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THE  LIBRARY 

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THE 


BAPTIST   ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


A    DICTIONARY 


OF 


THE  DOCTRINES,  ORDIXAXCES,  USAGES,  COXFESSIOXS  OF  FAITH, 

SUFFERINGS,   LABORS,  AND    SUCCESSES,  AND    OF   THE 

GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   THE 


BAPTIST  I)ENOMINATIOx\  IN  ALL  LANDS. 


WITH 


NUMEROUS  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  DISTINGUISHED  AMERICAN  AND 
FOREIGN  BAPTISTS,  AND  A  SUPPLEMENT. 


EDITED    HV 

willia:\[  oathcart,  d.d., 

AlTHOlt    OF    "the    TAI'VL    SYSTEM,"    "THE    BAPTISTS    AND    THE     AMERICAS     REVOLt'TIOX,"    AND 
"THE    BAPTISM    OF    THE    AGES." 


"W  I  T  H     MANY     I  L  L  r  S  T  K  A  T  1  O  X  S. 


P  H  I  L  A  1>  E  1.  r  H  1  A  : 

LOUIS    H.    EVERTS. 

18«1. 


Copyright,  1880,  by  Louis  H.  Everts. 


PREFACE. 


The  preparation  of  such  a  work  as  this  imposes  a  vast  responsibility  and  an 
immense  amount  of  labor.  Years  of  study  devoted  to  the  subjects  embraced  in  it, 
and  the  assistance  of  bretiiren  of  distinguished  ability,  encouraged  the  Editor  to 
undertake  its  compilation. 

The  Baptists  are  the  parents  of  absolute  religious  liberty  wherever  it  exists  in 
Christian  nations.  They  foundetl  the  first  great  Protestant  Missionary  Society  of 
modern  times.  Through  the  coun.sels  of  a  Baptist  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society  was  established,  and  in  it  every  Bible  Society  in  the  world.  Baptists  have  been 
the  warmest  friends  of  civil  liberty  in  all  great  struggles  for  frc('<lom.  Their  fifty  col- 
leges and  theological  seminaries,  and  their  numerous  and  splendid  academies,  show  their 
deep  interest  in  education.  The  religious  press  is  sending  forth  through  their  ninety-five 
l)eriodicaIs  an  unsurpassed  amount  of  sanctified  literature.  Governors,  judges,  generals, 
educators,  philanthropists,  authors,  ministers,  and  benefactors  of  great  distinction  and  in 
large  numbers  have  been  identified  witii  our  denomination.  Baptist  missionaries  in  the 
Ea.st  have  gathered  glorious  harvests  for  Jesus;  and  in  our  own  land  they  have  toiled 
everywhere  with  heaven-given  enthusiasm.  In  this  country  there  are  26,060  Ba])tist 
churches,  and  2,296,327  members ;  and  in  all  lands  there  are  30,699  churches  of  our 
faith,  with  2,769,389  members.  There  are  not  less  than  eight  millions  of  pei-sons  be- 
longing to  the  Baptist  denomination.  And  besides  tliese,  our  principles  are  extensively 
held  by  members  of  other  communities. 

Dr.  Chalmers,  at  the  close  of  a  very  able  sermon  on  infant  baptism,  pays  this  trib- 
ute to  our  British  brethren :  "  Let  it  never  be  forgotten  of  the  Particular  Baptists  of 
England  that  they  form  the  denomination  of  Fuller,  and  Carey,  and  Kyland,  and  Hall, 
and  Foster;  tliat  they  have  originated  among  the  greatest  of  all  missionary  enterprises; 
that  they  have  enriched  the  Christian  literature  of  our  country  witii  authorship  of  tlie 
most  e.xalted  piety,  as  well  as  of  the  first  talent  and  the  first  eloquence;  that  they  have 
waged  a  very  noble  and  successful  war  with  the  hydra  of  Antinomianism ;  that  perhaps 
there  is  not  a  more  intellectual  community  of  ministei-s  in  our  island,  or  who  have  put 
forth  to  their  number  a  greater  amount  of  mental  power  and  mental  activity  in  the  de- 
fense and  illustration  of  our  common  faith ;  and,  what  is  better  than  all  the  triumphs 
of  genius  and  understanding,  who,  by  their  zeal  and  fidelity,  and  pastoral  labor  among 
the  congregations  which  they  have  reared,  have  done  more  to  swell  the  lists  of  genuine 
discipleship  in  the  walks  of  private  society, — and  thus  botli  to  uphold  and  to  extend  the 

3 


653699 


PREFACE. 


liviug  Christianity  of  our  nation."  (lyccturcs  on  Romans,  Lec-ture  XIV.,  p.  70.  New 
Yorii,  1863.)  Tliis  is  a  just  tril)utc  to  our  Britisii  bretiiren,  coming  jfraootiilly  I'rom  the 
greatest  of  Scotch  preachers,  and  witli  ('(pial  appropriateness  every  word  of  it  migiit  he 
ai»plied  to  the  Baptists  of  America. 

•  The  Baptists  began  tlieir  denominational  life  under  tlie  ministry  of  tiie  Saviour. 
They  flourislied  at  various  peritxls  in  tlie  gloomy  ages  between  tiie  first  great  apostasy 
and  the  Reformation  of  tiie  si.xteenth  century.  And  in  tlie  coming  conquest.s  of  trutii 
they  are  destined  to  spread  over  tiie  world,  and  unfurl  their  banner  of  trutli  over  every 
home  and  heart  of  Adam's  family,  upon  which  the  linger  of  inspiration  luus  inscriljed  the 
words,  "One  Lord,  one  faith,  one  baptism." 

The  Editor  has  aimed  to  give  sketches  of  distinguished  Baptists  everywhere,  living 
and  dead ;  of  the  important  events  of  Baptist  history  ;  of  ancient  Baptist  Confessions 
of  Faitii  ;  of  the  scattered  and  ])crsecntcd  communities  that  held  Baptist  principles  in  the 
bleak  centuries  of  triumpliant  Romanism  ;  and  of  all  doctrines,  ])ractices,  and  usages 
j)eeuliar  to  Bajitists.  He  has  designed  to  place  before  the  rcatk'r  a  grand  "  cons[)ectus" 
of  the  Baptists,  their  principles,  institutions,  monuments,  labors,  achievements,  and  suf- 
ferings throughout  the  world  and  throughout  the  Christian  ages. 

Biography  is  used  extensively  in  this  work.  From  the  earliest  times  it  has  been 
employed  to  impart  historical  information.  Plutarch's  "  Lives"  have  traveled  down  the 
ages  for  eighteen  hundred  years. with  unfailing  interest,  giving  invaluable  sketches  ()f  the 
greatest  events  and  of  the  mightiest  men  of  the  far-distant  past.  Macaulay's  biographies, 
in  iiis  "  Essays"  and  in  his  great  "  History,"  describe  occurrences  and  men  in  a  form  that 
impresses  and  fascinates.  But  wliile  biography  is  a  conspicuous  feature  of  the  "  Encyclo- 
jnedia,"  it  has  also  an  immense  number  of  purely  historical  and  doctrinal  articles. 

If  the  learned  Thomas  Wilson  Haynes  had  completed  his  "  Baptist  Cycloptedia,"  (he 
first  volume  of  which  was  issued  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  1848,  the  editor  would  have 
been  relieved  of  a  portion  of  his  labor,  and  Baptist  churches  would  have  been  blessed 
i)y  a  work  of  great  value ;  but  untbrtunately  "  the  first  volume  of  Part  I."  was  the  last 
that  came  from  the  i)ress. 

Among  the  able  brethren  who  have  rendered  assistance  to  the  Editor  he  would  name 
President  H.  G.  Weston,  D.I).,  Pennsylvania;  Thomas  Armitage,  D.D.,  New  York; 
J.  L.  M.  Curry,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Virginia;  J.  M.  Pendleton,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  George 
W.  Samson,  D.D.,  New  York;  William  T.  Brantly,  D.D.,  Maryland;  H.  A.  Tuppcr, 
D.l).,  Virginia;  J.  C.  Long,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Pennsylvania;  T.  J.  Conaiit,  D.D.,  New 
York;  M.  Hillsman,  D.D.,  Tennessee;  J.  A.  Edgren,  D.D.,  Illinois;  J.  V.  Scofield, 
D.D.,  Missouri;  Rev.  R.  S.  Duncan,  Missouri;  Rev.  T.  A.  Gill,  U.S.N.,  Pennsyl- 
vania; C.  C.  Bitting,  D.D.,  Maryland;  Franklin  Wilson,  D.D.,  Maryland;  Professor 
S.  M.  Shute,  D.D.,  District  of  Columbia;  Professor  A.  H.  Newman,  New  York;  C.  E. 
Barrows,  D.D.,  Rhode  Island  ;  Rev.  Frederick  Denison,  Rhode  Island;  J.  C.  Stockbridge, 
D.D.,  Rhode  Island;  Rev.  R.  G.  Moses,  New  Jersey;  H.  F.  Smith,  D.D.,  New  Jersey; 
H.  I...  Wayland,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  Rev.  J.  G.  Walker,  Pennsylvania;  George  M. 
Sjjratt,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  A.  J.  Rowland,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  Col.  C.  H.  Banes, 


PREFACE. 


Pennsylv.ania;  B.  F.  Dennison,  Esq.,  Poniiisylvania ;  James  Buttcrworth,  Esq.,  Pennsyl- 
vania; Rev.  J.  P.  Metric,  Pennsylvania;  Rev.  B.  D.  Thomas,  Pennsylvania;  W.  Fred. 
Snyder,  Esq.,  Pennsylvania  ;  Rev.  J.  W.  Willraarth,  Pennsylvania ;  Rev.  James  Waters, 
Tennessee;  Joseph  H.  Borum,  D.D.,  Tennessee;  Rev.  Isaac  Willmarth,  Pennsylvania ; 
Justin  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  Jllinois;  President  Kendall  Brooks,  D.D.,  Michigan;  Rev.  1). 
E.  Halteman,  Wisconsin;  J.  R.  Murphy,  D.D.,  Iowa;  President  W.  T.  Stott,  D.I)., 
Indiana;  Rev.  S.  Boykin,  Georgia;  President  T.  H.  Pritehard,  D.D.,  North  Carolina ; 
W.  B.  Carson,  D.I).,  South  Carolina;  AV\  Pojje  Yeaman,  D.D.,  Missouri;  J.  H.  Spencer, 
D.D.,  Kentucky;  Rev.  R.  B.  Cook,  Delaware;  Rev.  M.  Bibb,  West  Virginia ;  Rev.  J. 
S.  (iuhelmann,  Pennsylvania;  President  W.  Carey  Crane,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Texas;  J.  J.  D. 
Renfroe,  D.D.,  Alabama;  Rev.  William  Wilder,  Iowa;  II.  J.  Eddy,  D.D.,  New  York; 
Rev.  W.  N.  Chaudoin,  Florida ;  Rev.  W.  E.  Paxton,  Arkansas ;  C.  A.  Buckbee,  D.D., 
California;  Rev.  O.  A.  Williams,  Nebraska;  Rev.  George  Armstrong,  Nova  Scotia; 
Francis  Jennings,  Esq.,  Pennsylvania ;  Hon.  H.  G.  Jones,  Pennsylvania;  William  M. 
Lawrence,  D.D.,  Illinois;  O.  N.  Worden,  Es(j.,  Pennsylvania;  S.  Haskell,  D.D.,  Michigan; 
Rev.  J.  D.  King,  Toronto. 

That  the  work  may  be  a  blessing  to  Baptists,  and  to  all  who  love  the  triumphs  of 
grs^e,  and  that  it  may  be  useful  to  students  of  history  generally,  is  the  earnest  wish  of 

WILLIAM  CATHCART. 

Philadelphia,  October,  1881. 


\ 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGB    I 

Adams,  S.W 12  1 

Albany,        I'jinmanui;!       lia{ili»t 

Church 19  1 

AlexanJer,  John 1289 

Allen.  Alanson 22 

Andersui),  Gulusha 31 

Ander!»on,  (Jeo.  W 32 

Anderson,  M.  H 33 

Anderson,  Thos.  I) 3fi 

Andrew:*,  Rcddin,Jr 36 

Annitage, 'i'hos 40 

Arnold,  Albert  N 41 

Arnold,  Samuel  0 42 

Atlanta  Theolugioal  Seminary....  47 

Backus,  Isanc 52  , 

Bacon,  Joel  Smith 64  ! 

Bailey,  f'.T 57  \ 

Bailey,  .^iliu? 59  t 

Bailev,  Thomas  M 60 

Bainbri,l;;e,  W.  F 60 

Baldnrin,  (ieo  C 62 

Balflwin,  Thomiui 63  1 

Baltiuiorc,  KutJiw  Place    Baptist  ' 

Church 66 

Banes,  Cha.-*.  H 67 

Banvard,  Joseph 67  j 

Baptistery  of  .Milan 73  ' 

Barlow,  K.  N 79 

Barney.  Kliara  E .SI 

Barratt,  J 82  1 

Barrows,  C.  E .S43  j 

Bateman,  Calvin  A 84  ' 

Battle.  .Archibald  J 86 

Baylor,  K.  E.  B 89  I 

Bavlor  University 911 

Beebee.  Alex.  M 93 

Benedict,  David 94 

Benedict  Institute 95 

Benedict,  Stephen 96 

Berry,  Joel  II 97 

Bethel  College 98 

Bishop,  Nathan 102 

Bitting,  C.  C 11)3 

Bixby,  Moses  H 103 

Bliss,  Geo.  Uipley 106 

Blitch,  Jos.  Luke 107 

Boardinan,  Geo.  Dana 108 

Boise,  James  llobinson 110 

Borum.  Jo-cph  Henry 115 

Bostick,  Jos.  M 116 

Bosworth,  Geo.  Wm 118 

Bouic,  Wm.  Vein) 119 

Boutelle,  Timothy 120 

Boyce,  James  Pettigru 121 

Boyd.  Wilhird  W 123 

Boykin,  Samuel 124' 

Boykin,  Thomas  Cooper 125 

Branham,  Isham  R 127 

Brantlv,  John  J 127 

Brantly,  Wm.  T.,  Jr 128 

Brayman,  ^lason 129 

Bravton,  Geo.  Arnold 131 

Bridgman.  C.  D.  W 132 

Briggs,  George  Xixon 133 

Broadus,  John  Albert 139 

6 


PAGE 

Brooks.  Kendall 142 

lirotherton,  Marshall 143 

Brown,  Joseph  E 146 

Brown,  Nicholas 150 

Brown  University 153 

Buchanan,  James 156 

Buck,  William  Calme.s 156 

Buckbce,  Charles  .\lvah 157 

Buckner.  Robert  C 15S 

liunyan  in  Bedford  Jail 160 

liurchett.  <J.  J 163 

liurlcsiin.  Rufus  C 164 

Iturlingham.  Aaron  li 165 

Burlington  ('ollegiate  Institute...  165 

Hurney.  Thomas  J 167 

Bush,  Alva 171 

Cade,  Baylus 174 

Caldwell,  Samuel  L 175 

Carey,  Geo.  M.   W ISl 

Carey,  William 182 

Carroll,  B.  H 186 

Carter,  John  W 189 

Caslle.  John   Harvard 190 

Caswell.  .Alexis 191 

Cathcari.  William 196 

Champlin.  James  Tift 20fl 

Chaplin,  Charles  Crawford 203 

Chase.  Irah 205 

Chaudoin.  W.  N 2«7 

Chicago  Baptist  Unicm  Theologi- 
cal Seminary 212 

Chicago,  First"  Baptist  Church  of.  210 

Chicago,  University  of. 215 

Chowan  Female  Institute 219 

Chown.  .1.  P 221 

Christian.  .Joseph 221 

Church,  Pharcellus 224 

Clovis,  Baptism  of. 235 

Coburn.  Abner 238 

Cocke,  Charles  Lewis 239 

Colby  Academy 240 

Colby,  Anthony 241 

Colby,  Gardner 242 

Colby  University 243 

Cole,  Addison  L 245 

Cole,  Isaac 245 

Cole,  Nathan 246 

Coleman.  James  Smith 247 

Colgate  Academy 248 

Colgate,  William 250 

Conant,  John 260 

Conant.  Thomas  J 261 

Cone,  Spencer  Houghton 263 

Cook  Academy 271 

Cook,  Richard  Briscoe 272 

Cooper,  James 274 

Cooper,  Mark  A 275 

Corcoran.  William  Wilson 278 

Corev.  Charles  Henry 279 

Cotton.  John  H  281 

Courtney,  Franklin 283 

Cramp.  .'lohn  .M 286 

Crane.  Cephas  B 287 

Crane,  James  C 287 

Crane,  William 288 


79    1 


PAOl 

Crane,  William  Carey 289 

Crawley,  Edmund  Albern 292 

Creath,  Joseph  W.  D 293 

Crosby,  Moreau  S 296 

Crozer,  John  Price 298 

Crozer  Theological  Seminary 299 

Cummings,  E.  E 300 

Curry,  J.  L.  M 301 

Cuthbert,  James  U 304 

Dargan,  J.  0.  B 308 

Davidson.  Thomas  l^eslie 309 

Davies,  Daniel 310 

Davis,  Geo.  F 311 

Davis,  John 313 

Dawson.  John  Edmonds 1298 

Dav,  Henry 318 

Denne.  Richard 322 

Denison,  Frederic ^327 

Denisim  University 328 

Denovan,  Joshua 1299 

De  Votic,  J.  H 331 

Dickerson,  James  Stokes 332 

Dickinson,  A.  E 3.33 

Dillard,  Ryland  Thompson 334 

Dockcry.  Alfred 338 

Dodge.'Daniel 339 

Dodge,  Ebenczer 340 

Duncan,  James  Henry 347 

Durfee,  Thomas .352 

Earle.  T.  J 355 

Eaton,  Geo.  W 357 

Eddy,  Daniel  C 359 

Elder,  Joseph  F 363 

Elliott,  Victor  A 366 

England,    House    in    which    the 
Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 

formed 370 

Espy,  T.  B .379 

Estes,  Hiram  Cushmnn 380 

Evans,  Benjamin 381 

Evans,  Christmas 382 

Everts,  William  W 385 

Ewart,  Thomas  W 386 

Ferguson,  William 807 

Field,  James  G 392 

Field,  S.  W .393 

Fish.  Henry  Clay 394 

Fisher,  Thomas  Jefferson 397 

Fleischmann.  Konrad  A 399 

Foljambe.  S.  W 403 

Ford.  Samuel  Howard 405 

Foster.  John 407 

Fox,  Norman 410 

Franklin  College 413 

French.  George  R 1302 

French,  James 418 

Fristoe,  Edward  T 419 

Fuller,  Andrew 421 

Fuller,  Richard 423 

Furraan,  J.  C 426 

Furmnn.  Richard,  Sr 426 

Furraan  University 427 

Fyfe,  Robert  A 428 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Gale,  Amory VM) 

Gano,  John 434 

Gardner,  tieu.  W 4;i6 

Garrett,  0.  II.  V 438 

Germany,      Uuinburg       Misitiun 

Clia|.el 449 

Gill,  .John 463 

Gilluttf.  A.  I> 465 

Giliiiure.  Joiscph  A 466 

Gove,  Elijah 462 

Graves,  J.  It 466 

Grave?",  Samuel 468 

Green-',  Roger  Sherman 471 

Greene,  Samuel  Stillman 472 

Gregory,  Uriah 474 

Gri tilth,  Ilenjainin 476 

Gubelmann,  J.S 479 

Hackett.  H.  B 483 

HaMeman,  I.-aac  Massey 486 

Halterann,  David   Emorv 490 

Hanna.  William   lirantly 493 

Hanna,  T.  A.  T 494 

Hardin,  Charles  Henry 496 

Hardin  College 496 

llarkness,  Albert 497 

Harris,  Henry  Herbert 498 

Harris.  Ira 499 

Harrison,  James  E oUl 

Hart,  Jolin,  signature  of 606 

Hascall.  Daniel 608 

Haskell.  Samuel 608 

Havelock,  Sir  Henry 610 

Hawthorne,  J.  15 612 

Haycraft,  Samuel 613 

Henson.  P.  S 619 

Hill,  David  J 623 

Hill,  Stephen  1* 624 

Hillsman,  Matthew 626 

Hobbs.  Smith  M 630 

Hodge,  Marvin  tlrow 630 

Holmes.  Willet 639 

Hooper,  William 642 

Hornberger,  Lewi;*  P 643 

Hoskinson,  Thomas  J 644 

Houston,  Sam 6^6 

Hovey,  Alvah 547 

Howard.  John 648 

Hovt.  James  M 652 

Hoyt,  Wayland 653 

Hubbar.l,  Kiidiard  lienuett 553 

Hut'ham,  J.  D 565 

Humphrey,  Erien<l 568 

Huntington,  Atlnniram  J 560 

Hutchinson,  John 663 

Hutchinson,  Mrs.  Lucy 665 

Ide,  Geo.  B 668 

Ireland,  Jos.  Alexander 685 

Ives,  Dwight 587 

Ivimey,  Joseph 588 

Jackson,  Henry 5S9 

James,  J.  H...'. 693 

Jameson,  Ephraim  H.  E 595 

Jeffrey,  Ucuben 697 

Jessey,  Henry 61)0 

Jeter,  Jeremiah  IJell 601 

Johnstm,  Joseph 606 

Johusnii,  Okey 607 

Johnson.  W.  U 609 

Jones,  David 610 

Jones,  J.  William 617 

Jones,  Samuel 619 

Jone?,T.(; 621) 

Jones,  Washington 621 

Jones,  William  P  623 

Judson,  Adonirara 626 

Judson,  Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine 628 

Kalama7.no  College 633 

Koach,  Benjamin 637 


Keen,  Joseph 640 

Keen,  William  Williams 641 

Keith.  (Jeo.  H 643 

Kenilall.  Amos 645 

Kendrick,  Adiu  A 646 

Kendrick,  Nathaniel 648 

Kennard,  Joseph  Hugg 649 

Kerr,  John 663 

Kiffin.  William 654 

Kilpatrirk.  J.  H.  T 666 

Kinney,  Robert  Crouch 661 

Knollys,  Hanserd 664 


La  (irange  College 

Landrum,  Sylvanus 

Lasher,  (ieo.  Williiuii 

Lathrop.  E<lward 

Lawler,  Levi  W 

Lawrence,  William  Alangam 

Learning.  First  Baptist  Seminary 

of,  in  America 

Lee,  Franklin 

Lehmd,  John 

Leiand  I'nivevsity 

Leslie,  Preston  H 

Levering,  Charles 

Levering,  Eugene 

Levy,  John  P 

Lewis,  Henry  Clay 

Lewisburg  University 

Ijincoln,  Heman 

Link,  J.  B 

Lofton,  Geo.  Augustus 

Looinis,  Justin  R 

Lorimer,  George  C 

Louisville,    Ky.,    Walnut    Street 

Baptist  Church 

Lowry,  M.  P 

Lucas,  Elijah 

Lumpkin,  Wilson 

Lush.  Sir  Robert 

Luther,  John  Hill 


Mabie,  H.  C I 

Mauarthur,  Robert  Ste^vart 

Mackenzie.  Alexander 

Maclay.  Archibald 

Madison  University 

Magoon,  Eiias  Lyman 

Maloom,  Howard 

Mallary,  Charles  Dutton 

M:inly,  Basil 

Manning.  Jamc8 

Marey,  William  Learne<l , 

Muson,  Sumner  R 

Mather,  Asher  E 

Maxey,  Samuel  Bell 

McCune,  Henry  E 

McDaniel,  James 

McDonaM,  Charles  J 

Mcintosh,  W.  H 

McMnster,  Willinm 

Mcpherson,  William 

Mell,  Patrick  Hughes 

Mercer,  Jesse 

Mercer  University 

Miles,  Samuel 

Milton,  John 

Montague,  Robert  L 

Morgan,  Abel 

Morgan.  T.  J 

Mount  Pleasant  College 

Mulford,  Horatio  J 

Murdoek,  John  Nelson 


668 
670 
671 
672 
673 
674 

677 
681 

682 
683 
6S5 

6S8 
tiSH 

r>90 

691 
693 
703 
705 
713 
716 
718 

721 
720 
723 
724 
727 
727 

730 
731 
T.'-l'* 

7:!o 
7:;9 

74U 
742 
744 
74.i 
74S 
768 
7.09 
762 

7r.s 

768 
769 
77U 
773 
774 
777 
779 
78.'i 
792 
796 
81(1 
SI3 
SIS 
821 
822 
824 


Niifhvillc,  First  Colored   Baptist 

Clmrcli  of. 828 

Nashville  Institute S29 

Nealc,  Ili.IMn  Hcber S.;il 

NewTiinn,  Albert  Ilrnry 8;i9 

Newman,  Tlioinas  W 839 

Newton  Theological  Seminary....  845 


New  York,  First  liaptist  Church..  849 

Nisbet,  Kbenezer 861 

Noel,  Baptist  W 852 

!  Northrup,  (j.  W 857 

I   Norton.  E.  H 858 

\   Nott.  Abner  Kingman 858 

Nugent,  George 864 

OIney,  Edward 8«8 

Oncken,  John  Gerhard 869 

O'Ncall,  John  Helton 870 

Owen,  Alfred 877 

Palmer,  Albert  Gallatin 880 

Palmer,  Ethan  li 880 

Palmer,  l.yinan 881 

Paniily,  Wheclock  U 885 

Pattison,  Robert  E 887 

Pattison,  T.  JIarwood. 888 

Patton,  Alfred  .>i 888 

Pa.xton,  William  Eclwards 890 

Peddie  Institute 894 

Peddie,  John 895 

Peddie,  Thomas  B 896 

Pepper,  G,  D.  B 905 

Peto,  .Samuel  Morton 910 

Phelps,  Sylvanus  Drydin 916 

Philadelphia,  Baptist  Home  of...  917 
Philadelphia,        Fifth        Bajitist 

Church 911 

Philadelphia,    Memorial    Baptist 

Church 915 

Philadelphia,      Second      Baptist 

Church  of. 919 

Pingry,  William  M 922 

Pitman.  John 923 

Posev.  Humphrey 928 

Post!  Albert  L 928 

Potter,  Walter  McD 930 

Prilchard,  T.  H 940 

Providence,  First  Baptist  Church 

of. 946 

Puryear,  Bennet 951 

Quincy,  Josiab 952 

Rand.  Theodore  Harding 955 

Randolph,  Warren 957 

Uauschcnbuscb,  Augustus 959 

Rawdon  College 960 

Hay,  l>.  B 960 

Rees,  George  Evans 965 

Regent's  Park  College 967 

Uenfroe.  J.J.  D 969 

Rhodes,  Elisha  Hunt 978 

Riclimonil  College 983 

liichmond.  First  Bai)tist  Church 

of 985 

Robins,  Henry  E 995 

Kubinson,  Kzekiel  Gilman 996 

Robinson,  Robert 997 

Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  1000 

Rochester,  University  of. 1002 

Rochester     University     (Siblcv 

Hall) .".   1003 

Rothwell,  Andrew Kill 

Rowlanil,  A.  Judson 11113 

Royall,  William... 1014 

Kunyon,  Peter  P 1015 

Sage,  Aduniram  Judson 1021 

.«altcr,  Melville  Judson 1023 

i^amson,  Geo.  WhiteGeld 1024 

Sun     Francisco,    First     Baptist 

Church  of 1028 

.Sawyer,  .\rtemus  W 1031 

Scholield,  J,  V 1034 

Searcy,  James  B 1037 

Sears,  Barn:is 1038 

Scmple,  Robert  B 1040 

Shailer,  William  H 1044 

SballeDberger,  Wm,  S 1046 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAOK 

Sharp,  Daniel 1047 

Shaver,  David 1048 

Shorwoud,  A.iiel 1053 

Shorter,  J. ihii  (iill 1055 

Shiite.  SiimucI  M 1058 

Smith,  Juinec  Wliciiton 1067 

Smith,  John  liawrence 101)8 

Smitli,  Justin  A 1070 

Smith,  Sniiniel  Francis 1072 

Smith,  Williiini  E 107:i 

South  .Jersey  Institute 1076 

SpaMins.  A'lbert  Tlieodorc 1088 

Spei^lit,  Joseph  Warren 1090 

Spratt,  (ieo.  M 10U2 

Spratt,  (ico.  S 1092 

Spurgeon,  (,'harles  tladdon 1093 

Spnr;;ec>n's  Tahernacle 1094 

Stau-liton.  William 1:'.09 

Stevens.  J.il.n llol 

Stillman,  Samuel 1107 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Seeond    liiiptist 

Church 1110 

Stoclibridgc,  John  Calvin 11 09 

Stow,  liaron 1115 

Strong,  Augustus  II 1119 

Sutticid  Literary  Institution 1287 

Sunday-School,' First  Infant 1122 

Swan,  Jabez  Smith 1125 


PAUi: 

Thomas,  B.  D 1147 

Thomas,  Jesse  B 1149 

Tliresher,   Kbenezer 1151 

Ticknor,  William  D 1153 

Toronto,  fanada,  Jar^■is   Street 

Baptist  lliurehof. 1100 

Tremont  Temple.  Boston 1103 

Tueker,  Henry  H.dcombe 1171 

Tu|i|ier,  Henry  Allen 1174 

Tuppei-,  .lames 1 175 

Turner,  Thomas 1176 

Tustin,  F'raneis  Wayland 1178 

Van  Ilusan.  Caleb 1187 

\'assar  College 1 190 

Vanghan.  William 1191 

Vawter,  .Ttdin  1193 

Vinee,  Charles 1194 

Waeo  University 1197 

Wake  Forest  College 1199 

Walker.  Jacob  Uarrett 12112 

Walter.  Thomas  U 1207 

Ward,  Milan  L 1209 

Warren.  H.  W 1212 

Watts.  Tliomas  Hill 1218 

Wayland.  President  Francis 1220 

Wayland,  Francis 1222 


I'AOE 

Wayland  Seminary 1223 

Welch,  Bartholomew  T 1226 

Weston,  Henry  (1 1233 

Wharton,  Morton  Bryan 1235 

Wiberg,  Anilieas .' 1240 

Wilder,  William 1243 

William  Jewell  College 1246 

Williams.  J.  W.  M 1248 

Williams,  Koger Frtntiinpitce 

Kxilc,    facsimile     of     Order 

of 1325 

Letter,  fac  simile  of 1326 

Williams.  William  K 1255 

Wilson.  Adam 1257 

Wilson.  Franklin 1258 

Wingale.  W.  JI 1261 

Winkler.  Edwin  Theodore 1261 

W„rna,-k,  B.  K 1208 

Wo,],lburn.  B.  F 1272 

Woods.  Alva 1273 

Worcester  Academy 1277 

Wright,  Lyman 1279 

Wynn,  Isaac  Caldwell 1282 

Yates.  M.  T 1283 

Yeaman.W.  Pope 1283 

Young,  (George  Whitcficld 1285 

Young.  Robert  F 1286 


THE 


BAPTIST   ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


A. 


Aaron,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  bom  in  New  Bi-itriin, 
Pa.,  Oct.  19,  ls(i(».  In  lS2f)  the  Saviour  found  liim 
and  washed  liini  in  his  blooil.  In  l!S29  he  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  tlie  New  Britain  church.  Sub- 
sequently he  took  charno  of  the  Burlinj^ton,  N.  J., 
High  School,  and  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place.  In  1841  he  removed  to  Norristown,  Pa., 
founded  tlio  Tremont  Seminary  there,  and  served 
tlie  Baptist  cliurch  as  pastor.  Afterwards  he  ac- 
cepted the  call  of  the  church  in  Mcjunt  Holly, 
N.  J.,  where  he  ended  his  earthly  labors,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  eternal  rest,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year 
of  his  age. 

Mr.  Aaron  was  a  fine  scholar  and  a  man  of  ex- 
traordinary aljility.  His  logic  was  irresistible. 
He  was  the  natural  leader  of  his  associates.  He 
was  not  afraid  to  differ  from  a  whole  community, 
nor  could  tlie  penalties  inflicted  upon  independent 
thinking  move  him.  He  uttered  iiis  convictions 
with  a  manly  boldness,  and  he  sustained  them  with 
groat  power.  Few  cared  to  encounter  him  in  de- 
bate, and  large  numbers  admired  his  great  intel- 
lect and  liis  Christian  depcn-tment.  Ho  lived  an 
earnest  Christian  life,  and  he  died  in  the  Saviour's 
peace. 

Abbe,  Prof.  Cleveland,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  Doc.  3,  ls;iS,  and  graduated  from  the 
New  York  City  Free  College  in  1S.')7.  He  united 
with  a  Baptist  church  in  that  city  in  lS.'):i,and  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  Sunday-scliool  work.  He 
is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Calvary  Baptist 
church,  Washington,  D.  C.  During  1859-60  he 
was  instructor  of  Mathematics  and  Engineering  in 
the  University  of  Michigan,  an<l  for  a  short  time 
in  the  Agricultural  College  of  that  State.  From 
1800  to  1801  he  was  engaged  in  tlie  United  States 
Coast  Survey  under  Dr.  B.  A.  Gould,  at  Cambridge, 


Mass.  In  18G5-66  he  visited  the  European  ob- 
.servatories.  During  1807-08  he  was  an  as.<.istant 
at  the  Naval  Ob.servatory,  AVashington,  D.  C. 
From  1808  to  1870  he  was  director  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Observatory,  where,  among  other  labors,  he 
establislied  and  carried  on  a  system  of  daily  tele- 
graphic weather  reports  and  predictions,  and  issued 
a  "Daily  AVeather  Bulletin''  for  the  Cincinnati 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  which  began  in  1S09,  and 
which  rapidly  developed  into  tlie  present  national 
system  of  weather  "  probabilities."  In  .lanuary, 
1871,  he  was  called  to  the  responsible  position  of 
meteorologist  of  the  Weather  Bureau  of  the  Army 
Signal-Office,  where  he  compiled  the  published 
weather  probabilities,  the  storm-signals,  monthly 
reviews,  and  international  bulletin,  and  where  he 
still  officiates.  Prof.  Alibe  has  made  numerous  val- 
uable contributions  to  scientific  journals,  especially 
the  American  Journal  of  Science,  Monthly  Notices, 
Royal  Astronomical  Society,  Army  Signal-Office 
Reports,  Aslromi.iche  Xach  rich  ten,  Smithsonian 
Annual  Reports,  Baird's  "Annual  Record,"  Ap- 
pleton's  and  .Johnsons  Encyclop;edias,  etc. 

Abbot,  Hon.  Charles  F.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  April  5,  18l!l.  In  early  life  he  went  to  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  E.  L. 
Magoon,  D.I).  He  subsequently  removed  to  Phila- 
delphia and  united  with  the  church  at  the  Falls  of 
Scliuylkill,  where  for  many  years  he  has  remained 
a  faithful  member  and  an  honored  office-bearer. 
As  a  trustee  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  and  a 
manager  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety, he  has  l)een  actively  engaged  in  promoting 
the  educational  and  missionary  work  of  the  denomi- 
nation. He  is  a  man  of  strong  intellect,  clear  judg- 
ment, broad  views,  and  sterling  piety.  In  secular 
life  he  has  repeatedly  been  elected  to  aid  in  the 

9 


ABJiUTT 


10 


ADAMS 


management  of  important  trusts.  At  one  time  he 
represented  his  fellow-citizens  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Leirislaturc.  and  lio  is  at  present  a  ini'inber  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Educatiipn  in  the  city  of  Pliila- 
deljihia. 

Abbott,  Granville  S.,  D.D.,  son  of  Ebenezer 
Tilden  and  Ruth  llewes,  was  horn  at  North  Kead- 
inj;.  Mass.,  Feb.  27,  1><37  :  baptized  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  by  Rev.  Asa  C.  Bronsun  ;  lieenscd  by  the 
\orth  Readini;  church  in  IS.V,);  was  ordained  by 
the  South  Boston  church  in  1S03,  of  which  he  was 
pastor  for  six  years,  during  which  period  an  ele- 
gant house  of  worship  was  erected.  He  spent  ten 
years  in  study  for  his  life-work,  graduating  with 
honor  from  Pierce  Academy  in  IS.'iO,  from  Brown 
University  in  ISCiO,  and  from  Newton  Theological 
Institution  in  1S()3.  After  his  South  Boston  pas- 
torate he  was  pastor  at  Watertown,  Mass.,  from 
Oct.  1,  lf<t;9,  to  Jan.  1,  1S77.  One  year  later  he 
became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  and  resigned  Jan.  1,  lcS7'.l.  April 
1,  1S79,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Oakland,  where,  in  connection  with  his  pastoral 
work,  he  accepted  the  editorship  of  the  Herald  (if 
Truth,  a  monthly  Baptist  paper,  established  Jan. 
1,  ISSO.  Ills  work  for  the  denomination  and  the 
cause  of  religion  has  been  varied  and  constant. 
For  four  years  he  edited  the  Sunday-school  depart- 
ment of  77(6  Hu/rAmaii,  of  Boston.  For  five  years 
he  was  editor  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society's  "Question  Books'  and  of  its  '"Lesson 
Leaves,"  who.se  monthly  circulation  was  "i-ilXtlOO. 
AVhile  in  New  England  he  was  a  member  of  vari- 
ous hoards  of  benevidence, — the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  New  England  Educational  So- 
ciety, Massachusetts  .State  Convention,  president 
of  New  England  .Ministerial  Institute,  and  .secre- 
tary of  the  Massachusetts  Ministerial  Institute. 
In  May,  1880,  California  College  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  D.D.  The  church  at  Oakland, 
of  which  he  is  pastor,  in  1880,  is  one  of  the  largest 
in  California,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  foreign 
mission  zeal,  in  which  it  is  an  example  for  all  the 
churches. 

Abbott,  Rev.  Henry, — "To  this  man,"  Bur- 
kitt,  the  historian,  says,  "we  are  indebted  for  snme 
of  our  religious  rites."  He  was  born  in  London, 
and  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  .lohn  Abbott,  canon 
of  St.  Paul,  He  came  to  this  country  without  the 
knowledge  of  his  father,  and  first  appeared  in 
Camden  Co.,  N.  C,  as  a  school-teacher.  He  soon 
joined  a  Baptist  church  and  began  to  preach.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  when  the  State 
and  Federal  constitutions  were  adopted.  lie  died 
May.  1791. 

Abbott,  Rev.  L,  A, — Rev,  L.  -V.  Abbott,  now 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church   in  Alton,  111.,  was 


born  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  in  1824,  and  was  baptized 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  by  the  now  venerable  Rev. 
Benjamin  Knight,  uniting  with  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  in  Beverly.  In  his  early  life  he  was  a 
sailor.  Deciding  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  he 
studied  at  Worcester  Academy,  but  his  health  fail- 
ing midway  in  the  course,  he  again  went  to  sea, 
and  made  several  voyages  as  mate  and  master. 
Leaving  the  sea,  he  returned  to  his  native  town 
and  spent  some  years  in  teaching,  meantime  repre- 
senting the  district  two  years  in  the  Mass.ichusetts 
Legislature.  In  18.i5  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Central  Baptist  church,  Metford,  Mass.,  but 
in  consequence  of  lung  difficulty  was  compelled  to 
resign  in  1858.  Partially  recovering,  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  AVeymouth  church,  and  was 
again  chosen  by  that  town  to  represent  it  in  the 
Legislature.  In  1863  he  Ijecame  ]iastor  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church  of  Middleborough,  the  seat 
of  Pierce  Academy,  then  flourishing  under  the 
principalship  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  Jcnks.  Here  he 
was  once  chosen  to  the  Legislature,  in  which  body, 
in  this  as  in  former  terms,  he  served  upon  impor- 
tant committees.  In  18(js,  removing  to  Minnesota 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  he  was  four  years  a 
pastor  at  Rochester,  then  at  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  where 
he  remained  seven  years.  In  1879  he  became  pastor, 
at  Alton,  of  the  church  which  he  still  efliciently 
serves. 

Acworth,  James,  LL.D.,  late  president  of 
Rawdon  College,  England  (formerly  known  as 
Ilorton  College),  from  1836  to  1S63.  Studied  for 
the  ministry  at  the  Bristol  Baptist  College,  whence 
he  proceeded  to  Glasgow  University  and  graduated. 
On  May  29,  1823,  be  was  ordained  co-pastor  of  the 
South  Parade  church,  Leeds,  his  colleague  being 
the  venerable  Thomas  Langdon.  then  in  the  forty- 
first  year  of  his  ministry.  In  1836  be  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  president  of  Ilorton  College,  and  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  many  important  services  to 
the  denomination  in  that  capacity.  Since  his  retire- 
ment, in  1863,  he  has  resided  at  Scarborough,  York- 
shire. Both  a.s  a  pastor  and  theological  professor 
Dr.  Acworth  will  long  be  gratefully  remembered. 

Adams,  George  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Dor- 
chester, -Mass.,  Oct.  3,  1802.  and  died  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  April  16,  1877.  His  father,  Seth  Adams,  re- 
moved to  Ohio  in  180,5,  and  settled  first  in  Mari- 
etta, and  afterwards  in  Zanesville.  Mr.  Adams 
was  baptized  in  1812,  by  the  Rev.  George  C.  Sed- 
wick.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1822.  In 
1824  he  entered  the  preparatory  school  of  the  Co- 
lumbian College,  graduated  from  the  college  in 
1829,  and  was  principal  of  the  .school  during  the 
year  1829-30.  While  still  pur.'iuing  his  collegiate 
course  he  was  elected  pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist 
church,  Washington,  at  that  time  worshiping  in  the 
city  hall,  which,  however,  was  soon  after  merged 


ADAMS 


II 


ADAMS 


into  the  E  Street  church.  Diirinjj  his  college 
course  he  also  spent  several  of  his  vacations  with 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Uyluml  as  missionary  in  Eastern  Vir- 
jiinia.  He  was  ordained  at  the  Navy-Yard  Baptist 
church,  Wa.shington,  April  22,  1X27.  In  1S30  he 
settled  in  Falmouth,  \a.,  as  principal  of  a  female 
scliool,  and  as  the  assistant  of  the  Kev.  K.  B.  Seuiple, 
jiastor  of  the  church  in  Fredericksburjr.  of  which 
he  soon  became  himself  the  pastor,  continuing  such 
until  December  of  lH.3.0,  supplying  at  the  same  time 
the  pulpit  at  Falmouth,  and  also  of  one  other  church. 
In  -January,  1830,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Calvert 
Sti-oet  Baptist  cliurch,  Baltimore,  where  he  was 
useful  and  successful.  In  1S42  he  became  general 
missionary  for  the  State  of  Maryland,  visiting  and 
stimulating  all  the  churches.  In  1843  he  preached 
to  the  Hereford,  Gunpowder,  and  Forest  churches. 
In  1848  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  where,  during  thirteen 
years,  he  labored  with  great  success.  In  1)^60, 
Mr.  Adams  became  pastor  of  the  Hampton  Baptist 
church,  but  the  war  occurring,  he  served  for  a  short 
time  as  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  army.  lie  was 
arrested  and  imprisoned  for  a  while  at  the  Rip-raps. 
In  1862  he  returned  to  Baltimore,  and  was  appointed 
State  missionary,  serving  in  that  capacity  until 
]86.i,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  Atlantic  Female 
College  at  Onancock,  Va.  In  1867  he  was  called 
a  second  time  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
Hampton,  where  he  remained  for  nine  ye.ars,  until, 
his  voice  failing,  he  resigned,  and  removed  to  Bal- 
timore, where  he  was  appointed  a  city  missionary, 
laboring  as  such  with  great  tidclity  until  nearly 
the  day  of  his  death,  which  was  caused  by  a  can- 
cerous affection  of  the  throat.  As  a  preacher  Mr. 
Adams  was  instructive  and  stimulating.  His  style 
was  clear,  simple,  and  forcible,  and  his  sermons 
were  rich  in  Christian  experience.  During  a  min- 
istry of  more  than  fifty  years  he  had  labored  faith- 
fully for  the  advancement  of  every  good  cause, 
baptizing  hundreds  of  converts,  and  giving  much 
of  his  time  to  the  cause  of  missions,  Sunday- 
schools,  temperance,  and  the  distribution  of  re- 
ligious publications.  One  who  knew  him  well  has 
said,  "He  was  one  of  the  four  ministers  who,  in 
]83r),  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Maryland  Baptist 
Union  Association,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any 
other  man  are  we  indebted  under  Uod  for  the  origin 
and  present  glorious  success  of  that  body,  number- 
ing then  only  .345,  now  over  10,000."  Mr.  Adams 
also  wrote  and  published  numerous  articles  of  in- 
terest in  our  religions  periodicals,  and  was  for  one 
year  the  editor  of  the  True  I'liioii,  published  in 
Baltimore.  He  had  also  in  preparation  a  '■  History 
of  the  Maryland  Baptist  Churches." — a  work  for 
which  he  was  specially  fitted  froni  his  intimate 
acquaintance  with  the  churches,  and  which  he 
undertook  at  the  request  of  the  M.  B.  C.  \.     He 


left  it  unfinisheil  at  his  deatli.  but  it  will  be  com- 
pleted by  the  Kev.  John  Pollard,  D.l)..  of  Balti- 
more. l>r.  Adams  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  Columbian  College. 

Adams,  Eev.  Henry,  a  distinguished  colored 
minister,  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  1". 
1><02.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  and  the  same  year  licensed  to  preach  within 
the  bounds  of  his  church.  In  1823  his  license  was 
extended  without  limits,  and  in  1825  he  was  or- 
dained. After  preaching  a  few  years  in  South  Car- 
olina and  Georgia,  he  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and 
was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Colored  Baptist 
church  in  Louisville  in  1829.  Here  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  a  long  and  eminently  useful  life. 
The  church  was  very  small  when  he  took  charge 
of  it,  and  was  the  only  colored  B.aptist  church  in 
the  city.  At  his  death  it  numbered  over  lOOO 
members,  and  was  the  parent  of  six  other  churches, 
with  a  total  membership  of  4U0<J.  Mr.  Adams  was 
a  fair  scholar,  having  a  good  knowledge  of  several 
of  the  ancient  languages.  After  the  emancipation 
of  the  colored  people  he  expressed  constant  anxiety 
for  the  establishment  of  schools  and  the  improve- 
ment of  the  condition  of  his  race.  He  was  espe- 
cially solicitous  for  the  formation  of  a  school  in 
Louisville  for  the  training  of  colored  ministers. 
He  died  in  Louisville.  Nov.  3,  1872. 

Adams,  Rev.  John  Quincy,  was  born  in  Phila- 
dclpliia,  I'a.,  f  iIj.  2.j.  I.s2.j  :  was  liber.ally  educated  ; 
ordained  pastor  of  Bloomfield  church,  N.  J.,  Jan. 
31,  1849.  He  has  had  charge  of  the  Keyport 
church,  N.  J.,  and  of  the  North,  Antioch.  and 
Cannon  Street  churches  in  New  York  City.  He 
has  published  a  number  of  religious  works.  Eleven 
years  ago  he  had  baptized  .540  persons,  nine  of 
whom  became  ordained  ministers.  Mr.  Adams  is 
full  of  zeal  for  the  salvation  of  the  perishing,  and 
for  the  triumph  of  what  he  regards  as  the  truth  of 
Go<l. 

Adams,  Sejrmour  Webster,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Vernon,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  1,  1815;  con- 
verted at  the  age  of  seventeen;  received  his  liter- 
ary education  at  Hamilton  College,  N.  Y'.,  and  his 
theologic.ll  training  at  Hamilton  Theological  Sem- 
inary ;  was  ordained  in  February,  1843,  and  after 
supplying  the  churches  at  Durliaiiiville  and  Johns- 
town. N.  Y'..  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Ver- 
non, his  native  place,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
In  1846  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Cleveland.  O..  and  continued  its  pastor 
until  his  death.  Sept.  27.  1864.  During  these 
eighteen  years  ho  had  the  affection  of  a  devoted 
people,  and  exercised  great  influence  in  the  city 
and  State.  In  18.')9  he  wrote  a  memoir  of  his 
father-in-law.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick.  His  death 
was  hastened  by  his  services  at  the  seat  of  war  as 
a  volunteer    in    the   Christian    Commission.     Ilis 


ADA.VS 


AD  LAM 


S.    H".    ADAMS,    D.n. 

memoir  was  published  under  the  editorship  of  -I. 
P.  Bisliop  in  ISfifi.  llis  character  was  jtreatly  ad- 
mired and  his  early  death  lamented  by  all. 

Adams,  Rev.  Spencer  Gavitt,  the  pastor  of 
the  Uaptist  church  in  M'ahvorth,  Wis.,  was  horn  in 
Marion  Co.,  O.,  Sept.  7,  1844.  His  parents  were 
Methodists,  and  ho  received  his  early  religious 
truinina;  under  the  influence  of  that  denomination. 
lie  obtained  hope  in  Christ  when  thirteen  years  of 
ngp,  and  united  with  the  M.  E.  Church.  His  at- 
tention having  been  called  to  the  views  held  by 
Baptists,  after  careful  and  prayerful  examination 
of  the  subject  he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 
lie  was  educated  at  Penison  University,  0.,  and  at 
the  Morgan  Park  Baptist  Theological  Seminary, 
III.  He  was  ordained  in  June.  18Ta.  AVhile  a 
student  in  the  theological  seminary  he  supplied 
regularly  for  two  years  the  Baptist  church  in 
Thompsonvillo,  Racine  Co.  He  has  been  four 
years  pastor  of  the  Walworth  Baptist  church. 

Adams,  Rev.  Thomas,  a  prominent  minister 
of  the  Mississippi  River  Baptist  Association,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina  in  1804,  and  began  to 
preach  in  1830.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Furman 
Theological  Institute.  After  laboring  many  years 
in  his  native  State,  he  removed  to  East  Feliciana 
Parish,  La.,  in  1853,  where  he  labored  efficiently 
until  his  death,  .July  20,  1859. 

Adkins,  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Greenfield,  Sara- 
toga Co.,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  17,  1^05.  His  parents  moving 
to  what  was  then  the  wilderness  of  Western  New 
York,  he  was  deprived  of  the  advantages  of  an  early 
education,  but  impelled  by  his  thirst  for  knowledge, 


at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  he  entered  an  academy 
at  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  graduating  finally  from  Mari- 
etta College,  O.,  in  1839.  For  three  years  after  his 
graduation  he  was  tutor  at  Marietta,  where  he  also 
studied  law.  Having  taught  in  Tennessee  and  Pe- 
oria, 111.  (where  he  was  baptized),  he  accepted  in 
1847  the  chair  of  Belles-Lettres  in  Shurtlefl"  College, 
III.,  remaining  in  the  faculty  nine  years  at  great 
persimal  sacrifice,  and  giving  himself  to  the  interests 
of  the  college  with  unwearied  devotion.  The  latter 
part  of  his  time  at  Shurtleft',  Prof.  Adkins  had  the 
chair  of  Languages.  Having  become  profoundly 
interested  in  Bible  revision,  he  resigned  at  Shiirtleff 
and  removed  to  X'ew  York,  where  he  devoted  his 
entire  time  to  this  work.  After  a  year's  service  he 
was,  however,  obliged  to  desist  on  account  of  fail- 
ure of  sight.  In  1857  he  took  a  position  in  Mari- 
etta College,  resigning  this  in  1859  to  accept  the 
Professorship  of  Greek  in  Richmond  College,  Va.,  a 
post  which  he  held  but  a  short  time  on  account  of 
the  war.  Returning,  he  accepted  a  pastorate  at 
Brimfield,  HI.,  where  he  was  ordained.  In  1863 
he  again  entered  the  faculty  of  Marietta  College, 
where  he  remained  until  partial  blindness  com- 
pelled him  to  retire.  Of  late  j'cars  lie  has  been 
living  with  his  son  at  Elyria,  0. 

Dr.  Adkins  has  been  an  industrious  writer.  In 
his  early  life  he  published  "What  is  Baptism?" 
and  in  his  later  years  "  Ecclesia ;  The  Church: 
Its  Polity  and  Fellowship,"  and  "The  Ages  to 
Come,  or  the  Future  States."  He  has  also  written 
Largely  for  newspapers  and  magazines. 

Adkins,  Frank,  A.M.,  son  of  the  preceding,  was 
born  at  Marietta,  0.,  Nov.  21,  1841.  Converted  at 
the  age  often,  during  revival  meetings  held  at  Up- 
per Alton,  III. :  baptized  two  years  later.  After 
preparatory  studies  at  ShurtlefT  and  Pierce  Acade- 
mies, and  collegiate  studies  at  Marietta,  0.,  gradu- 
ated at  Madison  University  in  1861.  After  gradu- 
ation engaged  in  teaching,  but  feeling  called  to 
preach  took  a  course  of  theological  study  at  Madi- 
son and  Rochester,  graduating  at  the  latter  place 
in  1806.  Same  year  settled  as  pastor  at  Akron, 
0.,  where  he  remained  two  and  a  half  years.  After 
a  short  period  of  missionary  work  became,  in  1870, 
pastor  of  the  First  church,  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  where 
he  remained  five  and  a  half  years,  when  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  resign.  For  two  years  after  this 
was  Professor  of  Greek  in  Central  University,  Pella, 
Iowa.  In  December,  1878,  he  became  pastor  at 
Elyria,  0.,  where  he  still  remains.  Mr.  Adkins  is 
a  scholarly  and  cultured  man,  and  ranks  very  high 
on  account  of  his  attainments  and  the  excellencies 
of  his  character. 

Adlam,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  bom  in  Bristol, 
England,  February,  1798.  He  was  ordained  at 
West  Dedham,  Mass.,  Nov.  3.  1824.  Having  been 
in  the  ministry  several  years,  he  felt  the  need  of  a 


ADmssiox 


13 


AFRICA 


more  extended  course  of  study  than  lie  had  been 
able  to  secure,  and  went  to  Newton,  where  he  re- 
mained for  four, years,  from  1X34  to  IH?>S.  His 
pastorates  have  been  in  West  Dedham.  Marblehcad, 
and  Gloucester,  Mass.  ;  Hallowell,  Duver.  and  Fox- 
croft,  Me.  ;  and  Newport,  R.  1.  lie  resi-ined  his 
pastorate  of  the  First  church  in  the  latter  place 
some  years  since. 
Admission  of  Members  into  the  Church.— 

Wlii'ii  a  man  desires  admission  into  an  orderly  Uap- 
tist  church,  he  is  carefully  examined  by  the  pastor 
or  some  other  judicious  brother  in  reference  to  his 
repentance  for  sin,  and  utter  helplessness  without  the 
Saviour's  grace ;  in  reference  to  his  faith  in  Jesus 
as  his  substitute  and  sacrifice  on  the  cross,  without 
whose  blood  his  sins  would  cling  to  him  forever; 
and  in  reference  to  his  knowledge  of  the  teach- 
ings of  God's  word.  He  is  instructed  in  the  great 
doctrines  of  the  trinity,  election,  the  offices  of 
the  three  sacred  persons,  depravity,  regeneration, 
atonement,  justiBcation,  providence,  final  perse- 
verance, and  believing  prayer.  Satisfied  that  the 
man  is  washed  by  faith  in  the  blood  of  the  Lamb 
and  saved,  the  pastor  brings  him  to  the  deacons, 
who  hear  from  him  an  account  of  (jod's  dealings 
with  his  soul.  Having  convinced  them  that  he  is 
a  child  of  God,  he  repeats  his  experience  at  a  week- 
night  service,  at  the  close  of  which  a  special  church- 
meeting  is  held,  and  a  resolution  is  passed  author- 
izing his  baptism  and  reception  into  the  church. 
After  baptism  he  is  formally  received  into  the  church 
by  the  right  hand  of  fellowship.  In  a  few  churches 
the  pastor,  just  before  giving  the  hand  of  fellow- 
ship, places  his  hands  upon  the  candidate's  head, 
and  tenderly  prays  for  him. 

Africa,  Mission  to. — In  his  admiralde  "  History 
of  American  Baptist  Missions"  Prof. (iammell  says, 
■'  No  one  of  the  missions  planted  by  the  Managers 
of  the  General  Convention  has  had  such  serious 
obstacles  to  encounter,  or  has  been  so  often  para- 
lyzed by  their  influence,  as  that  on  the  western  coast 
of  Africa.  Its  history  conducts  us  to  a  portion 
of  the  earth  pervaded  by  a  pestilential  climate, 
an<l  perpetually  ravaged  by  the  cupidity  of  civ- 
ilized man ;  to  a  race  degraded  by  the  barbarism 
and  wrongs  of  ages,  and,  by  common  consent,  long 
doomed  to  slavery  and  oppression  among  almost 
every  people  of  Christendom.  No  relics  of  a  de- 
parted civilization,  no  scenes  of  storied  events,  at- 
tract attention  to  this  gloomy  region.  No  hoary 
superstitions,  blending  with  the  rude  traditions  of 
an  elder  age,  lend  a  philosophic  interest  to  the 
people  who  inhabit  it.  It  presents  only  a  blank 
and  dreary  wa.ste  of  barbarism,  occupied  by  the 
lowest  and  most  aljcct  forms  of  humanity."  Since 
these  words  were  written,  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  ago,  a  new  interest  has  been  thrown  over 
this  dark  country   by  the  discoveries  of  modern 


travelers,  and  we  may  cherish  the  hope  that,  with 
the  advance  of  the  years,  Africa  will  become  as 
much  the  scene  of  missionary  activity  as  Asia  has 
been  during  the  p;ist  fifty  years. 

The  operatiims  of  -American  B.aptists  in  Africa 
have  been  confined  to  Liberia,  on  the  west  coast  of 
the  continent,  and  to  the  Ba.ssa  tribe  living  in  the 
territory.  Colonists  from  America  laid  the  foun- 
dations of  Monrovia,  now  the  capital  of  the  re- 
public of  Liberia,  in  1821.  Lott  Carey  and  Collin 
Teague,  two  colored  men  who  had  been  ordained 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  in  January,  1S21,  commenced 
their  missionary  labors  in  Monrovia  in  1822.  A 
church  was  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Carey  was  ap- 
pointed pastor.  His  decided  superiority  in  intel- 
lectual .ability  over  the  colonists  gave  him  great 
influence  in  the  new  settlement,  and  he  was  able, 
in  many  ways,  to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
people.  He  was  appointed  vice-agent  in  1820,  and 
in  1828  governor,  during  the  temporary  absence 
of  Mr.  Ashmun  to  the  United  States.  The  death 
of  Mr.  Carey  was  a  sad  blow  to  the  interests  of 
the  colony  and  the  church.  Two  white  mission- 
aries. Rev.  Calvin  llolton.  appointed  Jan.  24.  1826, 
and  Rev.  Benjamin  R.  Skinner,  appointed  Jan.  11, 
\KjO,  both  died  of  the  '"coast  fever,"  the  one  in 
1826  and  the  other  in  1831.  The  board  was  so 
discouraged  by  what  seemed  a  fatality  to  white 
men,  in  the  character  of  the  climate  of  the  west 
coast  of  Africa,  that  they  gave  up  the  hope  of  car- 
rying on  the  mission  through  any  other  agency 
than  that  of  colored  pre.achers  of  the  gospel.  Five 
years  elapsed  before  another  white  missionary  was 
sent  out  to  Africa.  Two  brethren  ofliered  to  go.  Rev. 
W.  G.  Crocker  and  Rev.  W.  Mylne,  and  they  were 
appointed  early  in  1835,  and  reached  the  field  of 
their  labors.  They  were  instructed  to  preach  among 
the  native  tribes,  and  it  was  decided  to  establish  a 
mission  at  Bassa  Cove,  with  the  hope  that,  from  this 
point  as  headquarters,  they  might  more  effectually 
teach  the  natives.  Schools  were  at  once  commenced 
at  Bassa  Cove,  Edina,  and  other  jdaces.  A  house 
of  worship  was  dedicated  at  Bassa  Cove  in  1836, 
where  Mr.  Mylne  pre.iched  until  a  pastor  was  set- 
tleil  in  the  following  year.  It  was  not  long  before 
the  insidious  malaria  of  West  Africa  so  afi"ected  the 
physical  system  of  Mr.  Mylne  that  he  was  obliged 
to  give  »ip  his  work,  and,  a  broken-down  man,  he 
returned  to  this  country  in  1838.  Mr.  Crocker  hail 
.a  better  constitution,  and  was  able  to  go  on  with 
his  work.  He  directeiJ  his  attention  to  the  work 
of  translation,  in  which  he  was  especially  success- 
ful. Rev,  Ivory  Clarke  and  his  wife  arrived  at  Edinn 
early  in  1838,  and  having  passed  safely  through  an 
attack  of  the  fever,  entered  upon  their  missionary 
labors  with  zeal.  In  1840,  Messrs.  Constantine 
and  Fielding,  with  their  wives,  offered  themselves 
to  the  board,  and  were  appointed  to  labor  among 


Aiy^Lif: 


14 


ALABAMA 


the  tribes  livinj;  farther  back  from  the  coast,  with 
the  hope  that  tlic  climate  would  prove  more  favor- 
able to  their  health  than  the  climate  of  the  coast. 
The  hope  was  not  realized.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fielding 
both  died  within  six  weeks  after  their  arrival.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  C'onstantine  were  so  completely  broken 
down  in  health  that  they  returned  to  this  country 
in  -June,  1.S42.  Mr.  Crocker  left  his  work  in  Africa 
a  year  preceding  the  return  of  Mr.  C'onstantine, 
and  came  to  the  United  States.  After  two  years' 
residence  here  he  returned  to  the  scene  of  his  former 
labors.  On  the  S.ibbath  after  his  arrival  in  Mon- 
rovia he  was  seized  with  a  sudden  illness,  and  in 
two  days  he  died.  His  wife,  after  a  year  or  two  of 
experience  of  missionary  life  on  this  treacherous 
coast,  returned  to  her  native  land.  Mr.  Clarke,  in 
his  turn,  fell  a  victim  to  disease,  dying  at  sea,  April 
4,  1S4S,  on  his  passaje  to  America. 

Ainslie,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  1709;  con- 
verted and  baptized  at  Sussex,  New  Brunswick,  in 
IS02.  lie  soon  commenced  preaching,  and  traveled 
ivs  an  evangelist  for  about  four  years.  He  was 
ordained  in  1>S06,  in  the  United  States,  and  resumed 
his  work  in  New  Brunswick.  In  1810  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Upper  Granville, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  so  continued  to  the  end  ;  evan- 
gelized, however,  very  extensively  in  Eastern  Xova 
Scotia:  was.  in  lf<2i^.  the  means  of  a  powerful  re- 
vival at  Aylesford.  He  died  at  St.  Andrew's,  New 
Brunswick,  Dec.  7,  1831,  in  the  zenith  of  his  power 
and  usefulness  as  a  minister  of  Christ,  especially 
owned  and  blessed  of  heaven. 

Aitchison,  John  Young,  D.D.,  the  pastor  of  tlie 
Baptist  church  in  Eau  Claire,  Wis.  lie  was  born 
in  Berwickshire,  Scotland,  July  5,  1S24.  He  was 
educated  in  Glasgow  University,  and  he  was  or- 
dained at  Paisley,  .Scotland,  in  1849.  lie  began 
his  work  in  the  ministry  at  Glasgow  the  same  year. 
He  has  had  successful  pastorates  in  Brooklyn. 
X.  Y.,  Waukesha,  Wis.,  Cedar  Uapids  and  Clin- 
ton, Iowa  ;  and  he  has  been  twice  settled  at  Eau 
Claire,  Wis.,  his  present  field  of  labor.  He  re- 
ceived the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.,  from  the  Cen- 
tral University  of  Iowa,  in  1878.  His  literary 
attainments  are  of  a  high  order.  He  occasionally 
speaks  from  the  platform  as  a  lecturer,  with  great 
acceptance. 

ALABAMA   BAPTISTS. 

Alabama. — "  Here  we  rest,"  the  Indi.an  significa- 
tion of  the  word.  It  is  reasonably  assumed  that 
this  region  was  visited  by  Ferdinand  de  Soto  in 
1539.  It  was  originally  part  of  what  is  known  in 
the  history  of  our  country  as  Mississippi  Territory. 
Some  settlements  were  made  in  that  porticm  of  the 
territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of  Mississippi 
before  the  American  Revolution  ;  but  Alabama 
continued  the  undisturbed  hunting-ground  of  sav- 


age aborigines  until  a  much  later  period.  At  the 
end  of  the  struggle  for  American  independence 
Georgia  claimed  this  vast  regiop,  and  exercised 
jurisdiction  over  it  as  her  "Western  Territory." 
In  1800  it  was  erected  into  a  territorial  government. 
In  180'2  Georgia  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  her 
western  territory  for  $1,250,00(1.  In  1817  the  terri- 
tory was  divided,  and  the  western  portion  was  au- 
thorized by  Congress  to  form  a  constitution,  and  it 
became  the  State  of  Mississippi.  The  eastern  por- 
tion w.as  then  formed  into  a  Territory,  and  received 
the  name  Alabama.  In  July,  1819,  a  convention 
of  delegates  assembled  in  Iluntsvillc  and  adopted 
a  .State  constitution,  which  being  approved  by 
Congress  the  December  following,  the  .State  of 
Alabama  was  admitted  as  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Union,  thenceforth  to  stand,  alphabetically, 
at  the  head  of  the  sacred  roll  of  the  United  States. 
As  the  vast  domain  of  the  united  and  independent 
.States,  protected  by  our  national  banner,  is  the 
Land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  oppressed, 
where  the  weary  of  every  land  come  and  find  civil 
and  ecclesiastical  ''rest,''  so  Alabama,  whether  by 
accident  or  by  Providence,  was  the  right  name  to 
be  placed  at  the  head  of  this  "  more  perfect  union." 
Alabama  Baptists,  History  of. — That  part  of 
this  .State  which  lies  north  of  the  Tennessee  Hiveu 
generally  known  as  "'  North  .Mabuma.  "  a  beautiful 
and  fertile  country,  was  settled  many  years  before 
any  other  considerable  section  of  the  State.  Madi- 
son County  of  that  region  was  the  first  to  receive 
the  civilization  of  thrifty  settlements,  and  in  the 
first  settling  of  that  county  there  were  some  Bap- 
tists. -John  Canterbery  and  Zadock  Baker  were 
the  first  Baptist  ministers  who  labored  in  this  wil- 
derness, and  Elder  -John  Nicholson  was  the  first 
p.istor  of  the  first  church  in  the  State,  or,  rather, 
in  the  Territory, — the  old  Flint  River  church,  a  few 
miles  northeast  of  Huntsville.  in  Madison  County, 
which  was  organized  at  the  house  of  James  Deaton. 
on  the  2d  of  October,  1N0.*<,  by  twelve  persons. 
The  beauty  of  the  country,  the  fertility  of  the  soil. 
the  excellent  springs  of  water,  the  ease  with  which 
partial  land-titles  were  procured,  combined  with 
many  other  influences,  soon  drew  a  large  popula- 
tion into  this  region,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years  a  number  of  Baptist  churches  were  formed. 
Worldly  inducements  brought  ministers,  as  other 
men,  into  this  inviting  country,  some  of  whom  held 
elevated  positions  in  the  estimation  of  the  people, 
and  here  they  lived  and  labored  until  they  finished 
their  course.  Of  these  early  North  Alabama  min- 
isters. Elders  R.  Shackleford.  W.  Eddiiis.  and  Ben- 
net  Wood  seem  to  have  been  the  most  distinguislied. 
About  the  same  time  Elders  .Jeremiah  Tucker. 
George  Tucker,  John  .Smith,  J.  C.  Latta,  and  J. 
Thompson  labored  in  the  same  region.  As  early 
as  the  26th  September,  1814.  the  first  Association 


ALABAMA 


15 


ALABAMA 


of  Alaljama  Baptists  was  organizcil. — the  Flint 
River  Association.  At  first  some  of  its  cliurches 
were  from  Tennessee. 

About  the  year  1808  some  Baptists  were  found 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  Territory,  near  the 
TomVjigbee  River,  in  Clarke  and  Washington 
Counties.  William  Cochran,  a  licensed  preacher 
from  Georgia,  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  in 
Clarke  County,  and  one  Mr.  (Jorhain  the  first  in 
Washington  County.  Elder  J.  Courtney  organized 
the  first  church  in  that  part  of  the  State  in  1810, — 
the  Bassett's  Creek  church,  the  second  in  the  Ter- 
ritory. It  has  for  many  years  been  connected  with 
the  Bethel  Association.  Dlder  Joseph  McGec  set- 
tled in  the  same  region  shortly  after  the  planting 
of  this  church,  and  was  much  esteemed  as  a  min- 
ister of  Christ.  About  the  year  1815  the  tide  of 
emigration  began  to  flow  into  South  and  West 
Alabama  from  almost  every  State  in  the  Union. 
With  this  flood  of  emigrants  a  number  of  able, 
zealous,  and  indefatigable  preachers  came.  There 
is  an  account  of  one  family  from  South  Carolina 
who  furnished  to  Alabama  and  Mississippi  in  those 
early  times  eight  or  ten  ministers  of  our  faith. 
Many  of  the  preachers  for  the  first  forty  years  of 
the  history  of  Alabama  often  made  extended  evan- 
gelistic tours,  pushing  the  outposts  of  the  Re- 
deemer's kingdom  farther  and  farther;  and  in  these 
pioneering  labors  churches  were  planted  in  most  of 
the  new  settlements,  and  existing  churches  were 
confirmed  in  the  faith.  It  has  been  common  from 
the  first  for  one  minister  to  serve  at  the  same  time 
.  several  churches.  This  is  still  the  case.  As  a 
result  pastoral  work  has  been  very  imperfectly 
performed.  The  early  ministers  of  Alabama  gen- 
erally received  little  support  from  the  churches, — 
in  many  cases  nothing ;  and  though  freiiuently 
they  were  in  straitened  circumstances,  thfty  were 
rich  in  faith,  and  many  of  them  mighty  in  the 
Scriptures,  and  rapid  and  enlarged  success  fol- 
lowed their  labors.  They  are  to  be  held  in  ever- 
lasting remembrance. 

In  1820  there  were  about  50  Baptist  churches  in 
.Alabama.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1821  there  were 
"0,  and  25U0  members.  In  1825  there  were  0  As- 
sociations, 128  churches,  70  ministers,  and  about 
5000  members.  In  1833  there  were  130  ministers, 
2-50  churches,  11,408  members.  In  1836  there  were 
333  churches,  188  ministers,  15.6.30  members.  In 
1840  there  were  30  Associations,  .500  churches,  .300 
ministers,  and  25,000  members,  4000  nf  whom  were 
baptized  the  previous  year.  Mr.  Ilolcombe,  the 
historian,  says,  "'  This  increase  is  without  a  parallel 
in  the  United  States,  and  perhaps  in  the  known 
world,  especially  in  modern  times."  In  the  years 
1838-39  extensive  revivals  were  experienced.  The 
churches  in  many  counties  of  the  State,  embracing 
all  Middle  Alabama,  received  the  power  of  the  Holy 


Ghost,  great  numbers  were  led  to  Christ,  and  many 
new  churches  were  planted.  Houses  for  the  wor- 
ship of  God  were  for  years  scarce  and  rude.  Large 
congregations  often  assembled  in  shady  groves  and 
anxiously  heard  the  gnspel  from  the  lips  of  the  men 
of  God,  and  many  churches  were  organized  in  such 
bowers  and  in  private  residences,  and  under  bush- 
arbors.  About  the  year  1830  the  churches  began 
to  build  better  houses  of  worship  than  those  which 
had  before  existed  in  the  State,  and  many  of  them 
were  an  honor  to  the  religion  of  a  new  country. 

Between  the  years  1835  and  1840  the  Baptists 
of  Alabama  had  their  greatest  troubles  with  the 
anti- missionaries. — a  strong  party  who  arrayed 
themselves  against  all  missionary  and  benevolent 
enterprises,  and  against  ministerial  education.  The 
contest  was  fierce  and  evil-spirited.  One  by  one 
the  Associations  and  churches  divided  until  division 
occurred  in  most  of  them.  Five  Associations  split 
asunder  in  1839.  The  enemies  of  missions  declared 
non-fellowship,  and  were  the  seceding  parties.  The 
missionary  churches  have  been  blessed  with  pros- 
perity. Retrogression  has  constantly  marked  the 
movements  of  the  opponents  of  missions. 

Total  numVjer  of  members  in  the  Baptist  churches 
of  the  State.  165,000. 

Alabama  Baptist  Convention.— The  Conven- 
tion was  formed  in  October,  1"<23,  at  Salem  church, 
near  Greensborough,  chiefly  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  the  Rev,  J,  A,  Ranaldson,  whocame  into 
the  State  frnm  LouiL-iana.  and  afterwards  relumed 
to  that  State,  At  the  organization  of  the  Conven- 
tion messengers  were  present  from  seven  missionary 
societies, — then  and  for  some  years  the  only  class 
of  bodies  that  sought  representation  ;  subseijuently 
and  at  present  it  was  and  is  composed  of  messen- 
gers from  churches.  Associations,  and  missionary 
societies.  At  the  first  session  fifteen  ministers  were 
appointed  from  different  parts  of  the  State  to  spend 
all  the  time  practicable  as  domestic  missionaries. 
For  ten  years  the  Convention  devoted  its  energies 
to  the  cause  of  missionary  work  within  the  State, 
with  occasional  contributions  of  money  to  other 
objects.  State  missions  and  ministerial  education 
were  the  first  otyects  of  this  Convention.  For  the 
first  fifteen  years  it  was  not  very  successful,  and 
had  to  contend  against  the  most  serious  hindrances 
that  an  extensive  and  fierce  nnti-missionary  spirit 
could  engender  J  a  number  of  the  strongest  of  our 
early  ministers  taking  that  side  of  the  great  effort 
(piestions  then  in  controversy,  they  hindered  the 
cause  very  much  :  the  great  majority  of  the  minis- 
ters who  claimed  to  be  missionary  Baptists  were 
entirely  neutral  on  these  matters.  But  there  were 
some  giants  in  those  days, —  noble  spirits  who  were 
every  way  worthy  of  their  high  calling :  men  who 
confronted  the  enemies  of  missions  and  every  other 
enemv,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  our  State  enter- 


ALABAMA 


If) 


ALABAMA 


prises  deep  down  on  the  solid  rock.  Such  were 
llosea  Ilolcombe,  Alexandor  Travis,  J.  McLoninrp. 
I).  Wiiiljonrne,  S.  Ulythe,  C.  Crow,  A.  G.  McCi-ow, 
•I.  I{yan,  and  a  nuinher  of  otlicrs  wlio  miglit  lie 
i^rateftiliy  mentioned  liere.  It  is  worthy  of  remark 
that  in  those  early  times  in  Alabama,  both  in  onr 
Associations  and  in  the  Convention,  decided  union 
and  sympathy  of  feeling  were  manifested  toward 
"the  Baptist  General  Convention  of  the  United 
States,"  and  handsome  snms  were  contributed  for 
foreign  missions,  and  especially  for  Dr.  Jiidson's 
Burmese  Bible.  The  benevolent  operations  of  the 
Convention  were  then  largely  carried  forward  by 
efficient  agents  who  were  appointed  by  the  body. 
It  was  at  the  tenth  session,  in  1S33.  at  Grant's 
Creek  church,  in  Tuskaloosa  County,  when  there 
were  only  four  deleftates  present  except  those  from 
the  immediate  vicinity,  that  the  ''onvention  took 
steps  to  start  an  educational  institution, — the  Man- 
ual Labor  Seminary, — which,  after  absorbing  al- 
most the  entire  attention  of  the  Convention,  was 
abandoned  in  about  five  years.  From  this  time 
onward  for  many  years  Revs.  B.  Manly,  J.  Hart- 
well.  I).  I'.  Bestor.  and  J.  II.  De  Votee  were  the 
great  preachers  who  constantly  attended  the  Con- 
vention, and  their  superiors  have  never  been  banded 
together  in  any  Southern  Baptist  Convention  ;  and 
in  their  day  a  nuiiiV)er  of  others,  scarcely  a  whit 
behind  them,  lived  in  Alabama,  and  regularly  met 
in  the  counsels  of  the  Convention.  And  besides 
these,  many  wealthy  planters,  intelligent  mer- 
chants, and  distinguished  lawyers  gave  the  meet- 
ings of  the  Convention  their  presence,  their  coun- 
sels, and  their  money.  This  happy  state  of  things 
continued  until  it  was  estoppeil  by  the  coming  in 
of  the  late  war  between  the  Xorth  and  South. 
After  the  failure  of  the  .Manual  Lal)or  School,  the 
Convention  returned  for  some  years  with  increased 
purpose  and  energy  to  the  work  of  State  evangeli- 
zation, and  to  assisting  young  men  to  obtain  an 
education  in  any  school  that  they  might  enter  to 
make  preparation  for  the  ministry.  It  was  about 
the  year  1.S42  that  the  Convention  entered  on  the 
incipient  work  which  finally  resulted  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  Howard  College  and  the  Judson  Fe- 
male Institute.  After  the  organization  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  the  location  of 
its  Domestic  Board  at  Marion,  Ala.,  the  Convention 
discontinued  the  work  of  State  evangelization,  e.x- 
cept  that  it  supported  the  work  as  carried  on  by 
the  General  Board  at  Marion.  Thenceforth  it  was 
an  important  part  of  the  State  Convention's  busi- 
ness to  foster  the  Boards  of  the  Southern  Conven- 
tion. This,  with  the  ab.sorbing  attention  which  it 
gave  to  its  own  institutions  of  learning,  and  to 
the  Southern  Theological  Seminary,  comprised  its 
business  for  the  second  twenty  years  of  its  exist- 
ence.    Howard  College  and  Judson  Institute  are 


the  property  of  the  Convention,  and  have  from  their 
beginning  occupied  very  much  of  its  deliberations 
•and  liberality.  In  ISTl  the  Convention  formed  a 
Sabbath-scliool  Board  as  a  .sort  of  compromise  with 
those  who  were  contending  for  a  system  of  State 
Missions.  In  1875  this  Board  was  changed  into  a 
State  Mission  Board.  In  these  directions  it  has 
done  a  vast  work,  which  is  joyously  recognized  by 
the  brotherhood  of  the  State.  Through  this  pro- 
visional period  the  Board  was  located  in  Talladega, 
with  Kov.  .1.  J.  D.  Hcnfroc.  D.D.,as  President,  and 
Rev.  T.  C.  Boykin  as  Sabbath  school  Kvangelist  for 
the  first  eighteen  months ;  after  which  the  Rev.  T. 
M.  Bailey  became  Evangelist  and  Corresponding 
Secretary,  a  position  which  he  still  holds  (188(1), 
and  in  which  he  has  maintained  first-class  efliciency. 
At  the  session  of  this  year  the  location  of  the  Board 
was  changed  to  Selma,  because  a  more  central 
place,  and  Rev.  W.  C.  Cleveland,  D.D.,  became  its 
president.  This  Board  now  has  in  charge  the  en- 
tire mission  work  of  Alabama  Baptists  as  auxiliary 
to  the  General  Boards,  with  an  effort  among  the 
colored  people,  the  work  of  colportage,  and  raising 
funds  for  ministerial  education  ;  all  this  in  addition 
to  its  immediate  work  of  State  evangelization.  Its 
work  has  taken  a  strong  hold  on  the  hearts  of  Ala- 
bama Baptists.  During  the  year  1879-80  it  had 
in  the  field  constantly  about  twenty  able  and  edi- 
cient  evangelists.  The  Convention  of  Alabama 
has  again  tieennie  a  very  able  body  of  Christian 
men  ;  with  a  powerful  ministry,  it  has  present  every 
year  a  number  of  the  leading  merchants  and  farm- 
ers, and  some  of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers 
and  civilians  of  the  State,  and  never  fails  to  make 
a  first-class  impression  on  the  community  at  large. 
So  far  as  can  now  be  ascertained  the  following 
have  been  the  presidents  of  the  Convention:  Rev. 
Charles  Crow,  at  its  organization ;  Rev.  Daiiiel 
Brown,  Rev.  Lee  Compere,  Rev.  J.  Ryan,  Rev. 
Ilosea  Holcombe,  for  six  sessions ;  Rev.  Jesse  Iliirt- 
well,  for  five  sessions ;  Rev.  Thomas  Chilton,  for 
five  sessions:  Chief-Justice  AV.  P.  Chilton,  Rev.  H. 
Talbird,  D.D.,  for  five  sessions  :  Rev.  A.  G.  McCrow, 
for  five  sessions:  Rev.  W.  II.  Mcintosh,  O.D., 
lion.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  LL.D.,  for  five  sessions,  Rev. 
S.  Henderson,  D.D.,  for  six  sessions  ;  and  thv  Hon. 
Jon.  Haralson,  for  seven  sessions, — the  present  in- 
cumbent. 

ALABAMA   BAPTIST   NEWSPAPERS. 

Alabama  Baptist. — In  the  year  1841,  Rev.  M. 
P.  Jewett  and  Rev.  J.  II.  De  Votee  established  the 
old  Alabama  Baptist  in  Marion,  under  the  editorial 
management  of  Mr.  Jewett.  He  w.as  succeeded  as 
editor  by  Rev.  J.  M.  Breaker  and  Rev.  A.  W. 
Chambliss.  Dr.  Chambliss  filled  this  position  foi- 
several  years  with  rare  ability,  and  changed  the 
name  of  the  paper  to  that  of  Soitt/iwestei-u  Bapti.il. 


ALABAMA 


17 


ALABAMA 


In  1852  it  was  placed  under  the  cditorsliip  of  Rev. 
S.  Henderson,  and  published  in  >Iontj;oniery  one 
vear,  when  it  was  moved  to  Tuske;;eo,  where  Dr. 
Ilcnilerson  was  pastor,  and  issued  from  that  place 
until  the  dose  of  the  late  war,  when  Pr.  Hender- 
son, by  Federal  authority,  was  placed  under  a 
twenty-tliousand-dullar  bond  not  to  publish  it  again, 
— it  had  been  a  strong  secession  organ.  This  bond 
led  to  its  consolidation  with  the  Christian  Index, 
of  Atlanta,  Ga.  From  time  to  time  Dr.  Henderson 
had  the  editorial  .assistance  of  Uev.  Albert  Wil- 
liams, Kev.  J.  M.  AVatt,  Uev.  J.  E.  Dawson,  D.I)., 
and  Kev.  H.  E.  'I'aliaferro,  the  latter  for  seven 
years.  It  was  a  paper  of  great  ability,  reached 
under  Dr.  Henderson  an  extensive  circulation,  and 
wielded  a  leading  influence.  After  it  was  merged 
into  tlie  Chrisliaii  Lidix  that  paper  was  for  eight 
years  recognized  as  the  organ  of  Alabama  Baptists. 
But  it  could  not  be  made  to  subserve  the  wants  of 
the  denomination  in  the  State. 

Alabama  Baptist. — In  1873-74  the  Convention 
of  Alabama.  l)v  its  Board  of  Directors,  started  the 
present  Alahama  Baptist  at  Marion,  with  Drs.  E. 
T.  Winkler,  J.  J.  D.  Renfroe,  E.  \i.  Teague,  and 
D.  W.  Gwin  .as  editors.  It  was  edited  gratuitously 
for  four  years.  In  1878  the  Convention  transferred 
the  paper  to  Dr.  Winkler  and  Rev.  J.  L.  West. 
Mr.  West  has  since  become  sole  proprietor,  with 
Drs.  Winkler  and  Renfroe  as  editors.  The  paper 
gives  universal  satisfaction  to  the  lirotherhood,  and 
is  contributing  efficiently  to  the  development  and 
unification  of  the  Baptists  in  all  their  enterprises. 
It  now  issues  from  Selma. 

Baptist  Correspondent. — For  a  few  years  prior 
to  the  war  the  late  venerable  Dr.  W.  C.  Buck  and 
his  son,  the  Rev.  C.  AV.  Buck,  jiublished  in  Marion 
the  above-named  paper,  which  was  an  earnest  and 
vigorous  controversial  paper. 

Baptist  Pioneer.— A  spirited  paper  now  pul> 
lished  in  Selma  for  colored  Baptists,  with  Rev.  W. 
H.  McAlpine  as  editor. 

Christian  Herald. — Published  soon  after  the 
war,  and  for  several  years  at  Tuskunibia,  with 
Rev.  Joseph  Shackelford,  D.D.,  as  editor.  A  paper 
of  much  merit ;  had  it  been  published  south  of  the 
mountains  it  must  have  succeeded.  It  was  re- 
moved to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  afterwards  merged 
into  the  Christian  Index. 

Southwestern  Baptist  Pioneer.— In  1S34  the 
Rev.  William  Wood,  M.D.,  started  a  paper  of  the 
above  name  in  Jacksonville.  It  was  the  first  Bap- 
tist paper  in  the  State.  Published  only  a  year  or 
two.  In  1838  the  Rev.  George  F.  Heard  published 
a  Baptist  paper  in  Mobile  for  a  short  time. 

Alabama  Central  Female  College.— This  in- 
stitution is  located  in  the  city  of  Tuscaloosa,  and 
occupies  the  buildings  of  the  former  State  Capitol, 
which  are  singularly  well  adapted  to  their  present 


u.sc,  and  are  worth  at  least  $1.50,000.  The  Baptists 
hold  a  lease  of  ninety-nine  years  on  this  property, 
with  no  other  obligation  than  to  keep  it  in  order 
and  maintain  a  female  school  in  it.  The  college 
has  now  existed  more  than  twenty-five  years,  and 
has  reached  a  high  reputation,  and  is  destined  to 
still  greater  prosperity.  Prof.  A.  K.  Yancey,  the 
present  president  of  the  college,  is  giving  entire 
satisfaction  and  increasing  its  fame. 

Alabama,  Several  Educational  Enterprises 
of. — The  T.\i,i,auei;.v  Baptist  .M.ii.e  Hioii  Sciiooi,, 
erected  thirty  3ears  ago  bv  the  Coosa  River  Bap- 
tist Association  at  a  cost  of  5^30,000.  Lost  by  in- 
debtedness. Now  a  Congregational  school  for  col- 
ored people. 

Mofi.TON  College,  at  Moulton,  Ala.,  a  flourish- 
ing school  before  the  war.  It  is  not  prosperous 
now. 

The  Baptist  IIioii  School,  at  Lafayette,  is  an 
old  and  good  institution. 

South  Alabama  Female  Institute,  at  Green- 
ville, is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  with  Prof.  J.  M. 
Thigpen  for  president. 

Male  High  School,  at  the  same  place,  is  also  in 
prosperity,  with  Prcif.  (i.  W.  Thigpen  for  principal. 

The  Southeast  Alabama  IIiuh  School  for  some 
years  did  well  under  the  control  of  the  late  Gen- 
eral Association  of  that  part  of  the  State,  but  has 
been  discontinued. 

Alabama  Colored  Baptists.— Before  their  lib- 
eration from  slavery  tlic  great  body  of  colored 
Baptists  in  this  State  held  churih  membership  in 
the  same  churches  with  the  whites,  having  the 
same  pastor  and  worshiping  in  the  same  house. 
Nearly  all  houses  of  worship  had  an  apartment 
for  the  colored  people,  which  was  uniformly  well 
filled.  Where  they  were  numerous  they  had  a 
separate  service  in  the  afternoon  of  the  Sabbath, 
when  the  pastor  preached  to  them.  In  such  cases 
they  were  virtually  a  separate  church.  This  state 
of  things  continued  for  a  short  time  after  they  be- 
came free.  They  soon  began  to  show  a  disposition 
to  get  away  into  organizations  of  their  own.  and 
this  was  encour.aged  by  the  whites.  •  Most  of  their 
churches  were  formed  and  their  officers  ordained 
by  white  pastors,  and  the  whites  assisted  them  to 
erect  houses  of  worship.  The  colored  people  have 
ever  had  a  strong  tendency  to  Baptist  sentiments. 

Convention. — Their  State  Convention  was  organ- 
ized Dec.  17.  18GS.  There  were  32  churches  rep- 
resented and  60  delegates  present.  Churches  had 
then  been  constituted  in  all  the  leading  towns  and 
cities  in  the  State ;  there  were  then  about  50  col- 
ored churches  in  Alabama,  but  there  had  as  yet 
been  no  Association  formed.  Steps  were  taken  by 
the  Convention  to  influence  the  organization  of  the 
churches  into  Associations,  and  by  the  session  in 
1875  there  were  about  20  Associations.     Churches 


ALBANY 


18 


ALBWENSES 


were  then  forminj;  in  all  parts  of  the  State  where 
they  had  sufficient  nuniliers.  There  are  now  50 
Associations,  600  churches,  and  700  ordained 
preachers,  with  a  great  many  licontiati'S,  and 
ahout  90,000  members.  They  own  i^li'iO.1 100  worth 
of  ehurch  property,  and  school  property  in  Selnia 
which  they  estimate  at  Slo.OOO.  They  liave  a 
"normal  and  theological  school"  in  that  city  in  a 
flourishinj^  condition,  with  Kev.  Mr.  Woodsmall  as 
president.  In  locating  this  institution  they  pur- 
chased and  paid  for  the  Selma  Fair-(iround  with 
its  buildings,  at  a  cost  of  S.'JOOO.  It  is  valuahli' 
property  and  could  not  be  better  located.  It  is 
owned  and  managed  by  their  State  Convention. 
They  also  have  an  educational  association,  which 
meets  in  connection  witli  the  Convention. 

Albany,  Emmanuel  Baptist  Church  of.— The 
noble  edihee  of  the  Emmaimtd  church  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  Almighty 
(lod  in  Fela-uary,  XSIX.  The  elnirch  proper  is  110 
feet  deep  and  8 1  feet  wide.  The  church  and  chajiel 
tQf;cther  are  157  feet  deep.  The  chapel  is  HO  feet 
deep  and  47  feet  wide.  The  spire  is  234  feet  high. 
The  church  seats  1400  persons.  The  house  and  lot 
cost  $203,680,  and  no  debt  rests  upon  the  structure 
or  its  site. 

Albigenses,  The,  received  this  name  from  the 
town  of  Albi,  in  France,  in  and  around  which 
many  of  them  lived.  The  Albigenses  were  called 
Cathari,  Paterines,  Publicans,  Paulicians,  Good 
Men,  Bog uniles,  and  they  were  known  by  other 
names.  They  were  not  Waldenses.  'I'hoy  were 
Paulicians,  either  directly  from  the  East,  or  con- 
verted through  the  instrumentality  of  those  who 
came  from  the  earlier  homes  of  that  people. 

The  Paulicians  were  summoned  into  existence 
by  the  Spirit  of  God  about  a.d.  OliO.  Their  founder 
was  named  Constantine.  The  reading  of  a  New  Tes- 
tament, left  him  by  a  stranger,  brought  him  to  the 
Saviour.  He  soon  g.atbered  a  church,  and  his  con- 
verts speedily  collected  others.  Armenia  was  the 
scene  of  his  labors.  They  were  denounced  as 
Manicheans,  though  they  justly  denied  the  charge. 
They  increased  rapidly,  and  in  process  of  time 
persecution  scattered  them.  In  the  ninth  century 
many  of  them  were  in  Thrace,  Bulgaria,  and  Bos- 
nia: and,  later  still,  they  became  very  numerous 
in  these  new  fields,  especially  in  Bosnia.*  Indeed, 
such  a  host  had  they  become  that  in  1238  Coloman, 
the  brother  of  the  king  of  Hungary,  entered  Bos- 
nia to  ilestroy  the  heretics.  Gregory  IX.  congratu- 
lated him  upon  liis  success,  but  lived  to  learn  that 
the  Bogomiles  were  still  a  multitude.  A  second 
crusade  led  to  further  butchery,  but  the  blood  of 
martyrs  was  still  the  seed  of  the  church,  and  they 
continued  a  powerful  body  until  the  conquest  of 


*  Evans's  Bosnia,  Jip.  3(1,  :J7,  42,     Loniluii,  ISTd. 


their  country  by  the  Turks,  in  1463.  There  wjis 
direct  communication  between  these  Bogomiles  and 
the  Albigenses  in  France.  Matthew  Parisf  tells  us 
that  the  heretic  Albigen.ses  in  the  provinces  of  Bul- 
garia, Crotia,  and  l>alnuvtia  elected  Bartholomew 
as  their  pope,  that  Albigenses  came  to  him  from 
all  quarters  for  information  on  doubtful  matters, 
and  that  he  had  a  vicar  who  was  born  in  Carcas- 
sone,  and  who  lived  near  Thoulou.se. 

At  an  early  period  the  Paulicians  entered  Italy 
and  establishe<l  powerful  communities,  especially 
in  .Milan.  They  sprc.id  over  Fratice,  (icrmany,  and 
other  countries.  In  the  eleventh  century  they  were 
to  be  found  in  almost  every  (piarter  of  Europe. 
St.  Bernard,  in  the  twelfth  century,  says  of  them  : 
"  If  you  interrogate  them  about  their  faith  nothing 
can  be  more  Christian,  if  you  examine  into  their 
conversation  nothing  can  be  more  blameless,  and 
what  they  say  they  cimfirm  by  their  deeds.  As 
for  what  regards  life  and  manners,  they  attack  no 
one,  they  circumvent  noone,  they  defraud  no  one." 
Ueinerius  Saceho  belonged  to  the  Cathari  (not  the 
AValdenses,  he  was  never  a  member  of  that  com- 
munity) for  seventeen  years,  lie  was  afterwanis 
a  Homish  inquisitor,  and  be  describes  his  old 
friends  and  the  Waldcnses,  in  1254,  in  these  words: 
"  Heretics  iire  distinguished  by  their  n)anners  and 
their  worils,  for  they  are  sedate  and  modest  in 
their  manners.  They  have  no  pride  in  clothes,  for 
they  wear  such  as  are  neither  costly  nor  mean. 
They  do  not  carry  on  business  in  order  to  avoid 
falsehoods,  oaths,  and  frauds,  but  only  live  by  labor 
as  workmen.  Their  teachers  also  are  shoemakers 
and  weavers.  They  do  not  multiply  riches,  but 
are  content  with  what  is  necessary,  and  they  arc 
chaste,  especially  the  Leonists,  They  are  also  tem- 
perate in  meat  and  drink.  They  do  not  go  to  tav- 
erns, dances,  or  other  vanities."'  The  Leonists  were 
the  followers  of  I'etcr  Waldo,  of  Lyons,  the  Wal- 
dcnses, as  distinguished  from  his  own  old  sect,  the 
All)igenses.  Keinerius  then  proceeds  to  charge 
these  men  who  shun  business  to  avoid  falsehoods 
with  hypocrisy.  No  body  of  men  could  receive  a 
better  character  than  St.  Bernard  and  the  inquisitor 
give  these  enemies  of  the  Church  of  Home,  and  no 
community  cnuld  be  more  wickedly  abused  by  the 
same  men  than  these  identical  heretics.  For  some 
centuries  the  Albigenses  figure  universally  in  his- 
tory as  externally  the  purest  and  liest  of  men,  and 
secretly  as  guilty  of  horril)le  crimes,  such  as  the 
pagans  charged  upon  the  early  Christians. 

Ueinerius  mentions  several  causes  for  the  spread 
of  heresy.  His  second  is  that  all  the  nuMi  an<l 
women,  small  and  great,  day  and  night,  do  not  cease 
to  learn,  and  they  are  continually  eng.aged  in  teach- 
ing what  they  have  acquired  themselves.    Ills  third 

+  Jliittlicw  Talis  at  A.n.  1223. 


EMMASl  i;i,     ItAl'TIST     I    II  I    Kl    II,    Al.UANV.    N .    V. 


ALBIGKXSES 


2() 


ALBIGENSES 


cause  for  the  existence  and  »|ir('ad  of  heresy  is  the 
translation  and  cii'euhilion  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  into  the  vulgar  tongue.  These  they 
learned  themselves  and  tauiiht  to  others.  Keinerius* 
was  acquainted  with  a  rustic  layman  who  repeated 
the  whole  book  of  Joh,  and  with  many  who  knew 
perfectly  the  entire  New  Testament.  He  irives  an 
account  of  many  schools  of  the  heretics,  the  ex- 
istence of  which  he  learned  in  the  trials  of  the  In- 
quisition. Assuredly  these  friends  of  light  and  of 
a  Bilile  circulated  everywhere  were  worthy  of  the 
curses  and  tortures  of  men  like  Iteinerius  and  lordly 
bigots  like  St.  IJernard,  In  a  council  held  at  Thou- 
louse  in  ll22',)  the  Scriptures  in  the  language  of  the 
people  were  first  prohibited.  The  Albigenses  sur- 
viving the  horrid  massacre  of  the  Pope's  murderous 
crusaders  were  forbidden  to  have  the  '"  books  of  the 
Old  or  New  Testament,  unless  a  Psalter,  a  lirevianj, 
and  a  Rosary,  and  they  forba<le  the  translation  in 
the  vulgar  tongue."  No  doubt  many  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  council  supjiosed  that  the  Breviary  and 
Rosary  were  inspired  as  well  as  the  Psalter. 

Reinerius  gives  a  cataJogtie  of  the  doctrines  of 
the  Oathari,  which  corresponds  with  the  list  of 
heresies  charged  against  them  for  two  hundred 
years  before  he  wrote  by  popes,  bishops,  and  eccle- 
siastical gatherings,  the  substance  of  which  has 
no  claim  upon  our  credulity,  though  some  of  the 
forms  of  expression  nmy  have  been  used  by  certain 
of  these  venerable  worthies. 

Reineriust  says  that  the  Cathari  had  10  churches, 
the  church  of  the  Albanenses,  or  of  Sansano, 
of  Contorezo,  nf  Baguolenses,  or  of  Bagnolo,  of 
Vincenza,  or  of  the  Marquisate,  of  Florence,  of 
the  Valley  of  Spoleto,  of  France,  of  Thou  louse,  of 
Cahors,  of  Albi,  of  Sclavonia,  of  the  Latins  at  Con- 
stantinople, of  the  Greeks  in  the  same  city,  of 
Philadelphia,  of  Bulgaria,  and  of  Dugranicia.  He 
says,  "  They  all  derive  their  origin  from  the  two 
last."  That  is,  they  are  all  Paulicians,  originally 
from  Armenia.  He  says  that  "  the  churches  num- 
ber 4000  Cathari,  of  both  sexes,  in  all  the  world, 
but  believers  innumerable."  By  churches  we  are 
to  understand  communities  of  the  Perfect  devoted 
to  ministerial  and  missionary  labor.  The  Believers 
in  the  time  of  Heincrius  were  counted  liy  millions. 

Upon  infant  baptism  the  Albigenses  had  very 
decided  opinions.  Acouncil|  held  in  Thoulouse  in 
1119,  undoubtedly  referring  to  them,  condemns  and 
expels  from  the  church  of  God  those  who  (lut  on 
the  apjKJarance  of  religion  and  condemned  the  sac- 
rament of  the  body  and  the  blood  of  the  Lord  and 
the  liaptixm  of  chililnn. 

At  a  meeting  of"  archbishops,  bishops,  and  other 
pious  men"  at  Thoulouse,  in  1176,  the  Albigen- 

*  Bililiotlima  ratiuni,  torn.  iv.  p.  ii.,  Coll.  740. 
t  Pii  I'iiii!  Ei-rl«.  Ilisl.,  ii.  450.  Dublin. 
J  Du  Pin,  ii.  302. 


ses  were  condemned  on  various  pretests.  Roger  De 
Hoveden,^  a  learned  Knglishnnin,  who  commenced 
to  write  his  "Annals"  in  1189,  gives  a  lengthy  ac- 
count of  this  meeting.  He  says  that  Gilbert,  bishop 
of  Lyons,  by  commanil  of  the  bishop  of  Albi  and 
his  assessors,  condemned  these  persons  as  heretics; 
and  the  third  reason,  ac<H)iding  to  Hoveden,  given 
by  Gilbert  for  his  sentence  was  that  they  would  not 
save  children  by  baptism,  lie  also  preserves  a 
"  Letter  of  Peter,  titular  of  St.  Chrysogonus,  Car- 
dinal, Priest,  and  Legate  of  the  Apostolic  See," 
written  in  117S,  in  which,  speaking  of  the  Albi- 
genses, he  says,  "Others  stoutly  maintained  to 
their  faces  that  they  had  heard  from  them  that  bap- 
tism was  of  no  use  to  infants."  Collier||  gives  the 
meaning  of  Hoveden  correctly  when  he  represents 
him  as  stating,  in  reference  to  the  Albigenses, 
"These  heretics  refused  to  own  infant  liaptisin.'' 
Evervinus,  in  a  letter  to  St.  Bernard,  speaking  evi- 
dently nf  Albigenses,  in  Cologne,  in  1 147,  and  con- 
sequently before  the  convei-sion  of  Peter  Waldo, 
says,  "  They  do  not  believe  infant  baptism,  alleging 
that  place  of  the  gospel,  'Whosoever  shall  believe 
and  be  baptized  shall  bo  saved.' "  Eckbert,  in 
1160,  in  his  work  against  the  Cathari,  written  in 
thirteen  discourses,  says  in  the  first,  "  They  say 
that  baptism  profits  nothing  to  children  who  are 
baptized,  for  they  cannot  seek  baptism  by  them- 
selves, because  they  can  make  no  profession  of 
faith." 

The  Paulicians  received  their  name  because  they 
were  specially  the  discfples  of  the  Apostle  Paul. 
They  were  established  as  a  denomination  by  a  gift 
of  the  Scriptures  to  their  founder,  through  which 
he  received  Christ,  became  a  mighty  teacher,  and 
gathered  not  converts  simply,  but  churches. 

At  the  great  trial  in  Thoulouse  in  1176  they 
would  nut  accept  anything  as  an  authority  but  the 
New  Testament.  Throughout  their  wide-spread 
fields  of  toil  from  Armenia  to  Britain,  and  from 
one  end  of  Europe  to  the  other,  and  throughout 
the  nine  hundred  years  of  their  heroic  suflerings 
and  astonishing  successes,  they  have  always  shown 
supreme  reganl  for  the  Word  of  God.  If  these 
men,  coming  from  the  original  cradle  of  our  race, 
journeying  through  Thrace,  Bulgaria,  Bosnia, 
Italy,  France,  and  Germany,  and  visiting  even 
Britain,  were  not  Baptists,  they  were  very  like 
them. 

If  all  the  wicked  slanders  about  them  were  dis- 
carded it  would  most  probably  be  found  that  some 
of  them  had  little  in  common  with  us,  but  that  the 
majority,  while  redundant  and  deficient  in  some 
things  as  measured  by  Baptist  doctrines,  were  sub- 
stantially on  our  platform.     This  position  about 

?  Annals  of  Roger  De  Hnvorteii,  I.  427,  480.  Londou,  1853. 

I  Collier's  Ecclcs.  Hist.,  ii.  338.  Liiniloii,  1840. 


ALBRirroN 


21 


ALOIS 


the  Piiulicians  of  the  East  is  ably  defended  by  Dr. 
L.  P.  Brockett  in  "  The  Boftomils."' 

Albritton,  Rev.  J.  T.,  was  bDi-n  in  Greene  Co., 
N.  C,  Jan.  2(3,  183(3:  baptized  by  Rev.  .1.  D.  Coiil- 
ling;  ordained  in  18.i6.  Is  an  able  and  useful 
minister  ;  was,  and  is  now,  pastur  of  Selnia  and 
other  churehes. 

Alden,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Ashfield,  Mass., 
Jan.  10,  1,S0(3,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Amherst  Col- 
lege, in  the  class  of  1.S.31.  lie  took  a  course  of 
tlieologieal  study  at  N<nvton,  which  he  completed 
in  18.33,  and  was  ordained  the  same  year  at  Shel- 
burne  Falls,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  fur  seven 
years, — from  1833  to  1840.  llis  next  settlement 
was  at  North  Adams,  Mass.  lie  was  the  pastor 
of  the  church  in  this  place  for  five  years,  and  of 
the  church  at  Fayville  two  years.  In  1848  he  re- 
moved to  Westficld,  Mass.,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  there  five  years.  Subsenuently  he  removed 
to  Windsor,  Vt.  For  several  years  he  was  an  agent 
of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and 
of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Sir. 
Alden  retired  from  active  service  some  years  since, 
and  now  resiiles  in  Providence,  11.  I. 

Alden,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Middlcborough, 
Mass.,  Jlay  30,  ITli.i.  On  his  father's  side  he  wa.s 
a  lineal  descendant  from  John  Alden,  famous  in 
the  early  annals  of  the  Pilgrims  of  Plymouth. 
Both  himself  and  wife  lieeame  members  of  the 
Congregational  church  in  .Stafford,  Conn.,  whither 
they  had  removed.  He  changed  his  sentiments  on 
the  mode  and  subjects  of  Cliristian  baptism  in  175.3, 
and  became  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church.  Feel- 
ing it  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  w.is  or- 
dained at  Stafford  on  the  .'ith  of  .June,  17").i,  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  for 
ten  years.  In  1766  he  was  installed  as  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Bellingham,  Mass.,  where  his  minis- 
try was  attended  with  the  Divine  blessing. 

Mr.  Alden  was  active,  not  only  in  his  special  vo- 
cation as  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  but  as  a  delegate 
from  Bellingham  to  the  State  Convention;  he  did 
giiod  service  in  drafting  a  constitution  for  the  State 
of  M.assachusetts,  pleading  especially  the  cause  of 
religious  liberty.  lie  performed  also  other  accepta- 
ble service  as  a  public  man.  As  a  wise  counselor 
he  was  often  called  to  adjust  difficulties  in  churches, 
and  to  assist  in  the  e.'janiination  and  ordination  of 
candidates  for  the  Christian  ministry.  Mr.  Alden 
died  May  o,  17'.<7.  "  He  was,"  says  Dr.  A.  Fisher, 
"  for  many  years  one  of  our  most  distinguished  and 
honored  ministers,  and  his  name  deserves  to  be  held 
in  grateful  remembrance.'' 

Alden,  'William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.  He  graduated  at  Bmwn  Univer- 
sity in  the  class  of  1849,  and  at  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institute  in  the  class  of  18.J2.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  North  Attlebor- 


ough,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  from  18,^2  to 
18.57.  He  was  then  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Lowell,  ofliciating  there 
from  18.57  to  18t)4.  For  four  years  he  was  pastor 
of  the  'J'abernacle  church  in  Albany.  He  removed 
to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  in  1868,  and  has  been  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  city  down  to 
the  present  time. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Alden  by  Colby  University  in  1873. 

Alderson,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  New  .lersey, 
Marih  5,  17o.s,  and  was  the  first  Baptist  minister 
that  visited  the  southern  part  of  AVest  A'irginia. 
As  early  as  1777  he  settled  on  Greenbrier  River, 
in  Greenbrier  County,  near  the  present  site  of  the 
town  of  Alderson.  Owing  to  the  hostility  of  the 
Indians,  he  and  his  neighbors  were  compelled,  at 
times,  to  take  shi'lter  in  a  fort  on  AVolf  Creek,  and 
much  of  the  time  he  followed  the  plow  with  his 
rifle  swinging  by  his  side.  He  commenced  preach- 
ing in  the  forts,  and  in  the  houses  of  the  settlers. 
In  1781  the  Greenbrier  church  was  organized  with 
12  members,  and  as  this  was  the  fourth  church 
in  what  is  now  the  .State  of  West  Virginia,  its  field 
included  a  large  portion  of  the  State.  Jlr.  Aider- 
son  labored  as  a  minister  for  seven  years  without 
seeing  another  Baptist  preacher.  Though  he  lived 
at  this  early  day,  and  comparatively  isolated  in  his 
home,  he  was  an  enthusiastic  missionary;  doing 
mucli  personal  work,  and  urging  his  brethren  to 
spread  the  gospel  over  the  State.  He  was  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures,  a  good  preacher,  a  wise  counselor, 
and  an  untiring  worker.  He  died  March  5,  1821, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-three  years,  in  great 
peace,  and  his  body  now  sleeps  in  the  cemetery  ad- 
joining the  (ireenbrier  church.  His  influence  lives 
among  his  descendants  and  others  to-day. 

Aldis,  John,  one  of  the  most  eminent  English 
preachers  of  the  pre.sent  time,  but  now  retired  from 
stated  ministerial  service,  studied  at  Horton  Col- 
lege, Bradford,  and  commenced  his  ministry  at 
Manchester  in  1829.  During  his  first  pastorate  he 
established  his  reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator  of 
rare  gifts,  and  attracted  a  large  circle  of  cultivated 
hearers.  After  seven  years'  pastoral  service  at 
Manchester,  he  was  invited  to  take  the  oversight 
of  the  church  at  Maze  Pond,  London,  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  influential  Baptist  churches  of  the 
metropolis.  Here  Mr.  Aldis  labored  with  distin- 
guished ability  and  success  seventeen  years,  and 
then  removed  to  Reading.  At  the  close  of  fifteen 
years'  ministry  at  Reading,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  church  at  Plymouth,  where  he  labored  for 
nearly  eight  years,  closing  an  active  life  of  upwards 
of  forty-seven  years  of  uninterrupted  public  service 
in  Mav,  1877.  During  this  long  period  Mr.  Aldis 
enjoyed  almost  unbroken  health,  and  was  abundant 
in  labors.     His  chastened  and  Tigorous  eloquence, 


ALU  men 


ALLEN 


Ills  liij;h  culture,  nnd  jjenerous  pulilic  spirit  earlj- 
(ilaced  liiin  iti  the  lirst  rank  of  the  leaders  of  the 
denoiiiination.  He  was  president  of  llie  Baptist 
Union  in  llSt'itJ.  Three  of  his  sons  have  distin- 
guished themselves  at  Camhridjie  University,  the 
eldest,  Mr.  AVilliam  Steadinan  Aldis,  lieinj;  senior 
wrangler  in  1>S(')1.  Tliis  was  the  first  time  in  the 
history  of  the  university  that  a  noii-eonformist  stu- 
dent had  won  the  honor.  Mr.  W .  S.  .\ldis's  suc- 
cess, and  his  suliscijuent  steadfast  adhesion  to  Bap- 
tist principles  (whicli  involved  the  forfeiture  of  the 
valuable  prizes  l)estowcd  upon  u  senior  wrangler), 
largely  contributed  to  the  abolition  of  religious  te.st.s 
in  the  universities,  and  the  opening  of  the  college 
fellowships  and  other  lucrative  honors  to  non-con- 
foriuists  as  well  as  to  the  nienibors  of  tlie  Estab- 
lished Church. 

Aldrich,  Rev.  Byron  L.,  I'orn  in  Thompson, 
Conn.,  in  11S49,  received  a  thorough  education,  be- 
came a  fine  linguist,  a  master  of  seven  languages, 
graduated  at  Chicago  University  in  1S73,  entered 
the  ministry,  and  located  in  California,  where  he 
liecame  pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  San  Francisco, 
the  Napa,  ami  Nevada  City  churches.  He  is  a 
preacher  of  much  aliility,  hut  his  thorough  classi- 
cal tr.aining  fitted  him  for  the  duties  of  instructor. 
He  held  for  some  time  an  important  position  in  one 
of  the  San  Francisco  high  schools,  and  was  two 
years  Professor  of  Modern  Languages  in  California 
College.     He  is  now  pastor  at  Nevada  Citj'. 

Aldrich,  Rev.  Jonathan,  was  born  at  St.  .Johns- 
bury,  Vt.,  Sept.  2,  IT'JU.  He  pursued  his  prepara- 
tory studies  at  Peacham,  Vt.,  and  with  his  uncle, 
Kev.  Dr.  Abial  Fisher,  then  residing  in  Bellingham, 
Mass.  So  far  was  he  advanced  in  his  studies  that 
he  was  able  to  enter  the  Sophomore  class  in  Brown 
'  University  in  lK2.i.  He  graduated  in  182fi,  and 
having  spent  a  year  in  theological  study  at  Newton, 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
West  Dedham,  in  January,  182H.  Subsequently, 
he  had  short  pastorates  in  East  Cambridge,  Mass., 
AVorcestcr,  Mass.,  Newhuryport,  Mass.,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  Middleborough, 
Mass.  In  1S5:{  he  was  appointed  an  agent  by  the 
Missionary  Union  to  collect  funds  for  foreign  mis- 
sions. He  continued  in  the  employ  of  the  society 
until  his  death,  a  period  of  about  nine  years.  He 
was  a  settled  pastor  for  twenty-five  years,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  as  an  active,  zealous  worker  in  the 
cause  of  his  Master.     His  death  occurred  on  .Jan. 

19.  isi;2. 

Allen,  Hon.  Alanson,  was  b<>vn  in  Bristol,  Vt., 
Aug.  22,  18tlO.  He  lived  twenty  years  after  cher- 
ishing a  hope  in  Christ  l)efore  he  made  a  public  pro- 
fession of  his  faith  in  the  Redeemer,  .\fter  residing 
some  years  in  Bristol,  he  removed  to  Hartford, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  eight  years  eng.aged  in 
mercantile    business.     In    1S36    he   went   to  Fair 


Haven,  Vt.,  which  was  his  homo  through  the  rest 
of  his  life.  Commencing  business  in  a  somewhat 
humble  way.  he  went  on  year  after  year  enlarging 


IIO.S.    .M..\.SSO.N    .V1.I,E.N'. 

his  operations,  making  a  specially  of  quarrying  the 
slate  of  the  region  in  which  lu^  lived,  which,  under 
the  different  forms  of  roofing  and  school  slate,  found 
its  way  into  the  markets  of  the  country.  He  then 
went  into  the  marble  business,  and  developed  the 
famous  quarries  of  AVest  Rutland,  Vt.  After  some 
years  he  retired  from  the  marlile  business  and  again 
resumed  his  old  occupation  of  slate-(|uarrying. 

Mr.  Allen,  from  intelligent  conviction,  was  a  de- 
cided Baptist,  and  took  the  liveliest  interest  in  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  prosperity  of  his  denom- 
ination. He  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  the  State  Convention,  and  everywhere  recognized 
in  Vermont  as  a  firm  and  liberal  Baptist.  As  might 
be  supposed,  he  was  a  friend  to  all  good  causes. 
The  prosperity  of  the  town  in  which  he  lived  was 
largely  due  to  his  enterprise.  He  was  a  public- 
spirited  citizen,  ready  to  second  any  plan  devised 
for  its  welfare.  Twice  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  .Senate,  two  years  each  time.  He  was  also 
assistant  judge  for  a  time,  and  one  of  the  State's 
I'residcntial  electors  for  President  (irant's  second 
term.     Ilis  death  occurred  Sept.  5,  ll^iT^. 

Allen,  Rev.  Hogan,  missionary  of  the  General 
Association  of  Southeast  Arkansas,  was  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1829  :  came  to  .\rkansas  in  1851 : 
united  with  the  Methodists,  and  was  a  preacher  in 
that  connection  from  1S")N  to  ISGl.  He  tlien  united 
with  the  Baptists,  and  was  at  once  licensed,  and 
ordained  the  following  year.     His  hiliors  have  been 


ALLEN 


23 


ALLISON 


oliieHy  confined  to  Ashley  and  Drew  Counties,  Ark., 
and  hi'  lias  served  the  following;  churches:  Flat 
Creek,  seven  years;  Mount  Olive,  fourteen  years; 
Promised  Land,  seven  years;  Fellowship,  ten 
years ;  Mount  Zion,  six  years  ;  and  Beulah,  New 
Prospect,  Poplar  Bluff,  Ej;ypt,  Oilnal,  and  other 
churches  a  part  of  the  time- 
Allen,  Rev.  Marvin,  \vho.se  name  was  once  fa- 
miliar to  all  .Michigan  Baptists,  was  horn  in  Fabius. 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  1,  1800.  He  graduated  from  Hamilton 
in  one  of  the  earlier  classes,  and  labored  ten  years 
in  Williamson  and  Canandaigua.  He  was  called 
to  Adrian  in  1837,  and  in  1X44  became  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Ann  Arbor.  Failinj;  health  inter- 
fered with  his  ministerial  labors,  but  his  ardent 
zeal  for  the  cause  of  Christ,  not  allowinj;  him  to 
rest,  urged  him  on  to  the  work  of  the  denomination 
at  large.  He  became  general  agent  of  the  Conven- 
tion, and  as  such  was  very  useful  in  organizing  its 
different  departments  of  work  and  in  systen\atizing 
the  contributions  of  the  churches  and  stimulating 
them  to  further  efforts.  From  184S  until  his  death, 
in  1S61,  he  was  the  publisher  of  the  Michigan 
Chrinlian  Herald.  Ho  was  an  untiring  worker 
throughout  the  entire  State,  and  became  an  almost 
indispensable  part  of  all  denominational  gatherings. 
As  a  man  of  business  his  character  was  untarnished, 
and  he  fulfilled  all  the  trusts  committed  to  his  care 
without  leaving  a  stain  upon  his  name. 

Allen,  Rev.  Orsemus,  was  born  at  Westlield, 
Mass.,  in  1804.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Westfield  Baptist  church. 
After  graduating  from  Hamilton  Literary  and  The- 
ological Listitution,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained 
lour  years.  After  a  short  interval  took  charge  of 
the  church  at  Bristol,  Conn.,  where  he  continued 
many  years.  Forced  by  ill  health  from  the  min- 
istry, he  removed  about  1845  to  Ohio,  where  he 
engaged  in  business.  For  twenty-two  years  was 
treasurer  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention, 
and  in  this  position  won  the  confidence  and  affec- 
tion of  his  brethi'en  throughout  the  entii'O  State. 
Died  in  Columbus,  O.,  May  lU,  1S70. 

Allen,  Rev.  William  B.,  for  twenty-seven  years 
moderator  of  the  Eastern  Louisiana  Association, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1809,  and  began  to 
preach  at  the  age  of  twenty.  Shortly  after  he  re- 
moved to  Eastern  Louisiana  and  settled  in  Living- 
ston Parish,  where  he  has  successfully  labored 
until  the  present  time,  having  served  one  church 
more  than  forty  years. 

Alexander,  Charles,  M.D.,  a  prominent  phy- 
sician of  liau  Claire.  Wis.,  was  born  at  Pittston, 
3Ie.,  April  28,  1824.  He  was  deprived  of  his  father 
and  mother  in  his  childhood,  and  at  the  age  of  five 
years  he  was  placed  in  the  family  of  Uufus  Allen, 
of  Farmingtun,  Me.,  which  lu'caiiic  his  home  until 


seventeen  years  of  age.  Being  thrown  entirely 
upon  his  own  resources  he  had  a  sharp  struggle  in 
the  school  of  adversity  ;  and  yet,  overcoming  all 
obstacles,  he  completed  courses  of  study  in  the 
academies  at  Yarmouth  and  Farmington,  Me.,  and 
fitted  himself  for  the  Sophomore  class  in  Bowdoin 
College.  In  1845  he  began  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  W.  H.  Allen,  of  Orono,  Penobscot  Co. 
He  attended  lectures  at  the  Medical  Department 
of  Harvard  University,  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  and  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  New  York,  from  which  he  received 
his  diploma  March  8,  1850.  Dr.  Alexander  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Orono,  where  he 
remained  eiglit  years.  He  entered  the  army  as 
surgeim  of  the  10th  Regiment  Maine  Volunteers, 
and  remained  in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  At  Gettysburg  he  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner.  He  was  twice  promoted  for  distinguished 
services.  In  September,  1806,  he  removed  from 
his  native  State  to  Wisconsin,  and  settled  at  Eau 
Claire,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  He  has 
an  extensive  practice. 

For  many  years  he  h.is  been  a  member  of  the 
Bajitist  Church.  He  is  the  senior  deacon  in  the 
Baptist  church  of  Eau  Claii-e,  and  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school.  Ho  is  a  popular  lecturer  on 
geology  and  chemistry,  of  whicdi  sciences  he  has  a 
thorough  knowledge.  He  is  often  heard  with  great 
favor  on  the  sulijectof  temperance,  always  bring- 
ing to  its  treatment  his  knowledge  of  its  relation 
to  science. 

Alexander,  Rev.  Lewis  D.,  was  born  in  AVilkes 
Co.,  N.  C,  Sept.  17,  17yy.  He  emigrated  with  his 
parents  to  Scott  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1803  ;  was  converted 
and  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Stamping- 
Ground  church  by  James  Suggett  in  1823.  After 
exercising  profitably  his  gift  as  an  exhorter  two  or 
three  years,  he  settled  in  Owen  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1835 ; 
was  ordained  at  New  Liberty  church  in  March, 
1830,  and  became  its  pastor  in  1838.  His  preach- 
ing gifts  were  extraordinary,  and  no  minister  in 
Concord  Association,  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
ever  exercised  a  stronger  or  more  beneficial  influ- 
ence. He  baptized  about  2000  persons,  and  was 
moderator  of  Concord  Association  twenty-two  years. 
He  died  Dec.  20,  1802. 

Allison,  Rev.  Burgiss,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Bonlentown,  X.  .1.,  .\ug.  17,  17'>3.  He  was  con- 
verted young,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Upper 
Freehold  church,  in  his  native  State.  From  six- 
teen years  of  age  he  had  a  strong  desire  to  preach 
the  gospel,  and  ho  carried  out  this  call  of  God  in 
Bordentown  for  several  years  on  Sunday  evenings. 
He  studied  for  the  ministry  under  Dr.  Samuel 
Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.,  and  in  Rhode  Island 
College.  lie  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of 
Bordentown,    over   which    he   presided    for   many 


ALMIRA 


24 


AMJiliUSK 


years,  and  in  which  he  always  cherished  a  fatherly 
interest. 

Dr.  Allison  possessed  an  intellect  of  a  hifjh 
order,  and  a  culture  seldom  enjoyed  in  his  day. 
Senator  Ilonitio  Gates  Jones  says,  "  J  le  occupied 
a  hif;li  position  among  tlie  most  scientific  men  of 
Ills  day  ;  he  was  devoted  to  such  pursuits  and  to 
philosophical  inquiries ;  he  hecame  deeply  inter- 
ested in  the  proposed  propulsion  of  boats  hy 
steam."  The  celclirated  Morijan  Edwards  says  of 
him,  "  He  is  as  remarkable  a  mechanic  as  he  is  an 
artist  and  philosopher ;  the  lathe,  the  plane,  the 
hammer,  the  chisel,  the  graver,  etc.,  have  displayed 
his  skill  in  the  use  of  tools.  Ilis  accomplishments 
have  made  him  a  member  of  our  [the  American] 
Philosophical  Society.' 

Dr.  Allison  was  acquainted  with  the  French, 
Spanish,  and  Portuguese,  as  well  as  with  the  dead 
languages,  lie  was  skilled  in  music,  drawing,  ami 
painting,  and  in  praying,  preaching  Jesus,  and 
walking  humbly  with  his  (iod. 

lie  was  a  chaplain  to  Congress  for  a  time,  and 
afterwards  at  the  navy-yard  in  AVashington,  where 
be  died  IVb.  1^1),  1,S27. 

Almira  College. — This  excellent  school,  merely 
founded  with  a  view  to  the  promotion  of  both  edu- 
cation and  general  culture  in  Southern  Illinois, 
was  the  result  of  a  visit  made  to  Greenville,  111., 
in  1854,  by  Prof.  John  H.  White,  then  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  in  North  Carolina.  It  was  founded 
as  a  college  for  young  ladies.  The  gift  of  §6000 
towards  its  endowment  by  Mrs.  Morse,  wife  of 
Prof.  Morse,  an  old  friend  and  college  associate 
of  Prof.  White,  and  visiting  in  Greenville,  led  to 
the  naming  of  the  college  for  this  generous  lady. 
Hence  its  name, — Almira  College.  The  citizens 
of  Greenville  and  Bond  County  entered  with  much 
zeal  into  the  enterprise,  and  a  handsome  and  com- 
modious building  was  soon  erected  upon  a  beauti- 
ful site  near  the  town.  The  cost  of  the  building 
was  S20,000.  It  is  three  stories  in  height,  146  feet 
long  and  46  wide.  Prof.  White  was  made  presi- 
dent of  the  new  college,  and  has  remained  so  during 
its  entire  history,  with  the  exception  of  an  interval 
spent  as  chaplain  in  the  army  during  the  war. 
Like  all  AVestern  schools,  Almira  College  has  had 
to  contend  with  many  financial  embarrassments, 
but  has  during  its  entire  history  maintained  a  very 
high  rank  as  a  school  of  instruction  for  young 
women. 

Alston,  Rev.  John,  was  born  a  slave  in  the 
State  of  South  Carolina,  and  w,as  emancipated  by 
the  results  of  the  late  war  after  his  removal  to 
Florida.  '  lie  resides  at  Fernandina,  where  he  has 
built  up  a  large,  well-disciplined  church,  over 
which  he  presides  as  a  niuch-respecfed  bishop. 
The  church  has  several  mission  stations,  which  are 
under  his  special  supervision,  and  they  have  built 


and  nearly  finished  a  large  and  beautiful  house  of 
worship  in  the  Gothic  style.  The  work  has  been 
done  under  the  pastor's  direction,  and  some  of  it 
by  his  own  hands. 

Mr.  Alston  went  to  New  York  and  solicited  aid 
to  build  the  house.  For  some  time  be  was  assisted 
by  the  Home  Mission  Society  while  the  church  was 
weak.  He  is  a  prominent  man  in  his  Association 
and  in  the  State.  As  a  speaker  he  is  dignified  and 
calm,  and  he  uses  very  good  language.  He  reads 
nnich,  and  his  memory  is  retentive. 

Mr.  Alston  is  a  thorough  and  an  intelligent 
Baptist,  and  is  remarkably  well  informed  in  the 
"  faith  and  order"  of  his  denomination.  He  is  quick 
to  discern  any  innovations  among  his  colored  breth- 
ren, to  whom  his  i-ounsels  arc  of  great  value. 

Ambler,  Rev.  I,  V.,  was  Imm  in  Saratoga  Co., 
N.  v.,  in  1S14.  He  graduate<l  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  Lanesborough,  Mass.,  in  which  he  labored  for 
eight  years  during  his  first  settlement,  and  to  which 
he  returned  after  a  two  years'  absence  for  a  second 
period  of  nine  years.  After  serving  the  American 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society  and  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  iSociety  as  "agent,"  he  became 
district  secretai'y  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union  for  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  New 
Jersey,  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  this  laborious  oflicc  with  great 
fidelity,  wisdom,  and  courtesy  for  eleven  years, 
knitting  the  hearts  of  the  (lastors  and  church  mem- 
bers to  himself  to  an  extent  never  surpassed,  and 
seldom  equaled,  by  the  brethren  who  hold  such 
diflicult  positions.  The  writer  became  acquainted 
with  Jlr.  Ambler  twenty-four  years  before  his 
death,  was  never  under  any  obligation  to  him, 
knew  him  intimately,  and  was  constrained  to  re- 
gard him  as  one  of  the  best  Christian  men  and 
most  eilicient  secretaries  he  has  ever  known.  He 
had  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Media,  Pa., 
and  was  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  yireparing  for  removal 
to  his  new  field,  when  ho  was  called  to  the  skies. 
He  was  sixty-four  years  of  age.  His  death  occa- 
sioned wide-spread  grief. 

Ambrose,  Rev.  J.  E.,  one  of  the  pioneer  Bap- 
tist ministers  of  Illinois,  was  born  in  Sutton,  N.  II., 
July  ,5,  1810,  and  born  again  at  Kochester,  N.  Y., 
in  1S26,  .and  baptized  there  in  May  of  that  year 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  By 
that  church  he  was  licensed  to  preach  at  twenty 
years  of  age.  In  18.'54,  under  appointment  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society,  he  removed  to  Illinois,  and 
began  labor  in  the  northern  part  of  th.it  State. 
He  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  churches  of  Hadley, 
Plainfield,  Batavia,  and  St.  Charles.  In  IS38  he 
Wiis  called  to  Elgin  ;  and  in  all  these  places  he  was 
a  laborious  and  successful  missionary.  In  1838  he 
became  connected  with  the  Northwestern  Baptist, 


AMERICAN 


ANABAPTISTS 


a  semi-monthly,  ixiid  subscfiuently  with  the  Western 
Chrislian,  puhlished  at  Kl<rin,  issuing  the  latter 
paper,  as  its  publisher,  some  five  years.  This  was 
the  licginninj;  of  journalisiii  in  Northern  Illinois. 
Mr.  Ambrose  has  been  a  resident  of  Illinois  nearly 
forty  years.      Ilis  bnme  is  now  in  ('aliforiiia. 

American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.— This 
society  was  organized  in  1N3T  with  Rev.  l>r.  Spencer 
II.  Cone,  President ;  Charles  G.  Sommers,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary;  William  Colgate,  Treasurer; 
John  West,  Recording  Secretary ;  and  with  thirty- 
one  Vice-Presidents.  The  occasion  of  its  organi- 
zation was  the  refusal  "f  the  American  Bible  So- 
ciety to  appropriate  funds  for  the  printing  and 
circuhition  of  the  translations  made  by  the  Baptist 
missionaries  in  India,  in  which  the  words  relating 
to  baptism  were  rendered  by  those  equivalent  to 
immersion.  Its  first  annual  meeting  was  held  in 
Oliver  Street  Baptist  chnrcli.  There  were  delegates 
from  fifteen  States,  and  much  enthusiasm  prevaildl. 
The  treasurer  reported  contributions  amounting  to 
$38,714.14.  Ninety-eight  auxiliaries  were  added 
to  it  during  the  year.  In  its  first  report  it  recorded 
the  names  of  92  life-directors  and  420  life-members, 
the  former  obtained  by  the  payment  of  .*ilOO,  the 
latter  by  $30  each.  Appropriations  were  made  to 
aid  in  printing  and  circulating  the  Scriptures  in 
various  languages  and  dialects  of  the  East. 

The  society  made  rapid  progress,  as  with  few 
exceptions  all  the  Baptists  of  America  united  in 
its  support.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  May,  1?*50, 
a  majority  of  the  Board  of  Managers  recommended 
the  society  to  engage  in  the  revision  of  the  English 
Scriptures.  The  recommendation  of  the  Board  was 
rejected,  and  the  action  resulted  in  the  organization 
of  the  American  Bible  Union,  and  the  withdrawal 
of  many  of  the  supporters  of  the  society.  Up  to 
this  time  it  had  received  and  disbursed  upwards  of 
$411,000. 

In  18.52  the  project  of  building  a  Bible  House  in 
Nassau  Street,  New  York,  was  started  by  friends 
of  the  society,  and  in  18.58  the  work  was  accom- 
plished, and  a  large  marble  building  was  presented 
to  the  society,  for  which  $80,000  had  been  paid.  A 
considerable  indebtedness  remained,  but  it  was  ex- 
pected that  the  rents  for  rooms  not  needeil  by  the 
society  would  speedily  extinguish  it.  The  expecta- 
tion was.not  realized,  and  eventually  the  Bible 
House  passed  into  other  hands. 

The  entire  amount  of  money  raised  by  the  .so- 
ciety and  disbursed  for  the  distribution  of  the 
Scriptures  in  home  and  foreign  countries  up  to  the 
date  of  this  writing  is  Sl,2',l4,8i,)8.-J7. 

Amsbury,  Deacon  Jabez,°  sou  of  Mowry  and 
Betsey  AViiipple  (Clark)  Amsbury,  was  born  Oct.  13, 
1825,  in  Newton,  Mass.  lie  removed  to  Killingly, 
Conn.,  in  1826.  He  was  educated  at  Wesleyan  and 
Leicester  Academies,  Mass.  In  1S42  be  moved  to 
3 


Norwich,  Conn.,  and  in  February,  1846,  was  con- 
verted and  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Cen- 
tral Baptist  church,  under  the  ministry  of  Kev.  M. 
G.  Clark.  In  18.52  he  became  teller  in  Quinebaug 
Bank.  In  185.5  he  was  chosen  cashier  of  Danbury 
Bank,  and  removed  to  that  place,  where  he  still 
(ISSO)  tills  the  office.  He  was  superintendent  of  a 
Sunday-school  in  Norwich  three  years,  and  of  that 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Danbury  in  18.54- 
55,  and  from  1870  to  the  present  time  ;  trustee  of 
the  Second  Baptist  Society  for  fifteen  years  ;  deacon 
since  1S02  ;  one  of  the  principal  oflicers  of  the 
borough  of  Danbury  since  1862  ;  been  constantly  in 
Sunday-school  work  since  1845;  for  past  eleven 
years  deputy  collcctcjr  of  United  States  Internal 
Revenue;  clerk  of  board  of  education  of  Danbury, 
and  chairman  of  Centre  District.  A  pure,  earnest, 
energetic,  executive  man. 

ANABAPTISTS. 

The  name  "  Anabaptist"  was  originally  a  re- 
proachful epithet  apjdied  to  those  Christians  in 
the  time  of  the  Reformation  who,  from  rigid  ad- 
herence to  the  Scriptures  as  the  infallible  and  all- 
sutficient  standard  of  faith  and  practice,  and  from 
the  evident  incompatibility  of  infant  baptism  with 
regenerate  church  uiembcrship,  rejected  infant  bap- 
tism and  inaugurated  churches  of  their  own  on  the 
basis  of  believers'  baptism.  While  reproached  by 
their  enemies  with  rehaptiziMj  those  that  had  been 
already  baptized  in  the  established  churches,  they 
maintained  that  the  baptism  of  believers,  such  as 
was  administered  by  themselves,  was  the  only 
Christian  baptism,  the  baptism  of  infants  being 
unworthy  of  the  name. 

Anabaptists,  The  German  and  Swiss, — The 
Anabaptist  Reformation  was  nothing  more  than  a 
consistent  carrying  out  of  the  principles  at  first 
laid  down  by  the  Reformers,  Luther  and  Zwingle, 
who  lioth  proposed,  at  the  outset,  to  make  the  Bible 
the  only  standard  of  faith  and  practice.  Many 
men  of  great  religious  earnestness,  filled  with  this 
idea,  could  not  bear  to  see  the  godly  and  the  un- 
godly living  together  in  the  church,  the  latter  as 
well  as  the  former  partaking  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
The  necessity  of  a  separation  of  Christians  from  the 
ungodly  was,  therefore,  the  most  fundamental  thing 
with  the  Anabaptists  of  the  sixteenth  century,  as 
it  is  with  Baptists  to-day.  If  only  the  regenerate 
are  to  be  members  of  this  body,  it  follows,  neces- 
sarily, that  those  bajitized  in  unconscious  infancy, 
or  later  in  life  without  faith,  are  not  truly  baptized. 
They  undei-stood  tlie  .*>cripture  to  make  faith  a  pre- 
requisite to  baptism  ;  and  they  found  in  Scripture 
no  precept  nor  example  for  infant  baptism.  They 
rejected  infant  baptism  as  a  matter  of  course  and 
baptized  anew  all  that  came  to  them.  Hence  the 
name  of  reproach — "  Anabaptist.''     Luther  was  as 


AXABAPTISTS 


26 


ANABAPTISTS 


uncompromising  as  Baptists  in  milking  personal 
faith  prerequisite  to  valid  baptism.  He  reproached 
the  Waklenses  for  baptizing  infants,  and  yet  deny- 
ing that  sucli  infants  have  faitli,  thus  taking  the 
name  of  the  Lord  in  vain.  Not  baptism,  Luther 
held,  but  personal  faitii,  justifies.  If  the  infant 
has  not  personal  faith,  parents  lie  when  they  say 
for  it  "I  believe."  But  Luther  maintained  that 
through  the  prayers  of  the  church  the  infant  does 
have  faith,  and  he  defied  his  adversaries  to  prove 
the  contrary.  This  was  more  than  the  average  man 
ciiuld  believe.  Hence  lie  would  be  likely  to  accept 
the  principle  and  to  reject  the  application.  Lutlier 
attached  great  importance  to  baptism  :  Zwingle 
very  little.  Hiibmaier  and  Greliel  both  asserted 
that,  in  private  conversation  with  tliem,  Zwingle 
had  expressed  himself  against  infant  baptism.  His 
earlier  writings  show  that  for  a  time  he  doubted 
the  scripturalncss  of  infant  baptism,  and  preferred 
to  postpone  baptism  until  the  subject  sliould  be 
able  to  profess  his  faitli.  AVe  have  indisputable 
evidence  that  almost  every  other  leader  in  the 
Refiirmation,  Melancthon,  CEcolampadius,  Capito, 
etc.,  had  a  struggle  over  the  (piestion  of  baptism. 
It  seems  equally  certain  that  tliey  were  deterred 
fnim  rejecting  infant  liaptism  by  tlie  manifest  con- 
sequences of  the  Ba)itist  position.  It  appeared  to 
them  impossible  that  any  movement  should  succeed 
which  should  lose  the  support  of  the  civil  powers, 
and  should  withdraw  the  true  Christians  from  the 
mass  of  the  people.  Endless  divisions,  the  triumph 
of  the  papists,  and  the  entire  overthrow  of  the 
Reformation,  seemed  to  them  inevitable.  Hence 
tiieir  defense  of  infant  baptism,  and  their  zeal  in 
the  suppression  of  the  Anabaptists.  Those  that 
rejected  infant  baptism  believed  ihat  Zwingle 
thought  as  tliey  did,  but  held  back  from  unworthy 
motives.  We  may  divide  the  Anabaptists  into 
three  classes  :  (1)  The  J'aii/ilicnl  Anohapfists.  (2) 
The  Baptist  Anahaplisls.  (3)  Tliemijstiad  Analmp- 
iisls.  Great  injustice  has  been  done  to  many  that 
fall  under  the  name  Anabaptist  by  failing  to  make 
this  distinction.  Was  a  certain  party  fanatical  ? 
The  stigma  is  attached  to  all.  Were  a  few  mystics 
Anabaptists?     ,VII  classes  are  blamed  for  it. 

Anabaptists,  The  Fanatical.— These  were  for 
the  most  part  a  result  of  Luther's  earlier  writings. 
It  is  remarkable  that  fanatical  developments  oc- 
curred in  connection  with  Lutheranisra,  and  not  in 
connection  with  Zwingtianism. 

Thomas  Miinzer  and  the  Zwickau  Prophets. — 
Thomas  Miinzer  was  never  really  an  Anabaptist. 
Though  he  rejected  infant  baptism  in  theory,  he 
held  to  it  in  practice,  and  never  submitted  to  re- 
baptism  himself  nor  rebaptized  others.  Yet  he  is 
usually  regarded  as  the  forerunner  of  the  move- 
ment, and  he  certainly  was  influential  in  that  di- 
rection.    Having  studied  previously  at  Halle,  he 


came  to  Wittenberg,  where  he  came  under  Luther's 
influence,  and  where  he  received  his  Doctor's  de- 
gree. Like  Luther,  Miinzer  was  a  great  reader  of 
the  German  Mystics,  and  when  Luther  came  for- 
ward as  a  Refurmcr,  Miinzer  became  one  of  his 
most  decided  and  faithful  supporters.  On  Luther's 
recommendation  lie  came  to  Zwickau  in  1520  as 
parish  priest.  Hero  he  entered  into  controversy 
with  the  Erasraic  rationalistic  Egranus.  The  com- 
mon people,  especially  the  weavers,  took  sides  with 
Miinzer.  Chief  among  these  was  Nicholas  Storch, 
a  Silesian,  proliably  a  Waldensiati.  Miinzer  was 
naturally  inclined  to  fanaticism,  and  this  contro- 
versy, together  with  the  zealous  support  he  I'cceived 
from  the  common  people,  did  much  to  bring  it  out. 
He  regarded  Luther's  movement  as  a  half-way 
affair,  and  demanded  the  establishment  of  a  pure 
church.  He  denounced  Luther  as  an  incapable 
man,  who  allowed  the  people  to  continue  in  their 
old  sins,  taught  them  the  uselessness  of  works,  and 
preaclieil  a  dead  faitli  more  contradictory  to  the 
gospel  than  the  teachings  of  the  papists.  While 
he  lield  to  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  Miin- 
zer maintained  that  the  letter  of  Scripture  is  of  no 
value  without  the  enligliteninent  of  the  Spirit,  and 
that  to  believers  God  communicates  truth  directly 
alike  in  connection  with  and  apart  from  tlic  Scrip- 
tures. The  excitement  among  the  common  people 
became  intense,  and  Storch  and  others  began  to 
prophesy,  to  demand  the  abolition  of  all  papal 
forms,  and  objects,  and  to  speak  against  infant 
baptism.  Miinzer  had  gone  to  Bohemia  to  preach 
in  1.521.  Here  he  published  an  enthusiastic  address 
to  the  people  in  German,  Bohemian,  and  Latin,  de- 
nouncing the  priests,  and  declaring  that  a  new  era 
was  at  hand,  and  that  if  the  people  should  not  ac- 
cept the  gospel  they  would  fall  a  prey  to  the  Turks. 
Meanwhile,  Storch's  party  attempted  to  carry  out 
their  ideas  by  force,  and  proclaimed  that  thej'  had 
a  mission  to  establish  the  kingdom  of  Christ  on 
earth.  They  were  suppressed  by  the  authorities, 
an<l  some  of  them  thrown  into  prison  ;  but  Storch, 
.Stubner,  and  Cellarius  escaped  and  fled  to  Witten- 
berg. Stubner.  a  former  student  of  the  university, 
was  entertained  by  Melancthon,  who  for  a  time 
was  profoundly  impressed  by  the  pi'ophets.  Carl- 
stadt  especially  was  brought  under  tlieir  influence. 
Storch  traveled  widely  in  Germany  and  Silesia, 
disseminating  his  views  mostly  among  the  peasants. 
He  seems  to  have  been  a  n)an  of  deep  piety,  great 
knowledge  of  Scripture,  and  uncommon  zeal  and 
activity  in  propagating  his  views.  In  Silesia,  he  is 
said  to  have  labored  for  some  time  in  connection 
with  Lutheranism,  which  had  just  been  planted 
there,  withholding  his  peculiar  views  until  he  had 
gained  a  suflicient  influence  to  preach  them  effect- 
ively. Then  he  brought  large  numbers  to  his 
views.     Here  also  the  attempt  to  '"  set  up  the  king- 


ANABAPTISTS 


27 


ANABAPTISTS 


dom  of  God  on  earth"  was  accompanied  with  tu- 
mult, and  Storch  w.as  driven  from  (iloj;aii.  Driven 
from  ]ilace  to  place,  he  established  Anabaptist  com- 
munities in  various  places,  in  the  villages,  and 
among  the  peasants.  From  Silesia  Storch  went  to 
Bavaria,  where  he  fell  sick  and  died.  But  he  left 
behind  him  many  disciples,  and  two  strong  men 
who  became  leaders:  Jacob  Ilutter  and  Gabriel 
Scherding.  From  Silesia  and  Bavaria  many  Ana- 
baptists tied  into  Moravia  and  I'ljland,  where  they 
became  very  numerous,  and  although  they  were 
afterwards  persecuted  severely  they  continued  to 
e.tist  for  a  long  time.  The  followers  of  Storch 
practiced  in  many  instances  community  of  goods, 
an<l  under  persecution  manifested  some  fanaticism. 
But  we  do  Storch  some  injustice  in  classing  liim 
among  the  fanatics.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  he 
was  cloi^ely  conncL'ted  with  MUnzer  at  the  begin- 
ning, and  inasmuch  as  our  information  about  him 
is  not  definite,  we  class  him  here  with  the  expression 
of  a  probability  that  he  repudiated  much  of  Mlin- 
zer's  proceedings,  and  was  in  most  respects  a  true 
preacher  of  the  gospel.  In  1.523,  Miinzer  became 
pastor  at  Alstedt.  Here  he  married  a  nun,  set 
aside  the  Latin  Liturgy  and  prepared  a  German 
one.  In  this  he  retained  infant  baptism.  About 
the  beginning  of  1.024  he  published  two  tracts 
against  Luther's  doctrines  with  regard  to  faith  and 
baptism.  He  had  become  convinced  of  the  un- 
scrijituralness  of  infant  baptism,  yet  continued  to 
administer  it,  telling  the  people  that  true  baptism 
was  baptism  of  the  Spirit.  Munzer's  ministry  in 
Alstedt  was  brought  to  a  close  by  the  iconoclastic 
zeal  of  his  followers.  Ilis  preaching  all  along  was 
of  a  democratical  tendency,  for  he  longed  to  see  all 
men  free  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  rights. 
During  this  year  he  went  to  Switzerland,  where  he 
attempted  to  persuade  CEcolampadius  and  others 
of  the  right  of  the  people  to  revolt  against  op- 
pression. Here  also  he  probably  met  the  men  who 
soon  became  leaders  of  tlie  Swiss  Anabaptists: 
GrebeljManz,  IlUbmaier.  etc.  Ilis  main  olject  in 
this  tour  seems  to  have  been  to  secure  co-operation 
in  the  impending  struggle  for  liberty.  Keturning 
to  Muhlliausen  he  became  chief  pastor  and  member 
of  the  Council.  The  whole  region  was  soon  under 
his  influence.  Luther  visited  the  principal  towns 
and  attempted  to  dissuade  the  people  from  revolu- 
tion, lie  also  attempted  to  induce  the  rulers  to 
accord  to  the  peasants  their  rights.  But  in  neither 
respect  did  he  succeed.  When  the  peasants  re- 
volted, Luther,  although  he  knew  that  they  had 
cause  for  dissatisfaction,  turned  against  them  and 
coun.seled  the  most  unmerciful  proceedings.  Miin- 
zer showed  no  milit;iry  capacity.  The  peasants  had 
no  military  discipline,  and  were  deceived  by  Miin- 
zer into  reliance  upon  miraculous  divine  assistance. 
The  result  was  that  they  were  massacred  in  large 


numbers.  Miinzer  was  taken  prisoner  and  after- 
wards beheaded. 

Melchior  Hoffman,  born  in  Sweden,  accepted  Lu- 
ther's doctrine  about  1.52.3,  preaclied  with  great 
zeal  in  Denmark  and  Sweden,  laboring  with  his 
hands  for  his  support.  In  the  same  ye:ir  he  came 
under  the  influence  of  Storch  and  Miinzer.  Like 
these,  he  believed  that  the  last  d;iy  was  at  hand, 
and  with  great  earnestness  warned  men  to  turn 
from  their  sins.  Ilis  interpretation  of  Scripture, 
especially  the  prophetical  parts,  whicli  he  freely 
applied  to  his  own  time,  and  his  constant  effort  to 
arouse  men  to  flee  from  the  wrath  to  come,  led  to 
his  being  hunted  from  place  to  place  by  Lutherans 
as  well  as  by  papists. 

In  152G,  King  Frederick  of  Denmark  came  to 
his  aid  and  gave  him  a  coTnfortable  stipend  and 
freedom  to  preach  the  gospel  throughout  Ilolstein. 
Here  Hoffman  remained  about  two  years,  and 
might  have  remained  longer  had  he  not  declared  in 
favor  of  the  Carlstadt-Zwinglian  view  of  the  Loi'd's 
Supper.  This  led  to  controversy,  which  caused  his 
expulsion  and  the  confiscation  of  his  goods.  In 
company  with  Carlstadt  he  took  refuge  in  Switzer- 
land, and  in  1529  went  to  Strassburg.  Here  he 
was  joyfully  received  by  the  Zwinglians,  but  his 
preaching  soon  disgusted  them,  the  difficulty  here, 
as  elsewhere,  being  that  he  claimed  a  special,  in- 
spiration of  God  to  interpret  Scripture,  and  did  this 
in  a  manner  that  tended  to  produce  an  unwholc- 
.some  popular  excitement.  Hoffman  now  came  to 
see  that  there  was  a  wide  breach  between  him  and 
the  other  evangelical  preachers.  Their  apprehen- 
sion of  Scripture,  he  thought,  was  an  apprchensi(m 
of  the  letter,  his,  of  the  spirit.  Their  religion  was 
of  the  unilerstanding,  his.  of  the  heart.  Their  re- 
ligion admitted  of  pride  and  pomp,  his,  only  of 
humility.  The  Anabaptists  had  by  this  time  be- 
come numerous  in  Southern  Germany.  When 
Hoffman  came  to  know  them  it  is  not  strange  that 
he  should  have  been  led  to  unite  with  them.  In 
1530  he  declared  his  acceptance  of  their  views  on 
baptism,  justification,  free-will,  church  discipline, 
etc. ;  and  as  most  of  the  Anabaptist  leaders  had 
either  suffered  martyrdom  or  died  of  the  pest, 
Iloffnmn  became  a  leader  amimg  them,  and  led 
many  to  his  own  fanatical  and  false  view.s.  L'n- 
der  Hoffman's  influence  the  opinions  of  the  Ana- 
baptists, which  had  been  in  great  part  sound  and 
biblical,  underwent  many  changes.  Hoffman  be- 
lieved that  Christ  did  not  receive  his  Ixidy  from 
the  virgin.  This  view  was  perpetuated  by  the 
Mennonites  (a  sort  of  Manichenn  view).  His  Mil- 
lennrian  views  also  became  common  among  the 
An;ibaptists.  Through  him  the  Anabaptist  move- 
ment sprejid  over  all  the  Xetherlands,  and  he  came 
to  be  regsirded  as  a  great  prophet.  -Vt  Embden, 
in  Friesland,  the  Anabaptists  became  so  strong  that 


ANABAPTISTS 


28 


ANABAPTISTS 


they  were  able  to  baptize  openly  in  the  churches 
and  on  the  streets.  The  most  influential  lender  in 
the  Netherlands  (after  Hoffman)  was  Matthiesen. 
In  1632  Hoffman  was  thrown  into  prison  in  Strass- 
burj;.  Here  he  became  more  and  more  fanatical. 
Several  men  .and  women  began  to  have  visions  and 
to  interpret  them  with  reference  to  current  events. 
Hnffman  they  called  Elias  ;  Scliwenkfeldt  was 
Enoch,  etc.  The  enthusiasm  spread,  and  the  Anar 
baptist  movement  made  rapid  conquests.  Per- 
secution was  probably  the  cause,  and  certainly  a 
means  of  promoting  the  fanaticism.  Hoffman  died 
in  prison,  January,  1.54'5,  after  more  than  ten  years' 
conKnemcnt. 

Tlic  Miinster  Uproar. — The  episode  in  the  history 
of  the  Reformation  that  did  most  to  make  the  Ana- 
baptists abominable  in  the  eyes  of  the  world,  and 
from  the  effects  of  which  Baptists  long  suffered  in 
England  and  America,  and  even  now  suffer  in  Ger- 
many, was  the  Miinster  kingdom.  Doubtless  the 
preaching  nf  Hoffman,  and  still  more  that  of  his  fol- 
lowers, had  something  to  do  with  this  event.  Yet 
the  idea  that  this  preaching  constitutes  the  chief 
factor  is  utterly  unfounded.  In  1.524-25,  Miinster 
shared  in  the  communistic  movement  (Peasants' 
War),  but  the  magistrates  and  clergy  had  been 
strong  enough  to  crush  out  the  oonimuiiism  and 
Lutheranism  together.  After  this  the  Reformation 
gained  scarcely  any  visible  ground  there  until  1529. 
About  this  time,  Bernard  Rothmann,  an  educated 
and  eloquent  young  man,  as  chaplain  in  the  colle- 
giate church  at  St.  Mauritz,  near  Miinster,  began 
to  preach  Protestant  sermons.  Despite  the  deter- 
mined opposition  of  magistrates  and  clergy,  the 
Miinster  people  forsook  the  parish  churches  and 
flocked  to  St.  Mauritz.  In  1533  the  Pi'otestants 
obtained  in  Miinster  the  right  to  the  free  exercise 
of  their  religion,  and  six  parish  churches  came  into 
their  hands.  Soon  they  olitained  the  supremacy 
in  the  Council,  and  began  to  carry  out  their  princi- 
ples of  reform.  The  bishop  and  Romish  clergy 
were  driven  away,  and  an  army  was  equipped  for 
the  protection  of  Lutheranism.  Thousands  of  in- 
surrectionary spirits  assembled  from  the  surround- 
ing regions,  and  among  them  many  of  the  Iloff- 
manite  Anabaptists.  It  was  natural  that,  when 
these  latter  saw  the  papal  party  crushed,  they 
should  have  supposed  that  the  kingdom  of  Christ 
was  about  to  be  set  up  at  Miinster.  In  1532, 
Rothmann,  the  recognized  leader  of  the  Lutheran 
party  at  Miinster,  became  an  Anabaptist.  As  a 
Lutheran,  Rothmann  is  said  to  Irave  been  dis.so- 
lute.  When  he  became  an  An.abaptist  he  adopted 
an  almost  ascetical  mode  of  life.  He  exhorted  the 
people  to  the  practice  of  charity  and  humility,  and 
warned  them  against  yielding  to  the  senses  and 
passions.  He  also  declared  that  the  millennium 
had  come,  and  that  the  end  of  the  world  would 


come  a  thousand  years  later.  The  Anabaptists 
gained  the  ascendancy  just  as  the  Lutherans  had 
done  before  them.  Once  in  full  power,  their  fa- 
naticism increased  until  a  king  was  set  up,  polyg- 
amy was  introduced  in  accoi-dance  with  jiretonded 
revelations  of  the  Spirit,  and  many  other  abomina- 
tions were  practiced.  After  a  few  months  the 
Miinster  kingdom  was  overthrown  and  tlie  leaders 
executed.  This  affair  has  commonly  been  looked 
upon  as  a  natural  culmination  of  Anabaptism. 
The  fact  is,  that  Lutheranism  was  responsible  for 
it  far  more  than  Anabaptism,  and  that  the  rigor 
with  which  evangelical  Christianity  was  suppressed 
in  Miinster  until  1531  was  the  most  potent  cause 
of  all. 

It  may  be  remarked  that  while  none  of  the  Ana- 
baptists were  free  from  what  we  regard  as  errors, 
the  great  body  of  the  Swiss  Analiaptists  made  a 
very  close  approach  to  our  position  ;  and  if  we 
take  into  consideration  the  circumstances  under 
which  they  were  placed,  we  shall  not  be  inclined 
to  judge  them  harshly  in  t,hc  things  wherein  they 
seem  to  have  gone  astray.  Fundamentally  they 
were  Baptists,  but  it  required  time  for  them  to 
reach  a  complete  development.  Riiubli,  when  ex- 
pelled from  Basle,  came  to  Wyticon,  near  Ziirich, 
and  under  his  influence  the  parishioners  almost  all 
refused  to  have  their  children  baptized,  as  early  as 
1524.  Riiubli  did  not  yet  insist  on  rebaptism,  but 
simply  set  forth  the  unscripturalness  of  infant 
baptism.  In  1524,  Grebel,  Manz.  and  others  be- 
gan to  manifest  their  dissatisfaction  with  the  state 
of  ecclesiastical  affairs  at  Ziirich.  They  pressed 
upon  Zwingle  the  necessity  of  a  further  reforma- 
tion of  the  churches,  and  reproved  him  for  tardi- 
ness and  coldness  in  the  matter.  Zwingle  urged 
that  the  unregcnerate  had  been  retained  in  the 
churches,  on  the  ground  that  "  he  that  is  not 
against  us  is  for  us;"  and  that  in  the  parable  it  is 
commanded  to  let  the  tares  grow  with  the  wheat. 
They  objected  also  to  the  dependence  of  religion 
on  the  civil  magistracy.  They  were  answered  that 
the  magistracy,  while  not  free  from  human  ele- 
ments, was  not  merely  not  opposed  to  the  Word 
of  Ciod,  but  g.ave  protection  to  the  preaching  of  the 
same.  They  .soon  began  to  accuse  Zwingle  of  sac- 
rificing willfully  the  truth  in  order  to  maintain  the 
favor  of  the  civil  rulers.  They  now  began  to  ab- 
sent themselves  from  the  churches,  to  hold  secret 
meetings,  in  which  they  discussed  freely  the  de- 
sirableness of  setting  up  pure  churches.  During 
this  year  the  writings  of  Carlstadt  and  MUnzer 
became  known  to  them,  and  they  instituted  a  cor- 
respondence with  these  men.  How  far  the  Ziirich 
Anabaptists  were  influenced  by  Miinzer  it  is  not 
possible  to  ascertain.  It  is  certain  that  they  read 
his  writings  against  Luther  and  admired  them,  be- 
fore September,   1524.     It  is  equally  certain  that 


ANABAPTISTS 


29 


ANABAPTISTS 


they  were  not  first  led  to  their  views  of  thorouf^h 
reform  by  tliese  writings,  but  were  oniy  strength- 
ened and  encouraged  thereby  in  their  already  pro- 
gressing work.  The  letter  of  Grebel,  Manz,  and 
others  to  Munzer,  Sept.  5,  1524,  shnws  that  they 
had  already  advanced  far  beyond  Munzer  in  their 
true  views  of  reform,  and  that  tlii'y  felt  themselves 
competent  to  pronounce  judgment  upon  MUnzer's 
inconsistencies  and  upon  his  revolutionary  utter- 
ances. They  expostulate  with  him  for  having  trans- 
lated the  mass  insteail  of  abolishing  it.  Tliey  claim 
that  there  is  no  precept  or  example  in  the  Xew 
Testament  for  the  chanting  of  church  services. 
They  insist  that  what  is  not  expressly  taught  by 
word  or  example  is  the  same  as  if  it  were  forbid- 
den. No  ceremonies  are  allowable  in  connection 
with  the  Lord's  Supper,  except  the  reading  of  the 
Scriptures  bearing  upon  this  ordinance.  Common 
bread  and  common  wine,  witiiout  any  idolatrous 
ceremonies,  are  to  be  eniplnyed  in  the  Supper.  The 
ordinance  is  declared  to  lie  an  act  of  communion, 
expressive  of  the  fact  that  communicants  are  truly 
one  body.  Inasmuch  as  the  ordinance  is  a  com- 
munion, no  one  is  to  partake  of  it  alone  on  a  sick- 
bed. It  should  not  be  celebrated  in  temples,  on 
account  of  superstitious  associations.  It  should  t)e 
celebrated  frequently.  They  exhort  Munzer  to 
abandon  all  non-scriptural  usages,  insisting  that  it 
is  better  that  a  few  should  believe  and  act  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  Word  of  God  than  that  many 
should  believe  in  a  doctrine  mingled  with  false- 
hood. They  are  pleased  with  his  theoretical  rejec- 
tion of  infant  baptism,  but  grieved  that  he  should 
continue  to  practice  what  he  has  shown  to  be  un- 
warranted. Moreover,  they  have  heard  that  he 
has  been  preaching  against  the  magistracy,  and 
maintaining  the  right  of  Christians  to  resist  abuses 
witii  the  sword.  They  set  forth  their  conviction 
that  neither  are  we  to  protect  the  gospel  nor  our- 
selves with  the  swonl.  Thus  the  Swiss  Anal)ap- 
tists  were  from  the  (mtset  free  from  fanaticism,  and 
they  appear  even  in  l.")24  not  as  disciples,  but  as 
teachers  of  Miinzer.  The  opposition  to  the  estab- 
lished church  had  by  this  time  become  so  formid- 
able, that  the  Council  appointed  a  public  disputa- 
tion for  .Jan.  IT.  l')25;  but  there  was  no  intention 
on  the  part  of  the  Council  or  of  Zwingle  to  decide 
the  matter  falidy  in  accordance  with  the  weight  of 
the  arguments,  and  the  decision  of  the  Council  was, 
therefore,  against  the  Anabaptists :  and  a  mandate 
was  at  once  issued  rer|uiring  the  baptism  within 
eight  days  of  every  unbaptized  child,  on  pain  of 
the  banishment  of  the  responsible  parties.  This 
action  was  soon  followed  by  a  prohibition  of  the 
assemblies  of  the  radicals.  Grebel  and  Manz  were 
exhorted  to  leave  off  their  disputing  against  infant 
baptism  and  in  fiivor  of  regenerate  church  member- 
ship.    In   order  to  insure  quiet,  Kijubli,  H'atzer, 


and  others,  foreigners,  were  w.arned  to  leave  the 
canton  within  eight  days.  This  only  led  to  greater 
boldness  on  the  part  of  the  Anabaptists,  and  soon 
George  Blaurock,  having  first  been  baptized  by 
Grebel,  baptized  a  number  of  others.  From  this 
time  the  cause  of  the  Anabaptists,  notwithstanding 
the  severe  persecution  to  which  they  were  sub- 
jected, made  rapid  progress.  The  breaking  out  of 
the  Peasants'  War  in  152.5  tended  to  increase  the 
apprehensions  of  the  Swiss  authorities,  and  the 
rigor  towards  Anabaptists  now  became  greater. 
Many,  both  men  and  women,  were  thrown  into 
prisiin,  and  released  only  on  the  payment  of  heavy 
fines  and  the  promise  to  desist  from  their  heresy, 
or,  in  some  cases,  to  leave  the  canton.  The  pen- 
alty of  returning  from  banishment  was  drowning. 
Grebel,  Manz,  Hubmaier,  and  Blaurock  were  im- 
prisoned and  banished.  Manz  was  finally  drowned. 
Though  continuallj-  harassed,  these  noble  witnesses 
for  Christ  were  very  active,  traveling  from  place  to 
place,  preaching  at  night  in  private  houses  to  the 
people,  who  were  anxious  to  hear.  Some  preachers 
baptized  hundreds,  if  not  thousands,  of  per.eons. 
From  Zurich  they  spread  throughout  Switzerland, 
Southern  Germany,  the  Netherlands,  Moravia,  etc. 
Doctrinett  of  the  Swiss  Anabaptists. — Although 
most  of  the  leaders  held  some  views  peculiar  to 
themselves,  they  may  be  said  to  have  been  agreed 
on  the  following  points,  as  exhibited  in  the  Con- 
fession of  1527,  which  also  forms  the  basis  of 
Zwingle's  "Refutation"'  of  1-527.  (1)  Baptism 
of  believers.  (The  form  of  baptism  never  came  up 
for  discussion,  and  was,  in  some  instances,  immer- 
sion, but  in  most  instances  aflFusion.)  (2)  Dis- 
cipline and  exclusion  of  unworthy  members.  (3) 
Communion  of  baptized  believers.  (4)  Separatinn 
from  the  impure  churches  and  the  world.  This 
involved  a  refusal  to  have  any  social  intercourse 
with  evil-doers,  to  attend  church  services  with  un- 
believers and  those  in  error,  to  enter  into  marriage 
relations  with  them,  etc.  This  absolute  separatism 
gave  them  as  much  trouble,  perhaps,  as  any  other 
single  doctrine.  (5)  They  cimdemned  the  support 
of  pastors  by  taxation  of  the  people.  The  pastors, 
when  they  re(|uired  support,  were  rather  to  be  sup- 
ported by  voluntary  offerings  of  the  members.  (6) 
As  to  magistracy,  they  maintained  that  true  Chris- 
tians, as  being  entirely  subject  to  the  laws  of  Christ, 
have  no  need  of  magistracy.  Yet  they  did  not  deny 
that  magistracy  is  necessary  in  the  ungodly  world  ; 
neither  did  they  refuse  obedience  to  magistracy  in 
whatever  did  not  come  athwart  their  religious  con- 
victions. (7)  They  rejected  oaths  on  the  ground 
of  Christ's  command,  "Swear  not  at  all."  They 
distinguished,  however,  between  sicearinij  as  a 
promise  with  an  oath  to  do  or  be  something  in  the 
future,  and  testifi/inij  with  regard  to  things  past  or 
present.     The  latter  they  did  not  condemn.     Some 


ANABAPTISTS 


30 


ANDEHSON 


of  these  Aiiiihaptists  lield,  in  addition  to  these 
views,  to  comnuinity  of  ;;oods,  on  the  ;rfoiind  of 
the  exiiniplo  of  the  Apostolic  Cluirch.  Hut  most 
of  tlicni  insisted  only  on  {ireat  liberality  in  reliev- 
ing the  wants  of  their  needy  brethren. 

The  Mj/slical  and  Speculatii-e  Anabaptists. — 
Here  may  be  classed  a  large  number  of  able  and 
learned  men,  some  who  allied  themselves  with  the 
Anabaptists  and  were  active  in  cvanj^elical  work, 
as  Denk  and  llaetzer  :  others  who  contented  them- 
selves with  the  theoretical  rejection  of  infant  bap- 
tism, but  who  cither  cared  so  little  for  ordinances 
in  fjencral  as  to  be  unwillinjr  to  make  rejection  of 
infant  liaptism  a  prominent  feature  of  their  creed, 
as  .Scliwenkfeldt,  !Sel)astian,  Frank,  etc.,  or  else 
were  so  occupied  with  f;raver  doctrinal  contro- 
versies that  their  Anabaptist  views  attracted  com- 
paratively little  attention,  as  Michael  Servetus, 
Faustus  Socinus,  etc.  Almost  all  the  Antitrini- 
tarians  were  rejectors  of  infant  baptism,  and  several 
who  diverged  very  widely  from  accepted  views  with 
rejtard  to  the  person  of  (.'lirlst  were  especially  noted 
as  Anabaptists.  With  many  the  unspeakable  l(3vc 
and  mercy  of  God  came  to  be  a  favorite  theme. 
Such  being  the  case,  the  propitiatory  character  of 
Christ's  death  came  to  be  viewed  by  some  as  un- 
necessary and  contrary  to  God's  character.  There 
being  thus  no  need  of  an  inliiiite  sacrifice,  many 
came  to  deny  the  absolute  eternity  of  the  Son  and 
his  absolute  equality  with  the  Father.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  was  perfectly  natural  that  those  who  went 
so  far  as  to  call  in  question  the  great  doctrinal  for- 
mula; should  call  in  question  such  practices  as  in- 
fant baptism,  for  wliiih  there  is  no  Now  Testament 
authority  whatever.  We  are  to  make  a  clear  dis- 
tinction between  men  who  were  led  into  error  by 
excessive  Mysticism,  as  Denk,  llaetzer,  etc.,  and 
those  who  were  professed  rationalists,  as  Laelius 
and  Faustus  Socinus.     (See  Denk  and  II.\etzer.) 

Anabaptists,  The  Dutch.— We  give  separate 
consideration  to  the  early  Dutch  Anabaptists,  on 
account  of  their  relation  to  the  .Monnonites,  who 
still  constitute  an  important  party.  We  shall  have 
space  only  for  the  following  remarks.  1.  A  con- 
siderable number  of  moderate  Swiss  Anabaptists 
when  persecuted  at  home  took  refuge  in  the  Neth- 
erlands and  maib'  many  converts  before  the  time 
of  Hoffman  and  Matthiosen.  2.  Most  of  these  were 
absorl)ed  by  the  much  more  vigorous  movement  in 
which  Hoffman's  influence  preponderated  (1.529- 
34).  3.  A  small  number  of  Dutch  Anabaptists 
maintained  their  moderation  even  in  the  time  of 
the  Miinster  uproar.  4:  A  still  larger  number 
were  restored  to  their  senses  after  the  suppression 
of  the  Miinster  kingdom.  5.  Menno  Simon,  a  Ro- 
man Catholic  priest,  was  led  througli  a  profound 
religious  experience,  gradually  and  almost  inde- 
pendently of  Anabaptist  influence,  to  the  rejection 


of  infant  baptism  and  the  restoration  of  believer'M 
baptism.  After  the  Miinster  uproar,  the  better 
element  of  the  Anabaptists  in  the  Netherlands  re- 
pudiated all  connection  with  the  Miinster  men  ;  and 
with  Menno  Simon  as  their  leader  (1530  onward), 
soon  became  an  exceedingly  strong  party.  They 
sufl'ered  persecution  under  the  Inquisition,  and 
tho\isands  died  at  the  stake,  but  they  finally  se- 
cured toleration,  and  have  maintained  themselves 
to  the  present  day.  Their  doctrines  are,  in  the 
main,  the  same  as  those  held  by  earlier  Anabap- 
tists. They  reject  infant  baptism,  oaths,  magis- 
tracy, the  sword,  marriage  with  unbelievers,  com- 
munion with  the  unregencrate.  They  adopted 
Hoffman's  view  as  to  Christ's  body. 

Anderson,  Christopher,  was  born  in  Edin- 
burgh in  1782.  In  the  midst  of  youthful  gayety 
and  worldliness,  he  was  attracted  to  the  Circus 
chapel  by  the  preaching  of  the  celebrated  Haldane 
brothers,  then  at  the  zenith  of  their  remarkably 
useful  career.  The  earnest  appeals  of  James  Hal- 
dane were  the  means  of  his  conversion,  and  he 
joined  the  church  at  the  Circus  in  ITiO.  This 
church  was  then  a  Pedobaptist  body.  The  visit 
of  some  English  Baptist  students  to  the  university 
led  to  a  change  in  his  opinions  respecting  baptism, 
and  on  being  baptized  he  was  summarily  excimi- 
municatod  from  the  Circus.  In  conjunction  with 
his  English  student  friends  and  others  he  endeav- 
ored to  estaljlish  a  Baptist  church,  and  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  conducting  the  meetings  of  the  little 
assembly.  Andrew  Fuller's  first  missionary  tour 
in  Scotland  in  1799,  and  his  subse^iuent  visit  in 
1802,  awakened  in  young  Anderson  a  fervent  in- 
terest in  missions  to  the  heathen.  He  sought  an 
interview  with  Mr.  Fuller,  and  was  eneourage<I  to 
offer  himself  for  the  Indian  work.  In  180.5  he  pro- 
ceeded to  the  seminary  at  Olney,  pre.sided  over  by 
the  revered  Joseph  Sutcliff,  where  missionary  can- 
didates attended  a  preparatory  course  of  study. 
Anderson's  constitution  proving  unfitteil  for  the 
tropics,  he  w.as  transferred  to  Bristol  College,  but 
his  academical  course  was  brief.  His  acceptable 
preaching  procured  him  pressing  invitations  to 
settle  as  pastor  in  England,  and  the  church  at 
Prescott  Street,  London,  which  had  lately  lost  its 
venerable  and  eminent  pastor,  Abraham  Booth, 
urged  him  repeatedly  to  accept  its  charge.  But 
his  heart  was  set  on  raising  a  church  in  his  native 
city.  The  Scotch  Baptist  churches  of  that  period 
were  not  organized  after  his  mind,  and  he  thought 
them  deficient  in  evangelistic  zeal.  He  commenced 
labor  in  Edinburgh  in  1806.  After  the  erection  of 
the  spacious  and  handsome  edifice  known  as  Char- 
lotte chapel,  his  ministry  was  well  attended  and  the 
membership  considerably  increased.  By  his  exer- 
tions the  "Itinerant  Society"  was  firnipd,  now 
merged  into  the  "  Scottish  Baptist  Home  Mission- 


ANDERSON 


31 


ANDERSON 


ary  Society,"  and  also  the  Edinburgh  branch  of 
the    British    and   Foreign   Bible   Society.     Whilst 
abundant  in  home  missionary  labor,  he  never  lost 
his  first  love  for  the  foreign  work  which  Andrew 
Fuller's  preaching  had  inspired.     Fuller,  indeed, 
designated  him  as  his  successor  in  the  secretary- 
ship of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society.     Notwith- 
standing the   pressure  of  his   pulpit  and   philan- 
thropic labors,  he  found  time  for  a  literary  work 
involving  great  research  and  study.     Ilis  zeal  for 
the  circulation  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  vernacular 
had  kindled  in  him  an  enthusiastic  admiration  of 
the  history  of  the  English  version,  and  some  in- 
vestigations which  he  prosecuted  on  the  occasion 
of  its  third  centenary  celebration  in  183.i  led  him 
to  devote   his  energies  to  a  work  in  which  the 
"Annals  of  the  English  Bible"  should  be  accu- 
rately and  completely  set  forth.     The  results  of  his 
persevering   toil   appeared    in   two   volumes,  8vo, 
184i.  under  the  above  title.     This  work  possesses 
the  cardinal  excellencies  such  a  book  should  have. 
It  is  accurate  and  trustworthy  in  statement  of  facts, 
and  casts  light  on  many  ob.scure  and  misunder- 
stood matters.     The  noble  character  and  services 
of  Tyndale,  Frith,  and  others  are  vividly  presented, 
with  the  record  of  the  singular  providential  circum- 
stances of  the  origin  and  circulation  of  the  English 
Bible.     vSome  years  before  the  preparation  of  the 
Annals  he  wrote  a  volume  on  "  The  Domestic  Con- 
stitution, or  the  Family  Circle  the  Source  and  Test 
of  National  Stability,''  which  had  a  wide  circula- 
tion, not   only  in  Great  Britain  but  also   in  this 
country.     Several  editions  of  it  were  published  at 
Boston.  New  York,  and  else%vhcre.     In  1S47  he  re- 
vised and  improved  the  book,  and  issued  a  new  edi- 
tion, with  a  preface  which  expressed  forcibly  the 
author's  solicitude  for  the  cause  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious liberty,  as  exposed  on  the  one   hand  to  the 
machinations  of  the  Romish  priesthood,  and  on  the 
other  to  the  godless  fervors  of  socialism.     With  this 
publication  his  literary  labors  ended,  and  retire- 
ment from  public  life  became  obviously  necessary. 
On  the  18th  of  February,  1852,  he  peacefully  fell 
asleep  in  Jesus,  aged  seventy  years.     Ilis  numer- 
ous public  labors  secured  him  the  respect  of  a  wide 
circle  of  the  worthiest  of  his  countrymen  as  well  as 
of  his  own  denomination.     His  '•  Life  and  Letters,"' 
by  his  nephew,  Hugh  Anderson,  is  a  valuable  biogra- 
phv,  especially  rich  in  interesting  correspondence. 
Anderson,  Rev.  David,  was  bom  in  Nelson 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  INUO.     lie  was  converted  and  baptized 
at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  years.    He  was  ordained 
in  18.J0.     He  labored  in   Northwest  Missouri  for 
twenty  years.     At  his  death  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Missouri  City  church.     He  was  sound  in  doctrine 
and  exemplary  in  life. 

Anderson,  Rev.  Galusha,  D.D.,  president  of 
the  University  of  Chicago,  was  born   in   Bergen, 


Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  7,  18.32.  Ilis  father, 
though  born  in  this  country,  is  of  pure  Scottish  de- 
scent, and  wiis  reared  in  the  strict  forms  of  the 
Scotch  Presbyterians.  In  his  own  family  govern- 
ment he  was  always  kind,  but  very  firm.  In  all 
weathers  the  whole  family  were  re<|uired  to  attend 
church.     Morning  and   evening  prayer  was  never 


REV.  GALISH.V    A.VDERSOX,  D.D. 

omitted.  In  this  thoroughly  religious  method 
of  family  life  his  wife  sustained  him.  while  the 
children,  as  they  advanced  in  years,  fully  realized 
the  advantages  of  early  fidelity  to  principle  and  to 
law.  Dr.  Anderson's  father  and  mother  are  at  this 
date  (1880)  both  living,  the  former  at  the  age  of 
eighty,  the  latter  of  seventy-six. 

Until  the  age  of  seventeen  Galusha  was  engaged 
upon  his  father's  farm,  with  such  intervals  of  study 
as  the  di.strict  school  of  the  place  allowed.  At  that 
time  he  was  determined  to  be  a  lawyer,  made  po- 
litical speeches  and  delivered  temperance  lectures 
to  cows  and  trees  on  the  farm;  being  in  politics  a 
warm  partisan  of  Henry  Clay  and  a  protective 
tariff  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  staunch  advocate  of 
total  abstinence  on  the  other.  lie  was  also  an 
active  participant  in  the  exercises  of  a  debating 
society  at  the  district  school-house,  reciting  pieces 
at  exhibitions  given  by  the  society,  when  every- 
body in  the  neighborhood  came  to  hear. 

At  thirteen  vears  of  ago  he  was  converted,  and 
was  baptized  by  Kev.  Martin  Coleman  in  the  town 
of  Sweden,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  the  spring  of 
1844.  At  .seventeen,  after  a  severe  struggle,  he 
yieliled  to  convictions  of  duty  upon  the  subject  of 
becoming  a  minister,  and  entered  Alfred  Academy, 


ANDEJiSOX 


32 


AXDEHSOX 


in  Alleghany  County,  to  prepare  for  college.  In 
1851  he  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester.  Ilis  course  at  tlie  university 
was  an  unusually  successful  one.  Ho  took  the 
prize  in  Sophimiore  ilcliatc,  the  first  jirize  in  Sopho- 
more declamation,  had  the  place  of  honor  at  the 
Junior  exhihition,  and  on  heliulf  of  the  students  of 
the  university  delivered  the  address  to  Dr.  A.  C. 
Kendrick  upon  his  return  from  Greece.  It  may 
he  also  mentioned  in  this  connection  that  Dr.  An- 
derson was  the  first  Rochester  alumnus  to  receive 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  that  univer- 
sity. Graduating  in  18J4,  he  entered  tlie  'I'hco- 
logioal  Seminary,  and  from  it  graduated  in  1856. 
In  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Janesvillc,  Wis. 

At  ■Tancsvillc  Dr.  An<ierson  remained  two  years, 
a  pastorate  which  he  regards  as  the  most  successful 
work  of  his  life.  At  the  earnest  solicitation  of 
brethren  t>oth  in  St.  Louis  and  in  the  East,  he  ac- 
cepted, in  the  fall  of  IS.iS,  the  pastorate  of  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  St.  Louis.  Here  he  re- 
mained until  ISOO.  holding  his  post  during  all  tin' 
agitations  of  the  war,  and  keeping  his  church 
strongly  loyal.  In  St.  Louis  he  organized  a  societ\' 
for  church  extension,  through  whose  means  three 
dnirches  were  helped  into  a  self-supporting  condi- 
tion. In  the  autumn  of  1S66  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Ilomiletics,  Church  Polity,  and  Pastoral 
Duties  in  the  Newton  Theological  Institution. 
Here  he  remained  seven  years,  hut  was  drawn 
back  to  the  pastorate  liy  his  love  for  that  work  in 
1873,  at  the  Strong  Place  church,  Brooklyn,  and 
in  June,  1876,  at  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Chi- 
cago. In  February,  1878.  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  University  of  Chicago,  and,  resigning  his 
pastorate,  entered  at  once  upon  the  duties  of  that 
office. 

The  university  at  this  time  stood  in  need  of  the 
qualities  of  character,  intellect,  and  nioi-al  force 
which  Dr.  Anderson  brought  to  its  service.  The 
good  effect  of  his  firm,  intelligent,  manly  course 
began  at  once  to  appear.  New  friends  rallied  to 
the  support  of  the  institution,  old  friends  took  heart 
anew,  and  as  we  now  write  there  are  reasons  to 
believe  that  this  work,  to  which,  in  the  prime  of 
his  powers.  Dr.  Anderson  is  now  giving  himself,  is 
to  crown  a  distinguished  and  successful  career  with 
a  service  to  which  few  men  would  he  found  cijual. 

Anderson,  Rev.  George  W.,  D.D.,  was  horn  in 

Plnlad.'lphia,  Pa..  Miiy  lo.  ISKi.  II,.  was  baptized 
March  20.  1836,  by  Rev.  J.  J.  Woolsey.  and  re- 
ceived into  the  fellowship  of  the  Central  church, 
Philadelphia.  He  graduated  from  Madison  Uni- 
versity, N.  Y.,  in  1844.  and  from  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1846.  Received  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Lewisliurg  University. 
In  1S46  elforts  were  made  to  establish  the  uni- 


versity at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  as  one  means  for 
facilitating  these  efforts  it  was  thought  wise  to 
publish  a  Baptist  paper.  The  Christian  Chronit-le 
was  the  outgrowth  of  this  entcrpri.se,  and  Dr.  An- 
derson was  invited  to  the  editorship.  From  this 
date  a  new  and  better  era  began  for  the  Baptists 
of  Pennsylvania. 


!kp^^-'< 


REV.  GEOliOE    W.   AXDERSO.V,    D.D. 

In  1849  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  Latin 
Language  and  Literature  in  the  university  at 
Lewisburg.  In  1854  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Northeast  church.  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  Although 
he  had  preached  previously,  yet  up  to  this  time  he 
had  refused  ordination  because  he  was  not  engaged 
in  pastoral  work.  In  August,  1858.  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Lower  Merion  church,  Montgomery 
Co.,  Pa.  In  1864  he  was  made  book  editor  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  in  wliich 
position  he  still  continues  to  render  valuable  ser- 
vice to  our  denominational  literature.  On  the 
boards  of  the  Publication  S(!ciety.  ami  of  tin'  tins- 
tees  of  the  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  he  has 
also  contributed  largely  to  the  success  of  mission- 
arv  and  educational  work.  He  is  a  clear  thinker 
and  a  forcible  writer. 

He  was  married  April.  1847.  to  Miss  Maria 
Frances,  daughter  of  Thomas  F.  Hill.  Esq.,  of 
Exeter.  Enghinil. 

Anderson,  Rev.  J.  D.,  pastor  at  Byhulia.  .Miss., 
is  a  native  of  that  State,  born  in  1852.  He  began 
to  preach  in  1868.  Spent  two  years  at  Missi.ssippi 
College,  and  two  at  the  Southern  Baptist  'i'lu'ologi- 
cal  Seminary.  He  taught  Latin  and  Greek  in 
Blue  Mountain  College   five  years,   and  supplied 


ANDERSON 


33 


ANDERSON 


country  churches.  After  one  year  at  Longtown 
he  iicci'ptod  his  present  pastorate. 

Anderson,  Rev.  J.  Richard,  pastor  of  the 
Secuiid  African  Baptist  cliurch  in  St.  Louis,  was 
born  in  Shawneetown,  III.  Ills  parents  were  slaves 
in  Virginia.  He  came  with  the  sister  of  Attorney- 
General  Bates  to  Missouri.  His  educati<in  began  in 
the  Sabbath-school  of  the  First  Colored  church  in 
St.  Louis,  organized  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Peck.  He  was 
converted  under  Rev.  Jerry  Meachuui's  preaching, 
and  he  was  baptized  in  the  First  African  church  of 
St.  Louis.  In  1847  he  became  associate  pastor  with 
Rev.  Richard  Snethen  of  the  Second  African  Bap- 
tist church  in  St.  Louis;  and  in  184'J  he  tnok  sole 
charge  of  the  church,  which  he  retained  till  his 
death,  four  years  after.  Ilis  son  is  now  his  suc- 
cessor in  this  pastorate. 

Mr.  Anderson  built  a  house  of  worship,  which, 
with  the  lot,  cost  §12,U00.  He  gave  his  whole 
salary  one  year  to  the  edifice  fuml,  and  he  solicited 
the  rest  of  the  money.  He  was  a  wise  pastor.  He 
hail  a  revival  every  year  in  his  church.  He  was 
acciuaintcd  with  Greek  and  Latin,  and  expounded 
the  Scriptures  systematically  on  Sabbath  mornings. 
Dr.  Galusha  Anderson,  in  his  memorial  sermon  of 
him,  says  "his  sermons  were  clear  and  pointed." 
He  was  loved  in  his  Imme  and  church,  and  respected 
in  the  community.  One  hundred  and  seventy-five 
carriages  were  in  the  procession  that  followed  him 
to  his  grave. 

Anderson,  Martin  Brewer,  LL  D.,  president 
of  the  University  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  was  born 
in  Brunswick,  Me.,  Feb.  12,  1815.  He  inherited 
from  his  father,  who  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent, 
an  unusual  degree  of  physical  and  intellectual 
vigor,  strong  emotional  impulses,  and  a  sympa- 
thetic nature.  His  mother,  who  was  of  English 
origin,  was  a  woman  of  marked  intellectual  quali- 
ties, possessing  quick  powers  of  discernment,  a 
cautions  but  firm  jmlgment,  combined  with  inten- 
sity of  moral  conviction. 

At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  devoted  all  his  leisure 
to  the  acquisition  of  general  knowledge.  A  well- 
organized  debating  club,  composed  of  men  of  ma- 
ture age  and  experience,  furnished  a  motive  for 
independent  study  and  an  arena  for  intellectual 
discipline.  With  this  as  an  incentive,  he  pursued 
a  course  of  reading  which  extended  over  a  wide 
range  of  subjects,  including  history,  politics,  and 
general  literature.  The  passion  for  learning  thus 
developed,  accompanied  by  an  awakened  interest  in 
religion,  led  him  to  look  towards  a  professional 
career.  He  completed  his  preparatory  course  of 
study,  and  in  IS.'JG  entered  Watervillc  College  (now 
Colby  University).  His  college  training  gave  a 
severer  discipline  to  his  already  vigorous  mind, 
and  reduced  to  a  more  scientific  firm  the  knowl- 
edge he  had  previously  acquired.     While  in  college 


he  was  specially  devoted  to  mathematics,  the  natu- 
ral sciences,  and  intellectual  philnsophy.  lie  grad- 
uated in  1840,  holding  a  very  high  position  in  his 
class.  During  the  following  year  he  pursued  a 
course  of  study  in  the  theological  seminary  at 
Newton,  Mass. 


M.  B.   .ANDERSON',  LL.D. 

In  1841  he  was  appointed  tutor  of  Latin.  Greek, 
and  Mathematics  in  Watcrville  College,  which  po- 
sition he  held  for  two  years.  During  the  winter 
vacation  of  1843-43  he  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the 
E  Street  Baptist  church  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
there  delivered  a  sermon  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives which  brought  him  into  the  favorable 
notice  of  a  number  of  public  men,  among  whom 
was  John  Quincy  Adams.  Unfi>rtunatcly,  at  this 
time,  on  account  of  the  loss  of  his  voice,  he  was 
compelled  to  discontinue  public  speaking.  In  the 
fall  of  1843  he  was  promoted  to  the  professorship 
of  Rhetoric  in  Watervillc  College.  Besides  his 
regular  instruction  in  rhetoric  and  literary  criti- 
cism, he  taught  cla-sses  in  Latin,  delivered  a  course 
of  lectures  upon  modern  history,  and  pursued  a 
special  investigation  upon  tlie  origin  and  growth 
of  the  English  language.  This  position  not  only 
afforded  a  means  of  giving  greater  breadth  and 
thoroughness  to  his  general  scholarship,  but  also, 
on  account  of  his  special  duties,  opened  a  sphere 
for  the  development  of  the  administrative  capacity 
for  which  he  has  since  become  distinguished. 

In  1850  he  resigned  his  profes.soi"ship  and  re- 
moved to  New  York  City,  where  he  became  propri- 
etor and  editor-in-chief  of  the  -Yt-ir  York  Recorder, 
a  weekly  Baptist  journal.     As  a  journalist  he  was 


ANDEllSON 


34 


ANDERSON 


marked  by  <;n>at  eiu-rsiy  and  iierseverance,  l)y  the 
learning  and  discrimination  of  liis  literary  criti- 
cisms, and  by  the  vigor  and  incisiveness  of  his 
editorials,  whidi,  from  the  necessities  of  his  pnsi- 
tion  at  that  time,  were  fre(|uenlly  of  a  controver- 
sial character.  Through  the  iniii'pendont  jiosition 
which  lie  assumed  as  an  editor,  and  the  intellectual 
capacity  which  he  displayed,  he  obtained  a  wide 
inllucnce  in  the  denomination,  and  was  brought 
prominently  before  the  public  nt  large. 

In  1853  he  was  unanimously  elected  the  first 
president  of  the  University  of  llochestcr.  Tliis 
position  he  lias  since  retained,  notwithstanding  the 
many  inducements  held  out  to  him  to  change  his 
field  of  labor.  By  his  unswerving  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  education,  and  by  a  career  of  uninter- 
rupted success,  he  has  attained  a  position  among 
the  foremost  educators  of  the  present  day.  His 
success  as  an  educator  during  this  period  has  de- 
pended largely  upon  his  extensive  and  varied  ac- 
quirements as  a  scholar,  his  high  conception  of 
the  functions  of  the  teacher,  ami  his  unusual  ca- 
pacity for  administration. 

Ilis  scholarsliip  has  been  of  the  most  compre- 
hensive and  liberal  type.  It  has  been  developed 
not  so  much  by  the  exclusive  study  of  any  special 
science  as  by  the  application  of  a  general  mciluxl 
to  many  branches  of  thouglit.  This  method,  com- 
bining the  comparative  and  liistorical  modes  of 
investigation,  has  been  a  constant  incentive  to 
push  his  inquiries  beyond  the  limits  of  any  single 
science  or  any  special  group  of  sciences.  Gifted 
by  nature  with  an  untiring  industry  and  a  versa- 
tile mind,  with  a  capacity  for  rapiil  acquisition  and 
a  genius  fur  perceiving  the  broadest  relations  among 
the  facts  of  nature  and  mind,  he  has  pursued  iiis 
investigations  into  an  unusual  number  of  the  de- 
partments of  human  knowledge.  The  results  of 
many  of  these  lines  of  investigation  liave  been  or- 
ganized into  courses  of  study  anil  presented  to  the 
students  under  his  charge. 

These  courses  are  illustrative  of  the  direction 
and  range  of  his  scholarship,  and  the  most  im- 
portant of  them  may  lie  briefly  referred  to.  The 
first  completed  course  of  lectures,  made  after  his 
accession  to  the  presidency,  was  upon  Intellectual 
Philosophy.  This  was  prefaced  by  a  discussion 
of  scientific  method,  illustrating  the  fundamental 
principles  involved  in  the  genesis  and  organization 
of  the  various  sciences,  and  also  the  possibility  of 
sulijecting  mental  facts  to  scientific  analysis  an<l 
interpretation.  As  a  prominent  feature  of  his 
philosophical  teaching,  he  enforced  the  reality  of 
perception  as  a  fact  of  consciousness  as  opposed  to 
idealism  on  the  one  hand  and  sensationalism  on 
the  other.  lie  also  expounded  the  history  of  the 
doctrine  of  perception  from  the  time  of  Plato  to 
the  present,  and  showed  the  relation  of  the  vari- 


ous forms  of  the  doctrine  to  the  theory  accepted  as 
the  true  one.  While  recognizing  elements  of  truth 
in  opposing  systems  of  philosophy,  he  combated 
the  tendencies  alike  of  idealistic  jiantheism  and  of 
modern  materialistic  evolution.  This  course,  which 
has  been  continued  in  its  essential  plan  to  the  pres- 
ent time,  was  supplemented  by  lectures  on  Moral 
Pliiliisophy,  in  which  he  enforced  the  reality  of 
moral  distinctions  as  opposed  to  associations  and 
utilitarian  theories.  He  al.so  organized  a  new 
course  of  lectures  on  History,  coni)irising  such 
subjects  as  the  Decline  of  the  Roman  Kmpire,  the 
Feudal  System,  Mcihamiiieilanism,  the  Oru.sades, 
the  Canon  Law.  the  history  of  Labor,  Transporta- 
tion, and  the  series  of  agencies  which  developed 
the  States  System  of  Europe.  An  extended  cour-se 
of  lectures  was  subsequently  developed  upon  Po- 
litical Economy,  which  comprehended  not  only  the 
general  principles  of  production,  exchange,  and 
consumption  as  usually  treated,  but  special  and 
exhaustive  discussions  upon  the  Scientific  Trie- 
ories  of  Money,  the  Banking  System,  Taxation. 
International  Commerce,  and  the  Effects  of  Free 
Trade  and  Protection  upon  National  Prosperity, 
these  lectures  being  frequently  illustrated  by  e.\- 
amples  taken  from  ancient  and  modern  history. 
He  has  also  delivered  lectures  upnn  Constitu- 
tional Law,  drawing  comparative  illustrations 
from  the  Constitutions  of  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain,  upon  the  Relation  of  Ethics  to  Juris- 
prudence, which  course  was  originally  presented 
at  Cincinnati  in  1S70,  and  also  upon  Art  Criti- 
cism, and  the  History  of  the  Fine  Arts,  including 
Architecture,  Sculpture,  Painting,  and  Engraving. 
Besiiles  the  investigations  neccs.«ary  for  the  organ- 
ization of  these  definite  courses  of  study,  he  has 
preserved  a  scholarly  interest  in  the  other  di-part- 
ments  of  a  collegiate  course,  especially  Malliemat- 
ics,  the  Natural  Sciences,  Philology,  and  (icneral 
Literature. 

His  broad  scholarship  has  yet  been  made  tributary 
and  conducive  to  his  work  as  a  teacher  and  general 
administrator.  He  has  acquired  knowledge  in  order 
to  impart  it,  and  to  make  it  the  instrument  of  power 
and  the  means  of  moulding  character.  As  an  ad- 
ministrative officer  he  holds  a  pre-eminent  position 
among  educators.  This  is  ilue,  in  great  part,  to  the 
magnetic  inspiration  which  he  gives  to  young  men, 
the  personal  supervision  and  interest  which  he  man- 
ifests in  all  the  departments  of  instruction,  and  the 
common  organic  spirit  which  he  impresses  upon  all 
the  educational  agencies  placed  under  his  control. 

While  his  attention  and  energies  have  been  de- 
voted principally  to  the  cause  of  education  and  the 
interests  of  the  institution  with  which  he  is  con- 
nected, he  has  ahso  taken  .an  important  part  in  re- 
ligious and  denominational  aff'airs.  lie  has  deliv- 
ered sermons  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  and 


ANDERSON 


35 


ANDERSON 


has  rendered  valuable  assistance  in  organizing  and 
extending  the  worli  connected  with  American  and 
foreign  nvissions.  He  lias  been  president  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society,  and  for  three  years  was 
president  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Society.  lie  has, 
besides,  been  actively  engaged  in  matters  of  social 
and  political  importance,  in  which  he  has  exhibited 
the  ))ractical  capacity  of  the  man  of  affairs. 

During  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  earnestly 
devoted  to  the  national  cause.  lie  wrote  many 
editorials  and  delivered  stirring  speeches  in  favor 
of  the  Union,  and  ren<lered  efficient  service  on  com- 
mittees for  the  raising  of  soldiers.  In  ISOS  he  was 
appointed  on  the  New  York  State  Hoard  of  Chari- 
ties as  member  from  the  seventh  judicial  district. 
As  member  of  this  board  he  has  served  on  commit- 
tees of  investigation,  and  has  written  valuable  re- 
ports to  the  Legislature  upon  economical  subjects. 
As  a  kind  of  recognition  of  his  position  as  a  public 
man  might  be  mentioned  his  election  in  lS72as  an 
lionorary  member  of  the  Colnlen  Club  in  England. 

The  writings  of  President  Anderson  have  been 
considerable,  although  never  published  in  a  col- 
lected form.  They  have  accompanied  and  grown 
out  of  the  work  and  special  lines  of  inquiry  in 
whicli  he  has  been  engaged.  They  are  comprised 
for  the  most  part  in  newspaper  editorials,  in  arti- 
cles for  reviews,  in  discourses  and  essays  on  educa- 
tion, religious  addresses,  papers  on  social  science, 
official  reports,  and  articles  for  encyclopaedias. 
Many  of  his  editorials  possess  a  permanent  literary 
value  from  their  scholarly  treatment  of  subjects 
relating  to  religion,  politics,  ami  education.  lie 
published,  some  years  ago,  a  series  of  articles  in 
the  Christian  lleeiew,  the  most  important  of  which 
are  the  following:  "The  Origin  and  Political  Life 
of  the  English  Race"  (1850),  '"Language  as  a 
Means  of  Classifying  Man"  (1859),  •'  Sir  William 
Hamilton's  Lectures''  (1860),  "  Berkeley  and  His 
Works"  (1861),  "Growth  and  Relation  of  the  Sci- 
ences" (1862),  and  "  The  Arabian  Philosophy" 
(1862).  His  discourses  upon  education  comprise 
among  others  his  inaugural  address  on  "The  Ends 
and  Means  of  a  Liberal  Educaticm,"  delivered  July 
II,  1854;  a  paper  on  the  "Study  of  the  Fine 
Arts,"  published  in  the  Report  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Education ;  a  paper  on  the  "  Univer- 
sity of  the  Nineteenth  Century,"  read  before 
the  National  Baptist  Educational  Convention  ;  a 
paper  on  "Voluntaryism  in  Education,"  read  be- 
fore the  University  Convocation  of  the  State  of 
New  York.  Among  his  published  religious  ad- 
dresses may  be  mentioned  an  address  delivered  in 
Brooklyn  in  1874,  on  the  "  Liiymen  of  the  Baptist 
Church,"  a  speech  at  the  Evangelical  Alliance  on 
the  "Doctrine  of  Evolution,"  a  paper  before  the 
same  body  on  the  "  Right  Use  of  Wealth."  The 
most  important  of   his  official    reports  are  those 


which  he  has  made  as  member  of  the  New  York 
State  Board  of  Charities,  upon  "  Out-Door  Relief," 
and  upon  "  Alien  Paupers,"  published  in  the  Eighth 
Annual  Report  (1875),  and  also  a  report  on  the 
condition  of  the  Institution  for  the  Blind  at  Batavia, 
N.  Y.  As  a  further  illustration  of  his  economical 
opinions  may  be  noticed  a  paper  read  before  the 
Social  Science  Congress  at  Saratoga,  on  the  "  Means 
of  Relief  from  the  Burden  of  For<;ign  Paupers" 
(1875),  as  well  as  a  speech  delivered  at  the  Adam 
Smith  centennial,  held  in  New  York  (1876).  As 
associate  editor  of  Johnson's  Cyclopjedia,  he  has 
contributed  articles  to  that  work  on  ethnology, 
philosoiihy,  ajsthetics,  and  Baptist  Church  history. 
All  these  writings  are  characterized  by  rhetorical 
vigor  and  directness,  and  by  the  appropriation  of 
a  wide  range  of  knowledge  for  the  purpose  of 
clearly  illustrating  and  of  giving  weight  and  sig- 
nificance to  the  special  subjects  treated. 

The  most  important  part  of  the  life  and  labors 
of  President  An<lerson  has  Iteen  devoted  to  t!ie 
general  cause  of  education,  and  to  the  special  in- 
terests of  the  University  of  Rochester.  His  edu- 
cational labors  have  scarcely  been  interrupted  by 
any  cause  whatever  since  his  connection  with  this 
institution.  A  severe  illness  in  1877,  during  which 
his  life  was  despaired  of,  compelled  a  temporary 
discontinuance  of  his  duties.  But  his  com|ilete 
recovery  has  enabled  him  to  resume  his  former 
position,  which  he  nnw  fills  with  unabated  vigor. 

Anderson,  Rev.  Eobert  T.,  was  the  son  of 
John  Ander.son,  an  inlluential  citizen  and  a  zeal- 
ous Baptist.  He  was  burn  in  Caroline  Co.,  Va., 
April  9,  1782,  and  was  educated  in  the  private 
school  of  Rev.  Mr.  Nelson.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  married  Patsy  Lowry,  an  accompli.-hed 
Christian  woman,  and  in  1818  he  moved  to  Green 
Co.,  Ky.  Here  he  found  peace  in  Jesus,  and  was 
baptized  by  William  Warder  in  1821.  He  was  set 
apart  to  the  gospel  ministry  about  the  year  1829, 
in  Mount  Gilead  church.  The  year  following  lie 
moved  to  Logan  Co.,  Ky.  In  1832  he  took  charge 
of  Hopewell  church,  in  Tennessee.  At  different 
periods  he  was  jiastor  of  Keysburg,  Ilopkinsville, 
West  Union,  and  some  other  churches.  He  was 
an  able  and  laborious  minister,  and  through  grace 
accomplished  much  for  the  Master.  Mr.  .Vnderson 
was  a  distinguished  educator,  and  was  probably 
the  first  man  in  the  West  who  attempted  to  teach 
letters  to  deaf-mutes.  In  this  he  succeeded  so  well 
that  he  taught  som<^  of  his  pupils  to  articulate  dis- 
tinctly.    He  died  June  8,  1S54. 

Anderson,  Thomas  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,  June  30.  ISl'.t.  In  his  early  years  his 
parents  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  where  the 
son  received  his  academic  training.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1838,  and  at 
Newton  Theological  Seminary  in   1841.     He  was 


ANVKh'SDX 


36 


AAVliEnS 


ordained  and  settled  in  1842  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  cliurcli  of  Salem,  Mass.  Settled  with  this 
old  clnirch  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years,  he  soon 
Avon  his  way  into  the  hearts  of  the  entire  ooin- 
nuinity.  Many  useful  lives  have  borne  witness  to 
the  gonil  aeeomplisheil  during  the  six  years  of  that 
pastorate. 


TIIOM.AS    I).  ANDERSON,  D.D. 

In  June,  184)<,  he  settled  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Uo.\bury,  Mass.,  remaining  nearly  four- 
teen years,  during  which  the  congregation  largely 
increased,  the  church  erected  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful edifices  in  the  country,  and  he  was  instru- 
mental in  bringing  many  to  Christ.  Constrained 
by  his  convictions  of  duty,  but  sorrowing  greatly  to 
leave  his  charge,  Dr.  Anderson  accepted,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1802,  the  call  extended  to  him  to  become  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  New  York  City. 
In  a  few  years  they  built  the  beautiful  edifice  on 
the  corner  of  Thirty-ninth  .Street  and  Park  Avenue, 
which  was  dedicated  Oct.  1,  1871.  The  fbUowing 
extract  from  the  letter  of  a  member  of  the  New 
York  bar  expresses  the  writer's  opinion  of  the 
jiastor  of  the  First  church,  N.  Y.:  "Dr.  Anderson 
is  tall  and  commanding  in  appearance,  has  a  mild 
and  pleasant  expression  of  face,  and  his  presence, 
whether  in  or  out  of  the  pulpit,  is  attractive  and 
impressive,  lie  is  a  man  of  marked  purity  of  char- 
acter and  sincerity  and  earnestness  of  purpose,  an 
accurate  thinker,  and  strong  and  zealous  in  his  con- 
victions. ...  As  a  preacher  he  probably  has  few 
superiors.  He  has  no  difficulty  in  securing  the 
attention  of  his  hearers.''  Dr.  Anderson's  illus- 
trations  are   vivid   pictures,   which,    having   once 


been  seen,  are  never  effaced  from  the  memory. 
Dr.  Anderson  has  been  connected  during  nearly 
the  whole  of  his  ministry  with  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union,  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  and  all  our  denominational  insti- 
tutions, lie  has  been  a  trustee  of  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institute  and  of  Madison  University,  lie 
has  also,  in  addition  to  his  pastorate,  for  four  years 
administered  the  presidency  of  Rutgers  Female 
College,  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

A  morbid  reluctance  to  appear  in  print  has  |irc- 
ventcd  Dr.  Anderson  from  submitting  his  writings 
for  publication,  hence  only  occasional  serttions  and 
addresses  have  been  published.  Among  these  are 
"A  Funeral  Oration  on  President  Zachary  Taylor" 
before  the  city  government  of  Roxbury,  and  "The 
Election  Sermon"  liefore  the  executive  and  legis- 
lative dejiartments  of  the  government  of  Massachu- 
setts. His  degree  of  D.D.  was  bestowed  by  Brown 
University  in  1859. 

Dr.  Anderson  resigned  his  charge  in  New  York 
in  the  autumn  of  1878,  and  .accepted  a  call  to  Boston. 
A  more  devoted  Christian  or  an  abler  pastor  does 
not  labor  in  our  dpnomination. 

Andreivs,  Rev.  Reddin,  Jr.,  A.M.,  was  born 
in  Fayette  Co.,  Texas,  Jan.  18,  1848.  In  July,  1863, 


REV.     REDDIN     ANDREWS.  JR.,   A.M. 

in  his  fifteenth  year,  he  joined  the  Confederate 
army,  and  remained  in  it  two  years.  In  July,  1865, 
he  was  baptized  in  the  Colorado  River  by  Elder  P. 
B.  Chandler.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  Shiloh 
church  in  January,  1867.  He  entered  Baylor  Uni- 
versity Fell.  4,  1807,  and  remained  there,  with  some 
interruptions,  till  June,  1871,  when  he  graduated 


ANDREWS 


37 


ANGUS 


with  distinction.  In  September,  1871,  he  entered 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  Green- 
ville, S.  C,  where  he  remained  till  May,  1873.  He 
entered  upon  the  pastorate  witli  brij;ht  prospects, 
and  discharged  its  duties  with  siiriial  success.  In 
1875  he  became  a  professor  in  Baylor  University. 
At  present  he  is  tlie  beloved  ]iastor  of  Culvert 
church. 

No  man  in  Texas  of  his  age  stands  higher  for 
scholarship,  doctrinal  soundness,  firmness  of  pur- 
pose, and  entire  consecration  to  tlic  gosp(d  ministry. 

Andrews,  Newton  Lloyd,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of 
the  Greek  Language  and  Literature  in  Madison 
University,  was  born  in  Fabius,  N.  Y.,  in  1841. 
lie  prepared  for  college  at  the  public  high  school 
in  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  his  parents  then  resided. 
In  18.58  he  became  a  meml)er  of  the  First  Baptist 
cliureh  in  that  city,  and  tlie  same  year  entered  the 
Freshman  class  of  Madison  University.  He  gradu- 
ated from  the  university  in  1802,  and  from  the 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in  1864.  Imme- 
diately after  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the 
Grammar  School,  then  connected  witli  the  uni- 
versity. From  bSfiG  to  1808  he  was  Professor  of 
Latin,  but  in  181)8  he  was  elected  to  the  Greek 
professorsliip,  which  department  of  instruction  he 
has  since  held.  Hamilton  College  (Clinton,  N.  Y.) 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1878. 

Angell,  Rev.  George,  was  )]orn  in  Smithfield, 
R.  I.,  March  124,  \',>^i>.  In  early  life  he  was  brought 
in  contact  with  skeptical  companions,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one  was  a  confirmed  infidel.  It 
pleased  God,  however,  to  show  him  his  error,  and 
lead  him  thrmigh  the  deep  waters  of  conviction  for 
sin  out  into  "'the  liberty  wherewith  Christ  maketh 
free."  He  was  b.aptized,  and  joined  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Providence  in  M.iy,  180',).  Impressed 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  a)iplied 
for  a  license  from  the  church  of  which  he  was  a 
member,  and  received  their  approbation  March  7, 
1812,  and  was  ord.ained  as  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Aug.  28,  1813. 
In  .lune,  ISIG,  lie  removed  to  .Smithbridge,  Ma.ss., 
and  became  pastor  of  a  church  wliich  was  gathered 
by  his  clTorts  and  constituted  in  February,  1817. 
In  this  relation  he  was  blessed,  the  church  growing 
from  year  to  year  in  spiritual  strength  and  num- 
bers. Mr.  Angell  died  Feb.  14,  L827.  He  had  a 
warm  place  in  tlie  hearts  of  his  own  people  and  of 
his  ministering  liretliren. 

Angus,  Joseph,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Nortluimlierland,  England,  Jan.  16,  1816.  His 
family  had  been  long  connected  with  the  Baptist 
congregation  in  Newcastle,  and  when  quite  a  youth 
he  liecanie  a  member  of  the  eliurch  and  gave  promise 
of  gifts  for  the  ministry.  After  several  years'  study 
at  the  Newcastle  grammar  school  he  was  sent  to 
King's  College,  London,  and  thence  proceeded  to 


Edinburgh  University.  In  1834  he  entered  Stepney 
College,  London.  Subsecpientiy  he  returned  to 
Edinburgh,  and  took  his  degree  of  A.M.,  obtain- 
ing the  first  prize  in  mathematics,  in  Greek,  in 
logic,  and  in  belles-lettrc's,  and  the  gold  medal  in 
ethics  and  political  pliilosophy.  He  was  also  the 
successful  competitor  for  the  students'  prize  essay 
of  fifty  guineas  "on  the  influence  of  the  writings 
of  Lord  Bacon,"'  open  to  the  whole  university. 
When  he  was  scarcely  twenty-one  years  of  age  he 
received  a  call  to  tlie  pastorate  of  the  New  Park 
Street  church,  Londim  (now  the  Metrojiolitan  Talj- 
ernacle),  to  succeed  the  venerable  Dr.  Kippen.  Dr. 
Angus  held  the  pastorate  two  years,  and  in  1840 
accepted  the  ap|iointment  of  co-secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Society  with  the  Rev.  W.  Dyer, 
on  whose  death,  in  1842,  he  became  sole  secretary. 
While  he  held  the  secretaryship  the  income  of  the 
society  was  largely  increased  and  steadily  main- 
tained in  its  upward  tendency.  Missions  were  lie- 
gun  in  Africa,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  on  the  Eu- 
ropean continent.  He  also  visited  the  .societies 
stationed  in  the  West  Indies  to  complete  the  ar- 
rangements looking  to\v<ir<ls  the  independence  of 
the  Jamaica  churches.  In  18.30  he  was  ottered  the 
presidency  of  Stepney  College,  and  retired  from 
the  secretaryship  of  the  Missionary  Society.  Fn  m 
that  time  to  the  present  Dr.  Angus  has  been  the 
distinguished  head  of  that  institution,  now  known 
as  Regent's  Park  College,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
eminent  public  men  of  the  Baptist  faith  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  His  literary  labors  have  been 
abundant.  After  Dr.  Chalmers's  visit  to  London  in 
1838  to  deliver  a  course  of  lectures  in  defense  of 
church  establishments,  a  prize  of  one  hundred 
guineas  was  ottered  for  the  best  essay  in  answer 
to  Dr.  Chalmers.  The  essay  of  the  youthful  pas- 
tor of  New  Park  Street  obtained  the  prize,  and  was 
immediately  published  under  the  title  of  "  Tlie  Vol- 
untary System."  Some  years  later  he  delivered  a 
series  of  four  lectures  on  "  The  Advantages  of  a 
Classical  Education  as  an  Auxiliary  to  a  Commer- 
cial Education."  Dr.  Angus  h.as  been  singularly 
successful  in  writing  prize  essays  and  lectures. 
Seldom  has  he  entered  the  lists  without  obtaining 
a  prize.  In  1862  his  essay  entitled  "Christian 
Churches:  the  noblest  form  of  social  life;  the 
representatives  id'  Christ  on  earth  ;  the  dwi  lling- 
plaoe  of  the  ILdy  Spirit,"  obtained  the  first  award 
out  of  a  large  number  of  competitors  lor  the  prizes 
ottered  by  the  Congregational  Union  to  celebrate 
the  bi-centcnary  of  non-conformity  in  England. 
At  a  later  period  a  gentleman  in  the  service  of  the 
government  in  India  invited  the  publication  of  a 
small  volume  on  the  life  of  Christ,  adapted  to  mis- 
sionary purposes,  and  suitable  liir  translation  into 
the  languages  of  India.  Dr.  Angus's  book,  "  Clirist 
our  Life,  in  its  Origin,  Law,  and  End,''  obtained  the 


APPELEGATE 


38 


ARKANSAS 


prize  out  of  sixty-four  essays  sent  in  to  the  adju- 
dicators, lie  lias  been  a  frequent  contributor  to 
tlie  pcrii)dical  literature  of  the  day,  and  several 
valuable  educational  works  have  proceeded  from 
his  ready  pen.  Anioni;  tlie.se  may  be  named  "  'I'lie 
Bible  Hand-book,"  published  in  1.S.54  ;  "  The  Iliiiul- 
book  of  the  Eni:lisli  Toiii;ue,''  for  students  unac- 
quainted witli  the  history  of  the  lanfjuage  and  its 
principles  of  grammar,  etc.;  "The  Hand-book  of 
Enj;lish  Literature,"  written  with  a  similar  aim, 
and  carrying  the  student  farther  on  this  valualile 
line  of  study;  "  Specimens  of  English  Literature." 
illustrating  the  principles  of  ciiticisni  laid  down  in 
the  previous  volumes  ;  also  an  edition  of  Bishop 
Butler's  Analogy  and  Sermons.  Besides  these 
works,  which  are  included  in  the  Religious  Tract 
Society's  publications.  Dr.  Angus  has  edited  Way- 
land's  "  Moral  Science"  and  '•  Life  of  .Judson."' 
AVIien  the  revision  of  the  Scriptures  was  under- 
taken Dr.  Angus  was  invited  to  become  a  member 
of  the  New  Testament  Company,  and  in  this  great 
public  service  he  has  continuously  labored  to  the 
present  time.  On  the  passing  of  the  education  act 
Dr.  Angus  was  elected  on  the  London  school  board, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1S77.  He  has  also  held  for 
several  years  the  olBce  of  examiner  in  English  lit- 
erature and  history  in  the  London  University.  The 
degree  of  D. D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Brown 
University  in  185:!.  From  his  brethren  in  England 
he  received  in  1865  the  highest  honor  they  have  to 
confer  in  being  chosen  president  of  the  Baptist 
Union,  when  he  delivered  two  addresses  which  had 
a  wide  circulation.  He  enunciated  the  distinctive 
principles  of  the  body  in  a  clear  and  striking  man- 
ner, and  efiFectively  aided  the  movement  towards 
united  and  aggressive  denominational  activity.  In 
1871  he  preached  one  of  the  annual  sermons  before 
the  Missionary  Society,  and  by  a  cogent  array  of 
statistics  demonstrated  the  practicability  of  the 
speedy  evangelization  of  the  world,  so  far  at  least 
as  to  secure  the  publication  of  the  gospel  to  all  the 
nations.  For  his  devout  spirit,  varied  .accomplish- 
ments, and  incessant  ixctivity  Dr.  Angus  commands 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  Christians  of  all  coni- 
miinioiis  in  the  iniithcr-country. 

Appelegate,  James  L.,  was  born  Sept.  3, 1836, 
in  Charleston  Co.,  Mo.  He  w.-is  converted  May  10, 
1853,  and  baptized  by  Elder  James  II.  Tattle.  He 
first  joined  the  Keytesville  Baptist  church,  and 
after  five  years'  membership  united  with  thechundi 
at  Brunswick,  Mo.  In  1875  he  transferred  his 
meiii])ership  to  the  Third  Baptist  church  of  .St. 
Louis,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  board  of  William  Jewell  College,  and  of  the 
General  Association  of  Missouri.  He  is  a  man 
of  intelligence  and  piety,  a  great  friend  of  religious 
work.  He  loves  his  church  and  denomination,  and 
is  a  generous  contributor  to  every  good  cause. 


Appleton,  Prof.  Jolm  Howard,  was  horn  in 
Portland,  Me.,  Feb.  8,  1844.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  in  the  Providence  High  School,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1863.  In 
1864  he  was  appointed  assistant  in  the  Chemical 
Laboratory  of  Brown  Inivprsity.  and  in  1868  the 
"Newport-Rogers  Professor  of  Chemistry."  Prof. 
Appleton  has  published  several  books  on  chemis- 
try, viz. :  "  The  Young  Chemist,"  •'  The  Class- 
book  of  Modern  Chemistry,"  "  The  Book  (;f  Chem- 
ical Reactions."  "  A  Short  Course  in  Qualitative 
.Vnalysis,"  and  ''  An  Introduction  to  Quantitative 
Analysis." 

Ardis,  Rev.  Henry  Z.,  a  prominent  minister 
residing  near  Homer,  La.;  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1811.  After  preaching  some  time  in  his  native 
State  he  removed  to  Florida,  where  he  labored  effi- 
ciently for  twenty-five  years.  He  then  went  to 
Louisiana  in  1871,  in  which  State  he  has  filled 
several  prominent  pastorates. 

Arkadelphia  High  School,  located  at  Arkadel- 
phia,  Ark.,  was  established  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Shaw  in 
1875.  It  is  under  the  patronage  of  the  Liberty 
Baptist  Association,' and  is  in  a  flourishing  condi- 
tion. During  the  term  which  closed  .June,  1880, 
about  175  pupils  were  in  attendance. 

Arkansas. — One  of  the  States  of  the  American 
Union,  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop. 
484.500.  Baptists  (estimated),  whites,  about  45.Uii(i : 
colored,  about  20,000.  The  sentiments  of  the  Bap- 
tists were  first  propagated  towards  the  close  of  the 
la.st  centiiiv  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  Arkan- 
sas, which  was  then  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Lou- 
isiana. A  few  zealous  Baptist  preachers  followed 
the  tide  of  population  that  flowed  into  this  terri- 
tory from  the  settlements  along  the  Mississippi 
River  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Missouri.  Of 
their  labors  it  must  be  confessed  too  little  notice 
has  been  taken,  and  few  records  have  been  pre- 
served. Dr.  Benedict,  in  his  history,  says,  "  Rev. 
David  Orr  appears  to  have  been  the  instrument 
in  planting  a  considerable  number  of  the  first 
churches  of  which  I  have  gained  any  information. 
Cotemporary  with  Mr.  Orr.  or  perhaps  a  short 
time  before  him  on  this  ground,  were  Benjamin 
Clark,  Jesse  James,  and  -J.  P.  Edwards.  The  first 
church  of  our  order  organized  in  the  territory  of 
Arkansas  was  at  Fonche  a  Thomas,  in  Lawrence 
County,  towards  the  close  of  the  last  century." 

At  the  end  of  twenty  years  a  snfiicient  number 
of  churches  had  been  gathered  in  the  northeastern 
part  of  the  State  to  organize  the  White  River  As- 
sociation, and  a  few  years  later  two  other  Associa- 
tions appear  in  this  region. 

The  southern  part  of  the  State  was  settled  some- 
what later.  About  1830,  Rev.  E.  B.  Carter  waa 
operating  in  Saline  County,  where  he  had  proba- 
bly been  living  several  years.     By  his  instrumen- 


ABKAXSAS 


39 


All. VITA  GK 


tality  some  of  the  first  churches  were  organized. 
Soon  afterwards  Isaac  C.  Perkins  settled  in  Hemp- 
stead County,  and  gathered  a  numher  of  churches 
in  this  and  the  surrounding  counties.  In  1.H3G  the 
churches  in  South  Arlcansas  were  organized  into 
an  Association  called  Saline,  from  the  county  of 
the  same  name  in  which  most  of  the  churches 
were  located.  Soon  after  these  early  preachers 
were  joined  hy  others,  the  most  distinguished  of 
whom  was  Dr.  John  Meek,  who  settled  in  Union 
County  near  the  Ouachita  River.  In  1.S41  the 
anti-mission  troubles  resulted  in  the  withdrawal 
of  a  number  of  churches  and  ministers,  and  the 
formation  of  an  Association  of  the  anti-mission 
order.  During  the  next  decade  many  distin- 
guished ministers  arose  in  this  region.  Among 
those  ordained  here  may  be  named  II.  II.  Coleman, 
Aaron  Yates,  J.  V.  MeCoUoch,  \V.  II.  AVyatt.  U.  J. 
Coleman,  Dr.  John  T.  Craig,  and  R.  M.  Thrasher, 
all  of  whom  have  exercised  a  wide  influence  in  the 
State.  In  1845,  Dr.  F.  Courtney  settled  at  Eldo- 
rado, and  the  year  following  W.  II.  Bayless  became 
pastor  at  Tulip,  and  -Judge  Rutherford  began  to 
preach  at  Camden.  In  1847,  A.  E.  Clemmons  set- 
tled at  Lewisville,  and  in  184s,  Rev. -Jesse  Hartwell, 
D.D.,  located  at  Camden.  These  were  all  men  of 
great  ability,  and  gave  character  to  the  denomina- 
tion in  this  part  of  the  State. 

Previous  to  1844  there  was  no  Baptist  church  in 
all  the  region  between  the  Ouachita  and  Mississippi 
River  south  of  what  is  now  Dallas  County.  There 
were  a  few  Anti-Mission  Baptists  who  about  this 
time  gathered  a  small  church.  About  the  same 
time  Young  R.  Royal,  a  missionary  Baptist 
preacher,  settled  in  Drew  County,  and  Uriah  II. 
Parker,  Joel  Tomiue,  and  Robert  PuUy  in  Brad- 
ley. By  their  labors,  assisted  at  a  later  day  by  B. 
C.  Hyatt,  Solomon  Gardner,  and  others,  the  first 
churches  in  this  region  were  planted. 

Subsequently,  but  chiefly  since  the  war,  churclies 
have  been  planted  in  that  part  of  the  State  lying 
between  the  Arkansas  and  Mississippi  Rivers,  and 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State,  butour  sp;ice 
does  not  allow  of  details.  The  following  is  a  list  of 
Associations,  with  the  date  of  their  origin,  as  far  as 
we  have  been  able  to  ascertain  :  White  River,  1820 ; 
Spring  River,  1829:  Saline,  1836;  Washington, 
1837;  Rocky  Bayou,  1840;  Salem,  1840-,  Liberty, 
1845;  St.  Francis,  1845;  Red  River,  1848;  Bar- 
tholomew, 1848;  Columbia.  18,52;  Judson.  18.54: 
Pleasant  Hill,  18.54;  Friendship;  Pine  Bhiff;  Ca- 
roline ;  Little  Red  River  ;  Baptist ;  Bartonville  ; 
Bethel ;  Caddo  Kiver  ;  Catlron  ;  Cane  Creek  ;  Cle.ar 
Creek ;  Concord ;  Crooked  Creek  ;  Dardanelles  ;  Fay- 
ettcville  ;  Independence:  Mount  Vernon;  Spring 
Town;  Mount  Zion  ;  Ouachita  Sixth  .Missionary; 
Springfield;  State  Corner;  Union;  Grand  Prairie; 
Antioch    District ;    First    Missionary ;    Ouachita. 


Many  of  the  last  mentioned  are  formed  by  churches 
composed  of  colored  Baptists. 

Arkansas  Baptist  Banner  is  published  at  Jud- 
sonia.  till'  seat  of  -lud-im  University.  After  the 
suspension  of  the  U'e.iUiu  Baptist  in  1879  Mr. 
-Joshua  Hill  started  a  Baptist  paper  at  Beebe.  in 
White  County,  called  The  Arkuimas  Baptist.  In  a 
little  while  Mr.  Hill  sold  out  to  Rev.  J.  II.  Ruber- 
son,  who  changed  the  name  to  Arkansas  Baptist 
Banner,  and  removed  it  to  Judsonia.  Mr.  Rubcr- 
son  subseciuently  sold  to  -Tames  P.  Green,  by  whom 
the  pajicr  is  still  piitilisbi-<l. 

Arkansas  Baptist  Convention  was  organized 
in  1848.  Its  oflicers  elected  in  1879  were  Rev.  -J. 
M.  Hart.  Eldorado,  President :  Rev.  J.  R.  G.  Adams, 
Dardanelles,  Recording  Secretary  ;  Rev.  Benjamin 
Thomas,  D.D.,  Little  Rock,  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary. 

Arkansas  Baptist  Index  is  a  paper  the  publi- 
cation of  wliicb  was  begun  at  Texarkana,  Ark.,  in 
1880,  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Shaw,  in  connection  with  Mrs. 
Viola  Jackson,  a  lady  of  literary  distinction  in  the 
South.  It  is  a  small  but  ably-conducted  sheet,  and 
circulates  chiefly  in  the  three  States  upon  the 
borders  of  which  the  city  of  Texarkana  is  situated. 

Arkansas  Baptist,  The,  a  religious  newspaper 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Baptist  denomin;v- 
tion  in  Arkansas,  was  started  at  Little  Rock.  Jan. 
15,  18.59.  It  was  edited  by  Rev.  P.  S.  G.  Watson, 
and  under  his  able  direction  it  took  rank  among 
the  first  religious  journals  in  the  South.  It  had 
secured  a  good  subscription  list  and  was  on  the 
way  to  prosperity  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war, 
when  it  was  compelled  to  suspend.  This  took 
pl.ace  in  May.  ISCl.  At  the  close  of  the  war  an 
inefiectual  effort  was  made  to  revive  it  by  Rev.  N. 
P.  .More,  but  after  a  few  issues  it  was  found  that 
the  unsettled  state  of  the  country  was  very  un- 
favorable, to  the  publication  of  a  religious  paper, 
the  enterprise  was  abandoned,  and  the  State  Con- 
vention adopted  as  its  organ  the  Memphis  Baptist, 
with  an  xVrkansas  department,  which  supplied  the 
moMiis  of  coiniiuinii'iitiiin. 

Arkansas,  Northwestern  General  Associa- 
tion of,  was  organized  a  few  years  since,  and  is 
accomplishinir  a  good  work. 

Arkansas,  Southeastern  General  Associa- 
tion of,  w;is  organized  in  1>74.  The  oflicers 
elected  in  1880  were  Rev.  John  T.  Craig,  Edin- 
burg.  Moderator  :  Rev.  -I.  D.  Searcy,  Anover,  Re- 
cording .Secretary. 

Armitage,  Eev.  Thomas,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Yorkshire.  England,  in  1^19.  He  is  descended 
from  the  old  and  honored  family  of  the  Armitages 
of  that  section  of  Yorkshire,  one  of  whom,  Sir 
-John  Armitage,  of  Barnsley,  was  created  a  baronet 
by  Charles  I.  in  1040.  He  lost  his  father  a  few  years 
since,  and  his  mother  when  five  years  old.   She  was 


AllMiTAGE 


40 


A  It  MIT  AGE 


the  granddiiugliter  of  the  Rev.  Thoinds  Bnrrnt,  a 
Wesleyan  Methodist  minister.  She  had  great  faith 
in  Jesus,  and  prayed  often  and  confidently  for  the 
salvation  of  her  oldest  son,  Thomas.  At  her  death 
she  gave  him  her  Uililc,  licr  chief  treasure,  which 
she  received  as  a  reward  from  her  teacher  in  the 
Sunday-school,  llor  last  prayer  for  him  was  that 
he  nii;;ht  bo  converted  and  become  a  good  minister 
of  the  Saviour. 


REV.   THOMAS    ARMITAGE,    D.I). 

The  religious  influence  of  his  godly  mother  never 
forsook  him.  While  listening  to  a  sermon  on  the 
text,  "  Is  it  well  with  thee?"  his  sins  and  danger 
filled  him  with  grief  and  alarm,  and  before  he  left 
the  sanctuary  his  heart  was  tilled  with  the  love  of 
Christ. 

In  his  sixteenth  year  he  preached  his  first  ser- 
mon. Ilis  text  was,  "Come  unto  me  all  ye  that 
labor  and  are  heavy  laden,  and  I  will  give  you 
rest."  The  truth  was  blessed  to  the  conversion  of 
three  persons.  He  declined  pressing  calls  to  enter 
the  regular  ministry  of  the  English  Methodist 
Church,  but  used  his  gifts  as  a  local  preacher  for 
several  years. 

Like  many  Englishmen  he  imliibed  republican 
doctrines,  and  these  brought  him  in  1S3S  to  \ew 
York.  He  received  deacon's  orders  from  Bishop 
AVaiigh,  and  those  of  an  elder  from  Bishop  Morris. 
He  filled  many  important  appointments  in  the  M. 
E.  Church  in  Xew  York,  .and  when  he  united  with 
the  Baptists  he  was  pastor  of  the  AVashington 
Street  church  in  Albany,  one  of  its  most  important 
churches,  where  the  Lord  had  given  him  a  precious 
revival  and  eighty  converts.      At  this  period  his 


influence  in  the  M.  E.  Church  was  great,  and  its 
highest  honors  were  before  him.  When  he  was 
first  examined  for  Methodist  ordination  he  expressed 
doubts  about  the  church  government  of  the  Meth- 
odist boily,  and  about  sinless  perfeirtion,  falling  from 
grace,  and  their  views  of  the  ordinances;  but  he 
was  the  great-grandson  of  a  Methodist  minister, 
his  mother  was  of  that  communion,  and  ho  himself 
had  been  a  preacher  in  it  for  years,  and  his  mis- 
givings were  regarded  as  of  no  moment.  In  1839 
he  witnessed  a  baptism  in  Brooklyn  by  the  Rev. 
S.  Ilsley,  which  made  him  almost  a  Bajitist,  and 
what  remained  to  be  done  to  efleot  that  end  was 
accomplished  liy  another  baptism  in  Albany,  ad- 
ministered by  the  Rev.  Jabez  Swan,  of  Connecticut. 
An  extensive  examination  of  the  baptismal  ques- 
tion confirmed  his  faith,  and  placed  him  without  a 
misgiving  upon  the  Baptist  platform  in  everything. 
Dr.  Welsh  baptized  liini  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Pearl  Street  church,  Albany.  Soon  after  a  council 
was  called  to  give  him  scriptural  ordination.  Dr. 
Welsh  was  moderator;  Friend  Humphrey,  mayor 
of  Albany,  and  Judge  Ira  Harris  were  among  its 
members.  A  letter  of  honorable  dismissal  from 
the  M.  E.  Church,  lioaring  flattering  testimony  to 
his  talents  and  usefulness,  was  read  before  the 
council,  and  after  the  usual  examination  he  was  set 
apart  to  the  Christian  ministry  in  the  winter  of 
1848.  He  was  requested  to  preach  in  the  Norfolk 
Street  church,  New  York,  in  the  following  June. 
'I'he  people  were  charmed  with  the  stranger,  and 
so  was  the  sickly  pastor,  the  Rev.  George  Benedict. 
He  was  called  to  succeed  their  honored  minister, 
who  said  to  Mr.  Armitage,  "  If  you  refuse  this  call 
it  will  be  the  most  painful  act  of  your  life."  Mr. 
Benedict  never  was  in  the  earthly  sanctuary  again. 
Mr.  Armitage  accepted  the  invitation,  in  his  twenty- 
ninth  year,  July  1,  1848.  In  1853-54  140  persons 
wore  baptized,  and  in  1857  152,  while  other  years 
had  great  blessings. 

The  first  year  of  his  ministry  in  Norfolk  Street 
the  meeting-house  was  burned,  and  another  erected. 
Since  that  time  the  church  reared  a  house  for  God 
ill  a  more  attractive  part  of  the  city,  which  they 
named  the  "  Fifth  Avenue  Baptist  church."  The 
property  is  worth  at  least  SI 50,000,  and  it  is  free 
from  debt.  The  membership  of  the  church  is  over 
700.  In  1853,  Mr.  Armitage  was  made  a  Doctor 
of  Divinity  by  Georgetown  College,  Ky.  He  was 
then  in  his  thirty-fourth  year. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  New  York,  May  27,  1850, 
by  friends  of  the  Bible,  Dr.  Armitage  offered  reso- 
lutions which  were  adopted,  and  upon  which  the 
Bible  Union  was  organized  two  weeks  later,  with 
Dr.  S.  II.  Cone  as  its  president,  and  W.  II.  Wyc- 
koff,  LL.D.,  as  its  secretary.  In  May,  18.5G,  Dr. 
Armitage  became  the  president  of  the  society.  In 
this  extremely  difficult  position  he  earned  the  repu- 


AR.vsrnoxG 


4! 


A  It X OLD 


tation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest  presiding  officers 
in  our  country.  Tlie  Bible  Union  reached  its 
greatest  prosperity  while  he  presided  over  its  af- 
fairs. 

Dr.  Armitage  is  a  scholarly  man,  full  of  infor- 
mation, with  a  powerful  intellect ;  one  of  the 
greatest  preachers  in  the  United  States;  regarded 
by  many  as  the  foremost  man  in  the  American 
pulpit.  We  do  not  wonder  that  he  is  so  frequently 
invited  to  deliver  sermons  at  ordinations,  dedica- 
tions, installations,  missionary  anniversaries,  and 
to  college  students.  As  a  great  teacher  in  Israel, 
the  people  love  to  hear  him,  and  their  teachers  are 
delighted  with  the  themes  and  with  the  herald. 

Seventeen  years  ago  a  gentleman  wrote  of  Dr. 
Armitage,  "  The  expression  of  his  face  is  one  of 
mingled  intelligence  and  kindness.  As  he  con- 
verses it  is  with  animation,  and  liis  eyes  sparkle. 
His  manners  are  easy,  graceful,  and  cordial.  lie 
fascinates  strangers  and  delights  friends.  He  ap- 
pears before  you  a  polished  gentleman,  who  wins 
his  way  to  your  esteem  and  affection  by  his  e-^calted 
worth."  The  description  has  been  confirmed  by 
time. 

Armstrong,  Andrew,  was  born  near  Dublin, 
in  Ireland,  and  studied  at  Hamilton.  He  married 
tlie  daughter  of  Judge  Swaim,of  Pemberton,  N.  .J. 
lie  has  been  pastor  at  Upper  Freehobl,  Lanibert- 
ville,  Kingwood,  Frenchtown,  and  New  Hnidklyn. 
where  he  now  ministers.  While  his  preaching  is 
edifying  to  the  spiritual  body,  he  has  also  been 
particularly  blessed  in  leading  congregations  to 
build  meeting-houses  and  pay  for  them.  He  has 
also  acted  as  agent  for  the  State  Convention  and 
Education  Society. 

Armstrong,  Rev.  George,  M.A.,  was  bnrn  in 

Ireland,  Dec.  o,  ISl-t;  brought  when  an  infant  by 
his  parents  to  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  where 
they  continued  till  his  sixteenth  year;  then  re- 
moved with  them  to  Sydney,  Cape  Breton,  where, 
three  years  after,  he  was  converted,  and  was  in 
the  following  year  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Crawley. 
Stndieil  at  Horton  Academy  in  183(3-38.  and  grad- 
uated from  Acadia  College  June,  1844  ;  ordained  at 
Port  Medway,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1848 ;  was  sub- 
.sequently  pastor  at  Chester  ;  became  in  18.')4  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church,  Bridgetown,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  so  continued  for  twenty  years  ;  then  was  pastor 
at  Sydney,  Cape  Breton,  for  two  years  ;  was  editor 
of  tlie  Christiati  Visitor,  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick, 
from  January,  1876,  for  three  years  ;  evangelized 
in  Newfoundland  in  the  summer  of  1879;  and  he 
is  now  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  Kentville, 
Nova  Scotia. 

Armstrong,  Rev.  Jolin.— Mr.  Armstrong  was 

born    in    Philadelphia.  Pa..  November.  1T98.     He 

graduated  at  Columbian  College,  D.  C,  in  182.5. 

Some  time  after  he  moved  to  North  Carolina,  and 

4 


was  for  five  years  pastor  of  the  Newberne  Baptist 
church.  He  became  a  professor  in  Wake  Forest 
College  in  183.5,  and  for  a  time  acted  as  agent  of 
the  college.  He  went  to  Europe  in  1837,  and  spent 
two  years  in  France  and  Italy,  preparing  himself 
the  better  to  discharge  his  duties  as  teacher.  He 
had  as  his  companions  in  his  voyage  Dr.  E.  G. 
Robinson,  the  distinguished  president  of  Brown 
University,  and  J.  J.  Audubon,  the  great  natural- 
ist. In  1S41,  Mr.  Armstrong  accepted  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Columbus,  Miss.,  where 
he  married  a  lady  of  fortune.  He  died  in  1844. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  a  fine  scholar,  a  blame- 
less Christian  gentleman,  and  an  able  and  eloquent 
preacher. 
Arnold,  Albert  Nicholas,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Cranston,  R.  I.,  Feb.  12,  1814.     While  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Providence  his  mind  became 


.M.liCRT    .NICHOr,.lS    .\R.VOI.n,   D.D. 

interested  on  the  suliject  of  preaching  the  gospel. 
Having  decided  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  took  the 
full  courses  of  study  in  Brown  University  and  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  graduating  from 
the  one  in  1S38,  and  from  the  other  in  1841.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  Sept.  14,  1S41,  and  in  Is44  re- 
ceived an  appointment  as  a  missionary  to  Greece, 
where  he  remained  ten  years.  Returning  to  his 
native  land,  he  was  made  Professor  of  Church  His- 
tory at  Newton,  holding  the  office  for  three  years. 
For  the  next  six  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  AVestborough.  Mass.,  for  five  years  Pro- 
fessor of  Biblical  Interpretation  and  Pastoral  The- 
ology in  the  Hamilton  Theological  Institution,  and 


ARNOLD 


42 


ARNOLD 


for  four  years  Professor  of  New  Testament  Greek  in 
the  Theological  Institution  in  Chicaao.  He  resigned 
in  1878,  and  for  the  last  few  years  has  had  a  home 
near  Providence,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in 
such  literary  and  other  work  as  the  state  of  his 
liealth  allows  hira  to  perform.  Dr.  Arnold  is  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  scholars  in  the  denomi- 
nation. Probably  no  man  in  the  country  is  better 
acquainted  with  modern  Greek  tlian  he. 

Arnold,  Richard  James,  was  born  in  Provi- 
dence, K.  I.,  Oct.  f>,  17%.  lie  came  from  an  illustri- 
ous ancestry  on  the  side  of  both  father  and  mother. 
Having  graduated  at  Brown  University,  in  the  class 
of  1814,  he  studied  law  for  a  short  time  in  the  office 
of  the  celebrated  lion.  Tristain  Burgess.  Not  find- 
ing the  study  of  this  profession  congenial  to  his 
tastes,  he  became  a  merchant,  in  connection  with 
an  elder  brother,  and  was  especially  interested  in 
the  China  trade.  In  1823,  having  marrio<i  a  lady 
living  in  the  South,  he  made  a  home  on  his  planta- 
tion in  Georgia,  in  Bryan  County,  near  Savannah, 
spending  his  winters  there,  and  his  summers  in 
Rhode  Island.  Mr.  Arnold  took  a  deep  interest  in 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  his  native  city,  where 
he  always  worshiped  when  he  was  at  his  Provi- 
dence home.  lie  was  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer- 
sity for  nearly  forty-seven  years.  Ilis  death  oc- 
curred March  10,  1873. 

Arnold,  Hon.  Samuel  Greene,  was  bom  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  April  12,  1821,  and  w.as  a  grad- 
uate of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1841.  He 
studied  law  at  the  Harvard  School,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  in  184.5. 
Soon  after  he  went  abroad,  and  spent  several  years 
in  study  and  travel,  visiting  first  the  different 
c:iuntries  of  Europe,  and  thence  passing  to  Egypt 
and  the  Holy  Land.  In  1847  he  crossed  from 
Europe  to  South  America,  where  he  spent  a  year, 
ohicQy  in  Chili.  He  returned  to  his  home  in 
1848.  He  now  gave  himself  to  a  work  which  he 
had  long  meditated,  the  writing  of  a  history  of  his 
native  State.  The  first  volume  of  this  work  .ap- 
peared in  1859,  and  was  followed  by  the  second  in 
1860.  These  two  volumes  comprise  the  .annals  of 
the  State  of  Rhode  Island  from  the  settlement  in 
1636  to  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution  in 
1700.  This  history,  the  result  of  careful  study  and 
research,  and  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  true 
Rhode  Island  spirit,  at  once  placed  its  author  in 
the  front  rank  of  American  historians.  Without 
doubt  it  will  always  be  a  standard  authority  for 
the  period  which  it  covers. 

Mr.  Arnold  took  a  deep  interest  in  all  matters 
affecting  the  prosperity  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Providence.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was  mod- 
erator of  the  society.  In  1864  he  projected  a  per- 
manent fund  of  S20.000,  the  interest  of  which  was 
to  be  appropriated  to  pay  for  the  support  of  public 


worship.  He  headed  the  subscription  list  with  a 
contribution  of  S.50li0.  On  the  25th  of  May,  1875, 
he  delivered  a  discourse  commemorative  of  the  one 


IIUN.   SAMCEL    OHEENl!    AR.VOI.U. 

hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dedication  of  the 
mceting-house  for  public  worship.  In  1852,  Mr. 
Arnold  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the 
State,  and  again  in  1861,  and  a  third  time  in  1862. 
After  his  last  election  he  was  chosen  to  fill  the  un- 
expired term  of  Hon.  James  F.  Simmons  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  and  held  office  from 
December,  1862,  to  March  3,  1863.  Governor  Ar- 
nold died  in  Providence,  Feb.  13,  1880.  lie  will 
be  long  honored  as  the  Christian  scholar,  patriot, 
historian,  and  statesman. 

Arnold,  Rev,  T.  J.,  born  in  Hendricks  Co.,  Ind., 
in  1835.  moved  to  Iowa  with  his  parents,  Stephen 
and  Nancy  Arnold ;  baptized  at  Fairview  in  1853  ; 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1854.  He  was  educated 
at  Mount  Vernon  Methodist  Academy  and  Pella 
University.  While  studying  he  entered  the  min- 
istry as  an  ev.angelist,  iiroaching  at  various  places. 
He  was  ordained  while  preaching  for  the  lola  and 
Ccdcridge  churches.  At  Martinsburg  w.as  married 
to  Miss  J.  Smith,  in  1860,  who  proved  herself  a 
faithful  and  devoted  Christian  wife.  In  1875  he 
moved  to  California;  w.as  pastor  one  year  at  S.anta 
Clara,  two  years  at  Reno  and  Virginia  City,  Nev., 
and  in  1870  he  returned  to  California,  and  pre.acliod 
as  evangelist  or  pastor  at  Vallejo  and  Yountville, 
precious  revivals  attending  his  labors  in  .almost 
every  place.  He  has  baptized  about  400,  ami  led 
many  others  to  Christ,  who  have  been  baptized  by 
the  pastors  whom  he  has  assisted  in  revival  meetings. 


ARRACAN 


43 


ARRACAN 


Arracan,  Mission  to. — Arracan  is  a  division 
of  Britisli  Buriiiuli.  It  is  liounded  on  the  north  by 
the  Bengal  district  of  C'hittugong,  on  the  east  by 
the  Yumadoung  Mountains,  which  separate  it  from 
independent  Burmah  and  the  British  district  of 
Pegu,  and  on  the  south  and  west  by  the  Bay  of 
Bengal.  The  population  in  1S7I  was  near  half  a 
million,  made  up  of  Buddhists,  Mohammedans, 
Hindoos,  and  a  few  Christians.  Its  principal  town 
is  Akyab.  In  the  province  there  are  four  districts, 
Akyab,  Ramree,  Sandoway,  and  Aeng.  The  at- 
tention of  the  Missionary  Union  was  turned  towards 
Arracan  as  far  back  as  183.5,  when  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Comstock  were  appointed  by  the  board  to  begin  a 
mission  at  some  suitable  place  on  the  coast  of  Ar- 
racan. The  station  selected  by  Mr.  Comstock  was 
in  the  Ramree  district,  at  the  north  point  of  Ram- 
ree Island.  Its  name  was  Kyouk  Phyoo,  and  the 
place  contained  abnut  2000  natives,  besides  English 
residents,  troops,  etc.  Mr.  Comstock  commenced 
his  work  in  this  village  early  in  March.  183-5. 
Three  months'  labor  began  to  show  some  fruit,  and 
a  spirit  of  inquiry  was  awakened  among  the  people 
about  the  new  religion.  The  next  year  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ingalls  joined  Mr.  Comstock,  and  new  energy 
was  given  to  the  enterprise.  During  one  of  the 
excursions  of  Mr.  Comstock  in  the  mountainous 
districts  he  met  with  the  Kyens,  a  branch  of  the 
Karens,  who  seemed  ready  to  welcome  the  good 
tidings  of  salvation  which  were  brought  to  thera. 
In  the  spring  of  1837  another  reinforcement  was 
made  to  the  mission  by  the  arrival  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Ilall.  Their  connection  with  the  mission  was  of 
but  brief  duration,  both  of  them  dying  within  a 
few  months  of  the  commencement  of  their  work. 
The  station  at  Kyouk  Phyoo  was  abandoned  in 
November  of  this  year  on  account  of  its  insalubrity, 
and  a  new  station  at  Ramree  was  occupied  by 
Messrs.  Comstock  and  Stilson  in  the  spring  of  1838. 
The  town  in  which  they  had  made  their  residence 
contained  a  population  of  10,000  inhabitants.  A 
church  was  firmed  the  29th  of  May,  and  a  school 
commenced  by  Mrs.  Comstock. 

Messrs.  Kincaid  and  Abbott  began  another  Ar- 
racanese  station  at  Akyab  in  the  spring  of  1840. 
It  was  not  long  before  interesting  inquirers  ap- 
peared, and  in  May  three  persons  were  baptized. 
The  following  August,  30  persons  professed  their 
faith  in  Christ.  The  report  was  that  "  the  pros- 
pects of  the  mission  were  good  ;  a  mission  house  and 
premises  had  been  purchased,  and  Mr.  Kincaid, 
though  his  heart  was  still  turned  to  Ava,  was  con- 
tent to  abide  in  Arracan.  according  as  the  spirit  of 
God  might  be."  In  1841  there  was  an  additional 
station  commenced  at  Sandoway,  under  the  charge  of 
Mr.  Abbott,  who  reported  193  baptisms  for  the  year, 
and  in  the  three  stations  there  were  4  missionaries, 
4  female  assistants,  and  27  native  helpers. 


One  hundred  and  fifty  miles  south  of  Akyab  there 
lives  a  tribe  called  the  Kemees.  From  the  chief  of 
this  tribe,  Chetea.  there  came  early  in  May,  1841,  a 
message  to  the  mission,  entreating  that  the  mission- 
aries would  teach  them  about  the  true  God,  and  give 
them  his  holy  book.  In  the  following  December  a 
similar  message  was  sent,  and  Mr.  Kincaid,  ac- 
companied by  Mr.  Stilson,  decided  to  visit  the 
Kemees.  The  visit  was  made,  and  good  seed  was 
sown.  Various  changes  took  place  in  the  Arracan 
stations  during  the  next  two  or  three  years.  Mrs. 
Comstock  died  April  28,  1843,  and  Mr.  Comstock, 
April  25,  1844.  The  Karen  department,  under  the 
special  charge  of  Mr.  Abbott,  was  greatly  prospered. 
During  the  year  1844.  2039  Karens  were  brought 
by  baptism  into  connection  with  the  churches  of 
the  Arracan  missions.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ingalls  ar- 
rived at  Akyab  in  the  spring  of  1846.  At  the  close 
of  this  year  there  were  29  out-stations,  and  3240 
members  in  the  churches  in  Akyab  and  these  out- 
stations.  Mr.  Abbott,  worn  down  with  disease  and 
care,  returned  to  his  native  land  in  the  fall  of  184.5. 
He  remained  in  the  I'nitcd  States  a  little  over  two 
years,  and  then  returned  to  Sadoway,  to  have  the 
supervision  of  the  Karen  department.  Mr.  Moore 
became  connected  with  the  Ramree  stations  in  the 
spring  of  1848.  Mr.  Beecher  and  Mr.  Van  Meter 
were  apppointed  to  the  Sandoway  station.  In  the 
churches  in  this  station  and  its  out-stations  there 
was  reported  at  the  close  of  1848  a  membership  of 
4.500,  and  5124  unhaptized  Christians,  "who  have 
maintained  as  religious  a  life  in  all  respects  as 
the  members  of  the  churches,  only  they  were 
not  baptized.''  The  Karen  department  of  the  San- 
doway mission  was  removed  to  Bassan,  and  its  con- 
nection with  the  Arracan  mission  ceased.  The 
station  at  Kyouk  Phyoo  was  resumed  in  November, 
1850.  Mr.  Rose  joined  the  mission  at  Akyab  in  1833. 
The  deputation  to  the  East,  Rev.  Drs.  Peck  and 
Granger,  visited  early  in  the  year  18.53  the  stations  in 
Arracan.  reported  that  the  mission  showed  signs  of 
prosperity,  and  the  Convention  which  met  at  Maul- 
main  recommended  that,  at  once,  these  men  be  sent 
to  reinforce  the  mission.  For  a  few  years,  however, 
there  was  but  little  apparent  success  in  Arracan. 
The  missionaries  were  removed  by  death,  or  by  as- 
signment to  other  fields  of  labor.  Mr.  Sattcrlee 
arrived  in  Arracan  in  September,  1855,  and  died  the 
following  July.  The  executive  committee,  in  their 
annual  report  in  18.57,  say,  "  In  view  not  only  of  (he 
unhealthiness  of  the  Arracan  climate,  but  also  of 
the  demand  for  labor  in  Burmah  proper  and  else- 
where, and  of  the  diminished  supply,  we  respect- 
fully suggest  that  the  mission  be  brought  to  a 
chi.se.'*  The  suggestion  was  carried  out,  and  a 
mi.ssion  which  at  one  time  was  so  hopeful,  and  for 
which  so  n\any  valuable  lives  had  been  sacrificed, 
ceased  to  exist. 


ARROWS.VITH 


44 


ASHMORE 


Arrowsmith,  Col.  George,  "as  bom  in  Middle- 
town,  \.  J.,  ill  iNj'J.  llo  ;;iuduated  at  Madison 
University  at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  became  tutor 
in  the  Grammar  School.  In  1801  he  went  to  the 
war  as  captain  of  a  company.  He  rose  to  be  lieu- 
tenant-colonel in  l')7tli  Re^^iment,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  and 
was  killed  on  the  (iettyslmrj;  battle-field,  July  1, 
1S0.3.  He  was  a  brave  man,  and  jrave  promise  of 
excelling  in  his  profession. 

Arvine,  Rev.  Kazlitt,  was  born  in  Western 
New  York  in  1820.  lie  was  a  graduate  of  the 
Wesleyan  University  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  and  of 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  In  1845  he 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  ciiurcli  in  Woonsocket, 
R.  I.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then  re- 
moved to  New  York  to  take  charge  of  what  was 
known  as  the  "  Providence"  church.  His  connec- 
tion with  this  church  continued  but  a  few  months, 
on  account  of  failing  health.  Respite  from  minis- 
terial labor  so  far  restored  him  that  he  accepted  a 
call  to  become  jiastorof  the  church  in  West  Boy  Iston, 
Mass.  Here  he  continued  until  his  removal  to 
Worcester,  to  avail  himself  of  medical  treatment  for 
the  disease  which  finally  caused  his  death.  This 
event  took  place  at  Worcester,  July  15,  1851.  Mr. 
Arvine  is  best  known  as  the  compiler  of  the  "  Cy- 
clop£Eilia  of  Moral  and  Religious  Anecdotes,"  a 
work  which  has  obtained  a  flattering  circulation. 
A  volume  of  his  poetical  productions  was  also  pub- 
lished, which  was  well  received.  Ho  was  a  man  of 
refined  and  scholarly  parts,  and  his  comparatively 
short  life  wa-i  not  spent  in  vain. 

Ash,  John,  LL.D.,  was  a  native  of  Dorsetshire, 
England.  Early  in  life  he  was  drawn  to  the  Sa- 
viour, after  which  he  united  by  baptism  with  the 
church  at  Loughwood,  near  Lyme.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Bristol  College,  in  which  he  made  remark- 
able progress  in  learning.  In  1751  he  became 
])astor  of  the  church  at  Pershorc.  In  his  youth 
lie  was  distinguished  for  his  mathematical  attain- 
ments, for  which  he  was  commended  in  the  peri- 
odicals of  the  day.  Ivimey  says  that  "his  philolog- 
ical works,  his  elaborate  grammar,  and  dictionary 
are  universally  known  and  highly  prized."  The 
learning  which  marked  his  writings  secured  for 
him  in  1774  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  His 
religious  opinions  were  Paul's,  without  any  luiman 
additions.  He  lived  honored  for  his  great  abilities 
and  learning,  and  he  died  in  the  full  enjoyment 
of  the  peace  of  God  in  1779. 

Asher,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  w.a.s  born  in  North 
Branford,  Conn.,  Oct.  13,  1812.  Ruel  Asher,  his 
father,  was  born  in  the  same  place.  Gad  Asher, 
his  grandfather,  was  a  native  of  Africa,  friuii  which 
he  was  stolen  when  about  four  years  of  age,  and 
brought  to  East  Guilford,  now  Madison,  Conn.,  and 
there  sold  to  Linus  Bishop,  who  gave  him  his  bib- 
lical name. 


Mr.  Asher  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  he  became 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  soon  after, 
where  he  labored  with  much  .acceptance.  Subse- 
quently he  became  pastor  of  the  Shiloli  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia.  In  this  field  his  talents  and 
labors  were  highly  appreciated,  and  he  speedily  se- 
cured the  respect  of  a  numerous  circle  of  friends. 
Finding  that  his  church  was  heavily  burdened  with 
debt,  he  sailed  for  England  to  secure  funds  for  its 
extinction.  He  carried  credentials  with  him  from 
leading  Baptist  ministers  of  the  city  of  Brotherly 
Love,  attested  by  the  mayor,  and  he  was  received 
with  kind  greetings  and  considerable  gifts  by  the 
British  churches. 

After  his  return  he  entered  upon  his  pa>toral 
labors  with  renewed  vigor,  and  he  had  the  happi- 
ness of  seeing  the  Shiloh  church  increasing  its 
numbers  and  growing  in  the  grace  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  For  a  time  he  was  a  chaplain  to  a 
colored  regiment  in  the  army.  He  died  in  the  en- 
joyment of  a  blessed  hope. 

Mr.  Asher  was  a  clear  thinker,  an  able  gospel 
preacher,  a  Christian  of  undoubted  piety,  and  a 
minister  widely  known  and  highly  respected  by 
Baptists  and  by  other  Christians  of  both  races. 

Ashley,  Rev.  "William  W.,  was  born  in  Hills- 
borough, N.  C,  in  17'J3.  His  early  studies  were  in- 
terrupted in  consequence  of  his  entering  into  mili- 
tary service  in  1814.  He  was  in  Mobile  when  the 
battle  of  New  Orleans  was  fought.  lie  became  a 
subject  of  converting  grace  in  the  fall  of  1815,  and 
united  with  a  Free-Will  Baptist  church.  He  was  set 
apart  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  1817,  and  for 
sometime  itinerated  as  an  evangelist  in  the  Southern 
and  Southwestern  States.  He  was  in  Nova  Scotia 
in  1821,  laboring  with  great  zeal  and  energy.  He 
was  settled  as  a  Free-Will  Baptist  minister  in  sev- 
eral places,  but  in  the  later  years  of  his  life,  his 
views  becoming  Calvinistic,  he  connected  himself 
j  with  the  regular  Baptists,  and  was  pastor  of 
'  churches  in  Barnstable  and  Harwich,  Mass.  Mr. 
Ashley  was  a  warm  advocate  of  temperance.  In 
the  provinces  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia 
he  established  or  assisted  in  organizing  over  .300 
temperance  societies.  At  the  time  of  liis  death 
two  of  his  brothers  and  five  of  his  sons  were  in  the 
Baptist  ministry.  He  died  at  South  Gardiner, 
Mass.,  June  6,  18l)0. 

Ashmore,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Putnam, 
0.,  Dec.  25,  1821.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Gran- 
ville College,  and  of  the  Covington  Theological 
Institution.  In  1848  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Hamilton,  0.  The  following 
year  he  received  an  appointment  as  a  missionary 
to  the  foreign  field,  and  sailed  from  New  Y'ork 
Aug.  17,  1850,  for  China,  arriving  at  Hong-Kong 
Jan.  4,  1851,  iind  at  Bangkok,  April  14,  1851.    He 


ASHTOX 


45 


ASSAM 


applied  liiinself  with  conscientious  diliaence  to  tlie 
iicfiuisitioii  of  the  Cliinese  langua;;e,  and  was  soon 
able  to  come  into  closer  contact  with  the  people. 
Excursions  were  made  to  the  adjacent  villaj!;es  and 
ont-statiiins  selected  for  occupancy.  Mr.  Ashmorc 
labored  from  house  to  house,  conversing  with  the 
inmates,  distributing  tracts,  and  in  such  ways  as 
his  wisdom  dictated  sought  to  bring  home  the 
truth  to  the  hearts  and  consciences  of  the  people. 
In  tliis  kind  of  work,  quiet  and  unostentatious,  the 
faithful  missionary  labored  on  for  .several  years. 
The  health  of  Mrs.  Ashmore  njade  it  necessary  that 
her  husband  and  herself  should  leave  Banjjkok  for 
a  season.  The  hope  that  the  change  would  benefit 
her  was  doomed  to  be  disappointed.  She  died  at 
sea,  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  May  19,  1858.  A 
lady  of  rare  qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  her  death 
was  a  sad  loss  to  her  bereaved  husband.  The  Jan- 
uary previous  to  her  death  Dr.  Ashmore  had  been 
transferred  to  Hong-Kong,  which,  for  some  time, 
continued  to  be  the  scene  of  his  missionary  toils. 
It  was  his  purpose  to  have  gone  to  Swatow,  to  la- 
bor among  the  Chinese  in  the  TieCliiu  district,  but 
his  health  was  so  poor  that  lie  was  compelled  to 
abandon  his  purpose  and  return  to  his  native  land, 
which  he  reached  in  the  summer  of  1860.  In  the 
month  of  .July,  1864,  he  returned  to  China,  accom- 
panied by  his  second  wife,  the  youngest  daughter 
of  Judge  Dunlevy,  of  Lebanon,  0.  Another  lo- 
cality having  been  better  suited  to  missionary  pur- 
poses than  Swatow,  Dr.  Ashmore  and  the  other 
missionaries  removed  to  Kak-Chie,  not  far  from 
their  former  residence.  Several  out-stations  were 
under  his  charge,  and  the  work  progressed  success- 
fully, taking  intoconsideration  all  tliecircumstances 
under  which  it  was  done.  The  number  of  church 
members  under  the  watch-care  of  Dr.  Ashmore  in 
1870  was  142.  He  reports  for  the  nest  year  40 
persons  baptized,  and  for  the  next,  42.  In  1875, 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ashmore  returned  to  the  United 
States  on  account  of  the  poor  health  of  Mrs.  Ash- 
more. On  their  return-trip  they  reached  Swatow 
about  the  1st  of  December,  1877,  "  very  much  to  the 
relief  and  gratification  of  the  other  missionary." 
Under  date  of  April,  1878,  Dr.  Ashmore  writes  a 
hopeful  letter,  as  he  sums  up  what  has  been  ac- 
complished within  the  past  dozen  years,  and  adds, 
"  AVe  have  had  some  20  applicants  for  baptism. 
12  of  these  were  baptized."  The  latest  intelligence 
from  him  was  under  date  of  .July  15,  when  at  the 
monthly  church-meeting  there  were  15  or  16  can- 
didates for  baptism.  That  the  life  of  so  valuable  a 
missionary  as  Dr.  Ashmore  may  be  spared  we  may 
earnestly  pray. 

Ashton,  Rev.  William  E.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  M.iy  IN,  \~,V.j.  At  the  age  of  ten  he 
first  became  interested  in  the  salvation  of  his  soul. 
At  sixteen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 


.Second  Baptist  church  of  his  native  citj'.  lie 
studied  under  Dr.  Staughton,  and  in  his  twenty- 
second  j-ear  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Hopewell,  X.  -J.  He  afterwards  served 
the  church  of  Biockley,  Philadelphia,  as  pastor, 
and  then  the  Third  church,  Philadelphia,  in  which 
he  labored  till  his  death.  Mr.  Ashton  was  a  ripe 
scholar,  and  possessed  that  polished  ease  and  cul- 
ture which  made  him  welcome  in  any  social  circle. 
His  talents  otherwise  were  respectable,  and  his 
piety  was  felt  and  seen  by  all  who  knew  him.  He 
was  a  useful  minister  of  the  Lord  .Jesus,  whom  his 
denominational  brethren  delighted  to  honor,  and 
other  Christians  highly  esteemed.  Princeton  Col- 
lege in  1830  gave  him  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts. 

Assam,  Mission  to. — On  the  northwestern  fron- 
tier of  Buriiiali  lii's  the  country  of  Assam,  stretch- 
ing across  the  plains  of  the  Brahm.aputra,  from  70 
to  100  miles  in  breadth,  and  extending  on  the  north- 
east to  the  very  borders  of  China.  Many  races  in- 
habit this  large  territory.  The  inhabitants  are 
known  by  the  general  name  of  Shans,  which  word 
by  changes  of  the  language  has  l)ecome  Assam. 
.Since  1826  the  country  has  been  under  British  rule. 
The  conclusion  to  commence  a  mission  in  Assam 
was  reached  in  1835,  and  Messrs.  Brown  and  Cutter 
were  sent  to  Sodiya,  in  the  northea.sjtern  part  of 
the  country.  Messrs.  Thomas  and  Bronson  joined 
them  July  17.  1836.  The  missionaries  entered 
upon  their  work  with  great  zeal.  The  language 
was  learned  and  reduced  to  printing,  Roman  letters 
being  used ;  tracts  were  prepared,  and  portions 
of  the  New  Testament  published  and  freely  circu- 
lated. There  are  now  several  stations  in  Assam, 
of  which  we  give  a  brief  sketch. 

I.  Gowahati.  A  church  was  formed  in  this  place 
in  February,  1845.  Rev.  Mr.  Danforth  arrived  there 
in  M.iy,  1848,  and  having  acquired  the  language 
began  at  once  a  career  of  great  usefulness.  Schools 
were  established,  buildings  were  erected,  hopeful 
conversions  took  place,  and  the  church  was  enlarged. 
Mr.  Danforth  maile  extensive  tours  into  the  adjacent 
regions,  and  by  means  of  tracts  and  religious  books, 
as  well  as  with  the  living  voice,  he  reached  large 
numbers  of  the  people,  and  much  good  seed  was 
sown.  The  liberality  of  the  English  residents  in 
Gowahati  furnished  the  means  for  the  erection  of 
a  pleasant  ch.apel,  65  feet  by  25.  which  was  dedicated 
the  first  .Sabbath  in  February.  1853.  For  many 
years  the  mission  at  Gowahati  was  in  a  very  de- 
pressed condition.  Under  the  labors  of  Mr.  Comfort 
and  his  assistants  there  has  been  steady  progress 
from  year  to  year.  Mr.  Comfort's  efforts  among 
the  Garos  have  been  especially  blessed.  His 
health  failing.  Dr.  Bronson  removed  to  Gowahati  in 
1874.  The  work  seemed  to  receive  a  new  impul.se, 
and  in  the  report  of  the  executive  committee  for 


ASSAM 


46 


ASSOCIATIOKS 


1875  we  find  28  baptisms  recorded,  and  102  ohurch 
members;  and  the  next  year  111  baptisms,  and  tlie 
following  year  148.  At  this  time,  1880,  the  numljer 
of  baptisms  last  reported  was  118,  and  the  church 
membership  378. 

2.  Gowalapara  is  the  English  civil  and  military 
station  for  the  district  in  which  the  Garos  live ;  it 
is  situated  on  the  south  banlt  of  the  Brahmaputra. 
From  this  Assamese  station  the  missionaries  go 
forth  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  Garos,  who  live 
among  the  hills  on  the  south  of  the  river.  In  the 
spring  nf  1807,  Dr.  Bronson  visited  this  interest- 
ing people  and  baptized  26  of  them,  and  formed 
them  into  a  church.  Mr.  Stoddard  and  liis  family 
were  stationeil  at  Gowahvpara  in  the  fall  of  18t)7. 
In  the  spring  of  1808  he  and  Dr.  Bronson  made  a 
five  weeks'  tour  among  the  Garos,  preaching,  bap- 
tizing, establishing  schools,  etc.  They  returned  to 
Gowalapara  greatly  encouraged  by  wliat  they  had 
seen  of  the  gnod  work  of  tlie  Lord  among  the 
Garos.  So  much  interested  were  the  English  au- 
thorities in  the  success  of  the  missionaries  that  they 
cheerfully  granted  them  pecuniary  aid  in  carrying 
on  the  schools.  The  increasing  labors  of  the  mis- 
sionaries called  for  reinforcements,  and  the  appeal 
was  responded  to.  Others  have  gone  to  this  most 
promising  field,  and  have  been  greatly  encouraged 
in  their  work.  From  the  last  report  we  learn  that 
there  are  nine  churches  in  the  district  of  which 
Gowalapara  is  the  centre,  and  in  these  churches 
there  are  704  members. 

3.  Nowgong.  This  place  was  made  a  station  in 
1841.  Dr.  Bronson  established  an  orphan  institu- 
tion in  1843  in  Nowgong,  which  accomplished  great 
good,  not  only  in  promoting  the  temporal  welfare  of 
the  children  gathered  within  its  walls,  but  in  the 
conversion  of  many  of  them.  In  1856  this  insti- 
tution took  on  somewhat  the  character  of  a  pre- 
paratory aud  normal  school.  In  consequence  of 
tlie  smallness  of  the  appropriations  for  its  sup- 
port and  the  fewness  of  its  pupils  it  was  thought 
best  to  suspend  it  in  1857.  Various  circumstances 
transpired  to  weaken  and  almost  destroy  the  station 
at  Nowgong.  For  several  years  but  little  progress 
was  made.  The  cflbrts  of  the  missionaries  among 
the  Mikirs  were  fruitful  for  good.  Dr.  Bronson 
after  laboring  faithfully  for  many  years  returned 
to  the  United  States  in  1869,  and  the  station  was 
placed  in  the  charge  of  Rev.  E.  P.  Scott  and  his  wife. 
Mr.  Scott  died  in  May,  1870.  Dr.  Bronson  returned 
to  Nowgong  early  in  1871,  and  with  invigorated 
health  resumed  his  work,  employing  himself  in  tlie 
Assamese  department,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Neiglibor, 
who  had  joined  him,  in  the  Mikir  department. 
Dr.  Bronson  removed  to  Gowahati  in  1875.  At 
present  there  is  one  church  with  106  members. 

4.  Sibsagor.  The  Sibsagor  station  was  com- 
menced in   1841.     It  has  been  the  headquarters 


from  which  excursions  have  been  made  to  the  Naga 
hills,  where  successful  evangelical  work  has  been 
done.  The  lamented  Dr.  Ward  and  his  wife  de- 
serve honorable  mention  in  connection  with  this 
station.  There  was  reported  in  May  last  one 
church  with  126  members. 

The  mission  in  Assam  has  on  the  whole  been  a 
successful  one,  especially  in  its  connection  witli  the 
Garos.  We  may  confidently  look  for  large  results 
in  the  future  in  this  mission. 

Associations,  Baptist— According  to  Dr.  Un- 
derbill an  association  or  general  assembly  of  the 
churches  in  Somersetshire  and  the  adjacent  coun- 
ties, in  England,  was  formed  about  1653.  several 
meetings  of  which  were  held  during  succeeding 
)'ears  at  Wells,  Tiverton,  and  Bridgewater.  Otliers 
are  under  the  impression  that  regular  Associations 
were  instituted  at  a  later  period,  and  tluit  they 
sprung  from  the  inconvenience  of  meeting  in  larger 
bodies  than  tliose  gathered  in  Somersetshire.  The 
first  general  assembly,  representing  the  nation,  met 
in  London  in  September,  1689;  it  was  composed 
of  delegates  from  more  than  a  hundred  churches 
scattered  over  England  and  AVales ;  it  gave  its 
sanction  to  the  celebrated  creed  now  known  with 
additions  as  tlie  Pliiladelphia  Confession  of  Faith. 
This  convention  disclaimed  all  ''power  to  prescribe 
or  impose  anything  u]ion  the  faith  or  practice  of 
any  of  the  churches  of  Christ,"  even  though  they 
were  represented  in  the  assembly  ;  and  they  further 
resolved  "that  whatever  is  determined  by  us  in 
any  case  shall  not  be  binding  upon  any  one  church 
till  the  consent  of  that  church  be  first  had."  In 
it  every  motion  about  ''counsel  or  advice  had  to 
be  proved  out  of  the  Word  of  God,  and  the  Scrip- 
tures given  with  the  fraternal  counsels."  The 
messengers  composing  the  assembly  brought  let- 
ters from  the  churches  commending  them  to  it. 
Its  "  breviats"  or  minutes  were  '"  transcribed,"  and 
a  cojiy  sent  to  every  church.  The  assembly,  at  a 
time  when  traveling  was  expensive  and  dangerous, 
was  found  to  be  inconvenient,  and  Associations, 
with  exactly  the  same  aims  and  powers,  took  the 
place  of  the  larger  body.  This  is  Crosby's  account. 
Ivimey  states  that  one  Association  of  west  of  Eng- 
land Baptist  Churches  met  in  Bristol  and  another 
in  Frome  in  1692.  These  were  probably  the  first 
regular  Baptist  Associations  of  modern  times. 

The  Philadelphia  Association  was  formally  es- 
tablished in  1707,  and  it  has  lived  and  flourished 
ever  since.  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  in  his  "Century 
Sermon,"  published  in  the  volume  of  "  Minutes 
from  1707  to  1807,"  informs  us  that  this  body  orig- 
inated in  what  were  "  called  general  and  sometimes 
yearly  meetings."  These  meetings  were  com- 
menced in  1088,  and  in  many  of  their  features 
they  appear  to  have  been  Associations.  But  in 
1707  they  had  regular  delegates  from  Lower  Dub- 


ASSOCIATIOXS 


47 


ATLANTA 


lin,  Middletown,  Cohansie,  Piscataqua,  and  Welsh 
Tract,  the  five  churches  composing  the  Association ; 
anil  their  meetings  instead  of  heing  almost  exclu- 
sively devotional,  became  assemblies  for  worship 
and  for  the  transaction  of  considerable  business 
for  their  churches.  We  have  now  10(J.i  Associations 
in  till'  United  States. 

Associations,  The  Oldest  American  Baptist. 
— The  Philadelphia  Association,  1707. 

The  Charleston  Association,  South  Carolina, 
1751. 

The  Sandy  Creek  Association,  Xorth  Carolina, 
1758. 

The  Kehukee  Association,  North  Carolina,  1765. 

Tlie  Ketocton  Association,  Virginia,  1706. 

The  Warren  Association,  Rhode  Island,  1767. 

The  Stonington  Association,  Connecticut,  1772. 

The  Red  Stone  Association,  Pennsylvania,  1776, 

The  New  Hampshire  Association,  New  Hamp- 
shire, 1776. 

The  Shaftesbury  Association,  A'erniont.  17S1. 

The  Woodstock  Association,  Vermont,  1783. 

The  Georgia  Association,  Georgia,  1784. 

The  Ilolston  Association,  Tennessee,  1780. 

Tlie  Rowdoinhara  Association,  Maine,  1787. 

Till-  ViM-innnt  Association,  Vermont,  1787. 

Atkinson,  Rev.  Wm,  D.,  was  born  in  GreeneCo., 
S.  C,  Nov.  17,  1818.     He  died  Oct.  17,  1S79.     His 


moved  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  Greene  County. 
Wm.  I).  Atkinson,  after  four  years  of  academical 
preparation,  entered  Mercer  University  in  1844  and 
graduated  in  1848.  He  had  been  converted  and 
Vjaptizcd  in  the  fall  of  1839,  was  licensed  by  Shiloh 
church  soon  after  graduation,  and  was  ordained  in 
Monticcllo,  Ga.,  in  September,  1848,  For  thirty 
years  he  served  various  churches  in  Monroe,  Jasper, 
Harris,  Greene,  Glynn,  Pierce,  and  Tatnall  Coun- 
ties, He  was  an  industrious,  energetic,  and  sym- 
pathizing pastor,  and  an  earnest,  forcible,  and  sen- 
sible speaker,  wielding  great  influence  over  his 
audiences.  His  piety  was  most  sincere,  and  in 
labors  he  was  truly  abundant.  He  taught  school 
frequently,  and  was  a  successful  instructor,  and  as 
an  advocate  of  the  temperance  cause  he  was  earnest 
and  uncompromising.  That  he  baptized  more  than 
a  thousand  jiersons  proves  his  success  as  a  pastor. 
He  turned  many  to  righteousness.  In  erecting 
houses  of  worship,  in  building  up  weak  churches, 
and  in  enlisting  the  pious  endeavors  of  church 
members  he  proved  himself  a  nuister-workman. 
Above  medium  size,  he  was  also  large  in  heart  and 
soul.  His  death  produced  a  profound  sensation  in 
Southern  Georgia,  where  he  was  laboring  at  the 
time,  and  all  classes  and  persuasions  unitoil  in  per- 
forming the  last  sad  duties  to  his  remains,  exclaim- 
ing, "  His  place  can  never  be  filled  !" 


ATLANTA   THEOLOGICAL    SEMIN'ART. 


paternal  grandfather  was  a  Xorth  Carolinian,  who 
fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  at  its  close 


Atlanta  Theological  Seminary.— This  semi- 
nary, for  the  education  of  colored  Baptist  ministers 


ATONEMEXr 


48 


.1  ■nVELL 


in  Georgia,  is  sustained  chiefly  by  tlie  American 
Baptist  Ilnnie  Mission  Society,  wliosc  lieadquiir- 
ters  are  in  New  Yoi'k.  Tlie  building  is  very 
neat  and  appropriate.  This  seminary  has  been  in 
existence  eight  years.  It  was  located  for  a  time  in 
Augusta,  under  the  name  of  the  "  Augusta  Insti- 
tute." It  has  given  instruction  to  SlKJ  students, 
of  whom  IS"  were  ministers,  or  candidates  for  the 
ministry.  It  contains  now  100  students,  GO  of 
whom  are  preparing  for  the  pulpit. 

Atonement,  The. — The  atonement  is  a  Ininx/er 
of  our  i/uilt  to  Je.iii.f.  This  doctrine  is  .strikingly 
foreshadowed  Ijy  the  Jewish  scapegoat.  Of  it 
Moses  says,  ''  And  Aaron  shall  lay  both  his  hands 
upon  the  head  of  the  live  goat,  and  confess  over 
him  all  the  ininuities  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
all  their  transgressions  in  all  their  sins,  putting 
them  upon  the  head  of  the  goat,  and  shall  send 
him  away  by  the  hand  of  a  fit  man  into  the  wilder- 
ness :  and  the  goat  shall  bear  upon  him  all  their 
iniquities  unto  a  land  not  inhabited;  and  he  shall 
let  go  the  goat  in  the  wilderness."  Lev.  svi.  21, 
22.  The  blond  of  the  goat  was  not  spilled,  no  blow 
was  inflicted  upon  it ;  but  the  sins  of  the  children 
of  Israel  were  typically  placed  upon  it  to  prefigure 
the  transfer  of  our  sins  to  the  Son  of  God.  In  the 
case  of  the  scapegoat  the  transfer  was  figurative, 
in  the  Saviour's  it  was  literal.  "  He  was  numbered 
with  the  transgressors,  and  he  bare  the  sin  of 
many.''  Isa.  liii.  12.  •'  The  Lord  hath  laid  on 
him  the  iniquity  of  us  all."'  Isa.  liii.  6.  "  For 
he  hath  made  him  to  bo  sin  for  us,  who  knew  no 
sin;  that  we  might  be  made  the  righteousness  of 
God  in  him."  2  Cor.  v.  21.  Paul  shows  that  he 
means  the  actual  transfer  of  our  guilt  to  Christ  by 
saying,  "  Who  knew  no  sin," — that  is,  of  his  own  ; 
he  was  made  sin,  he  says,  by  reckoning  our  sins  to 
him,  not  by  any  sins  which  he  committed.  The 
word  translated  sin  cannot  mean  a  sin-offering  in 
this  text,  for  it  is  contrasted  with  righteousness.  If 
the  one  is  a  sin-offering  the  other  must  be  a  right- 
eousness-offering;  but  the  woi-d  translated  right- 
eousness has  no  such  meaning.  And  sin,  not  a 
sin-offering,  must  be  the  sense  of  the  word  in  this  con- 
nection. This  is  the  common  use  of  the  word  else- 
where. Men  may  put  forth  as  many  philosopliical 
pleas  as  their  ingenuity  can  furnish,  but  according 
to  Paul  the  sins  of  the  whole  saved  family  were 
reckoned  to — transferred  to  Jesus. 

The  atonement  is  a  transfer  of  our  pains  to  Jesus. 
The  entire  sufferings  demanded  by  our  sins  were 
inflicted  upon  the  Saviour.  Isaiah  liii.  5,  says,  "He 
was  wounded  for  our  transgressions,  he  was  bruised 
for  our  iniquities ;  the  chastisement  of  our  peace 
was  upon  him  ;  and  with  his  stripes  we  are  healed." 
Here  he  suffers  the  innocent  for  the  guilty ;  he 
takes  our  wounds,  our  bruises,  .and  the  chastise- 
ment of  our  peace ;    and  his  stripes  give  perfect 


healing  to  the  soul;  "the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ, 
Gods  Son.  shed  by  the  transferred  pains  of  the 
believing  family,  cleanses  us  from  all  sin."  Christ 
lived  and  died  as  the  proper  substitute  of  his  peo- 
ple; so  that  his  nets  were  theirs,  and  all  his  pains. 
This  doctrine  is  foresh;idowed  by  the  death  of  the 
paschal  lamb,  and  all  the  sacrifices  of  the  law  of 
Moses;  and  it  is  presented  in  all  its  fullness  by  the 
dread  scenes  of  Calvary.  As  Peter  says  in  his 
First  Epistle,  iii.  18,  "For  Christ  also  hath  once 
suffered  for  sins,  the  just  for  the  unjust,  that  he 
might  bring  us  to  God."  The  believer  has  lost  his 
sins  and  pains  eternally  in  the  death  of  his  loving 
Lord. 

The  desiijii  of  the  atonement  was  to  satisfi/  the 
mercy  of  God.  The  heart  of  God  is  a  fountain  of 
love  continually  overflowing,  and  nothing  can  keep 
in  its  bursting  streams.  To  gratify  this  irresistible 
affection  of  Jehovah  Jesus  became  a  man  and  en- 
dured our  pains,  ;ind  our  death  ;  and  now  "God  is 
in  Christ  reconciling  the  world  unto  himself  not 
imputing  their  trespasses  unto  tlieni.''  He  is  busy 
by  his  Spirit  removing  the  blind  hatred  to  himsolf 
of  human  hearts,  that  his  love  in  the  crucified 
Lamb  might  bring  multitudes  to  trust  and  love 
him. 

The  atonement  was  also  intended  to  meet  the  de- 
mands of  God' s  law.  It  complies  with  these  per- 
fectly. In  the  obedience  and  death  of  Christ  the 
pi'ecepts  of  the  law  have  been  fulHUcd  and  its  pen- 
alties have  been  endured,  and  he  is  "  the  end  of  the 
law  for  righteousness  to  every  one  that  believeth." 
Rom.  s.  4.  That  is,  he  is  its  completion,  its  J) i If  II- 
mcnt ;  and  when  a  soul  trusts  the  Saviour  the  law 
justifies  him  and  gives  him  the  righteousness  which 
Christ  acquired  when  he  obeyed  its  precepts  and 
suffered  its  penalties.  "  Even  the  righteousness  of 
God  which  is  by  faith  of  Jesus  Christ  unto  all  and 
upon  all  them  that  believe."  Horn.  iii.  22.  More- 
over, the  law  demanded  for  (iod  supreme  love  from 
men,  and  a  holy  life.  And  when  the  Spirit  changes 
a  human  heart,  and  gives  the  faith  which  secures 
the  forgiveness  of  God  in  the  soul,  the  happy  i-e- 
cipient  is  melted  in  atioring  gratitude  before  the 
Redeemer,  and  his  heart  looks  up  to  God  while  it 
Sivys,  "  Wliom  have  I  in  heaven  but  thee?  And 
there  is  none  upon  earth  that  I  desire  besides  thee." 
And  the  spirit  of  gr;vco  leads  him  into  the  holy 
dispositions  and  practices  enjoined  by  the  pure  law 
of  Jehovah. 

The  atonement  transfers  our  sins  and  pains  to 
Christ  our  substitute,  and  by  faith  in  Jesus  it  opens 
up  to  the  soul  a  channel  through  which  God's  par- 
doning love  may  reach  and  rejoice  it,  and  by  which 
the  Spirit's  sanctifying  grace  may  purify  the  heart, 
and  fit  it  for  the  evei'lasting  rest. 

At'well,  Rev.  George  Benjamin,  son  of  Rev. 
George  and  Esther  (Rogers)  Atwell ;  born  in  Lyme, 


AUGUSTA 


49 


AUSTIX 


Conn.,  July  9,  1793 ;  his  mother  was  a  sister  of 
Rev.  Peter  Rogers,  of  Revolutionary  fame;  his 
father  a  worthy  preacher  of  his  time;  converted 
when  nine  years  old  ;  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Colcliester,  Conn.,  in 
1820;  ordained  in  Longiiieadow,  Mass.,  in  1.S22, 
the  first  Baptist  minister  in  the  place;  pastor  in 
West  AVoodstock,  Conn.,  ten  years  ;  in  Cromwell 
one  year ;  in  Meriden  two  years ;  in  Canton  ten 
years;  in  Pleasant  Valley  twelve  years;  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  originality  of  expression,  purity 
of  life,  nobleness  of  character,  and  fidelity  to  his 
calling;  died  in  Pleasant  Valley,  April  23,  1879, 
in  his  eighty-sixth  year.  A  record  of  his  worthy 
life  has  been  given  to  the  pul)lic  in  a  volume  of 
"Memorial  Sketches,"'  by  his  daughter,  Harriet  G. 
At  well. 

Augusta,  Ga.,  First  Baptist  Church  of.— The 
First  Baptist  church  in  Augusta  originated  thus, 
to  quote  from  the  earliest  church  record:  "In  the 
year  1817,  Jesse  D.  Green,  a  layman,  was  active  in 
gathering  together  the  few  scattered  Baptists  in 
Augusta,  ami,  after  holding  one  or  more  prelimi- 
nary meetings,  the  brethren  and  sisters,  to  the  num- 
ber of  eighteen,  had  drawn  up  and  adopted  a  cov- 
enant, to  which  they  affixed  their  names."  This 
was  styled  "  The  Baptist  Praying  Society."  On 
the  fourth  Saturday  and  Sunday  in  May,  1817,  the 
society  assembled  in  the  court-house,  and  were 
regularly  constituted,  by  the  advice  and  assistance 
of  brethren  Abraham  Marshall,  Matthews,  Car- 
son, and  Antony.  Brother  Matthews  preached 
from  Matt.  xvi.  18.  At  the  various  meetings  of 
1818,  and  during  the  early  part  of  1819,  Rev. 
Abraham  Marshall  acted  as  pastor.  Subsequently, 
by  his  advice.  Rev.  .Jesse  Mercer  was  elected  pas- 
tor, but  declined  to  accept.  In  1820,  Rev.  Wm.  T. 
Brantly  was  chosen  to  the  pastoral  ottice,  and  con- 
sented to  serve  without  any  pecuniary  consideration 
for  his  services,  and,  by  permission  of  the  trustees, 
services  were  held  twice  every  Lord's  day  in  the 
chapel  of  the  academy,  of  which  Dr.  Brantly  was 
rector.  Througli  his  exertions  a  lot  was  secured, 
and  a  brick  house  which  cost  ^20.000  was  built  and 
dedicated  May  6,  1821.  A  large  congregation  was 
soon  collected,  Dr.  Brantly's  labors  were  greatly 
blessed,  many  conversions  followed,  and  members 
were  added,  embracing  in  some  instances  men  and 
women  of  prominence  and  wealth  ;  and  when  Dr. 
Brantly  resigned,  in  1826,  the  church  was  able  to 
give  his  successor  a  comfortable  support.  Perhaps 
the  church  owes  more  to  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  Sr., 
than  to  any  other  man.  Since  liis  time  it  has  gone 
steadily  forward,  increasing  in  strength  and  use- 
fulness, sending  out  four  colonies,  and  aiding  all 
the  grand  enterprises  sustained  by  the  denomina- 
tion. The  list  of  pastors  embraces  the  following: 
Rev.  James  Shannon,  from  1826  to   1829,  a  distin- 


guished scholar,  under  whose  labors  the  church  was 
prospered  ;  Rev.  C.  D.  Mallory,  from  1829  to  183.5. 
Earnest  in  godliness,  he  was  a  great  blessing  to  the 
church.  Pvev.  W.  .1.  Hard  succeeded,  and  labnred 
faithfully  until  1839.  In  the  autumn  of  1840,  Rev. 
Wni.  T.  Brantly,  the  younger,  took  charge,  and 
continued  in  oftice  eight  years.  During  his  term 
of  (iflice  several  precious  revivals  occurred,  and 
much  good  fruit  resulted  to  bless  the  church.  It 
was  found  nece.ssary  to  enlarge  the  bouse  in  1846 
to  .accommodate  the  congregation.  The  belfry  then 
erected  contains  the  bell,  a  present  from  AVm.  II. 
Turpin,  for  more  than  forty  years  a  devoted  friend 
and  member  of  the  church.  Brief  pastorates  then 
ensued  of  Rev.  N.  G.  Foster  and  Rev.  C.  B.  Jan- 
nett.  Dr.  J.  G.  Binney  was  pnstor  from  18.J2  to 
185.5,  when  he  resumed  missionary  work  in  Bur- 
mah.  During  his  ministry  twenty  feet  more  were 
added  to  the  rear  of  the  building.  Rev.  .1.  E. 
Rycrson,  a  most  eloquent  man,  followed,  serving 
until  1860.  Dr.  A.  J.  Huntington  then  became 
pastor,  and  continued  in  charge  until  the  summer 
of  1S65.  Rev.  3.  H.  Cuthbcrt  was  his  successor, 
under  whose  earnest  ministry  the  church  was  re- 
vived, and  .«ome  valuable  additions  made  to  the 
membership.  The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  James 
Dixon,  who  served  until  1874;  then  Dr.  M.  B. 
■Wharton  took  charge  and  labored  one  year  very 
successfully.  By  his  advice,  and  under  his  super- 
intendence, a  chapel  or  lecture-room,  which  is  with- 
out a  superior  in  the  State,  was  added  to  the  builil- 
ing.  Dr.  Wharton  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  W.  W. 
Landrum,  who  has  been  in  charge  since  Feb.  18, 
1876.  This  church  is  perhaps  the  secimd  Baptist 
church  in  the  State  as  regards  the  influence,  wealth, 
and  the  social  position  of  its  members,  coming  nest 
after  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Atlanta.  Its 
building,  in  which  the  Southern  Baptist  C(mvention 
was  oiganized  in  184-5,  though  nut  architecturally 
beautiful  and  commanding,  is  capacious  and  com- 
fortable. With  one  exception  it  is  the  largest  Prot- 
estant audience-room  in  the  city.  Its  location  is 
central,  and  now,  as  when  first  selected,  on  one  of 
the  most  eligible  lots  in  the  city. 

Austin,  Rev.  Richard  H.,  born  in  Uniontown, 
Pa.,  Oct,  19,  ISol,  was  converted  in  early  life,  and 
united  with  the  Methodist  Church ;  graduated  in 
the  Law  Department  of  Madison  College,  Pa.,  and 
afterwards  practiced  in  the  courts  of  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.  In  1S5()  he  was  baptized  at  I'niontown,  by 
Rev.  I.  D,  King;  was  ordained  in  1857.  and  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Brownsville,  Pa. ;  w.is 
subsequently  pastor  at  Pottsville,  Mendville,  and 
Franklin,  Pa.  Failing  health  obliged  him  to  with- 
draw from  the  pastorate,  and  he  entered  upon  a 
business  life.  His  labors  soon  became  abundantly 
remunerated,  and  in  recognition  of  God'.s  claim 
upon  his  accumulating  wealth  he  scattered  and  still 


AUSTRALIAN 


50 


AVER 


increased.  Many  needy  churches  and  pastors  be- 
came the  recipients  of  his  benefactions,  and  he 
delighted  to  honor  God  with  his  substance.  In 
187'J  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Baptist  General  Association.  This  position  he  still 
holds,  and,  having  retired  from  active  business  pur- 
suits, he  labors  with  zeal  and  liberality  to  advance 
the  interests  of  State  mission  work.  lie  is  also  a 
member  of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  university 
at  Lewisburg.  lie  is  an  earnest  preacher,  and  lias 
a  warm  heart  and  ready  hand  for  every  good  word 
and  win'k. 

Australian  Baptists. — The  earliest  mention  in 
official  reports  of  the  churches  founded  by  the  Bap- 
tists in  Australia  is  in  the  appendix  to  the  account 
of  the  session  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  held  in  London.  April  19-24,  1844.  It 
is  there  stated  that  the  following  churches  had  been 
established:  Sydney.  3:  Port  -Jackson,  1:  Port 
Philip,  1  ;  A''an  Dienien's  Land,  2  ;  South  Australia, 
2;  in  all,  nine  churches.  The  number  of  mem- 
bers does  not  appear,  and  probably  was  very  suiall, 
the  colonies  being  then  in  their  infancy.  During 
the  next  twenty  years  the  population  of  the  several 
colonies  greatly  increased,  and  the  steady  stream 
of  immigration  from  the  mother-country  strength- 
ened the  existing  churches  and  promoted  the  foi'- 
mation  of  others.  In  1865  the  official  report  of  the 
Baptist  Union  stated  that  there  were  20  churches 
in  Australia  and  2  in  New  Zealand,  nearly  all  of 
them  having  pastors.  The  2  churches  in  Mel- 
bourne reported  an  aggregate  membership  of  72", 
but  most  of  the  others  were  small,  only  1  besides 
having  more  than  100  members.  During  the  next 
few  years  some  eiforts  were  made  in  England  to 
.secure  for  the  Australian  field  the  services  of  min- 
isters of  superior  training  and  ability,  and  the  prin- 
cipal cities  were  supplied  with  pastors  whose  pres- 
ence and  efforts  gave  an  impetus  to  denominational 
growth.  In  1874  there  were  22  churches  in  New 
South  AVales,  10  in  Queensland,  41  in  South  Aus- 
tralia, 51  in  Victoria,  14  in  New  Zealand,  3  in  Tas- 
mania, or  Van  Diemen's  Land.  The  population 
of  Victoria  was  731,538,  and  the  aggregate  Baptist 
membership  about  1700.  From  the  Baptist  Union 
report  for  the  present  year  (1880)  it  appears  that 
much  has  been  done  in  later  years  to  consolidate 
and  unify  the  denomination.  Scarcely  any  of  the 
Australian  churches  are  unassociated,  and  societies 
for  promoting  missions  in  foreign  countries,  for  suc- 
coring weak  churches,  and  fir  educating  students 
for  the  ministry  are  in  regular  working  order. 
The  Victorian  Association  reports  34  churches, 
with  a  membership  of  2636,  and  19  branch  schools 
and  stations,  367  Sunday-school  teachers,  and  38S0 
scholars.  Besides  a  home  mission,  this  Association 
supports  several  native  missionaries  in  India.  The 
South  Australian  Association  has  38  churches  and 


5  preaching  stations.  21  preachers  engaged  in  min- 
isterial work,  and  2311  members.  The  New  South 
Wales  Baptist  Union  reports  14  churclies  and  4 
stations,  716  members,  1035  Sunday-.school  scholars, 
lis  teachers,  and  it  circulates  a  denominaticmal 
paper.  The  Queensland  Association  has  21  churches 
and  stations,  729  members,  10  pastors,  not  including 
0  Gci-man  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  of 
about  300.  Id  New  Zealand  there  is  1  Association 
in  the  south  of  the  island,  with  7  churches,  and  there 
are  about  twice  as  many  unassociateil.  The  aggre- 
gate membership  is  1450,  with  15  ministers.  No 
progress  appears  to  have  boon  nia<le  in  Tasmania, 
the  report  showing  the  existence  of  only  3  churches, 
but  giving  no  statistics.  The  total  number  of  Bap- 
tist churches  in  Australasia  nn\y  he  given  approxi- 
mately as  127,  with  87  ministers  and  7700  members. 
In  the  leading  cities  the  church  edifices  are  large 
and  elegant,  that  in  Collins  Street,  IMolbonrne,  ac- 
commodating 1050  persons.  The  largest  member- 
ship is  reported  by  the  Hinders  Street  church, 
Adelaide,  namely,  474.  Two  of  the  Melbourne 
churches  report  more  than  400  members  in  each. 

Avery,  Angus  Clark,  was  born  -Jan.  26,  1836, 
in  Ileury  Co.,  Mo.  The  Averys  first  settled  in 
Groton,  Conn.  Nino  of  them  wore  killed  in  tlic 
war  of  the  Revolution.  Five  were  wounded  at 
Groton  Heights  in  1781,  ami  four  were  commis- 
sioned officers  in  the  struggle  for  independence. 
His  mother's  ancestors  settled  in  Virginia,  and 
were  active  in  the  war  for  independence.  His 
great-grandfather  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Blue 
Lick.  Mr.  Avery  studied  two  years  in  Burrett 
College,  and  a  year  in  the  State  University  o?  Mis- 
souri, and  graduated  from  Burrett  College  with 
valedictory  honors  in  1858.  He  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  ISOO,  and  he  practiced 
law  in  Clinton,  Mo.,  till  the  war  suspended  busi- 
ness. He  then  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate, 
and  is  now  the  largest  land-holder  in  the  county, 
and  he  has  done  more  than  any  other  man  for  the 
surrounding  country.  Through  great  difficulties 
he  built  portions  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  and 
Texas  Railroad,  and  he  secured  the  completion  of 
this  great  highway,  lie  established  the  first  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Clinton.  He  is  a  member  and  a 
deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Clinton,  .and  su- 
perintendent of  its  Sabbath-school,  and  he  con- 
tributed i?10.0l)0  to  liuild  its  house  of  worship. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  AVilliam  Jewell  College,  Mo., 
and  a  large  contributor  to  its  endowment.  Few 
men  are  more  favorably  known  than  Mr.  Avery. 
He  is  a  man  of  large  means  and  of  great  humility, 
and  he  is  an  untiring  worker  for  Jesus.  He  holds 
many  important  offices,  and  he  is  growing  in  use- 
fulness as  a  citizen  and  as  a  Christian. 

Ayer,  Gen.  L.  M.,  was  born  in  B.arnwell  Co., 
S.  C,  in  1830,  of  wealthy  parents.     He  is  a  grad- 


BABCOCK 


51 


BABCOCK 


uate  of  the  South  Carolina  College ;  studied  law, 
but  gave  his  attention  chiefly  to  politics;  served 
several  terms  in  the  Legislature,  was  a  general  of 
militia,  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Con- 
gress, but  the  beginning  of  the  war  prevented  him 
from  taltini;  his  seat.     lie  was  afterwards  in  the 


Confederate  Congress.  About  ten  years  ago  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry. 
He  is  remarkable  for  kindness  and  hospitality,  and 
is  an  able  speaker.  He  has  recently  published  a 
work  on  infant  salvation,  which  has  elicited  high 
commendation. 


B. 


Babcoek,  Gen.  Joshua,  born  in  Westerly,  R.  I., 
in  1707;  graduatcil  at  Yale  College;  studied  med- 
icine and  surgery  in  Boston  and  in  England;  set- 
tled in  his  native  town  ;  was  an  accomplished 
scholar;  mucli  in  public  business;  became  chief 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island  ;  in- 
timate with  Benjamin  Franklin  ;  first  postmaster 
in  Westerly  in  1776  ;  had  an  elegant  mansion,  still 
standing  ;  enrolled  a  Baptist ;  one  of  the  first  cor- 
porators of  Brown  University  in  1764,  and  one  of 
tlie  board  of  fellows  in  1770  ;  a  major-general  of 
militia  in  1776  ;  very  active  in  the  Revolution  ;  had 
two  half-brothers  and  three  sons  that  graduated  at 
Yale  College.  His  son.  Col.  Henry,  became  distin- 
L'uished,  and  was  a  Baptist,  having  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  Mass.  Dr.  Joshua 
died  in  AVesterly,  April  1,  1783,  aged  seventy-six. 

Babcoek,  Rev.  Oliver  W.,  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Ouiro,  Wis.,  is  a  native  of  Swan- 
ton,  Franklin  Co.,  Vt.,  where  he  was  born  in  1818, 
and  where  he  passed  his  childhood  and  youth.  He 
began  his  ministry  in  his  native  State  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Enosliurg  Falls,  where  he  was 
ordained  Sept.  24,  1849.  He  was  pastor  at  East 
Enosburg,  North  Fairfax,  jS'(n-tli  and  South  Fair- 
field, and  Fletcher,  in  Vermont.  In  New  York  he 
served  the  Baptist  church  at  Stockholm  two  years, 
Malone  five  years,  Madrid  one  year,  and  Gouver- 
neur  seven  years.  In  1867,  umlcr  appointment  of 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society,  he 
went  to  Wisconsin,  and  became  pastor  at  Manasha 
and  Neenali,  where  he  labored  six  years.  He  sub- 
sequently became  pastor  for  a  brief  period  at  Ap- 
plcton,  and  he  is  now  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Omro,  where  he  has  labored  with  much  accept- 
ance for  six  years. 

Babcoek,  Rev.  Rufus,  son  of  Elias  Babcoek, 
was  born  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  April  22, 1758. 
His  father,  a  Separatist  and  then  a  Baptist,  moved 
with  his  parents,  about  1775,  to  North  Canaan, 
Conn. ;  was  two  or  three  times  called  out  as  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Revolution  ;  served  with  the  company  of 
Capt.  Timothy  Morse,  whose  daughter  he  married  ; 


in  1783  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joshua  MorSe ;  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Landisfield,  Mass.,  by 
which,  afterwards,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  :  gath- 
ered a  church  in  Colebrook.  Conn.,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  1794;  the  first  minister  of  any  denomi- 
nation settled  in  that  town  ;  began  his  preaching 
in  a  barn  in  mid-winter  ;  preached  also  widely  in 
the  towns  adjacent  with  large  success;  served  the 
Colebrook  church  as  pastor  till  ho  was  seventy-three 
years  old  ;  received  above  .500  members  ;  educated 
his  two  younger  sons,  Cyrus  Giles,  and  Rufus.  .Jr., 
at  Brown  University, — the  former  grailuated  in 
1816,  and  died  soon  after, — the  latter  graduated 
in  1821  and  became  the  widely-known  Baptist 
preacher.  Dr.  Rufus  Babcoek ;  he  had  a  vigorous 
mind,  was  an  effective  preacher,  widely  known 
and  greatly  honored.  He  died  in  November,  1842, 
aged  eighty-four  years. 

Babcoek,  Rufus,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Colebrook, 
Conn.,  Sept.  18,  1798.  His  father  was  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place.  He  entered 
Brown  University  in  1817,  and  passed  through  the 
full  course  of  study,  graduating  in  1821.  Among 
his  classmates  were  President  Eliphaz  Fay,  of 
AVaterville  College;  Hon.  Levi  Ilaile,  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island ;  and  the  well- 
known  Dr.  Samuel  G,  Howe,  of  Boston.  Not  long 
after  leaving  college  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
Columbian  College,  now  Columbian  University, 
which,  under  Rev.  Dr.  Staughton,  had  recently 
been  estalilished  in  Washington,  D.  C.  During  his 
connection  with  the  college  he  pursued  his  theologi- 
cal studies  under  the  direction  of  its  gifted  presi- 
dent, having  already  received  a  license  to  preach 
from  the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member.  Ho 
was  ordained  in  1823  by  the  Hudson  River  Asso- 
ciation at  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y..  and  shortly  after 
his  ordination  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  place.  Here  he  remained  until  invited  to 
Salem,  Slass.  There  he  had  a  most  happy  and 
successful  ministry  from  1826  to  1833.  He  was 
then  invited  to  take  the  presidency  of  Waterville 
College  (now  Colby  University),  which  office  he 


BARCOCK 


52 


BACKUS 


held  for  neai'Iy  four  years.  Retiring  from  it,  he 
took  o!iar;;e  suocossively  of  the  Spruce  Street  church 
in  Pliilaili'lpliia,  the  First  Baptist  church  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  then  again  of  the  church  in 
Poughkeepsie  where  he  commenced  his  ministry. 
Ilis  hist  pastorate  was  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  In  the 
work  of  religious  organizations  which  were  con- 
cerned in  giving  the  gospel  to  the  destitute  he  took 
great  interest.  He  was  president  of  the  American 
Baptist  Puhlication  Society,  the  corresponding  sec- 
retary of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
to  promote  whose  interests  he  wrote  and  traveled 
extensively.  At  different  times  \w.  acted  also  as  an 
agent  of  the  American  Sunday-School  Union.  For 
these  places  of  trust  and  useful  labor  he  possessed 
rare  qualifications,  and  did  good  service  in  the 
cause  of  his  Master.  Dr.  Babcock  had  a  ready  pen, 
and  always  maintained  an  intimate  connection  with 
the  religious  press.  From  1S4I  to  l.'^4.5  he  was  the 
editor  of  the  Biiplist  Memaridl.  He  wri>te  and 
published  <luring  his  life  several  volumes.  Ilis 
correspondence  witb  the  Watchman,  as  it  is  now 
called,  extended  over  almost  the  entire  pericid  of  its 
existence.  He  devoted  himself  with  ceaseless  dili- 
gence to  the  work  to  which  he  consecrated  the  dew 
of  his  youth  and  the  energies  of  his  riper  years. 
His  death  created  a  void  which  has  never  in  all 
respects  been  filled.  When  he  left  the  world  it 
could  truly  be  said,  "  Blessed  are  the  dead  which 
die  in  tlie  Lord  from  henceforth.  Yea,  saitb  the 
Spirit,  that  they  may  rest  from  their  labors ;  and 
their  works  do  follow  them." 

Dr.  Babcock  died  at  Salem,  Mass.,  where  ho  had 
gone  to  visit  among  his  old  parishioners.  The  event 
occurred  May  4,  187.5. 

Babcock,  Rev.  Stephen,  bom  in  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  Oct.  12,  170G,  was  a  constituent  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  in  Westerly  in  1742,  and 
was  chosen  a  de.acon  ;  bocamR  a  Separatist ;  or- 
ganized the  Baptist  church  (Hill  church)  in  Wes- 
terly, April  5,  1750,  and  was  ordained  the  pastor 
on  the  same  day  ;  acted  a  conspicuous  and  effective 
part  in  the  great  "New  Light"  movement;  aided 
in  organizing  many  new  churches  ;  joined  in  call- 
ing the  famous  council  of  May  29,  175.3,  held  in 
North  Stonington,  Conn.,  and  the  council  in  E.xcter, 
R.  I.,  in  September,  1S54;  bold,  faithful  standard- 
bearer  in  troublous  times ;  died  full  of  historic 
honor  Dec.  22,  1775.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son. 
Rev.  Oliver  Babcock:  ordained  Sept.  18,  1776; 
good  and  faithful ;  died  Feb.  13,  1784,  in  his  forty- 
sixth  year. 

Backus,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Backus,  of 
Norwich,  Conn.,  and  mother  of  Rev.  Isaac  Backus, 
the  Baptist  historian,  was  a  descendant  of  the  Plym- 
outh Winslows,  and  a  talented,  heroic  Christian 
woman  ;  was  converted  in  1721  ;  lost  her  husband 
in  1740  :  became  a  Separatist  with  her  son  in  1745  ; 


was  suspended  from  communion  of  the  Congrega- 
tional church,  with  hor  son  and  seven  others,  Oct. 
17,  1745;  was  imprisoned  for  refusing  to  pay  rates 
for  the  standing  order  in  October,  1752,  when  she 
wrote  her  son  the  letter  that  has  Ix^come  historic; 
and  died  Jan.  26,  1709.  Though  she  did  not  unite 
with  the  Baptists,  as  there  was  then  no  Baptist 
church  in  that  region,  yet  she  evidently  held  firmly 
and  suffered  bravely  for  some  of  their  distinguish- 
ing principles. 

Backus,    Rev.  Isaac,    was   horn   at   Norwich, 
Conn.,  .Jan.  9,  1724,  i>f  parents  who  were  actively 


REV.   IS.\.\C    DACKUS. 

identified  with  the  "  pure"  Congregationalism  as 
opposed  to  the  Saybrook  platform,  and  his  early 
religious  training  influenced  greatly  his  future  life. 
He  was  converted  in  1741  during  the  Great  New 
England  Awakening,  but  did  not  join  himself  to 
the  church  until  ten  months  later,  and  then  with 
much  hesitation,  owing  to  the  laxity  of  church  dis- 
cipline and  its  low  state  of  religious  feeling.  From 
this  church — the  First  Congregational  of  Norwich 
— he  and  others  soon  separated  themselves,  and 
began  to  hold  meetings  on  the  Sabbath  for  mutual 
edification.  Feeling  himself  called  by  God  to  the 
work  of  his  ministry,  he  shortly  after  began  to 
exhort  and  preach,  although  there  were  at  that  time 
penal  enactments  against  public  preaching  by  any 
except  settled  pastors,  unless  with  their  consent 
and  at  their  express  desire.  He  was,  however,  un- 
molested, and  addressed  himself  earnestly  to  the 
work  of  a  pastor  and  evangelist,  his  first  pastorate 
being  that  of  a  .Separate  church  at  Middleborough, 
to  which  be  was  ordained   in  1748.     In  the  follow- 


n.ick'cs 


53 


BACKUS 


inr;year  he  married  Susannah  Mason,  of  Relioboth, 
with  whom  he  lived  fifty-one  years,  and  of  whom 
lie  wrote  near  the  close  of  his  life  that  he  consid- 
ered her  the  j^roatcst  earthly  blessing  God  had  ri;iven 
him. 

Tho  subject  of  baiUism  was  afiitating  the  church 
of  whiuli  Mr.  I5acl<us  took  charge,  ami  it  was  only 
after  a  long  and  bitter  struggle  with  himself  that 
two  years  later  he  was  enabled  to  put  aside  all 
doubts  and  perplexities  on  the  subject  and  come 
out  unreservedly  for  baptism  through  a  profession 
of  faith.  His  stan<l  on  this  subject  and  his  baptism 
by  Elder  Peirc.e,  of  Rhode  Island,  soon  led  to  his 
exclusion  froni  the  church,  although  he  did  not 
consider  himself  a  Baptist,  nor  did  he  desire  to 
connect  himself  with  that  denomination.  He  con- 
tinued his  labors  as  an  evangelist  until  1756,  when, 
with  six  baptized  believers,  a  Baptist  duirch  was 
formiMl  in  Midiileborough.  and  Mr.  Backus  was  or- 
dained its  pastor.  In  1705  he  was  elected  a  trustee 
of  Brown  University,  which  position  he  held  for 
thirty-four  years. 

At  this  time  the  Baptists  were  Subject  to  much 
oppression  and  persecution  by  the  civil  powers  of 
Massachusetts.  They  were  taxed  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  state  churches,  and  upon  refusal  of 
payment  of  rates  their  lands  and  goods  were  dis- 
tressed, and  themselves  put  in  prison.  In  1774, 
Mr.  Backus  was  chosen  agent  of  thq  Baptist 
churches  of  Massachusetts,  and  to  his  faithful  and 
untiring  labors  we  owe  much  of  our  present  civil 
liberty.  For  ten  j^ears  he  labored  and  struggled 
and  wrote  for  exemption  from  the  burdens  laid 
upon  the  Baptists;  but  although  not  entirely  unsuc- 
cessful he  did  not  live  to  see  the  fruit  of  his  work, 
the  entire  severance  of  church  and  state  in  Massa- 
chusetts not  taking  place  until  1833. 

In  1774,  Mr.  Backus  was  sent  as  the  agent  of  the 
Bapt'st  churches  of  the  Warren  Association  to 
Philadelphia  to  endeavor  to  enlist  in  their  behalf 
the  Continental  Congress,  which  met  there  at  that 
time.  He  with  agents  from  other  Associations  con- 
ferred with  the  Massachusetts  delegation  and  others, 
and  President  Manning,  of  Brown  University,  read 
a  meuiorial  setting  forth  the  grievances  and  op- 
pressions under  which  the  Baptists  labored,  and 
praying  for  relief  thererroni.  The  result  of  this 
effort  on  the  part  of  the  New  England  Baptists  to 
obtain  religious  freedom  was  hurtful  rather  than 
advantageous.  After  the  adjournment  of  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  most  unjust  and  untruthful  re- 
ports were  circulated  in  regard  to  tlie  proceedings 
of  the  conference.  The  Baptists  were  accused  of 
presenting  false  charges  of  oppression  in  order  to 
prevent  the  colonies  uniting  in  defense  of  their  lib- 
erties. To  counteract  if  possible  these  injurious 
reports  Mr.  Backus  met  the  Committee  of  Griev- 
ances  at   Boston,  and    they   drew  up  an    address 


affirming  their  loyalty  to  the  colonies  and  defend- 
ing their  action  at  Philadelphia,  and  it  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Congress  of  Massachusetts  then  in 
session.  In  1775,  when  the  General  Court  met  at 
Watertown,  Mr.  Backus  sent  in  a  memorial,  setting 
forth  with  great  plainness  the  policy  of  the  State 
towards  those  who  were  not  of  the  Standing  Order, 
and  demanding  religious  liberty  as  the  inherent 
right  of  every  man.  This  memorial  w.as  twice 
read  in  the  Assembly,  and  permission  was  given 
Dr.  Fletcher  to  bring  in  a  bill  for  the  redress  of  the 
grievances  ''  he  apprehended  the  Baptists  labored 
under."  The  bill  was  brought  in  but  never  acted 
upon  by  the  House.  Under  the  direction  of  the 
Association,  which  met  that  year  at  Warren.  Mr. 
Backus  then  drew  up  a  letter  t(>  all  the  Baptist 
societies  asking  for  a  general  meeting  of  their  dele- 
gates for  devising  the  best  means  for  attaining  their 
religious  freedom.  In  1777  he  read  an  aildress  be- 
fore the  Warren  Association  "To  the  I'eople  of 
New  England"  on  the  subject  of  religious  freedom, 
and  the  same  year  his  first  volume  of  the  "  History 
of  New  England"  was  issued.  In  the  following 
year  he  read  before  the  Warren  Association  another 
paper  on  religious  liberty,  which  was  published  ;it 
their  unanimous  request.  In  1779  be  published  in 
the  Independent  C/iranirle,  of  Boston,  a  reply  to  ibe 
statement  made  at  the  drafting  of  the  proposed 
new  State  constitution,  that  the  Baptists  had  never 
been  persecuted,  and  they  h.ad  sent  their  agent  to 
Philadelphia  in  1774  with  a  false  memorial  of  tljcir 
grievances  in  order  to  prevent  the  union  of  the 
colonies.  This  false  assertion  was  made  in  order 
to  obtain  votes  necessary  to  carry  Article  III.  in 
the  Bill  of  Rights,  which  gave  to  civil  rulers  powers 
in  religious  matters.  In  1780  the  Baptist  Conven- 
tion published  an  ajipeal  to  the  people  against  this 
article,  wbicrh  led  to  a  newspaper  controversy,  in 
which  the  Baptists  were  defended  by  Mr.  Backus, 
A  protest  was  then  issued  by  the  Association,  liut 
the  General  Court  nevertheless  adopted  the  oljcc- 
tionable  article,  and  the  Warren  Association  through 
their  agent  again  addressed  the  Baptists  of  the 
State.  Under  the  new  constitution  the  Baptists, 
"if  they  gave  in  certificates  to  the  ruling  sect  that 
they  belonged  to  a  Baptist  society,  and  desired  their 
money  to  go  to  the  minister  thereof,  he  (the  min- 
ister) could  sue  the  money  out  of  the  hands  of 
those  who  took  it."  Mr,  Backus  met  the  Com- 
mittee of  Grievances  in  1785  to  consult  with  them 
in  relation  to  their  course  of  action  under  such 
ruling.  They  concluded  to  accept  the  compromise 
despite  the  earnest  objections  of  Mr.  Backus.  Had 
they  been  willing  to  resist,  even  to  the  loss  of  thcii 
jiroperty,  the  giving  in  of  certificates,  and  had  they 
demanded  the  entire  separation  of  church  and  state, 
the  desired  end  would  no  doubt  have  been  attained 
many  years  before  it  was. 


Backus 


54 


BA  CON 


In  1789,  Mr.  Backus  visited  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  at  the  request  of  the  brethren,  for  the 
purpose  of  strengthening  and  liuilding  up  their 
churclies.  lie  spent  sis  months  in  this  work,  and 
was  the  means  of  accomplishing  much  good.  The 
distance  lie  traveled  while  there — some  3000  miles 
— and  the  number  of  sermons  pi'eached — 126 — 
show  the  marvelous  energy  of  the  man,  and  the 
iinmonse  amount  of  work  he  must  have  accom- 
plished (luring  his  ministerial  life. 

Mr.  B:ickus  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  a 
pastor  and  evangelist  until  within  a  short  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  Nov.  20,  1806.  In  ap- 
pearance he  was  tall  and  commanding,  and  in  later 
years  inclined  towards  portliness.  He  possessed 
an  iron  constitution,  and  was  capable  of  great 
physical  endurance. 

The  historical  works  of  Mr.  Backus  are  of  great 
value  on  account  of  tlie  deep  research  he  made  in 
the  collection  of  his  material,  and  his  impartiality 
in  presenting  the  facts.  The  Baptists  owe  much 
to  him  for  the  discovery  and  preservation  (if  many 
interesting  and  ini]i(irtant  events  concerning  their 
history  during  colonial  times. 

Backus,  Jay  S.,  D.D.,  a  Baptist  clergyman,  was 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  17,  IS  10,  and 
died  in  Groton,  N.  Y.,  1879.  He  studied  at  Madi- 
son University,  but  Viy  reason  of  serious  illness, 
which  crippled  him  for  life,  he  did  not  finish  his 
course.  Nevertheless  the  degrees  of  Master  of  Arts 
and  Doctor  of  Divinity  were  conferred  on  him  by 
that  university.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  of  Groton,  N.  Y.,  which  he  served 
with  marked  success.  During  this  pastorate  he 
labored  as  an  evangelist,  assisting  other  ministers 
in  special  revival  meetings.  In  this  work  he  was 
known  as  a  preacher  of  great  power.  lie  also 
served  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Auburn,  N.  Y.,  the  McDougal  Street  and  the 
South  Baptist  churches  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Syracuse,  whose 
house  of  worship  had  been  burned  while  unin- 
sured. By  undaunted  effort,  perseverance,  and 
financial  tact  he  secured  a  new  and  better  house, 
and  dedicated  it  free  from  debt. 

For  a  few  years  he  was  associate  editor  of  the 
New  York  Chronicle  with  Dr.  Pharcellus  Church. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  a  position  of  great 
responsibility  and  high  honor.  The  energy,  the 
zeal,  the  sanctified  ambition,  so  characteristic  of 
the  man,  made  him  (me  of  the  most  successful 
managers  of  that  great  enterprise. 

Bacon,  Joel  Smith,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cayuga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  3,  hS()2.  In  1821  he  entered 
Homer  Academy,  and  after  two  years'  study  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Sophomore  class  at  Hamilton 
College,  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  where,  in  1S2G,  he  gradu- 


ated with  honors.  While  at  college  he  was  distin- 
guished for  scholarship  and  readiness  in  debate. 
Among  his  classmates  were  Dr.  Hague,  Judge  Bos- 
worth.  Dr.  Carmichael,  and  others  eminent  in  church 


JOEL    SMITH    BA(.'U.\,   D.U. 

and  state.  For  one  year  after  his  graduation  Dr. 
Bacon  taught  school  in  xVmelia  Co.,  Va.  The  year 
following  he  took  charge  of  a  classical  school  in 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  while  there  associated  inti- 
mately with  inembers  of  the  faculties  of  the  col- 
lege and  the  seminary,  and  was  highly  esteemed 
by  them.  In  1829  he  .accepted  the  presidency  of 
Georgetown  College,  and  held  it  for  ten  years, 
with  the  universal  respect  of  the  students,  of  the 
trustees,  and  of  the  community.  In  1831  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry.  In  1833  he  resigned  the 
presidency  of  Georgetown  College  and  accepted 
the  position  of  Professor  of  Matbeniatics  and  Nat- 
ural Philosophy,  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  Shortly 
after  entering  upon  his  duties,  at  his  request,  he 
was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Moral  and  Mental 
Philosophy,  a  department  of  study  usually  con- 
ducted by  presidents  of  colleges.  The  death  of  his 
father-in-law,  Capt.  Porter,  led  Prof  Bacon,  in 
1S37,  to  resign  his  pi'ofessnrship,  and  removing  to 
Salem,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Lynn,  Mass.  He  remained  (br  nearly 
three  years,  greatly  esteemed  by  the  church  and 
all  who  knew  him.  In  December,  1839,  Dr.  Bacon 
resigned  his  pastorate.  In  1843,  two  years  after 
the  resignation  of  Dr.  Chapin,  Dr.  Bacim  was 
elected  president  of  the  Columbian  College.  AV'ash- 
ingtnn.  D.  C.  Ilis  connection  with  the  college  was 
a  successful  one,  and,  as  in  all  the  positions  which 


BACON 


55 


BACOX 


he  occupied,  he  showed  himself  well  adapted  to  the 
responsible  and  arduous  duties  of  the  station. 
After  serving  as  president  for  eleven  years  he 
resigned,  and  devoted  his  energies  to  female  edu- 
cation in  Georgia,  Louisiana.  Virginia,  and  Ala- 
bama. He  accepted  an  apjiointinent  in  ISIJO  from 
the  American  and  Fornign  Bible  Society  to  dis- 
tribute Bibles  among  the  colored  people,  and  the 
amount  of  good  he  accomplished  by  way  of  counsel, 
instruction,  and  encouragement  among  the  freed- 
men  the  records  of  eternity  only  will  reveal.  It 
was  a  lowly  work  for  one  who  for  so  many  years 
had  been  a  leader  among  the  most  intellectual  of 
the  land,  but  a  work  which,  nevertheless,  he  en- 
joyed with  his  whole  heart.  In  this  work  of  two 
or  three  years  Dr.  Bacon  '  unished  his  course." 
On  Sunday,  Oct.  31,  18C'J,  Dr.  Bacon  had  the  pleas- 
ure of  baptizing  two  of  his  daughters,  then  pupils 
at  Edgewood,  a  school  at  Fluvanna,  Va.,  in  the 
Rivanna  River,  one  of  tliem  relating  her  experience 
on  the  bank  in  the  presence  of  a  large  and  weep- 
ing circle  of  spectators.  He  reached  his  home 
in  Richmond  November  3  ;  in  two  days  after  he 
■was  attacked  by  pleurisy  and  pneumonia,  and  on 
the  following  AVednesd.ay  fell  asleep  in  Christ.  Dr. 
Bacon's  mind  was  versatile  and  practical,  and  he 
was  fond  of  studying  men  and  things  as  well  as 
books.  He  was  an  acute  inquirer  ;  he  was  an  in- 
teresting and  practical  preacher,  always  command- 
ing attention  and  awakening  and  stimulating 
thought.  As  a  man,  he  was  of  pure  and  lofty  sen- 
timents, with  broad  and  generous  sympathies,  and 
with  kindly  affections. 

The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
Dr.  Bacon  in  1S4.5. 

Bacon,  Prof.  Milton  E.,  a  distinguished  edu- 
cator in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  1818  in  the  State 
of  Georgia.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Georgia  in  1838,  and  soon  after  engaged  in  teach- 
ing. In  1843  he  founded  the  '•  Southern  Female 
College"  at  Lagrange,  Ga.,  where  he  labored  about 
fourteen  years.  He  then  removed  to  Aberdeen, 
Miss.,  and  established  the  Aberdeen  Female  Col- 
lege, where  he  taught  nine  years.  He  was  very 
much  loved  by  his  pupils,  and  often  received  tlie 
highest  testimonials  of  their  esteem.  In  1879,  by 
invitation  of  the  alumni  of  Lagrange  College,  there 
Avas  a  reunion  of  I'rof.  Bacon  with  his  old  pupils 
at  Atlanta,  Ga.  This  interesting  meeting  was  at- 
tended by  hundi-eds  of  ladies  from  a  number  of 
the  surrounding  States.  Prof  Bacon  has  long 
been  an  active  and  Z(>aliiin  Bapti-t. 

Bacon,  Rev.  William,  M.D.,  was  born  at 
Greenwicli,  N.  J.,  June  30,  ISOli.  ^;arly  in  life 
he  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Soon 
afterwards  bis  thoughts  were  turned  towards  the 
ministry,  and.  encouraged  by  his  friends,  he  entered 
upon  a  course  of  collegiate  study  at  the  University 


of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  at  the  age  of 
twenty.  About  this  time,  having  begun  to  question 
the  reality  of  his  conversipn,  and  consequently  his 
call  to  the  ministry,  he  studied  medicine,  and  com- 
menced practice  at  Allowaystown,  Salem  Co.,  N.  J. 
Here  he  was  brought  under  the  ministry  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Sheppard,  the  loved  and  revered  pastor  of 
the  ehurch  at  Salem,  through  whose  intelligent  and 
faithful  counsels  he  was  brought  into  the  liberty  of 
the  children  of  God,  and  by  whom  be  was  baptized. 
The  desire  to  preach  the  gospel  was  now  kindled 
anew  in  his  heart.  Ordained  as  an  evangelist,  he 
went  everywhere  preaching  the  AV^ord,  the  Lord 
working  with  him  and  crowning  his  labors  with 
great  success.  In  1830  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Pittsgrove,  in  1833  of  the  church  at 
Woodstown,  and  in  1838  of  the  church  at  Dividing 
Creek.  In  all  these  churches  he  served  faithfully 
and  well  his  Lord  and  the  souls  of  the  people.  His 
pastorate  at  the  latter  place  lasted  eleven  years,  and 
appears  to  have  been  one  of  unusual  prosperity. 
Weighed  down  by  these  years  of  toil,  and  hindered 
by  domestic  cares  and  afflictions  from  giving  him- 
self wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  he  retired 
from  pastoral  duties  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
medicine,  in  which  he  continued  till  bis  death.  He 
was  held  in  much  esteem  by  the  public,  and  at  the 
earnest  request  of  the  people  of  the  district  in  which 
he  lived  he  served  them  two  successive  terms  in  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  commanding,  by  his  in- 
telligence, integrity,  and  moral  worth,  the  respect 
of  every  member  of  the  House.  At  the  age  of 
sixty-six,  after  a  brief  sickness,  he  fell  asleep  in 
•Jesus,  at  Newport,  N.  J. 

Bacon,  Winchell  D.,  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  was 
born  at  Stillwater,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  father 
was  a  farmer.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Lydia  Barber  Daisley.  He  remained  on  his  father's 
farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  then  went  to 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  served  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  for 
two  years.  In  1837  he  accompanied  his  father's 
family  to  Butternuts,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  his 
father  had  purchased  land,  and  here  he  again  en- 
gaged in  farming.  In  September,  1841,  he  started 
with  his  wife  for  the  West,  and  .settled  in  Prairie- 
ville,  now  Waukesha.  Hei-e  he  bought  a  farm,  and 
engaged  in  the  occupation  for  which  he  was  trained. 
In  connection  with  his  farming  he  entered  exten- 
sively into  business  pursuits  in  Waukesha,  in 
which  he  was  pre-eminently  successful.  In  1863, 
Mr.  Bacon  was  appointed  paymaster  in  the  army, 
an<l  served  in  that  capacity  for  some  time.  In  1865 
he,  with  other  citizens,  organized  the  Farmers'  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Waukesha,  and  he  was  elected  pres- 
ident. In  1853  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  of  the  Peaf  and  Dumb 
Institute,  and  of  the  University  of  Chicago. 


BAG  BY 


56 


BAILEY 


In  early  life  Mr.  B.ioon  inaile  a  profession  of  re- 
ligion and  united  with  the  Ba|)tist  Church.  lie  is 
decided  in  his  religious  convictions  and  denomina- 
tional preferences.  Mr.  Bacon  in  some  commu- 
nities would  be  called  a  radical  man.  He  certainly 
has  the  courage  of  his  convictions,  and  is  outspoken 
on  all  sulijects  that  relate  to  the  reformation  of  so- 
liety  and  the  State.  He  is  the  fearless  enemy  of 
all  oppression  and  wrong.  lie  has  a  wife  and  three 
children  living.  Joshua,  his  only  son,  is  one  of  the 
rising  physicians  of  the  county  and  State.  1 

Bagby,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  bom  June  15,  1S2S,  I 
at  Stevensville,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  A'a.,  and  is 
a  son  of  John  Bagby,  who  is  still  living,  ami  in 
his  eighty -seventh  year.  Two  brothers  also  entered 
the  ministry,  Rev.  Prof  G.  F.  Bagby,  of  Bethel 
College,  Ky.,  and  Rev.  R.  II.  Bagby,  D.D.,  who 
died  in  1870.  lie  was  educated  mainly  at  Stevens- 
ville Academy  and  at  the  Columbian  College,  where 
he  graduated  in  1847.  In  1850  he  entered  Prince- 
tm  Theological  Seminary.  X.  J.,  but  owing  to  the 
failure  of  his  health  he  was  obliged  to  leave  in 
1851.  lie  spent  two  years  in  teaching  in  New 
Kent  Co.,  Vii.,  iind  wa.s  principal  of  the  Stevens- 
ville Academy  from  185G  to  1859.  Mr.  Bagby  has 
been  pastor  of  churches  at  IIicksf)rd  and  at  Mount 
Olivet,  Va.  In  1855  he  took  charge  of  the  church 
at  Mattapony,  where  he  has  been  the  honored  and 
successful  pastor  for  twenty-three  years.  lie  also 
started  an  interest  at  West  Point,  Va.,  where  he  is 
now  laboring  in  conjunction  with  Mattapony.  The 
latter  church  has  been  greatly  blessed  under  Mr. 
Bagby's  ministry  in  the  development  of  the  gifts 
of  its  members,  among  whom  it  has  sent  forth  Rev. 
R.  II.  Bagby,  D.D.,  pastor  of  Bruington  church, 
Va. ;  Rev.  John  Pollard,  D.D.,  pastor  of  Lee  Street 
church,  Baltimore:  Rev.  W.  B.  Todd,  Virginia; 
and  Rev.  W.  T.  Hundley,  Edgefield,  S.  C.  The 
meeting-house  at  Mattapony  was  built  in  ccdonial 
times  by  the  government  for  the  Established 
Church.  The  adjacent  grounds  are  crowded  by 
graves  and  monuments  of  the  dead,  not  a  few  of 
which  antedate  the  Revolution  for  years.  The  re- 
mains of  George  Braxton,  the  father  of  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  repose 
here  under  a  |>lain  marble  slab. 

Bagby,  Richard  Hugh,  D.D.,  the  son  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  B.agby,  was  born  at  Stevensville, 
Va.,  .June  16,  18"2U.  He  was  converted  while  a 
student  at  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary,  now 
Richmond  College,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Bruington  Baptist  church  in  his  native  county  of 
King  and  Queen.  Of  his  conversion  he  writes,  "  I 
entered  the  seminary  at  Richmond,  and  nothing 
important  happened,  except  that  from  my  entrance 
my  religious  impressions  increased,  and  my  views 
of  the  p.ardon  of  sin  through  Christ  grew  brighter 
and  clearer,  until  my  distress  on  account  of  my 


sins  was  so  great  that  I  gave  up  all  as  lost.  But 
one  morning  while  at  worship  in  the  chapel,  and 
in  the  act  of  praying.  I  determined  to  give  myself 
to  God,  to  work  for  him  while  life  lasted,  and  to 
trust  my  salvation  in  his  hands  through  the  riches 
of  his  grace  in  Christ  .Jesus.  I  at  once  felt  relief.'' 
He  graduated  at  the  Columbian  College  in  1839, 
after  which  he  studied  law.  Having  determined, 
however,  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministi-y,  he  re- 
linquished the  practice  of  his  profession  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1841  by  the  Mattapony 
church,  and  in  1842  onlained.  He  was  immedi- 
ately called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Bruington 
church,  into  whose  fellowship  he  hail  been  bap- 
tized eight  years  liefore.  In  this  field  he  remained 
twenty-eight  years,  a  laborious  and  eminently  suc- 
cessful pastor,  baptizing  large  numbers,  and  en- 
cour.iging  the  membership  in  every  good  work. 
After  this  long  and  fruitful  p,astorate  with  the 
Bruington  church,  he  accepted,  in  1870,  the  ap- 
pointment of  associate  secretary  of  State  Missions 
in  A'irginia.  He  was  for  several  consecutive  .ses- 
sions president  of  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  the  State,  and  served  with  great  efficiency.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 
Columbian  College  in  1809.  lie  died  Oct.  29,  1870, 
from  the  effects  of  an  illness  brought  on  by  ex- 
hausting labors  in  assisting  in  protracted  meetings. 
He  sleeps  in  the  burial-ground  of  the  church  at 
Bruington,  which  he  loved  so  earnestly  and  served 
so  well,  and  the  people  of  his  charge  have  erected 
over  his  remains  a  neat  marble  monument.  Dr. 
Bagby  stood  among  the  foremost  of  the  Virginia 
ministry  of  his  day.  Some  surpassed  him  in  learn- 
ing .and  in  the  graces  of  style ;  but  for  clearness 
and  force,  for  directness,  earnestness,  and  effective- 
ness of  thought  and  manner,  he  was  rarely  ex- 
celled. As  a  pastor  he  had  but  few  peers.  His 
labors  were  largely  and  efjually  blessed  in  turning 
souls  to  God  and  in  training  them  for  usefulness 
in  the  service  of  truth  and  holiness. 

Bailey,  Rev,  Alvin,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Illinois,  was  born  at 
Westminster,  Vt,,  Dec,  9,  1802,  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Coventry.  lie  studied  for  the  ministry  at  Ham- 
ilton, graduating  in  1831.  In  the  same  year,  in 
company  with  his  classmate,  Gardner  Bartlett, 
afterwards  associated  with  him  in  Western  labor, 
he  was  ordained  at  Coventry,  Vt,  Removing  soon 
after  to  Illinois  with  his  wife,  a  sister  of  Dr,  George 
B.  Ide,  he  opened  a  school  at  Upper  Alton,  which 
may  perhaps  be  regarded  as  a  first  step  towards 
the  foundation  of  the  college  now  there.  He  at 
the  same  time  served  the  church  in  Alton  City  as 
its  pastor.  Removing  in  due  time  to  Carrollton, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  there.  Here  his 
wife  died,  and  he  m.irried  the  widow  of  Rev,  Allen 


BAILEY 


57 


BAILEY 


B.  Freeman,  of  whose  early  death  in  Chicago  men- 
tion is  made  elsewhere.  Besides  at  Carrollton,  he 
was  pastor  at  Winchester  and  Jacksonville,  pub- 
lishing at  the  latter  place  the  Voire  of  Tnilh,  and 
afterwards  the  Western  filar.  In  1.S47  he  returned 
to  New  York,  and  until  1853  served  churches  at 
East  Lansing  and  Belfast  in  that  State.  In  the 
last-named  year  he  accepted  a  recall  to  Carrollton, 
111.,  hut  in  IS.w  returned  to  New  York,  and  after 
ii  six-years'  pastorate  at  McGrawville  and  one  at 
Uryilen,  he  died  of  typhoid  pneumonia,  at  £)tna, 
Tompkins  Co.,  May  9,  1807.  '"  Alvin  Bailey,"  says 
Dr.  J.  D.  Cole,  "  was  one  of  the  best  ministers  that 
ever  laboicd  in  the  Prairie  State." 

Bailey,  Rev.  C.  T.,  the  editor  of  the  Hihlkal  Re- 
corder, the  oriran  of  the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina, 


REV.  C.  T.  BAILEV. 

was  born  in  Williamsburg,  Va.,  Oct.  24,  lS,3.i.  He 
was  the  last  candidate  ever  baptized  by  Scuvant 
Jones  ;  was  educated  at  William  and  Mary  College, 
and  at  Richmond  College  ;  was  ordained  in  18.i8, 
Kevs.  W.  M.  Young.  AYilliam  Martin,  and  W.  A. 
Crandall  forming  the  presbytery,  at  Williamsburg  ; 
went  into  the  army  as  a  private  in  ISCil,  but  did 
not  remain  in  the  service  long  ;  preached  to  several 
country  churches  in  Surrey  Co.,  Va. ;  came  to  North 
Carolina  in  October,  186.5,  and  became  master  of 
the  Keynoldson  Academy  in  Gates  County  ;  removed 
to  Edcnton  in  1868,  where  he  rcmain4'd  as  pastor 
till  1S71,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Warrenton 
church.  In  187.5  he  became  proprietor  of  the  7fi7<- 
liral  Hecoriler,  which  hi!  has  since  conducted  with 
distinguished  ability  and  success. 


Bailey,  Gilbert  Stephen,  D.D.,  son  i.f  George 
A.  Baik'V,  was  b  >rn  in  Abington,  Pa.,  Oct.  17. 
1822.  Wliilc  a  student  in  Oberlin  College  he  \>e- 
came  a  disciple  of  Christ,  and  was  baptizeii  in  AIh 
ington,  Oct.  16,  1842.  Leaving  college  on  account 
of  illness,  he  taught  for  a  while,  and  preached  oc- 
casionally, lie  was  ordained  May  20,  1845,  at 
Abington,  and  immediately  became  pastor  in  Can- 
terbury, Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  The  next  year  he  wa< 
sent  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety to  Springfield.  111.,  and  accepted  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  church  there.  In  1849  he  removed  to 
Tremont,  Tazewell  Co..  III.,  and  labored  then- 
and  at  Pekin.  in  the  same  county,  six  years.  In 
December,  1855,  he  became  pastor  at  Metamora. 
AV'oodford  Co.,  III.,  and  continued  in  that  relation 
till  May,  1S61.  He  labored  at  Morris.  111.,  from 
May,  1861,  till  December,  1863,  when  he  became 
superintendent  of  missions  for  the  Baptist  General 
Association  of  Illinois.  His  work  in  this  office 
wa-s  of  great  value,  and  was,  to  say  the  least,  cf  n- 
teujporaneous  with  a  reuuirkable  growth  of  Baptist 
churches  in  Illinois.  From  October,  1867.  to  July, 
1875,  he  was  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Theological 
Union,  which  was  formed  to  establish  and  endow 
the  theological  seminary  now  located  at  Morgmi 
Park.  For  these  years  his  work  was  laborious  and 
self-sacrificing,  but  eminently  successful.  From 
Aug.  1.  1S75,  to  April    1.   1878,  he  ministered  to 

1  the  church  at  Pittston,  Pa.,  and  since  the  latter 
date  has  been  pastor  at  Niles,  Mich.,  where  a  new 

I  house  of  worship  has  meanwhile  been  built.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  following  works,  viz.  :  '•  Hi-'- 
tory  of  the  Illinois  River  Baptist  Association," 
"The  Caverns  of  Kentucky."  "Manual  of  Bajv 
tism,"  "The  Trials  and  Victories  of  Religious 
Liberty  in  America,  "  and  five  tracts.  Dr.  Bailey 
first  proposed  and  inaugurated  a  ministers'  insti- 
tute in  1864,  and  his  suggestion  has  been  widely 
accepted. 

Bailey,  Rev.  John,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  (f  Kentucky,  and  one  of  the  first  pulpit 
orators  of  the  AVest  in  his  day.  was  born  in  North- 
umberland Co.,  Va.,  1748.  He  united  with  a  Bajv 
tist  church  in  his  youth,  and  began  to  exhort  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  in  early  manhood.  He  moved  from  his 
birthplace  to  Pittsylvania,  where  he  gained  con- 
siderable reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator.  In  1784 
he  moved  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  what  is  now 
Lincoln  County.  Here  he  gathered  Rush  Branch 
church,  and  became  its  pastor  in  1785.  In  the 
course  of  a  few  years  he  gathered  McCormack's 
and  Green  River  churches.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  conventiiin  that  formed  the  first  constitution  of 
Kentuckv.  in  1792.  He  was  also  a  delegate  from 
Lo"an  Countv  to  the  convention  which  formed  the 
second  constitution  of  that  State,  in  1799.     About 


BAILEY 


58 


BAILEY 


this  period  he  aclopted  tlie  doctrine  of  "  Universal 
Restoration,"  and  was  excluded  from  his  church. 
This  resulted  in  a  division  of  South  District  Asso- 
ciation. A  majority  of  the  churches  followed  the 
eloquent  Bailuy  without  a<loptin;4  his  theory.  This 
faction  were  known  by  the  name  of  "  South  Ken- 
tucky Association  of  Separate  Baptists.''  It  has 
since  become  three  Associations,  all  of  which  are 
now  weak  and  in  a  perishing  condition.  Mr.  Bailey 
labored  with  much  zeal  and  diligence  among  the 
churches  of  this  sect  to  a  good  old  age.  lie  main- 
tained a  spotless  moral  character,  and  was  very 
successful  in  buil<liMg  up  these  churches.  He  was 
regarded  by  all  who  knew  him  as  a  good  and  great 
man.  lie  died  at  his  home  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Ky., 
July  .3.  1S16. 

Bailey,  Rev.  Joseph  Albert,  bom  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  Aug.  17,  1S23 ;  baptized  in  KS.3T  by 
Rev.  .J.  Cookson,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
ehurch  in  Middletown  ;  felt  a  call  to  the  ministry  ; 
preached  first  sermon  in  1S47 ;  graduated  from 
Wesleyan  University  in  1849;  studied  theology  at 
Newton,  Mass.,  and  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  graduating 
from  the  latter  seuiinary  in  18.51  ;  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Essex,  Conn.,  Oct.  22, 
18.51,  the  sermon  by  Rev.  R.  Turnbull,  D.D. ;  la- 
bored in  Essex  four  years  with  great  favor ;  settled 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Waterbury,  Conn.,  in 
September,  1855,  where  with  remarkable  success 
he  preached  for  about  eighteen  years,  and  until  his 
health  failed;  was  for  years  secretary  of  the  Con- 
necticut Baptist  State  Convention  ;  was  school 
visitor  for  Waterbury,  and  engaged  in  temperance 
and  other  good  causes.  In  March,  1873,  for  the 
recovery  of  his  health  he  sailed  for  Europe;  went 
to  Carlsbad,  in  Baden,  for  his  health;  there  died 
May  11,  1873,  in  his  fiftieth  year.  In  him  were 
blended  force  and  sweetness ;  clear,  strong,  fervid 
preacher;  wise,  faithful  pastor;  hearty  friend;  be- 
loved by  all. 

Bailey,  Hon.  Joseph  Mead,  LL.D.— Among 

the  laymen  of  the  Baptist  deiioinination  in  this 
country  Judge  Bailey  deservedly  holds  a  conspicu- 
ous place.  While  eminently  successful  in  his 
chosen  profession,  having  achieve<l  a-s  a  jurist  a 
foremost  position,  he  is  known  in  all  circles  as  a 
man  of  fine  culture,  an  intelligent,  earnest  Chris- 
tian, always  willing  to  be  known  as  such,  and  as  a 
steadfiist  Baptist.  He  was  born  in  Middleburv, 
AVyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  22,  1833,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  that  j)lace  in  1847.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  the  AVyoming  .Vcademy, 
entering  the  University  of  Rochester  .is  Sophomore 
in  1851,  and  graduating  in  1854.  As  a  student  he 
was  known  rather  for  his  quiet  diligence  than  for 
brilliance  in  the  various  college  exercises,  ranking, 
however,  as  a  scholar  with  the  best.  He  studied 
law  at   Rochester,  and  in   1856  entered   upon  the 


practice  of  his  profession  at  Frceport,  111.  His 
success  was  immediate  and  marked.  In  18G7  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature, 
and  re-elected  in  1869.  In  1870  he  was  one  of  the 
Presidential  electors  for  the  State  of  Illinois.  In 
1S77  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  Thirteenth  Judi- 
cial Circuit ;  in  1S78  judge  of  the  First  District  of 
the  Illinois  Appellate  Court,  and  in  1879  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  same  court.  His  official  duties  are  dis- 
charged at  Chicago,  though  his  residence  remains 
at  Freeport.  His  known  interest  in  the  cau.se  of 
higher  education  led  to  his  election  in  1878  as  trus- 
tee of  the  University  of  Chicago,  in  which  board 
he  now  also  holds  the  office  of  vice-president.  In 
1879  he  received  from  the  universities  of  Rochester 
and  Chicago  the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  his  own  place 
of  residence,  as  well  as  throughout  the  State,  Judge 
Bailey  is  held  in  great  respect,  and  in  the  church 
of  his  membership  is  a  valued  counselor  and  co- 
lalioriT.  while  always  ready  with  liberal  donations. 
Bailey,  Rev.  Napoleon  A.,  was  born  in  Law- 
rence Co.,  Ala.,  Sept.  5,  1833.  His  mother  was 
from  Mary'and,  and  his  father  w.as  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. Ill  July,  18.50,  he  was  baptized  and  united 
with  the  Liberty  Baptist  church,  in  his  native 
countv.  In  1853  he  was  licensed,  and  in  Septem- 
ber. 18.')4.  he  entered  Union  University,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Tenn.,  where,  for  three  years.he  diligently 
pursued  his  studies,  graduating  in  July,  1869.  He 
was  regularly  set  apart  to  the  gospel  ministry  by 
ordination  in  November,  18.57.  On  the  1st  of  Jan- 
uary, 18.58,  he  took  charge  of  Liberty  church,  into 
whose  fellowship  he  w.%s  baptized,  and  soon  after 
moved  to  Florida,  on  account  of  a  severe  cough 
which  he  contracted  while  preaching  in  a  revival 
meeting.  His  health  being  restored  by  the  balmy 
climate  of  Florida,  he  removed  to  Georgia,  where 
for  a  number  of  years  he  preached  to  several 
churches  while  acting  as  president  of  the  Houston 
Female  College.  He  served  afterwards  the  churches 
at  Milledgevilleand  Dalton,  and  then  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  remained  a  year  and  a  half.  He 
then  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  subsequently 
removed  to  Georgi.i,  in  which  State  he  now  resides, 
at  Quitman.  For  six  years  Mr.  Bailey  has  filled 
the  position  of  assistant  secretary  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention.  He  is  a  faithful  and  zealous 
pastor,  an  able  preacher,  clinging  tenaciously  to 
the  cardinal  principles  of  the  denomination.  His 
conscientious  piety  and  hearty  co-operation  in  all 
the  leading  enterprises  of  the  denomination  are 
universallv  recognized,  and  it  has  ))een  said  of  him 
that  he  is  one  of  tho.se  few  "  to  whom  giving  seems 
to  be  a  real  luxury."  Candor,  sincerity,  and  a  firm 
adherence  to  his  convictions  of  right  are  prominent 
tr.iits  in  his  character,  while  gentleness  ami  self- 
sacrifice  are  in  him  happily  blended  with  fortitude 
and  courage. 


BAILEY 


59 


BAILEY 


Bailey,  Rosa  Adams,  second  wife  of  Dr.  Silas 
B:iilev.  was  born  in  Sliulliyville,  Ind.,  May  3,  1843. 
Her  father  was  related  to  the  family  of  John  Quincy 
Adams.  She  showed  an  earnest  love  for  study. 
She  entered  the  Indianapolis  Baptist  Female  Insti- 
tute. While  a  student  there  she  was  converted  and 
joined  the  First  Baptist  church.  After  p-aduation 
she  became  a  teacher  in  the  institute,  and  was  one 
of  the  most  efficient.  Mrs.  Ingalls  came  with  a 
call  for  help  in  Burmah.  Mrs.  Bailey  went  with 
her  as  a  missionary  to  Ilcnthada.  After  several 
years  of  lalior,  failing  health  oblij;ed  her  to  come 
home.  While  at  home  she  was  married  to  Dr. 
Bailey,  hut  still  longed  to  return  to  Burmah.  In 
1873  they  sailed  for  France.  After  the  doctors 
death  she  came  back  to  this  country,  preparatory 
to  a  return  to  Burmah.  She  resumed  her  work 
there  with  great  zeal,  but  was  attacked  with  cholera, 
and  died  at  Zeegong,  July  -f>,  I87S. 

Mrs.  Bailey  was  a  lady  of  rare  talents,  of  win- 
ning graces,  of  great  piety,  and  of  extensi\'e  use- 
fulness. She  was  in  Philadelphia  for  a  short  time 
prior  to  her  last  departure  for  Burmah,  and  gained 
the  affections  of  hundreds  of  ladies  for  herself  and 
her  distant  mission. 

Bailey.  Silas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Ster- 
ling. Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  June  12, 1809.  In  1828 
he  went  to  Amherst,  Mass.,  to  pursue  a  course 
of  study  to  fit  him  for  college.  Having  finished  his 
preparations,  he  heard  an  address  of  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland  that  led  him  to  enter  Brown  University. 
He  was  always  an  admirer  of  President  Wayland, 
and  the  president  has  often  expressed  his  regard  for 
the  ability  of  hispupil. 

During  a  great  revival  in  the  university  he  was 
born  again.  In  the  language  of  Dr.  -J.  G.  Warren, 
his  college-mate,  '"  The  work  of  regeneration  was 
done  throughout  his  whole  being;  done  for  all  time 
and  for  all  eternity."  In  1834  he  became  principal 
of  the  Worcester  Academy,  Mass.,  and  was  very 
successful  in  conducting  its  operations.  In  1839 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Thompson, 
Conn.  In  1842  he  was  appointed  agent  for  the 
Missionary  Union  for  the  State  of  New  York.  In 
1845  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  West- 
borough,  Mass.,  and  in  1847  was  called  to  the  presi- 
dency of  Granville  College,  0.  He  labored  here 
several  years,  cheerfully  and  effectively.  He  left 
his  impress  upon  many  a  young  man  by  the  labors 
of  both  class-room  and  pulpit :  for  during  a  consid- 
erable part  of  the  time  he  was  both  president  of 
the  college  and  pastor  of  the  church.  Not  to  speak 
of  others,  it  is  sufficient  to  mention  President 
Talbot,  a  prince  in  thought  and  manhood,  a  grad- 
uate under  Dr.  Bailey  during  his  presidency  at 
Granville. 

In  I8.i2  he  was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Frank- 
lin College,  Ind.,  and  he  was  soon  recognized  as  a 


leader  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State.  His  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  resign  in  1862.  In  1863 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  La  Fayette 
(Indiana)  church.  In  1866  he  was  invited  to  the 
chair  of  Theology  in  Kalamazoo  Theological  .Semi- 
nary, Mich.  He  labored  here  in  both  the  seminary 
and  college  till  debility  compelled  him  to  resign  in 


SIL.VS    B.IILEV,  D.D.,   T.I..D. 

1869.  He  then  returned  to  La  Fayette.  Here,  in 
1873,  within  two  weeks,  his  adopted  daughter,  Mrs. 
Moore,  and  his  wife  died.  After  several  months 
he  conceived  the  idea  of  visiting  the  Old  World. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Rosa  Adams,  a  l.idy  of 
great  worth,  a  returned  missionary,  and  they  took 
passage  for  France.  He  died,  after  a  short  illness, 
in  Paris  on  the  30th  of  June,  1874.  He  left  his 
library  and  a  part  of  his  estate  to  Franklin  College. 
He  was,  in  1860,  president  of  the  B  ard  of  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Union.  Several  of  his  sermons 
have  been  published. 

A  memorial  volume  of  Dr.  Bailey  was  published 
by  J.  W.  T.  Booth,  D.D..  of  La  Fayette,  Ind..  in 
1876. 

Bailey,  Rev.  Thomas  M.,  was  born  in  Grace- 
hill.  County  .Viitrim.  Inland,  Dec.  27.  1829:  at- 
tended a  Moravian  school  up  to  his  fifteenth  year, 
then  wont  into  business,  in  which  he  remained 
seven  years,  three  of  the  seven  in  the  city  of  Dub- 
lin ;  felt  a  strong  desire  of  heart  to  preach  the 
gospel  in  his  si.xteenth  year.  In  his  twenty-first 
year  he  was  appointed  by  the  Foreign  Mission 
Board  of  the  Moravian  Church  to  foreign  mission- 
arv  work  in  the  island  of  St.  Thomas,  Danish  West 


BAINBllWGK 


60 


BAKER 


Indies.  Af'ur  a  few  months'  service  there  he  wns 
prostrated  witli  yellow  fever;  becominj;  convales- 
cent, his  physician  ordered  him  to  St.  Croi.x  for  a 
change,  and  there  his  labors  as  a  missionary  were 
expended ;  in  the  foreign  field  nearly  four  years ; 


months  of  this  pastorate  Mr.  Bainhridge  made  an 
extended  foreign  tour,  embracing  parts  of  Europe, 
Egypt,  and  Palestine.  lie  decided  to  accept  a  call 
to  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  where 
the  pulpit  had  been  made  vacant  by  the  removal 


REV.    THOMAS    M.  BAILEY. 

came  to  the  Unitcil  States  in  December,  18.55  ;  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Gilgal  Baptist 
church,  in  South  Carolina,  by  Rev.  E.  F.  Whatley, 
in  the  spring  of  1856 ;  remained  in  South  Carolina 
two  years,  and  then  moved  to  Alabama ;  has  been 
a  very  useful  pastor  of  various  country  and  village 
churches  until  the  year  1874,  when  he  became  State 
evangelist  and  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Ala- 
bama Baptist  State  Mission  Board, — a  position 
which  he  still  holds  with  great  distinction  and 
with  rare  ability  and  efficiency.  lie  is  a  man  of 
all  work,  a  good  preacher,  a  fine  speaker,  with  the 
most  pleasant  social  qualities,  and  withal  a  most 
useful  man.  He  has  contributed  largely  to  the 
development  and  efficiency  of  the  Baptists  of  Ala- 
bama. 

Bainhridge,  Rev.  W.  F.,  was  born  in  Stock- 
bridge,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  15,  1843.  lie  was  baptized  by 
his  father,. Rev.  S.  M.  Bainbridge,  at  Wheatland, 
N.  Y..  March  27.  18.53,  at  the  early  age  of  ten  years. 
He  entered  Rochester  University  in  the  class  which 
graduated  in  1802.  He  then  took  the  course  of 
study  in  the  Rochester  Theological  Institution, 
and  was  ordained  in  M.ay,  1865,  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Erie,  Pa.  During  the  three 
and  a  half  years  of  his  connection  with  the  church 
in    Erie   be   baptized    237   i)ersoiis.     During   nine 


REV.   W.    F.   BAINBRIDGE. 

of  Rev.  Ilemnn  Lincoln,  D.D.,  to  the  Newton  The- 
ological Institution.  His  ministry  in  Providence 
commenced  Jan.  1,  1869.  During  ten  years  of 
service  Mr.  Bainbridge's  ministry  has  been  a  suc- 
cessful one.  He  has  received  460  new  members, 
233  of  whom  he  has  baptized.  It  is  his  purpose  to 
devote  the  coming  two  or  three  years  to  travel, 
having  in  view  especially  a  visit  to  the  missionary 
stations  of  the  ditferent  Christian  denominations  in 
various  (larts  of  the  world. 

Baker,  Rev.  A.  F.,  was  born  in  Owen  Co.,  Ky., 
April  16,  1835.  He  joined  the  Dallasburg  Baptist 
church  in  his  native  county  in  18.54,  was  ordained 
at  Ilodgcnville,  Ky.,  December,  1859,  and  called 
to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  While  here  he  established  the  Bards- 
town  Baptist  Female  Semiimry,  now  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  schools  in  the  State.  He  has  since 
been  pastor  of  several  prominent  churches  in  Ken- 
tucky. He  was  for  a  time  co-editor  of  the  Pro- 
phdic  Key,  a  monthly  magazine.  He  has  labored 
much  as  an  evangelist,  and  has  conducted  pro- 
tracted meetings  in  which  .several  hundred  persons 
have  been  approved  for  baptism.  He  is  a  strong 
preacher,  a  good  pastor,  and  a  man  of  tireless  en- 
ergy. He  is  at  present  (1880)  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Owenton,  Ky. 


BAKER 


61 


BAKER 


Baker,  Rev.  Elijah,  wiis  born  in  the  county  of 
Luneiiliur^',  Va.,  in  1742,  and  born  again  and  bap- 
tized in  1769.  In  1773,  in  conjunction  with  one  or 
two  others,  he  organized  tlie  Boar  Swamp  church 
in  Henrico  County;  lie  was  the  chief  agent  in 
forming  churches  in  James  City,  Charh^s  City,  and 
York  :  he  estalilislied  a  church  in  Glonoester,  at  a 
place  called  Guinea;  and  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of 
Virginia,  and  in  Maryland,  he  planted  the  first  ten 
churches  of  our  faith  that  worshiped  God  in  those 
parts.  He  died  Nov.  0,  1798.  Mr.  Baker  was  a 
good  man,  full  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  an<l  attended  by 
extraordinary  usefulness.  He  was  imprisoned  in 
Accomac  jail  for  a  considerable  period.  He  was 
imt  (m  board  a  vessel  as  a  disturber  of  the  peace  to 
be  carried  lieyond  the  seas,  and  he  was  to  pay  for 
liis  passage  by  performing  the  duties  of  a  seaman, 
but  the  Lord  opened  the  captain's  eyes  to  see  his 
character,  and  he  sent  liim  ashore.  lie  died  full 
of  li(ipo. 

Baker,  Rev.  J.  C,  is  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Salem,  the  capital  of  Oregon.  In  1875, 
having  been  for  years  a  faithful  pastor,  and  for 
some  time  a  very  efficient  general  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  in  the  Xorth- 
west,  he  was  a]i]iointed  to  take  charge  of  its  Pacific 
Coast  Depository,  located  at  San  Francisco.  He 
traveled  extensively,  visiting  most  of  the  churclies 
in  California,  Oregon,  and  Washington  Territory; 
moved  to  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1877  ;  became  pastor 
there;  continued  his  work  on  behalf  of  the  Publi- 
cation Society  ;  establisheil  The  Biarati,  the  Bap- 
tist paper  of  Oregon  ;  and  during  all  his  residence 
on  the  Pacific  coast  has  been  active  in  organizing 
Sunday-schools;  is  an  admirable  Sunday-school 
worker,  a  good  preacher;  earnest  in  mission  work, 
effective  in  revivals,  and  iiiBuential  in  the  councils, 
Associations,  and  conventions  of  the  denomination. 

Baker,  Rev.  John  H.,  son  of  Elisha  and  Hen- 
rietta (.Miner)  Baker,  burn  in  Stonington.  Conn., 
Sept.  26,  180.5;  a  student  and  lover  of  books; 
converted  Sept.  2fi,  1822;  united  with  tlie  Bap- 
tist church  in  Stonington  borough  ;  taught  school ; 
entered  Hamilton  Seminary;  beeame  an  evangelist; 
labored  with  marked  success  in  Eastern  Connecti- 
cut and  Western  Rhode  Island  ;  strong  against  in- 
temperance ;  blessed  witli  many  revivals;  founded 
in  1839  the  church  in  Charlestown.  R.  I. ;  strength- 
ened many  churches  by  his  evangelistic  efforts ; 
struck  down  by  paralysis  while  carrying  on  a  great 
work  on  Block  Islami.  after  he  had  baptized  98 ; 
died  in  East  (ireenwich,  H.  I.,  .lati.  ICi,  IStiy,  in  his 
sixty-fourth  year. 

Baker,  Dr.  Joseph  S.,  was  born  in  Liberty 
Co.,  Gft.,  in  1798,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  and  died 
at  Quitman  Co.,  Ga.,  in  1877.  He  was  educated  at 
Yale  anil  at  Hampden  Sidney  College,  Va.,  where 
he  ■;ra<hiated  in  IS23. 


On  leaving  college  he  returned  to  Liberty  Co., 
Ga.,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  niercliandising, 
having  inherited  considerable  property.  He  was 
then,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  near  Kiceborough,  and  placed 
himself  under  the  care  of  the  Presbytery  with  a 
view  to  entering  the  ministry  at  a  session  held  with 
the  Miilway  church  in  the  fall  of  1823.  The  Pres- 
bytery assigned  him,  as  the  subject  of  his  first  the- 
sis, "  Was  John's  Baptism  Christian  Baptism  ?" 
The  investigation  of  the  subject  by  him  led  to  his 
adoption  of  Baptist  views  a  few  years  later.  He 
removed  to  Virginia  in  1.S2.').  having  sold  all  his 
property  in  Georgia.  He  graduated  in  the  medical 
department  of  Columbian  College,  D.  C,  in  1X2S, 
and  practiced  medicine  in  Nottaway  Co.,  Va.,  until 
1831,  when  he  moved  to  Petersburg.  There  he 
united  with  the  Baptists,  was  licensed  and  ordained. 
He  preached  in  Virginia  .at  Petersburg.  Norfolk, 
and  other  places,  part  of  the  time  as  a  missionary, 
until  1839  or  1X40,  when  he  moved  to  (icorgia  and 
settled  in  Columbus.  In  1843  he  became  editor  of 
the  Christian  Index,  and  moved  to  Penfield.  where 
the  paper  was  then  published.  For  six  years  he 
occupied  the  editorial  chair  with  an  ability  so  dis- 
tinguished, and  with  a  pen  so  trenchant  and  pow- 
erful, evidencing  at  the  same  time  so  much  of  gen- 
uine piety  and  such  a  thorough  acquaintance  with 
Baptist  doctrines  and  practices,  that  he  acquired  a 
denominational  influence  that  expired  only  with 
his  life. 

He  resided  for  a  while  with  a  .son  who  was  a  law- 
yer at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  an<l  mayor  of  the  town. 
He  then  served  the  churches  at  Albany  and  Pjil- 
myra,  Ga.,  and  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  until  the  war. 
During  that  struggle  he  preached  to  the  soldiers  as 
an  evangelist.  After  the  war  he  moved  to  Quit- 
man, Oa..  where  ho  resided  until  his  de;ith.  in  1S77. 
ripening  more  and  more  to  the  last  for  the  skies. 
Dr.  Baker  was  a  man  of  great  natural  abilities. 
lie  was  a  deep  thinker,  a  perspicuous  writer,  and 
lie  did  much  to  assist  denominational  progress  in 
Georgia.  He  was  a  most  decided  Baptist.  He  had 
read  much,  was  a  fine  scholar,  and  he  was  deeply 
versed  in  the  polity  and  principles  of  all  denomi- 
nations. An  excellent  preacher,  he  was  a  man  of 
strong  faith  in  divine  providence,  and  bore  the 
severe  sulTerings  of  his  last  days  with  great  Chris- 
tian fortitude  and  resignation.  For  years  he  ex- 
erted a  strong  and  healthy  influence  among  the 
Georgia  Baptists,  and  it  was  always  employed  in 
favor  of  sound  doctrine  and  practical  godliness. 

Baker,  Samuel,  D.D.,  distinguished  for  critical 
learning  and  extensive  reading,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Sussex,  England,  Oct.  2.  1812.  He  re- 
ceived an  academic  education,  and  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  in  his  native  country.  In  1834  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Upper 


BALDWIN 


62 


BALDWIN 


Alton,  III.  Here  lip  was  licensed  to  preach,  and 
iniiiiediately  entered  SInirtliff  Collej{e  as  a  student  in 
both  the  literary  and  theological  departments,  and 
remained  three  years.  In  1837  he  was  ordained 
at  Alton,  and  soon  afterwards  took  charge  of  Cape 
Girardeau  church.  Mo.  lie  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Slielliyvillc,  Ky.,  from  1.S39  to  1S41  ;  at 
Kiisscllville,  Ky..  from  1841  to  1S46  ;  at  Ilopkins- 
ville,  Ky.,  from  1846  to  18.50;  at  the  first  church 
in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  from  1850  to  18.53.  From  this 
time  nntil  HC5  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  AVilliamsburi;,  N.  Y.  The  next  three 
years  he  was  at  the  Wabash  Avenue  church  in 
Chicago,  111.;  next  year  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Evansvillo,  Ind.  !Io  then  lifciiine  pastor 
of  the  Herkimer  Street  Baptist  cluirch  of  Bronk- 
lyn,  N.  Y.  In  1872  lie  again  located  with  the 
church  at  Kussellville,  Ky.,  where  he  still  remains. 
Dr.  Baker  is  a  close  student,  has  a  splendid  library, 
and  but  for  an  embarrassing  defect  in  his  enuncia- 
tion would  bo  one  of  the  leading  orators  in  the 
Kentucky  pulpit.  He  is  well  versed  in  ecclesiasti- 
cal history,  and  excels  as  a  writer  on  that  subject. 

Baldwin,  Rev.  Charles  Jacob,  son  of  George 
C.  Baldwin,  D.D.,  and  Cynthia  M.  Baldwin,  was 
born  at  Charleston.  N.  Y.,  Aug.  10,  1841.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  was  convcrteil,  and  joined  the 
First  church,  Troy,  N.  Y..  of  which  his  fudier  was 
pastor.  He  entered  Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  in 
18.59,  but  left  during  the  Junior  year  to  enter  the 
army,  in  which  he  served  as  adjutant  of  the  157th 
Regiment  N.  Y.  Vols.,  and  on  the  staff  of  Brig.- 
(Jen.  Potter  until  the  close  of  the  war.  While  in 
the  service  he  received  the  rank  of  major  from  the 
governor  of  tlie  State  of  New  York. 

In  1868  he  was  graduated  at  Rochester  Theologi- 
cal Seminary.  He  was  ordained  at  Chelsea,  Mass., 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  which  he 
served  from  1808  to  1872,  when  he  resigned  and 
visited  Europe.  On  his  return  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Rochester,  where  he 
now  is.  Mr.  Baldwin  is  a  good  preacher  and 
writer,  and  proves  himself  fully  equal  to  the  im- 
portant post  he  fills  ns  pastor  of  one  of  the  most 
cultivated  congregations  in  the  country. 

Baldwin,  George  C,  D.D.,  was  Ijorn  in  Pomp- 
ton,  X.  J..  Oct.  21,  IS17.  His  early  life  was  spent 
in  the  country  until  his  parents  removed  to  Pater- 
son.  Here  he  was  converted  under  the  ministry 
of  Rev.  Z.  Grcnell,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  of  which  he  was  pastor.  Almost  immedi- 
ately he  felt  a  call  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  so 
urgent  was  it  that  he  left  his  business  and  entered 
upon  a  course  of  study  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  to  fit 
himself  for  his  sacred  vocation,  where  he  graduated 
in  1844.  In  the  same  year  he  accepted  the  call  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Troy,  where  he  still 
labors. 


He  has  been  almost  equally  devoted  to  the  pulpit 
and  to  pastoral  duties.  As  a  preacher  he  follows 
the  textual  method  of  sermonizing.  His  discourses 
are  clear  and  cogent.  His  emotional  nature  is 
ardent,  his  judgment  deliberate,  and  his  practical 


GEORGE   C.  B.\l.liW  IX,    D.D. 

sense  supreme.  His  ministry  has  been  very  effec- 
tive in  winning  and  in  edifying  souls. 

He  has  a  preference  for  extended  courses  of  lec- 
tures, which  give  room  for  variety  and  continuous 
treatment.  Some  of  these  series  have  been  pub- 
lished, under  the  titles  "  Representative  Women," 
"  Representative  Men,"  and  "  The  Model  Pr.-iyer." 
These  have  reached  a  large  circulation.  His  habits 
of  study  are  regular  and  unyielding,  except  to  the 
pressure  of  an  irresistible  necessity,  so  that  his 
preparations  are  always  invested  with  freshness. 

He  has  seen  the  largest  Baptist  church  in  the 
State  except  one  grow  up  under  his  care,  and 
nearly  an  entire  generation  come  and  go  under 
his  ministry.  It  is  his  delight  to  be  at  every  meet- 
ing of  the  church,  minor  or  more  important.  A 
remarkable  flexibility  charactorizes  his  methods: 
changes  are  as  frequent  as  fluctuating  circumstances 
demand.  Nothing  is  permitted  to  grow  obsolete. 
The  young  people  are  organized  and  active.  The 
prayer-meetings  are  conducted  with  fresh  and  varied 
methods. 

His  son,  Charles  J.,  after  being  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Chelsea,  Mass.,  has  been  settled  over  the 
First  church  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  since  1874. 

Dr.  Baldwin  has  a  large  heart,  a  blameless  life, 
and  a  ministerial  record  seldom  equaled,  and  only 
at  distant  intervals,  if  ever,  surpassed. 


BALD  WIN 


63 


BALDWIN 


Baldwin,  Rev.  Moses,  was  born  in  Riclimoml 
Co.,  N.  0.,  Deo.  4,  1.S2.J  ;  was  baptized  in  October, 
1845 ;  griiduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  18.i6  ; 
was  ordained  the  same  year,  Rev.  Drs.  Harper, 
Wingate,  McDowell,  AV^alters,  Skinner,  and  Brooks 
constituting  the  presljytfry.  Mr.  Baldwin  has 
served  the  churches  of  Hillsborough,  O.xford,  ISIocks- 
ville,  and  a  number  of  country  churches,  and  lias 
taught  thirteen  years  and  aided  several  young  min- 
isters in  securing  an  education.  He  now  resides 
in  Salem. 

Baldwin,  Rev.  Norman  B.,  A.M.,  was  bom  in 
New  Milford,  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Aug.  J''.,  l.Sl24. 
Ilis  father.  Rev.  Daniel  Baldwin,  was  an  esteemed 
and  higlily  useful  Baptist  minister.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Insti- 
tution (now  Madi.son  University),  from  which  lie 
graduated  in  1S40.  In  October,  \Mft,  he  beciuiie 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Monticello,  Sullivan 
Co.,  N.  Y.  After  a  most  prosperous  settlement  he 
accepted  the  unanimous  call  of  the  Bethcsda  Bap- 
tist church,  New  York  City,  June  1,  1849,  in  which 
God  greatly  blessed  him  ;  but  disease  compelled 
him  to  leave  New  Y^ork,  and  he  accepted  the  call 
of  the  Second  Southwark  (now  Calvary)  Baptist 
church,  Phiiadelpliia,  and  entered  on  his  laliors 
Feb.  1,  18.34.  From  this  body  he  went  out  with  a 
colony  of  220  meniliers  and  organized  the  Olivet 
Baptist  church,  Oct.  7,  18.56.  They  built  the  fine 
edifice  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Sixth  and  Federal 
Streets.  Extensive  revivals,  in  which  hundreds 
wore  converted  and  immersed,  together  with  the 
other  labors  of  his  office,  so  impaired  his  health  that 
in  September,  1804,  he  closed  his  eleven  year.s' 
pastorate  in  Pliil.adelphia  and  retired  to  his  farm, 
ne.ar  Colmar,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.  As  his  health 
soon  began  to  improve  he  gave  .short  periods  of 
service  to  New  Britain  Baptist  church,  Bucks  Co., 
Bristol  church,  and  tliefiwynedd  Baptist  church. 
In  November,  ISf'ii),  he  entered  upon  his  labors  as 
pastor  of  the  Montgomery  church.  For  eleven 
years  God's  blessing  has  attended  this  uni(m.  He 
has  baptized  .500  persons  during  his  ministry. 

Baldwin,  Thomas,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
17o.>,  in  Bozr.ah,  Conn.  ,\s  in  many  similar  cases, 
it  seems  to  have  been  the  mother  who  left  the  im- 
press of  a  fine  moral  and  intellectual  character  on 
hev  son.  Early  in  life  he  developed  a  taste  for 
books.  It  is  an  indication  of  the  regard  in  which 
he  was  held  by  his  fellow-townsmen  that  when 
comparatively  a  young  man  he  was  chosen  to  rep- 
resent the  village  of  Canaan,  N.  II.,  to  which  he 
had  removed,  in  the  Legislature  of  the  State.  It 
was  his  purpose  to  fit  himself  for  the  legal  profes- 
sion, and  he  commenced  his  studies  to  prepare  to 
practice  law.  But  the  Master  had  another  work 
for  him  to  do.  In  I  ISO  he  was  brought  to  see  his 
condition  as  a  sinner,  and  to  accept  Christ  as  his 


personal  Lord  and  Redeemer.  He  felt  it  his  duty  to 
leave  the  church  in  which  he  had  been  brought  up 
and  avow  himself  a  Baptist.  This  he  did  at  the 
sacrifice  of  personal  feeling  and  the  sundering  of 
many  a  tie  which  bound  him  to  old  friends.     The 


TUOMAS     llAl.mV  1\,    II. II. 


sto])  wliicli  he  thus  took  was  soon  followeil  by  an- 
other. He  decided  to  spend  his  life  in  the  work  of 
winning  souls  to  Christ,  and  building  up  the  cause 
of  him  who  had  by  his  grace  brought  him  to  the 
saving  knowledge  of  the  truth.  In  due  time  he 
was  set  apart  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  by  ordi- 
nation as  an  evangelist,  and  for  seven  years  per- 
formed the  duties  of  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Canaan. 

The  Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  known  for 
so  many  years  by  the  honored  name  of  the  "'  Bald- 
win Place  church,"  now  the  "  Warren  Avenue 
church,"  was  destitute  of  a  pastor.  Such  was  the 
i-eputation  of  the  laborious  country  minister  of 
New  Hampshire  that  he  was  sent  for  to  preach  to 
them.  The  result  of  this  invitation  was  a  call  to 
become  their  minister,  which  was  accepted.  In 
the  year  1791  not  far  from  70  were  added  to  the 
church,  and  in  1803  commenced  another  revival, 
the  fruit  of  which  was  an  addition  to  the  church 
of  212  persons. 

The  labors  of  Dr.  Baldwin  were  not  confined  to 
th.e  ministry.  In  1803  he  took  the  editorial  charge 
of  the  Massachimetts  Baptist  Maijuziue.  and  for 
fourteen  years  conducted  that  journal  with  an 
ability  which  made  it  an  eflicient  aid  in  promoting 
the  interests  of  the  denomination.  Until  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  its  sen'or  editor,  receiving  help 


BALEN 


64 


BALL 


when  the  piessurc  of  other  duties  forced  him  to 
cease  fi'ijin  its  full  iiiaim^eiiient. 

Amid  all  the  dciiiunJs  made  on  him  in  the  vari- 
ous directions  to  wliicii  we  iiave  referred,  Dr. 
Baldwin  found  time  to  write  and  puhlish  several 
controversial  Avorks,  in  which  with  great  ability  he 
vindicated  the  peculiar  views  of  his  denomination. 
Perhaps  his  ablest  work  of  this  character  is  one 
which  he  published  in  ISID, '•  A  Series  of  Letters," 
in  which  the  distinguishinj;  sentiments  of  the  Bap- 
tists are  explained  and  vindicated,  in  answer  to  a 
late  publication  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Worcester, 
A.M.,  addressed  to  the  author,  entitled  "  Serious 
and  Candid  Letters."  The  work  took  so  high  a 
stand  that  Andrew  Fuller  declared  it  to  lie  the 
ahlest  discussion  of  the  matters  in  controversy  that 
he  had  ever  read. 

'  Dr.  Baldwin  went  to  Waterville  in  IS'lCt.  lie 
sjient  the  afternoon  of  the  '2'Jth  of  August  in  look- 
ing over  the  college  premises,  and  informing  him- 
self respecting  the  internal  workings  of  the  insti- 
tution. During  the  succeeding  night  he  uttered 
one  deep  groan  and  entered  into  rest.  It  was  for 
the  good  man  almost  a  translation.  From  such  a 
••  sudden  death"  we  have  no  occasion  to  pray 
•'Good  Lord  deliver  us." 

It  is  not  necessary  to  enumerate  the  honors  that 
were  conferred  on  Dr.  Balilwin,  or  name  the  offices 
of  trust  and  responsibility  to  which  he  was  called. 
It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the  honors  were  as  numer- 
ous as  those  which  any  other  minister  of  the  de- 
nomination has  ever  had  conferred  upon  him,  while 
the  offices  were  of  the  highest  respectability,  and 
such  as  have  been  tilled  by  our  alilest  and  worthiest 
men. 

His  publications  were  numerous.  His  contro- 
versial works  have  already  been  alluded  to,  some 
of  which  were  acknowledged  to  be  of  the  very  ablest 
character.  Dr.  Wayland  says  of  him,  "  He  retained 
to  the  last  the  entire  confiilence  of  men  of  most 
conflicting  opinions,  and  even  I'anie  off  from  the 
arena  of  theological  controversy  rich  in  the  esteem 
of  those  whom  his  argument  failed  to  convince. 
He  was  in  the  very  front  ranks  of  the  distinguished 
ministers  who  have;  adorned  their  profession  in  con- 
nection with  the  denomination  which  he  so  faith- 
fully and  for  so  nnmy  years  served."  He  uniformly, 
towards  the  close  of  life,  left  upon  every  one  the 
impression  of  old  age  in  its  loveliest  and  most  in- 
teresting aspect,  and  Christianity  in  its  mildest  and 
most  attractive  exhibition. 

Balen,  Deacon  Peter,  was  bom  in  Ilackcn- 
sack,  N.  J.,  in  1SU4.  He  was  often  in  straitened 
circumstances  in  early  life ;  but  there,  in  his 
own  home,  he  knelt  and  consecrated  himself  to 
God.  He  resolved  that  the  Lord  should  have  a 
portion  of  his  earnings  while  yet  he  was  making  a 
poor  living.     On  a  certain  occasion  when  he  was 


siM-ely  tempted  by  Satan  to  withdraw  a  subscrip- 
tion made  to  a  benevolent  oliject,  he  fought  and 
overcame.  He  prospered  in  business,  and  has  done 
an  extensive  wholesale  trade.  Churches  in  New 
York  City  and  the  benevolent  societies  have  re- 
ceived large  sums  from  him.  Years  ago  he  re- 
moved to  Plainlield,  where  he  is  exerting  a  wide 
Christian  influence.  He  has  always  been  a  Sun- 
day-school man,  and  as  superintendent  or  teacher 
has  led  many  to  Christ.  He  is  a  studious  searcher 
of  the  Scriptures,  and  has  read  the  Bible'through 
many  times. 

Ball,  Rev.  Eli,  was  born  in  Marlborough,  Vt.. 
Nov.  2,  ITSCi.  Having  removed  to  the  city  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  when  about  nineteen,  he  was  bap- 
tized there  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  ISO.").  He 
preached  his  first  sermon  in  that  city  in  December, 
1.S07,  and  was  licensed  in  the  following  July.  While 
pursuing  his  studies  under  the  Revs.  Daniel  Stan- 
ford and  Caleb  Blood,  he  preached  for  the  church  in 
Maiden,  a  few  miles  from  Boston,  for  more  than  a 
year.  Until  the  year  IS23  he  supplied  successively 
the  Baptist  churches  in  Harwich,  Mass.  ;  Wilming- 
ton and  Lansingburg,  N.  Y. ;  and  Middletown, 
Conn.  In  June,  1823,  he  visited  Virginia,  and  in 
July  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Lynchburg. 
At  the  end  of  two  years  ha  removed  to  Henrico 
County,  where  for  seven  or  eight  years  he  labored 
with  much  success,  preaching  daj'  and  night,  con- 
ducting Bible-classes,  and  instituting  prayer-meet- 
ings, 80  that  many  were  hopefully  converted  and 
added  to  the  churches  through  his  instrumentality. 
Besides  his  regular  pastoral  labors,  a  large  amount 
of  pulpit  lab  ir  was  bestowed  ujion  other  churches 
of  the  State  at  protracted  mi!etings,  ordinations, 
etc.  As  an  agent,  too,  Mr.  Ball  was  greatly  suc- 
cessful, in  which  capacity  he  served  the  Bible  So- 
ciety of  Virginia,  the  Baptist  General  Association, 
and  especially  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  in  the  State  of  Geor- 
gia. For  a  short  time  he  was  also  a  professor  in 
the  Baptist  seminary  (Kichmond  College),  and  also 
editor  of  the  IteUyinus  Herald.  He  served  as 
.agent  for  the  Columbian  College,  and  during  two 
visits  to  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  secured  $5000. 
His  laliors  in  behalf  of  temperance  were  also  re- 
markably successful.  His  deep  interest  in  the  for- 
eign mission  cause  led  him  in  1828  to  make  a  visit  to 
the  coast  of  Africa,  to  examine  the  condition  of  the 
Liberian  Mission,  during  which  visit  he  gathered 
a  mass  of  information  with  respect  to  the  work 
there,  which  was  of  great  service  to  the  board. 
After  prosecuting  his  agency  for  a  year  after  his 
return,  he  was  preparing  to  visit  Africa  a  second 
time,  when  he  was  attacked  by  di.sease,  and  died 
in  Richmond,  July  21,  1853.  Few  men  have  been 
more  diligent  and  active  in  Christian  labors  than 
Mr.   Ball.      These   were  crowned   with    abundant 


BALL 


c.-) 


BANES 


success;  up  to  1S49  he  had  Imptized  014  persotiK, 
and  had  been  the  means,  doubtless,  of  the  conver- 
sion of  very  many  more.  His  loss  was  keenly 
mourned  and  deeply  felt.  "  Doubtless,"  says  his 
l}io;rraplier,  '"  Eli  Ball  will  lonjr  be  remembered  by 
Viri^inia  Baptists  as  one  of  their  soiiiid(!st,  best, 
and  most  useful  proclaiuiers  of  the  <;lorious  j^ospel." 

Ball,  Rev.  Lewis,  an  active  and  efficient  minis- 
ter in  Northwestern  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  in  1820,  came  to  Mississippi  and  began  to 
preach  in  1844.  His  abundant  labors  have  greatly 
advanced  the  cause  of  truth.  By  his  labors  the 
Sntifiower  Association  was  establisbod.  He  wf.,s  a 
colonel  in  the  Confederate  army. 

Ball,  Rev.  Martin,  an  early  Baptist  preacher 
in  North  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1809.  He  came  to  Mississippi  as  a  preacher  in 
184.5,  and  until  the  time  of  his  death,  1X59,  ex- 
erted a  wide  inllnence  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State.  He  was  successful  as  an  evangelist,  as  a 
presiding  officer,  and  espocMally  as  a  peace-maker. 

Baltimore,  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  Church  of. 

— The  edifice  of  this  church  was  completed  I'arly 
in  1871.  The  material  is  whiter  marble.  It  is  75 
feet  wide  and  100  feet  deep.  The  spire  is  190  feet 
high.  The  house  and  lot,  counting  the  cash  value 
of  the  site,  which  was  donateil,  cost  $122,000.  The 
structure  was  reared  for  a  colony  brought  by  the 
late  Dr.  Richard  Fuller  fmni  the  Seventh  Baptist 
church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  till  his  death.  The 
church  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  commodious 
in  liiiltiiiKirc. 

Bampfield,  Rev.  Francis,  M.A.  —  Francis 
Bampfield  descended  from  a  distinguished  family 
in  Devonshire,  England.  He  was  born  in  1615. 
In  his  sixteenth  year  he  became  a  student  of  Wad- 
ham  College,  Oxford.  He  was  at  the  university 
aliout  seven  years,  and  left  it  with  talents  and  cul- 
ture of  a  high  order.  lie  was  ordained  deacon  and 
presbyter  by  Bisho|is  Hall  and  Skinner.  His  first 
settlement  was  in  a  parish  in  Dorsetshire,  where 
he  spent  his  entire  income  from  the  church  in 
Bibles  and  religious  books  for  the  poor,  and  in 
providing  work  for  them,  and  in  giving  alms  to 
those  who  could  not  labor.  He  removed  to  Sher- 
borne, in  the  same  county,  to  become  the  parish 
minister,  after  a  short  stay  with  his  first  charge, 
and  he  remained  at  Sherborne  till  ejected,  in  ir>fi2, 
by  the  act  of  uniformity.  Before  he  removed  to 
Sherborne  he  became  a  Puritan,  and  he  grew  in 
knowledge  till  he  became  a  Baptist.  For  some 
time  after  he  became  an  advocate  of  an  extensive 
reformation  ii\  the  church;  he  still  continued,  to 
the  great  astonishment  of  all  his  religious  friends, 
an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  Charles  I.  and 
a  decided  enemy  of  the  Parliament;  he  even  hesi- 
tated for  a  time  to  pay  taxes  levied  by  the  legis- 
lature.    In  process  of  time  his  opinions  changed. 


for  wo  find  him  among  the  Triers  ap|>ointed  by 
Cromwell  to  secure  pious  ministers  for  the  church 
and  the  removal  of  unworthy  men  from  it.  His 
family,  too,  seem  to  have  changed  their  political 
course,  for  his  brother,  Thomas  Bampfield,  Esq.. 
was  the  speaker  of  one  of  Oliver  Cromwell's  Par- 
liaments. 

Francis  Bampfield  was,  above- all  things,  a  living 
servant  of  Jesus ;  the  frowns  and  smiles  of  men 
were  vainly  used  to  turn  him  from  his  Master. 
Worldly  losses  and  bodily  sufferings  appeared  to 
him  as  trifles  compared  to  the  supreme  felicity  of 
a  conscience  void  of  offense  before  (iod. 

After  he  resigned  his  living  he  began  preaching 
in  his  own  house  at  Sherborne,  and  not  quite  a 
month  after  the  Act  of  Uniformity  went  into  o[ier- 
ation,  while  he  was  holding  a  religious  service,  he 
and  twenty-six  others  of  those  who  were  present 
were  carried  to  prison,  where  they  were  kept  in 
one  room  with  but  a  single  bed.  They  were,  how- 
ever, soon  released  (m  bail.  Not  long  after  he  was 
again  put  in  jail  in  Dorchester,  and  kept  there  for 
nine  years.  In  this  pi-ison  he  preached  almost 
daily,  and  was  enabled  to  gather  a  church  within 
its  walls. 

He  founded  a  church  in  Pinner's  Hall,  in  Lon- 
don, on  the  5th  of  March,  1<p75,  to  which  he 
preached  as  often  as  he  was  out  of  jail  during  sea- 
sons of  worship  till  he  died.  He  departed  for  the 
eternal  rest  from  the  prison  of  Newgate,  Feb.  10, 
168.3.  He  died  at  last  from  the  injury  inflicted  on 
his  health  by  his  prolonged  imprisonments. 

Mr.  Bampfield  was  a  scholarly  man,  and  "one 
of  the  most  celebrated  preachers  in  the  west  of 
England."  He  was  a  gianf  in  defense  of  the  truth, 
and  a  devout  man  full  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  He 
belonged  tn  the  Seventh-Day  Baptists. 

Bancroft,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  bom  in  1789  in 
Annapolis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  coiwerted 
when  young,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Thomas  Ains- 
lie.  He  was  ordained  in  1828,  at  Westport,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  removed  to  New  Brunswick  in  1831, 
where  his  pastoral  and  missionary  labors  were  very 
successful.  Ilis  life  was  a  ministry  of  goodness. 
He  died  Jan.  1,  1876. 

Banes,  Col.  Charles  H.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Oct.  24,  1S31.  His  education  was  liberal, 
and  his  thirst  for  knowledge  has  led  to  the  acquisition 
of  a  valuable  library,  and  of  an  extensive  amount 
of  information  upon  all  questions  that  interest 
Christians  and  men  of  culture.  He  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the  commencement 
of  the  late  war,  when  he  gave  up  the  prospects  of 
financial  success  for  the  perils  of  the  battle-field  and 
the  protection  of  our  national  flag.  He  entered 
the  service  as  a  captain  of  infantry  in  August, 
1861.  At  Fredericksburg,  in  December,  1862,  he 
was    promoted   to   be    assistant    adjutant-general. 


ELTAW    PLACE    BAPTIST    (HrRl'll,   UAI.TIMURE. 


BANES 


07 


BANVARD 


He  Was  brevetted  major,  July,  1K03,  "  for  valiant 
and  meritorious  services'  at  Gettyslmrf.'.  In  May, 
IS(i4,  lie  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  the 
same  reasons.  At  dild  Harbor,  in  June,  IStU.  be 
received  a  painful  ami  dangerous  wound,  wbich 
confined  him  to  a  couch  of  helplessness  and  suffer- 
ing for  months,  and  from  the  effects  of  which  he 
can  never  recover.  Ilis  last  battle  compelled  his 
retirement  from  the  army,  in  which  his  skill  and 
bravery  had  l>eeii  so  conspicuously  exhibited. 

Aa  soon  as  returnini;  streni:th  permitted  he  en- 
tered business  once  more  ;  and  now   the  firm  of 


COL.  CHARLES    H.  BANES. 

which  he  is  a  prominent  and  active  member  owns 
one  of  the  most  extensive  and  prosperous  manu- 
facturing establishments  in  their  branch  of  industry 
in  the  United  States. 

Col.  Banes  wrote  a  history  of  the  Philadelphia 
Brigade,  for  which  his  scholarly  tastes,  e.xact  in- 
formation, and  personal  experiences  gave  him  emi- 
nent qualifications.  The  work  has  been  deservedly 
and  highly  commended,  and  has  taken  a  creditable 
place  in  the  literature  of  our  Great  Struggle. 

Col.  Banes  is  an  untiring  worker  in  various  .sci- 
entific, benevolent,  and  religions  organizations, 
and  though  the  last  man  to  seek  prominence  in 
anything,  his  friends  will  push  him  forward  as 
trustee  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  president  of  the 
Baptist  Social  Union,  of  tin'  Baptist  City  .Mission, 
and  of  other  kindred  enterprises.  At  the  last  Con- 
gressional election  in  his  district  his  political  and 
other  friends  placed  him  before  the  people  as  a 
candidate  for  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 


his  popular  name  secured  some  twelve  hundred 
more  votes  than  his  pi-edecessor  in  a  similar  strug- 
gle obtained  two  years  before. 

The  generous  gifts  of  Col.  Banes  have  alrea<ly 
removed  heavy  church  debts  and  gladdened  labor- 
ers in  other  benevolent  fields. 

Courteous,  cultured,  and  Christian,  his  brethren 
love  him,  and  wish  that  his  spirit  might  seize  every 
Baptist  in  America. 

Banvard,  Joseph,  D.L.,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  May  'J,  181(1.  On  his  fathers  side 
he  was  descended  from  the  French  Huguenots,  and 
on   his   mother's   from   the  early  settlers  of   New 


JOSEPH    BASVARI),  D.D. 

England.  His  parents  being  members  of  the  Mora- 
vian Church  he  was  brought  up  under  its  influence. 
He  was  converted  through  the  instrumentality  of 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  0.  Sommers,  and  united 
with  the  church  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  in 
New  York.  He  received  his  preparatory  education 
at  the  South  Reading  Academy,  and  then  pursued 
the  full  course  of  study  at  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution.  He  graduated  from  Newton  in  the 
class  of  18.3."),  and  a  few  days  after  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Second,  now  the  Central  Baptist, 
church  in  Salem,  Mass.  ^Vliile  conscientiously 
performing  his  ministerial  duties  Dr.  Banvard  has 
found  time  to  gratify  his  love  for  history  and  the 
natural  sciences.  He  has  been  honored  on  account 
of  his  attainments  in  the  departments  referred  to 
bv  having  been  chosen  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  of  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Wisconsin.  He  was  at  one  time 
vice-president  of  the  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  Natural 


BAPTISM 


68 


BAFTiUM 


History   Suciety,  ami   president  of  the  Historical 
Society  nf  Pa-ssaic  Co.,  N.  J. 

The  pastorates  of  Dr.  Baiivard  have  been  as  fol- 
lows. He  remained  in  Salem  eleven  years,  1835- 
46,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  Harvard  Street 
church  in  Boston,  where  he  continued  five  years, 
1846-51.  He  then  hecanie  pa.stor  of  tlie  church  in 
West  Cambridge,  where,  during  his  mini.«try,  a 
new  and  attractive  house  of  worship  was  built. 
He  w:is  pastor  of  this  church  two  years,  1851-53, 
and  then  took  up  his  residence  in  New  York  as 
pastor  of  the  Cannon  Street  church.  Here  he  re- 
mained three  years,  18.i3-56,  and  then  returned  to 
New  England  to  take  charge  of  tlie  First  Baptist 
church  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  This  position  he  held 
for  five  years,  1856-61,  and  then  went  to  Worcester, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  of  the  Main  Street 
church  five  years,  1861-66.  He  was  then  chosen 
president  of  the  National  Theologic.il  Institute, 
District  of  Columbia,  for  the  education  of  colored 
teachers  and  preachers.  When  this  work  was  as- 
gumeil  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety he  resigned,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  where  he  remained  ten  years,  1866-76.  Re- 
signing his  pastorate  in  Puterson  he  returned  once 
more  to  New  England,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Neponset,  Mass.  Dr.  Banvard  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Columbian  Col- 
lege, Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  ShurtleCF  College,  Upper  Alton, 
III.  Among  the  productions  of  his  pen  are  several 
series  of  Sunday-school  question  books,  a  series  of 
eight  volumes  on  natural  history,  five  voluujes  on 
American  history,  "  Priscilla,  or  Trials  for  the 
Truth,"  and  two  hymn-books.  The  present  resi- 
dence fl'^"^)  of  Dr.  Banvard  is  Xeponset,  Mass. 

Baptism  a  Breach  of  the  Sixth  and  Seventh 
Conunandments, — Few  men  have  done  more  than 
Richanl  Ua.\ter  to  serve  the  Redeemer's  kingdom. 
In  his  own  day  his  name  w;is  a  tower  of  strength. 
Against  our  brethren  he  wielded  all  his  immense 
influence  with  untiring  energy,  and  with  the  gross- 
est misrepresentations.     He  says, — 

"  That  which  is  a  plain  breach  of  the  sixth  com- 
mandment, '  Thou  shall  not  kill,'  is  no  ordinance  of 
God,  but  a  most  heinous  sin  ;  but  the  ordinary 
practice  of  baptizing  by  dipping  over  head  In  cold 
water,  as  necessary,  is  a  plain  breach  of  the  sixth 
commandment ;  therefore  it  is  no  ordinance  of  God, 
but  an  heinous  sin.  And  as  Mr.  Craddock,  in  his 
book  of  ■  Gospel  Liberty,'  shows,  the  magistrate 
ought  to  restrain  it.  to  save  the  lives  of  his  subjects  ; 
even  on  their  principles,  that  will  yet  allow  the 
magistrate  no  power  directly  in  matters  of  worship. 
That  this  is  flat  murder,  and  no  better,  being  ordi- 
narily and  generally  used,  is  undesir.able  to  any 
understanding  man.    For  that  which  directly  tend- 


eth  to  overthrow  men's  lives,  lieing  wilfully  used, 
is  plain  murder."  He  then  proceeds  to  prove  that 
our  fathers  violated  the  seventh  commandment. 
"  Thou  shall  not  commit  adnlter;/."  "  My  seventh 
argument  is  also  against  another  wickedness  in  their 
manner  of  baptizing,  which  is  tlieir  dipping  per- 
sons naked,  as  is  very  usual  with  many  of  them  ; 
or  next  to  naked.*  as  is  usual  with  the  modestcst, 
that  I  have  heard  of.'  There  is  not  a  .solitary  case 
on  record  among  the  English  Baptists  of  baptism 
in  a  state  of  nudity.  Nor  is  there  a  single  instance 
in  the  history  of  the  Christian  Church,  even  during 
the  first  twelve  centuries,  when  immersion  was  uni- 
versal, of  injury  to  any  one  by  bapti>mal  dipping. 
The  misrepresentations  of  men  like  Mr.  Baxter 
had  so  much  weight  in  England  that  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Gates  was  tried  on  the  charge  of  murder 
at  Chelmsford,  in  1646,  the  victim  of  his  supposed 
crime  being  Anne  Martin,  whom  he  baptized  some 
time  before  her  death.  But  Mr.  Oatesf  had  an  in- 
telligent jury,  and  he  was  acquitted.  Against  the 
slanders  of  hosts  of  men,  many  of  them  persons 
of  great  piety  and  of  extensive  reputation,  our 
honored  fathers  had-  to  contend  -,.  and  they  have 
lived  and  even  triumphed  in  the  furnace  filled  with 
such  unholy  flames. 

Baptism  of  Ten  Thousand  English.— England 

received  its  name  from  the  Angles,  who,  with  the 
Saxons,  came  to  that  country  in  the  middle  of  the 
fifth  century ;  the  country  previous  to  their  con- 
quest was  called  Britain.  Its  ancient  inhabitants 
were  Christians  from  the  end  of  the  second  century. 
The  Anglo-Saxons  were  savage  pagans,  who  de- 
stroyed the  Britons,  or  drove  them  into  Wales  and 
Cornwall,  and  removed  every  trace  of  Christianity, 
In  596  a  mission  came  to  convert  the  idolatrous 
English,  from  Rome,  led  by  Augustine,  a  monk,  and 
in  597,  10,(K)0  of  them  were  baptized  in  one  day  in 
the  Swale  ;  this  stream  is  not  the  Yorkshire  River 
of  the  same  name ;  it  flows  between  the  Isle  of 
Sbeppy,  in  Kent,  and  the  mainland,  and  its  two 
extremities  are  now  called  East  and  West  Swale. 
It  extends  for  12  miles,  and  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  200  tons  burden.  The  East  Swale  is  9  miles 
from  Canterbury,  the  seat  of  Augustine's  mission, 
and  on  that  account,  ever  since,  the  see  of  the 
chief  prelate  of  the  English  Church.  (Cathcart's 
"  Baptism  of  the  Ages,"  pp.  22.  Publication  So- 
ciety, Philadelphia.) 

Gocelin,  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  in  the  eleventh 
centurv.  with  the  ancient  '"Chronicles  of  Kent" 
before  him,  two  of  which  were  collated  by  him  in 
his  "  Life  of  St.  Augustine,''  says, — 

"More  than  lO.OoO  of  the  English  were  born 
again  in  the  laver  of  holy  baptism,  with  an  infinite 


*  Baxter's  "  Plain  Scripture  Proof,"  pp.  134-.%. 

t  Crueby's  "  Uistorjr  of  the  Eugluta  BiiptisU."    Preface,  34-36. 


BAPTISM 


69 


BAPTIUM 


number  of  women  and  children,  in  a  river  which 
the  English  call  Sirarios,  the  Swale,  as  if  at  one 
birth  of  the  church,  and  from  one  womb.  These 
persons,  .at  the  command  of  the  teacher,  as  if  he 
were  an  angel  from  heaven  calling  upon  them,  all 
entered  the  dangerous  depth  of  the  river  (mitiacem 
fluminis  profiniditatem)  two  and  two  together,  as 
if  it  had  been  a  solid  plain  ;  and  in  the  true  faith, 
confessing  the  exalted  Trinity,  they  were  baptized 
one  by  the  other  in  turns,  the  apostolic  leader 
blessing  the  water.  So  great  a  progeny  for  heaven 
born  out  of  a  deep  whirlpool''  [de  prof  undo  gunjite 
nasceretur).  (Vita  Sanct.  August.  Patrol.  Lat.,  vol. 
Ixxx.  pp.  79,  80,  migne  Parisiis.)  This  was  the 
first  bajitism  among  the  people,  whose  new  country, 
after  a  portion  of  them,  was  calle<l  Kngland ;  the 
mode  of  the  baptism  in  the  Swale  was  clearly  im- 
mersiiin. 

Baptism,  The  Scriptural  Mode  of.— The  form 
of  a  ceremony  is  essential  to  its  existence.  A  cere- 
mony teaches  truth,  not  by  direct  stateiiieiits,  but 
by  material  symbols;  and  if  the  figures  are  changed 
you  alter  their  teaching.  Bread  was  used  by  the 
Saviour  to  represent  his  bidy,  because  it  is  the 
chief  part  of  the  food  of  all  nations,  and,  prot> 
ably,  because  the  grain  of  which  it  is  made  was 
"peeled  by  the  flail,  heated  intensely  by  the  kiln, 
ground  by  the  millstones,  and  baked  in  the  oven." 
Tliis  figure  teaches  that  through  intense  sufferings 
Jesus  becomes  the  soul  food  of  all  believers.  The 
cup  of  the  Lord's  Supper  contains  wine  made  by 
the  crushing  of  grapes.  These  two  symbols  teach 
most  powerfully  that  a  bruised  and  wounded  .Sa- 
viour is  the  bread  of  life  to  all  believers.  Substi- 
tute fish  and  vegetables  for  bread  and  wine  and 
the  teaching  of  the  ordinance  is  gone  ;  or  take  away 
either  the  bread  or  the  cup  and  you  destroy  the 
most  sacred  of  ceremonial  institutions.  The  cere- 
mony of  hand-shaking  loses  all  its  symbolical  teach- 
ing by  a  change  in  its  form.  When  you  extend 
your  open  hand  to  an  acquaintance,  if  he  were  to 
place  his  closed  fist  in  it  there  would  be  no  friendly 
grasp  there,  and  while  two  hands  met  the  ceremony 
would  look  more  like  fighting  on  the  part  of  one  than 
familiar  greeting.  A  cereuiotiial  ordinance  teaches 
by  form,  and  if  you  change  the  form  you  mar  or 
destroy  the  instruction.  In  the  Scriptures  baptism 
is  immersion  in  water.  The  mode  is  fixe<l  for  all 
time.  No  authority  out  of  heaven  can  change  it. 
One  Lonl,  one  faith,  and  one  baptism.  Any  change 
in  this  ceremonial  institution  destroys  it. 

Baptism  is  intended  to  show  that  we  are  dead 
and  buried  with  Christ,  and  that  we  have  risen  to 
a  rcgenerateil  life:  "  Therefore  we  are  Imried  with 
him  til/  liai>linin  into  death:  that  like  as  Christ 
was  raised  up  from  the  dead  by  the  glory  of  the 
Father,  even  so  we  also  should  walk  in  newness  of 
life." — Kom.  vi.  4.    ■•  Buried  with  him  in  baptism, 


wherein  also  ye  are  risen  with  him  through  the 
faith  of  the  operation  of  God." — Col.  ii.  12.  In 
immersion  a  man  is  covered  over  as  if  he  were  in 
his  grave ;  there  (-an  be  no  breathing,  except  for  a 
second,  as  if  the  man  were  dead  ;  he  rises  up  out 
of  the  water  as  if  he  were  ascending  from  the 
grave.  Immersion  shows  all  this.  Do  sprinkling 
and  pouring  cover  over  a  man  as  if  he  were  buried? 
or  stop  his  brsathing  as  if  he  were  dead?  or  niise 
him  up  as  if  he  were  coming  out  of  a  grave?  Our 
Pedobaptist  brethren  sometimes  playfully  tell  us 
that  our  differences  about  baptism  simply  relate  to 
the  quantity  of  water,  we  want  more  and  they  de- 
sire less.  This  statement  is  a  serious  mistake. 
Novatian,  in  the  third  century,  when  he  supposed 
he  was  dying,  thinking  that  he  could  not  hear  to 
be  dipped,  bad  water  "  poured  around"  him  until 
he  was  saturated  with  it.  He  was  probably  as  wet 
as  if  he  had  been  dipped  three  times  in  water,  ac- 
cording to  the  custom  of  that  day,  but  he  was  not 
buried  by  baptism,  his  breath  was  not  stopped  for 
a  moment  under  the  water  as  if  he  were  dead,  he 
did  not  rise  out  of  the  water  as  if  he  were  rising 
out  of  a  grave.  Xnvutian  bad  not  Christian  bap- 
tism, as  Eu,sebius*  gravely  hints.  He  gives  us  the 
first  living  example  of  pouring  in  baptism,  which 
had,  perhaps,  not  fifty  imitators  for  six  centuries 
afterwards.  It  is  not  the  quantity  of  water  used 
in  baptism  that  makes  it  scriptural  or  the  reverse. 
If  a  stream  of  water  had  been  poured  on  Nova- 
tian which  ran  away  and  formed  a  river,  he  would 
not  have  been  buried  or  covered  over  J)y  baptism, 
nor  would  his  baptism  have  resembled  death  and 
the  resurrection.  The  Roman  Catholic  cardinal 
Pullus,  in  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  century,  thus 
beautifully  and  truly  describes  baptism  :"  Whilst 
the  candidate  for  baptism  in  water  is  immersed  the 
death  of  Christ  is  suggested  ;  whilst  immersed,  and 
covered  witfi  water,  the  burial  of  Christ  is  shown 
forth ;  whilst  he  is  raised  from  the  waters,  the 
resurrection  of  Christ  is  proclaimed."t  Anything 
assuming  to  l)e  baptism  which  does  not  cover  the 
baptized  with  water,  and  lift  liim  out  of  the  water, 
as  if  raising  him  from  the  dead,  is  a  fraudulent 
ceremony  destitute  of  any  divine  sanction  ;  immer- 
sion was  the  baptismal  burial  of  Paul,  and  the  cus- 
tom of  all  Christian  countries  during  the  first 
twelve  centuries  of  our  era. 

Jesus  was  baptized  in  the  river  Jordan,  "out  of 
the  water  of  which  he  went  up  straightway"  (Matt, 
iii.  16)  when  the  Spirit  of  God  descended  upon 
him  like  a  dove.  Of  John  the  Baptist  it  is  said, 
"  Then  went  out  to  him  Jerusalem,  and  all  Judea, 
and  all  the  region  round  alx)ut  Jordan,  and  were 
baptized  of  him  in  Jordan,  confessing  their  sins." 

•  Eccles.  Hint.,  vi.  43. 

f  Patrvl.  Lat..  vol.  150,  i>.  315,  migiie  Pnrisiis. 


BAPTISM 


70 


BAPTISM 


— Miitt.  iii.  5.  These  baptisms  in  Joi'Jan  were  im- 
mersions. If  we  rend  that  twenty  persons  were 
baptized  in  the  James  River  at  Lynchburg,  no  one 
in  the  full  use  of  his  mental  faculties  would  doubt 
their  immersion.  When  it  is  said,  "John  also  was 
baptizing  in  Enon,  near  to  Salim,  because  there  was 
much  water  there," — John  iii.  '2'i, — the  inference 
cannot  he  resisted  that  they  were  immersed. 

The  Saviour  speaking  of  his  sufferings  says,  "  I 
have  a  baptism  to  be  baptized  with  ;  and  how  am  I 
straitened  till  it  be  accomplislied  !" — Luke  xii.  50. 
This  was  not  his  baptism  in  water,  that  had  taken 
place  some  time  ago ;  nor  yet  his  baptism  of  the 
Spirit,  that  he  already  enjoyed.  Tliis  verse  refers 
to  his  dreadful  sufferings.  lie  was  to  be  plunged 
in  ajjonies  and  covered  completely  by  them.  This 
is  the  most  fitting  figure  ever  employed  to  describe 
them.  The  Saviour's  Iirow  in  his  atoning  sorrows 
■was  not  sprinkled  with  pains,  his  face  had  not  a 
few  drops  of  anguish  poured  upon  it,  his  whole 
soul  and  body  were  cnmjilelely  covered  with  the 
sufferings  of  atonement.  He  was  immersed  in  woe, 
as  the  believer  is  in  the  waters  of  baptism. 

When  Paul  was  converted  to  God  Ananias  was 
sent  by  Jehovah  to  him,  and  he  said,  "  And  now 
why  tarriest  thou  ?  Ari.se  and  be  baptized,  and 
wash  away  thy  sins,  calling  on  the  name  of  the 
Lord  Jesus."  Baptism  according  to  Ananias,  fresh 
from  God,  is  a  figure  of  the  washing  away  of  sins. 
This  washing  is  not  applied  to  the  face  or  the 
brow  of  the  spirit,  the  whole  soul  is  washed,  and 
its  sins  arc  all  removed.  As  the  washing  of  the 
soul  from  its  guilt  leaves  not  a  spei-k  of  it  un- 
cleansed,  the  figure  of  this  washing  must  be  a  com- 
plete submersion  of  the  whole  body  in  water. 

Lutlier*says,"  Baptism  is  a  Greek  word;  in  Latin 
it  can  be  translated  immersion,  as  when  we  plunge 
somethini/  into  renter  Ihdi  it  mnij  be  completely  rorercd 
with  water."  Calvin,  after  declaring  t'liat  the  mode 
of  baptism  is  indifferent,  says.  ''  The  very  word 
baptize,  however,  signifies  to  immerse;  and  it  is 
certain  that  immersion  was  observed  by  the  ancient 
chiirch"\  In  the  first  liturgy  made  for  the  E|)isco- 
pal  Church  in  the  reign  of  Eilward  VI.,  1540,  the 
priest  is  enjoined,  after  naming  the  child,  to  "  dip  it 
in  the  water  thrire.  First  dipping  the  right  side; 
second,  the  left  side ;  the  third  lime  dipping  the  face 
toward  the  font;  so  it  be  discreetly  and  warily 
done."t  Then  weak  children  are  permitted  the  use 
of  pouring.  John  Wesley  writes  in  his  Journal, 
while  he  was  on  a  visit  to  Georgia,  in  1736:  "Satur- 
day, Feb.  21st. —  Mary  Welsh,  aged  eleven  days,  was 
baptized  according  to  the  custom  of  the  first  church, 


•  Opera  Lotheri,  De  Sacram.  Bapt., ).,  p.  .119,  1.164. 
t  Instit.  Clirist.  Relig.,  lib.  iv.,  cap.  15,  sec.  10.  p.  644,  London, 
1576. 

J  The  Two  Liturgies,  p.  111-12,  Parker  Society. 


and  the  rule  of  the  Church  of  England,  by  immrr- 
sion."^  By  the  testimony  of  the  modern  scholar- 
ship of  the  world  the  Greek  word  translated  baptize 
means  to  immerse.  This  is  its  use  in  the  New 
Testament.  This  was  the  practice  of  Christendom 
for  twelve  centuries  after  Christ. ||  And  when 
immersion  is  not  conferred  in  baptism  the  candidate 
for  till'  rite  is  nut  lia]ilizcd. 

Baptism,  the  Scriptural  Subjects  of.— It  i> 
common  for  nations  to  cimfer  favors  upon  their 
own  subjects,  and  upon  their  friends.  It  would  lie 
a  singular  and  very  unwisi"  procedure  for  any  great 
state  to  bestow  special  privileges  upon  those  who 
are  not  its  friends,  and  who  without  a  radical 
change  of  heart  never  can  be.  Baptism  is  an  ex- 
alted honor;  infants  arc  not  the  friends  of  Christ's 
kingdom,  and  they  never  will  be  unless  they  are 
born  of  the  .'^pirit  of  God.  Baptism  has  no  tend- 
ency to  produce  a  new  heart,  and  its  bestowal 
upon  unconscious  infants  is  a  senseless  and  unwise 
abuse  of  a  blessed  ordir.ance  intended  only  for  the 
Saviour's  friends. 

The  Scriptures  know  nothing  of  any  baptism  for 
unconscious  infants.  The  commission  of  Jesus  to 
preach  and  baptize  is  given  in  Matt,  xxviii.  Ill: 
"Go  ye  therefore  and  teach  all  nations,  baptizing 
them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son, 
and  of  the  Holy  Spirit,"  The  lessons  to  be  given 
the  nations  are  on  the  love  of  God  in  giving  Jesus, 
his  atoning  merits  and  mercies,  his  precious  prom- 
ises, solemn  warnings,  and  final  juilgnient,  and  on 
the  power  of  faith  in  -Jesus  to  appropriate  him  and 
all  his  spiritual  we;ilth.  Infants  cannot  receive 
such  lessons ;  they  were  not  intended  for  uncon- 
scious babes.  It  would  be  an  outrage  on  common 
sense  to  try  to  teach  the  multiplication  table  to  a 
babe  of  a  week  or  a  month  old,  and  a  far  greater 
absurdity  to  command  the  profound  teachings  of 
Calvary  to  be  imparted  to  little  ones  who  do  not 
understand  one  word  of  any  language.  The  com- 
mission is  a  command  to  instruct  those  in  all  na- 
tions who  are  capable  of  understanding  it,  and  to 
baptize  them  when  taught.  The  verb  "  teach"  is 
"make  disciples,''  the  pronoun  "them"  is  instead 
of  the  noun  "disciples.'' — to  baptize  them  is  to  im- 
merse disiiples.  And  this  is  further  confirmed  by 
what  the  Saviour  adds,  "Teaching  them  to  observe 
all  things  w^hatsoever  I  have  commanded  you." 
The  persons  to  be  baptized  are  first  to  be  made  dis- 
ciples by  repentance  and  faith  ;  then  they  are  to 
receive  immersion,  and  immediately  after  they  are 
to  have  full  instruction  in  all  the  inspired  words 
of  Jesus.  The  commi.ssicm  commands  the  baptism 
not  of  unconscious  infimts,  but  of  believers  only. 

On  the  day  of  Pentecost  3000  persons  were  bap- 

?  Wesley's  Works,  1.,  130,  Phila.,  1826. 

I  Cathiart's  Baiitism  of  the  Ages,  Baptist  Puh.  Society,  Phila. 


BAPTISM 


n 


BAPTIST 


tized,  of  whom  it  is  written,  "  Ttien  tliey  that 
ftlaJly  received  his  word  were  baptized,  and  the 
same  day  tlicre  were  added  unto  them  al)Out  three 
thousand  souls." — Acts  ii.  41 .  No  unconscious  babe 
received  "  the  word  gladly.'  Those  persons  were 
believers.  Wlien  the  evangelist,  Philip,  told  the 
Rtory  of  the  cross  in  Samaria,  ''  They  believed 
Philip  preaching  the  things  concerning  the  king- 
dom of  God  and  the  name  of  Je-sus  Christ,  and  they 
were  baptized  both  men  and  women." — Acts  viii. 
12.  Philip's  converts  were  all  professed  believ- 
ers, and  these  only  were  baptized.  The  eunuch 
claimed  to  be  a  disci|ile  before  he  was  baptized. 
Paul  was  a  believer  before  Ananias  immersed  bin). 
— Acts  xxii.  16.  Of  Cornelius  and  his  household 
it  is  said  that  he  was  "a  devout  man,  and  one  that 
feared  Ood  with  all  his  hnise.''  "  Then  answered 
Peter. '  Can  any  man  forbid  water,  that  these  should 
not  be  baptized,  «'/(o  have  received  (he  Holy  Spirit 
as  well  a.s  we?'  And  be  commanded  them  to  be 
baptized  in  the  name  of  the  Lord.'' — Acts  x.  2,  24, 
47,  48.  This  devout  household  that  had  received 
the  Holy  Spirit  and  baptism  was  a  believing  fiimily, 
and  the  "  kinsmen  and  near  friends  of  Corni^lius,  " 
who  shared  in  his  privileges,  were  believers.  Of 
Lydia  it  is  said  that  "'  the  Lord  opened  her  heart, 
that  she  attended  unto  the  things  which  were 
spoken  of  Paul,"  and  she  was  '"baptized,  and  her 
household." — Acts  xvi.  14,  lo.  Nothing  is  said 
about  the  persons  composing  her  household.  But 
if  her  heart  was  opened  by  the  Lord  her  family 
needed  the  same  blessing;  as  for  her  family  being 
baptized  on  her  faith,  the  writer  of  the  Acts  gives  no 
hint  of  it;  he  does  not  say  she  had  children  or  a 
husband,  or  that  husband  and  children  and  .servants 
were  baptized  on  her  faith.  She  was  a  visitor  on 
business  at  Philippi.  apparently  without  husband  or 
children,  and  there  is  no  evidence  that  any  infant 
received  ba|itism  in  her  household.  Of  the  jailer 
at  Philippi,  it  is  said  that  Paul  and  Silas  "spake 
unto  him  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  lo  all  that  were 
in  his  house,"  and  that  "  he  was  baptized,  he  and 
all  his.  straightway,"  and  that  "  he  rejoiced,  believ- 
ing in  God  with  all  his  house." — Acts  xvi.  .32.  3.3, 
34.  Among  these  hearers  of  the  Won!  who  were 
rejoicing  believers  there  was  no  unconscious  infant. 
If  the  household  of  Crispus  was  baptized,  it  is  said 
that  "  he  believed  on  the  Lord  with  all  his  house," 
and  in  this  supposed  baptism  the  subjects  were  be- 
lievers. Of  the  twelve  men  who  bad  only  John's 
baptism,  whom  Paul  met  at  Ephesus,  and  whom 
he  is  sti/ipumd  to  have  rebaptizod, — Acts  xix.  2. — it 
cannot  be  said  that  there  was  an  unconscious  infant 
among  them.  Nor  could  there  be  in  the  household 
of  Stephanas,  baptized  by  Paul,  and  of  whom  he 
says,  that  "  they  addicted  themselves  to  the  ministrij 
of  the  saints.'' — 1  Cor.  xvi.  l.i.  John's  baptisn) 
was  precisely  the  same  as  Christ's,  as  Calvin  (In- 


stitutes, lib.  iv.,  cap.  15,  sec.  7)  and  others  teach, 
and  of  it  Mark  says,  "  John  did  baptize  in  the 
wilderness,  and  preach  the  baptism  of  repentance 
for  the  remission  of  sins.  And  there  went  out  unto 
him  all  the  land  of  Judea,  and  they  of  Jerusalem, 
and  were  all  baptized  of  him  in  the  river  Jordan, 
mnfessiiiij  their  sins." — .Mark  i.  4,  5.  No  uncon- 
scious infant  confessed  its  sins  in  these  Jordan  im- 
mersions. The  apostle  John  gives  the  Saviour's 
exact  idea  of  the  qualifications  for  baptism  when 
he  says,  "  When  therefore  the  Lord  knew  how  the 
Pharisees  had  hoard  that  Jesus  made  and  liaptized 
more  disciples  than  John." — ^John  iv.  1.  This  is 
the  Saviour's  law  of  baptism, — make  di.Kiples,  then 
baptize  them  :  "Go  ye  and  teach  all  nations  (make 
disciples  of  all  nations),  baptizing  them  in  the 
name,"  etc.  This  was  the  uniform  practice  of  the 
apostles,  to  which  there  are  no  exceptions.  There 
is  not  an  instance  of  infant  baptism  in  the  New 
Testament,  nor  is  there  any  command  enjoining  it. 
It  has  no  more  scriptural  foundation  than  the  in- 
fallibility of  the  Pope,  or  the  inspiration  of  the 
"Book  of  Mormon."  Neander  writes  with  au- 
thority when  he  says,  "  Baptism,  at  first,  was  .id- 
ministered  only  to  adults,  as  men  were  accustomed 
to  conceive  baptism  and  faith  as  strictly  connected. 
We  have  all  reason  for  not  derivinr/  infant  baptism 
from  apostolic  irtstitution."  There  is  but  one  New 
Testament  scripture  which  can  be  used  to  counte- 
nance infant  baptism  :  ".Submit  yourself  to  every 
ordinance  of  man  for  the  Lord's  sake," — 1  Peter  ii. 
13, — but  unfortunately  the  same  scripture  requires 
stdjmission  to  every  enormity  instituted  by  earthly 
governments. 

Baptist,  Rev.  Edward,  Sr.,  D.D.,  1790- 
1863,  \yas  born  in  M.vkliMiburg  Co.,  Va.,  May  12, 
17'J0  ;  becoming  a  Christian  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
he  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which 
his  mother  was  a  member,  his  father  being  an 
Episcopalian.  He  graduated  in  Hampden  Sidney 
College  with  a  view  to  the  practice  of  medicine. 
He  became  dissatisfied  with  his  ecclesiastical  rela- 
tions, and  on  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  sub- 
ject of  baptism,  united  with  the  Baptists,  and  was 
baptized  by  the  Kev.  Hichard  I'obbs.  Realizing 
that  God  hail  called  hiin  to  the  gospel  ministry, 
he  returned  to  Hampden  Sidney,  and  graduated  in 
the  course  of  theology  under  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Hoge;  and  in  181,5,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  he 
was  set  apart  by  ordination  to  his  high  calling, 
and  settled  in  Powhatan  County ;  was  married 
to  Miss  Eliza  J.  C.  Egglestnn,  who  survived  him  : 
built  up  several  strong  churches  in  Virginia;  lielil 
an  intluence  among  the  Baptists  of  that  Stale 
second  to  no  man  in  his  day ;  wa.s  the  prime  mover 
in  the  origination  of  the  General  Association  in 
1822,  and  drafted  its  constitution.  He  was  also 
the  originator  of  the  Baptist  Educational  Society 


BAPTIST 


72 


BAPTISTEUY 


and  Seminary  of  tliat  State,  and  by  appointment  ' 
instnu'ted  a  numlier  of  young  men  wlio  were  1 
studying  for  the  ministry.  Being  u  prcaelier  of 
great  ability,  piety,  and  eloquence,  a  revival  began 
under  his  ministry  whicli  extended  over  a  large 
part  of  the  State,  and  joyously  affected  the  churches 
in  the  city  of  Richmond.  After  a  brilliant  minis- 
try of  twenty  years  in  Virginia,  he  moved  to  Ala- 
l)ama  in  18.35,  settling  in  Marengo  County,  where 
he  remained  to  his  death.  In  his  new  Held  he 
again  planted  and  established  several  strong 
churches,  among  a  wealthy  and  liberal  people. 
One  of  them  was  at  Uniontown,  where  he  was 
many  years  pastor.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  this  State,  and  in  all  our 
denominational  schools  and  enterprises,  lie  re- 
ceived several  calls  to  large  city  churches,  which 
he  declined,  believing  that  a  country  pastorate 
suited  his  frail  health  better.  He  wrote  exten- 
sively for  the  IMif/ioiis  Iliiald  and  other  Christian 
papers:  held  honorable  contests  in  the  public 
prints  with  Alexander  Campbell  and  Dr.  John  L. 
Rice.  A  series  of  thirty  letters  published  in  the 
BeligioHs  Hevald  was  subsequently  put  in  book- 
form.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  was  in  the  hands 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  at 
Charleston  for  publication,  but  with  much  other 
valuable  Baptist  literature  it  was  destroyed. in  the 
late  war.  Dr.  Baptist  died  at  his  residence  in 
Marengo  Co.,  Ala.,  March  31,  1863,  having  lived 
in  that  State  twenty-eight  years.  He  was  always 
in  comfortable  worldly  circumstances;  reared  a 
charming  family.  His  son,  Rev.  Edward  Baptist, 
Jr.,  is  now  a  distinguished  minister  in  Virginia. 
Dr.  Ba[itist  was  a  devout,  zealous,  happy.  Chris- 
tian gentleman. 

Baptist  General  Convention  for  Missionary 
Purposes.     See  Trienxiai.  Convention. 
Baptist  Pioneers  in  Religious  Enterprise.— 

Through  Roger  Williams  tlir-_v  loundeil  the  first 
government  on  earth  where  absolute  religious  lib- 
erty was  established.  Through  the  protracted  labors 
of  the  Rev.  John  Canne  they  placed  marginal  ref- 
erences in  the  English  Bible.  (Neal's  "  History  of 
the  Puritans,''  ii.  50.  Dublin,  1V55.)  Through  Dr. 
AVilliam  Carey  they  gave  modern  missions  to  the 
pious  regards  and  efforts  of  Christians  in  all  lands. 
Througli  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hughes,  of  London,  on 
May  4,  1804,  they  established  the  British  and  For- 
eign Bible  Society,  and  in  it  every  kindred  institu- 
tion on  earth.  (Ivimey's  "  History  of  the  English 
Baptists,"  ii.  93.)  For  their  numbers  Baptists  have 
shown  an  extraordinary  measure  of  holy  enterprise. 
Baptist  Weekly,  The,  is  a  quarto  journal,  de- 
voted, as  its  name  indicates,  to  the  promotion  of 
Christianity  as  held  by  the  Baptists.  The  Chris- 
tian Contributor  and  the  Western  Christian  were 
purchased  by  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mission 


Society,  and  they  were  united,  and  received  the 
name  of  the  American  Baptist,  Rev.  AVarhnm 
AValker,  editor.  The  paper,  with  the  headciuarters 
of  the  society,  was  located  at  L'tica,  N.  Y.,  until 
1857,  when  it  was  removed  to  the  city  of  New 
York.  Mr.  Walker  was  assisted  for  a  year  by  the 
well-known  Rev.  Nathan  Brown,  D.D.,  a  returned 
missionary  from  Assam,  alter  which  Dr.  Brown 
was  appointed  editor,  assisted  by  Rev.  John  Dner. 
of  Massachusetts,  and  he  remained  in  the  position 
till  1872,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union 
as  missionary  to  Japan.  The  paper  under  Dr. 
Brown  was  opposed  to  slavery,  all  secret  societies, 
and  the  honorary  titles  of  clergymen. 

In  May,  1872,  A.  L.  Patton.  D.D.,  purchaseil  the 
paper,  changed  it  from  a  folio  to  a  quarto,  enlarged 
it,  and  improved  it  in  many  respects.  Its  special- 
ties were  dropped,  and  it  entered  on  a  vigorous  ad- 
vocacy of  all  the  great  interests  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  It  earnestly  maintains  the  distinc- 
tive principles  and  pr.aetices  of  the  Baptists.  It  is 
eminently  conservative,  patient  with  those  who 
differ  from  it,  conciliatory  to  those  who  strike  out 
on  "new  departures"  in  matters  not  essential  to 
purity  of  life  or  evangelical  teaching.  It  is  emi- 
nently a  peace-maker  in  Zion.  Dr.  Patton  and 
Dr.  Middlediteh  make  an  admirable  paper,  whose 
weekly  visits  are  welcomed  by  a  large  number  of 
subscribers. 

Baptistery,  an  Ancient  Roman  and  a  Mod- 
em.— The  Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  Rowland,  of  Philadel- 
jihia,  gives  the  following  account  of  a  celebrated 
baptistery  in  Rome : 

"  I  visited  it  on  Sund.iy  afternoon,  Sept.  24.  1876; 
the  building  is  octagonal  in  form,  and  stands  a  lit- 
tle distance  from  the  tine  old  church  of  §t.  John 
de  Latcran,  which  gives  it  its  name  (and  for  the 
use  of  which  it  was  appropriated).  One  is  struck 
with  the  antiquity  of  its  appearance,  and  is  not 
surprised  to  learn  from  the  guide  that  it  dates  back 
to  the  time  of  Constantine.  The  buililing  is  about 
50  feet  in  diameter.  The  pool  of  the  baptistery  is 
of  green  basalt :  and  it  is  about  twenty  feet  long 
hy  fifteen  wide,  the  form  being  tli.at  of  an  ellipse. 
There  seemed  to  be  a  false  wooden  floor  in  the  bot- 
tom, but  the  depth,  even  with  this,  teas  sometliing 
over  three  feet.  I  asked  the  guide,  who  seemed  to 
belong  to  one  of  the  lower  orders  of  the  clergy,  the 
use  of  this  large  font,  so  unlike  those  in  modern 
churches,  and  he  replied  '  that  its  size  was  due  to 
the  fact  that  anciently  people  were  immersed.'  I 
inquired  if  it  was  ever  used  for  immersion  now. 
'Yes.'  he  s.iid  :  "on  Easter-eve.  Jews  and  pagans 
who  accept  the  faith  rf  the  church  are  baptized 
here  in  that  way.'  This  fact  I  subsequently  found 
also  in  Baedeker's  celebrated  guidebook.  On  the 
right    and    left   of   the  baptistery   building   doors 


BAPTISTERY 


BAPTISTERY 


open  into  two  small  apartments,  now  known  as 
chapels;  on  the  ceiling  of  one  of  them  is  an  old 
mosaic,  dating  back  to  the  fifth  century,  represent- 
ing John  the  Baptist  per/biWiVi^  the  rite  of  immer- 
sion. It  appeared  to  me  that  these  two  apartments 
may  have  been  originally  dressing-rooms  for  bap- 
tismal occasions.  Between  the  pool  and  the  outer 
walls  of  the  building  there  is  space  enough,  I  think, 
for  four  or  five  hundred  spectators  to  witness  a  bap- 
tism." (Cathcart's  "  Baptism  of  the  Ages,"  pp. 
152-53.) 

A  thousand  years  ago,  at  Easter,  immersion  was 
the  customary  mode  of  baptism  in  this  church,  and 
the  pope  himself  was  occasionally  the  administra- 
tor, wearing  a  "  pair  of  waxed  drawers,"  which,  of 
course,  were  water-proof.  ("  History  of  Baptism." 
by  Robinson,  p.  106.  Nashville,  1860.)  There  are 
still  many  ancient  baptisteries  in  Italy. 

A  modern  baptistery  is  generally  in  the  church 
edifice ;  that  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Phila- 
delphia, rests  on,  not  in,  the  pulpit  platform.  It 
is  8  feet  long,  about  6  feet  wide,  and  4  feet  6 
inches  deep.  It  is  octagonal  in  fonn.  It  is  built 
of  white  statuary  marble,  lined  with  zinc.  It  is 
filled  by  one  opening  in  the  bottom,  and  emptied 
by  another.  It  is  entered  by  two  set.s  of  iron 
stairs  coated  with  zinc,  es'ch  of  wiiich  is  protected 
from  sight  by  a  walnut  curtain,  of  about  7  feet 
in  height  from  the  pulpit  platform.  Six  inches 
from  the  top  of  the  baptistery  there  is  an  opening 
to  prevent  an  overflow  of  the  platform.  Under 
each  set  of  steps  is  the  end  of  a  bent  pipe,  rising  a 
few  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  pool,  the  bend 
of  the  pipe  being  in  a  furnace  in  the  cellar ;  when 
the  water  is  in  the  font  and  a  fire  in  the  furnace,  this 
water  will  reach  a  comfortable  temperature  in  half 
an  hour.'  Back  of  the  baptistery,  on  the  same  floor, 
are  two  preparing-rooms  for  the  accommoilation  of 
candidates.  The  pool  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  modern  fonts,  but  it  is  a  poor  vessel  compared 
with  many  ancient  fonts  still  to  be  seen  in  Italy. 

Baptistery  in  an  Episcopal  Church.— I vimey 
says  that  "  in  the  parish  cluircli  of  t'ranbrook, 
Kent,  England,  there  is  at  present  (1814)  a  bap- 
tistery built  for  the  purpose  of  immersion.  It  is 
ft  brick  cistern  placed  against  the  wall  within  the 
church  above  the  floor.  There  are  steps  both  out- 
side and  inside,  for  the  convenience  of  the  pcr.son 
baptized,  while  the  administrator  stands  by  the 
side  of  the  baptistery  to  immerse  the  person.  It 
is  supposed  that  the  baptistery  was  built  by  the 
vicar,  a  Mr.  Johnson,  in  the  beginning  of  the  last 
•century."  {'•  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  ii., 
227.  London,  1814.)  Probably  there  are  several 
other  baptisteries  in  Episcopal  churches  in  Eng- 
land just  now.  The  law  of  that  church  requires 
dipping  unless  it  is  certified  to  the  priest  "  that  the 
child  is  weak.''     And  as  many  adults  in  England, 

e 


of  Baptist  training,  have  not  been  baptized,  if  any 
one  of  them  united  with  the  Episcopal  Church,  he 
would  roost  likely  insist  on  immersion.  The  writer 
of  this  article  saw  a  beautiful  baptistery  in  1848 
in  the  vestibule  of  the  parish  church,  Bradford, 
York,  England. 

Baptistery  of  Milan,  The. — Three  friends  at 
difl'erent  times  searched  Milan  for  photographs  of 
its  ancient  baptistery  at  the  request  of  the  writer. 
The  first  two  failed  to  secure  any  picture,  because 
no  photograph  of  it  was  ever  taken.  The  last  ob- 
tained, with  some  difficulty,  and  perhaps  by  using 
a  golden  argument,  a  lithograph  sketch  of  the  font 


BAPTISTERV    OF    MILAN'. 

from  a  sacristan.  It  is  an  ancient  sarcophagus,  said 
to  have  contained  the  ashes  of  an  early  saint ;  its 
material  is  porphyry.  According  to  the  measure- 
ment of  our  friend  it  is  6  feet  8  inches  long  and 
24  inches  deep.  Until  a  very  recent  period  full 
immersion  was  the  baptism  always  administered  in 
this  Catholic  font.  Pcan  Stanley  utters  the  testi- 
mony of  Christendom  about  immersion  in  the 
church  of  St.  Ambrose  when  he  says,  "  With  the 
two  exceptions  of  the  Cathedral  of  Milan  and  the 
sect  of  the  Baptists,  a  few  drops  of  water  are  now 
the  Western  substitute  for  the  threefold  plunge  into 
the  rushing  rivers,  or  the  wide  baptisteries  of  the 


BAPTISTEli  Y 


74 


BAPTISTS 


East."  In  1830  the  Inte  Dr.  Ilownrd  Mnlcom  wit- 
nessed an  imniprsion  in  the  sarcophagus  font,  a  full 
account  of  whicli  is  in  "  The  Ba])tisni  of  the  Ages,"' 
pp.  150,  151. 

The  friend  already  alluded  to  says,  '•  On  Sunday, 
Aug.  25,  1878,  I  witnessed  a  baptism  in  the  Cathe- 
dral of  Milan.  After  anointing  the  ears  of  the 
child,  it  was  placed  on  the  arms  of  the  officiating 
priest,  his  left  arm  being  under  its  neck  ;  then,  by 
movements  from  the  left  to  the  right,  the  back  part 
of  its  heail  was  passed  three  times  through  the 
water." 

IIow  much  later  than  1830  the  font  has  been  used 
for  immersion  we  cannot  tell,  but  it  was  always 
employed  for  this  purpose  till  that  time.  And  more 
than  40  other  baptisteries  now  in  Italy,  much  lai'ger 
than  the  sarcophagus  of  Milan,  have  given  immer- 
sion for  centuries  to  the  people  that  lived  around 
them. 

Baptistery  of  Paulinus,  in  England.— Near 
the  Cheviot  Hills,  dividing  England  from  Scotland, 
about  30  miles  from  Newcastle,  and  2  miles  from 
the  village  of  Ilarbottle,  there  is  a  beautiful  foun- 
tain, issuing  from  the  top  of  a  little  hill ;  its  basin 
at  present  is  about  34  feet  long,  20  broad,  and  2 
deep.  This  cavity  could  easily  be  made  several 
feet  deeper ;  from  the  spring  a  stream  flows  which 
forms  a  little  creek.  At  the  side  of  the  fountain 
the  writer,  in  1809,  saw  an  ancient  statue  of  life 
size  called  the  "  Bishop."  no  doubt  Bishop  Pau- 
linus. The  name  of  the  fountain  is  "The  Lady's 
AVell,"  evidently  "Our  Lady,"' — "'The  "N'irgin 
JIavv."'  At  hand  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
nunnery.  In  it  stands  a  granite  crucifix  erected 
about  thirty  years  ago,  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  vicar  of  Ilarbottle,  a  graduate  of  Oxford, 
on  which  is  cut:  "In  This  Place,  Paulinus,  The 
Bishop,  Baptized  Three  Thousand  Northumbrians, 
Easter,  627."'  (Cathcart"s  "  Baptism  of  the  Ages," 
pp.  27,  28,  20,  30.  Pulilication  Society,  Philadel- 
phia.) Our  English  ancestors  baptized  in  fountains 
and  rivers  very  frequently. 

Baptists,  General  Sketch  of  the.— Tlie  Bap- 
tist denomination  was  founded  by  Jesus  during  his 
earthly  ministry.  Next  to  the  Teacher  of  Nazareth, 
our  great  leaders  were  the  apostles,  and  the  elders, 
bishops,  iind  evangelists,  Avho  preached  Christ  in 
their  times.  The  instructions  of  our  Foun<ler  are 
contained  in  the  four  Gospels,  the  heaven-given 
teachingsof  our  earliest  ministers  are  in  the  inspired 
Epistles.  The  first  Baptist  missionary  journal  was 
the  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  For  the  first  two  centu- 
ries all  the  congregations  of  the  Church  Universal 
(Catholic)  were  Baptist  communities.  During  the 
two  succeeding  centuries  the  baptism  of  unconscious 
babes  had  such  a  limited  existence  that  it  is  scarcely 
worthy  of  notice.  During  the  fifth  and  sixth  cen- 
turies the  baptism  of  catechumens,  that  is,  of  cate- 


chized persons  instructed  beforehand  for  the  sacred 

rite,  was  still  common  throughout  Christendom. 
Though  the  candidates  were  constantly  becoming 
younger,  they  always  professed  their  own  faith. 
Nor  was  the  baptism  of  catechumens  laid  a.side  en- 
tirely in  Rome  itself  in  the  ninth  century.  From 
the  beginning  of  the  fifth  century  infants  commonly 
were  baptized  when  very  ill  to  take  away  Adam's 
guilt,  lest  they  might  die  and  be  lost.  And  though 
there  were  a  few  cases  of  infant  baptism  before  this 
period,  it  was  about  this  time  it  began  to  spread, 
but  it  required  a  good  manj'  centuries  to  gain  the 
complete  mastery  of  the  Church  I'niversal  (Cath- 
olic) ;  and  before  it  succeeded,  heretics,  so  called, 
flourished  outside  of  the  great  corrupted  Church 
Universal  (Catholic).  And  even  infant  baptism 
itself,  when  it  sprang  up,  had  to  take  the  apostolic 
idea  that  faith  was  a  prerequisite  to  baptism,  and 
borrow  faith  from  the  sponsors  or  parents  of  the 
child,  or  from  the  whole  church,  to  make  good  its 
claim  to  the  initiatory  rite  of  the  Christian  Church. 
And  it  follows  this  course  still. 

The  first  great  error  among  Christians  was  that 
water  baptism  in  some  way  removed  the  sins  of 
penitents.  This  heresy  was  common  in  the  third 
century.  About  the  same  time  the  Lord's  Supper 
began  to  be  regarded  by  some  as  possessing  soul- 
healing  efficacy  for  him  who  partook  of  it.  and  a 
magical  power  to  protect  the  dwelling,  or  a  ship  at 
sea,  if  a  portion  of  the  bread  was  in  the  one  or  the 
other.  These  two  follies  led  Christians  to  magnify 
the  minister  enormously,  who  could  impart  the 
soul-cleansing  immersion,  and  consecrate  the  heart- 
healing,  and  house-  and  ship-protecting, sacramental 
supper.  These  heresies,  with  their  priestly  rever- 
ence, fostered  sacerdotal  ambition,  and  led  to  the 
creation  of  gradations  of  rank  among  the  clergy, 
until  in  process  of  time  the  Universal  Church  had 
little  to  show  but  a  pvM-amid  of  priests,  with  the 
inferior  ministry  as  its  l)road  base,  and  the  pope  at 
its  head,  and  two  sacred  ceremonies,  the  one  giving 
im.aginary  salvation  through  liaptisuial  water,  and 
the  other  the  supposed  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord, 
through  real  bread  and  wine.  And  as  evils  grow 
at  a  rapid  rate,  these  perversions  of  baptism  and 
the  Lord's  Supper  generated  the  whole  brood  of 
Romish  ceremonies  and  superstitions. 

When  this  conviction  about  the  power  of  bap- 
tism to  take  away  the  sins  of  believers  l)ecaine 
common  in  the  third  century,  then  for  the  first 
time  the  baptism  of  unconscious  babes  was  thought 
of;  but  in  that  century  there  is  only  one  case  of 
the  kind,  and  not  many  more  in  the  fourth  ;  but  in 
the  fifth,  Augustine  of  Hippo  began  to  frighten 
the  Christian  world  with  the  falsehood  that  infants 
would  perish  through  Adam's  sin  without  baptism. 
At  the  same  time  bits  of  the  bread  of  the  Lord's 
Supper  were  forced  upon  the  unconscious  child,  or 


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75 


BAPTISTS 


a  little  of  the  wine,  to  give  double  salvation  from 
two  redeeming  sacraments.  As  we  have  said,  for 
long  ages  after  this  iiosts  in  the  Church  Universal 
fought  this  wicked  rite,  which  usurped  the  place  of 
Christ's  holy  sacrament,  and  induced  the  Saviour's 
servants  to  trust  saving  water,  instead  of  the  blood 
of  atonement  and  the  arm  of  omnipotence. 

When  these  superstitions  gained  extensive  sway 
in  the  Church  Universal  (Catholic),  communities  of 
Christians  sprang  up  in  various  quarters,  some  of 
which  held  the  old  truths  of  our  mighty  Founder 
whom  .John  l)aptized  in  tlie  river  Jordan  when  he 
had  reached  the  age  of  full  manhood.  The  Pauli- 
cians,  originating  in  the  seventli  century  in  Arme- 
nia, were  Baptists.  This  community,  brought  into 
life  by  reading  the  Word  of  God,  flourished  for  a 
time  in  its  native  phice,  then  it  sent  missionaries 
into  Thrace,  Bulgaria,  Bosnia,  Servia,  Italy,  France, 
Germany,  and  other  countries,  and  gathered  mil- 
lions of  adherents,  and  terrified  popes,  and  drew 
kings  with  crusading  armies  of  vast  strength  to 
kill  its  members.  Between  five  hundred  thousand 
and  a  million  of  them  were  put  to  death  in  France 
in  the  thirteenth  century. 

This  people  was  most  commonly  known  in  Europe 
as  Albigenses,  but  they  bore  many  names  and  ma- 
lignant reproaches ;  and  the  worst  doctrines  and 
practices  were  falsely  imputed  to  tliem.  The  Pan- 
lician.  Bogomilian,  Albigenses  existed  in  strength 
in  Bosnia  till  1463,  and  were  found  there  till  a  later 
day. 

From  the  twelfth  century  till  the  Reformation 
the  AValdcnses  occupied  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
hatred  of  Catholic  Europe,  and  in  the  violence  of 
fierce  persecutions.  And  some  of  these  illustrious 
sufi'erers  were  Baptists. 

In  the  same  century  which  gave  birth  to  the 
Waldenses  the  Ilenricians  and  Petrobrusians  com- 
menced their  existence  as  gospel  communities,  and 
held  forth  the  lamp  of  life  to  the  perishing,  so  that 
large  numbers  were  saved.  These  so-called  heretics 
were  Baptists. 

During  that  mighty  upheaval  in  the  days  of  Lu- 
ther which  shook  the  papacy  to  its  lowest  founda- 
tions, mon  with  Anabaptist  principles  appeared  in 
every  direction  with  a  suddenness  that  startled  the 
world,  and  they  were  welcomed  immediately  with 
cruel  greetings  to  foul  dungeons  and  barbarous 
deaths.  Their  blood  flowed  in  torrents  upon  the 
continent  of  Europe  ;  and  even  in  England  it  was 
wickedly  shed. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  the  ancient  Britons 
were  opponents  of  infant  baptism  when  the  Romish 
missionary  Augustine  met  them  in  6U.3.  But  the 
evidence  furnished  by  Bede,  Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  ii., 
cap.  2,  is  not  sufficient  to  establish  this.  In  the 
early  period  of  the  Reformation  Anabaptists  be- 
came quite  numerous  in  England,  and  they  excited 


the  indignation  of  King  Henry  VIII.  and  the 
clergy,  and  they  are  often  alluded  to  in  denuncia- 
tory language  in  public  documents.  A  little  fur- 
ther on  they  were  subjected  to  cruel  persecutions. 
In  the  time  of  Edward  VI.,  Joan  of  Kent,  who  car- 
ried Bibles  into  the  palace  of  Henry  VIII.  for  dis- 
tribution, concealed  under  her  apron,  when  the 
penalty  for  the  act  was  death,  was  given  to  the 
flames  by  King  Edward  by  the  over-persuasion  of 
Archbishop  Cranmer.  Others  shared  her  harsh 
fate,  but  Baptist  doctrines  spread,  to  the  dismay  of 
the  clergy,  and  found  a  place  in  hearts  opened  of 
God  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom.  And  even  in 
Scotland  mighty  John  Knox  found  it  necessary  to 
write  a  book  against  them.  Queen  Elizabeth  and 
James  I.  treated  them  with  royal  barbarity,  and 
Charles  I.  would  have  imitated  their  example  had 
not  the  rising  spirit  of  Anglo-Saxon  liberty  put  a 
bit  in  Ids  mouth,  and  finally  cut  ofl"  the  tyrant's 
head.  For  some  years  preceding  and  following 
1649,  the  date  of  this  event,  the  Baptists  enjoyed 
extraordinary  prosperity ;  they  filled  the  English 
army  in  Ireland  with  ofliccrs,  and  they  had  a  large 
number  over  the  troops  located  in  Scotland  and 
England,  and  even  in  Cromwell's  own  regiment. 
So  sturdy  was  their  republicanism  that  many  of 
them  could  see  no  difference  between  Charles  I. 
reigning  without  a  Parliament  and  Oliver  Crom- 
well governing  without  a  Legislature.  The  Pro- 
tector distrusted  them,  and  procured  a  letter  from 
the  celebrated  London  Baptist  minister,  AVilliam 
Kiffin,  which  others  signed,  exhorting  their  brethren 
in  Ireland  to  submission.  (Ilanserd  Knnllys  So- 
ciety's Confessions  of  Faith,  p.  322.)  Cromwell 
was  so  concerned  about  the  opposition  of  seme 
members  of  this  now  powerful  body  that  he  had 
spies  to  watch  their  movements  and  report  their 
supposed  conspiracies.  Thurloe  gives  the  letter  of 
one  of  these  spies  describing  the  proceedings  of  a 
Baptist  Association  in  England,  and  mentioning  its 
prayers,  letters,  sermons,  and  spcakersjust  as  the  pro- 
ceedings of  such  a  body  might  be  described  to-day. 
Generals  Harrison,  Lilburn,  Overton,  and  Ludlow, 
and  others  in  the  army :  Admiral-General  Richard 
Peane,  of  both  the  army  and  the  navy.  Admiral 
Sir  John  Lanson,  and  a  largo  number  of  other  dis- 
tinguished officers  of  the  navy,  reflected  a  glory 
upon  themselves  and  their  Baptist  brethren  which 
created  fear  or  joy  throughout  their  island  home. 
It  was  said  that  alarm  lest  the  Baptists  should  seize 
the  government  after  Cromwell's  death  actually  led 
tlie  Presbyterians  to  unite  with  the  Episcopalians 
in  bringing  from  Holland  to  the  English  throne 
Charles  II..  the  greatest  profligate  that  ever  dis- 
honored the  family  relation.  In  the  reign  of 
Charles,  and  his  brother  James,  the  most  wicked 
persecutions  were  applied  to  Dissenters,  and  while 
the  English  Presbyterians   from   them  and  from 


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70 


BAPTISTS 


subsequent  heresy  were  annihilated,  the  Baptists 
received  blows  the  effects  of  which  they  feel  in 
Enj;liuul  to-day. 

Thc'v  are  now  divided  into  General  and  Partic- 
ular Baptists,  the  former  lieing  the  smaller  body. 
The  word  "General"  was  put  in  their  name  to  de- 
scribe their  doctrine  of  the  atonement ;  they  hold 
Annininn  views  of  it  and  of  all  the  doctrines  of 
grace;  the  word  "Particular"  was  originally  as- 
sumed to  show  that  this  section  of  the  Knglish 
Baptists  held  a  limited  atonement,  and  Calvinistical 
views  of  the  doctrines  of  grace.  These  British 
Baptists  liave  been  enterprising,  and  have  had 
many  distinguished  incn,  but  they  have  been  sadly 
hindered  by  persecutions  and  by  the  social  tyranny 
of  a  powerful  and  intolerant  state  church.  There 
are  in  England,  Wales,  Scotland,  and  Ireland 
2520  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  of 
2()y,83G. 

Roger  Williams,  a  Welshman  by  birth,  an  Epis- 
copalian by  training,  a  Congregationalist  by  choice, 
and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
England,  came  to  Xew  England  in  1031.  Two  or 
three  years  r.fterw.ards  he  was  appointed  assistant 
minister  to  the  Congregational  church  of  Salem, 
JIass.  While  there  he  denied  the  right  of  the 
magistrates  to  punish  offenses  of  a  purely  religious 
character,  and  "in  one  year's  time  he  filled  the 
place  with  principles  of  rigid  separation  (from  the 
Church  of  England)  and  tending  to  Anabaptism." 
For  these  "  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors''  he  was 
finally  ordered  to  leave  the  colony;  and  failing  to 
render  obedience  to  the  lordly  Puritans  of  that  day, 
and  learning  that  he  was  about  to  be  sent  home  by 
fiirce,  he  Hcd  in  the  depth  of  winter  to  the  Narra- 
g.ansett  Indians,  and  established  the  city  of  Provi- 
dence in  1630,  and  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
America  in  that  city  in  1039.  The  community 
■which  gathered  around  him  adopted  from  him  the 
old  Baptist  doctrine  of  absolute  freedom  of  con- 
science, and  incorporated  it  in  their  laws ;  and 
when  Joshua  Verin,  a  little  time  after  the  settle- 
ment of  Providence,  restrained  his  wife  from  at- 
tending some  religious  meetings,  be  was  disfran- 
chised as  a  punishment  for  his  offense. 

The  church  founded  by  Mr.  Williams  is  still  in 
existence,  and  it  is  regarded  with  veneration  as  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  the  New  World.  It  wor- 
ships in  a  noble  building  erected  one  hundred  and 
five  years  ago. 

In  .Massachusetts  cruel  persecutions  were  inflicted 
on  Baptists  and  Quakers  for  a  long  period.  In 
Virginia  the  hand  of  legal  violence  was  frequently 
raised  with  wicked  force  against  our  saintly  fathers, 
but  in  Rhode  Island,  long  under  the  control  of  the 
Baptists,  whose  governor  at  this  time  worships  in 
a  Baptist  church,  no  man  ever  suffered  any  penalty 
for  his  religious  convictions. 


Bancroft,  the  historian,  says  of  Rnger  Williams: 
"  lie  was  the  first  person  in  modern  Christendom 
to  assert  in  its  plenitude  the  doctrine  of  the  liberty 
of  conscience,  the  e<(uality  of  opinions  before  the 
law  ;  and  in  its  defense  he  was  the  harbinger  of 
.Milton  (a  Baptist),  the  precursor  and  the  superior 
of  .leremy  Taylor.  .  .  .  Williams  would  permit 
persecution  of  no  opinion,  of  no  religion,  leaving 
heresy  unharmed  by  law,  and  orthodo.xy  unpro- 
tected by  the  terrors  of  penal  laws."  Vol.  i.,  375. 
"  Freedom  of  conscience,  unlimited  freedom  of 
mind,  was  from  the  first  the  trophy  of  the  Baptists." 
ii.,  07.  This  is  justly  said  of  Roger  Williams,  and 
it  is  all  true  except  the  statement  that  ho  was  "  the 
first  person  in  modern  Christendom"  to  assert  this 
doctrine.  Leonard  Busher,  an  English  Baptist, 
published  in  London  in  1014  "  Religious  Peace,"  in 
which  Williams's  ddctrine  is  repeatedly  asserted. 
This  was  more  than  twenty  years  before  Mr.  Wil- 
liams broached  it,  and  Busher  had  many  predeces- 
sors in  announcing  his  inspired  principles.  This 
little  work  is  in  the  Ilanserd  Knollys  volume  of 
"Traits  on  Liberty  of  Conscience,"  London,  1840. 
The  blessed  truth  Sir.  Williams  unfolded  on  this 
ctmtinent  his  Bafitist  brethren  everywhere  preached, 
and  they  have  given  it  sovereign  sway  in  all  this 
land. 

The  Baptists  of  this  country  bold  that  the  \\'ord 
of  God  is  the  only  authority  in  religion,  that  its 
teachings  are  to  be  sacredly  observed,  and  that  to 
religious  doctrines  and  observances  there  can  be  no 
additions  except  from  it;  they  Imld  that  a  man 
should  repent  and  be  saved  through  faith  in  the 
meritorious  Redeemer  before  he  is  baptized  ;  that 
immersion  alone  is  Scripture  baptism;  that  only 
by  it  can  the  candidate  represent  his  death  to  the 
world,  burial  with  Christ,  and  resurrection  to  new- 
ness of  life;  that  baptism  is  a  prerequisite  to  the 
Lord's  Supper ;  they  hold  the  doctrines  of  the 
Trinity,  of  eternal  and  personal  election,  total  de- 
pravity, regeneration  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  justifica- 
tion by  the  imputed  righteousness  of  Christ,  pro- 
gressive sanctification,  final  perseverance  a  special 
providence,  immediate  and  eternal  glory  for  the 
righteous  after  death,  and  instant  and  unemling 
misery  for  the  ungodly.  They  hold  the  doctrinal 
articles  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  they  only 
differ  from  that  honored  Calvinistical  community 
in  the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism,  and  in  their 
congregational  church  government.  They  Imld 
that  all  regenerated  believers  are  saved,  whether 
they  are  immersed  or  sprinkled,  or  lack  both  cere- 
monies;  and  they  insist  on  the  immersion  of  be- 
lievers because  Christ  was  immersed,  and  because 
he  enjoins  immersion  upon  all  believers. 

In  this  country  we  have  38  colleges  and  theolog- 
ical seminaries,  and  many  superior  academics.  We 
have  in  North  America  63  religious  periodicals. 


BAPTISTS 


77 


BAPTISTS 


The  Baptist  motto  ever  has  been,  "  Let  there  be 
light,  seculav,  sacred,  and  rcdeemin<r,  till  it  covers 
the  eartli  and  batlies  humanity  in  its  siiining 
waves !" 

In  the  United  States  we  have  24,794  cluirclies, 
15,401  ministers,  and  2,200,000  members,  which, 
with  adherents,  young  and  old,  give  us  more  than 
5,000,000  of  persons  who  hold  our  principles.  In 
the  various  provinces  of  Canada,  and  in  the  British 
West  India  IsUmds,  there  are  iS49  churches,  with 
8y,93,H  members.  Baptist  missions  in  Germany, 
France,  Sweden,  and  other  sections  of  Europe,  and 
in  Asia  and  Africa,  will  be  noticed  under  the 
names  of  the  countries  in  which  they  are  located. 
In  the  world  there  are  29,400  Baptist  churches, 
with  a  membership  of  2,C6?>,172,  which,  with  other 
adlierents  in  Sunday-schools  and  congregations, 
would  priibalily  give  us  between  7,0<JI>,OnO  and 
8,000,000  of  Baptists.  This  does  not  include  de- 
nominations in  the  United  States  that  hold  be- 
liever's immersion,  which  are  not  Regular  Baptists, 
such  as  the  Old-Seliool  Baptists,  Winebrennarians 
or  Church  of  God,  Seventh-Day  Baptists,  vSis-Prin- 
ciple  Baptists,  Tunkers,  Disciples,  Adventists,  and 
Free-Will  Baptists.  These  communities  have  6951 
churches  and  G 1 5.541  members. 

The  origin  and  growth  of  the  denomination  in 
each  of  the  United  States  will  be  found  in  sketches 
under  the  names  of  the  States  in  this  work. 

The  Baptists  liave  a  firm  confidence  in  the  truth, 
and  in  tlie  ultimate  triumpli  of  tlicir  principles; 
and  wliile  they  will  not  sacrifice  a  jot  of  inspired 
teaching  to  gain  the  good  will  of  the  whole  Chris- 
tian family,  they  love  all  true  believers  of  every 
name,  from  Pascal,  the  Catholic,  to  Joseph  John 
Gurney,  the  Friend. 

See  tlic  following  articles:  The  Baptism  of 
Cateciiument,  The  Ai.uigenses,  The  Hknricians, 
The  Petkobrusians,  The  Waldenses,  The  Axa- 
battists. 

Baptists,  Primitive,  or  Old  School.  —  Tlie 
Primitive  Baptists  are  often  called  "Old  School," 
or  "  Anti-Mission,"  or  "  Anti-Efibrt,"  and,  in  deri- 
sion, •'hardshell"  Baptists.  They  usually,  if  not 
invariably,  adopt  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of 
Faith,  founded  upon  that  approved  by  over  a  hun- 
dred leailing  men  in  London,  in  16S9.  They  do  not 
materially  differ  from  tlie  Regular  Baptists  as  to 
Scripture  doctrine,  agreeing  with  them  as  to  the 
necessity  of  regeneration,  the  mode  and  subjects 
of  baptism,  liaptism  preceding  the  Supper,  and  con- 
gregational church  government.  Some  stylo  them- 
selves "  Predestinarians,"  and  are  charged  with 
pushing  the  "  doctrines  of  grace,"  called  "  Calvin- 
istic,"  into  "  liyper-Calvinism,"  or  fh/dlisni,  deny- 
ing any  responsibility  in  man  for  his  own  conduct 
or  condition.  Baptists  generally  dwell  upon  the 
lessons  given  by  John,  the  Forerunner,  tlie  adorable 


Redeemer,  and  his  apostles  and  disciples,  as  to  the 
necessity  of  seeking  repentance  and  forgiveness ; 
for  how  can  immortal  beings  believe  in  Ilim  of 
wliom  they  have  not  heard?  and  how  can  they  hear 
without  a  preacher?  and  how  can  preachers  go 
forth  unless  others  aid  them?  They  urge  "that  it 
pleased  God  by  the  foolishness  of  preaching  to  save 
them  who  believe."  But  many  of  the  Old-School 
brethren,  while  they  comfort  saints,  do  not  feel  it 
a  duty  to  warn  sinners,  and  few  conversions  occur 
under  their  ministrations.  They  allege  that  God 
carries  on  his  own  work,  "  without  tlie  least  instru- 
mentality whatever,"  and  that  "  all  the  preaching 
from  .John  the  Baptist  until  now,  if  made  to  bear  on 
one  unregenerate  sinner,  could  no  more  quicken  his 
poor  dead  soul  than  so  much  chattering  of  a  cr.ane 
or  of  a  swallow."  (  Circular  of  Warwick  Association, 
ISJfO,  copied  hy  Chemung  soon  afterwards.)  And  it 
would  not  but  for  God's  accompanying  Spirit. 

This  system  is  not  entirely  new,  but  has  prevailed 
at  times  elsewhere.  It  is  claimed  that  it  humbles  the 
pride  of  man  ;  but  it  is  charged,  also,  that  it  pampers 
ease,  lulls  to  sleep,  and  shrivels  benevolence.  The 
decline  of  some  Baptist  cliurches  in  Great  Britain 
is  attributed  by  many  to  this  contracted  view  of 
man's  duty  and  privilege. 

The  Great  Awakening  under  Edwards,  AVhite- 
field,  and  Wesley,  over  a  century  since,  amused 
many  in  the  Baptist  and  other  denominations  to 
the  fact  of  each  person's  own  accountaliility  as  a 
laborer  in  the  Lord's  great  harvest-field,  leaving  to 
him  the  issues,  in  grace  as  in  nature.  William 
Carey's  entrance  upon  his  mission  work  in  India 
was  a  result  of  this  reformation. 

In  America  the  same  divergence  of  views  among 
Baptists  resulted  in  alienations  and  divisions,  while 
opposing  parties  yet  remained  in  the  same  liody. 

At  length,  in  September.  IS.So,  the  Chemung  As- 
sociation (New  York  and  Pennsylvania),  at  a  meet- 
ing with  Sullivan  church,  Charleston,  Tioga  Co., 
Pa.,  passed  the  following: 

"Whereas,  a  number  of  the  Associations  with 
whom  we  have  held  correspondence  have  departed 
from  the  simplicity  of  the  doctrine  and  practice  of 
the  gosjiel  of  Christ,  and  have  followed  cunningly 
devised  fables  (theinventionsof  men),  uniting  them- 
selves with  the  world  in  what  are  falsely  called  be- 
nevolent societies,  founded  upon  a  moneyed  basis, 
with  a  profession  to  spread  the  gospel,  which  is 
another  gospel  differing  from  the  gospel  of  Christ. 
Resolved,  therefore,  that  we  discontinue  our  corre- 
spondence with  the  Philadelphia,  Abington,  Bridge- 
water,  Franklin,  Steuben,  Madison,  and  all  other 
Associations  which  are  supporting  the  popular  in- 
stitutions of  the  day  ;  and  most  affectionately  invite 
all  those  churches,  or  members  of  churches,  among 
them  who  cannot  fellowship  them  to  come  out  from 
anion t;  them  and  leave  them." 


nAEEBONE 


78 


BAREBONE 


In  May  following;  (ls:56)  the  Biiltimoro  Astiooia- 
tion  mot  at  Black  Kock,  Baltimore  C".,  Md.,  and 
passed  the  same  in  substance.  It  is  generally  known 
as  "  the  Black  Rock  declaration." 

The  minority  iiicmbei-s  of  these  bodies  at  once 
foundcil  others  on  the  platform  of  aiding  mission- 
ary, temperance,  Sund.ay-school,  and  such  other 
ovjjani/.ations  as  they  doomed  in  harmony  with 
Bible  teachings. 

Similar  divisions  ran  through  other  churolios  and 
Associations,  mostly  in  the  South  and  West.  In 
1844  the  Baptist  Almanac  attempted  to  distinguish 
between  the  Regular  or  Mission  Baptists  and  those 
who  opposed  missionary  work  in  formal  organiza- 
tions for  that  purpose.  The  record  of  1844  reported 
184  Old-School  Associations,  1G22  churches,  900 
ordained  ministers,  2374  baptized  in  the  year  pre- 
ceding, and  01,102  members.  The  Vear  Book  for 
ISSO  returns  OUO  Old-School  churches,  401)  ordained 
ministers,  and  40,000  members, — a  loss  of  one-third 
in  thirty-six  years.  The  Old-School  brethren  have 
declined  in  numbers  almost  every  year  since  they 
made  the  division.  They  have  some  periodicals, 
hut  no  seminaries  of  learning  and  no  national  or- 
ganizations. 

,  Many  of  the  Old-School  brethren  in  the  ministry 
possess  decided  ability  as  expounders  of  Scripture, 
the  members  of  their  churches  are  commonly  per- 
sons of  deep  piety,  and  of  extensive  Biblical 
knowledge.  The  creed  which  they  generally  hold 
is  the  Confession  most  venerated  by  all  the  Kegular 
Baptists  of  America,  fi-om  whom  they  originally 
withdrew,  and  with  whom  they  decline  to  hold  any 
ecclesiastical  relations. 

Barebone,  Rev.  Praise-God,  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  bear  a  singular  name,  which  subjected  him 
to  considerable  ridicule  in  his  own  age,  when  absurd 
names  were  very  common,  and  to  a  great  deal  more 
in  every  generation  since.  In  1G40  he  became  pas- 
tor of  a  Baptist  church  in  London  which  separated 
from  the  community  over  which  the  Rev.  Henry 
Jessey  presided.  Like  many  ministers  of  that  day, 
he  was  compelled  to  support  himself  either  wholly 
Dr  partly  by  a  worldly  calling.  Mr.  Barebone  sold 
leather.  He  was  a  man  of  intellect,  widely  known 
and  esteemed  by  the  friends  of  liberty  throughout 
England. 

When  Oliver  Cromwell  summoned  men  to  form 
a  Parliament  lie  called  upon  Mr.  Barebone  to  take 
a  seat  in  the  legislature.  This  fact  showed  that 
he  was  a  well-known  patriot,  whose  zeal  against 
despotism  in  tlie  state  and  tyrannioal  ritualism  in 
the  church  had  reached  the  great  Protector  him- 
self. In  the  Parliament  his  ability  was  speedily 
recognized,  and  he  exerted  such  a  controlling  in- 
fluence over  its  decisions  that  it  was  called  "  Bare- 
bone's  Parliament.''  When  General  Monk  was  in 
London,  in   ICOO,  preparing   the  way  for  Charles 


II.,  Mr.  Barebone,  at  the  liead  of  a  "crowd  of  sec- 
taries'" (a  multitude  of  Congregationalists  and 
Baptists),  says  Clarendon,  presented  a  petition  to 
Parliament  demanding,  among  other  things,  "  that 
no  person  whatsoever  might  be  admitted  to  the 
exercise  of  any  otlice  in  the  state,  or  in  the  church, 
no,  not  so  much  as  to  toaoh  a  school,  who  did  not 
first  take  the  oath  of  abjuration  of  the  king,  and 
of  all  his  family  ;  and  that  he  would  never  sulnnit 
to  the  government  of  any  one  single  person  what- 
soever :  and  that  whosoever  should  presume  so 
much  as  to  pro|)ose,  or  mention  the  restoration  of 
the  king  in  Parliament,  or  any  other  place,  should 
be  adjudged  guilty  of,  and  condemned  for  high 
treason."  The  man  to  head  the  petitioners  was 
this  Baptist  minister.  lie  was  not  afraid  to  defy 
Monk,  the  betrayer  of  his  country's  liberties,  and 
liis  whole  army,  ready  as  it  was  and  at  hand  to 
execute  their  general's  wishes.  And  this  petition 
shows  that  Mr.  Barebone  was  a  repul)lican  of  our 
Thomas  JeiTorfson's  order.  Clarendon,  speaking 
of  a  part  of  Cromwell's  Parliament  of  1653,  of 
which  Mr.  Barebone  was  a  member,  says,  "  In  • 
which  number,  that  there  may  be  a  better  judg- 
ment made  of  the  rest,  it  will  not  be  amiss  to 
name  one,  from  whom  that  Parliament  itself  was 
afterwards  denominated,  Praise-God  Bai'cbone,  .i 
leather-seller  in  Fleet  Street,  from  whom,  he  being 
an  eminent  speaker  in  it,  it  was  afterwards  called 
Prai.se-God  Barebone's  Parliament."*  Neal  says 
of  the  members  of  the  same  Parliament,  "  It  was 
much  wondered  at,  says  Whitlocke,  that  these  gen- 
tlemen, many  of  whom  were  persons  of  fortune 
and  estate,  should  accept  the  supreme  authority  of 
the  nation  upon  such  a  summons  and  frnm  such 
hands  (Cromwell's).  Most  of  them  were  men  of 
piety,  but  no  great  politicians,  and  were  therefore 
in  contempt  sometimes  called  the  Little  Parliament, 
and  by  others  Barebone's  Parliament,  from  a 
leather-.seller  of  that  name,  who  was  one  of  the 
most  active  members."!  Rapin  says,  "  Amongst 
these  members  was  one  Barebone,  a  leather-seller, 
who,  in  his  neighborhood,  passed  for  a  notalde 
speaker  because  he  used  to  entertain  them  with 
long  harangues  upon  the  times.  From  this  man 
the  people  in  derision  called  them  Barebone's  Par- 
liament."! A  foot-note  in  Kapin  says,  "  Ilis  name 
was  Praise-God  Barebone,  from  whom,  he  being  a 
great  speakei-  in  it,  tlie  Parliament  was  called  as 
above."  These  witnesses  all  show  that  our  worthy 
l)rother  was  really  the  master-spirit  of  the  legisla- 
ture that  bore  his  name.  And  whatever  it  may 
have  lacked  in  the  technicalities  of  legislation,  it 
wanted  nothing  of  the  spirit  of  freedom.    It  passed 

*  Clarendon's  "  History  of  the  Rebellion,"  iii.  482,  714.    Oxford, 
1700. 

t  NeaPs  •'History  iif  tbo  Puritans,"  iv. .Vi,  07.     Dublin,  1755. 
I  Rapin's  "  Hiatonr"  of  England,"  ii.  5'.IU.     London,  173:). 


BARKER 


79 


BARLOW 


a  law,  according  to  Neal,  to  repeal  enacttnenta  that 
hindered  the  progress  of  the  gospel,  and  to  give 
liberty  to  all  tliat  feared  God  to  worship  him 
without  molestation.  Mr.  Barehone  undoulitedly 
gave  effiHitive  assistance  in  the  passage  of  this  law. 

Mr.  Barebone  was  unfiiiestionably  a  godly  and 
a  great  man  ;  and  he  wielded  sueli  a  powerful  in- 
fluence that  when  he  presented  the  petition  to  the 
Parliament,  to  which  reference  lias  been  made, 
Waller  Wilson*  states  that  "  Monk,  who  knew  the 
poiiiilarity  of  Barebone,  was  obliged  to  make  a 
generiil  muster  of  tlio  army,  and  write  a  letter  to 
the  Parliament,  expostulating  with  thorn  for  giving 
too  much  countenance  to  that  furious  zealot  and  his 
adherents." 

The  names  of  Mr.  Barebone  had  a  tendency  to 
make  him  ridiculous.  But  he  triumphed  over  these 
ami  other  disadvantages. 

Barker,  Rev.  Cyrus,  was  born  at  Portsmouth, 
R.  I.,  March  27,  1807.  lie  pursued  his  studies  at 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
and  was  ordained  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  September, 
1839,  having  previously  received  an  appointment 
as  a  missionary  to  the  foreign  field.  lie  sailed 
from  Boston,  Oct.  22,  1S39.  After  his  arrival  in 
Calcutta  he  went  to  Jaipur,  one  of  the  principal 
posts  of  the  East  India  Company  in  Assam,  re- 
maining there  a  little  over  a  year,  and,  May  18, 
1841,  going  to  Sibsager,  another  flourishing  post 
of  the  East  India  dimpany,  three  days'  journey 
below  Jaipur.  He  labored  for  several  years  in 
this  city.  He  was  subsequently  stationed  at  Gow- 
ahati.  While  here  his  health  failed,  and  he  left 
the  foreign  field  hoping  to  gain  new  strength  for 
his  work.  He  died  at  sea,  and  was  buried  in  the 
Mozambique  Channel,  Jan.  31,  1850. 

Barker,  Prof.  Isaac  Bowen,  w.as  born  in  Han- 
son, Mass.,  Nov.  2.5,  183'.).  He  was  fitted  for  college 
at  the  Middleborough  Academy,  then  under  the 
charge  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  .Jenks,  now  of  Brown 
University,  where  his  pupil  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class  in  1801.  Shortly  after 
his  graduation  ho  received  the  appointment  of 
Assistant  Professor  of  Ethics  and  English  Literature 
at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  then  at  Newport,  but 
since  removed  to  Annapolis,  Md.  Prof  Bai-ker 
resigned  his  office  on  the  transfer  of  the  institution 
to  Maryland,  and  went  abroad  for  two  years. 
When  he  came  back,  for  one  year  he  filled  the  chair 
of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature  in  Brown  Uni- 
versity, which  had  been  made  vacant  by  the  death 
of  the  lamented  Prof.  Dunn.  On  comjileting  his 
term  of  service  he  w.as  called  to  the  University  of 
East  Tennessee,  at  Knoxville.  Here,  for  five  years, 
he  performed  the  duties  of  his  office.     In  Septem- 


*  Wilson^s  "  History  and  Antiquities  of  DisaentiDg  Churches,^' 

i.  47,  49.     Lomloij,  1808. 


ber,  1874,  he  was  appointed  instructor  in  the  Ger- 
man language  in  Harvard  College.  For  six  months 
only  was  he  able  to  attend  to  his  duties.  An  attack 
of  pneumonia  so  prostrated  him  that  in  a  few 
days  he  was  forced  to  yield  to  the  disease,  and  died 
March  22.  1875.  in  the  prime  of  his  life  and  use- 
fulness. Prof  Barker  was  a  consistent  member 
of  a  Baptist  church,  a  ripe  .scholar,  whose  untimely 
death  brought  sorrow  to  many  hearts. 

Barlow,  Rev.  F.  N.,  late  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Stockton,  Cal.,  was  born  at  Kent,  Conn. 


REV.  F.  X.  DARI.OW. 

His  mother  died  when  he  was  four  years  old.  At 
sixteen  he  began  the  world  for  himself, — worked 
hard,  and  studied  until  he  was  .able  to  teach.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  in  Western  New  York,  but 
was  turned  from  that  profession  to  educational  and 
pastoral  work,  in  which  his  wife.  Miss  Harriet  T. 
Ilealey,  of  Connecticut,  has  been  a  true  helper.  In 
1849  he  began  preaching  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn. ; 
was  ordained  in  1850  ;  organized  a  church  in  Oan- 
bury  in  1851,  and  was  its  pastor  four  years.  His 
other  pastorates  were  at  Franklindale,  Cold  Spring, 
and  Cornwall,  Saratoga  Co.,  and  Middletown,  N.  Y. ; 
Alpina,  Mich.,  where  he  organized  a  church,  and 
built  a  meeting-house ;  Monroe,  Mich.  :  and  Chat- 
ham, Canada.  In  1877  he  went  to  California;  wiws 
pastor  eight  months  at  Santa  Clara,  and  at  Stockton 
from  Jan.  1, 1878,  till  prostrated  by  illness,  beloved 
by  all,  he  was  compelled  to  resign,  intending  to 
return  to  his  Eastern  home.  In  all  his  pastorates 
he  has  been  blessed  with  gracious  revivals.  He  js 
a  finished  scholar,  a  spirited  and  eloquent  preacher, 


BARLOW 


80 


BARXRTT 


find  a  model  pastor.  In  1SG2  he  joined  tlie  Union 
army  as  lieutenant  of  the  115th  Ilegiuient,  N.  Y. 
Vols. ;  was  taken  prisoner,  released,  and  returned 
to  the  service,  till  broken  health  compelled  him  to 
resign.  His  church  received  him  joyfully  as  its 
pastor.  A  sickness  in  early  youth  impaired  his 
constitution,  so  that  twice  duriiii;  his  ministry  he 
had  to  give  up  preaching  for  a  time.  He  is  one  of 
the  few  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  of  the  Pacific 
coast  whose  counsel  and  business  character  give 
him  a  place  of  iire-eminence  among  his  brethren. 

Barlow,  Rev.  Joseph  Lorenzo,  was  Vmrn  at 
Keni,  Litchlield  Co.,  Conn.,  C)ct.  27,  1J<1S  ;  ordained 
in  1853  at  Seymour,  Conn.,  where  he  was  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  one  year.  He  sub- 
sequently hold  pastorates  at  Snndisfield,  Mass. ; 
Greenfield  Center,  Stillwater,  Broadalbin,  and  Lan- 
siugburg,  N.  Y.  :  Ridgetown,  Conn.  ;  Dundee  and 
Bioomingdale,  III.  ;  and  he  is  now  the  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Menomonee,  Wis.  Mr.  Barhiw  baptized 
about  400  converts  in  connection  with  these  pasto- 
rates. His  labors  have  been  extensively  sought 
by  pastors  in  seasons  of  special  religious  interest. 
During  the  war  he  was  the  chaplain  of  the  125th 
Regiment  of  N.  Y.  A'ols.  He  was  captured  by  the 
Confederates  at  Harper's  Ferry,  in  1S62,  when  two 
weeks  out,  and  resigned  his  commission  the  follow- 
ing February,  owing  to  broken  health.  He  is  still, 
at  the  age  of  sixty-two  years,  in  active  service  and 
doing  an  excellent  work  for  the  church  to  which  he 
ministers. 

Samaby,  Rev.  James,  was  born  at  Freetown, 
Mass.,  .June  25,  1787.  He  was  a  student  at  Bristol 
Academy,  Taunton,  Mass.,  during  his  preparatory 
course,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the 
class  of  1809.  He  intended  to  study  law,  but  the 
Master  whom  he  served  for  so  many  years  had 
other  work  for  him  to  do.  While  a  member  of 
college  he  had  made  a  public  profession  of  bis  faith 
in  Clirist„and  was  received  into  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence.  He  soon  after  decided  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry,  and  was  ordained  in 
July,  1811,  and  at  once  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Harwiek,  Mass. 
He  continued  in  this  relation  for  eight  years,  when 
he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  \ew  Bedford, 
Mass.  For  four  years  he  was  the  pastor  of  this 
church,  and  in  1823  removed  to  Aniesbury,  Mass. 
Having  completed  his  term  of  service  here,  he  was 
pastor  of  several  churches  until  1849,  when  he  ac- 
cepted an  appointment  from  the  Baptist  Sundav- 
School  Union,  for  which  society  ho  labored  three 
years.  He  became  pastor  again  of  the  first  church 
he  had  served,  that  of  llarwick,  in  1.S52,  and  re- 
mained seven  years.  Having  a  third  time  resigned, 
he  had  the  charge  of  two  or  three  churches  for  that 
period  of  time,  and  in  1862  came  back  once  more 
to  his  old  church  in  Harwiek,  and  there  he  re- 


mained the  rest  of  his  life, — fifteen  years.  For 
sixty-seven  years  he  was  a  minister  of  the  gospel, 
thirty-nine  of  which  were  spent  with  the  Harwiek 
church.  Twenty-eight  hundred  persons  received 
the  ordinance  of  baptism  at  his  bands.  He  was  a 
man  of  renmrkable  physical  endurance.  It  was  a 
remark  of  his  which  we  know  not  by  whom  it 
could  truthfully  be  uttered  except  by  himself,  that 
"  he  did  not  fail  to  preach  the  gospel  on  a  .Sunday 
for  more  than  forty  years."  He  died  at  Harwiek, 
Dec.  10,  1877,  aged  ninety  jears  and  nearly  six 
months. 

Barnes,  Rev.  Daniel  H.,  was  bom  in  Canaan, 
Columbia  Co.,  X.  Y.,  April  25,  1785.  He  gradu- 
ated from  Union  College  in  1809.  He  studied  He- 
brew under  one  of  the  most  eminent  teachers  of 
that  sacred  tongue.  In  1811  he  united  with  the 
Bai)tist  church  of  Poughkcepsie,  and  in  1813  he 
received  a  license  to  preach.  In  1819  he  accepted 
the  ''  Professorship  of  Languages"  in  a  theological 
seminary  in  New  York,  which  was  subscMiuently 
transferred  to  Hamilton.  After  this  change  he 
opened  an  English  and  classical  school  in  New 
Y'ork,  and  in  1827  he  was  elected  president  of 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  but  he  de- 
clined the  appointment.  Jlr.  Barnes  preached  fre- 
quently and  acceptably  ;  but  he  was  a  teacher,  and 
an  instructor  of  noble  pupils ;  among  them  were 
Francis  Wayland,  William  R.  Williams,  Bishop 
Potter,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  other  great  men.  He 
rendered  service  in  the  ]]reparation  of  Webster's 
Dictionary,  and  his  contributions  to  Silliman's 
Journal  showed  that  be  was  a  learwcd  student  of 
geological  science.     He  dieii  Octoljer  27,  1.H28. 

Barnes,  Rev.  James  Edward,  was  bom  near 
Carrsville,  Ky.,  June  16,  1S28.  Was  converted  and 
baptized  in  1847.  In  1851  he  was  elected  to  a  public 
office,  and  while  in  the  line  of  political  promotion,  in 
1860,  he  removed  to  California.  His  zeal  and  ready 
address  led  many  to  urge  him  to  enter  the  ministry. 
On  ai-riving  at  the  gold  mines  he  established  an 
altar  of  prayer,  and  his  cabin  was  often  filled  with 
attentive  listeners.  Here  he  heard  the  call,  "  Go 
work  in  my  vineyard,"  and  obeyed,  preaching  first 
at  Gold  Hill,  in  1865,  on  Sundays,  and  digging  for 
gold  during  the  week.  In  two  years  he  had  gath- 
ered large  congregations,  where  churches  were  sul>- 
sequently  organized.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
Uniontown  church,  Feb.  8,  1867.  In  1872  he  spent 
a  year  at  Greenville,  S,  C,  in  studying  theology. 
His  native  eloquence  and  zeal  have  enabled  him  to 
win  many  souls  for  Christ.  He  has  been  pastor  of 
11  churches,  has  baptized  about  700  converts,  and 
is  now  engaged  in  ev.angelistic  Labors  with  diflerent 
churches  in  California. 

Bamett,  Rev.  Joseph,  a  zealous  and  efficient 
pioneer  both  in  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  was  prob- 
ably a  native  of  Virginia.     He  was  active  in  form- 


BARNETT 


81 


BARRASS 


ing  the  churches  of  which  the  Ketocton  Associa- 
tion, Va.,  was  composed.  He  was  among  the  early 
settlers  of  tlie  AVestern  wilderness,  and  in  connec- 
tion witli  Joliii  Whitakcr  and. John  Gerrard  founded 
the  first  two  cliurciies  in  Ki'iitucl<y, — Sevcrns  Val- 
ley, constituted  June  18,  1781,  and  Cedar  Creek, 
constituted  July  4,  1781.  Of  the  latter  Mr.  Bar- 
nett  was  the  first  pastor.  He  was  also  the  first 
moderator  of  Salem  Association,  constituted  of 
four  cliurches,  at  Cox's  Creek,  Nelson  Co.,  Ky., 
Oct.  liO,  1785. 

Barnett,  Rev.  William  Paddox,  was  born  in 
Jefierson  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1803.  In  early  life  he  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church,  but  afterwards  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Fishorville,  Ky.,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  lie  was  pastor  of  several  cliurches  at 
difl'erent  periods,  but  his  principal  pastorate  was 
that  of  King's  church,  in  Bullitt  Co.,  Ky.,  to  which 
he  ministered  with  great  success  for  a  period  of 
forty-three  years.  In  1850  he  was  elected  moderator 
of  Long  Run  Association,  and  on  two  occasions 
preached  the  introductory  sermon  before  that  body. 
Died  Sept.  18,  1876. 

Barney,  Eliam  E.,  educator  and  manufacturer, 
was  liorii  in  Adams,  -Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  14, 
1807.  Both  parents  were  earnest  Christians.  Their 
son  was  converted  and  baptized  at  Henderson, 
N.  Y.,  at  the  age  of  eleven.  Having  received  his 
academic  education  at  Lowville  and  Union  Acad- 
emies, he  entered  Union  College,  N.  Y.,  and  grad- 
uated in  1831.  For  two  years  after  his  graduation 
he  was  principal  of  Lowville  Academy.  In  1833 
he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  taught  for  six  months  in 
Granville  College.  In  the  spring  of  1834  he  be- 
came principal  of  the  Dayton  Academy,  Dayton, 
O.,  and  continued  teaching  for  several  years.  His 
health  failing,  he  engaged  in  business.  In  1845  he 
was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  Cooper  Female 
Academy  of  Dayton,  in  which  position  he  remained 
with  great  success  until  1851.  In  the  summer  of 
1850,  with  a  partner,  he  established  the  Dayton 
Car-Works.  After  various  changes  in  the  firm,  a 
joint-stock  company  was  fornipd  in  18(1",  under 
the  name  of  the  Barney  &  Smith  Manufacturing 
Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  §750,000,  Mr. 
Barney  being  elected  president.  This  establish- 
ment is  now  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  this  country. 
The  buildings  occupy  eighteen  acres,  and  about 
one  thousand  men  are  employed  in  them.  The 
great  success  of  the  enterprise  is  largely  due  to 
Mr.  Barney. 

Mr.  Barney  has  never  been  an  aspirant  for  pub- 
lic office.  He  is  president  of  the  Dayton  Hydraulic 
Company,  and  of  the  Second  National  Bank. 

As  a  Christian,  Mr.  Barney  has  always  taken  a 
firm  and  prominent  stand.  He  was  instrumental 
in  rescuing  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Dayton 


from  extinction  when,  in  1835,  the  majority  of  its 
members  followed  the  pastor  into  the  Disciple  or 
Cauipbellite  body,  and  the  courts  gave  the  seceders 
the  church  property.     For  several  years  he  was  the 


ELIAM    E.  UARXEV. 

superintendent  of  the  .Sunday-school,  and  has  been 
a  deacon  since  1S43.  He  has  also  been  largely  in- 
terested in  the  various  educational  and  missionary 
enterprises  of  the  denomination.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  a  trustee  of  Denison  University,  and 
has  given  to  that  institution  more  than  $35,(X)0. 

Barnhurst,  Rev.  Washington,  was  born  in 
Pliihidclphia,  Dec.  oO,  IsijO.  He  was  converted  at 
the  Broad  Street  church,  and  baptized  by  .1.  Lansing 
Burrows,  D.D.,  March  8,  1846.  Ho  yitered  the 
junior  class  of  Lewisburg  University,  and  gradu- 
ated in  1851.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies 
at  the  Rochester  Seminary.  He  was  an  excellent 
exegetical  scholar.  Ho  was  ordained  at  Chestnut 
Hill,  Pa.,  Sept.  8,  1853.  He  was  greatly  blessed 
with  revivals  in  1853-54.  He  was  called  to  Bur- 
lington, N.  J.,  and  there  he  baptized  many.  In 
1856  he  took  charge  of  the  Third  Baptist  church 
of  St.  Louis.  In  1858  he  had  a  glorious  revival. 
His  health  failed  from  overwork  for  years,  and  in 
1860  he  removed  to  a  farm  in  Miller  Co.,  Mo.  On 
April  29,  1862,  he  called  his  wife  and  sister,  and 
told  them  he  was  dying,  spoke  of  Jesus,  and, 
waving  his  hand,  said,  "Higher,  higher  1"  and 
passed  into  glory.  His  was  a  brief,  earnest,  and 
blessed  ministry.  He  was  a  blameless  Christian 
man. 

Barrass,  Edward,   was   bom   at   Nailstone, 


Ji  Aim  ASS 


82 


BARRETT 


County  of  Leicester,  England.  Oct.  V,  1790 ;  emi- 
grated to  this  country  in  1830;  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Flcniington  Baptist  church,  March 
31,  1833;  died  at  Montana,  Warren  Co.,  Sept.  10, 
1869,  after  a  brief  illness.  He  served  the  churches 
of  Delaware,  O.'cford,  and  Mansfield,  in  Warren 
Co.,  N.  J.,  and  afterwards  two  churches  in  Penn- 
sylvania, with  which  he  labored  until  ho  was  called 
from  his  earthly  toils.  In  all  these  churches  his 
work  and  worth  are  held  in  grateful  renienibrance. 

Barrass,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Leicester- 
shire, England.  July  22,  1793.  He  was  baptized 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church  in  his  native 
land  in  the  year  1817;  came  to  this  country  in 
1828,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Flein- 
ington  ;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  that  church  Jan. 
10,  1830,  and  ordained  at  Flcniington,  April  14, 
1831.  He  itinerated  in  the  upper  part  of  Hunter- 
don, and  through  a  considerable  part  of  Warren 
County,  as  a  missionary;  was  instrumental  in 
gathering  a  constituency  for  the  following  churches : 
Oxford,  Delaware,  Bi'thlchiMii,  and  Mansfield.  He 
served  as  pastor  at  0.\f  ird,  Bethlehem,  and  King- 
wood,  all  of  which  churches  were  strengthened  and 
enlarged,  and  bear  uniform  testimony  to  his  e;irn- 
est,  faithful,  and  devoted  labors.  He  died  Sept. 
27.  ISlii,),  •■leven  days  after  his  brother  Edward. 

Barratt,  Rev.  J.,  of  North  Topeka,  Kansas,  is  a 
faithful  and  successful  minister,  and  a  successful 


REV.  J.   BARRATT. 


bank  director  and  merchant.  .The  church  of  North 
Topeka  which  bo  gathered,  and  of  which  be  is  p,is- 
tor,  is  a  model  church.     Composed  at  first  of  less 


than  a  score  of  mechanics  and  farmers,  it  has  in- 
creased till  it  numbers  over  200.  The  church 
edifice  has  cost  them  ;ibout  SI  2,01)0,  and  they  have 
paid  for  it  themselves  us  they  proceeded.  The 
house  arose  as  the  church  and  congregatidn  and  Sab- 
bath-school grew.  They  have  0  missions  within 
a  radius  of  some  fifteen  miles,  which  are  all  likely 
to  become  self-sustaining  and  efficient  churches. 
The  whole  community  is  permeated  Avith  Baptist 
sentiment.  A  church  so  occupied  with  Christian 
work  is  of  course  eminently  peaceful,  as  well  as 
aggressive.  He  did  not  seek  an  inviting  field,  but 
made  one.  Being  an  excellent  organizer,  his  ser- 
vices have  been  sought  repeatedly  for  a  wider  sphere. 
But  his  people  will  not  let  bim  go. 

Barre,  W.  L.,  author  and  editor,  was  born  in 
Warren  Co.,  Ky.,  July  18,  1830.  lie  was  educated 
at  Franklin  College,  Tennessee.  In  early  life  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  was  licensed  as  a  preacher, 
although  he  seldom  occupied  the  pulpit,  preferring 
literary  work  to  pastoral  labors.  He  has  been  con- 
nected, as  principal  or  associate  editor,  with  the 
LnnhviUe  Jvnrital,  Louisrille  Courier,  Cincinnati 
Tunes,  Cincinnati  Gazette,  Kashrille  Union  and 
Dispatch,  the  Memphis  Daily  Dispatch,  and  the 
St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  Daily  Commercial.  In  1857  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  be  romnined  nearly 
three  years,  and  during  this  period  wrote  and  pub- 
lished "  Lives  of  Illustrious  Men  of  America,"  a 
book  of  1000  octavo  pages,  which  passed  through 
11  editions.  lie  wrote  (in  IS.'iO)  the  "Life  and 
Public  Services  of  Millard  Fillm(u-e,''  and  edited 
the  "  .Speeches  and  AYritings  of  Hon.  Thomas  F. 
Marshall,"  which  passed  through  ten  editions. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  army  correspondent 
of  the  JN't'ie  York  Times  and  other  leading  journals. 
After  the  Wivr  he  was  engaged  on  various  news- 
papers in  several  different  States  until  1873,  when 
he  became  editor  of  the  Green  River  Pantaf/raph. 

Barrell,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Hartford, 
Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  5,  1794;  died  at 
Geneva,  Wis.,  April  16,  1875,  aged  eighty-one 
years.  During  an  active  ministry  of  fifty-three 
years  he  served  as  pastor  15  churches  in  New 
York,  Ohio,  Wisconsin,  and  baptized  about  1200 
converts.  He  was  a  man  of  good  natural  endow- 
ments, of  most  winning  and  gentle  spirit.  He 
excelled  in  his  work  as  pastor.  His  end  was 
great  peace. 

Barrett,  Hon.  James  M.,  a  native  of  Mason, 
N.  H.  He  spent  his  early  years  in  Livingston  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  was  educated  at  Nunda  Academy, 
N.  Y.  lie  came  to  Wisconsin  twenty-fouryearsago, 
and  settled  at  Trempeleau,  Trempeleau  Co.,  where 
he  now  resides.  He  has  filled  many  positions  of 
public  trust.  Among  them  be  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Legislature,  president  of  the  County  Agri- 
cultural Society,  president  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 


BARRETT 


83 


BARROWS 


tion  for  twenty-tliree  years.  lie  is  an  active 
member  of  the  liiqitist  church,  and  has  been  super- 
intendent of  its  Sunday-school  over  twenty  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  State  Missions,  in 
whose  worlt  he  talcos  a  deep  interest. 

Barrett,  Rev.  T.  W.,  was  bom  in  18?,.j,  in  Wood 
Co.,  West  V;i.  Uiiit(M-l  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Marietta,  0.,  in  18.i6 ;  moved  to  Missouri  the  same 
year:  was  educated  at  AV'illiam  Jewell  College; 
ordained  Oct.  28,  1860,  and  entered  immediately 
upon  his  work  as  missi(mary  of  North  Liberty  As- 
sociation ;  in  18(11  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
AVeston  ;  in  1802  was  called  to  tlie  care  of  the 
Tabernacle  Baptistchurchat  Leavenworth,  Kansas  ; 
in  1804  l)pcame  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  churcli, 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.  ;  failing  health  compelled  him  to 
resign  after  a  fifteen  months'  pastorate,  and  for  a 
year  lie  had  no  cliarge:  in  1800  he  was  financial 
agent  of  the  Sunday-school  Board  of  the  Southern 
BaptistConvention  for  North  Mis.souri ;  was  general 
missionary  and  agent  for  the  General  Association  for 
a  part  of  1866  and  1867;  was  recalled  to  Weston 
in  1867,  where  through  his  eflforts  a  beautiful  and 
substantial  church  edifice  was  erected  and  dedi- 
cated free  of  debt;  in  1869  was  called  to  Hannilial. 
where  an  elegant  house  of  worship  was  built  and 
paid  for  during  his  pastorate,  and  large  accessions 
made  to  the  church  ;  in  1873  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Jefferson  City,  where  he  still  labors ;  he 
has  removed  a  heavy  debt  from  the  church,  and  he 
is  building  up  a  strong  and  vigorous  body  of  be- 
lievers;  in  1872  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  William  Jewell  College,  and  fen-  a  number  of 
years  has  been  an  active  memljer  of  the  Executive 
Board  of  the  General  Association,  and  also  of  the 
State  Sunday-school  Convention.  He  is  a  laborious 
and  successful  worker  in  the  Master's  vineyard. 

Barrett,  Rev.  W.  C,  was  bom  in  Wood  Co.,  W. 
Va.,  July  8,  1810;  united  witli  Mount  Zlon  Baptist 
church  183.5;  ordained  Aug.  10,  184.5;  called  to 
Mount  Zion,  Mount  Vernon,  and  Stillwell  churches; 
was  missionary  of  the  General  Association  of  Vir- 
ginia seven  years ;  organized  and  built  up  many 
churclios  in  the  counties  of  Wood,  Wirt,  Jiirkson, 
and  Pleasant :  was  moderator  of  the  Parkcrsburg 
Association  in  18,54  and  1855;  moved  to  Missouri 
in  1856;  settled  in  Clay  County;  appointed  agent 
and  missionary  of  the  General  Association  in  the 
same  year;  organized  and  built  up  most  of  the 
churches  in  Clinton  County;  built  luuises  of  wor- 
ship at  Crooked  River,  Ilaynesville,  Plattsburg, 
and  Lawson  ;  was  eleven  years  pastor  at  Crooked 
River,  seven  at  Plattsburg,  two  at  Richmond, 
Ray  Co.,  two  at  Liberty,  Clay  Co.,  three  at  Cam- 
eron and  Missouri  City,  besides  several  country 
churches ;  was  seven  years  moderator  of  North 
Liberty  Association.  Has  been  one  of  the  most 
laborious  and  successful  of  all   the  old   ministers 


who  have  laid  the  foundations  upon  which  the 
younger  generation  are  now  building. 

Barron,  Rev.  James,  an  aged  and  decrepit,  but 
zealous  and  useful  minister  of  Bowdon,  Ga.,  was 
horn  in  Washington  County,  Dec.  25,  ISOl.  He 
connected  himself  with  the  churcli  at  Antioch, 
Upson  Co.,  April  3,  1827,  and  soon  began  to 
preach.  He  settled  in  Carroll  County  in  1842, 
and  was  ordained  at  Carrollton  church  in  18.50. 
•  For  the  next  twelve  years  of  his  life  he  labored  .is 
a  missionary  of  the  Domestic  Board  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Convention,  in  Western  Georgia  and 
Eastern  Alabama,  and  then,  for  the  five  succeeding 
years,  he  was  an  associationa!  missionary.  Since 
that  time  rheumatism  has  laid  its  hands  heavily 
upon  him,  disaljling  him  from  all  active  work,  and 
he  has  simply  preached  wherever  an  opportunity 
has  been  afforded.  Ills  controlling  desire  is  to  win 
souls  to  Jesus,  and  to  accomplish  this  he  is  instant 
in  season  and  out  of  season.  His  has  been  a  life 
of  faithful  service  in  the  face  of  many  disadvan- 
tages and  discouragements. 

Barrow,  Rev.  David,  was  an  eminent  pioneer 
preacher  among  tlie  Ba]itists  of  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tucky, and  a  man  of  great  ability,  both  as  a  preacher 
and  a  writer.  He  was  born  in  Brunswick  Co., 
Va.,  Oct.  30,  1753;  was  baptized  in  his  seventeenth 
year,  and  in  his  eighteenth  began  to  preach  the 
gospel.  In  1774  he  was  ordained,  and  became 
pastor  of  Mill  Swamp,  Black  Creek,  and  South 
Quay  churches,  in  Virginia.  He  also  traveled  and 
preached  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  he  suffered  much  persecution. 
In  1778  he  was  seized  at  one  of  his  meetings  by  a 
gang  of  twenty  men,  dragged  a  half-mile,  and  forci- 
bly dipped  under  water  twice,  with  man}'  jeers  and 
mockeries.  "  A  short  time  afterwards  three  or 
four  of  these  men  died  in  a  distracted  manner,  one 
of  them  wishing  he  had  been  in  hell  before  he 
joined  the  mob.'  Jlr.  Barrow  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  independence.  In  1798  he  removed 
to  Montgomery  Co.,  Ky.,  and  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Mount  Sterling.  Here  lie  became  a  zeal- 
ous advocate  for  the  abolition  of  African  shiverj'. 
This  led  to  a  division  of  his  churcli.  a  majority 
adhering  to  their  pastor.  In  1807  an  association 
of  emancipators  was  formed  in  Kentucky,  of  which 
Mr.  Barrow  became  the  principal  lea<ler.  He  pub- 
lished a  book  against  slavery,  which  was  regarded 
as  a  very  able  work.  He  also  published  a  treatise 
in  defense  of  the  Trinity,  which  was  much  esteemed, 
lie  died  Nov.  14,  181  o" 

Barrows,  Rev.  Comfort  Edwin,  son  of  Com- 
fort and  Mela  (Bhikc)  Barrows,  was  born  in  Attle- 
borough.  Mass.,  Deo.  11,  1831,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1858,  and  of 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class 
of  1861.     He  wa.s  ordained  Dec.  25,  1861,  as  pastor 


BARSS 


84 


B  ATX  MAN 


of  the  Baptist  church  in  Soutli  Danvers  (now  Pca- 
biidy),  Mass.,  where  he  reiimined  tliree  years  and 
three  months,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  cliurch  in  Newport, 
with  which  he  began  his  ministerial  labors  March 
12,  1805,  which  position  he  now  (1880)  holds. 
Anion};  his  published  writinj^s  are  a  memorial 
sermon  commemorating  the  life  and  services  of 
the  Rev.  Krastus  AVilhird,  for  twenty-one  years 
missionary  in  France;  an  historical  discourse  upon 
"The  Development  of  Baptist  Principles  in  Rhode 
Island,"  preached  May  lli,  1875,  the  semi-centennial 
anniversary  of  the  Rhode  Island  Baptist  State 
Convention.  This  discourse  was  first  (lublished 
by  the  Conv  ntion,  and  subsequently,  with  slight 
additions,  it  was  issued  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society  as  one  of  its  series  of  short 
historical  and  denominational  works.  Mr.  Bar- 
rows published  also  a  discourse  delivered  on 
Thanksgiving-day,  Nov.  30.  18T'i,  on  the  history 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  and 
a  discourse  commemorative  of  Benjamin  B.  Row- 
land, for  fifty  years  clerk  of  the  town  and  city  of 
Newport.  He  has  also  contributed  articles  for  re- 
views and  papers.  Mr.  Barrows  is  one  of  the 
ablest  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination.  His  his- 
torical works  should  be  read  by  his  brethren  every- 
where. He  is  a  manly  Baptist  who  courageously 
asserts  the  truth,  and  always  presents  it  in  a  loving 
spirit. 

Barss,  JohnW.,  was  born  in  1812,  at  Liverpool, 
Nova  Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  at  Wolfville, 
July,  1833;  commenced  business  at  Halifax,  1836; 
and  returned  to  Wolfville  in  ISoO.  Mr.  Barss  is 
a  successful  ship-owner  and  a  liberal  supporter  of 
the  denominational  enterprises.  He  contributed 
$2000  to  build  the  North  church,  Halifax,  and 
S4000  towards  the  erection  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Wolfville.  He  donated  9  acres  of  land  to  that 
town  for  a  putdic  cemetery,  and  has  contributed 
$11,000  to  Acadia  College. 

Batchelder,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Boston, 
March  25,  1768.  Early  in  life  he  gave  promise  of 
what  he  afterwards  became,  a  man  of  rare  intel- 
lectual ability.  He  lost  both  his  parents  in  the 
thirteenth  year  of  his  age.  His  early  religious 
experience  was  quite  remarkable.  After  he  thought 
he  had  passed  through  "  the  great  change,"  his 
mind  became  tinctured  with  infidel  sentiments. 
But  he  was  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God  to  see  his 
error,  and  at  length  he  became  a  Christian,  and 
was  baptized  at  Deerfield,  N.  II.,  in  June,  1792. 
Being  impressed  with  his  duty  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel, after  due  preparation  he  was  Qrdained  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Berwick,  Me.,  Nov.  29, 
1796.  His  labors  were  singularly  blessed.  In  a 
revival  which  continued  for  two  years  150  persons 
were  hopefully  converted.     He  baptized  in  the  ad- 


joining town  of  York  70  persons,  also  fruits  of  the 
same  work  of  grace.  In  November,  1805,  he  re- 
ceived an  invitation  to  Ijocome  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  and  was  pub- 
licly recognized  December  4.  His  ministry,  con- 
nected with  which  there  were  most  abundant  fruits, 
continued  nearly  thirteen  years.  He  died  April  8, 
1818,  in  the  fifty-first  year  of  his  age  and  the 
twenty-seventh  of  his  ministry. 

All  the  traditions  which  have  come  down  to  us 
with  regard  to  the  character  and  the  ministerial  life 
of  Mr.  Batchelder  show  that  he  was  one  of  the  ablest 
men  intellectually,  and  one  of  the  best  pi'eachers 
of  the  times  in  W'liich  he  lived.  He  took  a  warm 
interest  in  the  cause  of  education  as  affecting  his 
own  denomination,  and  was  one  of  the  prime  movers 
in  the  enterprise  which  led  to  the  founding  of  the 
Maine  Literary  and  Theological  Seminary,  after- 
wards Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University. 
Brown  University,  in  1809,  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts, 

Bateman,  Rev,  Calvin  A.,  was  born  at  Grove- 
land,  N.  Y.,  April  IS,  |s:i3;  is  of  Scotch  descent; 


KEV.    (  AI.VIX    A.    BATEMAN, 

grandson  of  Deacon  Zudoc  Bateman,  a  soldier  of 
distinction  in  the  war  for  American  independence  ; 
son  of  Rev,  Calvin  Bateman,  an  eminent  Bap- 
tist minister,  who,  while  preiiehiiig  in  New  York, 
had  his  skull  fractui-ed  by  a  stone  hurled  by 
a  drunken  man  through  the  church  window,  re- 
sulting in  insanity  until  his  death.  His  mother, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Barber,  was  a  lovely 
Christian,  and  prominent  in  her  zeal  for  foreign 
missions ;  her  eldest  son  was  dedicated  to  the  work 


BATES 


85 


HATES 


ill  I^uriiuili,  hut  died  just  as  he  was  nearly  ready 
for  his  mission.  His  death  and  tlie  lather's  in- 
sanity left  tlie  family  largely  dependent  upim 
yountj  Calvin,  then  only  ten  years  old.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  was  converted  and  baptized  by 
Rev.  Edj;ur  Smith  at  Milan.  Soon  after  the  family 
moved  to  .Mount  Vernon,  Mich.,  where  young  Bate- 
man  was  urged  by  his  lirethrcn  to  proaeli.  lie  re- 
belled, feeling  unfit  for  the  work,  until  Isj'.l,  when 
he  yielded  to  his  convictions,  began  to  preach,  was 
licensed  in  1860  by  the  Iowa  Point  church,  and  in 
1863  was  ordained  at  Atchison,  Kansas.  His  life  has 
been  given  largely  to  pioneer  mission  work  in  Mis- 
souri, Kansas.  Nebraska,  Dakota,  Colorado,  Chero- 
kee Nation,  Nevada,  and  California.  He  has  aided 
in  organizing  over  GU  new  churches,  conducted 
hundreds  of  revivals,  baptized  over  1900  converts, 
and  witnessed  the  baptisni  of  other  hundreds  con- 
verted under  his  labors.  For  three  years  he  w.as 
U.  S.  superintendent  of  the  Indians  of  Nevada. 
In  187o  ho  settled  permanently  in  California  as 
general  State  missionary.  In  this  field  he  has  trav- 
eled 25,000  miles,  preached  more  than  luOO  .sermons, 
and  baptized  nearly  400  converts.  Ilis  son,  Rev. 
Cephus  Batenian,  entered  the  ministry  in  1878,  and 
is  a  successful  pastor  at  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 

Bates,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Bugbmok, 
Nonhauiptdnsliire.  England,  .Ian.  20,  1SU.3.  He 
w.is  baptized  Dec.  25,  1820,  and  became  a  member 
of  the  Eagle  Street  church,  where  Rev,  Joseph 
Irving  labored.  Encouraged  by  his  pastor  and 
brethren,  he  turned  his  thoughts  towards  the  Chris- 
tian ministry,  intending  to  go  out  as  a  missionary 
among  the  colored  people  of  the  AVest  Indies.  This 
purpose  was  not  put  into  execution.  He  decided 
to  enter  the  service  of  the  Baptist  Irish  Society,  in 
order  to  work  among  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Ire- 
land, and  accepted  an  appointment  from  that  body 
in  .January,  18.3.3.  While  in  Ireland  he  labored  at 
Ballina  and  Sligo.  and  in  other  localities,  and 
again  took  up  his  aliode  in  Ballina,  whore  he  con- 
tinued for  nine  years,  during  which  time  he  bap- 
tized 00  persons,  the  fruits  of  missionary  toil. 
The  next  five  years  were  devoted  to  similar  work 
in  other  places  in  Ireland,  making  the  whole 
period  of  bis  service  in  the  employ  of  the  Baptist 
Irish  Society  seventeen  years. 

Mr.  Bates  came  to  America  in  the  spring  of  18.50, 
and  established  hin)self  in  Ca,scade,  Iowa,  becoming 
the  p.astor  of  the  Baptist  church.  In  the  State  of 
Iowa  he  came  to  he  recognized  as  a  power,  and  his 
counsels  in  the  Association  and  Convention  were 
carefully  weighed.  He  went  to  Canada  in  18C)4, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Dundas.  In 
April,  1807,  he  took  char:;eof  the  church  in  Wood- 
stock, and  identified  hini.self  with  the  interests  of 
the  Canadian  Literary  Institute,  While  living 
here  he  consecrated  two  of  his  daughters,  Mrs,  A. 


V.  Timpany  and  Mrs.  John  McLaurin,  to  the  for- 
eign iiiission  work. 

The  labors  of  Mr.  Bates  were  so  onerous  that  he 
felt  obliged  to  resign  his  pastorate  at  the  end  of 
June,  1873.  He  has  received  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  cliurch  during  his  six  years'  ministrv  in 
Woodstock  by  baptism  and  letter  211  persons.  For 
nearly  a  year  he  remained  without  a  regular  pas- 
toral charge.     Ho  died  May  8,  1875. 

A  memoir  of  Mr.  Bates,  with  selections  from  his 
sermons,  essays,  and  addresses,  compiled  by  Rev. 
Dr.  .J.  A.  Smith,  of  Chicago,  a  large  volume  of 
nearly  .500  pages,  was  published  in  Toronto  in 
1877,  Mr.  Bates  was  a  man  of  great  power  and 
of  ardent  piety. 

Bates,  Samuel  P.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Mendon, 
Mass.,  and  educated  at  Brown  University,  grad- 
uating in  1851.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  First  church,  in  Providence,  R,  I.,  by 
the  Rev.  .James  M.  Granger  in  1849.  In  1852  he 
transferred  his  memliersbip  to  the  .Meadvillo  Bap- 
tist church,  where  it  still  remains.  Although  never 
licensed,  he  ha-s  occasion.ally  delivered  discourses 
fron\  the  pulpit  as  a  supply,  and  this  labor  of  love 
has  been  well  received  by  his  brethren. 

As  an  author  he  has  acquired  not  only  a  local, 
but  even  a  national  reputation  of  a  high  order. 
Various  works  have  been  issued,  and  they  lu.ve 
received  the  popular  favor.  Several  editions  of  his 
'■  Lectures  on  Mental  and  Moral  Culture"  have 
been  published  by  Messrs.  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  of 
New  York.  This  work  forms  one  of  the  volumes 
of  their  Teachers'  Library.  The  same  house  pub- 
lished, in  ISOI,  a  small  volume  entitled  '•  Methods 
of  Conducting  Teachers'  Institutes,"'  and  this  also 
met  with  equal  success.  "  The  History  of  the  Bat- 
tle of  Gettysburg''  has  received  the  hearty  indor.se- 
mcnt  of  the  English  press,  as  also  of  prominent 
J'nion  an<l  Cunfedcrate  generals,  and  French  and 
English  military  critics.  In  1800,  Governor  Curtin. 
of  Pennsylvania,  appointed  him  State  historian, 
in  which  -service  he  was  engaged  seven  years,  pro- 
ducing five  large  volumes,  thus  preserving  the 
annals  of  the  military  organizations  which  were 
gathered  from  the  State  in  its  conflict  with  the  Re- 
bellion. This  moiuimont  cost  the  State  nearly  half 
a  million  of  dollars,  and  was  worthily  expended. 
"The  Lives  of  the  Gnvernors  of  Pennsylvania" 
is  another  work  on  which  he  was  employed  after 
the  completion  of  the  iState  History,  The  "Mar- 
tial Deeds  of  Pennsylvania"  is  still  another  large 
octavo  volume,  illustrated  with  numerous  portraits 
of  officers  and  others  wlm  wore  brought  to  the  front 
during  the  w,ir. 

In  1857,  Mr.  Bates  was  elected  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  Crawford  Co.,  Pa,  At  the  ex- 
piration of  his  first  term  of  three  j-cars  he  was 
again  honored  by  re-election,  but  resigned  to  accept 


BATH 


86 


BATTLE 


the  still  wider  work  of  deputy  State  superinten- 
dent, and  tliis  position  he  held  for  six  years. 

In  1862  he  was  employed  by  the  State  as  aj;ont 
to  visit  and  report  upon  tlic  condition  of  the  col- 
leges of  Pennsylvania.  These  reports  were  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time  in  the  Journals.  Other 
duties  have  crowded  out  the  desire  to  issue  them 
in  book-form. 

In  1865  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him. 

In  1S77  he  made  a  tour  throujrli  Scotland,  Eng- 
land, France,  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  the  cities  of 
the  Rhine.  This  visit  laid  the  foundations  for  four 
lectures,  which  have  been  favorably  received  wher- 
ever delivered. 

Bath,  Rev.  Levi,  was  burn  in  Unadilla,  N.  Y. ; 
died  at  Cobnnlnis,  Wis.,  March  4,  ISTIJ,  aged  fifty- 
seven  years.  He  was  educated  at  Poultney,  Vt.,  and 
at  Union  College,  New  York.  He  held  pastorates  in 
Ora.ss  Lake,  Danville,  and  other  places  in  Michigan. 
In  18G1  ho  came  to  Columbus,  Wis.,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  there.  Owing  to  ill 
heath  he  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  active  work 
of  the  ministry.  During  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
he  filled  a  number  of  town  and  county  offices,  and 
was  highly  esteemed  by  a  large  circle  of  personal 
friends. 

Battle,  Rev.  Archibald  J.,  D.D.,  president  of 
Mercer  University,  Macon,  Ga.,  was  born  at  Pow- 


REV.  AUCHIBAI.n   J.  B.\TTI.E,  D.D. 

elton,  Hancock  Co.,  Ga.,  Sept.  10,  1826.  When  ten 
years  of  age  he  moved  to  Alabama  with  his  father. 
Dr.  CuUen  Battle,  where  he  was  baptized  in  1839, 
and  where  he  graduated  at  the  University  of  Ala- 


bama in  1846,  under  the  administration  of  Dr. 
Basil  Manly,  Sr.  In  1847  he  was  appointed  tutor 
of  Ancient  Languages  in  the  University  of  Ala- 
bama. Ho  entered  cju  a  profesiiorship  in  East  Ala- 
bama Fenuile  College  in  the  year  18.02,  and  the 
following  year  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  by 
the  Tuskegee  Baptist  cbnrcli,  continuing  still  to 
occupy  his  chair  in  the  Female  College.  In  1855 
he  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Tuscaloosa  Baptist 
church  ;  subsequently  lie  liecame  Professor  olGreek 
in  the  University  of  Alabama,  president  of  the 
Alabama  Central  Female  College,  and  president  of 
the  Judson  Female  Institute  at  Marion,  Ala.,  which 
position  he  retained  until  1872,  when  he  accepted 
the  presidency  of  Mercer  University,  at  Macon.  Ga. 
Dr.  Battle  grew  up  amid  the  best  social  and  re- 
ligious influences,  and  he  comes  fmm  one  of  the 
first  families  of  Georgia.  He  is  a  highly  cultivated 
Christian  gentleman,  of  refined  manners,  and  su- 
perior social  qualities,  and  with  a  character  that 
commands  universal  esteem.  His  pastorates  have 
been  signally  blessed  by  revivals,  which  lirought 
large  and  valuable  accessions  to  the  cluuch.  One 
of  the  results  of  a  revival  in  the  Tuscaloosa  church, 
when  he  was  its  pastor,  was  the  establishment  of 
the  Alabama  Central  Fenmle  College,  an  institution 
of  learning  which  reflects  the  highest  honor  upon 
its  founders,  the  first  conception  of  which  is  due  to 
Dr.  Battle.  lie  is  acultivated  and  polished  preacher, 
and  a  favorite  with  all  denominations,  owing  to  his 
excellent  spirit  and  sound  evangelical  views.  While 
his  sermons,  which  are  usually  written,  are  models 
of  composition,  they  are  elevated  in  thought, 
earnest  in  spirit,  and  chaste  in  expression.  Had 
his  life  been  devoted  to  the  pastorate,  he  would 
have  attained  a  success  rarely  granted  to  ministers; 
for  while  his  preaching  is  pointed,  clear,  evangelical 
in  doctrine,  and  practical  in  teaching,  his  pcrv.isive 
piety,  affectionate  and  sympathetic  nature  and  re- 
fined delicacy,  indicate  the  existence  in  him  of  the 
highest  and  best  attributes  of  a  pastor.  lie  is  a 
scholar  worthy  to  stand  at  the  bead  of  a  noble  in- 
stitution of  learning;  and  he  possesses  adnn'nis- 
trative  ability  which  fits  him  admirably  for  the 
position.  To  great  courtesy  of  manner  he  unites 
firmness  of  purpose,  excellence  of  judgment,  and 
aptness  for  teaching  and  governing  young  men. 
In  person  he  is  six  feet  high.  In  1809,  during  the 
interim  between  the  call  of  Dr.  Warren  and  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  Skinner,  he  was  invited  to  the 
p.astorate  of  the  Macon  church,  and  filled  the  posi- 
tion most  acceptably  and  successfully.  The  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by 
three  institutions, — by  Howard  College,  Ala.,  and 
Columbian  College,  Washington  City,  in  1872,  and 
by  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1873.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  on  the  human  will,  which  has 
elicited  distinguished  commendation,  as  manifest- 


BATTLE 


87 


BATTLE 


ing,  in  a  Iiijih  dei^ree,  the  attributes  of  an  acute  | 
metaphysician ;   wliile,  as  a  belles-lettres  scholar,  j 
he  has  long  been  recognized  as  ranking  among  the 
foremost. 

Battle,  Cullen,  M.D.— Dr.  Battle  was  bom 
in  North  Carolina  in  171S.5,  whore  he  spent  his 
early  manhood  in  the  succossliil  jiracticc  of  his 
profession.  In  1S1.S  he  removed  to  Powelton, 
Ga.,  where  he  retired  from  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine to  attend  to  his  increasing  planting  inter- 
ests. The  cause  of  education,  and  every  public 
interest,  found  in  him  an  ardent  advocate  and  a 
lilieral  benefactor,  lie  was  baptized  in  1S27  by 
Dr.  Jesse  Mercer,  between  wliom  and  Dr.  Battle 
there  subsisted  a  warm  and  lifelong  friendship.  In 
1836  he  removed  to  Eufaula,  Ala.  Here  he  was 
prominent  in  civilizing  and  Christianizing  the  new 
country,  and  in  every  public  work,  and  fostered 
the  Baptist  Church  with  a  wise  and  tender  care. 
In  Tuskegee,  where  he  resided  several  years,  he 
rendered  signal  service  to  the  church,  to  education, 
and  to  every  good  cause.  Always  a  man  of  active 
mind,  positive  character,  unfaltering  energy,  sound 
piety,  and  broad  intelligence,  he  exorcised  great 
influence  among  his  brethren  and  in  society  gen- 
erally. The  hospitality  of  his  home  was  famous. 
Of  great  wealth  and  liberality,  his  contributions  to 
secular  and  religious  enterprises  were  many  and 
munificent.  Mercer  Univei-sity,  of  which  his  son. 
Dr.  A.  J.  Battle,  is  now  president,  received  from 
him  the  largest  sum  for  its  endowment  ever  be- 
stowed on  it  by  any  man,  save  from  its  founder. 
Dr.  Mercer.  He  also  was  a  large  contributor  to 
Howard  College  and  the  East  Alabama  Female 
College.  He  always  exhibited  an  active  zeal  for 
the  welfare  of  the  negro  race.  Dr.  Battle  was  the 
father  of  A.  J.  Battle,  D.D.,  Gen.  C.  A.  Battle, 
of  the  Confederate  army,  and  of  Mrs.  M.  J.  Shorter, 
wife  of  Gov.  Shorter;  and  was  himself  descended 
from  a  highly  honorable  Christian  ancestry.  He 
died  in  Kufaula,  Ala.,  in  1878. 

Battle,  Elisha. — The  ancestor  of  the  large  and 
influential  family  of  Battles  in  North  Carolina, 
Tennessee,  Alabama,  and  Georgia,  was  born  in 
Nansemond  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  0,  1723.  In  1748  he 
removed  to  Tar  River,  Edgecombe  Co.,  N.  C.  ; 
joined  the  Baptist  church,  known  as  Falls  of  Tar 
River,  in  1764,  of  which  he  was  a  deacon  for 
twenty-eight  years.  He  was  often  moderator  of 
the  Kehukee  Association ;  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  for  twenty  years  ;  a  member  of 
the  convention  which  formed  the  State  constitu- 
tion;  and  was  chairman  of  the  convention  when 
the  Federal  Constitution  and  Bill  of  Rights  were 
considered  in  a  committee  of  the  whole.  He  died 
in  1799,  and  Revs.  Gilbert  and  Burkitt  attended  his 
funeral  services,  both  preaching. 

Battle,  Rev.  Henry  W.,  the  gifted  young  pastor 


at  Columbus,  Miss.,  belongs  to   a  distinguished 

family  in  the  South,  being  a  son  of  Maj.-Gen. 
Cullen  A.  Battle,  and  a  nephew  of  A.  J.  Battle, 
D.D.,  president  of  Mercer  University.  He  was 
born  in  Tuskegee,  Ala.,  in  18.5.5,  and  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  at  the  age  of  nineteen  ;  but 
abandoning  the  most  flattering  worldly  pmspects, 
he  entered  the  Soulhern  Baptist  Theological  Sem- 
inary at  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  remained  some 
time,  and  then  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  where  the  suc- 
cess of  his  labors  gives  promise  of  great  future 
usefulness. 

Battle,  Reuben  T.,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1784, 
and  died  Dec.  0,  1n4'.i,  in  the  si.\ty-fil"th  year  of  his 
age.  For  thirty  years  he  was  a  deacon,  and  a 
prominent,  useful,  and  benevolent  man  ;  his  whole 
character  illustrated  the  truths  of  Christianity, 
the  beauty  of  true  piety,  and  the  loveliness  of  char- 
ity. His  largo  wealth  einiblcd  him.  by  his  bene- 
factions, to  aid  greatly  the  cause  of  religion  and 
to  promote  that  of  education.  He  was  a  most  use- 
ful and  enlightened  citizen,  a  kind  and  self-sacri- 
ficing father  and  husband,  and  a  staunch  supporter 
of  the  interests  of  his  denomination. 

His  ancestors  were  Baptists,  who  fled  from  Eng- 
land before  onr  Revolution  lo  avoid  persecution, 
and  his  father,  as  well  as  the  men  of  his  mother's 
family,  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  Ilis  father  and  mother  were  Jesse  Battle 
and  Susanna  Fawcette,  who  resided  in  North  Caro- 
lina when  Reuben  T.  Battle  was  born.  Two  years 
after  that  event  thej'  moved  to  Georgia  and  .>^ettled 
in  Hancock  County,  where  Reuben  grew  up,  in- 
heriting the  homestead.  In  Januarj',  18(K5,  he 
married  Bethiah  Alexander,  by  whom  he  had  three 
daughters,  afterwards  Mrs.  Judge  E.  \.  Nisbet, 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Irwin,  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Ilarley. 

lie  was  converted  at  an  early  age ;  was  baptized 
by  Jesse  Mercer,  and  united  with  the  Powelton 
church,  of  which  ho  remained  an  active  and  influ- 
ential member  until  his  death,  co-operating  heartily 
with  Dr.  Jesse  Mercer,  John  Veazy,  Gov.  Rahm, 
Judge  Thomas  Stock,  and  Thomas  Cooper,  all  men 
of  great  piety  and  religious  zeal.  To  Reuben  T. 
Battle  was  Powelton  mostly  indebted  for  its  excel- 
lent schools,  both  nnilc  and  female,  which  rendered 
the  village  famous  as  a  seat  of  learning.  His  piety 
was  of  a  high  order,  and  both  the  church  and  the 
community  felt  its  influence.  His  hospitality  was 
unbounded,  and  his  large  means  enabled  him  to 
exercise  it  to  the  fullest  extent.  To  the  orphan 
and  widow,  to  the  sick  and  sorrowing,  he  was  most 
attentive,  and  his  relations  t"  liis  numerous  ser- 
vants were  paternal,  about  whose  temporal  and 
spiritual  interests  he  was  always  solicitous.  He 
filled  the  office  of  deacon  well,  having  labored  in 
it  for  thirty  years,  in  conjunction  with  John  Veazy, 


BA  UMES 


88 


BAYLOR 


at  whose  fmin-il  lie  was  takoii  ill,  ami  he  surviveil 
six  days  only.  C'o-laborevs  in  the  Lonl's  vineyavd, 
they  often  to^^ether  visited  the  sick  and  the  afHicted, 
often  mingled  their  jirayers  and  tears,  and  often 
took  sweet  counsel  together  about  the  honor  of 
God  and  the  good  of  man.  Useful  in  life,  mourned 
at  death,  their  memory  is  yet  fragrant  in  the  church 
they  served  faitlifully  for  so  long  a  period. 

Baumes,  John  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Carlisle, 
N.  v..  Di'c.  2S,  1S33;  graduated  with  honor  from 
Madison  University  in  18J7,  and  shortlj'  after  Ijeg.-in 
legal  studies  in  New  York  City.  Being  convinced, 
however,  of  his  duty  to  preach,  he  gave  up  the  law, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1858  returned  to  Hamilton  to 
take  a  theological  course.  Immediately  after  com- 
pleting his  theological  studies,  in  18.')!),  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Westfield,  Mass., 
where  he  was  ordained  and  remained  ten  years. 
In  ISCil,  after  a  short  period  .spent  in  the  chaplaincy 
of  a  New  York  regiment,  became  pastor  of  the 
First  church,  New  London,  Conn.,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1863,  when  tlie  health  of  his  wife 
havingbecome  irnpaireil,  he  removed  to  Springfield, 
O.,  and  assumed  the  charge  of  the  First  churcli  of 
that  city.  Here,  in  a  few  weeks,  Mrs.  Baumes 
died.  A  second  church  being  formed  in  Spring- 
field, Dr.  Baumes  became  its  pastor,  and  labored 
•with  great  success  until  1872. 

In  1872,  Dr.  Baumes  became  editor  an<l  proprie- 
tor of  the  Jiyiivmil  and  Messoujcr,  of  Cincinnati,  0., 
then  in  a  ileclining  state  and  embarrassed  with 
<li'lit.  In  a  few  years  he  succeeded  in  extinguishing 
this  dclit  and  in  greatly  extending  the  field  and 
influence  of  the  paper.  In  187(3  he  sold  his  interest 
to  Dr.  G.  W.  Lasher,  and,  after  a  year  or  two  of 
rest,  began  the  publication  of  the  Baptist  Review, 
B,  C|iinrti'rly  which  has  alr(>a<ly  secured  a  paying 
list  of  subscribers.  Dr.  Baumes  resides  near  Cin- 
cinnati, O. 

"Baxter  Baptized  in  Blood."— About  1073 
Baptists  ill  England  had  evervtiiing  to  bear  that 
could  pain  the  heart  and  make  life  wretched.  In 
that  year,  according  to  Ivimey,  whose  verai;ity  and 
information  are  worthy  of  all  credit,  a  pamphlet 
was  issued  bearing  the  heading  at  the  top  of  this 
article,  and  of  which  he  gives  the  following  sketch  : 

"  This  work,  which  we  have  perused,  gives  an 
account  of  a  barbarous  murder  committed  by  four 
Anabaptists  at  Boston,  New  Kngland,  upon  the 
Ijody  of  agodly  minister  named  Josiah  Baxter,  for  no 
other  reason  than  that  he  h.ad  worsted  them  in  dis- 
putation, which  was  set  forth  with  all  the  circum- 
stances and  formalities  of  names,  speeches,  actions, 
times,  and  place,  to  make  it  look  the  more  authen- 
tic;  orderly  and  most  pathetically  descriljing  the 
most  execrable  murder  that  ever  was  known,  viz., 
of  first  stripping  and  cruelly  whip|)ing,  then  dis- 
emboweling and   flaying  alive   a   sound  and   godly 


minister  in  his  own  house,  in  the  midst  of  the 
bowlings,  groans,  and  shriekings  of  his  dear  rela- 
tions lying  bound  before  him.  And  the  better  to 
create  belief,  this  sad  story  is  pretended  to  bo  pub- 
lished by  the  mournful  brother  of  the  said  mur- 
dered minister,  named  Benjamin  Baxter,  living  in 
Fenchurch  Street,  London.  This  infamous  libel 
concludes  in  the  following  manner :  '  I  have  penned 
and  published  this  narrative  in.  perpelnam  rci  me- 
miiriam.  that  the  world  may  see  the  spirit  of  these 
men,  and  that  it  may  stand  as  an  eternal  memorial 
of  their  crnclli/  and  hatred  to  all  ortliodux  minis- 
ters.' Multitudes  were  thirsting  for  the  blood  of 
our  Baptist  brethren  at  this  time,  and  this  pam- 
phlet, written  by  some  classical  scholar,  was  the 
very  thing  to  enrage  the  whole  nation  against 
them  ;  and  it  bad  that  for  its  object.  After  the 
murder  should  have  taken  place  some  twenty  days, 
a  vessel  sailed  from  Boston  for  London  ;  and  the 
master  of  this  ship  and  three  other  persons  took 
an  affidavit  before  the  Lord  Mayor  that  they  never 
heard  of  Mr.  Josiah  Baxter,  that  there  was  no 
such  murder  reported  in  America,  and  that  they 
believed  the  story  to  be  a  very  great  falsehood.  It 
was  a  murderous  fabrication.  But  so  dang(U-ons  a 
forgery  was  it  that  Mr.  KilDn,  a  man  of  great  wis- 
dom, and  of  much  influence  with  Lord  Clarcnd<m, 
felt  compelled  to  bring  it  before  the  King's  Council ; 
and  so  fitted  to  shed  innocent  blood  by  mob  vio- 
lence was  it  regarded  that  the  Council,  though 
without  any  love  for  Baptists,  issued  an  order 
through  the  Gazette,  which,  after  describing  the 
story,  declared  '  the  whole  matter  to  he  altogether 
false  and  fictitious.'  " 
Bayliss,  Rev.  William  H.,   was  born  near 

Augusta,  Ga.,  in  18U0  ;  oducatcd  at  the  University 
of  Georgia,  Athens  :  practiced  law  many  years  in 
Georgia  and  Mississippi  ;  was  converted  at  Her- 
nando, Miss.,  and  immediately  commenced  preach- 
ing; was  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  the  churches  at  Marshall  and  Waco, 
Texas,  the  church  at  Shreveport,  La.,  and  Coliseum 
Place  church.  New  Orleans :  in  all  served  twelve 
churches.  He  was  president  of  the  Bible  Board, 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  at  Nashville,  and  also 
of  Louisiana  Baptist  Convention.  He  was  a  man 
of  noble  presence,  and  possessed  oratorical  gifts  of 
the  highest  order.  His  labors  in  Mississiiipi,  Ten- 
nessee, Louisiana,  and  Tex.as  were  productive  of 
great  good  in  bringing  souls  to  Christ. 

Baylor  Female  College,  Independence,  AVash- 
ington  Co.,  Texas.  Until  1800  this  institution  con- 
stituted "  The  Female  Department  of  Baylor  Uni- 
versity." It  is  located  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
from  it.  It  has  educateil  a  large  number  of  the 
most  ]irominent  women  of  Texas,  and  sustains  the 
reputation  of  a  first-class  female  college.  Its  build- 
ings,  apparatus,   and   library   are  superior.      For 


BAYLOR 


89 


BA  VNHAM 


nineteen  years  Horace  Clark,  LL.D.,  was  its  presi- 
dent. Ilis  successors  liave  been  B.  S.  Fitzgerald, 
A.M.,  Rev.  Henry  L.  Graves,  A.M.,  Col.  W.  W. 
Fontaine,  A.M.,  and  Rev.  William  Royall,  D.D. 
In  ISTcS,  Rev.  J.  H.  Luther,  D.D.,  was  elected  presi- 
dent. It  sustains  a  relation  to  the  Texas  Baptist 
State  Convention  similar  to  that  of  Baylor  Uni- 
versity.    It  had  90  pupils  for  the  year  1877-78. 

Baylor,  Hon.  R.  E.  B.,  was  born  in  Bourbon 
Co.,  Ky.,  May  10,  1791  ;  studied  law  in  Kentucky  ; 


HON".    R.    E.    B.    BAVl.OR. 

was  deeply  impressed  by  the  preaching  of  Jere- 
miah Vardcman,  whom  he  consiilcrcd  a  pulpit  orator 
of  the  first  grade,  lie  removi'd  to  Alabama,  and 
practiced  law  at  Cahaba  and  Tuscaloosa.  Was  a 
member  of  the  U.  S.  Congress  from  the  Tuscaloosa 
district  for  two  terms.  He  was  converted  in  Tal- 
lailcga  County  in  1839,  and  was  lii-ensed  to  preach. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  removed  to  Texas.  Partici- 
pated in  the  struggles  against  Mi'xicans  and  In- 
dians in  1 842-4+.  Served  in  the  Texan  Congress, 
and  for  twenty-five  years  was  a  judge  of  the  Cir- 
cuit Court,  embracing  Washington,  Fayette,  and 
other  leading  counties  of  the  State.  For  a  short 
time  lie  was  on  the  Supreme  Court  bench.  Wherever 
he  lielil  courts  he  thm-o  also  preached,  often  decid- 
ing cases  on  the  bench  during  the  day  and  holding 
«  protracted  meeting  at  night.  He  was  a  man  of 
commanding  presence,  fine  oratorical  powers,  genial 
disposition,  and  attractive  manners.  His  religious 
character  aided  liim  no  little  in  his  judicial  career, 
at  a  time  and  among  a  people  accustomed  to  vio- 
lence, lawlessness,  ami  misrule.  He  thoroughly 
identified  himsi'lf  with  the  |ie(i|ili'  iif  God  wherever 


he  went.  He  served  as  moderator  of  the  Union 
Association,  president  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Baylor  Uni- 
versity at  different  times.  Baylor  University  was 
named  after  him.  He  and  William  M.  Tryon  drew 
up  and  procured  the  enactment  of  its  charter,  and 
he  gave  to  the  institution  its  first  ?IOtX)  at  a  time 
when  money  was  exceedingly  scarce  in  the  young 
republic.  The  last  ten  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
chiefiy  in  attending  religious  meetings.  lie  died 
Dec.  30,  1873,  and  his  remains  are  Ijuried  a  short 
distance  in  the  rear  of  the  first  edifice  erected  for 
the  institution  named  after  him.  His  memory  is 
precious  among  all  cla.9.ses  of  people  in  the  State 
of  Texas. 

Baylor  TJniversity,  Independence.  Washington 
Co.,  Texas,  was  chartered  by  the  republic  of  Texas 
in  184.").  Its  locatitm  is  unsurpassed  in  Texas  for 
society,  salubrity,  and  scenery.  It  has  educated 
in  whole  or  in  part  over  3000  persons.  Many  of 
the  most  prominent  ministers  of  the  gospel,  law- 
yers, physicians,  merchants,  and  planters  in  Texas 
were  trained  in  this  institution.  It  had  in  1878  a 
corps  of  0  instructors,  2  professorships,  endowed 
in  part,  94  students,  and  a  valuable  library.  The 
societv  and  officers'  libraries  contain  about  30<IO 
volumes.  The  value  of  its  grounds,  buihlings.  etc., 
is  estimated  at  S35,000.  The  amount  pmpo.sed  to 
be  raised  for  endowment  is  S'200.()(K),  and  for  other 
buildings  S25,000.  Its  presidents  have  been  Rev. 
Henry  L.  Graves.  A.M.,  Rev.  R.  C.Burleson.  D.D., 
Rev.  George  W.  Baines,  A.M.  The  present  incum- 
bent, Rev.  William  Carey  Crane,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  has 
been  president  since  July,  1863.  The  standard  of 
education  is  equal  to  that  of  the  principal  American 
institutions,  and  a  special  course  is  promised  for 
young  men  studying  for  the  gospel  ministry.  An- 
nual tuition  is  from  S.30  to  SfiO.  The  average 
age  of  students  is  higher  than  any  other  Texas 
college,  being  near  nineteen  years.  The  Texas 
Baptist  State  Convention  appoints  five  of  its  trus- 
tees annually,  and  receives  its  yearly  report. 

Ba3mham,  Rev.  William  A.,  M.D.,  wasbornin 
Essex  Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1X13.  His  father  was  Dr. 
William  Baynham,  F.R.S.L.,  also  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. Young  Baynham  received  a  thorough  early 
training  in  several  of  the  best  schools  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, and  in  1828  entered  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, although  under  the  age  recpiired  by  the 
regulations  of  that  institution,  continuing  three 
years  in  the  literary  schools.  an<I  the  remainder  of 
the  time,  up  to  1S34.  attcniling  lectures  in  the  medi- 
cal schools,  and  taking  his  degree  in  medicine  in 
that  year.  In  the  fall  of  1834  he  went  to  Phila- 
delphia, and  attended  medical  lectures  there  until 
1836.  In  1834  he  professed  a  hope  in  Christ,  and 
in  18.'^.')  became  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  ChuKdi  ; 
but  on  a  change  of  views  respecting  baptism  and 


BEALL 


91 


BECK 


other  doctrines,  was  bixptizeJ  by  the  Rev.  A.  D.  Gil- 
lette, D.I).,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Sanson)  Street 
Biiptistcliurch,  Philiidelphin,  in  Feltruary,  1S.36.  In 
the  same  year  lie  returned  to  Virf;inia,  and  united 
with  the  Enon  Bapti.st  cluirch,  Bssex  County.  lie 
practiced  medicine  for  one  year  only  ;  was  then 
ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1842  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Enon  church,  which  he  ac- 
cepted, and  which  he  has  faithfully  served  to  the 
present  time.  In  lS.j4,  Dr.  Biiyiiliam  also  took 
charge  of  the  Upper  Zion  eluiruh,  Caroliiia  County, 
where  lie  still  preaches,  and  in  addilimi  to  which 
he  has  supplied  two  other  fields  of  labor,  lie  occa- 
sionally contributes  to  the  Iletiijimis  Herald;  has 
been  for  some  years  a  trustee  of  Richmond  College, 
and  at  different  times  connecte<l  with  one  ur  more 
of  the  denominational  boards. 

Beall,  Hon.  R.  L.  T.,  was  born  in  Westmore- 
land Co.,  Va.,  May  2'2,  1819,  and  after  pursuinj; 
his  studies  in  the  neighborinjr  schools,  entered 
Dickinson  College,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  about 
a  year  and  a  half.  He  then  pursued  the  study  of 
law  at  home  for  about  eighteen  months;  entered 
the  law  school  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  where 
he  graduated  in  l.S.'iS,  and  began  the  practice  of  bis 
profession  in  1839.  Although  averse  to  politics, 
being  the  only  Democratic  lawyer  in  the  two  couu- 
ties  when  he  practiced  law,  he  was  obliged  to 
answer  all  Whig  orators  who  chanced  to  speak  in 
that  district.  lie  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress 
in  1847,  but  dei-lined  a  re-election.  In  IS.iOhewas 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  convention  to  reform  the 
State  constitution  of  Virginia;  and  in  18.J9  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  same  State,  in  which  he 
served  two  sessions  and  then  resigned.  In  1861,  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  Mr.  Beall  joined,  as  a 
private,  a  cavalry  company,  and  was  soitn  elected" 
first  lieutenant.  He  received  in  1801  commissions 
of  captain  and  then  major  from  the  State;  in  1862 
commissions  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  from 
the  Confederate  States;  and  in  186.5  that  of  briga- 
dier-general. He  was  a  most  efficient  officer  and 
was  wouniled  several  times.  ,\t  the  close  of  the 
war  he  returned  to  his  pr.actico,  and  in  1S7S  was 
nominated  for  Congress.  Mr.  Beall  was  baptized 
by  his  eldest  son,  the  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Beall,  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Maohedoe  church,  Va.,  in  1873. 
He  is  deeply  interested  in  all  denominational 
movements,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  pro- 
ceedings of  district  and  State  Associations.  He 
holds  the  position  of  vice-presi<lpnt  of  the  (ieneral 
Association  of  Virginia,  and  also  of  the  Ilistotical 
Society.  Mr.  Beall  was  a  contributor  to  that  ex- 
cellent magazine,  the  Southern  Liferari/  Afesnetiger. 
and  has  written  occasionally  for  the  press,  both 
secular  and  religious.  He  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Lucy  M.  Brown,  of  Westmoreland  Co., 
Va.,  May  28,1840. 


Beaver  Dam. — The  seat  of  Wayland  Academy, 

on  the  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad,  61  miles 
northwest  of  Milwaukee,  the  commercial  centre  of 
one  of  the  richest  portions  of  Wisconsin.  To  the 
Baptists  of  Wisconsin  the  place  is  associated  with 
the  early  struggles  of  the  denomination  in  found- 
ing and  establishing  its  institution  of  learning, — 
Wayland  Academy. 

Beck,  Rev.  Andrew  J.,  a  trustee  of  Menei 

Univoisity,  was  burn  in  Hancock  Co.,  fla.,  in  18.00. 
A  regular  graduate  of  Mercer  University  ;  soon 
after  graduation  he  edited  an  agricultural  paper 
in  Atlanta  for  some  time,  but  feeling  himself  called 
to  preach,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He 
was  prevailed  upon,  however,  to  accept  the  posi- 
tion of  principal  of  the  Perry  High  School,  which 
he  held  for  several  years,  but  declining  health  com- 
pelled him  to  abanclon  the  school-room  and  engage 
in  the  more  active  labors  of  a  secular  life  until 
sufficiently  restored  to  perform  pastoral  labor. 
After  serving  the  Marietta  church  for  some  years, 
he  became  connected  with  the  e<litoriaI  corps  of 
the  Christian  Index;  afterwards  moving  to  Mil- 
ledgeville,  the  old  cafiital  of  the  State,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church. — a  responsible  posi- 
tion, the  duties  of  which  he  still  discharges.  Mr. 
Beck  is  a  fine  thinker,  a  good  preacher  and  pastor, 
and  one  of  the  rising  ministers  of  Georgia, 

Beck,  Hon.  Joseph  Marcus,  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  Cler- 
mont Co.,  0.,  near  the  village  of  Bethel.  April  21, 
1823.  His  family  removed  to  JeBerson  Co.,  Ind., 
in  October,  1834.  He  was  educated  at  Hanover 
College,  Ind.,  read  law  in  Madison,  in  the  office 
of  Judge  Miles  C.  Eggleston,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1846.  May  1,  1847,  he  liecame  a  resi- 
dent of  Iiiwa,  and  soon  after  settled  in  Montrose. 
In  18,')()  he  removed  to  Fort  Madison,  of  which  he 
is  still  a  citizen.  He  was  .actively  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  the  law  until  1807,  when  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  ha.<» 
been  continued  in  the  position  by  two  subsetpient 
elections.  He  was  chosen  to  the  bench  of  the 
Supreme  Court  from  the  bar,  having  previously 
held  no  judicial  or  other  public  offices,  except  those 
of  mayor  of  Fort  Madison  and  prosecuting  attor- 
ney of  Lee  County.  The  parents  and  grandparents 
of  Judge  Beck  were  Baptists.  His  mother's  father, 
Isaac  Morris,  was  born  in  Wales,  and  was  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  prominence  in  Harrison  Co.,  Va.  ; 
he  was  the  father  of  Thomas  Morris,  a  U.  S.  Sena- 
tor of  Ohio,  Judge  Beck  was  baptized  in  1842, 
becoming  a  member  of  the  church  in  Madison. 
Ind.,  and  he  was  the  superintendent  of  its  Sundae - 
.school  while  he  was  a  law  student.  lie  was  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Fort  Madison 
church.  He  has  been,  for  more  than  eleven  years, 
the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  connected 


BECK 


92 


BEUDOME 


with  the  Iowa  State  Penitentiary  at  Fort  Madison, 
and  for  twenty  years  he  has  been  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Burlington  Collegiate  In- 
stitute. 

Beck,  Rev.  Levi  G.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Aug.  20,  l.sU);  liaptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Fourth  Baptist  church  of  that  city  in  Septem- 
ber, 1830;  licensed  to  preach  Aug.  5,  1833;  or- 
dained in  January,  1835;  labored  two  years  as  a 
missionary  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  during  which 
the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church  was  organized 
and  their  meeting-house  erected.  In  1836  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  eliurcli  at  Milestiiwn,  Pa.  In 
18.3'.t  fie  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Upper  Free- 
hold, Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.  In  February,  1844,  lie 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  in  1849  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  Flemington,  N.  J.  In  IS.')1  he  removed 
to  I'liiladi'lphia  and  took  the  oversight  of  the  North 
Baptist  church,  and  superintended  the  erection  of 
their  church  edifice.  He  removed  to  New  Britain, 
Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  and  succeeded  in  remodeling  and 
enlarging  their  house  of  worship.  In  1859  he  was 
called  to  the  church  in  Pemberton,  N.  J.,  and  he 
had  tlie  pleasure  of  seeing  their  ))resent  commodi- 
ous house  of  worship  erected  and  paid  for.  In 
1864  he  removed  to  Chester,  Pa.,  the  First  church 
then  numbering  but  28  members;  and  in  about 
two  years  a  handsome  house  of  worship,  46  by  80 
feet,  was  erected,  paid  for,  and  occupied  by  a  good 
congregation.  In  1866  he  became  secretary  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association,  and 
held  the  office  for  fourteen  years,  to  the  great  ad- 
vantage of  the  cause  of  Christ  in  Penn.sylvania. 
Mr.  Beck  succeeded  in  every  place  where  he  labored, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  purest  and  most  devoted  men 
known  to  the  writer. 

Beck,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Bun- 
combe Co.,  N.  C,  Dec.  2,  18(15,  of  pious  parents. 
On  reaching  his  majority  he  moved  to  Wilkes  Co., 
Ga.,  where  he  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1833, 
joining  the  Rehoboth  church.  He  was  ordained  at 
New  Providence  church,  in  Warren  County,  in 
1835,  and,  during  a  ministerial  career  of  twenty- 
seven  years,  preached  to  various  churches  in  AVar- 
ren.  McDuffie,  Columbia,  Taliaferro,  Greene,  and 
Wilkes  Counties.  At  his  death  he  had  charge  of 
four  churches.  He  died  in  AVarren  Co.,  Ga.,  Sept. 
2,  1862,  at  the  age  of  fifty-six. 

The  chief  features  of  his  character  were  firmness, 
boldness,  humility,  modesty,  sincerity,  and  kind- 
ness. Utterly  free  from  envy,  he  praised  the  worthy 
deeds  and  superior  talents  of  others.  He  was 
lionest  "in  the  scriptural  sense  of  the  term,  and 
there  was  nothing  mean  or  selfish  in  his  nature. 
He  was  very  successful  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus 
and  in  building  up  and  strengthening  the  churches 
he  served,  and,  according  to  his  talents  and  educa- 


tion, few  have  done  more  for  the  denomination  in 
Georgia  than  he.  He  was  a  true  Baptist,  and  in 
hearty  sympathy  with  the  great  principles  and  doc- 
trines which  are  peculiar  to  our  (lenominati(m.  He 
was  a  diligent  student  of  the  Bible  and  a  very 
etrective  speaker,  delivering  what  he  had  to  say  in 
an  earnest,  hearty,  straightforward  manner.  As  a 
pastor  he  had  few  superiors.  Not  many  ministers 
were  more  successful  than  he  in  building  up 
churches  and  in  establishing  and  utilizing  their 
membership.  He  always  left  his  churches  in  a 
better  condition  than  they  were  when  he  took 
charge  of  them.  He  was  greatly  beloved  and  es- 
teemed as  a  pastor,  as  a  Christian,  as  a  neighbor, 
and  as  a  man,  and  in  every  relation  which  he 
sustained  his  life  was  a  blessing.  In  his  family 
his  Christian  life  shone  most  brightly,  and  his  walk 
with  God  appeared  most  intimate.  He  looked  care- 
fully after  the  salvation  of  his  children,  and  before 
his  death  had  the  pleasure  of  liaptizing  all  but 
one,  who,  then  only  ten  years  old,  was  afterwards 
baptized  at  fourteen.  In  his  life  we  have  a  striking 
exemplification  of  the  truth  that  in  obedience  to 
and  in  close  communion  with  God  lie  the  true 
secret  of  success  and  usefulness  in  the  service  of 
Christ.  Mr.  Beck  always  appeared  before  his  peo- 
ple as  if  he  had  just  come  out  from  the  presence 
of  God,  and  his  hearers  received  his  messages 
gladly,  and  many  of  them  were  converted. 

Beckwith,  Mayhew,  was  a  governor  of  Acadia 
College,  a  memlier  of  the  Nova  Scotia  House  of 
Assembly,  the  treasurer  of  the  Ba]itist  Hume  Jlis- 
sionary  Board,  and  a  warm  friend  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  He  died  at  Cornwallis  in  1871, 
aged  seventy-two  years. 

Beddome,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  bom  at  Ilen- 
le\',  England,  Jan.  23,  1717.  He  was  bajitized  in 
London  in  1739.  He  was  educated  at  Brist"!  Col- 
lege and  at  the  Independent  College,  iMilrnd,  Lon- 
don. He  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  at 
Bourton-on-the-Water,  Sept.  23,  1743.  He  con- 
tinued pastor  of  this  church  till  Sept.  3,  1797,  when 
he  rested  from  his  labors  and  entered  the  church 
in  glory. 

Mr.  Beddome  was  accustomed  to  prepare  a  hymn 
to  be  sung  every  Lord's  day  after  his  morning  ser- 
mon. These  compositions  were  collected  when  he 
died  and  published  in  a  volume,  and  since  that 
time  they  have  been  placed  in  most  selections  of 
hymns  in  the  English  language.  For  the  last  eight 
years  of  his  life  he  gave  away  in  charitable  con- 
tributions the  entire  money  he  received  as  salary 
for  his  services. 

"In  his  preaching  he  laid  Christ  at  the  founda- 
tion of  religion  as  the  support  of  it;  he  placed  him 
at  the  top  of  it  as  its  glory  ;  and  he  made  him 
the  I'entre  of  it,  to  unite  all  its  parts,  and  to  add 
beauty  and  vigor  to  the  whole."     "  His  inventive 


BEKBEE 


93 


BEECH 


faculty  was  extraordinary,  and  threw  an  endleHS 
vaiiety  into  his  pulilic  services.  Nature,  pri)vi- 
donce,  and  grace  had  formed  him  for  eminence  in 
the  church  of  Clirist."  lie  was  loved  and  honored 
by  the  whole  Baptist  denomination  in  England  and 
America  in  hia  day.  Rliode  Island  College,  now 
known  as  Brown  University,  gave  him  the  honorary 
di'gree  of  A.M.  Three  volumes  of  his  sermons 
were  pulilislieil  after  his  death. 

Beebee,  Alexander  M.,  D.D.,  son  of  Alexander 
M.  Beebee,  LL.D.,  of  the  New  York  Baptist  liegis- 
ter,  was  born  in  Utica,  Feb.  6,  182U ;  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1847,  and  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1849;  pastor  in  Jordan,  N.  Y., 
1840-50 ;  1850,  Professor  of  Logic  and  English 
Literature  in  Madison  Univei'sity;  Lecturer  on 
Sacred  Rhetoric,  1857-01  ;  at  present  Professor  of 
Ilomiletics  in  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and 
Professor  of  Logic  in  .Madison  University. 

Beebee,  Alexander  M.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Sept.  29,  1783.    He  graduated  with 


ALEX.V.VDER    U.    BEEBEE,    I.L.D. 

honor  at  Columbia  College,  N.  Y.,  in  the  class  of 
1802.  After  leaving  college  Mr.  Beebee  studied 
law  with  Ogden  Hoffman.  Sr.,  having  AV'ashiiigton 
Irving  and  .James  K.  Paulding  as  fellow-students. 
With  Mr.  Irving  he  formed  a  friendship  which  only 
death  ended.  He  practiced  law  in  New  York  till 
1807,  when  he  transferred  his  business  to  Skan- 
eateles.  There  he  followed  his  profession  for  fif- 
teen years,  and  became  a  leading  member  of  the 
bar  of  Onondaga  County. 

AVhile  living  in  Skaneateles  he  lost  his  firstchild, 
and  liis  distressed  heart  found  no  rest  till  Jesus  in- 


spired in  it  the  hope  of  heaven.  He  joined  a  Bapt'st 
church  seven  miles  from  his  residence,  the  nearest 
one  to  his  house.  Now  the  legal  profession  had 
lost  its  attractions.  In  1824  there  was  no  Baptist 
newspaper  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  only 
three  or  four  in  the  United  States.  In  1825,  Mr. 
Beebee  accepted  the  editorship  of  a  very  small  sheet 
called  tlie  Baptist  Register,  and  soon  the  paper  in- 
creased in  size  and  in  subscribers,  and  it  became  a 
great  blessing  to  the  rapidly-growing  Baptist  de- 
nomination in  Central  New  York.  Mr.  Beebee 
conducted  the  Register  until  a  short  period  before 
his  death,  in  November,  1856.  "  Mr.  Beebee  was 
one  of  the  noblest  and  gentlest  of  men.  a  burning 
and  a  shining  light  in  our  Zion.  He  belonged  liy 
birth  and  social  position  to  the  aristocracy  of  intel- 
lect and  wealth  in  the  metropolis.  He  was  a  man  of 
broad  intellect,  generous  culture.''  childlike  faith, 
and  boundless  charity,  and  of  such  loyalty  to  Christ 
that  he  would  sacrifice  nithing  which  he  taught  for 
the  gift  of  a  globe  or  the  smiles  of  all  humanity. 
In  ls52  Madison  University  conferred  the  degree 
of  LL.n.  upnn  .Mr.  Berbee. 

Beech,  Rev.  Henry  Hudson. — The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.  He  is  a  native  of  Eaton, 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  in  1843. 
He  spent  his  childhood  and  youth  in  Eaton  and 
Ilaiuilton,  N.  Y.,  and  when  older,  on  a  farm,  in 
Augusta,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  Having  decided  the 
question  of  his  call  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  he 
began  a  course  of  study  when  yet  under  twenty 
years  of  age  with  that  end  in  view.  He  was  grad- 
uated from  Shurtleff  College,  111.,  in  the  class  of  1 806, 
and  from  Newton  Theological  Seminary.  Newton 
Centre,  Mass.,  in  the  class  of  1869.  In  January, 
1870,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Market  Street  Baptist 
church  in  Zanesville,  0.,  where  he  began  the  ac- 
tive work  of  his  ministry  as  the  stated  supply  of 
that  church.  His  first  pastorate  was  with  the  .Syca- 
more Street  Baptist  church  (now  Grand  Avenue), 
Milwaukee.  Leaving  Milwaukee,  he  had  two  pas- 
torates in  Minnesota, — at  Owatonna  and  Lake  City. 
Returning  in  1877  to  Wisconsin,  he  settled  as  the 
pastor  of  the  Baf)tist  church  in  Sheboygan  Falls, 
his  present  field  of  labor.  During  the  war  he  en- 
listed as  a  private  in  the  133d  Regiment,  Illinois 
Volunteers,  in  which  he  served  100  days. 

Mr.  Beech  is  an  earnest  and  faithful  minister  of 
the  gospel  and  a  good  pastor.  His  preaching  is 
pointed,  vigorous,  and  searching.  He  aboumls  in 
evangelical  fervor  and  earnestness.  He  has  a 
clear  cimception  of  the  distinctive  doctrines  of  the 
church  of  which  he  is  a  minister.  He  has  a  hearty 
style  of  writing  and  speaking  that  arrests  attention 
and  wins  favor.  He  is  the  popular  and  valuable 
secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, in  whose  work  he  takes  a  deep  interest. 


BELCHEli 


94 


BENEDICT 


Belcher,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Birmin<:- 
liiiin.  Kngliind,  April  .'>,  17'J4.  In  1N14  he  put  his 
trust  in  Jesus  as  liis  Saviour,  and  in  1819  he  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Somershain. 
He  was  pastor  of  several  churches  in  England,  and 
he  founded  one.  In  IH44  he  crossed  the  Atlantic 
and  visited  the  United  States.  He  became  pastor 
that  year  of  a  Baptist  cliurcli  in  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia ;  three  years  later  he  took  charge  of  the 
Mount  Tabor  church,  Philadelphia. 

He  edited  the  complete  works  of  Andrew  Fuller, 
and  was  the  autlior  of  the  following:  "The  Re- 
ligious Denominations  of  the  United  States,"  Lives 
of  Carey,  Whitefield,  the  HaKlanes.  and  Robert 
Raikes,  and  also  of  '"  The  Tri-Jubilee  Sermon  of 
the  Philadelphia  Association." 

"His  store  of  facts,  anecdotes,  and  illustrations 
was  inexhaustible,  he  abounded  in  useful  sugges- 
tions, his  conversation  was  full  of  instruction  and 
wisdom." 

His  death  was  eminently  peaceful.  When  a 
dear  one  inquired,  "  Is  Jesus  precious  to  you 
now?"  he  replied  with  energy,  "  Yes,  ten  thousand 
times  more  precious  than  ever." 

Belden,  Rev.  Clarendon  Dwight,  A.M.,  son 
of  Deacon  Stanton  and  Antoinette  P.  (Manchester) 
Belden,  was  born  in  North  Providence,  R.  I.,  May 
3,  1848;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  18G9; 
studied  theology  at  Crozer  Theological  Seminary  ; 
was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  Philadel- 
phia; now  settled  a.s  pastor  in  Austin,  Minn., 
where  be  has  bcin  greatly  prospered. 

Belden,  Deacon  Stanton,  A.M.,  son  of  Martin 
and  Prudence  (Shales)  Belden,  was  born  in  Sandis- 
field,  Mass.,  Jan.  15,  1808  ;  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Colebrook,  Conn.,  under  Rev.  Rufus 
Bttbcock,  in  1822;  gr;\duated  at  Yale  College  in 
1833;  founded  the  Fruit  Hill  Classical  Institute, 
in  North  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1835,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  four  years,  remained  the  honored  and 
successful  principal  till  1861,  receiving  students 
from  all  parts  of  the  world  except  Asia ;  was  or- 
dained deacon  of  the  Fruit  Hill  Baptist  church. 

Bell,  A.  K.,  D.D.,  was  bom  Dec.  9,  1815,  in 
Blair  Co.,  Pa.  He  was  renewed  by  divine  grace 
when  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Logan's  A' alley  Baptist 
church.  He  graduated  at  Washington  College, 
Pa.,  in  1842.  He  was  ordained  the  same  year  in 
Pittsburgh.  His  first  pastorate  was  in  Ilollidays- 
burg,  and  the  second  in  Logan's  Valley.  In  1854 
he  accepted  the  office  of  treasurer  and  general 
agent  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  In  18.59 
lie  became  pastor  of  the  Sandusky  Street  church, 
Alleghany  City,  one  of  the  strongest  churches  in 
the  State.  In  1865  he  received  the  title  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Lewisburg.  In  1870  failing  health 
compelled  him  to  resign  his  pastorate.     In  1871  he 


visited  Europe,  and  on  his  return  spent  several 
years  in  llollidaysburg,  preaching,  and  jiart  of  the 
time  being  pastor  in  Altoona.  In  1878  he  resumed 
his  old  position  as  treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Baptist  University. 

Dr.  Bell  belongs  to  a  family  full  of  generous 
impulses  and  deeds,  and  he  bears  the  stamp  of  his 
near  kindred.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  a  devout 
Christian,  a  blameless  man,  and  a  successful  pas- 
tor. 

Benedict,  David,  D.D.,  the  Baptist  historian, 
was  born  in  Norwalk.  Conn.,  Oct.  10,  1779.     His 


D.WID    BENEDlrX,    D.U. 

love  for  historical  reading  and  investigation  de- 
veloped itself  in  early  life.  At  twenty  he  made  a 
profession  of  his  fiiith  in  Christ.  Religion  did  for 
him  what  it  has  done  for  so  many  thousands  of 
others, — quickened  his  intellectual  nature,  and 
made  him  aspire  after  something  elevating.  He 
entered  Brown  University,  where  he  graduated  in 
1806.  Soon  after  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  where  he  re- 
mained twenty-five  years.  During  all  this  time  he 
had  been  busy  in  gathering,  from  every  part  of  the 
country,  the  materials  out  of  which  to  form  a  com- 
prehensive history  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
and  had  sent  to  press  several  volumes  relating  to 
the  subject  of  his  investigations.  After  retiring 
from  his  pa-storate,  he  gave  himself  with  great  dili- 
gence to  the  work  of  completing  the  task  he  had 
undertaken.  He  felt  it  to  be  his  special  vocation 
to  do  this  work,  and  he  m.ade  everything  bend  to 
its  accomplishment.  Among  his  published  writings 
are  the  following  :  "  History  of  the  Baptists,"  1813  ; 


BENEDWT 


95 


BEKEDICT 


"  Abridgn^nt  of  Robinson's  History  of  Baptism,'' 
1817;  ■' Abridgment  of  History  of  tlie  Baptists," 
1820;  "History  of  all  Religions,"  1824;  "History 
of  the  Baptists  Continued,"  184S:  "Fifty  Years 
among  the  Baptists,"  1860.  He  wrote  also  a  his- 
tory of  the  Donatists,  which  was  completed  just 
before  he  was  ninety-five  years  of  age.  and  which, 
since  his  death,  has  been  printed.  All  through  his 
life  he  was  in  the  habit  of  w^riting  much  for  the 
public  press.  He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  found- 
ing of  various  religious  organizations  in  his  de- 
nomination, in  promoting  the  cause  of  education, 
in  the  forruation  of  new  churches,  etc.  He  carried 
the  habits  of  hard  work,  which  he  had  formed  in 
the  maturity  of  his  years,  down  to  the  close  of  life. 
He  was  remarkably  favored  with  good  eyesight, 
and  his  vision  wivs  unimpaired  to  the  last.     At  the 


had  grown  so  large,  that  hewent  out  With  a  colony 
and  founded  a  church  in  Norfolk  Street.  His  la- 
bors were  blessed  with  great  prosperity,  but  in  the 
height  of  his  power  and  usefulness,  and  in  the 
prime  of  life,  he  passed  away,  lamented  by  all  who 
knew  him.  He  was  a  natural  orator,  devoted  to 
his  work,  social  in  manner,  fervid,  zealous,  and 
persuasive.  His  place  was  always  thronged,  and 
conversions  and  baptisms  were  continuous  during 
the  seventeen  years  of  his  labor  in  the  last-named 
churches. 

Benedict  Institute,  The,  is  located  at  Colum- 
bia, S.  C  The  house  is  6.5  feet  wide  and  the  same 
depth.  It  is  two  stories  high  ;  it  has  a  wide  ve- 
randa. It  is  located  in  a  beautiful  park  of  80  acres, 
full  of  fine  trees;  it  has  numerous  out-buildings. 
It  is  chiefly  the  generous  gift  of  Deacon  Benedict, 


THE    BE.NEDICT    INSTITUTE,  COLUMBIA,  S.  C. 


time  of  his  death  he  had  been  the  senior  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Brown  University  for 
sixteen  years,  and  had  been  in  the  corporation  for 
fifty-six  years.  Dr.  Benedict  died  at  Pawtucket, 
Dec.  5,  1874,  having  reached  the  great  age  of  ninety- 
five  years  one  month  and  twenty-five  d.nys. 

Benedict,  Ber.  George,  a  Baptist  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Southeast,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April 
15,  1795,  and  died  Oct.  28,  1848.  His  youthful 
days  were  spent  with  his  parents  in  Danbury, 
Conn.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place  in  the  twenty-second  year  of  bis  age.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  May  12,  1822.  and  in  1823 
was  settled  and  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church. 
He  served  the  church  in  Danbury  eight  years,  when 
he  accepted  the  charge  of  the  Stanton  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  of  New  York,  a  new  interest  of  only 
about  200  members.     After  ten  years  the  church 


of  Rhode  Island,  and  his  noble  wife,  for  the  Chris- 
tian educatinn  of  colored  ministers. 

Benedict,  Deacon  Stephen,  son  of  Thomas  and 
Zelota  (Sprague)  Benedict,  was  born  in  Milton, 
Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  15,  1801  ;  removed  to  Paw- 
tucket, R.  I.,  and  became  a  manufacturer  of  cotton 
goods  ;  for  thirty-seven  years  a  partner  with  Hon. 
Joseph  Wood  ;  afterwards  conducted  the  business 
alone  ;  industrious,  careful,  and  successful ;  united 
early  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Pawtucket, 
under  his  half-brother.  Rev.  David  Benedict,  D.D. ; 
a  deacon  of  the  church  about  twenty-five  years; 
president  of  two  banks;  a  man  of  superior  judgment, 
and  highly  esteemed ;  died  Dec.  25,  1868,  nearly 
sixty-eight  years  of  age ;  left  in  his  will,  among 
other  worthy  legacies.  $20(X)  to  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  to  which  his  devoted 
and  excellent  widow  has  added,  at  different  times, 


BENJAMIN 


96 


BENTLY 


sums  now  amounting  to  about  $30,000,  with  which 
has  been  purchased,  and  largely  sustained,  the 
widely-known  Benedict  Institute  in  Columbia,  S.  C, 
for  the  education  of  the  freedmen ;  and  donations 


DEACON    STEPHEN    BENEDICT. 

by  this  widow  of  about  SIOOO  a  year  are  still  con- 
tinued. Really,  the  Benedict  Institute  is  her  work, 
and  should  be  counted  in  history  as  a  monument  to 
her  largeness  of  heart  and  her  Christian  benevo- 
lence. 

Benjamin,  Rev.  Jndson,  was  bom  in  Rodnmn, 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  2,  1819.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity, in  the  classof  1846.  He  took  a  partial  course 
of  study  at  the  Newton  Theolcigicnl  Institutiim ; 
was  ordained  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  Oct.  13,  1H48. 
Having  received  an  appointment  as  a  missionary, 
he  sailed  from  Boston,  Oct.  21,  1848,  and  arrived  at 
Tavoy,  in  Burmah,  April  9,  1849.  In  March,  18.50, 
he  removed  to  Mergui,  where  he  devoted  himself 
specially  to  the  work  of  the  conversion  of  the  Ta- 
laings.  Mergui  was  given  up  as  a  station  in  18.53, 
and  Mr.  Benjamin  was  transferred  to  Maulmain. 
He  returned  to  his  native  country  in  18.54,  and  died 
at  Boston,  Feb.  20,  1855. 

Bennett,  Rev,  Alfred,  was  born  in  Mansfield, 
Conn.,  .Sept.  26,  1780.  In  his  eighteenth  year,  in 
a  powerful  revival  of  religion  with  which  Mansfield 
was  blessed,  he  was  drawn  to  .Jesus  by  the  Spirit 
of  God.  He  was  baptized  in  February,  18(X),  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Hampton.  In 
February,  1803,  he  became  a  resident  of  Homer, 
Courtland  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  little  church  of  Homer,  June  18,  1807.  He 
was  visited  with  great  revivals  of  religion,  the  result 


of  no  imported  human  agency,  but  of  the  special 
power  of  the  divine  Spirit  upon  the  prayers  and 
labors  of  pastor  and  people.  This  required  a  larger 
edifice  in  1812;  and  in  1827  it  rendered  necessary 
the  sending  forth  of  two  colonies  as  churches,  one 
locating  at  Cortland  and  the  other  at  McGrawville. 

He  rendered  much  service  as  a  missionary  in  the 
"  Holland  Purchase,"  and  in  Tioga,  Steulien,  and 
Allegany  Counties,  lie  was  one  of  the  most  in- 
defatigable and  successful  workers  that  ever  toiled 
for  Jesus  in  the  Empire  State.  There  was  no 
benevolent  or  Christian  cause  that  appealed  to  his 
heart  or  purse  in  vain.  In  1832  he  resigned  his 
pastorate  to  accept  an  agency  from  the  Executive 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  to  plead  the  cause  of 
the  perishing  heathen  in  the  churches.  To  this 
cause  be  devoted  all  his  energies  and  the  rest  of 
his  days;  and  the  Lord  greatly  blessed  his  public 
and  private  appeals.  He  died  May  10,  1851,  in  pos- 
session of  perfect  peace. 

Mr.  Bennett  was  a  man  of  great  benevolence  ;  he 
had  superior  mental  powers;  he  vras  an  eff'cctive 
speaker;  he  was  a  holy  man  ;  the  Crucified  was 
everything  in  his  heart  and  in  his  ministry  ;  he 
was  the  best-known  minister  in  several  colinlies, 
and  the  love  with  which  he  was  regarded  was  in- 
tense enough  to  hand  down  his  memory  with  rever- 
ence to  several  succeeding  generations. 

Bentley,  Rev.  William,  son  of  Thomas  and 

Abigail  Bentley  ;  born  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  March 
3,  1775 ;  on  the  capture  of  the  city  by  the  British 
in  1777  removed  with  his  parents  to  Providence, 
R.  I.  ;  at  the  age  of  fourteen  went  to  Boston  ; 
joined  the  First  Baptist  church,  under  Dr.  Samuel 
Stillman,  June  5,1791;  transferred  his  member- 
ship to  the  Second  Baptist  church,  under  Dr. 
Thomas  Baldwin  ;  was  induced  to  give  himself  to 
the  minist»y  ;  commenced  preaching  in  1806  ;  or- 
dained at  Salem,  Mass.,  Oct.  9,  1807  ;  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Tiverton,  R.  I.  :  in 
1812  removed  to  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  became 
pastor  of  a  church  which  he  had  instrumentally 
established;  in  1815  settled  as  pastor  in  Wethers- 
field.  Conn.,  and  labored  with  great  success  for  six 
years ;  afterwards  labored  with  marked  efficiency 
and  power  as  an  itinerant  and  missionary  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  Connecticut ;  was  distinguished  for 
tenderness,  devotion,  purity,  boldness,  energy,  and 
faithfulness;  died  Dec.  24,  1855,  greatly  beloved 
and  lamented. 

Bently,  Bev.  Samuel  N.,  was  bom  in  1822,  in 

Stewiack,  Nova  Scotia,  and  joined  the  Baptist 
church  there  when  quite  young.  He  stuilied  at 
Acadia  College  and  at  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary. He  was  ordained  at  Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia, 
Nov.  23,  1851.  and  became  pastor  of  North  church, 
Ilalifiix,  in  1856.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  Board.     He  died  Nov.  28,  1859. 


RERNAKD 


97 


BETHEL 


Bernard,  James  C. — Mr-  Bernard  wiis  l)orn 
in  Lo^im  Co.,  Kv.,  in  1807.  He  w-ns  converted 
in  1833,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Robert  Anderson. 
The  next  year  he  removed  with  his  family  to 
Qnincy,  III.  At  that  time  there  waa  no  Baptist 
chnrch  in  Qnincy.  In  1835  he  removed  to  the 
tlien  new  settlement  of  Payson,  and  united  with 
the  little  Baptist  cluirch  which  had  recently  been 
organized  there.  He  returned  to  Quincy  in  1843, 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  cliurch  in  that 
city.  Soon  after  that  he  was  elected  to  the  of- 
tice  of  county  clerk  fcir  Adams  Connty,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term  was  re-elected.  He  served 
the  First  church  for  a  number  of  years  as  deacon, 
and  also  as  superintendent  of  tlie  Sabbath-school. 
When  the  Vermont  Street  church  was  organized, 
he  with  his  family  went  into  the  new  organization, 
and  his  time,  energy,  and  means  were  bestowed 
without  stint  in  sustaining  that  new  interest.  Here 
also  he  was  chosen  deacon  and  superintendent,  in 
both  of  which  offices  he  continued  to  labor  effici- 
ently until  his  removal  to  Cliilliothe,  Mo.,  in  186.5. 
In  1871  he  returned  to  Quincy  in  failing  health, 
and  at  the  privyer-meeting,  just  at  the  close  of  a 
few  remarks,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and 
fell  into  the  arms  of  some  of  the  brethren  wlio 
happened  to  be  near  liim.  He  lingered  for  two 
years,  a  helpless  invalid,  before  the  release  of  death 
came.  For  a  number  of  years  in  succession  he 
had  been  either  moderator  or  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Quincy  Association,  and  was,  until  his 
health  so  completely  failed,  active  and  useful  in 
various  conspicuous  positions. 

Berry,  Hon.  Joel  H.,  an  eminent  Baptist  dea- 
con, who  died  at  Baldwj-n,  Miss.,  in  1874,  was  born 
in  South  Carolina  in  1808  :  served  four  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  his  native  State;  removed  to  Tippah 
Co.,  Miss.,  in  1843  ;  wa.s  four  years  in  the  Missis- 
sippi Legislature  and  eight  years  in  the  State  Sen- 
ate. As  a  Christian  he  was  abundant  in  every 
good  word  and  work,  giving  a  consistent  example 
and  active  personal  labors,  and  contributing  largely 
but  unostentatiously  of  his  ample  means  to  the 
cause  of  God. 

Bethel  College  is  located  at  Russellville,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  and  Memphis  Railroad,  143  miles 
southwest  from  Louisville.  It  was  projected  by 
Bethel  Baptist  Association  in  1849.  The  main 
college  building  was  erected,  and  a  high  school  wa.s 
opened  in  it,  under  the  management  of  B.  T.Blewett, 
A.M.,. Jan.  3,  1854.  In  185fi  a  new  charter  was  se- 
(cured,  and  the  institution  entered  upon  its  career  as 
a  college,  under  the  presiilency  of  Mr.  Blewctt,  in  the 
fall  of  18.56.  The  institution  was  prosperous  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  In  1S61-62  the 
buildings  were  used  for  a  hospital.  In  1863  the 
college  was  reopened  under  the  presidency  of  Rev. 
George  Hunt.     On  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Hunt,  in 


1864,  J.  AV.  Rust,  A.M.,  was  elected  president. 
Under  his  management  the  institution  continued  to 
gain  strength,  until  he  was  compelled  bj'  impaired 
health  to  resign,  in  February,  1868.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded  by   Noah  K.  Davis,   LL.D.     In  1872  the 


Uix.    .lOEL    H.    BERRV. 

president's  house  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  $7000.  In 
1873,  Dr.  Davis  resigned  to  take  the  chair  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  the 
discipline  of  the  college  was  committed  to  Prof. 
Leslie  Waggener,  as  chairman  of  the  faculty.  In 
1876-77  the  northern  long  hall  was  built,  at  a  cost 
of  S-JO,000,  "  to  furni,«h  board  to  students  at  re- 
duced rates."  In  1877,  Prof.  Leslie  Waggener  was 
elected  president,  and  is  still  in  that  office. 

Since  the  war  Bethel  College  has  steadily  pros- 
pered, and  is  now  one  of  the  most  flourishing  insti- 
tutions of  learning  in  the  West.  The  faculty 
numbers  5  professors  and  2  tutors,  and  the  cata- 
logue of  1876-77  shows  the  attendance  of  127  stu- 
dents. The  college  has  an  endowment  in  stocks, 
bonds,  and  real  estate  estimated  at  S100,000,  besides 
the  college  ground  and  buildings. 

Bethel  Female  College  is  h  cated  in  Ilopkins- 
ville,  Ky.  It  was  erected  under  the  au.spices  of 
Bethel  Baptist  Association  for  the  higher  educa- 
tion of  women,  and  was  chartered  in  18,54.  The 
buildings  cost  about  $30,000.  Prof.  J.  W.  Rust  is 
and  has  been  for  several  years  past  the  president 
of  this  flourishing  institution. 

The  average  number  of  students  is  about  100. 
The  management  and  discipline  of  the  college  are 
excellent,  and  few  schools  in  the  country  (ifl"er  bet- 
ter facilities  for  the  education  <  f  young  ladies. 


BIHH 


98 


'  BIBLE 


Bibb,  Rev.  Martin,  was  bom  in  Amliefst  Co.. 
Va.,  Aug.  19,  1824,  iind  in  1829  his  father,  with 
his  family,  located  at  what  is  now  Sewull  Depot, 
on  the  Che.sapeake  and  Ohio  Raih-oail,  in  West 
Virjiinia.  lie  united  with  the  cluircli  in  hi.s  twen- 
tieth year,  and  very  soon  began  to  speak  in  prayer- 
meetings  and  to  superintend  a  Sunday-scliool ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1849.  Acted  as  colporteur 
of  the  American  Tract  Society  until  18.52,  when 
he  was  ordained  and  took  charge  of  churches. 
He  was  pastor  of  churches  in  Fayette,  Nichohvs, 
and  Kanawha  Counties  until  1801,  when  lie  re- 
moved to  Giles  Co.,  Va.  In  180.5  he  returned  to 
his  home  and  resumed  his  work  witli  liis  churches, 
but  after  a  brief  period  moved  to  Monroe  County, 
remaining  five  years.  lie  now  resides  in  Ilinton, 
on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  devotes 
all  his  time  to  the  Ilinton  church.     He  has  acted 


cognates  had  been  rendered  by  words  signifying 
"immerse,"  "immersion,"'  etc.  The  English  trans- 
lation had  been  made  the  standard  to  which  all 
other  translations  should  conform  and  not  the  in- 
.spired  originals,  and  tlie  founders  of  tlie  Union  felt 
compelled  by  consistency  to  demand  that  on  the 
principle  of  fidelity  translations  in  all  langn.iges 
should  be  conformed  to  the  Hebrew  and  Greek 
texts.  Hetwo  the  constitution  of  the  Union  defines 
its  purpose  thus:  "To  procure  and  circulate  the 
most  faithful  versions  of  tlie  Sacred  Scriptures  in 
all  languages  throughout  the  world."  Under  this 
broad  provision  it  selected  ripe  scholars  from  nine 
dillerent  Christian  denominations  in  Kurope  and 
America,  to  whom  it  committed  the  revision  of  the 
English  Bible.  This  was  the  first  organized  at- 
tempt ever  nnide  to  ap[ily  the  accumulated  fruits 
of  Biblical  scholarship,  since   1611,  to  a  revision 


BETHEL   COLLEGE,   RUSSELLVILl.t:,  k\  . 


as  clerk  of  Associations  for  about  twenty  years, 
and  has  frequently  written  for  the  press.  During 
his  ministry  he  has  baptized  about  1000  persons 
and  has  preached  a  large  number  of  sermons. 
Many  of  his  positions  have  required  hard  work 
and  self-denial,  and  he  has  had  gracious  evidences 
of  the  divine  blessing. 

Bible  Union,  The  American,  was  formed  in 
New  York,  June  10,  1850,  by  a  number  of  indi- 
viduals, chiefly  Baptists,  who  had  co-operated  with 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  until  it 
decided  that  it  was  not  its  duty  to  revise  the  com- 
mon English  Bible,  nor  to  procure  such  a  revision 
from  others  ;  and  so  would  confine  its  circulation 
in  that  tongue  to  that  version.  The  Baptists  of 
America  had  withdrawn  from  the  American  Bible 
Society  because  it  refused  aid  to  the  Bengalee  and 
Burmese  translations,  made  by  Baptist  mission- 
aries,  in  which   the  Greek   term   /Jan^r/fu  and    its 


of  the  English  Bible  for  the  benefit  of  the  un- 
learned reader,  and  it  met  with  the  most  deter- 
mined resistance.  But  in  an  unswerving  adherence 
to  a  divine  principle  the  attempt  was  pushed,  be- 
lieving that  both  ignorance  and  prejudice  must 
yield  at  last  to  the  demands  of  true  scholarship.  No 
expense  was  spared  to  secure  the  oldest  translations 
of  the  Bible,  copies  of  the  ancient  manuscripts,  and 
other  aids  for  making  the  revisions  and  translations 
as  perfect  as  possible.  Nor  were  the  scholars  cm- 
ployed  restricted  as  to  time  and  free  conference. 
The  New  Testament  passed  through  three  thorough 
revisions,  the  first  covering  a  period  of  eight  years, 
the  second  four,  and  the  third  more  than  two. 

The  following  are  the  rules  for  the  government 
of  the  scholars  employed  by  the  Union  in  revising 
the  English  New  Testament,  namely  : 

"  The  received  Greek  text,  critically  edited,  with 
known  errors  corrected,  must  be  followed. 


BICKh-L 


90 


BIGGS 


"The  common  English  version  must  be  the 
Iiiisis  of  revision,  and  only  sueli  alterations  must 
111',  maJe  as  the  exact  moaiiin;;  of  the  text  and  the 
existing  state  of  the  lanj:uage  may  require. 

"  Tlie  exact  meaning  of  the  inspired  text,  as 
tliat  text  expressed  it  to  those  who  nnderstood  the 
original  Scriptures  at  the  time  they  were  first  writ- 
tiui,  must  be  given  in  corresponding  words  and 
phrases,  so  far  as  tliey  can  })e  found  in  the  English 
language,  with  the  least  possihle  obscurity  or  in- 
definiteness." 

Under  the  operation  of  these  rules  not  only  the 
English,  but  the  Spanish  and  Italian  New  Testa- 
ments have  been  revised.  And  the  same  general 
principles  have  been  applied  in  revising  the  Eng- 
lish Old  Te.stannuit,  that  is,  the  books  of  tienosis, 
Exodus,  Joshua,  Ruth,  1  and  2  Samuel,  1  and  2 
Kings,  1  and  2  Chronicles,  .Job,  Psalms,  Proverbs, 
etc.,  and  also  in  the  new  translations  of  the  New 
Testament  into  the  Chinese  character  and  the 
Ningpo  colloquial.  In  these  forms  the  Union  has 
circulated  over  a  million  copies  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  although  at  present  its  work  has  been  largely 
suspended  for  want  of  necessary  funds,  it  has  cre- 
ated such  a  demand  for  a  corrected  English  Bible 
as  now  takes  hold  of  the  public  mind,  and  cannot 
be  relaxed  till  this  aim  is  accomplished  in  harmony 
with  the  real  wants  of  the  age. 

Sickel,  Rev.  Dr.  P.  W.,  w-as  born  in  Weinheim, 
grand  duchy  of  Baden,  Germany,  Sept.  7,  1829. 
In  his  youth  he  received  a  thorough  training  in 
the  dead  languages  in  the  Bender  Classical  Insti- 
tute of  his  native  place,  where  he  studied  for  six 
years.  An  enthusiastic  adherent  of  liberal  politi- 
cal views,  he  became  involved  in  the  struggle  in 
Baden  in  1.S48.  The  revolution  being  overthrown, 
Mr.  Bickel  left  his  native  land  and  came  to  America, 
spending  the  first  years  of  his  sojourn  as  a  printer, 
and  engaging  also  to  some  extent  in  literary  efforts 
and  teaching.  At  that  time  he  was  a  confirmed 
infidel.  But  it  pleased  God  to  give  him  the  light 
of  heavenly  truth.  lie  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  membership  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Wau- 
kegaw.  Wis.  Feeling  impelled  to  preach  the  faith 
which  hehad  formerly  attacked,  Mr.  Bickel  repaired 
to  Iloohcster,  N.  Y.,  where  he  graduated  from  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1S,').5.  Even 
while  he  was  a  theological  student  his  ability  as  a 
talented  writei  manifested  itself.  Ilis  first  fiqld  of 
labor  was  Cincinnati,  0.,  where,  among  a  German 
population  of  formalists  and  avowed  skeptics,  he 
succeeded  in  gathering  a  warm,  loving  German 
church.  He  labored  as  German  city  missionary  in 
Cincinnati,  O.,  from  185.5  to  18.')"  ;  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  German  church  formed  through  his 
labors  in  September,  1857,  and  continued  his  pas- 
torate with  increasing  success  from  18.57  to  1865. 
During  a  large   portion   of  his   pastorate   he  was 


editor  of  the  monthly  periodical  of  the  Western 
German  Baptist  Conference,  and  of  a  Sumlay-school 
paper,  superintending  at  the  same  time  the  publi- 
cation work  of  that  Conference.  In  1805  the  Ger- 
man Baptists  in  America  uniting  in  a  Triennial 
Conference  appointed  Mr.  Bickel  secretary  of  the 
newly-formed  German  Publication  Society,  and 
editor  of  its  weekly  periodicals.  This  position  he 
filled  ably,  wielding  a  facile  pen  and  showing  great 
practical  talent  in  furthering  the  publication  work. 
As  a  recognition  of  bis  various  and  eminent  ser- 
vices the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Granville  College,  Ohio.  In  1878, 
Dr.  Bickel  was  selected  by  the  American  Bajitist 
Publication  Society,  and  by  the  Baptists  in  Ger- 
many, to  establish  and  superintend  a  Baptist  pub- 
lication work  in  Germany.  Dr.  Bickel  is  now 
performing  these  duties  in  Hamburg,  and  editing 
at  the  same  time  the  new  weekly  Baptist  paper 
issued  in  Germany.  The  work  is  in  a  very  pros- 
perous condition.  Dr.  Bickel  is  an  excellent  writer, 
a  good  poet,  a  man  of  high  culture,  gifted  with 
great  practical  talent,  one  of  the  most  useful  of  the 
German  Baptist  ministers,  a  man  whose  life  and 
work  will  prove  a  lasting  blessing  to  German  Bap- 
tists in  Europe  and  America. 

Biddle,  Rev.  William  P.,  was  born  in  Princess 
Anne  Co.,  Va.,  -Jan.  8,  1787.  Mr.  Biddle  began  to 
preach  early  in  life,  and  coming  to  North  Carolina, 
married,  in  Felnuary,  181(1,  Mary  N.,  the  daughter 
of  Gen.  Samuel  Simpson.  lie  was  present  at  the 
formation  of  the  Baptist  State  Cmvcntion  in  1830, 
as  was  also  his  son.  Col.  II.  S.  Biddle,  and  was  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  Newberne,  Aug.  8, 
1853,  thoroughly  identified  with  all  the  enterprises 
of  the  denomination.  Being  a  man  of  large  wealth 
he  preached  gratuitously,  and  thus,  as  he  drew 
near  the  close  of  his  life,  did  a  serious  injury  to 
the  churches  to  which  he  ministered.  lie  was  emi- 
nent for  a  devout  spirit,  a  godly  walk,  and  a  large 
measure  of  usefulness  in  his  day. 

Biggs,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Camden  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1763.  He  commenced  preaching  when 
thirty  years  of  age.  He  removed  to  Virginia  in 
1792,  and  was  pastor  eighteen  years  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Portsmouth.  In  1810  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  and  took  charge  of  Georgetown,  Bethle- 
hem, and  Silas  churches,  in  Bourbon  County.  In 
1820  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Pike 
County,  and  preached  to  Mount  Pleasant,  Ramsey 
Creek,  and  Bethlehem  churches,  and  organized  the 
Noix  Creek  church.  He  labored  with  marked  suc- 
cess for  fifty  years,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  de- 
nomination in  Northeast  Missouri  is  largely  due  to 
his  ministry,  He  died  Aug.  1,  1845,  in  his  eighty- 
third  year. 

Biggs,  Deacon  Noah,  is  one  of  the  most  liberal 
and  useful  lavmon  of  North  Carolina,  a  merchant 


BIGOTRY 


100 


BIXXEY 


of  Scotland  Neck,  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  Col- 
lege, and  a  lover  of  nil  good  men  and  good  works. 
He  was  born  in  Martin  Co.,  N.  C,  in  1S42,  and  was 
baptized  in  1S76. 

Bigotry,  Baptist. — Tbe  Bapitists  regard  every 
man  as  a  Christian  who  truly  repents  and  who 
puts  his  entire  trust  in  the  atoning  merits  of  Jesus 
for  the  salvation  of  his  soul.  They  believe  that 
such  a  regenerated  man  will  enter  heaven  from  the 
membership  of  any  church,  evangelical  or  hetero- 
dox, or  even  from  the  great  world  outside  of  all 
churches.  They  think  that  such  children  of  God 
should  show  their  love  to  Jesus  by  keeping  his 
commandments;  but  whether  they  are  immersed 
or  not,  it  is  the  firm  conviction  of  all  Baptists  that 
the  entire  earthly  regenerated  family  of  Jesus,  of 
all  names,  will,  be  saved  in  glory.  They  love  all 
the  true  followers  of  Jesus  wherever  they  find 
them,  from  Pascal,  the  Catholic,  to  William  Penn, 
the  Quaker.  This  love  is  a  great  reality  ;  and  it  is 
quite  as  strong  as  the  love  of  a  Methodist  for  a 
Presbyterian,  or  of  a  Presbyterian  for  an  Evangel- 
ical Episcopalian,  or  of  a  Dutch  for  a  German  Re- 
formed. Nay,  we  think  it  quite  as  potent  as  the 
affection  which  a  Reformed  (Covenanter)  Presby- 
terian bears  to  the  great  Presbyterian  body  of  this 
country,  or  which  a  follower  of  Dr.  Henry  A. 
Boardman,  or  of  Albert  Barnes,  bears  to  the  re- 
ligious descendants  of  the  grand  men  who  framed 
and  adopted  the  "  Solomon  League  and  Covenant.'' 
The  writer  has  extensive  knowledge  of  the  charity 
of  Pedobaptists  for  Baptists,  and  he  gives  it  as  his 
deliberate  conviction  that  Baptist  charity  for  godly 
persons  who  are  not  in  their  own  fold  is  very  largely 
in  excess  of  the  love  which  nur  Pedobaptist  brethren 
cherish  for  us.  If  there  was  a  standard  by  which 
charity  could  be  measured,  we  should,  without  hesi- 
tation or  delay,  submit  Baptist  and  Pedobaptist 
love  for  each  other  to  its  decision  without  any  doubt 
about  the  result.  And  if  it  be  objected  that  we  do 
not  admit  unimmersed  Pedobaptists  to  the  Lord's 
table,  we  reply  that  the  exclusion  springs  from 
no  want  of  charity,  for  we  do  not  bring  our  own 
unbaptized  "converts  to  the  Lord's  table,  whom  we 
love  with  the  warmest  affection.  Baptism,  as  Bap- 
tists and  nearly  all  Pedobaptists  view  it,  is  a  pre- 
requisite to  the  Lord's  .Supper,  and  heaven-revealed 
charity  does  not  require  or  permit  the  sacrifice  of 
heaven-revealed  truth.  No  charity  requires  a 
Calvinist  to  give  up  his  inspired  creed  to  plea«e  an 
Arminian  ;  no  oharity  demands  from  a  Democratic 
Republican  the  surrender  of  his  just  political  prin- 
ciples to  gratify  a  monarchist;  and  if  charity  re- 
quires a  Baptist  not  only  to  give  his  love  to  an 
unbaptized  Christian,  but  to  surrender  his  Bible 
baptism  to  please  the  prejudices  of  his  believing 
Pedobaptist  brother,  it  is  not  in  harmony  with  his 
teachings  who  says,  "Buy  the  truth  and  sell  it 


not,"'  "  Hold  fast  the  form  of  sound  words  which 
thou  hast  heard  of  me  in  faith  and  love,  which  is 
in  Christ  Jesus.''  Our  motto  about  charity  is, 
"  Love  for  Christians  and  all  mankind,  and  supreme 
love  for  God  and  his  truth.''  This  is  Baptist 
bigotry. 

Bill,  Hon.  Caleb  B..,  brother  of  Rev.  Ingram  E. 
Bill,  and  a  member  of  Billtown  Baptist  church. 
Nova  Scotia;  became  wealthy  by  careful  attention 
to  business.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
Parliament  for  several  years,  and  at  confederation 
became  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  Canada,  and  so 
continued  till  his  death,  in  1872.  Senator  Bill  left 
a,  handsome  bequest  to  the  Foreign  Missionary 
Board  of  the  Maritime  Provinces. 

Bill,  Rev.  Ingram  E.,  was  born  in  Cornwallis. 
Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  converted,  and  joined 
the  Cornwallis  Baptist  church  :  ordained  at  Nic- 
taux,  March  3,  1829  ;  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  in 
1841.  In  1842  he  resumed  the  pastorate  at  Nic- 
taux.  In  1852  he  became  pastor  of  Germain 
Street  Baptist  church,  St.  Johns,  New  Brunswick. 
Subsequently  he  became  editor  of  the  Christian 
Visilor,  and  so  continued  for  over  twenty  years. 
Mr.  Bill  is  now  the  useful  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church.  St.  Martins,  New  Brunswick. 

Bingham,  Rev.  Abel. — In  1828,  this  brother 
having  been  a  preacher  among  the  Tonawanda  In- 
dians, was  sent  from  Western  New  York  to  es- 
tablish a  mission  among  the  Indians  at  Sault  Ste. 
M.arie.  At  this  post  he  labored  steadily  for  twenty- 
five  years,  being  useful  with  the  soldiers  there  sta- 
tioned, as  well  as  in  his  own  work.  Amid  many 
discouragements  his  patient  continuance  stood  him 
in  good  ste.id.  When  the  scattering  of  the  tribes 
made  it  necessary  to  abandon  the  mission,  he  re- 
tired to  the  society  of  his  children  at  Grand  Rapids, 
and,  through  a  serene  and  loved  old  age,  passed  to 
his  rest  in  1805. 

Binney,  Joseph  GetcheU,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass..  Dee.  1.  1807,  and  was  educated  at 
Yale  College  and  Newton  Theologicil  Seminary, 
lie  was  ordained  at  West  Boylston.  Mass.,  in  18.S2, 
and  settled  at  Savannah,  Ga..  where  his  ministry 
was  remarkably  successful.  His  congregation  was 
I  large  and  intelligent,  and  grew  rapidly  in  numlier 
1  and  efficiency.  Their  interest  in  foreign  missions 
was  especially  marked,  and  large  contributions 
were  regularly  given  to  the  cause.  In  1843  the 
acting  board  of  the  Triennial  Convention  urged 
him  to  engage  in  the  foreign  missionary  work,  and 
also  "to  establish  jvnd  conduct  a  school  for  the 
training  of  a  native  ministry  among  the  Karens." 
He  wa-s  also  requested  to  unite  with  his  mission.ary 
associates  in  inaugurating  a  system  of  general  ed- 
ucation for  the  Karens,  then  but  recently  known, 
but  who  had  received  the  gospel  with  great  alac- 


BINNEY 


101 


BISHOP 


rity.  A  school  was  opened  by  Dr.  Binney  in  Maul- 
niain,  May,  1845,  with  13  adult  pupils,  all  converts 
from  heathenism,  and  who  had  already  been  quite 
useful  in  making  known  to  their  countrymen,  as 
be.st  they  could,  the  gospel  truth.  At  first  instruc- 
tion in  the  Bible  only  was  given,  but  afterwards  in 
arithmetic,  geography,  and  .astronomy.  Tlie  school 
increased  each  year  in  numbers  and  efficiency,  and 
i(uite  an  advance  was  made  in  the  grade  of  the 
studies.  At  the  end  of  five  most  encouraging 
years,  the  health  of  Mrs.  Binney,  who  had  taken 
an  active  part  in  teaching,  failed,  and  Dr.  Binney 
and  she  were  obliged  to  return  to  America.  The 
school  became  almost  extinct  during  the  three  en- 
suing years,  as  but  little  time  could  be  devoted  to  it 
by  the  brethren  who  were  actively  engaged  in  mis- 
sionary work.  After  Dr.  Binney's  return  to  this 
country,  in  1853,  he  was  engaged  for  a  while  a.s 
pastor  at  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  subsequently  at  Au- 
gusta, Ga.  In  1855  he  was  invited  to  accept  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbian  College,  which  he  did, 
remaining  in  that  position  only  three  years,  yet 
long  enough  to  give  an  influence  to  its  methods  of 
instruction  and  discipline  which  it  still  feels.  An 
urgent  call  from  his  missionary  associates  in  Bur- 
niah,  and  importunate  solicitation  on  the  part  of 
pi'oniinent  lirethren  in  this  country  upon  Dr.  Bin- 
ney to  return  and  resume  his  labors  of  instruction 
in  the  Karen  Seminary,  induced  him,  in  1858,  to 
resign  the  presidency  of  the  college  and  to  enter 
again  on  the  work  for  which  he  was  so  admirably 
fitted,  and  which  lay  so  near  his  heart.  He  sailed 
for  Burraah  in  185'J.  at  which  time  the  seminary 
was  removed  from  Maulmain  to  Rangoon,  the  new 
capital  of  British  Burmah.  The  seminary  opened 
with  80  pupils,  and  for  a  while  the  whole  labor  of 
conducting  it,  with  much  additional  work  of  preach- 
ing, translating,  and  publishing,  fell  upon  Dr.  Bin- 
ney, assisted  l)y  his  faithful  wife.  From  this  time 
until  1876  the  seminary  was  blessed  with  an  unin- 
terrupted career  of  prosperity  and  usefulness.  A 
literary  department  was  added  to  it,  buildings 
erected,  text-books  printed,  treatises  on  anatomy, 
physiology,  an<l  hygiene,  a  manual  of  theology, 
and  manuscript  wiirks  on  mental  and  moral  science 
prepared.  His  onerous  labors  daring  this  pro- 
tr.icted  period  greatly  impaired  the  health  of  Dr. 
Binney,  and  in  November,  1875,  being  entirely 
prostrated  in  health,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the 
seminary  in  the  care  of  the  Hev.  Sau  Tay  and  return 
to  America.  After  a  brief  sojourn  in  this  country, 
with  liealth  somewhat  improved,  he  sailed  again  for 
Burmah  in  the  fall  of  1877.  being  accompanied  by 
Mrs.  Binney.  but  he  died  upon  the  voyage.  Novem- 
ber 26,  and  was  buried  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  His 
work  in  Asia  will  be  his  enduring  monument. 
More  than  300  Karen  ministers  were  educated  by 
him,  and   tliey  have  accomplished  an   amount  of 


good  among  their  countrymen  which  no  man  can 
measure.  As  a  thinker.  Dr.  Binney  had  a  clear, 
incisive,  analytic,  and  unusually  logical  mind.  As 
a  preacher,  he  wa.s  impressive,  dignified,  and  in- 
structive. As  a  teacher,  he  stimulated  the  dullest 
into  quickness  and  accuracy  of  thought ;  while,  as 
a  man,  there  was  a  humility,  sincerity,  trust,  and 
oneness  of  purpose  in  all  his  acts  that  stamped  him 
as  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  good  ministers  of 
Christ. 

Birt,  Caleb  Evans,  son  of  the  Rev.  Isaiah  Birt, 
was  born  at  Devonport,  England,  on  March  11, 
1795.  In  his  seventeenth  year  he  entered  Cam- 
bridge University  with  a  view  of  studying  for  the 
bar.  His  conscience  w.as  aroused  and  agitated  by 
the  prospective  necessity  of  signing  the  articles  of 
the  Church  of  England.  The  conflict  of  mind 
ended  in  his  abandonment  of  the  plan  of  life  he 
had  cherished,  and  he  determined  to  devote  him- 
self to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel  among  his  own 
people,  the  Baptists.  lie  was  baptized  by  his 
l)rother,  the  Rev.  -Tohn  Birt,  then  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Hull,  and  made  his  first  pulpit 
efforts  in  that  neighborhood.  Soon  after  he  was 
entered  at  Bristol  Cullege  as  a  ministerial  student, 
whence  he  proceeded  to  Edinburgh  University.  At 
the  close  of  his  studies,  in  1816,  he  was  invited  to 
become  pastor  of  a  church  in  Derby,  and  was  or- 
dained in  the  following  year.  After  ten  years' 
labor  in  Derby  he  removed  to  Portsea.  where  he 
labored  until  1837,  when  he  was  invited  to  Broad- 
mead  church,  Bristol.  In  1844  he  removed  to 
Wantage,  and  held  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church 
there  until  his  death,  Dec.  13.  1854,  aged  sixty 
years.  His  high  character  and  fervent  piety, 
together  with  the  advantages  of  a  liberal  education, 
qualified  him  for  eminent  usefulness.  In  Portsea 
particularly  his  ministry  was  remarkably  success- 
ful, and  his  memory  is  affectionately  cherished 
throughout  the  community. 

Bishop,  Miss  Harriet  E.,  the  third  daughter 
of  Putnam  and  Miranda  Bishop,  was  born  in 
Panton,  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  1.  1818.  At 
thirteen  she  was  converted  and  baptized  by  Rev. 
John  A.  Dodge  in  Lake  Champlain,  and  for 
several  years  was  the  youngest  member  of  the 
church  in  her  native  town.  She  remained  a  mem- 
ber of  that  church  until  the  organization  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  St.  Paul.  Minn.  The  read- 
ing of  the  memoirs  of  Harriet  Newell  and  Ann 
II.  Judson  awoke  a  missionary  spirit  which  never 
slept.  Where  she  should  labor  was  a  subject  of 
serious  consideration  whilst  the  preparatory  work 
of  securing  an  education  was  going  on.  In  1840 
the  Board  of  National  Popular  Education  called 
for  its  first  class  of  female  Christian  teachers  for 
destitute  portions  of  the  West.  She  entered  this 
open  door,  and  at  once  commenced  her  life-work. 


BISHOP 


102 


BISHOP 


July  13,  1847,  tlie  teaoher  arrived  at  a  govern- 
ment Indian  trading  town  having  the  unclassic 
name  of  "  Pig's  Eye."  A  few  rude  homes  stood 
on  the  bhifF,  but  there  was  not  a  Cliri>tian  man  or 
woman  in  one  of  them.  Here  the  queenly  city  of 
St.  Paul  now  flourislies.  There  was  no  meeting- 
or  school-house  within  500  miles.  About  two 
weeks  after  Miss  Bishop  arrived  she  organized  a 
Sunday-school  which  is  a  iniglity  power  ;  at  present 
tlic  schoiil  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  For  several 
months  she  labored  witliout  a  Christian  helper  in 
the  school.  At  the  close  of  the  year  a  part  of  her 
school  formed  the  nucleus  of  one  organized  by  the 
Methodists,  and  another  portion  for  one  organized 
by  the  Presliyterians  ;  the  larger  number  of  scholars, 
however,  remained  in  the  original  school.  Mean- 
while, the  iog-cal)in  school  had  grown  into  a  pio- 
neer seminary.  Though  the  only  Baptist  at  the 
Indian  trading-post  for  one  year,  she  ever  remained 
true  to  her  convictions  of  Bible  truth.  Feeble 
churches  have  been  strengthened  by  her  wise 
counsels.  Missions,  both  home  and  foreign,  have 
ever  been  cherished  and  efficiently  aided  l)y  her 
labors.  Nobly  has  she  advocated  the  temperance 
reformation,  visiting  prisons  and  the  homes  of 
drunkards  to  rescue  them  from  hopeless  ruin. 
Though  now  in  the  evening  of  life,  heart  and 
hands  are  ever  busy  in  gospel  work. 

Bishop,  Hon.  Jesse  P.,  was  bom  in  New  Haven, 
Vt.,  June  1,  \H\->.  After  a  childhood  and  youth 
of  many  vicissitudes  and  much  toil,  he  removed  in 
'1836  to  Cleveland,  O.  In  1837  he  entered  the 
Senior  class  of  Western  Reserve  College,  graduating 
the  foMowing  year.  In  18.'i9,  having  completed  his 
law  studies,  he  began  legal  practice  as  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Card  &  Bishop.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  to  the  Common  Pleas  judgeship  of  his 
county,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  term  with 
great  satisfaction,  both  to  the  members  of  the  pro- 
fession and  to  the  public.  At  the  end  of  the  term 
he  declined  re-election,  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  law.  In  this  he  still  continues,  having  associated 
with  him  his  son  L.  J.  P.  Bishop,  and  Seymour  F. 
Adams. 

Judge  Bishop  has  led  a  very  busy  and  earnest 
life.  As  a  judge  he  was  accurate  and  discrimina- 
ting ;  as  a  lawyer,  he  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
reliable  and  well  informed  in  the  city  of  Cleveland. 
He  has  a  fine  memory  and  a  comprehensive  mind, 
and  is  seldom  mistaken  in  his  decision.  For  forty- 
five  years  he  has  been  an  honored  and  trusted  mem- 
ber of  the  First  church  of  Cleveland.  Ilis  uniform 
courtesy,  his  tried  integrity,  his  sincere  and  unsel- 
fish friendship,  his  liberality,  and  his  blameless 
life,  have  attracted  to  him  universal  respect  and 
esteem. 

Bishop,  Nathan,  LL.D.,  was  born  at  Vernon, 
Oneida   Co.,    N.   Y.,    in    1808.     He    graduated    at 


Brown  University,  where  he  also  served  for  some 
time  as  tutor.  For  years  he  wa.s  a  member  of  the 
boarii  of  his  alma  mater,  and  afterwards  he  was 
one  of  the  Fellows.     He  was  a  superintendent  of 


.NATHAN     BISIIOI",    I.L.n. 

schools  in  Providence,  and  subsequently  for  some 
years  in  the  city  of  Boston  ;  while  in  the  latter  po- 
sition Harvard  University  showed  its  appreciation 
of  his  great  abilities  by  conferring  on  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

After  removing  to  New  York  City  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Charities,  and  by  President  Grant  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Indian  Commission. 
He  has  served  for  years  on  the  Board  of  the  .\nier- 
ican  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  and  in  many 
similar  positions.  lie  was  chairman  of  the  Finance 
Committee  of  the  American  Committee  of  Bible 
Revision.  He  served  for  two  years  as  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  Baptist  Home  Missionary 
Society  without  compensation,  and  when  he  re- 
tired from  the  office,  in  1876,  he  paid  its  entire 
indebtedness,  amounting  to  $30,000. 

About  twenty-five  years  ago  he  married  the 
widow  of  Garrett  N.  Bloecker,  a  daughter  of  Deacon 
Ebenezer  Cauldwell,  of  New  York  City.  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Bishop  for  many  years  have  given  princely 
contributions  to  all  the  great  benevolent  enter- 
prises of  the  Baptist  denomination. 

For  the  last  fifteen  years  he  was  a  member,  dea- 
con, and  trustee  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  of 
New  York.  He  was  siiecially  interested  in  the 
education  of  the  freedmen,  and  gave  liberally  for 


BirnxG 


103 


'ULYJil' 


that  object.  lie  died  at  Saratoga  Springs,  Aug.  7, 
1880. 

He  was  a  man  of  rare  talents,  benevolence,  and 
integrity.  He  wa.s  unostentatious, earnest,  and  iiuin- 
ble.  The  world  seldom  has  the  death  of  such  a 
man  a.s  Nathan  Bishop  to  lament. 

Bitting^,  C.  C,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  March,  1830 ;  was  graduated  from  the  Central 


C.    C.    BITTING,    D.D. 


High  School  in  18.50;  baptized  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen by  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Burrows,  D.D.,  and  united 
with  the  Broad  Street  Baptist  church.  After  having 
prosecuted  his  studies  at  Lewisburg  and  Madison 
Universities,  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  the 
Tcnnes.see  Baptist  Female  College  at  Nashville,  and 
after  its  removal,  at  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  Hav- 
ing been  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  while 
here,  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Mount 
Olivet  and  Hopeful  Baptist  churches,  in  Hanover 
Co.,  Va.,  at  that  time  two  of  the  most  prominent 
county  churches  in  the  State  ;  he  accepted  the  po- 
sition, and  after  a  period  of  the  most  successful 
labor  in  this  Held,  he  was  chosen,  in  18.i9,  the  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  church  in  Alexandria,  Va.  In 
lSb6,  Dr.  Bitting  was  urged  to  accept  the  secretary- 
ship of  the  Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  located  in  Greenville,  S.  C, 
which  he  did;  but  on  the  removal  of  the  board  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Lynchburg,  Va.,  and  removed  there  in 
Mny,  18()8.  His  labors  here  were  eminently  suc- 
cessful. More  than  300  united  with  the  church  in 
that  place  during  his  pastorate  of  four  years,  and 
thus  it  became  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  effec- 


tive societies  in  the  State.  In  1872  he  was  chosen 
district  secretary  for  the  Southern  States  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  with  head- 
quarters at  Kichmoiid,  Va.,  but  in  the  following 
year  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
in  that  city.  While  in  Richmond,  Dr.  Sitting's 
labors  were  manifold,  for  while  pressed  with  the 
cares  of  a  large  congregation  he  was  also  acting  as 
statistical  secretary  of  the  Virginia  Baptist  General 
Association  and  chairman  of  the  Memorial  Com- 
mittee of  the  Virginia  Centennial  to  secure  an  en- 
dowment for  Richmond  College.  In  September, 
1876,  he  l>ecame  pastor  of  the  Franklin  Square 
Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he  still  la- 
bors with  marked  success.  Dr.  Bitting  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  preachers  in  his  State.  He  is  studious 
in  hi.s  pulpit  preparations,  and  earnest  and  eloquent 
in  his  preaching.  He  has  also  made  valuable  ad- 
ditions to  the  literature  of  the  denomination.  In 
1874,  Dr.  Bitting  visited  Europe,  Palestine,  and 
Egypt.  Furman  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Bixby,  Moses  H.,  D.D,,  was  burn  in  Warren, 
Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  Aug.  20,  1827.     He  became  a 


MOSES  II.   iiixnv,   V.D. 

hopeful  Christian  at  the  early  age  of  twelve,  and 
when  quite  young  had  his  thoughts  turned  to  the 
Christian  ministry.  After  ten  years  devoted  to 
study,  the  hitler  jiart  of  the  pericid  being  spent  :it 
a  college  in  Montreal,  he  was  ordained  in  Veriiiont 
in  1849.  During  the  next  tlireeyears — 1849-52 — be 
preached  in  Vermont,  where  his  labors  were  greatly 
blessed.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  by  the  Mission- 
ary Union  to  the  Burinan  field,  and  continued  in 


BLACK 


104 


BLACKWOOD 


service  for  al)out  four  years, — 1852-56, — at  the  end 
of  whioli  period  he  returned  to  this  country,  on  ac- 
count of  what  proved  to  be  the  fiital  illness  of  his 
wife,  and  for  three  years  was  pastor  of  a  cliuroh  in 
Providence,  intendinj;,  when  the  providence  of 
God  should  open  the  way,  to  return  to  Burniah. 
In  1860  he  once  more  entered  upon  his  missionary 
work,  devoting  himself  especially  to  the  Shans, 
for  whose  spiritual  welfare  he  labored  for  eight 
successive  years, — 1861-69.  Worn  down  by  his  ex- 
cessive and  protracted  work,  he  again  returned  to 
his  native  land,  and  once  more  established  himself 
in  Providence,  R.  I.  Commencing  his  ministerial 
labors  in  a  destitute  but  growing  part  of  the  city, 
he  gathered  a  new  Baptist  church,  which  was  or- 
ganized in  Octolier,  1870,  and  is  known  as  the 
"  Cranston  Street  church."  This  church  and  the 
Sunday-school  connected  with  it  have  had  a  re- 
markable growth,  and  in  point  of  numbers  rank 
■with  the  largest  churches  and  Sunday-schools  in 
the  city.  Dartmouth  College,  in  1.S68,  conferred 
on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts, 
and  the  Central  University  of  Iowa,  in  1875,  that  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Black,  Col.  J.  C.  C. — An  eminent  lawyer  of  Au- 
gusta, Ga,,  a  deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
that  city,  and  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University, — a 
man  of  unquestionable  ability,  integrity,  and  de- 
votion to  principle,  and  a  refined,  social,  Christian 
gentleman.  lie  was  born  in  Scott  C  i.,  Ky.,  May  9, 
1842;  completed  his  college  course  at  Georgetown 
College,  Ky.,  in  1862;  entered  the  Confederate 
army  as  a  common  soldier,  under  Gen.  Morgan, 
and  was  promoted  to  be  colonel  of  his  regiment. 
In  1865  he  moved  to  Augusta,  Ga.,  entered  upon 
the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1866,  and  to-day  he  is  one  of  the  best  thinkers  and 
most  eloquent  pleaders  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Black  has  been  a  Sunday-school  superin- 
tendent, a  representative  in  the  Legislature  of  the 
State,  presiiient  of  the  Young  Men's  Cliristian  As- 
sociation, and  in  every  w.ay  an  able,  earnest,  zeal- 
ous Christian  worker.  Of  a  charitable  dispositinn, 
he  is  pleasant  in  conversation,  popular  in  his  man- 
ners, stern  in  his  principles,  and  thoroughly  iden- 
tified with  the  Baptist  cause.  Honored  for  his 
abilities  and  beloved  for  his  generous  qualities,  he 
wields  great  moral  influence  in  the  community 
■where  he  dwells. 

Blackall,  Christopher  R,,  M.D,— Dr.  Blaekall 
is  known  chiefly  for  his  long  and  efficient  service 
in  connection  with  the  American  Baptist  Publica- 
tion Society. 

He  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  18:i().  He 
graduated  from  Rush  Medical  College,  of  Cliiciign, 
and  early  in  the  history  of  the  civil  war  was  com- 
missioned a  surgeon  of  the  33d  Infantry  Regiment, 
of  Wisconsin.     After  efficient  service  in  that  capa- 


city, he  resigned  and  wag  honorably  discharged, 
and  he  settled  in  Chicago,  III. 

In  May,  1866,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as 
general  superintendent  of  the  Chicago  Sunday- 
School  Union,  and  a  year  later  was  appointed  dis- 
trict secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publica- 
tion Society  for  the  Northwest.  His  great  success: 
in  managing  the  business  department  of  the  society 
committed  to  him,  and  of  promoting  the  Sunday- 
school  work  on  that  extensive  field,  is  well  known. 

In  1879,  by  appointment  of  the  society,  he  was' 
transferred  to  New  York,  and  assumed  the  man-' 
agenient  of  its  branch  house  in  that  city. 

Dr.  Blackall  is  the  author  of  the  well-known 
charming  cantatas  "  Belshnzzar"  and  "Ruth." 
He  has  also  largely  c:iiitributed  to  our  Sunday- 
school  literature.  Among  his  works  may  be  men- 
tinned  "Lessons  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,"  "Our  Sun- 
day-School Work,  and  How  to  do  it,"  "  Nellie's 
Work  for  Jesus,"  "Gems  for  Little  Ones."  For 
eight  years  he  edited  Our  Little  Ones,  also  the 
"  Bible  Lessons."  His  industry,  fidelity,  tact,  so- 
cial nature,  and  Christian  devotion  fit  him  for  the 
eminent  position  he  has  so  long  filled. 

Blackman,  Rev.  James  F.,  a  prominent 
preacher  of  the  Ouachita  region,  Louisiana,  a 
native  of  the  State,  was  born  in  1828,  and  brought 
up  to  the  occupation  of  a  printer  and  publisher. 
lie  was  active  and  successful  in  the  ministry,  lie 
died  Dec.  11,  1874. 

Blackwood,  Rev,  A.  D,,  was  bom  in  Orange 
Co..  N.  C,  June  10,  1820;  baptized  November, 
1838;  ordained  in  Alabama  in  December,  1846; 
has  preached  3600  times,  and  baptized  1000  per- 
sons ;  was  much  blessed  in  pioneer  and  revival 
work,  and  was  moderator  of  Raleigh  Association  for 
eight  years.     He  is  now  pastor  at  Corey,  N.  C. 

Blackwood,  Rev.  Christopher,  was  born  in 
1606,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge. He  was  rector  of  a  parish  in  Kent  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Parliamentary  war. 

In  1644  the  Rev.  Fiancis  Cornwell,  in  preaching 
a  sermon  at  Cranbrook,  in  Kent,  before  a  number 
of  ministers  and  others,  stated  that  infant  baptism 
was  an  anti-Christian  innovation,  a  human  tradi- 
tion, and  a  practice  for  which  there  was  neither 
precept,  example,  nor  true  deduction  from  theAVoril 
of  (iod.  On  hearing  this  several  of  the  ministers 
were  greatly  startled  and  seriously  offended,  and 
after  service  they  agreed  to  examine  the  subject  and 
to  report  the  result  of  their  investigations  at  their 
conference  within  a  fortnight.  Mr.  Blackwood 
studied  the  subject  thoroughly,  and  felt  compelled 
to  renounce  infant  baptism  forever.  He  presented 
his  views  on  paper  to  the  brethren,  which  none  of 
them  pretended  to  answer  ;  and  he  subsequently 
published  them.  He  did  not  continue  long  in  the 
national  church  after  this  ;  for  he  disapproved  of 


BLAIN 


105 


BLEAKNEY 


an  established  church  as  much  as  he  disliked  in- 
fant baptism.  The  Presbyterians  wrote  against 
him  not  only  because  of  his  rejection  of  infant 
baptism,  but  because  of  his  advocacy  of  liberty  of 
conscience. 

lie  gathered  a  Baptist  church  at  Spilshill,  near 
Staplehur.st,  in  connection  with  Kichard  Kings- 
worth,  and  labored  in  tliat  field  until  the  opposi- 
tion of  his  co-pastor  to  the  doctrine  of  per.sonal 
election  led  him  to  retire  from  the  church.  Mr. 
Blackwood  received  the  whole  counsel  of  God,  and 
he  would  neither  hide  the  truth  nor  promote  dis- 
cord. 

lie  entered  the  army  as  a  chaplain  and  went  to 
Ireland,  probably  with  Gen.  Fleetwood  and  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Ludlow.  lie  formed  a  Baptist  church  in 
Dublin,  which  grievously  offended  the  Pedobaptists 
of  that  city  ;  and  of  this  church  he  was  the  pastor  for 
several  years.  The  Baptists  at  this  period  in  Ire- 
land were  quite  numerous,  and  they  held  impor- 
tant positions  in  the  English  army.  Mr.  Harrison, 
a  Pedobaptist,  writing  to  Thurloe,  Cromwell's  chief 
secretary,  says  of  Mr.  Blackwood,  ''  lie  is  the  oracle 
of  the  Anabaptists  in  Ireland."  lie  was  regarded 
as  "  a  very  learned  man,"  better  acquainted  with 
the  early  Christian  fathers  than  most  men  in  his 
day.  He  was  the  author  of  several  valuable  works, 
which  were  very  popular,  and  which  rendered 
effective  service  to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Blain,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y., 
Feb.  1-t,  1795;  converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen  ;  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Albany,  under 
Kev.  Joshua  Bradley  ;  studied  for  the  ministry, 
and  began  preaching  in  1819  ;  served  various 
churches,  and  labored  as  an  evangelist  in  New 
York,  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,  and  Massachu- 
setts ;  was  blessed  with  powerful  revivals ;  a  leader 
in  the  temperance  movement ;  baptized  about  3()l)(1 
persons  ;  preached  more  than  9500  sermons  ;  as- 
sisted in  nearly  100  revivals;  married  about  2000 
couples ;  spoke  in  about  1000  different  places  ;  gave, 
while  living,  to  home  and  foreign  missions  more 
than  §19,000,  and  left  his  property  to  missions  ;  had 
three  bri)thers,  who  were  also  preachers.  He  died 
in  Mansfield,  Dec.  26,  1879,  in  his  eighty-fifth  year  ; 
a  man  of  great  spiritual  might. 

Blake,  E.  Nelson, — Mr.  Blake,  at  present  the 
leading  partner  in  the  Dake  Bakery,  an  extensive 
and  prosperous  establishment  in  Chicago,  was  bori\ 
in  1831,  at  West  Cambridge,  now  Arlington,  Mass. 
Changes  in  the  family,  caused  by  his  father's  death, 
interfered  with  his  studies  at  an  early  age,  and 
threw  upon  him  unusual  responsibilities.  His 
proficiency  at  school,  nevertheless,  was  such  that 
opportunities  to  begin  life  as  a  teacher  were  opened 
to  him.  Declining  these,  he  chose  a  business  life, 
removing  to  California  with  this  view  in  1850. 
Some  brilliant  openings  for  acquiring  a  large  for- 


tune were  offered  him,  but  a  pledge  to  his  family 
that  he  would  not  make  California  a  permanent 
home  compelled  him  to  decline  all  such,  and  he 
returned  East  in  1853.  Engaging  in  business  in 
Boston,  he  made  such  progress  that  in  1869  he  was 
able,  in  company  witli  others,  to  purchase  the 
Dake  Bakery  in  Chicago,  which  has  since  grown 
to  the  dimensions  of  the  largest  establishment  of 
the  kind  in  this  country.  To  remarkable  business 
capacity  Mr.  Blake  unites  perfect  integrity,  and  at 
the  same  time  a  spirit  of  Christian  liberality  which 
prompts  him  to  use  his  large  means  in  enterprises 
of  Christian  usefulness.  He  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  and  uniting  with  a  Baptist  church, 
began  a  career  of  Christian  activity  in  various  de- 
partments of  church  work,  in  which  he  still  finds 
great  delight.  His  membership  is  now  with  the 
Second  church  in  Chicago.  As  a  trustee  of  the 
university  and  of  the  theological  seminary,  he  has 
rendered  important  service,  helping  both  institu- 
tions in  their  pecuniary  straits  with  a  free  and 
open  hand.  His  donations  to  the  seminary,  in 
particular,  are  believed  to  aggregate  more  than 
that  of  any  other  man. 

Blakewood,  Rev.  B.  W.,  LL.D.,  an  active  and 
zealous  worker  in  the  Louisiana  Association,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina,  and  is  about  fifty  years  of 
age.  After  a  literary  course  he  studied  medicine 
in  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  and  was  offered 
the  chair  of  Surgery  in  Oglethorpe  Medical  Col- 
lege. Subsequently  he  graduated  in  law  at  Har- 
vard University.  He  came  to  Louisiana  about  the 
year  1S50  as  a  Baptist,  having  been  immer.scd  in 
Georgia  in  1849.  He  settled  on  Bayou  de  Glaise, 
and  became  an  active  promoter  of  the  cause  of  the 
Baptists.  He  has  filled  many  important  positions, 
— moderator  of  Louisiana  Association,  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  president  of 
the  State  Sundaj'-School  Convention,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature.  A  few  years  ago  Dr.  Black- 
wood was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  is  zeal- 
ously devoting  himself  to  the  work. 

Blanton,  Rev.  William  C,  was  bom  in  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Ky.,  Felj.  3,  1803.  He  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Forks  of  Elkliorn  church  in 
1827,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1833.  After 
preaching  one  year  as  a  licentiate,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastoral  care  of  Lebanon  and  North 
Benson  churches.  AVith  these  churches  he  labored 
until  near  the  time  of  his  death.  At  different  pe- 
riods he  preached  as  supply  for  Pigeon  Fork,  Mount 
Pleasant,  Providence,  and  Buffalo  Lick  churches. 
His  great  zeal,  unaffected  piety,  and  the  "  sweet 
simplicity"  of  his  preaching  won  the  hearts  of  the 
multitudes,  and  l)y  him  many  were  led  to  the  Sa- 
vioui-.  He  died  at  his  home  in  his  native  county, 
Aug.  21,  1S45. 

Bleakney,   Rev.   James,   was  born  in  New 


BLEDSOE 


106 


BLISS 


Brunswick,  and  ordained  in  1833.  He  was  pastor 
at  Norton,  Upham,  Little  River,  and  Gondolon 
Point  chui'ches.  His  laliors  as  missionary  in  the 
northern  counties  and  other  parts  of  New  Bruns- 
wick were  higlily  useful.  He  baptized  over  a 
thousand  converts.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1861.  Three 
of  his  sons — W.  A.  J.  Bleakney,  James  E. 
Bleakney,  and  J.  C.  Bleakney^are  useful  pastors 
in  Nova  Scotia. 

Bledsoe,  Hon.  Thomas  W.,  was  born  in  Green 
Co..  Ga.,  April  11,  1811  ;  was  for  several  years  presid- 
ing judge  of  the  Inferior  Court  of  Tolbert  Co.,  Ga. 
He  settled  as  a  planter  in  Louisiana  in  1845 ;  was 
four  years  moderator  of  Red  River  Association,  and 
eight  years  president  of  the  Louisiana  Baptist  Con- 
vention,    lie  died  in  1S71. 

Bleecker,  Garrat  Noel,  an  eminent  iron  mer- 
chant of  New  York  City,  was  born  in  New  York 
in  1815,  and  died  May  28,  1853.  Ilis  father,  by 
the  same  name,  was  also  a  prominent  citizen,  and 
was  at  one  time  comptroller  of  New  York.  Father 
and  son  were  members  of  the  Oliver  Street  Baptist 
church,  and  from  the  commencement  to  the  close 
of  their  religious  life  the  personal  consecration  of 
each  seemed  complete.  The  son  joined  the  chui'ch 
at  twenty-one,  but  from  fifteen  had  been  a  zealous 
teacher  in  the  Sunday-school,  and  was  apparently 
from  his  childhood  a  devout  Christian. 

Habits  of  prayer,  taught  him  in  his  infancy,  and 
never  intermitted  through  life,  but  increased  to 
three  times  a  day,  morning,  noon,  and  night,  as  he 
came  to  years  of  discernment,  were  the  foundation 
of  the  saintly  character  for  which  he  was  distin- 
guished. He  was  as  active  in  labors  in  the  church 
and  Sunday-school  and  missionary  work  as  he  was 
devoted  in  spirit.  He  was  successful  in  business, 
and  generous  in  dispensing  its  profits,  which  he 
regarded  as  truly  the  Lord's. 

He  withdrew  from  his  first  partnership  because 
it  involved  the  necessity  of  profiting  by  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors.  lie,  with  a  friend,  then  entered 
into  the  iron  business.  Success  came  rapidly,  and 
the  application  of  his  rule,  to  make  wealth  useful, 
conferred  upon  many  a  needy  cause  a  timely  bene- 
fit. He  made  his  pastor,  Rev.  Elisha  Tucker,  D.D., 
the  almoner  of  many  charitable  gifts  to  the  poor, 
for  whom  he  felt  the  tenderest  sympathies,  because 
he  was  so  constant  a  laborer  among  them  in  evan- 
gelistic work.  About  the  time  of  his  death  the 
educational  interests  of  New  York  Baptists  were  in 
a  condition  to  make  endowments  necessary,  and  he 
gave  $3000  to  the  theological  seminary  at  Hamil- 
ton. Had  his  life  been  spai-ed,  no  doubt  large 
donations  would  have  followed.  In  his  will  he  be- 
queathed §12,000  more  to  that  institution,  which 
was  promptly  paid  by  his  executors,  being  the  first 
large  donation  to  its  funds. 

Besides  §8000  to  the  American  Baptist  Home 


Mission  Society,  he  left  liberal  bequests  to  our  other 
denominational  societies. 

Blewett,  Prof.  B.  T.,  was  bom  in  1820  in 
Bowling  Green,  Ky.  He  entered  Georgetown  Col- 
lege in  1841,  and  graduated  in  184('i,  and  tanght  in 
that  institution  till  1853.  Mr.  Blewett  left  George- 
town, and  for  some  time  was  Professor  of  Moral 
and  Intellectual  Philo.sophy  at  Bethel  College, 
Russellville,  Ky.  In  1860  he  became  connected 
with  Augusta  College,  Ky.  ;  in  1871  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.  He  is  now  president  of  the  St. 
Louis  Female  Seminary.  He  made  a  profession  of 
religion  in  1840,  and  was  baptized  in  Kentucky. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  the  .same  year.  Prof. 
Blewett  is  a  cultured  Christian  gentleman,  enjoy- 
ing the  confidence  of  all  who  know  him. 

Bliss,  George  Ripley,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born 
in  Sherburne,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1816  ;  entered  Madi- 


GEORGE    RIPLEY    BLISS,   D.D.,   LL.D. 

son  University  in  1837,  and  graduated  in  1838; 
graduated  from  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1840;  was  tutor  in  Madison  University  for  three 
years.  In  December,  1843,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  chnrch  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  re- 
mained until  May,  1849,  when  he  accepted  the 
Greek  professorship  in  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg.  He  wa.s  also  for  two  years  president  of  the 
theological  department.  Thus  his  connection  with 
the  university  dates  almost  from  its  beginning,  and 
its  subsequent  growth  was  largely  due  to  the  in- 
fluence of  his  profound  scholarship  and  self-sacri- 
ficing labors.  In  1874  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  Biblical  Exegesis  in  the  Crozer  Theological 
Seminai-y,  which  position  he  now  holds.     He  has 


BLITCH 


107 


BLOOD 


also  been  prominently  identified  with  the  work  of 
Bi))Ie  revision.  lie  received  the  dej^ree  of  D.D.  in 
1860  from  Madison  University,  and  that  of  LL.D. 
in  1878  from  the  university  at  Lewisl)ur;r. 

Dr.  Bliss  is  a  noble  specimen  of  intellectual  and 
spiritnal  matihood.  His  scholarly  attainments  are 
widely  known  and  recognized,  notwithstandinn;  the 
hindrances  to  publicity  that  are  imposed  Ijy  his 
quiet  and  unobtrusive  manners.  His  sermons  and 
writings  display  a  rich  fund  of  sublime  thought, 
elegant  diction,  and  convincing  argument. 

Blitch,  Joseph  Luke,  D.D.,  was  born  March 
3,  JS39,  in  Duval  Co.,  Fla. ;  is  the  sim  of  Rev. 
Benj.   Blitch,  an   eminent  Baptist  preacher.     He 


JOSEPH    LUKE   BLITCH,    D.D. 

was  converted  at  fifteen,  but  "boy  conversions" 
being  then  unpopular,  he  was  baptized  two  years 
hiter.  He  began  talking  for  Jesus  as  soon  as  con- 
verted, and  the  Sunday  after  his  baptism  he  went 
fifty  miles  to  hear  a  great  preacher.  Crowds  hail 
gathered  at  Ready  Creek  ;  the  preacher  faih^l,  and 
young  Brother  Blitch  took  charge  of  the  meeting, 
and  almost  unconsciously  began  preaching  from 
the  words,  "  Behold  the  Lamb  of  God !''  From 
that  day  till  now  he  has  preached  every  Sunday 
save  one  from  one  to  four  sermons.  He  graduated 
at  fiercer  University  in  1863,  the  only  graduate 
that  year,  preaching  to  three  churches  while  in 
college,  having  been  ordained  by  the  Macedonia 
church  in  1860.  He  was  pastor  at  Aberlare,  near 
Augusta,  several  years.  At  one  time  he  im- 
mersed 99  converts  before  leaving  the  water.  He 
next  served  Shiloh,  Macedonia,  and  Lafayette 
churches;  thence  to  Macon,  Ga.,  where  he  estab- 


lished the  Second  church,  and  at  the  close  of  a  two 
years'  pastorate  left  it  with  a  good  house  and  over 
one  hundred  members.  He  was  pastor  one  year 
at  Little  Rock,  Ark. ;  two  years  at  Marshall, 
Texas;  Boenville,  one  year;  Lee  Summit,  Mo., 
three  years.  In  1873  he  went  to  California;  was 
pastor  at  Dixon  six  years,  taking  .an  active  part, 
officially,  in  education  and  mission  interests.  In 
1879  he  located  at  Walla  Walla,  Washington  Terri- 
tory, and  has  already  organized  a  vigorous  church. 
About  2000  have  been  converted  under  his  minis- 
try, of  whom  he  has  baptized  1G36.  La  Grange 
University,  Mo.,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
D.D.  Several  of  his  sermons  have  been  published, 
one  of  which,  "  Thy  kingdom  come,"  so  delighted 
Spurgeon,  of  London,  that  he  said  of  it,  "  Every 
sentence  carries  the  sound  of  a  glorious  victory.  I 
love  it." 

Blodgett,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Randolph, 
Vt.,  Nov.  20,  1792;  born  again  in  1817.  when  he 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Denmark,  N.  Y. ; 
licensed  to  preach  in  1818 ;  he  became  in  subse- 
quent years  pastor  at  Champion,  Lowville,  and 
Broad  Street,  Utica,  N.  Y.  After  a  year  in  Ten- 
nessee, he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Lebanon, 
0.  From  Lebanon  he  went  to  Centreville,  and 
thence  to  Casstown,  0.,  where  he  remained  two 
years.  In  1854  he  left  Ohio  for  a  two  years'  so- 
journ in  Indiana,  but  returned  to  settle  at  Frank- 
lin, O.,  where  he  continued  until  disease  and  (jld 
age  terminated  his  active  work.  He  died  July  24, 
1876. 

Father  Blodgett  was  a  man  of  wide  popularity. 
He  was  familiarly  called  in  Ohio  "John,  the  Be- 
loved." Kind  and  conciliatory  in  his  manner,  and 
full  of  earnest  love  for  men,  he  endeared  himself 
to  all.  Probably  no  one  is  more  affectionately  re- 
membered by  those  who  knew  him  and  had  the 
pleasure  of  hearing  him  preach. 

Blood,  Rev.  Caleb,  was  born  in  Charlton, 
Mass.,  Aug.  18,  1754.  His  conversion  took  place 
when  he  was  twenty-one,  "  his  first  serious  impres- 
sions having  been  received  amidst  the  gayeties  of 
the  ball-room."  He  commenced  to  preach  a  year 
and  a  half  after  joining  the  church,  and  was  or- 
dained as  an  evangelist  in  the  fall  of  1777.  He 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Weston,  Slass.,  and 
remained  such  for  seven  years,  and  then  removed 
to  Shaftsbury,  Vt.,  early  in  1788.  Here  a  large 
blessing  was  vouchsafed  to  him.  In  one  revival — 
that  of  the  winter  of  1798-99 — 175  persons  were 
added  to  the  church.  Besides  looking  after  the 
spiritual  interests  of  his  own  flock,  he  performed 
the  work  of  an  itinerant,  visiting  in  his  preaching 
tours  the  northwest  parts  of  New  York  and  the 
neighljoring  province  of  Canada.  The  fame  of  his 
excellence  and  success  as  a  minister  reached  the 
metropolis  of  New  England,  and  when  the  Third 


BLUE  MOUNTAIN 


108 


BOARDMAN 


Baptist  church,  tlien  recently  formed,  were  looking 
out  for  a  pastor,  their  attention  was  turned  to  him. 
For  three  years  he  acted  as  the  pastor  of  this  infant 
church,  and  then  removed  to  Porthmd,  Me.,  wliere 
he  liecame  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church. 
Here  he  continued  until  removed  by  death,  March 
6,  1X14.  Mr.  Blood  was  strongly  Calvinistic  in  his 
doctrinal  views,  and  was  a  good  type  of  a  large 
class  of  some  of  the  most  worthy  and  successful 
ministers  of  his  denomination  in  the  times  in  which 
he  lived.  He  was  always  strongly  in  favor  of 
"law  and  order."  His  preaching  was  attended 
with  powerful  revivals,  but  he  always  discouraged 
an  excess  of  mere  animal  feeling,  and  knew  well 
the  difference  between  the  genuine  operations  of 
the  Holy  Spirit  and  mere  human  excitement.  We 
are  tcild  that  "  in  the  earlier  part  of  his  ministry, 
attending  a  meeting  marked  with  excitement  and 
zeal,  but,  as  he  thought,  'not  according  to  knowl- 
edge,' a  good  woman,  at  the  close,  came  to  him, 
with  uplifted  hands,  exclaiming,  'Oh,  Mr.  Blood, 
did  you  ever  see  such  a  meeting  before?'  'No.' 
he  promptly  replied,  '  and  I  hope  I  never  shall 
again.'  "  The  reply  was  the  true  index  of  the 
man,  and  of  the  principles  by  which  he  was  gov- 
erned through  his  ministerial  life. 

Blue  Mountain  College,  located  at  Blue  Moun- 
tain, Miss.,  is  the  leading  female  college  in  North 
Mississippi;  Rev.  M.  P.  Lowery,  D.D.,  Principal. 

Boardman,  George  Dana,  D.D.,  son  of  the 
Rev.  George  Dana  Boaidiiian,  and  step-son  of  Kev. 
Adoniram  Judson,  was  born  in  Tavoy,  Burmah, 
Aug.  18,  1828.  At  six  years  of  age  he  embarked 
for  America,  and  journeyed  the  entire  distance 
alone.  During  the  voyage,  which  lasted  nine 
months,  he  was  subjected  to  severe  hardship  and 
ill  treatment,  and  was  nearly  captured  by  Malay 
pirates  when  in  a  small  lioat  off  Singapore.  But 
the  young  and  enfeebled  life  was  graciously  spared 
for  a  career  of  remarkable  vigor  and  usefulness ; 
he  was  baptized,  while  yet  a  lad,  by  Dr.  William 
Lamson,  at  Thomaston,  Me. ;  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  18-tf) ;  became  disheartened  during  his 
Sophomore  year,  and  spent  two  years  in  Indiana, 
Illinois,  and  Missouri,  reading  law  and  engaging 
in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  sub.sequently  re-en- 
tered Brown  University,  and  graduated  in  1852; 
graduated  fi-om  Newton  Theological  Institution  in 
1855.  In  consequence  of  pulmonary  troubles  he 
settled  at  Barnwell  Court-House,  S.  C,  where  he 
was  ordained,  December,  1855.  After  a  five  months' 
pastorate  he  returned  to  the  North,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  church  at  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  until  May,  1864.  He  then  en- 
tered upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First  church  at 
Pliiladelphia,  where  he  still  remains,  esteemed, 
honored,  and  beloved. 

To  his  wife   he  lovingly  dedicated   one  of  his 


choicest  publications,  speaking  of  her  as  one 
"  whose  poetic  insight  into  the  meaning  of  nature 
has  been  my  inspiration." 

During   his   pastorate   in    Philadelphia   he    has 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa ; 


UEORGE    DAN.V    B0AKL1.MAN,    D.D. 

and  in  his  journeys  abroad,  as  well  as  in  his  studies 
at  home,  he  has,  with  careful  intensity,  sought  to 
understand  the  truths  of  divine  revelation.  With 
a  soul  full  of  devout  inquiry,  and  with  an  intellec- 
tual vigor  that  sometimes  threatened  the  prostra- 
tion of  his  physical  powers,  he  has  diligently  en- 
deavored to  know  and  preach  the  gospel  of  Christ; 
and  those  who  attend  upon  his  ministry  are  en- 
riched by  his  devout  and  scholarly  expositions.  At 
the  Wednesday  evening  services  of  the  church  he 
has  delivered  184  lectures  on  the  Life  of  our  Lord, 
55  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  14  on  the  Epistles 
to  the  Thessalonians,  ICi  on  the  Epistle  to  theGala- 
tians,  39  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Corinthians,  39  on 
the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  11  on  the  Epistle  to 
the  Ephesians,  8  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Colossians, 
12  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Philippians,  14  on  the 
Epistles  to  Timothy,  3  on  the  Epistles  to  Titus,  and 
1  on  the  Epistle  to  Philemon,  making  396  weekly 
expository  lectures.  These  are  to  be  continued 
through  the  entire  New  Testament.  He  has  also 
published  numerous  sermons,  pamphlets,  and  re- 
view articles,  etc. 

During  1878  he  delivered  14  lectures  on  "  The 
Creative  AVeek"  to  immense  audiences  gathered  at 
mid-day  on  successive  Tuesdays  in  the  hall  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  As.sociation.  These  lec- 
tures have  since  been  published  in  book-form.    He 


BOARDMAN 


109 


BOARDMAN 


has  also  published  "  Studies  in  the  Model  Prayer" 
and  "  Epiphanies  of  the  Risen  Lord." 

His  varied  and  cultured  aljilities  have  received 
repeated  and  woll-nieritcd  recognition.  The  mis- 
sionary and  educational  boards  of  the  denomina- 
tion have  been  honored  by  his  membership ;  and  at 
the  Saratoga  meetings  in  18S0  he  was  unanimously 
chosen  president  of  the  American  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Union.  lie  is  also  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Pliilosophical  Society.  Such  honors  justly  belong 
to  one  who  is  widely  known  and  esteemed  as  a 
courteous  and  scholarly  Christian  gentleman. 

Boardman,  Rev.  George  Dana,  Sr.,  was  born 
in  Livermore,  Me.,  Fell.  8,  ISdl.  His  father,  Rev. 
Sylvanus  Boardman,  at  the  time  of  his  birth  was 
the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  ehui-ch  in  that  place. 
Mr.  Boardman  was  a  member  of  the  first  class  that 
was  formed  in  Waterville  College  ;  he  graduated 
in  1822.  He  was  ordained  at  North  Yarmouth, 
Me.,  Feb.  16,  1825,  and,  with  his  wife,  sailed  the 
16th  of  July  for  Calcutta,  arriving  there  early  in 
the  following  December.  They  took  up  their  resi- 
dence at  Chitpiire,  near  Calcutta.  Here  they  re- 
mained until  March  20,  1827,  when  they  embarked 
for  Amherst,  in  Burmah.  From  Amherst  Mr. 
Boardman  proceeded  at  once  to  Maulmain.  In 
Ajiril,  1828,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boardman  removed  to 
Tavoy,  and  commenced  missionary  work  in  that 
town.  It  was  a  place  of  upwards  of  9000  inhab- 
itants. It  was,  moreover,  one  of  the  principal 
strongholds  of  the  religion  of  Gaudama,  filled  with 
temples  and  shrines  dedicated  to  heathen  worship. 
Within  the  limits  of  the  town  there  were  nearly  a 
thousand  pagodas.  As  soon  as  his  zayat  was 
Ijuilt  Mr.  Boardman  began  his  work  with  apostolic 
zeal,  and  with  a  firm  trust  in  God  that  this  work 
would  not  be  in  vain.  Two  converts  soon  rewarded 
his  labors,  and  a  wide-spread  interest  in  the  new 
religion  began  voi-y  soon  to  show  itself  in  Tavoy. 

In  the  family  of  Mr.  Boardman  there  lived  a  man 
in  middle  life,  once  a  slave,  but  now  free  through 
the  kindness  of  the  missionaries,  who  had  bought 
his  freedom.  This  man  was  a  Karen,  Ko  Thah- 
byu  by  name.  He  belonged  to  a  race  among  whom 
Mr.  Boardman  was  to  gain  a  multitude  of  converts 
to  the  Christian  religion.  This  people  are  found 
in  tlie  forests  and  mountains  of  Burmah  and  Siam, 
and  in  some  sections  of  China.  The  name  by  which 
they  are  known  is  Kanairs  or  Karens,  which  means 
loild  men.  They  seem  to  have  been  singularly  pre- 
pared to  receive  the  gospel.  It  was  to  this  inter- 
esting race  that  Mr.  Boardman,  assisted  by  his 
faithful  co-laborer,  Ko  Thah-liyu,  directed  his  prin- 
cipal attention  in  the  prosecution  of  his  missionary 
work. 

The  constitution  of  Mr.  Boardman,  never  very 
strong,  began  to  give  way  under  the  severe  labors 


of  his  missionary  life.  lie  had  been  entreated 
once  more  to  visit  the  Karens  in  their  villages,  and 
administer  to  the  new  converts  the  sacred  rite  of 
Christian  baptism.  In  spite  of  his  feeble  health 
he  determined  to  yield  to  their  request.  Lying  on 
a  cot  borne  on  the  shoulders  of  the  Karens,  and 
.accompanied  by  Mrs.  Boardman,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mason,  who  had  lately  arrived  at  Tavoy,  he  set 
out  on  his  journey.  Three  days  they  toiled  slowly 
on  through  the  valleys  and  over  tlie  hills  of  Bur- 
mali,  and  reached  at  length  the  zayat  which  the 
faithful  disciples  had  built  for  them.  '•  It  stood," 
says  Prof.  Gammell,  "  on  the  margin  of  a  beautiful 
stream,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  mountains,  whose 
sloping  sides  were  lined  with  the  villages  of  the 
strange  people  whom  they  had  come  to  visit.  More 
than  a  hundred  were  already  assembled  at  the  z.nyat, 
nearly  half  of  whom  were  candidates  for  baptism. 
At  the  close  of  the  day,  just  as  the  sun  was  sinking 
behind  the  mountains,  his  cot  was  placed  at  the 
river-side,  in  the  midst  of  the  solemn  company  that 
was  gathered  to  witness  the  first  baptism  which 
that  ancient  mountain-stream  had  ever  beheld.  As 
he  gazed  in  silent  gratitude  upon  the  scene,  he  felt 
that  his  work  was  finished,  his  last  promise  to  these 
scattered  disciples  was  now  fulfilled,  and  he  was 
ready  to  depart  in  peace."  The  next  day  tlie  mis- 
sionaries started  to  return  to  Tavoy,  hoping  to 
reach  the  home  of  Mr.  Boardman,  so  that  he  might 
die  beneath  his  own  roof,  but  it  was  ordered  other- 
wise. Before  the  close  of  the  second  day's  journey 
the  end  had  come,  and  the  weary  spirit  passed  to 
its  home  in  the  skies.  The  event  took  place  Feb. 
11,  1831.  The  remains  were  taken  to  Tavoy  and 
laid  in  a  tomb,  in  what  was  at  one  time  a  Buddhist 
grave.  How  much  had  been  crowded  into  that 
brief  thirty  years'  life!  What  trains  of  holy  in- 
fluence were  set  in  motion  within  the  few  short 
years  of  that  missionary  career  !  We  nmy,  as  a 
denomination,  be  truly  grateful  to  God  that  he 
gave  us  so  pure,  so  holy,  so  thoroughly  consecrated 
a  pioneer  in  the  early  missions  aiEiong  the  Burmese 
and  the  Karens. 

Boardman,  Rev.  Sylvanus,  father  of  the  hon- 
ored missionarj'.  (jeorge  Dana  Boardman.  and 
grandfather  of  Rev.  G.  D.  Boardman.  D.D.,  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  in  Chilmark,  Mass.,  Sept. 
1.5.  1757.  In  early  life  his  religious  connection  was 
with  the  Congregationalists.  but  in  17'.l.3  he  changed 
his  sentiments  and  became  a  Baptist.  In  February, 
1802,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  with 
which  he  originally  united,  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Livermore,  Me.  Here  he  remained  not  far  from 
eight  years, — 1802-10, — when  he  was  called  to  the 
pastoral  charge  of  the  church  in  Xorth  Yarnuiuth, 
Me.  With  this  church  he  continued  until  1816, 
and  then  accepted  a  call  to  New  Sharon,  Me.  Of 
the  church  in  this  place  he  was  pastor  about  twenty- 


BODENBENDER 


110 


BOLLES 


seven  years,  when  ho  was  compelled,  on  account  of 
feeble  heath  and  the  infirmities  of  age,  to  resign. 
He  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  and  died  in  New  Sharon, 
March  16,  1845. 

Bodenbender,  Rev.  Conrad.— The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  July  10,  1823,  in  Ileskeni, 
Hesse-Cassel,  Germany.  He  was  brought  up  iu  the 
Lutheran  faith,  and  confirmed  when  he  was  four- 
teen years  old.  In  the  twenty-second  year  of  his 
age  he  met  with  Baptists,  and  was  convtirted.  On 
the  16th  of  June,  at  midnight,  he  was  baptized 
upon  profession  of  his  faith.  Baptism  could  not 
at  that  time  be  administered  in  daylight  on  account 
of  fierce  persecution.  Emigrating  to  America  in 
1849,  Mr.  Bodenbender  remained  for  two  years  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  working  as  a  cabinet-maker.  At 
the  expiration  of  that  time,  feeling  called  to  preach, 
he  entered  the  German  Department  of  Rochester 
Theological  Semin.ary,  pursuing  his  studies  from 
1854  to  1858.  His  first  charge  was  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  where  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  tlie  German 
Baptist  church  in  September,  185(j.  Since  leaving 
Newark  he  has  been  pastor  successively  over  the 
German  churches  of  Tavistock  and  Berlin,  Ontario, 
and  Cliicago,  111.  Since  1873  Mr.  Bodenbender  has 
been  the  honored  pastor  of  the  First  Gorman  church 
in  Bufl'alo,  N.  Y.  Calm  and  thoughtful,  scriptural 
in  his  method  of  sermonizing,  genial  in  social  inter- 
course, unblamable  in  character,  Mr.  Bodenbender 
is  widely  known  and  highly  esteemed  in  the  Ger- 
man churches. 

Boise,  James  Robinson,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
— Dr.  Boise  was  born  in  Blandford,  Hampshire  Co., 
Mass.,  Jan.  27,  1815.  He  was  descended  from  a 
French  family,  which  took  refuge  from  persecution, 
with  many  of  the  Huguenots,  in  the  north  of  Ire- 
land, and  afterwards  emigrated  to  New  England. 
His  grandfather  was  the  second  white  child  born 
in  his  native  town.  His  father,  Enos  Boise,  was 
for  many  years  the  only  Baptist  in  Blandford,  and 
was  in  intimate  relations  with  Gurdon  Robins 
and  Elisha  Cushman,  prominent  Baptists  of  Con- 
necticut, and  founders  of  the  Christian  Secretary. 
On  the  side  of  his  mother,  Alice  Robin.son,  he  was 
related  to  Edward  Robinson,  the  eminent  Biblical 
scholar.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  baptized, 
and  not  long  afterwards  repairocl  to  Hamilton 
Seminary,  now  Madison  University,  to  begin  a 
course  of  classical  studies.  After  al)out  three  years 
spent  in  Hamilton  he  entered  Brown  University, 
where  he  grailuated  in  1840.  He  was  then  elected 
tutor,  and  three  years  later  assistant  Professor  of 
Ancient  Languages.  In  1850  he  resigned  his  posi- 
tion in  Brown  University,  and  spent  a  year  in  Ger- 
many and  six  months  in  Greece  and  Italy.  On  his 
return  home  he  again  took  a  position  in  Brown 
University,  but  six  months  later  accepted  an  invi- 
tation to  the  University  of  Michigan  as  Professor 


of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature.  Here  he 
remained  till  Jan.  1,  18(18,  when  ho  accejited  the 
Professorship  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Cliioago. 
In  1877  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  New  Testa- 
ment Interpretation  in  the  Baptist  Union  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  which  ho  still  occupies. 


JAHES   ROBINSON    BOISE,    PH.D.,    D.D.,    LL.D. 

In  1868,  Professor  Boise  received  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Philosophy  from  the  Universitj'  of  Tu- 
bingen, in  Germany.  In  the  same  year  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred  by  the  University 
of  Michigan,  and  in  1879  that  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
by  Brown  University. 

The  reputation  of  Dr.  Boise  rests  chiefly  upon  his 
success  as  a  teacher,  and  as  editor  of  (ircek  classical 
authors.  lie  is  best  known  us  editor  of  portions 
of  Homer,  Herodotus,  Thucydides,  Xenophon, 
Plato,  and  Demosthenes,  and  also  as  author  of 
''  Exercises  in  Greek  Composition."  His  attention 
is  now  turned  towards  similar  labors  in  connection 
with  the  New  Testament.  His  editions  of  classical 
works  are  valued  for  their  critical  accuracy  and 
their  scholarly  finish,  alike  in  versions  of  the  text 
and  in  annotations.  As  a  teacher.  Dr.  Boise  is 
stimulating,  skillful,  and  exact, — a  born  educator. 
In  the  wide  circle  of  his  personal  friends  he  is 
valued  for  f|ualities  of  sterling  excellence  as  a 
Ciiristiun  and  as  a  man. 

Bolles,  Augustus,  son  of  Rev.  David  and  Su- 
sannah (Moore)  Bolles,  was  born  in  Ashford, 
Conn.,  Dec.  28,  1776;  inherited  superior  powers; 
received  a  good  education  ;  commenced  preaching 
in  February,  1810;  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Tolland,  Conn.,  in  May,  1814;  in  May, 


BOLLES 


111 


BOLLES 


1818,  settled  with  the  church  in  Bloomfiold,  and  re- 
mained till  1S2.'),  when  impaired  liealth  from  severe 
labor  induced  his  removal  to  Hartford ;  preached 
for  several  years  to  destitute  churches;  for  about 
four  years  ably  conducted  the  denominational  paper 
of  the  State,  the  Christ  kin  Scrretary ;  in  1887  re- 
moved to  Indiana  and  organized  a  Baptist  church 
at  La  Porte;  returned  to  Connecticut,  and  in  1839 
began  to  preach  at  Colchester;  supplied  the  church 
for  some  years,  but  refused  settlement.  He  v^as 
a  rare  scholar  and  preaclier  ;  died  in  Colchester. 

Bolles,  David,  son  of  Enoch  and  grandson  of 
John  Bolles,  was  born  in  New  London,  Conn., 
Jan.  14,  1743;  married,  Jan.  10,  17iJ5,  Susannah 
Moore,  of  New  London,  and  moved  to  Ashford 
(now  Eastford),  Conn.;  in  October,  1797,  in  his 
fiftieth  year,  was  ordained  an  evangelist  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Stonington  Union  Associa- 
tion ;  preached  the  gospel  to  destitute  churches  in 
the  vicinity  of  AshfonI ;  in  .Tune,  1801,  settled 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  and  re- 
mained two  years ;  chose  to  labor  with  country 
churches  that  were  destitute ;  left  four  sons, — 
Judge  David  Bolles  and  three  Baptist  preachers. 

Bolles,  Hon.  James  G.,  son  of  Rev.  Matthew, 
was  born  in  Eastfnrd  (then  Ashford),  Conn.,  .Jan. 
17,  1S02;  when  fifteen,  entered  a  printing-office  in 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  remained  till  twenty  ;  went 
to  Boston,  Mass.,  and  was  partner  in  the  firm  that 
published  the  Christian  Watchman  ;  in  1825  settled 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  for  a  time  as  clerk  ;  became 
secretary  of  the  ILirtford  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany; then  president  of  the  North  American  In- 
surance Company  ;  under  President  Lincoln  was 
collector  of  internal  revenue  in  first  Connecticut 
district ;  converted  in  1840;  baptiited  Jan.  24,  1841 ; 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartf(}rd  ; 
chosen  deacon  Feb.  4,  184.5  ;  was  noted  for  benevo- 
lence, purity,  courtesy,  and  consistent  piety;  in 
Dr.  R.  Trumbull's  writings  he  is  sketched  as  the 
"  Christian  gentleman"  ;  discriminating  reader  of 
books ;  greatly  beloved  ;  was  successful  in  busi- 
ness ;  acquired  wealth  ;  gave  largely  ;  made  legacies 
to  benevolent  objects  ;  died  March  27,  1871,  aged 
sixty-nine  years. 

Bolles,  John,  son  of  Thomas  BoUos.  was  born 
in  New  London,  Conn.,  in  1678;  dissatisfied  with 
the  views  of  the  standing  order,  he  adopted  those 
of  the  Baptists,  and  was  baptized  by  John  Rogers, 
the  founder  of  the  "  Hogerene  sect"  ;  engaged  with 
tongue  and  pen  in  theological  discussions  ;  he  was 
of  vigorous  mind  and  great  earnestness;  published 
several  books  and  tracts  devoted  to  tlie  cause  of  re- 
ligious liberty;  was  the  grandfather  of  the  evan- 
gelist, David  Bolles  ;  died  in  1767,  in  his  ninetieth 
year ;  was  a  pioneer  in  bringing  into  Connecticut 
freedom  of  conscience. 

Bolles,  Hon.  John  Augustus,  LL.D.,  son  of 


Rev.  Matthew  Bolles,  a  Baptist  minister,  was  born 
in  Ashford,  now  Eastford,  Conn.,  April  16,  1S09. 
He  entered  Amherst  College  in  1825,  where  he 
spent  two  years,  and  then  became  a  student  in 
Brown  University,  where  he  was  graduated  with 
high  honor  in  the  class  of  1829.  For  a  short  time 
after  leaving  college  he  was  principal  of  the  pre- 
paratory department  of  the  Columbian  College, 
Washington.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Richard  Fletcher,  in  Boston,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Suffolk  in  1833,  and  soon  acquired  dis- 
tinction both  as  a  lawyer  and  a  man  of  letters. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Board  of  Education.  When  the  Boston 
Daiiij  Journal  was  commenced,  in  1833,  he  was  one 
of  its  original  editors.  In  1834  he  wrote  the  prize 
essay  for  the  American  Peace  Society ;  the  same 
year  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  Massa- 
chusetts. He  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Boston  and  occupied  in  literary  pursuits 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  when  he  re- 
ceived nn  appointment  on  the  military  staff  of  Gen. 
.John  A.  Dix.  While  serving  in  this  capacity  he 
was  appointed  judge-advocate  of  the  Seventh  Army 
Corps,  and  provost-judge,  with  the  rank  of  major. 
Subsequently  his  rank  was  raised  to  that  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  he  received  the  appointment 
of  solicitor  of  the  navy  and  naval  judgc-advncate- 
general,  and  was  stationed  at  Washington,  where  he 
died.  May  25,  1878. 

"At  all  periods  of  his  life,"  says  Prof.  Gammell, 
"  Mr.  Bolles  was  exceedingly  fond  of  literary  stud- 
ies. His  published  writings,  besides  those  which 
were  official,  are  numerous,  and  are  scattered 
through  many  of  the  leading  magazines  and  jour- 
nals of  the  day,  the  most  considerable  of  which  are 
the  North  American  llevieic,  the  Christian  lieview, 
and  the  Atlantic  Monthhj.  He  was  also  the  author 
of  an  essay  on  "  Usury  and  Usury  Laws,"  which 
was  published  by  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  led  to  important  modifications  of  the 
laws  on  this  subject  then  existing  in  Massachusetts. 
He  received  from  Brown  University,  in  1866,  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

BoU.es,  Lucius,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ashford, 
Conn.,  Sept.  25,  1799,  of  godly  parents,  who  spared 
no  pains  in  his  early  religious  education.  He  be- 
came a  member  of  Brown  University  in  1797,  and 
graduated  under  President  Maxcy  in  1801.  His 
conversion  took  place  in  one  of  the  vacations  of 
his  college  course,  and  he  decided  to  turn  his  at- 
tentiim  to  the  gospel  ministry.  For  nearly  three 
years  ho  pursued  his  theological  studies  under  Dr. 
Stillman,  at  the  same  time  making  himself  familiar 
with  the  practical  duties  of  the  profession  to  which 
he  meant  to  devote  Iiis  future  life.  Having  com- 
pleted his  term  of  study,  he  accepted  an  invitation 
to  become  the  pastor  of  the  recently-formed  First 


BOLLES 


112 


BOOMER 


Baptist  church  in  Salem,  Mass.,  and  was  ordained 
on  the  '.Uli  of  January,  1805.  The  result  of  such 
a  course  of  procedure  was  most  happy.  The  new 
society  greatly  prospered,  and  in  a  year  from  the 
time  of  their  pastor's  ordination  entered  a  new, 
and  for  the  times  elegant,  edifice,  which,  remodeled 
and  improved  from  time  to  time,  is  now  the  heau- 
tiful  house  of  worship  of  the  First  church  in  Salem. 
The  ministry  of  Dr.  Bolles  continued  for  twenty- 
two  years,  and  was  a  singularly  happy  one.  In 
very  many  respects  it  was  a  model  pastorate,  re- 
garded as  such  by  the  church  he  so  long  and  so 
faithfully  served,  even  down  to  the  present  day. 
Tliere  were  .'J12  added  to  tlie  church  during  the  first 
twenty  j'cars  of  his  ministry.  The  little  church  of 
24  members  had  grown  to  be  two  bands,  a  flourish- 
ing colony  having  gone  out  to  constitute  a  second 
Baptist  church  in  Salem. 

In  the  earlier  stages  of  that  grand  movement 
which  took  its  origin  from  the  appeals  of  Judson 
and  Rice  to  the  Baptist  churches  to  enter  with 
heartier  zeal  into  the  work  of  foreign  missions.  Dr. 
Bolles  took  the  warmest  interest.  At  his  sugges- 
tion, as  far  back  as  1812,  a  society  had  been  formed 
for  the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  translation  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  into  the  JIastern  languages,  under 
the  supervision  of  Dr.  Carey.  Tliis  society  was 
called  the  "  Salem  Bible  Translation  and  Foreign 
Jlissionary  Society,"  and  was  among  the  earliest 
organizations  in  the  denomination -having  for  its 
object  the  conversion  of  the  world  to  Christ.  And 
when,  at  length,  the  rising  tide  of  sentiment  and 
thorough  conviction  of  the  duty  of  the  church  to 
carry  out  the  last  commission  of  her  ascending 
Lord,  assumed  more  definite  shape  and  outline  in 
the  formation  of  a  foreign  missionary  society,  it 
was  not  surprising  that  the  eyes  of  his  brethren 
were  turned  to  Dr.  Bolles  as  a  most  suitable  person 
to  be  its  corresponding  secretary.  He  received  his 
appointment  to  that  office  in  1826,  and  discharged 
its  onerous  and  often  delicate  duties  for  more  than 
sixteen  years  with  a  devotion  which  seemed  never 
to  tire,  and  a  zeal  which  no  discouragement  could 
dampen.  How  much  the  cause  of  foreign  mis- 
sions owes  to  his  prudence  and  discretion  and  good 
common  sense  the  records  of  eternity  alone  will 
disclose. 

Having  most  faithfully  served  his  generation  by 
the  will  of  God,  the  guod  man  fell  asleep  in  Jesus. 
His  death  occurred  Jan.  ."i,  1844. 

Bolles,  Rev.  Matthew,  son  of  Rev.  David  and 
Susannah  (Mooro)  Bolles,  was  born  in  Ashford. 
Conn.,  April  21,  1709  ;  had  a  good  education  ;  in 
early  and  middle  life  engaged  in  secular  business; 
in  1812  began  to  preach  in  Pleasant  Valley,  Lyme, 
Conn.,  where  he  was  ordained  and  settled  in  -June, 
1813,  remaining  till  1816,  his  labors  being  greatly 
blessed ;  from  1817  to  1838  was  successively  pastor 


of  churches  in  Fairfield,  Conn.,  Milford,  N.  II., 
Marblehcad  and  West  Bridgewater,  Mass.  ;  an  elo- 
quent, efi'ective  preacher,  mighty  in  prayer;  died 
in  Hartford,  of  typhus  fever,  Sept.  26,  1838,  in  his 
seventieth  year. 

Bond,  Prof.  Emmons  Paley,  son  of  Joseph  and 
Estlier  (Ford)  Bond,  was  liorn  in  Canterbury,  Conn., 
Sept.  6,  1824;  in  1840  taught  a  school  in  Tolland, 
where  he  was  converted  ;  baptized  in  November, 
1840,  by  Rev.  Sylvester  Barrows,  and  united  with 
the  Tolland  Baptist  church  ;  fitted  for  college  in 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  ;  entered  Brown 
University  in  1846,  and  graduated  in  1851,  mean- 
while having  been  an  assistant  teacher  in  the 
Worcester  Academy  from  Feliruary,  1840,  to  Au- 
gust, 1850  ;  studied  fur  the  ministry  at  the  Hamilton 
Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y. :  in  October,  1852, 
settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  New  Britain, 
Conn. ;  ordained  Dec.  2,  1852,  and  remained  till 
August,  1865;  during  this  pastorate,  from  Novem- 
ber, 1864,  to  May,  1865,  was  chaplain  of  the  14th 
Conn.  Vols,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac ;  became 
principal  of  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  at 
Sufficld,  and  filled  that  chair  five  years ;  in  October, 
1870,  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Agawam, 
Mass,,  and  remained  about  three  years;  in  1873 
was  chosen  Prufessor  of  Latin,  Greek,  Intellectual 
and  Moral  Philosophy  in  Pcddie  Institute,  N.  J., 
and  after  three  years  became  acting  principal  ;  in 
May,  1879,  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Wethersficld,  Conn.,  where  he  now  (1880)  labors; 
wrote  the  iSunday-school  Expositions  for  the  Chris- 
tian Era,  of  Boston,  from  Januarj',  1873,  to  De- 
cember, 1875;  a  man  of  universal  talent  and 
strength. 

Bond,  Rev,  William  P.,  son  of  Lewis  Bond, 
was  born  in  Bertie  Cii.,  N.  C,  Oct.  16,  1813.  He 
professed  religion  at  Chapel  Hill,  in  1831,  and 
was  baptized  by  Dr.  Hooper;  united  with  Mount 
Carmel  church  in  1832;  moved  to  Tennessee  in 
1837,  and  settled  in  Brownsville,  and  engiigod  in 
the  legal  profession  ;  was  elected  judge  of  the  Cir- 
cuit Court  in  1865,  which  office  he  held  until  1871 ; 
January,  1871,  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  minis- 
try; Presbytery,  Revs.  G.  W.  Young,  Mat.  Hills- 
man,  I.  R.  Branham,  and  J.  F.  B.  Mays;  and  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Brownsville  Baptist  church, 
which  position  he  held  for  three  years.  Brother 
Bond  as  a  judge  wore  the  ermine  with  great  dig- 
nity. As  a  speaker  he  is  fluent  and  impressive. 
His  moral  character  is  unsurpassed.  His  attain- 
ments are  of  the  first  order,  and  yet  he  is  very 
modest  and  unpretending.  He  was  at  one  time  the 
president  of  the  West  Tennessee  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, and  he  was  elected  the  president  of  the  Ten- 
nessee Baptist  Convention  at  its  organization. 

Boomer,  Rev.  Job  Borden,  was  bom  in  Fall 
River,   Mass,,   Sept.  8,  1793,  his  father  being  the 


BOONE 


113 


BOONE 


pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Cliarlton,  Mass., 
for  thirty  years,  lie  was  ordained  in  Sutton, 
Mass.,  June  9,  1819,  and  like  his  father  had  a  long 
and  useful  pastorate  in  one  church,  his  connection 
with  it  continuing  twenty-four  years.  At  tlie  end 
of  this  period  he  resigned,  and  subsoquimtly  sus- 
tained the  pastoral  relation  to  two  other  i-hurelies, 
the  one  in  East  Brookfield,  Mass.,  and  the  other 
in  Uxbridge,  Mass.  He  spent  his  last  days  in 
Worcester,  where  he  died  Aug.  16,  1864.  In  that 
part  of  his  native  State  in  which  he  passed  his  min- 
isterial life  his  name  is  held  in  high  esteem,  and  his 
saintly  virtues  will  long  be  cherished  by  the  many 
to  whom  he  broke  the  bread  of  life. 

Boone,  Col.  Daniel,  the  celebrated  hunter  and 
explorer,  though  a  Baptist  in  principle,  was  never 
in  coniniunion  with  any  church,  lie  was  a  man 
of  great  integrity,  enlarged  charity  to  his  race,  and 
profound  reverence  to  God.  His  ))ravery  was  un- 
daunted, and  he  was  almost  womanly  in  the  gentle- 
ness and  amiability  of  his  manners.  His  love  of 
the  beauties  of  nature,  rather  than  his  fondness 
for  adventure,  led  him  to  spend  most  of  his  life  in 
the  great  forests  of  the  AVest.  lie  explored  Ken- 
tucky in  1769-71,  moved  to  the  Territory  in  1775. 
About  1795  he  went  to  Missouri,  where  he  died 
Sept.  26,  1820,  in  the  eighty-sixth  year  of  his  ago. 
His  remains  and  those  of  his  wife  were  removed 
to  Kentucky  and  interred  in  the  State  cemetery  at 
Frankfort  in  1S45. 

Boone,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Northampton 
Co.,  N.  C,  Oct.  1,  1S.')6  ;  baptized  at  thirteen  ;  went 
to  Wake  Forest  College  in  1S60;  served  in  the 
army  during  the  war  ;  was  ordained  in  1867  ;  spent 
two  years  at  the  theological  seminary  at  Green- 
ville, S.  C. ;  was  pastor  in  Charlotte  ;  was  the  first 
princi|ial  of  a  graded  school  in  North  Carolina ; 
has  been  for  several  years  pastor  at  Statesville  and 
Salisbury;  is  moderator  of  the  South  Yadkin  As- 
sociation ;  a  man  of  solid  worth,  strong  faith,  and 
unflagging  perseverance.  Mr.  Boone  is  a  trustee 
of  Wake  Forest  College. 

Boone,  Hon.  Levi  D.,  M.D.— Since  18.>6  Dr. 
Boone  has  been  a  resident  of  Chicago;  at  present, 
therefore,  one  of  its  oldest,  as  he  is  one  of  its  most 
respected  citizens.  He  was  a  n.ative  of  Kentucky, 
and  grand-nephew  of  the  famous  Daniel  Boone.  He 
w.as  born  Deo.  8,  1808.  Ilis  father  died  while  the  son 
was  still  but  a  boy,  his  death  being  the  ultimate 
effect  of  a  wound  received  at  the  battle  of  Horseshoe 
Bend,  in  Kentucky.  In  1S29,  Dr.  Boone  removed 
to  Illinois,  his  home  being  first  at  Edwardsville, 
where  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  B.  F.  Edwards, 
subsequently  at  Hillsborough.  Upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Black  Hawk  war.  Dr.  Boone  at  once 
offered  his  services,  the  first  man  in  his  county  to 
do  so,  and  in  command  of  a  company  of  cavalry 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.     In  1830,  as  n-.en- 


tioned  above,  he  made  his  home  at  Chicago,  where 
he  has  since  resided. 

Dr.  Boone  as  a  physician  was  successful  and  be- 
loved. During  the  three  cholera  years,  1848,  1849, 
and  1850,  he  served  as  city  physician,  filling  that 
position  of  exposure  and  exhausting  labor  to  emi- 
nent acceptance.  He  was,  however,  early  called  to 
positions  of  public  service  apart  from  his  profession  : 
for  three  terms,  a  period  of  six  years,  as  alderman 
of  the  city,  and  in  1855  as  raaj'or.  It  was  during 
his  mayoralty  that  the  improvements  of  various 
kinds  which  so  much  changed  the  character  of  Chi- 
cago as  a  place  of  residence  were  either  commenced 
or  so  organized  as  to  secure  their  rapid  prosecution  ; 
the  high  school  and  reform  school  were  also  estalj- 
lished,  while  in  the  same  period  that  growth  in 
population  began  which  made  Chicago  the  marvel 
of  AmericaJi  cities.  In  all  posts  of  public  service, 
and  in  his  relation  to  public  questions  of  every 
kind,  Dr.  Boone  has  commanded  universal  respect 
as  a  patriotic  citizen  and  an  able  administrator. 
During  the  war,  notwithstanding  his  Southern 
birth,  he  took  his  position  upon  the  right  side,  and 
was  conspicuous  b_y  his  activity  in  behalf  of  the 
government.  Dr.  Boone  has  associated  with  his 
medical  practice  extensive  business  relations,  and 
of  late  j'oars  these  latter  have  chiefly  occupied  him. 
In  all  such  he  has  ever  been  respected  for  his 
sagacity  and  integrity,  and  even  amidst  the  reverses 
consequent  upon  disasters  that  have  befallen  the 
city,  has  borne  himself  resolutely  and  with  fidelity 
to  every  manner  of  trust. 

Dr.  Boone  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Chicago,  and  during 
many  years  was  a  deacon  in  that  church, — one  of 
the  most  liberal,  active,  and  valued  of  the  entire 
body.  For  some  years  past  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  Avenue  church.  In  all  the  enter- 
pi-ises  of  the  denomination  centring  at  Chicago  he 
has  influentially  shared,  giving  largely  of  his  means 
and  holding  a  foremost  place  in  all  denominational 
councils.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
university  at  Chicago,  and  during  nearly  the  entire 
history  of  that  institution  has  been  perhaps  the 
most  influential  man  upon  its  bo.ard  of  trustees, 
contributing  generously  to  its  funds.  Among  the 
Baptist  laymen  of  Illinois  Dr.  Boone's  name  should 
stand  with  those  which  it  is  almost  a  denomina- 
tional duty  and  privilege  to  hold  in  lasting  remem- 
brance. 

Boone,  Rev.  Squire,  a  celebrated  explorer  of 
Kentucky,  son  of  .Squire  Boone,  and  brother  of 
the  famous  hunter.  Col.  Daniel  Boone,  was  born  in 
Berks  Co.,  Pa.,  in  1737.  Soon  after  his  birth  his 
parents  removed  to  North  Carolina,  and  settled  on 
the  Yadkin,  eight  miles  from  Wilkesborough. 
Here  he  remained  until  1770.  It  is  not  known  at 
what  period  ho  united  with  the  church  or  when  he 


BOOTH 


114 


BOOTH 


begiin  to  preach,  but  it  was  previous  to  his  re- 
moving to  the  ^\"est.  The  first  day  of  May,  1769, 
Daniel  Boone  and  five  other  men  set  out  from  the 
Yiidkin  "  to  explore  the  wilderness  of  America  in 
quest  of  the  country  called  Kentucky."  On  the 
7th  of  June  they  first  saw  from  an  eminence  "  the 
bi-autiful  level"  of  Kentucky.  They  spent  the 
summer  and  fall  in  hunting.  The  other  members 
of  the  company  having  returned  home,  Boone  and 
Steward  were  captured  by  the  Indians,  December 
22.  After  seven  days  they  escaped  and  returned 
to  camp  on  Ked  River.  "About  this  time,"  says 
Boone,  in  his  autobiography,  "my  brother.  Squire 
Boone,  with  another  adventurer,  who  came  to  ex- 
plore the  country  shortly  after  us,  .  .  .  accidentally 
found  our  camp."  "Our  meeting,  fortunately  in 
the  wilderness,  gave  us  the  most  sensible  satisfac- 
tion. Soon  after  this  John  Steward  was  killed  by 
the  savages,  and  the  man  that  came  with  my 
brother  returned  home."  The  two  brothers,  now 
left  alone,  built  "a  cottage,"  and  spent  the  winter 
in  hunting.  On  the  1st  of  May,  1770,  Squire 
Boone,  unaccompanied,  returned  to  his  home  for 
horses  and  ammunition,  and  rejoined  his  brother 
on  the  27th  of  July.  The  two  brothers  explored 
the  country  together  as  far  west  as  the  Cumber- 
land River,  giving  names  to  the  different  rivers. 
In  March,  1771,  the  brothers  returned  to  North 
Carolina.  In  the  summer  of  1775  they  again 
moved  to  Kentucky,  and  .settled  in  a  fort  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Kentucky  River,  in  what  is  now 
Madison  County.  Tlio  first  marriage  of  white 
people  in  Kentucky  was  that  of  Samuel  Henderson 
to  Betsy  Calloway,  and  was  celebrated  by  Squire 
Boone,  Aug.  7,  1776,  Squire  Boone  remained  in 
the  fort  at  Boonesborough  until  1779,  when  he  built 
a  fort  in  what  is  now  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  He  was 
prominent  in  the  political  afiairs  of  Kentucky,  a 
member  of  the  Transylvania  Convention,  and  a 
delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Kentucky  to  the 
Virginia  Legislature.  He  moved  from  Shelby 
County  to  Louisville,  and  a  short  time  before  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1815,  he  moved  across 
the  Ohio  into  Indiana  Territory.  His  son.  Squire 
Boone,  and  his  grandson,  Thomas  Boone,  were 
Taluable  Baptist  ministers  in  Kentucky. 

Booth,  Rev.  Abraham,  was  bom  in  Blackwell, 
Derbyshire,  England,  May  20,  1734,  At  ten  years 
of  age  he  was  first  made  to  feel  a  deep  concern  for 
his  salvation.  At  twenty-one  he  was  baptized 
among  the  General  or  Arminian  Baptists.  They 
encouraged  him  to  preach  among  them.  While 
engaged  in  ministering  to  a  church  at  Kirbywood 
House  he  at  first  was  a  bitter  enemy  of  "  personal 
election  and  particular  redemption,"  and  he  printed 
a  poem  "  in  reproach"  of  these  doctrines.  When 
it  pleased  God  to  open  his  eyes  to  see  the  whole 
truth  he  began  to  plan  a  work  that  would  commend 


the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  when  he  was  about 
thirty-three  years  old  he  published  his  "  Reign  of 
Grace,"  Speaking  of  his  Arminian  poem,  he  says, 
"  As  a  poem,  if  considered  in  a  critical  light,  it  is 
despicable ;  if  in  a  theological  view,  detestable ;  as 
it  is  an  impotent  attack  on  the  honor  of  divine 
grace,  in  respect  to  its  glorious  frccness,  and  bold 
opposition  to  the  sovereignty  of  God,  and  as  such 
I  renounce  it." 

His  "Reign  of  Grace"  was  published  through 
the  persuasions  of  Mr.  Venn,  a  distinguished  Epis- 
copal clergyman,  who  took  copies  sufficient  to  en- 
able the  author  to  pay  the  printer.  The  publica- 
tion of  this  work  was  the  cause  of  Mr.  Booth's 
removal  to  London.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Prescott  Street  church  in  that  city  Feb.  16, 
1769.  In  this  field  of  labor  Mr.  Booth  was  emi- 
nently useful,  and  obtained  a  celebrity  which  will 
never  perisli. 

He  was  a  man  of  vast  reading  in  his  own  lan- 
guage and  in  Latin,  and  he  was  justly  reputed  one 
of  the  most  learned  men  of  his  day.  His  friend 
Dr.  Newman  says,  "  As  a  divine  he  was  a  star  of 
the  first  magnitude,  and  one  of  the  brightest  orna- 
ments of  the  Baptist  denomination  to  which  he  be- 
longed. Firm  in  his  attachment  to  his  religious 
principles,  he  despised  the  popular  cant  about 
charity,  and  cultivated  genuine  candor,  which  is 
alike  remote  from  the  laxity  of  latitudinarians  and 
the  censoriousness  of  bigots."  Ilis  "  Reign  of 
Grace,"  and  indeed  all  his  works,  will  continue  to 
instruct  and  delight  the  Christian  world  till  the 
end  of  time. 

He  was  instrumental  in  founding  Stepney  Col- 
lege, which  has  been  such  a  blessing  to  tlie  British 
Baptist  churches. 

Mr.  Booth  was  a  man  of  strict  integrity,  of  great 
devoutness,  and  of  a  large  knowledge  of  the  divine 
AYord.  Few  men  have  served  the  cause  of  God  by 
their  writings,  sermons,  counsels,  and  example 
more  efiectively  than  Abraham  Booth.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1806,  in  his  seventy-third  year,  after  a 
pastorate  of  thirty-seven  years  in  London.  He 
was  the  author  of  eight  works,  besides  a  number 
of  printed  sermons ;  some  of  these  works  have 
passed  through  many  editions. 

Sooth,  Rev.  A.  H.,  a  leading  minister  in  Mis- 
sissippi, was  born  in  Virginia  in  1822,  and  began 
to  preach  in  Tennessee  in  184.5.  For  many  years 
he  has  exerted  a  wide  influence  in  Mississippi  in 
building  up  and  strengthening  the  churches. 

Sooth,  Rev,  C.  0, — About  thirty-eight  years  of 
age,  reared  under  favorable  circumstances,  liber- 
ally educated,  first  studied  and  practiced  medicine, 
then  pastor  at  Citronville,  then  at  Talladega,  now 
in  Montgomery,  Has  labored  some  among  the  col- 
ored people  of  the  State  as  a  missionary  ;  a  grace- 
ful speaker,  a  gifted  preacher,  apt  in  the  selection 


BORUM 


115 


BORUM 


of  language,  ami  though  a  man  of  feeble  health, 
his  services  have  been  of  distinguished  value  in 
organizing  the  interests  of  colored  Baptists  in  Ala- 
bama. 

Bonun,  Joseph  Henry,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon 
James  and  Martha  (Tucker)  Borum,  was  born  in 


JOSEPH    HEXRV    BORUU,    D.D. 

Prince  Edward  Co.,  Va.,  July  20,  1816.  His 
parents  were  highly  respectable.  Both  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Bapti.st  church  of  Christ.  His  father 
and  family  moved  from  Virginia  to  Tennessee, 
December,  182S,  Joseph  being  then  twelve  years 
old,  and  settled  in  AVilson  County,  eight  miles 
east  of  Lebanon,  where  he  remained  three  years  ; 
and  in  December,  1831,  he  removed  to  Tipton 
County,  where  he  resided  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  March  29,  1843. 

After  devoting  a  number  of  years  to  mercintile 
pursuits,  Mr.  Borum,  on  Sept.  20,  1836,  made  a 
public  profession  of  i-eligion  among  the  Methodists. 
There  being  no  Baptist  church  nearer  than  fifteen 
miles,  he  was  over-persuaded  by  his  Methodist 
friends  to  unite  with  them,  having  the  promise  of 
the  preacher  in  charge  to  immerse  him,  with  which, 
however,  he  never  complied.  The  next  Conference 
sent  another  preacher,  to  whom  ho  communicated 
the  fact  that  he  had  joined  the  Methodists  with  the 
express  understanding  that  he  was  to  be  immersed. 
The  preacher  now  in  charge  put  it  off  from  time  to 
time.  A  sermon  against  immersion  by  the  pre- 
siding elder  taught  Mr.  Borum  his  duty,  and  a  few 
days  after  he  heard  it  he  presented  himself  to 
Beaver  Creek  church.  Fayette  Co.,  Tenn.,  for  mem- 
bership, where  he  was  cordially  received,  but  at  the 


time  it  had  no  pastor.  He  was  referred  to  Rev. 
Peter  S.  Gayle,  then  living  near  Brownsville, 
Tenn.,  to  baptize  him,  who,  on  Aug.  17,  1837,  near 
Covington,  Tenn.,  buried  him  with  Christ  in  bap- 
tism. The  Beaver  Creek  church  being  without  a 
pastor,  and  having  no  regular  meetings,  he  could 
not  be  licensed  to  preach.  Impressed  with  the 
duty  of  calling  sinners  to  repentance,  he  conferred 
with  several  brethren  on  the  euVyect,  who  urged 
him  to  go  forward  and  preach  the  gospel.  So,  on 
the  third  Lord's  day  in  September,  one  month  after 
his  baptism,  ho  preached  his  first  sermon  at  Liberty 
meeting-house,  Tipton  Co.,  Tenn.,  forty  years  ago. 
On  March  24,  1839,  a  church  was  organized  at 
Covington,  Tenn.,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member.  He  was  chosen  clerk  at  its  organiza- 
tion, and  soon  after  he  was  elected  deacon.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministrj'  by  the  Cov- 
ington church  on  the  21st  day  of  Seiiteraber,  1845. 
Not  long  after  this  he  removed  to  Durharaville, 
Lauderdale  Co.,  Tenn.,  and  united  with  the  Elon 
church,  and  became  associated  with  Rev.  Geo.  W. 
Young,  the  pastor  of  said  church,  worshiping  in 
Haywood  County.  Durhamville  was  then  the  only 
Regular  Baptist  church  in  Lauderdale  County.  Mr. 
Young  and  he  rode  and  preached  together  (mainly 
in  Lauderdale  County)  for  about  three  years,  when 
they  had  to  separate  to  take  charge  of  churches 
wliich  they  had  constituted.  There  are  now  twenty 
Baptist  churches,  white  and  colored,  in  the  same 
county.  Mr.  Borum  and  Mr.  Y'oung  never  engaged 
in  union  meetings,  nor  did  they  invite  Pcdobaptist 
ministers  into  their  pulpits  to  preach,  regarding 
this  practice  as  inconsistent  with  Bible  teachings 
and  injurious  to  the  truth.  By  pursuing  this 
straightforward  and  consistent  course  the  Lord 
abundantly  blessed  their  labors.  Mr.  Borum  has 
served  the  following  churches  :  Elon,  Grace,  Ripley, 
Covington,  Dyersburg,  Newbern,  Stanton.  Mount 
Olive,  Harmony,  Society  Hill,  Salem,  and  Poplar 
Grove,  in  Tennessee,  and  also  Osceola.  Ark.  He 
had  charge  of  the  Elon  church  for  about  twenty- 
eight  years,  first  and  last.  He  served  the  Covington 
church  about  fifteen  years,  and  the  Dyersburg 
church  ten  years.  He  and  Rev.  G.  W.  Young 
assisted  in  the  organization  of  Elon,  Salera,  Her- 
mon,  Grace  (Pleasant  Plains,  in  conjunction  with 
Rev.  M.  G.  Turner),  and  Ripley,  in  Lauderdale 
County,  Dyersburg,  in  Dyer  County.  Rev.  J.  H. 
Borum  has  acted  as  agent  for  the  Brownsville  Fe- 
male College,  and  the  West  Tennessee  Baptist 
Convention  and  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  has  been  clerk  of 
Big  Ilatchie  Association  for  twenty-eight  years, 
and  moderator  for  two  years ;  and  he  has  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  West  Tennessee  Baptist  Convention 
and  the  Tennessee  Baptist  Convention  for  thirty 
years.     He  is  now  engaged  in  writing  the  history 


BOSTICK 


116 


BOSTON 


of  the  Baptist  ministers  of  Tennessee  (living;  and 
dead)  by  the  re(iuest  of  his  brethren  of  tlie  State. 
lie  is  a  "  Land-marker  "  deeming  their  practice  as 
most  consistent,  and  most  agreeable  to  the  teach- 
ings of  God's  Word.  He  has  removed  to  Dyersburg, 
Dyer  Co.,  Tenn.,  wliere  lie  expects  to  finish  his 
course,  lie  is  now  (1880)  the  pastor  of  Dyers- 
burg.  Elon,  Newbern,  and  Pi)phir  CJrove  churches. 
Bostick,  Rev.  Joseph.  M.,  a  native  of  Beaufort, 
now  llamptiin  Co.,  S.  C.     He  grew  up  surrounded 


REV.    JOSEPH    JI.    BOSTICK. 

by  every  luxury  and  advantage  that  wealth  could 
afford,  yet  remarkably  free  from  the  vices  too  often 
incident  to  his  station  in  life,  lie  graduated  at 
Furnian  University,  Greenville,  S.  C,  and  at  Prince- 
ton Theological  Seminary.  lie  w.as  for  several 
years  pastor  at  Cheraw,  S.  C.  He  now  ministers 
to  the  church  at  Barnwell,  S.  C,  where  he  is  greatly 
beloved. 

Naturally  an  utter  stranger  to  fear,  it  is  well  for 
him  and  others  that  he  was  converted  in  early  life. 
His  vehemence  was  at  once  turned  into  a  new  chan- 
nel. His  piety  is  more  like  that  of  Paul  and  .John 
than  the  cold  and  respectable  type  now  so  common. 
Generosity  is,  perhaps,  even  a  fault  in  him.  His 
talents,  superior  literary  attainments,  and  his  de- 
voted piety  fit  him  eminently  for  usefulness  in  a 
far  higher  position  than  he  has  ever  occupied.  His 
modesty  h.as  kept  him  in  the  background,  while 
others  without  a  tithe  of  his  qualifications  have 
occupied  more  conspicuous  positions. 

Bostick,  Rev.  W.  M.,  was  bom  in  Richmond 
Co.,  N.  C.  ;  attende<l  an  academy  in  Carthage  at 
eighteen ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  A.  D.  Blackwood 


in  August,  1853  ;  read  theology  for  two  years  with 
the  Rev.  Archibald  McQueen,  a  Presbyterian  min- 
ister ;  was  ordained  by  a  Presbytery,  consisting  of 
Revs.  Enoch  Crutchfield,  -John  Mercer,  Nath.  Rich- 
ard.son,  and  F.  M.  Jordan,  and  has  been,  since 
1871,  the  moderator  of  the  Pee  Dee  Association. 

Boston,  First  Baptist  Church.— On  the  Tth  of 
June,  18G.i,  the  First  church  in  Boston  celebrated 
its  two  hundredth  "anniversary. 

On  "  the  28th  of  the  third  month,  1605,  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  the  church  of  Christ,  commonly, 
though  falsely,  called  Anabaptists,  were  gathered 
together,  and  entered  into  fellowship  and  commu- 
nion with  each  other:  engaging  to  walk  together 
in  all  the  appointments  of  their  Lord  and  blaster, 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  as  far  as  he  should  be  pleased 
to  make  known  his  mind  and  will  unto  them,  by 
his  Word  and  Spirit,  and  then  were  baptized."  Here 
follows  the  names  of  sundry  persons  who,  with 
others  from  Old  Kngland  of  like  faith,  formed  them- 
selves into  a  Baptist  church.  Such  is  the  first 
record  on  the  books  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Boston.  The  "  third  month"'  here  alluded  to  dates 
from  the  1st  of  March,  according  to  the  old  reck- 
oning, and  taking  into  the  account  the  change  from 
the  "old  style"  to  the  "  new  style."  we  are  brought 
to  the  Ttli  of  June,  as  corresponding  to  "  the  2Sth 
of  the  third  month." 

The  little  band  of  disciples  of  Christ  began  at 
once  to  feel  the  rigor  of  ecclesiastical  persecution. 
Having  erected  what  we  doubt  not  was  a  plain,  un- 
pretending liouse  of  worship,  they  were,  by  legal 
enactment,  forbidden  to  use  it  for  religious  pur- 
poses. Orders  were  issued  to  the  marshal  to  see  to 
it  that  its  doors  were  not  opened,  and  in  the  faith- 
ful performance  of  his  duty  he  caused  to  be  nailed 
up  on  the  door  this  interesting  order; 

"All  persons  are  tu  take  notice,  that  by  order  of 
the  court  the  donrs  of  this  house  are  shut  up,  and 
that  they  are  inhibited  to  hold  any  meeting  tlierein, 
or  to  open  the  doors  thereof,  without  license  from 
authority,  till  the  court  take  further  order,  as  they 
will  answer  the  contrary  at  their  peril. 

'■Edward  Rawson,  Secretary." 

In  vain  they  protested  against  such  treatment, 
and  pointed  out  the  inconsistency  of  those  who  had 
fled  from  persecution  in  the  Old  World  resorting 
to  it  in  the  New.  A  public  disputation  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor,  with  the  hope  that  the 
obstinate  Baptists  might  be  convinced  of  their  error, 
and  come  into  the  more  respectable  and  the  more 
orderly  fold  of  the  "  standing  order."  The  time  set 
apart  to  hold  this  important  di.scussion  w.as  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning  of  April  14,  1608.  "  The 
Baptists,"  says  Dr.  Neale,  "were  on  hand  promptly 
at  the  appointed  hour,  each  with  his  New  Testa- 
ment, ready  marked,  and  the  leaves  turned  down. 
Nothing  pleased  them  better  than  an  opportunity 


BOSTON 


117 


BOf?TON 


for  free  speech  and  Scripture  quotations.  They 
came  from  all  quarters.  Three  brethren  were  sent 
from  the  church  in  Newport  to  assist  their  brethren 
in  Boston,  it  was  said,  thouj^h  the  Boston  Baptists 
then,  as  now,  felt  abundantly  competent  to  manage 
their  own  affairs.  Providence,  no  doubt,  was  ably 
represented.  The  followers  of  Roger  Williams  were 
always  courageous,  and  like  the  sons  of  Rhode 
Island  in  the  late  conflict,  were  never  known  to  flee 
or  flinch  in  the  presence  of  an  enemy."  And  yet 
after  all  "  the  flourish  of  arms,"  the  poor  Baptists 
were  regarded  as  miserable  heretics,  whom  learned 
divines  might  lecture,  but  to  whom  they  were  not 
permitted  to  reply.  Their  cause  was  already  pre- 
judged before  the  appointed  hearing  commenced. 

As  the  years  rolled  by,  and  a  more  liberal  spirit 
began  to  spread  through  the  community,  the 
severity  of  persecution  was  mitigated.  The  first 
pastor  of  the  church  was  Thomas  Gould.  lie  was 
followed  by  Isaac  Hull,  both  of  them  being  assisted 
in  their  work  by  John  Russell.  Pastors  and  a,sso- 
ciate  "  elders"  seem  to  have  been  the  order  of  things 
for  several  years.  AV'e  come  down  to  the  time  of 
the  ordination  of  Elisha  Callender.  a  young  man  of 
much  promise,  who  had  graduated  from  Harvard 
College  in  the  class  of  1810,  and  was  set  apart  to 
the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  May  21, 1718.  Mr. 
Callender  was  the  greatly  beloved  pastor  of  the 
church  for  twenty  years,  and  died  March  31,  1738. 
His  last  words  were,  "  1  shall  sleep  in  Jesus." 

The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  Jeremiah  Lundy^ 
who  held  the  office  for  twenty-five  years,  lie  was 
followed  by  Samuel  Stillman,  D.D.,  of  whose  pas- 
torate the  reader  will  find  a  full  account  in  the  bio- 
graphical sketch  of  him  in  this  volume.  Dr.  Neale 
says  of  him,  '•  Xo  pastor  befjre  or  since  was  ever 
more  beloved  by  his  church.  His  popularity  was 
uninterrupted,  and  greater,  if  possible,  in  his  old 
age  than  in  his  youth.  A  few  individuals  who 
sat  under  his  ministry,  and  who  were  quite  young 
when  he  was  an  old  man,  still  survive.  They  never 
■weary  of  talking  about  him,  and  even  now  speak 
of  this  as  Dr.  Stillman's  cluu-ch.  They  looked  at 
the  venerable  pastor  not  only  with  tlie  profoundest 
respect,  but  witli  the  observant  ej-e  of  childhood. 
They  noticed  and  remembered  everything  in  his  ex- 
ternal appearance,  his  wig  and  gown  and  bands, 
his  horse  and  carriage,  and  negro  man  Jephtha, — 
how  he  walked,  how  he  talked,  how  he  baptized, 
the  peculiar  manner  in  which  he  began  his  prayers, 
•'O  thou  Father  of  mercies  .ind  God  of  all  grace." 

"Dr.  Stillman,"  continues  Dr.  Neale,  "was 
probal)ly  the  most  popular  orator  of  his  day.  The 
most  distinguished  men  in  the  Commonwealth  were 
often  present  at  his  public  services.  The  elder 
President  Adams  was  a  delighted  listener  to  his 
Bermons.  Governor  Hancock  became,  in  the  latter 
part  of  h;^  life,  a  regular  member  of  his  congrega- 


tion. Persons  who  cared  nothing  for  his  theology 
were  attracted  by  his  fame  aa  a  public  speaker.  A 
strange  gentleman  of  this  class  was  one  day  present 
at  church,  and  seemed  restless  and  uneasy  under 
the  strong  doctrines  of  human  depravity,  divine 
sovereignty,  and  future  retribution  that  were  often 
on  the  preacher's  lips.  On  the  present  occasion  his 
denunciations  of  sin  had  been  unusually  pointed 
and  scathing.  '  Really,'  the  gentleman  remarked, 
as  he  went  out  of  the  sanctuary,  'the  doctor  makes 
us  all  out  a  set  of  rascals,  Imt  he  does  it  so  grace- 
fully and  eloquently  that  1  am  not  disposed  to  find 
fault.'  "  Dr.  Stillman  died  on  the  12th  of  March, 
1807. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Clay,  of  Georgia,  who  had  been 
called  to  be  a  colleague  with  Dr.  Stillman,  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  sole  pastor  of  the  church,  and 
was  installed  as  such  in  the  August  succeeding 
the  death  of  his  predecessor.  He  preached  to  the 
church,  however,  only  a  year,  and  then  his  health 
giving  way,  he  resigned  and  returned  to  his  native 
South.  James  Manning  Winchell  was  the  suc- 
cessor of  Mr.  Clay.  Notice  of  his  ministry  will  be 
found  in  the  sketch  under  his  name.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  the  ministry  of  his  successor,  Francis 
AVayland.  Rev.  Cyrus  P.  Grosvenor  was  the  next 
pastor,  continuing  in  ofiice  for  nearly  four  years. 
He  was  followed  by  Rev.  William  Hague,  who  was 
installed  Feb.  5,  1831,  and  resigned  at  the  end  of 
six  years  to  go  to  the  First  Church,  in  Providence, 
R.  1.  His  successor  was  Rollin  lleber  Neale,  D.D., 
who  was  installed  Sept.  27,  1S37,  and  continued 
sole  pastor  of  the  church,  which  has  been  remark- 
ably blessed  under  his  long  ministry,  until  its  union 
with  the  Shawmut  Avenue  church,  in  1877,  at  the 
time  of  the  writing  of  this  sketch.  Rev.  Dr.  Crane, 
for  many  years  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  is  the  pastor  of  the  united 
churches,  which  retained  the  old  and  honored  name, 
"The  First  Baptist  church  of  Boston." 

Boston,  Rev.  S,  C,  was  bom  near  Rehoboth, 
Somerset  Co.,  Md.,  Aug.  23,  1820.  For  three  years 
he  pursued  his  studies  at  the  Baptist  Seminary 
(Richmond  College),  Va..  and  then  entered  the 
Columbian  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1845. 
He  entered  at  once  on  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
and  for  several  years  labored  as  missionary  under 
the  board  of  the  Maryland  Union  Association,  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 
Mr.  Boston  was  instrumental  in  building  several 
church  edifices  in  the  State,  and  in  repairing  and 
beautifying  others.  From  1857  to  18.W  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Petersburg, 
Va. ;  from  1860  to  1867,  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Farmville,  Va.  ;  from  1867  to  1869,  pastor  of  the 
Lee  Street  church,  Baltimore  :  from  1870  to  1872- 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Frenchtown,  N.  J. ;  and 
from  1872  to  1877,  pastor  of  the  Bruington  church, 


BOSWOETH 


118 


BOS  WORTH 


Va.  In  1877  he  entered  on  the  pastorate  of  the 
Onancock  church,  Aceomac  Co.,  Va.,  where  he 
still  labors.  Mr.  Boston  has  been  greatly  blessed 
in  his  labors,  having  baptized  nearly  300  persons, 
and  having  trained  his  churches  to  the  performance 
of  nil  good  works.  He  has  been  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  religious  papers  and  periodicals, 
and  is  deeply  interested  in  all  the  educational 
movements  of  the  denomination.  Mr.  Boston  is 
the  father  of  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Boston,  a  successful 
young  minister,  now  settled  at  Hampton,  Va. 

Sosworth,  Hon.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Warren, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  2S,  1812.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity, in  the  class  of  1835.  He  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Judge  Haile,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1838,  and,  after  a  brief  residence  in  another 
place,  returned  to  Warren,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession  until  the  year  1854,  when,  on  the  death 
of  Judge  Haile,  he  was  appointed  his  successor  as 
a  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island. 
AVhile  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  he  con- 
ducted many  important  cases,  not  only  in  the 
courts  of  his  own  State,  but  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  tlie  United  States,  being  associated  with  some 
of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers  in  the  country. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  corporation  of 
Brown  University  on  the  Baptist  foundation  in 
1854,  and  for  eight  years  was  faithful  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  as  a  trustee  of  the  college. 
Although  not  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Warren,  he  was  an  attendant  upon  its  worship,  and 
interested  in  all  that  concerned  its  prosperity. 
Judge  Bosworth  died  at  Warren,  May  10,  1862, 
aged  fifty  years  and  four  niontlis. 

Bosworth,  Geo.  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Bel- 
lingham,  Norfolk  Co.,  Mass.,  Sept.  30,  1818.  His 
parents  were  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  he  became  deeply  interested  in 
religion  and  united  with  the  church,  being  baptized 
by  Rev.  Calvin  Newton,  then  the  pastor,  by  whose 
encouragement  he  soon  began  to  speak  and  pray  in 
religious  meetings. 

In  1831,  Mr.  Newton  became  a  professor  in  Wa- 
terville  College,  and  the  year  following  took  young 
Bosworth  into  his  family  and  fitted  him  for  college, 
which  he  entered  in  the  class  of  1837.  His  col- 
legiate course  was  interrupted  by  ill  health,  but 
he  was  awarded  graduation  rank  by  the  board  of 
trustees,  also  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  18.54,  and  that 
of  D.D.  in  1862.  He  took  the  regular  course  in 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  graduating  in  1841. 

In  September,  1841.  he  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Medford,  near  Boston,  the 
chui'ch  being  publicly  "'  recognized'"  on  the  same 
occasion.  .Vfter  a  successful  ministry  of  nearly  five 
years  in  Medford,  he  became  the  pastor  of  the  Soutli 
Baptist  church  in  Boston,  his  installation  occurring 
March  29,  1846.     Here  he  remained  for  nine  years, 


during  which  the  church  enjoyed  prosperity.  He 
then  removed  to  Portland,  Me.,  and  became  pastor 
of  the  Free  Street  Baptist  ilunvh,  February,  1855, 
which  connection  was  sustained  till  Sept.  3,  1865. 


GEO.    IVM.    IIOSWORTH,    D.D. 

During  this  period  Dr.  Bosworth  took  a  very  active 
part  in  the  service  which  secured  the  endowment 
of  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University. 

To  obtain  a  partial  relief  from  exhausting  labors 
he  severed  his  union  with  the  Free  Street  church, 
against  tlieir  urgent  remonstrances,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lawrence, 
Mass.,  Aug.  10,  1865,  and  remained  there  till  the 
close  of  January,  18()9,  when  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  commencing 
his  l:\l)Ors  Feb.  7,  1869. 

From  his  ordination  till  now  he  has  not  been  out 
of  the  pastoral  connection  for  a  single  Sabbath. 
Aside  from  the  ministerial  service  he  has  been 
much  engaged  in  denominational  activities, — secre- 
tary of  the  Massachu-setts  Convention  from  1852 
to  1855 ;  secretary  of  tlie  board  of  trustees  of 
Newton  Theological  Institution  from  1865  till  tliis 
time  ;  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Maine  Bap- 
tist Education  Society  from  1856  till  he  left  the 
State,  in  1865 :  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Northern  Baptist  Education  Society  from  1865  till 
the  present  time.  And  he  has  been  elected  to  fill 
the  place  of  secretary  and  superintendent  of  the 
Massachusetts  Baptist  Convention,  and  has  ac- 
cepted the  appointment,  having  announced  to  the 
church  in  Haverhill  his  purpose  to  close  his  pas- 
toral  labors   at  the  termination  of  ten  years  of 


BOrSFORD 


119 


BOUIC 


Botsford,  Rev.  Edmund,  came  to  Charleston, 
S.  C,  in  1766.  Xoveuiber  1  of  the  same  year  he  was 
converted  under  the  ministry  of  Oliver  Hart,  "a 
day,"  says  Mr.  Botsford,  ''of  light,  a  day  of  joy 
and  peace."  Having  expressed  a  wish  to  enter  the 
mini.stry,  he  was  placed  under  the  instruction  of 
.Mr.  AVillianis,  a  learned  and  pious  member  of  the 
rliurch.  Mr.  Hart  directed  his  theological  studies. 
He  was  licensed  in  February,  1771,  and  ordained 
March,  1772.  The  fathers  of  those  days  regarded, 
more  than  we  do,  the  injunction,  "  Lay  hands  sud- 
denly on  no  man."  Dr.  Manly,  St.,  says,  "  The 
youns  men  were  not  ordained  until  they  had  vis- 
ited some  of  the  churches  and  preached  before  the 
Association  and  obtained  their  approbation." 

He  labored  with  great  acceptance  in  Charleston 
for  a  time,  and  then  traveled  and  preached  exten- 
sivelv  and  with  eminent  success  in  several  States, 
lie  finally  settled  in  Georgetown,  S.  C,  where  he  was 
the  beloved  and  honored  pastor  for  twenty-three 
years.  There  he  rested  on  the  2.5th  of  December, 
1819,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

Mr.  Botsford  had  a  strong  faith  in  the  Saviour's 
abiding  presence,  and  he  enjoyed  much  of  the 
Spirit's  power  in  his  heart.  His  labors  in  Geor- 
gia were  eminently  blessed,  and  he  is  revered  as 
one  of  the  illustrious  and  heaven-honored  founders 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  that  State,  and  he 
has  the  same  distinguished  position  in  the  Baptist 
history  of  South  Carolina. 

Boucher,  Joan,  was  a  lady  of  Kent,  England, 
whose  position  in  society  was  so  exalted  that  she 
had  access  to  the  court  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  for  a 
time  held  an  honorable  position  in  it.  This  lady 
was  accustomed  to  take  Bibles  into  the  palace  for 
distribution,  concealed  under  her  apparel.  She 
visited  the  persecuted  in  prison,  and  contributed 
to  their  support  and  encouragement.  She  loved 
Christ,  and  she  received  such  courageous  grace 
from  him  that  she  feared  nothing  human  and 
nothing  painful.  She  would  defy  a  dozen  bishops, 
or  as  many  executioners,  if  they  attempted  to  com- 
pel her  to  deny  her  faith.  Her  talents  made  her  a 
serious  opponent  in  any  discussion,  even  though 
Cranmer  or  Ridley  took  the  other  side. 

Joan  was  a  firm  Baptist,  and  she  held  a  peculiar 
opinion  about  the  origin  of  the  Saviour's  body. 
'■  You  believe,"  said  Cranmer  to  her,  "  that  the 
Word  was  made  flesh  in  the  virgin,  but  that  Christ 
took  flesh  of  the  virgin  you  believe  not,  because 
the  flesh  of  the  virgin  being  the  outward  man 
[was]  sinfully  gotten,  and  born  in  sin,  but  the 
'Word,  by  the  consent  of  the  inward  man  of  the  vir- 
gin, was  made  flesh."  This  conceit  held  by  Joan 
did  not  impugn  the  divinity  or  humanity  of  Christ, 
or  the  maternal  relations  of  Mary  to  Jesus,  and 
Cranmer  might  have  safely  passed  it  by.  But  she 
was  an  Anabaptist,  and  she   must   recant  or  be 


burned.  She  defended  her  doctrine  of  Christ's 
purity  of  nature  with  great  power  and  persever- 
ance, and  the  protracted  efl'orts  of  two  of  the 
ablest  prelates  in  the  Church  of  England  failed  to 
make  any  impression  upon  her.  She  was  then  de- 
livered up  to  the  secular  power  for  punishment. 
Cranmer  had  much  trouble  in  persuading  the 
youthful  king  Edward  VI.  to  sign  her  death-war- 
rant. He  told  him  with  tears  in  his  eyes  that  if 
he  did  wrong,  since  it  was  in  submission  to  his  au- 
thority, the  archbishop  should  answer  for  it  before 
God.  "  This  struck  him  with  much  horror,  so  that 
he  was  very  unwilling  to  have  the  sentence  exe- 
cuted." But  other  attempts  to  make  Joan  re- 
nounce her  opinions  were  made  with  provoking 
results  ;  and  this  distinguished  Baptist  was  burned 
to  ashes  almost  exclusively  through  the  efforts  of 
Archbishop  Cranmer.  She  passed  through  the 
flames  to  paradise  May  2,  1550,  in  Smithfield, 
London.  Her  death  was  marked  by  perfect  fear- 
lessness and  by  the  full  peace  of  God.  In  Mary's 
time  poor  Cranmer  had  to  drink  the  cup  he  forced 
on  .Joan  Boucher,  and  the  lady's  courage  far  sur- 
passed the  archbishop's  when  the  time  of  trial  first 
approached. 

Bouic,  Hon.  'William  Veirs,  was  born  near 
Edward's  Ferry,  Montgomery  Co.,  Md.,  May   11, 


HO.V.    WILLIAM    VtlRS    BOLll. 

1818.  Ilis  father's  family  were  for  many  genera- 
tions the  honored  residents  of  Acqueville,  France, 
some  of  whom  were  distinguished  among  the  clergy 


BOULWARE 


120 


BOUTETTE 


of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  that  country,  and 
especially  Louis  Doinince,  who  was  a  canon  of  the 
Cathedral  church  of  Rouen.  Judge  Bouic's  father 
■was  Peter  Anable  Tranquelle  Bouic,  who  died  in 
Maryland  in  1823.  Mr.  Bouic  received  his  early 
education  at  a  school  in  the  neighliorhood,  and  at 
the  age  of  twelve  removing  to  Rockville,  Md.,  he 
attended  the  academy  there  for  .several  years,  and 
finally  graduated  in  the  full  course.  Upon  leaving 
school  he  entered  the  law-office  of  John  Brewer, 
Esq.,  Rockville,  and  at  the  termination  of  his  course 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Having  practiced  for 
a  while  at  Warrentun,  Mo.,  he  returned  to  Rock- 
ville to  prosecute  his  profession.  Judge  Bouic  ren- 
dered valuable  services  to  his  country  during  the 
war  by  restraining  violence  and  mitigating  its  ter- 
rible evils  wherever  he  had  the  power.  He  is  in- 
terested in  all  educational  enterprises;  a  firm  friend 
of  the  academy  in  his  town,  and  one  of  the  over- 
seers of  the  Columbian  University,  at  which  a  son 
of  his,  a  promising  young  lawyer,  graduated  with 
honors.  Although  Judge  Bouic's  father  was  a 
Catholic  and  his  mother  an  Episcopalian,  he,  at 
his  conversion,  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Rockville  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  and 
still  is  an  active  member  of  that  body.  He  was 
appointed  in  1.S49,  by  the  attorney-general  of  the 
State  of  Maryland,  deputy  attorney-general  for 
Montgomery  County,  and  that  office  having  been 
abolished,  he  was  elected  in  1851  to  the  office  of 
State  attorney  for  the  same  county  for  the  period 
of  four  years,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold  and 
adorn  by  successive  elections  until  1867.  In  that 
year  he  was  elected  an  associate  judge  of  the  Cir- 
cuit Court  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  Circuit  of  the 
State  for  the  term  of  fifteen  years.  Judge  Bouic 
is  ever  awake  to  the  interests  of  his  fellow-towns- 
men, and  has  done  much  by  his  personal  efforts  to 
make  Rockville  one  of  the  most  beautiful  towns  in 
the  State. 

Boulware,  Rev.  Theodorick,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia, November  13,  1781 1.  lie  was  converted  at 
the  age  of  ten  years.  He  was  ordained  in  1810.  He 
spent  seventeen  years  preaching  in  Kentucky.  He 
removed  to  Missouri  in  1827,  and  lived  in  Calla- 
way County.  He  was  a  man  of  a  high  order  of 
talent,  well  educated,  energetic,  and  an  impressive 
preacher,  and  he  stood  in  the  front  rank  as  a  de- 
fender of  the  faith.  He  took  a  bold  stand  against 
the  organization  of  the  General  Association  because 
of  his  anti-mission  principles,  and  lived  and  died 
connected  Avith  the  Old-School  Baptists.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1867. 

Soutette,  Hon.  Timothy,  was  born  at  Leomin- 
ster, Mass.,  Nov.  10,  1777.  The  labors  of  the  farm, 
on  which  he  passed  his  early  days,  making  too  severe 
a  draft  on  a  naturally  delicate  constitution,  his 
father  was  induced  to  give  him  an  education.     In 


this  decision  he  was  greatly  encouraged  by  observ- 
ing in  his  son  evidences  of  mental  vigor  and  an 
aptness  for  study,  which  gave  promise  of  success 
in  whatever  profession  he  might  select  as  the  busi- 
ness of  his  life.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  the  class  of  1800.     Among  his  classmates  were 


UON.    TIMOTHY    BOITETTE.  • 

Washington  Allston,  the  celebrated  painter,  the 
Rev.  J.  S.  Buckminster,  the  eloquent  pastor  of  the 
Brattle  Square  church  in  Boston,  and  the  late  Chief- 
Justice  Shaw,  of  Massachusetts,  who  was  his  room- 
mate. In  a  class  thus  distingui.'shed  for  ability, 
Mr.  Boutette  graduated  with  high  reputation  as  a 
scholar.  For  one  year  after  he  was  an  assistant 
teacher  at  the  Leicester  Academy.  In  1801  he  en- 
tered the  law-office  of  Hon.  Abijah  Bigelow,  of 
Leominster,  with  whom  he  remained  three  years. 
Having  been  admitted  to  the  l)ar  in  1804,  he  re- 
moved to  Waterville,  Me.,  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  soon  rose  to  eminence 
as  a  lawyer,  and  had  in  some  respects  the  best 
practice  in  his  county.  "  He  uniformly  had  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  the  court  as  a  sound  and 
able  lawyer,  and  was  influential  with  the  jury,  be- 
cause he  presented  his  views  with  clearness  and 
force,  and  appeared  before  them  with  the  moral 
power  of  an  honest  man."  For  a  number  of  years 
he  represented  his  town  in  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature,  where  he  was  during  his  whole  term 
of  service  on  the  important  Judiciary  Committee, 
and  frequently  its  chairman.  It  was  while  he  was 
in  the  Senate  that  mainly  thrnugh  his  influence  a 
charter  was  obtained,  in   1820,  for  AVaterville  Col- 


liOWERS 


121 


BOYCE 


lege,  now  Coll>y  University.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  trustee  of  the  colle^^e,  and  its  treasurer,  and 
received  from  the  institution,  in  1S39,  the  honorary 
deforce  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Mr.  Boutelle  was  an  haliitual  worshiper  at  the 
First  Baptist  churuh  in  Waterville.  The  writer  of 
this  sketcli  recalls  with  pleasure  the  constancy  of 
his  attendance  upon  the  public  services  of  the  Sab- 
bath, and  the  devoutness  of  his  demeanor  in  the 
house  of  God.  It  was  no  small  encoura;;ement 
to  him  that  he  had  in  his  congregation  one  who 
cast  the  full  weight  of  his  great  influence  on  the 
side  of  good  order  and  religion.  Ilis  was  a  life 
of  great  activity,  honorably  and  well  spent.  lie 
died  Nov.  12,  185.5,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-eight 
years. 

Bowers,  Charles  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Jan.  lU,  ISIT.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1838.  Having  spent  one  year  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Lexington,  Mass.,  Sept.  9, 
1841.  The  relation  continued  for  four  years, — 
1841-45, — -when  he  decided  to  accept  a  call  to  the 
church  in  Clinton,  Mass.,  where  he  has  been  the 
pastor  ever  since.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Legislature  one  year, — the  session  of 
186.5-6C.  For  twelve  years  he  has  been  the  effi- 
cient secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  State 
Convention. 

Dr.  Bowers  received  his  degree  from  Brown 
University  in  ISTO. 

Bowers,  Marmion  H.,  was  bom  at  Moore's 
Ilill,  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind. ;  educated  at  Farmer's 
College,  O.  ;  studied  law  at  the  State  University, 
Blooniington,  Ind. ;  practiced  law  at  Aurora,  Ind., 
and  edited  a  newspaper;  removed  to  Texas  in 
1852 ;  resumed  pr.^cticc  of  law  at  Austin,  1853 ; 
raised  a  company  for  Confederate  service  in  1861  ; 
elected  captain  of  Company  C,  16th  Regt.  Texas 
Volunteer  Infantry  (Flournoy's)  :  loss  of  health 
caused  his  early  resignation  ;  elected,  while  absent 
from  Austin,  a  member  of  10th  Legislature  from 
Travis  County  ;  made  his  reputation  by  urging 
legislative  enactments  against  irregular  impress- 
ments of  property  by  Confederate  States  agents 
and  others;  edited  Southern  Intelligencer  a  few 
months  after  the  war ;  in  1809  elected  State  Sena- 
tor from  Travis  district ;  took  a  commanding  part 
in  all  important  measures  of  the  several  sessions 
of  that  Legislature,  resisting  the  arbitrary  school, 
militia,  and  police  bills.  His  speech  on  marti.al 
law  in  time  of  peace  is  regarded  as  exhaustive 
and  conclusive.  He  reached  a  high  position  at  the 
Austin  bar.  He  was  a  consistent  and  earnest  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church  at  Austin  from  1854  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  March  3,  1872. 

Bowker,  S.  D.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Courtland 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  10,  1830.  He  graduated  at  Fair- 
9 


mount  Theological  Seminary,  and  was  a  supcessfu* 
minister  at  several  important  points.  He  had  bap- 
tized over  800  persons  when  fifty  years  of  age. 
Several  church  edifices  stand  as  monuments  of  his 
untiring  labors.  The  last  one  built  under  his 
superintendence  was  the  one  at  Leadville,  Col. 
Without  his  self-sacrificing  labor  it  would  not  have 
been  erected.  Having  graduated  in  medicine  as 
well  as  in  theology,  he  practiced  the  healing  art. 
He  ranks  among  the  most  skillful  physicians  of 
Leadville,  and  is  much  respected  for  his  good  deeds 
of  sympathy  and  benevolence  as  well  as  for  his 
abilities. 

Bowles,  Rev.  Ralph.  H.,  son  of  Ralph  II.  and 
Reliecca  Bowies,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn. ; 
fitted  for  college  in  Connecticut  Literary  Institu- 
tion ;  graduated  at  Trinity  College  in  1848 ;  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1851  ;  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Tariffville,  Conn., 
in  1850;  settlements  afterward  were  in  Branford, 
Conn.  ;  Lee,  Brighton,  West  Newton,  Lee  {second 
time),  Mass. ;  Greenbusli,  N.  Y.  ;  Jewctt  City,  New- 
Hartford,  and  Canton,  Conn.  ;  a  devout,  earnest, 
an<l  in<lefatigable  worker. 

Boyce,  James  Pettig^u,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor 
of  Systematic  Theology,  Church  Government,  and 


J.\MES    PETTIOKU    liOYCE,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  and  chairman  of  its  faculty,  was 
born  of  Scotch-Irish  parents  at  Charleston,  S.  C, 
Jan.  11.  1827.  After  spending  two  years  at 
Charleston  College,  he  entered  Brown  LTniversity, 
where  he  graduated  in  1847.     He  was  baptized  by 


BOYD 


122 


BOYD 


Rev.  Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  and  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  at  Charleston  in  I84G.  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1S47,  and  for  six  months  of 
the  following  year  he  edited  the  Soitt/iern  Baptist. 
In  1849  he  entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary, 
where  he  remained  two  years.  In  1851  he  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  Bapti-st  church  in  Columbia, 
S.  C,  where  he  preached  until  1S.').5,  when  he  ac- 
cepted a  professorship  of  Theology  in  Furman  L'ni- 
versity.  Ilis  inaugural  address  was  delivered 
during  the  succeeding  commencement,  in  July, 
1856.  Its  sulijc'ct  was,  "Three  Changes  in  Theo- 
logical Education."  The  address  did  much  in 
strengthening  the  cause  of  theological  education 
in  the  South,  leading  many  to  favor  it  who  had 
hitherto  opposed  it,  and  laying  the  foundation  of 
the  peculiar  system  of  teaching  afterwards  adopted 
in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  In 
1858  and  1859,  Dr.  Boyce  was  elected  professor 
in  this  institution,  with  the  privilege  of  selecting 
his  chair,  and  was  also  made  chairman  of  its 
faculty.  To  these  offices  have  since  been  added 
those  of  treasurer  and  general  agent,  which  posi- 
tions he  still  holds. 

lie  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  South  Carolina 
Legislature  in  ]8fJ2,  and  re-elected  in  18fj4.  lie 
toiik  a  prominent  part  in  the  business  of  that  body. 
Two  of  bis  speeches,  advocating  the  indorsement  of 
a  definite  amount  of  Confederate  bonds  by  the  State, 
were  published.  He  also  published  a  pamphlet  on 
that  subject. 

Ilis  principal  publications  are,  "  A  Brief  Cate- 
chism on  Bible  Doctrines"  ;  "  The  Doctrine  and 
U^es  of  the  Sanctuary,''  a  sermon  at  the  dedica- 
tion of  Columbia  Baptist  Church;  "Death  and 
Life  the  Christian's  Portion,"  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Rev.  B.  Manly,  Sr.,  D.D. ;  and  "The 
Sufiering  Christ,''  published  in  the  Baptist  Quar- 
teihj  of  October,  1870.  lie  has  a  great  intellect, 
tireless  energy,  and  extraordinary  executive  ability, 
and  to  him,  more  than  to  all  others,  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary  owes  its  exist- 
ence. Ilis  private  library  comprises  over  13,000 
volumes. 

Boyd,  Robert,  D.D.  —  This  widely  known 
minister  of  Christ  was  born  in  Girvin.  .■Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  Aug.  24,  1816,  and  died  at  his  home  in 
Waukesha,  Wis.,  Aug.  1,  1879,  aged  sixty-three 
years.  His  parents  were  devoted  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  he  wsis  indebted  to  them 
for  an  early  Christian  education.  Converted  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  impressed  almost  simultaneously 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach,  he  began  at  once 
to  address  public  assemblies  with  great  acceptance. 
His  attention  having  been  called  to  the  question 
of  baptism,  he  gave  the  subject  prayerful  and  un- 
prejudiced examination,  which  resulted  in  his  be- 
coming a  Baptist.     In   1843,   Dr.   Boyd   came  to 


America,  and  settled  as  pastor  at  Brockville, 
Canada.  Subsequently  he  served  the  churches 
at  London  and  Hamilton,  Canada,  with  great  effi- 
ciency. Owing  to  failure  of  health  he  came  in  1854 
to  Waterville,  Wis.,  and  settled  on  a  farm.  His 
I  health  having  been  restored,  he  accepted  the  pa-s- 
1  torate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Waukesha,  and 
afterwards  he  took  charge  of  the  Edina  Place  Bap- 
tist church,  Chicago,  111.  In  1863,  owing  to  an 
attack  of  paralysis  so  impairing  his  health  as  to 
unfit  him  for  the  duties  of  his  city  pastorate,  he 
came  again  to  Waukesha.  The  same  year  Shurt- 
leff  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D. 
Although  paralyzed  to  such  an  extent  that  he  had 
to  be  carried  into  the  pulpit  in  his  chair,  and  to 
preach  sitting,  he  proclaimed  the  good  news  with 
I  gi'eat  power  for  four  years  to  the  Baptist  church 
in  Waukesha.  In  1867  he  was  finally  prostrated 
to  such  an  extent  as  to  be  confined  thereafter  to 
his  house  until  death  summoned  him  up  higher. 
Although  he  resigned  his  pastorate,  the  church  de- 
clined to  accept  it.  For  about  twelve  years  he  was 
helple.ss  on  his  bed.  His  intellect,  however,  re- 
mained unimpaired,  and  during  these  years  the 
best  work  of  his  life  was  accomplished.  He  em- 
ployed his  time  in  the  production  of  the  books 
which  he  left  as  a  precious  legacy  to  the  church 
of  Christ.  As  the  result  of  his  labor  lie  prepareil 
for  the  press  "Glad  Tidings,''  "None  but  Christ," 
"Grace  and  Truth,"  "The  Good  Shepherd,"  "The 
AVorld's  Hope,'  '.'Wee  Willie,"  "My  Enquiry 
Meeting,"  "Lectures  to  Young  Converts,"  "Words 
of  Comfort  to  the  Afflicted,"'  and  an  autobiography 
in  manuscript.  Dr.  Boyd  was  gifted  with  a  mind 
of  a  high  order,  and  every  power  he  possesseil  was 
brought  into  service  for  Christ.  He  had  a  profound 
reverence  for  the  sacred  Scriptures,  and  he  un- 
folded their  themes  with  a  variety  and  richness 
of  illustration  hardly  ever  surpassed.  His  delight 
was  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  he  easily  found 
Christ  crucified  in  every  thenie.  The  great  salva- 
tion always  absorbed  his  soul,  and  the  atonement 
was  to  him  the  radiating  centre  of  saving  knowl- 
edge. As  a  pastor  he  lived  in  the  hearts  of  his 
people.  In  this  relation,  if  more  remarkable  in 
one  thing  than  another,  it  was  in  the  confidence 
which  he  inspired.  His  people  gave  up  their  minds 
and  hearts  to  him  without  suspicion  or  reserve. 
In  the  midst  of  great  suffering  he  evinced  remark- 
able fortitude  and  submission  to  the  will  of  God. 
He  was  a  noble  specimen  of  a.  man  and  a  Chris- 
tian minister.  He  has  bequeathed  to  his  family 
and  the  church  of  God  the  memory  of  a  life  with- 
out reproach,  devoted  to  the  cause  of  truth  without 
reserve. 

Boyd,  Willard  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  Nov. 
22,  1843,  in  Chemung  Co.,  N.  Y.  Ilis  parents 
moved  to  Saco,  Me.,  when  he  was  two  years  old. 


BOTD 


123 


BOTKm 


He  was  prepared  for  college  at  fourteen  years  of 
age.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twelve  years. 
Ills  father  died  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age, 
and   Willard   succeeded  him   in  superintending  a 


WILl.AKU     H.    liuVD,    D.D. 

factory  at  Springville,  Me.  Jn  this  place  there 
wa.s  but  one  church,  a  Baptist,  whose  members 
were  few  in  number.  Dr.  Boyd  read  Spurgeon's 
sermons  to  them,  and  soon  began  to  speak  in  his 
own  language;  a  revival  followed,  and  the  cim- 
verts  asked  for  baptism.  lie  being  a  Congrega- 
tionalist,  studied  the  question  of  liaptisni,  and  soon, 
with  those  who  had  lately  found  Jesus,  he  was 
J)aptized.  In  1866  his  mother  die<l,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  entered  Harvard  Universitv,  where 
he  graduated  with  honor  in  1871.  After  spending 
a  year  at  a  German  university  he  was  appointed 
tutor  in  Harvard  College,  and  held  the  position 
till,  in  1873,  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Charlestown, — a  part  of  Boston, 
Mass.  AVith  this  church  he  remained  four  years, 
and  received  about  4U0  members  into  its  fellow- 
ship. In  June,  1877,  he  was  installed  as  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
In  June,  1878,  he  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Shurtleff  College,  111. 
In  Dr.  Boyd  are  combined  scholarship,  executive 
ability,  and  pulpit  eloquence.  He  possesses  great 
energy  and  piety.  Many  have  been  added  to  his 
church  in  St.  Louis  since  his  settlement,  and  the 
house  of  worship  has  been  twice  built,  owing  to 
fire.  He  occupies  one  of  the  most  responsible  po- 
sitions in  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  Missis- 


sippi Valley,  and  preaches  to  very  large  congre- 
gations. 

Boyden,  Rev.  Jabez  S.,  was  born  in  Essex  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1831  ;  brought  to  Michigan  while  still  an 
infant ;  baptized  in  Mooreville,  in  June,  1850,  and 
educated  for  the  ministry  at  Kalamazoo  College, 
from  which  he  gra<luated  in  1856.  He  settled  at 
once  as  pastor  in  Novi,  and  was  ordained  in  No- 
vember of  the  same  year.  His  successive  pastorates 
were,  in  Flint,  four  years;  in  Xovi,  again  three 
years;  in  Howell,  four  years;  in  Franklin,  Ind., 
one  year ;  in  Ypsilanti,  seven  years.  During  all 
this  time  he  was  continuously  in  the  pastorate 
without  the  intermission  of  a  single  day.  At  Xovi 
he  baptized  117:  in  Flint,  0.3;  in  Howell,  163  :  and 
during  the  time  of  tlie  Franklin  and  Ypsilanti  pas- 
torates, 163.  While  pastor  at  Flint  he  was  one 
year  chaplain  of  the  10th  Regiment  of  Mich.  Vols., 
Infantry. 

In  August,  1879,  ho  became  financial  secretary 
of  Kalamazoo  College,  and  is  at  present  residing 
in  Kalamazoo,  engaged  most  vigorously  in  the 
work  of  securing  an  adecpmte  endowment  for  the 
college,  and  the  means  for  defraying  its  current 
expenses. 

Boykin,  James,  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Columbus,  Ga.,  was  born  in  1792,  near  Camden, 
in  .South  Carolina.  With  his  father,  Francis  Bov- 
kin,  he  moved  to  Georgia,  and  settled  on  a  large 
plantation  in  Washington  County,  ten  miles  south 
of  Milledgeville;  in  1829  he  sold  his  home  and  plant- 
ing interests  to  his  brother.  Dr.  Samuel  Boykin, 
and  moved  to  Columbus,  and  settled  on  another 
plantation  in  Stewart  County,  twenty  miles  from 
Columbus.  He  united  with  the  Columbus  church, 
and  was  ordained  a  deacon,  which  office  he  filled 
worthily  until  his  death,  in  1846.  He  was  at  that 
time  quite  wealthy,  and  gave  liberally  of  his  means 
to  sustain  the  gospel  and  to  establish  Mercer  Uni- 
versity. He  was  an  exceedingly  kind  man.  To 
his  children  he  was  the  most  tender  and  affectionate 
of  parents;  to  his  wife  the  most  devoted  of  hus- 
bands ;  he  was  a  Christian  without  reproach.  A 
security  debt  swept  away  nearly  $100,000  of  his 
property,  yet  he  never  murmured,  or  spoke  an  un- 
kind word  of  the  man  who  caused  his  financial 
ruin,  but  preserved  his  cheerfulness  and  gentle 
serenity  until  called  "up  higher"  at  the  age  of 
fifty-four. 

He  did  much  in  founding  and  sustaining  the 
church  at  Columbus,  and  was  a  most  useful,  zealous, 
and  liberal  Christian,  whose  memory  is  even  yet 
fragrant  among  those  wlio  knew  him. 

Boykin,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  bom  in  Milledge- 
ville. Baldwin  Co.,  Ga.,  Nov.  24,  1829.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Narciss.i  Cooper, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Cooper,  whose  ancestors 
came  from  England.     His  paternal  ancestor,  Ed- 


BOYKIN 


124 


BOYKIN 


ward  Boykin,  came  fi-nni  Caci-narvonsliire,  Wales, 
and  settled  in  Isle  of  Wij;lit  Co.,  Va.,  in  1685. 
William  Boykin,  the  -rnindson  of  Edward  Boy- 
kin,  emigrated  to  Kershaw  Co.,  S.  C,  in  17.')5 
or  17.50,  and  settled  six  miles  south  of  Camden. 
Hi.s  third  son,  Francis  Boykin,  participated  in  most 
(if  the  battles  of  the  State  during  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and   rose   to   be  a  iniijor  of  infantry  in   the 


REV.    S.VMl/'EL    BUVKl.V. 

army,  having  taken  part  in  the  battle  of  Fort 
Moultrie. 

About  the  year  ISOO  Mr.  Boykin  moved  to 
Georgia,  and  settled  near  Milledgeville,  where  he 
died  in  1X21.  Three  of  his  children  grew  to  ma- 
turity,— Eliza,  Samuel,  and  James.  Samuel,  born 
in  178fi,  died  in  1S48,  was  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  lie  graduated  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia  and  at  a  medical  college  in 
Philadelphia,  and  practiced  medicine  in  Georgia 
for  twenty-five  or  thirty  years.  He  was  also  a 
large  planter.  lie  removed  to  Columbus,  Ga., 
where  he  spent  the  last  years  of  his  life.  He  en- 
gaged in  planting  and  in  banking,  and  was  very 
prosperous.  He  was  fond  of  books,  and  a  lover 
of  science;  and  at  his  hospitable  home  distin- 
guished literary  and  scientific  men  of  the  New 
and  Old  World  were  pleased  to  visit,  and  ever 
found  in  Dr.  Boykin  a  congenial  spirit. 

Samuel  Boykin,  his  son,  spent  his  earliest  years 
in  Columbus.  He  was  sent  to  Pennsylvania  and 
Connecticut  for  education,  but  came  back  to 
Georgia  and  took  a  full  course  at  the  State  Univer- 
sity, where  he  graduated  in  1S51.  lie  then  spent 
nearly  a  year  in  foreign  travel.     While  prosecuting 


his  studies  at  the  State  University  he  made  a  pro- 
fession of  religion  and  juined  the  Baptist  church. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1852,  and  ordained 
Sept.  16,  1861.  In  1859  he  became  the  editor  of 
the  Christian  Index,  then  published  in  Macon,  Ga., 
and  owned  by  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State. 
In  18G1  he  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  Index. 
He  continued  successfully  its  publication  until 
1865,  when  the  disasters  of  the  war  between  thii 
States  stopped  it.  His  editorial  management  was 
characterized  by  decided  ability.  He  subsequentlj 
sold  the  Index  to  J.  J.  Toon,  of  Atlanta,  by  whon> 
it  was  revived.  For  several  years  he  also  pub- 
lished and  edited  the  Child's  Index,  which  he  re- 
sumed after  the  war.  This  child's  paper  was 
merged  into  Kind  Words  in  1872,  a  paper  owned 
by  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  published 
at  Memphis,  Tenn.  In  187.3,  Mr.  Boykin  was 
elected  editor  of  Kind  Words,  which  position  he 
has  held  ever  since.  Under  his  management  the 
paper  has  reached  a  very  large  circulation,  is  now 
well  established,  and  it  is  a  paper  of  great  value. 
Mr.  Boykin  was  pastor  for  one  year  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Macon,  but  having  l)ecn  called 
to  Memphis  to  edit  Kind  Words  in  1873.  he  re- 
signed that  charge. 

When  the  Sunday-School  Board  was  abolished  in 
1874.  the  paper  was  removed  to  Macon,  and  there 
published.  Mr.  Boykin  then  returned  to  Georgia. 
Editing  has  been  his  chief  employinent.  for  which 
he  is  peculiarly  fitted.  He  has  been  iilentilied  with 
Baptist  interests  in  Georgia  for  many  years.  In 
the  cause  of  missions  and  Sunday-schools  he  has 
been  very  useful,  wielding  a  large  influence  over 
the  young  of  the  denomination  as  editor  and  ex- 
positorof  the"  Sunday-School  Lessons."  He  is  now 
in  the  prime  of  life,  with  an  active  mind  and  un- 
tiring industry.  The  Baptist  denomination  may 
still  expect  large  results  from  his  labors  and  his 
commanding  talents. 

Boykin,  Rev.  Thomas  Cooper,  State  school 
evangelist  for  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention, 
brother  of  the  foregoing,  was  born  in  Baldwin 
County,  ten  miles  from  Milledgeville,  Jan.  1,  1836. 
His  parents  moved  to  Columbus  soon  after  his 
birth,  and  he  was  reared  in  that  city.  Converted 
under  the  ministry  of  John  E.  Dawson,  he  joined 
the  Columbus  church  in  1851,  and  was  educated  at 
Penfield,  in  Mercer  University,  and  at  ColuraVjia, 
S.  C,  in  the  South  Carolina  College,  ft-om  which 
he  was  graduated  with  distinction  in  1856.  In 
1858  he  began  a  planter's  life  in  Russell  Co.,  Ala., 
near  Columbus,  transferring  his  membership  to  the 
Mount  Lebanon  church  in  1863.  That  church  li- 
censed him  in  I8G4.  and  by  it  he  was  called  to  or- 
dination in  1865.  It  was  while  acting  as  pastor 
for  this  church  that  he  developed  a  strong  passion 
for  the  Sunday-school  work,  and  the  brethren  of 


BOYNTON 


125 


BRADFORD 


the  Alabama  Convention,  recognizing  his  zeal  and 
ability,  placed  him  at  the  head  of  their  State  Sun- 
day-school efforts  in  1872.  But  liis  native  State 
called  him  to  her  service  on  the  1st  of  Sc]it('mbcr, 
\Xl-i,  and  he  rcmuved  to  Georgia,  settled  in  Atlanta, 


REV.    TIIO.MAS    COOPER    liOyKIN. 

and,  under  an  appointment  of  the  State  Baptist 
Convention,  began  a  vpork  in  the  Sunday-school 
cause  which  he  has  continued  to  prosecute  most 
vigorously  and  prosperously  until  the  present  time 
(1880).  Through  his  exertions  the  Sunday-school 
work  in  the  State  has  been  pretty  thoroughly  or- 
ganized ;  26  Sunday-school  conventions  have  been 
put  in  operation,  and  500  schools  have  been  estab- 
lished, while  all  over  the  State  a  healthy  and  en- 
thusiastic Sunday-school  spirit  has  been  aroused  in 
the  di'nomiuation. 

Mr.  Boy  kin  is  a  preacher  of  ability,  and  in  liis 
style  is  exceedingly  pointed  and  practical.  During 
a  pastorate  of  three  years  he  baptized  70  persons 
into  the  Mount  Lebanon, — a  country  church.  lie 
has  the  happy  faculty  of  making  himself  interesting 
and  instructive  to  all,  especially  to  the  young.  He 
is  an  indefatigable  laborer,  and  he  is  tlioroughly 
conversant  with  every  phase  of  the  Sunday-school 
■work. 

Bojmton,  Hon.  Nehemiah,  was  born  in  what 
is  now  Rockport,  but  tlien  a  section  of  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  Dec.  2,  1804.  When  he  was  twenty-one 
years  of  age  he  commenced  business  at  St.  George, 
Me.,  where  he  remained  nine  years,  and  then  re- 
moved to  West  Thomaston,  Me.  Here  he  carried 
on  business  for  eleven  years.  At  the  end  of  this 
period  he  removed  to  Boston,  and  embarked  in  the 


business  which  he  prosecuted  with  energy  and  suc- 
ce.ss  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Mr.  Boynton's 
residence  was  in  Chelsea,  where,  .as  a  member  and 
an  officer  in  the  First  Baptist  church,  he  gave 
himself  with  great  devotion  to  the  service  of  his 
Lord  and  Master.  For  two  years  he  was  a  senator 
fnim  his  district  in  the  Massachusetts  Senate,  and 
for  three  years,  1802,  1864,  and  1865,  a  period  of 
great  responsibility,  he  was  a  member  of  Gov. 
Andrew's  Executive  Council  for  the  countv  of 
Suffolk. 

If  Mr.  Boynton  was  a  successful  merchant  and 
an  honorable  councillor,  he  filled  also  another  post, 
which  to  him  was  one  of  higher  lienor  and  more 
sacred  trust  than  either  of  the  other  two.  A  vacancy 
having  occurred  in  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Missionary  Union  in  1853.  he  was  ajipointed  to  fill 
it.  At  once  his  business  capacities  pointed  him 
out  as  the  proper  person  to  be  selected  as  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Finance.  In  1855  he  was 
chosen  treasurer  of  the  Union,  and  held  the  office  for 
nine  years  in  succession.  In  the  hands  of  no  better 
man  could  the  great  trust  have  been  placed.  He 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  when  the  so- 
ciety was  burdened  with  a  heavy  debt.  He  lived 
to  see  the  debt  wiped  out  and  the  credit  of  the 
Union,  in  .all  parts  of  the  world  where  it  transacted 
its  business,  placed  upon  the  soundest  basis,  so 
that  its  drafts  were  as  promptly  honored  as  those 
of  any  l/auking  or  mercantile  house  then  or  since 
known. 

'■  The  prominent  personal  qualities  of  Mr.  Boyn- 
ton," says  one  who  knew  him  well,  "were  fittingly 
symbolized  by  his  commanding  personal  presence. 
Weight  and  symmetry  of  character  were  his  in  an 
eminent  degree.  No  man  was  ever  less  influenced 
by  personal  fears  or  preferences.  His  action  was 
based  on  public  and  solid  reasons.  No  member  of 
the  committee  ever  commanded  greater  influence 
for  his  opinions.  The  answer  to  the  question, 
'What  does  Deacon  Boynton  think  of  it?'  was 
almost  endugh  to  conclude  anj-  matter  of  weight. 
To  the  high  personal  ((ualities  which  contributed 
to  this  beautiful  wholeness  he  added  a  faith  in 
God,  and  in  the  loyalty  of  his  redeemed  people, 
that  made  him  confident,  where  to  human  sense 
there  seemed  more  grouml  for  despondency." 
AVith  the  record  of  such  a  life  as  he  lived  before  all 
men,  there  was  no  need  of  a  dying  testimony. 
Dcac'in  Boynton  died  Nov.  22,  1868. 

Bradford,  Rev.  C.  G.,  is  quite  young,  probably 
not  moie  than  thirty,  but  a  man  of  unusual  promise. 
His  delivery  is  quiet  but  exceedingly  impressive, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  few  whose  sermons  would  lose 
nothing  by  being  road  instead  of  heard.  The^-  are 
briefand  elegantly  finished.  He  has  tried  again  and 
again  to  leave  the  Beech  Island  church,  in  Aikiii 
Co.,  S.  C,  having  been  reared  in  that  vicinity,  and 


BRADFORD 


126 


BR  AN  HAM 


thinking  he  niiglit  be  more  useful  elsewhere,  l)ut 
the  church  still  retains  him. 

Bradford,  Rev.  Shadrach  S.,  was  born  at 
Plvniptiin,  Mass.,  May  -4,  1813.  He  took  a  part 
of  his  college  course  at  Waterville,  Me.,  graduating 
at  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  the 
class  of  1837.  His  theological  studies  were  pursued 
at  Xewton,  where  he  graduated  in  184U.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Pawtucket,  R.  I., 
June  8,  1841,  and  remained  in  this  position  for  ten 
years,  resigning  in  1851.  Such  was  the  state  of 
hi.s  health  that  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  the  min- 
istry. For  several  years  he  was  in  active  business 
in  Providence.  Mr.  Bradford  was  elected  a  trustee 
of  Brown  University  in  1SG3,  and  a  Fellow  in  18().i. 

Bradford,  Rev.  Zabdiel,  was  born  in  Plympton, 
Mass..  on  the  13th  of  August,  1809.  On  the  side 
of  both  parents  he  was  of  genuine  Puritan  stock, 
his  paternal  ancestor  being  Gov.  William  Brailford, 
and  his  maternal  ancestor  the  renowjied  Capt. 
Miles  Standish.  Of  such  an  ancestry  any  man 
miglit  justly  be  proud.  Before  he  reached  his 
eighteenth  year  he  became  a  subject  of  God's  con- 
verting grace.  The  state  of  his  health  being  such 
as  tci  settle  the  question  of  his  physical  inability  to 
enter  into  active  business,  it  was  decided  that  he 
should  obtain  a  liberal  education.  In  the  year 
183U  he  became  a  member  of  Waterville  College, 
with  the  intention  of  fitting  himself  for  tlie  Chris- 
tian ministry.  After  his  graduation  he  prosecuted 
his  theological  studies  for  nearly  three  years,  and 
then  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in  what 
is  now  Yarmouth,  Cumberland  Co.,  Me.  The  min- 
istry of  Mr.  Bradford,  extending  over  a  period  of 
eight  years,  was  one  of  great  spiritual  prosperity. 
Ho  had  the  happiness  of  witnessing  more  than  one 
powerful  revival.  As  the  result  of  one  of  these 
outpourings  of  the  Spirit  he  baptized  nearly  100 
persons. 

The  long  winters  and  uncongenial  springs  of  the 
sea-coast  of  Miiine  were  too  trying  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  Mr.  Bradford,  and,  with  a  severe  pang,  he 
felt  compelled  to  sever  the  ties  which  united  him  to 
a  most  affectionate  people.  He  accepted  a  call 
from  what  was  then  the  Pine  Street,  now  Central 
Baptist  church,  in  Providence,  and  was  recognized 
as  pastor  in  November,  1844,  and  tailored  with  his 
customary  fidelity  and  success  for  more  than  four 
years.  He  died  May  16, 1849,  at  the  comparatively 
early  age  of  forty  years. 

Mr.  Bradford  was  a  man  of  much  more  than  or- 
dinary ability.  He  possessed  a  singularly  vivid 
imagination,  and  sometimes  the  play  of  his  fancy 
in  his  discourses  was  most  striking,  and  arrested 
the  attention  of  the  most  careless  and  thoughtle.ss. 
He  concentrated  all  his  faculties  to  the  cause  of  his 
Master,  and  in  his  closing  hours  was  sustained  by 
that  grace  the  riches  of  which  he  had  proclaimed 


so  earnestly  from  the  sacred  desk.  "  That  plan," 
he  said,  "that  capital  plan!  I  have  looked  it 
through  and  through  this  winter,  and  it  is  all  I 
want."  Who  can  doubt  that  when  he  came  into 
the  presence  of  his  God  and  Saviour  he  did  find  it 
was  all  he  wanted  ? 

Bramlette,  Gov.  Thomas  E,,  was  bom  in  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  3,  1817.  In  early  life  he 
joined  a  Baptist  church,  and  was  active  in  the 
councils  of  his  denomination.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  1837.  In  1841  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature ;  here  his  splendid  abilities 
speedily  attracted  public  attention.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  Commonwealth's  attorney.  In  1852 
he  moved  from  Burksville  to  Columl/ia,  Ky.,  and 
was  elected  circuit  judge,  and  filled  tlie  position 
during  si.x  years.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Re- 
bellion he  accepted  a  colonel's  commission,  raised 
a  regiment  of  volunteers,  and  entered  the  Federal 
army.  In  1862  he  resigned  to  accept  the  appoint- 
ment of  U.  S.  attorney  for  Kentucky.  In  1863  be 
was  commissioned  major-general.  While  organ- 
izing his  division  he  was  nominated  candidate  fir 
governor.  Again  he  resigned  his  position  in  the 
army,  and  was  elected  governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth, in  which  capacity  he  served  four  years, 
lie  now  became  weary  of  the  burdens  of  public 
office,  and  settled  in  Louisville,  where  he  enjoyed 
an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice  of  law  until  his 
death.  Jan.  12.  1X75. 

Branham,  Joel  R.,  D.D.,wn8  bom  in  Eatun- 
ton,  Putnam  Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  23,  1825.  His  parents 
were  Dr.  Joel  Branham  and  Emily,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Cooper,  the  devoted  Baptist  deacon  of 
Eatonton.  He  went  to  Penfield  to  school  in  the 
year  1838,  while  quite  young,  and  remained  three 
years.  He  was  a  pupil  there  when  Mercer  Insti- 
tute was  organized  as  a  college,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  first  Fresbnian  class.  After  leaving  Penfirld 
he  attended  the  Eatonton  school  until  aljout  bis 
eighteenth  year.  In  1845  he  entered  Emory  Col- 
lege, at  which  he  was  graduated  in  1847.  He  was 
converted  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Pen- 
field  in  1838.  He  was  ordained  in  186G,  in  Madi- 
son, Ga.  He  was  called  to  ordination  by  the  Madi- 
son Baptist  church,  and  immediately  after  to  the 
charge  of  that  church,  in  which  he  continued  two 
and  a  half  years.  While  residing  in  Tennessee  he 
incidentally  served  the  churches  at  Brownsville, 
Humboldt,  and  Stanton.  Compelled  by  ill  health 
to  return  to  Georgia  in  1874.  be  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  in  Marietta,  at  the  same 
time  preaching  once  a  m(mth  to  the  church  at 
Noonday.  He  is  at  present  pastor  of  *he  Baptist 
church  at  Eatonton,  Ga.,  and  preaches  once  a 
month  to  the  church  at  Harmony,  Putnam  Co., 
and  also  to  the  church  at  Monticello,  Jasper  Co.. 
Ga.     He  was  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Geor- 


BRANTLY 


127 


BRANTLY 


gia  Female  Collej;e  in  its  early  organization  ;  was 
president  of  the  same  institution  after  the  war. 
From  I'^fiS  to  1S74  was  president  of  lirownsville 
Baptist  Female  College,  the  leading  Baptist  insti- 


.lOEL    R.    BRANHAM,    D.D. 

tution  of  West  Tennessee  at  that  period.  lie  was 
for  a  time  trustee  of  Mercer  University. 

Dr.  Branham  is  one  of  the  best  educated  and 
most  highly  cultivated  of  the  living  Georgia  Bap- 
tist ministers,  and  to  pulpit  ability  of  high  rank  he 
unites  fine  oratorical  powers  and  an  exceeding 
amiability  of  disposition.  He  is  remarkably  clear 
in  all  his  statements,  because  of  a  keen  mental 
vision  and  a  strong  intellectual  grasp.  His  talents 
are  of  a  high  order,  an<l  his  sermons  are  surpassed 
by  few,  if  liy  any,  of  the  State  ministry. 

Many  of  the  years  of  his  life  have  Ijeen  spent  in 
imparting  instruction,  generally  as  the  president 
of  a  college  for  young  ladies,  and  he  is  a  teacher 
of  rare  ability. 

Brantly,  John  J.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Belles- 
Lettres  and  Modern  Languages  in  Mercer  Univer- 
sity, Macon,  Ga.,  and  son  of  Dr.  Wni.  T.  Brantly, 
Sr.,  and  half-brother  of  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  Jr., 
wa.s  born  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  Dec.  29,  1821.  The 
first  twelve  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  Phila- 
delphia, when  his  father  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  that  city.  He  then  went  with  his 
father  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  where  he  entered  the 
Sophomore  class  of  Charleston  College,  of  which 
his  father  was  president.  While  a  student  in  the 
Charleston  College  he  paid  a  summer  visit  during 
vacation  to  relatives  at  Scottsborough,  a  few  miles 
from   Milledgeville,  Ga.,  and  during  a  protracted 


meeting  in  the  Milledgeville  church,  of  which  Dr. 
S.  G.  Hillyer  was  then  pastor,  he  made  a  profession 
of  religion,  and  was  liaptized  by  his  father  in  the 
Oconee  River,  near  Milledgeville. 

Graduating  in  1840,  he  went  to  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C, — his  father's  old  home, — and  afterwards 
to  Pittsborough,  in  both  of  which  places  he  en- 
gaged in  teaching.  As  he  was  debating  in  his 
mind  whether  to  study  law  or  medicine,  he  went 
ifi  the  fall  of  1S44,  to  Charleston,  on  a  visit  to  his 
father,  who  had  been  stricken  with  paralysis. 
During  that  visit  his  thoughts  were  turned  to  llie 
ministry,  and  he  decided  that  his  duty  lay  in  that 
direction.  He  was  licensed  by  the  First  church  of 
Charleston,  his  father  signing  the  license,  the  last 
official  act  he  performed.  Mr.  Brantly  was  or- 
dained at  Fayetteville,  \.  C.  in  lS4.j.  having  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church 
in  that  place.  In  a  year  or  two  he  resigned  to  take 
charge  of  the  high  school  there;  but  in  llie  spring 
of  18.50  he  accepted  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church  at  Newbury  Court-IIouse,  S.  C,  where  he 
remained  until  elected  to  his  present  position,  in 


JOHN    J.    BRANTLY,    D.D. 

ISfJT.  During  the  interval  between  the  resignation 
of  Dr.  Warren  and  the  settlement  of  Dr.  Skinner 
he  served  the  Macon  church  as  temporary  pastor. 
Dr.  J.  -J.  Brantly  is  a  thorough  scholar.  He  is 
well  read  in  the  ancient  classics,  both  Greek  and 
Latin,  and  he  is  the  master  of  several  modern  lan- 
guages. With  the  writings  of  "  the  fathers"  he  is 
familiar.  He  is  also  a  perfect  master  of  English 
composition.  His  extreme  modesty  only  has  pre- 
vented him  from  being  widely  known  as  one  of  the 


BUAXTLY 


128 


BRANTLY 


most  finislied  scholars  and  able   preachers  of  our 
denomination  in  the  United  Statfs. 
Brantly,  William  T.,  Jr.,  D.D.,  son  of  the  Dr. 

W.  T.  Bi-aiitly  d'sainted  nu'niory,  was  born  in  Beau- 
fort, S.  C.     II"  removed  with  his  father,  at  the  aj^e 


WILLIAM    T.    BRANTLV,    JR.,    D.D. 

of  nine  years,  to  Philadelphia,  where,  in  1826,  the 
father  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church.  Under  a  careful  home  culture,  supple- 
mented by  the  trainintr  of  the  best  schools,  young 
Brantly  was  prepared  to  enter  college  at  an  early 
age.  While  thus  preparing,  in  1834,  he  was  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church  of 
Philadelphia,  the  baptism  being  in  the  Delaware 
River ;  and  in  1838  he  was  licensed  by  the  same 
church  to  preach.  Having  entered  Brown  Univer- 
sity, he  graduated  with  distinction  in  1840.  The 
same  year  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  which  posi- 
tion he  accepted  and  held  with  marked  success  for 
eight  years,  during  which  time  the  membership 
was  doubled,  and  the  house  enlarged  to  accommo- 
date the  increasing  congregation.  Dr.  Brantly's 
varied  culture  and  polished  scholarship  attracted 
to  his  ministrations  an  unusual  number  uf  the  more 
intelligent  of  the  community,  and  suon  the  authori- 
ties of  the  University  of  Georgia  were  anxious  to 
secure  his  servicea  as  one  of  its  faculty  of  instruc- 
tion. Accordingly,  in  1848  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  Belles-Lettres  and  Evidences  of  Christianity  and 
History  in  that  institution,  a  position  which  he 
filled  with  distinguished  ability  until  1856.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  but  declined  the  invitation. 


In  1856  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Taber- 
nacle church  in  the  same  city,  and  anxiuus  to  be 
engaged  again  in  the  active  and,  to  him,  congi^nial 
duties  of  pastoral  life,  lie  accepted  the  position. 
lie  continued  to  serve  the  Tabernacle  church  for 
five  years,  during  which  time  he  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  the  membership  greatly  increase  in  num- 
ber and  efficiency.  In  1861,  Dr.  Brantly  was  in- 
vited to  take  charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  remained,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  an  interruption  arising  from  the  troubles 
of  the  war,  until  1871,  in  which  year  he  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Seventh  Baptist  church,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  succeeding  the  honored  Dr.  K.  Fuller,  when 
he  and  a  large  number  of  the  members  of  that 
church  withdrew  to  constitute  the  present  Eutaw 
Place  church.  Dr.  Brantly  still  remains  pastor  of 
the  Seventh  church,  and  is  eminently  successful  in 
his  ministrations.  As  a  ]u-eacher,  he  is  earnest, 
graceful,  and  instructive;  as  a  pastor,  genial,  lov- 
ing, and  companicinable,  and  ever  a  welcome  guest 
in  the  homes  of  his  people.  No  one  feels  a  warmer 
interest  in  all  the  denominational  movements  of 
the  day  than  he  ;  while  for  educational  institutions 
and  their  instructors  he  cherishes  that  ardent  and 
unwavering  attachment  which  stamps  him,  as  by 
nature,  one  of  the  r/iiikl.  He  is  an  overseer  of  the 
Columbian  University,  and  no  one  is  more  heartily 
welcomed  to  its  meetings  for  business  and  its  com- 
mencement exercises  than  himself.  The  University 
of  Georgia  in  1854  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D. 

Brantly,  William  T.,  Sr.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Chatham  Co.,  N.  C,  Jan.  23,  1787.  He  was  con- 
verted to  God  in  his  fifteenth  year,  lie  was  edu- 
cated at  South  Carolina  College,  Columbia,  S.  C, 
of  which  Jonathan  Maxcy,  D.D.,  was  president. 
He  graduated  with  distinction  in  1808,  inspiring 
hopes  in  those  who  became  acquainted  with  his 
talents  of  a  bright  future  for  the  young  minister. 
In  1811  he  became  a  pastor,  though  he  had  preached 
regularly  for  years  before,  and  he  took  the  over- 
sight of  the  church  of  Beaufort,  S.  C,  where  he 
spent  eight  years  in  toil  and  triumphs.  The  church 
was  increased  in  numbers,  knowledge,  and  spir- 
itual strength,  and  the  pastor  was  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  eloquent  preachers  in  the  South.  In 
1819  he  became  rector  a  second  time  of  Richmond 
Academy,  Augusta,  Ga  ,  an  institution  endowed  by 
that  State;  and  immediately  he  began  to  preach 
every  Sund.ay  in  the  chapel  of  the  academy,  for 
there  was  no  Baptist  church  in  Augusta.  His 
talents  soon  drew  throngs,  a  church  was  organized, 
and  in  two  years  a  meeting-house  was  built  and 
paid  for,  at  a  cost  of  S20,000,  the  equal  of  any  sim- 
ilar structure  in  the  State.  His  services  as  preacher 
and  pastor,  like  many  of  the  earlier  Baptist  min- 
isters in  the   South,  he,  unwisely  for  the  people, 


BRAY 


129 


SUA  I'M  AN 


but  weneroiisly,  gave  for  nothin.^.  His  usefulness 
Wiis  felt  throuj;liout  ovoi-y  part  of  Ooorjria. 

l)r.  Hiilooinlje,  pastor  of  tlio  First  Baptist  cliurch 
of  Pliiladelpliia,  on  liis  deatli-bed,  recoiiiniendcd 
Dr.  Brantly  aj  his  successor.  After  a  second  in- 
vitation had  been  extended  to  him  Ijy  the  First 
churcli,  lie  removed  to  Philadelpliia  in  the  spring 
of  1820.  In  that  city  his  success  was  remarkable, 
— in  eleven  years  he  baptized  6(10  persons  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  cluirch,  and  he  was  instru- 
mental in  foiin<lin;x  the  Norristovvn  church.  De- 
clining health  compelled  him  to  turn  southward 
again,  and  in  1837  he  accepted  the  pastorale  of  the 
First  church,  Charleston,  8.  C.  Shortly  after  he 
came  to  tliat  city  he  was  appointed  president  (if 
the  College  of  Charleston,  tlie  duties  of  which  he 
discharged  till  disease  forbade  him.  He  died  in 
March,  1845. 

Dr.  Brantly  was  a  man  of  fine  talents;  his  learn- 
ing was  profound,  his  classical  scholarship  was  of 
the  highest  order,  his  voice  had  unusual  compass 
and  melod}'.  and  his  heart  went  with  his  elo(|Ucnt 
utterances,  so  that  his  oratory  was  overwhelming; 
the  whole  audience  would  be  alternately  bathed  in 
tears  or  carried  upto  the  third  heaven  in  jubilantde- 
light.  Christ  was  everything  in  his  heart  and  in  his 
sermons,  and  his  ministry  was  a  blessing  to  the 
North  and  to  the  South  of  untold  value. 

Bray,  Rev.  Nathan  H.,  the  apostle  of  the  Sa- 
bine region,  Louisiana,  was  born  in  Petersborough, 
England,  April  29,  1809  ;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1840,  and  landed  at  New  Orleans.  He 
began  to  preach  in  1847,  and  under  his  labors 
churches  were  planted  in  all  that  portion  of  Louis- 
,  iana  bordering  on  the  Sabine  River.  He  was  in- 
defatigable, and  50  or  60  churches  and  .3  Associa- 
tions sprang  up  as  the  fruit,  more  or  less  direct, 
of  his  efforts.  He  was  over  twenty  years  moderator 
of  Sabine  Association,  and  for  many  years  an  officer 
in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Louisiana,  and  for  the  last 
three  years  parish  judge.      He  died  Feb.  IS,  1875. 

Brayman,  Mason,  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
May  23,  181.3.  His  parents,  Daniel  and  Anna 
Brayman,  were  among  the  pioneers  of  Western 
New  York,  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Hamburgh, 
Erie  Co.,  in  181 1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  of 
1812-15  they  removed  to  Buffalo,  not  knowing  what 
course  the  Seneca  Indians,  whose  reservation  lay 
between  the  two  towns,  might  take  in  the  contest. 
On  the  restoration  of  peace  they  returned  to  their 
farm  in  Hamburgh,  accompanied  by  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  where  he  remaineil  until  he  was  between 
seventeen  anil  eighteen  years  old.  when  he  went  to 
Buffalo,  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Journal  as  an 
apprentice  to  the  printing  business.  While  serving 
his  time  he  began  the  study  of  the  law.  which  ho 
continued  wliile  subsequently  editing  the  Republi- 
can and  BuUelin.     He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 


1836,  lie  removed  to  Monroe,  Mich.,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1837,  where  he  pursued  his  favorite  profes- 
sions of  law  and  journalism.  He  remained  here 
until  1839,  and  after  a  brief  sojourn  at  Wouster, 


MAJ.-GEN.    M.4S0V    BRAYMAN. 

0.,  we  next  find  him  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  as  editor 
of  the  Daily  Advertiser.  After  a  successful  career 
of  about  three  years  as  editor,  Mr.  Brayman  made 
another  westward  move,  and  pitched  his  tent  in 
Springfield,  111  ,  in  1842,  where  he  again  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  in  partnership  with  the 
lion.  Jesse  B.  Thomas.  Not  forgetting  his  pro- 
pensity for  editorial  life,  he  wrote  much  for  the 
State  Register,  and  also  acted  as  assistant  State 
treasurer  for  several  years.  He  was  appointed  by 
Gov.  Ford  to  revise  and  codify  the  laws  of  the 
State,  and  the  result  of  his  labors,  which  the  legal 
profession  facetiousl}'  called  the  "  Bramlnical 
Code,"  was  authority  in  all  Illinois  courts  for  many 
years.  He  was  also  commissioned  liy  Gov.  Ford 
special  State's  attorney  to  pro.secute  the  offenses 
which  grew  out  of  the  "Mormon  war"  at  Nauvoo. 
After  the  transfer  of  the  Congressional  land 
grant  by  the  State  to  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
Company,  Mr.  Brayman  became  the  attorney  of 
the  corporation,  which  necessitated  his  removal  to 
Chicago,  where,  in  18.53,  he  opened  an  office,  and 
engaged  in  securing  the  right  of  way  and  the 
transaction  of  the  general  business  of  that  com- 
pany. His  connection  with  the  company  having 
terminated,  he  was  appointed  land  agent  of  the 
Cairo  and  Fulton  Railroa<l  Company  of  Mi.ssouri 
and  Arkansas,  and  subsequently  became  general 
superintendent  for  the  construction  of  the  road. 


SRAYMAN 


130 


BRA YTON 


The  opening:  of  the  civil  war  found  him  a^ain 
in  Sprinijfielil.  He  enlisted  in  the  29tli  Illinois 
Viilunteers,  of  which  he  was  soon  commissioned  as 
major  by  Gor.  Yates,  and  was  also  appointed  adju- 
tant on  the  staff  of  Gen.  McClernand.  The  first 
I)attle  in  which  he  was  under  fire  was  the  short  but 
bloody  one  of  Belmont,  in  Missouri.  Then  followed 
Forts  Henry  and  Donelson,  where  Major  Brayinan 
is  credited  with  havinj;  done  brave  and  efficient 
service.  At  the  great  battle  of  Pittsburgh  Land- 
ing he  commanded  a  brigade,  and  for  meritorious 
conduct  on  the  field  was  promoted  to  be  a  brigadier- 
general.  He  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  victorious 
army,  and  was  assigneil  to  separate  commands.  His 
health  having  become  impaired  Ijv  a  partial  sun- 
stroke, (Jen.  Brayman  left  the  active  duties  of  the 
field,  and  was  subsequently  in  command  of  Camp 
Dcnison,  at  Columbus,  0.,  the  district  of  Cairo,  in 
Illinois  and  Kentucky,  and  of  Natchez,  in  Missis- 
sippi, and  towards  the  conclusion  of  the  war  was 
appointed  president  of  a  commission  or  court  to 
adjudicate  upon  the  important  cotton  cases  which 
had  been  accumulating  at  \ew  Orleans.  So  well 
satisfied  were  the  President  and  Secretary  of  War 
with  his  varied  and  important  services  that  he  was 
brcvettcd  major-general. 

The  war  being  over.  Gen.  Brayman  returned  to 
Springfield.  Having  become  part  prn]irietor  of  the 
Quiney  Whic/  and  its  editor,  be  removed  to  that 
city,  but  subsequently  returned  to  Springfield,  as 
editor  and  co-proprietor  of  the  Daily  Journal.  But 
his  health  having  been  much  impaired  by  the  hard 
services  of  the  war,  he  was  impelled  to  remove  to 
Green  Lake,  AVis.,  which  is  his  present  home.  In 
1876,  Gen.  Grant,  his  old  commander,  tendered 
him  the  governorship  of  Idaho,  which  he  accepted, 
and  is  still  at  his  post  when  this  sketch  is  written, 
though  his  term  of  oflice  has  nearly  expired. 

Gen.  Brayman  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  having  been  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Charles  Morton  at  Wooster,  0.,  in 
1839.  He  immediately  identified  himself  actively 
with  the  local  and  general  work  of  the  denomina- 
tion in  this  State,  and  has  ever  been  an  efficient 
and  liberal  helper.  In  185.5  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society, 
and  has  been  several  times  president  of  the  General 
Association  of  the  State.  He  also  has  ever  taken 
an  active  interest  in  educational  movements.  He 
has  been  trustee  and  one  of  the  regents  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  and  trustee  of  the  Illinois  State 
Industrial  University,  and  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  first  members  of  the  Chicago  Historical  So- 
ciety. While  in  command  at  Xatchez  he  estab- 
lished schools  for  the  colored  people :  while  in 
Little  Bock,  Ark.,  on  railroad  business,  he  gave 
positive  aid  in  school  matters,  and  since  his  resi- 
dence in  AVisconsin  has  been  connected  with  the 


management  of  Wayland  Institute,  at  Beaver 
Dam. 

Brayton,  Rev.  Durlin  L.,  was  born  in  Hub- 
barilston,  \'t.,  Oct.  L'T.  ISIJH.  Having  decided  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry,  he  pursued  his  col- 
legiate studies  at  Brown  University,  and  his  theo- 
logical studies  at  Newton,  where  he  graduated  in 
1837.  He  was  ordained  at  Providence.  Oct.  1.5, 
1837,  having  received  his  appointment  as  a  mis- 
sionary tlie  June  previous.  He  sailed  from  Bos- 
ton Oct.  28,  1857,  and  reaching  Maulmain,  Fi-li.  19, 
1858,  became  connected  with  the  Karen  department 
of  the  Maulmain  mission,  from  which  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Mcrgui  the  April  following,  where  he 
devoted  himself  to  labors  among  the  Pwo  Karons. 
Near  the  close  of  this  year  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brayton 
returned  to  this  country,  on  account  of  the  illness 
of  Mrs.  Brayton.  He  remained  but  a  few  months, 
and  then  resumed  his  work  at  Mergui.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  was  occupied  with  his  missionary  la- 
bors, making  Mergui  bis  headquarters,  and  vis  ting 
the  adjacent  regions  to  preach  the  gospel  as  op]ior- 
tunity  presented.  In  March,  1854,  he  removeil  lo 
Donabew  for  the  purpose  of  reaching  a  numerous 
Pwo  Karen  population  in  th.it  vicinity.  lie  re- 
mained here  until  May.  1855,  when  he  establisheil 
himself  at  Kemmendine.  His  relation  with  the 
Union  was  dissolved  by  a  letter  of  resignation 
bearing  date  July  28,  1856,  and  w,as  resumed  in 
October,  1861.  With  the  exception  of  the  time 
spent  in  a  second  visit  to  his  native  land,  Mr. 
Brayton  has  devoted  himself  to  missionary  labors 
among  the  Pwo  Karens  in  the  Rangoon  Karen  de- 
partment, where,  at  the  last  report,  there  were  13 
churches,  with  398  members,  Mr.  Brayton's  forty 
years  of  service  as  a  missionary  have  been  accom- 
panied with  the  richest  blessings  from  heaven. 

Brayton,  Hon.  George  Arnold,  LL.D.,  son  of 
Charles  and  Reliecca  (Havens)  Brayton,  was  born 
in  Warwick.  R.  I.,  Aug.  4,  1803,  He  was  prepared 
for  college  at  Kent  Academy,  in  East  Greenwich, 
R.  I,,  and  was  graduated  with  high  rank  at  Brown 
University,  in  the  cl.ass  of  1824.  Among  his  class- 
mates were  the  eminent  Prof.  George  W,  Keely, 
of  Waterville  College  ;  Hon.  Ezra  Wilkinson,  jus- 
tice of  the  .Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts;  and 
Rev.  William  Leverett,  of  Newport,  R,  I,  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827,  and  at  once  opened 
an  office  in  his  native  town.  He  was  called  during 
a  succession  of  years  to  fill  various  offices  of  honor 
and  trust  in  the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens  of  his 
native  town.  In  1843  he  was  chosen  by  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  associate  justice  of  the  .Supreme 
Court  of  Rhode  Island,  He  held  this  office  until 
1868.  when  he  w.as  elected  chief  justice,  remaining 
in  office  until  1874,  when  ill  health  obliged  him  to 
resign,  after  a  judicial  service  of  thirty-one  years, 
the  longest  in  the  historv  of  Rhode  Island.     So 


BRA YTOX 


131 


BREAKER 


hifjhly  was  he  appreciated  that  his  salary  was  con- 
tinued until  his  death.  He  spent  the  last  years  of 
his  life  in  the  retirement  of  his  home  in  East  Green- 
wich, lie  contemplated  the  close  of  life  with 
Christian    calmness    and    composure.      Although 


CniEF   JUSTICE   GEOKGE    ARNOLD   BR.\YT0X. 

Judjre  Brayton  never  made  a  public  profession  of 
religion,  his  sympathies  were  with  the  Baptists, 
and,  had  his  health  not  given  way,  it  was  his  pur- 
pose to  have  been  baptized  on  a  profession  of  his 
personal  faith  in  Christ.  Ilis  death  occurred  April 
21,  1880.  lie  received  from  Brown  University,  in 
1870,  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  In 
1831  he  married  Celia  Greene  Clarke,  a  descendant 
of  Joseph  Clarke,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  a  brother  of 
Dr.  John  Clarke,  a  name  distinguished  in  the  an- 
nals of  Baptist  history  in  Rhode  Island. 

Brayton,  Eev.  Jonathan,  son  of  Lodowick  and 
Betsey  (Knight)  Brayton,  was  born  in  Cranston, 
R.  I..  June  12,  1811.  The  first  eighteen  years  of 
his  life  were  spent  on  his  father's  farm.  He  then 
worked  at  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  four  years.  At 
the  end  of  this  period  he  came  very  near  losing  his 
life  in  con-sequence  of  a  fall  of  sixty  feet  from  the 
steeple  of  a  church  upon  which  he  was  at  work  in 
Providence.  Previous  to  this  his  thoughts  had 
been  directed  to  his  personal  spiritual  state,  and 
after  his  conversion,  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
In  the  event  which  laid  him  aside  from  his  trade 
he  seemed  to  hear  the  call  of  God  to  prepare  him- 
self to  become  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  Although 
he  was  now  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  entered 
upon  a  course  of  preparatory  study,  and  in  the  fall 


of  1839  entered  the  Hamilton  Theological  Institu- 
tion, where  he  remained  two  years,  completing  his 
course  of  study  in  1841.  Peculiar  circumstances 
led  him  to  decide  to  be  ordained  at  Hamilton,  and 
he  was  publicly  set  apart  to  the  work  of  the  Chris- 
tian ministry  by  the  faculty  of  the  institution  per- 
forming the  services  of  his  ordination.  At  once 
he  returned  to  Rhode  Island,  and  commenced  his 
ministry  at  Phenix,  where  a  powerful  revival  fol- 
lowed his  labors  and  a  prosperous  church  was  es- 
tablished. The  other  settlements  of  Mr.  Brayton 
have  all  been  in  his.native  State,  in  two  villages  in 
Warwick,  in  one  village  in  Coventry,  and  in  Paw- 
tucket.  Such  has  been  the  state  of  his  health  that 
he  has  been  unaVjle  always  to  perform  the  duties 
of  a  pastor,  but  in  all  matters  affecting  the  welfare 
and  prosperity  of  his  denomination  he  has  ever 
taken  the  most  substantial  interest.  He  has  held 
many  important  local  offices,  and  his  name  has  been 
mentioned  in  connection  with  the  governorship  of 
Rhode  Island. 

Brayton,  Hon.  Williani  Daniel,  son  of  Hon. 
Charles  and  Rebecca  (Havens)  Brayton,  was  born 
in  Warwick.  R.  I.,  Nov.  6,  1815 ;  studied  at  Kings- 
ton Academy  and  Brown  University  ;  engaged  in 
the  lumber  trade ;  was  representative  in  the  General 
Assembly  in  1841  and  1842  ;  a  major  during  the 
"  Dorr  war"  ;  became  town  clerk  of  Warwick  ; 
president  of  the  town  council  ;  in  1n4S,  State  sena- 
tor :  in  1851  was  again  in  the  General  Assembly  ; 
in  1855  was  again  State  senator  ;  in  1856,  Presi- 
dential elector;  in  1857,  elected  representative  to 
Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1859  ;  served  on  a  war 
committee  during  the  Rebellion  ;  in  1862  was  ap- 
pointed collector  of  internal  revenue  :  in  1872,  dele- 
gate to  National  Republican  Convention  ;  asteadlast 
Baptist  and  earnest  patriot ;  and  has  had  charge 
of  the  money-orders  <>f  the  Providence  post-office. 

Breaker,  Rev.  J.  M.  C,  was  bom  near  Camden, 
Kershaw  District.  S.  C.  July  2-"),  1824;  graduated 
from  Furman  Literarj-  and  Theological  Institution, 
Fairfield,  S.  C,  June,  1846;  ordained  to  the  minis- 
try July  3,  1846;  has  been  pastor  of  Greenville, 
Grahamville,  Beaufort,  Columbia,  Spartansburg, 
S.  C. ;  Newbern,  N.  C. ;  Park  Avenue,  St.  Louis, 
Liberty  and  First  church,  St.  Joseph.  Mo.  :  and 
has  been  pastor  at  Houston,  Texas,  since  April, 
1877,  where  he  is  excelled  by  no  other  city  minister 
in  ability  and  influence  ;  for  sever.al  years  was  sec- 
retary of  the  South  Carolina  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention ;  founded  and  edited  at  Columbia,  S.  C, 
during  the  war,  a  weekly  paper  called  The  Cim- 
federate  Baptist ;  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Lagrange  College,.  Mo. ;  is  a  life-member  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  the  Amerioan 
Bible  Society ;  has  baptized  1520  persons  ;  is  author 
of  a  prize  essay  on  "Communion,"'  published  in 


BREEDLOVE 


132 


R  RID  G  MAX 


1859,  and  has  contributed  a  number  of  articles  to 
the  Christian  Review  and  other  periodicals. 

Breedlove,  Charles  R.,  was  born  in  Danville, 
Vu..  April  3,  I.Sol  ;  ciliicutod  at  Baylor  University, 
Texas;  graduated  both  Croni  the  cnllogiate  depart- 
ment and  the  law  school  ;  served  three  years  in 
Col.  L.  M.  Martin's  Confederate  regiment:  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church  twenty-one 
years:  since  18G5  ha.s  practiced  law  at  Brenhain, 
Texas,  with  distinguished  success  and  profit.  lie 
has  been  president  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Sunday- 
School  Convention,  and  is  connected  with  all  the 
prominent  benevolent  enterprises  of  the  denomina- 
tion, working  earnestly  and  contributing  freely. 
lie  is  in  the  front  rank  as  a  lawyer,  and  he  holds 
a  high  place  among  the  earnest  working  Christians 
of  the  ['niti'd  .States. 

Breland,  Rev.  0.  F.,  was  a  leading  minister  in 
Southeast  Mississippi.  lie  was  born  in  Copiah 
Co.,  Miss.,  in  1825;  began  to  preach  in  18.")y;  or- 
dained in  18f)6;  supplied  a  number  of  churches  in 
Neshoba,  Newton,  and  Leake  Counties,  from  two 
to  twelve  years  ;  baptized  300 ;  assisted  in  organ- 
izing seven  churches  and  in  the  ordination  of  three 
ministers  ;  wrote  the  history  of  Mount  Sinai  church, 
and  has  preserved  much  historical  material,  llis 
residence  is  at  Dixnn,  Neshoba  Co.,  Jliss. 

Brewer,  Rev.  George  E.,  was  born  in  Coving- 
ton, Ga.,  Oct.  13,  1832  ;  came  with  his  father  to  .Vla- 
bama  at  fifteen  years  of  age  ;  began  life  for  himself 
as  a  teacher  in  1851.  In  1852  was  with  his  father, 
Rev.  A.  G.  Brewer  (one  of  the  founders  of  the  Meth- 
odist Protestant  Church),  engaged  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Christian  Telegraph,  a  weekly  paper  for 
that  denomination.  Returning  to  Alabama,  was  in 
185(5  elected  superintendent  of  public  schools  for 
Coosa  County.  In  1857  he  was  elected  represen- 
tative from  that  county  to  the  State  Legislature. 
In  1859  he  was  chosen  to  the  State  Senate  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  In  1862  lie  entered  the  Con- 
federate army  as  captain  of  a  company.  His  field- 
officers  being  prisoners  from  the  16th  of  May,  1863, 
to  the  close  of  the  war,  he  commanded  the  46th 
Regiment  of  Alabama  soldiers,  and  surrendered  the 
regiment  at  Salisbury,  N.  C.  In  1866.  Gov.  Patton 
appointed  him  inspector-general  of  Alabama.  This 
office  was  resigned  that  he  might  enter  upon  the 
work  of  an  evangelist,  under  appointment  of  the 
Domestic  Mission  Board.  The  religious  side  of 
his  history  is  as  follows :  Baptized  at  Rockford, 
Ala.,  in  18.54,  by  Rev.  Madison  Butler.  Ordained 
in  1859  to  take  charge  of  the  church  in  the  city  of 
Wetempka,  a  connectitm  which  continued  until  be 
entered  the  army.  As  an  evangelist  after  the  war, 
through  privation,  and  yet  "with  great  spiritual 
joy,"  he  continued  this  work  for  several  years, 
part  of  the  time  without  the  patronage  of  any 
board,  and,  on  foot,  reaching  all  his  appointments, 


giving  satisfaction  to  the  churches  and  receiving 
satisfactory  support.  Since  1870  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  pastoral  work,  having  charge  for  some 
years  of  Talassee  and  other  churches  ;  then  for 
some  years  at  Opelika.  Mr.  Brewer  is  one  of  our 
most  clear-headed  and  warm-hearted  men.  A  bold, 
gifted,  able  preacher,  with  a  high  order  of  consecra- 
tion. 

Bridgman,  C.  D.  W.,  D.D.— Dr.   Bridgman 
was  born  in  Saugerties,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  1,  1S35.     lie 


C.    D.    W.    BRIDGMAN,    D.D. 

was  baptized  by  Rev.  Josiah  Ilatt  into  the  fellovr- 
ship  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Iloboken,  N.  J.  His 
first  pastorate  was  at  Morristown.  N.  J.,  then  at 
Jamaica,  Mass..  and  in  1862  he  took  charge  of  Em- 
manuel Baptist  church  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  During 
his  labors  the  church  erected  one  of  the  largest  and 
finest  edifices  for  public  worship  in  our  denomina- 
tion in  the  State.  Supported  l)y  such  well-known 
men  as  Gov.  Marcy,  Hon.  Ira  Harris,  Hon.  Friend 
Humphrey,  Hon.  Geo.  Dawson,  and  others  of  wealth 
and  high  social  influence,  the  church  became  a 
power  for  good  in  the  capital  of  the  State,  and 
throughout  the  country.  During  that  pastorate 
several  of  his  sermons  were  printed  and  published 
by  his  people ;  among  them  may  be  noted  a  dis- 
course delivered  before  the  Pearl  Street  Baptist 
church,  Aug.  28,  1870,  on  the  occasion  of  leaving 
their  old  house  of  worship  ;  also  a  sermon  entitled 
''The  Nation's  Exodus,"  a  review  of  the  civil  war, 
and  a  thank.sgiving  for  peace.  A  discoiir.se  at  the 
funeral  of  Col.  Lewis  Benedict,  who  fell  in  battle 
fighting  for  the  Union.  A  memorial  discourse  on 
the  life  and  service  of  Rev.  Bartholomew  T.  AVelsh, 


BKLEHLV 


133 


BRIGGS 


D.D.,  was  so  highly  prized  that  the  Hudson  River 
North  Association  pulilislied  it  in  its  annual  report. 
Perhaps  his  published  discourse  on  the  death  of 
Hon.  Ira  Harris  produced  the  deepest  impression 
on  the  pulflic  mind.  The  subject  of  the  memorial 
was  an  officer  of  his  church,  and  had  a  national 
reputation  for  probity,  learning,  wisdom,  and  piety, 
■riviiifc  the  preacher  a  theme  well  suited  to  his 
ability. 

Dr.  Briiliiman  is  a  schohirly  prearhcr,  of  orthodox 
views,  faultless  rhetoric,  and  fervid  zeal  for  the 
Master. 

In  1878  he  accepted  a  call  from  tlie  .Madison 
Avenue  Baptist  church,  New  York,  a  field  well 
adapted  to  his  style  of  work,  and  he  has  had 
marked  success  in  building  up  a  congregation 
wbicli  had  lifen  greatly  reduced. 

Brierly,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  one  of  the  most 
distinguished,  eloquent,  and  intluential  of  the  early 
preachers  in  California.  Born  in  York,  Englan<l, 
Nov.  24,  1811,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  America 
in  1S2I,  and  during  the  great  revival  in  Massa- 
chusetts in  1831,  he  was  baptized  at  Cunningham. 
He  believed  that  he  was  converted  in  his  early 
childhood.  As  soon  as  he  was  baptized  he  gave 
great  promise  of  usefulness  by  his  fervent  prayers 
and  exhortations,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  min- 
istry. His  four  years  of  study  at  Newtm  and 
New  IIam]iton  were  years  of  diligence,  and  he 
graduated  with  high  honor.  He  was  ordained  in 
1835  at  Dover,  N.  H.,  and  during  the  next  fourteen 
years  was  a  popular  pastor  at  Dover,  Great  Falls, 
Springfield,  Middlebury,  Vt. ;  Manchester,  N.  II.  ; 
and  Salcni,  Mass.  For  the  benefit  of  his  health 
he  took  a  sea  voyage  via  Cape  Horn  to  California, 
arriving  there  in  August.  184',).  He  was  chaplain 
of  the  first  Legislature  held  in  that  State,  preached 
at  San  Jose,  and  was  pastor  at  Sacramento.  After 
a  short  visit  to  the  East  he  returned  with  his  fam- 
ily to  California  in  1852 ;  was  pastor  of  the  First 
church,  San  Francisco,  six  years ;  at  San  .Jos6  two 
years ;  and  three  years  at  Nevada  City,  where  he 
died  July  21,  1863.  He  was  a  man  of  groat  power 
in  the  discussion  of  special  religious  themes.  His 
address  in  1847  before  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  giving  his  reasons  for  becoming 
a  Baptist,  was  published  by  vote  of  the  society,  and 
had  a  wide  circulatidu. 

Briggs,  Hon.  George  Nixon. — "  Governor" 
Briggs,  for  by  this  title  he  was  best  known,  was 
born  in  Adams,  Mass.,  April  12.  1796.  His  father 
was  a  man  of  generous  impulses,  and  patriotic 
spirit.  In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he  fought 
with  Stark  and  Allen,  and  rejoiced  in  the  victories 
of  the  American  army.  lie  removed  to  Man- 
chester, Vt.,  when  George  was  .seven  years  of  age, 
and  then  to  White  Creek.  Washington  Co,,  N.  Y. 
For  five  years  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of 


law,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  One  or  two  ca.seg  which  he  carried  suc- 
cessfully through  the  courts  won  for  him  a  repu- 
tation, and  led  to  his  being  chosen  to  fill  several 
important  posts  of  honor  and  responsibility. 


GOV.    GEORGE    NIXON    BRIGGS. 

In  1830  he  was  chosen  to  represent  his  section 
of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  at  Washington.  In  this  relation 
he  was  always  the  consistent  Christian,  the  warm 
advocate  of  temperance,  as  well  as  the  accomplished 
statesman.  For  twelve  years  he  served  his  district 
in  the  councils  of  the  nation,  leaving  behind  him 
a  name  in  Congress  of  unsullied  honor. 

In  1843  his  fellow-citizens,  appreciating  the  ex- 
cellencies of  his  character,  elected  him  governor 
of  the  State.  "  He  was  a  candidate,"  says  his  son, 
"without  caucus  or  convention  or  nomination,  save 
by  the  voice  of  the  people,"  When  he  was  chosen 
representative  to  Congress,  so  warm  a  place  did  he 
come  to  have  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  while  he 
filled  the  office  of  governor,  that  he  justified  the 
course  pursued  by  his  constituents  in  sending  him 
to  Washington  and  keeping  him  there  so  many 
years.  For  nine  years  he  held  the  office  of  gov- 
ernor, and  administered  the  affairs  of  the  State  in 
a  way  which  secured  him  the  respect  and  aficction 
of  his  fellow-citizens. 

Having  retired  from  his  office,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
until  some  change  was  made  in  the  courts,  when 
his  services  were  no  longer  in  demand.  During 
this  long  period  of  civil  service  Gov.  Briggs  re- 
ceived some  of  the  highest  honors  that  his  own 


BRIGGS 


134 


BRIXE 


denomination  could  confer  on  him.  He  was  pres- 
iilent  of  the  Missionary  Union,  and  those  who 
witnessed  the  dijinity  and  urbanity  and  tact  with 
whicli  he  presided  over  its  annual  meetings,  will 
not  be  unwillinji;  to  concede  that  he  was  a  model 
presiding  officer.  lie  was  also  president  of  the 
American  Tract  Society  at  Boston,  and  the  Amer- 
ican Temperance  Union.  Positions  of  honor  and 
trust  were  otTered  him,  which  he  declined,  among 
these  was  that  of  chancellor  of  Madison  Univer- 
sity. 

'J'lie  death  of  Gov.  Briggs  was  caused  by  a  seri- 
ous accident.  Ilis  last  words  were,  "  I  am  at  the 
lowest  point  of  animal  existence.  I  don't  see. 
God  and  Christ  are  my  all.  I  love  you.  I)^)  what 
you  think  best.  Leave  all  to  God,  God,  God.'' 
He  died  Sept.  12,  1861. 

No  wanner  or  more  sincere  eulogies  were  ever 
passed  on  the  characters  of  any  of  Massachusetts' 
distinguished  statesmen — and  no  State  can  boast 
of  a  larger  or  more  honored  number — than  were 
passed  on  Gov.  Briggs.  He  was  firm  and  un- 
wavering in  his  religious  convictions,  and  true  to 
the  principles  of  the  denomination  with  which  he 
connected  himself  when  he  was  but  twelve  years 
of  age.  It  was  understood  that  he  was  a  consci- 
entious Baptist,  and  that  did  not  make  him  the  less 
a  conscientious  Christian.  But  the  warmth  of  his 
attachment  to  his  own  church  in  his  I'ittstield 
home  it  is  not  easy  to  measure.  Its  public  and 
its  private  worship  were  exceedingly  dear  to  him. 
Very  touching  were  the  questions  which  his  pastor. 
Dr.  Porter,  asked  at  his  funeral ;  '■  Can  it  be,  dear 
brethren,  that  he  will  walk  these  aisles  no  more? 
Can  it  be  that  his  nolde  form,  and  mild  blue  eye, 
and  benevolent  face  will  not  be  seen  again  in  the 
sanctuary?'' 

We,  as  Baptists,  count  it  a  great  honor  that  we 
can  point  to  the  name  of  the  pure-minded  gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts,  upon  whose  fair  reputation 
no  stain  rests,  and  whose  moral  integrity  was  never 
challenged  by  even  the  most  violent  partisan  ani- 
mosity. 

Briggs,  Hon.  Henry  C,  was  born  in  West  Ha- 
ven, Vt.,  .June  29,  1831.  In  his  infancy  his  father 
removed  to  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.  He  was  educated 
partly  in  Kalamazoo  College  and  partly  in  the 
University  of  Michigan.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1861,  having  previously  lieen  chosen  State 
senator  from  Allegan  County.  He  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Kalanuizoo  County  four  years,  and 
judge  of  probate  eight  years.  Soon  after  entering 
on  the  practice  of  his  profession  he  was  baptized 
by  Hev.  Samuel  Haskell,  and  has  ever  since  been 
specially  interested  in  whatever  pertains  to  the 
kingdum  of  Christ.  As  superintendent  of  tiie  Sun- 
day-school, as  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College,  as  a 
steadfast  friend  of  temperance,  he  has  won  a  good 


name.  Every  Baptist  in  the  State  knows  him  as  a 
Christian  lawyer  desirous  of  iionoring  Christ. 

Briggs,  Rev.  Joel,  was  born  in  Niu-ton,  Mass., 
April  Ij,  1757;  hopffully  converted  in  January, 
1770;  fitted  for  college  with  Rev.  William  Nelson 
and  Rev.  William  Williams  ;  went  to  Brown  Uni- 
versity ;  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Randolph,  Mass.,  Dec.  5,  1787,  and  re- 
mained with  this  church  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  Jan.  18,  1828.  The  pastorate  of 
Mr.  Briggs  was  one  of  unusual  length,  and  was 
fruitful  for  good.  He  witnessed  four  or  five  special 
revivals  among  his  people,  in  one  of  which  his 
church  received  an  accession  of  between  70  and  80 
members.  From  his  church  there  were  formed  two 
others,  viz.,  the  church  in  Canton  and  the  North 
church  in  Randolph. 

Briggs,  W.  A.,  of  Blue  Rapids,  Kansas,  is  a 
native  of  Western  Massiichusetts,  and  a  nephew 
of  the  late  Gov.  Briggs.  The  church  at  Blue 
Rapids  was  organized  and  their  house  of  worship 
erected  under  his  efficient  labors.  His  business 
qualifications  being  of  a  high  order,  he  has  been 
induced  to  accept  the  office  of  mayor  of  the  city, 
which  position  he  has  held  several  years,  to  tlie 
great  satisfaction  of  the  people. 

Bright,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Walton, 
England,  in  1808.  He  was  baptized  in  Utica,  N.  Y., 
and  soon  after  entered  the  ministry.  He  labored 
as  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Richland.  Pulaski, 
and  Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Elkhorn,  Walworth, 
Spring  Prairie,  Geneva,  Fox  Lake,  Waupaca,  and 
Madison,  Wis.  He  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1852. 
He  was  a  widely-known  and  greatly-beloved  min- 
ister of  Christ,  a  clear  and  strong  preacher  of  the 
gospel.  He  clung  tenaciously  to  its  ductrines,  and 
delighted  in  a  full  exposition  of  the  plan  of  salvation. 
And  while  he  was  agreat  expounder  of  divine  truth, 
he  was  at  the  same  time  richly  experimental  in  his 
pre.iching.  His  doctrines  were  personal  experi- 
ences coming  from  his  heart  to  the  hearts  of  his 
hearers.  He  was  a  safe  and  judicious  counselor,  a 
wise  man.  His  presence  in  the  ehurch,  the  council, 
the  Association,  the  convention,  was  always  sought 
by  his  brethren.     He  had  no  enemies. 

He  fell  with  the  harness  on.  While  preaching 
in  his  pulpit  in  Madi.son,  Wis.,  on  Sabbath  evening, 
Sept.  10,  1870,  he  sank  back  on  the  sofa  in  death. 
In  his  decease  the  Bajitists  of  Wisconsin  lost  one 
of  the  best  of  ministers, — a  man  whose  well-bal- 
anced mind,  large  heart,  and  clear  and  experimental 
knowledge  of  God's  Word  raised  him  far  ab  've 
many. 

Brine,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Kettering,  Eng- 
land, about  1703.  When  very  young  the  Saviour 
found  him  and  revealed  his  love  in  him.  Jind  he 
united  by  baptism  with  the  immersed  church  of 
Kettering,  by  which  he  was  called  to  the  ministry. 


BRINSOX 


135 


BRISTOL 


After  preachinjr  foi-  a  short  time  in  the  country, 
he  went  to  London  in  1730  to  enter  upon  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  in  St.  Paul's  Alley.  Cripple- 
gate,  lie  remained  in  tliis  position  thirty-tive 
years,  and  left  it  for  his  iieavenly  reward  Feb.  21, 
1705. 

Mr.  Brine  was  a  great  man  measured  by  his  in- 
tellect, his  usefulness,  and  his  influence.  He  was 
a  man  of  deep  piety  ;  he  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  Holy  .Scriptures.  He  had  an  enthu.slastie 
love  for  the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  next  to  Dr. 
Gill,  whose  early  ministrations  brought  him  to 
Jesus,  he  was  for  years  the  most  influential  leader 
in  tlie  Baptist  denomination.  His  doctrinal  senti- 
ments were  in  exact  h:irinony  with  those  of  Dr. 
Gill.  The  doctor  preached  Iiis  funeral  sermon,  and 
in  it  said,  "  1  might  take  notice  of  his  natural  and 
ac((uired  abilities,  his  great  understanding,  clear 
light,  and  sound  judgment  in  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel,  and  the  great  deep  things  of  God,  and  of 
his  zeal,  skill,  and  courage  in  vindicating  important 
truths  published  by  him  to  the  world,  and  by  which 
he  being  dead  yet  speaketb.'' 

Mr.  Brine  was  the  author  of  24  sermons,  pub- 
lished separately  at  various  times  during  his  min- 
istry, and  of  14  pamphlets  and  larger  works. 

Brinson,  Rev.  James,  a  pioneer  in  the  region 
between  Ouachita  and  Red  River,  was  born  in  Ten- 
nessee. By  his  labors  some  of  the  earliest  churches 
in  this  region  were  gathered.     lie  died  in  1831. 

Brisbane,  Dr.  Wm.  H.,  was  bom  near  Charles- 
ton, .S.  C.  His  ancestors  were  of  aristocratic  Eng- 
lish and  Irish  families,  and  he  was  the  heir  of 
large  wealth.  His  early  education  was  intrusted 
to  Bishop  England,  of  the  Roman  Catbolic  Church, 
and  subsequently  to  Rev.  AVni.  T.  Brantly,  then 
president  of  Beaufort  College.  At  the  age  of  tifteen 
he  was  sent  North,  to  the  military  school  at  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  from  which  he  was  graduated  with 
honor  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  Soon  after  this  he 
was  converted,  and  at  once  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel.  His  fine  culture  and  attain- 
ments, and  his  consecration  to  the  work,  [ilaced  bini 
very  early  in  the  front  ranks  of  the  Baptist  ministry 
of  the  South.  He  had  among  his  personal  friends 
such  men  as  Fuller,  Hciwell,  Jeter,  and  Brantly  ; 
and  among  well  known  public  men  he  enjoyed  the 
friendship  of -Jackson,  Calhoun,  Clay,  Webster,  and 
Benton.  He  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  pulilic 
alfairs  and  current  political  matters,  and  his  splen- 
did culture  and  large  wealth  gave  him  access  to  the 
best  society  of  the  country.  He  spent  much  time 
at  the  State  and  National  capitals,  where  he  became 
deeply  interested  in  questions  then  agitating  both 
State  ami  i\ation,  among  tlii-m  the  question  of 
American  slavery.  This  subject  had  early  in  life 
taken  a  deep  and  absorbing  hold  upon  his  mind, 
he  liimself  being  a  large  slave-holder.     After  an 


honest  and  prayerful  consideration  of  the  question, 
extending  tlirough  several  years,  he  became  con- 
vinced that  the  system  was  wrong;  and  he  resolved 
to  give  freedom  to  liis  slaves.  He  bought  back  the 
servants  he  hail  sold,  and  having  {)urchascd  land 
in  Ohio,  he  came  with  his  former  slaves  and  settled 
them  in  new  homes,  abundantly  supplying  the 
means  for  their  immediate  support.  And  Dr.  Bris- 
bane himself  became  a  resident  of  Cincinnati,  0. 
Here  he  labored  with  renewe<l  consecration  in  the 
work  of  tlie  ministry.  He  became  a  radical  and 
uncompromising  leader  in  the  cause  of  human 
emancipation. 

For  twenty-five  years  Wisconsin  was  honored  in 
having  tliis  good  man  among  her  citizens.  He  was 
widely  known  as  the  friend  and  champion  of  every 
good  cause.  He  preached  the  gospel  in  his  declining 
years  with  great  power  at  Madison,  Mazomanie, 
Spring  Green,  and  other  places.  He  was  gre.atly 
admired  for  his  undoubted  conscientiousness,  his 
deep  humility,  his  great  services  to  the  cause  of 
truth  and  sound  reform.  He  died  at  his  home  at 
Arena,  Wis.,  on  the  5th  of  April,  1878,  aged 
seventy-five  years. 

Bristol  Baptist  College,  England,  is  the  oldest 
of  the  theological  seminaries  of  the  denomination. 
Many  of  the  eminent  men  who  founded  the  early 
Baptist  churches  in  England  and  Wales  had  been 
educated  at  the  universities  of  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge, and  when  the  doors  of  these  great  national 
institutions  were  closed  against  Nonconformists  by 
law,  after  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.,  they  felt 
themselves  compelled  to  provide  for  the  continuance 
of  an  educated  ministry.  In  1075  the  Baptist 
ministers  in  London  invited  their  brethren  tbrougli- 
out  the  country  to  meet  in  the  following  May  in 
the  metropolis  with  a  view  to  form  "a  plan  for 
providing  an  orderly  standing  ministry  who  might 
give  themselves  to  reading  and  stuily,  and  so  be- 
come able  ministers  of  the  New  Testament."  Four 
years  after  this  meeting,  in  1079,  an  excellent 
deacon  of  the  Broadmead  cburcli.  Bristol,  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Terrill,  executed  a  deed  leaving  a  considerable 
part  of  his  property  to  the  pastor  of  the  Broad- 
mead  church  for  the  time  being,  "  provided  be  be  a 
holy  man,  well  skilled  in  the  Greek  and  Hebrew 
tongues,  and  devote  three  luilf-days  a  week  to  the 
instruction  of  any  number  of  young  students,  not 
exceeding  twelve,  who  maybe  recommended  by  the 
churches."  In  1089  what  was  called  a  (^leneral 
Assembly  was  convened  in  London,  in  wliich  more 
than  one  hundred  churches  were  represented,  and 
it  was  resolved  to  raise  a  fund,  one  object  of  which 
should  be  to  assist  "  members  of  churches  who  had 
promising  gifts,  were  sound  in  fundamentals,  and 
inclined  to  study,  in  attaining  to  the  knowledge  of 
Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew."  Progress,  however, 
was  slow  for  various  reasons.     Mr.  Terrill's  fund 


BRISTOL 


136 


BRITTAIN 


did  not  become  available  until  the  death  of  his 
■widow,  but  there  is  evidence  showing  that  Mr. 
Caleb  Jope  was  chosen  as  one  of  the  ministers  of 
the  Broadmead  church,  Bristol,  for  the  purpose  of 
teachintr,  and  that  he  received  support  from  Ter- 
rill's  fund  from  1714  to  1719.  With  the  acceptance 
of  the  pastorate  at  Broadmead  by  Mr.  Bernard 
Foskett.  in  1720,  the  Bristol  Academy  became  a 
recoj;nized  institution  among  the  churches.  The 
Particular  Baptist  Fund,  which  had  been  established 
in  1717,  included  ministerial  education  among  its 
objects,  and  from  this  quarter  the  work  at  Bristol 
received  considerable  aid.  Sixty-five  students  were 
tauj^ht  by  Mr.  Foskett.  of  whom  the  most  note- 
worthy were  Benjamin  Beddome.  Juhn  Ryland,  Sr., 
Benjamin  Francis,  IIui;h  Evans,  Mor^'an  Eihvards 
(afterwards  of  Philadelphia),  Dr.  Ash,  and  Dr. 
Llewellyn.  Hugh  Evans  succeeded  Mr.  Foskett, 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Dr.  Caleb  Evans. 
Under  their  direction  the  interests  of  the  college 
flourished,  and  in  1770  the  Bristol  Education  So- 
ciety was  formed  "  for  the  enlargement  of  the 
number  of  students  in  this  seminary,  and  its  more 
efl"ectual  and  permanent  support.''  Among  the 
students  admitted  to  the  college  during  Dr.  Evans's 
presidency  were  John  Rippon.  John  Sutcliff,  Robert 
Hall.  Samuel  Pearce,  Joseph  Hughes,  the  fuunder 
of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  William 
Steadraan.  Joseph  Kinghorn.  John  Foster,  and 
William  Staughton.  afterwards  of  Philadelphia. 
In  1785,  Robert  Hall  became  one  of  the  tutors  in 
the  institution,  and  as  assistant  minister  at  Broad- 
mead gave  brilliant  promise  of  the  oratorical  fame 
which  in  subsequent  years  he  attained.  On  Dr. 
Evans's  death.  Dr.  John  Ryland,  of  Northampton, 
accepted  the  presidency,  and  continued  his  official 
service  thirty-two  years,  until  his  death,  in  1825. 
The  present  edifice  in  Stokes  Croft,  Bristol,  was 
built  in  1811.  Dr.  Ryland  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  T.  S.  Crisp,  who  for  several  years  had  filled 
the  classical  professorship  and  served  the  Broad- 
mead church  as  assistant  minister.  Mr.  Crisp  held 
the  office  until  his  death,  in  1868,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  present  distinguished  president,  Dr. 
F.  W.  Gotch,  who  had  been  Mr.  Crisp's  colleague 
since  1846,  and  also  a  former  student  of  the  institu- 
tion. Under  Dr.  Gotch  Bristol  College  maintains 
its  ancient  reputation,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  of 
the  churches.  During  its  continuous  history  from 
1720  to  the  present  time  about  600  students  have 
been  registered  on  its  roll,  several  of  whom  have 
become  presidents  and  professors  in  Baptist  colleges. 
Between  forty  and  fifty  missionaries  of  the  Baptist 
Missionary  Society  received  their  education  at  Bris- 
tol, among  whom  were  Dr.  Marshman,  Dr.  Yates, 
John  Mack,  Thomas  Burchell,  and  C.  B.  Lewis. 
Bristol  College  possesses  a  remarkably  valuable 
library,  and  a  choice  collection  of  rare  and  antique 


articles  of  various  kinds,  the  munificent  bequest  of 
Dr.  Andrew  Gilford.  The  library  contains  a  manu- 
script copy  of  AVyclifi''s  translation  of  the  Epistles, 
the  Acts,  and  the  Apocalypse,  and  another  of  a  Wyc- 
liffite  version  of  Matthew  and  the  Acts,  which  be- 
longed to  the  celebrated  Lord  Cobham,  the  Lollard 
loader;  the  copy  of  the  great  charter  of  Edward 
I.  which  Blackstone  used  in  preparing  his  Com- 
mentaries ;  a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  "  Paradise 
Lost,"  supposed  to  have  been  Milton's  own  copy; 
a  Concordance  published  in  1673,  with  the  auto- 
graph of  John  Biinyan.  In  English  Bibles  and 
Testaments  the  library  is  very  rich,  the  most  val- 
uable book  in  the  collection  being  a  copy  of  the  first 
edition  of  Tyndale's  New  Testament,  of  which  no 
other  complete  copy  is  known  to  exist.  It  is  literally 
the  FIRST  English  Testament,  and  as  such  it  is  justly 
styled  the  most  interesting  book  in  the  language. 
There  are  no  less  than  thirty-five  different  editions 
of  English  Bibles  and  Testaments  published  during 
the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII.  and  Edward  VI.,  in- 
cluding the  rare  and  valuable  first  and  second  edi- 
tions of  Coverdale's  fcilio  Bilile.  Of  early  printed 
books,  there  are  three  from  Caxton's  press  in 
1481-82,  the  first  books  printed  in  England  ;  the 
second,  third,  and  fifth  editions  of  Erasmus's  Greek 
Testament;  the  "Nuremberg  Chronicle,"  149.3; 
and  a  book  called  "  Roberti  Sermones,"  printed  in 
1475.  The  walls  of  the  library  and  museum  are 
adorned  with  a  large  collection  of  portraits,  both 
paintings  and  prints,  of  notable  persons,  for  the 
most  part  identified  with  the  denomination.  An 
exquisitely  finished  miniature  of  Cromwell,  one  of 
the  few  authentic  likenesses  of  the  great  hero,  is 
the  chief  treasure  in  the  museum,  which  is  crowded 
with  objects  of  varied  interest  from  all  lands.  A 
bust  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gifibrd,  with  an  appropriate 
Latin  inscription,  is  placed  over  the  entrance  to  the 
museum. 

Brittain,  Rev.  Jabez  Mercer,  of  Georgia, 
youngest  child  of  Henry  and  Louisa  Brittain,  was 
born  May  4,  1842,  near  Lexington,  Oglethorpe 
County.  His  grandparents  came  into  Georgia 
from  Virginia  in  1797,  and  settled  in  Oglethorpe 
County.  His  father  was  a  soldier  under  Gen. 
Floyd  in  the  Indian  war  f»f  1814,  and  was  clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Ordinary  for  Oglethorpe  County  for 
many  years.  His  mother  was  a  meek  and  pious 
woman,  who  devoted  herself  assiduously  to  the 
training  of  her  children.  Mr.  Brittain  was  pre- 
pared for  college  by  Prof.  T.  B.  Moss,  a  distin- 
guished educator  in  Lexington,  Ga.,  and  entered 
Franklin  College,  now  the  L^niversity  of  Georgia, 
in  January.  1859,  graduating  in  1861.  Heenlisted 
in  the  Confederate  army  in  September,  1861,  and 
became  attached  to  Lawton's  brigade  in  Stonewall 
Jackson's  division.  After  taking  part  in  several 
engagements,  he  was  appointed  chaplain  to  the  38th 


BROADDUS 


137 


BROADDUS 


Georjria  Hegiraent  in  the  summer  of  1863.  lie  took 
nn  active  I'iirt  in  the  great  revival  which  occurred  in 
the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  hapti/.ed  many 
converts.  In  August,  1S6-1,  he  resigned  liis  com- 
mission on  account  of  a  severe  family  affliction,  and 
was  exempted  from  further  military  duty.  lie  re- 
turned liome  and  engaged  in  farming  for  three 
years,  after  which  lie  taught  in  the  institutions  of 
learning  at  Dalton,  Aeworth,  and  Conyers,  and  he 
is  now  principal  of  the  Connigton  Male  Institute. 
lie  has  also  continuously  engaged  in  pastoral  work 
for  Baptist  churches  in  AVhitfield,  Gordon,  Bartow, 
Rockdale,  and  Xewton  Counties,  and  he  has  filled 
acceptably  the  position  of  moderator  of  the  Stone 
Mountain  Association. 

Mr.  Brittain  was  converted  in  IS'jT.  and  the 
same  year  was  haptized  by  Dr.  P.  II.  Mell  and 
joined  the  Antioch  church,  Oglethorpe  County. 
He  was  ordained  in  the  fall  of  1863. 

The  frequent  descent  of  genuine  revivals  in  the 
churches  of  his  charge  proves  his  faithfulness  and 
excellence  as  a  minister:  while  the  constant  una- 
nimity with  which  he  has  been  called  by  his 
churches,  and  the  various  and  numerous  tokens  of 
affection  he  has  received  from  their  members,  show 
the  appreciation  in  which  his  services  are  held. 
Though  he  is  a  well-educated  man  and  a  thorough 
Christian  gentleman,  his  greatest  ambition  is  to 
excel  in  winning  and  training  souls  for  the  service 
of  Christ. 

Broaddus  Female  College.— This  institution 
was  established  in  Winchester,  Va.,  September, 
1871,  as  Winchester  Female  Institute,  Rev.  S.  F. 
Chapman,  Principal.  After  a  brief  service  Mr. 
Chapman  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  E.  J.  Willis. 
The  school  became  prosperous,  and  the  list  of  stu- 
dents increased  until  in  the  third  year  the  number 
reached  72. 

The  fourth  session  was  opened'  under  the  name 
of  Broaddus  Female  College,  in  honor  of  Rev. 
Wm.  F.  Broaddus.  D.D.  Two  other  denomina- 
tional schools  were  opened  in  the  town,  and  the 
money  crisis  occurring  at  the  same  time,  the  in- 
terests of  the  school  were  so  affected  that,  in  1876, 
it  was  moved  to  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.,  and  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition.  The  Baptists  of  the  State 
have  adopted  the  school  and  pledged  to  it  their 
support.  Rev.  E.  J.  Willis  continues  as  principal, 
and  is  assisted  by  seven  well-qualified  teachers. 
The  course  of  instruction  is  extensive,  furnishing 
opportunities  equal  to  tliose  of  anj'  school  for  young 
ladies  in  the  middle  Southern  States.  Nearly  all 
its  sessions  have  been  characterized  by  special  re- 
ligious interest  among  the  students,  many  of  whom 
have  prcifessed  faith  in  Christ. 

Broaddus,  Wm.  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Culpcper 
Co.,  Va.,  April  .30,  1801.  His  mind  developed 
rapidly,  and  he  soon  secured  and  held  a  prominent 
"lO 


position  among  his  associates.  He  married  at  the 
early  age  of  eighteen,  and  was  converted  at  the  age 
of  twenty.  In  April.  1824.  he  was  ordained  to  the 
work  of  the  gospel  ministry.  He  settled  in  Mid- 
dleburg,  Loudoun  Co.,  Va.,  where  he  conducted 
with  great  success  a  large  school  for  young  ladies, 
serving  at  the  same  time  as  pastor.  Mount  Salem, 
"  F.  T."  Bethel.  Upperville,  Long  Branch,  :ind 
Middlebury  churches.  In  this  field  he  labored 
most  successfully  for  sixteen  years,  serving  the 
churches  in  some  cases  without  compensation,  and 
in  others  for  merely  a  nominal  salary.  Antino- 
mianism  at  that  period  held  sway  over  this  entire 
region,  and  its  advocates  exerted  themselves  to  the 
utmost  to  render  futile  his  plain  gospel  teachings 
and  faithful  labors.  But  the  truth  gradually  won 
its  way,  until  a  complete  revolution  was  made  in 
the  views,  feelings,  and  actions  of  individuals  and 
churches,  so  that  no  more  exemplary  and  fruitful 
churches  can  be  found  than  those  in  the  region 
where  Dr.  Broaddus  began  his  ministerial  career. 
The  denomination  at  large  knows  but  little  of  what 
they  really  owe  to  him  for  having  been  the  means 
of  driving  out  a  "  dead  orthodoxy,"  and  planting 
in  its  stead  a  vital,  active  Christian  life.  In  1840 
he  removed  to  Lexington,' Ky.,  where  he  engaged 
in  teaching  and  preaching,  serving,  besides  other 
churches,  those  at  Versailles  and  Slielbyville. 
About  the  year  1851  he  returned  to  Virginia  am; 
accepted  an  agency  for  the  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C,  to  raise  an  endowment  fund  for 
that  institution.  In  this  he  was  quite  successful. 
In  1835  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  become  pasto)- 
of  the  church  in  Fredericksburg.  Va.,  where  he 
was  soon  instrumental  in  building  a  handsome 
church  edifice,  and  in  gathering  a  large  and  efficient 
congregation.  Still  retaining  his  strong  predilection 
for  teaching,  he  opened  here  a  school  of  a  high 
grade  for  young  ladies,  which  was  conducted  suc- 
cessfully for  several  years.  In  18.59  he  undertook 
an  agency  for  raising  money  in  A  irginia  towards 
the  endowment  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary.  Returning  to  Fredericksburg  on  the 
successful  accomplishment  of  this  agency,  he  re- 
sumed his  pastoral  labors,  and  continued  them  until 
1863.  when  the  city  was  occupied  by  U.  S.  troops 
and  the  inhabitants  scattered  over  the  State.  Dr. 
Broaddus  was  held  for  a  while  by  the  U.  S.  authori- 
ties as  prisoner  in  tlie  "Old  Capitol"'  at  Washing- 
ton, and  by  his  gentlemanly  bearing,  genial  humor, 
fund  of  anecdote,  and  straightforward,  manly  con- 
duct he  won  the  kindest  regards  of  all  who  came 
in  contact  with  him.  Many  a  lonely  hour  did  he 
lighten  up  in  the  old  prison-house  as  he  narrated, 
in  his  peculiarly  interesting  way,  to  friends  grouped 
around  him,  various  adventures  that  he  had  met 
with  in  the  diversified  course  of  his  eventful  life. 
Dr.  Broaddus,  soon   after  his  release,  removed  to 


BROAD  us 


138 


BROADUS 


Charlotteville,  Va.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
churcli  in  that  place,  which  position  he  held  until 
1868,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  to  Fredericks- 
burg to  prosecute  an  agency  under  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  General  Association  for  the  education 
of  the  children  of  deceased  and  disabled  Confed- 
erate soldiers.  This  labor  he  carried  on  with  great 
success  until  1872,  when  the  further  prosecution  of 
the  work  became  unnecessary.  Dr.  Broaddus  was 
enabled  by  his  persevering  efforts  to  keep  at  school 
for  several  years  some  tliousands  of  poor  children 
with  the  money  raised  for  that  purpose.  For  a 
brief  period  subsequent  to  this  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  work  of  a  voluntary  and  independent  evan- 
gelist, preaching  wherever  invited,  until  blindness 
and  increasing  bodily  infirmities  prevented  the  fur- 
ther prosecution  of  these  congenial  labors.  He 
died  in  Fredericksburg,  Sept.  8,  1876,  in  the  seventy- 
sixth  year  of  his  age.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  upon  Mr.  Broaddus  by  the  'lolumbian 
College  in  1854.  As  a  man.  Dr.  Broaddus  was 
genial,  gentle,  and  courteous.  His  constant  and 
varied  intercourse  with  all  classes  of  men  gave  him 
a  shrewd  insight  into  the  more  recondite  workings 
of  human  nature.  His  companionship  was  as  at- 
tractive to  the  young  as  it  was  to  the  middle-aged 
and  the  old.  His  home  was  open  to  all,  and  troops 
of  friends  have  rested  beneath  his  hospitable  roof. 
As  a  peace-maker  he  was  pre-eminent,  and  the 
blessings  of  many  a  household  rested  upon  him  for 
his  judicious  and  kindly  counsel.  To  every  good 
work  he  gave  his  voice  and  his  money,  and  fre- 
quently his  personal  labor,  so  that  many  now  rise 
up  to  call  him  blessed.  As  a  preacher,  he  was 
earnest,  persuasive,  practical.  Obliged  for  years  to 
combat  the  erroneous  views  of  those  who  abused 
the  doctrine  of  God's  sovereignty,  and  necessarily 
polemic  in  many  of  his  earlier  discourses,  he  never- 
theless held  tenaciously  to  the  fundamental  doc- 
trines of  grace,  while  he  urged  men  everywhere 
to  prove  their  new  spiritual  life  by  new  spiritual 
works.  A  very  large  number,  many  hundreds  per- 
haps, were  converted  through  his  instrumentality; 
and  as  a  consequence  no  name  in  the  long  list  of 
faithful  Virginia  raiuisters  is  more  earnestly  loved 
and  tenderly  revered  than  that  of  William  F. 
Broaddus. 

Broadus,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  born  in  Carolina 
Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  4,  1770.  His  love  of  letters  and 
his  studiousness  were  such  that  he  became  one  of 
the  most  thorough  Biblical  scholars  of  his  times. 
About  the  age  of  eighteen  he  experienced  a  change 
of  heart,  and,  although  strenuously  opposed  by  his 
father,  who  was  a  rigid  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
Church,  he  was  baptized  May  28,  1789,  ami  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Upper 
King  and  Queen,  then  under  the  care  of  the  Rev. 
Theodoric  Noel.     The  duty  of  preparing  himself 


to  preach  the  gospel  at  once  pressed  itself  upon 
his  attention,  and  having  been  convinced  that  it 
was  Ills  duty  to  do  so,  he  preached  his  first  sermon 
at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Lowrie,  where,  upon  this,  the 
first  occasion.  Rev.  R.  B.  Seniple  also  preached. 
From  the  very  beginning  Mr.  Broadus  was  popular 
as  a  preacher.  He  was  ordained  Oct.  16,  1791,  in 
the  church  in  which  he  was  baptized.  Among  the 
first  churches  he  served  were  Burrus's  and  Bethel, 
in  the  county  of  Carolina,  and  also  the  church  in 
Fredericksburg.  While  supplying  these  churches 
he  also  taught  a  .school,  and  applied  himself  closely 
to  study.  Subsequently  he  became  pastor  of  Upper 
Zion,  Beulah,  Mangohic,  Salem,  and  Upper  King 
and  Queen,  with  the  last  two  of  which  he  con- 
tinued to  labor  until  the  close  of  his  life.  Although 
Mr.  Broadus  was  known  but  to  few  personally  be- 
yond the  limits  of  his  own  State,  yet,  when  in  the 
prime  of  life,  he  received  invitations  to  become  the 
pastor  of  numerous  churches  in  distant  cities :  from 
the  First  church  in  Boston,  in  1811  ;  from  the  First 
church  in  Philadelphia,  in  1811  ;  from  the  First 
church  in  Baltimore,  in  1819;  from  the  New 
Market  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  in  1819;  from 
the  Sansom  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  in  1824; 
and  from  the  First  church,  New  York,  in  1832. 
An  ineradicable  constitutional  timidity,  which 
sometimes  made  him  almost  powerless  in  speech 
when  in  the  presence  of  strangers,  and  a  deeply- 
rooted  attachment  to  old  friends  and  old  scenes, 
prevented  his  acceptance  of  all  such  tempting 
offers.  He  made  the  trial  once  in  removing  to 
Richmond  to  take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  but  his  stay  there  was  shoi-t, 
and  he  soon  returned  to  labor  again  with  his  coun- 
try congregations.  As  a  preacher.  Mr.  Broadus 
was  the  foremost  man  of  his  generation.  "  In 
clearness  of  conception,  beauty  of  imagery,  apt- 
ness of  illustration,  and  tenderness  of  soul  he  was 
pre-eminent.  With  a  well-proportioned  form,  grace- 
ful manner,  natural  gesticulation,  benignant  coun- 
tenance, and  musical  voice,  he  held,  as  by  a  pleasing 
spell,  his  enraptured  hearers.  All  hung  upon  his 
lips,  unwilling  to  lose  a  word,  while  with  softly 
insinuating  power  he  found  access  to  the  innermost 
depths  of  the  soul,  causing  all  its  fountains  of 
emotions  to  gush  forth."  His  chief  excellence 
consisted  in  the  exposition  of  the  Scriptures,  and 
especially  those  passages  suited  to  edify  and  com- 
fort the  people  of  God.  Contrary  to  what  many 
suppose  to  have  been  the  case,  his  most  effective 
sermons  were  not  preached  on  great  occasions. 
His  love  of  quiet,  and  inveterate  dislike  of  large 
atid  promiscuous  assemblies,  generally  kept  him 
away  from  Associations  and  conventions;  and  when 
present  and  persuaded  to  preach,  there  was  no  cer- 
tainty that  he  would  be  alile  to  fulfill  his  appoint- 
ment.    It  is   recorded    of  him   that  having  been 


BROADUS 


139 


BROADUS 


appointed  to  preach  at  a.  meetini;  of  the  Dover 
Association  in  Mattliews  Co.,  Va.,  he  went  through 
the  preliminary  services  in  liis  usual  felicitous 
manner,  and  when  the  large  audience  had  settled 
themselves  to  enjoy  a  spiritual  feast,  he  came  to 
a  sudden  pause  and  said,  "  The  circumstances  of 
the  case — I  mean  my  case — make  it  necessary  to 
excuse  myself  from  proceeding  with  the  discus- 
sion." Ilis  biographer  adds,  "  The  thought  had 
prohalily  seized  him  that  the  expectations  of  the 
people  could  not  l)e  met ;  or  ho  had  recognized  in 
the  congregation  some  one  whose  criticism  he 
dreaded ;  or  the  wind  and  roar  of  the  ocean  had 
disturbed  his  nervous  system  ;  whatever  it  was,  a 
serious  surpri.se  and  regret  were  felt  by  all."  This 
painful  dread  oS  a  crowd  was,  however,  in  a 
measure  overcome  towards  the  latter  part  of  his 
life.  Mr.  Broadus's  literary  labors  were  also  of 
a  high  order.  He  wrote  a  small  volume,  of  some 
70  pages,  entitled  "  The  Age  of  Reason  and  Reve- 
lation," which  was  a  reply  to  Paine's  celebrated 
attack  on  Christianity.  This  little  work  was  pub- 
lished in  1795,  while  he  was  still  quite  young,  and 
gives  evidence  of  a  well-stored  mind  and  vigorous 
logical  powers.  In  1816  he  published  "  A  Bible 
History,  with  Occasional  Notes,  to  Explain  and 
Illustrate  Difficult  Passages."  These  "  notes"  are, 
indeed,  valuable  for  the  clear  and  satisfactory  views 
they  open  up  of  many  of  the  dark  passages  of  the 
Word  of  Gild.  The  Dover  Association  requested 
him,  at  one  of  their  sessions,  to  prepare  a  com- 
mentary upon  tlie  Scriptures,  which,  however,  he 
did  not  undertake.  He  prepared  an  admirable 
little  "Catechism  for  Children,"  which  was  issued 
by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  He 
also  prepared  a  manual  of  church  polity  and  disci- 
pline, lie  did  much  for  the  hymnology  of  the 
churches.  As  early  as  1790  he  prepared  and  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  "  Sacred  Ballads,"  most  of 
which  were  in  popular  use  at  that  time.  About 
1828  he  prepared  the  '•  Dover  Selection,"  and  after- 
wards the  "  Virginia  Selection,"  several  of  whose 
hymns  were  of  his  own  composition,  and  all  of  which 
were  very  extensively  used  by  the  churches.  Only 
a  few  of  Mr.  Broadus's  sermons  have  been  pub- 
lished, for,  although  he  prepared  his  sermons  with 
the  greatest  care,  making  more  or  less  extended 
notes,  he  rarely  wrote  out  his  discourses.  Mr. 
Broadus  was  also  a  frequent  contributcu-  to  the 
Religions  Hirrald,  for  which  he  wrote  a  valuable 
series  of  e.ssays  on  Campbellism  and  its  errors. 
The  Columbian  College  conferred  the  degree  of 
D.D.  upon  Mr.  Broadus,  but  he  respectfully  de- 
clined to  accept  the  luinor. 

"The  Baptists  of  Virginia  will  long  cherish  the 
fond  memory  of  the  excellence  of  his  character, 
the  superior  mental  and  oratorical  powers  with 
which  he  was  endowed,  and  the  genial,  useful  in- 


fluence   he    exercised    on   the    churches    and   the 
world." 

Broadus,  John  Albert,  L.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor 
of  llomiletics  and  liiteri)ietaticm  of  the  New  Tes- 


JOHN    .M.BERT    BROAniS,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

tament  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Sem- 
inary, was  born  in  Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  24, 
1827.  His  family  is  of  Welsh  extraction,  and  the 
name  was  formerly  spelt  Broadhurst.  His  father 
was  a  ]irominent  member  of  the  Virginia  Legis- 
lature a  number  of  years.  Dr.  Broadus  was  edu- 
cated at  the  University  of  Virginia,  where  he  took 
the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1S.',0.  In  1851  he  was 
elected  Assistant  Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in 
that  institution,  and  filled  the  place  two  years.  He 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Charlottesville 
during  the  same  ]ieriod  and  till  1n55,  when  he  was 
elected  chaplain  of  the  university,  and  served  two 
years.  He  then  returned  to  his  former  pastorate. 
In  1859  he  was  elected  to  his  present  professorship. 
In  1863  he  preached  as  missionary  in  Gen.  R.  E. 
Lee's  army.  From  this  period  till  1865  he  was 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Sunday-School  l>oard 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  During  this 
period  he  published  various  small  works,  which 
were  circulated  in  such  of  the  Southern  States  as 
were  accessible  at  that  time.  In  1870  lie  published 
a  book  on  the  "  Preparation  and  Delivery  of  Ser- 
mons," which  was  republished  in  England,  and 
has  l)een  adopted  as  a  text-book  in  various  theolog- 
ical seminaries  of  iliffereiit  ilenominations  in  Europe 
and  America.  Besides  various  review  artii-les, 
sermons,  and  numberless  newspaper  articles,  he 
published  in  1867-69,  in  the  Religious  Herald,  of 


BROCK 


140 


BRUCKETT 


Riuhinond,  \n.,  a  series  of  papers  criticising  the 
Aiiierican  Bil)le  Union's  version  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, and  in  lS7;i-73  anotlier  series  entitled  '"  Re- 
flections of  Travel,''  in  wliicli  he  gave  an  account 
of  a  tour  lie  made  through  Europe,  Egypt,  and 
Palestine  in  187(1-71.  In  1876  he  published  a 
series  of  lectures  on  the  history  of  pi-eaching.  Dr. 
Brnadus  ranks  with  tlic  ablest  |ireaflicrs  of  his 
generation. 

Brock,  "William,  D.D.,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1807, 
at  lloiiiton,  in  Devonshire,  England.  On  his 
father's  side  he  was  descended  from  certain  Dutch 
refugees  of  the  same  name  who  had  settled  in  the 
neighborhood  some  time  in  the  sixteenth  century. 
William  Brock  was  only  four  years  old  when  his 
father  died.  As  the  only  free  scholar  in  the  en- 
dowed grammar  school  of  the  town  he  had  a  rough 
schooling,  and  but  for  the  native  vigor  of  body  and 
mind  the  hardships  of  this  early  period  of  his  life 
would  have  crushed  him.  lie  was  apprenticed  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  to  a  watchmaker  at  .Sidmouth, 
and  served  an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years.  He 
obtained  a  situation  in  Hertford,  and  during  a  two 
years'  residence  there  ho  professed  Christ  in  bap- 
tism, and  began  to  exhort  sinners  to  repent  and 
believe  the  gospel.  He  was  admitted  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Ilighgate,  London,  of  which 
his  kinsman,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lewis,  was  ]iastor,  on 
Jan.  10,  1830,  and  in  tlie  following  month,  having 
given  satisfactory  proofs  of  a  divine  call  to  become 
a  preacher  of  the  Word,  he  was  recommended  to 
the  committee  of  Stepney  College  as  a  student  for 
the  ministry.  Ilis  energy  and  diligence  in  study 
were  conspicuous,  but  his  oratorical  powers  were 
so  evident  and  exceptional  that  his  services  were 
too  frequently  in  request  to  permit  of  his  giving 
undivided  attention  to  his  studies.  Before  the  sec- 
ond year  of  his  college  course  was  ended  he  had 
received  more  than  one  invitation  to  the  pastorate, 
and  in  the  cour.^e  of  the  third  year  the  pressure 
from  two  different  churches  became  so  strong  that 
the  college  authorities  finally  agreed  to  release  him 
from  the  remainder  of  the  four  years'  course  of 
study.  He  had  by  this  time  been  led  to  accept  the 
invitation  of  the  church  meeting  in  St.  Mary's 
chapel,  in  the  old  city  of  Norwich.  Dr.  Brock 
began  his  ministry  in  Norwich,  May  10,  183.3.  The 
congregation  were  soon  increased  by  the  attraction 
of  the  pulpit.  The  young  pastor  of  twenty-five 
years  of  age  threw  his  whole  soul  into  his  work  and 
gave  full  proof  of  his  ministry.  Enlargements  of 
the  edifice  took  place  again  and  again.  But  in 
1848  his  friend.  Sir  Morton  Peto,  proposed  that 
Mr.  Brock  should  become  the  minister  of  the  new 
church  to  be  gathered  in  the  edifice  he  was  then 
building  in  London,  to  be  called  Bloomsbury  chapel. 
After  long  and  anxious  deliberation  the  Norwich 
church  received  their  pastor's  resignation,  and  in 


December  he  commenced  his  London  ministry.  It 
was  a  great  venture,  but  it  was  a  great  success 
from  the  first.  The  miinifioent  liberality  of  the 
builder  of  the  edifice  and  the  courageous  ability  of 
the  minister  were  well  matched.  A  crowded  con- 
gregation was  immediately  gathered  ;  conversions 
and  accessions  from  various  quarters  continually 
augmented  the  membership  :  and  the  whole  neigli- 
borhood  felt  the  inlhienco  of  the  new  church,  which 
]ioiircd  forth  help  for  all  manner  of  benevolent  and 
educational  work.  Bloomsbury  chapel  became  the 
Qentre  of  a  Christian  evangelization  and  philan- 
thropy the  like  of  which  could  not  then  be  easily 
found  in  London.  But  notwithstanding  the  cost 
of  these  home  enterprises,  foreign  missions  and 
all  good  works  received  effective  sup])ort.  During 
the  twenty-five  years  of  Dr.  Brock's  ministry  at 
Bloomsbury,  as  previously  in  Norwich,  he  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  religious  movements  of  the 
time,  and  contributed  to  establish  some  of  the 
modes  of  evangelism  now  common,  such  as  special 
services  in  theatres  and  public  halls.  In  denomi- 
national work  he  was  a  trusted  counselor  and 
leader.  When  the  London  Baptist  Association  was 
reorganized,  in  1806,  he  was  unanimously  chosen 
president;  and  in  1869  he  was  cordially  invited  to 
the  chair  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  England  and 
Wales.  His  services  to  the  Missionary  Society  were 
exceedingly  valuable,  and  he  ever  held  himself 
ready  to  obey  its  call.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Society  for  augmenting  Pastors'  Incomes, 
promoting  it  himself  with  zealous  liberality,  and 
in  the  recent  movement  towards  a  eompacter  or- 
ganization of  the  denomination  his  influence  was 
very  effective.  His  literary  labors  were  consider- 
able for  ji  man  so  full  of  public  work.  His  biog- 
raphy of  Gen.  Sir  Henry  Ilavelock  had  a  very  ex- 
tensive sale,  and  some  of  his  occasional  sermons 
and  lectures  on  denominational  and  general  topics 
have  a  permanent  interest  and  value.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Harvard  University,  and 
although  he  w,as  reluctant  to  assume  it,  his  friends 
and  the  public  carried  the  point  against  him. 
Finding  his  strength  failing,  he  resigned  his  chai'ge 
in  1872,  and  thenceforward  gave  himself  to  the 
service  of  the  churches.  With  commendalde  liber- 
ality the  church  at  Bloomsbury  made  provision  for 
his  remaining  days,  but  they  were  destined  to  lie 
few.  His  death  occurred  somewhat  suddenly  on 
Nov.  13,  187.5. 

Brockett,  Linus  Pierpont,  A.M.,  M.D.,  a  son 
of  Kcv.  Pierpnnt  Brockett,  lor  fifty  years  a  Baptist 
minister  in  New  England,  was  born  in  Canton, 
Conn..  Oct.  16,  1820;  fitted  for  college  at  Hill's 
Academy,  Essex,  Conn.,  and  Connecticut  Literary 
Institutiim,  Suffield,  Conn. ;  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1837,  but  owing  to  ill  health  did  not 
graduate  ;  attended  medical  lectures  at  New  Haven, 


nIio^'So^^ 


141 


BRONSON 


Conn.,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  New  York  City; 
jiraduated  M.D.  in  IS43;  pviiotited  modicine  in 
New  England  and  in  Georgetown,  Ky.  Since 
1846  he  has  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  literary 
pursuits.  He  received  the  honorary  dcj;roe  of 
A.M.  from  Amherst  rollojxo  in  1S5T.  Tie  has 
pulilishcd  "Geographical  History  of  New  York," 
1S47  ;  "  Memoir  of  -laincs  Edward  Meystre,"  IS.Jo  ; 
"The  Pioneer  Preacher,"  1857;  several  reports 
and  essays  on  idiot  education,  1855-57  ;  "  History 
of  Education,"  18.50;  "History  of  the  Civil  War," 
1SC)5:  "Life  of  Ahraham  Lincoln,"  1865;  "Our 
Great  Captains,"  1805:  "Philanthropic  Results  of 
the  War,"  1865;  "Camp,  Rattle-Field,  and  Hospi- 
tal." 1866  ;  "  AVoman's  Work  in  the  Civil  War," 
1867;  "Men  of  Our  Day,"  1868,  and  .a  new  and 
enlarged  edition  in  1872:  "Woman,  her  Rights, 
AVrongs,  Privileges,  and  Responsibilities,"  1869; 
"The  Year  of  I{;ittles,  a  History  of  the  Franco- 
German  War,"  1871,  and  German  edition,  1872; 
"The  Silk  Industry  in  America,"  1876;  "The 
Cross  and  the  Crescent,"  1877,  etc.  He  has  also 
edited  numerous  religions  works,  and  was,  from 
1856  to  1862,  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New 
American  Cyclopnedia.  and  from  1861  to  1875, 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Annual  Cyclopajdia, 
anil  from  1872  to  1877.  one  of  the  editors  of  John- 
son's Universal  Cyclopredia.  He  has  ahso  been  a 
frequent  contributbr  to  religious  quarterlies,  maga- 
zines, and  weekly  periodicals.  He  is  the  author 
of  "The  Bogomils,"  the  early  Baptists  of  the 
East,  who  form,  as  he  believes,  the  missing  link 
between  the  Baptists  of  the  fifth  and  those  of  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries,  and  has  other 
religious  works  in  the  course  of  preparation.  His 
residence  is  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Bronson,  Rev.  Asa  Clarke,  son  of  Rev.  Asa 
and  M;u-inila  (-lennings)  Brouson,  was  born  in 
Stnitfield.  Conn.,  Aug.  7.  1822;  united  with  First 
Biiptist  church  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in  1835;  li- 
censed to  preach  in  1848  by  Wakefield  church, 
R.  1.  ;  ordained,  Deccmbei-,  1849,  in  South  Han- 
son, Mass.,  his  father  and  brothers,  S.  J.  .and  B.  F. 
Bronson.  assisting  ;  prosperc<l  in  his  settlement  ;  in 
May,  1851,  settlcil  with  North  Reading  church,  and 
had  an  extensive  revival  ;  in  December,  1854,  be- 
came pastor  at  Leominster;  in  .June,  1857,  took 
charge  of  Third  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  Conn., 
and  remaineil  twelve  years,  greatly  prospered  in 
revivals,  iind  in  uniting  Second  and  Third  churches, 
even  joining  togcthi'r  the  meeting-houses;  became 
jiastor  of  Wallingford  church  in  .Januai-y,  1870, 
erected  a  superb  edifice,  and  b.aptized  80  persons  ;  in 
■luly.  1876,  settled  in  Paterson,  N.-J..  sxnd  remained 
three  and  :i.  Inilf  years;  in  November,  1879,  took 
the  oversight  of  churches  in  Lebanon.  Conn.  Calm, 
wise,  energetic,  ])rudent.  persevering  ;  sound  in  the 
faith  like  his  hdmiri'd  father. 


Bronson,  Benjamin  Franklin,  D.D.,  son  of 
Rev.  Asa  and  .Marinda  (-Jennings)  Bronson,  was 
born  in  North  Salem,  N.  Y.,  April  21,  1821  ;  con- 
verted and  baptized  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in  1836; 
graduated  from  Madison  University  in  1844,  and 
Theological  Department  in  1846:  ordained  in  Ash- 
land, Mass.,  1846;  pastor  in  Methuen,  18.50;  in 
Woburn,  1858;  in  Boston  Highlands  (Ruggles 
Street  church),  1862;  in  Southbridge,  1807;  in 
Putnam,  Conn.,  1872,  where  he  is  still  laboring 
(1880)  ;  has  been  much  engaged  in  directing  com- 
mon and  high  schools ;  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
"  First  H.xlf  Century  of  Madison  University"  :  for 
several  years'  secretary  of  "  FreiMlman's  Aid  Cnm- 
mission"  ;  for  two  years  secretary  of  Massachusetts 
Baptist  Convention  ;  received  degree  of  D.I),  from 
M;idison  University  in  1869. 

Bronson,  Miles,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Norway, 
N.  Y., -July  20,  ISIJ;  having  passed  through  the 
course  of  study  at  the  Hamilton  Literary  anil  Theo- 
logical Institution,  he  was  orilained  at  Whitesbor- 
ough,  N.  Y.,  and  received  his  appointment  as  a 
missionary  April  29,  1836.  He  sailed  for  the  field 
of  his  labor  the  October  following,  and  reached 
S.adiya,  Assam,  -July  17,  1837,  where  he  remained 
until  his  removal  to  Jaipur,  May  13,  1838.  His 
interest  having  become  awakened  in  the  Nagas,  a 
tribe  of  people  occupying  the  high  ranges  of  moun- 
tains southeast  of  Jaipur,  he  visited  some  of  them 
in  -Tanu.ary,  1839,  and  in  1840  repeated  his  visit. 
In  March  of  this  year  a  station  was  established 
among  the  Naga  Hills,  which  was  placed  under  his 
charge  for  a  short  time,  when  it  was  deemed  de- 
sirable that  he  should  remove  to  Nowgong.  Dr. 
Bronson  occupied  this  position  for  several  years, 
one  of  the  most  important  works  accomplished 
being  the  founding  and  supervision  of  the  Now- 
gong Orphan  Institution,  of  which  a  fuller  ac- 
count may  be  found  in  the  article  on  Assam.  In 
1849,  Mr.  Bronson  returned  to  the  United  States, 
and  remained  here  for  more  than  a  year,  reaching 
his  field  of  labor  early  in  1851.  He  continued  to 
look  after  the  interests  of  the  Orphan  Institution, 
and,  in  his  missionary  tour,  to  qare  for  the  spiritual 
interests  of  the  natives.  His  labors  were  owned 
and  blest  of  God.  In  the  fall  of  1857  he  once  more 
visited  his  native  land,  and  earnestly  appealed  to 
his  brethren  to  cultivate  more  thoroughly  the  mis- 
sionary spirit,  and  give  the  men  and  the  means  to 
carry  on  the  work  aliroiid.  Returning  again  to 
Assam  in  I860,  Dr.  Bronson  resumed  his  work  at 
Nowgong,  and  carried  it  on  for  some  nine  years, 
when  he  made  another  .short  visit  to  this  country. 
In  July,  1874,  he  removed  to  Gowahati  to  take  the 
charge  of  that  important  station.  Although  sufier- 
ing  from  poor  health  for  the  past  few  years,  ho 
has  been  able  to  accomplish  much  in  his  station. 
Fortvone  vears  of  his  life  have  been  devoted  to  the 


BRONSON- 


142 


BROOKS 


cause  of  his  Master  ami   Lorl  as  a  missionary  of 
the  cross. 

Bronson,  Rev.  Samuel  Jennings,  son  of  Rev. 
Asa  Bronson,  was  born  in  Dunbury,  Conn.,  in  1819  ; 
converted  at  the  age  of  ten ;  baptized  in  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  at  eighteen  ;  graduated  from  Madison  Uni- 
versity in  1844,  and  Tiieulogical  Department  in 
1846;  ordained  in  Millbury,  Mass.,  Dec.  16,  1846; 
in  18.54  settled  at  Ilyannis,  Mass.,  and  remained 
thirteen  years;  in  1867  settled  in  Winchester, 
Mass.;  in  1870  returned  to  Millbury;  through 
failure  of  health,  resigned  and  traveled;  in  1S74 
settled  in  West  Woodstock,  Conn. ;  died  in  West 
Woodstock,  Conn.,  Jan.  10,  1879,  and  was  buried 
at  Fall  River,  Mass.  A  thoughtful,  edifying, 
preacher;  says  his  classmate.  Dr.  Graves,  "one 
of  the  best,  purest,  and  most  genial  men." 

Brooks,  Rev.  Durin  Pinkney,  a  ]>ioneer  Bap- 
tist and  preac-her  of  Oregon,  was  born  Oct.  8,  lS.''i2, 
in  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Mich.  ;  moved  to  Iowa  in  1838 ; 
tlience  to  Oregon  in  185U.  Baptized  in  1853  ;  he 
was  for  years  an  active  layman  :  and  in  1868  he 
enteri'd  the  ministry,  serving  the  Hepner,  Meadows, 
and  Pleasant  A'alley  churches ;  he  assisted  in  or- 
ganizing all  these  bodies.  lie  is  a  self-denying, 
devout,  and  earnest  preacher,  and  frequently  travels 
40  or  50  miles  to  preach  to  the  scattered  members 
of  these  feeble  churches  in  Oregon. 

Brooks,  Rev.  Ivison  L.,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  Nov.  2,  1793.  He  graduated  with  dis- 
tinction at  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  Here 
he  was  contemporary  with  Thos.  H.  Benton  and 
Jas.  K.  Polk.  With  the  latter  he  kept  up  a  cor- 
respondence during  life.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in 
the  war  of  1812.  He  was  baptized  after  retiring 
from  the  army,  and  at  once  began  to  preach.  His 
first  pastorate  was  in  Georgetown,  S.  C. 

He  finally  settled  in  Edgefield  Co.,  S.  C.  He 
devoted  himself  to  preaching  to  several  country 
churches  and  to  the  instruction  of  his  servants. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Butler,  one  of  our  most  useful  and 
respected  colored  ministers,  gratefully  remembers 
the  instructions  of  his  former  master. 

He  ceased  from  his  labors  on  the  14th  of  March, 
1865,  at  the  age  of  seventy-two. 

Brooks,  Kendall,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon  Kendall 
Brooks,  was  born  in  Roxbury  (now  Boston),  M;xss., 
Sept.  3,  1821.  He  became  a  member,  by  b.aptism, 
of  the  Dudley  Street  church,  Aug.  28,  1836. 
Having  fitted  for  college  at  the  public  Latin  school 
of  Roxbury,  he  entered  Brown  University  in  1837, 
and  graduated  in  1841.  For  the  next  two  j-ears 
he  was  tutor  in  the  Columbian  College,  D.  C,  and 
during  most  of  that  time  preached  to  the  E  Street 
church,  Washington.  He  finished  the  prescribed 
course  of  study  in  the  Newton  Theological  Insti- 
tution in  1845,  and  having  previously  accepted  a 
call  to  tiie  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  East- 


port.  Me.,  was  ordained  in  Roxbury,  Aug.  31,  1845. 
He  remained  in  the  pastoral  work  in  Eastport  seven 
years,  and  after  a  few  months  of  service  as  asso- 
ciate secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 


KENDALL    IlIidOKS,  D.n. 


Society,  he  Ijecame  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  Waterville  College.  During 
his  three  years  of  service  in  Waterville  he  was 
stated  supply  for  tlie  church  in  Bloomfield.  In 
October,  1855,  he  became  pastor  in  Fitchburg, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  till  May,  1865.  In  both 
Eastport  and  Fitchburg  he  was  oflicially  connected 
with  the  public  schools,  holding  the  office  of  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Education  of  tlie  State  of 
Maine  for  two  terms.  From  May,  l.'>65,  till  Octo- 
ber, 1868,  he  was  editor  of  the  National  Baptist. 
Oct.  1,  1868,  he  became  president  of  Kalamazoo 
College,  and  still  holds  that  office. 

In  1866  Brown  University  made  him  a  Doctor 
of  Divinity.  From  1877  to  1879  he  was  president  ■ 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  of  Michigan, 
having  previously  served  the  Convention  as  treas- 
urer seven  years.  In  1852,  President  M.  B.  An- 
derson, then  editor  of  the  New  Yoi-k  Recorder,  said 
of  him,  "No  man  among  us  is  better  acquainted 
with  Baptist  history  and  statistics  in  the  United 
States." 

Brooks,  Samuel,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon  Kendall 
Brooks,  was  born  in  Roxbury  (now  Boston),  Aug. 
30,  1831.  Having  fitted  for  college  at  the  Roxbury 
Latin  school,  he  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
the  class  of  1852.  He  had  received  baptism  at  the 
hands  of  Rev.  Dr.  T.  D.  Anderson  during  his 
Sopliomore  year.     The  first  year  after  graduating 


BROOKS 


143 


BROTIIKUTOX 


he  spent  as  assistant  in  tlie  college  library,  and 
subsequently  one  year  as  instructor  in  Greek.  He 
finished  the  course  of  theological  study  at  Newton 
in  1857,  and  immediately  became  pastor  of  the 
Second  church  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  being  ordained 
Oct.  22,  1S57.  In  September,  1860,  he  was  ap- 
pointed for  one  year  instructor  in  Hebrew  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  After  the  expi- 
ration of  the  year  he  was  acting  pastor  of  the 
church  in  South  Framingham,  Mass.,  for  three 
years.  But  his  health,  which  had  been  seriously 
impaired  while  he  was  a  student,  compelled  him 
to  take  a  protracted  rest  from  pastoral  work.  It 
was  not  till  the  autumn  of  180G  that  he  was  well 
enough  to  resume  his  duties,  and  then  he  took 
charge  of  the  church  in  West  Medway,  Mass. 
Three  years  later  he  was  chosen  Professor  of  Latin 
in  Kalamazoo  College,  and  he  began  the  work  of 
that  office  on  the  1st  of  January,  1870.  This 
chair  he  still  fills  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  every 
one  connected  with  the  college.  In  his  method  of 
work  he  is  quiet  and  persistent.  His  influence  is 
greatest  in  his  own  field  of  labor  and  in  the  church 
to  whii^h  he  lielongs. 

Brooks,  Walter  R.,  D.D.,  was  bom  Aug.  3, 
1821  ;  entered  the  class  of  1843,  Madison  Univer- 
sity ;  ordained  at  Ashville,  Chatauqua  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  5,  1842;  pastor  in  Media,  Perry,  and  Hamil- 
ton; in  this  last  place  for  fifteen  years.  Here  his 
ministry  was  greatly  bles.sed.  Large  accessions 
were  made  to  the  church.  His  congregations  were 
composed  not  only  of  residents  of  the  village, 
but  also  of  the  professors  and  students  of  the  uni- 
versity and  other  educational  institutions  in  the 
place;  to  all  of  whom  he  endeared  himself  by  his 
faithful  and  sympathetic  presentation  of  gospel 
truths. 

In  1859  was  made  secretary  of  the  Education 
Board  of  New  York  ;  in  1863  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Madison  University  ;  in  1868  visited 
Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine  with  his  family' ;  in 
1875  appointed  Lecturer  in  Natural  History  in 
Madison,  which  position  he  still  retains. 

Brooks,  W.  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Chatham 
Co.,  N.  C,  Dec.  6,  1809  ;  professed  faith  in  Christ 
in  1832;  was  ordained  at  the  session  of  the  Con- 
vention held  with  Rives  chapel  church  in  1836,  Dr. 
Wait  and  Rev.  Thomas  Crocker  constituting  the 
Presbytery;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1839,  and  for  many  years  was  tutor  and  professor 
in  that  institution.  Dr.  Brooks  was  pastor  of 
Mount  Vernon  Baptist  church  for  thirty-two  years  ; 
of  the  Henderson  church  for  twenty  j'ears ;  and 
has  served  churches  at  Forestville,  Seltna,  Bross- 
fields,  and  other  points.  For  many  years  Dr.  Brooks 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  presided  over  the  State  Con- 
vention during  several  sessions.     He  was  honored 


with  the  title  of  D.D.  by  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1874. 

Broome,  Gov.  J.  E.,  was  elected  governor  of 
the  State  of  Florida,  and  served  one  term.  Prior 
to  his  being  elected  governor  he  resided  at  Fernan- 
dina,  and  was  an  active  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  there,  and  one  of  its  most  liberal  support- 
ers.    He  was  also  one  of  its  deacons. 

Gov.  Broome  is  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  and 
for  a  few  years  past  has  lived  in  the  State  of  New 
Y'ork.  He  is  now  about  seventy-two  years  old,  and 
vigorous  for  one  of  his  years.  The  first  effort  to 
organize  a  Baptist  church  and  build  a  house  of 
worship  at  Tallahassee,  the  capital,  was  during  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Broome  as  governor. 

He  is  prepossessing  in  appearance  and  dignified 
in  bearing.  Though  a  man  of  decided  convictions 
and  fixed  principles,  for  which  he  wouhl  make  any 
sacrifice,  like  all  true  Baptists,  he  has  a  liberal 
spirit  towards  men  of  every  persuasion,  and  he 
gives  generously  to  benevolent  objects. 

Brotherton,  Hon.  Marshall,  was  born  in  Erie, 
Pa.,  Feb.  11,  1811,  and  w:is   brought   to   Missouri 


HON.    MARSH  M.l.    UKOTllKltTO.N. 

when  quite  young.  He  held  the  highest  offices  in 
the  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  in  the  county.  In  1845 
he  made  a  profession  of  religion  ;  afterwards  he 
united  with  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis. 
Mr.  Brotherton  was  a  man  of  benevolence,  integ- 
rity, and  modesty,  '•  his  heart  was  an  asylum  for 
the  sorrowing,  his  purse  a  treasury  for  the  needy," 
and  the  man  and  all  he  possessed,  (»  sacrifii'C  for 
Christ.  His  reputation  never  bore  a  stain,  he  en- 
joyed unusual  popularity,  and  he  deserved  the  love 


BROUNER 


144 


RROWN 


of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  especially  of  the  friends 
of  Chi-ist.      lie  died  in  1S71. 

Brouner,  Rev.  Jacob  H.,  was  horn  in  the  city 

of  Ni'W  YiirU,  Jail.  1,  IT'.ll.  In  the  fifteenth  year 
of  his  age  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  by  the  pastor,  Kov.  Wil- 
liam I'arkinson.  It  was  evident  to  the  members 
(if  the  church  tliat  the  lad  possessed  promising 
gifts  for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  received 
from  tlie  church,  while  yet  quite  young,  an  in- 
formal license  to  (ireach.  He  labored  with  his 
friend,  Rev.  ('.  (1.  Sonimers,  for  some  time  as  a 
missionary  among  the  destitute.  lie  was  ordained 
in  tlie  Tabernacle  church  by  Ilov.  Archibald 
Machiy,  D.D.,  and  others,  in  1812.  Ilis  first  pas- 
torate was  at  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.,  which  lasted  four- 
teen years.  In  1828  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  North  Baptist  church,  New  York,  which  ter- 
minated only  with  his  death,  after  twenty  years  of 
successful  labor.  During  the  time  a  commodious 
house  of  worship  was  buiit,  and  330  converts  were 
baptized.  His  son  for  the  fast  twelve  years  lias 
filled  tlie  same  post  witli  marked  success. 

Brouner,  Rev.  John  J.,  is  a  son  of  the  well- 
known  -Jacob  H.  Brouner,  so  long  tlic  pastor  of  the 
North  Baptist  church  of  New  York.  He  was  born 
in  New  York,  Sept.  2,  1839.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  John  tiuiiicy  Adams,  educated  at  Madison 
University,  and  in  1864  was  ordained  in  the  old 
North  church,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  Mariner's 
Harbor  church,  on  Staten  Island.  During  his  stay 
of  four  years  the  church  was  greatly  enlarged  and 
strengthened.  In  1869  he  was  called  to  his  father's 
old  field, — the  North  church, — and  he  has  suc- 
ceeded so  well  that  the  church  lias  resolved  to 
build  a  more  commodious  house  of  worship  in  a 
very  desirable  location  on  West  Eleventh  street. 

Brown,  Rev.  E.  T.,  was  born  March  22,  1818, 
in  Lancaster,  Pa.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
young.  lie  was  apprenticed  at  an  early  age  in 
Greensljurg,  Pa.  ;  there  he  was  converted,  and 
■  joined  the  only  church  in  the  place,  the  Methodist, 
but  ho  would  not  be  immersed  by  one  who  had  not 
been  himself  immersed.  He  was  baptized  by  a 
Baptist  minister.  Brother  Brown  joined  a  Baptist 
church  in  Virginia.  He  soon  after  entered  Recton 
College,  and  studied  till  ill  health  compelled  him 
to  cease.  While  at  this  school  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  in  1842  he  was  ordained.  Brother 
Brown  was  pastor  at  Mount  Vernon,  AVooster,  and 
Warren,  0.  Hundreds  were  baptized  by  him  in 
these  places.  lie  was  appointed  chaplain  in  I8G3 
in  the  2d  Ohio  Cav.alry.  After  the  war  he  moved 
to  Sedalia,  Mo.,  ami  was  a  missionary  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society.  He  built  a  good  house  of  wiu'sliip 
in  Sedalia,  and  one  of  the  best  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  in  Clinton,  Mo.,  and  another  substan- 
tial edifice  for  railroad  men  in  Sedalia,  and  when 


he  had  installed  a  pastor  over  the  last  church  of 
his  care  in  Sedalia  he  fell  dead  with  paralysis, 
June  9,  1879. 

The  memory  of  Mr.  Brown  is  precious  to  large 
numbers,  and  his  works  will  bless  him  for  genera- 
tions. 

Brown,  Rev.  Esek,  was  bom  in  Warren,  R.  I., 
Sept.  17,  1787;  baptized  by  llev.  Ebenezer  Burt  in 
Ilardwick,  Mass.,  in  1809  ;  licensed  by  the  Baptist 
church  in  Sutton,  Mass.,  Fcli.  20,  1814;  ordained 
pastor  of  the  churcli  in  Dudley,  Mass.,  June  l.*), 
1815;  commenced  his  labors  in  Lebanon,  Conn., 
Sept.  13,  1818;  here  remained  till  his  death; 
preached  with  power  before  the  Connecticut  Bap- 
tist State  Cimvention  in  1827  ;  often  preached  with 
acceptance  before  Associations ;  was  a  man  of  re- 
markable readiness  ;  modest  in  deportment,  untir- 
ing in  zeal,  "  devoted  to  the  salvation  of  the  world, 
few  ministers  have  gone  down  to  the  grave  carry- 
ing with  them  a  greater  amount  of  the  unalloyed 
afl'ections  of  a  bereaved  people  ;"  died  at  Lebanon, 
aft'^r  a  pastorate  of  fifteen  years,  Sept.  11,  1833. 

Brown,  Rev.  Freeman  G.,  was  born  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  January,  1813,  and  graduated  at 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  the  class 
of  1835.  He  entered  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion one  year  afterwards,  and  graduated  in  1839. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Portsmiiuth,  N.  II.,  Feb.  5,  1840,  and  remained 
there  for  three  years.  His  subsequent  pastorates 
were  at  North  Dorchester  and  West  Townsend, 
Mass.  He  was  the  agent  of  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  from  18.')3  to  1856.  He  was 
pastor  in  Hamilton,  Canada  West,  from  18(il  to 
1863.  He  now  resides  in  Cambridge,  having  no 
pastdral  charge. 

Brown,  Rev.  Gustavus,  a  colored  Baptist 
preacher,  was  born  in  Fau(iuier  Co.,  Va.,  in  1815. 
In  1828  he  was  brought  to  Kentucky.  He  experi- 
enced I'cligion  in  1832,  at  seventeen  years  of  age, 
and  was  bajitized  in  Clieaotairs  Pund,  St.  Louis,  by 
Elder  Jerry  Meachum,  the  first  colored  pastor  in 
Missouri.  Brother  Brown  was  licensed  t(i  jivcach 
in  1859,  and  ordained  by  Rev.  J.  M.  Peck.  D.D., 
ami  \)y.  S.  Lynd,  in  1846.  He  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Nineteenth  Street  Baptist  church 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  in  1849  ;  labored  six  years 
in  that  church,  and  four  in  the  Second  church  of 
'\Va8liington.  Came  again  to  St.  Louis  in  1859, 
and  still  preaches  there  ;  is  a  useful  and  good  man. 

Brown,  Rev.  Henry  A.,  was  born  in  Rock- 
ingham Co.,  N.  C,  Sept.  28,  1846;  baptized  in 
June,  1866;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1871  ;  was  ordained  at  Yanceyville.  August,  1S71, 
the  Presbytery  consisting  of  Revs.  W.  S.  Fontain, 
L.  G.  Mason,  F.  H.  Jones,  and  F.  M.  Judan.  Mr. 
Brown  has  served  the  church  in  Fayetteville  for 
three  years,  and  has  been  the  pastor  of  the  Winston 


BliOWN 


145 


BROWN 


cliuri'li  fill-  nourly  thrco  years.     A  good  pastor  and 
preiu:ln'i-. 

Brown,  Rev.  Hugh  Stowell,  pastor  of  the 
Myrtle  Street  Baptist  i-liiircli,  Liverpool,  En;;hind, 
is  the  son  of  a  clerjryinan  of  the  Churcli  of  England, 
and  was  born  at  Douglas,  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  on  Aug. 
10.  1S1!.'5.  AVhen  about  seventeen  years  old  he  was 
|ilaeed  in  the  engine-works  of  the  Xorthwestern 
Railway  at  Wolverton,  ami  remained  there  some 
three  years,  becoming  during  that  time  practically 
acquainted  with  the  manufacture  and  driving  of  lo- 
comotives. In  his  working  hours,  as  well  as  in  his 
leisure,  he  diligently  carried  on  his  studies  of  lan- 
guages, mathematics,  and  philosophy.  Returning 
home  when  about  twenty  years  of  age,  he  entered 
King  William  Col  lege  as  a  student,  with  a  view  to  the 
ministry  of  the  Established  Church,  and  attracted 
favorable  notice  by  his  ardor  and  diligence.  At 
this  time  the  principles  involved  in  the  church 
and  state  controversy  deeply  exercised  his  mind, 
and  in  his  perplexity  ho  hesitated  to  seek  ordina- 
tion. His  home  training  had  made  him  familiar 
with  religious  truth,  but  a  succession  of  severe 
family  bereavements,  including  tlie  death  of  his 
excellent  father,  had  a  powerful  and  chastening 
influence  upon  his  mind.  Ultimately  he  deter- 
mined to  join  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  he 
was  baptized  at  Stoney  .Stratford,  near  Wolverton, 
l)y  the  lii^v.  E.  L.  Forster,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  there,  with  whom  he  had  previously  be- 
come intimately  acquainted.  Very  soon  after  his 
baptism  he  accepted  an  engagement  in  town  mis- 
sion work  at  Liverpool,  and  whilst  in  this  service 
lu!  attracted  the  attention  of  the  Myrtle  Street 
church,  whose  venerable  pastor,  the  Rev.  James 
Lister,  needed  an  assistant.  About  the  close  of 
1847  he  received  an  invitation  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church,  being  then  in  his  twenty-fiflh  year. 
His  predecessor  was  a  man  of  much  ability  and 
strength  of  character,  and  had  ministered  to  the 
church  upwards  of  forty  years.  It  was,  therefore, 
no  easy  task  to  fill  his  place,  but  from  the  first 
Mr.  Brown's  ministry  was  successful.  In  1S47 
the  Myrtle  Street  church  reported  317  members  and 
554  Sunday-school  scholars.  In  1877  the  member- 
ship was  9011,  the  Sunday-school  scholars  1S')0.  and 
there  were  seven  missi(ni  stations  connected  with  the 
church.  Mr.  Brown's  Sunday  afternoon  lectures  to 
workinguien,  in  a  puljlic  hall,  won  for  him  the  ears 
and  hearts  of  thousands.  In  this  field  he  has  the 
honor  of  leading  {he  way.  Stirred  by  liis  signal 
success,  many  other  ministers  in  dilferent  parts  of 
the  country,  especially  in  the  large  cities,  gave 
themselves  to  the  wcirk.  and  the  work  lias  gone  on 
ever  since  with  gratifying  results.  Those  lectures 
are  widely  known,  large  editions  of  them  having 
been  printed  in  England  and  America.  For  plain, 
downright  speech    on    prevalent  social   evils   and 


common  sins  Mr.  Brown  can  hardly  he  surpassed. 
On  the  lecture  platform,  as  well  as  in  the  pulpit,  he 
is  equally  popular,  and  in  both  spheres  of  effort  he 
has  rendered  most  valuable  public  services.  In 
Liverpool,  where  he  has  ministered  for  more  than 
thirty  years,  he  occupies  a  leading  position  among 
public  men.  By  the  Baptists  of  the  United  King- 
dom he  is  regarded  with  affectionate  esteem  as  a 
tower  of  strength.  He  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
the  Baptist  Union  in  1878  by  unanimous  consent, 
and  has  frequently  been  called  to  prominent  ser- 
vice in  the  interests  of  the  body.  As  a  preacher 
he  excels  in  exposition,  and  his  utterances  have  a 
singular  freshness  and  point,  with  an  unconven- 
tionality  of  phraseology  which  is  very  striking. 
The  Myrtle  Street  church  under  his  leadership  has 
done  much  for  the  promotion  of  denominational 
principles  in  Liverpool  and  the  neighborhood,  be- 
sides raising  large  sums  of  money  annually  for 
foreign  missions  and  other  evangelistic  enterprises. 
Mr.  Brown  visited  the  United  States  and  Canada 
in  1872,  and  was  conlially  welcomed  everywhere. 
He  has  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  recent  move- 
ments looking  towards  a  unification  of  the  churches 
in  denominational  work.  His  preaching  is  richly 
evangelical,  and  has  been  attended  with  marked 
spiiritual  ]iower. 

Brown,  James  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Scotch 
Plains,  N. -J.,  July  4,  1819.  lie  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1841,  and 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  Dr.  Dagg.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  Gainesville  Baptist  church. 
Ala.,  and  in  1840  took  charge  of  the  Great  Valley 
church.  Pa.,  in  which  he  remained  eight  years, 
and  was  then  called  to  his  native  place  in  18.54, 
where  he  ministered  six  years.  The  First  church 
of  Bridgeton  had  his  valuable  services  for  about 
eight  years,  and  the  old  church  at  Piscataway  then 
was  under  his  charge  for  ten  years  and  a  half, 
when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  resign  in 
1878.  A  man  of  scholarly  attainments,  gentle 
spirit,  sound  theological  views,  large  sympathies, 
and  blessed  in  his  past  ministry,  it  is  hoped  that 
he  may  have  sufficient  health  to  resume  the  pas- 
torate. The  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  of 
whose  board  of  curators  ho  is  a  member,  and  of 
whicli  he  was  chancellor  for  several  years,  con- 
ferred ujion  him  the  Doctorate  of  Divinity  in 
180:!. 

Brown,  Jere. — It  is  regretted  that  the  writer 
failed  to  obtain  matter  out  of  which  to  make  a 
sketch  of  the  late  Deacon  Jere  Brown,  of  Sumter 
County,  Ala.  ;  a  man  of  great  wealth  before  the 
war,  a  princely  planter,  an  intelligent  and  cultivated 
gentleman  of  vast  influence,  and  liberal  with  his 
money.  At  one  time,  .some  twenty-five  years  ago, 
he  gave  $25,000  to  the  endowment  of  a  theological 
chair  in   Howard  College,  and  a  beneficiary  fund, 


BROWN 


140 


BROWN 


which  was  blessed  to  the  assistance  of  many  young 
ministers  in  securing  an  education.  Another 
Deacon  Brown,  a  near  rehitive  of  Jere  BrTiu,  in 
tlie  same  community,  tliough  not  so  wealtliy  {yet 
quite  wealthy),  was  a  man  of  equal  worth  and  in- 
fluence. 

Brown,  J.  Newton,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  in  June,  1803 ;  was  baptized  in 
Hudson,  N.  Y.,  in  1S17  ;  graduated  from  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  in  1S23 ;  ordained  in  Buffalo  in  1824  ;  pas- 
tor in  Maiden,  Mass.,  in  1827  ;  in  1829  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Exeter,  N.  H. ;  in  1838  Professor  of  The- 
ologv  and  Pastoral  Relations  in  the  New  Hampton 
Institution,  N.  H. ;  in  1845  pastor  of  the  church  of 
Lexington,  Va.  ;  in  1849  editorial  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  little  creed  so  commonly  adopted  in  newly 
organized  Baptist  churches,  and  known  as  "  The 
New  Hampshire  Confession."  Like  the  mild  Dr. 
Brown,  it  is  gently  Calvinistical.  He  edited  the 
"  Encyclopaedia  of  Religious  Knowledge,"  one  of 
the  valuable  works  of  modern  times. 

Dr.  Brown  had  poor  health  most  of  his  life,  but 
it  was  the  only  poor  thing  about  him  ;  he  had  great 
faith  ;  he  was  never  angry ;  he  loved  every  one  ;  he 
was  the  meekest  man  the  writer  ever  knew ;  he 
walked  very  closely  with  God.  He  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus  May  14,  1868,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

Brown,  Rev.  Joseph.,  was  bom  in  A^ickford, 
R.  I.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  the  farm  and  in 
one  of  the  woolen-mills  belonging  to  his  father. 
By  private  study  he  fitted  himself  for  the  Fresh- 
man class  at  Yale.  He  completed  the  course, 
graduating  with  special  honor  in  a  class  of  ninety. 
In  1844  he  returned  to  Yale  and  touk  his  second 
degree.  A  few  years  later  he  taught  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh Female  Seminary.  Under  the  auspices  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention  he  organized  a 
church  at  Gallipolis  and  was  then  ordained.  He 
spent  ten  years  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Springfield,  0.,  and  during  the  time 
completed  a  theological  course  in  Wittenberg  Col- 
lege of  the  same  city.  In  1860  he  became  pastor 
of  the  B.aptist  church  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  In 
1870  he  moved  to  Indianapolis,  and  soon  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  corresponding  secretary  for  the 
Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  served  for 
five  years,  when  failing  health  obliged  him  to  re- 
sign. He  was  a  truly  modest  man,  a  preacher  of 
decided  .ability,  and  a  faithful  servant  of  his  Mas- 
ter. His  illness  was  protracted.  He  expressed  a 
wish  that  he  might  die  on  Sunday.  The  Lord 
called  him  Sunday,  Aug.  11,  1878.  He  left  SIOOO 
to  the  Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention. 

Brown,  Hon.  Joseph  Emerson,  United  States 
Senator  and  ex-governor  of  Georgia,  and  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  and  distinguished  men  of  the  day, 
was  born  in  Pickens  District,  S.  C,  April  15,  1821. 


His  ancestors  emigrated  from  Ireland  in  1745  and 
settled  in  A'irginia,  afterwards  they  moved  to  South 
Carolina,  and  fmm  it  to  Georgia.  During  his  mi- 
nority, down  to  his  nineteenth  year,  Jos.  E.  Brown 


GOV.    JOSEl'H    E.    BROWN. 

lived  upon  a  farm.  In  1840  he  entered  Calhoun 
Academy,  in  Ander.son  District,  S.  C,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years.  He  then  engaged  in  teaching 
at  Canton,  Ga.,  reading  law  at  night,  till  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  in  August,  1845.  Afterwards 
he  spent  a  year  in  the  law  school  of  Yale  College, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1840  he  entered  regularly  upon 
the  legal  profession  at  Canton,  Ga.  He  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1849,  serving  two  years,  and 
in  1855  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  the  Blue  Ridge  Circuit.  He  was  elected  gov- 
ernor in  1857.  In  1859  he  was  unanimously  re- 
nominated for  governor,  and  was  re-elected.  In 
1861  he  was  again  renominated  for  governor,  and 
again  re-elected,  and  in  1864  the  people  for  the 
fourth  time  in  succession  called  him  to  the  guber- 
natorial chair.  As  governor  of  the  State  lie  espoused 
the  cause  of  secession,  and  sent  not  less  than  120,000 
men  to  the  field  from  Georgia. 

Subsequently  to  the  war  Gov.  Brown  "  accepted 
the  situation,"  acquiesced  in  the  reconstruction 
measures  of  Congress  as  a  necesjity  resulting  from 
the  war,  and  published  a  letter  advising  his  friends 
to  follow  the  same  course. 

In  1868  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Georgia  by  Gov.  Bullock  for 
twelve  years,  which  was  confirmed  by  the  State 
Senate ;  but  he  resigned  in  1870,  and  became  one 
of  the  lessees  for  twenty  years  of  the  AVestern  and 


BROWN 


147 


BROWN 


Atlantic  Railroad.  belonj;ing  to  the  State  of  Gcoriria. 
He  was  chosen  president  of  the  company,  which 
office  he  still  retains,  and  under  his  excellent  inan- 
a<;einent  the  road  pays  into  the  State  treasury 
$.3l)l),()00  per  annum,  besides  benefitinu;  the  com- 
pany, fiov.  Brown  is  also  president  of  the  Southern 
Railway  and  Steamship  As.sociation.  which  em- 
braces nearly  all  the  railroad  corporations  ea.st  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Ohio 
River.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  a  tru.steo  of 
the  State  University ;  has  been  president  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  Atlanta  ever  since  its  or- 
ganization ;  has  had  much  to  do  with  shapini;  the 
public  school  system  of  that  city;  and  during  the 
present  year  (IfSSO)  he  made  the  handsome  dona- 
tion of  .?50.0(XI  to  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  at  Louisville,  Ky.  In  the  summer  of 
1880  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Colquitt  to  fill  the 
unexpired  term  of  Senator  Gordon  in  the  U.  S. 
Senate,  where,  as  in  every  other  position  held  by 
him,  he  did  himself  credit,  and  gave  evidence  of 
that  large  mental  capacity  wliich  has  always  char- 
acterized him.  Gov.  Brown  has  ever  been  a  faith- 
ful and  active  Baptist  since  uniting  with  the  church 
when  he  was  a  young  man.  For  years  he  has  been 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Atlanta,  the  financial  manage- 
ment devolving  mainly  upon  him.  As  a  financier 
he  is  probably  unsurpassed,  and  he  is  now  very 
wealthy. 

lie  frequently  attends  the  public  convocations  of 
his  brethren,  and  he  is  always  received  witli  the 
highest  respect.  A  man  of  wonderful  firmness, 
sagacity,  power  of  will,  and  excellence  of  judg- 
ment, he  has  always  succeeded  in  his  undertakings. 
Almost  every  honor  a  State  can  bestow  upon  a 
favored  citizen  has  been  conferred  upon  him,  and 
he  exerts  an  influence  in  Georgia  wielded  by  no 
other  man. 

Brown,  Rev.  Joseph  Prentice,  son  of  Henry 
and  Lucy  (Prentice)  Brown,  was  born  in  AVaterford, 
Conn.,  Oct.  27,  1820 ;  a  cousin  of  Rev.  J.  Newton 
Brown,  D.D. ;  converted  at  the  age  of  seventeen  ; 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  of  Waterford, 
Conn.,  at  the  age  of  twenty ;  educated  at  East 
Greenwich  Academy,  11.  1.,  and  New  Hampton 
Theological  Institution,  N.  H. ;  ordained  in  Charles- 
town,  R.  I.,  January,  1847  ;  remained  two  years, 
blessed  in  toil ;  in  March,  1849,  settled  with  the 
Union  Baptist  church  in  Plainfield,  Conn.,  and  la- 
bored with  signal  success  for  twenty-two  years;  in 
1871  settled  with  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  New 
London,  and  served  about  six  years  ;  a  man  of  native 
strength  and  sound  judgment:  spiritual  and  earnest 
in  his  work;  both  pastor  and  evangelist;  baptized 
above  SOO  persons ;  a  member  of  the  State  Legis- 
lature, in  1SG5,  from  Plainfield;  served  on  Boards 
of  Education ;  more  than  twenty  years  on  the  Board 


of  the  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
once  its  president:  alwsiys  wise  in  council. 

Brown,  Nathan,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New  Ips- 
wich. N.  II.,  June  22,  1807.  lie  gradu:ited  at  Wil- 
liams College,  Mass.,  in  1827,  and  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  1830.  He  was  ordained 
at  Rutland,  Vt.,  April  15,  1831.  Having  been 
appointed  as  a  missionary,  he  sailed  from  this 
country  Dec.  22,  1832,  and  reached  Calcutta,  May 
5,  1833,  and  proceeded  at  once  to  take  charge  of 
a  mission  to  the  Shans.  He  commenced  his  work 
March,  1836,  in  Sadiya,  at  the  northeast  extremity 
of  Assam.  He  removed,  in  1839,  to  Jaipur,  and 
to  Sibsagor  in  1841.  While  here.  Dr.  Brown 
directed  his  special  attention  to  the  work  of  tnin.s- 
lation.  The  whole  New  Testament  in  Assaman 
was  printed  in  1848.  Year  after  year  new  and 
revised  editions  were  issued  from  the  press,  and  Dr. 
Brown  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  lie  had 
been  an  instrument  in  the  hands  of  God  of  giving 
the  knowledge  of  the  truth  "as  it  is  in  Jesus"  to 
millions  of  the  human  race.  In  18.-).i.  Dr.  Brown, 
after  twenty  years  of  faithful  service,  returned  to 
his  native  land.  Differences  of  opinion  as  to  mat- 
ters of  missionary  policy  having  come  between  Dr. 
Brown  and  the  Executive  Committee,  his  connec- 
tion with  the  Missionary  Union  was  dissolved  July 
26,  1859.  For  several  years  Dr.  Brown  was  engaged 
in  editorial  work  in  this  country,  and  in  advocating 
the  claims  of  the  Free  Mission  Society.  In  1872 
the  Union  unanimously  voted  to  take  charge  of  the 
Japan  mission  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mis- 
sion Society,  and  Dr.  Brown's  connection  with  tlie 
Union  was  restored,  and  he  was  sent  to  Japan.  He 
reached  Yokohama  in  February,  1873.  and  entered 
upon  his  missionary  work.  During  a  part  of  the 
five  years  past  he  has  given  his  special  attention 
to  the  work  of  the  translation  of  the  Bible  into 
the  Japanese  language.  In  the  report  of  1878  we 
find  that,  within  the  last  three  years,  over  1 ,000.000 
pages  of  Scripture,  including  the  first  three  gospels 
and  portions  of  theOld  Testament,  have  been  printed. 
When  the  whole  Bible,  faithfully  translated,  shall 
have  been  given  to  the  33,000.000  that  inhabit 
Japan,  Dr.  Brown  may  well  thank  God  for  the  part 
which  he  has  been  permitted  to  take  in  so  blessed 
an  undertaking. 

Brown,  Obadiah  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  July  20,  1779.  He  was  educated  a  Presby- 
terian, but  in  early  life  espoused  the  views  of  Bap- 
tists, lie  was"  engaged  in  teaching  for  several 
years,  and  about  the  age  of  twenty-four  was  bap- 
tized. Wishing  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry, 
he  studied  theology  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Van  Horn,  of  Scotch  Plains.  After  his  ordination 
he  preached  for  a  short  time  at  Salem,  N.  J.,  and 
removing  thence  to  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1807, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 


BROWN 


148 


BROWN 


that  city,  in  which  rehition  he  eontinuoil  for  up- 
wards of  forty  years  (ISoO),  until  growing  physical 
infirmities  prevented  his  officiating  longer.  He 
was  chosen  repeatedly  chaplain  to  Congress.  Dr. 
Brown  took  a  deep  interest  in  education,  and  was 
for  a  long  time  a  most  efficient  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  tlie  Columbian  College.  He 
was  greatly  interested  also  in  missions,  and  in  con- 
nection with  Rice  and  others  promoted  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Baptist  General  Convention  for  mis- 
sionary purposes.  His  pulpit  effijrts  were  marlced 
by  an  unusual  vigor  of  mind,  and  sometimes  by 
great  power  and  effectiveness.  He  died  May  2, 
1S52. 

Brown,  Gen.  P.  P.,  was  born  in  Madison  Vo., 
X.  Y.,  Oct.  s,  1823.  He  was  converted  at  eight 
years  of  age.  After  teaching  in  various  places  he 
removed  to  Alton,  111.,  and  became  principal  of  the 
Preparatory  Department  of  Shurtlefi"  College.  In 
1862  he  organized  the  1.57th  Regiment  of  N.  Y. 
Vols.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  be  a  brigadiei'- 
general  for  gallant  service ;  he  was  commended  for 
his  bravery  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  At 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  guarded  a  battery  in 
a  very  hazardous  position.  With  honor  he  closed 
his  military  career. 

Gen.  Brown  has  since  the  war  resided  in  St. 
Louis,  and  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  that  city. 

Brown,  Rev.  Simeon,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington.  Conn.,  Jan.  31,  1722;  a  man  of  native 
talents:  belonged  to  the  standing  order;  was  con- 
verted under  \VhiteKeld's  preaching  about  174.>; 
joined  the  New  Lights;  united  with  Rev.  Stejihen 
Babcock  in  forming  the  Baptist  church  in  Westerly 
in  1750,  and  was  deacon;  opened  his  house  in 
North  Stonington  to  the  famous  Council  of  May 
29.  1754;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Wait  Palmer  in 
1764;  in  March,  1705,  organized  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  in  North  Stonington,  and  was  ordained 
pastor;  was  associated  in  the  ministry  with  breth- 
ren Babcock,  Morse,  Palmer,  Darrow,  Lee,  Wight- 
man,  Silas  Burrows,  Backus,  West,  and  Asa  Wil- 
cox ;  remained  pastor  of  the  church  fifty  years: 
was  assisted  by  Rev.  Asliur  Miner;  a  strong,  jinre, 
earnest  man:  died  Nov.  24.  1815,  in  his  ninetv- 
fourtli  year,  leaving  a  shining  record. 

Brown,  T.  Edwin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  Sept.  26,  1841,  and  w.as  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  city,  graduating  at  Co- 
lumbian College  in  1801  with  the  highest  honors 
of  his  class.  lie  was  immediately  appointed  tutor 
of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  college,  which  position 
he  filled  with  great  acceptance  for  two  years.  But 
feeling  moved  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  T;\bernacle  Baptist  church  in  Brook- 
Ij'n,  where  he  was  ordained  pastor  in  November, 
1862.    This  relation  continued  for  seven  years,  dur- 


ing which  time  he  greatly  endeared  himself  to  his 
people  by  his  arduous  labors,  his  excellent  spirit, 
and  his  superior  talents  as  a  preacher.  He  also 
steadily  gained  in  reputation  and  influence  in  New 
York  and  Brooklyn.  His  scholarly  habits  and 
polished  manners  qualified  him  for  any  circle  of 
society,  and  it  was  with  deep  regret  the  people  of 
Brooklyn  parted  with  him  when,  in  November. 
1S69,  he  accepted  the  c:ill  of  the  Second  church 
of  Rochester.  During  his  pastorate  at  Rochester 
Mr.  Brown  has  developed  rare  powers  as  a  preacher 
and  student.  He  is  a  young  man,  and  yet  minis- 
ters acceptably  to  one  of  the  most  cultivated  con- 
gregations in  the  State  of  New  York.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  the  year  1875. 

Brown,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  1,  1779.  He  was  converted  at  sixteen. 
Shortly  after  reaching  twenty-one  he  left  the  Pres- 
byterian for  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was 
educated  in  the  ac;ideniy  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of 
Lower  Dublin,  Pa.  In  1806  lie  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  Salem  Baptist  church,  N.  J.  In  1808  he 
took  charge  of  the  Scotch  Plains  church,  over  which 
he  presided  for  twenty  years,  and  in  which  the 
richest  blessings  of  heaven  rested  upon  his  efforts. 
lie  removed  to  the  Great  Valley  church.  Pa.,  in 
1828,  where  the  Lord  was  pleased  to  smile  upon 
his  labors.  The  church  was  greatly  prospered,  and 
the  pastor  was  tenderly  loved.  He  died  Jan.  17, 
1831.  He  was  a  good  man,  a  faithful  minister,  and 
a  Ii;L)ipy  Christian. 

Brown,  Rev.  William  L.,  was  born  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  Januai-y,  1813,  and  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1836.  lie  pur- 
sued a  two  years'  course  of  theological  study  at 
Newton.  He  was  ordained  Feb.  14,  1839.  His 
pastorates  have  lieen  with  the  churches  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich. ;  Bristol,  R.  I.  ;  West  Springfield, 
Westborough,  and  Watertown.  Mass.  ;  at  Mount 
Pleasant  and  Ottumwa,  Iowa ;  and  North  Reading, 
Mass.,  where  he  is  at  the  present  time  (1880)  in 
active  service. 

Brown,  Rev.  William  Martin,  a  prominent 

Ba]itist  minister,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co..  Va., 
Aug.  18,  1794.  He  came  to  Mercer  Co.,  Ky.,  in 
1S13,  and  two  years  afterwards  settled  in  Hart 
County  of  that  State.  He  united  with  Bacon 
Creek  church  in  1821,  and  five  years  afterwards 
became  its  pastor,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
thirty-two  years.  He  was  also  pastor  of  Knox's 
Creek  and  South  Fork  churches.  Under  his 
ministrv  two  of  these  churches  became  the 
largest  in  Lynn  Association.  Mr.  Brown  traveled 
and  preached  extensively  in  that  region  of  the 
State,  and  formed  several  churches.  He  died  June 
3,  1861.  Two  of  his  sons,  James  II.  and  D.  J.,  be- 
came useful  Baptist  preachers. 


liiiotrx 


149 


BROWN 


BROWX,   OF   PROVrUENCE,   THE   FAMILY   OF. 

Brown,  Rev.  Chad,  the  ancestor  of  the  distin- 
plli^sll(■(l  lJro«n  family  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  in 
Entrlaiid  alimit  HilO.  Hois  said  to  have  Iuhmi  "one 
of  that  little  (;om[iaiiy  who  flod  with  ltr)i:i'r  Williams 
from  the  persecution  of  the  then  eoloiiy  of  .Massachii- 
sett.s."  The  lot  which  was  assigned  to  him  in  the 
division  of  lands  which  was  made  in  Providence 
included  within  it  what  is  now  the  college  grounds 
of  Brown  University,  lie  seems  to  have  l)een  a 
man  of  importance  in  tlmse  early  times,  having 
been  chosen,  with  four  other  citizens,  to  draw  up  a 
plan  of  agreement  for  the  peace  and  government 
of  the  colony,  which  for  several  years  constituted 
the  only  acknowledged  government  of  the  town. 
Mr.  Brown  may  be  regarded  as  the  first  '"elder,'' 
or  regular  minister  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  the  church  founded  by  Roger  Williams. 
While  Mr.  Brown  was  the  minister  of  the  First 
church  in  Providence  there  arose  a  great  contro- 
versy, which  agitated  not  only  the  town,  but  the 
whole  colony.  It  was  with  reference  to  the  ''  laying 
on  of  hands,"  alluded  to  in  Ileb.  vi.  1,  2,  and  Mr. 
Brown  was  earnest  in  maintaining  the  obligatori- 
ness of  the  rite,  as  being  one  of  divine  authority. 
He  died  about  the  year  1665.  "His  death,"  says 
Dr.  Guild,  "was  regarded  by  the  colonists  as  a 
public  calamity,  for  he  had  been  the  successful 
arl/itrator  of  many  differences,  and  had  won  the 
not  unenviable  reputation  of  being  a  peace-maker.'' 
Roger  Williams  spoke  of  him,  after  his  death,  "as 
that  wise  and  godly  soul,  now  with  God."  He  was 
the  worthy  head  of  honored  descendants. 

Brown,  John,  the  oldest  son  of  Rev.  Chad 
Blown,  was  born  in  England  in  16.'50.  According 
to  l>r.  Guild.  "  he  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of 
influence  in  the  colony,  and  to  have  inherited  the 
character  and  spirit  of  his  father;  he  appears  to 
have  taken  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the 
colony,  and  to  have  occupied  positions  of  trust  and 
lioDor." 

Brown,  Rev.  James,  the  second  son  of  .John, 
was  born  ill  Providence  in  lliCi.").  He  was  associated 
for  a  time  with  the  Rev.  Pardon  Tillinghast  as  one 
of  the  pastors  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Provi- 
dence. He  is  spoken  of  as  an  example  of  piety 
and  meekness  worthy  of  admiration. 

Brown,  James,  the  second  son  of  the  Rev. 
.laiiics  15i-.iwii.  was  born  March  22,  169S:  he  de- 
voted himself  to  mercantile  pursuits,  and  his  efforts 
were  successful.  His  wife  was  a  lady  of  great 
wisdom,  and  gave  a  home  training  to  four  sons 
which  made  tJiem  the  most  distinguislied  men  in 
the  colony.  The  names  of  the  celebrated  "  four 
bnitlicrs"  were  Xirliolas,  .lo-ieph.  .John,  and  Moses. 

Brown,  Nicholas,  the  first  of  the  "  four  broth- 
ers," was  born  in  Providence,  -July  2^^.  1729.  He 
was  called  at  an  early  age  to  assume  grave  respon- 


sibilities in  consequence  of  the  death  of  his  father. 
With  a  decided  taste  for  a  business  life,  he  entered 
upon  his  career  as  a  merchant,  and  was  eminentlv 
successful.  Engrossed  in  business,  he  devoted  him- 
self to  his  chosen  calling  with  great  diligence,  and 
reaped  abundantly  the  reward  of  his  fidelity.  Like 
so  many  others  who  bore  his  name,  he  was  a  friend 
to  the  college  and  the  church  which  have  done  so 
much  for  the  Baptist  cause.  He  died  May  29,  1791. 
Ilis  religious  character  is  thus  described  by  Dr. 
Stillman  :  "  Religion  was  his  favorite  subject.  To 
Christianity  in  general  as  founded  on  a  fullness  of 
evidence,  and  tu  its  peculiar  doctrines,  he  was  firmly 
attached :  and  from  his  uniform  temper,  his  love 
for  the  gospel  and  for  pious  men,  together  with  his 
many  and  generous  exertions  to  promote  the  cause 
of  Christ,  we  may  safely  conclude  that  he  had  tasted 
that  the  Lord  is  gracious.  '  Therefore  we  sorrow 
not  as  those  who  have  no  hope."  He  was  a  Baptist 
from  principle.  Blessed  with  opulence,  he  was 
ready  to  distribute  to  public  and  to  private  uses. 
In  his  death  the  college  of  this  place,  this  church 
and  society,  the  town  of  Providence,  and  the  gen- 
eral interests  of  religion,  learning,  and  lilierality, 
have  lost  a  friend  indeed." 

Brown,  Joseph,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1".'J3;  he  was 
the  second  of  the  '"  four  brothers'  ;  he  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pui"suits.  He  had  scholarly  tastes, 
and  in  the  department  of  natural  sciences  he  was 
justly  regarded  as  occupying  a  high  place.  He 
sustained  an  intimate  connection  with  the  college  ; 
in  1784  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy,"  and  he  performed  the  duties  of  this  office 
without  financial  compensation.  For  many  years 
he  was  a  memlier  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  and 
contributed  largely  towards  the  erection  of  its  ele- 
gant edifice.  He  died  Dec.  3,  178.').  By  the  de- 
cease of  the  late  Mrs.  Elixa  B.  Rogers,  the  daughter 
of  Mary  Brown,  who  married  Dr.  Stephen  Gano, 
this  branch  of  the  Brown  family  became  extinct. 

Brown,  John,  the  tuird  of  the  distinguished 
"'  four  brothers  Brown,"'  of  Providence,  and  a 
lineal  descendant  of  Rev.  Chad  Brown,  the  first 
minister  of  the  venerable  First  Bajitist  church. 
Providence,  R,  1.,  was  born  in  that  town  ,Ian.  27, 
1736.  He  early  developed  a  decided  aptness  for 
business,  and  was  the  first  merchant  in  Providence 
who  carried  trade  to  China  and  the  East  Indies. 
The  interests  of  the  church,  with  which  so  many 
of  his  ancestors  had  been  connected,  were  especially 
fostered  liy  him.  To  his  generous  aid  and  his  far- 
seeing  wisdom  is  largely  due  the  erection  of  the 
splendid  house  of  worship  which  for  more  than  a 
century  has  been  the  place  of  meeting  for  the 
church.  Cndor  the  pastoral  care  of  President 
Manning,  of  Brown  University,  the  congregation 
grew  so  large  that  the  old  meoting-house  erected 
in  17"26  was  entirely  inadequate  to  meet  its  wants. 


BKOWN 


150 


BROWN 


The  following  resolution  was  passed  Feb.  11,  1774: 
'•  Resolved,  That  we  will  all  heai-tily  unite  as  one 
man,  in  all  lawful  ways  and  means,  to  promote  the 
good  of  this  society,  and  particularly  attend  to  the 
affair  of  building  a  meeting-house  for  the  public 
worship  of  Almighty  God,  and  also  for  holding 
commencements  in.  "  At  a  meeting  of  the  society, 
April  2.i,  1774,  the  following  resolution  was  passed  : 
"  That  Mr.  -John  Brown  be  the  committee-man  for 
carrying  on  the  building  of  the  new  meeting-house 
for  said  society.''  It  shows  how  much  confidence 
was  felt  in  Mr.  Brown  that  upon  him  should  be 
placed  the  chief  responsibility  of  carrying  out  the 
wishes  of  the  society.  The  meeting-house  so  justly 
admired  exhibited  the  niai'ks  of  his  good  taste. 
The  steeple  is  similar  to  that  of  St.  Martin's  in  the 
Fields  in  London,  a  church  of  faultless  propor- 
ti(ms,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Trafalgar  Square. 

Mr.  Brown  was  a  warm  patriot.  By  his  special 
orders  the  captains  of  his  ships  returning  to  this 
country  in  1775  were  directed  to  bring  munitions 
of  war,  especially  gunpowder,  as  freight,  and  he 
w.as  able  to  render  great  assistance  to  Gen.  Wash- 
ington's army  in  Boston.  lie  had  already  made 
himself  obnoxious  to  the  enemy  for  causing  the  de- 
struction, in  1772.  of  the  British  armed  schooner 
'■Gaspce.''  He  escaped,  however,  all  the  perils  of 
the  war,  and  was  able  to  serve  his  country  in  the 
councils  of  the  nation  as  he  had  in  the  arena  of 
public  strife.  He  was  sent  as  delegate  to  Congress 
in  17^>4  and  178.5.  In  1799  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber, and  served  two  years.    He  died  Sept.  20,  1S03. 

Brown,  Hoses,  was  the  youngest  of  the  "  four 
brothers.  "  He  was  born  Sept.  23,  1738.  By  his 
marriage  he  obtained  a  competent  fortune,  which, 
added  to  what  he  had  made  in  business,  in  partner- 
ship with  his  three  brothers,  enabled  him  to  retire 
to  the  more  quiet  life  which  suited  his  tastes.  Al- 
though brought  up  a  Baptist,  at  the  age  of  'hirty- 
five  he  joined  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  became 
one  of  the  most  liberal  supporters  of  all  the  insti- 
tutions of  that  body  of  Christians.  He  lived  to  the 
great  age  of  nearly  ninety-eight  years,  his  death 
taking  place  at:  Providence,  Sept.  6,  1836.  An 
excellent  portrait  of  Mr.  Brown  is  in  the  portrait- 
gallery  of  Brown  Univpr.«ity. 

Brown,  Hon.  Nicholas,  the  munificent  friend 
of  the  university  which  bears  his  honored  name,  was 
born  in  Providence.  R.  I..  April  4.  1769.  We  trace 
his  ancestry  "on  this  side  of  the  water''  back  to  Mr. 
Chad  Brown,  the  friend  and  sharer  of  the  sacrifices 
of  Roger  Williams  in  his  new  home.  In  the  sixth 
generation  from  Chad  Brown  we  find  the  family 
name  borne  by  four  brothers,  each  of  them  distin- 
guished in  the  annals  of  the  city.  The  name  of 
the  third  of  these  brothers  was  Nicholas,  and  this 
name  was  given  to  his  son,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.     Young  Brown,  at  the  early  age  of  four- 


teen, became  a  member  of  Rhode  Island  College, 
in  the  foundation  of  which  his  father  and  uncle  had 
taken  the  deepest  interest.  He  graduated  in  1786. 
Having  completed  his  college  course  of  study, 
Mr.  Brown  at  once  entered  the  counting-room  of 
his  father  to  prepare  himself  to  carry  on  the  busi- 
ness of  the  mercantile  house  which  he  represented. 
When  he  reached  the  age  of  twenty-two  his  father 
was  removed  by  death,  and  he  found  himself  pos- 
sessed of  what  in  those  days  was  a  large  patrimony. 
Taking  to  himself  as  a  partner  Mr.  Thomas  P. 
Ives,  who.se  tastes  were  congenial  with  his  own,  he 
entered  upon  that  long  career  of  (irdsperity  which 
made  the  firm  of  Bi-own  &  Ives  so  well  known  and 
so  highly  respected  in  almost  every  quarter  of  the 
world. 


HON'.    XK  nol.AS    BRilW.V. 

But  it  is  not  simply  as  a  merchant  laying  broad 
and  far-sighted  plans  for  amassing  wealth  that 
we  are  to  view  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  lie 
lived  in  times  when  society  had  passed  and  was 
passing  through  radical  changes.  As  an  intelligent, 
high-minded  man,  he  could  be  no  other  than  a  sin- 
cere patriot,  seeking  the  welfare  of  the  country, 
which  was  now  taking  its  place  as  an  independent 
nation  among  the  nations  of  the  earth.  He  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  politics  of  his  day,  and  for 
fourteen  years  was  for  most  of  the  time  a  member 
of  either  the  lower  or  the  upper  house  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  his  native  State. 

In  such  a  sketch  as  this  our  special  concern  with 
Mr.  Brown  is  in  the  character  of  a  man  of  simple 
pietv  and  a  large-hearted  benevolence.  Although, 
from  some  peculiar  views  which  he  cherished  on 


BROWN 


151 


BROWN 


the  subject  of  making  a  public  profession  of  his 
faith  in  Christ,  he  never  became  a  member  of  the 
church,  no  one  who  was  intimate  with  him  could 
hiive  any  doubt  that  he  was  a  sincere  Christian. 
Few  persons  read  more  devoutly  and  more  habitu- 
ally the  Word  of  God.  He  believed  in  the  public 
institutions  of  religion,  and  by  his  own  example 
and  generous  contributions  sustained  them.  Es- 
pecially attached  was  he  to  the  faith  of  his  fathers, 
•ind  the  church  where  for  so  many  generations  they 
had  worshiped.  lie  gave  to  it  what  in  those  days 
was  regarded  as  an  organ  of  great  value,  and  in  his 
last  will  he  left  to  it  the  sum  of  S3000.  Other 
churches,  not  only  in  Providence,  but  elsewhere, 
shared  in  his  bounty.  The  great  religious  organi- 
zations of  the  day  found  in  him  a  liberal  supporter. 
Ilis  benefactions  to  the  university  which  bears  his 
name  deserve  special  mention.  They  commenced 
four  years  after  his  graduation,  and  continued  until 
his  death.  His  first  generous  gift  was  a  valuable 
collection  of  law  books.  A  few  years  after  he  gave 
$.5000  to  Rhode  Island  College  towards  the  found.a- 
tion  of  a  professorship  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory. 
In  consequence  of  the  interest  shown  by  Mr.  Brown 
in  the  college  its  name  was  changed  to  Brown 
University.  At  his  own  charges,  he  caused  to  be 
erected  the  second  dormitory  of  the  university, 
known  as  "  Hope  College,"  which  cost  not  far  from 
$20,000.  By  this  gift  he  transmitted  to  posterity 
the  name  of  his  only  sister,  Mrs.  Hope  Ives.  In 
May,  1826,  he  gave  to  the  university  lands  the  es- 
timated value  of  which  was  S2l).000.  A  few  years 
after,  in  connection  with  his  brother-in-law,  Thomas 
P.  Ives,  Esq.,  a  valuable  philosophical  apparatus. 
He  started,  in  1832,  the  library  fund  of  ?i2o,(j00  with 
a  subscription  of  $10,01)0.  He  paid  all  the  bills 
incurred  in  the  erection  of  Planning  Hall,  amount- 
ing to  §18,500.  The  building  was  dedicated  Feb- 
ruary 4,  183."),  President  Wayland  delivering  on  the 
occasion  a  discourse  on  the  '•  Dependence  of  Science 
on  Religion,"  In  1839  he  gave  §10,000  to  the  cor- 
poration, $7000  of  the  sum  to  be  appropriated  to- 
wards the  erection  of  the  president's  house,  and 
S3000  towards  the  erection  of  a  third  college  build- 
ing, to  be  used  for  the  accommodation  of  the  de- 
partments of  Natural  Philosophy,  Cheuiistry,  Min- 
eralogy, and  Natural  History.  He  also  furnished 
three  valuable  lots  as  sites  of  these  buildings.  "The 
entire  sum  of  his  recorded  benefactions,  '  savs  Dr. 
Guild,  "amounts  to  $100,000,  assigning  to  tlie  do- 
nations of  lands  and  buildings  the  valuation  which 
was  put  upon  them  at  the  time  they  were  made." 
A  part  of  this  sum  was  realized  after  his  decease, 
when  the  corporation  of  the  university  came  into 
possession  of  certain  lots  of  land  valued  at  $42..50O, 
and  a  bequest  out  of  which  has  come  the  Nicholas 
Brown  scholarships,  eleven  in  number,  and  valued 
at  $12,0(X).     The  large  amount  thus  contributed  to 


the  university  made  him,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
the  most  generous  donor  to  the  cause  of  education  the 
country  had  produced.  If  he  ha.s  been  outstripped 
in  the  number  and  the  value  of  his  gifts  by  lovers 
of  good  learning  in  more  modern  times,  it  may  be 
doubted,  considering  how  changed  is  the  standard 
of  giving,  whether  he  does  not  still  occupy  the 
rank  which  he  has  held  among  the  warmest  friends 
of  liberal  culture  and  advanced  education. 

As  a  Baptist,  Mr.  Brown  did  not  confine  his 
bounty  to  the  universitj-  within  whose  walls  he 
received  his  education.  He  gave  to  Columbian 
College,  to  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and 
to  Waterville  College,  all  designed  to  promote  the 
better  training  of  young  men  in  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination. By  his  will,  .also,  he  left  something  to 
the  Northern  Baptist  Education,  and  to  the  Amer- 
ican and  Foreign  Bible  .Society. 

Mr.  Brown  took  an  active  jiart  in  founding  the 
Providence  "  Athenaeum,"  giving  to  it  the  valuable 
lot  on  which  the  library  building  stands,  S6000  to- 
wards the  erection  of  this  building,  and  $4000  to 
the  library  fund.  In  his  will,  moreover,  he  gave 
$•30,000  towards  the  erection  of  a  lunatic  hospital, 
now  known  as  the  '"  Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane." 
taking  its  name  from  Cyrus  Butler,  Esq.,  whose 
gift  of  $40,000  was  added  to  that  of  Mr,  Brown, 

Dr.  Guild,  as  has  already  been  stated,  places  the 
amount  of  his  "recorded  benefactions  at  $160,000." 
Other  sums,  given  in  other  directions  besides  those 
which  have  been  indicated,  swell  the  amount,  ac- 
cording to  the  estimate  of  Professor  fiammell,  to 
the  large  sum  of  $211, .500.  Thus  did  this  "steward 
of  the  Lord"  scatter  in  every  direction  the  po.sses- 
sions  which  a  kind  Providence  gave  to  him.  He 
earned  money  not  to  hoard  it,  not  to  expend  it  on 
personal  gratification,  but  to  do  good  with  it.  He 
'■  sowed  bountifully."  and  God  enabled  him  to 
"reap  bountifully."  No  finite  mind  can  measure 
the  blessed  influences  which  a  man  of  such  hirge 
and  generous  heart  sets  in  motion.  For  generation 
after  generation  they  widen  and  extend  in  a  thou- 
sand directions  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  benefit 
of  mankinil.  May  the  number  of  successful  Bap- 
tist merchants  like  Nicholas  Brown  be  increased 
an  hundredfold  ! 

Brown,  Hon.  John  Carter,  the  second  son  oi 
Nicliolas  Brown,  the  benefactor  of  the  university 
which  bears  his  name,  was  born  in  Providence, 
.\ug.  28,  1797.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Cniver- 
sity  in  the  class  of  1816.  Inheritini;  the  tastes  of 
his  ancestors  for  mercantile  pursuits,  he  entered 
the  counting-room  of  Brown  &  Ives,  his  father  and 
uncle,  and  in  due  time  became  a  member  of  the 
firm.  He  took  the  responsibilities  which  his  hon- 
ored father  had  so  long  borne  in  connection  with 
the  university  when  death  removed  tlsat  father  to 
his  reward.     As  a  member  of  its  corporation,  in 


BBOWX 


152 


JiRUIVN 


both  branches,  he  performed  excellent  service  for 
his  ahna  mater.  In  liis  gifts  to  the  university  he 
has  lieon  surpassed  l)y  no  one  but  his  father.  The 
value  of  these  gifts  was  not  far  from  !?15o,()l)U. 

Mr.  IJrown  was  a  great  lover  of  books,  and  in 
one  department  it  is  believed  that  no  library  in 
this  or  any  other  country  has  a  more  valuable  col- 
lection. We  refer  to  the  department  of  American 
history.  It  was  his  aim  to  secure  every  publica- 
tion relating  to  either  North  or  Si)uth  America  be- 
tween the  year  14'.t2  and  the  year  IWO.  "  This 
design,"'  says  Prof.  Gammell,  "  has  been  accom- 
plished, not  indeed  with  absolute  completeness,  but 
to  an  e.Ktent  which  must  awaken  the  admiratidn  of 
all  wlio  are  acquainted  with  the  vast  treasures  of 
his  collection.  It  contains  the  materials  for  illus- 
trating the  discovery  of  the  New  World,  and  the 
entire  history  of  its  development  and  progress  in 
all  its  divisions  to  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury." It  shows  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Brown's 
heart  that  he  placed  this  most  rare  and  magnificent 
collection  at  the  service  of  any  scholar  who  might 
wish  to  avail  himself  of  its  treasures,  and  to  that 
pleasant  library  where  the  writer  of  this  sketch 
has  spent  so  many  happy  hours  many  a  literary 
pilgrim  has  come  and  met  a  most  hearty  welcome. 

Although  possessed  of  large  wealth,  Mr.  Brown, 
like  his  father,  was  simple  in  his  tastes,  and 
shunned  notoriety  in  every  form.  He  lived  to  see 
the  fruits  of  his  benevolence  as  shown  to  the  uni- 
versity and  some  of  the  leading  charitable  institu- 
tions of  his  native  city.  lie  died  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  June  10,  1874.  Mr.  Brown  closes  our 
sketches  of  the  Brown  family  of  Providence. 

Brown  University. — This  institutiin,  like  so 
many  other  colleges  in  this  countr}',  owes  its 
origin  to  the  deep-seated  conviction  that  religion 
and  learning  should  unite  their  forces  to  elevate 
and  save  the  race.  The  Baptist  denomination 
needed  an  institution,  first  of  all,  for  the  fitting  of 
young  men  to  enter  the  Christian  ministry,  and 
also  to  prepare  others  to  engage  in  scientific  and 
literary  pursuits  honorably  for  themselves  and 
beneficially  for  the  community  in  which  they  were 
to  live.  The  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association  was 
formed  in  1707,  and  at  once  took  a  decided  stand 
in  favor  of  an  educated  ministry.  Many  years 
elapsed,  however,  before  a  definite  (ilan  was  formed 
to  establish  a  college  suited  to  the  wants  of  the  de- 
nomination. The  founding  of  such  an  institution 
in  Rhode  Island  was  the  project  of  Rev.' Morgan 
Edwards,  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Philadelphia.  Rev.  (afterwards  President)  James 
Manning  was  sent  to  Newport  to  see  what  interest 
could  be  awakened  among  the  Baptists  of  that 
flourishing  town  in  can-ying  out  the  proposed 
plan.  Meeting  with  suflicient  encouragement  to 
commence  operations,  Mr.  Manning  took  up  bis 


residence  in  Warren,  R.  I.,  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place,  and  in  September, 
17<')5,  was  elected  president  of  the  infant  college,  to 
which  was  given  the  name  "  Rhode  Island  College.'' 
The  first  commencement  was  celebrated  at  Warren, 
Sept.  7,  170'J,  at  which  time  seven  young  men  took 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  On  the  7th  of  I'eb- 
ruary,  1770,  the  corporation  voted  that  the  college 
should  be  removed  to  Providence,  this  town  having 
ofl'ercd  a  subscription  of  ,£42.S0  as  an  inducement 
for  the  institution  permanently  to  locate  itself  there. 
At  the  time  of  its  establishment  there  were  but  four 
denominations  of  Christians  in  the  colony.  With 
a  liberal  spirit,  which  shows  the  generous  character 
of  the  founders  of  the  college,  it  was  decided  that 
each  of  these  denominations  should  be  re|iresented 
in  the  corporation.  There  were  incorporatinl  30 
trustees,  22  of  whom,  by  the  charter,  ai-e  to  be 
forever  Baptists,  5  to  be  of  the  denomination  called 
Friends  or  Quakers,  4  Congregationalists,  and  5 
Episcopalians.  There  is  incorporated  also  another 
branch  in  the  corporation,  known  as  '•  the  Fellows." 
This  branch  of  the  government  consists  of  12  mem- 
bers, including  the  president,  "  .S  of  whom  are  to 
be  Baptists,  and  the  rest  indefinitely  of  any  or  all 
denominations."  It  is  required  that  the  president 
shall  be  a  Baptist.  The  other  members  of  the 
faculty  nu\y  l;e  of  other  denominations.  The  char- 
ter contains  the  following  noteworthy  provision  : 
"  Into  this  liberal  and  catholic  institution  shall 
never  be  admitted  any  religious  tests.  But,  on  the 
contrary,  all  the  members  hereof  shall  forever  enjoy 
full,  free,  absolute,  and  uninterrupted  liberty  of 
conscience;  and  that  the  places  of  professors,  tutors, 
and  all  other  officers,  the  president  alone  excepted, 
shall  be  free  and  open  for  all  denominations  of 
Protestants  [Brown  University  is  a  Baptist  insti- 
tution, and  all  its  instructors  should  be  Baptists. — 
Editor]  ;  and  that  youth  of  all  religious  denomina- 
tions shall  and  may  be  admitted  to  the  equal  a<i- 
vantages,  emoluments,  and  honors  of  the  college  or 
university;  and  that  the  public  teaching  shall,  in 
general,  respect  the  sciences  ;  and  that  the  sectarian 
differences  shall  not  make  any  part  of  the  public 
.and  classical  instruction."  The  name  of  "Rhode 
Island  College"  was  changed  to  "Brown  Univer- 
sity" in  honor  of  its  generous  lienefactor,  Hon. 
Nicholas  Brown,  the  change  having  been  made  by 
an  act  of  the  corporation  passed  Sept.  6,  1S()4.  The 
university  h.as  had  seven  presidents.  Its  first  was 
the  founder  of  the  college,  Rev.  James  Manning, 
D.D.,  of  Nassau  Hall  College,  Princeton,  who  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  office  September,  1765, 
and  continued  in  the  same  until  bis  death,  July  2'.), 
1791.  His  successor  was  Rev.  Jonathan  JIaxcy, 
D.D..  of  the  class  of  1787,  elected  in  1797,  and  re- 
signed in  1802,  Subsequently  he  was  president 
of  Union  College,  and  afterwards  of  South  Carolina 


iUiDH  .N      I  M\  lli.-n  V. 


BRUWNFIELD 


154 


RROYLES 


College,  iind  died  in  1S20.  The  president  at  that 
time  Wiis  Rev.  Asa  Messcr,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  the 
class  of  17'JO,  wlio  was  elected  in  lt<()4,  and  re- 
signed in  1826.  lie  died  in  1S3G.  lie  was  sue- 
ceeded  by  Rev.  Francis  Wayland,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  a 
graduate  of  Union  College  of  the  class  of  1813  ; 
elected,  1827  ;  resigned,  18.55;  died,  186.5.  The 
next  jiresident  was  Hcv.  Barnas  Sears,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
of  the  class  of  1825,  who  was  eh^cted  1825,  and  re- 
signed 1867.  He  died  July  6,  1880.  lie  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  Alexis  Caswell,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  the 
clas.s  of  1822,  who  was  elected  1868,  and  resigned 
1872.  lie  died  in  1S77.  The  present  incnnilient 
of  the  office.  Rev.  Ezekiel  Oilman  Kohinson.  D.D., 
LL.D.,  of  the  class  of  18,'58,  was  elected  in  1872. 
According  to  the  recently  published  general  cata- 
logue (1880)  the  whole  number  of  graduates  of  the 
college,  including  those  who  have  received  honorary 
degrees,  is  3494,  of  which  number  1758  are  living. 
The  whole  number  of  alumni  is  2932,  of  whom 
1614  are  now  living.  The  whole  number  of  minis- 
ters who  have  been  educated  at  Brown  University 
is  733,  of  whom  388  are  now  living;  562  persons 
have  received  honorary  degrees  from  the  university, 
of  whom  144  are  now  living.  The  whole  amount  of 
the  funds  of  the  university,  not  including  the  grounds 
and  the  older  college  buildings,  is  S825.445.93.  The 
average  number  of  students  is  about  275. 

Brownfield,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  1773, 
and  in  early  life  was  converted  and  called  into  the 
ministry.  lie  was  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Smith- 
field  and  Uuiontown,  Pa.,  where  his  labors  were 
chielly  expended,  and  was  instrumental  in  organ- 
izing a  church  in  Stewartstown.  Following  the 
apostolic  example  of  many  of  our  fathers  in  the 
ministry,  he  traveled  extensively,  and  preached 
wherever  he  went.  Several  counties  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  parts  of  West  Virginia  and  Ohio,  heard 
from  him  the  blessed  gospel.  lie  was  a  sound  divine, 
an  able  preacher,  and  a  fearless  ailvoi^ateof  the  truth. 
Ilis  efforts  were  extensively  blessed.  He  died  Jan. 
18.  1859,  after  being  a  preitcher  sixty-five  years. 

Browning',  Francis  P.— As  early  as  1826, 
when  as  yet  there  had  been  no  Baptist  meetings  in 
Detroit,  Mr.  Browning,  from  England,  a  young 
merchant  in  the  city,  had,  as  a  faithful  church  mem- 
ber, connected  himself  with  the  Baptists  at  P<m- 
tiac.  The  next  year  he  entered  into  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  church  in  Detroit,  and  became  its  leading 
spirit  until  his  death  from  cholera,  in  1834.  He 
was  of  superior  intelligence  and  great  Christian  en- 
terprise. He  made  the  wants  of  Detroit  known 
throughout  the  country.  He  led  the  .social  meet- 
ings and  tlie  Sabbath  worship;  secured,  largely  at 
his  own  cost,  the  erection  of  the  first  sm.all  idiapel, 
and  the  second  commodious  brick  edifice ;  superin- 
tended the  Sunday-school ;  performed  deacon's 
duties,  and  made  them  include  all  jiastoral  work  ; 


and  leil  the  little  society  in  its  Christian  career. 
He  fell  under  the  stroke  of  the  pestilence  as  he 
was  hastening  to  and  fro  tlirough  the  wasted  and 
frightened  city  ministering  to  others.  Noble  first 
standard-bearer  of  our  cause  in  the  metropolis  of 
the  State. 

Broyles,  Rev.  Moses,  was  born  about  1826,  on 
the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  After  some 
changes  in  his  situation  he  became  the  property 
of  a  planter  named  Broyles,  who,  in  1831,  moved 
from  Tennessee  to  Kentucky.  When  a  lad  he  was 
80  faithful  and  kind  that  tlie  children  of  his  master 
were  often  left  in  his  care.  Gradually,  also,  he 
began  to  be  intrusted  with  the  affairs  of  the  farnj. 
AVhen  he  was  about  fourteen  years  old  his  master 
told  him  that  if  he  would  continue  a  good  lioy  he 
should  have  his  freedom  in  1854.  In  1851  he  jiro- 
posed  to  buy  the  rest  of  his  time,  and  the  bargain 
was  made.  After  a  few  months  he  bought  a  horse 
and  then  a  dray,  and  so  made  money  more  rapidly, 
and  soon  paid  the  price  of  his  freeiiom.  He  had 
cultivated  a  decided  taste  for  history,  having  learned 
to  read.  He  read  the  Old  Testament  through  twice, 
and  the  New  five  times ;  he  then  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  such  works  as  the  History  of  the  United 
States,  the  Lives  of  Washington  and  Marion,  A. 
Campljell's  writings,  Barnes's  "  Notes,"  Benedict's 
"  History  of  the  Baptists,"  etc.  Having  learned 
of  the  institution  at  College  Hill,  Jefferson  County, 
be  came  there  in  1854.  He  remained  in  it  nearly 
three  years.  He  gave  his  principal  attention  to 
science,  Latin,  and  Greek.  "That  school,  even  if 
it  had  done  nothing  more,  justified  its  claim  to  rec- 
ognition by  the  successful  education  of  Rev.  Moses 
Broyles,  the  leader  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  In- 
diana." lie  was  converted  in  his  seventeetith 
year.  At  that  time  there  was  active  agitation  in 
Kentucky  upon  "mission"  and  "anti-mission" 
questions,  and  also  about  the  doctrines  .set  forth 
by  Alexander  Campbell.  Mr.  Broyles  joined  Mr. 
Campbell's  sect.  When  he  went  to  Paducali  he 
united  with  the  Baptists,  and  helped  to  builil  the 
first  colored  Baptist  meeting-house  in  that  )ilaee. 
There  was  a  great  efTort  made  to  persuade  him  to 
remain  with  the  Campliellists,  but  he  had  can- 
vas.sed  the  whole  matter,  ami  he  must  be  a  Baptist. 

In  18.57  he  went  to  Indianapolis  and  began 
teaching  school.  He  soon  c<nnmeneed  to  preach 
for  the  Second  church.  He  was  ordained  Nov.  21, 
1857.  The  church  rapidly  increased  in  numbers. 
The  church  has  a  house  and  lot  which  cost  i?25,0(K) : 
it  is  the  mother  of  six  colored  churches  organizcil 
since  1866.  Since  1857  it  has  sent  21  men  into  the 
ministry.  When  Mr.  Broyles  came  to  Indianapolis 
there  was  no  Association  of  the  colored  Baptists 
of  the  State.  Chiefly  through  his  energy  and  fore- 
sight and  fidelity  the  Indiana  Association  has  now 
(statistics  of  1877)  53  churches  and  3482  members. 


BRYAN 


155 


BUCHANAN 


The  church  of  which  Mr.  l$royles  is  pastor  has  645 
mcini)crs. 

Bryan,  Rev.  Andrew,  coiorfid,  the  first  pastor 

of  the  First  colored  church  of  Savannah.  The 
church  was  organized  by  Ilev.  Abraham  Marshall, 
of  Kiokee,  in  1788,  and  Andrew  Bryan  continued 
its  pastor  until  his  death,  in  October,  ISlii.  He 
stood  exceedingly  high  in  pnlilic  estiiiiiition,  and 
brought  great  numbers  into  his  church.  When  he 
was  young  he  was  persecuted  for  preaching ;  but 
when  he  died  the  Sunbury  Association  adopted  .a 
complimentary  resolution  of  regret  concerning  him, 
and  the  white  Baptist  and  Presbyterian  ministers 
of  Savannali  delivered  addresses  in  bis  honor. 

Bryan,  Hon.  Nathan,  a  man  of  reputation, 
piety,  and  wealth,  was  burn  in  Jones  Co.,  N.  C.  ; 
was  baptized  when  eighteen  by  Rev.  Mr.  McUaniel, 
and  represented  his  county  in  the  General  Assem- 
lily.  In  1794-  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
Newbern  district.  He  died  in  1798,  and  was 
buried  in  the  yard  of  a  Baptist  church,  probably 
old  Sansom  Street,  in  Philadelphia. 

Bryant,  Rev.  Daniel,  one  of  the  pioneers 
nmong  Ohio  Baptists,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
the  year  1800.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was 
<;onverted,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Lvons,  N.  Y.  In  the  year  1824,  having  removed  to 
Ohio,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Mill  Creek  church. 
For  more  than  fifty  years  he  devoted  himself  to  the 
building  up  of  the  cause  of  Christ  in  Southern 
Ohio.  In  the  face  of  great  opposition  he  was  the 
friend  of  missions  and  ministerial  education. 
When  in  1836  the  old  Miami  Association  excluded 
the  churches  of  Cincinnati,  Middletown,  Lelianon, 
and  Dayton  for  sympathy  with  missions,  Father 
Bryant  went  cheerfully  with  the  minority.  He 
w.as  liberal  in  giving,  steadfast  in  his  convictions, 
simple  in  his  life.  His  labirs  were  abundant,  and 
often  attended  with  hardship.  He  died  in  the  year 
187.'),  with  the  harness  on,  having  been  stricken 
down  in  the  pulpit  while  preaching,  only  a  few 
hours  before  he  (lassed  away.  He  was  a  favorite 
with  both  old  and  young,  and  will  be  long  remem- 
bered as  one  of  the  sainted  few  who  laid  the  foun- 
dations of  Baptist  churches  in  Ohio,  and  for  many 
years  preached  in  faithful  simplicity  the  Word  of 
"life. 

Bryce,  Rev,  John,  was  born  of  Scotch  parents 
in  Goochland  Co.,  Va.,  May  31,  1784.  His  parents 
were  strict  churchmen,  and  he  was  confirmed  in  the 
Episcopal  Church.  Under  the  preaching  of  the 
celebrated  Andrew  Broaihis,  at  the  ago  of  twenty- 
one,  he  was  convicted  of  sin,  wius  converted,  and 
united  with  a  small  Baptist  church  in  his  native 
county.  About  the  same  period  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  soon  began  to  exhort  sinners  to 
repent,  and  in  the  course  of  two  or  three  years  was 
ordained.     For  a  consiilerable  period   he  practiced 


law  and  preached  the  gospel  in  RichnKjnd  and 
Lvnchbiirg.  He  was  master  in  chancery  some  years 
under  Chief  Justice  Marshall.  In  1810  he  was 
chosen  assistant  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  clnirch 
in  Richmond,  the  aged  and  infirm  Kev.  John 
Courtney  being  the  nominal  pastor.  lie  remained 
in  this  position  (except  during  a  brief  perio<l  in 
which  Rev.  .Vndrew  Broadus  filled  it)  until  182-'. 
He  was  one  year  chaplain  in  the  U.  IS.  army, 
during  the  war  of  1812-15,  In  1822  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Fredericks- 
burg, Va,  After  preaching  there  two  years  he  be- 
came p.astor  of  a  church  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  where 
he  remained  one  year,  and  then  returned  to  Fred- 
ericksburg. 

Mr.  Bryce  was  one  of  the  principal  movers  in  the 
erection  of  Columbian  College.  He  was  also  an  ac- 
tive member  of  the  American  Colonization  Society, 
and  at  one  time  liberated  about  40  of  his  own  slaves 
and  sent  them  to  Liberia.  In  1S27  be  moved  to 
Georgetown,  Ky..  where  be  established  himself  in 
the  practice  of  law,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  political  affairs  of  the  State,  as  well  as  in  the 
establishment  of  Georgetown  College.  In  1832  he 
located  in  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  Here  he  remained 
ten  years,  preaching  and  practicing  law,  and  rep- 
resenting his  county  in  the  State  Legislature  at 
least  one  term.  In  1844  he  was  appointed  snr 
veyor  of  Shreveport,  La,  This  was  pending  th 
annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United  States,  and  Mr. 
Bryce  is  supposed  to  have  been  President  Tyler's 
confidential  agent  in  that  important  aflJ'air.  After 
his  term  of  office  expired  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Shreveport.  While  here  he  performed  the  most 
important  work  of  his  life  in  the  ministry.  When 
he  arrived  at  Shreveport,  in  1844,  he  supposed 
there  was  not  a  Baptist  church  or  another  Baptist 
preacher  within  200  miles  of  him  ;  when  he  left 
there  in  1851  there  were  about  20  churches  and 
two  Associations  in  that  region.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  accomplishing  this  great  work  while  the 
ground  was  contested  by  Bishop  Polk.  In  1851, 
Mr.  Bryce  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  the  next 
year  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Hender- 
son, in  that  State,  Here  he  spent  the  evening  of  a 
long  and  eventfiil  life.     He  died  July  2r),  1864. 

Buchanan,  James,  was  born  at  Bingoes,  N,  J,, 
June  17,  1839;  studied  at  the  Clinton  Academy; 
entered  the  law-oftice  of  John  T.  Bird,  Esq.,  in 
I860;  attended  the  law  school  at  Albany,  and  wa- 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1864.  He  wa  • 
reading  clerk  in  the  .Vssembly  in  1866,  and  was 
appointed  law  judge  of  Monger  County  in  1874. 
The  university  in  Lewisburg  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1875. 

He  and  his  brother  Joseph  joined  the  Cherry- 
ville  Baptist  church  on  the  same  day  in  March, 
1S65.    .ludice  BuL'hanaii  has  identified  him.self  fully 


BUCHANAN 


156 


BUCK 


with  tho  cause  of  God,  and  stands  in  tlie  fore  front 
(if  pastors'  lielpers  in  Trenton,  wliore  he  resides. 
On  the  death  of  lion.  D.  M.  Wilson,  in  1873,  Jndfjc 
Buchanan  was  heartily  (dioscn  to  the  presidency 


JCDGE    JAMES    nUCIIAXAV. 

of  the  New  Jersey  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
has  been  annually  re-elected.  In  associational, 
benevolent,  and  educational  interests  he  is  fre- 
quently ciilled  upon,  and  is  always  ready  with  his 
voiee  and  iiillnence. 

Buchanan,  Joseph  C,  was  liorn  at  Rin^oes, 
N.  J.,  March  27,  11^41.  lie  entered  the  Sophomore 
class  of  Madi^o^  University  in  October,  ISfiS,  and 
graduated  in  1860,  takini;  the  degree  of  A.M.  in 
course  three  years  later.  AVas  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Scotch  Plains,  N.  J.,  Oct.  I,  ISliT.  He 
labored  there  until  Sept.  1,  1878.  During  his  min- 
istry there  a  fine  meeting-house  was  built,  at  a  cost 
of  834,000.  In  September,  1878,  Mr.  Buchanan 
became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Pemberton.  He 
is  a  good  theologian,  a  thoughtful  preacher,  and 
has  been  ]iro>pored  in  winning  >ouW. 

Buck,  Rev.  William  Calmes,  son  of  Charles 
Buck  and  Mary  Richardson,  was  born  Aug.  23, 1790, 
in  Shenandoah  (now  Warren)  Co.,  Va.  His  father 
was  a  farmer  in  good  circumstances,  and  gave  him 
such  advantages  as  were  common  in  those  days, 
which  did  not  satisfy  his  desires  for  a  thorough 
education.  He  told  his  father  that  he  would  re- 
linquish all  claim  on  his  estate  if  he  would  send 
him  ofiT  to  a  good  school  for  one  year,  but  his  father 
was  not  willing  to  make  any  distinction  as  to  edu- 
cation among  his  children.  While  a  boy  he  read 
all  the  volumes  of  the   ''British   EncyclopiBdia," 


and  some  of  them,  more  than  once,  by  fire-light, 
besides  such  histories  and  scientific  works  as  he 
could  procure  frum  a  public  library  of  which  his 
father  was  a  slnire-holder.    His  thirst  for  knowledge 


REV.  WII.I.IAM    fAl.MES    BUCK. 

was  so  great  that  he  continued  to  improve  himself, 
until  in  middle  age  he  acquired  such  an  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  languages  as 
enabled  him  to  read  the  Scriptures  in  those  lan- 
guages with  pleasure.  For  some  years  be  was 
occupied  in  farming,  which  he  relinquished  to  gi\e 
himself  entirely  to  the  Christian  ministry,  and 
joined  the  Water  Lick  Baptist  cliurch.  Va..  in  his 
seventeenth  year.  Commenced  public  speaking 
soon  after,  but  was  not  ordained  till  1812.  He 
then  became  pastor  of  the  church  of  which  he  was 
a  member.  Was  .a  lieutenant  in  the  U.  S.  army 
during  the  war  of  1812.  Moved  to  Union  Co.,  Ky., 
in  1820.  where  he  had  tlu!  care  of  several  churches, 
and  resided  for  a  short  time  in  Woodford  County. 
During  all  these  years  his  time  was  filled  with  most 
laliorious  missionary  work.  Moved  to  Louisville 
in  1836  and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
church  ;  he  soon  resigned  the  care  of  it,  and,  with 
a  few  others,  formed  the  East  chufch,  to  which  he 
furnished  a  house  and  preached  until  it  was  alilc 
to  sustain  itself.  Was  editor  of  tlie  Baptist  Banner 
and  Wi-slern  Pioneer  during  most  of  his  residence 
in  Louisville.  Was  elected  secretary  of  the  Bible 
Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  May,  1851,  in  which  position  he  eon- 
tinued  until  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church,  Columbus,  Miss.,  March,  18-04;  continued  in 
this  position  till  May.  1857,  when  he  accepted  a  call 


nrcKnER 


157 


HiCKSEli 


to  the  Grecnborough  flitircli,  Ala.  The  next  year, 
1X58,  he  servec.  the  cliurch  at  Selina,  Ala.  In  the 
fall  of  11S.')9,  having  nioveJ  to  Maiion,  Ala.,  he  eom- 
nienced  the  publication  of  The  Jinjilist  Cuire-ipond- 
enl,  but  after  two  years  it  was  su.spended  by  the 
events  of  the  war,  and  he  went  to  the  Confederate 
army  as  a  missionary,  laborini;  wherever  ho  thought 
he  could  be  most  useful.  In  1804  he  located  at 
Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss.,  as  superintendent  of 
tlie  Orphans'  Home,  and  also  had  the  care  of  the 
Sharon  church,  Noxubee  Co.,  Miss.,  till  he  removed 
to  Texas,  in  1866.  lie  had  not  the  care  of  any 
church  in  Texas,  but  continued  to  labor  for  the 
Master  liy  word  and  pen  so  long  as  his  health  per- 
mitted. Died  at  Waco,  Texas,  M.iy  18,  1872.  He 
was  an  earnest  worker  in  all  enterprises  of  the 
denomination.  Gifted  by  nature  with  a  ringing, 
powerful  voice,  fluent  speech,  and  a  retentive  mem- 
ory, he  was  unsurpassed  as  a  platform  speaker.  He 
was  often  elected  a  vice-president  of  the  Southern 
Bajitist  Convention.  He  prepared  and  published 
"The  Baptist  llymn-Book,''  ''The  Philosoi>hy  of 
Religion,"  and  "  The  Science  of  Life." 


CHARLES    Ai.V.MI     lUCKIiEK,    II. D. 

Buckbee,  Charles  Alvah,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Penn  Yan,  N.  Y..  April  3, 1824.  In  1835  his  parents 
moved  to  New  I'ork  City.  He  was  converted  in 
18.37,  and  joined  a  Methodist  class.  In  1839  he 
united  with  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church,  and  soon 
after  devoted  himself  to  the  ministry,  entering  Madi- 
son University  in  May,  1840,  and  graduating  in  Aug- 
ust, 1848.  Settled  as  pastor  at  Conway,  Mass.,  Oct. 
6,  1848 ;  was  blessed  with  two  revivals  and  bap- 
tized many  converts.    In  March,  1851,  he  resigned; 


moved  to  New  York ;  was  associate  editor  of  the 
New  York  Chrotiirle,  and  in  .June,  1852,  entered 
the  service  of  the  American  Bible  Union,  in  which 
he  remained  as  an  officer  and  manager  seventeen 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  first  vol- 
umes of  its  ■'  Documentary  Hislorj',"  the  Bihie 
Union  Monihhj,  and  the  QuarterJy.  In  1867  he 
visited  the  Pacific  coast  as  a  special  delegate  of 
the  Union,  and  held  two  public  debates  on  revision 
of  the  English  Scriptures.  The  deliates  were  pub- 
lished and  widely  circulated.  During  his  connec- 
tion with  the  Union  he  established  the  Baptist 
church  in  West  Hoboken,  N.  J. ;  was  its  pastor 
nearly  ten  yeai"s,  and  immersed  nearly  1.50  con- 
verts into  its  fellowship.  In  June,  1869,  he  settled 
permanently  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. :  was  nearly 
three  years  pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  which  he 
organized,  and  into  whose  membership  he  baptized 
nearly  100  converts.  lie  edited,  fur  five  years.  The 
Evanijd,  and  continues  in  the  conduct  of  its  Sun- 
day-school department.  In  all  Baptist  organiza- 
tions he  has  been  active,  as  secretary  of  the  State 
Convention,  president  one  year  of  tlie  Board  of 
California  College,  and  member  of  the  Missionary 
Board  of  California.  In  1879  he  received  from 
California  College  tlie  degree  of  D.D.  In  1870  he 
accepted  a  position  in  the  U.  S.  Mint,  wliicli  he 
still  holds,  and  though  not  a  pastor  preaches  to 
feeble  churches  nearly  every  Lord's  day.  During 
his  ministry  he  has  helped  pastors  in  many  revi- 
vals and  baptized  about  400  converts.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  laborious  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry 
of  the  Pacific  coast. 

Buckner  Collegfe  is  a  new  institution  located 
at  Wicherville,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, in  charge  of  Rev.  E.  L.  Compere.  It  is  under 
the  patronage  of  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  Northwestern  Arkansas.  The  collegiate  depart- 
ment was  opened  in  September.  18S0. 

Buckner,  Rev.  Xerxes  Xavier,  A.M  — This 
excellent  minister  of  Christ  was  born  in  S|  cncer 
Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  20,  1828.  He  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  years,  and  united  with  the  Plumb 
Creek  Baptist  church  in  his  native  county.  He 
graduated  at  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and  was 
ordained  in  the  church  where  he  wa.s  converted, 
and  labored  with  great  acceptance  for  years  at 
Taylorsville  and  Fisherville.  In  1855  he  removed 
to  Missouri,  and  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  educational  centre,  and  aided  in  establish- 
ing the  school  now  known  as  Stephen  College.  In 
18t)0  he  located  as  pastor  in  Boonville,  Mo.  From 
over-exertion  in  church  and  school  work  his  health 
failed,  and  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  where 
he  engaged  as  pastor  at  West  Port,  and  performed 
evangelistic  work  for  one  year;  then  he  removed 
to  Liberty,  Mo.,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church    and   president  of  the   Female    Seminary 


BUCKNER 


158 


BULKLEY 


The  second  year  lie  resiffned  tlie  pastorate  Vjut 
retained  tlie  si'liool,  and  at  tlie  end  of  tlic  third 
year  he  returned  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  lived 
till  June  19,  1872,  when  he  died.  For  years  he 
was  trustee  of  William  Jewell  Collej;e  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Ministerial  Education.  He 
was  presiding  officer  at  the  last  General  Associa- 
tion he  attended.  lie  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Hoard  of  Piil)lic  Schools  in  Kansas  City,  and 
the  presidency  of  the  Kansas  City  National  Bank 
was  literally  forced  upon  him.  As  a  minister  of 
Christ,  a  peace-maker  in  our  last  war,  a  public-spir- 
ited citizen,  an  humble  Christian,  Brother  Buckner 
has  few  equals ;  and  no  spot  dims  his  bright  char- 
acter. 

Buckner,  Rev.  Robert  C,  was  boi-n  in  Madi- 
Bonvillo,  Tenn.,  Jan.  .3,  1S.37;  educated  in  George- 
town   College,    Ky. ;    professed    religion    October, 


^.  "- 


REV.  ROBERT    C.  BUCKNER. 


1844,  and  commenced  his  ministry  at  Somerset, 
Ky.,  in  1852;  was  pastor  at  Albany,  Owensborough, 
Salvisa,  Kv.,  and  Paris,  Texas,  twenty-seven  years 
in  all.  He  v;as  the  first  agent  in  Kentucky  of  the 
Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Con- 
vention ;  was  twelve  years  moderator  of  Red  River 
Association,  Texas ;  is  now  general  superintendent 
of  Orphan  Home  work  in  Texas,  president  of  the 
Sunday-School  Convention  of  Northern  Texas,  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Association.  He  is  editor  and  proprietor,  at 
this  time,  of  the  Texas  Baptist,  published  at  Dallas. 
He  is  also  proprietor  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Publish- 
ing House. which  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 
Buel,  Rev.  Abel  P.,  was  born  in  Wallingford, 


Conn.,  Nov.  29,  1S20;  converted  and  baptized  at 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  April,  ISoG  ;  studied  at  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institution  ;  entered  Yale  College 
in  1843,  and  remained  till  1840  :  received  the  de- 
gree of  A.M.  from  Rochester  University;  ordained 
at  Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  1846,  and  served  about  three 
years;  pastor  of  Baptist  chui-ch  in  Tarrytown, 
N.  Y.,  about  nine  years ;  afterwards  settled  in  New 
London  and  Southington,  Conn. ;  was  blessed  with 
revivals  in  his  pastorates;  fervent  in  spirit,  earnest 
in  work,  eloijuent  in  speech  ;  an  easy  and  graceful 
writer ;  withal  a  poet  whose  productions  have 
merit  ;  now  in  Cleveland,  0. 

Buist,  Rev.  James  F.,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1839,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  His  parents  died  when 
he  was  eight  years  of  age,  but  his  uncle,  E.  T. 
Buist,  D.D.,  took  him  in  charge.  He  was  educated 
at  Furman  University.  lie  was  baptized  in  1859, 
and  ordained  in  1800. 

During  the  war  he  was  a  chaplain  in  the  army, 
and  since  its  termination  he  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Pliiladelphia  and  Saltkehatchie  churches.  He  has 
been  moderator  of  the  Barnwell  Association  for 
several  years. 

His  father  and  uncle  were  distinguished  Presby- 
terian ministers,  one  of  his  brothers  is  a  pastor  in 
the  same  denomination,  while  another  and  liimself 
are  in  the  oldest  church  in  Christendom,  to  whose 
members  Christ  preached  when  he  was  on  earth. 

The  long  pastorates  of  James,  and  the  frequency 
of  his  election  as  moderator  of  the  Association,  show 
tlie  esteem  of  his  brethren  for  him. 

Bulkley,  Justin,  D.D.— Dr.  Bulkley,  Professor 
of  Church  History  and  Church  Polity  at  SliiirtlefT 
College,  was  born  at  Leicester,  Livingston  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  23,  1819.  His  father,  an  industrious 
farmer,  and  a  man  of  high  character,  removed 
subsequently  to  Illinois,  and  died  at  Barry,  July 
24,  1859,  his  wife  surviving  him  only  a  few  years. 
The  son  was  seventeen  years  of  age  at  the  date  of 
this  removal  to  Illinois.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Shurtleff  College,  his  education  until  that  time 
being  such  as  the  imperfect  school  system  in  Cen- 
tral Illinois  then  afforded.  He  graduated  in  1847. 
His  first  post  of  service  was  that  of  principal  of 
the  preparatory  department  in  his  college,  to  which 
he  was  chosen  immediately  upon  his  graduation. 
Two  years  later,  in  February,  1849,  he  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Jerseyville. 
After  four  yeai's  of  unusually  suc»essful  service  in 
this  pastorate,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  Shurtleff  College,  resigning  that  position 
in  1855,  and  becoming  pastor  of  the  church  in 
CarroUton.  After  nine  years  at  Carrollton  he  re- 
turned to  Upper  Alton,  the  seat  of  Shurtleff  Col- 
lege, and  at  the  end  of  a  year  accepted  the  post  in 
the  college  which  he  now  fills. 


BULLKN 


159 


BUNYAN 


Dr.  Bulkley's  service  in  the  several  positions  lie 
lias  hold  has  been  one  of  marked  iisefiiliicss.  As 
a  preacher,  he  has  a  peculiar  pnwer  over  the  sym- 
pathies as  well  as  the  convictions  of  his  hearers. 
As  a  pastor,  his  excellent  judgment,  his  kind  spirit, 
his  sympathetic  nature,  make  him  the  trusted  friend 
IK)  less  than  the  honored  leader  and  teacher.  As  a 
professor,  he  has  always  gained  in  a  peculiar  <lc- 
gree  the  confidence  and  afl'ection  of  his  ]Hipils, 
while  his  teaching  has  been  thorough,  critical,  and 
exact.  The  estimation  in  which  ho  is  held  by  the 
dci\omination  in  the  State  is  shown  liy  his  election 
during  successive  years  as  moderator  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association,  and  in  the  fact  that  since  the  year 
hSol  the  often  delicate  and  important  service  of 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Elections  in  the 
General  Association  has,  year  by  year,  been  com- 
mitted to  him. 

Bullen,  George,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New  .Sharon, 
Me.  lie  graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  the 
class  of  18.1.5,  and  at  the  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution in  the  class  of  18.58.  lie  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Skowhegan.  Me.,  June  13, 
1860,  where  he  remained  until,  in  1863,  he  accepted 
an  appointment  as  chaplain  in  a  regiment  of  U.  S. 
volunteers.  lie  ministered  to  the  Wakefield  Bap- 
tist church,  18(14-67,  and  entered  upon  his  duties 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  I'awtucket,  R.  I.,  in 
1868,  and  continues  in  this  relation  at  this  time. 
Colby  University  has  ju.st  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Bunn,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  in  Nash  Co., 
N.  C.,  Dec.  18,  1795.  lie  was  left  an  orphan  at  an 
early  age.  He  moved  in  1817  to  Twiggs  Co.,  Ga., 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  By 
steady  industry  and  prudent  management  he  accu- 
mnlated  a  handsome  estate,  which  he  shared  liber- 
ally with  benevolent  institutions  and  good  and  wise 
schemes  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow-men.  lie  for 
years  acted  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  judge  of 
the  County  Court,  and  between  1825  and  1831  ho 
represented  his  county  in  several  sessions  of  the 
State  General  Assembly,  lie  m;iile  a  public  pro- 
fession of  religion  in  1837,  and  thenceforth  scru- 
pulously practiced  all  bis  religious  duties.  His 
church  called  him  to  the  gospel  ministry  in  1851, 
and  on  the  7th  of  December  in  that  year  he  was 
ordained.  For  several  years  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Richland  church  ;  for  many  sessions  he  was  mod- 
erator of  the  Ebenezer  Association,  and,  also,  a 
trustee  of  Mercef  University  and  a  member  of  the 
K.\ecutive  Committee  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con- 
vention. He  w.as  eminently  a  pacificator  by  his 
influence  and  pruilent  counsels  ;  he  settled  or  pre- 
vented many  troubles  among  neighbors  and  in 
churches;  he  was  scrupulously  honest,  fair,  and 
liberal  in  all  transactions;  many  widows  and  or- 
phans found  in  liiin  .'v  frieml  and  a  wise  counselor. 


In  all  the  relations  of  life,  as  husband,  father,  citi- 
zen, church  member,  and  minister,  he  illustrated 
the  characteristics  of  a  genuine  Christian,  no  blot 
ever  stained  his  fair  fame  ;  yet,  looking  heaven- 
ward, he  felt  the  power  and  ruin  of  sin,  and  for 
salvation  trusted  in  the  merits  of  Jesus  only.  He 
passed  away  peacefully  on  the  morning  of  Sept. 
23,  1878,  in  the  si.\ty-first  year  of  his  residence  in 
Twiggs  County,  and  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his 
age. 

Bunyan,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Elstow,  Eng- 
land, about  a  mile  from  Bedford,  in  1C28.  His 
father  was  a  man  of  more  intelligence  than  those 
who  generally  followed  his  calling,  and  he  had  John 
taught  to  read  and  write.  AVhen  the  little  boy  was 
ton  years  of  age  be  first  became  conscious  that  he 
was  very  sinful.    He  speedily  shook  off  these  fears. 

He  was  "  drawn  out"  in  1645,  with  others,  at  the 
siege  of  Leicester  to  perform  sentinel's  duty  before 
the  city,  when  another  member  of  his  company  ex- 
pressed a  desire  to  take  his  place  ;  the  request  was 
granted,  and  that  night  Bunyan's  substitute  was 
shot  in  the  head  and  died.  This  deliverance  pro- 
duced a  powerful  impression  upon  Bunyan. 

Soon  after  he  left  the  army  he  married,  and  his 
wife  and  he  were  so  poor  that  they  had  neither  a 
"  dish  nor  a  spoon." 

His  first  permanent  conviction  of  sin  was  ]ini- 
duced  by  a  sermon  denouncing  the  violation  of  the 
Lord's  day  by  labor,  sports,  or  otherwise.  This 
came  home  to  Bunyan  with  peculiar  force,  for  his 
greatest  enjoyment  came  from  sports  on  the  Lord's 
day. 

A  long  while  after  this,  Bunyan,  in  passing 
through  the  streets  of  Bedford,  heard  '"  three  or 
four  poor  women,'"  sitting  at  a  door,  "talking 
about  the  new  birth,  the  work  of  God  in  their 
hearts,  and  the  way  by  which  they  were  convinced 
of  their  miserable  state  by  nature.  They  told  how 
God  had  visited  their  souls  with  his  love  in  Christ 
Jesus,  and  with  what  words  and  ]iromises  they 
had  been  refreshed,  comforted,  and  supported 
against  the  temptations  of  the  devil;  moreover, 
they  reasoned  of  the  suggestions  and  temptations 
of  Satan  in  particular."  From  these  women  Bun- 
yan learned  to  loathe  sin  and  to  hunger  for  the 
Saviour.  He  sought  their  company  again  and 
again,  and  he  was  strengthened  to  go  to  Jesus. 
One  day,  as  he  was  pa.ssing  into  the  fields,  he  says, 
"  This  sentence  fell  upon  my  soul,  '  Thy  righteous- 
ness is  in  heaven.'  I  also  saw  that  it  was  not  my 
good  frame  of  heart  that  nmde  my  righteousness 
better,  nor  yet  my  bad  frame  that  made  my  right- 
eousness worse,  for  my  righteousness  was  Jesus 
Christ  himself,  the  same  yesterday,  to-day,  and 
forever."  Then,  as  he  says, ''his  chains  fell  off," 
and  he  went  home  rejoicing.  In  1655,  Mr.  Bun- 
yan was  immersed  by  the  Rev.  John  GifTord,  of 


BUNYAN 


161 


BUUBANK 


Bedford.  The  same  year  he  was  called  to  preach 
the  gospel. 

Bunyan  wa.s  arrested  Nov.  12,  16(j(),  and  he  was 
in  jail  more  than  twelve  yours.  Ili.s  iiiipi-isnniiHnit 
was  peculiarly  trying.  "The  parting  with  my 
wife  and  poor  children,"  says  Bunyan,  ''hath 
often  been  to  me,  in  this  place  (the  prison),  like 
pulling  the  flesh  from  my  bones."  And  of  his 
blind  daughter  he  adds,  "  I'uor  child,  what  sorrow 
thou  art  like  to  have  for  thy  portion  in  this  world  ! 
Thou  must  be  beaten,  must  beg,  softer  hunger, 
cold,  nakedness,  and  a  thousand  calamities,  though 
I  cannot  now  endure  the  wind  should  blow  upon 
thee."  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress"  was  written  in 
Bedford  jail. 

During  Bunyan's  lifetime  there  were  1(10,000 
copies  of  that  book  circulated  in  the  British  islands, 
besides  which  tliere  were  several  editions  in  North 
America.  And  in  the  ten  years  which  Bunyan 
lived,  after  his  wonderful  book  was  first  issued,  it 
was  translated  into  French,  Flemish,  Dutch,  AVelsh, 
Gaelic,  and  Irish.  Since  Bunyan's  death  it  has 
been  translated  into  Hebrew  for  Christian  .Jews  in 
Jerusalem,  and  into  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Italian, 
Danish,  German,  Armenian,  Burmese,  Singhalese, 
Orissa,  Hindostanee,  Bengalee,  Tamil,  Maratthi, 
Canarese.  Gujaratti.  Malay,  Arabic,  Samoan,  Ta- 
hitian,  Pibuana,  Bechuana,  Malagasy,  New  Zea- 
land, and  Latin.  This  list  of  translations  ends 
with  1847.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  rendered 
into  several  additional  tongues  of  our  race.  Nor 
will  "  The  Pilgrim's  Progress"  stop  in  its  travels 
until  it  visits  every  land  occupied  by  human  beings, 
and  tells  its  blessed  story  in  the  language  of  all 
nations. 

There  is  a  French  Roman  Catholic  version  of 
"  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  greatly  abridged,  with 
the  head  of  the  Virgin  on  the  title-page.  It  leaves 
out  giant  Pope  and  the  statement  that  Peter  was 
afraid  of  a  sorry  girl.  An  English  ritualistic  cler- 
gyman has  tried  to  adajit  it  to  the  sacramental  jug- 
glery of  his  system.  Of  Bunyan's  "  Holy  War" 
Lord  Macaulay  says,  "If 'The  Pilgrim's  Progress' 
did  not  exist  it  would  be  the  best  allegory  that 
ever  was  written  ;"  and  he  proclaims  "John  Bun- 
yan the  most  popular  religious  writer  in  the  English 
language.'' 

The  pardon  which  .secured  Bunyan's  release 
from  prison  was  ordered  by  the  Privy  Council, 
presided  over  by  the  king,  May  17,  1072.  After 
his  liberation  he  became  the  most  popular  jireacher 
in  England  :  3000  persons  gathered  to  hear  him  in 
London  before  breakfast.  Men  of  all  ranks  and 
of  all  grades  of  intelligence  listened  to  his  burning 
words,  and  herahled  the  fame  of  his  eloipionce  to 
the  king.  The  learned  Dr.  John  Owen  toUl  Charles 
II.  that  he  would  relinquish  all  bis  learning  for 
the  tinker's  preaching  abilities. 


While  Bunyan  was  journeying  upon  an  errand 
of  mercy  he  was  exposed  to  a  heavy  rain,  which 
brought  on  a  violent  fever,  from  the  effect  of  which 
he  died  in  ten  days,  in  London,  Aug.  12,  lOSlS.  His 
last  hours  were  full  of  peace.  He  was  buried  in 
Bunhill  Fields  Cemetery,  where  his  monument  is 
still  seen. 

Bunyan's  church,  now  of  the  Congregational 
denomination,  is  still  in  Bedford.  His  chair  is  in 
the  meeting-house,  and  some  other  relics  of  the 
immortal  dreamer.  A  few  years  since  the  Duke  of 
Bedford  erected  a  handsome  monument  to  Bunyan 
in  Bedford,  on  which  a  statue  of  the  great  dreamer 
stands. 

John  Bunyan  was  one  of  the  few  men  of  our  race 
who  possessed  genius  of  the  highest  order. 

Burbank,  Gideon  'Webster,  was  born  at  Deer- 

fifia,  N.  H.,  May  24,  lS(i:i,  and  died  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  March  4,  1873.  His  father,  when  Gideon 
was  eighteen  years  of  age,  removed  to  New  York 
City,  and  gave  him  a  business  education.  Here  the 
son  remained  for  several  years  as  a  clerk  in  a  dry 
goods  house.  The  father  went  to  North  Carolina, 
and  became  a  successful  merchant.  Upon  his  death 
the  son  went  for  a  time  to  that  State  to  settle  his 
father's  affairs.  On  his  return  to  New  York  he 
decided  to  go  into  business  for  himself,  and  in 
1824  fixed  upon  Kendall,  Orleans  Co.,  as  his  future 
home.  The  region  was  then  just  emerging  from  a 
wilderness,  b»t  he  foresaw  the  opportunity  opening 
there  for  a  man  of  nerve  and  enterprise,  and  em- 
bracing it,  he  prospered  with  the  growth  of  the 
country.  At  length  he  found  a  better  field  for  his 
capacities  in  Rochester,  the  rising  city  of  West- 
ern New  York,  and  in  183'.)  he  removed  there  to 
manufacture  flour,  for  which  that  city  is  so  cele- 
brated. Here,  honored  by  all  men,  he  lived,  illus- 
trating the  virtues  of  a  Christian  character  to  the 
age  of  threescore  and  ten.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  that  city. 

His  interest  in  education  was  shown  by  the  gift 
of  820.0UO  towards  the  endowment  of  the  )irol'es-.(>r- 
ship  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Pliiloso|ihy  whirh 
bears  his  name  in  the  Univcr.-ity  of  Rochester. 
This  gift  was  supplemented  by  one  from  his  son- 
in-law,  Mr.  Lewis  Roberts,  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  university,  and  a  liberal  donor 
to  its  later  funds.  This  donation  to  the  young  in- 
stitution did  more  probaltly  than  any  sum  of  double 
the  amount  since  to  create  confidence  in  the  per- 
manent success  of  the  enterprise.  He  will  always 
have  a  distinguished  place  among  the  founders  of 
the  university,  and  the  citizens  of  Rochester,  among 
whom  his  memory  is  warmly  cherished. 

Burbank,  Rev.  John  F.,  was  bom  in  Standish, 

Jle.,  in  1SI2,  Imi  sjieiit  must  of  his  youth  in  Pi^rt- 
land.  Immediately  on  his  conversion  he  decided  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry.     He  spent  three  years 


BUR  CHARD 


162 


BURCIIETT 


in  Waterville  Collei;e,  and  <;ra(iuated  at  Crtliimliian 
College,  W:isliin<;ton,  D.  C.  lie  took  tlie  full  tliree 
years'  course  at  Newton,  ami  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  cliiirch  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  where  heciontiniiod 
for  a  year,  and  then  settled  at  Wehster,  Mass.  lie 
found  that  his  health  would  not  permit  him  to  ex- 
erci.se  his  callinj;,  and,  having  purchased  a  farm 
near  AVorcester,  he  retired  to  it  to  recruit  his  fail- 
ing strength.  Here  he  resided,  preaching  as  he 
felt  ahle,  and  trying  to  make  his  life  a  useful  one  in 
the  cause  of  his  Master,  lie  was  much  respected 
by  his  fellow-citizens,  filling  several  offices  of  honor 
and  trust,  and  among  them  atone  time  that  of  presi- 
dent of  the  Common  Council  of  the  city  of  Wor- 
cesti'r.     lie  dii'd  Nov.  l.'>,  18.53. 

Burchard,  Hon.  Charles  A.,  late  of  Beaver 
Dam,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Leyden,  Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y. 
In  his  early  years  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits in  his  native  State.  When  quite  young  he 
obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church.  lie  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Literary  and  Theological  Institution 
at  Hamilton,  and  made  a  canvass  of  the  Baptist 
churches  in  New  York  and  Vermont  to  raise  funds 
for  its  support.  In  1845  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Waukesha,  Wis.  Here  he  cultivated  a 
farm.  In  185.T,  Mr.  Burchard  moved  with  his 
family  to  Beaver  Dam,  which  has  since  been  the 
family  home.  He  was  in  the  first  Territorial  Con- 
vention, which  met  in  IS-IG  to  form  a  State  consti- 
tution, lie  has  served  his  district  for  several  ses- 
sions in  the  State  Legislature.  During  the  civil 
Wiir  he  was  a  government  commissioner,  having  the 
oversight  of  the  raising  and  forwarding  of  troops. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Wisconsin 
Baptist  State  Convention,  to  which  position  he  was 
re-elected  for  five  successive  years.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  useful  member  of  the  board  of  Way- 
land  Academy.  In  all  the  early  history  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  State  he  was  a  prominent  actor. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  a  decided 
Baptist,  a  warm  friend  of  ministers  of  the  gospel, 
tlie  uncompromising  enemy  of  all  wrong  and  fraud. 
He  died  in  1879,  in  the  trust  and  triumph  of  the 
gospel  of  Christ. 

Burchard,  Hon.  Seneca  B.,  wasbomatGranby, 
Mas-i..  Oct.  7,  \'\M.  At  seventeen  he  was  converted, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  that  place. 
He  came  to  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  in  1825,  where  he 
united  with  the  Baptist  church,  and  identified  him- 
self with  the  institutions  of  learning  in  that  place. 

In  1826  he  became  a  member  of  the  executive 
cnmmittoe,  also  treasurer,  steward,  and  agent.  In 
1834  he  was  the  building  agent  for  the  erection  of 
East  College.  He  continued  treasurer  for  twelve 
years,  a  member  of  tlie  Education  Board  for  thirty- 
nine  years,  president  of  said  board  seven  years,  and 
twenty-five  years  vice-president. 


In  1840,  the  date  of  the  charter  of  Madison  Uni- 
versity, he  was  made  by  the  Legislature  one  of  the 
original  corporators,  and  was  elected  vice-president. 
He  died  at  Hamilton,  February,  1801,  at  about 
seventy-one  years  of  age,  his  mind  still  strong  and 
vigorous,  and  his  faith  in  God  and  the  educational 
enterprise  at  Hamilton  unyielding.  He  was  one 
of  those  stalwart  men  whom,  in  those  early  times. 
Dr.  N.  Kendrick  drew  around  him  when  he  was 
the  energizing  spirit  at  Hamilton. 

Deacon  Burchard  was  no  ordinary  man.  He  was 
massive  and  solid  in  every  direction.  He  could 
endure  great  physical  exertion  as  well  as  mental 
strain.  Not  easily  discouraged  or  thwarted  in  his 
plans,  slow  in  deliberation,  wise  in  counsel,  prompt 
in  execution,  when  be  had  received  an  appointment 
he  did  not  rest  till  he  was  sure  of  its  accomplish- 
ment. As  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  as  a 
citizen,  as  a  church  member  and  deacon,  as  treas- 
urer, executive  officer,  counselor  on  the  board,  he 
was  highly  respected,  honored,  and  trusted  till  the 
end  of  his  life. 

To  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  a  remarkal)ly  dili- 
gent student  of  the  Scriptures.  He  either  taught 
a  Bible-class  or  was  a  member  of  one  till  near  the 
eternal  rest,  and  he  used  to  tell  how  the  Bible,  as 
he  re-read  it,  kept  opening  its  truth.^  to  his  heart. 

Burchard,  Theodore. — Mr.  Theodore  Burchard, 
who  died  at  Lacon,  111.,  Dec.  9,  1808,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-four,  was  a  native  of  Granby,  Mass.  In 
early  life  he  removed  to  Oneida  County,  in  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  from  that  place,  later,  to 
Hamilton,  where  he  resided  some  twenty  years,  an 
active  member  of  the  church,  and.  like  his  two 
brothers,  also  residents  of  Hamilton,  interested  in 
all  denominational  enterprises.  In  1854  he  re- 
moved to  Quincy,  111.,  where  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  Street  Baptist  church.  During  the 
last  four  years  of  his  life  he  resided  mostly  at  La- 
con,  where  be  died.  His  remains  were  taken  to 
Hamilton  for  burial,  where  his  wife  and  his  two 
brothers  also  lie.  "  Father  Burchard,'  writes  one 
who  knew  him  well,  "  was  manly  and  noble  in  his 
bearing,  tall,  standing  considerably  over  six  fe^t, 
and  every  inch  a  Baptist.  Strong  in  his  convictions 
of  truth  and  duty,  strong  in  faith,  there  was  no 
compromise  of  error  in  his  nature." 

Burchett,  Rev.  G.  J.,  president  of  McJIinnville 
College,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Lee  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  15, 
1847.  In  1867,  at  Austin,  Mo.,  he  was  converted 
and  baptized.  Impressed  with  the  duty  of  preach- 
ing, he  studied,  and  graduated  at  William  Jewell 
College  in  1874;  was  ordained;  spent  two  years 
at  Chicago,  taking  a  course  of  lectures  in  theology  ; 
supplied  some  small  churches,  and  held  revival 
meetings  during  vacations.  In  1876  he  went  to 
California,  organized  the  Reeds  church;  preached 
a  few  months  at  Reeds,  Wheatland,  and  Marvsville. 


BURDETTE 


163 


BURLESON 


In  IH7T  moveil  to  Astoriii,  Oregon,  built  a  house  of 
worsliip  for  the  church  there,  and  in  1S7S  was 
elected  president  of   McMiiinville.      Ilis  energy, 


REV.  G.  J.  BLRrHETT. 

enthusiasm,  and  ability  have  inspired  tlie  Baptists 
of  Oregon  to  united  and  vigorous  efforts  on  belialf 
of  the  college.  He  is  a  fine  speaker  and  scholar, 
and  a  magnetic  teacher. 

Burdette,  Robert  J.,  was  born  at  Greens- 
borough,  I'a.,  July  30.  1844.  In  LH.J2  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Peoria,  111.  In  18C2  he  en- 
listed in  the  47th  Regiment  of  III.  Vols.  lie 
served  tlirough  the  war,  taking  part  in  the  battle 
of  Corinth,  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  the  Red 
River  Expedition.  In  1870  he  became  editor  of 
the  Peoria  Transcript,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Peoria  Jiei-iew.  In  1874  he  took  charge  of  the 
Burlington  (Iowa)  Hatckei/e,  with  which  his  name 
has  ever  since  been  associated,  and  to  which  he 
has  imparted  a  world-wide  rwutation.  He  has 
attained  a  high  position  as  a  hmnorist,  as  an  edi- 
tor, and  as  a  lecturer.  His  humor  is  always  of 
the  purest  morality,  and  is  subservient  to  the  best 
and  loftiest  purposes.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bur- 
lington Baptist  church,  and  lie  is  an  efficient,  ac- 
cpptiil)le,  and  valued  teacher  in  the  Bible  school. 

Burk,  Rev.  B,  J.,  pastor  in  Mobile  for  sixteen 
years  over  a  large  church,  a  man  of  positive  char- 
acter, a  sterling  Baptist,  holding  his  church  to  "old 
land-mark"  principles;  liberally  educated,  a  good 
preacher,  he  wields  a  powerful  influence  among 
colored  Baptists. 

Burkitt,  Rev.  Lemuel,  the  historian  of  the 
Kehukee  Association,  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Henry 


Abbot  into  the  fellowship  of  Yeopim  Baptist  church 
in  July,  1771.  A  good  and  useful  in.an,  and  worthy 
to  be  held  in  perpetual  remembrance. 

Burleigh,  Rev.  Lncian,  son  of  Deacon  Rinalde 
and  Lydia  (B.)  Burleigh,  was  born  in  Plainfield, 
Conn.,Dec.  3, 1817;  broughtupaCongregationalist ; 
educated  in  the  public  school,  the  Plainfield  Acad- 
emy, and  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  at 
Su (field  ;  chose  the  profession  of  teaching;  was 
converted  at  the  age  of  twenty  ;  baptized  by  Rev. 
Smith  Lyon  ;  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
North  Oxford,  Mass.,  where  he  was  then  teaching  ; 
removed  to  Packersville,  Conn.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained as  an  evangelist;  taught  and  preached  in 
South  and  North  Killingly,  and  North  Granby, 
where  he  was  principal  of  Green  Academy  ;  soon 
after  1840  began  his  large  and  effective  labors  in 
the  Tempei-anee  Reform,  which  he  advocated  widely 
throughout  the  country  ;  he  wrote  with  a  masterly 
pen  ;  in  1849  he  was  agent  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Suppression  of  Gambling ;  made  a . 
temperance  campaign  in  Wisconsin,  filling  70  ap- 
pointments in  36  days;  did  the  like  in  the  State 
of  New  York  ;  preached  in  the  mean  time  ;  by  re- 
quest returned,  and  became  principal  of  the  Plain- 
field  Academy,  and  served  five  years;  supplied  also 
destitute  churches  ;  taught  the  high  school  in  Cen- 
tral Village;  settled  as  pastor  of  the  South  Centre 
Baptist  church  in  Ashford,  Ciinn.  (now  Warren- 
ville)  ;  then  served  for  thirteen  years  as  agent  of 
the  Connecticut  Temperance  Union  ;  his  discourses 
and  poems  have  won  an  extensive  reputation  ;  is 
now  preaching  and  lecturing. 

Burleson,  Richard  Byrd,  LL.D.,  son  of  Jona- 
than Burleson,  was  born  near  Decatur,  Ala.,  and 
died  at  Waco,  Dec.  21,  1879.  In  1839  he  was  con- 
verted, and  three  days  after  wjis  baptized  by  Rev. 
William  H.  Holcombe.  In  1840  he  entered  Nash- 
ville University,  and  remained  three  years.  During 
the  pastorate  of  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Howell  he  was  li- 
censed to  prea<h  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Nashville  in  1841.  He  was  called  to  ordination  by 
the  church  at  Athens,  Ala.,  November.  1842,  and 
was  the  pastor  of  that  church  for  two  years.  In 
1845  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Tuscumbia,  and  remained  their  pastor  four  years. 

In  1849  be  was  made  president  of  Moulton  Fe- 
male Institute,  and  held  that  position  about  six 
years.  In  December,  IS.iS,  he  removed  to  Texas, 
and  became,  in  1850,  pastor  of  the  Austin  church, 
conducting  at  the  same  time  a  female  school.  In 
1857  he  was  chosen  Professor  of  Natural  Science 
in  Baylor  University.  In  18fil  he  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  Waco  University,  and  Professor  of 
Natural  Science  in  that  institution.  As  a  student 
in  theology,  geology,  botany,  and  astronomy  he 
had  no  superior,  and  probably  no  equal,  in  Tex:is. 
Governor   Richard  Coke,  knowing  his  eminence, 


BURLESOy 


164 


BURLESON 


gave  him  an  appointment  for  the  geological  survey 
of  Texas ;  but  he  resigned  this  position  after  one 
year"s  service,  as  it  conflicted  with  his  life  work  of 
founding  a  great  Baptist  university  for  Texas.  As 
a  teacher,  thousands  can  testify  that  his  zeal  and 
ability  were  never  surpassed.  Neither  private  in- 
terest nor  bodily  pains  ever  detained  Iiim  from  the 
post  of  duty  for  twenty-three  years.  lie  con- 
tributed largely  to  the  great  success  of  Baylor  and 
Waco  Universities;  to  the  latter  of  which  he  gave 
eighteen  years  of  toil  and  sacrifice,  and  intense 
anxiety  for  its  firm  establishment. 

He  was  a  preacher  of  distinguished  ability,  and 
a  teacher  eminently  qualified  for  his  work.  Ilis 
piety  was  ardent,  his  life  was  holy,  and  his  death 
was  blessed.  The  hymn  which  was  sung  several 
times  at  his  rerjuest,  at  his  expiring  couch,  showed 
the  character  of  his  dying  exercises : 

"  How  firm  a  foundation,  ye  saints  of  the  Lord, 
Is  laid  for  your  faith  in  his  excellent  Word  V* 

A  procession  of  carriages  a  mile  in  length  fol- 
lowed his  remains  to  their  last  resting-place,  and 
sorrow  filled  thousands  of  hearts  for  the  loss  that 
had  fallen  upon  the  university,  the  churches,  and 
the  whole  State. 

Burleson,  Rufus  C,  D.D.,  the  son  of  Jonathan 
Burleson,  was  born  near  Decatur,  Ala.,  Aug.  7, 
1S23.  lie  was  converted  on  the  21st  of  April, 
1839,  and  baptized  the  following  Sabbath  by  Rev. 
William  H.  Holcombe. 

AVhile  a  student  in  Nashville  University  in  1840 
he  abandoned  his  aspirations  for  legal  eminence, 
and  from  deep  convictions  of  duty  devoted  his  life 
to  the  ministr}'.  lie  was  licensed  to  preach  Dec. 
12,  1840,  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Nashville, 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Howell. 
Recommenced  preaching  immediately,  though  only 
seventeen  years  old.  but  did  not  relax  any  of  his 
devotion  to  study.  He  was  ordained  "with  prayer 
and  fasting"  June  8,  1845.  He  graduated  in  the 
AVestern  Baptist  Literary  and  Theological  Institute, 
Covington,  Ky.,  June  10,  1847.  During  all  these 
seven  years  of  laborious  preparation  for  the  min- 
istry he  preached  almost  every  Sunday,  and  scores 
■were  converted  under  his  preaching. 

A  few  months  after  graduating  he  was  elected 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Houston, 
Texas,  to  succeed  that  great  and  good  man,  William 
M.  Tryon,  who  had  died  of  yellow  fever.  During 
the  three  and  a  half  years  of  his  pastorate  the 
church  became  self-sustaining,  paid  off  a  heavy 
mortgage,  became  the  largest  in  the  city,  and 
the  most  liberal  in  the  State.  His  zeal,  learn- 
ing, piety,  and  eloquence  placed  him  in  the  front 
rank,  and  for  more  than  thirty  years  he  has  acted 
a  conspicuous  part  in  every  great  social,  religious, 
and  educational  enterprise  in  Texas.  Though  at- 
tacked by  yellow  fever  he  stood  firmly  at  his  post. 


He  was  elected,  .June,  1851,  president  of  Baylor 
University,  to  succeed  Dr.  H.  L.  Groves.  Though 
ardently  devoted  to  his  church  at  Houston  and 
peculiarly  fitted  for  the  pulpit,  he  felt  the  glory  of 
Texas  and  the  success  of  his  denomination  de- 
manded a  great  Baptist  university,  hence  he  con- 
secrated himself  to  the  work.  Though  he  had  the 
hearty  co-operation  of  such  eminent  men  as  Gen. 
Houston,  Gov.  Ilorton,  Judges  Lipscomb,  Wheeler, 
and  Baylor,  he  knew  it  was  a  herculean  task  that 
would  rei[uire  a  long  lifetime.  At  once  Baylor 
University  became  one  of  the  leading  institutions 
of  the  South,  and  continues  so  till  now. 

While  pastor  at  Houston  he  baptized  Mrs.  Dick- 
enson, the  heroine  of  the  Alamo,  and  while  pastor 
at  Independence  he  baptized  Gen.  Houston,  the 
hero  of  San  Jacinto. 

In  1801  he,  with  his  brother.  Dr.  Richard  Burle- 
son, and  the  entire  faculty  associated  with  him  in 
Baylor  University,  desiring  a  central  and  accessible 
location  in  the  wheat  region,  removed  to  the  city 
of  Waco  and  inauirnrati-d  AVaco  University.     Tliis 


RLTUS   C.  lltRI,E.SOX.  D.D. 

institution  at  once  ro.<e  to  distinction.  Dr.  Burleson 
is  a  firm  believer  in  co-education,  and  is  the  pioneer 
in  the  great  movement  in  the  Southwest.  He  has 
instructed  over  2800  young  men  and  ladies. 

Dr.  Burleson's  characteristics  arc  fixedness  of 
purpose,  amiability  of  manners,  generosity,  and 
courage.  From  these  characteristics  it  is  not 
strange  that  every  church  of  which  he  has  been 
pastor,  and  every  college  over  which  he  has  pre- 
sided, has  prospered.     His  advice  and  co-operation 


liUliLlNGIIAM 


165 


BIJRMAH 


are  frequently  sought  on  educational  questions  in 
Texas. 
Burlingham,  Aaron  H.,  D.D.— Dr.  Burling- 

luiin  was  liui-n  Fi-1..  IS.  l>:^li.  in  I'astili-.  X.  Y.  He 
was  graduated  from  Madison  University  in  1848, 
and  from  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Hamilton  in 
1S50,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  over  the  Grant  Street  Baptist  church  of 
Pittshurgh,  Pa.  After  one  year  he  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  ISaptist 
church  of  Owego.  X.  Y.  Two 
years  afterwards  he  took 
charge  of  the  Harvard  Street 
Baptist  church,  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1>*.')3  he  was  chosen 
chaplain  of  the  State  Senate. 
In  IS.'jO  he  moved  to  Xew 
Y^ork,  and  Ijccame  pastor  of 
the  South  Baptist  cliuroh. 
This  settlement  continued 
nine  years,  hut  the  labor  was 
so  arduous  that  ho  resigned 
and  went  to  F.uro|ie.  For  sev- 
eral months  he  filled  the  pul- 
pit of  the  celebrated  Ameri- 
can chapel  in  Paris.  After  a  year's  residence 
abroad  visiting  various  places  of  historical  interest 
he  returned,  and  accepted  a  call  from  the  Second 


the  Bible,"  delivered  in  St.  Louis,  attracted  great 
attention,  and  was  highly  spoken  of  by  the  secular 
press. 

From  St.  Louis  he  went  to  Brooklyn,  X.  Y'.,  and 
took  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Willowliv  Avenue 
Baptist  church,  and  in  1879  he  was  chosen  district 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union  for  Xew  York. 

Burlington  Collegiate  Institute,  at  Burling- 


laiuuij^fi 


^'^^^ 


.\AltO.\    II.   IIIRI.IXOII AM,    II. D. 

Baptist  churcli  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  This  command- 
ing position  ho  held  for  several  years,  with  credit 
to  himself  and  the  continual  growth  of  the  church. 
As  a  lecturer  he  drew  large  and  delighted  audi- 
ences.    His  course  of  lectures  on  the  "Women  of 


BURLIXGTOX   COLLEGI.VTE    INSTITUTE. 

ton,  Iowa,  was  located  by  the  vote  of  an  F.duca- 
tional  Convention  of  the  Baptists  of  Iowa,  held  at 
Iowa  City  in  18.52.  ami  incorporated  under  the  name 
of  Burlington  University.  It  is  situated  on  a  beau- 
tiful slope  on  the  west  of  the  city.  The  building  is 
65  by  45  feet,  with  a  wing  in  the  rear  .''lO  by  .30  feet, 
all  three  stories  high,  of  brick,  and  trimmed  with 
stone.  The  campus  contains  several  acres  covered 
with  a  fine  growth  of  native  shade-trees.  The  city 
,has  so  extended  its  limits  and  increased  its  popula- 
tion that  the  school  is  now  aliout  the  centre,  and 
occupies  a  very  commanding  |iosition.  It  is  now 
in  first-class  conditi(m,  with  a  good  telescope,  chemi- 
cal laboratory,  and  philosophical  apparatus,  and  a 
well-selected  library.  The  buildings  and  grounds 
are  worth  .*40,0(10,  and  the  institution  has  a  small 
endowment,  and  it  has  no  encumbrance  of  any 
kind. 

The  present  officers  of  the  board  of  trustees 
are  Hon.  J.  M.  Beck.  President:  Rev.  E.  C.  Spin- 
ney. Vice-President ;  Hon.  T.  W.  Newman,  Secre- 
tary :  F.  T.  Parsons,  Treasurer  :  and  E.  F.  Stearns, 
A.M..  Principal  of  the  Institute. 

Burmah. — Tiie  Barman  Mission,  being  the  first 
established  by  the  Baptists  in  .\merica,  will  always 
occupy  a  peculiar  place  in  their  regards.  Burmah 
is  that  part  of  India  beyond  the  Ganges  which  lies 
between  Hindostan  on  the  west  and  China  on  the 
east.  The  population  is  probably  not  far  from 
10.0CO.O(K1,  a  third  of  this  number  speaking  the 
Burmese  language.  The  government  is  a  despotic 
monarchy,  and  the  religion  Buddhism,  ''one  of 
the  most  ancient  and  wide-spread  superstitions  ox- 


BUR  M AH 


166 


nURMAH 


isting  on  the  earth,  and  one  which,  in  its  various 
branches,  holds  beneath  its  slooniy  sway  the  minds 
of  a  third  of  tlie  human  race."  The  mission  to 
Burmah  was  commenced  hy  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jiidson 
in  1813,  at  Kanf;oOn,  the  principal  seaport  of  the 
empire.  The  formal  appointment  of  Mr.  Judson 
as  a  missionary  of  the  Baptist  Triennial  Conven- 
tion was  made  in  May,  1814.  The  first  work  of 
the  new  missionary  was  the  preparation  of  a 
tract  on  the  nature  of  the  Christian  religion,  with 
a  brief  abstract  of  its  leading  doctrines.  On  the 
15th  of  October,  1816,  Rev.  Mr.  Hough  and  wife 
joined  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  at  Rangoon.  Mr. 
Hough  was  a  practical  printer,  and  he  addressed 
himself  at  once  to  the  printing;  of  portions  of  the 
Scriptures  and  short  religious  treatises  to  be  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  natives,  whose  curiosity  was 
awakened  to  see  the  sacred  books  of  the  new  re- 
ligion. Four  years  pa.ssed  before  the  first  sincere 
inquirer  came  to  Mr.  Judson  to  ask  after  the  way 
of  salvation.  He  found  the  Saviour,  and  was  bap- 
tized at  Rangoon,  -June  27,  1819.  From  that  time 
the  missionaries  had  persecution,  discouragement, 
and  progress  marking  their  experiences ;  but  view- 
ing all  the  facts  in  their  history,  the  mission  in 
Burmah  has  enjoyed  much  prosperity. 

The  Karen  Mission  is  bound  up  with  the  mission 
to  the  Burmese  by  geographical  ties. 

The  word  Karen  means  tcild  tnan,  and  applies 
to  a  rude  people  who  are  scattered  over  the  moun- 
tains and  forests  of  Burmah,  Siam,  and  the  adja- 
cent countries.  They  are  divided  into  several  tribes, 
the  chief  of  which  are  the  S'gau  and  P.wo.  They 
have  been  the  subjects  of  cruel  oppression,  espe- 
cially by  the  Burmese,  who  have  compelled  them, 
for  a  long  time,  to  act  about  as  if  they  were  their 
slaves,  exacting  from  them  the  hardest  tasks,  and 
forcing  from  them  large  tributes  of  money.  Their 
life,  in  consequence  of  the  cruelties  inflicted  upon 
them,  has  been  a  nomadic  one,  and  they  hide  them- 
selves away  in  jungles  and  mountainous  retreats 
to  escape  from  the  persecutions  of  their  enemies. 
In  many  respects,  even  before  they  were  reached  by 
the  civilizing  influences  of  Christianity,  they  were 
said  to  be  superior  to  the  Burmese,  who,  in  a  special 
manner,  were  their  foes.  Whence  these  people 
originated  is  not  definitely  known.  By  some  they 
are  supposed  to  have  been  the  aborigines  of  the 
country,  while  others  regard  them  as  immigrants 
from  India. 

At  the  time  the  Karens  came  into  special  notice 
by  the  contact  of  American  missionaries  they  did 
not  seem  to  have  any  well-defined  form  of  religious 
belief,  nor  any  distinct  priesthdod.  There  were 
among  them  some  remarkable  traditions,  which 
strikingly  corresponded  with  the  teachings  of  the 
Bible,  as  the  account  of  the  creation  of  man,  the 
tt-mpt;ition  in  the  garden  of  Eden,  the  deluge,  etc. 


They  had  also  some  prophecies  which  pointed  on 
to  happier  times  when  they  should  no  lunger  be 
degraded,  but  should  be  lifted  up  out  of  the  conili- 
tion  in  wliich  for  so  long  a  time  they  had  groaned. 
Among  such  a  people,  apparently  so  well  prepared 
to  receive  the  gospel,  the  missionaries  were  wel- 
comed most  heartily. 

The  first  Karen  converted  and  baptized  was  Kn 
Tha-byu ;  this  occurred  in  1828.  He  was  a  man 
of  middle  age,  once  a  slave,  whose  freedom  had 
lieen  purchased  by  the  missionaries  ;  his  conversion 
commenced  the  Karen  Mission,  so  greatly  honored 
of  God.  In  1831,  Mr.  Boardman  visited  the  jungle 
homes  of  the  Karens,  after  conversing  with  many 
of  them  at  his  own  residence,  and  |)roiiched  Jesus 
to  them. 

Without  any  further  reference  to  the  race  dis- 
tinction between  Karens  and  Burmese,  we  will  state 
that 

The  Rangoon  Mission  was  estaldisbcd  in  1813, 
and  in  1880  it  had  25  missionaries,  71  natiie 
preachers,  ',(8  churches,  and  4031  members. 

The  Maulmaiii  Mission  was  established  in  1827, 
and  at  that  station  there  are  19  missionaries,  23 
native  preachers,  18  churches,  and  1240  members. 

The  Tavoy  Mission,  founded  in  1828,  has  3  mis- 
sionaries, 20  native  preachers,  21  churches,  and 
1038  members. 

The  Bassein  Jlission,  commenced  in  1840,  has 
12  jnissionaries,  142  native  preacliers,  90  churche.--, 
and  7808  members. 

The  Henthada  Mission,  instituted  in  1853.  has 
1  missionary,  45  native  preachers,  58  churches, 
and  1998  members. 

The  Swaygyeen  Mission,  begun  in  1853,  has  4 
missionaries,  24  native  preachers,  23  churches,  and 
8G7  members. 

The  Toungoo  Mission,  started  in  1853,  has  14 
missionaries,  98  native  preachers,  117  churches, 
and  3910  members. 

The  Thongzai  Mission,  the  foundations  of  which 
were  laid  in  1855,  has  2  missionaries,  10  native 
preachers,  3  churches,  and  297  members. 

The  Prome  Mission  was  commenced  in  1854,  and 
has  3  missionaries,  7  native  preachers,  3  churches, 
and  225  members. 

The  Zeogong  Mission,  establislicd  in  I87f),  has 
1  missionary,  2  native  preachers,  2  churches,  and 
110  members. 

The  Bhamo  Mission,  founded  in  1877,  has  4 
missionaries,  6  native  preachers,  and  10  members. 

The  missions  among  the  Burmese  and  Karens 
have  88  missionaries,  448  native  preachers,  433 
churches,  and  21,594  members.  This  is  just  ahout 
half  our  missionary  strength  in  the  East,  in  lahnr- 
ers  and  baptized  converts,  and  we  have  nui'  gar- 
nered harvests  in  Sweden,  Germany,  and  Fiance 
besides. 


BURN 


167 


BUllXIIAM 


The  translation  of  the  whole  Bible  into  the  Bur- 
mese language  was  completed  Jan.  31,  1834.  A 
Karen  newspaper,  The  Mornhuj  Slur,  was  estab- 
lished at  'J'avoy  in  September.  1N41.  The  whole 
New  Testament  was  issued  in  Kari'n.  Nov.  1,  1S43, 
and  the  entire  Bible  in  January,  IS.Jl.  In  1857 
all  the  Karen  churches  concluded  to  support  them- 
selves, and  the  mission  churches  in  Burmah  are 
among  the  most  liberal  contributors  to  send  the 
gospel  to  the  heathen.  Books  for  schools  and  a 
Christian  literature  have  been  created  by  the  mis- 
sionaries in  Burmah,  and  the  unprejudiced  ob.server 
of  their  labors  cannot  fail  to  regard  them  as  the 
benefactors  of  the  races  for  whose  welfare  they 
have  toiled  and  sacrificed  so  much.  Schools  of 
various  grades  have  been  established  for  the  educa- 
tion of  the  people,  in  which  large  numbers  receive 
instruction  from  accomplished  and  godly  teachers; 
and  a  theological  seminary  was  established  in  Maul- 
main  in  1844,  which  was  subsequently  removed  to 
Rangoon,  which  has  trained  a  large  number  of 
native  ministers  and  teachers  for  the  Karens.  A 
sketch  of  this  institution  will  be  found  in  the  article 
"Rangoon  College."  Nowhere  in  the  whole  range 
of  modern  missionary  toil  have  Christian  laliors 
among  the  heathen  been  more  signally  blessed  than 
in  Burmah. 

Burn,  Rev.  W.  G.,  was  liom  in  riuilford  Co., 
N.  C,  April  4,  1820  ;  baptized  Ijv  Barton  Koby, 
Sept.  20,  1840;  ordained  in  1843;  has  been  pastor 
of  Flat  Rock  church  for  twenty-seven  years;  has 
baptized  1201)  souls,  constituted  5  churches,  and 
aided  in  the  ordination  of  25  ministers ;  was  mod- 
erator of  the  Yadkin  Association  for  several  years, 
and  has  three  sons  in  the  ministry. 

Burnett,  Robert  H.,  long  president  of  the  Lou- 
isiana Baptist  Convention,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina in  1812,  and  in  1837  united  in  the  constitution 
of  Mount  Lebanon  church,  the  first  church  organ- 
ized in  Northeastern  Louisiana ;  was  also  for  many 
years  moderator  of  Red  River  Baptist  Association. 

Burney,  Thomas  J.,  greatly  distinguished  and 
honored  among  Georgia  Baptists  for  liis  able  and 
successful  management  of  the  tinances  of  the  Geor- 
gia Baptist  Convention  for  a  long  series  of  years, 
during  which  he  acted  as  treasurer  of  that  body, 
was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  April  29,  ISdl.  lb'  died 
June  22,  1871),  most  of  his  life  having  been  spent 
in  Madison,  Ga.  When  young  he  bad  fair  educa- 
tional advantages  ;  was  for  a  time  !i  student  at  the 
famous  law  school  of  St.  George  Tucker,  Winches- 
ter, Va.,  and  for  a  brief  period  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  Although  he  served  in  the  Unite<l 
States  land-office  at  Cahawba,  Ala.,  for  some  time, 
and  was  all  bis  life  a  man  of  business,  yet  Mr.  Bur- 
ney was  distinguished  more  for  his  deep  religious 
convictions  and  for  his  usefulness  in  church  and 
educational    matters   than    for    eminence   in    any 


other  respect.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Adiel  Slier- 
wood  in  November,  1834,  and  for  forty  years  was 
an  active,  useful,  and  faithful  member  of  the  Madi- 
son church,  of  which  he  was  for  nuiiiy  years  deacon 
and  treasurer.  He  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  Georgia  Female  College,  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  for  that  institution  and  also  of  .Mercer 
University,  and  was  the  treasurer  of  the  uiiiversiiy 
and  a  member  of  the  Executive  and  Pruilential 
Committees  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  for 
many  years.     So  skillfully  did  he  maiuige  the  vast 


TUOHAS   J.  BLR.NLV. 

interests  intrusted  to  his  hands  as  treasurer  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention  and  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity that  his  brethren  gave  him  unlimited  au- 
thority over  all  the  funds.  He  was  a  man  of  firm 
purpose,  dauntless  resolution,  and  unswerving  in- 
tegrity, all  his  other  duties  yielding  to  bis  religious 
obligations.  He  was  calm,  .self-possessed,  temper- 
ate, and  thoughtful.  He  was  not  known  as  a 
speaker  in  the  conventional  meetings,  but  his  few 
and  pointed  words  ever  received  respectful  atten- 
tion. His  house  was  the  preacher's  home,  and 
from  its  altar  the  incense  of  morning  and  evening 
sacrifice  ascended  each  day.  His  death  was  calm, 
peaceful,  and  bapjiV. 

Bumham,  Prof.  S.,  A.M.,  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  Me.,  in  1862,  and 
from  the  theological  seminary  at  Newton,  Mass.,  in 
1873.  Pastor  at  Amherst.  Mass.,  1873-74  ;  teacher 
in  Worcester  Academy,  Worcester,  Mass..  in  1874  ; 
elected  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament 
E.xegesis  in  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1875,  which  position  he  still  retains. 


BURNS 


16S 


JiUJiUOi'GHS 


Bums,  Dawson,   K.A.,  son   of  Jabez  Burns, 

I). II.,  was  born  in  Lomlun  in  1S2.S.  lie  studied  at 
the  General  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  at  Leices- 
ter, and  eonunenced  liis  ministry  in  1850.  For 
several  years  Mr.  Burns  was  occupied  in  public 
work  in  connection  with  the  temperance  movement. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  co-pastor  with  his  father, 
after  whose  death  he  succeeded  to  the  sole  charge. 
Mr.  Burns  is  widely  known  as  one  of  the  leaders  of 
the  L'nited  Kingdom  Alliance  for  the  suppression  of 
the  traffic  in  intoxicating  drinks,  a  society  which 
attracts  a  large  body  of  supporters  of  various  re- 
ligious and  (lolitieal  opinions,  and  wields  a  potent 
influence  in  Parliamentary  elections  in  the  large 
cities  and  towns. 

Burns,  Jabez,  D.S.,  for  nnmy  years  an  cuiinent 
minister  of  the  English  General  Baptists,  was  born 
in  Oldham,  Lancashire,  Deo.  18, 1805.  In  his  youth 
he  connected  himself  with  the  Methodists,  but  some 
years  later  he  was  baptized,  and  became  as.soeiated 
with  the  General  Baptists.  He  was  engaged  for 
some  years  in  lecturing  and  preaching  in  Scotland, 
mainly  in  connection  with  the  temperance  move- 
ment, of  which  throughout  life  he  was  an  able  and 
conspicuous  leader.  In  June,  1835,  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  London.  Here  for 
upwards  of  forty  years  he  labored  with  distinguished 
success.  He  also  wrote  and  jiulilished  largely,  his 
licst-known  works  being  "  Helps  to  Students  and 
Lay  Preachers"  and  "Manuals  lor  Devotional  Use 
and  Family  Worship."  He  visited  this  country  in 
1847  as  a  delegate  from  the  General  Baptist  A.sso- 
ciation  to  the  Free-Will  Baptist  Triennial  Confer- 
ence, and  also  in  .1872.  His  "Retrospect  of  a 
Forty  Years"  Ministry,"  published  in  1875,  gives 
an  interesting  description  of  the  moilcrn  progress  of 
religion,  temperance,  and  philanthropic  enterprises. 
In  recognition  of  his  merits  as  a  religious  writer, 
and  particularly  of  the  char.acter  of  his  "  Pulpit 
Cyclopaedia,"  the  AV'eslevan  University  of  Connect- 
icut conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  184G, 
and  in  1872  Bates  College,  Me.,  added  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  He  was  very  efficient  to  the  end  of  his  life, 
an<l  as  a  pre.icher  and  public  s)ieaker  he  was  highly 
esteemed.     He  died  Jan.  .31,  1876,  aged  seventy. 

Burr,  Normand,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
Oct.  5,  18U2  ;  bis  business  was  printing  and  jiub- 
lishing;  converti'il  in  1838,  and  united  with  the 
South  Baptist  church,  being  baptized  by  Rev. 
Robert  Turnbull,  D.D. ;  w.as  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Christian  Secretary,  with  others,  from  1840 
to  his  death,  Dec.  5,  1861.  He  had  two  children, 
a  son  and  a  daughter.  Mrs.  Sigourney.  the  poetess, 
wi'Ote  of  him.  and  wrote  truly, — 

"  We  knew  liini  a.<  ,i  man  (»f  slprliug  worth. 
Wliose  good  exiiiuple  ia  a  lp;:acy 
Better  than  gold  for  those  he  leaves  behind. 
His  inljorn  piety  flowed  fortli  in  streams 
Of  social  kindness  and  donie^tiL-  love." 


Burrage,  Rev.  Henry  S.,  was  born  in  Fitch- 
burg,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1861.  He  was  connected  with  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  six  years, — 1861- 
67.  For  three  years  during  the  late  war  he  was  in 
the  military  service  of  the  United  States.  His  ordi- 
nation took  place  in  December,  1869,  and  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Waterville,  Me.,  1870-73. 
He  became  in  1873  the  proprietor  and  editor  of 
Ziiin'n  Advocate,  a  weekly  religious  pa]ier  pub- 
lished in  Portland,  Me.,  and  still  holds  this  posi- 
tion. 

Mr.  Burrage  is  the  compiler  of  a  volume  enti- 
tled "  Brown  University  in  the  War,"  containing 
sketches  of  the  graduates  and  stu<lents  of  the 
university  who  were  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  in  the  late  civil  war,  and  he  is  the  author 
of  a  learned  work  entitled  "  The  Act  of  Bap- 
tism." 

Burroughs,  J.  C,  D.D.,  LL.D.— Dr.  Burroughs 
is  a  native  of  Western  Xew  York,  and  was  liorn 
in  the  year  1819.  His  literary  education  he 
received  at  Yale  College,  and  his  theological  at 
Hamilton.  His  first  settlement  as  pastor  was  at 
Waterford,  N.  Y.,  and  his  second  at  West  Troy, 
in  the  same  State.  He  soon  became  well  known  in 
Xew  York  as  an  efficient  pastor  and  a  highly  ac- 
ceptable preacher,  and  while  yet  in  the  early  part 
of  his  ministerial  career  he  was  called  upon  for 
special  service  on  important  occasions,  and  his 
counsel  sought  in  connection  with  the  management 
of  denominational  affairs.  In  the  year  1852,  after 
a  pastorate  of  some  ten  years  in  the  East,  he  was 
called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Chicago.  In 
the  same  month,  October,  1852,  that  Mr.  Burroughs 
began  his  labors  with  this  church  the  house  of 
worship,  built  in  1843,  was  burned.  Immediate 
measures  were  taken  for  the  erection  of  a  new  edi- 
fice upon  the  same  ground,  the  church  meanwhile 
worshiping  in  a  small  building  near  by.  The 
corner-stone  was  laid  July,  1853,  and  the  new  house 
dedicated  in  the  November  following,  a  ccunmodious 
and  tasteful  structure,  costing  $30,000.  In  con- 
nection with  the  labors  of  his  pastorate,  in  these 
circumstances  unusuall}'  exacting,  Mr.  Burroughs 
established,  in  association  with  brethren  Weston  and 
Joslyn,  the  weekly  Baptist  paper  in  Chicago,  the 
Christian  Times,  now  the  Stantlard.  having  i)ur- 
chased,  as  preliminary  to  this,  the  subscription  list 
of  the  paper  previously  issued  by  Rev.  Luther 
Stout,  The  Watchman  of  the  Prairies.  About  the 
year  1855,  the  presidency  of  ShurtlcflF  College 
having  become  vacant,  Mr.  Burroughs  was  strongly 
solicited  to  accept  that  post.  This  he  declined,  but 
an  opening  occurring,  providentially,  for  the  found- 
ing of  a  university  in  Chicago,  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty 
to  give  himself  to  this,  and  with  that  view  resigned 
his  pastorate  in  1856.     The  deed  of  ^ift  from  Sen- 


BURROUGHS 


\m 


BURROWS 


ator  Douglas  for  the  university  site  of  ten  acres 
was  procured  by  Mr.  Burroughs.  To  tliese  two 
men,  and  to  the  latter  certainly  not  less  than  the 
furiner,  the  Baptist  denomination  is  chicHy  in- 
debted for  the  university  at  Chicago.  Dr.  Bur- 
roughs was  the  first  president  of  the  university, 
holding  this  office  until  the  creation  of  that  of 
chancellor,  in  the  year  1876,  to  which  he  was 
elected.  Dr.  Lemuel  Moss  taking  the  prosi<lency. 
He  held  the  chancellorship  until  1878,  when  he  re- 
signed this  office  also.  During  the  early  years  of 
the  university  he  consecrated  himself  to  its  interest 
with  absolute  self-devotiim.  Large  amounts  were 
obtained  by  him  in  sulisciiptions  and  pledges, — 
much  of  it  lost  subsequently  through  the  financial 
disasters  which  made  collection  impossible,  but 
none  the  less  a  fruit  of  earnest  and  well-directed 
labor  on  his  own  part.  In  the  whole  work  of  uni- 
versity organization  he  of  course  largely  shared, 
while  in  the  department  of  instruction  the  (|Hality 
of  his  teaching  is  witnessed  by  the  strong  affection 
cherished  for  him  by  his  pupils  in  their  after-life. 
Dr.  Burroughs  still  has  his  residence  at  Chicago, 
although  his  official  connection  with  the  university 
has  ceased. 

Burroughs,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  bum  in  London, 
Englatiil,  Jan.  1,  168').  He  was  converted  and 
called  to  the  ministry  in  early  life,  and  for  the 
proper  discharge  of  a  pastor's  duties  he  received 
a  liberal  education  at  a  private  academy  in  London 
and  at  the  University  of  Leyden.  He  was  ordained 
May  1,  1717,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Paul's 
Alley,  Barbican,  London.  Here  he  labored  with 
great  success  and  untiring  faithfulness  for  more 
than  forty  years.  He  was  a  great  admirer  of  the 
'Word  of  God,  upon  the  e.Tposition  of  which  he 
e.tpended  liis  unusual  abilities  and  his  extensive 
learning.  He  had  a  special  desire  to  promote  the 
practical  duties  of  the  .Saviour's  religion,  and  to 
secure  as  far  as  possible  a  church  wholly  conse- 
crated to  God.  He  was  a  warm  friend  to  the 
cause  of  Christ  in  general,  but  to  the  Baptist 
churches  specially,  among  which  he  was  one  of 
the  most  popular  men  of  his  day.  Though  a  Chris- 
tian of  the  largest  charity  he  believed  that  bap- 
tism was  a  prerequisite  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  and 
his  faith  and  practice  walked  together  in  scriptural 
harmony.  Towards  the  close  of  life  he  manifested 
a  spirit  of  extraordinary  humility,  charging  him- 
self with  many  defects  and  relying  for  salvation 
wholly  upon  the  mercy  of  God.  He  passed  from 
earth  without  a  strugi;le  on  the  23d  of  November, 
17t)l,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year.  Jlr.  Burroughs 
was  a  General  Baptist. 

Burrows,  John  Lansing,  D.D.,  son  of  Samuel 

Burrows,  a   naval   oflicer  of  the  war  of  1812.  \vn.s 
born   in    New  York  in    1814.     His   father  died  of 
yellow  fever  at  Mobile  in  1S22.  after  which  he  be- 
12 


came  the  ward  of  his  grandfather,  Nathaniel  Bur- 
rows, of  Bucks  Co..  Pa.,  who  educated  him  with 
much  care.  He  finished  his  education  at  Andover, 
Msuss.  In  1835  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
Poughkeepsie,  and  became  assistant  pastor  of  a 
church  in  New  York  City.  In  1836  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  and  engaged  in  teaching  at  .Shclbyville, 
and  subsequently  at  Klizabethtown.  In  1839  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  at  Owensborough.  and 
also  organized  and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Hen- 
derson. In  1840  be  became  paster  of  Sansom  Street 
church  in  Philadelphia.  In  1844  he  founded  the 
Broad  Street  church,  same  city,  and  was  its  suc- 
cessful pastor  for  ten  years.  In  1854  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Ki<b- 
mond,  Va.,  a  relation  which  he  sustained  lor 
twenty  years.  He  returned  to  Kentucky  in  1874, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Broadway  Baptist  church 
in  Louisville,  where  he  still  ministers  (1880). 

Dr.  Burrows  has  a  national  fame  as  .a  graceful 
and  eloquent  pulpit  orator,  an  easy,  elegant  writer, 
and  a  man  of  varied  learning  and  extensive  read- 
ing, and,  best  of  all,  Dr.  Burrows  has  been  one  of 
the  most  useful  men  in  the  ministry  of  our  denom- 
ination. 

Burrows,  Rev.  Silas,  son  of  Amos  and  Mary 
(Rathbone)  Burrows,  was  born  in  Groton,  Conn., 
in  1741.  His  father,  educated  in  the  standing  or- 
der, became  a  speaker  among  the  Liberalists.  or 
New  Lights.  His  brother  Amos  became  a  licensed 
Baptist  preacher.  Silas  w.is  converted  when  about 
twenty-three  years  of  age,  under  the  [vreacbing  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Reynolds,  a  Baptist  from  Norwich,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Groton,  which  chose  him  as  their  leader. 
He  was  ordained  about  1765,  and  held  the  pastoral 
office  of  the  church  for  fifty-three  years.  Amid 
the  agitations  resulting  from  the  great  awaken- 
ing, the  Revolutionary  war,  and  the  inroads  of 
infidelity,  he  stood  firmly  by  the  truth  and  the 
cause  of  liberty.  He  had  two  brothers  captured  in 
Fort  GriswoM.  During  the  powerful  revival  of 
1783-83  several  of  his  children  were  converted, 
among  them  Daniel  and  Roswell,  who  afterwards 
became  preachers.  His  ministry  was  crowned  by 
another  mighty  reformation,  beginning  in  .January, 
1809,  and  extending  through  eighteen  months, 
during  which  he  baptized  130  persons.  He  married 
first,  Mary  Smith,  and  second,  Mrs.  Phebe  (Deni- 
son)  Smith.  Of  sound  native  talents,  ardent  piety, 
eminently  prayerful  spirit,  plainness  of  speech,  and 
firmness  of  purpose,  he  made  strong  and  permanent 
impressions  upon  the  people.  He  was  a  wise 
builder.  lie  fell  asb'ep  in  1818.  aged  seventy- 
seven  years,  and  was  buried  in  his  own  cliurch- 
yard. 

Burrows,  Rev.  Roswell,  son  of  Rev.  Silas  Bur- 
rows, was  born  in  Groton,  Sept.  2,  1768.      He  was 


BURROWS 


170 


HUSH 


converted  while  a  ineroliaiu's  clerk  at  Gniiloi'd, 
Conn.,  wlien  home  on  a  visit.  Thouijh  he  beeauie  a 
suceesslui  merchant  in  llopkinton,  11.  I.,  lie  finally 
returned  to  the  home  of  his  father  in  Groton. 
where  he  yielded  to  his  convictions  and  the  per- 
suasions of  his  brethren,  and  received  ordination  in 
August,  lHOf),  as  associate  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Groton,  with  his  honored  and 
aued  father,  whose  place  he  filled  after  ISllS,  when 
his  father  died.  After  his  ordination,  by  appoint- 
ment from  the  Groton  Union  Conference,  he  spent 
several  months  in  a  missionary  tour,  riding  more 
than  1300  miles,  and  preaching  once  or  twice  daily, 
givin;;  a  great  imjiulse  to  the  cause  of  missions  in 
the  churclies.  He  was  always  active  and  efficient 
in  the  Groton  Union  Conference,  and  in  the  Ston- 
ington  Union  Association.  Through  his  instru- 
mentality a  church  was  organized  in  Preston, 
Conn.,  in  1812.  lie  also  labored  somewhat  at 
Greenport,  L.  I.,  and  in  Western  New  York,  on 
missionary  tours.  In  his  later  years  he  was  aided 
in  his  own  pulpit  by  Revs.  Erastus  Dennison  and 
Ira  R,  Stewai'd.  His  ministry  at  home  was  at^ 
tended  with  seven  special  revivals,  and  lie  baptized 
635  persons,  and  preached  2886  times.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-one  he  married  Jerusha  Avory,  and  was 
the  father  of  seven  children,  one  of  whom  became 
a  member  of  Congress.  lie  died  May  28,  1837, 
in  his  sixty-ninth  year.  His  funeral  sermon  was 
preached  by  Rev.  Daniel  AVildmah,  of  New  London. 
He  was  buried  in  the  church-yard  by  the  side  of 
liis  father. 

Burrows,  Roswell  S.,  a  prominent  layman  of 
Albion,  N.  Y.,  was  born  in  Groton,  Conn.,  Feb.  22, 
1798.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Rev.  Silas  Burrows 
and  son  of  Rev.  Roswell  Burrows,  one  pastor  for 
fifty-three  years  and  the  other  for  thirty-five  years 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Groton.  He  en- 
tered the  Sophomore  class  of  Yale  College  at  the  .age 
of  twenty-one.  lie  was  compelled  to  leave  college 
in  the  middle  of  the  junior  year  by  reason  of  con- 
tinued ill  health.  In  1867  the  college  conferred  on 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  In  1824  he  es- 
tablished himself  in  Albion,  N.  Y.,  where  he  still 
lives,  having  been  for  the  last  ten  years  the  oldest 
resident  of  the  place. 

He  is  distinguished  chiefly  fur  remarkable  busi- 
ness talents,  having  been  connected  with  numerous 
large  public  and  private  enterprises,  which  have 
yielded  him  an  ample  fortune.  He  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  university  and  seminary  at  Roches- 
ter through  all  their  history,  and  gave  the  latter 
institution  "The  Neander  Library,"  now  valued  at 
$20,000.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives. 

Burton,  Rev,  John,  wa,s  born  in  1760  in  Eng- 
land. He  came  to  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1792. 
He   visited    the   United    States,   embraced   Baptist 


principles,  and  was  Iwiptizcd  here.  He  returned 
to  Halifax,  June  17,  1793,  and  administered  the 
first  baptism  witnessed  there  the  following  August 
24.  He  organized  a  Baptist  church  in  that  city  in 
,  1795,  the  second  one  organized  in  the  jirovinces. 
Mr.  Burton  continued  as  its  pastor  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  Feb.  6,  1838.  He  was  a  Christian 
gentleman,  useful  in  the  community  in  which  lie 
labored,  ami  enjnying  the  respect  and  love  of  those 
around  him. 

Burton,  Nathan  Smith,  D,D.,  was  born  at 
Manlius,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5,  1,S21  :  baptized  by  Rev.  I. 
Hall,  at  Akron,  O.,  1843  ;  graduated  from  AVcstern 
Reserve  College  in  1846  ;  spent  one  year  at  Western 
Reserve  College  in  theological  study;  the  second 
year  at  Newton,  and  then  returned  as  classical  tutor 
to  Western  Reserve,  where  he  graduated  in  theology 
in  1850 ;  ordained  Nov.  6, 1850,  as  pastor  at  Elyrin, 
O.,  where  he  remained  until  1853.  After  a  short  pas- 
torate in  Cleveland  became  p.astor  at  Granville,  O., 
where  he  remained  until  1862.  While  pastor  here, 
in  1859,  established  the  Young  Ladies'  Institute,  In 
1862  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Akron,  0, ;  in 
1866,  of  the  church  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich, :  in  1871, 
of  the  church  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  In  1870  he  ac- 
cepted the  professorship  of  Philosophy  in  Kala- 
mazoo College,  but  on  account  of  the  failure  of  the 
endowment  resigned  the  following  year  and  re- 
turned to  Akron,  O.,  where,  as  pastor  of  the  church, 
he  still  remains. 

The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Denison  University,  in  1863.  He  is  univer- 
sally regarded  as  stamling  in  the  front  of  Ohio 
Baptists,  and  he  is  profoundly  interested  in  all  that 
pertains  to  the  interests  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 

Burton,  Rev,  William,  was  bom  in  Margaree, 
Cape  Breton  ;  baptized  by  Rev,  Joseph  Dimock  in 
1820;  ordained  July  20,  1828;  was  co-pastor  of 
Yarmouth  church  with  the  venerable  Harris  Hard- 
ing from  1S30  to  1S53  ;  then  pastor  at  Portland,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  and  at  Hantsport,  Nova 
Scotia,  where  he  died  in  1867,  An  earnest,  useful 
minister. 

Bush,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Lowville, 
Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y..  Feb.  1,  1810.  He  was  hupefully 
converted  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  baptized  in 
July,  1827.  He  devoted  some  time  to  the  work  of 
teaching,  and  feeling  that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach, 
he  entered  Hamilton  Theological  Institution  in 
183.5.  In  1838  he  received  a  call  from  the  Tyring- 
ham  and  Lee  church.  Mass,,  and  on  the  17th  of 
October  nf  this  year  he  was  ordained  as  the  pastor 
of  the  church.  He  labored  diligently  and  faith- 
fully, and  God  permitted  him  to  see  the  rich  fruits 
of  his  ministerial  toil.  His  ministry  was  a  short 
one.  In  the  spring  of  1.S42  he  was  forced  partially 
to  suspend  his  work.  He  preached  his  last  sermon 
July   30  of  this  year.     For  a  year  or  two  he  lin- 


BUSH 


171 


BVTLKR 


fiered,  a  f^reat  and  constant  sufferor.     Hf  liicfl  June 
17,  1S44. 

Bush,  Rev.  Alva,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Busti, 
CIiautaur|iia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  25,  IS.'JO.  lie  was 
the  second  son  of  Seldin  F.  Bush  and  Fiorina 
Blaoknian.  lie  was  converteil  and  joined  the  Bap- 
tist churoh  in  Biisti  in  1840,  under  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  E.  li.  Swain.  He  completed  his  education 
in  Burlington  University.  He  was  licensed  to 
fircnch  by  the  churcli  at  Strawberry  Point  in  1858, 
and  (H'dained  at  the  same  place  in  1859.  He  sup- 
plied the  church  one  year  dunng  an  interim  in  the 
pastorate  of  Kev.  Georj;e  Scott.  He  was  pastor  of 
tlie  church  at  Fayette  in  I860,  imparting  instruc- 


HEV.    AI.VA    BISH.    1,1,  D. 

tion  part  of  the  time  in  the  Upper  Iowa  University, 
during  which  Kev.  J.  E.  Clough  and  Hattie  Sunder- 
land, afterwards  Mrs.  Clough,  were  students  in 
that  institution,  and  part  of  the  time  members  of 
Mr.  Bush's  family. 

He  was  settleil  in  Osage,  and  opened  the  school 
which  was  to  be  the  Cedar  Valley  Semin.iry,  Jan- 
uary, 1863.  During  the  eighteen  years  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  seminary  he  served  the  Baptist 
church  of  Osage  as  pastor  something  over  ten 
years,  and  preached  regularly  at  out-stations  during 
the  rciiuiindcr  of  the  time. 

Sassy,  Rev.  B.  W.,  was  bom  and  brought  up  in 
Columbus,  (Ja.,  but  preached  for  years  in  Ilunts- 
ville  and  Mobile,  Ala.  He  is  now  the  able  pastor 
of  the  Americus  Baptist  church,  having  returned 
to  his  native  St.ate.  A  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
ability,  he  is  a  fine  pastor  and  preacher,  and  an 
elBcient  Sundav-scliool  worker. 


Bussy,  Hon.  James,  a  prominent  lawyer  at 
Bastrop,  La.,  was  bom  in  Georgia  in  1830.  Judge 
Bussy  is  a  striking  example  of  what  may  be  ac- 
complished under  almost  insurmountable  difficul- 
ties. In  early  life  an  incurable  paralysis  made 
him  a  helpless  dependent.  By  perseverance  he  de- 
veloped strength  in  his  arms,  and  acquired  the 
power  of  balancing  himself  on  crutches.  By  dint 
of  application  he  made  himself  an  intelligent  law- 
yer, and  has  risen  to  distinction  in  church  and 
state,  lie  has  made  it  a  rule  of  life  to  devote  one- 
tenth  of  his  gross  income  to  the  Lord.  Under  the 
blessing  of  God  he  has  prospered,  and  is  now  a 
man  of  wealth.  He  has  presided  as  moderator  of 
Bayou  Macon  Association  and  as  president  of  the 
State  Convention. 

Butler,  Rev.  David  E.,  who  has  deservedly 
been  greatly  honored  liy  the  Baptists  of  (jcorgia 
with  places  of  trust,  was  born  in  Wilkc;  County. 
When  a  young  man  and  a  practicing  lawyer,  in 
Washington,  Wilkes  County,  he  was  the  personal 
friend  of  Jesse  Mercer,  whose  will  he  wrote,  and 
whose  executor  he  was.  Mr.  Butler  is  a  graduate 
of  Mercer.  It  was  not  until  after  his  marriage  that 
he  felt  constrained  to  enter  the  ministry  ;  while 
living  on  his  farm  in  the  country  he  was  unable  to 
restrain  his  inclinations  to  point  sinners  to  the 
Lamb  slain  for  us  ;  he  gradually  became  convinced 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach,  and  he  submittal 
to  ordination,  and  entered  upon  the  ministry. 
He  has  been  an  eloquent  pleader  fur  Jesus  and  a 
good  preacher.  He  has  had  charge  of  various 
churches,  while  his  home  has  generally  been  at 
Madison.  Before  the  war  he  was  a  wealthy  planter, 
and  never  sought  remuneration  for  pulpit  services. 
Since  the  return  of  peace  he  has  maintained  his 
farming  interests,  not  being  dependent  on  the  min- 
istry. In  the  Central  Association  he  has  been  a 
ruling  spirit,  and  frequently  has  been  its  moderator, 
by  election.  For  five  years,  from  1872  to  1876,  in- 
clusive, he  was  president  of  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Convention  ;  for  many  years  he  has  been  the  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Mercer  Univer- 
sity ;  and  for  several  years  he  was  the  efficient 
editor  of  the  C/trinlian  Index.  Since  the  war  his 
influence  in  the  denomination  has  been  great  and 
beneficial,  and  he  has  almost  been  the  central  figure 
around  which  Georgia  Baptist  interests  have  gravi- 
tated. Mr.  Butler  is  an  eloquent  speaker  and  an 
exceedingly  reaily  man,  possessing  a  fine  command 
of  language.  He  is  universally  held  in  the  highest 
esteem,  and  amid  many  diversified  employments 
has  never  ceased  eloquently  to  proclaim  the  gospel. 
As  the  friend  of  education  and  missions,  the  friend 
and  supporter  of  Mercer  and  the  Convention,  he 
stands  out  in  bold  relief  in  the  denomination.  He 
is  exceedingly  popular  all  over  the  State,  among 
all  classes  and  denominations  :  his  name  has  been 


nUTLER 


172 


BYRON 


freely  spoken  of  in  connection  with  tlie  fiuberna- 
torial  office  of  Georgia. 

Butler,  Gov.  Ezra,  was  born  in  .Lancaster, 
Mass.,  in  September,  1703.  He  lived  for  some 
years  with  Dr.  Stearns,  of  Claremont,  N.  II.,  where 
he  had  the  management  of  a  large  farm.  In  his 
twenty-second  year  he  removed  to  Waterbury, 
Vt..  where  he  commenced  farming.  lie  was  almost 
literally  in  a  wilderness,  there  being  but  one  other 
family  in  the  whole  place.  Indeed,  tlie  whole  sec- 
tion was  but  little  better  than  a  dense  forest  for 
miles  in  every  direction.  When  he  was  twenty- 
seven  years  of  age  he  becann^  a  hopeful  Christian. 
His  conversion  was  a  remarkable  one,  and  plainly 
the  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  He  was  baptized  by 
"Elder"  Call  in  his  wilderness  home.  In  due  time 
Waterbury  attracted  to  itself  inhabitants,  and  to- 
wards the  end  of  the  year  1800  there  were  a  suffi- 
cient nunilier  of  persons  holding  Baptist  sentiments 
to  lead  to  the  formation  of  a  Baptist  churcli,  and 
Mr.  Butler  was  chosen  and  ordained  its  pastor, 
which  office  he  held  over  thirty  years. 

Being  a  person  of  superior  education  he  was 
called  to  fill  various  civil  offices,  as  town  clerk,  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  and  representative  for  several 
terms  to  the  General  Assembly  of  Vermont.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  was  chief  justice  for  Wash- 
ington County.  From  1813  to  181.5  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  and  for  two  years  he  was  governor 
of  the  State.  "  His  administration  as  governor  was 
distinguished  chiefly  by  a  vigorous  and  successful 
effort  for  the  suppression  of  lotteries,  and  by  some 
essential  improveinent  in  the  system  of  common 
school  education."  In  1836  he  officiated  as  one  of 
the  electors  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
Amidst  all  the  responsibilities  connected  with  the 
civil  trusts  committed  to  his  hands  ho  never  lost 
sight  of  the  higher  office  which  he  held  as  an  ambas- 
sador of  Christ.  While  he  was  governor  of  the  State 
an  extensive  revival  was  in  progress  in  his  own 
town,  in  which  be  took  the  deepest  interest,  his 
heart  being  greatly  gladdened  by  the  circumstance 
that  several  members  of  his  own  family  were  among 
its  fruits.  Gov.  Butler  died  July  ll!,  ISilS,  in  the 
seventy-fifth  year  of  liis  age. 

In  the  report  of  the  travels  of  Messrs.  Cox  and 
Iloby- — a  deputation  from  the  Baptist  churches  in 
England  to  the  Baptist  churches  in  this  country — 
we  find  the  following  extract  taken  from  Dr. 
Sprague's  "  Annals."    The  language  is  Mr.  Iloby's  ; 

•'At  Waterbury  I  paid  a  visit  to  Gov.  Butler, 
who,  yon  remember,  though  a  pastor  in  our  de- 
nomination, had  once  the  honor  of  being  governor 
of  the  State  of  Vermont.  His  eye  is  not  so  dimmed 
with  age  but  that  you  may  clearly  discern  that  it 
was  once  expressive  of  the  intelligence  and  energy 
equal  to  the  responsibilities  of  such  an  office,  how- 
ever undesirable  it  may  be  to  lilend  it  with  pastoral 


engagements.  Forever  let  his  name  be  honored 
among  those  who  steadfastly  determined  and  la- 
bored with  untiring  zeal  to  disencumber  the  State 
of  the  burden  of  a  religious  establishment,  and  re- 
ligion of  the  manifold  evils  of  State  patronage.  As 
he  walked  towards  the  town  he  told  me  that  fifty 
years  ago  he  cleared  the  first  spot  in  this  cultivated 
district,  whicli  was  then  all  wilderness.  Now  his 
children's  children  are  growing  up  around  him,  to 
inherit  the  land  and  the  liberties  they  owe  so  lit- 
erally to  their  fathers." 

Butterfield,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  liom  in  Andovor, 
Vt.,  Oct.  10,  1812 ;  removed  to  New  Ipswich,  N.  II,, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years:  was  bafitized  by 
Rev,  Asaph  Merriam  in  May,  1835,  and  studied 
for  a  short  time  in  Appleton  Academy,  New  Ips- 
wich, after  his  conversion.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  the  spring  of  1830,  and  was  ordained  in 
January,  1837,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Cicero, 
N,  Y,  He  remained  ten  years  in  the  Onondaga 
Association,  five  of  which  were  spent  in  Elbridge. 
Then  followed  nearly  ten  years  of  service  in  Os- 
wego, part  as  pastor  of  the  First  church,  and  then 
he  went  out  with  a  colony  which  formed  the  West 
church.  He  was  for  seven  years  pastor  in  Daven- 
port, Iowa,  also  served  for  brief  terms  in  Water- 
town,  N,  Y. ;  Adrian,  Mich.  ;  Hightstown,  N,  J,  ; 
Monroe.  Mich. ;  and  Grand  Rapids.  Then  for  six 
years  he  was  again  at  the  West  church  in  Oswego. 
In  1875  lie  yielded  to  an  urgent  appeal  from  the 
First  church  in  Jackson  to  come  to  them  in  a  time 
ol'  special  exigency,  and  for  five  years  he  gave  his 
service  with  great  self-devotion.  The  last  of  the 
five  years  Rev.  C.  E.  Harris  was  his  colleague. 
Mr.  Butterfield  now  resides  in  Grand  Rapids.  He 
has  been  a  laborious  worker  in  the  Lord's  vine- 
yard, and  has  counted  it  a  pleasure  to  serve  in 
fields  from  which  others  would  shrink.  His  influ- 
ence has  been  that  of  a  peaco-maker,  and  his 
churches  have  been  greatly  att.ached  to  him.  He 
was  married  Sept.  14,  1838,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Tcm- 
pleton,  of  Nortbfield,  Mass. 

Buys,  Rev.  James,  M.D.,  was  long  an  efficient 
minister  in  North  Louisiana.  He  was  born  in  Geor- 
gia in  1800  ;  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1848,  and  died 
in  Winn  Pas,  La.,  O.-t,  26,  lSf>7, 

Byron,  Deacon  Wm.  Henry,  a  native  of  New 
York  City,  where  he  was  born  June  21,  1808. 
His  father  died  when  be  was  a  child.  His  mother, 
a  lady  of  fine  mental  and  Christian  culture,  de- 
voted herself  to  his  early  training.  His  religious 
education  was  her  special  care.  His  mental  cul- 
ture she  intrusted  to  the  best  schools  of  the  city. 
When  of  a  suitable  age  he  was  placed  in  a  large 
mercantile  establishment,  and  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  family  of  one  of  the  partners,  who  be- 
lonsed  to  St.  George's  church.  New  York.  His 
Christian  influence  over  the  vouth  was  of  a  most 


BYRON 


173 


liYliOK 


marked  character,  and  liad  much  to  do  with  liis 
8iibse({iicnt  conversion.  At  eii;hteen  years  of  age 
ho  olitained  a  hope  in  Christ,  and  was  l)a[itized  hy 
Kev.  Dr.  Cone  into  the  fellowsliip  of  the  Oliver 
Street  Baptist  church,  of  wliich  lii.s  mother  had 
long  been  a  member.  lie  afterwards  connected 
himself  vrith  the  Amity  Street  Baptist  church, 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Dr.  Wm.  R.  Williams. 
In  March,  1S3.J,  he  removed  to  Painesvillo,  0., 
where  he  engajjed  in  Ijusiness  until  1S43,  when  he 
removed  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Here  lie  founded  a 
mercantile  establishment,  which  for  many  years 
was  one  of  the  most  extensive  in  the  city.  He 
continued  this  business  until  a  painful  disease 
compelled  him  to  retire  from  active  (jursuits. 

But  it  is  chieflj-  as  a  Christian  worker  that  Dea- 
con Byron  is  best  known.  Nature  had  given  him 
pre-eminent  qualifications  for  usefulness  in  the 
Sunday-school,  and  to  this  field  he  devoted  himself 
with  a  consecration  and  zeal  rarely  surpassed. 
Even  while  at  the  bead  of  a  large  and  extensive 
business,  taxing  all  bis  resources,  he  found  time 
to  labor  in  the  work  he  loved  so  well.  Deacon 
Byron's  active  Sunday-school  career  began  before 
his  conversion.  As  early  as  1822  he  was  a  teacher 
in  a  mission  school  in  New  York.  It  was  in  it 
that  James  Brainard  Taylor  was  converted,  and  in 
it.  Deacon  Wui.  H.  Byron  was  taught  his  sinfulness 
and  led  to  Christ. 

It  was  through  Deacon  Byron's  influence,  chiefly, 
that  the  Wisconsin  State  Sunday-School  Associa- 


tion was  formed  in  1846,  and  he  became  its  first 
president,  which  office  be  held  until  1853.  In  1800 
the  Wisconsin  Sunday-School  L'niun  was  formed, 
and  Deacon  Byron  was  elected  its  president.  One 
year  later  he  was  appointed  its  general  agent  and 
superintendent  of  its  work  in  the  State.  From  the 
spring  of  1861,  until  the  summer  of  18G4,  he  was 
actively  engaged  in  its  service,  and  although  almost 
entirely  without  the  use  of  his  limbs,  he  traveled 
thousands  of  miles  and  held  hundreds  of  Conven- 
tions, in  which  Ik^  made  aildresses.  Kvon  when  his 
disease  assumed  the  most  painful  and  alarming 
forms  he  continued  in  the  field.  Indeed,  so  great 
was  his  love  for  the  work  and  so  consuming  his 
zeal  in  it,  that  it  was  dear  that  he  could  not  re- 
main out  of  it,  and  that  he  should  die  with  the 
harness  on.  After  he  could  no  longer  walk,  he 
was  borne  in  the  arms  of  friends  to  institutes  and 
Conventions  and  Sunday-schools. 

He  died  at  Sparta,  Wis.,  Sept.  12,  1875,  to  whii-h 
place  he  had  been  removed  from  his  home  in  Mil- 
waukee. He  was  a  man  of  fine  endowments,  all 
of  which  from  the  hour  of  conversion  he  conse- 
crated to  Christ.  He  was  singularly  fortunate  in 
having  as  his  early  Christian  instructors  such  men 
as  Spencer  H.  Cone,  D.D.,  and  Wm.  II.  Williams, 
D.D.  He  had  a  profound  acfjuaintance  with  the 
Word  of  God.  He  devoted  to  the  Scriptures  the 
most  earnest  and  prayerful  study  thruugbdut  his 
life.  He  lived  lor  Christ  and  Christ  lived  in  him. 
He  died  in  great  peace,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 


CAVK 


174 


CALDicorr 


c. 


Cade,  Rev.  Baylus,  one  of  tJie  most  distin- ' 
guislieil  preachers  of  West  Virginiii,  was  born  Sept.  i 
3,  1844,  in    Biirboiir  County,  now  a  pait  of  West 
Virginia.     Up  made  a  profession  of  faith  and  was 


REV.    RAVl.US    CAriE. 

baptized  Der.  9,  lst>4.  In  Octol>er,  l^CS.  he  entered 
Richmond  College  a.s  a  student,  rcniaininj;  tliere 
until  June  30,  1860.  lie  was  ordained  in  1809  and  j 
bejran  his  work  as  a  minister,  and  lie  is  now  (1880) 
filling  one  of  the  most  important  positions  in  the  j 
State.  a<  pastor  of  Greenbrier  church  at  Alderson, 
to  which  work  he  is  devotinj;  all  his  time  and  en- 
ergy. Mr.  Cade  took  a  very  active  part  in  estab- 
lishing Shelton  College,  giving  liberally  to  its 
support,  and  inducing  others  to  follow  his  example. 
His  work  in  connection  with  this  institution  has 
been  very  laborious,  but  he  has  the  satisfaction  of 
enjoying  the  success  of  his  labors,  llis  extensive 
reading  and  retentive  memory,  united  with  great 
native  ability,  place  him  in  the  front  ranks  as  an 
organizer  and  leader  in  our  denominational  move- 
ments, and  in  his  ministerial  callinL'. 

Cain,  Rev.  Moses  Powel,  was  born  in  .Jefferson 
Co.,  Ga.,  Aug.  7.  18.36.  His  father,  -James  Cain, 
was  a  South  Carolinian  and  a  distinguished  deacon. 


His  mother  was  a  woman  of  great  piety,  and  thus 
it  happened  that  he  was  reared  in  the  fear  ol  God. 
In  1856  he  graduated  at  Peufield,  having  been 
converted  during  his  college  course.  For  several 
years  after  graduating  Mr.  Cain  taught  school ;  he 
was  ordained  in  1859,  and  from  that  time  to  the 
present  he  has  been  engaged  in  teaching,  preach- 
ing, and  farming.  At  present  he  resides  on  the 
old  homestead,  preaching  to  neighboring  churches. 
He  is  a  man  of  talent  and  of  deep  piety. 

Calahan,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  pastor  of  Hope, 
Ark.,  was  born  in  Alaliania  in  1S51  ;  graduated  at 
Union  University,  Tenn.  ;  ordained  in  1873  :  after 
preaching  some  time  in  his  native  State  he  became 
pastor  at  Monticello,  Ark.,  in  1877  ;  spent  one  year 
at  Longtown,  Miss.,  returned  to  Montic(dlo,  and  in 
1879  accepted  his  present  pastorate. 

Caldicott,  T.  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  village 
of  Lung  Buckley,  Xortljamptonshire,  England,  in 
March,  1803.  His  father  was  adeacon  in  the  Baptist 
church  in  Long  Buckley,  and  occasionally  officiated 
as  a  preacher.  In  1824,  Dr.  Caldicott  came  to 
Canada  as  the  tutor  to  the  children  of  some  military 
officers,  and  for  some  time  made  his  home  in  Quebec. 
He  taught  subsequently  in  Toronto  and  Kingston, 
where  his  services  commanded  the  patronage  of 
some  of  the  best  citizens  of  these  places.  In  1831 
he  became  connected  with  Madison  University  as 
a  student,  and  in  1834  was  ordained  as  p.astor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Lockport,  where  he  remained 
for  four  years,  when  he  was  called  to  the  jKistorate 
of  what  is  now  the  Dudley  .Street  church.  Boston 
Highlands,  then  Iloxbury,  and  continued  in  this  re- 
lation for  seven  or  eight  years.  Upon  resigning  his 
pastorate  in  Roxbiirv.  he  acted  for  some  time  as  the 
secretary  of  the  Northern  Baptist  Education  So- 
ciety, devoting  himself  with  great  zeal  to  the  cause 
of  ministerial  education.  Subsequently  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Charlestown,  and  of  B.ildwin 
Place  church  in  Boston,  and  then  removed  to 
Williamsburg,  N.  Y.,  from  which  place  he  re- 
moved to  Toronto,  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Bond  Street  Bajitist  church  It  was  in  Toronto 
that  he  died,  the  event  taking  place  July  9,  1869. 
Dr.  Caldicott  had  the  pleasing  art  of  making  warm 
friends.  He  was  eminently  of  a  happy,  social 
disposition,  and  his  very  presence  was  a  bene- 
diction. AVherever  he  was  settled  he  was  an  earnest, 
laliorious  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  Wiis  the  means 
of  introducing  a  Large  number  of  persons  into  tlie 


CALDHEIJ. 


175 


CALIFORNIA 


churches  to  which  he  ministercil.  It  is  [ilcasant  to 
pav  this  triliiite  of  afTeetion  to  liis  ineinorv. 

Caldwell,  Hon.  Robert  P.,  or  'I'lcnton.  Tcnn., 

was  Ijoiii  ill  .Vil;iii  I 'i>..  Ky..  I>ec.  |i),  1S:21  ;  hail  a 
public  school  ediK^ntion  :  studied  and  practiced 
law ;  was  in  the  lower  lirnncli  of  the  General  As- 
scmhly  of  Tennessee  in  1S47^8,  and  was  in  the 
upper  hranrh  in  lS5o-5f).  and  was  elected  attorney- 
general  in  the  sixteenth  judicial  circuit  of  Tennes- 
see in  1S.")S  :  was  major  in  the  I'^tli  Tcnn.  In- 
fantry of  the  Confederate  .service  ;  had  his  disaliili- 
tics  removed  by  act  of  Con;;ress ;  and  was  elected 
to  the  42il  Congress,  receiving  8227  votes,  against 
1848  votes  for  his  opponent. 

Hon.  Mr.  Caldwell  professed  religion,  and  was 
l)apti/,ed  by  Hev.  Dr.  Ilillsmaii  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Trenton  Baptist  church,  October,  ISii.'i.  and 
has  continued  a  reputable  and  useful  member  up 
to  this  writing,  1880. 

Mr.  Caldwell  is  a  gentleman  of  fine  intellect,  and 
stands  high  as  a  lawyer  and  as  a  Christian. 

Caldwell,  Samuel  L.,  D.D.,  president  of  Vassar 
College,  was  born  in  Xcwbiiiyport.  Mass.,  Nov.  13, 


SAMTEL    I..  r.U.nHF.I.I.,  1>.D. 

1S20.  His  ancestors  were  early  settlers  on  that 
coast.  lie  was  prepared  for  college  in  the  grammar 
school  of  his  native  town.  ,  After  a  four  years' 
course  he  was  graduated  from  Waterville  College, 
Me.,  in  1839.  On  leaving  college  he  took  charge 
of  the  .'Vcadcmy  lit  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H.  iSoon 
after  that  he  was  head-master  of  the  West  Grani- 
nmr  School,  of  Xewburyport,  for  three  years. 
After  teaching  three  years  he  entered  the  theo- 
logical seininarv  at  Newton,  M.iss..  where  he  was 


graduated  in  1845.  During  the  subseipiint  win- 
ter he  preached  for  the  Baptist  church  in  .Mix- 
andria,  Va.  In  the  spring  of  lS4ft,  he  took  charge 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Bangor,  Mich.,  and 
was  ordained  as  its  pastor.  The  union  continued 
twelve  years,  and  the  church  w;is  greatly  strength- 
ened. In  18.50  he  accepted  the  pa.storal  charge  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  whose 
pulpit  bad  liecn  vacated  by  the  death  of  James  N. 
Granger,  D.D.  After  a  ministry  of  over  fifteen 
years,  he  resigned  to  accept  the  professorship  of 
Church  History  in  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion. He  ably  filled  this  post  five  years,  and  on  the 
death  of  .John  H.  Raymond,  LL.D.,  the  president 
of  Vassar  College.  Dr.  Caldwell  was  elected  his 
successor,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  posi- 
tion in  September,  1858.  His  ability  and  special 
fitness  for  the  high  office  are  admitted  by  all,  and 
that  noble  educational  institution  will,  it  is  be- 
lieved, rise  to  still  grander  proportions  under  his 
administration. 

Caldwell,  William  B.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Co- 

lumliia,  Kv..  April  •>.  Islsi.  .\  fter  finishing  bis 
literary  education  he  studied  medicine  at  Le.tington, 
Ky.,  for  a  time,  graduated  in  that  science  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  located  in  his  na- 
tive town  in  1841.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Louis- 
ville, w^here  ho  rapidly  ai'quirod  one  of  the  most 
extensive  and  lucrative  practices  in  the  city.  This 
he  retained  until  failing  health  compelled  his  re- 
tirement.. He  confined  himself  strictly  to  his  pro- 
fession, and  thereby  acquired  a  large  fortune.  In 
1869  he  consented  to  fill  a  seat  in  the  Legislature 
of  his  State.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
in  Columliia  in  1837.  and  continues  a  faithful  and 
efficient  member.  He  has  been  prominent  in  the 
Executive  Board  of  the  General  Association  of 
Baptists  in  Kentucky  since  1846.  In  1837  he 
married  Miss  Ann  Augusta,  daughter  of  Hon. 
James  Guthrie,  who  was  also  a  Baptist,  a  woman 
of  intelligence,  culture,  and  piety,  and  whose  large 
estate  was  liberally  used  for  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Calhonil,  Hon.  J.  R,,  is  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist church,  Summcrsiile,  Prince  Edward's  Island, 
and  a  merchant  remarkable  for  his  excel  lent  abilities 
and  large  contributions  in  support  of  denomina- 
tional objects;  is  also  a  member  of  the  Prince  Ed- 
ward's I.slaiid  House  of  Assembly,  and  is  strong  in 
support  of  right  and  religion. 

California, — One  of  the  Largest  of  the  United 
States,  bordering  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  600  miles 
long  and  nearly  200  broad  ;  noted  for  its  immense 
productions  of  gold  since  1849.  its  abundant  har- 
vests of  wheat,  and  all  the  fruits  of  the  trojiics  ami 
temperate  zones.  All  Baptist  and  other  Protestant, 
as  well  as  Catholic  churches,  are  laying  foundations 
for  the  future.  Population  of  the  State  is  about 
1,000,000.     Baptists  began  their  work  in  California 


CALIFORNIA   COLLEGE 


176 


CALLAWAY 


in  1849.  They  now  have  121  churches,  with  nearly 
7000  meniljers,  1  college,  ij  academical  institutions,  j 
6  Associations,  1  weekly  paper.  The  Eeaiii/el,  and 
1  monthly,  The  Herald  of  Truth,  a  State  Conven- 
tion. College  and  Mission  Boards,  a  Woman's 
Home  Mission  and  a  Woman's  Foreiun  Mission 
Society,  a  State  Ministers'  Irustitute.  and  about  120 
ordained  ministers.  Tlie  cluirehes  are  most  of  them 
widely  scattered  and  not  wealthy.  (See  article  San- 
Francisco.) 

California  College,  Cal.— In  l.S70,  it  w.a.s  an- 
nounced at  the  mi'fting  of  the  Pacific  As.sociation, 
hold  at  Santa  Kosa,  that  the  property  of  the  Pacific 
Methodist  College  at  Vacaville  was  for  .sale.  A 
ciimmittee  appointed  to  make  inquiries  reported 
favorably  at  a  conference  in  Napa.  The  purchase 
was  made,  a  Baptist  Convention  was  called,  which 
organized  a  college  board,  obtained  a  charter,  and 
elected  Prof.  Mark  Bailey  president.  The  insti- 
tution was  opened  Jan.  4,  1871.  with  14  students. 
A  productive  endowment  fund  of  820,000  has  since 
been  raised.  The  sacrifices  incident  to  establishing 
a  college  in  a  new  State  have  endeared  the  institu- 
tion to  the  hearts  of  its  friends.  In  the  spring  of 
1873,  Dr.  A.  S.  Worrell  succeeded  Prof.  Bailey  as 
president;  in  November,  1875,  he  resigned,  and 
was  succeeded  Ijy  the  lamenteil  T.  W.  Greene, 
whose  death  occurred  in  1877.  Ilis  successor  was 
Rev.  S.  A.  Taft,  D.I).:  and  his  resignation  occurring 
in  1878,  Rev.  U.  Gregory,  D.D.,  entered  upon  the 
presidency  in  January,  1879.  Since  its  organiza- 
tion, 9.56  students  have  been  in  attendance  ;  38  have 
graduated  :  and  in  1880  the  number  of  students  was 
81.  The  college  is  beautifully  situated,  centrally 
for  the  State, — at  Vacaville,  Solano  County,  mid- 
way between  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento.  The 
locality  is  one  of  the  healthiest  in  California. 

Callaghan,  George,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Scotland, 
Jan.  29,  1827.  His  parents  emigrated  to  this 
country  in  1829.  He  was  baptized  at  West  Chester, 
Pa.,  by  Rev.  Alfred  Taylor,  March  5.  1845,  and  w.as 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  churches  at  Upland, 
First  West  Philadelphia,  and  Angora,  Philadelphia. 
He  is  extensively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods  at  the  last  pl.ace,  and  he  has  fur  many 
years  been  connected  with  various  educational  and 
missionary  boards.  The  church  at  Angora  was  or- 
g.anized  and  has  been  sustained  chiefly  through  the 
labors  and  benefactions  of  himself  and  his  brother, 
Robert  J.  Callaghan,  both  of  whom  were  among  its 
constituent  members.  These  brothers  are  noted 
for  being  among  that  class  of  wealthy  Baptists  who 
prefer  acting  as  their  own  executors  of  the  riches 
intrusted  to  their  stewardship:  hence  their  gifts  to 
denominational  and  other  religious  enterprises  have 
been  frequent  and  generous.  They  live  in  the  en- 
joyment of  visible  and  blessed  results. 

Callaway,  Rev.  Enoch,   a   distinguished    and 


very  useful  minister  of  Georgia,  was  born  in  AV'ilkes 
Countv.  Sept.  14.  1792.  He  was  cunvertcd  and 
baptized  in  Deceiiilier,  1808,  uniting  with  Sardis 
church,  at  which  he  was  ordained  Nov.  7,  1823. 
He  became  the  pastor  of  the  following  churches: 
Sardis,  Rehoboth,  County  Line,  Beaver  Dam, 
in  Wilkes  County,  and  of  Bairdstown  and  .Mill- 
town  churches,  in  Oglethorpe  County,  serving 
some  of  them  as  much  as  inenty-fivo  or  thirty 
years.  He  died  Sept.  12.  1859,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
seven,  of  an  affliction  which  continued  four  years. 
He  was  never  heard  to  murmur, 'so  wonderful  was 
his  patience.  Death  was  not  dreaded,  but  was  wel- 
comed by  him.  He  made  the  Bibb-  his  text-book, 
and  made  its  study  his  daily  occupation.  As  a 
pastor  he  was  faithful,  and  as  a  minister  be  was 
humble  and  unostentatious,  but  highly  useful,  from 
his  great  earnestness  and  sincerity.  His  preaching 
was  usually  extemporaneous,  combining  the  doc- 
trinal, practical,  and  experimental,  but  he  excelled 
in  exhortation. 

In  building  up  and  establishing  the  cause  of 
Christ  in  bis  field  of  labor  few  have  accomplished 
more.  Decidedly  missionary  in  principle  and 
practice,  and  a  thorough  Baptist  in  doctrine,  he 
left  his  impress  in  those  respects  wherever  he  la- 
bored. Of  his  numerous  offspring,  numbering 
now  about  300,  who  are  living,  it  is  said  that, 
without  exception,  they  are  all  profes-sed  Christians 
and  Baptists. 

Callaway,  Rev.  Joshua  S.,  was  born  in  Wilkes 
Co..  Ga.,  May  30,  1789.  He  was  the  son  of  Joshua 
and  Isabella  Callaway.  He  was  converted  when  a 
boy,  and  was  baptized  by  Jesse  Mercer,  Sept.  23, 
1809.  When  in  his  twentieth  ye:ir  he  moved  to 
Jones  County,  in  1818,  and  joined  the  Sardis 
church,  by  which  he  was  called  to  ordination  in 
1820.  He  preached  ten  years  in  Jones  County  with 
great  success,  and  then  removed  to  Henry  County. 
When  the  division  in  the  denomination  took  place 
he  sustained  mission  views  strongly,  and  under  his 
leadership  the  Flint  River  A.ssociation  took  decided 
missionary  grounds.  He  was  moderator  of  that 
Association  for  about  fifteen  years,  after  represent- 
ing it  in  the  State  Convention,  by  which  bodj'  he 
was  highly  respected.  Mr.  Callaway  was  a  pleas- 
ant and  persuasive  speaker,  with  a  winning  ad- 
dress. He  was  strongly  Calvinistic  in  faith,  and 
very  clear  and  scriptural  in  his  preaching.  He 
baptized  many  hundreds  of  converts  during  his 
ministry.  He  possessed  a  strong  will,  indomitable 
perseverance,  and  unflinching  integrity,  and  to  the 
day  of  his  death  maintained  an  unblemished  repu- 
tation.    He  died  at  .Jonesborough  in  the  year  18.54. 

Callaway,  Rev.  Pitt  Milner,  son  of  Rev. 
Joshua  .S.  Callaway,  was  born  in  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga., 
Oct.  10.  1812.  Settled  in  Macon  Co.,  Ala.,  in  1838. 
On  a  visit  to  Georcia  in   1S44  ho  united  with  the 


CALLA  W'A  Y 


177 


CAMPBELL 


church  of  which  his  father  was  pastor.  For  some 
years  after  this  he  resided  in  the  city  of  Eufaula, 
where  he  faithfully  served  as  deacun,  he  and  Gov. 
John  Gill  llorter  having  been  ordained  at  the  same 
time  and  serving  together.  He  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  at  Mount  Zion  church  in  Macon 
County  in  1857,  Revs.  S.  Henderson,  E.  Y.  Von 
Iloose,  and  F.  M.  Moss  forming  the  Presbytery. 
He  has  delivered  on  an  average  two  seriiinns  a 
week,  and  baptized  many  hundreds.  He  has  been 
pastor  of  a  number  of  the  most  influential  churches 
in  Southeast  Alabama.  Was  the  prime  mover  in 
the  origination  and  history  of  the  late  General 
Association  of  that  jiart  of  the  .State.  For  eighteen 
years  now  he  has  resided  at  Xewton,  Dale  County. 

Callaway,  Rev.  Wm.  A.,  was  born  in  Wilkes 
Co.,  Ga..  about  1804,  of  pious  Baptist  parents.  He 
grew  up  to  m.anhood  and  married  before  liis  con- 
version. He  was  ordained  in  1833  at  McDonough, 
and  soon  made  his  influence  felt  in  all  the  region 
around  by  his  zeal.  He  would  engage  in  pro- 
tracted meetings  day  and  night  for  weeks  and 
months  in  succession,  seeming  to  feel  no  weari- 
ness; in  truth,  he  was,  both  by  gifts  and  tempera- 
ment, admirably  suited  for  a  reviv.il  preacher.  He 
assisted  in  organizing  the  Central  Association,  and 
in  the  great  revivals  that  occurred  in  his  day  he 
was  the  modest  yet  able  coadjutor  of  such  men  as 
Sherwood,  Daw.son,  and  Campbell.  Tall  and  rather 
slender  in  person,  he  had  a  benign  expression,  an 
easy  and  natural  elocution,  and  he  was  a  sweet 
singer.  In  |>rotracted  meetings  he  often  became 
the  soul  of  the  meeting,  enchaining  attention  and 
going  right  home  to  the  consciences  of  the  impeni- 
tent by  the  simplicity,  fervency,  and  tenderness  of 
his  address.  His  pulpit  abilities  were  good  ;  his 
manner  ordinarily  was  grave  and  decorous.  He 
died  in  June.  ISO.'j.  and  left  two  able  sons  in  the 
ministry. — J.  M.  Callaway  and  .S.  P.  Callaway. 

Callender,  Rev.  Elisha,  son  of  Ellis  Callcnder, 
who  for  about  thirty  years  was  the  principal 
speaker  in  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  wjis 
born  in  Boston  in  1680.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  College  in  the  class  of  1710,  and  became 
a  member  of  the  church  Aug.  10,  1713.  About 
five  yeiirs  later.  May  21,  1718,  he  was  ordained,  and 
became  the  pastor  of  the  church  with  which  his 
honored  father  had  so  long  been  connected.  Al- 
though not  vei-y  vigorous  in  health  Mr.  Callender 
performed  a  large  amount  of  ministerial  labor, 
preaching  in  different  sections  of  the  Common- 
wealth where  iiis  services  were  in  demand.  Spirit- 
ual prosperity  attended  his  ministry  with  bis  own 
church,  scarcely  a  month  passing  without  some 
additions  being  made  to  it.  AVhile  in  the  midst  of 
his  great  usefulness  he  was  cut  down  by  death,  the 
event  occurring  March  31.  1738,  in  the  twentieth 
year  of  his  ministry.     He  was  the  first  native  Bap- 


tist minister  in  this  country  who  had  received  a 
collegiate  education.  He  published  a  "Century 
Sermon''  in  the  year  172(1,  commemorative  of  the 
landing  of  the  Piliirim  Fathers. 

Callender,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Boston  in 
1706,  and  was  the  nephew  of  Kev.  Elisha  Caller- 
der.  In  early  youth  he  evinced  unusual  intellec- 
tual ability,  and  it  was  deemed  best  by  his  friends 
that  he  should  have  a  liberal  education.  His  pre- 
paratory studies  having  been  completed  he  entered 
Harvard  College,  where  he  availed  himself  for  his 
pecuniiiry  support  of  the  Hollis  foundation.  He 
was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1723.  A  few  years 
after  his  graduation  he  was  ordained  as  co-pastor, 
in  Newport,  R.  I.,  with  Rev.  William  Peckhnni. 
succeeding  in  this  relation  th.at  gifted  young 
preacher,  Rev.  John  Comer.  His  ordination  took 
place  Oct.  13,  1731.  Few  Baptist  ministers  of  his 
times  were  better  educated  than  Mr.  Callender. 
He  was  held  in  high  respect  in  the  community  in 
which  he  lived,  which  at  that  time  was  among 
the  most  cultivated  in  New  England.  His  best- 
known  work  as  an  author  is  a  "  Historical  Dis- 
course on  the  Civil  and  Religious  AfiFairs  of  the 
Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plan- 
tation from  the  First  Settlement  in  1638  to  the 
End  of  the  First  Century."  An  edition  of  this 
valuable  discour.se  was  prepared  with  great  care 
by  Rev.  Romeo  Elton,  D.D.,  and  forms  one  of  the 
volumes  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society's 
collections.  It  is  regarded  as  stand.ard  authority 
in  the  matters  of  which  it  treats.  Mr.  Callender 
collected  also  many  papers,  which  l!ev.  Mr.  Backus 
found  to  be  of  great  service  to  him  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  his  history  of  the  Baptists.  Mr.  Callender 
died  Jan.  26,  1748. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Abner  B.,  eldest  son  of  Rev. 

J.  II.  Campbell,  and  a  native  of  Georgia,  is  a  man 
of  great  ability,  sincere  piet\",  and  exceeding  pru- 
dence. As  a  preacher  he  ranks  high  :  a  graduate 
of  Mercer  University  ;  he  has  had  charge  of  several 
churches  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  and  now 
in  the  prime  of  life  he  is  the  beloved  pastor  of  the 
Columbus  church.  He  is  a  trustee  of  Mercer 
University. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Charles  D„  son  of  Rev.  J.  H. 
Campbell,  the  alile  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Athens,  Ga.,  was  educated  at  Mercer  University. 
He  is  a  preacher  of  more  than  ordinary  power,  and 
a  man  of  decided  intellectual  ability.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  the  ministry  in  Florida  and  Southern 
Georgia  for  quite  a  number  of  years,  and  was 
called  from  the  charge  of  the  church  at  Quitman 
to  his  present  field  of  labor. 

Campbell,  Duncan  R.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  Aug.  14.  1814.  He  w.as  edu- 
cated for  the  Presbyterian  ministry,  and  in  this 
relation  entered  the  pastorate  at  Nottingham,  Eng- 


CAMI'liKl.l, 


17« 


CAMriiKLL 


land,  and  subsequently  became  a  missionary  in 
London.  lie  eniij;rated  to  the  United  States  in 
May,  1842,  and  soon  after  bis  arrival  at  lliclimond, 
Va.,  souj^ht  membership  in  the  First  Haptist  ehuroli 
of  that  city,  and  was  baptized  by  Kev.  Dr.  Jeter. 
In  the  fall  of  1842  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
Lciiih  Street  church  in  Kielimond,  and  in  1845, 
beinj;  in  poor  health,  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Cieors;e- 
town,  where  he  hiliorcd  with  great  success  four 
years.  lie  was  then  elected  Professor  of  Hebrew 
and  Biblical  Literature  in  the  theological  seminary 
at  Covington,  Ky.  In  IS.^2  be  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  Georgetown  College,  filling  the  jiosition 
with  grwit  ability  until  bi.s  death  at  Covington,  Ky.. 
Aug.  If).  ISC.."). 

Campbell,  Rev.  E.  A.,  an  eflicient  minister,  who 
long  labored  in  the  Red  River  Valley,  La.,  was  liorn 
in  North  Carolina  in  1SI8,  and  was  brought  up  in 
East  Baton  Rouge  Parish,  La.  He  settled  west  of 
Red  River  in  184.'),  anil  labored  efficiently  in  this 
part  of  the  State  until  his  death,  in  1807. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Israel  S.,  is  about  fifty  years 

of  age;  was  born  in  Kentucky  during  the  days  of 
slavery  ;  is  nearly  white  in  complexion,  and  presents 
the  appearance  of  a  well-bred  gentleman.  His  style 
of  spoecdi  is  so  generally  correct  that,  were  you  not 
looking  at  him,  yon  would  suppose  that  a  well- 
educated  white  man  was  speaking.  By  bard  work 
he  has  been  enabled  to  obtain  an  education  sufficient 
to  make  him  very  useful  among  the  colored  people. 
He  was  licensed  to  pre.ach  in  the  State  of  Tennessee, 
and  ordained  in  British  North  America  in  18.58. 
He  has  ministered  successfully  to  the  following 
churches:  Friendship,  Franklin  Co.,  Tenn. ;  Sand- 
wich, Little  River,  Buckstone,  Chatham,  Windsor, 
all  of  Ontario  ;  Sandusky,  Cleveland,  0.  :  Baton 
Ronge,(Jros  Tcte,  La. :  Houston,  Ilearne,  Columbus, 
and  Galveston,  Texas.  He  has  been  jiastor  of  the 
Galveston  churdi  thirteen  years.  He  has  been 
moderator  of  Associations  in  Michig.an,  Louisiana, 
and  Te.xas,  and  in  tlie  latter  State  of  one  Association 
for  twelve  years.  He  was  president  of  the  Freed- 
man's  Baptist  State  Convention  two  years.  He  has 
acted  as  a  general  missionary  for  Texas  while  pas- 
tor at  Galveston.  Ho  has  baptized  as  many  as  911 
at  one  time,  and  1 100  persons  in  all. 

Israel  S.  Campbell  stands  well  among  all  clas.ses 
of  citizens  in  Galveston,  and  he  lias  been  occasion- 
ally spoken  of  as  a  candidate  for  Congress,  when 
any  one  of  his  race  has  been  considered  as  suitable 
for  a  representative.  He  has  fortunately  escaped 
from  the  rntanLileinonts  of  political  life. 

Campbell,  J.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mcintosh 
Co.,  Ga.,  on  the  10th  of  February,  1807.  His  father, 
(if  the  same  name,  could  trace  his  lineage  in  a 
direct  line  to  the  Scottish  clan  of  Campbell.  His 
mother's  name  was  Denbam,  and  licr  parents.  .Tobn 


Deidiam  and  Sarah  Clancy,  came  to  this  country 
as  emigrants  in  the  same  ship  with  Gen.  Oglctliorpe, 
in  1733.  He  was  educated  in  early  life  at  Sunbury, 
Liberty  County,  under  the  tuition  of  Rev.  James 
Shannon,  a  teacher  of  distinguisheii  excellence. 
Entering  the  State  University  at  Athens,  he  spent 
part  of  a  year  there,  being  recalled  home  by  the 
death  of  his  father  to  take  charge  of  the  estate  and 
protect  his  two  orphan  sisters.  Converted  in  his  six- 
teenth year,  he  was  baptized,  joined  the  diurch, 
and  soon  began  to  preach.  He  immediately  ex- 
hibited remarkable  powers  as  a  preacher,  and  was 
designated  the  "boy  preacher."  In  his  twenty- 
■second  year,  after  the  marriage  of  his  sisters,  he 
repaired  to  Eatonton,  Ga.,  and  remained  for  two 
years  in  the  theological  school  taught  by  Rev.  Adiel 
Sherwood,  pastor  of  the  Eatonton  Baptist  church. 
He  was  ordained  in  1830,  by  a  Presbytery  consist- 
ing of  C.  0.  Screven,  S.  S.  Law,  J.  II.  Dunham,  and 
Luther  Rice.  His  first  pastorate  w.as  at  Macon, 
Ga..  in  1831  ;  then  bo  served  at  various  times  during 
a  long,  laborious,  and  very  useful  life  the  churches 
at  Clinton,  McDonough,  Richland.  Twiggs  County, 
Lumpkin,  Griffin,  and  Perry,  among  others.  All 
through  life  be  devoted  himself  entirely  to  the  duties 
of  his  sacred  calling,  never  turning  aside  to  engage 
in  any  secular  occujiation.  and  through  his  instru- 
mentality thousands  have  been  brought  into  the 
kingdom  of  Jesus.  For  five  years  be  was  the  very 
successful  agent  for  foreign  missions  in  Georgia, 
after  which  he  entered  upon  the  work  of  an  evan- 
gelist for  the  State  at  large,  in  which  he  was  also 
eminently  successful.  While  thus  engaged  the  latie 
war  commenced,  when  he  became  a  voluntary  mis- 
sionary in  the  army,  in  which  useful  work  he  per- 
severed until  the  conflict  ended.  His  labors  were 
sanctified  to  the  salvation  of  hundreds,  if  not  of 
thousands. 

Mr.  Campbell  has  ))een  a  willing  and  active  fel- 
low-laborer with  the  most  prominent  Baptists  of 
Georgia  for  the  last  balfcentury,  particip.ating 
actively  in  all  their  educational  and  benevolent 
schemes  and  enterpri.ses.  For  more  than  thirty 
years  he  acted  upon  the  hoard  of  trustees  for  Mer- 
cer University;  was  instrumental  in  founding  col- 
leges for  young  ladies  at  Lumpkin  and  Cuthlicrt. 
and  in  establishing  the  Georgia  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institution  at  Cave  Spring. 

Perhaps  no  man  of  modern  times  has  been  more 
devoted  to  the  work  of  preaching  Christ  and  hini 
crucified,  and  few  have  been  more  successful  in 
building  up  his  kingdom.  As  a  revival  preacher 
he  is  very  powerful,  his  style  being  ardent,  earnest, 
pathetic,  and  eloquent.  He  is  a  man  of  great 
firmness  of  will,  never  abandoning  an  object  when 
convinced  of  its  propriety  and  importance.  His 
chief  literary  work  is  "Georgia  Baptists — Histori- 
cal   and    Biographical."    an    exceedingly   vabialile 


CAMPBELL 


179 


CANADIAN 


liook.  in  which  is  fjathpreii  much  information  which 
otlicrwise  would  liave  lieen  lost.  Two  of  his  sous 
are  now  ministers  of  the  !;o8pel,  occupying;  promi- 
nent pastorates  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Campbell's  life  has  been  no  failure.  Side  by 
side  with  the  wisest  and  best  of  the  denomination 
he  has  laliored  faitlifuliy  and  efficiently  to  liuild  up 
the  Baptist  interests  of  Georgia  and  prouujte  the 
honor  of  Jesus. 

Campbell,  Hon.  John  Price,  Jr.,  son  of  John 
Price  CampljcU,  was  burn  in  Christian  Co.,  Ky., 
Dec.  8,  1820.  He  was  educated  for  the  law,  and 
practiced  the  profession  for  nine  years  at  Lexing- 
ton, Mo.,  serving  two  terms  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State:  removing  to  his  native  State,  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  IS.").').  At  the  clo-ie  of  his 
term  he  declined  re-election  and  retired  to  jirivate 
life  on  his  farm  in  Christian  County,  where  he  has 
since  remained. 

Campbell,  Rev.  William  J.,  was  born  in  is  12, 

and  was,  until  he  reached  manhood,  the  servant  of 
Mr.  Paulding.  As  the  body-servant  of  his  master 
he  traveled  extensively,  and  gathered  general  in- 
formation, which  was  valuable  to  hini  as  a  preacher 
and  pastor.  lie  was  baptized  by  Andrew  Marshall, 
and  hecanie  a  member  of  the  First  Colored  Ba|)tist 
church  in  Savannah  ;  was  elected  a  deacon,  and  in 
a  few  years  after  this  was  licensed  to  jircach.  -Vn- 
drew  Marshall  took  a  great  interest  in  liiiu.  and 
when  he  left  home  on  a  collecting  mission  in  the 
North,  Wm.  J.  Campbell  was  placed  in  charge  of 
the  church.  Andrew  Marshall  never  returned, 
having  died  in  Virginia.  AVm.  J.  Campbell  be- 
came pastor  about  the  year  IS.iO.  He  entered  with 
energy  upon  the  work  of  completing  the  brick 
building  on  Fr.inklin  Square,  lie  secured  means 
for  this  purpose  at  home  and  abroad.  It  was  fin- 
ished and  iipened  for  worship  during  the  war,  and 
the  dedication  sermon  was  delivered  bv  Kev.  S. 
Landrum.  It  is  a  very  neat  and  large  church  edi- 
fice. Mr.  Canipliell  regarded  its  dedication  to  Gnd 
as  sacred.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  when  other 
colored  churches  were  opened  for  political  purposes, 
this  was  kept  closed  against  all  such  assemblies. 
The  church  became  very  large.  A  few  years  a^o 
a  difficulty  arose,  which  resulted  in  the  jiastor  and 
deacons,  with  700  members,  retiring  from  the  buihl- 
ing,  but  claiming  still  to  be  the  church.  After  this 
Mr.  Campbell  and  his  friends  worshiped  in  a  ball 
of  the  Beech  Institute. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  fully  African,  quite  black, 
about  five  feet  eiglit  inches  high.  He  died  on  the 
10th  of  October,  1S80,  aged  sixty-eight.  He  left  a 
wife,  but  no  children.  His  funeral  was  attended 
by  twelve  or  fifteen  hundred  people  from  the  First 
Bryan  Baptist  church,  Rev.  U.  L.  Houston  pastor. 

He  had  the  respect  of  the  people  of  Savannah, 
and  especially  of  the  white  population.     The  pas- 


torates of  Andrew  Bryan,  Andrew  Marshall,  and 
Wm.  J.  Cauipbel!  over  the  same  church,  virtually, 
extended  from  17".")  to  ISSO,  a  period  of  10.5  years. 
Canadian  Literary  Institute.— A  few  friends 
of  ministerial  education  in  Canada,  not  wholly  dis- 
couraged by  the  failure  to  establish  a  pernmnent 
institution  at  Montreal  (see  article  Montre.m.  Col- 
lege), resolved,  in  the  autumn  of  ISoG.  to  make 
another  experiment,  which,  while  having  special 
reference  to  the  training  of  young  men  for  the  min- 
istry, should  also  look  to  the  general  education  of 
the  young  of  either  sex.  Liberal  offers  were  made 
by  three  places — Fonthill.  Brantford.  and  Wood- 
stoi-k — to  induce  the  friends  of  the  enterprise  to  lo- 
cate the  institute  in  these  towns.  Woodstock  was 
selected,  responsible  parties  having  pledged  $10,000 
to  be  given  to  the  institute.  In  due  time  Rev.  Dr. 
R.  A.  Fyfe  was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  institu- 
tion, and  the  school  was  opened  July  4,  18(50,  and 
its  prospects  looked  hopeful.  These  prospects  were 
apparently  blighted  by  a  fire,  which,  on  the  8th 
of  January,  consumed  the  institute  building.  A 
large  number  of  students  had  just  come  to  Wiod- 
stock,  after  a  vacation,  to  commence  work  in  (heir 
respective  classes,  and,  in  spile  of  the  great  misfor- 
tune which  had  befallen  the  school,  it  was  decided, 
to  go  on.  A  deep  interest  was  awakened  among 
the  Canadian  Baptists  in  consequence  of  the  disas- 
ter referred  to,  and  what  at  first  seemed  a  great 
calamity  turned  out  to  be  a  rich  blessing.  In  a  few 
weeks  S21,000  were  pledged  towards  (he  erection 
of  a  now  bu'.lding.  larger  and  better  than  the  one 
that  had  been  burned.  But  there  are  other  and 
more  pressing  wants  of  a  young  struggling  seat 
of  learning  besides  proper  buildinirs.  One  by  i  ne 
these  have  been  met,  and  successful  work  done  in 
both  the  literary  and  the  theological  deparlmonts. 
The  statistics  which  we  are  able  lo  give  of  what 
the  institute  has  accoiii|ilished  since  it  was  opened 
in  l.HGO  show  that  hundrcils  have  been  the 
recipients  of  its  advantages,  many  of  whom  have 
entered  the  ministry;  61  have  gr.iduated  from  the 
theological  department:  40  have  settled  as  pastors 
who  were  unable  to  take  a  full  cnur.se  of  study.  A 
large  number  of  persons,  both  male  and  female, 
who  have  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  the  courses  of 
study  which  the  institute  has  furnished,  are  in  the  dif- 
ferent professions  and  callings  of  life,  owing  to  it  a 
debt  of  gratitude  which  they  cannot  i';isily  repay. 
The  school  has  now  reached  a  period  to  which  all 
similar  seminaries  of  learning  sooner  or  later  come, 
when  its  future  usefulness,  iind  existence  even,  de- 
pend on  the  solution  of  the  questinn  of  endowment. 
The  late  lamented  president.  Dr.  Fyfe,  asked  that  at 
least  S120.000  should  be  raised  for  such  an  endow- 
ment. The  question  of  the  removal  of  the  theolog- 
ical department  to  Toronto  has  been  discussed. 
Should  the  funds  necessary  to  plac'^  both  the  lit- 


CANDEE 


180 


CAKNE 


erary  and  the  theological  departments  on  a  firm 
founilation  be  secured,  the  proposed  plan  may  be 
carried  out.  Since  the  above  was  written  it  has 
been  decided  that  a  theological  seminary  shall  be 
erected  near  Toronto,  the  site  and  buildings  of  which 
will  cost  $7o,0U(),  and  a  generous  member  of  the 
Jurvis  Street  church  of  Toronto,  whose  liberality 
is  known  throughout  Canada,  has  agreed  to  defray 
the  entire  expense  of  the  ground  .and  structure. 

Candee,  John  Dutton,  editor  of  the  Bridgeport 
JiepuOlicait  SItiiidard,  Conn.,  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Almira  C.  (Dutton)  Candee,  was  born  in  Pompey, 
N.  Y.,'  June  12,  1819.  Ilis  ancestors  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  of  New  England ;  his  parents 
were  natives  of  Oxford,  Conn.  ;  the  Candees  were 
of  Huguenot  blood  and  the  Duttons  of  English  e.\- 
traction.  At  the  age  of  nine,  soon  after  the  death 
of  his  father,  he  became  a  farra-boy ;  afterwards 
serving  in  a  printing-office :  was  fitted  for  college 
in  Hamilton.  N.  Y. -.  passed  two  years  at  Madison 
University:  entered  Y'ale  College,  and  graduated 
in  1847.  lie  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  legal 
profession  for  about  twelve  years;  in  1863  he 
began  his  career  as  an  editor,  and  has  continued  as 
such  until  the  present  time  {18.S0)  ;  was  baptized 
in  May,  1835,  by  Rev.  Rollin  II.  Xeale,  D.D.,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  ;  always  interested  in  Sunday- 
schools ;  has  been  prominently  connected  with  the 
religious  interests  of  Connecticut :  was  clerk  of  the 
State  Legislature ;  served  for  years  as  prosecuting 
officer  of  New  Haven,  two  years  as  city  attorney, 
and  one  year  as  city  councilman ;  three  years  as 
common  councilman  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  He  is 
known  by  his  graceful  pen,  decided  views,  strong 
principles,  and  purity  of  life.  His  able  conduct  of 
the  daily  and  weekly  Standard,  of  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  as  editor  and  publisher,  has  given  him  a 
worthy  historical  niche. 

Canne,  Rev.  John. — Mr.  Canne  was  a  native 
of  England.  He  was  born  about  1.590.  For  some 
time  he  ministered  to  a  church  in  the  Episcopal 
establishment  of  his  native  country,  and  for  many 
years  he  was  pastor  of  "  The  Ancient  English 
Church"  of  Amsterdam,  in  Holland.  In  Am.ster- 
dam  he  carried  on  the  business  of  a  printer  and 
bookseller,  though  it  is  certain  that  he  could  have 
given  little,  if  any.  personal  attention  to  these  pur- 
suits, when  we  consider  his  zeal  an<l  journeys  to 
preach  the  gospel  and  found  churches,  and  his 
very  numerous  writings. 

In  1634  he  published  in  Amsterdam  "  The  Ne- 
cessity of  Separation,"  a  work  which  was  widely 
circulated  in  England,  and  which  produced  very 
important  results.  The  object  of  the  book  was  to 
show  the  Puritans  in  the  English  Church  that  they 
were  bound  to  forsake  her  ceremonies,  her  bishops, 
and  her  comfortable  livings  and  found  pure  churches 
nf  their  own.     The  Boston   Puritans  were  angry 


with  Roger  Williams  for  holding  the  same  doc- 
trine. One  of  the  most  successful  effort.s  of  Mr. 
Canne's  life  resulted  from  a  visit  he  paid  to  Bristol 
in  1641.  At  that  time  there  was  a  clergyman  in 
Bristol  named  Hazzard,  rector  of  one  of  the  city 
churches,  a  Puritan.  Mrs,  Dorothy  Hazzard,  his 
wife,  was  a  lady  of  great  faith  and  of  firm  resolu- 
tion. When  Bristol  was  besieged,  as  the  rumor 
spread  that  some  of  the  enemy  had  penetrated 
within  the  lines  of  its  defenders,  "  she  and  other 
women,  with  the  help  of  some  men,  stopped  up 
Froome  gate  with  woolsacks  and  earth  to  keep  the 
enemy  from  entering  the  city  ;  ami  when  the  women 
had  done  this  they  went  to  the  gunners  and  told 
them  that  if  they  would  stand  out  and  fight  they 
would  stand  by  them,  and  they  should  not  want 
for  provisions."  Mrs.  Hazzard,  Goodman  Atkins, 
Goodman  Cole,  Richard  Moone,  and  Mr.  Bacon 
had  formed  a  separate  meeting  in  1640,  in  Mrs. 
Ilazz.aril's  house,  to  worship  the  Lord  according  to 
the  rei|uirements  of  his  Holy  Word.  The  meet- 
ing, however,  was  not  intended  to  be  a  church,  and 
in  all  probability  would  have  perished,  like  thou- 
sands of  similar  unions  for  .social  worship,  had  not 
John  Canne  visited  Bristol  in  1041.  "This  bap- 
tized man,"  as  he  is  called,  or  Baptist,  "was  very 
eminent  in  his  day  for  godliness  and  for  reforma- 
tion in  religion,  having  great  understanding  in  the 
way  of  the  Lord."  Mrs.  Hazzard  having  heard 
of  his  arrival,  brought  him  from  the  hotel  to  her 
residence,  and  he  instructed  the  little  meeting  in 
the  way  of  the  Lord  more  jierfectly,  and  constituted 
them  into  a  church  of  Christ,  and  he  showed  them 
the  dilfercnce  between  a  true  and  a  false  church, 
and  when  he  left  them  he  g.avc  them  books  to  con- 
firm and  establish  them  in  church  order  and  gospel 
purity.  Broadmead  church,  Bristol,  thus  ushered 
into  life,  is  a  flourishing  community  at  this  day, 
and  its  record  for  usefulness  is  behind  few  chnruhes 
of  any  denomination  in  the  Old  World. 

Edward  Terrill,  baptized  seventeen  years  after 
John  Canne  formed  the  church,  at  his  death,  left 
a  valuable  bequest  to  educate  young  men  for  the 
Baptist  ministry.  His  enlightened  liberality  led 
to  the  establishment  of  Bristol  College,  and  indi- 
rectly of  our  other  British  colleges. 

The  greatest  work  of  -John  Canne's  laborious 
and  useful  life  was  his  marginal  references  to 
the  Bible.  It  was  published  at  Amsterdam  about 
1637.  It  was  the  first  English  Bible  that  had  mar- 
ginal references  throughout.  This  effort  of  Canne 
has  been  a  blessing  of  the  greatest  magnitude  to 
the  readers  of  the  English  Bible  ever  since,  and, 
like  the  "Pilgrim's  Progress,"  it  justly  purchased 
for  Mr.  Canne  an  immortality  of  fame.  The  labor 
expended  upon  it  was  immense.  Before  the  writer 
lies  a  copy  of  the  Edinburgh  edition  of  1747,  with 
Canne's  preface,  in  which   he  states:  "It  is  said 


CAPERTOK 


181 


CAREY 


of  Jacob  that  he  served  seven  years  for  Rachel, 
and  it  seemed  but  a  few  days  for  the  love  he  had 
for  her.  I  can  truly  speak  it ;  I  have  served  the 
Lord  in  this  vroi-k  more  than  thrice  seven  years, 
and  the  time  hath  not  seemed  long,  neither  hath 
the  work  been  any  way  a  burden  to  me  for  the  love 
I  have  had  for  it." 

One  reason  which  he  gives  for  the  preparation 
of  his  work  is,  "  Some  people  will  be  more  willing 
and  forward  to  read  and  search  the  Scriptures, 
having  by  them  a  guide  and  help,  as  when  they 
meet  with  any  place  that  is  dark,  and  they  under- 
stanil  it  not,  than  by  direction  to  some  other  text 
of  Scripture  immediately  to  be  informed  and  satis- 
fied, without  looking  into  commentaries,  which  it 
may  be  they  have  not.  A  Scripture  interpreter 
will  encourage  men  to  exercise  themselves  in  the 
meilitiition  and  study  of  the  Scriptures,  as  when  a 
man  hath  a  liglit  carried  before  him  he  goeth  more 
cheerfully  than  if  he  were  in  the  dark  and  groped 
for  his  way.  By  this  means  not  only  the  knowledge 
of  God  and  his  truth  will  grow  and  increase,  but 
the  Scriptures  will  be  unto  people  more  familiar 
and  more  their  own  (as  I  may  say)  than  they 
were  before."  Ilis  leading  principle  is  that  '"  the 
vScripture  is  the  best  interpreter  of  the  Scripture.'' 
Mr.  Canne  was  governed  Ijy  the  Baptist  maxim 
that  the  Bible  is  everything  in  religion,  and  as  a 
result  of  tliis  that  the  Scripture  should  be  studied 
by  every  human  being.  To  his  eighteen  published 
works,  Canne  intended  to  add  '"  an  edition  of  the 
Bible  in  a  large  and  fair  character,  with  large  an- 
notations," a  work  upon  which  he  had  spent  many 
years,  a  cninmentary  ;  Ijut  lie  did  not  live  to  see 
it  completed. 

He  was  frequently  persecuted,  very  much  luved, 
ami  widi'ly  useful.      lie  died  in  1667. 

Caperton,  Alexander  Cotton,  D.D.,  was  bom 
in  Jackson  Co..  Ala..  Feb.  4.  1831.  Ills  early  child- 
hood was  spent  on  a  farm  in  Mississippi,  whither 
his  parents  had  removed.  He  received  the  rudi- 
ments of  an  education  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
neighborhood,  and  afterwards  taught  school  to  pro- 
cure the  me;ins  for  entering  Mississippi  College. 
whore  he  graduated  in  1856.  He  then  went  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  in  18,58  graduated  in  the 
theological  seminai-y  at  that  place.  He  returned 
home  and  accepted  a  professorship  in  Mississippi 
College.  During  the  civil  war  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing as  a  means  of  support  for  his  family,  but  did 
not  desist  from  preaching.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  was  chosen  pastor  of  a  church  in  Memphis,  and 
was  subsequently  stationed  at  Maytield,  Ky.,  iind 
Evansville,  Ind.  In  1871  he  became  co-editor,  and 
soon  after  sole  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Western 
Jiernrder,  a  leading  Baptist  weekly  paper,  pub- 
lished at  Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  also  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  American  Baptist,  a  paper  pub- 


lished at  Louisville  for  the  colored  people,  and  has 
estaljlished  a  buok  and  publishing  house  in  Louis- 
ville. In  addition  to  these  labors,  Dr.  Caperton 
preached  several  hundred  times  a  year,  and  is  an 
active  member  of  the  missionary  and  Sunday-school 
boards  of  his  denomination  in  Kentucky. 

Capwell,  Albert  B.,  Esq.,  a  well-known  lawyer 
and  prominent  Baptist  layman  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
was  born  in  Middlcbury,  N.  Y..  in  1818,  and  died 
in  Brooklyn,  Aug.  23,  1880.  He  was  graduated 
from  Yale  College  in  1842.  He  .studied  law  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School,  and  commenced  practice  in 
New  York  in  184').  He  devoted  himself  to  civil 
cases,  especially  to  those  involving  life  insurance 
and  real  estate  titles.  He  was  a  prominent  member 
of  Strong  Place  Baptist  church,  and  one  of  its 
founders;  served  as  a  deacon  for  many  years,  and 
was  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday-schoid.  He 
was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Bap- 
tist Home  for  the  Aged  in  Brooklyn,  and  also  of  the 
Baptist  Social  Union.  He  has  been  elected  on 
several  occasions  moderator  of  the  Long  Island 
Baptist  A.ssociation.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary. He  was  identified  with  many  of  the  great 
benevolent  enterprises  of  the  Baptists,  and  philan- 
thropic institutions  of  the  country. 

Carey,  Rev.  George  Montgomery  W.,  A.M., 

was  born  in  Belfast,  Ireland,  March  10.  IS2'.'.  and 
trained  at  the  Moravian  School,  Grace  Hill,  near 


REV.  GEORUE    SIONTGOMERV    W  .  CAREY.  .\.M. 

Belfast;  converted  in  Glengarry  County,  Canada, 
and  ba]itized  at  Brcadalbane,  in  the  same  county, 
July,  1847  ;  graduated  from  Rochester  University 


CAREY 


182 


CAREY 


July,  1856;  ordained  at  St.  Catliarines,  Ontario, 
soon  after;  graduated  from  Roiiliester  Tlieologieal 
Seminary,  1858,  and  continued  at  St.  Catherines ; 
liecame  in  1865  pastor  of  German  Street  Baptist 
cliiircli,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  still  con- 
tinues in  the  office  with  great  aecoptance  and  use- 
fulness. Mr.  Carey  is  veiy  popular  in  the  pulpit 
anil  on  the  platl'Drni. 

Carey,  William,  D.D.,  wa>*  born  in  Purey, 
Northamptonshire,  England,  Aug.  17,  1761.  In 
his  boyhood  he  was  an  e.\treme  E|)iseopalian,  re- 
garding dissenters  with  sovereign  contempt.  Ilis 
Aither  and  grandfather  officiated  as  clerks  in  the 
Episcopal  Church,  and  young  Carey  from  childhood 


WIl.l.lAU    C.VKEV,  D.I). 

loved  the  house  in  which  they  held  this  humble 
position. 

Mr.  Carey  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Ryland,  Oct.  5, 
1783,  in  the  river  Nen,  just  above  Dr.  Doddridge's 
church,  Northampton.  For  three  years  and  a 
li.ilf  he  preached  to  a  little  community  in  Bos- 
ton, walking  six  miles  each  way  to  render  the 
service. 

He  w.is  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of  Moulton 
Aug.  1.  1787;  the  sermon  on  the  occasion  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  Andrew  Fuller.  His  salary 
at  Moulton  w«.s  just  S75  a  year,  and  when  he  en- 
tered upon  his  laV)ors  in  tliat  field  he  had  a  wife 
and  two  chihlren  to  support. 

Mr.  Carey  had  probably  the  greatest  facility  for 
acquiring  foreign  languages  ever  possessed  by  any 
human  being.  At  any  rate,  no  one  ever  possessed 
a  larger  measure  of  this  extraordinary  talent.  In 
seven    years   he    learned    Latin,   Greek,    Hebrew, 


French,  and  Dutch,  and  in  acquiring  these  lan- 
guages he  had  scarcelj'  any  assistance. 

In  reading  the  voyages  of  the  celebrated  Captain 
Cock  he  first  had  his  attention  directed  to  the 
heathen  world,  and  especially  to  its  doomed  con- 
dition ;  the  topic  soon  filled  his  mind  and  engrossed 
his  heart.  And  though  the  sulject  was  beset  by 
innumerable  and  a])parently  insurmountable  difli- 
culties,  and  though  ihe  work  was  novel  to  him  and 
to  every  one  of  his  friends,  yet  he  felt  impelled  by 
an  unseen  power  to  go  and  preach  the  gospel  to  the 
heathen.    His  first  selected  field  of  labor  was  Tahiti. 

He  issued  a  pamphlet  entitled  "An  Inquiry  into 
the  Obligation  of  Christians  to  I'se  Means  for  the 
Conversion  of  the  Heathen."'  This  publication 
made  a  deep  impression  upon  Mr.  Carey's  friends, 
and  it  had  an  extensive  influence  in  turning  their 
minds  and  hearts  to  the  idolaters  of  distant  lands. 
Mr.  Carey  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Leices- 
ter in  1789,  and  there  he  labored  with  untiring 
faithfulness  among  his  flock,  and  formed  ]ihins 
with  unquenchable  zeal  for  the  salvation  of  the 
heathen.  From  this  church  he  went  forth  to  India 
to  give  God's  Word  to  its  vast  population. 

At  the  meeting  of  his  Association,  which  was 
held  at  Nottingham,  May  oO.  17'.)lJ,  he  preached  on 
Isaiah  liv.  2,  3,  announcing  the  two  memorable 
divisions  of  his  discourse :  '"  Expect  great  things 
from  God  ;  attempt  great  things  for  God."  The 
sermon  stirred  up  the  hearts  of  his  hearers  as  they 
had  never  been  before;  every  one  felt  the  guilt  of 
keeping  the  gospel  from  perishing  myriads,  and 
the  need  of  making  an  effort  to  win  his  ignorant 
enemies  to  their  Master.  At  Kettering,  the  church 
of  Andrew  Fuller,  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society 
was  organized  Oct.  2,  1792.  The  .society  was  for- 
mally instituted  in  the  house  of  the  widow  (.f  Deacon 
Beeby  Wallis.  The  little  parlor  which  witnessed 
the  birth  of  this  society  was  the  mos',  honored 
room  in  the  British  Islands,  or  in  any  part  of 
Christendom  ;  in  it  was  formed  the  first  society  of 
modern  times  for  spreading  the  gospel  among  the 
heathen,  the  parent  of  all  the  great  Protestant 
missionary  societies  in  existence. 

The  British  East  India  Company  had  the  gov- 
ernment of  India  at  this  period.  No  white  man 
could  settle  in  that  country  without  their  permis- 
sion, nor  remain  in  it  longer  than  they  pleased. 
No  ship  could  trade  with  it  except  one  of  their 
vessels.  The  Company  was-  intensely  hostile  to 
missionaries,  and  to  please  the  people  of  India 
they  were  ready  to  show  the  greatest  respect  for 
their  gods.  In  1801  a  deputation  from  the  govern- 
ment went  in  procession  to  the  Kalee  ghaut,  the 
most  opulent  and  popular  shrine  of  the  metropolis, 
and  presented  5000  rupees  to  the  idol  in  the  name 
of  the  Company  for  the  success  which  had  attended 
the  British  arms. 


CARKV 


1»3 


CAUEY 


A  Baptist  surgeon  in  India,  named  Tlidinas,  liad 
preached  Clirist  occasionally  to  tlie  natives,  and  in 
1793  he  W!is  in  Enjiland  to  secure  some  fellow- 
worker  to  go  back  with  him  to  that  dark  land. 
Carey  and  he  were  appointed  missionaries  l)y  the 
new  society.  They  engaged  passage  on  the  "  Earl 
of  O.'iford''  to  sail  for  the  East,  and  they  went  on 
board  to  leave  their  native  land  :  but  Mr.  Carey  had 
no  license  to  go  to  India  from  the  Company,  and 
both  the  missionaries  were  put  ashore;  Carey  was 
greatly  distressed  by  this  unexpected  blow,  and  felt 
as  if  his  hopes  were  permanently  crushed,  but  soon 
the  Danish  East  Indiaman,  the  "  Kron  I'rincessa 
Maria,'  was  foutid.  and  in  her  they  sailed  June  13, 
lTy3.  The  voyage  was  a  prosperous  one,  and  the 
missionaries  landivl  in  health.  For  a  few  years 
Mr.  Carey  had  charge  of  an  indign-factory,  from 
which  he  received  £:240  per  annum;  and  at  the 
same  time  he  labored  unobtrusively  as  a  missionary. 
He  could  not  stay  iti  British  India  as  an  avuwed 
missionary,  and  when,  on  their  landing  in  Cal- 
cutta, Marshnian  and  Ward  were  ordered  back  to 
England,  because  the  captain  of  their  vessel  re- 
turned them  to  the  authorities  as  mi.ssionaries, 
Carey  determined  to  make  his  abode  at  Serampnre 
for  the  future,  and  to  take  Marsliman  and  Ward 
with  him,  wluTe  they  could  stay  in  defiance  of  the 
British  East  India  Company.  Serampore  was  a 
Danish  settlement  on  the  river  Iloogly,  \h  miles 
from  Calcutta.  The  kings  of  Denmark  had  sent 
out  mi.ssionaries  to  convert  the  natives,  and  their 
government  was  in  hearty  sympathy  with  missions. 
Col.  Bie,  the  representative  of  the  Danish  sovereign 
at  Seramp  ire,  received  Carey  and  his  brethren  with 
generous  hospitality,  and  he  protected  them  for 
years  against  the  powerful  governors  of  British 
India.  The  providence  of  God  evidently  kept  this 
little  spot  under  the  rule  of  Denmark  ,as  a  refuge 
for  the  mission.aries  until  the  pious  people  of  Great 
Britain  should  al)olisli  the  heathenish  law  which 
e.\cludcd  missionaries  frum  India.  Even  the  king 
of  Dennuirk  himself,  as  he  learned  from  the  gover- 
niir  of  Serampore  the  character  and  worth  of  the 
missionaries,  became  their  firm  friend.  In  1821, 
Frederick  VI.,  king  of  Denmark,  sent  the  mission- 
aries a  gold  medal,  as  an  express'on  of  his  appre- 
ciation of  their  labors,  and  endowed  the  college 
which  they  had  founded  with  the  rent  of  a  liou.se 
worth  about  SoODl).  And  when  in  184-5  the  suc- 
cessor of  Frederick  ceded  the  Seranip;ire  settlement 
to  the  British  governnieiit,  he  had  an  article  inserted 
in  the  treaty  confirming  the  Danish  charter  of  the 
Serampore  Baptist  College. 

At  Serampore  the  missionaries  set  up  printing- 
presses  an<l  a  large  boanling-school,  and  in  process 
of  time  founded  a  college.  They  preached  inces- 
santly, and  Carey  particularly  studied  the  languages 
of  the  country  with  a   measure  of  success  never 


equaled  before  or  since  by  any  other  settler  in  In- 
dia, lie  soon  became  the  most  learned  man  in  the 
country.  When  Lord  Wellesley  founded  the  Col- 
lege of  Fort  William,  in  Calcutta,  in  ISOl,  to  teach 
the  language  of  Bengal  to  young  Englishmen  in 
the  civil  service  of  the  Company  in  India,  Dr.  Carey 
was  the  only  man  in  the  East  or  in  Great  Britain 
r|ualified  to  teach  that  language  correctly,  and  be 
received  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  professor 
in  Fort  William.  In  December,  1.S29,  an  act,  for 
which  he  had  long  labored,  Wiis  passed  by  the 
Council  in  India,  abolishing  the  practice  of  I)nrning 
widows  with  the  bodies  of  their  dead  husbands.  It 
was  determined  to  publish  the  English  and  Bengali 
copies  of  the  act  simultaneously,  and  Dr.  Carey  was 
sclecteil  to  make  the  version  for  the  people  of  Ben- 
gal. Every  day  cost  the  lives  of  two  widows,  and 
instead  of  going  into  the  pulpit  on  the  morning  of 
the  Lord's  day,  when  he  received  the  order  from 
Henry  Shakespear,  the  secretary  of  the  govern- 
ment, he  commenced  his  translation,  and  completed 
it  before  night,  and  that  glorious  act  of  Lord  Wil- 
liam Bcntinck,  so  dear  to  William  Carey's  heart, 
went  forth  to  the  nations  of  India  in  the  polished 
Bengali  of  the  great  Baptist  missionary. 

Carey  was  the  author  of  a  Maliratta  grammar, 
and  of  a  Sanscrit  grammar,  extending  over  more 
than  a  thousand  quarto  pages,  a  Punjabi  grammar, 
a  Telinga  grammar,  and  of  a  Mahratta  dictionary, 
a  Bengali  dictionarj',  a  Bhotanta  dictionary,  and  a 
Sanscrit  dictionary,  the  manuscript  of  which  was 
burned  before  it  was  printed.  He  was  also  the 
author  of  several  other  secular  works. 

"The  versions  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  in  the 
preparation  of  which  he  took  an  active  and  labori- 
ous part,  include  the  Sanscrit.  Hindu,  Brijbbhassa, 
Mahratta,  Bengali,  Oriya,  Telinga.  Karnata,  Mal- 
divian,  Gurajattee,  Bulooshe,  Pushtoo,  Punjabi, 
Kasbmeer,  .-Vssani,  Bnrman.  Pali,  or  Magudha,  T.a- 
mul,  Cingalese,  Armenian,  Mal.ay,  Ilincbistani,  and 
Persian.  In  six  of  these  tongues  the  whole  Scrip- 
tures have  been  translated  and  circulated  ;  the  New 
Testament  has  appeared  in  23  languages,  besides 
various  dialects  in  which  smaller  portions  of  the 
sacred  text  have  been  printed.  In  thirty  years 
Carey  and  his  brethren  rendered  the  Word  of  God 
accessible  to  one-third  of  the  world."  And  even 
this  is  not  all  :  before  Carey's  death  212,000  copies 
of  the  Scriptures  were  issued  from  Serampore  in 
40  different  languages,  the  tongues  of  330.000,000 
of  the  human  fatuily.  Dr.  Carey  was  the  greatest 
tool-maker  for  missionaries  that  ever  labored  for 
(iod.  His  versions  are  used  today  by  all  denomi- 
nations of  Christians  throughout  India. 

Most  of  his  income  was  given  away  in  Bible 
distribution.  The  missionaries  at  Serampore  placed 
their  gains  in  a  common  fund,  from  which  they  drew 
a  sc:inty   support ;   Marshman's  successful  school 


CAREY 


184 


CARPENTER 


and  Carey's  professorship  furnished  a  larse  sur- 
plus for  the  printinj;  and  circuhxtion  of  tlie  Scrip- 
tures. Carey,  Marshinan,  and  Ward  gave  during 
their  stay  in  India  nearly  §400,000  to  the  spread 
of  revealed  liglit  in  that  country  cursed  by  miser- 
able jiods. 

The  first  Hindoo  convert  baptized  by  Dr.  Carey 
in  India  was  the  celebrated  Krishna  Pal.  Dr. 
Carey  founded  churches  and  mission  stations  in 
iininy  parts  of  India,  and  planted  seed  from  which 
he  gathered  precious  harvests,  and  from  which  his 
successors  have  reaped  abundantly. 

A  visitor  in  1821  describes  Dr.  Carey  as  short  in 
stature,  with-white  hair,  and  a  countenance  equally 
bland  and  benevolent  in  feature  and  expression. 

He  had  three  wives,  one  of  whom  reluctantly  ac- 
companied him  from  his  native  land,  and  the  second 
and  third  he  married  in  India. 

The  last  sickness  of  Dr.  Carey  found  him  with 
perfect  peace  of  mind  ;  he  was  ready  and  anxious 
to  go  to  his  blessed  Saviour.  Lady  Bcntinck,  tlic 
wife  of  the  governor,  frequently  visited  him,  and 
Bishop  Wilson,  of  Calcutta,  came  and  besought  his 
blessing.  lie  died  June  9,  1834,  in  his  seventy- 
third  year. 

Dr.  Carey  had  great  decision  of  charaeter.  After 
he  had  thoroughly  weighed  a  subject  his  resolution 
about  it  was  taken,  ami  nothing  could  make  him 
change  the  purpose  he  had  formed.  His  persever- 
ance to  accomplish  a  proper  end  knew  no  bounds ; 
he  would  labor  through  discouragements  for  twenty 
years  or  more  to  carry  out  a  Christian  purpose. 
When  be  had  a  clear  conviction  of  duty  he  could 
not  disobey  his  conscience;  to  keep  it  without  of- 
fense was  one  of  the  great  aims  of  his  life,  lie 
never  doubted  the  help  of  God  in  his  own  time  to 
aid  him  in  carrying  out  the  plan  of  love  which  he 
had  formed.  He  carefully  husbanded  every  mo- 
ment, and  in  that  way  he  was  able  to  perform  move 
labor  than  any  man  in  Europe  or  Asia  in  his  day. 
He  bad  as  unsclHsh  a  heart  as  ever  beat  with  love 
to  Jesus. 

In  denouncing  contemptuous  sneers  poured  on 
Carey,  Marshinan,  and  Ward,  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Southey  says,  '"These  low-born,  low-bred  me- 
chanics have  done  more  to  spread  the  knowledge 
of  the  Scriptures  among  the  heathen  than  has  been 
accomplished,  or  even  attempted,  by  all  the  world 
beside.''  In  the  British  House  of  Commons  the 
celebrated  AVilliam  Wilberforce  said  of  Dr.  Carey, 
'•  He  had  the  genius  as  well  as  the  benevolence  to 
devise  the  plan  of  a  society  for  communicating 
the  blessings  of  Christian  light  to  the  n.atives  of 
India.  To  qualify*  himself  for  this  truly  noble  en- 
terprise he  h;ul  resolutely  applied  himself  to  the 
study  of  the  learned  languages  ;  and  after  making 
considerable  proficiency  in  them,  applied  himself 
to  several  of  the  Oriental  tongues,  and  more  espe- 


cially to  the  Sanscrit,  in  which  his  proficiency  is 
acknowledged  to  be  greater  than  that  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam Jones,  or  any  other  European.  "  At  his  death 
resolutions  expressive  of  admiration  for  the  great 
benevolence  and  vast  learning  of  Dr.  Carey  were 
passed  by  many  societies  in  Europe  and  Asia. 
Nor  is  there  any  doubt  that  had  Carey  been  a 
Catholic  he  would  have  been  canonized  immedi- 
ately after  death,  and  held  up  as  worthy  of  more 
exalted  veneration  than  St.  Francis  Xavier  him- 
self. The  Protestant  world,  however,  unites  in 
honoring  him  as  the  father  of  modern  missions. 

Camahan,  Rev.  David  Franklin,  was  born  in 
White  Hall,  Montour  Co.,  Pa.,  Sept.  10,  1825.  He 
graduated  at  Lewisburg  University,  Aug.  IS,  1S.')2, 
and  the  same  year,  September  28,  he  was  ordained 
•IS  pastor  of  the  Bridgeport  church,  Montgomery 
Co.,  Pa.  In  18.i6  he  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the 
Calvary  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia.  In  IS.VJ 
he  was  calle<l  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bajitist 
church  in  Zaiicsville.  O.  He  was  subsci|iiently 
pastor  at  Dayton,  O. ;  Burlington,  Iowa:  Aurora 
(First  church).  Springfield,  Urbana,  Dixon,  and 
Streator,  111.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Appleton,  Wis.  He  was  corresponiling 
secretary  and  superintendent  of  missions  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  .State  Convention  from  1856  to  iMii. 
He  was  superintendent  of  missions  of  the  General 
Association  of  Illinois  in  1867-68,  and  agent  of  the 
American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  in  1863.  He 
acted  as  financial  agent  of  the  Wayland  Academy 
for  a  brief  period  in  1878-79.  During  the  war  he 
was  major  of  the  78th  Regiment  Ohio  Vol.  In- 
fantry in  1861-02,  and  was  present  with  his  regi- 
ment at  Fort  Donelson,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Cor- 
rintli,  and  luka.  He  served  the  Philadelphia  As- 
socjat  on  as  clerk  in  1855-56.  and  was  recording 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  of  I'enn- 
sylvania  in  1850.  Mr.  Carnahan  has  been  and  is 
still  one  of  the  most  usefui  ministers  in  the  Baptist 
Church  in  the  Northwest,  and  has  never  done  a 
more  successful  work  in  bis  fruitful  ministry  than 
he  is  now  doing  in  Appleton,  Wis. 

Carpenter,  Rev.  C.  H.,  was  born  in  1835,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  University  and  the 
Newton  Theological  In>titution.  He  received  his 
appointment  July  1.  1802.  and  sailed  the  follow- 
ing October  for  Burinah.  On  reaching  Rangoon 
the  following  May.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carpenter  found 
a  home  in  the  family  of  Dr.  Binney,  whose  assist- 
ant he  was  to  be  in  the  management  of  the  theo- 
logical seminary.  At  once  his  wannest  .sympathies 
were  enlisted  for  the  Karens,  of  whom  he  says, 
'•If  there  is  a  people  anywhere  eager  to  learn,  it 
is  the  Karens.  Tliey  come  down  to  Kemendine 
.sometimes  hundreds  of  miles,  on  foot,  not  to  make 
money,  but  to  study.  I  wish  you  could  see  Dr. 
Binneys  62  bare-footed,   bare-legged  students  of 


CAKPKNTER 


IS") 


CARPENTER 


theology."  Dr.  Biiiney,  under  date  of  Oct.  24, 
1863,  wrote,  "Mr.  (Jarpeiiter  has  coniiiienced  to 
give  some  instruction  in  arithmetic,  and  I  tliinlc  he 
is  doing  well.  The  main  object  of  this  early  effort 
is  to  get,  as  soon  as  pcssible,  into  communication 
with  the  pupils,  and  then  to  feel  his  way  along.  It 
is  hard  work,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  it  will  pay  well." 
A  year  from  this  date,  he  speaks  in  warm  term.s  of 
the  success  of  his  assistant  and  wife,  and  of  the 
progress  he  had  made  in  learning  the  language. 
Dr.  Binney  having  retired  from  the  institution  in 
180.^,  Mr.  Carpenter  and  Mr.  Smith  had  the  super- 
vision of  its  affairs.  After  the  return  of  Dr.  Binney, 
near  the  close  of  1860,  Mr.  Carpenter  continued  his 
connection  with  him,  Mr.  Smith  removing  to  Ilen- 
thada.  Mr.  Carpenter  remained  in  the  department 
of  instruction  in  the  theological  seminary  until 
his  transfer  to  Bassein,  in  December,  1808,  to  fill 
the  place  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Thomas. 
His  labors  at  this  station  were  eminently  successful, 
until  his  failing  health  obliged  him  for  a  time  to  bo 
absent  from  his  field.  He  left  for  the  United  States 
early  in  1872.  At  the  request  of  the  Burmah  Bap- 
tist Association,  Mr.  Carpenter  on  leaving  Bassein 
visited  Siam,  on  a  missionary  exploring  expedition. 
He  crossed  the  boundary  between  British  Burmah 
and  Siam,  at  a  point  known  as  "  Three  Pagodas," 
and  made  his  way  to  the  residence  of  the  Pwo 
Karen,  governor  of  the  district  of  Phra-thoo-wan. 
He  was  accompanied  in  this  journey  by  several 
native  assistants.  Together  they  visited  43  vil- 
lages. The  households,  which  were  in  the  valley 
of  one  of  the  rivers  which  they  passed  through, 
were  believed  to  be  more  than  lOOU  in  number,  or 
about  .OOOO  persons.  The  estimate  of  the  whole 
number  of  Karens  in  the  country  which  was 
traversed  made  it  not  far  from  50,000. 

After  remaining  in  this  country  for  some  time, 
Mr.  Carpenter  returned  to  Burmah,  under  appoint- 
ment as  president  of  the  Rangoon  Baptist  College. 
He  was  convinced  that  it  would  be  better  to  remove 
the  college  to  Bassein,  but  his  wishes  in  this  respect 
were  overruled,  and  he  was  transferred  to  the  Bas- 
sein station,  to  resume  the  work  which  had  pre- 
viously occupied  his  thoughts  and  energies.  The 
report  of  the  first  twelve  months'  work  presents 
many  things  to  inspire  hope  and  encouragement. 
The  number  baptized  was  282.  In  like  manner, 
the  next  twelve  months  were  crowded  with  hard 
work,  and  attended  with  some  peculiar  trials.  He 
reports  in  the  stations  and  out-stations  under 
his  special  charge  8.")  churches  and  114  native 
preachers,  the  number  of  church  members  being 
6366.  The  work  at  Bassein  has  gone  forward 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Carpenter  with  healthful 
pi'ogress.  The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
presented  in  May  last,  speaks  encouragingly  of  his 
labors.  If  the  life  and  health  of-  Mr.  Carpenter 
13 


are  spared,  his  us(>fulness  will  increase  from  yiai 
to  year,  and  the  Bassein,  S'gau,  and  Karen  missions 
will  be  among  the  most  prosperous  in  Asia. 

Carpenter,  Rev.  John  M.,  was  bom  Sept.  30, 
1804,  at  .Mechanicstown,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was 
converted  and  baptized  when  about  twenty  :  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1836,  and  was  immediately 
appointed  by  the  board  of  the  New  Jersey  Baptist 
State  Convention  to  labor  at  Schooley's  Mountain. 
He  was  ordained  in  1837.  Mr.  Carpenter  was 
pastor  for  thirteen  years  atJacobstown,  N.  J.,  and 
has  filled  other  important  pastorates.  As  sec- 
retary of  the  Convention  for  seventeen  years,  and 
in  other  services  for  the  board,  he  hae  been  very 
useful.  His  thorough  knowledge  of  the  denomi- 
national statistics,  and  his  memory  of  Baptist  his- 
tory in  New  Jersey,  make  him  the  source  of  infor- 
mation for  all  who  wish  to  obtain  facts  and  figures 
on  those  topics.  Mr.  Carpenter's  library  is  rich  in 
associational  minutes,  pamphlets,  and  works  per- 
taining to  the  Baptists.  He  is  a  logical  thinker 
and  sermonizer,  and  an  energetic  preaclier.  He 
may  be  aptly  called  "The  living  Baptist  Cyclo- 
pcedia  of  New  Jersey." 

Carpenter,  Rev.  Mark,  was  born  at  Guildford, 
Vt.,  Sept.  23,  1S02.  He  pursued  his  studies  at 
Amherst  College,  and  at  Union  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1829.  He  studied  the- 
ology at  Newton,  graduating  in  1833.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Milford,  N.  II.,  Feb.  12,  1834,  where  he 
remained  for  six  years.  His  next  settlement  was 
at  Keene,  N.  11.  He  was  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  this  place  for  five  years,  and  then  removed 
to  New  London,  N.  II.,  remaining  there  four  years, 
and  to  llolyoke,  Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  ten 
years.  From  llolyoke  he  went  to  Brattleborough, 
Vt.,  in  1861,  resigning  his  charge  there  in  1867. 
His  next  settlements  were  in  AVest  Dummerston, 
Vt.,  and  South  Windham,  from  which  i>lace  he 
removed  to  Townshend,  Vt. 

Carpenter,  Prof.  Stephen  Hopkins,  was  born 
Aug.  7,  1S31,  at  Little  Falls,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y. 
He  died  at  Geneva,  N.  Y, 

Prof.  Carpenter  graduated  from  Rochester  Uni- 
versity in  18.r2.  In  18.55  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.,  and  in  1872  that  of  LL.D.  He  wasajipointcd 
tutor  in  the  Wisconsin  State  University  in  1852. 
He  was  elected  in  1860  to  the  professorship  of 
Ancient  Languages  in  St.  Paul  College  at  Palmyra, 
Mo.  In  1806  he  was  tendered  the  chair  of  Rhetoric 
in  the  Wisconsin  State  University,  which  he  filled 
with  great  ability  until  his  death.  He  occupied 
for  a  time  the  position  of  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  of  Wisconsin.  He  was  a  diligent  stu- 
dent, and  his  attainments  were  very  extensive.  lie 
wrote  largely  on  educational  and  religious  subjects, 
and  delivered  frequent  addresses  on  science  and 
literature.     Ten  or  twelve  of  his  addresses  are  pub- 


CARROLL 


186 


CARSON 


lislied,  and  many  articles  of  an  educational  and 
relii;ious  character  were  printed  in  the  periodicals 
of  the  denomination  with  which  lie  Avas  connected. 
Although  not  an  ordained  minister,  he  preached 
frequently  for  the  church  of  which  he  was  a  meni- 
her,  with  great  ability.  His  sermons  on  the  inspi- 
ration of  the  Scriptures  are  considered  as  among 
tlie  ablest  ever  published  on  that  subject.  Although 
occupying  a  conspicuous  place  among  the  educators 
of  the  State,  and  eminent  in  his  attainments  in 
science  and  literature,  he  will  be  longest  remem- 
bered as  the  sincere  Christian  and  loyal  disciple  of 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Carroll,  Rev.  B.  H.,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Waco,  Texas,  and  associate  editor  of  the 


REV.   H.    II.   CARROLL. 

Texas  Baptist,  was  born  December,  184.3,  in  Car- 
roll Co.,  Miss. ;  has  been  in  Texas  about  twenty 
years;  served  four  years  in  the  Confederate  States 
army  ;  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Mansfield, 
La.,  1864;  was  converted  in  the  summer  of  186.5, 
and  ordained  in  1866.  He  was  educated  at  Baylor 
University.  Besides  many  published  sermons  and 
addresses,  he  is  the  author  of  two  pamphlets,  "  Com- 
munion from  a  Bible  Standpoint,"  and  "  The  Mod- 
ern Social  Dance,"  which  have  attained  a  wide 
circulation  both  in  and  out  of  Texas.  lie  has  been 
for  years  vice-president  of  the  Baptist  General 
Association  of  Texas,  and  is  the  vice-president 
from  Texas  on  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention. 

He  is  one  of  the  first  preachers  of  his  age  in  the 
Baptist  ministry  of  the  Southern  States. 

Carroll,  Rev.  John  Lemuel,  was  born  in  Du- 


plin Co.,  N.  C,  Dec.  21,  18.36.  He  made  a  profession 
of  religion  at  the  early  age  of  nine,  and  became  a 
memberof  the  Beaver  Dam  church  ;  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  same  church,  January,  1858; 
was  educated  at  Wake  Forest  College  and  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  graduating  at  the 
latter  institution  with  distinction  in  1863.  He  was 
ordained  in  the  college  chapel  May  12,  1862,  and 
was  the  pastor  of  several  churches  in  his  native 
State.  Mr.  Carroll  was  also  an  instructor  in  Ox- 
ford Female  College,  and  afterwards  pastor  of 
the  Oxford  church.  In  1869  he  became  agent  for 
St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  in  which  he  was  very 
successful,  after  which  he  resided  at  Wake  Forest 
College,  being  at  the  time  a  trustee  of  the  institu- 
tion and  secretary  of  the  board,  and  being  also  the 
pastor  of  several  churches.  In  March  of  1871  he 
was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  War- 
renton,  Va.,  in  which  field  he  is  still  laboring. 
Few  men  excel  Mr.  Carroll  in  apt  and  vigorous 
extempuraneuus  speaking  in  denominational  meet- 
ings. 

Carson,  Alex.,  LL.D.,  of  Tubbermore,  County 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  was  born  not  far  from 
Cookstown,  County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1776.  The 
family  is  of  Scotch  origin,  and  probably  came  to 
the  north  of  Ireland  in  the  time  of  James  I.,  when 
the  people  who  have  built  Belfast  and  Derry,  and 
who  now  make  linen  for  the  world,  first  accepted 
an  Irish  for  their  Scottish  home.  The  region  around 
his  birthplace  has  been  desolated  many  times  since 
the  Scotch  settlement  of  Ulster  by  Irish  rcliellions 
and  massacres,  and  by  popish  treacliery  and  cruelty. 
Opposition  to  Rome  burns  more  fiercely  over  that 
locality  than  perhaps  in  any  other  section  of  Eu- 
rope. 

Alexander  Carson  in  early  life  was  called  into 
sacred  relations  with  the  Kedeemer,  and  from  that 
hour  he  became  a  decided  Christian.  At  the  Uni- 
versity of  Glasgow  he  was  proverbial  for  his  dili- 
gence, and  for  the  thoroughness  with  which  he 
pursued  his  studies.  And  though  in  his  class  there 
were  young  men  of  brilliant  talents,  who  attained 
distinguished  positions  in  subsequent  life  in  Scot- 
land, Mr.  Carson  graduated  with  the  first  honor. 

He  was  settled  when  a  very  young  nmn  as  min- 
ister of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Tubbermore. 
The  place  had  a  population  of  perhaps  500,  and  it 
was  surrounded  by  a  large  population  of  Scotch- 
Irish  farmers.  Very  early  in  his  ministry  Mr. 
Carson  was  led  to  see  that  the  Congregational  was 
the  Scripture  form  of  church  government,  and  that 
believers'  immersion  was  the  baptism  of  the  New 
Testament.  When  this  change  of  conviction  oc- 
curred Mr.  Carson  was  placed  in  a  situation  of 
great  embarrassment.  He  was  receiving  £100  per 
annum  from  the  British  government,  under  the 
name  of  Regium  Donum,  in  common  with  all  other 


CARSON 


187 


CARSON 


Presbyterian  ministers  of  that  day.  His  church 
gave  him  probably  about  £40  a  year.  Thi.«  Riyium 
Dutmm  had  demoralized  the  benevolent  efforts  of 
the  Ulster  Presbyterians  so  completely  that  if  Mr. 
Carson's  entire  congregation  had  liccome  Baptists 
he  could  not  expect  even  a  moderate  support  from 
their  unaided  liberality.  And  he  well  know  that 
his  people  were  stern  men,  with  all  the  steady  at- 
tachment to  principle  which  marked  their  Scottish 
fathers  in  times  of  fierce  persecution.  There  was 
no  Baptist  missionary  society  for  Ireland  at  that 
period,  and  the  young  minister  had  absolutely 
nothing  to  trust  for  his  support  except  the  naked 
providence  of  God  ;  but  he  was  wholly  Christ's,  and 
he  came  out  from  a  community  dear  to  him  by  the 
tenderest  associations  and  cast  his  burden  on  the 
Lord.     His  favorite  hymn  at  this  time  was: 

*'  And  must  I  part  with  all  I  have. 
My  dearest  Lord,  fur  thee? 
It  is  but  right,  since  thou  luist  done 
Much  more  than  that  for  me. 

"  Yes.  let  it  go,  one  look  from  tliee 
Will  more  than  make  amends 
For  all  the  losses  I  sustain 
Of  wealth,  of  credit,  friends." 

He  placed  himself  upon  our  Baptist  foundation, 
and  gathered  a  community  around  him  who  re- 
ceived the  Saviour's  teachings  as  he  proclaimed 
them,  and  he  lived  to  see  a  church  waiting  upon 
his  ministrations,  of  .500  members,  with  a  congre- 
gation very  much  larger,  the  descendants  of  the 
grand  old  Presbyterians  who  in  Scotland  and  Ire- 
land often  faced  death  rather  than  desert  their 
principles,  many  of  whom  walked  from  seven  to 
ten  miles  to  meet  with  the  church  at  Tiibbermore. 

In  a  few  years  his  fame  spread  throughout  Eng- 
land and  Scotland.  Kobert  and  J.imes  llaldune, 
of  Edinburgh,  so  well  known  for  their  great  gifts  to 
Christ's  cause,  their  distinguished  position  in  so- 
ciety, and  their  burning  zeal,  as  Baptist  ministers, 
were  his  admiring  and  lasting  friends.  lie  was 
frequently  invited  to  visit  England  to  preach  at 
missidii  anniversaries,  or  to  aid  in  other  great  de- 
nominational undertakings;  and  in  process  of  time 
he  was  recognized  as  the  leading  man  in  the  Baptist 
denomination. 

Mr.  Carson  read  extensively.  lie  made  the 
Greek  language  a  special  study,  and  it  is  not  too 
much  to  .say  that  he  was  among  the  first  Greek 
scholars  that  have  lived  for  centuries.  It  is  well 
known  that  if  he  would  sign  the  "Standards"  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland  he  could  have  had  the  pro- 
fessorship of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  a 
position  requiring  fine  scholarship  and  promising  a 
large  income,  the  indirect  offer  of  which  to  the 
pastor  of  a  little  company  of  Baptists  in  an  obscure 
Scotch-Irish  village  was  a  strong  testimonial  to  Mr. 
Carson's  profound  knowledge  of  the  Greek  tongue. 


Mr.  Carson  was  one  of  the  clearest  reasoners  of 
his  day.  lie  had  an  intellect  so  piercing  that  it 
could  see  through  any  sophistry  in  a  moment.  He 
was  a  logician  with  whom  it  was  not  wise  to  come 
in  collision,  unless  one  wished  to  know  the  confu- 
sion and  mortification  of  being  mercilessly  beaten. 
He  was  a  philosopher  of  no  ordinary  grade,  as  his 
works  clearly  exhibit,  and  we  are  not  surpriseil 
that  his  former  Presbyterian  friends,  years  after 
his  connection  with  tliein,  described  him  as  "the 
Jonathan  Edwards  of  the  nineteenth  century." 

lie  preached  the  word  of  God  in  expository  lec- 
tures, pouring  out  its  rich  treasures  and  the  wealth 
of  his  own  sacred  learning  upon  the  throngs  that 
united  with  him  in  the  worship  of  God.  Few  ever 
hoard  him  take  a  little  text  and  suspend  some 
weighty  subject  upon  it  by  a  slender  connecting 
link. 

He  practiced  weekly  communion,  and  his  church 
follows  the  same  custom  still.  He  was  in  the  habit 
of  beginning  the  service  by  saying,  "  According  to 
the  apostolic  example,  let  us  salute  one  another 
with  an  holy  kiss.''  He  then  kissed  one  of  the  dea- 
cons, and  the  injunction  was  observed  around. 
This  command  of  Paul  in  reference  to  a  local  cus- 
tom is  not  now  observed  in  Tubbermorc.  After 
the  sermon  was  over  on  the  Lord's  day  the  brethren 
arose  and  enforced  it,  or  some  other  Christian 
theme,  by  appropriate  exhortations.  Nor  did  tlicy 
fool  backward  to  stand  up,  nor  abashed  to  express 
their  views  in  the  presence  of  one  of  the  greatest 
thinkers  of  the  age,  whose  fatherly  kindness  was 
as  familiar  to  them  all  as  a  household  word. 

Space  will  not  permit  us  to  give  a  list  of  Dr. 
Carson's  works,  for  they  were  verj-  numerous.  His 
octavo  volume  on  baptism  is  a  masterpiece  of  learn- 
ing and  logic;  it  overthrows  quibbles  about  the 
Abrahamic  covenant,  giving  authority  to  baptize 
children,  as  old  as  Augustine  of  Hippo,  and  as 
wide-spread  as  Pedobapti.st  Christendom,  and  alle- 
gations that  baptism  might  mean  sprinkling  or 
pouring,  with  as  much  ease  as  a  horse,  unaccus- 
tomed to  a  rider,  hurls  to  the  ground  the  little  boy 
who  has  ventured  to  mount  him.  A  number  of 
men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  to-d.av,  and  very 
many  in  the  membership  of  our  churches,  were 
drawn,  or  perhaps  driven,  to  the  Baptist  fold  by 
"Carson  on  Baptism."  It  was  first  published  in 
London.  It  has  been  repiililished  by  the  Baptist 
Publication  Society  in  Philadelphia.  His  work-- 
should  be  in  every  Christian's  library. 

His  style  to  some  seems  a  little  dogmatical,  lie 
saw  things  clearly  himself:  he  was  wholly  for 
truth  and  entirely  against  error,  and  his  distinct 
perception  and  wholo-hcartedness  made  him  impa- 
tient with  the  dull,  and  with  those  who  tried  to 
make  the  worse  appear  the  bettor  side,  with  full 
knowledge  of  its  weakness.    Anylmw.  truth  coming 


CARSON 


188 


CARTER 


forth  like  a  defiant  giant  is  more  attractive  than 
when  it  appears  making  siniperinr;  apologies  for 
venturing  to  show  its  face,  and  to  disturb  the  equa- 
nimity of  error  and  wrong,  though  sturdy  truth, 
carrying  a  sharp  and  needful  sword  in  a  sheath  of 
love,  pleases  us  most. 

Dr.  Carson  received  the  degree  of  LL.I>.  from 
Bacon  College,  Ky.,  an  lionor  whicli  no  living  man 
better  deserved  th.an  he. 

In  returning  from  England  in  1S44,  where  he 
had  been  delivering  addresses  in  various  places  for 
the  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  he  fell  into  tlie 
dock  at  Liverpool,  where  the  water  was  twenty-five 
feet  deep;  he  was  immediately  rescued,  and  he 
sailed  for  Belfast.  During  the  night  he  became 
alarmingly  ill,  and  died  the  next  day  after  landing, 
Aug.  24,  1844.  He  was  nearly  fifty  years  in  the 
ministry.  Ilis  death  caused  universal  grief,  and 
it  left  a  vacancy  in  the  ranks  of  scholarly  Baptists 
which  few  men  of  any  community  on  earth  have 
the  learned  qualifications  to  fill.  Since  James 
Usher,  archbishop  of  Armagh,  was  laid  in  his 
grave,  no  native  of  Ireland  of  Anglo-Irish  or  Scotch- 
Irish  origin  fully  equaled  Alex.ander  Carson  in 
learning  and  logic,  and  the  alioriginal  natives  of 
Ireland  are  out  of  the  question  since  the  days  of 
John  Scotus  Erigena,  the  friend  of  Charles  the 
Bald. 

Carson,  W.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pickens  Co., 
S.  C,  Dec.  14,  1821.  Mr.  Carson  took  an  unusu- 
ally extensive  course  in  the  academical  institution 
in  Wetumpka,  Ala.  lie  joined  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  the  denomination  of  his  ancestors,  at 
eighteen.  In  1849  he  entered  the  theological 
seminary  in  Columbia,  S.  C,  but  after  a  very 
thorough  investigation  of  the  subject  of  baptism, 
he  was  baptized  by  James  P.  Boyce,  D.D..  LL.D. 
After  he  graduated  he  spent  six  years  as  pastor  in 
Gillisonville,  Beaufort  District,  now  Hampton  Co., 
S.  C,  where  the  society  combined  high  culture, 
integrity,  and  piety  in  an  uncommon  degree.  In 
1859  he  became  editor  of  the  Southern  Baptist,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  which  position  he  occupied  until 
the  war  caused  the  susjicnsion  of  the  paper.  During 
this  period  its  circulation  greatly  increased. 

Although  opposed  to  secession,  he  went  with  his 
native  State.  He  volunteered  as  a  private,  but  was 
soon  after  made  a  chaplain.  He,  however,  always 
went  into  the  ranks  in  battle.  After  the  war  he 
w;is  for  two  years  principal  of  the  State  Academy 
at  Rei<lville,  Spartanburg  Co.,  S.  C,  and  for  the 
same  period  of  the  Gowensville  .Seminary  in  Green- 
ville County.  In  1873  the  Furman  University  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  title  of  D.D.  He  is  at  present 
pastor  of  the  old  Kirkland,  now  Smyrna,  church, 
in  Barnwell  Co.,  S.  C.  He  has  written  somewhat 
extensively  for  papers  and  reviews. 

Carswell,  Rev.  Eginardus  Ruttven,  M.D., 


was  born  in  Burke  Co.,  Ga.,  Oct.  22,  1822.  His 
parents  were  both  native  Georgians.  His  ancestors 
came  from  Ireland,  his  grandfather  being  a  captain 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  educated  chiefly 
at  Penfield,  attending  both  Mercer  Institute  and 
Meroor  University.  He  graduated  in  medicine  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Georgia,  Augusta,  in  March, 
1844,  and  pr.acticed  medicine  for  ten  years  in 
Burke  County.  He  experienced  regenerating  gr.icc 
at  the  young  men's  twilight  meeting  at  Penfield  in 
the  spring  of  1840,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Adiel 
Sherwood.  Impressed  early  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  preach,  lie  liccame  a  licentiate,  and  frecpiently 
engaged  in  proclaiming  the  gospel,  meanwhile 
studying  theology  irregularly  during  the  ten  years 
of  his  medical  practice.  He  was  ordained  at 
Bushy  Creek  church,  Dec.  12,  1852.  His  first 
pastorate  was  that  of  Way's  church  in  Jelfer.son 
County.  Afterwards  he  served  Du  Hart's,  Louis- 
ville, Piney  Grove,  Big  Buckhcad,  Bark  Camp, 
and  Sardis  churches,  in  the  Ilepliziliah  Associa- 
tion, besides  others  in  both  Georgia  and  Soiitli 
Carolina.  Mr.  Carswell  h,is  been  a  strenuous  ad- 
vocate of  temperance,  of  the  Sunday-school  cause, 
of  missions,  and  of  the  distinctive  peculiarities  of 
Baptists.  He  lias  alw.ays  been  in  full  sym))athy 
with  the  work  of  his  Association  and  of  the  Geor- 
gia B.aptist  and  Southern  Baptist  Conventions,  and 
he  was,  perhaps,  the  youngest  delegate  present  at 
the  formation  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention 
at  Augusta  in  184.'5.  Utterly  fearless  in  his  sup- 
port of  what  he  deems  the  truth,  Mr.  Carswell 
possesses  great  natural  eloquence.  He  is  noted 
for  the  power  and  pungency  of  his  appeals,  for 
logical  force,  and  for  rhetorical  and  figurative 
illustrations.  Mr.  Carswell  married  Miss  L.  A. 
Pior,  Nov.  2.  1847,  and  they  have  raised  six  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  members  of  Baptist  churches, 
and  two  of  whom  are  promising  young  ministers. 
Often  made  the  moderator  of  the  Ileplizihah  Asso- 
ciation, he  has  been  honored  by  his  brethren  in 
various  other  ways  in  evidence  of  their  confidence 
.and  high  esteem.  In  1S72  he  was  selected  to  preach 
the  first  centennial  sermon  delivered  in  Georgia. — 
that  of  the  Bottsford  Baptist  church  in  Burke 
County. 

Carter,  Rev.  E,  J,  G.,  a  promising  young  man 
of  Union  Association,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Missis- 
sippi in  1.840:  ho  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1852; 
began  to  preach  about  1870  ;  ordained  1876.  He 
labored  extensively  with  churches  in  Washita  and 
Nevada  Counties.     He  died  in  1879. 

Carter,  Rev.  James,  was  one  of  the  most  e.am- 
est-mindcd,  zealous,  pious,  and  useful  of  .all  the 
ministers  who  have  aided  in  building  up  the  Bap- 
tist cause  in  Georgia.  He  was  liorn  near  Powelton, 
Hancock  County,  in  1797,  and,  after  a  laborious  life, 
died   at   Indian    J?prings.   Butts  County,   Aug.   2.5, 


CARTER 


189 


CARTER 


1859.  His  parents  were  A'irginians,  wlio  emigrated 
to  Genrftia,  and  he  was  tlie  youngest  child.  Hope- 
fully converted  at  an  early  age,  he  was  baptized  by 
Jesse  Mercer ;  was  licensed  at  twenty  years  of  age, 
and  began  to  preach  in  Butts  County,  where  he 
had  settled  about  182.3.  He  was  instrumental,  soon 
after  being  licensed,  in  constituting  Macedonia 
church  in  Butts  County,  of  which  he  continued 
pastor  thirty  years,  residing  all  the  while  upon  a 
farm  which  belonged  to  him.  Besides  Macedonia, 
Mr.  Carter  was  the  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Holly 
Grove,  Indian  Springs,  and  other  places  ;  but,  while 
his  labors  were  confined  mostly  to  Butts  and  con- 
tiguous counties,  he  frequently  made  extensive 
pireaching  tours  to  other  parts  of  the  State,  and, 
owing  to  his  strong  constitution  and  vigorous 
health,  performed  an  immense  amount  of  labor. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Campbell,  in  his  '•  Georgia  Baptists,"' 
says,  "  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  of  our  ministers 
ever  preached  more,  or  did  more  good  by  preaching, 
than  .James  Carter."  During  his  long  pastorate  of 
the  Macedonia  church  he  received  into  it,  by  bap- 
tism at  his  own  hands.  lOOU  members;  and  he  bap- 
tized, in  addition,  not  less  than  lOUO  others,  accord- 
ing to  his  own  statement.  His  zeal  was  as  ardent 
as  that  of  Paul,  and  his  doctrinal  sentiments  were 
as  strongly  Calvinistic  as  those  of  Paul  himself. 
He  was  a  powerful  preacher,  and  some  of  his  ap- 
peals to  sinners  were  exceedingly  impressive  and 
convincing.  Among  his  brethren  he  was  regarded 
as  a  pious,  devout,  sound,  and  zealous  preacher 
of  a  high  order,  whose  successful  labors  won  for 
him  universal  respect.  For  years  he  was  moderator 
of  the  Flint  River  Association,  which,  at  its  session 
following  his  death,  listened  to  a  funeral  discourse 
in  his  honor  In'  Rev.  -J.  II.  Campbell. 

It  was  at  the  house  of  James  Carter  that  Jesse 
Mercer  died.  They  were  old  and  attached  friends, 
and  when  Jesse  Mercer  was  at  Indian  Springs  for 
his  health  in  1841,  he  visited  Mr.  Carter,  and  was 
taken  worse  and  expired,  amid  the  most  careful 
and  loving  attentions. 

Carter,  Rev.  Joseph  E.,  was  born  in  Murfrces- 
borough,  N.  C,  Feb.  C,  1836  ;  was  baptized  in  1852 ; 
road  law,  and  began  to  practice  in  1857  ;  graduated 
from  Union  Tniversity  in  1861  ;  was  ordained  at 
Murfreesborough,  N.  C,  June  30,  1861,  'Dr.  A.  M. 
Poindexter  preaching  the  sermon  ;  served  churches 
in  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  Alabama  as  pastor 
and  evangelist,  and  accepted  a  call  to  Wilson,  N.  C, 
in  March,  1880  ;  a  zealous,  gifted,  and  useful  man. 

Carter,  Rev.  John  W.,  was  born  in  Albemarle 
Co.,  Va..  Dec.  31.  ISilCi.  When  he  was  seven  years 
of  age  his  )iarents  removed  to  Upshur  Co.,  A\  .  Va., 
where  he  grow  up  to  manhood.  He  was  a  diligent 
student  in  private,  and  an  industrious  pupil  at  Al- 
leghany College,  and  now  he  is  one  of  the  most 
scholarly   ministers  in  the    State.     He  was  con- 


verted and  baptized  in  1858,  and  ordained  in  1860. 
He  labored  for  some  years  in  country  churches  in 
Lewisand  UpshurCountics,  and  in  1864  took  charge 
of  the  church  in   Parkersburg,  where  he  still  sus- 


REV.  JOHN'    W.  CARTER. 

tains  the  pastoral  relation.  The  church  has  built 
a  fine  edifice  since  Mr.  Carter  became  its  pastor, 
and  has  prospered  in  other  ways.  Mr.  Carter  is 
a  preacher  of  acknowledged  ability,  and  a  minister 
of  great  piety  and  worth. 

Carter,  Prof.  Paschal,  was  bom  in  Benson, 
Vt.,  Sept.  IT,  IsGT.  His  father  was  Josiah  Carter, 
a  Revolutionary  soldier  and  sea-captain,  and  his 
mother,  Charlotte  De  Angelis,  was  ofltalian  descent. 
After  persistent  toil  he  entered  Middlebury  College, 
Vt.,  in  1825,  and  graduated  with  honor  in  1829. 
On  leaving  college  he  became  tutor  in  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  was  subsequently 
principal  of  the  Keysville  Academy,  N.  Y.,  agent 
of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Tract  Society,  and 
principal  of  the  Academy  of  South  Reading,  Mass., 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  flourishing  schools  of 
that  day.  In  1S32  he  became  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Xatural  Philosophy  in  Granville  Col- 
lege,©., and  remained  in  this  position  over  twenty- 
two  years.  During  part  of  this  time  he  taught  the 
anciertt  languages  and  other  branches,  and  most  of 
the  time  he  was  the  college  treasurer, — a  difficult 
and  responsible  position.  In  1854  he  resigned  his 
chair  at  Granville,  and  accepted  a  similar  position 
in  Georgetown  College,  Ky.  After  an  interim  of 
two  y^ears  spent  in  business  life  he  became,  in  1858, 
president  of  Central  Collegiate  Institute,  Ala., 
where  he  remaineduntil  1861.     Since  1861  he  has 


CARTWKIGHr 


100 


CASTLE 


been  living  at  Centralia,  111.,  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits. 

Cartwright,  Rev.  Immanuel,  was  born  in 
Tennessee.  He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1854,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  First  African  church,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  held  efficiently  for  twenty  years. 
Tiar^e  additions  were  made  to  the  membership,  till 
it  numbered  over  a  thousand.  He  is  awaiting  the 
appointed  time  for  the  Masters  call  to  his  eternal 
home. 

Gary,  Rev.  Lott,  was' born  a  slave  about  1780, 
in  Vir^'inia.  In  18u4  he  was  brought  to  Richmond, 
where  for  a  time  he  led  a  depraved  life ;  the  Spirit 
of  God,  however,  changed  his  heart  and  gave  him 
fiiith  in  Jesus.  He  was  baptized  in  1807  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Richmond, 
by  which  he  was  subsequently  licensed  to  preach. 
He  taught  himself,  with  some  little  aid,  to  read  ;  he 
bought  his  freedom  and  the  liberty  of  his  two  chil- 
dren. In  1815  he  became  deeply  interested  in 
African  missions,  and  at  last  he  resolved  to  carry 
the  gospel  there  himself.  In  1821  he  was  ordained 
to  the  missionary  work,  and  appointed  to  labor  in 
Africa  by  the  board  of  the  Baptist  General  Conven- 
tion. In  1822  he  settled  in  Liberia.  He  ministered 
faithfully  to  the  church  originally  formed  in  Rich- 
mond, then  located  in  Monrovia.  He  spent  much 
time  in  instructing  the  Africans  who  had  been 
rescued  from  slave-ships;  he  labored  successfully 
to  establish  schools.  In  1824  he  was  appointed 
physician  to  the  settlers,  a  position  the  duties  of 
which  his  studies  of  the  diseases  of  the  country 
enabled  him  to  discharge  ;  in  1S28  he  became  acting 
governor  of  Liberia.  He  perished  by  an  accident, 
Nov.  8,  1828.  He  was  beloved  by  all  his  people, 
and  greatly  blessed  of  God. 

Case,  Rev.  Isaac. — "  Father  C.ise'"  was  bom  at 
Reliobotli.  .Mass.,  Feb.  25,  1761.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  became  a  subject  of  God's  converting 
grace.  He  was  oi-daincd  in  1783,  and  went  to 
Maine.  He  was,  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  an 
evangelist,  and  when  converts  to  Christ  were  made, 
he  formed  them  into  churches,  some  of  which  after- 
wards became  able  and  most  useful  organizations. 
"  Of  the  number  of  converts  to  whom  he  adminis- 
tered the  ordinance  of  baptism,  he  kept  no  account, 
but  he  supposed  them  to  have  been  more  than  a 
thousand."  Mr.  Case  lived  to  an  advanced  age, 
and  died  at  Readfleld,  Me.,  Nov.  3,  1852.  AVithout 
rcmarkaVde  talents,  by  his  earnest  piety  and  good 
common  sense  he  became  one  of  the  most  useful 
ministers  of  his  day. 

Castle,  John  Harvard,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Milestown,  I'liil.adelpliia,  Pa.,  in  1830;  baptized  in 
1846 ;  graduated  from  the  Central  High  School, 
of  Philadelphia,  1847.  In  the  same  year  he  en- 
tered the  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  where  he 
graduated  with  first  honors  in  1851,  and  from  that 


institution  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1.S66.  He  completed  his  studies  at 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  in  1853, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Broad  Street 
Baptist  church,  Philadelphia.  He  was  ordained  at 
Pottsville,  Pa.,  where  he  labored  for  two  years  and 
a  half,  after  which  he  settled  with  the  church  at 
Newburgh,  N.  Y.  In  18.59  he  returned  to  his  native 
city,  and  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  West  Philadelphia.     Here  he  re- 


'  .\i\u    K..\ai  I 


mained  for  fourteen  years,  universally  beloved  by 
the  church  and  community.  Here  also  he  gave 
much  time  and  lalmr  to  missionary  and  educational 
interests,  serving  on  the  boards  of  the  Publication 
and  Education  Societies,  the  General  Association, 
the  trustees  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  and  of 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  He  served  as  mod- 
erator of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  and 
was  also  elected  president  of  the  Ministerial  Confer- 
ence. In  the  spring  of  1871  he  traveled  extensively 
in  Europe. 

In  1872  he  was  urgently  invited  to  take  charge 
of  the  Bond  Street  church  of  Toronto,  Canada, 
which  invitation  he  accepted,  and  commenced  his 
pastorate  there  Feb.  1,  1873.  In  this  field  of  labor 
he  still  remains,  in  close  and  affectionate  relations 
with  his  people.  A  secul.ar  journal  in  Toronto, 
under  date  of  Oct.  5,  1877,  thus  speaks  of  him  : 

"Into  the  work  of  the  denomination  and  in  all 
Christian  movements  he  has  thrown  himself  with 
all  his  heart,  and  has  become  a  leading  spirit 
therein.  His  congregation  has  increased  rapidly 
and  erected  a  handsome  church  building,  which  is 


CASTLE 


191 


CASWELL 


now  one  of  the  recognized  sights  of  the  city.  He 
is  a  strong  temperance  advocate,  and  a  consistent 
enemy  to  frivolity  of  all  descriptions.  Ilia  oratori- 
cal powers  are  of  a  high  order,  his  enunciation  being 
singularly  distinct,  and  his  manner  graceful  and 
cfl'octive.  Though  an  earnest  upholder  of  the  doc- 
trines of  his  denomination,  he  seldom  gives  utter- 
ance to  any  remarks  which  members  of  other  com- 
munions cannot  listen  to  without  impatience. 
Never  slow  to  do  battle  when  controversies  arise, 
he  proves  an  adept  in  polemics  ;  but  is  ever  ready 
to  recognize  and  admire  all  that  is  Christ-like 
beyond  liis  own  ecclesiastical  boundaries.'' 

Castle,  Prof.  Orlando  L.,  for  some  twenty- 
seven  years  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-Lettres 
in  ShurtlefiF  College,  was  born  at  Jericho,  Chittenden 
Co.,  Vt.,  July  20,  1822.  When  he  was  about  ten 
years  of  age  the  family  removed  to  Ohio,  and  at 
Granville  College,  in  that  State,  he  received  his 
education,  graduating  in  1846.  His  first  service  in 
education  was  as  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Zanesville,  0.  In  1853  he  was  invited  to  the 
professorship  at  Alton,  which  he  still  holds.  The 
length  of  time  during  which  he  has  occupied  this 
chair  bears  witness  to  the  value  of  his  service,  a  tes- 
timony confirmed  by  that  of  the  many  students  who 
have  enjoyed  his  instruction,  lie  is  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Upper  Alton,  a  genial  and 
cultured  Christian  gentleman,  a  trained  scholar  in 
the  classics  and  in  mathematics,  as  well  as  in  his 
special  department,  and  he  is  a  superior  teacher. 

Caswell,  Alexis,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  educators  and  most  widely-known  minis- 
ters in  the  denomination,  was  born  in  Taunton, 
Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1799.  lie  was  a  twin  brother  of 
Alvaris  Caswell,  of  Norton,  Mass.  His  ancestors 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  his  native  town, 
and  devoted  themselves  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
The  suljject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  boyhood 
days  on  the  paternal  farm.  The  bent  of  his  mind 
towards  a  larger  and  better  culture  than  he  could 
expect  to  obtain  if  he  devoted  himself  to  the  calling 
of  his  father  early  showed  itself,  and  nothing  but 
a  full  collegiate  course  of  study  would  satisfy  him. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Freshman  class  in  Brown  University,  where  he  was 
graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class  in 
1822.  It  was  during  his  college  course  that  he  be- 
came a  decided,  and  what  he  ever  continued  to  be, 
a  most  cheerful  and  consistent  Christian.  In  July, 
1820,  he  was  received  into  the  membership  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  ami  his  con- 
nection with  that  venerable  church  was  never  dis- 
solved until  the  tie  was  severed  by  death. 

Soon  after  closing  his  college  studies  he  became 
a  tutor  in  what  was  then  Columbian  College,  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  being  one  of  the  earliest  in- 
structors in  the  institution.     His  connection  with 


the  college  continued  for  five  years.  In  1.S2.')  he 
was  raised  from  the  rank  of  tutor  to  that  of  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Ancient  Languages.  But  it  was  not 
his  purpose  to  devote  himself  to  the  profession  of 
teaching.  His  strong  desire  was  to  become  a 
preacher  of  the  gospel.  The  eloquent  Dr.  William 
Staughton  was  the  president  of  the  college,  and 
under  his  guidance  Prof.  Caswell  read  theology 
and  prepared  sermons,  enjoying  also  the  instruc- 
tions of  Dr.  Irah  Chace  in  the  Hebrew.  Having 
thus  prepared  himself  for  what  no  doubt  he  con- 
sidered would  be  his  life-work,  he  was  directed  by 
a  somewhat  remarkable  providence  of  God  to  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  ordained  as  a  Chris- 
tian minister,  and  agreed,  temporarily  at  letist,  to 
act  as  pastor  of  the  recently  organized  Baptist 
church  in  that  city.     "It  was  a  ministry,"  says 


.4LEXIS    CASWEI.I.,   D.D.,   LI..U. 

Prof  Lincoln,  ''  fruitful  of  good  to  himself  and  his 
people.  It  was  one  which  laid  under  contribution 
all  the  resources  he  could  command,  botli  intellec- 
tual and  spiritual ;  for  though  the  church  was  not 
large,  yet  it  united,  especially  in  the  persons  of 
its  leaders,  intelligence,  culture,  and  social  consid- 
eration with  a  simple  and  sincere  piety,  and  nn 
earnest  desire  fur  growth  in  Christian  knowledge 
and  experience,  and  in  Christian  service.  "  We  are 
told  that  "  he  was  a  popular  and  attractive  preacher, 
and  that  his  discourses,  which  were  written,  but 
preached  without  the  use  of  notes,  attracted  full 
and  overflowing  houses." 

It  might  seem  as  if  such  evident  adapteilness  to 
the  active  labors  of  the  ministry,  and  marked  suc- 
cess in  that  work,  plainly  pointed  out  what  were 


CASWELL 


192 


CASWELL 


the  sure  indications  of  Divine  Providence  as  to  liis 
future  oarpcr.  His  reputation  as  a  preacher  and 
pastor  led  the  church  of  wiiich  he  was  a  nieinlier — 
the  First  churcli  in  Providence — to  thinlc  of  liini  as 
a  most  suitable  person  to  fill  the  place  made  vacant 
by  the  resignation  of  their  venerable  minister, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Uano.  But  before  any  action  could 
be  taken  on  the  subject  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Brown 
University,  and  assumed  the  duties  of  his  professor- 
ship at  the  commencement  of  the  fall  term  of  1828. 
He  at  once  and  most  heartily  enteied  into  the  plans 
of  the  new  president.  Dr.  Wayland,  and  faithfully 
stood  by  him,  as  he  endeavored,  with  what  success 
is  well  known,  to  raise  the  standard  of  education 
in  the  college  of  which  he  was  the  honored  head. 
The  fortunes  of  the  university  were  at  this  time  at 
a  low  ebb,  and  only  by  generous  sacrifice  and  he- 
roic, persistent  effort  was  the  tide  in  its  affairs 
made  to  rise.  Prof.  Caswell  threw  himself  into  the 
work  he  had  undertaken  with  his  characteristic 
zeal, — a  zeal  coupled  with  good  sense  and  sound 
judgment.  He  labored  for  the  interests  of  his  be- 
loved abna  mater  not  only  in  his  special  depart- 
ment of  instruction,  but  outside  of  college  walls  he 
enlisted  the  sympathy  and  secured  the  substantial 
aid  of  its  friends  in  promoting  in  many  ways  its 
prosperity.  But  amid  the  most  engrossing  labors 
of  the  profession  to  which  he  consecrated  his  best 
energies.  Prof.  Caswell  never  lost  sight  of  that 
higher  calling,  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
which  he  had  expected  to  spend  his  days.  If  he 
was  the  college  instructor,  he  was  also  the  Chris- 
tian minister.  As  Prof.  Lincoln  has  so  well  said, 
"To  his  habitual  conception,  religion  and  educa- 
tion were  indissolubly  united,  and  the  Christian 
religion  was  the  soul  and  the  sacred  presiding 
penius  of  a  place  of  education.  To  his  view  a  col- 
lege was  a  fountain  not  merely  of  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, but  of  a  Christian  liberal  education  ;  not  Chris- 
tian, however,  in  the  sense  of  giving  theological 
instruction,  or  only  training  men  to  be  of  service 
as  pastcir»  and  preachers,  though  he  never  forgot 
that  leading  design  of  the  fathers  of  this  college 
and  other  colleges  of  New  England,  but  Christian 
in  tlie  more  catholic  sense  of  educating  and  rear- 
ing up  Christian  men  for  Christian  service  in  what- 
soever vocation  and  business  of  life.' 

Dr.  Caswell  went  abroad  in  18G0,  and  spent  a 
year  making  himself  familiar  with  the  .«cenes  and 
the  social  life  of  the  Old  World.  Among  scientific 
men,  whose  special  attention  had  been  devoted  to 
the  study  of  astronomy,  which  was  his  favorite 
branch  of  instruction,  he  met  with  a  cordial  wel- 
come. His  genial  and  'affable  manners,  his  in- 
quiring spirit,  and  warm  enthusiasm  in  the  direc- 
tion of  research  into  the  wonderful  mysteries  of 
the   heavens,  won   for   him    a  warm   place  in  the 


hearts  of  those  whose  pursuits  were  kindred  to  his 
own,  and  he  formed  friendships  which  remained 
unbroken  until  death.  When  he  came  back  to  his 
home  he  resumed  at  once  the  duties  of  his  profes- 
sion, and  continued  his  official  relations  with  Brown 
University  until  the  fall  of  1863,  when  he  resigned 
his  professorship,  after  having  so  ably  filled  the 
chair  he  had  occupied  for  thirty-five  years. 

A  few  years  of  varied  service  were  spent  in  the 
community  in  which  he  was  so  well  known  and  so 
highly  respected  and  loved.  The  resignation  of 
Dr.  Sears  as  president  of  Brown  University  to 
enter  upon  that  career  of  usefulness  to  which  for 
so  many  years  he  has  devoted  himself,  was  followed 
in  a  few  months  by  the  election  of  Dr.  Caswell  to 
the  office  thus  vacated,  .\lthough  sixty-nine  years 
of  age  when  thus  called  to  this  responsible  posi- 
tion, no  one  on  terms  of  familiar  intimacy  with 
him  ever  thought  of  the  new  president  as  being  an 
old  man.  He  was  in  vigorous  health.  The  press- 
ure of  so  many  years  even,  as  he  had  lived,  had 
not  bowed  that  manly,  erect  form.  He  was  the 
model  of  Christian  refinement  and  gentlemanly 
courtesy,  and  had  a  rare  gift  for  commanding  the 
respect  and  winning  the  affection  of  young  men. 
The  expectations  of  his  friends  in  calling  hira  to  the 
presidency  of  the  university  were  not  disappointed, 
and  his  administration  of  its  affairs  proved  to  be  a 
success.  For  nearly  five  years  he  discharged  the 
duties  which  devolved  on  him  as  the  head  of  an  in- 
stitution with  which  he  had  so  long  been  connected. 
His  resignation  took  place  in  September,  1872,  and 
he  once  more  retired  to  comparatively  private  life. 
For  thirty-nine  years  and  a  half  he  had  filled  an 
important  place  in  the  de|iartment  of  instruction 
in  Brown  University,  and  for  nearly  the  rest  of  his 
life  he  watched  over  its  interests  as  a  member  of 
its  corporation,  first  as  a  trustee  and  then  as  a 
Fellow.  No  one  person  has  been  so  long  and  so 
closely  identified  with  all  that  concerned  its  pros- 
perity as  Dr.  Caswell. 

Space  does  not  permit  to  enumerate  all  the  posi- 
tions of  trust  and  honor  to  which,  during  his  long 
and  useful  life,  Dr.  Caswell  was  called.  He  was 
warmly  attached  to  the  denomination  with  which 
in  his  early  manhood  he  connected  himself.  In 
everything  that  had  to  do  with  its  elevation  he  took 
the  liveliest  interest.  The  cause  of  sound  theologi- 
cal learning  always  found  in  him  a  warm  friend. 
Through  his  whole  life  he  took  an  active  part  in 
promoting  the  prosperity  of  the  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution,  succeeding  to  the  presidency  of  its 
board  of  trustees  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Sharp,  and 
retaining  to  the  close  of  life  his  place  on  that 
board.  The  cause  of  foreign  missions  had  no  more 
earnest  advocate  and  friend  than  he.  He  was 
chosen  president  of  the  Missionary  Union  in  1867, 
and  re-elected  in  1868.     Like  his  early  pupil  and 


CATE 


193 


CATECHUMENI 


lifelong  friend,  Baron  Stow,  Ijoth  pen  and  voice 
were  empldyed  in  doing  wliat  he  could  to  hasten 
the  coining  of  the  day  when  the  knowledge  of  the 
Lord  shall  be  the  common  heritage  of  the  nations 
of  the  earth.  The  Baptist  denomination  may  justly 
be  proud  of  having  had  in  its  ranlts  an  educator  of 
so  large  and  worthy  a  reputation,  and  a  minister 
of  Jesus  who  rendered  such  efficient  aid  in  ad- 
vancing its  best  interests  in  so  many  directions. 

Gate,  Rev.  George  W.,  was  bom  in  Sunborn- 
ton,  N.  II.,  in  181.5.  He  became  a  hopeful  Christian 
while  residing  in  Amesbury,  Mass.  He  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  for  the  Christian  ministry 
at  New  Hampton  and  Hampton  Falls,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  1S41,  and  at  Newton 
in  1844.  In  September  of  1S44  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Barre,  Mass.  His  min- 
istry with  this  church  continued  for  four  years.  He 
was  then  obliged  to  give  up  preaching  on  account 
of  his  health.  For  a  few  months  he  lingered,  and 
then  passed  away.  His  death  took  ]]lace  May  13, 
1849.  After  much  long  and  thorough  preparation 
for  his  work,  it  seemed  mysterious  that  this  servant 
of  Christ  should  have  been  removed  so  early  in  his 
public  ministry,  but  the  Master  whom  he  tried  to 
serve  knew  best  what  disposition  to  )nake  of  him. 

Catechumeni,  or  Catechumens,  Baptism  of. 
— Believers  who  received  the  Word  gladly  were  the 
subjects  of  baptism  in  the  Saviour's  day  and  during 
the  ministry  of  his  apostles.  About  .\.d.  150,  the 
same  class  of  persons  received  baptism.  Justin 
Martyr,  one  of  the  most  talented  and  reliable  of 
the  early  Christian  writers,  saj's,  "  In  what  manner 
we  dedicate  ourselves  to  Ood,  after  being  renewed 
by  Christ,  we  will  now  explain,  lest  by  omitting 
we  should  seem  to  dissemble  in  our  statement ;  as 
many  as  are  persuaded  and  believe  that  the  things 
which  we  teach  and  declare  are  true,  and  promise 
that  they  are  determined  to  live  .■iccordingly,  are 
taught  to  pray  to  God,  and  to  beseech  him  with 
fasting  to  grant  them  remission  for  their  past  sins, 
while  we  also  pray  and  fast  with  them.  We  then 
lead  them  to  a  place  where  there  is  water,  and  then 
they  are  regenerated  (baptized)  in  the  same  manner 
as  we  al.so  were,  for  they  receive  a  washing  in 
water  ('(f  ■Tii'\ii<ni.\  in  the  name  of  find,  the  Father 
and  Lord  of  the  universe,  and  of  our  Saviour,  Jesus 
Christ." '  The  "  Apology,"  from  which  this  is  taken, 
was  addressed  to  the  emperor  Antoninus  Pius,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  about  its  authenticity.  Accord- 
ing to  .Justin,  the  only  persons  bapti7.e<l  in  his  day 
were  believers,  resolved  to  live  for  God.  Later 
than  his  time,  but  still  in  the  second  century,  before 
men  were  baptized  they  were  instructed  for  some 
time  and  catechized,  and  then  baptized.  This  cate- 
chumenical  system  preceded  baptism  for  centuries 
in  the  Christian  church.  The  most  celebrated 
school  for  catechumeni  in  the  Christian  world  was 


at  Alexandria,  in  Egypt,  and  Origen  was  its  most 
distinguished  instructor,  as  he  had  been  its  most 
illustrious  pupil  under  Cluneus  Alexandrinus.' 
Catechists,  to  conduct  the  instruction  of  the  cate- 
chumeni, in  process  of  time  were  appointed  all  over 
the  Christian  world  ;  and  twice  a  year  the  scholars 
went  forth  to  Vjaptisin,  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide 
in  the  West,  and  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide,  or  at 
the  Epiphany,  in  the  East.  No  catechised  candi- 
date for  baptism  employed  another  to  profess  his 
faith,  he  attended  to  that  duty  himself. 

The  learned  Bingham  says,  "  The  nicrTbc.  or  be- 
lievers, being  siic/i  as  were  baptized,  and  thereby 
made  complete  and  perfect  Christians,  were  upon 
that  account  dignified  with  several  titles  of  honor 
and  marks  of  distinction  above  the  catechumens;" 
after  mentioning  their  titles,  he  describes  their 
privileges  :  "  It  was  their  sole  prerogative  to  partake 
of  the  Lord's  Supper,"  "another  of  their  preroga- 
tives above  the  catechumens  was  to  stay  and  join 
with  the  minister  in  all  the  prayers  of  the  church, 
which  the  catechumens  were  not  allowed  to  do,  the 
use  of  the  Lord's  prayer  was  the  sole  prerogative 
of  the  TTio-Toi  (believers)  ;  the  catechumens  were  not 
allowed  to  say  '  Our  Father'  till  they  had  first 
made  themselves  sons  by  regeneration  in  the 
waters  of  baptism.  They  were  admitted  to  hear  all 
discourses  made  in  the  church,  even  those  that 
treated  of  the  most  abstruse  and  profound  mysteries 
of  the  Christian  religion,  which  the  catechumens 
were  strictly  prohibited  from  hearing."  Bingham 
speaks  of  four  classes  of  catechumeni,  those  who- 
were  instructed  privately,  the  bearers,  the  kneelers, 
and  the  competentes  and  electi,  that  is,  those  who 
petitioned  for  baptism,  and  were  chosen  to  observe 
that  sacred  ordinance.  They  were  strictly  ex- 
amined, according  to  Bingham,  in  the  Christian  in- 
structions imparted  to  them  by  the  catechist  before 
they  were  elected  to  receive  baptism. 

As  the  same  erudite  writer  informs  us,  the  cate- 
chumeni were  placed  with  their  faces  to  the  west, 
the  region  of  darkness,  and  there  they  renounced 
the  devil  and  his  works,  and  the  world  with  its 
luxury  and  pleasures.  And  they  struck  their  hands 
tocether  as  if  they  were  ready  for  conflict  with 
Satan.  They  afterwards  faced  the  east,  the  region 
of  light,  where  the  rising  sun  first  appears,  that 
before  the  sun  of  righteousness  they  might  record 
their  sacred  profession  as  Christians.  They  made 
a  solemn  vow  of  obedience  to  God,  and  "  there  was 
also  exacted  a  profession  of  faith  of  ereri/  person  lo 
be  baptized.  And  this  was  always  to  be  made  in 
the  same  words  of  the  creed  that  every  church  used 
for  the  baptism  of  her  catechumens."  '  They  were 
solemnly  questioned  publicly  in  the  church  on  the 
several  parts  of  the  Christian  faith,  and  after  some 
ceremonial  observances  without  warrant  of  Scrip- 
ture they  were  led  into  the  baptismal  waters  and 


CATECHUMENI 


194 


CATECHUMENI 


immersed.  Ambrose  of  Milan  gives  us  an  illustra- 
tion of  believot's  baptism  in  catechunicnical  times 
when  he  says,  "  Thou  wast  asked,  Dost  thou  be- 
lieve in  God  the  omnipotent  Father?  and  thou 
saidst,  I  believe  ;  and  thou  wast  immersed,  that  is, 
thou  wast  buried.  Ajjain  thou  wast  asked.  Dost 
thou  believe  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  in  his 
cross?  and  thou  saidst,  I  believe;  and  thou  wast 
immersed,  and  thurefore  thou  wast  buried  with 
Christ,  for  he  who  is  buried  with  Christ  shall  rise 
with  Christ;  a  third  time  thou  wast  asked.  Dost 
thou  believe  in  the  Holy  Spirit?  and  a  third  time 
thou  wast  immersed,  .  .  .  for  when  thou  dost  im- 
merse (mergis)  thou  dost  form  a  likeness  of  death 
and  burial.''*  The  baptism  of  the  catechumeni, 
the  baptism  of  the  Chureh  Universal  (Catholic) 
was  the  immersion  of  professed  believers. 

According  to  the  forty-second  canon  of  the  Coun- 
cil Eliberis,  or  Elvira,  held  about  a.d.  305,  the  reg- 
ular period  of  probation  for  the  catechumeni  was 
two  years.  In  special  cases  it  might  be  shortened, 
but  this  was  the  ordinary  time.  It  reads,  "Those 
who  give  in  their  names  to  be  entered  into  the 
church  shall  be  baptized  two  years  after,  if  they 
lead  a  regular  life,  unles.s  they  are  obliged  to  relieve 
them  sooner  upon  account  of  any  dangerous  sick- 
ness, or  that  it  is  judged  convenient  to  grant  them 
this  grace  because  of  the  fervor  of  their  prayers."  * 
The  two  years'  probation,  the  fervent  prayers,  and 
the  catechetical  instruction  unite  in  showing  that 
candidates  for  baptism  were  not  babes,  but  enlight- 
ened persons. 

It  is  pretended  that  catechumenical  instruction 
was  only  for  converts  from  heathenism.  This  state- 
ment is  entirely  unsupported  by  evidence.  The 
catechumenical  preparation  was  a  prerequisite  to 
baptism  for  all  classes  of  persons  for  ages,  except 
in  the  case  of  a  babe  threatened  with  death,  after 
superstition  created  and  gave  a  little  encourage- 
ment to  infant  baptism. 

For  various  reasons  intiint  baptism  made  slow 
progress  against  the  liaptism  of  catechised  persons. 
It  was  thought  that  baptism  washed  out  all  sin, 
and  parents  regai-ded  it  as  an  unwise  waste  of  so 
great  a  treasure  to  apply  it  to  babes  who  had  only 
Adam's  guilt,  when  they  would  need  its  cleansing 
power  so  much  more  as  they  grew  older.  Hence, 
even  in  Africa,  the  dark  birthplace  of  infant  im- 
mersion, and  in  the  days  of  Augustine,  the  grand 
patron  of  the  unscriptural  rite,  we  find  that  it  was 
necessary  to  use  the  curses  of  an  episcopal  council 
to  help  infant  baptism  in  its  efforts  to  spread.  The 
Council  of  Carthage,  held  ,\.d.  41S,  in  its  sec{md 
canon  "pronounces  an  anathema  against  such  as 
deny  that  children  ought  to  be  baptized  as  soon  as 
they  are  born.''  "  The  bishops  of  Africa  had  hearers 
who  needed  maledictions,  and  a  good  many  of  them, 
to  give  up  the  baptism  of  believers.     No  cur.ses 


are  needed  now  in  Pedobaptist  clerical  assemblies 
to  assist  the  infant  rite  into  extensive  popularity. 
At  least,  none  have  been  needed  for  centuries,  until 
within  the  last  fifty  years,  when  our  principles 
have  invaded  the  strongholds  of  Pedobaptism  and 
injured  it  in  the  sanctuaries  of  its  friends. 

The  great  Basil  was  born  of  pious  parents,  and 
baptized,  after  being  a  catechumenus,  in  his  twenty- 
eighth  year.'  The  same  thing  is  true  of  <Jregorv 
Nazianzen,  Ambrose,  Jerome,  and  Augustine,  the 
distinguished  churchmen  of  the  fourth  century,  and 
in  the  case  of  Augustine,  of  the  fourth  and  a  part 
of  the  fifth.  Gibbon,  speaking  of  this  period,  says, 
"  The  discretion  of  parents  often  suspended  the 
baptism  of  their  (diildren  till  they  could  understand 
the  obligations  they  contracted  ;  the  sacrament  of 
baptism  was  supposed  to  contain  a  full  and  absolute 
expiation  of  sin,  the  soul  was  instantly  restored  to 
its  original  purity,  and  entitled  to  the  promise  of 
eternal  salvation." "  Archliishop  Cranmer  says, 
"  St.  Gregory  Nazianzen,  as  great  a  clerk  (clergy- 
man) as  ever  was  in  Christ's  church,  and  master  to 
St.  Ilierome,  counseled  that  children  should  not 
be  baptized  until  they  came  to  three  years  of  age, 
or  thereabout,  except  they  were  in  danger  of  life."  ' 
Cranmer's  testimony  about  Gregory's  advice  is  cor- 
rect, ))Ut  ho  might  have  added  that  even  this  famous 
archbishop  of  Constantinople  was  liocdcd  by  few 
about  the  early  reception  of  baptism  ;  that  the 
reigning  emperor,  Theodosius,  "  who,  according  to 
Socrates,  had  been  instructed  in  Christian  prin- 
ciples by  his  pious  ancestors,"  only  submitted  to 
baptism  when  dangerously  ill  at  Thessalonica ;'" 
and  that  baptisms  at  three  years  old  were  rare  oc- 
currences. The  celebrated  Bishop  Jewel  says,  "  Like- 
wise in  old  times  they  that  were  called  catechumeni 
were  warned  aforehand  to  prepare  their  hearts  that 
they  might  worthily  receive  baptism.''  "  After 
making  the  statement  he  proceeds  to  quote  Clement 
and  Augustine  in  support  of  it.  Mosheim,  speak- 
ing of  the  third  century,  says,  "Baptism  was  pub- 
licly administered  twice  a  year  to  candidates  who 
had  gone  through  a  long  preparation  and  trial."  " 
Neander  declares  the  same  thing,  speaking  of  the 
early  churches.  "Many  pious  but  mistaken  pa- 
rents .  .  .  wished  rather  to  reserve  liaptisnial  grace 
(for  their  children)  against  the  more  decided  and 
mature  age  of  manhood,  as  a  refuge  from  the 
temptations  and  storms  of  an  uncertain  life."  '■' 
The  baptism  of  catechised  persons,  after  the  apos- 
tolic age  and  the  times  of  the  primitive  fathers, 
spread  everywhere,  and  it  existed  for  centuries 
after  it  is  commonly  supposed  that  infant  baptism 
had  banished  it  from  the  world.  'We  Iiave  this 
statement  confirmed  by  the  administration  of  bap- 
tism only  twice  a  year,  on  two  important  church 
feasts,  down  at  least  in  many  cases  to  the  tenth 
century.    In  the  'West,  the  great  baptisms  at  Easter 


CATECHUMENI 


195 


CATECHUMENI 


and  Whitsuntide  were  in  their  full  <;lory  in  the 
nintli  century.  They  were  universal  for  adults  in 
the  fourth  century.  And  there  is  every  reason  for 
believing  that  in  many  cases  the  children  baptized 
in  the  ninth  century  were  in  some  degree  instructed, 
though  no  doubt  it  was  but  to  a  limited  extent. 
One  hundred  years  ago  every  child  in  Europe  and 
America  of  Pedoliaptist  parentage  was  baptized 
within  a  month  after  birtli.  In  the  ninth  century, 
and  afterwards,  only  sick  children  were  baptized, 
except  at  Easter  and  Pentecost.  The  abandonment 
of  the  two  great  baptisms  in  the  year  shows  an 
unquestionable  change  in  the  subjects  of  the  rite. 
Mihnan  says,  "  At  Easter  and  Pentecost,  and  in 
some  places  at  the  Epiphany,  baptism  was  admin- 
istered publicly,  that  is,  in  the  presence  of  the 
faithful,  to  all  the  converts  of  the  year."  "  The 
Council  of  Gerunda,  held  in  A.n.  517,  in  its  fourth 
and  fifth  canons,  decrees,  "  Baptism  shall  be  ad- 
ministered only  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide;  at  the 
other  festivals  only  the  sick  shall  be  baptized. 
Children  shall  be  baptized  whenever  they  are  pre- 
sented if  ihetj  he  sick  or  cannot  imrse  the  breasts  '" 
This  baptism  is  clearly  for  the  old  candidates,  and 
only  sick  infants  are  to  receive  the  rite  at  other 
times.  Pope  Nicholas  I.,  in  his  69th  letter,  written 
A.D.  858,  testifies  that  "  the  solemn  times  of  admin- 
istering baptism  are  the  feasts  of  Easter  and  Whit- 
suntide, but  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  observe  this 
(rule)  in  regard  to  people  newly  converted,  or  in 
reference  to  those  in  danger  of  death."  '*  In  808, 
the  Council  of  Worms,  in  its  first  canon,  decreed 
"that  baptism  should  be  solemnly  administered 
only  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide."  "  In  895,  the 
Council  of  Tribur,  in  its  twelfth  canon,  ordained 
that  "  the  sacrament  of  baptism  should  not  be 
administered  out  of  the  solemn  times — at  Easter 
and  Whitsuntide."  '*  Whitsuntide,  it  has  been 
justly  observed,  "was  one  of  the  stated  times  for 
baptism  in  the  ancient  church,  when  those  who 
were  baptized  put  on  white  garments  aa  types  of 
that  spiritual  purity  they  receive  in  baptism,"  " 
hence  the  name,  Whitsunday,  Whitmonday.  This 
is  a  season  of  rejoicing  in  several  European  coun- 
tries now,  though  the  grand  baptisms  have  ceased 
long  since.  In  the  ninth  century  they  still  had  the 
two  groat  annual  baptisms,  and  the  customs  that 
obtained  when  all  the  candidates  for  baptism  were 
instructed  beforehand.  Of  course,  if  the  present 
practice  of  infant  baptism  had  prevailed,  and  each 
child  had  been  baptized  ,a  few  days  after  birth,  the 
Easter  and  Pentecost  baptisn\s  would  never  have 
existed.  But  the  probabilities  are  that  in  many 
places  in  Europe,  as  late  as  the  ninth  century,  or 
later,  the  persons  baptized  were  two  or  three  years 
old,  or  more,  so  that  they  could  answer  all  the 
usual  questions  themselves.  As  soon  as  the  bap- 
tism of  unconscious  babes  in  a  few  days  or  weeks 


after  birth  became  universal,  then  the  great  bap- 
tisms of  Easter  and  Pentecost  ended. 

From  Alcuin,  the  distinguished  Englishman,  who 
rendered  such  important  literary  and  religious  ser- 
vices to  Charlemagne  in  the  eighth  century,  we 
learn  that  there  w^ere  catechunieni  in  his  day;  com- 
menting on  the  Gospel  of  John,  ii.  23,  24,  he  says, 
"  Ecclesiastical  custom  does  not  give  the  com- 
munion of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  to  the 
catechumeni,  because  they  are  not  V)Orn  of  water 
(baptized)  and  of  the  Spirit." '■"'  There  were  cer- 
tainly catechumeni  at  this  time.  lie  states  in 
another  place,  "We  say  that  no  catccliumenus 
(an  instructed  candidate  for  Vjaptism),  although 
dying  in  good  works,  has  eternal  life,  unless  he 
becomes  a  martyr,  by  which  all  the  mysteries  of 
baptism  are  perfected  ;  for  by  blood,  fire,  and  other 
pains  the  confessors  were  baptized."^'  He  speaks 
of  a  catechumenus  as  one  of  the  existing  characters 
of  his  day.  So  that  instruction  was  still  demanded 
in  some  parts  of  Christendom  outside  the  ranks  of 
the  Anabaptists  as  a  qualification  for  baptism. 

Robinson^"  describes  a  baptism  which  took  place 
in  the  Lateran  baptistery  in  Rome,  in  which  three 
children,  representing  John  and  Ileter  and  Mary, 
after  being  catechised  by  a  priest  and  instructed 
for  the  occasion,  were  solemnly  immersed  by  the 
pope  himself.  He  wore  waxed  drawers,  the  cere- 
mony took  place  on  the  Saturday  Iiefore  Easter, 
and  the  children  were  the  recipients  of  some  relig- 
ious knowledge.  The  account  is  taken  from  an- 
cient Roman  ordinals  collected  by  Father  Mabillon, 
and  it  is  undoubtedly  reliable.  The  baptism  may 
be  attributed  to  any  period  from  the  ninth  to  the 
twelfth  century. 

Muratori,  conservator  of  the  public  archives  of 
Modena  in  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, of  whom  it  is  recorded  that  "  literary  societies 
vied  with  each  other  in  sending  him  diplomas,  and 
authors  who  had  attained  eminence  in  different  de- 
partments of  literature  paid  him  the  homage  of 
enscribing  to  him  their  works,"  himself  a  learned 
Roman  Catholic,  in  view  of  a  mass  of  ancient  docu- 
ments treating  of  the  baptismal  history  of  his 
church,  from  the  tenth  to  the  fourteenth  century, 
says,  "  From  monuments  thus  far  produced,  we 
may  learn  how  many  ages  the  custom  among 
Christians  of  not  baptizing  infants  immediatel;/  at 
birth,  as  we  now  do,  continued.  Unless  sickness 
or  danger  threatened  life,  a  reception  of  the  sacra- 
ment (of  baptism)  was  delayed  by  most  persons 
till  the  Saturday  before  Easter  Sunday  and  Whit- 
sunday, on  which  days  the  church  celebrated  the 
solemn  baptism."'^ 

Baptism  was  conferred  by  the  apostles  on  a  con- 
fession of  faith.  In  the  third  century  there  was  a 
period  of  instruction  imposed  before  the  rite  was 
conferred,    and    this    catechumenical   course    con- 


CATHCART 


196 


CAULDWKLL 


tinued,  the  candidates  for  baptism  growing  younger 
every  century,  for  a  considerable  period  after  the 
ninth  century.  The  baptism  of  unconscious  babes 
to  reach  universal  empire  in  the  great  church  and 
drive  believers  baptism  to. the  shelter  of  the  little 
sects,  had  to  fight  the  Word  of  God,  the  old  creeds 
and  customs  of  Christendom,  the  prejudices  of  all 
Christian  countries,  and  the  fierce  opposition  of 
Baptists  under  various  denominational  names,  and 
it  succeeded  at  last,  after  the  ninth  century.  But 
the  profession  of  faith  of  the  sponsors  for  the  child 
still  shows  the  old  divine  demand  for  faith  in  the 
candidates  of  baptism. 

■  Just.  Philos.  et  Mart.,  Apol.  i.  Patrol.  Graeca, 
torn.  vi.  p.  140.  Migne.  Parisiis.  -  Euseb.  Eecles. 
Hist.,  lib.  vi.  46.  '  Bingham's  Antiquities,  book  i. 
4,  X.  2,  xi.  7.  *  De  Sacramentis,  lib.  iv.  7,  vol.  xvi.  p. 
448.  Patrol.  Lat.  Migne.  »  Du  Pin's  Eecles.  Hist., 
i.  593.  Dublin.  «  Idem.,  i.  635.  '  Robinsons  Hist. 
of  Baptism,  pp.  91-95.  Nashville.  '  Decline  and 
Fall,  i.  450.  Magovvan,  London.  '  Miscellaneous 
Writings,  p.  175.  Parker  Society.  '"  Eecles.  Hist., 
lib.  V.  cap.  6.  "  Jewel's  Works,  p.  119.  Parker 
Society.  "  Eecles.  Hist.,  p.  106.  London,  1848. 
"  Church  History,  ii.  319.  Boston.  "  History  of 
Christianity,  p.  4GtJ.  Xew  York,  1841.  '*  Du  Pin, 
i.688.  'Mdera.,ii.  143.  "  Idem.,  ii.  ll.i.  '"Idem., 
ii.  118.  ''  Buck's  Theological  Dictionary,  p.  450. 
^  Patrol.  Lat.,  torn.  c.  p.  777.  Migne.  "  Idem., 
torn.  ci.  p.  1074.  "  Robinson's  History  of  Baptism, 
p.  102.  ^  Antiquitates  ItaliciB  Medii  -Evi,  tom.  iv. 
diss.  .57.     De  Uitibns,  Mel..  1738. 

Cathcart,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
County  of  Londonderry,  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
Nov.  8,  1826 ;  his  parents,  James  Cathcart  and 
Elizabeth  Cously,  were  of  Scotch  origin,  the  stock 
known  as  Scotch-Irish  in  the  United  States.  He 
was  brought  up  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which,  for  some  years,  he  was  a  member.  The  Sa- 
viour called  him  into  his  kingdom  in  early  life, 
and  taught  him  that  he  should  preach  the  gospel. 
He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  R.  H.  Carson,  of  Tubber- 
more,  in  January,  1846.  He  studied  Latin  and 
Greek  in  a  classical  .school  near  the  residence  of 
his  father.  He  received  his  literary  and  theological 
education  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
and  in  Ilorton,  now  Rawdon  College,  Yorkshire, 
England.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Barnsley,  near  Shefiield,  England,  early 
in  1850.  From  political  and  anti-state  church 
considerations  he  determined  to  come  to  the  United 
States  in  1853,  and  on  the  18th  of  Xovember  in 
that  year  he  arrived  in  New  York.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  following  month  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Third  Baptist  church  of  Groton,  in  Mystic 
River,  Conn.  In  April,  1857,  he  took  charge  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
■where  he  has  since  labored. 


In  1873,  the  University  of  Lewisburg  conferred 
on  Mr.  Cathcart  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
In  1876,  on  the  retirement  of  Dr.  Malcom  from  the 
presidency  of  the  American  Baptist  Historical  So- 
ciety, Dr.  Cathcart  was  elected  president,  and  has 
been  re-elected  at  each  annual  meeting  since.     In 


WILLIAM    CATHC.\RT,   D.D. 

1875,  in  view  of  the  Centennial  year  of  our  national 
independence,  the  Baptist  Ministerial  Union,  of 
Pennsylvania,  appointed  Dr.  Cathcart  to  prepare  a 
paper,  to  be  read  at  their  meeting  in  Meadville  in 

1876,  on  '■  The  Baptists  in  the  Revolution."  This 
paper,  by  enlargement,  became  a  duodecimo  volume, 
entitled  "The  Baptists  and  the  American  Revolu- 
tion." Dr.  Cathcart  has  also  published  a  large 
octavo,  called  "The  Papal  System,"  and  "The 
Baptism  of  the  Ages  and  of  the  Nations,"  a  16mo. 

Catlin,  Rev.  S.  T.,  was  bom  in  Montville,  Me., 
and  died  May  1,  1878,  aged  fifty-nine  years:  or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  1839.  After 
serving  several  churches  in  his  native  State,  he 
came  to  Hudson.  Wis.,  in  1851.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Indian  missionary  by  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union  in  1854.  He  subsequently 
preached  at  Osceola,  St.  Croix  Falls,  and  Taylor 
Falls.  He  was  a  faithful  and  successful  pioneer 
preacher,  a  man  of  good  ability,  highly  esteemed 
by  the  churches  that  knew  him. 

Cauldwell,  Ebenezer,  a  prominent  Baptist 
layman  of  Xew  York,  was  born  in  England  in 
1791,  and  died  in  New  York  in  1875.  He  came 
with  his  father  in  early  life  to  New  York,  and  en- 
gaged with  him  in  merchandising  ;  and  securing  the 
entire   business  of   the   firm   on   the  death  of  his 


CAUSLER 


197 


CENTRAL   VmVERSITY 


father,  he  built  up  a  coiniiieroial  house  without  a 
superior  in  his  line.  AVhcn  a  lad  he  was  converted, 
and  joined  the  Oliver  Street  church,  and  became 
one  of  its  most  efficient  members.  He  was  chosen 
a  deacon  of  his  church,  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society, 
and  its  treasurer.  He  gave  liberally  to  its  funds, 
as  h«  did  to  all  other  enterprises  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  lie  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Hope  Chapel  Baptist  church,  which,  about  I8.1O, 
built  a  house  on  Broadway.  A  few  years  later  the 
church  erected  a  large  edifice  on  Twenty-third 
Street,  and  changed  its  name  to  the  Calvary  church. 
With  this  community  he  held  the  office  of  deacon 
while  he  lived.  He  was  a  Christian  without  blem- 
ish, dear  to  all  his  Master's  servants  who  knew  him. 
Causler,  Rev.  A.  G.,  a  leading  member  of  Co- 
lumbia Association,  in  the  southern  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, was  born  in  the  State  of  South  Carolina  in 
182.5.  He  began  to  preach  in  IS.j'i.  He  labored 
efficiently  in  his  native  State  until  1807,  when  he 
removed  to  the  northern  part  of  Arkansas,  and  after 
a  few  years  there  came  to  Columbia  Association, 
and  engaged  in  the  active  duties  of  his  calling.  He 
died  in  IS7'2. 

Cedar  Valley  Seminary,  Osage,  Iowa,  had 
its  origin  in  a  proposition  from  the  citizens  of 
Osage  to  the  Cedar  Valley  Baptist  Association. 
September,  1802,  that  they  would  furnish  appro- 
priate buildings  if  the  Association  would  establish 
and  maintain  <in  institution  of  learning  suited  to 
the  wants  of  the  community.  After  cariful  delib- 
eration, the  Association 

"  Resolved,  That  we  fully  approve  of  the  accept- 
ance of  said  buildings,  and  pledge  our  hearty  co- 
operation in  the  execution  of  the  enterprise." 

After  fully  canvassing  the  subject,  and  after  a 
conference  with  the  parties  concerned,  Rev.  Alva 
Bush,  who  had  just  concluded  his  engagement  as 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Upper  Iowa  Uni- 
versity, moved  his  family  to  Osa^e,  and  on  Jan.  10, 
1863,  commenced  a  school  in  the  court-house,  to 
which  was  given  the  name  of  Cedar  Valley  Semi- 
nary. In  September,  1864,  the  Association  assumed 
the  control  of  the  school  and  appointed  a  board  of 
trustees.  In  December,  1867,  a  legal  organization 
w.as  completed.  In  1867,  property  was  purchased, 
and  a  fine  seminary  building  was  erected  during 
the  following  two  years  by  the  citizens  of  Osage, 
accortling  to  their  original  proposal.  In  Septem- 
ber. 1869.  this  property  was  formally  tendered  to 
the  Association  on  condition  that  they  raise  ?20,000 
and  maintain  a  good  school.  The  offer,  with  its 
conditions,  was  accepted,  and  the  raising  of  the 
endowment  undertaken.  But  owing  to  the  great 
severity  of  the  times  the  sum  was  not  raised  till 
1876.  The  title  was  transferred  to  the  board  of 
trustees  in  May.  1870,  who  now  have  the  owner- 


ship and  absolute  control.  At  each  recurring 
meeting  of  the  Association,  trustees  are  appointed 
to  fill  vacancies  in  the  board,  and  renewed  evidence 
of  sympathy  and  interest  in  the  institution  through- 
out the  bounds  of  the  Association  is  manifested 
from  year  to  year.  Prof.  Alva  Bush,  LL.D.,  has 
been  continued  at  the  head  of  the  institution  since 
1863.  In  1871,  the  seminary  sent  out  its  first  grad- 
uating class. 

Centennial  Institute,  located  at  Warren,  Brad- 
ley Co.,  Ark.,  under  the  patronage  of  the  General 
Association  of  Southeastern  Arkansas,  was  opened 
in  1875.  It  is  at  present  under  the  direction  of 
Rev.  W.  E.  Paxton.  A.M.,  with  three  other  teachers. 
A  plan  for  the  endowment  of  the  school  has  been 
put  on  foot,  and  an  agent  is  at  work  in  this  field. 
It  is  located  in  the  midst  of  the  most  fertile  por- 
tion of  the  State,  on  the  line  of  the  Mississippi. 
Ouachita  and  Red  River  Railroad.  The  spring 
term  of  l^^^O  closed  with  100  matriculates. 

Central  Female  College  is  located  at  Clinton, 
Hinds  Co.,  Miss.  The  want  of  suitable  facilities 
in  the  State  for  the  education  of  the  daughters  of 
Baptists  was  long  felt.  At  length  the  venerable 
Dr.  Phillips  made  a  movement  in  this  direction  in 
the  Central  Baptist  Association,  which  resulted  in 
the  establishment  of  this  school.  In  18-56.  Dr. 
Walter  Ilillman  and  his  accomplished  lady  were 
called  to  this  institution,  and  for  twenty-four  years 
under  their  management  it  has  prospered,  and  her 
daughters  are  filling  the  highest  social  positions  in 
the  State.  The  spring  term  of  1880  closed  with 
104  students  and  0  teachers.  The  buildings  are 
the  private  propertv  of  Dr.  Hillman  and  his  wife. 

Central  ITniversity,  Pi-lla,  Iowa,  was  estab- 
lished by  a  Convention  representing  the  Baptists 
of  the  State,  which  located  the  institution  at  Pella, 
Marion  County,  and  named  it  Central  University. 
They  appointed  a  board  of  30  trustees,  divided 
into  3  classes  of  10  each,  and  an  executive  com- 
mittee of  7.  They  determined  to  open  the  acad- 
emical department  of  the  school  at  once,  of  which, 
on  their  appointment,  E.  II.  Scarff,  A.M.,  took 
charge  and  commenced  the  school.  During  the 
first  two  years  it  steadily  advanced  in  numbers 
and  in  the  grade  of  scholarship,  and  the  board 
were  «ncouragcd  in  June,  18.58.  to  open  a  regular 
collegiate  course.  They  elected  Rov.  E.  Gunn 
president.  In  the  same  year  Mrs.  D.  C.  A.  Stod- 
dard was  chosen  principal  of  the  ladies'  depart- 
ment. From  1857  to  1861,  the  prospects  of  the 
institution  were  very  flattering,  and  classes  were 
formed  as  high  as  the -Junior  class.  The  aggregate 
'  number  of  students  for  the  year  1861  was  377. 
.Vt  the  opening  of  the  war,  in  1861,  many  of  the 
students  responded  to  the  call  for  soldiers,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  summer  term,  1862.  there  was  not 
an  able-bodied  man  of  sufficient  age  to  bear  arms, 


CHACE 


198 


CHAMBERS 


in  the  college.  Rev.  E.  Gunn  resigned  the  presi- 
dency and  Prof.  Currier  enlisted  in  the  army.  Of 
the  114  students  who  went  to  the  war,  26  were 
commissioned  officers,  17  non-commissioned  officers, 
and  21  fell  on  the  field.  In  1865,  Prof.  Currier  re- 
turned from  the  army  to  his  place  in  the  university. 
At  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1S70,  it  was  re- 
solved to  raise  $10,000  as  the  nucleus  of  endow- 
ment. The  effort  was  successful.  The  board,  in 
June,  1871,  resolved  to  prosecute  the  work  of  en- 
dowment, and  elected  Rev.  L.  A.  Dunn,  D.D.,  of 
Fairfax,  Vt.,  president.  At  the  opening  of  the 
winter  term  he  delivered  his  inaugural  address 
and  entered  upon  his  labors,  and  he  has  earnestly 
pressed  forward  the  work  of  the  university.  Among 
those  educated  at  the  institution  there  are  7  edi- 
tors, 7  doctors,  31  ministers,  42  lawyers,  and  hun- 
dreds of  school-teachers,  and  a  large  number  of 
others  in  various  walks  of  life.  The  university 
has  a  full  college  course ;  the  Senior  class  numbers 
7,  the  Junior  8,  the  Sophomore  12,  the  Freshman 
19,  the  Sub-Freshman  36.  It  also  has  an  acad- 
emical department  and  a  musical  class,  in  all  some 
200  students.  The  president  of  the  university  is 
assisted  in  his  work  by  a  full  corps  of  able  in- 
structors. 

Chace,  Prof.  George  Ide,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Lancaster,  iMass.,  Feb.  19,  1808.  lie  fitted  for  col- 
lege at  the  academy  in  his  native  town,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1830. 
Soon  after  leaving  college  he  took  charge  of  the 
Preparatory  Classical  School  in  "Waterville,  Me., 
where  he  remained  through  the  academic  year  of 
1830-31,  and  then  accepted  an  appointment  as 
tutor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in 
Brown  University,  and  was  shortly  made  adjunct 
professor  with  the  late  Dr.  Caswell.  His  connec- 
tion with  the  university  covered  a  period  of  forty- 
one  years.  For  fifteen  years  he  occupied  the  chair 
of  Chemistry,  Physiology,  and  Geology,  and  for  five 
years,  1867-72,  the  chair  of  Moral  Philosophy  and 
Metaphysics.  On  the  resignation  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sears 
to  enter  upon  his  duties  as  superintendent  of  the 
Peabody  Educational  Fund,  Prof.  Chace  held  the 
office  of  president  of  the  university  one  year,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Robinson.  He  closed  his 
connection  with  the  university  in  1872,  and  went 
abroad,  spending  a  year  and  a  half  in  foreign  travel, 
extending  his  trip  as  far  as  Egypt.  For  the  few  years 
past  Prof.  Chace  has  occupied  prominent  and  use- 
ful positions  in  the  city  of  Providence,  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  municipal  government,  and  as  the  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  of  Rhode 
Island  Hospital.  In  1853,  he  received  the  degree 
of  Ph.D.  from  Lewisburg  University,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  Brown  University.  He  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  venerable  First  Baptist  church,  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  its  prosperity. 


Challis,  Rev.  James  M.,  was  bom  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Jan.  4,  ITTi).  At  an  early  age  he  lost  his 
father,  and  went  with  his  mother  to  reside  at 
Salem,  N.  J.  There  he  grew  up  under  the  ministry 
of  Rev.  Sir.  Sheppard,  by  whom  he  was  baptized 
and  encouraged  to  turn  his  attention  to  the  min- 
istry. He  was  licensed  by  the  churth,  and  after 
spending  a  short  time  in  preparatory  study  with 
Dr.  Ilolcomb,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  at  Upper  Freehold.  N.  J.,  where,  in  1822, 
he  was  ordained.  He  removed  to  Lower  Dublin,  Pa., 
in  1838.  With  this  ancient  church  he  remained 
seven  years,  when  he  returned  to  New  Jersey  and 
became  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Moorestown  and 
Marlton,  and  in  1842  of  the  Cohansoy  church. 
Here  he  labored  eight  years,  when,  owing  to  ad- 
vancing age,  he  resigned  his  charge  and  ended  all 
pastoral  labors.  Removing  to  Bridgcton,  he  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church.  Here  he  resided 
till  his  death,  in  April,  1868,  preaching,  however, 
at  different  points,  as  opportunity  offered,  and  some- 
times supplying  vacant  churches  for  months  in  suc- 
cessicm.  His  whole  ministry  covered  a  period  of 
more  than  forty  years,  during  which  he  was  instru- 
mental in  liringing  many  to  Christ,  some  of  whom 
now  occupy  positions  of  prominence  and  usefulness 
in  our  churches.  During  his  last  illness,  which 
was  short  but  exceedingly  painful,  he  experienced 
great  jieace  of  mind,  and  a  sweet  assurance  through 
grace  of  entering  into  the  everlasting  rest. 

Chambers,  Rev.  K.,  was  born  about  six  miles 
from  Milledgeville,  April  7,  1814.  He  became  the 
subject  of  religious  impressions  when  young,  and 
in  1832,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
Mount  Olive  church  by  Elder  T.  D.  Oxford.  He 
was  ordained  in  1839  by  J.  P.  Leverett,  J.  J. 
Salmon,  and  Wiley  M.  Pope.  From  that  time  till 
he  left  the  State  he  was  pastor  of  four  churches, 
and  one  year  served  the  Washington  Association  as 
missionary  and  colporteur.  He  removed  to  Florida 
in  1854,  and  settled  in  Columbia  County,  where  he 
yet  resides.  Here,  as  in  Georgia,  his  services  were 
in  demand,  and  the  first  year  he  lived  in  the  State 
he  preached  to  three  churches. 

At  his  suggestion,  and  through  his  influence  in 
part,  the  Santa  Yk  River  Association  was  organized, 
and  he  served  it  two  years  as  missionary,  and  in 
one  year  built  up  eight  churches.  He  was  several 
times  elected  moderator  of  the  Association,  and 
presided  once  or  twice  over  the  State  Convention, 
and  he  was  State  evangelist  for  two  or  three  years. 
More  than  500  persons  have  been  baptized  by  him 
in  Florida.  It  is  questionable  whether  any  min- 
ister has  been  more  Largely  instrumental  in  build- 
ing up  the  denomination  in  the  State  to  its  present 
condition,  than  Kinsey  Chambers. 

He  is  strong  in  the  gospel,  and  a  thorough  Bap- 


CH AMBUSS 


199 


CHAMPLIN 


tist.  lie  makes  no  compromises.  lie  abounds  in 
charity,  but  it  is  the  charity  that  "rejoices  in  the 
truth."  Though  soniewliat  eontrovert-ial  in  liis 
ministry,  and  a  man  of  decided  convictions,  lie  is 
generally  beloved,  and  commands  the  respect  of 
those  who  differ  from  him.  He  held  a  controversy 
with  a  Pedobaptist  minister  in  18fiO,  and  after- 
wards had  the  pleasure  of  immersing  some  who 
had  been  immersed  by  him.  lie  is  a  conservative, 
however,  in  reference  to  disputed  questions  in  re- 
ligion. He  is  a  good  and  useful  man,  "whose 
foot  has  never  slipped,"  and  who  preaches  by  his 
example.  Not  a  spot  can  be  found  upon  his  char- 
acter. He  has  proved  his  devotion  to  the  cause  of 
Christ  by  his  labors  and  sacrifices.  Blessed  with 
a  good  constitution,  he  has  worked  hard  as  a 
preacher  of  the  gospel  he  loves  so  much. 

Chambliss,  J.  A.,  D.D.,  the  able  and  popular 
pastor  of  the  Citadel  Square  church,  Charleston, 
S.  C,  was  born  at  Athens,  Ga.,  Aug.  30,  1840,  his 
father,  A.  W.  Chambliss,  D.D.,  being  at  that  time 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Athens,  and  teacher 
of  the  University  Grammar  School.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  studied  in  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Howard  College,  Marion,  Ala.,  to  which 
place  his  father  had  moved,  until  1855,  when  he 
entered  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and  remained 
two  years,  returning  to  Marion,  where,  in  1858, 
he  entered  Howard  College,  graduating  with  the 
first  honor  in  1859.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  Greenville,  and  was  graduated  alone — the 
first  graduate — in  May,  1861.  He  professed  con- 
version at  eleven  years  of  age,  and  was  baptized  at 
Marion,  Ala.,  by  Rev.  J.  II.  DeVotie.  His  convic- 
tions in  regard  to  preaching  became  settled  and 
permanent  when  at  Howard  College,  and  God  raised 
up  friends  to  enable  him  to  complete  his  education 
there  and  at  the  seminary, — first,  in  Jeremiah 
Brown,  and  then  in  ex-Gov.  John  Gill  Shorter, 
two  of  God's  noblemen  :  both  are  now  gone  to 
their  reward.  Graduating  at  the  seminary  in  his 
twenty-first  year,  he  immediately  settled  as  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Sumter,  S.  C.  ;  but  the  war  coming 
on  and  bringing  years  full  of  anxiety  and  inter- 
ruptions, by  calls  to  labor  among  the  soldiers,  he 
accepted  a  chaplaincy  in  the  army  jxnd  resigned  his 
charge  of  the  church,  severing  ties  of  the  tenderest 
and  most  loving  character.  In  186(>  he  .settled  for 
a  brief  period  as  pastor  of  the  Aiken,  S.  C, 
church,  removing  in  1867  to  Richmond,  Va.,  at  the 
call  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  that  city.  This 
pastorate  continued  four  years,  until  the  expres- 
sion, by  the  pastor,  of  opinions  on  the  communion 
question  not  in  unison  with  those  of  the  church, 
led  to  bis  resignation.  That  the  Christian  love  and 
confidence  of  the  church  wore  retained  by  him  is 
evidenced  by  the  present  to  him   from  the  church, 


at  parting,  of  a  purse  containing  nearly  SKKX).  For 
one  year  Mr.  Chambliss  taught  a  large  classical 
and  English  school  in  Richniond,  preaching  con- 
stantly in  the  city  and  vicinity.  In  the  summer 
of  1872  it  became  known  that  his  views  were  sub- 
stantially in  harmony  with  those  of  the  denomina- 
tion at  large,  and  he  received  several  calls  from 
different  churches.  In  October,  1872,  he  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Citadel  Square  church,  Charleston, 
where  he  still  remains.  Nothing  but  eminent  abili- 
ties and  an  unimpeachable  character,  added  to  un- 
tiring exertions,  could  have  given  Mr.  Chaniljliss 
the  success  in  life  he  has  met,  and  obtained  for 
him  the  love  and  confidence  he  has  ever  received. 
Should  he  live  he  will  undoubtedly  take  rank 
among  the  highest  in  the  dcnnuiination,  and  ac- 
complish results  that  will  make  his  name  honorable 
in  the  annals  of  Christian  labor.  Mr.  Chambliss 
is  gentle  in  manners,  and  is  universally  popular. 
His  churches  have  always  been  enthusiastically 
attracted  to  him,  and  he  seems  to  possess  in  the 
highest  degree  the  magnetic  power  of  winning  the 
affections  of  all  who  come  in  contact  with  him. 
As  a  preacher,  he  is  simple,  earnest,  forcible,  and 
pre-eminently  evangelical.  There  are  few  more 
effective  preachers  of  the  simple,  soul-saving  truths 
of  the  gospel. 

Champlin,  James  Tift,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Col- 
chester, Conn..  .June  Vl.  ISll.  He  entered  Brown 
University  in  1830,  and  graduated  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class  in  18^4.  Among  his  classmates 
were  Rev.  Dr.  Sila.s  Bailey  and  Hon.  J.  R.  Bullock, 
afterwards  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  From  1835 
to  March,  1838.  he  was  a  tutor  in  the  university, 
at  the  end  of  which  period  he  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portland, 
Me.  Here  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1841, 
when  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Ancient  Lan- 
guages in  Colby  University,  then  Waterville  Col- 
lege. He  remained  in  this  position  sixteen  years, 
when  he  was  invited  to  assume  the  office  of  presi- 
dent of  the  college.  He  entered  upon  his  duties 
in  this  capacity  in  1857,  and  continued  in  the  pres- 
idential chair  until  1872,  thus  making  his  connec- 
tion with  the  college  extend  over  a  period  of  thirty- 
one  years.  The  administration  of  Pr.  Champlin 
was  successful  in  adding  greatly  to  the  resources 
of  the  college,  and  increasing  its  facilities  for  giving 
a  thorough  training  tn  young  men  seeking  an  edu- 
cation. He  knew  how  to  influence  men  of  wealth, 
and  awaken  in  them  an  interest  in  the  cause  of 
good  learning.  It  was  while  he  was  president  that 
the  name  which  was  given  to  the  college  in  its 
original  charter  was  changed  to  Colby  University, 
in  honor  of  Gardner  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  a 
large-hearted  benefactor  of  the  college. 

While  acting  as  professor  and  president  of  the 
college,  Dr.  Champlin  published  several  text-books 


CHANDLER 


■jm 


CUANEY 


to  be  used  in  the  departments  of  instruction  which 
came  under  his  special  supervision.  Among  tliese 
were  an  edition  of  '"  Demosthenes  on  the  Crown," 
"Demosthenes'  Select  Orations,"  "  .llscliines  on 
the  Crown,"'  ''A  Text-Book  on  Intellectual  Philos- 
ophy,"  "First   Principles  of  Ethics,"    "A   Text- 


JAMF.S    TIFT    CHAMPLIX,    D.D. 

Book  of  Political  Econom3'."  lie  has  written  also 
for  the  periodical  press.  Soon  after  his  resignation 
he  removed  t<i  Portland,  where  he  now  (1878)  resides. 

Chandler,  Rev.  Asa,  a  very  prominent  member 
of  the  Sarepta  Association,  Georgia,  and  a  man  who, 
for  vears.  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  Baptist  minis- 
ters of  his  section  as  a  pious,  able,  and  influential 
preacher.  lie  was  a  strong  s-upporter  of  missions  and 
education  ;  was  often  moderator  of  his  Association, 
and  died  after  a  long  life  of  great  usefulness,  in 
which  lie  had  the  loving  confidence  and  respect  of 
every  one  in  the  coiiimunity.  He  possessed  a  fine 
person,  an  open,  intelligent  face,  with  an  amiable 
and  pleasant  expression. 

Chandler,  George  Clinton,  D.D.,  was  bom 
March  I'J,  ISUT,  at  Chester,  Vt.  :  l)aptized  in  182.5, 
and  licensed  to  preach  in  IS.vl ;  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  183.i,  and  in  1838,  after 
a  three  years'  course,  at  Newton  ;  Sept.  5,  1838, 
was  ordained,  and  soon  after  went  to  Indiana  as  a 
home  missionary,  and  preached  one  year  at  Terre 
Haute.  In  1839,  he  hieca.Tie  pastor  at  Indianapolis, 
and  in  1843  was  appointed  president  of  Franklin 
College.  After  seven  years  of  great  success  as  an 
educator,  he  was  urged  to  go  to  Oregon  as  president 
of  the  young  Baptist  college  there.  He  crossed  the 
plains  in  1851,  and  was  for  many  years  at  the  head 


of  the  institution,  but  subsequently  gave  himself  to 
pastoral  and  missionary  work,  preaching  and  trav- 
eling over  nearly  all  parts  of  the  State.  In  1874 
he  was  summoned  to  the  vacant  pulpit  at  Dalles, 
Oregon,  and  promptly  heeded  the  call.  In  \o- 
vember,  1S74,  after  preaching  from  the  words,  "I 
can  do  all  things  through  Christ,"  he  was  listening 
to  the  Sunday-school  song,  "  Shall  we  meet  beyond 
the  River?"  when  the  book  fell  from  his  hands;  he 
sat  motionless,  having  been  struck  by  paralysis. 
Fniin  that  attack  he  has  never  recovered.  In  his 
home,  at  Forest  Grove,  he  sits  speechless  still,  appa- 
rently unconscious  of  all  that  is  passing  around 
him,  or  of  the  gi'cat  work  he  has  done  in  his  long 
and  useful  life.  His  family  is  one  of  the  most  de- 
votedly pious  in  Oregon.  Ilis  oldest  son.  Rev.  E.  K. 
Chandler,  is  a  successful  pastor  at  Rockfield,  111. 

Chandler,  Rev,  P,  B,,  was  born  in  Ogletliorpe 
Co.,  Ga.,  Jan.  27,  ISlO  :  joined  the  clnirch  in  Au- 
gust, 1838.  Having  decided  that  he  was  called  to 
preach,  he  also  determined  to  prepare  for  the  work, 
consequently  he  sold  out  his  home  and  farm  and 
went,  with  his  wife  and  three  children,  to  Mercer 
University,  Penfield,  Ga.,  and  spent  three  years. 
Tau^ibt  two  years  in  Georgia,  and  in  November, 
lS4l'),  migrated  to  Texas,  where  he  labored  for  two 
years  as. a  missionary  of  the  Home  Mission  Board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  For  twenty- 
eight  years  he  resided  in  Fayette  Co.,  Texas, 
preaching  to  churches  in  Fayette,  Washington,  and 
Savaca  Counties,  serving  three  or  fuur  at  one  time. 
Since  1874  he  has  resided  near  Gatesville,  Coryell 
County,  and  preached  to  several  churches.  Has 
been  for  some  years  moderator  of  Colorado  Associa- 
tion, and  is  moderator  of  Leon  River  Association. 
He  has  brought  up  four  sons  and  eight  daughters, 
all  of  whom  are  consistent  members  of  Baptist 
churches.  As  a  pre.icher,  nioilerator  of  Associa- 
tions, vice-president  of  the  State  Convention,  trus- 
tee of  Baylor  University,  and  in  other  relations  of 
life,  he  has  impressed  the  population  among  whom 
he  has  resided  as  few  men  have  ever  done  in  Texas. 

Chaney,  Rev,  Bailey  E.,  a  pioneer  Baptist 
preacher  of  Mississippi,  removed  from  South  Caro- 
lina about  1790  and  settled  near  Natchez.  During 
the  persecution  against  Curtis  and  his  companions. 
Chaney  concealed  himself.  When  the  territory 
was  transferred  to  the  United  States  the  people 
assembled  in  large  numbers,  a  brush  arbor  was 
constructed,  and  Bailey  E.  Chaney  was  sent  for. 
and  while  the  flag  of  the  United  States  floated  over 
him  he  preached  the  gospel  of  Christ  unawed  by 
the  minions  of  Rome,  In  1798  he  visited  an 
American  settlement  near  Baton  Rouge,  in  Louis- 
iana, and  preached :  but  being  arrested,  he  ob- 
tained relea.se  by  promising  to  preach  no  more. 
After  this  be  returned  to  Mississippi  and  labored 
there  until  his  death,  which  occurred  about  1816, 


CHANLER 


201 


CHAPIN 


Chanler,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  born  in  1701  in 
Bristol,  England,  and  removed  to  South  Carolina 
when  he  was  about  thirty-two  years  of  age.  lie 
settled  near  Charleston,  and  was  chosen  pastor  of 
the  church  in  that  city,  lie  filled  the  office  with 
great  acceptance  and  success  till  his  deatli.  which 
occurred  Nov.  30,  1749.  He  was  distinguished  for 
his  talents  and  for  his  devoted  piety.  lie  pub- 
lished a  work  called  "  The  Doctrines  of  Glorious 
Grace  Unfolded,  Defended,  and  Practically  Im- 
proved,'" which  was  very  highly  esteemed.  He 
also  issued  "  A  Treatise  on  Original  Sin"  and  some 
niiiiiii-  piililli'ations. 

Chapell,  Rev.  Frederick  Leonard,  the  pastor 

of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Janesville,  Wis., 
was  horn  in  Waterford  Township,  adjoining  the 
city  of  New  London,  Conn.,  Nov.  9,  18.3G.  His 
parents  were  Baptists,  and  members  of  the  church 
in  Waterford  of  which  Elder  Darrow  was  for  so 
many  years  pastor.  But  his  mother  dying  in  his 
infancy,  he  was  adopted  by  an  uncle  and  aunt  who 
were  Congregationalists.  He  wa.s  brought  up 
under  the  religious  influence  of  that  denomina- 
tion, attending  the  ministry  of  the  venerable  Dr. 
Abel  McEwen,  fifty-four  years  pastor  of  the  First 
Congregational  church  of  New  London.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  '"Gilead"  Sunday-school,  Water- 
foi-d,  of  which  Hon.  Gilbert  P.  Haven  was  the 
fiunder,  and  for  forty  years  the  superintendent. 
Here,  in  this  school,  he  laid  the  foundation  of 
what  has  since  gi-own  up  into  a  solid  strui'ture  of 
Christian  character.  His  religious  exercises  hegan 
early  in  his  childhood,  but  he  did  not  obtain  a  hope 
in  Christ  until  he  was  in  his  sixteenth  year.  Now 
began  a  struggle.  His  foster-parents  and  numer- 
ous friends  desired  that  his  public  profession  of 
Christ  should  be  made  in  connection  with  the 
Congregational  church.  His  convictions,  after 
mature  and  prayerful  study,  would  not  allow  him 
to  be  anything  but  a  Baptist.  Having  settled  the 
question  of  duty,  his  friends  cordially  concurring 
in  his  decision,  he  was  baptized  in  October,  1S.53, 
into  the  Huntington  Street  church  of  New  London 
by  the  pastor,  Elder  -Jabez  Swan.  Immediately 
upon  his  conversion,  liaving  clear  convictions  that 
he  was  called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  "  not 
consulting  with  flesh  and  blood,"  he  began  at  once 
a  course  of  preparation  for  that  work.  He  entered 
Yale  College  in  18-56  and  graduated  in  1800,  and 
entered  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1861, 
graduating  in  the  class  of  1S64.  He  was  licensed 
to  pre.-ich  the  gospel  by  the  Wooster  Place  church  of 
New  Haven,  of  which  Prof.  W.  C.  Wilkinson  was 
then  pastor.  Upon  graduating  in  1864.  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mid- 
dletown.  0..  and  was  ordained  in  September  of  that 
year.  Dr.  Henry  Harvey  was  the  moderator  of  the 
Council  and  preached  the  ordination  sermon. 
14 


During  his  first  pastorate  he  grew  in  strength  as 
a  minister,  and  rapidly  built  up  the  church  in 
Christian  usefulness  and  power.  The  church  edi- 
fice was  enlarged,  improved,  and  refurnislied  at  a 
cost  of  S12,000.  In  the  summer  of  1871  he  ac- 
cepted the  urgent  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Evanston,  111.,  the  principal  suburban  town  of 
Chicago,  and  entered  at  once  upon  his  work  in  tliis 
new  field.  During  his  pastorate  here  the  church 
rapidly  grew  in  all  the  elements  of  healthy  church 
life.  Many  families  of  wealth  .and  influence  were 
added  to  the  congregation.  A  new  church  site 
was  secured  and  a  new  house  of  worship  erected, 
costing,  with  furnishing,  $3.5,(X)0.  During  Mr. 
Chapell's  pastorate  at  Evanston  he  t<iok  an  active 
part  in  all  the  denominational  matters  in  the  city 
of  Chicago,  being  a  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
university  and  theological  seminary,  and  secre- 
tary of  the  Northwestern  Theological  Union.  He 
was  a  leading  spirit  in  the  ministers"  meetings  of 
the  city.  In  July,  1878,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Janesville,  Wis.  During  the 
sixteen  years  of  his  ministry  he  has  preached  l.iOl 
times  and  conducted  1328  social  meetings.  He 
has  served  as  moderator  of  each  of  the  Associations 
with  which  he  has  been  connected.  Mr.  Chapell 
has  on  several  occasions  been  selected  as  one  of  the 
lecturers  before  the  students  of  the  Chicago  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary.  He  has  contributed 
valuable  historical  and  philosophical  articles  to  the 
periodical  literature  of  the  day.  and  a  series  of 
sermons  on  revivals,  published  by  him  several  years 
since  in  the  Standard,  created  much  attention.  He 
has  a  logical  mind,  and  a  special  fondness  for  his- 
torical and  philological  investigation.  He  is  a 
clear  and  able  expounder  of  the  Word  of  God  in 
the  pulpit,  and  among  his  people  a  wise  and  faith- 
ful shepherd  of  the  flock  of  God. 

Chapin,  Rev.  Nelson  Elisha,  is  a  native  of 
Granville,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was 
born  March  10,  1815,  and  where  he  passed  his 
e.arly  childhood  and  youth.  His  impressions  that 
Christ  called  him  to  preach  the  gospel  were  clear 
and  convincing,  and  early  in  life  he  gave  himself 
to  preparation  for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He 
pursued  a  course  of  study  at  Granville  Acidemy, 
N.  Y.,  and  was  also  a  student  at  Meriden  Academy, 
N.  II.  He  was  under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  Ilas- 
call,  one  of  the  founders  of  Madison  University, 
N.  Y.  He  w,is  ordained  in  1839  at  Smithport. 
McKean  Co.,  Pa.,  and  immediately  settled  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  church  in  Br.adford,  same  county. 
After  serving  several  churches  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  he  received,  in  1845.  a  commission 
from  the  Genesee  Baptist  Association.  N.  Y.,  to 
operate  as  its  missionary  in  the  lead-mine  district 
of  Wisconsin.  He  immediately  set  out  on  his  jour- 
ney to  his  field  of  labor,  with  his  wife  and  two  chil- 


CHAPIX 


202 


CHAPLAINS 


ilron,  traveling  the  entire  distance,  about  1000  miles, 
in  iiiii  own  wagon,  subjecting  himself  and  family  to 
great  exposure  and  hardship  in  accomplishing  it. 
He  began  his  ministry  in  Grant  Co.,  Wis.  His 
lie-Id,  however,  ciivered  several  entire  counties,  and 
to  reach  the  dozen  or  more  little  churches  of  which 
he  was  the  missionary  pastor,  and  most  of  which 
he  had  gathered,  he  had  to  travel  over  a  circuit  of 
2110  miles  every  two  weeks.  He  was  of  the  heroic 
order  of  men  and  of  great  physical  endurance,  or 
he  could  not  have  sustained  the  vast  strain  that 
came  upon  him  in  these  pioneer  labors.  He  has 
been  pastor  at  Lancaster,  Beaver  Dam,  Darlington, 
Aztelan,  Merton,  and  is  now  pastor  at  Lodi.  Ilis 
ministry  in  Wisconsin  covers  a  period  of  forty  years, 
and  he  is  connected  with  the  history  and  growth 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State.  For  a 
brief  period  Mr.  C'hapin  served  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  as  agent,  and  the  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  at  Chicago.  The  results  of 
his  ministry  can  be  seen  all  over  the  State  in  the 
churches  he  gathered,  the  meeting-houses  he  built, 
and  the  hundreds  of  converts  to  whom  be  adminis- 
tered the  ordinance  of  baptism.  Mr.  Chapin  is 
knov.n  as  a  humble  and  devoted  minister  of 
Christ,  a  plain  and  scriptural  preacher  of  the  gos- 
pel. These  qualities,  combined  with  his  fervent 
piety  and  sterling  common  sense,  have  made  him 
an  efficient  and  able  missionary  pioneer. 

Chapin,  Stephen,  D.D,,  son  of  Stephen  and 
l!;icl]i'l  Chapin,  was  born  in  Milford,  Mass.,  Nov. 
4,  1778.  In  1798  he  began  to  prepare  for  college, 
under  the  instruction  of  the  Rev.  Caleb  Alexander, 
of  Meriden,  and  made  such  rapid  progress  that  he 
entered  Cambridge  University,  Mass.,  inJuly,  1799, 
gr.aduating  in  1804.  lie  studied  theology  with  the 
Kev.  Nathaniel  Emmons,  Franklin,  Mass.,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  Oct.  10,  1804.  He  was  ordained 
in  Hillsborough,  N.  II.,  in  June,  1805,  but  severed 
his  connection  with  the  church  there  in  1808  on 
account  of  difficulties  respecting  the  so-called 
"Half-way  Covenant,"  and  in  November,  1809, 
was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Mount 
Vernon,  N.  H.  It  is  a  fiict  worthy  of  mention 
that  Dr.  Chapin  was  present  as  a  deeply-interested 
friend  at  the  sailing  of  the  first  American  mission- 
aries from  Boston  in  1811.  In  1818  he  was  dis- 
missed from  his  connection  with  the  church  on 
account  of  his  change  of  views  on  the  mode  and 
subjects  of  baptism,  having  been  until  that  time  a 
Congregational  Pedobaptist.  In  1819  he  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  North  Yar- 
mouth, Me.  In  1822  he  left  this  field  of  labor  to 
accept  the  professorship  of  Theology  in  Waterville 
College,  Me.  ;  was  inaugurated  in  August,  1823, 
and  held  the  same  until  September,  1828,  when  he 
was  called  to  the  presidency  of  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege. Washington,  D.  C.     This  position  he  resigned 


in  1841  in  consequenceof  declining  health,  and  died 
Oct,  1,  1845,  in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

Dr.  Chapin  was  an  intelligent  and  interested  par- 
ticipant in  all  the  denominational  movements  of 
his  day.  When  the  Triennial  Baptist  Convention 
was  threatened  with  disruption,  in  consequence  of 
the  antagonistic  views  of  its  members  on  the  ques- 
tion of  slavery,  he  did  all  in  his  power  to  prevent 
the  division  which  soon  followed,  and  when  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  wius  formed  he  was 
made  a  delegate,  although  he  did  not  attend  its 
sessions.  When  Dr.  Chapin  entered  upon  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbian  College  a  crushing 
debt  of  upwards  of  $100,000  was  hanging  over  it 
and  crippling  its  energies.  He  sacrificed  his  ease 
and  his  health  to  remove  this  debt,  and  by  frequent 
visits  to  the  South  to  collect  funds,  and  by  the  con- 
tribution of  three  years  of  his  own  salary,  ho  tjnally 
succeeded  in  the  onerous  effort.  Dr.  Chapin  had  a 
very  wide  circle  of  most  intimate  friends.  He  was 
personallj'  intimate  with  most  of  the  great  states- 
men of  his  day,  many  of  whom,  like  Jackson,  Clay, 
Calhoun,  AVebster,  Woodbury,  JIcDuffie,  Preston, 
Van  Buren,  Choate,  Marshall,  Taney,  JIcLean, 
MangUMi,  were  often  seen  at  his  hospitable  board, 
and  many  of  whose  sons  were  under  bis  personal 
instruction  in  the  college.  In  the  ministry  hia 
compeers  and  friends  were  Sharp,  AVayland,  Chajv 
lin.  Stow,  Rice,  Judson,  Mercer,  Brantly,  Dagg. 
Semple,  Broaddus,  Kyland,  Brown,  and  hosts  of 
others,  whom  be  freipiontly  met  at  his  own  fire- 
side. His  whole  life  was  marked  by  those  traits  of 
character  which  inevitably  win  the  warm  regard 
and  most  tender  love  of  men.  But  little  of  Dr. 
Chapin"s  literary  labors  are  left  us  except  a  few 
sermons  and  tracts  and  essays,  but  they  show  us 
the  superior  culture  of  his  mind.  Among  them 
are  '"  Letters  on  the  Mode  and  Subjects  of  Bap- 
tism," a  valuable  discussion  of  the  question  .  "  The 
Messiah's  Victory,"  a  discourse  at  the  ordination 
of  the  Rev,  Samuel  Cook,  Effingham,  N.  II, ;  on 
the  "Conversion  of  Mariners,"  "  Tlie  Duty  of 
Living  for  the  Good  of  Posterity,"  a  discourse  de- 
livered in  conniiemoratioii  of  the  second  centennial 
of  the  landing  of  the  forefathers  of  New  England  ; 
"  The  Superior  Glory  of  Gospel  Worship,"  "  Moral 
Education,"  "The  Proclamation  of  Christ  Crucified 
the  Delight  of  God,"  "  An  Inaugural  Addre.ss," 
delivered  as  president  of  the  Columbian  College; 
"  The  Spirit  of  the  Age,"  "  The  Design  of  God  in 
Afflicting  Ministers  of  the  Gospel,"  "  On  the  Death 
of  Luther  Rice,"  and  an  interesting  letter  to  Presi- 
dent Van  Buren  "On  the  Proper  Disposition  of 
the  Smithsonian  Bequest." 

Chaplains  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.— The  corps  of 
chaplains  in  the  U.  S.  navy  is  limited  by  law  to 
twenty-four.  Any  clergyman  of  unexceptionable 
character  is  eligible  to  the  position,  provided  his 


CHAPLIN 


203 


CHAPLIN 


age  does  not  exceed  thirty-five  years,  and  his  piety, 
culture,  and  general  fitness  commend  hira  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  as  one  suitably 
qualified  for  the  position,  and  to  the  Senate,  by 
whose  action  the  choice  of  the  President  is  con- 
firmed. Chaplains  are  designated  as  "  stafFofficers," 
the  same  as  those  of  the  medical  and  engineer 
corps,  in  distinction  from  "  officers  of  the  line," 
and  rank  according  to  seniority  of  service  as  cap- 
tains, commanders,  lieutenant-commanders,  and 
lieutenants.  In  pursuance  of  the  law  governing 
the  retirement  of  commissioned  officers,  tliey  are 
retired  from  active  service  on  reaching  the  age  of 
sixty-two  years,  or  from  disabiiitj'  contracted  in 
the  service.  Their  duties  are  various,  in  connection 
with  navy-yards,  hospitals,  receiving-  and  training- 
ships,  and  the  flag-sliips  of  the  several  squadrons. 
The  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis  and  the  Naval 
Asylum  at  Philadelphia  furnish  imyiortant  fields 
for  the  work  of  the  chaplain.  The  recent  intro- 
duction of  '■  school-  or  training-ships"  as  an  organ- 
ized system  for  training  boys  in  order  to  constantly 
recruit  the  naval  service  with  competent  and  intel- 
ligent seamen,  likewise  ofi"ers  a  sphere  of  peculiar 
usefulness  to  chaplain.s.  In  addition  to  his  func- 
tions as  a  preacher,  where  men  or  boys  are  in  need 
of  instruction  he  is  to  select  competent  teachers  for 
this  purpose,  and  he  is  held  responsible  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  their  duties.  There  are  at 
present  five  Baptist  chaplains  in  the  navy. 

Chaplin,  Charles  Crawford,  D.D.,  son  of  Hon. 
AV.  R.  Chaplin,  was  born  in  Danville,  Va.,  Sept.  22, 
1<S.31.  He  is  the  descendant  of  an  old  Knglish 
family,  one  of  whom  emigrated  from  England  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  last  century.  He  is  related 
to  the  Chaplins  of  New  England,  many  of  whom 
are  Baptist  preachers.  He  was  educated  at  Rich- 
mond College,  Va.,  the  honors  of  which  he  was 
prevented  from  taking  because  of  ill  health;  was 
converted  in  1S53  ;  entered  college  in  18o4  ;  retired 
from  college  in  the  spring  of  1856,  and  was  or- 
dained in  Sandy  Creek  meeting-house,  Va.,  Decem- 
ber, 1856;  took  charge  of  the  Danville  church  im- 
mediately after  his  ordination,  and  retained  it 
until  June,  18V0;  took  charge  of  Owensburough 
church,  Ky.,  in  1870 ;  resigned  and  became  pastor, 
April,  1873,  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Paducah, 
Ky.,  of  which  he  was  pastor  till  Jan.  1, 1877,  when 
he  settled  with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Austin, 
Texas;  has  held  meetings,  during  which  between 
4000  and  500O  have  been  converted,  2500  of  whom 
have  joined  Baptist  churches.  He  has  written 
ably  for  denominational  periodicals.  He  has  fre- 
quently presided  over  deliberative  bodies  of  which 
he  was  a  member,  discharging  his  duties  with  skill 
and  ability.  The  honorary  degree  of  I). D.  was 
conferred  on  him  in  1878  by  Baylor  and  Waco 
Universities.     As  a  preacher,  he  ranks  among  the 


foremost  for  point,  impressiveness.  and  forcible  de- 
livery. He  has  written  some  .poetry,  which  has 
been  well  received  both  by  the  secular  and  religious 
press.  He  was  present  on  the  field  during  seven 
pitched  battles  in  the  war  between  the  States,  and 
ministered  to  many  wounded  and  dying  Federal 
and  Confederate  soldiers.     During  his  piistorate  at 


CH.\RLES   CRAflTFORD   CH.tPMN.   D.D. 

Danville  he  was  instrumental  in  building  a  par- 
sonage, a  meeting-house,  and  a  college  edifice  ;  at 
Owensborough,  a  parsonage ;  at  Paducah,  in  re- 
modeling the  church  edifice  ;  and  at  Austin  is 
likely  soon  to  see  the  church  edifice  remodeled 
and  a  parsonage  built.  The  present  governor  and 
family  (1878),  and  many  other  prominent  people 
at  the  capital  of  Texas,  are  regular  attendants  upon 
his  ministry. 

Chaplin,  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Rowley. 
Mass.,  .Jan.  2,  177G.  The  name  of  his  birthplaci; 
has  been  changed  to  Georgetown.  AVhen  but  ten 
years  of  age  he  became  a  Christian,  and  was  re- 
ceived by  baptism  into  the  church.  Like  so  many 
eminent  men  in  the  denomination,  he  spent  bis 
youth  upon  his  father's  farm,  strengthening  his 
physical  svstem  by  forming  habits  of  inestimable 
value  for  after-life.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  en- 
tered Brown  University,  and  was  graduated  as  the 
first  scholar  in  his  class  in  17y9.  For  one  year  he 
was  tutor  in  the  university,  and  then  pursued  his 
theological  studies  under  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin,  of 
Boston.  In  the  summer  of  1802  he  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Danvers,  Mass. 
Besides  performing  with  strict  fidelity  his  work  as 
a  minister,  he  gave  instruction  to  voun^  men  look- 


CHAPLIN 


204 


CHAPLIN 


ing  forward  to  the  Christian  ministry.  His  min- 
istry in  Danvers  continued  for  fourteen  years. 

The  reputation  of  Dr.  Chaplin  as  a  profound 
theologian  and  a  devout  Christian  grew  erery  year 
of  his  pastorate,  and  when,  in  1807,  it  was  proposed 
to  open  in  Watervillc,  Me.,  a  school  for  theological 
instruction  with  a  view  to  meet  the  wants  of  the 
rising  ministry  in  the  district  of  Maine,  the  atten- 
tion of  the  friends  of  the  enterprise  was  turned  to 
the  Danvers  pastor  as  a  most  suitable  person  to 
take  charge  of  the  institution.  Three  years'  exper- 
iment led  the  trustees  to  decide  to  enlarge  the 
sphere  of  its  operations,  and  in  1820  a  charter  was 
secured,  and  AVaterville  College,  now  Colby  Uni- 
versity, commenced  its  existence,  with  Dr.  Chaplin 
as  its  first  president,  which  relation  he  sustained 
for  thirteen  years.  It  was  a  period  of  great  toil 
and  self-sacrifice,  and  a  man  of  less  heroic  courage 
and  persistency  would  have  sunk  under  the  heavy 
burdens  which  he  bore  through  .all  these  arduous 
years.  The  college  was  his  idol,  if  he  had  any, 
and  with  unceasing  effort  he  labored  for  its  welfare. 
"  Under  his  wise  and  efficient  administration  of  its 
affairs,"  says  Prof.  Conant,  "  the  college  was  pro- 
vided with  the  necessarj'  Ijuildings,  library,  philo- 
sophical and  chemical  apparatus,  and  the  founda- 
tion laid  of  permanent  prosperity  in  the  confidence 
and  attiichment  of  its  numerous  friends." 

Dr.  Chaplin  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  col- 
lege in  1833.  Freed  now  from  the  Aveighty  cares 
and  responsibilities  which  had  pressed  so  heavily 
upon  him  for  thirteen  years,  he  entered  once  more 
upon  the  work  he  so  much  loved,  that  of  preacher 
and  pastor  of  a  church  of  Christ.  This  service  he 
performed  in  Rowley,  Mass.,  and  at  Willington, 
Conn.,  for  several  years.  He  died  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  May  7,  1841.' 

No  one  could  be  brought  in  contact  with  Dr. 
Chaplin  without  feeling  that  he  was  worthy  of  the 
universal  respect  which  he  inspired  as  a  scholar, 
and  especially  as  a  profound  theologian.  The  Hon. 
James  Brooks,  who  was  a  student  under  him,  says 
of  him, — 

•■  His  discourses  were  as  clear,  as  cogent,  as 
irresistibly  convincing  as  problems  in  Euclid.  He 
indulged  in  little  or  no  ornament,  but  pursued  one 
train  of  thought  without  deviation  to  the  end.  I 
attribute  to  him  more  than  to  any  one  else  the 
fixture  in  my  own  mind  of  religious  truths  which 
no  subsequent  reading  has  ever  been  iible  to  shake, 
ami  which  have  principally  influenced  my  pen  in 
treating  of  all  political,  legal,  or  moral  subjects, 
the  basis  of  which  was  in  the  principles  of  the 
Bible."  This  is  high  praise  from  the  accomplished 
editor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Express. 

In  an  appreciative  notice  of  his  venerated  teacher. 
Dr.  Lamson  thus  speaks  of  him  as  a  preacher : 

■'  There  were  none  of  the  graces  of  oratory  about 


him.  Nature  had  not  formcil  him  to  exhibit  them, 
and  he  was  far  enough  from  aiming  to  do  it.  The 
tones  of  his  voice  were  so  peculiar  that  the  ear 
that  once  heard  them  would  recognize  them  if 
heard  the  next  time  years  afterwards  and  in  the 
most  distant  land.  His  gestures  were  few  and  by 
no  means  varied.  And  yet,  though  it  has  been  my 
privilege  to  listen  to  some  of  the  most  able  and 
some  of  the  most  popular  preachers  in  my  own  de- 
nomination and  in  others,  I  have  seldom  heard  the 
man  who  could  more  closely  confine  my  attention. 
I  never  heard  a  sermon  from  him  which  did  not 
interest  me.  There  was  the  greatest  evidence  of 
sincerity ;  the  skeptics  could  not  for  a  moment 
doubt  that  he  was  uttering  the  honest  convictions 
of  his  own  heart.  There  was  nothing  like  dullness 
in  his  pulpit  services.  Though  his  voice  was  so 
little  varied  as  to  be  monotonous,  and  the  gestures 
were  so  few  and  so  much  alike,  yet  there  was 
somehow  imparted  to  the  whole  service  an  air  of 
animation.  The  style  was  chaste,  simple,  suited  to 
the  subject,  and  remarkable,  I  should  think,  for  its 
purity.  His  discourses  were  often  enlivened  by 
striking  illustrations  drawn  most  frequently  from 
the  commonest  relations  of  life,  and  yet  so  pre- 
sented as  to  fully  sustain  the  dignity  of  the  place 
and  the  subject.  It  is  striking  as  showing  the 
importance  of  this  power  of  illustration  in  the 
preacher,  that  now,  at  this  distance  of  time,  I  can 
recall  some  illustrations  used  by  him,  while  every 
other  portion  of  the  sermons  of  which  they  are  a 
part  is  irrevocably  lost." 

Chaplin.  Jeremiah,  Jr.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Danvers,  Mass.,  March  22,  1813,  and  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  Watervillc  College  in  the  class  of  1833.  He 
was  settled  in  Bangor,  Me.,  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  his  service  there  commencing  in 
December,  1841.  His  subsequent  settlements  were 
in  Norwalk,  Conn.,  and  Dedham  and  Newton,  Mass. 
For  quite  a  number  of  years  he  has  devoted  him- 
self to  authorship,  and  has  written  "  Jlemorial 
Hour,"  "Life  of  President  Dunster,"  "Life  of 
Charles  Sumner,"  '"  Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin." 
He  has  also  compiled  "  Riches  of  Bunyan,"  and  has 
now  in  preparation  a  "Life  of  Galen."  He  has 
also  written  for  the  Christian  Review  and  Baptist 
Qtiarterhj,  and  for  the  leading  Baptist  papers  of  the 
North. 

Dr.  Chaplin  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  Colby  University,  of  which  he  was 
a  trustee  from  1843  to  IS49.  in  1857.  His  present 
residence  is  in  Boston. 

Chaplin,  John  O'Brien,  was  born  in  Danvers, 
Mass.,  March  31.  1807.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
President  Chaplin.  He  pursued  his  preparatory 
studies  under  the  direction  of  students  of  Water- 
villc College,  where  he  graduated  in  182.5.  He  had 
charge  of  the  Latin  Preparatory  School  connected 


CHARLTON 


205 


CHASE 


with  the  college  not  far  from  two  years,  when  be 
was  chosen  tutor,  and  subsequently  Professor  of 
the  Latin  and  English  Languages  and  Literature, 
which  office  he  held  for  one  year.  L'pon  the 
resignation  of  bis  father  as  president  of  the  college, 
Prof.  Chaplin  also  left  Waterville,  and  accepted  an 
appointment  as  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in 
Columbian  College,  D.  C.  His  connection  with  the 
college  continued  for  ten  years,  from  1833  to  1843, 
when  ill  health  compelled  him  to  resign.  For 
several  years  be  continued  bis  residence  in  Wa.sb- 
ington,  giving  occasional  instruction,  as  his  strength 
permitted,  in  the  college,  with  which  be  had  been 
connected  so  many  years,  lie  came  North  about 
1850,  and  made  his  home  with  bis  brother.  Rev. 
A.  J.  Chaplin,  and  bis  brothers-in-law,  Drs.  B.  F. 
Bronson  and  T.  J.  Conant.  He  was  an  invalid  for 
several  years,  and  was  incapable  of  assuming  much 
responsibility  or  performing  much  labor.  Prof. 
Chaplin  was  a  ripe,  accomplished  scholar.  We  are 
told  that  ■•  a  memory  remarkably  retentive  to  the 
last"  made  bim  ready  master  of  his  rich  and  varied 
learning.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  most  able 
and  skillful  critic  of  style;  and  his  friends  have 
deeply  regretted  that  he  did  not  leave  to  the  world, 
as  an  essayist,  some  fruits  of  bis  remarkable  knowl- 
edge and  critical  acumen.  But,  dilBdent  in  temper- 
ament, fastidious  in  taste,  possessed  by  lofty  ideals, 
abstracted  in  mind  and  enfeebloil  in  body,  his  class- 
room instructions,  his  conversation,  and  private 
letters  gave  only  to  his  personal  friends  and  pupils 
evidence  of  bis  real  intellectual  capacity  and  power. 
And  a  life  blameless,  devout,  and  tenderly  religious 
was  clouded  by  a  mental  gloom  which  he  inherited 
from  his  distinguished  father,  and  which  was 
greatly  aggravated  by  disea.se.  Prof.  Chaplin  died 
at  Conway.  Mass.,  Dec.  22.  1SV2. 

Charlton,  Rev.  Frederick,  was  born  in  Con- 
necticut in  1822 ;  converted  at  the  ago  of  sixteen, 
and  baptized  at  eighteen  :  be  consecrated  himself 
to  the  ministry  :  graduated  at  Madison  University  ; 
was  pastor  three  years  at  Webster,  Mass.,  five  years 
at  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  then  entered  the  service  ' 
of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  in 
which  he  continued  two  years.  In  1860  he  re-  , 
moved  to  Sacramento,  Cal.,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  in  that  city  until  the  time  of  bis  death,  Aug. 
9,  1871.  He  was  a  man  of  stern  principle,  cour- 
teous, generous,  scholarly,  and  eloquent.  His  ser- 
mons were  always  thoroughly  studied,  and  de- 
livered without  notes.  His  pastorates  were  all 
blessed  with  large  revivals  ;  and  in  his  pastoral 
work  be  reaped  the  fruit  by  educating  the  converts 
to  active  church  work.  The  church  at  Sacramento 
was  one  of  the  largest  and  most  influential  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Chase,  Irah,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Stratton,  Vt., 
Oct.  5,  1793.     His  early   years  were  spent  on  his 


father's  farm,  but  he  had  no  tastes  for  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  was,  indeed,  entirely  unfitted  for 
them,  on  account  of  the  delicacy  of  his  healib. 
His  love  for  learning  early  developed  itself,  and  led 
to  his  preparation  to  enter  upon  a  liberal  course  of 
study.  In  1811  he  became  a  member  of  the  Soph- 
omore class  in  Middlebury  College,  Vt.  Among 
bis  classmates  were  the  well-known  missionaries 
of  the  American  Bo.ard  of  Commissioners  for  For- 
eign Missions,  Pliny  Fisk  and  Levi  Parsons,  .'iml 
the  scholarly  translator  of  llengstenberg's  "  Cliris- 
tology."  During  hia  Junior  year  he  pave  his  heart 
to  Christ,  and  henceforth  devoted  himself  to  the 
advancement  of  his  kingdom.  Soon  after  leaving 
college  he  went  to  Andover,  there  being  no  theo- 
logical seminary  among  the  Baptists  in  which  to 
pursue  his  studies.  He  was  the  only  representative 
of  his  denomination  in  the  institution,  but  be  was 
always  treated  courteously.  "  My  experience,"  he 
says,  "was  an  exemplification  of  the  possibility  of 
much  Christian  coiiununion.  without  communion 
in  baptism  and  the  Lord's  .'"upper." 


IR.MI    CHASE,   D  D. 

Having  been  ordained  as  an  evangelist,  be  de- 
voted some  time  to  missionary  work  in  Western 
Virginia.  While  thus  occupied  he  was  solicited  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Staughton  to  unite  with  him  in  open- 
ing a  theological  school  in  Pliiladelpbia.  When  a 
transfer  of  this  school  was  made  to  Washington, 
he  went  with  it.  and  was  connected  with  it  for  seven 
years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  there  seemed  to 
be  a  call  in  Providence  for  him  to  remove  to  some 
other  locality,  and  the  cloud  which,  as  he  thought, 
led  his  footsteps,  at  last  rested  over  Newton.    Here 


CHASE 


21)6 


CHASK 


he  began  his  work  Nov.  28,  1825.  It  was  "the 
day  of  small  thing.s,"  and  the  foundations  of  what 
has  come  to  be  so  noble  and  so  useful  an  institution 
were  laid  with  many  prayers,  and  a  faith  which 
was  "  the  substance  of  things  hoped  for,  the  evi- 
dence of  things  not  seen."  In  those  early  days, 
however,  there  were  a  few  friends,  like  Nathaniel 
K.  Cobb  and  Levi  Farwcll.  who  pledged  tlieniselves, 
out  of  love  to  t'lirist  and  his  cause,  to  stand  by  its 
fortunes  so  long  as  it  was  in  their  power  to  help 
forward  its  interests.  The  strong,  long-cherished 
desire  of  Prof.  Chase  was  to  be  a  teacher  of  strictly 
Biblical  theology, — to  pursue  a  strictly  Baconian 
method  of  ascertaining  exactly  what  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures teach,  and  from  the  knowledge  thus  obtained 
to  construct  his  system  of  theology.  Twenty  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  at  Newton.  How  he  toiled, 
what  sacrifices  he  made,  with  what  enthusiasm  he 
engaged  in  liis  work  ;  how  careful  and  painstaking 
he  was  in  learning  the  precise  meaning  of  the 
Scriptures  by  the  diligent  study  of  the  languages 
in  which  they  were  written ;  how  he  encouraged 
desponding  students,  and  by  his  cheering  words 
poured  new  life  into  many  a  depressed  spirit  ;  how 
his  prayers  and  his  l>enedictions  followed  the  young 
men  as  they  went  forth  from  under  the  training  of 
his  careful  hand  to  become  the  teachers  of  religion 
and  the  guides  of  the  church, — these  are  things 
which  only  the  revelations  of  eternity  will  disclose. 
The  denomination  owes  to  him  a  debt  which  it  can 
never  pay.  He  believed  in  a  properly-educated 
ministry.  It  was  his  conviction  that  no  denomina- 
tion of  Christians. had  a  right  to  think  it  could  get 
a  strong  hold  on  any  intelligent  community  and 
retain  that  hold  until  it  had  in  its  ranks  cultivated 
men.  "  apt  to  teach,"  and  train  up  the  disciples 
of  Christ  in  knowledge  and  holy  living.  He  did 
his  p.irt  in  securing  for  the  Baptist  churches  such 
an  order  of  men,  and  if  we  should  mention  the 
names  of  some  of  those  who  came  under  his  in- 
structions we  should  find  them  among  the  bright 
lights  of  the  denomination. 

On  ending  his  relation  with  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution.  Prof.  Ch.ase  removed  to  Boston, 
and  became  a  member  of  Dr.  Sharp's  church.  It 
was  here  that  the  writer  of  this  sketch  was  brought 
into  intimate  relations  with  him  as  his  pastor. 
Often  did  he  speak  the  word  of  encouragement  to 
him  when  weighed  down  by  the  cares  and  burdens 
of  a  city  minister's  life. 

Prof.  Chase,  by  personal  observation,  made  him- 
self acquainted  with  the  gifted  men  in  the  Old 
World  whose  lines  of  thought  and  study  were  in 
the  direction  of  his  own.  He  spent  several  months 
of  the  year  1823  at  Halle  and  Leipsic.  He  also 
heard  the  lectures  of  distinguished  professors  at 
Gottingen.  He  studied  out  the  history  and  the 
church  polity  of  the  Mennonites.  by  going  directly 


to  the  sources  of  knowledge  respecting  that  inter- 
esting class  of  Christians,  and  subsequently  gave 
tlie  results  of  his  investigations  in  a  published 
article  on  that  subject.  Whether  working  at  home 
or  abroad  in  his  favorite  profession,  he  spared  no 
pains  in  obtaining  information,  and  none  in  giving 
to  the  world  fairly  and  truthfully  the  knowledge 
he  had  obtained.  It  would  be  a  wonder  indeed  to 
find  him  making  a  loose  and  unreliable  statement 
of  any  doctrine,  or  opinion,  or  fact  which  he  had 
made  a  matter  of  special  investigation.  If  Prof. 
Ch.ase  had  not  the  magnetic  power  of  Moses  Stuart, 
who  seemed  to  arouse  and  electrify  his  classes  as  if 
with  the  wiind  of  a  magician,  and  when  thus  ex- 
cited would  quite  boldly  assert  as  truth  what  after- 
wards he  was  compelled  to  modify,  he  had  what,  as 
a  Biblical  teacher,  was  better  worth  possessing,  the 
will  to  investigate  patiently,  and  the  honesty  to 
state  exactly  what  he  had  discovered.  In  many 
respects  he  was  a  model  teacher  of  theology,  to  a 
class  of  inquiring  minds  who  vrere  desirous  of 
knowing  with  precision,  what  they  were  to  commu- 
nicate as  teachers  of  God's  Word  from  the  sacred 
desk. 

Prof.  Chase's  useful  life  closed  amid  the  scenes 
he  so  much  loved  at  Newton,  Nov.  1,  1864.  His 
remains  were  laid  away  in  the  beautiful  cemetery 
of  his  village  home. 

Chase,  Rev.  Supply,  was  bom  in  Guilford,  Vt., 
Sept.  3U,  18U0.  His  parents  removed  soon  after  to 
Tully,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  here  their  son 
grew  to  manhood,  eagerly  desiring  a  better  educa- 
tion than  seemed  within  his  reach,  but  studying  as 
best  he  could.  He  taught  school  for  several  years, 
and  had  a  special  fondness  for  military  life.  At 
the  age  of  thirty-one  he  was  colonel  of  the  62d 
Regiment  of  New  York  State  troops.  He  became  a 
disciple  of  Christ  in  1831,  and  was  baptized  July  3, 
in  Tully.  Immediately  after  joining  the  church 
he  was  summoned  by  its  great  Head  to  work  in 
the  gospel  ministry,  but  he  disregarded  the  call 
for  several  years.  He  preached  for  the  first  time 
March  1,  1835,  and  was  ordained  Nov.  10,  1835. 
In  Foliruary  following  he  was  commissioned  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Jlission  Society  to  preach 
in  Pontiac,  Mich.,  but  reaching  that  place  in  May 
he  found  another  man  engaged  as  pastor,  and  there- 
fore he  turned  to  Mount  Clemens.  He  was  pastor 
successively  in  Mount  Clemens,  Mount  Pleasant, 
Washington,  Stony  Creek,  Romeo,  Northville,  and 
in  the  Second  church,  Detroit.  Between  the  two 
pastorates  last  named  he  served  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society  three  years,  and  en- 
gaired  in  work  as  an  evangelist  three  years.  Since 
reaching  the  age  of  seventy-three  years  he  has  not 
been  a  pastor,  but  has  been  supplying  destitute 
churches  and  laboring  in  protracted  meetings.  His 
residence  is  Detroit.     During  his  ministry  he  has 


CUAUDOIN 


207 


CHENEY 


enjoyed  many  seasons  of  revival.  lie  was  one  of 
the  orifiinal  members  of  the  Baptist  Convention  of 
the  State  of  Mi<-hiLMii. 

Chaudoin,  Rev.  W.  N. — William  Xowell  Chau- 
doin  is  of  French  descent  on  his  father's  side,  be- 
ing great-irrandson  of  Francis  Chaudoin,  a  Hugue- 
not, who  brought  the  name  to  this  continent.  His 
father  and  grandfather,  and  some  <if  his  more  re- 
mote relatives,  were  Baptist  ministers.  Mr.  Chau- 
doin was  born  in  Robertson  Co.,  Tenn.,  Aug.  10, 
182'J :  was  converted  in  his  sixteenth  year,  and 
baptized  by  Rev.  William  F.  Luck,  in  Davidson 
Co.,  Tenn.  Two  years  after  he  eommenced  to 
preach,  and  was  ordained  by  W.  S.  Balilry.  W.  D. 
Baldwin,  and  William   Biiimberlow,  in  Davidson 


REV.   W.   X.  CHAUDOIN. 

County.  While  laboring  in  Xashville,  Tenn,,  he 
contracted  a  cough  that  has  baffled  all  efforts  to 
cure.  This  led  to  his  removal  to  the  State  of 
Georgia,  in  1857,  and  also  to  his  leaving  the  pasto- 
rate, in  ISfiO,  and  entering  as  missionary  agent,  the 
service  of  the  Home  Mission  Board,  then  called  the 
Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention.  In  that  capacity  he  has  labored  partly 
in  Florida  each  year  since  1872,  and  now  his  labors 
are  nearly  all  in  that  State,  as  a  missionary  and 
as  editor  of  the  Florida  department  of  the  Christian 
Index,  of  Georgia. 

Cheever,  Daniel. — Sept.  1,  1858,  Daniel  Cheever 
died  at  Delavan,  111,,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of 
his  age.  Tie  was  born  at  Wrentham,  Mass.,  Dec. 
20,  1769.  Though  educated  a  Congregationalist, 
he  was  led,  upon  his  conversion  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen, by  personal  study  of  the  Scriptures  to  adopt 


Baptist  views,  and  presenting  himself  to  the  North 
Attleborough  Baptist  church,  he  was  received  and 
baptized.  He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1857,  uniting 
with  the  Delavan  Baptist  church  in  Tazewell 
County,  of  which  he  femained  a  member  until 
his  death.  For  sixt}--nine  years  he  had  walked 
with  God  a.s  a  faithful  member  of  a  Christiiin 
church. 

Cheney,  David  Batchelder,  D,D.— Since  en- 
tering fully  upon  the  active  duties  of  the  ministry 
in  184.3,  a  period  of  thirty-seven  years,  Dr,  Cheney 
has  had  a  career  of  signal  activity  and  usefulnes'--. 
We  regret  that,  as  in  other  cases,  only  a  brief  out- 
line of  it  can  be  given  bore.  He  was  born  in 
Southbridge,  Mass.,  June  8,  1820,  and  spent  his 
childhood  and  early  youth  upon  his  father's  farm. 
He  was  baptized  May  20,  1830.  by  the  late  Dr- 
J.  G.  Binney,  to  whom  also  in  his  earlier  Chris- 
tian life  he  was  greatly  indebted.  Simultaneously 
with  his  conversion  came  the  conviction  that  he 
must  preach  the  gdspel,  and  with  this  view  he  began 
a  course  of  study,  in  prosecuting  which  he  was 
dependent  entirely  upon  such  resources  as  he  could 
command  by  efforts  of  his  own.  Under  the  strain 
his  health  began  to  suffer.  After  six  years  spent 
in  the  Worcester  and  Shelburne  Falls  Academies, 
and  in  Amherst  College,  he  decided  to  prosecute 
what  remained  of  needful  study  in  connection  with 
his  ministerial  work.  He  began  preaching  when 
only  nineteen  or  twenty  years  of  age,  but  was  or- 
dained at  the  age  of  about  twenty-three,  October, 
1843,  at  Mansfield,  Conn.  His  mind  was  already 
turned  towards  the  West,  so  that  he  hardly  con- 
sidered himself  a  pastor  at  Mansfield,  though  he 
spent  two  fruitful  years  with  that  people :  the 
house  of  worship  was  rebuilt,  the  congregation 
greatly  increased,  while  the  benevolent  contribu- 
tions of  the  church  were  enlarged  some  twenty- 
fold.  Near  the  close  of  the  second  year  he  was 
called  to  two  open  fields,  but  as  his  thoughts  were 
still  towards  the  West  he  hesitated  to  accept  either. 
At  length  he  decided  for  Greenville,  a  part  of  Nor- 
wich, Conn,,  where  a  church  was  to  be  organized 
and  a  house  of  worship  built.  A  church  was  ac- 
cordingly soon  formed,  with  10(1  members,  and  the 
new  house  built.  .\  precious  revival  began  before 
the  house  was  complete,  and  upon  the  dedication 
of  the  new  sanctuary  the  congregation  so  increased 
that  very  soon  the  house  was  filled  from  pulpit  to 
door.  Between  30  and  40  were  baptized  as  the 
fruit  of  the  revival. 

The  interest  in  Western  work,  however,  remained 
unabated,  and  correspondence  with  the  board  in 
New  York,  and  a  visit  to  Columbus,  0..  resulting 
in  a  call  from  the  church  in  the  last-named  city, 
with  aid  towards  his  support  from  the  Home  Mis- 
sion treasury,  he  removed  to  Columbus  in  April, 
1847.     The  pastorate  here  was  a  remarkable  one. 


CHENEY 


208 


CHICAGO 


The  church  as  he  found  it  numbered  some  200 
meuibers.  but  was  poor  and  heavily  in  debt.  At 
the  end  of  five  and  a  half  years  the  church  had 
become  one  of  the  largest  and  most  efficient  in  the 
State,  its  available  financial  strength  having  in- 
creased fifteen-fold.  Three  years  of  the  period 
named  were  cholera  years.  Mr.  Cheney  remained 
at  his  post  while,  especially  in  the  first  of  the  three 
years,  every  other. Protestant  pastor  left  the  city. 
His  labors  among  the  sick  and  the  dying  and  in 
attendance  upon  funerals  were  constant.  The  first 
year  was  passed  by  himself  and  family  in  safety, 
but  in  the  second  his  wife  died  of  the  terrible  dis- 
ease, and  himself  and  two  children  were  attacked 
and  barely  escaped  with  life.  The  result  was 
broken  health,  and  the  assurance  on  the  part  of  his 
physicians  that  a  change  of  residence  had  become 
imperative.  A  second  attack  of  cholera  left  no 
alternative,  and  accepting  one  of  the  various  calls 
which  he  had  before  him,  he  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia and  became  pastor  of  the  Eleventh  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  entering  upon  his  duties  there 
Nov.  15,  1852.  Here  he  remained  until  1859. 
Three  of  the  .seven  years  were  blessed  by  an  almost 
constant  revival  of  religion.  While  here,  also,  the 
marked  executive  ability  which  he  was  known  to 
possess  led  to  the  ofl'er  successively  of  the  secretary- 
ship of  the  Missionary  Union,  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  the  Home  Mission  Society, 
and  the  Publication  Society.  The  last  was  offered 
him  in  the  year  1856,  the  post  having  fallen  vacant 
in  the  middle  of  the  year :  he  served  for  the  latter 
half  of  the  year,  writing  the  Annual  Report,  but, 
declining  further  service,  surrendered  the  place  to 
the  present  able  secretary,  whom  he  had  the  pleas- 
ure of  introducing  to  the  office  he  has  filled  so 
long  and  so  successfully.  While  in  Philadelphia, 
also,  he  took  a  leading  part  in  the  work  of  minis- 
terial education,  being  made  secretarj'  of  the  Penn- 
.sylvania  Education  Society  soon  after  his  resi- 
dence in  the  .State  began,  and  continuing  in  that 
office  till  his  removal  to  San  Francisco,  in  July, 
1859. 

In  San  Francisco  Mr.  Cheney  remained  eight 
years.  He  then  returned  East,  accepting  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Central  Square  church  in  Boston. 
His  pastorate  here  had  a  duration  of  three  years 
anil  a  half  He  found  a  chui'ch  of  267  members, 
and  left  it  with  one  of  484,  2o3  of  the  additions 
having  been  by  baptism.  The  house  of  worship, 
whicli  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  was  also  in  the 
mean  time  rebuilt.  During  the  last  two  yeara  of 
his  stay  in  Boston  Mr.  Cheney  served  on  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  the  Missionary  Union.  In 
April,  1874,  he  removed  to  Chicago,  as  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  church,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Ashland 
Avenue  and  Union  Park  churches.  This  union, 
consummated  as  the  result  of  his  coming,  restored 


strength  where  there  had  been  feebleness,  and  in- 
augurated a  pastorate  of  great  value  not  only  to 
the  church  but  to  the  denomination.  After  some 
four  years  of  .service  here  he  accepted  the  call  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Elgin,  111.,  where  he  is 
still  the  useful  and  valued  pastor. 

Mr.  Cheney  has  served  upon  boards  of  trustees, 
missionary  and  educational,  during  many  years. 
While  in  Ohio  he  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Gran- 
ville University;  in  California,  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, the  presidency  of  which  was  also  ofiercd 
him.  In  Illinois,  almost  from  the  time  of  his  ar- 
rival in  the  State,  he  has  been  called  to  similar 
service  on  the  boards  of  the  theological  seminary 
and  the  university  at  Chicago.  The  boards  of 
home  and  foreign  missions,  and  others,  have  also 
had  his  service.  In  these  positions  he  never  fails 
to  take  a  leading  part,  and  to  command  for  his 
opinions  and  measures  the  confidence  of  his  asso- 
ciates. 

Chessman,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Boston, 
July  15,  17M7,  and  was  baptized  by  Ucv.  Dr.  Bald- 
win, Oct.  30,  1803.  Believing  himself  called  of 
God  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1807  to  prepare  himself  for  his  future 
work.  While  pursuing  his  studies  he  was  not  idle 
in  his  Master's  cause.  In  connection  with  two  or 
three  other  students  he  laid  the  foundations  of  what, 
until  recently,  was  the  Third  Baptist  cliurcl)  in 
Providence,  now  a  constituent  part  of  the  Union 
church.  He  graduated  in  1811.  For  a  short  time 
he  was  inclined  to  stuily  law,  but  prayerful  con- 
sideration brought  him  to  the  conclusion  that  in 
the  ministry  he  could  best  glorify  God  and  benefit 
the  souls  of  his  fellow-men.  He  was  licensed  by 
his  church  July  5,  1812,  and  not  long  afti'r  was 
ordained  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  churcli  in 
Warren,  R.  I.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and 
then  accepted  a  call  to  Ilallowell,  Me.  Here  he 
was  pastor  for  nine  years.  From  Ilallowell  he 
went  to  Lynn,  Mass.,  where  he  spent  four  years, 
and  then  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Barn- 
stable, Mass.,  where  he  died  May  21,  1839. 

Mr.  Chessman  was  a  much  more  than  ordinary 
preacher.  Easy  and  graceful  in  his  manner,  with 
a  ready  utterance,  and  sincere  interest  in  his  work, 
he  commandc<l  and  secured  the  love  and  respect 
of  the  churches  and  congregations  to  whicli  he 
ministered. 

Chicago,  Baptist  Churches  in.— Near  tlie  end 
of  May,  in  the  year  18GT,  at  the  annual  meeting 
for  that  year  of  the  Home  Mission  Society  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  of  the  United  States,  held  in 
Chicago,  the  president  of  the  society,  Hon.  3.  M. 
Iloyt,  of  Cleveland,  in  his  opening  address,  said, 
"In  September,  1833,  the  Pottawattomies,  7000 
strong,  were  assembled  here  where  we  are  now 
convened.      Here    they   deliberated,    and    finally. 


CHICAGO 


20J 


CHICAGO 


through  the  .igency  of  their  chiefs,  foriiiiilly  ceded 
the  territory  of  Illinois  and  the  site  of  the  city  of 
Chicago  to  the  United  States  government.  Having 
done  this  they  passed  on  to  the  Mississippi.  Im- 
mediately the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  detailed  a  Freeman  (Rev.  Allen  B.  Free- 
man) to  stand  a.s  sentinel  at  this  post." 

The  attention  of  the  secretary  of  the  society, 
Dr.  Jonathan  Going,  had  been  called  to  this  point 
in  a  letter  to  Rev.  C.  G.  Sommers,  of  New  York, 
by  Dr.  John  T.  Temple,  then  a  resident  liere,  and 
a  member  of  tl)e  Baptist  denomination.  '"We 
have  no  servant  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  writes 
Dr.  Temple,  "to  proclaim  the  glad  tidings  of  sal- 
vation. I  write  to  beg  you  will  see  Dr.  Going,  and 
ask  that  a  young  man  of  first-rate  talent,  whose 
whole  heart  is  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  may  be  sent 
out  immediately,  before  the  ground  shall  be  occu- 
pied by  some  other  organization.  I  will  myself 
become  responsible  for  $200  per  annum  for  such  a 
missionary."  This  pas.sage  in  Dr.  Temple's  letter 
was  sent  by  Dr.  Going  to  Allen  B.  Freeman,  a 
young  man  who  was  then  just  finishing  his  studies 
at  what  is  now  Madison  University,  in  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.  Mr.  Freeman  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Rufus 
B.  Freeman,  an  esteemed  Baptist  minister  of  Cen- 
tral New  York,  described  to  Dr.  Temple  by  Dr. 
Going  as  ''a  talented,  pious,  and  efficient  man." 
Such  he  proved  himself  to  be  even  in  the  brief 
period  of  the  ministry  performed  by  him  as  a  mis- 
sionary of  the  society  at  Chicago.  He  arrived  at 
Chicago  in  August.  1S33,  finding  a  liomc  with  Dr. 
Temple,  and  entering  at  once  upon  earnest  and 
diligent  labor,  not  only  in  preaching,  but  "  from 
house  to  house."  Measures  were  almost  immedi- 
ately taken  for  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship. 
"  It  was,"  says  Cyrus  Bentley,  Esq.,  in  his  "  His- 
tory of  the  First  Baptist  Church,"  "  an  humble 
edifice,  designed  both  as  a  place  of  religious  wor- 
ship and  as  a  school-house,  and  cost  when  com- 
pleted the  sum  of  .sddO,  S1.50  of  which  was  in 
arrears,  and  remained  as  a  debt  upon  the  prop- 
erty." 

Oct.  19,  1833,  a  church  of  1-5  members  wa.s 
organized, — the  First  Baptist  church  of  Chicago 
and  the  first  Baptist  church  in  the  whole  north- 
western region  north  of  Peoria,  save  one,  the 
church  at  Plaintield  having  come  into  existence  a 
few  months  earlier. 

Mr.  Freeman  continued  in  service  only  one  year 
and  a  half.  In  December,  1834,  while  upon  one 
of  his  itinerating  tours,  having  administered  the 
rite  of  baptism  at  Bristol,  in  the  Fo.x  River,  as  he 
was  returning  homeward  his  horse  gave  out,  and 
much  of  the  journey  had  to  be  made  on  foot,  amidst 
inclement  weather  and  great  exposure.  The  con- 
sequence was  a  fever,  of  which  he  died  Dec.  15, 
1834.     His   last  words   were,   "Toll    my    revered 


father  that  I  die  at  my  post  and  in  my  Master's 
work.  " 

These  were  the  beginnings  of  Baptist  history  in 
Chicago.  Subsequent  events  must  be  noticed  less 
in  detail.  Mr.  Freeman  was  succeeded,  in  1835,  by 
Rev.  I.  T.  Hinton.  After  him  came  Rev.  C.  B. 
Smith,  in  1842.  In  1843,  Rev.  E.  H.  Hamlin  be- 
came pastor,  and  in  October,  1845,  Rev.  Miles  San- 
ford.  After  some  two  years  of  service  he  also 
resigned,  and  for  fourteen  months  following  Ili^v. 
Luther  Stone,  editor  of  the  Watchman  of  the  Prai- 
ries, served  as  acting  pa.stor.  In  September,  1848, 
Rev.  Elisha  Tucker,  D.D.,  became  pastor,  contin- 
uing in  service  until  1851,  when  he  resigned,  the 
pulpit  remaining  vacant  until  October,  1852,  when 
Rev.  .John  C.  Burroughs  became  pastor.  Almost 
immediately  upon  the  commencement  of  his  labors 
the  house  of  worship,  which  had  been  built  in 
1843,  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  E.  II.  Hamlin, 
was  burned.  Measures  were  taken  at  once  for  the 
rebuilding;  the  corner-stone  was  laid  July  4,  18.53, 
and  the  house  dedicated  November  12  following. 
In  18.56,  Mr.  Burroughs  resigned,  and  Dr.  W.  G. 
Howard,  of  Rochester,  was  called  to  the  pastorate. 
He  was  succeeded,  in  1859,  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Everts, 
and  he,  in  1879,  by  Dr.  Geo.  C.  Lorimer,  the  present 
pastor. 

The  second  Baptist  church  in  order  of  time  in 
Chicago  was  the  Tabernacle  church,  compused  of 
32  members  of  the  First  church,  who  left  that  body 
in  1842,  and  organized  upon,  the  west  side  of  the 
river.  This  church  was  served  by  successive  pas- 
tors, among  others  Rev.  Lewis  Raymond,  Rev. 
Archiliald  Kenyon,  Rev.  J.  E.  Kenney,  and  Rev. 
Nathaniel  Calver.  D.D.,  until  the  year  1864,  when 
an  important  change  took  place,  affecting  favorably 
the  situation  of  all  the  Baptist  churches  in  the 
city.  In  that  year  the  First  church  sold  its  prop- 
erty at  the  corner  of  La  Salle  and  AVashington 
Streets  to  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  receiving 
for  it  the  sum  of  $1)5.000.  Of  this  sum  such  a  use 
was  made  as  should  be  helpful  to  the  other  churches 
of  the  city.  The  house,  built,  as  we  have  said,  in 
1853,  was  given  to  such  members  of  the  church  as 
should  unite  with  the  Tabernacle  church  upon  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  with  a  location  more  favor- 
able, the  resulting  organization  to  be  called  the 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Chicago.  It  was  accord- 
ingly taken  diiwn,  removed  to  the  west  side,  and 
there  re-erected  at  the  corner  of  Morgan  ami  Mon- 
roe Streets.  In  the  union  of  the  Tabernacle  church 
with  members  of  the  First  church  living  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river  a  strong,  efficient  church 
was  formed.  The  removal  and  rebuilding  of  the 
house  cost  some  S'iO.OOO.  Rev.  E.  J.  Gooilspeed, 
of  Janesville,  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  years 
of  signal  Christian  activity,  growth,  and  prosperity 
followed.     Dr.  doodspeed,  in  the  later  years  of  his 


KIUST     l;\rTlST    (111   Kill.   I   IIICA(iO. 


CHICAGO 


211 


CHICAGO 


pastorate,  was  assisted  hy  liis  brother,  Rev.  T.  W. 
Goodspeed.  Upon  the  termination  of  tlioir  joint 
pastorate,  occasioned  by  the  failing  health  of  the 
senior  pastor,  Dr.  Galusha  Anderson,  of  Brooklyn, 
was  called.  lie  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  John  Ped- 
dle, of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Peddie  having;  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  cliiirch 
in  New  York  City,  was  succeed(!d  by  the  Rev. 
\V.  M.  Lawrence,  of  Philadelphia. 

The  third  Baptist  church  in  order  of  time  in 
Chicago  was  the  Edina  Place,  organized  by  mem- 
bers of  the  First  church,  by  whom  a  house  of  wor- 
ship was  built  at  the  corner  of  Edina  I'lac-o  and 
Harrison  Street.  Rev.  Robert  Boyil  was  called  as 
the  fii'st  pastor.  Under  his  remarkable  ministry 
the  church  enjoyed  great  prosperity.  A  better 
location  was  found  for  it  in  due  time  at  the  corner 
of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Eighteenth  Street ;  sub- 
sequently it  removed  to  Michigan  Avenue  and 
Twenty-third  Street,  erecting  there  a  fine  house  of 
worship  and  changing  its  name  to  the  Michigan 
Avenue  Baptist  church.  The  successive  pastors 
have  been  Robert  Boyd,  D.D.,  E.  G.  Taylor,  D.D., 
Samuel  Baker,  D.D.,  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  D.D.,  Rev. 
E.  M.  Ellis,  J.  W.  Custis,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  James 
Patterson.  Rev.  K.  B.  Tupper  is  the  acting  pastor 
at  present. 

Union  Park  Baptist  church  was  the  fourth  in 
order  of  date  organized  in  Chicago.  This  took 
place  in  September,  1856,  the  location  chosen 
being  near  Union  Park.  Rev.  A.  J.  Joslyn  was 
the  first  pastor.  After  him  i-anie  Rev.  J.  S.  Mahan, 
E.  (!.  Taylor,  D.D.,  Rev.  Flon-jue  iMcCarthy,  D.  B. 
Cheney,  D.D.,  and  E.  B.  Ilulbert,  D.D..  the  last 
named  being  still  in  service.  The  house  of  worship 
now  occupied — the  second  built  by  the  church  in 
the  course  of  its  history — stands  at  the  corner  of 
West  Washington  and  Paulina  Streets.  The  name 
of  the  church  has  been  changed  to  the  Fourth  Bap- 
tist church  of  Chicago. 

In  November,  1857,  the  North  Baptist  church 
was  organized,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  A. 
Smith,  of  the  Sfandard.  The  place  of  meeting 
was  at  first  tlie  lecture-room  of  Rush  Medical  Col- 
lege, on  the  north  side  of  the  river.  In  the  follow- 
ing spring  and  .summer  a  house  of  worship  was  built 
at  the  corner  of  Ohio  and  Dearborn  Streets.  The 
church  having  become  sufficiently  strong  to  sustain 
a  pastor,  Mr.  Smith  resigned,  and  Dr.  S.  W.  Lynd 
was  called.  lie  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  A.  II.  Strong, 
now  president  of  the  Rochester  Theologicjil  Sem- 
inary, and  he  by  Rev.  A.  A.  Kendrick,  now  ]iresi- 
dent  of  Shurtloft' College.  Mr.  Kendrick  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Reuben  Jeffrey,  D.D..  and  he  by  Rev.  0. 
T.  Walker.  In  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  house  of 
worship  of  the  church — a  new  edifice  upon  Chicago 
Avenue,  purchased  from  a  Unitarian  church — was 
destroyed,  and  the  organization  bi-oken  up.     The 


ground  it  had  held  remained  mostly  unoccupied 
until  the  organization  of  the  Central  church  by 
Rev.  E.  0.  Taylor  in  1877.  This  prosperous  society 
may  be  regarded  as  the  successor  of  the  North 
church,  and  as  continuing  its  history. 

The  North  Star  Baptist  church  is  also  upon  the 
north  side  of  the  river,  at  the  corner  of  Division 
and  Sedgwick  Streets.  It  began  as  a  mission  of 
the  First  church,  established  in  1860.  A  property 
was  there  acquired  at  a  cost  of  some  $30,000,  con- 
sisting of  a  chapel  and  parsonage.  These  were  de- 
stroyed by  the  fire  of  1871,  but  rebuilt,  through  the 
efforts  of  Dr.  Everts.  The  mission  became  a  church 
in  1870,  Rev.  Geo.  L.  AVrenn  being  its  first  pastor. 
After  a  service  of  five  years  he  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  E.  R.  Pierce.  After  him  came  Rev.  J.  M. 
Whitehead,  who  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  R.  P.  Al- 
lison, and  he  by  Rev.  Joseph  Rowley,  the  present 
pastor. 

The  Indiana  Avenue  Baptist  church,  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Indiana  Avenue  and  Thirtieth  Street,  in  the 
south  part  of  the  city,  was  organized  in  1864.  It 
grew  out  of  a  mission  founded  there  by  the  First 
church  in  1863,  a  neat  house  of  worship  being 
erected  in  that  year  upon  lots  donated  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  organization  of  a  church  occurred  in 
the  vear  following.  J.  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  served  as 
pastor  five  years.  lie  was  followed  by  M.  S.  Rid- 
dle, D.D.,  to  whom  succeeded  Rev.  F.  D.  Kickerson, 
followed  by  Rev.  W.  W.  Everts,  Jr.  Upon  the  re- 
moval of  the  First  church  to  the  corner  of  South 
Park  Avenue  and  Thirty-first  Street,  in  1S75,  the 
Indiana  Avenue  church  was  dissolved,  and  its 
members  united  with  the  First  church. 

Near  the  close  of  1868  the  University  Place 
church  was  organized  in  the  chapel  of  the  univer- 
sity, being  composed  of  members  of  the  Indiana 
Avenue  and  First  churches  living  in  that  vicinity. 
J.  A.  Smith,  D.D..  served  as  the  first  pastor,  being 
followed  by  Vfm.  Hague,  D.D.,  who  was  succeeded 
.as  acting  pastor  by  J.  B.  Jackson,  D.D.,  and  he  by 
Rev.  A.  J.  Frost,  now  of  California.  A.  Owen, 
D.D.,  came  next,  who  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  T. 
Burhoe,  the  present  pastor.  The  house  of  worship 
built  by  the  church  stands  on  Thirty-fifth  Street 
near  Rhodes  Avenue. 

The  Western  Avenue  church,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river,  was  organized  in  1869.  Its  first  pas- 
tor. Rev.  John  Gordon,  was  signally  successful  in 
building  up  the  church  to  a  strong  and  independent 
position.  The  present  pastor.  Rev.  C.  Perrin,  is 
also  much  prospered  in  his  work.  Other  churches 
in  the  vicinity  are  the  Centennial,  organized  in 
1875  :  Coventry  Street,  1870  :  South  church.  1867  ; 
Central,  1877:  Olivet  (colored),  1853;  Providence 
(cidored),  1871:  Dearborn  Street,  1875;  Twenty- 
fifth  Street:  with  a  Danish,  a  Swedish,  and  a  Ger- 
man.   Mention  should  also  be  made  of  the  Taber- 


CHICAGO 


212 


CHIC  AGO 


naole,  conducted  Ijy  Mr.  B.  F.  Jacobs,  and  various 
missions  in  ditt'ei-ent  purts  of  tlie  city,  sustained  by 
the  several  cburclies. 

Chicago,  Baptist  Union  Theological  Sem- 
inary at. — Aliout  the  year  1860  a  conviction  had 
become  ((uite  general  in  various  parts  of  the  North- 
Vfestern  States  that  provision  should  be  made  at 
siune  suitable  point  west  of  the  lakes  for  distinctively 
theological  e<lucation.  The  University  of  Chicago 
had  been  recently  established,  and  was  already 
giving  promise  of  permanent  growth  and  power. 
Colleges  of  considerably  older  date  existed  in  other 
parts  of  the  AVest,  and  were  acquiring  financial  in- 
dependence and  literary  reputation.  Fortlienlogical 
education,  however,  the  West  was  wholly  dependent 
upon  the  East,    it  was  felt  that  an  institution  more 


logical  centre  for  the  Northwest,  as  also  its  com- 
mercial and  literary  centre,  is  at  Chicago,  and  also 
that  if  they  were  right  in  this,  they  must  be  e((ually 
justified  in  their  confidence  that,  planted  thus  at 
the  true  centre,  the  institution  would  make  its  own 
way.  Accordingly  a  meeting  was  called  by  the 
three  brethren  who  decided  to  assume  this  respon- 
sibility, viz.,  W.  W.  Everts,  .].  B.  Oleott.  and  J. 
A.  Smith,  to  be  held  at  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Chicago.  This  took  place  in  the  year  ISIid.  But 
few  were  present,  yet  it  was  decided  there  to  or- 
ganize the  Baptist  Theological  Union  for  the  North- 
west, which  was  accordingly  done.  Officers  were 
chosen,  and  a  committee  a))pointed  to  report  a  con- 
stitution at  a  meeting  to  be  held  in  the  following 
year.     At  the  meeting  in  iJSIil  other  members  were 


CHICAGO    li.M'TlST     INION      r  II  KUl.dC  IT  A  I,    SEMlNAIiV. 


easily  accessible,  and  in  which  the  Western  min- 
istry could  have  a  Western  theological  training,  was 
becoming  indispensable.  In  the  year  18.39  a  con- 
vention of  delegates  representing  the  denomination 
in  several  Northwestern  States  was  held  at  Chicago 
for  the  consideration  of  this  subject.  No  result  was 
reached,  further  than  to  make  it  clear  that  while  a 
conviction  of  the  need  referred  to  was  unanimous, 
there  were  decided,  and  possibly  irreconcilable  dif- 
ferences of  opinion  as  to  the  point  at  which  to  locate 
the  proposed  theological  seminary,  should  cne  be 
decided  upon. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  a  few  brethren  in  Chicago 
decided  to  take  the  responsibility  of  an  initiative ; 
influenced   by  the   persuasion  that  the  true  theo- 


received,  and  further  preliminary  steps  taken.  The 
organization,  however,  was  not  perfected  until  the 
meeting  held  Aug.  13,  1863.  A  constitution  was 
then  adopted  and  oflftcers  chosen  ;  lion.  Richard  S. 
Thomas  being  made  President,  Rev.  Luther  Stone, 
Secretary,  and  Edward  Goodman,  Esq.,  Treasurer. 
The  charter  of  incorporation  was  given,  by  act  of 
the  Illinois  Legislature,  Feb.  16,  186.5. 

As  appears  by  this  recital,  the  steps  of  progress 
were  slow.  Care  was  exercised  that  no  measure 
should  be  premature  ;  that  the  enterprise  should 
lest,  for  its  growth,  upon  an  increasing  conviction 
of  its  necessity  in  the  denomination  to  which  it 
must  look  for  the  means  of  success.  Strenuous 
effort  was  mode,  al.so,  at  this  time  in  behalf  of  the 


CHICAGO 


213 


CHICAGO 


university  endowment,  and  it  was  judi^ed  unwise 
to  brin;;  forward  another  claimant  to  tlie  liberality 
of  our  people  in  a  way  that  might  embarrass  both 
undertakings.  No  more,  accordingly,  was  at- 
teniptcd  than  simply  to  hold  the  enterprise  in  such 
a  state  of  forwardness  as  would  facilitate  more 
direct  and  energetic  effort  when  the  time  for  it 
should  come.  In  the  mean  time  theological  in- 
struction was  commenced,  under  a  temporary  ar- 
rangement, first  by  Dr.  Nathaniel  Colver,  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Doctrinal  Theology,  and  in  1S6G  by  Dr. 
Colver  and  Prof  J.  C.  C.  Clarke,  who  organized  at 
the  university  tboologioal  classes,  numbering  in  all 
about  a  dozen  students.  The  expenses  of  this  ser- 
vice were  met  chiefly  by  personal  friends  of  Dr. 
Colver  at  the  East,— AY.  AV.  Cook,  Esq.,  of  White- 
hall, N.  Y.,  and  Messrs.  Barnes  and  Davis,  of  Bur- 
lington, Vt. 

In  the  autumn  of  1866  a  fiiculty  was  organized 
by  the  election  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Northrup,  D.D., 
then  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  as  president,  and 
Professor  of  Christian  Theology,  and  of  Rev.  J.  B. 
Jackson,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Albion, 
N.  Y.,  as  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History.  Dr. 
Colver  became  president  of  the  Freednien's  Insti- 
tute at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  Prof.  Clarke  entered 
the  pastorate.  More  direct  effort  was  now  made 
for  the  raising  of  funds.  Generous  friends  in 
Chicago  and  elsewhere  came  forward  with  dona- 
tions in  sums  ranging  from  §1001)  to  SoOOO,  and  the 
enterprise  was  vigorously  pressed.  In  September, 
1H67,  Rev.  G.  W.  Warren,  A.M.,  of  Boston,  was 
elected  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Exegesis,  and  on 
October  2  of  that  year  the  work  of  instruction 
under  the  new  organization  began.  In  the  j-ear 
1867-08,  20  students  were  in  attendance,  2  in  the 
middle  class,  IS  in  the  Junior.  Rev.  G.  S.  Bailey, 
D.D.,  at  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  new 
faculty,  was  chosen  corresponding  and  financial 
secretary,  and,  aided  by  Rev.  Thos.  Allen  and  Rev. 
Wni.  M.  Haigh,  prosecuted  with  energy  and  success 
the  work  of  raising  funds.  In  1868,  lots  of  land 
having  been  secured  near  the  university,  the  erection 
of  a  building  was  commenced,  and  the  edifice  was 
completed  and  dedicated  .July  1. 1869.  Itwasbuiltof 
brick,  214  feet  in  length,  48  feet  wide,  and  4  stories 
high.  The  cost  was  S60,000.  Of  this  sum  S30,00U 
remained  as  a  debt,  in  bonds  secured  upon  the 
property.  The  number  of  students  had  now  in- 
creased to  2"),  three  of  whom  graduateil  that  year. 
The  assets  of  the  seminary  at  this  point  in  its  his- 
tory were  reported  at  .'?144.OO0 :  its  liabilities,  in- 
cluding bonds  and  indebtedness  for  the  ground  on 
which  thebnildings  stood,  and  otherwise,  atS.")4,266. 
Of  these  assets.  S80,()00  were  in  buildings  and 
grounds,  SI  l,2o0  in  other  real  estate,  and  the  re- 
mainder in  notes  and  subscriptions. 


At  the  date  last  given,  July  1,  1869,  the  connection 
of  Prof.  Warren  with  the  seminary  was  terminated, 
and  Prof.  A.  N.  Arnold,  D.D.,  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  was  made  Professor 
of  Biblical  Literature  and  Exegesis,  and  Rev.  Wm. 
Hague,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ilomiletics  and  Pastoral 
Duties.  For  the  year  1869-70  the  number  of  stu- 
dents had  increased  to  40.  In  this  year,  also,  the 
library  of  Dr.  Ilengstenberg,  of  Berlin,  Prussia, 
consisting  of  13,000  volumes,  was  purchased 
through  the  liberality  of  friends  of  the  seminary 
and  university.  It  is  a  remarkably  rich  collection, 
especially  in  patristic  and  medueval  literature,  and 
in  works  by  foreign  authors  of  later  date.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1870,  Prof.  Jackson  resigned,  and  soon 
after,  Dr.  Hague,  being  obliged  by  his  wife's  state 
of  health  to  return  East,  also  resigned.  Prof.  E.  C. 
Mitchell,  D.D.,  of  Shurtleff  College,  was  elected 
Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Literature, 
and  R.  E.  Pattlson.  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  In- 
terpretation and  History  of  Doctrines. 

The  Scandinavian  department  in  the  seminary 
was  organized  in  1873  under  the  instruction  of 
Prof.  J.  A.  Edgren.  It  has  from  year  to  year  more 
and  more  proved  itself  an  important  feature  of  the 
institution.  As  the  onl}'  department  of  the  kind 
in  this  country,  and  as  providing  an  educated  min- 
istry for  a  large  and  increasing  Scandinavian  pop- 
ulation in  the  Northwestern  States,  it  is  entitled  to 
special  consideration. 

In  1874.  Rev.  T.  J.  Morgan,  president  of  the 
State  Normal  School  of  Nebraska,  was  elected 
Professor  of  Ilomiletics,  continuing  in  that  chair 
until  1879,  when  he  was  transferred  to  that  of 
Church  History.  In  the  same  year,  1874,  W.  W. 
Everts,  Jr.,  was  elected  Assistant  Professor  of 
Church  History,  but  left  at  the  end  of  the  year  to 
enter  the  pastorate.  Dr.  Pattison's  connection 
with  the  fiiculty  terminated  at  his  death,  Nov.  21, 
1874.  In  1875,  Dr.  Bailey  resigned  his  secretary- 
ship, and  in  1876,  Rev.  T.  W.  Goodspeed  was 
chosen  to  the  same  office,  which  he  still  holds.  In 
1877,  Prof  J.  R.  Boise,  Ph.D.,  LL.D..  of  the  uni- 
versity, was  elected  to  fill  the  place  of  Dr.  Arnold, 
who  had  been  compelled  by  failure  of  health  to 
resign. 

Dr.  Mitchell  also  retired  from  the  service  of  the 
seminary,  his  place  in  the  chair  of  Hebrew  being 
filled  for  one  year  by  Prof.  B.  Maimon.  Prof.  W. 
R.  Harper  was  then  clio.«en  to  the  chair,  which  he 
now  occupies. 

The  faculty  now  stands  :  G.  W.  Northrup.  I».D., 
President  and  Professor  of  Systematic  Theology  ; 
J.  R.  Boise,  Ph.D..  D.D..  LL.D..  Professor  of  New 
Testament  Exegesis  and  Literature  ;  T.  J.  Morgan, 
D.D.,  Professor  of  Church  History:  W.  R.  Harper, 
Ph.D..  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament 
Literature;  J.  A.  Edgren,   D.D.,   Professor  in   the 


CHICAGO 


214 


CHICAGO 


Scandinavian  department;  Galusha  Anderson, 
D.D.,  .Speciiil  Lecturer  on  Honiiletics  and  Pastoral 
Duties;  J.  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  Special  Lecturer  on 
Modern  Cliureli  History.  Orii;in  of  Religions,  and 
Philosophy. 

The  removal  of  the  seminary  to  Morgan  Park  in 
1877  was  a  measure  of  great  importance.  It  secures  I 
by  this  means  a  valuable  site  and  buildin;;,  with 
other  real  estate  adjoining,  mostly  Ijy  donation,  and 
at  the  same  time  it  is  suflSciently  near  the  city  to 
answer  all  the  most  needful  ends  of  a  city  location. 
It  graduated  20  in  the  class  of  1880,  raising  its  whole 
nuralier  of  graduates  during  the  history  of  the 
seminary  to  338. 

Chicago,  University  of. — About  the  year  1856 
it  was  ascertained  that  Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas 
had  made  proposals  to  donate  the  site  for  a  univer- 
sity upon  laixls  owned  by  him  in  Cottage  Grove,  a 
little  south  of  what  was  then  the  soutliern  limit  of 
the  city.  Learning  this  fact,  and  having  reason  to 
believe  that  Mr.  Douglas  would  prefer  that  the  pro- 
posed university  should  be  founded  under  denomi- 
national auspices,  as  also  that  out  of  regard  for  the 
memory  of  his  deceased  wife,  who  was  a  Baptist, 
his  choice  among  the  denominations  would  be  that 
to  which  she  had  belonged,  Kev.  J.  C.  Burroughs, 
at  that  time  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
decided  to  visit  Mr.  Douglas  and  secure  the  pro- 
posed site  for  a  univei-sity  to  be  under  Baptist  con- 
trol, lie  found  the  views  of  Mr.  Douglas  to  be  as 
had  been  represented.  After  a  full  consultation 
upon  the  subject,  with  especial  reference  to  the 
character  tliat  should  be  given  to  the  university, 
and  the  relations  to  it  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
the  desired  arrangement  was  effected.  Mr.  Douglas 
gave  to  Mr.  Burroughs,  in  trust  for  the  purpose 
named,  a  deed  of  gift  of  ten  acres  of  land  in  Cot- 
tage Grove,  located  near  the  lake,  and  fronting 
upon  Cottage  Grove  Avenue.  The  terms  of  the 
deed  provided  th.at  upon  this  ground  a  building  to 
cost  not  less  than  $100,000  should  be  erected  within 
a  specified  time,  upon  the  completion  of  which  a 
deed  of  the  property  should  be  given  to  the  board 
of  trustees,  for  the  creation  of  which  provision 
was  made  in  the  deed  of  gift;  that  the  property  as 
so  deeded  should  be  forever  secured  to  the  Baptist 
denomination  for  the  uses  of  a  university,  and  not 
to  be  alienated  for  any  purpose  whatever ;  that 
while  denominational  in  the  sense  of  being  under 
the  general  care  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  the 
university  should  be  for  purposes  of  general  educa- 
tion only,  while,  save  that  the  president  and  a 
majority  of  the  trustees  must  always  be  Baptists, 
its  board  and  faculty  should  be  open  to  representa- 
tion on  the  part  of  all  denominations,  as  well  as  to 
those  of  none  ;  and  that  no  sectarian  tests  of  any 
kind  should  ever  be  introduced. 

The  deed  of  gift  thus  conditioned  was  accepted 


by  Mr.  Burroughs,  who  immediately  proceeded  to 
secure  the  necessary  organization  and  charter. 
This  was  speedily  effected,  and  the  university  regu- 
larly incorporated  by  act  of  the  Legislature  under 
the  name  of  the  L^niversity  of  Chicago.  Mr. 
Douglas  was  himself  the  first  president  of  the 
board.  Resigning  his  pastorate,  Mr.  Burroughs 
now  applied  himself  to  the  work  of  r.iising  neces- 
sary funds.  Calling  to  his  aid  Rev.  J.  B.  Olcott, 
an  experienced  agent,  he,  with  his  aid,  prosecuted 
the  effort  with  so  much  energy  that  by  Oct.  1,  I8.o6, 
he  could  report  tluit  the  sum  of  SIOO.OOO  had  been 
secured  in  the  city  of  Chicago  alone  in  subscriptions 
and  pledges,  while  in  the  country  the  enterprise 
was  viewed  with  similar  favor.  When,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1858,  the  grammar  school  of  the  university 
was  opened  and  the  work  of  instruction  begun,  the 
pledges  had  amounted  to  above  $200,000  in  city 
and  country.  In  the  mean  time,  steps  had  been 
taken  for  the  erection  of  a  building  suited  to  the 
present  needs  of  the  university.  As  it  was  found 
impracticable  while  providing  for  other  needs  of 
the  enterprise  to  expend  so  large  a  sum  as  $100,000 
upon  the  building  at  once,  Mr.  Douglas  consented 
to  waive  this  condition  in  his  grant  of  the  site,  and 
gave  to  the  trustees  a  deed  to  the  property.  The 
corner-stone  of  the  building,  which  in  the  general 
plan  of  the  edifice  is  in  the  south  wing,  was  laid 
July  4,  1857,  addresses  on  the  occasion  being  made 
by  Mr.  Douglas,  Hon.  I.  N.  Arnold,  Rev.  Robert 
Boyd,  Rev.  A.  J.  Joslyn,  Rev.  W.  G.  Howard,  D.D., 
and  others.  The  grammar  school,  pending  the 
completion  of  this  building,  occupied  a  room  in  St. 
Paul's  Universalist  church,  on  Wabash  Avenue. 
The  principal  was  Prof.  L.  R.  Satterlee,  of  Roches- 
ter, who  was  also  Professor  of  the  English  Lan- 
guage and  Literature.  Prof  A.  II.  Mixer,  also  of 
Rochester,  was  Professor  of  Modern  Languages. 
For  the  time,  however,  these  gentlemen  gave  in- 
struction in  all  the  studies  of  a  college  preparatory 
course. 

From  the  beginning  it  was  the  wish  of  the  trus- 
tees that  Mr.  Burroughs  should  be  the  president 
of  the  new  university.  His  own  preference  was 
that  the  oflice  should  be  given  to  some  one  with  a 
reputation  already  national  as  an  educator.  He 
endeavore<l  to  secure,  with  this  view,  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland  and  others,  but  failing  in  this  effort,  he 
finally  .accepted  the  presidency,  which  the  board 
meantime  had  not  ceased  to  urge  upon  him.  He 
held  the  office  for  some  fifteen  years,  from  1858  to 
1873.  They  were  years  of  vicissitude,  not  only  in 
the  affairs  of  the  university  but  in  those  of  the  city 
and  the  whole  country.  In  about  two  years  after 
the  opening  of  the  university  came  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion.  Following  upon  this  were  financial  re- 
verses, the  disasters  of  two  great  fires  in  the  city, 
with  other  similar  causes  seriously  affecting  all  in- 


CHICAGO 


210 


CHILD 


choate  enterprises,  in  tlie  West  especially.  The 
university  was  a  suft'erer  to  such  an  extent  that 
only  a  small  percentage  of  the  lar<:e  subscription 
noticed  aljove,  with  others  additional  procured 
later,  could  be  collected.  Meantime,  as  the  uni- 
versity wrew  expenses  enlarged  ;  additions  to  the 
building,  making  it  what  it  now  is,  became  neces- 
sary ;  an  increased  faculty  was  indispensable.  The 
result  was  luans  and  arrearages  eventuating  in  a 
cumbersome  and  threatening  debt.  The  oversight 
of  finances  in  these  circumstances  seemed  in  Dr. 
Burroughs's  view  to  fall  to  himself  as  a  duty,  while 
the  association  of  such  growing  complications  with 
the  usual  cares  and  labors  of  a  college  presidency, 
made  his  task  one  of  extreme  difficult}'.  lie  had 
associated  with  him,  however,  able  men  and  enthu- 
siastic teachers :  in  the  Greek  department,  first 
Prof.  A.  II.  Mixer,  afterwards  Prof.  J.  11.  Boise : 


was  thought  best  to  make  some  changes  in  the 
administration  of  the  university.  With  this  view 
an  act  of  the  Legislature  was  procured  empowering 
the  board  to  create  the  office  of  chancellor.  Dr. 
Burroughs,  resigning  the  presidency,  was  elected  to 
this  office,  and  Rev.  Lemuel  Moss,  D.D.,  to  that  of 
president.  This  arrangement,  however,  continued 
only  for  one  j'ear,  Dr.  Moss  then  Ijecoming  presi- 
dent of  the  Indiana  State  University.  After  the 
interval  of  a  year,  Hon.  Alonzo  Abernethy,  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction  in  the  State  of 
Iowa,  and  who  had  been  educated  at  the  university, 
wis  chosen  president.  After  some  two  years 
President  Abernethy  resigned,  and  Dr.  Galusha 
Anderson  was  elected  to  the  office,  which  he  still 
holds. 

The  faculty  of  the  university  at  present  is  Dr. 
Galusha  Anderson,  President ;  Edward  Olson,  Pro- 


in  Latin,  Prof.  J.  W.  .Stearns,  subsequently  Prof. 
3.  C.  Freeman  ;  in  Mathematics,  Prof.- A.  J.  Saw- 
yer, till  succeeded  by  Prof.  A.J.  Howe;  in  As- 
tronomy, Prof.  Safford ;  in  Natural  Sciences,  Prof. 
McChesney,  and  subsequently  Profs.  Dexter  and 
Wheeler.  The  university  under  his  administration 
and  the  instruction  of  this  faculty,  achieved  a 
highly  creditable  liter.ary  reputation,  and  even 
when  most  oppressed  with  financial  embarrassment 
ranked  in  the  real  value  of  its  work  with  the  best 
colleges.  In  this  connection  should  be  mentioned 
the  highly  important  service  rendered  to  the  uni- 
versity by  Dr.  A7.  AV.  Everts,  especially  in  pro- 
curing, jointly  with  Prof.  Mixer,  the  endowment 
of  the  Greek  chair,  amounting  to  nearly  S2.j,000 ; 
which,  however,  we  are  sorry  to  say,  was  in  the  | 
subsequent  difficulties  of  the  university  absorbed. 

The  liiuits  necessarily  assigned  to  this  sketch 
compel  the  omission  of  many  details.     In  1S7.3  it 


fessor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature ; 
D.  A.  Stuart,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature  ;  J.  H.  Sanford,  Professor  of  Rhetoric 
and  Belles-Lettres ;  A.  J.  Howe,  Professor  of 
Mathematics ;  E.  S.  Bastin,  Professor  of  Botany ; 
Ransom  Dexter,  Professor  of  Zoology,  Physiology, 
and  Anatomy  ;  C.  Gilbert  Wheeler,  Professor  of 
Chemistry. 

Child,  "William  Chauncy,  D.D„  was  born  in 
Johnstown,  X.  X..  in  August,  1S17,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Union  College  in  the  class  of  1840,  and 
of  the  Xewton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class 
of  1844.  He  was  ordained  at  Charlestown,  Mass., 
Oct.  .30,  1S44,  and  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  that  city  six  years. — 1844-50, — and  sub- 
I  sequently  pastor  of  the  church  in  Framingham, 
Mass.,eightyears, — 1851-59.  In  1861  hewaschosen 
district  secretary  of  the  American  Tract  Society, 
of  Boston,  which  position  he  held  for  eight  years, — 


CHILTON 


216 


CHINA 


1861-69.  Soon  after  retiring  from  this  office  he  was 
elected  district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society,  and  was  in  office  until  1873. 
He  occupied  during  the  latter  years  of  liis  life  a 
responsible  position  on  the  editorial  staff  of  The 
Watchman  and  lieflettor.  He  died  suddenly  at 
Boston.  .Tan.  14.  I'ST'i. 

Chilton,  Hon.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Garrard 
Co.,  Ky.,  .July  30,  1798;  educated  at  Paris,  Ky.  ; 
studied  and  practiced  law  at  Owingsville,  Bath 
County  ;  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in 
1819,  and  served  several  sessions;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  Kentucky  during  the 
Presidency  of  Gen.  Jackson  four  terms  ;  removed 
to  Alabama,  where  he  practiced  law  with  signal 
success.  lie  was  converted,  and  commenced  preach- 
ing before  he  left  Kentucky  ;  was  pastor  of  Hop- 
kinsville  church.  In  1841  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Alabama  Baptist  State  Convention, 
and  shortly  afterwards  abandoned  the  practice  of 
law ;  became  general  agent  of  the  Alabama  Con- 
vention, and  then  succeeded  Dr.  W.  Carey  Crane  as 
pastor  of  Montgomery  church  in  1842;  was  pastor 
also  of  Greenborough  and  Xewbern  churches.  Re- 
moved to  Texas,  served  the  Houston  church  as 
pastor,  and  died  Aug.  1.5,  1854,  at  Montgomery, 
Texas. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  reasoning  powers,  fine 
delivery,  and  commanding  influence.  He  was  no 
ordinary  thinker.  His  descendants  hold  prominent 
plai-es  in  Texas  society. 

Chilton,  Rev.  Thomas  John,  a  pioneer  preacher 
aiuung  tlu;  Separate  Baptists  of  Kentucky,  was 
born  about  the  year  1709,  most  probablj'  in  Vir- 
ginia, lie  was  taken  to  Kentucky  in  his  childhood. 
At  the  age  of  about  twenty  years  he  professed  con- 
version, and  united  with  a  Separate  Baptist  church 
in  Lincoln  County,  and  soon  afterwards  was  set 
apart  to  the  ministry.  In  1801  he  wrote  the  "  Terms 
of  General  Union,"  upon  which  all  the  Baptists  of 
Kentucky  were  united  under  the  name  of  United 
Baptists.  In  1803  he  ailhered  to  a  faction  drawn 
off  from  the  General  Union  by  John  Bailey.  Of 
this  faction,  which  assumed  the  name  of  South 
Kentucky  Association  of  Separate  Bapti.sts,  Mr. 
Chilton  was  the  principal  leader  until  No-Lynn 
Associ<ati()n  was  formeil.  when  he  moved  from  Lin- 
coln to  Hardin  County,  in  1822.  and  became  the 
principal  preacher  in  that  body  of  Separate  Bap- 
tists. In  1835  he  published  a  small  volume  in  vin- 
dication of  his  Association  ami  its  peculiar  tenets. 
Soon  after  this  he  moved  to  Christian  County,  and 
joined  the  United  Baptists.  He  died  an  able  and 
honored  minister  of  Christ  in  1840. 

Chilton,  Hon.  William  P.,  was  bom  in  Ken- 
tucky. In  1834.  when  quite  a  young  man,  he  emi- 
grated to  Talladega,  Ala.,  prior  to  the  removal  of 
the  Creek  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  be- 


gan the  practice  of  law.  At  that  time,  among  a 
frontier  population,  in  a  nascent  condition,  strong 
will,  wise  intellect,  and  steady  principles  were  re- 
quired for  leadership.  Chilton  had  the  needed 
qualifications,' — tall  and  commanding  in  person, 
graceful  and  courteous  in  manners,  fluent  in  speech, 
unswerving  in  integrity,  he  exerted  an  educatory 
influence  on  a  population  heterogeneous  in  character 
and  origin,  eager  in  the  pursuit  of  wealth,  and  un- 
embarrassed by  the  restraints  of  a  stable  civiliza- 
tion. A  county  distinguished  since  for  intelligence, 
patriotism,  ami  a  large  number  of  able  men  con- 
tributed to  the  bar  and  to  politics,  owes  much  to 
what  Chilton  did  in  that  formative  period. 

An  active  politician  and  an  effective  popular 
speaker,  he  was.  in  1839,  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  took  rank  at  once  as  an  able  debater,  discreet 
in  counsel,  and  never  negligent  of  the  details  of 
business.  In  1S59  he  was  elected  to  the  senate 
from  Macon  County,  and  his  rare  abilities  and  ripe 
experience  made  him  a  most  valuable  legislator. 
During  the  brief  life  of  the  Confederate  States  he 
was  a  memlier  of  the  Congress,  serving  on  impor- 
tant committees,  and  enjoying  the  confidence  and 
affection  of  his  fellow-members. 

In  1848  he  was  elected  to  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  served  as  justice,  or  chief  justice,  for  ten  years, 
showing  untiring  industry,  hatred  of  wrong,  and 
marked  love  for  the  true  and  the  right. 

On  -Jan.  20,  1S71,  be  died.  Unusual  honors  were 
paid  to  his  memory  by  the  governor,  the  Legislature, 
the  bar,  and  the  Masonic  fraternity,  of  which  he 
was  grand  master. and  high-priest. 

Judge  Chilton  was  converted  and  baptized  at  an 
early  age.  and  as  a  successful  lawyer,  bold  politi- 
cian, and  an  honored  judge  kept  his  garments  un- 
spotted :  generous  to  a  fault,  be  was  also  a  con- 
sistent church  member,  a  faithful  deacon,  a  diligent 
student  of  the  Bible,  and  a  help  to  his  various 
pastors. 

China,  Mission  to. — In  the  report  of  the  board 
of  tlie  Triennial  Convention  for  the  year  ending 
April.  1834,  we  find  the  following:  "  In  regard  to 
China,  the  board  are  deeply  ilesirous  to  fix  upon 
the  best  method  of  reaching  and  benefitting  its  vast 
population,  and  they  have  accordingly  instructed 
Mr.  Jones  to  make  the  requisite  investigations  and 
communicate  his  views  without  delay.  It  is  con- 
fidently believed  that  the  time  is  come  when  God 
will  bless  with  success  a  judicious,  persevering  at- 
tempt to  give  to  the  crowded  millions  of  that  great 
empire  the  glorious  gospel.''  A<;ting  on  these  in- 
structions, Mr.  Jones  on  i-eaching Bangkok,  in  Siam, 
sought  out  such  Chinese  as  he  could  find  in  that  city, 
and  preached  to  them  the  gospel.  The  next  step  in 
this  movement  to  reach  the  Chinese  was  the  appoint- 
ment of  Rev.  W.  Dean,  who  has  now  become  a 
veteran  in  the  service,  as  the  first  special  mission- 


CHINA 


217 


CHINESE  MISSIONS 


ary  in  Bangkok  to  do  what  he  could  for  the  evan- 
fjelization  of  the  niiiltitiides  of  the  Cliinese  who 
had  taken  up  their  ahode  in  that  city.  Macao, 
which  Rev.  J.  L.  81uick  oocupied  in  LSoCi,  was  the 
second  point  selected  for  the  missionary  purposes 
which  were  contemplated.  Following  the  chrono- 
logical order  of  the  establishment  of  the  missions 
among  the  Cliinese  we  speak: 

1.  Of  tlic  mission  among  the  Chinese  residing 
either  temporarily  or  permanently  in  Siam,  par- 
ticuhirly  in  Bangkok.  For  eight  years  Messrs. 
Dean  and  Shuck  remained  at  their  respective  sta- 
tions. Mr.  Dean  labored  in  Bangkok,  with  special 
reference  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  tlie  Chinese, 
lie  preaclied  to  them,  and  prepai'ed  religious  read- 
ing for  them,  performing  tliat  sort  of  preparatory 
work  whicli  must  be  done  at  the  commencement  of 
a  new  mission.  Mr.  Goddard  joined  Mr.  Dean  at 
the  close  of  1840.  In  1842,  by  the  treaty  between 
China  and  England,  Ilong-Kong  wa.s  ceded  to  Eng- 
land, and  Mr.  Dean  repaired  to  this  island,  and,  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Shuck,  established  a  station 
in  the  principal  city  of  IIong-Kong,  Victoria  Ijy 
name.  Up  to  this  time,  tlie  wliole  number  of  Clii- 
nese baptized  in  Bangkok  had  been  18.  The  de- 
parture of  Mr.  Dean  did  not  suspend  all  efforts  for 
the  spiritual  good  of  those  for  whom  lie  had  labored 
for  so  many  years.  In  184i"i,  more  than  40,000 
pages  of  religious  reading  were  printed  for  their 
use.  In  1850,  Dr.  Jones  was  chosen  pastor  of  the 
Chinese  church,  which  numbered  3.5.  Not  much 
visible  progress  was  made  for  several  years.  In 
1800,  we  find  that  20  Chinese  were  baptized.  In 
1861,  the  Siamese  and  China  departments,  which  for 
some  time  had  been  united,  were  separated,  and  in 
186.")  Dr.  Dean  returned  to  his  former  field  of  lal)or, 
and  a  new  impulse  was  given  to  the  work.  During 
the  year  1867.  40  persons  were  baptized  in  Bang- 
kok and  the  outlying  stations.  Under  the  adminis- 
tration of  Dr.  Dean,  the  history  of  the  Bangkok 
Chinese  mission  has  been  one  of  continued  success. 
The  last  report  gives  us  6  churches  with  425  mem- 
bers. 

2.  The  mission  in  Eastern  China.  Dr.  D.  J. 
Macgowan,  in  the  autumn  of  1843,  went  to  Ningpo, 
one  of  the  five  ports  opened  to  the  English,  and 
established  a  mission  hospital,  which  was  in  opera- 
tion for  three  months,  and  reopened  the  next  spring. 
Rev.  E.  C.  Lord  arrived  in  Xingpo,  June  20,  1847, 
to  engage  in  special  missionary  work  among  the 
Chinese.  Dr.  Macgowan  acted  as  his  interpreter 
while  preaching  until  he  was  able  to  use  the  lan- 
guage himself.  Mr.  Goddard  joined  Mr.  Lord  in 
1N48.  For  several  years  affairs  at  Ningpo  went  on 
with  a  good  degree  of  prosperity.  A  convenient 
chapel  was  opened  for  religious  worship  Sept.  20, 
1852.  The  work  of  preaching,  translation,  printing, 
and  teaching  was  carried  on  hopefully,  and  much 


good  seed  was  sown.  Rev.  M.  J.  Knowlton  reached 
Xingpo  early  in  June,  1854.  How  well  and  how 
faithfully  he  did  his  work  may  be  seen  in  the  sketch 
of  his  life.  The  memory  of  Mr.  Goddard  in  connec- 
tion with  this  mission  is  most  precious.  Ills  service 
of  fifteen  years  is  recorded  on  high.  The  mantle  of 
the  father  fell  on  his  son.  Rev.  Josiah  R.  Goddard, 
who  joined  the  mission  in  June,  1868.  The  most 
recent  intelligence  we  have  from  this  station  is  that 
there  are  in  Ningpo  and  its  out-stations,  7  churches 
with  263  members,  and  that  the  work  in  every  de- 
partment has  been  pushed  with  vigor  and  success. 

3.  The  Southern  Chinese  Mission.  The  head- 
quarters of  this  mission  is  Swatow.  about  1.50  miles 
cast  of  Hong-Kong.  The  mission  was  established  in 
1^60.  and  was  designed  to  reach  in  its  operations 
the  Chinese  who  spoke  the  Tie-Chin  dialect.  These 
people  inhabit  the  most  densely-populated  region 
in  China.  It  embraces  nine  walled  cities,  and 
towns  and  villages  in  such  close  contiguity  that 
one  or  more  is  ever  in  sight.  It  is  said  that  there 
are  more  people  in  this  district  than  the  entire  pop- 
ulation of  Bnrnmh,  including  the  Karens  and  otlier 
subjugated  tribes.  The  field  of  labor  in  many  re- 
spects was  most  discouraging,  owing  to  the  exceed- 
ingly debased  character  of  the  people,  "  but,"  says 
the  report  which  speaks  of  the  opening  of  the  mis- 
sion, "out  of  the  materials  here  now  so  uiiproniis- 
ing,  to  hunum  view  so  hopeless,  can  grace  raise  up 
and  fit  polished  stones  for  the  spiritual  temple." 
The  mission  at  Hong-Kong  was  given  up  and  the 
missionaries  transferred  to  Swatow.  Rev.  Mr. 
Sawtelle  joined  the  mission  in  1861.  Ilis  health 
failing  he  was  forced  to  retire  from  the  field  in  a 
few  months,  and  Mr.  -lohnsi-n  was  left  in  charge 
of  the  station  for  some  time,  until  Rev.  W.  Asli- 
more  joined  him  in  the  autumn  of  1863.  During 
the  year  from  Oct.  1,  1864,  to  Oct.  1,  1805.  24  were 
received  into  the  church  by  baptism.  Year  after 
year  new  out-stations  were  established  in  tlie  neigh- 
borhood of  .Swatow,  which,  from  time  to  time,  have 
been  reinforced  by  the  addition  of  workers,  both 
male  and  female,  to  tlie  laborers  in  a  field  from 
which  so  much  good  fruit  has  been  gathered.  In  the 
last  report  from  the  Southern  Chinese  mission  we 
find  that  with  Swatow  as  the  principal  station  tliere 
are  17  out-stations,  109  were  baptized  during  the 
year,  and  the  number  of  church  members  is  087. 
(See  articli' on  Soi  tiikiin   Baptist  Convention.) 

Chinese  Missions  in  America, — The  discovery 
of  gcdd  in  California  in  1840.  attracted  large  num- 
bers of  men  from  China.  In  1856  there  were  many 
thousands.  They  continued  in  the  worship  of 
idols,  their  temples  standing  near  to  Christian 
sanctuaries.  Baptists  became  interested  in  their 
salvation.  In  1856,  the  first  Chinese  church  edifice 
in  America  was  built  for  the  Chinese  Baptist  church 
in  Sacramento,  Cal.,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev. 


CHIPMAN 


218 


CHOWAN  FEMALE  INSTITUTE 


•J.  Lewis  Sliuck.  It  was  a  handsome  and  com- 
modious building,  and  was  one  of  tlie  attractions 
of  that  city  for  many  years,  and  was  given  a  place 
in  an  early  volume  of  illustrations  of  Sacramento. 
The  church  flourished  while  Mr.  Sluick  remained 
in  California.  A  mission  was  opened  in  San  Fran- 
cisco about  the  year  1869  under  the  supervision  of 
Uev.  John  Francis,  who  was  associated  with  Rev. 
Z.  L.  Simmons,  Rev.  Mr.  Graves,  and  finally  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  Dr.  J.  B.  Ilartwell.  Several  eon- 
verts  were  baptized  and  became  members  of  tlie 
First  church,  San  Francisco.  Otiier  churches  held 
mission  schools,  and  were  rewarded  by  the  conver- 
sion and  baptism  of  numbers.  About  50  have  be- 
come consistent  Cliristians.  The  first  Chinese  cyn- 
vort  baptized  by  Dr.  Francis  in  1865  was  Fong 
Gong.  He  became  the  successful  Baptist  minister 
at  the  head  of  a  Chinese  mission  in  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, which  was  begun  about  the  year  1874.  Tlie 
first  Chinaman  to  receive  Christian  burial  in  Amer- 
ica was  Fang  Saung  Nam.  He  died  as  a  missionary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
in  San  Francisco.  A  marble  slab  in  the  Masonic 
Cemetery  records  the  fact,  '■  Here  rests  the  first 
Christian  Chinaman  buried  in  America." 

Chipman,  Prof.  Isaac,  was  born  in  Cornwallis, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville 
College,  now  Colby  University,  in  the  class  of  18.39. 
He  was  an  enthusiastic  student,  and  maintained  a 
liigh  rank  as  a  sclmlar.  In  January,  1840,  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Acadia  College.  In  his  "Centenary 
of  the  Baptists  of  Nova  Scotia,"  1860,  Dr.  Cramp 
says,  "Among  the  men  of  our  time  Prof.  Chipman 
holds  the  first  place."  On  the  7th  of  June,  l.S.O-i, 
in  company  with  some  friends,  ho  was  returning  in 
a  boat  from  Cape  Bloiiiidon,  when  a  gale  overtook 
them,  the  boat  was  swamped,  and  all  on  board  were 
drowned,  except  one  boatman.  His  untimely  death 
produced  a  great  shock  in  the  community.  Dr. 
Cramp  alludes  to  it  as  •'  the  greatest  calamity  that 
ever  befell  Nova  Scutla  Baptists." 

Chipman,  Rev.  Thomas  Handley,  one  of  the 

founders  and  fathers  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1756.  His  first 
religious  impressions  were  received  under  the  min- 
istry of  the  celel)rated  Henry  Alline  ;  w.as  baptized 
at  Horton,  1779,  by  Rev.  Nicholas  Pier.son.  and  soon 
commenced  preaching;  was  ordained  in  1782.  The 
churches  to  which  he  ministered  were  mixed, — 
composed  of  Baptists  and  Pedobaptists.  Mr.  Chi|v 
man,  however,  subsequently  became  clear  and  fi.xed 
in  his  views  of  the  church  of  Christ  and  its  ordi- 
nances, and  his  ministry  proved  a  great  blessing  in 
Annapolis,  Yarmouth,  and  Queen's  Counties.  He 
took  part  in  forming  the  Baptist  Association,  .June 
2.'3,  ISOO.  In  1809,  Mr.  Chipman  removed  from 
Bridgetown  to  Nictaux,  and  became  pastor  of  the 


Baptist  church  formed  there,  June  10,  1810,  and 
continued  his  labors  with  inucli  usefulness  till  liis 
death,  Oct.  11,  1830.  Many  of  the  early  churches 
in  Nova  Scotia  were  open  in  their  communion,  but 
they  gave  up  the  practice  as  inexpedient  and  un- 
scriptural. 

Chipman,  Rev,  William,  was  bom  in  Corn- 
wallis, Nova  Scotia,  Nov.  29,  1781.  He  was  con- 
verted and  ba|)tizcd  when  a  youth,  and  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Cornwallis  Baptist  church  in 
1829.  He  died  July  14,  1865.  Mr.  Chipman  was 
clerk  of  the  Baptist  Association  from  1838  to  1850. 
He  was  also  secretary  of  the  Educational  Society. 
He  was  remarkable  for  his  sound  theological  views, 
and  for  his  piety  and  fidelity  in  the  performance  of 
his  duty. 

Chipman,  Hon.  William  Allen,  treasurer  of 
the  Nova  Scotia  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Board, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  1756  ;  was  a  merchant,  large  land- 
owner, and  justice  of  the  peace  in  Cornwallis,  Nova 
Scotia;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Assembly 
for  over  twenty  years,  from  1799.     Died  1845. 

Chisholm,  Henry,  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
and  successful  business  men  of  Cleveland,  O.,  is 
of  Scotch  origin,  having  been  born  in  Lochgelly, 
Fifoshire,  April  27,  1822.  When  he  was  ten  years 
old  his  father  died.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was 
apprenticed  to  a  carpenter,  and  served  five  years  in 
learning  the  trade,  after  which  he  went  as  a  jour- 
neyman to  Glasgow. 

In  1842,  Mr.  Chisholm  came  to  America,  settling 
in  Montreal,  Canada.  He  soon  began  to  under- 
take work  on  his  own  account,  and  in  18.50,  in 
partnership  Avith  a  friend,  took  a  contract  for 
building  at  Cleveland,  O.,  a  breakwater  for  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburgh  Railroad,  a  task  which 
was  successfully  accomplished  in  three  years.  This 
was  succeeded  by  other  contracts,  which  emplnyed 
his  time  and  energies  until  he  turned  liis  at- 
tention to  the  iron  bisiness.  For  several  years 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Cleveland  Rolling 
Mill,  which  has  large  and  important  branches  in 
Indiana  and  Illinois,  a  company  which  it  is  said 
supports  more  people  than  there  were  in  the  entire 
city  of  Cleveland,  when,  as  an  unknown  stranger, 
he  came  to  it  years  ago. 

Mr.  Chisholm  is  a  valued  member  of  the  Euclid 
Avenue  Baptist  churcli  of  Cleveland,  and  is  in  full 
sympathy  with  the  educational  and  religious  enter- 
prises of  the  day.  As  a  Christian  business  man 
he  stands  in  the  very  front  rank. 

Chowan  Female  Institute.— The  oldest  school 
for  girls  in  North  Carolina,  next  to  the  Moravian 
school  at  Salem,  is  the  Chowan  Institute,  at  Mur- 
freesborou!;h.  It  was  founded  in  1848,  by  the 
Chowan  Baptist  Association.  The  next  year  a 
contiguous  Association  in  Virginia,  the  Portsmouth, 
united  with  the  Chowan,  and  up  to  the  late  war 


CUOWAN  FEMALE  INSTITUTE 


219 


CHOWAN  FEMALE  INSTITUTE 


a  joint  board  of  trustees  from  the  two  bodies  man- 
aged the  affairs  of  the  seminary.  The  war,  which 
suspended  collections  and  destroyed  property  of  all 
kinds,  did  not  pay  debts  or  even  suspend  interest, 


and  for  ten  years  the  company  successfully  con- 
ducted the  school,  and  added  several  thousand  dol- 
lars" worth  of  improvements  to  the  establishment. 
Two  years  ago  the  stockholders  donate    the  prop- 


and  thus  it  luippericil  that  at  its  close  the  institute 
was  hopelessly  involved.  In  this  emergency  a 
joint-stock  company  was  formed,  the  institute  was 
bought  for  S3000,  its  debts,  to  the  amount  of 
$24,000,  were  assumed,  and  honorably  liquidated. 


ertv  to  tlio  dcnoininaiion  at  large,  and  it  is  new  one 
of  the  few  female  scliools  of  the  country  belonging 
exclusively  to  the  Baptists.  This  act  of  generosity 
was  so  remarkable  tliat  the  names  of  the  parties 
involved  are  regarded  as  worthy  to  be  preserved. 


CHOWLES 


■Z'H) 


CHOWN 


and  are  as  follows:  \X .  W.  Mitclioll,  ?4000 :  Mark 
Gregory,  SIOOO  :  John  Mitchell.  ?1000;  J.  W. 
Mitchell,  $500 ;  Mary  Mitchell.  S500 ;  Miss  N.  S. 
Askew,  $500  ;  A.  McDowell,  $500  ;  L.  D.  Spiers, 
$250;  and  J.  N.  IJarnes,  $250;  which  sum  of 
$8500,  bearing  interest  for  ten  years  at  eight  per 
cent.,  nnikes  a  donation  to  the  cause  of  education 
of  over  $15,000. 

A.  McDowell,  D.D.,  then  just  out  of  college,  was 
its  first  president.  In  1849,  Rev.  M.  11.  Ferry,  of 
New  York,  took  charge,  and  presided  over  the  in- 
stitute till  1854,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
AVni.  Hooper.  In  1855,  Dr.  JIcDowell  again  be- 
came connected  with  the  school  as  co-prineipal 
with  Dr.  Hooper,  and  since  Dr.  Hooper's  with- 
drawal, in  1862,  has  been  the  solo  principal  of  the 
institute.  Thousands  of  young  ladies  have  at- 
tended this  excellent  school,  and  it  is  earnestly 
to  bo  hoped  that  as  it  has  been  the  cherished 
school  of  the  Baptists  in  Eastern  North  Carolina 
for  so  many  years,  they  will  heartily  sustain  the 
movement,  recently  projected,  for  its  adequate  en- 
dowment. 

Chowles,  John  Overton,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Bristol,  England,  Feb.  5,  1801,  of  jiarents  who  were 
AVesleyans.  lie  was  deprived  of  their  tender  care 
when  ho  was  but  twelve  years  of  age,  and  camo 
under  the  guardianship  of  his  uncle,  Henry  Over- 
ton Wells,  Esq.,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Bristol. 
When  a  little  more  than  eighteen  years  of  age  ho 
beeame  a  subject  of  renewing  grace,  and  was  bap- 
tized l)y  Rev.  Dr.  Ryland,  and  received  into  the 
Broadinead  Baptist  church.  In  order  to  carry  on 
his  education  he  was  placed  with  Rev.  AVilliam 
Anderson,  under  whose  instructions  he  made  rapid 
progress.  In  1822,  he  entered  Bristol  College, 
under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Ryland,  to  pursue  his  the- 
ological studies.  lie  came  to  Xew  York  in  1824, 
and  for  a  year  or  two  was  occupied  in  teaching  an 
academy  at  Red  Hook,  N.  Y.,  until  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  New- 
port, R.  I.  He  was  ordained  Sept.  27,  1827.  Im- 
mediate success  followed  his  labors.  Fifty  persons 
were  baptized  during  the  year  which  succeeded  his 
ordination.  For  six  years  he  was  the  jiopular  pastor 
of  the  Newport  church.  During  this  time  he  pre- 
]iared  for  the  press  two  or  three  books,  among 
them  his  "  History  of  Missions,"  in  two  quarto 
volumes,  a  work  commenced  by  Rev.  Thomas 
Smith,  of  Kngland,  who  died  in  IS.'iO. 

Mr.  Chowles  resigned  bis  pastorate  in  Newport 
to  accept  a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  New 
Bedford,  where  he  remained  for  three  years,  and 
then  wont  to  Bufliilo,  N.  Y.  His  connection  with 
this  church  continued  four  years,  when  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  charge  of  the  Sixth  Street  Baptist 
church  in  New  York.  It  was  not  an  inviting  field 
of  labor,  and  the  hope  of  success  not  very  flatter- 


ing. Amid  many  discouragenietits  he  toiled  on  for 
a  year  or  two,  but  no  human  power  could  save  the 
enterprise,  and  it  was  ultimately  abandoned.  In 
1843,  he  was  called  to  the  church  of  Jamaica  Plain, 
near  Boston,  where  he  found  a  most  congenial  and 
happy  home.  While  acting  as  pastor  of  this  church 
he  found  time  to  prepare  lor  the  ]iress  his  edition 
of  ■'  Neal's  History  of  the  Puritans,"  which  took 
a  high  place  in  the  literature  which  treated  of  the 
character  and  the  work  of  those  heroic  men,  who  in 
an  agcof  great  dissoluteness  and  irreligion,  wrought 
such  a  moral  aiul  religious  change  in  England. 

The  connection  of  Dr.  Chowles  with  the  Jamaica 
church  closed,  in  1847,  in  consequence  of  an  urgent 
call  to  return  to  his  former  charge  in  Newport. 
During  his  second  residence  in  that  city  his  busy 
pen  prepared  for  the  press  several  volumes,  and 
was  constantly  employed  in  writing  for  the  period- 
icals of  the  day.  He  was  also  a  )iopular  lecturer, 
and  .addressed  large  audiences  in  different  sections 
of  the  country  on  themes  both  interesting  and  in- 
structive. He  lived  a  life  of  constant  activity. 
Indeed,  with  his  buoyancy  of  spirit  and  his  strong 
vital  energies,  and  social  tendencies,  he  could  not 
well  have  lived  any  other  life.  The  last  sermon  he 
preached  was  from  F/ph.  v.  14  :  "  Awake  thou  that 
sleepest,  and  arise  from  the  dead,  and  Christ  shall 
give  thee  light."  He  left  his  home  in  Newport  fin- 
New  York,  intending  to  be  absent  but  a  few  days. 
Ho  was  seized  with  a  sudden  illness  after  arriving 
in  New  York.  When  the  assurance  came  to  him 
that  without  doubt  the  time  for  his  departure  was 
near,  he  said  to  his  weeping  friends,  "1  had  not 
looked  for  this  ;  if  it  had  been  the  Lord's  will  I 
would  have  liked  another  month  to  have  looked 
over  the  road  more  clearly  :  but  it  does  not  matter 
after  all:  'twould  have  been  the  same  thing,  only 
simple  faith  in  Christ.  1  have  been  hurried  away 
through  life  by  a  tide  of  the  most  impulsive,  im- 
petuous nature,  perhaps,  that  ever  man  bad  to  con- 
tend with."  Soon  after  he  .said,  "  I  have  loved 
Christ;  I  have  preached  Christ  awd  him  alone;  I 
have  loved  to  jireach  Christ  and  him  crucified." 
These  were  among  his  last  words.  'I'hey  indicate 
that  he  well  knew  himself,  what  in  him  there  was 
that  was  frail  and  imperfect,  and  that  he  knew  also 
what  an  almighty  compassionate  Redeemer  he  had. 
To  that  Redeemer,  he  committed  himself  with  the 
simple  trust  of  a  little  child,  and  we  doubt  not  his 
fiiitli  was  honored  and  he  entered  into  rest.  Dr. 
Chowles  died  Jan.  .5,  1856. 

Chown,  Rev.  J.  P.,  the  widely-known  pastor  of 
Bloomsbury  chapel,  London,  England,  began  his 
ministry  in  the  neighborhood  of  Northampton, 
England,  about  1844.  In  184G,  he  resigned  the  pas- 
torate of  the  village  church,  to  which  he  had  been 
ordained,  and  entered  Horton  College.  Two  years 
after,  the  retirement  of  the  Rev.  T.  Pottenger  left 


CHRISTIAN 


221 


CHRISTIAN 


Sion  eliapel.Brailford,  without  a  pastor,  the  gifts  and 
high  promise  of  Mr.  Chown  led  to  liis  being  engaged 
to  occupy  the  pulpit,  while  still  a  student,  and  even- 
tually to  his  becoming  pastor,  in  June,  1848.     IIi,s 


RKV.    .1.    1'.    CIIOH'.V. 

ministry  was  conspicuously  successful  from  the  first, 
and  till'  mcmliershi|)  w.is  largely  increased.  In  18(i3, 
the  church  erected  a  new  building,  known  as  Hall- 
field  chapel,  and  dismissed  120  members  to  form  a 
new  church  there.  Mr.  Chown  remained  in  his  old 
field,  and  in  1873  a  new  edifice,  called  Sion  Jubilee 
chapel,  was  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
church  and  its  institutions,  .as  a  thank-offering  for 
the  labors  and  successes  of  fifty  years.  JMr.  Chnwn's 
public  work  on  behalf  of  benevolent  and  educational 
institutions  in  Bra<lford  received  emphatic  acknowl- 
edgment repeatedly,  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  valuable  tokens  of  public  ap])reciation  being 
the  gift  of  his  residence,  which  was  presented  to 
him  on  his  return  from  a  visit  to  this  country.  He 
has  been  a  leader  of  the  temperance  movement  for 
many  years.  In  1875,  he  obeyed  what  seemed  to 
him  an  imperative  providential  call,  and  accepted 
the  pastorate  at  Hloomsbury  chapel.  London, 
where  his  ministry  is  eminently  successful.  Mr. 
Chown  is  endowed  with  a  fine  presence  and  a  mag- 
nificent voice,  and  his  platform  speeches,  as  well 
as  pulpit  services,  attract  large  audiences.  For 
his  earnestness  and  noble  simplicity  of  character, 
as  well  as  for  his  great  abilities,  bo  is  held  in  the 
highest  esteem  by  the  ehurehes. 

Christian,  Judge  Joseph,  LL.D.,  eldest  son  of 
l>r.  U.  A.  Christian,  was  born  at  llewick,  Midille- 
sex  Co.,  Va.,  .July  10,  1828.     While  still  a  boy  he 


gave  promise  of  distinction.  He  pursued  his  aca- 
demic .studies  for  a  while  in  Richmond,  but  chiefly 
at  the  Columbian  College,  where  he  graduated  with 
honor  in  18-17.  In  1853,  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.  Having  studied  law  in  his  fathers  neigh- 
borhood, with  the  late  John  D.  McGill,  Esq.,  and 
afterwards  in  .Staunton,  Va.,  be  established  him- 
self in  pi-actiee,  immediately  after  bis  admission  to 
the  bar,  in  his  native  county  of  Middlesex,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  and  advocates 
in  that  part  of  the  State.  lie  was  also,  both  before 
and  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  sent  to  the 
senate  of  Virginia,  from  the  counties  of  Matthews 
and  Middlesex,  and  in  this  body  he  gained  tlie  repu- 
tation of  one  of  its  very  best  debaters.  Soon  after 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was  made  judge  of  the  sixth 
judicial  district  of  Virginia,  which  responsible  office 
he  filled  for  years  with  such  distinguished  ability  that 
be  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Appeals,  a  position  which  he  has  held  for  some  nine 
years,  with  like  honor  to  himself  and  to  the  judicial 
department  of  the  State  government.  In  the  last 
election  for  a  U.  S.  senator  for  Virginia,  he  was, 
at  no  solicitation  of  his  own,  one  of  the  prominent 
candidates  for  that  position  ;  and  we  understand 
that  his  name  was  also  conspicuous  on  the  list  of 
those  Southern  jurists  who  were  strongly  recom- 
mended to  the  President  for  the  lately  vacant  seat 
on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.     No  man.  ]ierhnps.  of  bis  years,  in  Virginia, 


.lUDOF.  .loSKi'ii  ^■IIRISTr.^^■,   i,i,.D. 

has  a  higher  judicial  reputation.  The  deliberative 
asseinlily,  however,  on  account  of  his  rare  gifts  as 
an  orator,  would,  perhaps,  exhibit  his  talents  in  a 


CHRISTIAN 


:»22 


CHURCH 


more  striking  light.  As  a  gentleman,  he  is  dis- 
tinguished for  his  urbanity  and  fine  social  qualities. 
Judge  Christian  was  baptized  by  his  fatlier  soon 
after  he  enteied  upon  the  practice  of  the  law,  and 
united  with  one  of  his  churches.  lie  is  now  con- 
nected with  the  .Second  Baptist  church  of  llich- 
Diond,  of  which  the  Rev.  Dr.  SIcDonald  is  pastor. 
The  Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him,  in  1872, 
the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Christian,  Rev.  J.  T.,  a  prominent  young  min- 
ister of  Columbus  Association,  Miss.,  was  born  in 
Kentucky  in  18.J4;  began  to  preach  in  1874  ;  grad- 
uated at  Bethel  College,  Ky.,  in  1876;  became 
pastor  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  in  1877,  and  supplied 
Verona  at  the  same  time ;  after  two  years  he  re- 
moved to  West  Point  and  engaged  in  his  present 
work.  At  the  last  commencement  at  Bethel  College 
he  received  the  clc:;ree  of  .\.M. 

Christian  Eeview  and  Home  Monthly,  a  re- 
ligious periodical  published  at  Toxarkana,  Ark.,  by 
J.  F.  Shaw  &  Sons,  and  edited  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Shaw 
and  Mrs.  Viola  Jackson.  It  takes  the  place  of  the 
Baptist  Index,  published  at  the  same  place,  which 
is  discontinued.  Mr.  Shaw  is  fast  gaining  reputa- 
tion as  a  vigoMus  writer,  and  Mrs.  Jackson  is  well 
known  in  the  South,  having  been  connected  with 
JIayfield's  Hcppn  Home  and  Ford's  Christian  Re- 
posituri/.  The  first  number  was  issued  August, 
1880,  and  is  well  filled  with  excellent  original  and 
selected  matter.  It  meets  a  want  in  the  Baptist 
literature  of  the  Southwest. 

Christian,  Rev.  Richard  Allen,  M.D.,  w.as 
born  in  Charles  City  Co.,  Va.,  July  27,  1798.  At 
the  age  of  about  twenty-one  years  he  graduated  as 
Doctor  of  Aledicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  immediately  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Urbana,  Middlesex  Co..  Va.  In  1838, 
he  m.ade  a  public  profession  of  faith  in  Clirist, 
became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Clark's 
Neck,  and  soon  afterwards  w.as  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  Still  continuing  in  the  practice  of  med- 
icine, he  did  not  for  some  years  assume  any  pastor.al 
charge,  although  he  preached  regularly  on  the  Sab- 
bath in  the  neighboring  churches.  At  a  later 
period  he  became  pastor  of  Clark's  Neck  and  Ham- 
ilton churches  (and  for  a  time,  also,  Zoar  .and  Glebe 
Landing  churches),  and  he  held  this  relation  until 
his  failing  health  compelled  him,  two  or  three  years 
before  his  death,  to  relinquish  it.  After  repeated 
strokes  of  paralysis,  he  died  May  8,  1862.  Dr. 
Christian  was  deservedly  one  of  the  most  influen- 
tial and  popular  men,  not  only  of  the  county,  but 
also  of  the  region  in  which  he  lived.  His  mind 
■was  strong  and  active,  his  person  large  .and  impo.s- 
ing,  and  his  manners  polished  and  winning.  As  a 
neighbor,  he  was  kind  and  charitable  in  the  highest 
degree,  and  ever  sought  the  things  that  make  for 
pe.-ice.     As  a  citizen,  he  was  characterized  by  the 


strictest  integrity,  and  by  a  decided  talent  for  the 
management  of  public  business.  As  a  physician, 
he  was  eminently  skillful,  attentive,  and  tender- 
hearted, and  by  these  qualities  he  secured  and  re- 
tained the  largest  practice  in  his  county,  which, 
however,  afier  the  period  of  middle  life,  he  grad- 
ually relinquished  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  his 
energies  to  the  Christian  ministry.  Although  Dr. 
Christian  was  some  forty  years  of  age  before  he 
entered  the  ministry,  and  although  for  several 
years  after  his  ordination  he  was  laboriously  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  medicine,  yot  he  became 
an  able  and  instructive  preacher.  His  sermons 
were  well  arranged,  abounded  in  apt  illustr.ations, 
were  filled  with  the  very  spirit  of  the  gospel,  and 
were  uniformly  earnest,  and  sometimes  powerful. 
His  ministry,  although  comparatively  brief,  resulted 
in  the  edification  of  the  churches  which  he  served, 
and  in  numerous  conversions.  His  t.alents  were 
held  in  high  estimation,  and  for  .a  long  time  to 
come  no  name  in  the  district  of  Virginia  to  which 
his  labors  were  confined,  will  be  pronounced  with 
greater  reverence  than  that  of  Dr.  Richard  A. 
Christian. 

Christian,  'William  Steptoe,  M.D.,  second  son 
of  Dr.  11.  A.  Cliristian,  was  born  :it  llewick,  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  26,  1830.  He  prepared  for 
college  at  the  schools  in  the  iieighborliood,  and  en- 
tered the  Columbian  College,  where  he  gr.aduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1848.  Having  studied 
medicine  with  his  father,  and  afterwards  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  he  grad- 
uated there  in  1851,  and  immediately  entered  upon 
the  labors  of  his  profession  in  his  native  county, 
Avhere  he  still  resides,  occupied  with  the  duties  of 
a  very  extensive  practice.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  he  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  captain 
of  infantry,  was  soon  made  colonel,  was  captured 
in  the  retreat  from  Gett^'sburg,  w.as  for  many 
months  prisoner  (during  most  of  the  time  at  John- 
son's Island),  .and  was  several  times  severely 
wounded  in  battle.  He  was  a  gallant  and  exceed- 
ingly popular  officer.  Dr.  Christian  is  held  in  the 
highest  respect  by  all  who  know  him  for  the  various 
qualities  that  most  adorn  the  man,  the  neighbor, 
and  the  citizen.  He  is  a  physician  of  rare  intelli- 
gence and  skill.  For  .sever.al  years  past  he  has  been 
a  leading  member  of  the  temperance  organization 
known  as  the  Good  Templars,  and  has  repeatedly 
been  elected  grand  worthy  chief,  the  highest  officer 
of  the  order  in  the  State.  As  a  speaker  he  is  im- 
pressive and  eloquent.  At  the  age  of  about  sixteen 
years  he  was  baptized  by  his  father,  and  united 
with  the  Cl.ark's  Neck  Baptist  church,  of  which  he 
is  still  a  most  active  and  u.sefnl  member,  having 
served  for  many  years  most  efficiently  as  teacher 
or  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

Church,  A  True  Gospel. — The  fabric  in  which 


CHURCH 


223 


CHURCH 


the  worship  of  God  is  celebrated  is  not  a  church  ; 
the  clerjry  are  not  the  churcli.  The  Baptist  Con- 
fession of  iCll,  in  Articles  X.  and  XIII.,  says, — 

"The  churcli  of  Christ  is  a  company  of  faithful 
people,  separated  from  the  world  liy  the  word  and 
Spirit  of  God,  being  knit  unto  the  Lord,  and  one 
to  another  by  baptism,  upon  their  own  confession 
of  the  faith  and  sins."'  "  Every  church  is  to  receive 
in  all  their  members  by  baptism,  upon  the  confes- 
sion of  their  faith  and  sins,  wrought  by  the  preach- 
ing of  the  gospel,  according  to  the  primitive  insti- 
tution and  practice."  The  Confession  of  1646 
says,  "  The  church  is  a  company  of  visible  saints, 
called  and  separated  from  the  world  by  the 
word  and  Spirit  of  God  to  the  visible  profession 
of  the  faith  of  the  gospel,  being  baptized  into 
that  faith  and  joined  to  the  Lord,  and  each  to 
other  by  mutual  agreement  in  the  practical  enjoy- 
ment of  the  ordinances  commanded  by  Christ,  their 
head  and  king."— Article  XXXIII.  The  Philadel- 
phia Confession  of  Faith  says,  "The  members  of 
these  churches  are  saints  by  calling,  visibly  mani- 
festing and  evidencing,  in  and  by  their  profession 
and  walking,  their  obedience  unto  that  call  of 
Christ,  and  do  willingly  consent  to  walk  together 
according  to  the  appointment  of  Christ,  giving  up 
themselves  to  the  Lord  and  one  to  another,  by  the 
will  of  God,  in  professed  subjection  to  the  ordi- 
nances of  the  gospel." — Article  XXVII. 

Church,  Rev.  Leroy,  was  born  in  Western  New 
York,  Jan.  8.  IS  1 3.  He  was  baptized  in  Lake  On- 
tario in  1S32.  His  stuilies  preparatory  to  the  min- 
istry were  pursued  at  IIamilt(jn,  where  he  entered 
in  the  fall  of  1834,  graduating  in  1839  from  the 
college,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1841.  His  first 
pastorate  was  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
entered  upon  service  in  September  of  1841,  being 
ordained  in  X'ovember  of  the  same  year.  On  the 
first  Sabbath  of  the  December  following  he  baptized 
his  first  convert,  a  young  man  led  to  Christ  by  a 
few  words  addressed  to  him  in  the  shop  where  he 
was  at  work.  During  the  three  years  of  this  pas- 
torate at  Schenectady  about  100  were  added  to  the 
church  by  baptism.  Mr.  Church  became  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Hudson,  N.  Y..  in  the  fall  of  1845, 
holding  this  important  position  until  the  fall  of 
1853,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago,  having  pur- 
chased the  Christian  Times,  now  the  Standard, 
with  which  paper  he  remained  connected  as  senior 
proprietor  and  associate  editor  until  1875,  when  he 
disposed  of  his  interest  to  Dr.  J.  S.  Dickerson.  This 
period  of  twenty-two  years  in  Baptist  journalism 
brought  him  into  active  and  influential  relations 
■with  a  variety  of  Western  interests,  and  his  service 
in  that  connection  was  active,  judicious,  and  effec- 
tive. He  wrote  largely  and  well  for  the  columns 
of  the  paper,  while  in  connection  with  its  financial 
administration,  and  io  representing  it  in  various 


parts  of  its  wide  field,  his  good  judgment  and  tact 
and  knowledge  of  men  were  elements  of  high  effi- 
ciency. 

The  Church  family,  to  whom  belong  also  Dr. 
Pharcellus  Church  and  Rev.  Volney  Church,  came 
from  England  in  1630  and  settled  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.  A  deed  is  preserved  in  the  museum  at  Plym- 
outh conveying  a  tract  of  land  to  Benjamin  Church 
in  the  precinct  now  known  as  Maishficld,  where 
Daniel  Webster  had  bis  home.  A  liianch  of  the 
family  subsequently  settled  in  Rhode  Lsland.  Cafit. 
Church,  belonging  to  this  branch,  has  a  marked 
record  in  the  early  Indian  wars  as  the  antagonist 
of  King  Philip.  The  father  of  Rev.  Leroy 
Church  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

Church  Meetings  are  composed  exclusively  of 
members,  and  are  convened  to  receive  additions  by 
letter,  to  grant  letters  of  dismission,  to  try  fallen 
brethren,  to  order  letters  to  Associations  and  other 
bodies,  to  elect  pastors,  and  to  perform  other  church 
work. 

The  pastor  presides  almost  universally,  and  this 
position  is  generally  accorded  to  him  in  virtue  of 
his  office,  but  in  a  few  instances  it  is  given  to  him 
by  election  at  each  meeting.  There  is  a  clerk  at 
every  church  meeting,  who  keeps  a  correct  record 
of  all  its  proceedings.  The  church  meeting  is  gov- 
erned by  parliamentary  law. 

In  the  great  majority  of  our  churches  each  mem- 
ber has  a  vote,  irrespective  of  age,  .se.t,  or  the 
length  or  brevity  of  membership.  The  writer 
has,  however,  known  one  or  two  cases  where  there 
was  an  age  qualification  to  prevent  the  very  young 
from  controlling  the  church.  In  the  church  meet- 
ing the  pastor  has  the  right  of  voting,  and  he  has 
an  influence  according  to  the  measure  of  his  wis- 
dom and  piety.  Beyond  these  he  has  no  other 
privileges,  and  he  ought  to  have  none. 

In  large  cities  church  meetings  are  generally  held 
once  a  month,  or  once  in  three  months,  and  they 
are  summoned  for  a  week-night.  Special  meetings 
are  called  by  the  pastor,  or  by  a  paper  signed  by 
a  few  brethren,  five  or  seven,  and  read  from  the 
desk. 

Church  of  God. — This  community,  sometimes 
called  Winebrennarians,  claims  precedence  of  all 
religious  bodies  in  its  origin.  Jesus  Christ  is 
claimed  as  founder.  The  name,  it  is  declared.  Is 
the  only  one  justified  by  divine  authority.  Gal.  i. 
13 ;  1  Tim.  iii.  15.  This  denomination  started  into 
life  in  connection  with  e.ttensive  revivals  of  religion 
enjoyed  in  and  around  Harrisburg  soon  after  the 
settlement  of  the  Rev.  John  Winebrenner  in  that 
city,  in  1820.  These  revivals  were  renewed  and 
far  more  widely  extended  in  1825  ;  out  of  the  con- 
verts churches  were  organized,  and  converts  were 
called  into  the  ministry.  In  October,  1830,  the 
representatives  of  these  churches  met  in  Harris- 


CHUHCII 


224 


CnUliCJi 


burg,  and  formally  set  up  the  denomination  called 
the  "  Chiircli  of  God,"  tlie  orij^inal  representative 
of  whicli  was  established  Ijy  the  Saviour. 

The  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  God  differ  from 
Regular  Baptists  only  in  the  following  points: 
free  will  is  accepted,  election  is  denounced,  feet- 
washing  is  practiced,  the  Lord's  Supper  is  observed 
always  in  tlie  evening.  It  is  likely  tliat  the  "  final 
perseverance  of  the  saints''  is  rejected  by  this  coin- 
uiunity,  though  in  their  doctrinal  articles  this  is 
not  stated.  In  other  respects  tlie  creed  of  the 
Church  of  God  is  a  Baptist  Confession  of  Faith. 

The  government  of  this  community  is  not  Bap- 
tistical :  the  preacher  in  chai'ge  of  a  church  and  a 
competent  jiumber  of  elders  and  deacons  constitute 
the  church  council,  which  admits  and  excludes 
members.  The  Annual  Eldership  is  very  much 
like  a  Methodist  Annual  Conference,  with  laymen 
among  its  members.  Every  three  years  a  General 
Eldership  convened  for  the  first  twenty  years,  after 
which  it  was  to  assemble  every  five  years.  This 
body  is  composed  of  delegates  from  the  Annual 
Elderships,  and  it  has  powers  very  like  those  of  a 
General  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Every  minister  in  the  Church  of  God  in  good 
standing  must  have  a  license,  and  this  license  must 
be  renewed  anmtaUy  by  his  Eldership.  No  minis- 
ter is  allowed  to  remain  longer  than  thi-ee  years  in 
one  station,  and  generally  not  more  than  one  or 
two.  The  doctrinal  articles,  with  the  exceptions 
named,  agree  with  the  opinions  of  Baptists ;  the 
church  polity  resembles  the  Jlethodist. 

The  writer  was  unable  to  obtain  exact  statistics 
of  the  Chui-ch  of  C>od,  but  he  procured  something 
near  the  figures.  They  have  about  500  ministers, 
1200  churches,  and  20,000  members. 

The  members  of  the  Church  of  God  live  chiefly 
in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan, 
and  Iowa. 

Church,  Pharcellus,  D.D.,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
ISOl,  near  Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  spent  the  most  of 
his  first  ten  years  of  life  at  what  is  now  called 
Hopewell  Centre,  five  miles  from  Canandaigua.  At 
eleven  years  of  age  his  home  was  changed  to  the 
shores  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  that  time  without  reli- 
gious privileges.  His  Sabbaths  were  spent  in  the 
rough  sort  of  life  peculiar  to  the  wilderness  of  a 
new  country.  In  the  midst  of  his  rude  sports  a 
respect  for  religion,  instilled  in  bis  mind  early  in 
life  by  a  tender,  loving  mother,  asserted  itself  and 
led  him  to  follow  her  counsel  and  study  the  Divine 
Word.  While  thus  engaged  as  a  matter  of  filial 
duty,  and  obeying  the  outward  forms  of  religion, 
he  was  deeply  affected  by  portions  of  the  Gospel  of 
John.  These  impressions  led  to  his  conversion  at 
thirteen  and  a  half  years  of  age.  He  attended  no 
church  and  heard  no  domestic  or  sanctuary  worship, 
and  yet  enjoyed  communion  with  God,  which  was 


greatly  increased  by  an  open  confession  to  his  pious 
mother.  Soon  after  this  event,  a  Baptist  cluirch 
was  formed  in  the  vicinity,  and  in  June,  18 U>,  he 
was  immersed  upon  profession  of  bis  faith.  He 
became  immediately  more  or  less  active  in  social 
meetings,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  felt  called 
to  the  Christian  ministry. 

Througli  the  influence  of  friends  he  devoted  him- 
self to  study,  and  finally  took  a  classical  and  tlieo- 
logical  course  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  He  was  first 
settled  as  pastor  at  Poultney,  Vt.,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  June,  182.5,  and  where  he  remained 
until  1828.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Conant,  daughter  of  Deacon  John  Conant,  of 
Brandon,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  became  pastor 
of  what  is  now  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  Provi- 


PIIARIEI.I.IS    CIIURCU.   n.D. 


denee.  R.  I.  He  spent  the  winter  of  1S34-35  in 
New  Orleans,  and  while  there  wrote  "  Philosophy 
of  Benevolence,"  published  in  New  York  in  1S36. 
Upon  his  return  to  the  North  he  located  with  the 
church  at  Rochester.  From  thence  he  removed, 
in  1848,  to  accept  the  pastorate  of  Bowdoin  Square 
Baptist  church.  Boston.  This  position  he  left  on 
account  of  sickness.  In  1855  he  became  editor  of 
the  New  Y'ork  Chronicle,  in  which  service  he  re- 
mained ten  years.  Since  1805  he  has  spent  the 
time  partly  in  Europe,  making  the  original  Scrip- 
tures a  principal  study,  preaching  occasionally, 
and  writing  for  the  press.  His  homo  has  been  at 
Tavrytown  for  the  last  eight  years. 

An  offer  of  a  premium  for  a  work  on  religious 
discussions  being  m.ade  in  the  suiiiiner  of  1836,  he 
wrote  a  book  on  that  subject  of  400  or  500  12mo 


CHURCHES 


i25 


CLARK 


pages,  which  was  piiblislied  in  1837.  The  revival 
interest  among  his  people  in  Rochester  turned  his 
attention  to  the  subject  of  spiritual  power,  ami  he 
published  in  1842  a  work  entitled  "  Antioch,  or 
the  Increase  of  Moral  Power  in  the  Church,"  which 
contained  an  able  introduction  by  Dr.  Stow,  of 
Boston.  Another  publication  of  a  like  character, 
in  1H43,  entitled  "  Pentecost,"  beinj;  the  substance 
of  a  sermon  preached  at  Albany  before  the  Foreign 
Mission  Board  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  was 
printed  by  request.  In  Boston,  he  compiled  "  Me- 
moirs of  Mrs.  Theodosia  Dean,"  which  was  pub- 
lished in  that  city  about  1851,  and  is  now  included 
in  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society's  lists. 
While  in  Canada  he  wrote  "  Mapleton,  or  more 
Work  for  the  Maine  Law,"  a  temperance  tale  ;  and 
while  in  Bonn,  on  the  Rhine,  he  wrote  "  Sad 
Truths,"  a  work  embodying  a  good  deal  of  thought 
on  Bible  subjects,  which  was  published  in  Edin- 
burgh and  in  New  York.  Dr.  Church  has  written 
largely  for  reviews  and  other  periodicals,  and  is 
still  engaged  in  the  same  service. 

Dr.  Church  is  a  grand  old  man,  with  a  noble  in- 
tellect, a  great  heart,  splendid  culture,  an  unsullied 
record,  and  a  saintly  piety,  one  of  those  men  whom 
we  would  keep  forever  in  the  church  on  earth,  and 
whom  we  would  endow  with  undying  vigor,  if  his 
state  and  place  were  in  our  charge. 

Churches,  English  Baptist. — According  to  Or- 
chard there  were  in  England  in  1771,  2.51  Baptist 
churches;  in  1794.  379;  in  1811,  537;  and  in  1820 
there  were  G20.  Bogue  and  Bennet  give  a  list  of 
708  Baptist  churches  in  England  and  Wales  in 
1808.  In  1880,  there  were  21520  churches,  3354 
meeting-houses,  209,836  members,  and  372,242 
Sunday-school  scholars  belonging  to  our  denomi- 
nation in  the  British  Islands.  How  many  persons 
there  were  in  1880,  with  Baptist  principles,  not  a 
few  of  whom  were  actually  immersed,  in  the  mem- 
bership of  Pedobaptist  churches  in  Great  Britain, 
we  have  no  means  of  finding  out.  Their  number, 
however,  may  be  regarded  as  very  large.  By  the 
unscriptural  teachings  of  "  open  communion"  they 
have  been  foolishly  led  to  suppose  that  baptism 
was  of  too  little  importance  to  disturb  their  eccle- 
siastical relations.  The  principal  effect  of  open 
communion  is  not  to  bring  Pedobaptists  to  the 
Lord's  table  in  Baptist  churches,  but  to  keep  men 
holding  Baptist  principles  in  Pedobaptist  commu- 
nities. 

Churches,  One  Minister  Pastor  of  many.— 

In  reading  tin'  skiMi'lies  of  ministers  in  tlii^  vulumo  it 
will  appear  as  if  some  of  them  were  given  to  many 
changes  in  their  pastoral  relations.  There  are  two 
considerations  to  be  kept  in  view  in  reflecting  upon 
such  cases.  The  first  is,  that  in  large  sections  of 
our  country,  especially  in  the  South,  one  minister 
is  frequently  pastor  of  four  or  more  churches  at  the 


same  time.  If  he  changes  his  field  of  Labor  four  times 
in  his  life,  he  has  been  pastor  of  sixteen  churches, 
while  in  one  of  our  cities  the  same  man  would 
only  have  ministered  to  four.  The  second  is,  that 
a  small  number  of  our  ministers  are  of  an  impulsive, 
and  of  a  revival  order,  as  many  commonly  use  the 
word  revival  ;  and  after  a  brief  settlement,  and  con- 
siderable success,  they  are  anxious  for  the  special 
harvests  which  they  commonly  reap  in  new  fields  ; 
and  their  removals  are  frequent  for  this  reason. 
Generally  our  ministers  have  comparatively  long 
settlementa ;  and  this  practice  is  growing  rapidly 
among  us. 

Citations. — When  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church 
has  sinned  grievously  against  his  Master,  and  when 
the  remonstrances  of  his  brethren  fail  to  bring  him 
to  repentance,  our  last  resort  is  excommunication. 
Previous  to  this  sorrowful  act  a  notification,  or 
citation,  as  it  is  called,  is  sent  to  the  offender  in- 
viting him  to  attend  the  church  meeting  to  be  held 
at  a  time  and  place  mentioned,  to  show  cause  why 
he  should  not  be  excluded  from  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  a  member. 
If  he  accepts  the  invitation  be  has  every  opportu- 
nity to  defend  himself,  or  to  confess  his  sin  and 
.sorrow,  and  thereby  avert  the  impending  expulsion. 

To  send  a  citation  is  the  uniform  law  of  all  Bap- 
tist churches  when  the  residence  of  the  accused 
can  be  found,  except  in  a  small  number  of  cases, 
such  as  sexual  crimes  or  murders,  when  no  amount 
of  repentance  would  justify  retention  in  church 
membership,  and  the  testimony  against  the  accused 
is  overwhelming. 

Clark,  Rev.  Albion  B.,  was  born  in  Xew  Sharon, 
Me.,  Marcli  24,  l>2'i.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
the  Farmington  and  Waterville  -Academies,  and 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1854.  For  three 
years  he  was  the  principal  of  the  academy  at  Shel- 
bourne  Falls.  Mass.,  and  in  1854  he  entered  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  where  he  took  the 
full  three  years'  course  of  study.  He  was  ordained 
Sept.  12,  1855,  and  was  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Skowhegan,  Me.,  for  three  years, — 185.5-58.  He 
became  an  agent  of  the  American  Baptist  Publica- 
tion Society,  and  continued  in  the  employ  of  the 
society  for  four  years, — 1859-63.  lie  died  at  Skow- 
hegan, Sept.  9.  1865. 

Clark,  Rev.  Andrew,  of  Bishop  Creek,  Cal.,  a 
self-denying  and  faithful  p.astor.  is  the  only  Baptist 
preacher  east  of  the  Sierra  range,  his  preaching 
stations  extending  ne.irly  100  miles  north  and  south. 
He  was  born  in  Alleghany  Co..  Pa..  -luly  14.  1832  : 
baptized  in  1S52  at  Marshall,  Iowa;  nmrried  at 
twenty-two  to  Miss  Rachel  L.  Sehern,  a  Presbyte- 
rian, who  with  all  her  family  became  Baptists.  He 
served  in  the  U.  S.  army  ;  was  induced  by  his 
father  to  go  to  California  just  after  his  ordination 
at  Red  Oak,  Iowa,  in  1867  ;  located  at  Bishop  Creek. 


CLARK 


226 


CLARK 


where  he  hag  built  a  house  of  worship,  and  is  iloinu; 
a  good  work  for  Clirist.  Twice  he  hag  traveled 
1500  miles  (once  with  his  wife)  over  the  mountains 
to  attend  the  Association. 

Clark,  Rev.  Edward  W.,  was  born  in  the  town 
of  North-Kast,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  2.3,  1830. 
lie  was  converted  and  called  to  the  ministry  in 
early  life.  lie  graduated  from  Brown  University 
in  18.57,  and  from  Rochester  Theological  Seminary 
in  1859.  He  was  pastor  in  Logansport,  Ind.,  from 
1859  to  1861.  He  was  editor  and  publisher  of  the 
Witness,  Indianapolis,  from  1861  to  18G7.  He  was 
appointed  missionary  to  Sibsagor,  and  sailed  in 
October,  1868.  He  took  charge  of  missionary 
printing,  and  assisted  in  other  missionary  work  for 
five  years,  when  ho  became  deeply  interested  in  the 
people  of  the  Naga  Hills.  He  made  a  visit  to  one 
of  the  tribes,  and  was  afterwards  appointed  mis- 
sionary to  the  Nagas.  His  wife,  Mrs.  Mary  M. 
Clark,  helps  biui  in  bis  missionary  work.  She 
returned  to  this  country  in  1873,  and  stayed  three 
years.  She  spent  much  of  the  time  in  forming 
missionary  circles  among  Baptist  women. 

Clark,  George  Whitfield,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
South  Orange,  N.  -J.,  Feb.  15,  1831.  Ho  was  con- 
verted and  baptized  when  twelve  years  old  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Nortlilii'ld  Baptist  church.  He 
graduated  at  Amherst  (,'ollege  in  1853,  and  com- 
pleted his  theological  course  at  Rochester  in  1855. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  New 
Market,  Oct.  3,  1855.  In  June,  1859,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Elizabeth, 
and  continued  tlierc  until  1868,  when  he  went  to 
the  church  at  Ballston,  N.  Y.,  from  which  he  re- 
moved to  Somerville,  N.  J.,  Sept.  1,  1873.  In  1S72 
Rochester  University  conferred  upnn  him  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.  Dr.  Clark  has  been  a  close  and 
thorough  student.  His  notes  on  the  gospels  and 
"  New  Harmony  of  the  Gospels"  are  thorough, 
sound,  and  popular.  They  have  been  extensively 
used.  Close  and  continuous  study  brought  on  a 
failure  in  health  that  induced  a  resignation  of  his 
prosperous  pastorate  in  Somerville  in  1877.  He  is 
so  far  restored  that  further  work  on  the  New  Tes- 
tament is  contemplated.  He  has  contributed  a 
number  of  articles  to  the  quarterlies. 

Clark,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1810, 
at  Canterbury,  Windham  Co.,  Conn. ;  was  educated 
at  Hamilton  Litorary  and  Theological  Institution; 
ordained  June  13,  1834,  at  Seekonk,  Mass.,  where 
he  had  his  first  pastorate.  Subsequently  served  as 
pastor  at  Taunton  two  and  a  half  years.  Canton 
two  years,  Uandolph  five  years,  Cbosbire  six  years. 
Tiiese  pastorates  were  all  in  Massachusetts.  5Ir. 
Clark  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1869,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  pastor  at  Kenosha  five 
years,  Pewaukee  two  years,  and  he  has  been  settled 
over  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Oshkosh,  where 


he  now  resides,  about  one  year.  Mr.  Clark  is  a 
Baptist  preacher  of  the  old-fashioned  New  England 
type,  sound  in  the  faith,  plain  and  direct  in  his 
style,  always  bringing  to  the  cause  of  the  church 
and  of  Christ  an  undivided  devotion,  able  and  ready 
to  speak  at  all  times,  and  to  fight  (if  needful)  in 
defense  of  the  old  Baptist  faith,  rather  than  aliamlun 
a  hair's  breadth  of  the  principles  of  the  church  of 
which  he  is  a  member  and  minister.  His  spirit 
has  been  made  meek  and  gentle  in  the  furnace  of 
affliction.  All  his  family  except  his  wife — two 
sons  and  five  daughters — have  preceded  him  to  the 
land  of  rest.  He  is  passing  the  evening  of  his  life 
in  jircaching  Christ  in  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
cities  of  Wisconsin. 

Clark,  Ichabod,  D.D,,  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Mass.,  Oct.  30,  1802,  and  died  at  Lockport, 
III.,  April  14,  1869,  after  an  active  and  useful 
ministry  of  forty-seven  years.  His  conversion 
took  place  when  he  was  about  fourteen  years  of 
age.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Baptist  church  of  Truxton,  N.  Y. ; 
ordained  at  Scipio,  N.  Y.,  in  1823.  Ills  pastorates 
in  New  York  were  at  Lockport,  Lagrange,  Batavia, 
Le  Roy,  Brockport,  and  Nunda.  In  1848  he  ac- 
cepted an  appointment  from  the  New  York  Stale 
Convention  as  missionary  at  Galena,  III.  He  thus 
became  identified  with  the  denomination  in  that 
State,  an<I  for  the  most  part  remained  so  until  his 
death.  His  next  pastorate  after  that  at  Galena  was 
at  Rockford,  where  he  labored  several  years  with 
signal  success.  Midway  in  this  pastorate  he  en- 
gaged for  a  year  as  superintendent  of  missions  of 
the  General  Association  of  the  State,  the  church 
giving  him  leave  of  absence  for  this  purpose,  and 
supplying  the  pulpit  meanwhile.  At  the  end  of  the 
year  he  resumed  his  work  at  Rockford.  and  contin- 
ued it  until  1860.  During  his  labors  there  453 
were  added  to  the  church,  211  by  baptism.  Five 
years  in  a  pastorate  at  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  one  year  in 
renewed  service  as  superintendent  of  missions  in 
Illinois,  a  brief  service  at  Lockport  as  pastor,  and 
his  active,  wise,  and  efficient  ministry  was  finished. 

Clark,  Rev.  James  A.,  Professor  of  the  Latin 
Language  In  Kalaniazo)  College,  Mich.,  was  born 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  in  1827,  and  died  in  Kalamazoo 
in  August,  18G9.  Ho  was  in  early  life  converted 
and  began  preparation  for  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
He  graduated  from  Williams  College  in  1853,  and 
after  teaching  a  year  studied  at  Newton,  where  he 
finished  the  usual  course  in  1857.  Soon  after  he 
became  pastor  at  Adrian,  Jlich.,  and  subsequently 
at  Fairfield.  From  the  latter  place  he  was  called 
to  the  professorship  in  Kalamazoo  College,  but 
during  his  residence  there  he  served  the  college  as 
financial  agent,  and  as  editor  of  the  Michigan 
Christian  Herald,  and  he  was  treasurer  of  the 
State  Convention  for    three    vears  preceding   his 


CLARK 


227 


CLARKE 


death.  lie  was  a  man  of  large  practical  sagacity, 
and  self-sacrificing  devotion  to  the  church.  His 
death  at  the  age  of  forty-two  was  sincerely  and 
deeply  lamented. 

Clark,  Rev.  John. — This  pioneer  preacher  was 
born  in  Scotland,  Nov.  2'J,  170S.  At  seven  he  be- 
gan to  study  Latin  and  Greek.  In  1778  he  went  to 
sea  on  a  British  ship,  which  he  deserted  at  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.  He  went  to  Georgia  and  taught 
school.  Ho  was  converted  in  1785,  and  became  a 
Methddist  preacher.  lie  was  ordained  by  Bishop 
Asbury  in  1795.  lie  visited  Scothuid,  and  found 
that  his  father  and  mother  were  dead.  He  returned 
to  America,  preached  in  Georgia,  and  taught  school. 
In  17%  he  walked  from  Georgia  to  Kentucky,  and 
taught  and  preached  in  the  Crab  Orchard  country. 
He  exchanged  the  rod  in  school  for  firmness  and 
love.  He  came  ti)  Missouri  in  1798.  He  preached 
in  St.  Louis  County  wlien  the  Catholic  foreign 
commander  threatened  him  with  imprisonment. 
He  became  a  Baptist,  and  another  Methndist,  named 
Talbot,  adopted  the  same  opinions,  and  they  im- 
mersed each  other.  The  Lemmons,  early  Illinois 
ministers,  studied  under  Clark,  and  acknowledged 
their  obligations  to  him  for  their  instruction  in  lan- 
guages and  theology.  He  went  in  a  canoe  in  ISOS 
and  18U)  down  the  Mississippi  to  Batim  Rouge,  and 
preached  and  taught  sciioni,  and  walked  back.  lie 
■was  easy  of  address,  social,  pious,  intelligent,  and 
useful.  He  wrote  in  a  beautiful  hand  many  family 
records  in  the  Bible  by  request.  In  1S20  he  visited 
the  Boonos  in  Lick  County,  and  he  was  the  first  to 
go  so  far  west.  lie  belonged  to  the  Coldwator  Bap- 
tist church  in  St.  Louis  County.  He  died  at  Wil- 
liam Patterson's,  Oct.  1 1, 1S33,  at  seventy-five  years 
of  age.  He  had  performed  great  labor.  Multi- 
tudes attended  his  funeral.  The  Lemmons,  by  his 
recpiest,  preached  his  funeral  sermon. 

Clark,  Rev.  John  Henry,  was  born  in  Loudon 
Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  12,  1812.  lie  was  converted  at  si.\- 
teen  years  of  age,  and  baptized  by  Dr.  W.  F. 
Broadns.  lie  moved  to  Missouri  in  18,'59,  and 
united  with  the  church  at  Cape  Girardeau.  He  was 
licensed  in  1842,  and  ordained  in  1844  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  at  the  Cape.  lie  had  a  talent 
for  languages  and  acquired  them.  He  gave  much 
time  to  teaching,  and  was  successful  in  it,  and  ho 
■was  efTective  as  a  preacher.  Brother  Clark  was  for 
years  moderator  of  Cape  Girardeau  Association. 
He  died  April  4,  1S69.  lie  was  honored  and  be- 
loved as  a  good  minister  of  .Jesus. 

Clark,  J.  W.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Rushford, 
N.  Y.,  May  8,  18.31 ;  graduated  from  Alleghany  Col- 
lege in  1855.  For  two  years  after  he  was  principal 
of  Randolph  Academy,  now  Chamberlain  Institute, 
N.  Y.  The  next  six  years  be  devoted  to  preaching. 
In  18f)3  he  entered  Rochester  Theidogical  Seminary, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  180().     The  next 


four  years  he  was  pastor  in  Portsmouth,  O.  In 
May,  1871),  he  removed  to  Albion,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
still  renmins,  and  where  he  is  doing  a  noble  work 
in  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  efficient  churches 
of  Western  New  York.  Rochester  University  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
in  1877.  His  parents  were  from  Southampton. 
Mass.  His  father's  name  was  Elam  Clark.  Dr. 
Clark  is  a  man  of  strong  constitution  and  character. 
His  solid  frame  and  manly  face  fitly  represent  his 
vigorous  intellect.  As  a  preacher  he  ranks  among 
the  best  in  the  State,  and  his  fine  judgment  and 
earnest,  patient,  hopeful  spirit  eminently  qualify 
him  for  leadership  in  the  great  concerns  of  the  de- 
nomination. He  has  written  sermons  for  the  Ex- 
aminer and  Chronirle,  imd  occasional  newspaper 
articles,  in  all  of  which  he  shows  a  masterly  hand. 

Clark,  Deacon  Thomas,  father  of  Rev.  Amlrew 
Clark,  of  Bishop  Ci-cek,  Cab,  assisted  in  organizing 
the  McKeesport  church.  Pa.  ;  w.as  a  pioneer  Baptist 
in  Iowa,  where  his  house  was  the  meeting-place 
of  an  infant  church  :  .and  a  pioneer  Baptist  in 
Eastern  California,  settling  at  Bishop  Creek  in 
I8G4,  where  he  opened  his  house  for  public  wor- 
ship, a  Sunday-school,  ,'ind  for  the  meetings  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  which  was  organized  in  18G9, 
and  of  which  he  was  deacon  until  his  death,  Nov. 
4,  1878,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Clarke,  Prof.  Benjamin  F.,  son  of  Thomas  and 
Martha  Clarke,  was  born  in  Newport,  Me.,  July  14, 
1831.  He  took  the  course  of  study  in  the  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.,  State  Normal  School,  graduating  in 
1855,  purposing  to  make  teaching  his  profession. 
For  some  time  he  taught  in  district  schools,  in  a 
grammar  school  in  the  city  of  Salem,  JIass..  and  in 
the  Normal  School  in  Bridgewater.  Working  to 
prepare  himself  for  more  extended  usefulness,  he 
commenced  a  course  of  study  to  qualify  himself 
for  entering  college.  He  was  for  some  time  under 
the  tuition  of  ex-President  Thomas  Hill,  D.D.,  for- 
merly of  Harvard  University,  and  at  the  time  pastor 
of  the  Unitarian  church  in  Walthani,  Mass.  While 
residing  in  Waltham  he  made  a  public  profession 
of  his  faith  in  Christ,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  M. 
L.  Bickford  in  1857.  Having  completed  his  pre- 
paratory course  of  study,  he  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity, and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1803.  and 
soon  after  was  appointed  instructor  in  JIathenintics, 
which  office  he  held  until  18GS,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Civil  Engi- 
neering, which  position  he  now  (1880)  holds. 

Clarke,  John,  M.D.,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
men  of  his  time,  and  a  leading  spirit  among  the 
founders  of  Rhode  Island,  was.  according  to  the  best 
authorities,  born  in  Suffolk,  Engl.and,  Oct.  S,  1009. 
His  father's  name  was  Thomas,  to  whom  belonged 
a  family  Bible  which  is  still  in  existence  and  contains 
a  family  record.     His  mother.  Rose   Ilerrige,  was 


CLARKE 


228 


CLAltKK 


of  an  ancient  Suffolk  family.  The  tradition  that 
ho  was  a  native  of  Bedfordshire  may  have  had  its 
rise  from  the  fact  that  there  he  married  his  first 
wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Hayes,  Esq.  To 
receive  a  legacy  given  her  by  her  father  out  of  the 
manor  of  Wreslingworth,  Bedfordshire,  he  signed 
a  power  of  attorney,  March  12,  1 15.56,  styling  him- 
self John  Clarke,  physician,  of  London.  During 
his  youth  he  received  a  careful  training,  and  shared 
in  the  intellectual  quickening  of  the  period,  though 
at  what  university  he  was  graduated  is  not  known. 
His  religious  and  political  convictions  closely  iden- 
tified liim  with  that  large  anil  growing  body  of  men 
who  bravely  sought  to  limit  kingly  prerogative,  and 
to  throw  around  the  personal  liberty  of  subjects 
the  protection  of  constitutional  safeguards.  He 
was  indeed  a  Puritan  of  the  Puritans.  All  efforts 
to  reform  abuses  in  either  church  or  state  proving 
abortive,  he  directed  his  footsteps  toward  the  New 
World,  arriving  at  Boston  in  the  month  of  Ni)vem- 
ber,  1037. 

A  bitter  disappointment,  however,  awaited  him. 
The  Antinomian  controversy  had  just  culminated, 
and  one  of  the  parties  was  being  prosori!)cd.  Dif- 
fei'enccs  of  opinion  he  expected  to  find  on  these 
AVestern  shores,  but  he  was  surprised  to  find,  as  he 
tells  us,  that  men  "  were  not  able  to  bear  each  with 
other  in  thoir  different  understandings  and  con- 
sciences as  in  these  utmost  parts  of  the  world  to 
live  peaceably  together."  Since  the  government 
at  Boston  was  as  repressive  and  intolerant  as  that 
from  which  he  had  just  fled,  he  proposed  to  a  num- 
ber of  the  citizens,  for  the  sake  of  peace,  to  withdraw 
and  establisli  themselves  elsewhere,  and  consented 
to  seek  out  a  place.  He  had  boldly  resolved  to 
plant  a  new  colony,  and  upon  a  new  basis ;  to  in- 
corporate into  its  foundation  principles  hitherto 
deemed  impracticable,  and  even  subversive  of  gov- 
ernment, and  indeed  of  all  order. 

The  choice  company  he  had  gathered  signed, 
March  7,  1638,  the  following  compact :  "  We,  whose 
names  are  underwritten,  do  here  solemnly,  in  the 
presence  of  Jehovah,  incorporate  ourselves  into  a 
Body  Politic,  and  as  he  shall  help,  will  submit  our 
persons,  lives,  and  estates  unto  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  the  King  of  Kings  and  Lord  of  Lords,  and 
to  all  tliose  perfect  and  most  absolute  laws  of  his 
given  us  in  his  Holy  A7ord  of  truth,  to  be  guided 
and  judged  thereby."  They  found  in  the  Word  of 
God  warrant  for  their  civil  government,  and  claimed 
for  it  divine  authority.  It  was.  nevertheless,  "a 
democracy  or  popular  government,"  and  no  one 
was  "to  be  accounted  a  delinquent  for  doctrine." 
Liberty  of  conscience  was  most  sacredly  guarded. 
The  magistrate  was  to  punish  only  ''  breaches  of 
the  law  of  God  that  tend  to  civil  disturbance." 
The  largest  personal  freedom  consistent  with  sta- 
bility of  government  wns-provided  for.     There  are 


goorj  reasons  fir  believing  that  to  the  hand  of  Mr. 
Clarke  tliis  initial  form  of  government  must  be 
traced. 

The  place  selected  for  the  colony  was  an  island 
in  the  Narragansett  Bay,  known  by  the  Indians  as 
Aquidneck,  but  subsequently  named  Rhode  Island, 
which.  Neat  says,  "  is  deservedh'  called  the  paradise 
of  New  England."  The  lands  were  obtained  by 
purchase  of  the  aborigines,  the  deed  bearing  date 
24th  March,  1638,  the  settlers  "  having  bought 
them  off  to  their  full  satisfaction."  At  first  estab- 
lished at  the  north  end  of  the  island,  the  govern- 
ment was,  the  following  April,  transferred  to  the 
.south  end,  which  received  the  name  of  Newport. 
When  in  lf)47  the  island  was  united,  under  the 
charter  of  1643,  in  a  confederacy  with  the  other 
towns  included  in  what  afterwards  became  the  State 
of  Rhode  Island,  the  government  of  the  united 
towns  was  framed  by  some  one  on  the  island.  It 
is  generally  supposed,  and  for  good  reasons,  that 
Mr.  Clarke  was  the  author  of  the  government 
framed,  both  of  the  code  of  laws  and  of  the  means 
of  enforcing  it.  "  From  the  islanders,"  says  Gov. 
Arnold  in  his  history,  "  had  emanated  the  code  of 
laws,  and  to  them  it  was  intrusted  to  perfect  the 
means  of  enforcing  that  code."  The  code,  which 
has  received  from  most  competent  judges  the  high- 
est praise,  concludes  with  these  words :  ''  And 
otherwise  than  thus  what  is  herein  forbidden,  all 
men  may  walk  as  their  con-sciences  persuade  them, 
every  one  in  the  name  of  his  God.  And  let  the 
saints  of  the  Most  High  walk  in  this  colony  with- 
out molestation,  in  the  name  of  Jehovah,  their  God, 
for  ever  and  ever." 

While  constantly  busy  with  the  affairs  of  state, 
Mr.  Clarke  did  not  neglect  the  higher  claims  of 
religion.  He  is  spoken  of  by  early  writers  as  the 
religious  teacher  of  the  people,  and  as  such  from 
the  beginning.  A  church  was  gathered  in  1638, 
probably  early  in  the  year,  of  which  Jlr.  Clarke 
became  pastor  or  teaching  elder.  Ho  is  mentioned 
(in  1638)  as  "  preacher  to  those  of  the  island,"  as 
"  their  minister,"  as  "  elder  of  the  church  there." 
Mr.  Lechford  writes  in  1640.  after  having  made  a 
tour  through  New  England,  that  '"at  the  island 
.  .  .  there  is  a  church  where  one  Master  Clarke  is 
pastor."  On  his  return  to  England,  he  adds,  when 
revising  his  manuscript  for  the  press,  that  he  heard 
that  this  church  is  dissolved.  A  report  had  doubt- 
less reached  him  of  the  controversy  which  had  arisen 
on  the  island  respecting  the  authority  of  the  Bible 
and  the  existence  upon  earth  of  a  visible  church, 
when  some  became  Seekers  and  afterwards  Quakers. 
Missionary  tours  were  made  in  various  directions, 
and  numbers  were  added  to  the  church  from  sec- 
tions quite  remote,  as  from  Rehoboth,  Kingham, 
Weymouth.  Some  of  them  continued  to  live  at  a 
distance.     One  of  these  was  William  AVitter,  whose 


CLARKE 


2i9 


CLARKE 


home  Wiis  in  Lynn.  Becoming  infirni  he  was  vis- 
ited by  his  jiastoi',  Mr.  Clarke,  in  1051,  who  reached 
his  house  the  I'.'tli  of  July,  accompanied  liy  Olxidiah 
Holmes  and  John  C'randall,  elders  in  the  church. 
The  three  visitors  were  summarily  arrested,  and 
without  there  being  produced  "either  accuser,  wit- 
ness, jury,  law  of  God,  or  man,"  were  sentenced. 
'I'hey  were  each  to  pay  a  fine,  "  or  else  to  be  well 
whipped."  Some  one  unknown  to  him  paid,  it 
is  said,  Mr.  Clarke's  fine  of  twenty  jiounds.  At 
any  rate  he  was,  after  a  detention  reaching  into  the 
middle  of  August,  set  free  as  summarily  as  he  liad 
been  apprehended.  lie  had  hoped  for  the  sake  of 
the  truth  that  there  might  I)e  a  public  disputation, 
his  last  communication  on  the  subject  to  the  gov- 
ernor and  his  advisers  beingdatod  from  prison,  14th 
August.  Though  disappointed  in  this  hope,  the 
results  of  the  visit  were  far-reaching  and  most 
gratifying.  Many  eyes  were  opened  to  the  truth, 
and  ''divers  were  put  upon  a  way  of  inquiry." 

Meanwhile  the  cobmy  was  in  peril,  its  govern- 
ment in  jeopardy,  and  its  very  life  threatened.  On 
his  return  from  Lynn  he  was  importuned  to  go  to 
England  and  represent  the  infant  colony  at  the 
English  court,  and.  complying  with  the  request,  set 
sail  in  November,  Ki.^l.  The  following  year,  l(3o2. 
his  famous  work  in  defense  of  liberty  of  conscience, 
entitled  "'111  News  from  New  p^ngland,"  etc.,  was 
pul)lished  in  Londnn.  The  immediate  object  of  his 
visit — the  revocation  of  Gov.  Coddington's  com- 
mission— having  been  attained,  he  continued  to 
reside  abroad  to  watch  over  the  imperiled  interests 
of  the  unique  State,  and  succeeded  not  only  in 
parrying  the  attacks  of  enemies,  but  in  gaining  for 
it  a  substantial  advantage  over  its  nlder  and  more 
powerful  rivals.  The  boundaries  of  the  State  were 
even  enl.arged.  The  charter  obtained  in  1603  guar- 
anteed to  the  peo))le  privileges  unparalleled  in  the 
history  of  the  world.  It  is  an  eviilence  of  his  skill 
in  diplomacy  that  he  could  obtain  from  King 
Charles,  against  the  earnest  pr.ayers  ofthe  older 
colonies,  a  charter  that  declared  "  that  no  person 
within  the  said  colony,  at  any  time  hereafter,  shall 
be  anywise  molested,  punished,  disquieted,  or  called 
in  question  for  any  differences  of  opinion  or  mat- 
ters of  religion."  In  the  second  of  two  addresses 
presented  to  tlie  king  he  said  respecting  his  colony, 
that  it  desires  "  to  bo  permitted  to  hold  forth  in  a 
lively  experiment  that  a  flourishing  civil  state  may 
stand,  yea,  and  best  be  maintained,  and  that  among 
English  spirits,  with  a  full  liberty  nf  religious  con- 
cernments." To  these  labors  in  England  liiseolony 
was  deeply  indebted,  owed  indeed  its  existence. 
Yet  they  have  never  been  duly  appreciated,  \vn- 
have  the  diflieulties  environing  his  way  been  suffi- 
ciently considered.  The  consummate  fruit  of  his 
toils — the  securing  of  the  great  charter — has  even 
been  ascribed  to  anotlier,  as  indeeil  liave  also  the 


results  of  others  of  his  labors.  The  charter  was 
received  by  the  colony  with  puljlic  demonstrations 
of  great  joy. 

Ilis  return  home  in  July,  1604,  after  an  absence 
of  more  than  twelve  years,  was  hailed  with  delight. 
He  was  immediately  elected  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly, and  r»-elected  year  by  year  until  1069,  when 
he  became  deputj'-governor,  and  again  in  10"  1. 
During  these  years  he  performed  much  importtiiit 
public  service;  was  in  1004  the  chief  commissioner 
for  determining  the  western  boundary  of  the  State, 
and  the  same  year  chairman  of  a  committee  to  cod- 
ify the  laws ;  two  years  later  he  was  appointed 
alone  "to compose  all  the  laws  into  a  good  method 
and  order,  leaving  out  what  may  be  superfluous, 
and  adding  what  may  appear  unto  him  necessary." 
Although  he  retired  from  public  life  in  1072,  his 
counsels  were  still  sought  in  emergencies.  Only 
six  days  before  his  death  he  was  summoned  to  at- 
tend a  meeting  of  the  General  Assembly,  which 
desired  '"  to  have  the  advice  and  concurrence  of  the 
most  judicious  inhabitants  in  the  troublous  times 
and  straits  into  which  the  colony  has  been  brought." 
He  died  suddenly,  April  20,  1676,  leaving  most  of 
his  property  in  the  hands  of  trustees  for  religious 
and  educational  purposes.  His  last  act  was  in 
harmony  with  one  of  the  first  on  the  colony's  rec- 
ords, whii'h  was  to  establish  a  free  .school,  said  to 
h.ave  been  the  first  in  America,  if  not  in  the  world. 

He  was  a  man  of  commanding  ability,  and  from 
first  to  last  planned  wisely  and  well  for  his  colony. 
His  endowments  of  both  mind  and  heart  were  of  .i 
very  high  order.  He  was  "an  advanced  student 
of  Hebrew  and  Greek.''  Arnold  says,  "  He  was  a 
ripe  scholar,  learned  in  the  pr.actice  of  two  profes- 
sions, besides  having  had  large  experience  in  diplo- 
matic and  political  life.  .  .  .  With  all  his  public 
pursuits,  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  original 
profession  as  a  physician,  and  also  retained  the 
pastoral  charge  of  his  church.  He  left  a  confession 
of  his  faith,  from  which  it  appears  that  he  was 
strongly  Calvinistic  in  doctrine."  His  views  of 
Christian  doctrine  have  been  pronounced  "  so  clear 
and  Scriptural  that  they  m'ght  stand  as  the  confes- 
sion of  faith  of  Baptists  to-day,  after  more  than 
two  centuries  of  experience  and  investigation.'' 
He  has,  and  perhaps  not  inaptly,  been  called  the 
"  Father  of  American  Baptists."  And  his,  it  has 
been  claimed,  "  is  the  glory  of  first  showing  in  an 
actual  government  that  the  best  safeguards  of  per- 
sonal rights  is  Christian  law."  Allen  (Biog.  Diet.) 
s.ays,  "  He  possessed  the  singular  honor  of  contrib- 
uting much  towards  establishing  the  first  govern- 
ment upon  the  earth  which  gave  equal  liberty,  civil 
and  religious,  to  all  men  living  under  it."  Backus: 
"  He  was  a  principal  procurer  of  Rhode  Island  for 
sufferers  and  exiles."  Bancroft:  "Never  did  a 
young    commonwealth    possess    a    more    faithful 


CLARKE 


230 


CLARKE 


friend."  Palfrey,  altIiou;rh  unu;enerous  ami  unjust 
in  his  juil;;uicnts  upon  llliddo  Island  affairs  and 
Uliode  Island  men,  and  especially  toward  Mr. 
Clarke,  is  constrained  to  admit  that  he  "  had  some 
claim  to  be  called  the  father  of  Rhode  Island  ;" 
and  that  "  for  many  years  before  his  death  he  had 
been  the  most  important  citizen  of  his  colonv." 
Arnold  says  he  was  "one  of  the  ablest  n\en  of  the 
seventeenth  century."  "  His  character  ami  talents 
appear  more  exalted  tlio  more  closely  they  are  ex- 
amined." 

See.,  for  fuller  details,  besides  general  histories, 
especially  Backus's  "  History  of  the  Baptists,"  sec- 
ond edition,  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  character  by 
Rev.  C.  E.  Barrows,  in  the  Baptist  Qiuivterlji  for 
1872  (vol.  vi.  pp.  481-502)  ;  for  a  vijrorous  discus- 
sion of  his  place  in  history,  articles  in  the  same 
periodical  for  1870  (vol.  x.  pp.  181-204,  257-281), 
by  Prof  J.  C.  C.  Clarke,  under  the  title  of  ''The 
Pioneer  Baptist  Statesman"  ;  for  a  tliorouj;h  review 
of  the  visit  to  Lynn  and  the  adverse  criticisms 
thereon,  a  pamphlet  of  39  pages,  by  II.  M.  King, 
B.D.,  published  in  1880.  A  full  memoir  of  Mr. 
Clarke's  life  and  times  is  still  a  desideratum. 

Clarke,  Prof.  John  C.  C,  of  Shurtleff  College, 
was  horn  at  Pniviilencc,  R.  I.,  Feb.  27,  1833,  being 
descended  from  .Joseph  Clarke,  a  brother  of  Dr. 
John  Clarke,  one  of  the  founders  of  Newport.  He 
graduated  at  the  public  school  in  Providence,  and 
showed  then  bis  predilections. as  a  student  by  taking 
up  independently  such  languages  as  French  and 
Spanish,  acquiring  in  private  study  a  free  use  of 
them.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  Xew 
York  City  as  clerk  in  the  importing  house  of  Booth 
&  Edgar,  remaining  there  .some  four  years.  In 
18.53  he  was  converted  and  baptized  in  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Strong  Place  church,  Brooklyn.  De- 
ciding to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  he  entered  the 
University  of  Rochester  in  1855,  and  graduated  in 
18.50,  having  taken  the  second  prize  in  the  .Sopho- 
more class  fir  L;itln,  and  the  first  junior  prize  for 
Greek.  He  grailuateil  from  the  seminary  in  1S61, 
and  in  September  of  that  year  w.as  called  to  Yonk- 
ers,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  four  years,  the 
church  having  meanwhile  a  large  growth.  Remov- 
in;;  then  to  Cliicagn,  he  served  one  year  as  Professor 
of  Greek  in  the  university.  Prof  Misen  being  en- 
gaged in  the  general  service  of  the  institution.  In 
18t'i6,  in  connection  with  the  supply  of  the  North 
Baptist  church,  Chicago,  he  was  associated  with 
Dr.  Colver  in  giving  theological  instruction  at  the 
university.  Dr.  Colver  removing  to  Richmond, 
Prof  Clarke  entered  the  pastorate  at  Madison, 
Wis.,  i-emaining  there  until  the  winter  of  1870-71, 
the  church  in  the  mean  time  paying  off  an  old  di^lit 
and  improving  its  house  of  worship,  while  about 
fifty  were  added  by  baptism.  In  1871  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Mount  Auburn  church,  Cincinnati, 


teaching  metaphysics  and  moral  philosophy  at  the 
Young  Ladies'  Institute  there.  In  1873  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Beaumont  Street  church,  St.  Louis, 
and  in  1875  to  the  professorship  in  Shurtleff  Col- 
lege, which  he  now  fills.  Among  Prof  Clarke's 
writings  may  be  mentioned  essays  in  different  re- 
views upon  "  Platoiiism  and  Early  Christianity," 
"  History  in  Alpbaliet,  '  "  The  Pioneer  Statesmen," 
"John  Clarke  of  Newport,"  besides  various  con- 
tributions to  the  weekly  press.  He  is  an  exact 
scholar,  an  inspiring  teacher,  a  man  of  refined 
tastes,  and  highly  esteemed  in  all  relations. 

Clarke,  Judge  John  T.,  the  son  of  James 
Clarke  and  I'ernielia  T.  WiUborn,  a  native  of 
Georgia,  was  born  -Tan.  12,  1834.  He  was  educated 
in  Mercer  University  and  in  Columbian  College, 
D.  C,  graduating  in  the  former  institution  in  July, 
1853,  and  sharing  the  first  honor  with  Henry  T. 
AVimberly  and  J.  H.  Kilpatrick.  He  was  .admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1S54,  and  entered  into  partnership 
with  his  uncle.  Judge  M.-J.  Wellborn,  in  Columbus. 
In  1858  he  abandoned  the  law  for  the  ministry, 
while  practising  at  Lumpkin,  and  accepted  the 
charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  cliurch  in  Atlanta, 
in  January,  1S59,  having  been  ordained  in  1858. 
Throat  disease  terminated  his  pastorate  at  the  end 
of  two  years,  when  be  retired  to  the  country  and 
rusticated  until  January,  1803,  preaching  only  oc- 
casionally. Gov.  Jos.  E.  Brown  appointed  him 
judge  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  the  Pataula  circuit 
in  Januiiry,  1803,  to  which  position  he  was  elected 
in  March,  1807,  receiving  a  new  commission  for 
four  years.  During  the  time  when  Gen.  Meade  was 
placeil  in  charge  of  the  military  district,  of  which 
Georgia  was  a  part,  some  general  orders  were  issued 
by  him  which  Judge  Clarke  felt  conscientiously 
bound  to  ignore  ;  and,  when  another  order  was 
given  threatening  trial  by  a  military  commission, 
and  punishment  by  fine  and  imprisonment  for  all 
judges  who  disregarded  the  military  orders  of  Gen. 
Meade.  .Judge  Clarke  adjourned  tbe  courts  of  Early 
and  Miller  Counties,  on  tbe  ground  that  the  "'  ille- 
gal, unconstitutional,  oppressive,  and  dangerous" 
orders  of  Gen.  Meade  deprived  the  court  of  freeiiom 
of  action.  For  this  he  was  removed  from  office  liy 
Gen.  Jleade.  In  1808  he  returned  to  the  practice  of 
law,  in  which  he  is  still  engaged  ;  but  he  lias  always 
preached,  even  when  holding  courts,  if  an  opportu- 
nity permitted.  Judge  Clarke  has  represented  his 
district  in  the  State  senate  with  honor  to  himself 
lie  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mcrcor 
University,  and  is  mainly  to  be  credited  with  the 
passage,  at  the  Convention,  of  that  resolution  which 
resulted  in  the  removal  of  Mercer  University  from 
Penfield  to  Macon.  , 

Judge  Clarke  h.is  always  been  an  active  church 
member,  and  for  years  has  been  an  efficient  Sun- 
day-school superintendent.     He  is  a  fine  speaker. 


CLARKE 


231 


CLAY 


a  good  Latin,  Greek,  and  French  scholar,  and  has 
some  knowledge  of  Gerin-.in,  IIel)re\v,  and  Italian. 
lie  i.s  well  read  in  polite  literature,  is  a  graceful 
and  strong  writer,  possesses  a  quick,  discriminating, 
logical,  and  resolute  mind,  and,  as  a  business  man, 
is  well  known  for  his  energy,  accuracy,  and  in- 
tegrity. 

Clarke,  Rev.  Miner  G. — After  some  forty  years 
of  rcinarkiilily  effijiont  service,  Mr.  Clarke  is  now 
spending  the  evening  of  life  at  .Sandwich,  III.,  un- 
able, through  infirmity  of  health,  to  share  as  for- 
merly in  the  work,  but  still  deeply  interested  in  all 
that  concerns  the  prosperity  of  Christ's  cause.  He 
was  horn  Dec.  9,  1809,  at  AVoodstock,  Conn.,  and 
is  descended  from  the  same  family  stock  as  the 
ivev.  John  Clarke,  who,  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
gatiicred  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Newport,  R.  I. 
Mr.  Clarke  was  converted  when  but  a  youth,  and 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Atwell.  lie  studied  at 
Xewton,  graduating  there  in  1837.  Thrown  upon 
his  own  resources  during  this  five  years'  course  of 
study,  his  health  was  injured  by  overwork,  and  the 
consequences  have  continued  to  be  felt  during  his 
whole  life  since.  lie  was  ordained  in  the  autumn 
of  1837  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Suffield, 
Conn.  ;  liis  health  failing,  he  was  obliged  to  resign 
his  pastorate  after  a  brief  service.  Rest  having  in 
some  degree  restored  him,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
Grafton,  >^a.ss.  Here  he  gathered  a  Baptist  church, 
and,  in  the  cr,;;rse  of  an  eighteen  months'  pastor- 
ate, saw  a  Nourishing  Sunday-school  established 
and  a  nea^  and  tasteful  bouse  of  worship  built. 
Health  again  failed,  so  tliat  a  suspension  of  labor 
became  ne^es^ary.  After  his  strength  had  been  in 
some  measure  re-established,  he  was  called  to  the 
work  of  gathering  a  church  in  the  centre  of  Nor- 
wich City,  Conn.  The  result  w.os  the  organization 
of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  that  city,  in 
whose  forty  years  of  blessed  history  he  i"  now 
permitted  to  rejoice.  The  first  six  j'cars  of  that 
history,  under  his  own  pastorate,  during  which 
time  hundreds  were  baptized,  old  dissensions 
healed,  and  two  flourishing  Baptist  churches  made 
to  stand  where  before  were  only  the  dtbriis  of 
p.ist  mistakes  and  failures,  must  be  regarded  as 
having  largely  determined  the  direction  and  the 
character  of  that  which  has  since  followed.  After 
six  years  in  that  pastorate,  a  like  service  called 
him  to  Springfield,  Mass.  Accepting  the  care 
of  the  First  church  in  that  city,  by  a  change 
of  location  and  methods  of  work,  and  the  erec- 
tion of  a  fine  new  house  of  worship,  with  large 
additions  to  the  chnrch,  a  new  face  was  put  upon 
the  Baptist  cause  there.  Failure  of  health  again 
compelled  a  suspension  of  labor,  but  rest  having  in 
a  measure  restored  him,  after  supplying  for  a  time 
the  pulpit  of  the  First  chnrch,  Williamsburgh, 
made  vacant  by  the  lamented  death  of  Rev.  M.  J. 


Rhees,  and  after  some  month.s'  service  for  the  Bible 
Society,  as  its  financial  secretary,  he  .accepted  the 
call  of  the  Tabernacle  church,  Philadelphia,  and 
removed  to  that  city  in  1851.  A  five-years'  pros- 
perous pastorate  fullowed.  Constant  additions  to 
the  church  rewarded  the  devoted  joint  labor  of 
pjistor  and  people,  the  present  beautiful  and  con- 
venient house  was  built,  and  congregations  gathered 
which  filled  its  pews.  With  the  labors  of  this  pas- 
torate was  associated  service  upon  the  board  of  the 
Publication  Society,  and  in  other  spheres  of  impor- 
tant public  duty.  In  1856  the  state  of  his  health 
made  another  change  necessary.  Removing  to 
Indianapolis,  he  established  there  tli«  Wilncus,  a 
Baptist  weekly,  and  conducted  it  during  six  years 
with  admirable  skill  and  with  most  excellent  effect, 
as  regards  denominational  interests  in  In<liana  and 
the  West.  After  six  years,  believing  that  a  resi- 
dence near  the  lakes  would  benefit  his  health,  he 
sold  the  Witness  to  Rev.  E.  AY.  Clark,  and  removed 
to  Chicago,  entering  info  business  in  that  city  with 
bis  sons,  and  associating  with  this,  important  ser- 
vice as  financial  secrct.ary  of  the  university.  With 
this,  a  brief  pastorate  at  Evanston,  near  Chicago, 
and  four  years'  service  as  financial  secretary  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society  for  New  York,  his  .active 
labors  reached  a  close.  An  injury  received  in  New 
York  City,  followed  by  nervous  prostration,  left 
him  no  alternative,  and  retiring  fmni  public  service, 
he  made  his  home  at  Sandwich.  III.  Remembered 
with  admiration  and  affection  by  his  .associates  in 
many  spheres  of  service,  he  now  (1880)  awaits  the 
higher  call. 

Clarke,  Rev.  N.  L.,  pastor  at  Decatur.  Miss., 
for  tlie  past  thirty-three  years,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1812;  settled  in  Mississippi  in  I.S40, 
and  the  year  following  was  ordained.  His  laliors 
have  been  chiefly  confined  to  the  counties  of  Kem- 
per, Neshoba.  Leake,  Scott,  Newton,  Lauderdale, 
Clarke,  Jasper,  .Jones,  Covington.  Simpson,  Smith, 
and  Rankin,  and  the  .adjoining  parts  of  Alabama. 
He  has  baptized  over  one  thousand  persons  ;  aided 
in  constituting  between  forty-five  .and  fifty  churches; 
■about  forty  of  which  were  gathered  by  bis  own 
Labors  ;  has  presided  as  moderator  of  Mount  Pisgah 
Association  twenty-four  years,  and  of  the  General 
Association  of  Mississippi  from  its  organization  ; 
he  has  also  been  associate  editor  of  the  Southern 
Baptist. 

Clay,  Judge  Joseph. — This  distinguished  min- 
ister of  the  gospel  was  born  in  Savannah,  .Aug.  10, 
176+.  His  father  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  he 
was  also  an  eminent  lawyer  and  an  esteemed  judge. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  graduated  at  Princeton, 
with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class,  in  1784.  After 
admission  to  the  bar  he  soon  became  one  of  the 
ablest  and  most  popular  lawyers  in  Georgia,  and 
his  reputation  reached  the  most  distant  parts  of  his 


CLAY 


232 


CLEVELAND 


country.  In  179(3  he  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  tiie  district  of  Georgia,  by  President 
George  Washington.  He  held  this  position  for 
about  five  years,  the  duties  of  wliich  he  discharged 
with  such  wisdom  and  uprightness  as  secured  for 
him  the  respect  of  all  good  citizens. 

In  1.S(I3  the  Spirit  of  God  led  hira  to  see  his  sin- 
fulness, and  to  trust  the  precious  Saviour  for  sal- 
vation ;  and  though  brought  up  under  Pedobaptist 
influence,  like  many  other  men  of  culture,  he  united 
with  the  Baptists,  and  soon  after  he  was  ordained 
to  tiie  ministry,  -and  became  assistant  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  cluirch  of  Savannah.  In  1806  he 
visited  New  'England  and  pi;eached  in  many  of 
the  principal  centres  of  population,  to  the  great 
spiritual  enjoyment  of  the  large  congregations  that 
lieard  his  blessed  teachings.  He  was  for  a  time 
associate  pastor  with  Dr.  Samuel  Stillman  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Boston,  and  in  August, 
ISOT,  he  became  his  successor.  His  health  per- 
mitted him  only  for  a  short  period  to  discharge  tlie 
duties  of  hisoflice  ;  but  during  that  time  throngs  of 
the  intelligent  and  refined  waited  on  his  ministra- 
tions, and  Christians  of  all  conditions  heard  him 
gladly.  His  residence  in  Boston  was  a  great  bless- 
ing to  the  Baptists  and  to  the  whole  city. 

He  bad  a  commanding  appearance,  an  eye  of 
singular  beauty,  a  heart  overflowing  witli  tender- 
ness, and  an  eloquence  that  moved  the  congrega- 
tions which  ho  addressed  to  tears  or  ecstasies  at 
his  pleasui-e.  He  had  a  spirit  of  deep  Inimility, 
and  as  he  believed  that  the  love  of  Christ  had  pur- 
chased and  applied  bis  salvation,  and  would  cer- 
tainly render  it  triumphant,  bo  was  i-eady  to  give 
up  all  the  errors  of  his  Episcopalian  education 
and  unite  with  the  first  denomination  of  Christians 
that  ever  followed  Jesus ;  and  he  was  fully  pre- 
pared to  renounce  the  honors  and  emoluments  of  a 
distinguished  lawyer,  who  had  occupied  the  posi- 
tion of  a  United  States  judge,  that  he  might  preach 
Jesus  to  the  )ierisbing. 

Clay,  Rev.  Porter,  was  the  brother  of  Henry 
Clay,  and  the  fifth  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Clay,  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  Hanover  Co.,  Va.  He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  March,  1770,  and  removed  to  Kentucky 
in  early  life  with  his  mother  and  her  husliand,  and 
reached  manhooil  in  that  State,  where  so  many  Vir- 
ginia Baptists  found  homes.  He  studied  the  legal 
profession,  and  received  the  appointment  of  Auditor 
of  Public  Accounts  from  Governor  Slaughter,  a  dis- 
tinguished Baptist.  The  position  was  highly  re- 
spectable, and  financially  one  of  the  best  in  the 
State.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hardin, 
the  widow  of  Hon.  M.  D.  Hardin,  formerly  a  Sen.v 
tor  of  the  United  States,  who  brouglit  him  the  occu- 
pancy of  "  one  of  the  best  farms  in  Kentucky." 

He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1815,  and  soon 
after  gave  liimself  to  the  ministry  of  the  Word.     He 


was  a  popular  preacher,  greatly  esteemed  by  the 
churches  which  ho  served.  After  he  had  lost  all 
liis  property,  his  brother  Henry  ofifered  him  "  a  resi- 
dence and  the  means  of  support  at  Ashland,  but 
he  declined  it,  saying,  'he  owed  his  service  to  God, 
and  he  would  take  care  of  liim.'  Nor  was  he  dis- 
appointed.'' He  died  in  1S50,  in  the  full  enjoyment 
of  the  Christian's  hope. — From  a  sketch  wriltun  Inj 
Hcnrij  Clay. 

Clemmons,  A.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Shelbyville, 
Tenn.,  Sept.  14,  1822 :  educated  at  Shelbyville 
Academy ;  professed  religion  when  seventeen  years 
old;  commenced  pveacbiug  in  his  twentieth  year; 
ordained  at  New  Bethel  church,  Noxubee  Co., 
Miss.,  in  1844;  ministered  to  New  Bethel  church, 
Miss.  ;  Lcwisville  church,  Ark.  ;  Mount  Lebanon 
and  Meriden  churches,  La. :  performed  hard  and 
useful  service  as  a  missionary  in  Mississippi  and 
Arkansas,  and  as  agent  for  the  endowment  of  Mount 
Lebanon  University,  La.  ;  served  Marshall  church, 
Te.xas,  from  18.5.5  to  1861,  and  180.5-69;  was  chap- 
lain of  the  3d  Texas  Regiment  during  the  war; 
was  pastor  of  Shreveport  church.  La.,  from  1869 
to  1874 :  has  been  pastor  of  Longview  church, 
Texas,  since  1874.  Although  in  charge  of  this 
church  and  others  during  his  residence  in  Texas, 
he  has  lived  at  Marshall  twenty-one  years.  Re- 
ceived the  degree  of  D.I),  from  Waco  University. 
He  is  moderator  of  Loda  Lake  Association,  was 
president  of  the  General  Association  of  Texas  a 
number  of  years,  and  is  now  president  of  East 
Texas  Convention.  He  has  served  vari<ius  Baptist 
bodies  as  agent,  and  aided  in  tlie  establishment  of 
several  Baptist  schools.  He  has  been  a  prominent, 
popular,  laborious,  and  able  preacher  from  his  or- 
dination up  to  the  present  time,  and  exercises  a 
commanding  influence  in  Eastern  Texas. 

Cleveland,  W.  C,  M.D.,  D.D.,  a  native  of 
Dallas  Co.,  Ala.,  was  born  June  22,  1835.  His 
father,  Deacon  Carter  W.  Cleveland  (deceased), 
was  one  of  tlie  most  prominent  citizens  of  that 
county,  and  one  of  the  most  influential  laymen  in 
the  State;  he  was  wealthy,  intelligent,  wise,  and 
upright.  Dr.  Cleveland  graduated  when  a  youth 
in  the  University  of  Alabama,  and  in  medicine 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  arose  to  distinc- 
tion as  a  physician.  He  abandoned  that  profes- 
sion and  entered  the  ministry  in  1SG9;  was  called 
immediately  to  Carlowville;  soon  after  and  for 
several  years  his  time  as  pastor  was  divided  be- 
tween that  ]>lace.  Snow  Hill,  and  Pleasant  Hill, — 
three  village  churches  in  refined  and  intelligent 
communities, — -where  most  gratifying  results  at- 
tended his  ministrations.  Some  four  years  since 
he  was  called  to  the  church  in  the  city  of  Selnia, 
where  lie  labors  with  distinguished  ability  and  suc- 
cess in  charge  of  a  church  which  has  become  second 
to  none  in  the  State.     The  title  of  D.D.  was  eon- 


CLIFT 


233 


C LOFTON 


ferred  on  him  by  Howard  College  in  1875.  Dr. 
Cleveland  is  an  acconiplished  Christian  gentleman, 
of  courtly  bearing,  of  eminent  consecration  and 
piety,  a  laboriou-s  and  wise  pastor,  standing  in  the 
front  rank  of  the  Southern  Baptist  pulpit.  Re- 
garded in  Alabama  as  among  the  very  best  preach- 
ers and  safest  counselors,  taking  hold  of  all  our 
denominational  interests  with  zeal  and  determina- 
tion, he  exerts  the  highest  inHuence.  None  is  more 
trusted,  none  more  able,  none  from  whom  more  is 
expected. 

Clift,  Hon.  Amos,  son  of  Capt.  Amos  and 
Thankful  (Denison)  Clift,  was  born  in  Groton, 
Aug.  7,  iNO.'i;  became  a  distinguished  master- 
builder;  in  military  life  rose  to  be  colonel  of  8th 
Regiment  of  Connecticut  militia  ;  filled,  first  and 
last,  nearly  every  town  office ;  was  representative 
in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State ;  became 
judge  of  the  Probate  Court ;  greatly  interested  in 
educational  and  religious  affairs  :  converted  and 
baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen  ;  first  a  member  of 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  afterwards  of 
Third  church  ;  died  at  his  residence  in  Groton, 
Aug.  18,  1878,  aged  seventy-three  years ;  a  man 
of  honor  and  of  wide  influence. 

Clinch,  Charles  F.,  Esq.,  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Musquash,  St.  John  Co.,  Xew 
Brunswick;  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Conven- 
tion of  the  Maritime  Provinces  for  the  year  ending 
August,  ISSO ;  is  a  liberal  supporter  of  home  mis- 
sions and  all  other  benevolent  operations  of  the 
Baptist  denomination. 

Clinic  Baptism. — This  baptism  received  its 
name  from  the  Greek  word  iOJ.i'ri^  a  bed,  because 
the  sick  persons  who  received  it  were  generally 
unable  to  move  from  their  beds.  It  was  regarded 
as  a  defective  baptism,  Eusebius  says,  "It  was 
not  lawful  to  promote  one  baptized  by  pouring  on 
his  sick-bed  to  any  order  of  the  clergy."  (Eccles. 
Hist.,  lib.  vi.  43,  p.  244.  Parisiis,  1059.)  And  in 
the  same  chapter  he  declares  his  approbation  of 
the  opinion  of  Cornelius,  bishop  of  Rome,  in  which 
he  expresses  doubts  about  the  validity  of  the 
famous  clinic  baptism  of  Novatian,  when  he  was 
poured  around  (^pn:^")  in  a  time  of  sickness,  and 
he  adds,  "  If  indeed  it  be  proper  to  say  that  one 
like  him  did  receive  baptism.'' 

Some  greeted  these  persons  on  recovery  with  con- 
tempt and  ridicule,  and  called  them  Clinics  instead 
of  Chrislians.  Cyprian  denounces  such  treatment. 
"  As  to  the  nickname,''  Siivs  he,  "  which  some 
have  thought  fit  to  fix  upon  those  who  have  thus 
(by  baptism  on  their  beds)  obtained  the  grace  of 
Christ  through  his  saving  water  and  through  faith 
in  him,  and  their  calling  such  persons  Clinics  in- 
stead of  Chrislian.i,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  find  the  orig- 
inal of  this  appellation,"  etc.  (Ep.  7t',  ad  Magnum, 
pp.  121,  122.  Colonife,  1607.)  Clinic  baptism  ap- 
16 


pears  more  frequently  in  modern  controversy  than 
the  extent  of  its  use  justified.  It  was  regarded  as 
a  doubtful,  defective,  and  cowardly  baptism,  sub- 
jecting the  recipient  to  the  sneers  of  his  acquaint- 
ances if  he  recovered,  and  as  a  consequence  it  wa.s 
very  little  practised.  Novatian's  case  is  by  far  the 
most  prominent ;  the  other  allusions  to  the  abor- 
tive rite  are  so  rare  among  the  ancients  who  per- 
formed it  that  it  is  scarcely  worthy  of  notice.  But 
while  it  existed  it  was  abundant  proof  that  the 
baptism  of  unconscious  infants  was  either  unknown 
or  but  little  used.  If  almost  every  child,  as  in 
France  or  Italy  now,  was  baptized  in  infancy,  there 
could  be  no  room  for  baptizing  terrified  dying 
adults,  as  they  had  the  rite  already,  and  it  was  not 
lawful  to  repeat  it. 

Clopton,  Rev.  Abner  W.,  was  bom  in  Pittsyl- 
vania Co.,  \'a.,  March  24,  1784.  Until  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  attended  school  and  made  remarkably 
rapid  progress.  For  five  years  he  was  engaged  as 
clerk  in  a  store  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  homo. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  married, — a  most  unfor- 
tunate event,  as  it  afterwards  proved,  tingeing  with 
gloom  his  whole  after-life.  He  resolved  to  enter 
one  of  the  learned  professions  ;  prosecuted  a  clas- 
sical course  at  several  schools;  engaged  himself 
.is  teacher  in  South  Carolina,  and  entered,  about 
18U8,  the  Junior  class  .at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  where 
he  graduated,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.B.,  and 
afterwards  that  of  A.M.  Having  decided  to  enter 
the  medical  profession,  he  went  to  Philadelphia 
in  1811  to  attend  the  courses  of  lectures  there.  A 
severe  illness  brought  him  to  reflection  upon  his 
lost  condition,  and  was  the  means  of  his  conversion. 
He  returned  to  Virginia,  was  baptized  in  August, 
1812,  and  joined  the  Shockoe  church.  Soon  after 
he  was  engaged  as  tutor  at  Chapel  Hill,  and  began 
the  practice  of  medicine  under  very  favorable  au- 
spices. Another  severe  illness  brought  him  to  the 
decision  to  consecrate  himself  wholly  to  the  work 
of  his  Master,  which,  however,  was  not  carried 
into  effect  until  about  1823,  when,  receiving  an 
invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  several  churches 
in  Charlotte  Co.,  Va.,  he  settled  there.  Here  he 
was  eminently  successful  in  his  labors,  many  being 
converted  and  baptized,  and  the  churches  purified 
and  greatly  strengthened.  Shortly  after  his  set- 
tlement in  Virginia  he  became  deeply  interested  in 
the  promotion  of  the  tract  cause.  More  than  100 
societies  auxiliary  to  the  Baptist  General  Tract 
Society  were  formed  by  him  during  his  journey- 
inirs  in  Virginia.  He  was  also  instrumental  in 
bringing  many  excellent  books  into  circulation 
among  the  churches,  and  especially  Scott's  Com- 
mentary. He  was  deeply  interested  also  in  the 
temperance  movement.  With  several  other  pas- 
tors he  formed  the  Virginia  Society  for  the  Pro- 
motion of  Temperance,  a  few  mouths  only  after 


CLOUGH 


234 


CLOUGH 


the  organization  of  tlie  American  Teiiipcranoo  So- 
ciety. Hi;  traveled  evcrywliore  tlirougliout  the 
State,  and  had  tlie  pleasure  of  seeing  a  most 
marked  improvement  in  the  social  habits  of  the 
people.  In  1831  he  accepted  a  temporary  agency 
in  behalf  of  the  Columbian  College,  and,  though 
death  .sunn  removed  him  from  the  scene  of  his  la- 
liors,  he  was  quite  successful.  Besides  performing 
the  duties  of  agent  gratuitously,  ho  contributed 
himself  the  sum  of  .$3000  towards  its  funds.  He 
was  also  specially  active  in  the  erection  of  new  and 
more  commodious  buildings  for  public  worship,  and 
in  providing  ample  room  and  accommodations  for 
the  colored  members  of  his  congregations.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  greatly  successful.  His  sermons 
were  marked  by  simplicity,  pathos,  and  a  pointed 
practical  bearing,  and.  as  a  result,  many  were 
brought,  through  his  ministrations,  to  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  truth.  On  his  death-bed,  racked  with 
keen  agony,  ho  wrote  a  most  touching  letter  to  his 
aged  parents,  in  which  occur  these  words,  showing 
his  love  of  his  Lord  and  the  submissivoness  with 
which  he  yielded  himself  to  his  fatherly  chastise- 
ments :  "  On  other  occasions  of  distress  and  af- 
fliction my  mind  has  been  distracted  with  fear  and 
an.xiety  ;  but  in  this,  I  feel  neither  murmurs  nor 
repinings.  I  would  not  have  died  without  thi.*" 
affliction,  or  something  resembling  it,  on  any  con- 
sideration, believing  it  to  be  as  necessary  in  the 
scheme  of  my  salvation  as  the  atonement  of 
Christ." 

Again,  after  having  carefully  reviewod  his  life, 
useful  as  it  had  been  made  to  multitudes,  and  com- 
paring it  with  the  holy  law  of  God,  he  writes,  "  My 
heart  and  life  again  passed  in  review  before  me, 
and  I  appeared  to  myself  more  vile  than  I  suppose 
it  is  possible  for  you  to  conceive.  I  felt,  however, 
and  I  still  feel,  that  if  God  should  lock  me  up  in 
hell,  I  would  attempt  to  praise  him  there  for  his 
great  goodness  towards  me."  Of  tliis  faithful  la- 
borer in  the  Master's  vineyard  Or.  Jeter  says, 
"  He  was  one  of  the  most  devotedly  pious  men  he 
had  ever  known." 

Clough,  Rev,  John E.,  theTeloogoo  missionary, 
whose  laliors  in  the  East  have  produced  the  most 
extensive  harvests  gathered  in  any  heathen  field  in 
modern  times,  was  born  July  16,  1830,  near  Frews- 
bury,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  a  mere  child 
he  was  taken  to  Dlinois,  and  soon  after  to  Iowa. 
He  was  in  the  employment  of  the  United  States 
government  with  a  party  of  surveyors  in  Minnesota 
for  four  years,  and  during  this  period  he  became 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  their  business.  As  lie 
left  the  wilderness  he  resolved  to  perfect  his  educa- 
tion as  his  next  great  duty,  and  to  devote  himself 
to  the  legal  profession  as  his  life-work.  For  this 
purpose  he  entered  Burlington  Collegiate  Institute 
in  Iowa  in  1S57,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law 


in  1858.  In  the  college  "  his  attention  was  arrested 
by  the  difference  lietween  the  cliaracter  and  bearing 
of  the  por.sons  whom  he  had  just  left  and  those 
with  whom  he  was  now  brought  into  hourly  con- 
tact. Immediately  upon  this  came  the  unbidden 
query,  'Why  this  difference?'  What  is  it  that 
makes  everything  here  so  gentle,  kind,  and  pure  as 
compared  with  the  scenes  and  per.sons  recently 
left  ?  These  people  read  the  Bible  and  pray  to  God. 
Does  this  fact  point  to  the  source  of  the  contrast 
which  I  see  and  feel,  and  must  confess?  So  his 
thoughts  ran.  His  anxiety  at  length  drove  him  to 
the  Bible,  the  Bible  drew  him  to  the  throne  of 
grace,  and  to  the  life  and  love  of  a  bleeding  Kc- 
deemer,  and  that  Iledeemer  gave  him  ))eace  in  be- 
lieving." He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  (i.  J.  Johnson 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Burlington  church,  whose 
ministry  was  greatly  blessed  to  Mr.  Clough  in 
leading  him  to  Christ,  and  in  counseling  him  when 
he  founil  Jesus. 

After  his  conversion  he  felt  that  God  had  called 
him  to  be  a  minister,  and  to  proclaim  Jesus  to  the 
most  benighted  people  under  heaven.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Upper  Iowa  University  in  1802,  and  was 
appointed  a  missionary  to  India  in  August,  1864. 
He  arrived  in  that  country  in  March,  1865,  and 
labored  more  than  a  year  among  the  Teloogoos  at 
Nellore.  In  September,  1806,  he  removed  to 
Ongole,  and  on  the  1st  of  January,  18(57,  organized 
a  church  with  8  members;  that  community  at  the 
end  of  1879  had  13,106  members,  probably  the 
largest  church  in  the  world.  It  has  40  native 
preachers,  and  30  helpers  or  lay  preachers.  Of 
this  throng  of  converts,  3202  were  baptized  at 
Ongole  on  three  successive  days.  From  June  10 
to  July  31,  1878,  8691  persons  were  immersed  in 
the  name  of  the  Trinity.  In  this  mighty  work 
there  was  no  excitement,  and  no  efforts  to  press  the 
people  into  the  church.  Owing  to  special  aid 
which  Mr.  Clough  was  enabled  to  render  the  in- 
habitants in  a  dreadful  famine,  he  delayed  his  great 
baptisms  for  a  considerable  period,  and  sought  help 
from  his  missionary  brethren  to  make  a  careful 
and  protracted  examination  of  the  candidates.  A 
mighty  outpouring  of  the  Spirit  of  God  brought 
this  multitude  to  Jesus,  and  the  same  Spirit  is 
keeping  them  in  the  narrow  and  blessed  way.  Mr. 
Clough  was  the  chief  human  instrument  in  this 
marvelous  work.  And  he  still  toils  in  the  field 
where  grace  has  wrought  such  wonders. 

He  has  a  clear  intellect,  a  powerful  will,  an  or- 
derly mind,  and  a  heart  full  of  love  to  Jesus  and 
perishing  souls.  With  the  strictest  truth  he  might 
say,  "To  me  to  live  is  Christ,"  and  with  equal 
veracity  we  may  declare,  that  Christ  has  given 
eternal  life  through  his  ministry  to  the  greatest 
number  of  converts  ever  brought  into  his  fold,  in  so 
brief  a  space  by  the  labors  of  one  man. 


CLoris 


23C. 


COBB 


Clovis,  The  Baptism  of- — Clovis  I.  was  born 
iiljuiit  A.D.  i'M).  He  was  tlie  enterprising  nnd  daring 
chief  of  a  small  tribe  of  the  Franks  of  Tournai.  In 
a  projected  war  against  the  Alemanni,  in  496.  the 
Prankish  tribes  elected  him  general-in-chief.  during 
hostilities,  according  to  their  custom.  The  Ale- 
manni were  attacked  at  ZUlpich,  near  Cologne. 
The  battle  was  very  desperate,  and  Clovis  fearing 
defeat,  and  distrusting  his  idols,  prayed  to  the  God  I 
of  his  Christian  wife,  Clotilda,  for  the  victory.  ; 
He  routed  the  enemy,  and,  according  to  a  vow 
made  on  the  field  of  battle,  he  was  baptized  at 
Rheims,  with  a  large  number  of  his  soldiers  and 
others.  Hincmar,  archbishop  of  Kheinis,  in  the 
middle  of  the  ninth  century,  a  successor  of  Remi- 
gius  who  baptized  Clovis,  a  writer  of  great  talents, 
with  all  needful  information,  thus  describes  the 
most  important  event  in  the  early  history  of  France: 

'•  The  way  leading  to  the  baptistery  was  put  in 
order;  on  both  sides  it  wivs  hung  with  painted 
canvas  and  curtains ;  overhead  there  was  a  pro- 
tecting shade;  the  streets  were  leveled;  the  bap- 
tistery of  the  church  was  prep.ared  for  the  occasion, 
and  sprinkled  with  balsam  and  other  perfumes. 
Moreover,  the  Lord  bestowed  favor  on  the  people 
th.it  they  might  think  that  they  were  refreshed 
with  the  sweet  odors  of  Paradise. 

'■  The  holy  pontiff  Remigius,  holding  the  hand 
of  the  king,  went  forth  from  the  foyat  residence  to 
the  baptistery,  followed  by  the  queen  and  the  peo- 
ple :  the  holy  gospel.s  preceded  them,  with  all  hymns 
and  spiritual  songs  and  litanies,  and  the  names  of 
the  saints  were  loudly  invoked.  .  .  .  The  blessed 
Remigius  officiated  on  the  solemn  occasion.  .  .  . 
Clovis  having  entered  the  life-giving  fountain,  .  .  . 
after  confessing  the  orthodox  foith  in  answer  to 
questions  put  by  the  holy  pontiff,  was  baptized  by 
trine  immersion  according  to  ecclesiastical  usage 
(secundum  ecclesiasticam  morem,  baptizatus  est 
irina  mersione),  in  the  name  of  the  holy  and  undi- 
vided Trinity,  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  .Spirit.  .  .  . 
5Ioreover,  from  his  army  three  thousand  men  were 
baptized,  without  counting  women  and  children. 
His  sisters,  al.so,  Albofledis  and  Landeheldis,  were 
baptized."'  (Vita  .Sanct.  Remig.  Patrol.  Lat.,  vol. 
cxxv.  pp.  1160-61,  Migne.  Parisiis.) 

The  name  Clovis  is  the  same  as  Louis,  and,  no 
doubt,  the  candidate  baptized  by  Remigius  gave 
his  name  to  seventeen  subsequent  monarchs  of 
Fr.ince,  and  a  host  of  other  Frenchmen  and  Ger- 
mans. Clovis  was  the  first  king  of  the  Franks, 
and  his  baptism  is  commemorated  in  French 
paintings,  and  represented  in  pictures  in  French 
books,  and  distributed  throughout  the  nation  in 
handsome  engravings.  The  fine  steel  engraving 
from  which  the  picture  of  the  baptism  of  Clovis 
was  tiiken  was  purchased  for  the  writer  in  Paris. 
In    primary    French    histories    for    the   use    of 


schools  it  is  common  in  France  to  use  a  wood- 
cut representing  Clovis  in  a  baptistery  nearly 
full  of  water.  We  have  one  of  these  pictures. 
By  the  engraving  accompanying  this  article,  artis- 
tic, historic  France  testifies  that  immersion  was 
the  early  mode  of  baptism. 

Clowes,  Francis,  wa.s  born  at  Hcacham.  Nor- 
folk, England,  Jan.  10,  1805,  of  Baptist  parentage. 
He  entered  Bristol  College  to  prepare  for  the  min- 
istry, having  been  commended  by  the  church  in  his 
native  place,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  regular 
course  of  study  he  proceeded  to  Aberdeen  Univer- 
sity. He  returned  to  Bristol  in  1831  to  become 
pastor  of  the  Thrinell  Street  church,  and  labored 
there  until,  in  18.36,  he  was  appointed  classical  tutor 
of  Horton  College,  now  Rawilon.  lie  occupied  this 
post  until  1S.')1.  when  he  retired  in  failing  health. 
The  promotion  of  Baptist  periodical  literature  en- 
gaged his  hearty  sympathy.  He  took  a  leading 
part  in  establishing  and  maintaining  The  Church 
and  The  Appeal,  monthly  magazines,  and  after  his 
retirement  from  collegiate  work  he  became  one  of 
the  editors  of  The  Freeman,  AVith  this  weekly 
paper  he  was  connected  for  several  years,  and  ren- 
dered efficient  service  in  his  editori.il  capacity  to 
the  various  interests  of  the  denomination.  He  was 
ardent  and  impassioned  in  his  attachment  to  Bap- 
tist principles.     He  died  suddenly.  May  7,  1873. 

Coats,  ReV-  A.  J.,  is  an  eloquent,  laborious,  and 
successful  pastor,  located  al  Portland. Oregon,  where 
he  was  ordained  in  September.  1877.  The  church 
under  his  ministry  has  grown  very  rapidly  in  power 
and  numbers,  and  is  foremost  in  educational  and 
mission  work  for  the  city,  the  State,  and  the  world. 
lie  was  born  at  Schuyler  Lake,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  1, 
1847.  and  converted  in  1861.  He  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College,  Clinton.  X.  Y.,  in  1874,  and 
from  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1877. 

Cobb,  Gov.  Howell,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished of  all  the  great  men  whom  Georgia  has 
produced,  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Sept.  7, 
181.i.  His  father.  Col.  John  A.  Cobb,  was  a  native 
of  North  Carolina. 

Gov.  Cobb  graduated  at  the  State  University  of 
Geiirgia  in  the  year  1834.  taking  the  third  honor. 
In  1836  be  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  gave  such 
evidence  of  ability  and  legal  attainments  that  he 
was  elected  by  the  Legislature  solicitor-general  of 
the  Western  Circuit  in  the  year  following.  Ho 
held  the  office  for  three  years,  and  was  elected  to 
Congress  in  October,  1842.  taking  his  seat  December. 
1843.  He  was  chosen  .Speaker  of  the  House  in 
1849,  and  wixs  successively  re-elected  three  times. 
In  Congress  he  gained  great  celebrity  by  the  de- 
livery of  speeches  on  various  subjects ;  and  his 
election  to  the  speakership  was  a  flattering  tribute 
to  his  ability  and  integrity.  In  18ol  he  was  elected 
governor  of  Georgia  by  the  largest  majority  ever 


COBB 


237 


'COBB 


given  in  the  State  up  to  that  perio'I.  lie  was  re- 
elected to  Con;;ress  in  1855.  and  when  Mr.  Bu- 
chanan became  President,  in  1X57.  Mr.  Cobb  en- 
tered the  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
This  position  he  resigned  Dec.  6,  18*50,  and  returned 
to  Georj;ia. 

After  secession,  when  tlie  Provisional  Con<;ress 
roiivened  at  Montiromery,  Ala.,  Feb.  4,  1861,  to 
fonn  a  <;overninent  and  frame  a  constitution,  he 
was  elected  president.  When  the  war  began  Gov. 
Cobb  l)ecame  an  active  participant,  and  rose  from 
the  ranic  of  colonel  to  that  of  major-general.  After 
the  return  of  peace  he  resumed  the  practice  of  liis 
profession,  and  at  once  occupied  a  position  in  tlie 
front  rank  of  the  leijal  brotherhood.  He  died  sud- 
denly at  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  New  York,  while 
on  a  visit  to  that  city  on  the  9th  of  October,  1808, 
aged  fifty-three  years,  one  month  and  two  days. 
No  man  ever  died  in  Georgia  more  lamented  by 
the  lowly,  more  honored  by  the  great.  In  the 
domestic  circle,  as  a  citizen,  at  the  bar,  and  in  tlie 
loftiest  walks  of  political  life,  he  was  always  the 
amiable,  patriotic,  able,  eloquent,  generous,  and 
benevolent  man.  So  public  man  in  the  State  has 
ever  been  more  loved  than  he ;  none  upon  whom 
the  affections  of  so  many  were  concentrated. 
Whether  viewed  as  a  statesman,  orator,  lawyer,  or 
public  man,  he  was  undoubtedly  great, — his  abili- 
ties soared  almost  beyond  the  reach  of  emulation  ; 
yet,  as  a  private  citizen,  a  friend,  and  the  head  of 
a  family,  he  was  still  greater,  and  far  more  admi- 
rable. But  to  all  his  other  beauties  and  excellen- 
cies of  character  Gov.  Cobb  added  that  of  being  a 
Christian,  During  his  whole  life  he  had  been  a 
()erfect  model  of  all  that  is  noble  and  generous, 
liigli-minded,  and  charitable;  perhaps  no  higher 
type  of  the  gentleman,  the  friend,  the  master,  the 
father,  the  husband,  existed  ;  but  it  was  only  late 
in  life  that  he  professed  faith  in  Jesus  and  became 
a  Christian.  In  reply  to  a  question  asked  liim  by 
his  Baptist  pastor,  he  said,  •'  I  accept  Jesus  Christ 
as  divine,  as  the  anointed  Saviour  of  man.  My 
doubts  on  this  subject  are  all  gone." 

"General,"  was  the  rejoinder,  "  do  you  trust  him 
as  your  Saviour?" 

"  I  do,  sir,"  he  replied.  Gen.  Cobb  attended  the 
services  of  a  Baptist  church,  and  was  iilentilied  with 
that  d^'iiniiiioation  all  his  life. 

Cobb,  Col.  John  A,,  son  of  John  Cobb,  was  born 
in  Virginia,  but  brought  up  in  North  Carolina,  by 
his  nmternal  grandfather,  Howell  Lewis,  of  Gran- 
ville. He  married  Miss  Sarah  K.  Kootes,  of  Fred- 
ericksburg, Va..  and  emigrated  to  Georgia,  where 
he  spent  the  remaincler  of  his  life,  occupying  a  high 
social  position,  and  bringing  up  a  family  most  emi- 
nent for  ability  and  the  highest  mental  and  moral 
excellence.  He  was  born  July  5,  1783,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  seventy -four,  at  Athens,  Clarke  Co.,  Ga. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
city. 

He  was  a  man  distinguished  for  integrity,  gen- 
erosity, and  kindness  of  heart.  The  strictest  mo- 
rality and  uprightness  of  character  marked  his 
whole  life.  A  maxim  of  his  still  revered  by  his 
descendants  is,  '•  If  you  can  say  nothing  in  prai.se 
of  a  person,  hold  your  tongue."  While  on  his 
death-bed  he  calmly  gave  directions  in  regard  to 
his  burial  to  his  youngest  son,  Maj.  John  B.  Cobb: 
then  calling  his  children  and  grandchildren  around 
his  bedside,  the  dying  patriarch  placed  his  ema- 
ciated hands  upon  their  heads  and  blessed  them  in 
the  name  of  the  Father.  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost. 

His  oldest  son  was  Gen.  Howell  Cobb,  who  had 
been  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
governor  of  Georgia,  and  Secretary  of  the  Tre.isury 
under  President  Buchanan.  His  second  son  was 
Gen.  T.  R.  R.  Cobb,  who  was  killed  at  Fredericks- 
burg, a  man  of  exalted  worth  ami  abilities.  These, 
with  his  loving  wife  and  daughters,  were  present 
at  the  death-scene. 

The  dying  patriarch  requested  his  son,  Gen.  T. 
R.  R.  Cobb,  to  lead  in  worship,  as  he  wished  to  go 
to  sleep.  After  a  tearful  prayer,  amid  the  weeping 
of  all  present,  he  gently  fell  asleep. — the  sleep  that 
knew  no  awakening  till  the  resurrection  morning. 

His  memory  is  held  in  the  highest  veneration 
by  one  of  the  largest  and  most  distinguished  family 
connections  in  the  State  of  Georgia. 

Cobb,  Rev.  N.  B.,  w-as  born  in  Wayne  Co., 
N.  C,  Feb.  1.  18:50;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hall,  at 
eighteen,  in  1854:  taught  school  in  Cabarrus  County 
and  Goldsborough  till  18.i7.  when  he  read  law 
with  Chief  Justice  Pearson,  :ind  practised  in  Pitt, 
Wayne,  and  Green  Counties  till  October,  1859, 
when  he  left  the  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he 
had  been  a  vestryman  for  several  years,  and  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  II.  Petty,  and  ordained  in  Wilson 
in  1800,  the  Presbytery  consisting  of  Revs.  Levi 
Thorne,  I.  B.  Solomon,  II.  Petty,  G,  AV.  Keene. 
W.  C.  Lacy,  and  J.  G.  Barclay.  Mr.  Cobb  was 
chaplain  of  the  4lli  N.  C.  Regiment  for  a  time,  and 
rendered  distinguished  service  to  the  cause  of  reli- 
gion as  superintendent  of  army  colportage  from 
1802  till  the  close  of  the  war.  After  the  war  ended 
Mr.  Cobb,  in  connection  with  Dr.  J.  D.  Hufham, 
edited  the  Daily  lierord  of  Raleigh  for  six  months  ; 
he  then  became  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Sun- 
day-School Board,  and  has  since  served  as  pastor 
of  the  churches  of  Elizabeth  City  ;  Second  church 
of  Portsmouth,  Va. :  Shelby.  X.  C. ;  Tilesville. 
Rockingham,  and  Fayetteville.  and  has  tau::ht 
much  in  connection  with  preaching.  Mr.  Cobb  is 
the  Baptist  statistician  of  North  Carolina,  and  at 
present  the  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion. 

Cobb,  Nathaniel  R.,   was  bom  in  Falmouth. 


COBB 


23S 


COBURK 


Me.,  near  the  city  of  Portland,  Nov.  3,  1798.  His 
father  dying  wlien  lie  was  very  young,  he  removed 
with  his  mother  to  Plymouth,  Mass.  In  the  si-t- 
teentli  year  of  his  age  he  hecame  a  clerk  in  the 
store  iif  Kipley  &  Freeman,  enterprising  merchants 
in  Boston,  anl  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  established 
himself  in  business  as  one  of  the  partners  of  the 
liouse  of  Freeman  &  Cobb.  lie  had  already  becDUie 
a  linpeful  Christian,  and  joined  the  Charles  Street 
Baptist  church,  under  the  ministry  of  Kev.  Dr. 
Sharp.  The  spirit  of  consecration  of  himself,  his 
talents,  and  his  possessions  took  strong  hold  on  Mr. 
Cobb"s  mind,  and  he  drew  up  the  following  resolu- 
tions, subscribing  them  with  his  own  hand,  in 
Xoveinber,  1821  : 

'•  By  the  grace  of  God,  I  will  never  be  worth 
over  .iiO.OOO. 

'■  By  the  grace  of  Gnd,  I  will  give  one-fourth  of 
the  net  profits  of  my  business  to  charitable  and 
religious  uses. 

"  If  I  am  ever  worth  §20,000,  I  will  give  one- 
half  of  my  net  profits,  and  if  I  am  ever  worth 
$30,000  I  will  give  three-fourths,  and  the  whole 
after  S50,000. 

"  .So  help  me  God,  or  give  to  a  more  faithful 
steward  and  set  me  aside. 

'•  N.  R.  Cobb.'' 

These  resolutions  Mr.  Cobb,  by  ''  the  grace  of 
God,"  was  enabled  to  keep  to  the  letter.  It  was 
not  long  before  he  reached,  in  spite  of  some  heavy 
losses,  the  outside  limit  of  $.50,000,  which  he  had 
assigned  as  the  sum  with  which  he  would  be  con- 
tent. Nine  years  after  he  was  established  in  Irasi- 
ncss  he  offered  a  surplus  of  $7500,  which  had 
accumulated  in  his  liands,  to  found  a  professorship 
at  Xewton.  To  the  theological  institution,  then  in 
its  infancy,  he  gave  at  different  times  some  $15,000. 
"Although  there  is  a  group  of  other  names  asso- 
ciated with  that  now  celebrated  institution,  yet 
eminent  among  the  few  whom  we  honor  as  found- 
ers that  were  benefactors  for  many  years  is  the 
name  of  the  young  merchant  of  Boston,  Nathaniel 
R.  Cobb." 

Mr.  Cobb's  example,  we  cannot  doubt,  stimulated 
other  men  in  the  business  walks  of  life  to  imitate 
his  course  of  action,  and  did  its  part  in  bringing 
forth  those  generous  sums  which,  by  our  Christian 
merchants,  have  been  given  to  help  on  so  many 
noble  causes.  He  lived  long  enough  to  see  some  of 
the  rich  and  ripe  fruits  of  his  benevolence,  and  to 
thank  God  that  he  had  put  it  into  his  he.art  to 
render  to  the  cause  of  Christ  a  service  so  acceptable. 
His  death  occurred  May  24,  1834. 

Cobb,  Gov.  R.  "W.,  was  born  in  St.  Clair  Co.. 
Ala.,  the  25th  of  February,  1829.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  distinguished  ability,  an  ex-officer  of  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  the  owner  of  a  large  interest  in 


one  of  the  iron  companies  at  Helena,  Ala.,  where 
he  resides.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  from 
the  counties  of  Shelby  and  Bibb  in  1872  ;  re-elected 
to  the  senate  from  the  counties  of  Shelby.  .Jefferson, 
and  W.alker  in  1870,  and  he  was  electe<l  president 
of  the  senate  the  succeeding  session  of  the  General 
Assembly.  In  these  positions  he  gained  grer.t 
distinction  and  popularity,  and  he  was  elected  gov- 
ernor of  the  State  in  1S78.  and  re-elected  to  that 
position  in  1880,  by  the  largest  vote  ever  polled  in 
Alabama  for  any  candiilate.  He  is  a  popular  chief 
executive,  meeting  all  the  demands  of  that  respon- 
sible station.  His  church  membership  is  with  the 
little  church  of  Helena,  after  the  welfare  of  which 
be  watches  with  a  deep  and  active  interest.  Gov. 
Cobb  is  a  genial,  social,  pleasant-spirited  man  : 
plain  and  unpretending,  he  has  the  power  of  draw- 
ing men  around  him  in  confidence  and  affection. 
He  has  been  twice  married,  and  has  a  most  inter- 
esting family. 

Cobum,  Gov.  Abner,  was  born  in  that  part  of 
Skowlit'gan  which  was  formerly  Bloonifield,  Me.. 
March  22.  1803.  His  father.  Elc.ozar  Coburn,  moved 
from  Dracut,  Mass.,  in  1792,  at  the  age  of  fifteen, 


GOV.   All.NER   tOBlR.V. 

and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  upper  Ken- 
nebec valley.  He  was  a  farmer  and  land  surveyor. 
Soon  after  arriving  at  age,  Abner,  with  a  younger 
brother,  Philander,  assisted  his  father  in  surveying, 
exploring,  and  appraising  the  millidu  acres  known 
as  the  ■■  Bingham  Kennebec  Purchase''  for  the 
Bingham  heirs.  They,  soon  after,  formed  a  co-part- 
nership, under  the  firm-name  of  E.  Coburn  k 
Sons,  which  continued  until  the  death  of  one  of  his 


COBURN 


239 


COCKE 


sons  in  1845.  The  two  brothers  still  carried  on  the 
business  under  the  firm-name  of  A.  <t  P.  Coburn, 
till  the  death  of  Philander,  in  IsTO.  Their  prin- 
cipal liusiness  was  lumbering,  including  the  pur- 
chase and  sale  of  land,  and  the  cutting,  driving, 
and  selling  of  logs.  The  company  owns  about 
450,000  acres  in  Maine,  and  about  100,000  in  the 
West. 

Got.  Coburn  has  always  taken  a  decided  interest 
in  politics,  but  has  been  too  much  engaged  in  busi- 
ness to  be  much  in  public  life.  lie  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1838,  1840,  and  1844,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  governor's  council  in  1855  and  1857, 
and  governor  in  1SC3.  Ilis  largest  public  charities 
have  been  850,000  to  his  native  county  to  build  a 
court-house,  and  about  !?75,000  to  Colby  University, 
formerly  Watcrville  College,  of  which  S50.000  were 
for  the  endowment  of  Waterville  Classical  Institute. 
Gov.  Coburn  is  characterized  by  a  remarkable 
memory  of  facts,  practical  sagacity,  and  scrupulous 
integrity  and  good  faith  in  business.  He  is  a  con- 
stant worshiper  at  the  Baptist  church,  taking  a 
deep  interest,  although  not  a  member,  in  all  matters 
that  affect  its  prosperity. 

Coburn,  Samuel  Weston,  was  born  in  Bloom- 
field,  Mo..  July  14,  1815.  lie  was  a  graduate  of 
Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University,  of  the 
class  of  1841.  He  belonged  to  a  family  of  great 
energy  of  character,  his  father,  Eleazar  Coburn, 
Esq.,  being  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  influ- 
ential citizens  of  the  section  of  the  State  in  which 
he  lived.  After  graduating,  Mr.  Coburn  was  en- 
gaged in  business  as  a  merchant  and  manufacturer 
tor  twelve  years,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life  on  his  farm.  He  was  a  consistent  member  of 
the  Baptist  church,  and  took  a  deep  interest  in 
educational  matters  in  his  native  town  for  many 
years.     He  died  July  30,  1873. 

Four  brothers  out  of  the  Cuburn  family  were 
graduates  of  Watcrville  College:  Stephen  (class 
of  1839).  Alonzo  and  Samuel  W.  (class  of  1841), 
and  Charles  (class  of  1844).  They  were  brothers 
of  Gov.  Abner  Coburn. 

Cocke,  Prof.  Charles  Lewis,  was  born  Feb. 
21,  1820,  in  King  William  Co.,  Va.  He  was 
trained  in  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood  under 
Maj.  Thomas  Dabney  and  Thomas  II.  Fox.  At 
the  age  of  ten  he  entered  the  Virginia  Baptist  Sem- 
inary (Richmond  College),  where  he  remained 
more  than  two  years,  holding  the  position  of  su- 
perintendent of  the  grounds,  the  school  at  that 
time  being  conducted  on  the  manual  labor  system. 
At  eighteen  he  entered  the  Columbian  College,  and 
after  two  years'  study  graduated  in  1840.  While 
at  college  was  hopefully  converted,  and  baptized 
by  Dr.  O.  B.  Brown  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First 
church  of  Washington,  in  1839,  and  took  at  once 
a  most  active  part  in  all  its  services.     Mr.  Cocke, 


before  his  graduation,  was  called  to  a  tutorship  of 
mathematics  in  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary, 
which  he  held  until  1840,  filling  at  the  same  time 
the  position  of  steward  of  the  college.  In  1846  he 
took  charge  of  the  Ilollins  Institute,  at  Botetourt 
Springs,  Va.,  and  by  his  untiring  energy  and  tact 
he  made  it  one  of  the  best  educational  institutions 
for  girls  in  the  entii-e  South.  (See  article  Hoi.- 
Liss  Institute. )  Female  education  is  with  him  a 
sacred  duty.  He  is  striving  to  give  to  daughters 
as  liberal  an  education  as  is  so  freely  offered  to 
sons,  and  he  has  the  happiness  to  know  that  some 
of  the  most  accomplished  and  useful  of  the  women 
of  the   South   received   their  education  under  his 


PROF.  CHARLES   LEWIS   COCKE. 

Stimulating  and  judicious  guidance.  No  man  in 
the  country  perhaps  has  written  so  many  valuable 
practical  articles  for  publication  in  behalf  of  higher 
female  education  as  Prof.  Cocke,  and  they  have 
been  instrumental  in  stimulating  others  in  different 
parts  of  the  country  to  aid  in  the  organization 
of  similar  institutions.  He  has  been  an  indefati- 
gable laborer  too  in  all  church  work,  acting  as  dea- 
con, superintendent  of  Sunday-schools,  leader  in 
prayer-meetings  and  meetings  for  church  business, 
introducing  new  ministers  into  destitute  regions 
beyond  the  Ridge,  and  encouraging  all  the  benevo- 
lent organizations  of  the  denomination.  He  is  a 
valuable  counselor  in  all  associational  meetings, 
and  has  repeatedly  served  as  moderator  of  those 
bodies.  For  years  previous  to  the  war.  and  during 
its  continuance,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  re- 
ligious training  of  the  colored  people,  and  they 
greatly  honor  him  for  his  labors  in  their  behalf. 


C OHO ON 


240 


COLBY 


Cohoon,  Rev.  Alwood,  was  born  in  1843  at 
Port  -Mrdwav.  Nova  Sootia.  He  was  converted  in 
1863  and  baptized  the  following  year.  In  1871  he 
graduated  from  Acadia  College,  and  in  1872  was 
ordained  as  pastor  at  Paradise,  Nova  Scotia.  At 
the  present  time  he  has  charge  of  a  church  at 
Hebron,  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Baptist  Home  Missions  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces.  He  is  a  good  organizer,  pas- 
tor, and  preacher. 

Coit,  Rev.  Albert,  was  bom  Oct.  1, 1837,  in  the 
town  of  Hastings,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  worked 
on  his  father's  form  until  nineteen  years  of  age, 
receiving  his  early  education  in  the  district  schools. 


June,  1870,  he  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Wells- 
ville  Baptist  church,  where  he  still  remains.  Dur- 
ing the  second  seminary  year  Mr.  Coit  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Congregational  church  of  Brighton, 
Monroe  County,  to  supply  their  pulpit,  and  the 
following  vacation  by  the  Ilhinebeck  church  on  the 
Hudson.  It  was  during  his  period  of  service  for 
this  church  that  Hon.  William  Kelly  made  a  public 
profession  of  faith  and  joined  the  church,  being 
baptized  by  Uov.  William  K.  Williams,  D.U. 

Jlr.  Coit  is  an  able  preacher,  of  clecided  convic- 
tions, a  thorough  Baptist  because  of  the  severe  dis- 
cipline which  led  him  to  become  one.  Still  a  young 
man,  he  commands  the  respect  of  the  brotherhood 


^.iiJ^giWfl' 


•'':^.^ 


-»•..:!•  ..J., 


COLBY    ACADEUV. 


At  nineteen  he  began  his  academic  studies  at 
Mexico,  Oswego  County  ;  completed  them  at  A'alley 
Seminary  in  the  same  county.  In  1862  he  entered 
Genesee  College,  Lima,  N.  Y.,  .and  two  years  later 
the  Junior  class  of  the  University  of  Rochester, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1S66,  and  from  the 
theological  seminary  in  1869.  His  parents  were 
Presbyterians,  but  he  early  in  life  became  con- 
vinced that  the  Baptists  were  nearer  the  truth,  .and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Central  Square, 
his  native  village. 

While  at  college  at  Lima,  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  while  .at  the  theological  seminary 
was  ordained  assistant  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Rochester,  to  take  charge  of  its  Lake 
Avenue  mission,  now  Lake  Avenue  church.      In 


throughout  a  wide  section  of  the  State,  and  is  a 
recognized  leader  in  his  Association.  His  publica- 
tions are  mainly  through  the  newspaper  press. 

Colby  Academy. — This  institution  is  located  in 
New  London.  X.  II.  Prof.  E.  J.  McEwan,  A.M., 
is  at  its  head  ;  it  has  four  gentlemen  and  three 
ladies  engaged  in  imparting  instruction.  Last  ye.ar 
it  had  93  students.  It  h.as  property  worth  §175,000. 
Its  endowment  amounts  to  §94,000.  Colby  Acad- 
emy has  been  a  great  blessing  to  its  numerous 
pupils,  and  to  the  families  and  communities  brought 
under  their  influence.  Its  prospects  for  continued 
and  increased  usefulness  are  very  bright. 

Colby,  Hon.  Anthony,  was  bom  in  New  London, 
X.  11..  Xov.  13,  1792.  His  father,  .Joseph  Colby, 
established  himself  in  that  place  in  his  early  man- 


COLBY  241 


COLBY 


hood,  having  removed  from  his  home  in  Massacha- 
setts  from  motives  of  enterprise  and  independence, 
which  always  characterized  him. 

Anthony  was  his  second  son.  From  cliildhood 
he  evinced  great  fitness  for  practical  life.  His  na- 
ture was  eminently  sympathetic, — inheriting  from 
his  mother  a  keen  discernment  of  cliaracter,  he 
knew  men  by  intuition. 

Having  been  trained  in  a  strictly  orthodox.  Chris- 
tian household,  and  growing  up  amidst  most  im- 
pressive natural  scenery,  he  was  strong,  honest, 
cheerful,  and  heroic. 

lie  married  early  in  life  Mary  Everett,  a  lady  of 
gentleness  and  delicacy,  whose  religious  character 
always  influenced  him. 


GOV,  ANTMOXy    COLBV. 

lie  dated  his  conversion  at  an  early  age,  but  did 
not  make  a  Christian  profession  until  after  his 
second  marriage,  to  Mrs.  Eliza  Richardson,  of  Bos- 
ton, who  was  baptized  with  him  by  Rev.  Reuben 
Sawyer,  in  184.3,  when  the}'  both  joined  tlie  Bap- 
tist church  of  his  native  town,  of  which  he  had 
been  for  many  years  a  faithful  supporter.  At  this 
time  his  father,  Joseph  Colby,  died,  having  been 
for  more  than  fifty  years  a  pillar  in  the  church  and 
di-nomination. 

Anthony  succeeded  him  in  religious  responsi- 
bilities, and  entertaining  the  same  strong  doctrin.al 
views,  did  much  towards  con.solidating  the  interests 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  .State. 

Naturally  intrepid,  he  originated  and  carried  on 
a  variety  of  business  operations  much  in  advance 
of  his  times,  and  fearlessly  assumed  the  responsi- 
bilities of  a  leader.     Identified  with   the  militia. 


railroads,  manufactures,  legislative,  educational, 
and  religious  interests  of  his  native  State,  he  held 
places  of  trust  in  connection  with  them  all.  He 
was  major-general  of  the  militia,  president  of  a 
railroad,  an  owner  of  factories,  an  organizer  of 
Conventions,  a  trustee  of  Dartmouth  College,  and 
in  1846  governor  of  the  State, 

He  was  as  active  and  successful  in  politics  as  in 
business.  He  was  a  personal  friend  of  Daniel 
Webster,  as  his  father  had  V>een  with  Mr.  Webster's 
father  before  him.  He  was  adjutant-general  of  the 
militia  of  the  State  during  the  war,  both  at  home 
and  in  the  field. 

He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  kindness  and 
bravery.  His  wit  and  brilliancy  made  him  socially 
a  favorite,  while  he  was  always  faithful  in  his 
friendships,  honorable  and  noble  in  every  sentiment 
of  his  heart. 

The  last  work  of  his  life  was  an  effort  to  establish 
upon  a  substantial  basis  the  educational  institution 
of  his  native  town,  to  which  the  trustees  have  given 
his  name. 

He  died  peacefully  July  13,  1873,  at  the  age  of 
eighty  years,  in  the  home  of  his  father,  in  which 
he  always  lived,  and  he  was  buried  in  the  cemetery 
by  the  side  of  his  parents. 

Colby,  Hon.  Charles  L.,  a  son  of  Gardner  and 
Mary  li.  \\.  Colby,  was  born  in  IS3U  at  Boston  High- 
lands, formerly  Roxbury,  Mass,  He  was  educated 
at  Brown  University,  and  graduated  in  the  class 
of  1858;  married  in  1864  to  Anna  S.  Knowlton, 
of  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.  Mr.  Colby  has  been  six  years 
a  resident  of  Milwaukee.  Wis.  He  is  tlie  president 
of  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  Company.  lie 
was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  Legislature  in  the 
winter  of  18S0,  and  is  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer- 
sity. Although  occupying  high  and  responsible 
public  and  commercial  positions  requiring  much 
time  and  labor,  Mr.  Colby  is  widely  known  as  an 
active  and  earnest  Christian  worker.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee,  and 
the  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school,  His 
Christian  and  benevolent  labors  are  not  confined 
to  his  own  church  and  denomination,  but  are  ex- 
tended to  almost  every  Christian  work  of  the  city 
anil  .State  in  wliich  he  resides. 

Colby,  Gardner,  was  bom  in  Bowdoinham.  Me., 
Sept.  3,  1810.  The  death  of  his  father,  whose 
fortune  was  lost  in  consequence  of  the  war  with 
England  in  1812-15,  devolved  upon  his  mother,  n 
woman  of  great  energy  of  character,  the  care  of 
three  sons.  To  meet  the  wants  of  her  growing 
family  she  removed  to  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and 
undertook  a  business  which  in  her  skillful  hands 
proved  successful.  Having  secured  for  himself  the 
rudiments  of  a  good  education,  young  Colby,  after 
an  experience  of  R  year's  application  to  the  grocery 
business,  opened  a  retail  dry-goods  store  in  Boston 


COLBY 


242 


COLBY   UNIVERSITY 


when  he  was  but  twenty  years  of  age.  His  energy 
and  prudence  were  rewarded,  and  after  the  hipse 
of  a  few  years  lie  established  himself  as  a  jobber 
in  the  citj',  with  whose  business  interests  he  was 
identified  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Not  con- 
fining his  attention  wholly  to  his  regular  business, 
he  embarked  in  enterprises  which  his  mercantile 
sagacity  assured  him  would  be  successful.  lie 
was  largely  interested  at  one  time  in  navigation, 
and  was  extensively  engaged  in  the  China  trade. 
lie  made  profitable  investments  in  "'  South  Cove'' 
lands  in  Boston.  The  manufacture  of  woolen 
goods  in  his  hands  became  very  profitable,  and 
during  the  late  war  he  was  one  of  the  largest  con- 
trnctors  for  the  supply  of  clothing  for  the  soldiers 
of  the  Union  army.  In  1870  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 


GARDNER    COI.BY. 

Railroad,  and  gave  to  the  great  work  of  building 
a  road,  some  34U  miles  in  length,  and  iiuich  of  it 
through  primeval  forests,  the  best  thought  of  his 
ever  active,  fertile  brain. 

But,  as  has  been  well  said,  "  Mr.  Colby  has  been 
known  chiefly  by  his  benevolence.  Ilis  gifts  have 
been  large  and  uniform  and  cheerful.  In  early 
manhood  he  was  associated  with  those  noble  lay- 
men, Cobb  and  Farwell,  and  Freeman  and  Kendall, 
and  the  Lincolns,  Ensign  and  Ileman.  lie  caught 
their  spirit,  and  set  a  blessed  example  b3'  the  large- 
ness of  his  gifts.  lie  began  to  give  freely  as  clerk 
with  a  small  salary,  and  gave  liberally  from  that 
time  to  the  day  of  his  death.  He  gave  on  princi- 
ple, and  no  worthy  claimant  was  turned  from  his 
door.     His  courage  and  hopefulness  did  much  to 


save  Newton  and  Waterville  in  dark  hours,  and 
his  large  donations  stimulated  others  to  create  the 
endowments  which  assured  the  future  prosperity 
of  these  institutions.  His  benefactions  were  lib- 
eral to  Brown  University  and  other  institutions, 
and  flowed  in  a  perennial  stream  to  the  Missionary 
Union  and  other  agencies  for  Christian  work  at 
home  and  abroad."  His  gift  of  If50,000  to  what 
was  Waterville  College  led  to  the  change  which 
took  place  in  the  name  of  that  institution,  causing 
it  thenceforth  to  be  known  as  Colby  Univer.>-ity. 
Mr.  Colby  was  chosen  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer- 
sity in  1855,  and  held  that  office  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death.  For  manj'  years.he  was  the  treasurer 
of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  he  con- 
tributed most  liberally  to  its  endowment.  As  an 
honored  and  benevolent  layman  of  the  Baptist 
denomination  his  name  will  go  down  to  posterity, 
and  his  memory  be  long  cherished  as  the  wise 
counselor  and  the  generous  benefactor,  who  lived 
and  planned  for  the  glory  of  his  Lord  and  the 
highest  spiritual  interests  of  those  whom  he  sought 
to  bless.  Mr.  Colby  died  at  his  residence  in  New- 
ton Centre,  Mass.,  April  'Z,  1S79,  aged  sixty-eight 
years  and  seven  months. 

Colby,  Rev,  Henry  F.,  A.M.,  son  of  Hon. 
Gardner  and  Mrs.  Mary  L.  R.  Colby,  was  born  at 
Roxbury  (now  Boston  Highlands),  Mass.,  Nov.  25, 
1842.  and  spent  his  childhood  and  youth  at  Newton 
Centre,  Mass.  In  18G2  he  graduated  with  the 
honor  of  the  Latin  salutatory  of  Brown  University. 
After  nearly  a  year  spent  abroad,  iie  went  through 
a  course  of  study  with  the  class  of  1867  at  Newton 
Theological  Seminary  ;  was  ordained  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry  as  pastor  of  the  First  church  at 
Dayton.  0.,  .January,  lsri8,  where  he  still  remains. 

Mr.  Colliy  has  )iublished  a  class  poem,  a  poem 
before  a  convention  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  Fra- 
ternity, a  discussion  on  restricted  communion,  a 
memoir  of  his  father,  Gardner  Colby,  and  occasional 
sermons.  He  is  closely  identified  with  educational 
and  denominational  work  in  the  .State  of  Ohio,  and 
is  much  esteemed  both  as  a  preacher  and  pastor. 

Colby  University, — The  institution  which  now 
bears  this  name,  began  its  existence  as  the  majority 
of  our  Baptist  seats  of  learning  commenced  life,  in 
a  very  humble  way.  An  act  was  passed  \>\  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  Feb.  2",  1813,  estab- 
lishing a  corporation  under  the  title  of  "  The  Presi- 
dent and  Trustees  of  the  Maine  Literary  and  Theo- 
logical Institution,'  and  endowing  it  with  a  town- 
ship of  land,  a  few  miles  above  the  city  of  Bangor. 
It  w.as  a  very  good  timber  section,  but  a  most  un- 
suitable place  in  which  to  commence  a  literary 
and  theological  seminary.  There  is  some  reason  to 
suspect,  as  President  Champlin  has  suggested,  that 
"  it  was  a  cunning  device  to  defeat  tlie  whole  pro- 
ject, or  at  least,  to  secure  in  this  case,  as  formerly, 


COLBY  UNIVERSITY 


244 


COLrJ 


that  if  the  voiop  of  John  the  Baptist  must  be  iienrd 
at  all,  it  should  he  lieanl  only  '  cryinj;  in  the  wilder- 
ness !' "  Not  thinking  it  worth  while  to  attempt 
to  commence  an  enterprise  in  a  location  where  sure 
disaster  and  defeat  would  he  the  consequence,  the 
corporation  obtained  the  consent  of  the  Legislature 
to  start  the  new  institution  in  any  town  in  Somer- 
set or  Kennebec  Counties.  Waterville,  now  one 
of  the  most  attractive  villages  on  the  banks  of  the 
Kennebec  River,  was  the  site  selected.  Ilcv.  Jere- 
miah Chaplin,  of  Danvers,  Mass.,  was  chosen  Pro- 
fessor of  Tlieology,  and  Rev.  Irah  Chase,  of  West- 
ford,  Vt.,  Professor  of  Languages,  and  the  1st  of 
May,  1818,  was  the  daj'  appointed  to  commence  in- 
struction in  the  institution.  Prof.  Chaplin  accepted 
his  appointment,  but  Prof.  Chase  declining  his, 
Rev.  Avery  Briggs  was  chosen  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages, and  commenced  his  duties  October,  1819. 
The  Professor  of  Theology  brought  several  pupils 
with  him,  who  were  already  in  training  for  the 
ministerial  office. 

In  1820  the  Legislature  of  Maine,  now  an  inde- 
pendent State,  granted  to  the  institution  a  charter, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  was  invested  with  collegiate 
powers,  and  took  the  name  of  AVaterville  College. 
The  first  elected  president  was  Rev.  Daniel  IL 
Barnes,  of  New  York,  a  gentleman  of  fine  culture, 
and  possessing  rare  qualifications  for  the  position 
to  which  he  was  invited.  Mr.  Barnes  declined  the 
call  which  had  been  extended  to  him.  The  corpo- 
ration then  elected  Prof.  Chaplin  to  the  presidential 
chair,  and  added  to  the  faculty  Rev.  Stephen  Chapin 
as  Professor  of  Theology.  The  first  class  which 
graduated  was  in  1820.  and  consisted  of  two  per- 
sons, one  of  whom  w.as  Rev.  George  Dana  Board- 
man,  the  story  of  whose  missionary  life  is  invested 
with  so  thrilling  an  interest.  Mr.  Boardman,  im- 
mediately on  graduating,  was  appointed  tutor. 

The  new  institution  was  now  fairly  started  on  its 
career  of  usefulness.  An  academy  was  commenced, 
with  the  design  to  make  it  what  it  has  so  generously 
proved  to  be,  a  feeder  of  the  college.  A  mechanic's 
shop  also  was  erected,  to  furnish  such  students  as 
wished  to  e.arn  something  by  their  per.sonal  labor 
an  opportunity  to  do  so.  The  academy  lived  and 
ripened  into  the  vigorous,  healthy  institution  now 
known  as  the  "Waterville  Classical  Institute." 
The  mechanic's  shop,  after  a  twelve  years'  experi- 
ment, was  adjudged  on  the  whole  to  be  a  failure. 
Meanwhile,  the  needed  college  buildings  were,  one 
after  another,  erected.  The  usual  experience  of 
most  institutions  starting  into  life  as  this  had  done 
was  the  experience  of  AVaterville  College.  There 
was  self-denial  on  the  part  of  teachers,  an  appeal 
in  all  directions  for  funds  to  carry  on  the  enterprise ; 
struggles,  sometimes,  for  very  life ;  alternations  of 
hope  and  despondency  on  the  part  of  its  friends  ; 
but    yet   gradual    increase   of   strength,    growing 


ability  to  carry  the  burden  of  responsibility  which 
had  been  assumed,  and  a  deeper  conviction  that  a 
favoring  Providence  would  grant  enlarged  success 
in  due  time.  To  its  first  president,  Kev.  Dr.  Chap- 
lin, it'owes  a  debt  of  "mtitude  and  respect,  of  which 
it  never  should  lose  sigiit. 

President  Chaplin  resigned  after  thirteen  years 
of  toil  and  sacrifice  endured  for  the  college,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Rufua  Babcock.  D.D.,  who 
remained  in  office  from  1833  to  1836.  The  next 
president,  Rev.  Robert  E.  Pattison,  D.I).,  was  also 
three  years  in  office,  from  1836  to  1839.  Ills  suc- 
cessor was  Eliphaz  Fay,  who  was  in  office  from 
1841  to  1843,  and  was  succeeded  >)y  Rev.  David  N. 
Sheldon,  D.D.,  who  was  president  nine  years,  from 
1843  to  1852.  Upon  the  resignation  of  President 
Sheldon,  Dr.  Pattison  was  recalled,  and  continued 
in  office  another  three  years,  from  1854  to  18.57. 
His  successor  was  Rev.  James  T.  Champlin,  D.D., 
who  had  filled  the  chair  of  Professor  of  tlie  Greek 
and  Latin  Languages  from  1841.  His  term  of  ser- 
vice commenced  in  1857,  and  closed  in  187-5.  The 
present  incumbent  is  Rev.  H.  E.  Robins,  D.D.,  who 
was  elected  in  1873. 

Colby  University  takes  its  name  from  Gardner 
Colby,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  whose  generous  gifts  to 
the  college  place  him  among  the  munificent  patrons 
of  our  seats  of  learning.  Its  endownuMit  is  suffi- 
ciently large  to  meet  its  present  necessities,  but 
will  need  additions  to  it  with  the  increasing  wants 
of  the  institution.  It  may  reasonably  congratulate 
itself  on  the  general  excellence  of  its  buildings, 
which  are  Chaplin  llall,  South  College,  Champlin 
Hall,  Coburn  Hall,  ami  Memorial  Ilall.  The  first 
two  of  these  are  dormitories  of  the  students,  the 
third  contains  the  pleasant  recitation-rooms,  the 
fourth  is  used  for  the  department  of  Chemistry 
and  Natural  History,  and  the  last  named,  built  to 
honor  the  memory  of  the  alumni  who  fell  in  tlieir 
country's  service  during  the  late  civil  war,  has  in 
its  eastern  wing  the  university  library,  with  its 
15,000  volumes  and  7-500  pamphlets,  and  in  its 
western  wing  the  college  chapel,  a  room  40  by  38 
feet  in  dimensions.  The  university  has  also  an  ob- 
servatory and  a  gymnasium.  Three  institutions 
in  the  State  have  been  brought  into  close  connec- 
tion with  the  university. — the  Waterville  Classical 
Institute,  the  Hebron  Academj',  and  the  Houlton 
Academy, — all  these  are  "  feeders''  of  the  univers- 
ity. There  are  at  present  62  scholarships,  founded 
by  churches  or  individuals,  yielding  from  ?36  to 
$60  a  year.  The  regular  expenses  which  the  stu- 
dent incurs  are  placed  as  low  as  they  can  reason- 
ably be  put,  and  no  i-eally  deserving  young  man 
will  be  suffered  to  dissolve  his  connection  witli  the 
university  if  he  is  in  earnest  to  prosecute  his 
studies  with  diligence  ami  fidelity. 

Cole,  Rev.  Addison  Lewis,  was  bom  in  Cul. 


VULE 


245 


COLE 


pepper  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  9,  1831.  The  family  moved 
to  CiUjS  Co.,  III.,  in  1S33,  where  he  lived  on  a  farm 
until  1858.     He  wns  converted  and  baptized  at  the 


REV.   ADDISON     I..   COi.E. 

age  of  seventeen.  In  ISoS  he  entered  Shurtlcff 
College,  111.,  graduating  -nitli  honor  in  1802.  He 
was  then  ordained,  and  afterwards  studied  theology 
at  Shurtleff,  graduating  in  1806.  lie  was  pastor  at 
Owatonna,  Minn.  ;  Milwaukei',  Wis.  ;  and  Minne- 
apolis, Minn.  Constant  revivals  characterized 
tliese  pastorates.  The  churches  grew  rapidly  in 
numbers,  strength,  and  permanent  influence.  He 
was  two  years  chaplain  to  tlie  Minnesota  senate. 
Health  failing,  he  was  unable  to  preach  from  1871 
to  1877.  From  1874  to  1877,  in  order  to  gain  and 
retain  health,  he  studied  hygienic  medicine  at  a 
celebrated  institute  in  New  York.  In  1877  he  be- 
gan preaching  again  at  St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  with  his 
usual  success,  and  in  1878  he  moved  to  California, 
in  response  to  a  call  from  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Sacramento,  which  he  served  one  year,  and  in  1879 
he  assumed  charge  of  the  church  nt  Di.ton.  .Mr. 
Cole  is  secretary  of  the  board  of  California  Col- 
lege ;  an  independent  thinker,  a  strong  and  vigorous 
writer,  a  sound  theologian,  an  industrious,  consci- 
entious student,  a  magnetic,  eloquent  speaker,  and 
a  man  of  marked  influence  among  the  Baptists  of 
California. 

Cole,  George,  was  bom  at  Sterling,  Conn.,  .June 
22,  ISdS;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1834; 
was  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Granville  College, 
O.,  1834-37  ;  became  editor  of  the  Cross  and  Jour- 
nal (now  Journal  and  ^fesseHffer),  Cincinnati,  0., 
in  1838,  and  continued  in  that  position  nine  years. 


From  1847  to  1856  engaged  in  business,  being  part 
of  the  time  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Cincinnati 
Gazelle;  again  took  charge  of  the  Journal  and 
Messenger  in  1856,  and  continued  as  its  editor  until 
1864,  when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  resign; 
died  in  D.iyton.  Ky.,  -July  14,  1868. 

Cole,  Rev.  Isaac,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Baltimore 
Co.,  Md.,  Sept.  13,  1806.  He  was  educated  for  the 
medical  profession,  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Maryland  in  1827,  after  which  he  entered  upon 
its  practice  in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  In  1830  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  serving  as  a  local  preacher  for  about  fifteen 
years,  and  was  then  ordained  an  elder.  Having 
changed  his  views  with  regard  to  baptism  and  cer- 
tain doctrinal  points,  he  withdrew  from  the  Meth- 
odist Church  by  certificate,  and  was  baptized  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Fuller,  on  Sept.  28, 1851,  and  was  ordained 
Oct.  5,  1851.  In  1852,  Dr.  Cole  relinquished  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  became  pastor  of  the  Sec- 
ond Baptist  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  During 
his  first  jear  here  a  new  house  of  worship  was 
erected,  and  during  his  pastorate  96  persons  were 
baptized.  In  1855,  Dr.  Cole  became  pastor  of  the 
North  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  and  during  his 
stay  with  them,  which  was  a  little  more  than  three 
years,  the  membership  increased  from  140  to  400. 
In  1858  he  became  pastor  of  the  Thirteenth  Street 
Baptist  church.  Washington,  and  continued  to  act 
■as  such  until  the  union  of  the   Thirteenth  Street 


REV.  ISA.\C    COLE.   M.D. 


and  the  First  Baptist  church  took  place,  Sept.  25, 
1859.  In  1860  he  became  pastor  of  the  Lee  Street 
Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  and  while  there  he  built 


COLE 


246 


COLE 


for  them  a  new  liouse  of  worship,  and  baptized  a 
large  number  intn  tlie  fellowship  of  the  tliureh. 
Being  urgently  invited  a  second  time  to  become 
pastor  of  the  Xorth  ehuich,  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Cole 
accepted,  and  during  the  four  years  he  was  with 
this  church  upwards  of  a  hundred  persons  were 
baptized.  After  leaving  the  Xorth  church  he  filled 
the  pulpit  of  the  Eleventh  church  for  a  time. 
From  Philadelpliiii  he  went  to  Westminster,  Md., 
and  there  built  another  house  of  worship  for  the 
denomination.  Feb.  1,  1878,  he  became  pastor  of 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Washington,  D.  C.  (the 
Navy-Yard  church),  where  he  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  his  labors,  baptizing  quite  a  large  num- 
ber, and  greatly  improving  and  beautifying  their 
house  of  worship. 

Cole,  Jirah  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Catskill, 
X.  Y.,  Jan.  14,  1.S02.  Ilis  father,  though  educated  a 
Presbyterian,  was  a  decided  Baptist  in  conviction. 
The  .son  was  a  subject  of  various  impressions  from 
childhood,  but  was  finally  aw.akened  under  a  ser- 
mon by  Kev.  Howard  Malcom,  then  a  young  pastor 
in  Hudson,  and  speedily  found  peace  in  believing. 
On  Sabbath,  4th  March,  1821,  he  was  baptized  at 
Catskill,  in  company  with  his  father  and  others. 
Aug.  23,  1822,  hjiving  decided  to  prepare  for  the 
ministry,  he  entered  the  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution  at  Hamilton,  then  under  the  cure  of 
Prof.  Daniel  llascall.  Jonathan  AVade  and  Eugenio 
Kincaid  had  just  graduated  in  the  first  class  sent 
out.  A  lively  missionary  spirit  had  been  aroused, 
and  a  missionary  society  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Cole 
was  chosen  corresponding  secretary.  At  that  time 
it  was  ascertained  that  there  were  only  two  such 
societies  in  the  country,  one  at  Andover,  the  other 
at  Auburn.  He  graduated  in  1826,  and  almost  im- 
mediately his  active  ministry  began  with  the  church 
in  Greenville,  N.  Y.  His  ordination,  however,  took 
place  at  Ogden,  Sept.  12,  1827,  of  which  church  he 
became  pastor,  and  so  remained  until  Nov.  21,  1831, 
having  in  the  mean  time  baptized  .57.  His  sub- 
sequent labors  in  X'ew  York  were  three  years  at 
Fredonia,  several  months  as  supply  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Rochester,  where  he  baptized 
between  40  and  50,  another  supply  of  some  months 
at  Parma  Corners,  and  two  and  a  half  years  at 
Fabius.  He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union  as  agent,  upon  the  earnest  and  re- 
peated solicitations  of  Elder  Alfred  Bennett,  the 
first  year  being  spent  in  N^ew  Y'ork,  and  the  second 
in  Ohio,  Indi.ana,  Illinois,  and  Missouri.  Resigning 
this  agency  in  1841,  he  served  as  pastor  two  years 
at  Ithaca,  X.  Y.,  accepting  then  an  agency  for  the 
Home  Mission  Society  in  Maine.  N^ew  Hampshire, 
and  Vermont.  In  1843  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Whitesborough,  N.Y..  and  remained  there 
some  five  years,  serving  meanwhile  also  as  cor- 
responding   secretary    of  the    State    Convention. 


Thence  to  Nunda  in  1848.  In  18.i0  he  was  offered 
the  N'orthwostoi-n  agency  for  foreign  missions,  his 
location  to  be  at  Chicago.  This  he  accepted,  con- 
tinuing in  the  service  seven  aTid  a  half  years.  He 
then  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Delavan ;  in 
1860,  of  the  church  in  Biirrj-,  III.,  subsequent  pas- 
torates being  at  Valparaiso,  Ind.  ;  Galva,  Cordova, 
Atlanta,  Lockport,  and  Rnzetta,  III.,  where  he  is 
now  laboring  with  vigor  and  success,  in  spite  of  his 
advancing  years  and  infirmity  of  health. 

Dr.  Colo  has  rendered  important  service  with  his 
pen,  not  only  as  secretary,  but  as  author  and  com- 
piler of  different  works.  He  was  one  of  the  edi- 
torial committee  in  preparing  the  memorial  volume 
of  the  first  half-century  of  Madison  University, 
performing  a  large  amount  of  valuable  work.  He 
had  previously  prepared  a  "  History  of  the  Rock 
Island  A-ssociation."  Having  been  appointed  his- 
torian of  the  Baptists  for  the  State  of  Illinois,  he 
has.  with  great  labor  and  fidelity,  prepared  a 
work  which,  although  it  remains  in  manuscript,  is 
one  of  great  value.  Dr.  Cole's  ministry  of  over 
fifty  years  has  been  one  of  signal  activity  and  use- 
fulness. 

Cole,  Hon.  Nathan,  M.C.,  was  born  July  26, 
1821.     His  father  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1821,  from 


noX.  NATH.\N"    COLE,  M.C. 

Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.  In  1842  he  professed  religion 
at  Alton,  and  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  .Second 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis  since  18.02.  He  is  a 
diligent  student  of  God's  AVord  now,  and  he  loves 
to  expound  it  in  Sunday-schools.  In  1869  he  was 
chosen  mayor  of  St.  Louis,  and  he  filled  the  ofiBce 
to  the  great  satisfaction  of  his  fellow-citizens.     In 


COLEMAN, 


247 


COLEMAN 


1876  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Merchants' 
Exehanjj;e.  In  the  autumn  of  tlie  same  year  he  was 
sent  to  Congress  to  represent  the  second  district 
of  Missouri.  lie  is  vice-president  of  the  St.  Louis 
National  Hank  of  Commerce.  In  1.S03  he  took  an 
active  part  in  building  the  first  grain-elevator  in 
St.  Louis.  Nathan  Cole  is  a  friend  to  the  poor, 
to  education,  and  to  religion.  He  has  given  large 
amounts  to  sustain  and  advance  the  cause  of  Jesus, 
and  to  further  public  interests.  He  is  a  firm  Bap- 
tist, with  a  large  scriptural  charity.  Mr.  C'cile  has 
been  sought  by  offices,  but  he  aspires  to  no  public 
position.  lie  is  one  of  the  most  enlightened,  un- 
selfish, and  blameless  men  that  ever  occupied  a  seat 
in  Congress. 

Coleman,  James  Smith,  D.D.,  was  the  only 
child  of  pious  German  parents,  and  was  born  in 


J.iMES   SMITH    COLEJU.V,  I).D. 

Ohio  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  23,  1827.  In  early  childhood 
he  displayed  a  great  fondness  for  books,  and  being 
taught  by  his  parents  to  read,  he  eagerly  sought 
instruction.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he  was  converted, 
and  soon  after  was  baptized  by  Alfred  Taylor  into 
the  fellowship  of  Beaver  Dam  Baptist  church.  In 
obtaining  his  education  he  labored  under  the  dis- 
advantages incidental  to  frontier  life,  and  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  commenced  teaching  school  and 
attending  a  seminary  alternately.  In  his  fifteenth 
year  he  communicated  to  his  mother  the  fact  of  his 
being  powerfully  impressed  with  a  call  to  preach 
the  gospel.  This  he  resisted,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine.  Abandoning  this  pursuit,  he 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  law.  He  was 
elected  sheriff  of  his  county,  then  commissioned 


brigadier-general  of  the  militia,  but  yielded  to  the 
irresisiible  convictions  of  duty  to  pre.ich  the  gos|iel. 
He  was  ordained  in  October,  1S54,  and  became  the 
pastor  of  four  churches,  preaching  much  among 
the  destitute  with  remarkable  success.  He  rapidly 
increased  in  popularity  and  influence.  In  18.57 
he  was  elected  moderator  of  Gasper  River  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1859  was  chosen  muderator  of  the 
General  Association  of  Kentucky  Baptists,  hold- 
ing the  position  until  1873.  He  also  served  the 
General  Association  as  State  evangelist  several 
years.  He  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
church  in  Owensborough,  Ky.,  in  1878,  and  served 
one  yeai",  during  which  250  members  were  added 
to  the  church.  He  resigned  on  account  of  impaired 
health.  He  is  now  (1880)  pa«tor  of  Walnut  Street 
church  in  Owensborough.  During  his  ministry  he 
has  liaptized  over  3000  persons,  about  700  of  whom 
were  from  other  denominations, — principally  Meth- 
odists. Among  the  latter  may  be  mentioned  Rev. 
W.  P.  Yeaman,  D.D..  now  of  Glasgow.  Mo. 

Coleman,  Prof.  Lewis  Minor,  was  bom  in 
Hanwver  Co..  Va.,  Fib.  .'».  ls2T.  He  was  the  son 
of  Thomas  B.  Coleman,  an  honored  citizen  of  Caro- 
lina County,  and  for  several  years  its  representative 
in  the  Virginia  Assembh-.  Until  ^le  age  of  twelve 
young  Coleman  received  an  excellent  training  under 
his  mother,  a  pious  and  highly-accomplished  lady. 
At  that  period  he  entered  Col.  Fontain's  school,  and 
in  1841,  Concord  Academy,  an  institution  of  high 
grade  under  the  charge  of  his  distinguished  uncle, 
F.  W.  Coleman,  afterwards  Virginia  State  senator. 
His  progress  here  was  so  rapid  and  thorough  that, 
in  1844.  when  only  si-venteen,  he  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  and  graduating  in  all  its  schools 
witli  distinguished  honor,  he  took  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  in  two  years.  Immediately  after 
graduation  he  professed  a  hope  in  Christ,  and  in 
November,  184G,  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Jeter.  Soon  after  Mr.  Coleman  became  an 
assistant  teacher  in  the  academy  of  his  uncle,  Mr. 
F.  W.  Coleman,  and  a  few  years  later  established, 
himself,  the  Hanover  Academy,  which  soon  became 
one  of  the  very  best  schools  of  its  kind  in  the  State. 
On  the  death  of  that  distinguished  scholar.  Dr. 
Gessner  Harrison,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language 
and  Literature  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  Mr. 
Coleman,  in  18-59,  was  chosen  to  fill  that  arduous 
and  honorable  position,  and  he  adorned  the  chair 
which  had  been,  for  so  many  previous  years, 
crowned  with  distinction.  When  the  war  broke 
out,  he  left  the  pleasant  surroundings  of  professional 
life  and  the  quiet  of  his  loved  home  for  the  battle- 
field. He  raised  an  artillery  company  and  became 
its  captain,  and  in  1862  was  appointed  major  of 
artillery.  At  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  amid 
the  terrible  havoc  and  slaughter  which  accompanied 


COLEMAN 


248 


COLGATE  ACADEMY 


it,  Prof.  Coleman  received  a.  wound  near  the  knee, 
which  ultimately  proved  fatal.  For  ninety-eight 
weary  days  he  suffered  the  most  intense  physical 
agony,  and  at  last,  under  the  ministrations  of  a 
host  of  relatives  and  friends,  he  triumphantly  fell 
asleep  in  the  Saviour  whom  he  loved.  Prof.  Cole- 
man was  no  ordinary  person.  As  a  man,  he  was 
rigidly  conscientious,  unaffectedly  jiious,  and  very 
liberal  in  his  benefactions.  As  a  scholar,  his  knowl- 
edge was  varied  and  remarkably  accurate.  As  a 
teacher,  he  won  the  regard  of  all,  and  moulded  the 
rudest  into  symmetrical  characters.  As  a  father,  a 
son,  a  brother,  he  was  almost  faultless  ;  while  as  a 
Christian  worker,  the  Bible-classes  for  students, 
and  the  Sund.iy-sclinul  for  colored  children,  were 
his  noble  monuments. 


was  ordained  in  1S45  at  North  Esk  ;  his  last  pas- 
torate was  at  Sackville.  During  his  ministry  Mr. 
Coleman  baptized  over  1U(H)  converts.  He  died 
March  7.  1S77. 

Colgate  Academy  was  opened  in  1832  as  a 
preparatory  school  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1SJ3 
it  was  duly  chartered  as  the  grammar  school  of 
Madison  University.  It  has  not  only  a  thorough 
classical  course  of  three  years  preparatory  to  col- 
lege, but  a  general  academic  course  in  English, 
mathematics,  and  natural  science.  It  has  grad- 
uated about  1000,  and  at  present  numbers  103 
students.  It  has  a  principal  and  0  associate  teach- 
ers. A  Vjeautiful  and  couimoilious  academic  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1S73  at  the  cost,  including 
grounds,  of  $00,000,  by  James  B.  Colgate,  of  New 


COLGATE    ACAUEMV. 


Coleman,  Rev.  R.  J.,  an  early  preacher  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1>>17:  removed 
to  Clark  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1843;  began  to  preach  in 
1852.  lie  supplied  a  number  of  churches  near  his 
home  until  1858,  when  he  settled  near  Pine  Bluff, 
and  continued  to  supply  churches  in  Jefferson  and 
Saline  Counties  until  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Austin,  where  he  still  resides.  He  has  served 
many  of  the  most  prominent  churches  of  his  region 
with  great  success. 

Coleman,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Baptist  church,  Portland,  St.  John.    He 


York,  in  memory  of  whose  parents  it  is  named.  It 
is  100  by  GO  feet,  3  stories  high,  and  surmounted 
by  a  mansard-roof. 

While  the  academy  has  its  own  faculty  apart  in 
government  and  discipline  from  that  of  the  uni- 
versity proper,  it  is  under  the  cntrol  of  the  cor- 
poration of  Madison  University,  and  is  a  part  of 
the  general  system  of  education  maintained  by  that 
board.  At  the  time  of  the  opening  it  w.as  partially 
endowed  by  Messrs.  .James  B.  Colgate  and  John 
B.  Trevor  by  a  gift  of  S30,(J00,  since  increased  by  a 
donation  of  §25,000  from  Mr.  James  B.  Colgate. 
(See,  also,  Madison  Uxiversitv  article.) 


COLGATE 


249 


COLGATE 


Colgate,  James  B.,  son  (jf  William  and  Mary 
Colgate,  was  born  in  the  city  of  \ew  York,  March 
4,  1818,  and  educated  in  the  higher  schools  of  New 
York,  and  in  academies  in  Connecticut.  After  a 
clerkship  of  seven  years  he  was  for  nine  years  in 
the  wholesale  dry-goods  trade.  In  ]S.')2.  he  became 
partner  with  Mr.  Jolm  B.  Trevor,  in  Wall  Street; 
this  firm  continued  until  1872,  when,  on  the  re- 
tirement of  Mr.  Trevor,  Mr.  Robert  Colby  became 
his  partner,  under  the  firm-name  of  James  B.  Col- 
gate &  Co.  Mr.  Colgate  became  .a  member  of  the 
Tabernacle  Baptist  church  in  the  city  of  Xew  Y^ork 
in  his  youth,  having  been  baptized  l)y  Rev.  Beniah 
Iloe.  His  residence  now  i.s  in  Y'onkers,  where  the 
Warburton  Avenue  Baptist  church,  one  of  the  best 
church  edifices  in  the  country,  stands  a  monument 
of  his  and  Mr.  Trevor's  liberality.  The  greater 
part  of  the  expense  of  building  this  house  was 
borne  by  these  two  brethren.  Mr.  Colgate  has 
been  the  chief  benefactor  of  Madison  University, 
and  in  her  darkest  days  she  has  ever  found  in  him 
not  only  a  wise  counselor,  but  a  warm  friend  and 
supporter.  Mr.  Colgate  has  also  given  liberally  to 
the  University  of  Rochester  and  its  theological 
seminary,  to  the  academy  at  New  London,  N.  II., 
to  Pcddie  Institute,  N.  J.,  and  to  Culumbian  Uni- 
versity, at  AVashington.  1).  C.  AVith  .all  his  liber- 
ality towards  institutions  of  learning,  it  hardly 
surpasses  that  with  which  he  cherishes  needy 
cliurches,  missionary  fields,  and  denominational 
societies.  Mr.  Colgate  is  a  man  of  vigorous  con- 
stitution and  large  frame.  He  is  an  outspoken 
Baptist,  of  decided  convictions,  and  he  is  always 
ready  to  defend  them  in  private  or  public.  In 
business  circles  his  house  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  reliable  and  substantial  in  Wall  Street,  and 
in  the  dark  days  of  the  late  civil  war,  the  govern- 
ment found  in  it  a  power  of  which  it  might  have 
been  afraid,  but  for  the  incorruptible  integrity  and 
loyalty  with  which  its  business  was  uniformly  con- 
ducted. 

Colgate,  Mrs.  Mary  Gilbert,  wife  of  William 
Colgate,  was  born  in  London,  England,  Dec.  25, 
1788.  She  came  to  this  country  in  170G.  She  had 
the  .advantages  of  an  excellent  education  and  was 
a  woman  of  many  .accomplishments.  Her  marriage 
with  Mr.  Colgate  took  place  April  23,  1811.  A 
devout  Christian,  a  generous  and  self-sacrificing 
friend,  as  wife  and  mother  most  tender,  wise,  and 
faithful,  she  adorned  every  relation.  She  sought 
out  and  relieved  the  poor ;  she  dispensed  with  a 
real  enjoyment  the  liberal  hospitalities  of  her 
home.  The  education  of  the  rising  ministry  was 
one  of  the  chief  interests  of  her  practical  life  ;  not 
a  vague  and  gener.al  care,  but  definite  and  personal, 
manifesting  itself  in  concern  for  particular  students, 
many  of  whom  she  made  welcome  guests  at  her 
house.  In  all  the  generous  efforts  for  tlie  church 
17 


and  for  humanity  in  which  her  husband  had  so 
extensive  a  share,  she  proved  herself  a  helper 
worthy  of  him.     She  died  October,  18.54. 

The  surviving  sons  of  William  and  Mary  Col- 
gate are  Robert.  James  B.,  and  Samuel. 

Colgate,  Samuel,  a  son  of  William  Colgate  of 
precious  memory,  was  born  in  tlie  city  of  New 
York,  March  22,  1822.  He  was  baptized  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  T.abernjicle  Baptist  church 
in  1839.  From  that  early  age  he  has  been  an 
earnest  worker  in  the  cause  of  Christ.  lie  suc- 
ceeded to  his  father's  business,  greatly  enlarging 
it,  and  to  his  ftitber's  benevolence  and  interest  in 
the  great  enterprises  of  the  Baptists.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  Madison  University,  and 
a  liberal  patron  of  that  institution.  It  is  well 
known  that  Samuel  and  James  B.  Colgate  erected 
the  Colgate  Academy  edifice  at  Hamilton,  an  im- 
portant adjunct  to  the  university,  at  an  expense 
only  a  little  short  of  S60,000.  Mr.  Colgate  has 
been  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  board  of 
the  American  Tract  Society.  He  is  president  of 
the  board  of  the  New  York  Education  Society ;  he 
is  also  president  of  that  famous  association  of  New 
Y'ork.  ''The  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice." 

Colgate,  'William,  was  bom  in  the  parish  of 
Ilollingbourn.  County  of  Kent,  England,  on  the 
25th  of  J.anuary,  1783.  He  was  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Mary  (Bowles)  Colgate. 

Robert  Colgate  was  a  farmer  by  occupation, 
and  a  man  of  superior  intelligence.  He  w.-irmly 
sympathized  with  the  American  colonies  in  their 
struggle  with  the  mother-country  before  and  during 
the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Hating  despotism  in 
every  form,  he  hailed  the  triumph  of  the  French 
revolutionists  in  their  struggles  to  throw  off  the 
regal  yoke.  Political  considerations  constrained 
him  to  leave  England  for  this  country  in  JIarch. 
170S.  The  family  settled  on  a  farm  in  Hartford 
Co..  Md. 

William  Colgate  came  to  New  Y'ork  City  in 
1804.  He  there  obtained  employment  as  an  ap- 
prentice to  a  soap-boiler,  and  learned  the  business. 
Y'oung  as  he  was.  he  showed  even  then  that  quick- 
ness of  observation  which  distinguished  him  in 
after-life.  He  closely  watched  the  methods  prac- 
tised by  his  employer,  noting  wh.at  seemed  to  him 
to  be  mismanagement,  and  learned  useful  lessons 
for  his  own  guidance.  At  the  close  of  his  appren- 
ticeship he  was  enabled,  by  correspondence  with 
dealers  in  other  cities,  to  establish  himself  in  the 
business  with  some  assurance  of  success.  He  fol- 
lowed it  through  life,  and  Ivecame  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  men  in  the  city  of  New  Y'ork.  This 
circumstance,  together  with  his  great  wisdom  in 
counsel,  and  his  readiness  to  aid  in  all  useful  and 
practicable  enterprises,  gave  him  a  wide  influence 
in  the  community,  and  especially  in  the  denomina- 


COLGATE 


2o0 


COLGATE 


tion  of  which  he  was  from  early  life  an  active  and 
honored  member. 

Of  the  occurrence  which  led  to  his  connection 
with  that  denomination  he  gave  the  following  ac- 
count to  the  writer  of  this  sketch.  For  some  time 
after  coming  to  New  York,  he  attended  worship 
with  the  congregation  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mason,  then 
one  of  the  most  eminent  preachers  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  Writing  to  his  father,  an  Arian  Bap- 
tist, of  his  purpose  to  make  a  public  profession  of  his 
Christian  faith  in  connection  with  the  Presbyterian 
Churi;h,  lie  stated  the  chief  points  of  his  religious 
belief,  quoting  a  "  thus  saith  the  Lord''  for  each. 
lie  received  a  kind  reply  cordially  approving  of 
that  course,  and  asking  for  a  "thus  saith  the  Lord" 
in  proof  of  sprinkling  as  Christian   baptism,  and 


W1LI.I.\M    C0LG.\TE. 

of  the  baptism  of  infants  as  an  ordinance  of  Christ. 
ILipponing  to  read  the  letter  in  an  evening  company 
of  Christian  friends,  members  of  the  church  he 
attended,  he  remarked  on  leaving  them  that  he 
must  go  home  and  answer  his  fathers  questions. 
"  Poor  young  man,"  exclaimed  an  intelligent 
Christian  lady  when  he  was  gone,  "  he  little  knows 
what  he  is  undertaking!"  He  found  it  so.  And 
he  found  it  equally  hard  to  be  convinced,  by  Dr. 
Mason's  reasoning,  that  something  else  than  a 
"  thus  saith  the  Lord"  would  do  just  as  well. 

He  was  baptized  in  February,  1808,  by  the  Rev. 
William  Parkinson,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  New  York.  In  181 1  he  transferred  his 
memliership  to  the  church  in  Oliver  Street.  In 
1838    he   became  a  member   of  the    church   wor- 


shiping in  the  Tabernacle,  to  the  erection  of  which 
he  had  himself  largely  contributed. 

He  annually  subscribed  money  to  assist  in  de- 
fraying the  current  expenses  of  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution,  afterward  Miidison 
University  and  Theological  Seminary;  and  he  was 
among  the  most  strenuous  opposers  of  their  re- 
moval to  the  city  of  Rochester.  He  was  a  regular 
contributor  to  the  funds  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Union,  and  took  upon  himself  the  entire  support 
of  a  foreign  missionary.  His  other  benefactions 
were  numerous,  but  not  such  as  admit  of  specifi- 
cation. 

Our  acquaintance  with  Deacon  Colgate  com- 
menced in  1837,  when  he  was  about  to  resign  his 
place  on  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  American 
Bible  Society.  That  board,  following  the  ex- 
ample of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
had  refused  to  aid  in  printing  translations  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  by  Baptist  missionaries.  He 
desired  the  writer  to  put  in  proper  form  his 
reasons  for  withdrawing  from  the  board.  In  com- 
pliance with  his  request  we  prepared  a  full  state- 
ment of  the  case,  from  the  printed  documents  on 
both  sides.  The  ground  was  taken  that  grievous 
injustice  was  done  to  Baptists  by  the  refusal  to 
aid  in  printing  the  translations  of  their  mission- 
aries ;  Baptists  having  freely  contributed  to  the 
funds  of  the  society,  and  given  it  their  moral  sup- 
port as  managers  and  life-directors,  without  any 
dictation  to  missionaries  employed  in  translating 
by  other  organizations  represented  in  the  society. 
The  charge  of  denominational  favoritism  was  fully 
proved  against  the  society  ;  and  the  Baptist  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  of  Managers  withdrew  from  it. 

Baptists,  finding  that  they  could  not  expect  fair 
treatment  from  this  professedly  undenominational 
body,  retired  from  it,  and  formed  the  American 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  for  the  circulation 
of  the  Bible  in  our  own  and  in  foreign  lands. 
Deacon  Colgate  served  it  as  its  treasurer.  He  was 
one  of  thirteen  ministers  and  laymen  who  organized 
the  American  Bible  Union  in  1850,  and  was  treas- 
urer of  that  society  till  his  death. 

In  1811  he  married  Miss  Mary  Gilbert,  daughter 
of  Edward  Gilbert;  a  happy  union  with  a  partner 
of  congenial  spirit. 

In  all  domestic  relations  he  was  without  fault. 
He  made  generous  provision  for  his  aged  parents, 
for  whom  he  purchased  a  pleasant  home  on  a  farm 
in  a  neighboring  county,  and  ministered  to  their 
wants  while  they  lived.  His  own  home  w.as  made 
happy  by  his  personal  influence.  Of  a  cheerful 
habit  of  mind,  tempered  by  serious  earnestness,  he 
shared  the  playful  jest  and  the  good-humored  re- 
tort, and  innocent  gayety  felt  no  restraint  in  his 
presence.  He  aimed  to  make  home  pleasant,  and 
the  family  circle  the  chief  attraction  for  its  members. 


COLLIER 


251 


COLUMBIAN  UNIVERSITY 


If  he  made  any  life-long  mistake,  it  was  in  the 
endeavor  to  keep  an  even  balance  lietween  the  two 
elements  of  power,  knowledge  and  wealtli.  He  re- 
sisted the  permanent  endowment  of  the  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  at  Hamilton,  while 
willingly  aiding  in  its  support  by  annual  contribu- 
tions, and  thus  insuring  mutual  dependence.  It 
was  the  error  of  his  time  ;  and  his  sons  have  since 
nobly  rotripveil  it. 

Collier,  Rev.  William,  was  boru  in  Scituate, 
Mass.,  Oct.  11,  1771.  H.aving  removed  to  Boston 
in  his  youth,  he  attended  upon  the  ministry  of 
Stillman  and  Baldwin,  whose  preaching  led  to  his 
hopeful  conversion.  He  became  a  member  of  Dr. 
Baldwin's  church,  and  under  the  geni.il  influence 
of  his  newly-formed  love  for  his  Saviour  desired 
to  become  a  preacher  of  the  gospel.  To  fit  him- 
self for  this  work  he  entered  Brown  University, 
and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1797.  He  pursued 
his  theological  studies  under  Dr.  Maxey,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  June  3,  1798.  His  ordination 
took  place  in  Boston,  July  11,  1799.  After  brief 
pastorates  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  in  New  York 
City,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Charle.stown,  Mass.,  and  remained  there  for  six- 
teen years,  acting  for  a  part  of  the  time  as  chap- 
lain of  the  State  prison  in  that  city.  On  account 
of  impaired  health  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his 
pastorate  in  1S20.  He  was  appointed  "minister 
at  large"  in  Boston,  where  he  proved  himself  "a 
workman  indeed,"  performing  a  vast  amount  of 
ministerial  labor,  his  term  of  service  reaching  be- 
yond the  seventieth  year  of  his  life.  He  secured 
for  himself  the  sincere  affectioji  and  respect  of  the 
community  in  which,  for  so  long  a  time  and  so 
faithfully,  he  wrought  for  his  Master.  The  mes- 
senger of  death  came  to  him  in  the  midst  of  his 
work,  and  he  was  allowed  but  a  brief  respite  from 
his  labors.  Suddenly  smitten  down,  he  lingered 
a  few  weeks  ami  then  died,  March  19,  1843. 

A  hymn-book,  which  was  used  somewhat  exten- 
sively in  Baptist  churches,  was  compiled  by  Mr. 
Collier.  He  edited  also  the  Baptist  Preacher. 
He  prepared  for  the  press  an  edition  of  Saurin's 
sermons,  the  "  Gospel  Treasury,"  an  edition  of 
Andrew  Fuller's  works,  and  some  other  produc- 
tions. Dr.  Stow  says  of  him,  "The  memory  of 
Mr.  Collier  is  fragrant  in  this  community.  The 
sphere  that  he  filled  was  not  large,  but  he  filled  it 
well.     He  walked  with  God." 

Collis,  Rev.  S.  M.,  was  born  in  Burke  Co., 
N.  C,  Jan.  30,  KSIS  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  S.  Mugan 
in  August.  1838;  ordained  in  June,  1844,  Revs.  S. 
Mugan,  R.  Patterson,  and  Peter  Miller  forming 
the  Presbytery  ;  has  served  many  churches  as  pas- 
tor, one  of  them  for  thirty  years;  was  for  nine 
years  clerk  of  the  Roon  Mountain  Association,  and 
fourteen  years   moderator  of  the  same  body ;   a 


strong  temperance  man,  and  a  great  advocate  of 
missions. 

Colman,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Feb.  19,  1794.  Having  com|iletcd  his 
studies,  he  was  ordained  in  Boston,  Sept.  10.  1817: 
was  appointed  a  missionary  to  Burmah  the  pre- 
vious May.  He  sailed  from  Boston.  Nov.  10.  1817, 
with  Rev.  E.  W.  Whedock.  and  arrived  in  Calcutta 
April  15,  1818,  and  in  Rangoon  the  following  Sep- 
tember. He  was  associated  with  Dr.  Judson  in  mis- 
sionary labor,  and  was  his  companion  in  the  visit 
to  Ava  to  see  what  could  be  done  to  secure  the 
favor  of  the  king,  and  toleration  for  the  religion 
which  they  were  trying  to  preach  to  his  subjects. 
The  story  of  this  excursion  is  related  in  the  first 
volume  of  Dr.  Wayland's  •'  Memoir  of  Dr.  Judson." 
and  the  whole  transaction  is  invested  with  an  air 
of  Oriental  romance  which  makes  it  full  of  interest. 
The  errand  was  a  fruitless  one,  and  the  missionaries 
returned  to  the  field  of  their  labors,  feeling  that  in 
God  alone  could  they  put  their  trust.  It  seemed 
desirable  that  a  mission  station  should  bo  estab- 
lished on  the  b(jrders  of  Burmah,  to  which,  in  case 
of  severe  per.secution,  the  missionaries  might  flee. 
Chittagong  was  chosen,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colman 
proceeded  to  the  place  thus  selected.  After  a  brief 
residence  here  Mr.  Colman  decided  to  remove  to 
Cox's  Bazaar,  that  he  might  be  brought  info  more 
immediate  contact  with  the  class  of  people  whoir. 
he  wished  especially  to  influence.  It  was  an  un- 
healthy village  in  which  he  had  made  his  home. 
After  a  few  months  of  unremitting  labor  he  took 
the  jungle  fever,  and  died  July  4,  1822. 

Colman,  Jeremiah  James,  member  of  Parlia- 
ment  for  the  city  of  Norwich,  England,  belongs  to 
an  old  Baptist  family  well  known  for  many  years 
in  that  district.  He  became  in  early  life  a  member 
of  the  church  in  St.  Mary's  chapel,  Norwich,  during 
the  pastorate  of  Dr.  Brock,  and  has  served  with 
fidelity  and  honor  in  the  deacon's  office  for  a  long 
period.  The  firm  with  which  he  is  connected  gives 
employment  to  about  2000  persons,  and  does  busi- 
ness with  all  parts  of  the  world.  He  was  first 
chosen  a  member  of  Parliament  for  Norwich  in 
1871,  and  again  at  every  succeeding  election  at  the 
head  of  the  poll.  His  generous  interest  in  (lopular 
education  was  demonstrated  by  the  erection,  at  bis 
own  cost,  of  an  elegant  and  substantial  school  for  the 
children  of  families  employed  at  his  works.  Few 
large  employers  have  succeeded  in  winning  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  their  people  to  a  greater  extent 
than  the  Colmans  of  Norwich.  Mr.  Colman  has  for 
many  years  rendered  substantial  aid  to  every  good 
work  in  his  neighborhood,  without  regard  to  party 
or  sect,  but  he  is  equally  well  known  for  his  at- 
tachment to  liberal  and  non-conformist  principles. 

Columbian  University,  Washington,  D.  C,  was, 
in  its  origin,  a  direct  outgrowth  of  the  missionary 


COL  U.MBIAN  UNIVKHSITY 


252 


COLUMBIAN  UNIVERSITY 


spirit.  When  JudsoD,  who  had  graduated  at  Brown 
University  ami  tlii>n  at  Andovor  Th(>ol()i;iciil  Semi- 
nary, and  Kice,  wlio  was  liis  assoeiato  in  study,  had, 
on  their  voj'ajie  as  the  first  American  missionaries  to 
India,  become  Baptists,  there  was  but  one  college — 
Brown  University,  organized  in  1764 — under  the 
control  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  For  fifty 
years  from  that  time,  down  to  the  organization  of 
tlift  Ba|)tist  Trii'nnial  Convention,  and  the  return 
of  Kice  to  awaken  the  Baptists  to  tlie  need  of  sus- 
taining .Jndson  in  the  work  of  foreign  missions,  no 
second  college  and  no  theological  seminary  had 
been  originated.  In  about  ten  years  from  that 
time,  however,  no  less  than  five  institution's  of 
learning,  which  have  grown  into  colleges  and  the- 
ological seminaries,  were  founded,  at  Ilamiltun, 
N.  Y.,  in  1819;  Watervillc,  Me.,  in  1S20  ;  W.ash- 
ington,  D.  C,  in  1822:  Georgetown,  Ky.,  in  1824; 
and  at  Xewton,  Mass.,  in  1825;  while,  during  the 
next  ten  years,  five  other  centres  caught  the  same 
impulse,  resulting  in  the  founding  of  the  Richmond 
College,  Va.  ;  Wake  Forest,  N.  C.  ;  Furman  Uni- 
versity, S.  C.  ;  Mercer  University,  Ga. ;  and  New 
Hampton  Institute,  N.  II.  There  must  have  been 
some  new  and  controlling  sentiment  that  caused 
this  simultaneous  and  wide-spread  movement,  and 
the  history  of  the  Columbian  College  reveals  that 
sentiment  most  clearly,  as  it  was  for  a  time  the 
centre  of  the  new  interest.  Luther  Rice,  in  trav- 
eling througli  the  country  as  a  recent  convert  to 
Baptist  views  of  Scripture  truth,  and  having  as  his 
first  and  great  object  the  awakening  of  an  interest 
in  foreign  missions,  was  struck  with  the  deep  hold 
which  the  views  he  had  been  led  to  receive  had 
taken  on  the  popular  mind ;  while  at  the  same 
time  he  found  no  institution  whose  special  mission 
it  was  to  train  young  men  to  defend  those  views  at 
home  and  abroad.  A  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
Hebrew  and  Greek  languages  of  the  original  Old 
and  New  Testament  Scriptures  was,  of  cour.so,  in- 
dispensable for  those  who  were  to  become  foreign 
missionaries,  ami  who  would  be  called  upon  to 
translate  the  Scriptures  into  tongues  whose  vocab- 
ulary was  but  ill-fitited  to  have  incorporated  into  it 
the  great  truths  of  the  gospel.  That  knowledge, 
also,  was  of  prime  importance  for  all  those  who, 
as  her.alds  of  that  truth  at  home,  must  be  able  to 
defend  the  faith  as  first  given.  Furthermore,  it 
seemed  a  necessary  part  of  the  individual  duty  of 
those  who  regarded  the  Bible  as  the  only  rule  of 
faith  that  they  should,  above  all  others,  seek  its 
meaning  in  the  words  used  by  the  inspired  writers. 
The  conviction  of  Rice  that  the  Baptists  should 
have  new  centres  of  learning,  and  .should  found  at 
least  one  eentral  theological  seminary,  soon  became 
common.  In  locating  this  centr.al  institution 
two  ideas  prevailed  with  Rice :  first,  that  from 
his  intimate  personal  acquaintance  with  the  Bap- 


tists of  the  entire  country  the  theological  semi- 
nary should  be  located  at  the  geogray)hical  and 
national  centre  ;  and,  second,  that  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington was  the  most  suitalde  pliice,  since,  from  the 
origin  of  the  government,  that  place  had  been  re- 
garded by  the  leading  statesmen  of  the  n.ation  as  a 
centre  whore  promising  youth  from  every  section 
of  the  country  could  best  gather  for  a  common  edu- 
cation. President  Washington,  in  his  message  ad- 
dressed to  Congress,  Jan.  8,  1790,  had  urged  the 
adoption  of  such  a  course,  and  when  for  seven 
years  these  recommendations  had  been  neglected, 
he,  in  his  last  message,  used  these  emphatic  words: 
"  Such  an  institution  would  secure  the  assimilation 
of  the  principles,  opinions,  and  n\anners  of  our 
countrymen  by  the  common  education  of  a  portion 
of  our  youth  from  every  quarter.  .  .  .  Tiie  more 
homogeneous  our  citizens  can  be  made  in  these 
particulars  the  greater  will  be  the  prospect  of  per- 
m.anent  union.  ...  Its  desirableness  has  so  con- 
stantly increased  with  every  new  view  I  have  taken 
of  the  subject,  that  I  cannot  omit  the  opportunity 
of  once  for  all  recalling  your  attention  to.it." 
Presidents  Jeffer.son  and  Monroe  made  similar 
recommendations  at  diflerent  times.  During  the 
administration  of  President  Monroe  the  Columbian 
College  was  founded,  and  he,  together  with  many 
other  able  statesmen  of  the  time,  among  them 
John  Quincy  Adams,  gave  it  their  aid  by  written 
recommendations  and  bj'  donations;  and,  until  the 
war  in  1801,  the  Presidents  and  their  Cabinets, 
without  exception,  attended  the  annual  commence- 
ments, thus  justifying  the  conviction  of  its  founders 
in  the  propriety  of  its  location. 

In  1817.  at  the  second  meeting  of  the  Baptist 
General  Convention,  the  plan  was  approved.  By 
the  efforts  of  Lutlier  Rice,  who  was  appointed 
agent,  grounds  north  of  the  city,  extending  between 
Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Streets,  were  purchased, 
and  a  college  building,  with  two  houses  for  pro- 
fes.sors,  was  erected.  In  1821,  the  charter  was  ob- 
tained from  Congress,  and  the  Baptist  Convention, 
which  met  that  year  in  Washington,  approved  the 
measures  thus  taken.  The  college  opened  in  1822, 
and  among  its  first  officers  were  Dr.  Stoughton, 
President;  Irah  Chase  and  Alvah  Woods,  Theo- 
logical Professors ;  Thomas  Sewall  and  .Jas.  M. 
Staughton,  Medieval  Professors ;  William  Cranch 
and  Wm.  T.  Carroll,  Law  Professors;  Rufus  Bab- 
cock,  .J.  D.  Knowles,  Thomas  J.  Conant,  and  Robt. 
E.  Pattison,  Tutors ;  also  Wm.  Ruggles  and  Alexis 
Caswell  were  afterwards  appointed  professors. 
Among  its  earliest  graduates  were  lion.  Thos.  D. 
Eliot,  Robt.  W.  Cushman,  Baron  Stow,  Rolin  R. 
Neale,  and  others  since  eminent  in  three  profes- 
sions. At  its  first  commencement  all  branches  of 
the  government,  with  Lafayette  as  visitor,  were 
present. 


COLUMBIAN  UNirEKSITY 


253 


COL  UMBIAN  LXI VERSITY 


The  special  claims  of  the  college  proper  led  to 
the  early  withdrawal  of  the  theolofiical  professors, 
and  to  the  fcmndiiii;,  in  1S25,  of  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  hy  I'r.  Chase.  Financial  em- 
harrassments  soon  trouliled  the  college,  and  led  to 
the  suspension  of  all  its  departments  in  1S27.  when, 
for  a  year,  AVin.  Ruggles,  then  Professor  of  Math- 
ematics and  Natural  Philosophy,  alone  of  all  its 
oflSccrs  remained  at  his  post.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Staugliton,  one  of  the  most  hrilliant  and  popnhir 
of  American  preachers,  and  attractive  and  inspiring 
as  a  teacher,  after  efforts  to  relieve  and  sustain  the 
college  which  fatally  impaired  his  health,  while  on 
his  way  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  new  college 
organized  at  Georgetown,  Ky.,  was  arrested  hy 
sickness  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  died  at  the  resi- 
dence of  his  son,  who  had  been  one  of  tlie  medical 
faculty.  During  the  business  trouliles  of  this 
period  Dr.  Alvah  Woods  acted  as  financial  agent, 
aiding  Luther  Rice  in  1S22-23,  and  Rev.  Elon 
Galusha,  in  1826-27.  In  1827,  Rev.  Robt.  B. 
Seniple,  of  Virginia,  became  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees,  and  financial  agent,  in  which  self-deny- 
ing service  he  was  engaged  till  lSo3.  In  183.1, 
the  Rev.  Luther  Rice  died  in  Edgefield  District, 
S  ('.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  denied  him- 
self the  comforts  of  liome  and  family;  rode  night 
and  day  ;  preached  almost  constantly  ;  received 
contributions  for  missions  and  for  the  college; 
would  take  no  salary;  and  leaving  at  his  death 
only  a  horse  and  worn-out  sulky,  his  last  mes- 
ciage,  when  asked  what  should  be  done  with  his 
scanty  effects,  showed  the  ruling  principle  of  his 
life  still  dominant,  as  lie  replied,  '"  Send  /hem  la  the 
eoUeijel"  , 

In  IcS28,  Dr.  Stephen  Chapin  was  elected  presi- 
dent, and  the  college  was  reopened.  His  adminis- 
tration continued  thirteen  years, — from  1828  to 
1841.  Dr.  Chapin  was  pre-eminent  for  those  calm 
and  solid  qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  which  made 
him  so  instructive  a  preacher  and  teacher,  and  .so 
patient  a  worker  botli  within  and  without  the  col- 
lege, and  which  secured  for  it  a  gradual  increase  of 
students,  and  a  final  recovei'y  from  indebtedness. 

During  Dr.  Chapin's  administration  the  medical 
department  was  sustain<d  with  Dr.  Thomas  Sevvall 
as  its  liead  ;  and  the  college  was  favored  witli  tlie 
instructions  of  Prof.  ,T.  O'B.  Cliaplin  and  Dr.  .Vdiel 
Sherwood,  the  latter,  after  the  death  of  Luther  Rice, 
acting  as  financial  agent  from  183(5  to  1840.  On 
the  resign.ation  of  Dr.  Chapin,  the  college  was  pre- 
sided over  for  neafly  two  years,  by  Prof.  William 
Ruggles,  when,  in  1843,  Dr.  .loel  S.  Bacon  became 
president,  at  which  time  it  was  free  from  debt,  but 
without  endowment.  Dr.  Bacon  lirought  to  his 
work  a  genial  and  winning  address,  and  a  well- 
stored  and  inventive  mind,  and  the  patronage 
of   the   college   was   soon    increased.     Under   his 


administration  the  medical  department  had  the 
eminent  services  of  Drs.  Harvey  Lindsly,  Thomas 
Miller,  John  F.  May,  L.  F.  Gale,  Grafton  Tyler. 
Josliua  Riley,  and  William  P.  .Johnston.  The  col- 
lege faculty  secured,  first  as  tutor,  in  1843,  and  then 
as  professor,  in  1846,  the  services  of  Prof.  A.  J. 
Huntington,  D.D.,  in  Greek,  whoso  connection, 
though  interrupted  by  several  years  spent  at  two 
different  periods  in  the  charge  of  churches,  has 
added  greatly  to  the  efficiency  of  the  college  in- 
struction. Prof.  R.  P.  Latham  was  also  an  efiicient 
officer  from  18.52  to  18.54.  From  1847  to  1849  the 
Rev.  A.  M.  Poindexter,  D.D.,  acted  as  a  successful 
agent  in  securing  the  first  funded  endowment.  In 
1851-52  the  Rev.  W.  F.  Broaddus,  D.D.,  obtained 
subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $2(1.000,  thus  se- 
curing a  conditional  pnimise  of  -lohn  Wiihers, 
of  Alexandria,  Va.,  for  a  similar  amount.  During 
this  and  two  succeeding  administrations  of  the  col- 
lege Col.  James  L.  Edwards  was  the  efficient  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  trustees.  After  a  presidency 
of  eleven  years,  Dr.  Bacon  resigned  in  18.54,  and 
the  college  for  another  year  was  presided  over  by 
Prof.  William  Ruggles.  In  1855,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
G.  Binney,  who,  after  many  years  as  president  of 
the  Karen  Theological  Seminary  in  Burmah,  had 
become  pastor  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  was  elected  presi- 
dent. Dr.  Binney  brought  to  his  office  a  mind  of 
uuusual  analytical  power  and  special  educational 
skill  ;  and  the  system  of  instruction  and  the  disci- 
pline of  the  college  were  made  eminently  efficient. 
The  patronage  of  the  college  was  extended,  and 
had  not  Dr.  Binney  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  return 
to  Burmah,  his  administration  would  have  proved 
still  more  beneficial  to  the  institution.  Dr.  Binney 
was  aided  in  the  ciillege  faculty  by  tlie  services  of 
Drs.  L.  II.  Steiiier,  John  S.  Newberry,  and  Natlian 
Smith  Lincoln,  in  Chemistry  and  Natural  History  ; 
of  Prof.  William  E.  Jillson,  in  Rhetoric ;  and  of 
Prof.  E.  T.  Fristoe,  LL.D..  in  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy.  Tlie  medical  department  liad 
added  to  its  efficient  faculty  during  this  period  Drs. 
J.  A.  Waring,  E.  W.  Ililgard,  and  N.  S.  Lincoln. 
After  a  presidency  of  three  years  Dr.  Binney,  in 
1858,  resigned,  to  return  to  his  work  in  Burmah. 
During  18.58-59  the  college  was  presided  over  hy 
Prof.  William  Ruggles,  LL.D. 

In  18,59,  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Samson,  D.D..  who  had 
been  elected  a  year  previously,  became  president. 
The  .administration  of  Dr.  Binney.  as  the  result 
showed,  had  awakened  a  public  confidence  in  the 
future  of  the  college  which  led  to  three  simultane- 
ous bequests  made  in  the  year  1857, — that  of  .John 
Withers,  of  Alexandria,  Va..  giving  one-fifth  of 
his  estate  ;  that  of  Prof.  Romeo  Elton.  D.D.,  then 
of  Bath.  England,  giving  one-half  of  his  estate 
after  other  bequests  ;  and  that  of  James  McCut- 
chen,  of  Cieorgetown,  D.  C. ;  these  bequests  being 


CUL  VKll 


254 


CULVEli 


founded  on  the  expectation  that  the  fourth  presi- 
dent would  retain  his  office,  thou;;h  the  first  two 
were  piven  in  the  name  of  the  fifth  president,  who 
for  aliout  fifteen  yenrs  liad  been  an  efficient  trustee. 
At  this  juncture  Prof.  S.  M.  Sluite,  D.D.,  Prof  0. 
C.  Scliaeffer,  M.I).,  and  Edwin  Cull  were  added  to 
the  faculty,  the  last  of  whom,  after  one  year  as 
tutor  and  a  second  year  a.s  adjunct  professor,  closed 
his  career  of  the  brij;htest  promise  as  a  classical 
scholar,  while  pursuin;;  his  studies  in  Germany. 
Dr.  Wm.  Ivu^';:les  still  .acted  as  professor,  his  de- 
partment beiiij;  chan;;ed  to  that  of  Political  Phi- 
losophy, in  which  his  instructions,  given  amid  the 
excitements  preceding;  the  war,  left  an  impression 
on  the  minds  of  the  youth  of  both  sections  of  the 
country  never  to  be  forjjotten.  The  number  of 
students  at  this  time  was  larger  than  at  any  other 
period  in  the  history  of  the  college,  but  the  war 
soon  scattered  them.  The  president,  with  Profs. 
Shute  and  Ruggles,  determined,  with  the  aid  of 
tutors,  to  maintain  college  instruction  during  the 
progress  of  the  war.  The  rental  of  the  college 
buildings  by  the  U.  S.  government  met  the  ex- 
pense, and  also  canceled  a  debt  of  ?9()00  incurred 
under  the  previous  administration  in  maintaining 
an  able  faculty.  The  classes  were  small  but  the 
instruction  was  thorough,  and  some  of  the  most 
successful  of  our  younger  lawyers  and  clergymen 
graduated  during  that  trying  period.  The  close 
of  the  war  demanded  a  thorough  readjustment  of 
all  the  departments.  At  the  death  of  Col.  Edwards 
the  Hon.  Amos  Kendall  became  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees.  A  building  was  given  by  W. 
W.  Corcoran,  LL.D.,  to  the  medical  department; 
another  was  secured  for  a  law  department,  in 
which  a  large  and  most  efficiently  conducted  school 
was  gathered,  and  the  building  paid  for  out  of 
its  proceeds.  The  college  grounds  were  graded 
and  improved;  a  building  for  the  preparatory 
school  was  erected  ;  the  three  legacies  before  men- 
tioned matured  and  were  in  part  paid  ;  and  during 
a  period  of  six  years  $1.50,000  was  added,  in  vari- 
ous ways,  to  the  property  of  the  college.  Much 
of  the  efficiency  that  marked  the  recuperation  after 
the  war  was  due  to  the  able  co-operation  of  the 
board  of  trustees  residing  in  Washington,  among 
whom  were  J.  C.  Welling,  LL.D.,  now  president 
of  the  college  ;  Prof  Joseph  Ilenry,  LL.D.,  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  :  W.  W.  Corcoran,  LL.D., 
Dr.  Chr.  II.  Nichols,  and  others.  In  1S71,  after 
twelve  years'  service.  Dr.  Samson  resigned  and  ac- 
cepted the  presidency  of  Rutgers  Female  College, 
N.  Y.  Recently  the  name  of  the  college  w.as 
changed  to  the  Columbian  University  ;  and  under 
the  talented  leadership  of  President  Welling  bright 
hopes  .are  entertained  of  its  future  usefulness. 

Colver,  Nathaniel,  D.D. — -Although  most  nf 
Dr.  Colver's  life  was  spent  elsewhere  than  in  Illi- 


nois, yet  his  connection  with  important  work  at 
Chicago  in  his  later  j'ears,  and  his  death  and  burial 
there,  render  it  fitting  that  his  memorial  should 
appear  in  this  connection.  Nathaniel  Colver  was 
born  at  Orwell,  Vt.,  May  10,  1794.  His  father, 
Nathaniel  Colver,  Sr.,  as  also  his  father,  was  a 
Baptist  minister,  for  many  years  active  in  pioneer 
service  in  Vermont  and  Northern  New  York. 
While  Nathaniel  was  still  achild  the  family  removed 
to  Cbaniplain,  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  last- 
named  State,— and  that  continued  to  be  their  home 
until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  fifteen.  It  was  at 
West  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  to  which  the  family  then 
removed,  that  he  was  converted,  and  that  he  de- 
cided to  enter  the  ministry.  He  served  as  pastor 
at  Clarendim,  Vt. ;  at  Fort  Covington,  N.  Y.  ;  as 
al.so,  later,  in  various  places  farther  south  in  the 
same  State, —  Kingsbury,  Fort  Ann,  and  Union  Vil- 
lage. In  lcS39  he  was  called  to  Boston,  and,  in 
association  with  Timothy  Gilbert  and  others  like- 
minded,  organized  the  church  which  then  and  since 
became  famous  as  the  Tremont  Temple  church. 
His  ministry  here  was  a  remarkable  one,  unique  in 
the  history  of  the  Boston  pulpit,  and  scarcely 
equaled  anywhere  in  this  country  at  any  time  for 
boldness,  energy,  the  mastery  of  formidable  difficul- 
ties, and  its  hold  upon  popular  interest.  In  the 
higher  results  of  spiritual  effectiveness  it  was  no 
less  notable.  In  l.H,'j2,  Mr.  Colver  left  Boston  for 
South  Abington,  a  village  in  the  vicinity,  where  he 
remained  .as  pastor  until  his  call  to  Detroit  in  IS.'JS. 
Here  he  remained  until  I.S.5G  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church.  At  the  date  just  n.amed  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Cincinnati.  While 
here  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  given  to 
him  by  the  college  at  Granville.  Leaving  Cincin- 
nati in  1801,  he  came  to  Chicago  as  pastor  of  the 
Tabernacle,  now  Second  church.  It  was  at  Cin- 
cinnati that  he  first  became  personally  enlisted  in 
the  education  of  young  men  for  the  ministry ;  a 
class  meeting  him  there,  steadily,  in  his  study.  At 
Chicago  this  work  was  resumed,  and  when  the 
preliminary  steps  towards  the  organization  of  a 
theological  seminary  were  taken,  he  was  invited  to 
become  the  professor  of  doctrinal  theology.  During 
the  years  1807-70,  Dr.  Colver  was  at  Richmond, 
Va.,  as  president  of  the  Freedmen's  Institute  there. 
Ilis  health  failing  him,  in  the  last-named  year  he 
returned  to  Chicago,  where  he  died  on  Sabbath 
morning.  Dec.  25,  1870. 

With  what  was  so  marked  and  signal  in  Dr.  Col- 
ver's career  as  a  preacher  must  be  associated  his 
active  share  in  various  public  movements.  As 
a  zealous  advocate  of  the  principles  of  anti-M.asonry, 
as  a  thorough-going  temperance  man,  as  one  of  the 
foremost  in  the  anti-slavery  ranks,  be  was  during 
much  of  his  life  identified  with  radical  reformers, 
and  one  of  their  most  conspicuous  champions.    As  a 


COMER 


•25b 


COMMUNION 


preacher,  he  was  doctrinal,  fervid,  and  often  exceed- 
ingly eloquent.  Ilis  commamiing  figure,  his  speak- 
ing face,  his  melodious  voice,  his  sparkling,  resolute 
eye  were  physical  helps  in  oratory  of  no  mean 
kind.  While  the  racy,  often  quaint  forms  of  speech, 
with  a  certain  beautiful  homeliness  in  them,  made 
him  popular  with  the  masses,  cultivated  people  as 
well  found  in  its  simple  strength  an  element  often 
lacking  in  what  is  more  finished.  In  his  last  days 
he  often  reviewed  the  incidents  of  his  eventful 
career,  and  while  recognizing  the  personal  Christian 
e.xcellence  of  many  with  whom  he  had  differed, 
declared  his  unshaken  confidence  in  the  principles 
he  had  advocated. 

Comer,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Boston,  Aug. 
1,  1704.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  and  Mary 
Comer.  While  on  a  voyage  to  England  to  visit  his 
relatives  his  father  died,  leaving  his  child,  then  less 
than  two  years  of  age,  to  the  care  of  his  widowed 
mother  and  his  grandfather,  who  bore  the  same 
name  with  himself.  When  he  reached  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  was  placed  as  an  apprentice  with  a 
gliiver  to  learn  that  trade.  His  heart,  however, 
was  not  in  his  work.  He  longed  to  obtain  an  edu- 
cation. Through  the  intercession  of  Dr.  Increase 
Mather  arrangements  were  made  to  release  him 
from  his  apprenticeship  when  he  was  in  the  seven- 
teenth year  of  his  age.  lie  commenced  at  once  a 
course  of  preparatory  study,  and  entered  Harvard 
College,  and  subsequently  became  a  student  in 
Yale  College.  While  a  member  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege he  became  a  Christian,  and  united  with  the 
Congregational  church  of  which  Rev.  Nathaniel 
Appleton  was  the  pastor.  He  afterwards  became 
a  Baptist,  and  was  baptized  by  his  uncle.  Rev. 
Elisha  Calleniler,  .Jan.  31,  172o,  and  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Soon  after  he 
connected  himself  with  the  church  in  Boston  he 
began  to  preach,  first  as  a  supply  of  the  venerable 
church  in  Swanzey,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  a 
short  time,  and  then  went  to  Newport,  R.  I.,  where 
he  was  ordained  as  a  colleague  with  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Peckham,  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in 
1726.  He  remained  with  this  church  not  far  from 
three  years,  and  then  resigned  in  consequence  of 
his  attempt  to  have  the  practice  of  laying  on  of 
hands  uniformly  observed  by  the  church  in  the  a<l- 
missioii  of  new  members.  The  ne.xt  two  years 
Mr.  Comer  acted  as  a  supply  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Newport,  and  then  became  the  pastor  of 
a  church  in  the  southern  part  of  old  Rehoboth, 
Mass.,  near  to  Swanzey.  This  church  maintained 
his  peculiar  views  on  the  subject  of  the  laving  on 
of  hands.  His  connection  with  this  church  con- 
tinued about  two  years,  and  was  terminated  by  his 
death,  which  occurred  May  23,  1734,  in  his  thirtieth 
year. 

Rev.   Dr.  Henry  J.ackson   says  of  Mr.  Comer, 


"  He  was  a  gentleman  of  education,  piety,  and 
great  success  in  his  profession.  During  his  brief 
life  he  collected  a  large  body  of  facts,  intending  at 
some  future  period  to  write  the  history  of  the 
American  Baptist  churches.  Ilis  manuscript."  he 
never  printed,  nor  did  he,  as  I  learn,  ever  prepare 
them  for  publication.  He  was  even  unable  to  re- 
vise them,  and  they  were,  of  course,  left  in  their 
original  condition.  Nevertheless,  he  made  an  able 
and  most  valuable  contribution  to  Rlidde  Island 
history.  His  papers  were  probably  written  about 
1729-31."  From  all  the  accounts  which  we  have 
of  Mr.  Comer  he  gave  promise  of  great  usefulness. 
Mr.  Comer  was  the  most  remarkable  young  man 
in  the  Baptist  history  of  Xew  England,  and  his 
early  death  was  a  calamity  to  the  churches  in  that 
section  of  our  country,  suffering  at  the  time  so 
severely  from  Puritan  persecutions,  and  needing  so 
much  his  unusual  talents  and  splendid  acquire- 
ments for  the  marvelous  prosperity,  the  bright  day 
of  which  was  so  soon  to  break  upon  our  struggling 
and  lioppful  communities. 

Communion,  Close,  or  Restricted.— That  the 
ordinances  of  the  Lord's  house  are  for  his  own 
children  admits  of  no  discussion  ;  so  that  in  any 
case  there  must  be  some  restriction.  And  when  wo 
examine  the  Word  of  God  we  find  believer's  bap- 
tism always  preceding  every  other  Christian  duty 
and  privilege.  When  the  Saviour  gives  his  com- 
mission he  orders  his  apostles  '"  to  teach  {make  dis- 
ciples of)  all  nations,  baptizing  them  in  the  name 
of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy 
Spirit;  teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  what- 
soever he  commanded  them."' — Matt,  xxviii.  10,  20. 
After  faith  comes  baptism,  then  other  duties  and 
privileges.  Baptism  precedes  all  Christian  exer- 
cises, after  faith,  according  to  Jesus.  Under  the 
dispensation  of  the  Spirit  the  saiue  instruction  is 
imparted.  When  he  descended  on  the  day  of  Pen- 
tecost in  great  power,  many  gladly  received  the 
Word  and  "were  baptized,  and  the  same  day  there 
were  added  unto  them  .about  tliree  thousand  souls  ; 
and  they  continued  steadfastly  in  the  apostles'  doc- 
trine and  fellowship,  and  in  breaking  of  bread,  and 
in  prayers." — Acts  ii.  41, 42.  These  three  thousand 
are  not  brought  to  the  Lord's  table  first  after  receiv- 
ing the  Word  gladly;  after  believing,  the  rite  of  bap- 
tism is  immediately  adn\inistered  :  then  they  are 
formally  added  to  the  church,  and  continue  .'Stead- 
fastly in  the  apostles'  doctrine  (teaching)  and 
fellowship,  and  in  bre.iking  of  bread,  and  in 
prayers.  The  breaking  of  bre.ad.  or  participation 
in  the  Lord's  .Supper,  comes  after  baptism  and  teach- 
ing. This  is  the  law  of  Christ,  and  the  practice  of  the 
Spirit,  his  earthly  representative  after  his  ascension. 
In  the  book  of  Acts  throughout,  baptism  follows  pro- 
fessed faith  immedialehj  and  invariably.  And  as 
the  cases  are  very  numerous,  and  as  the  adminis- 


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256 


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trators  of  the  baptism  were  Generally  inspired  men, 
tliey  (irove  that  iiiiinersioii  .should  precede  the  Sup- 
per and  all  other  Christian  duties  and  privilei^es. 
The  jailer's  ease  signiticantly  shows  this.  He  and 
his  household  believe  rejoicing  in  God,  at  '"  mid- 
night;"  "and  he  toolc  theia  (Paul  and  Silas)  the 
same  hour  of  the  nit/ht  and  washed  their  stripes, 
and  was  l)aptizcd,  he  and  all  his,  straightway." — 
Aets  xvi.  UiJ-3.'5.  Paul  does  not  spread  the  Lord's 
table  for  them  first,  but  they  are  "  straightway" 
baptized.  This  is  the  uniform  record  of  such  conver- 
sions in  the  Scriptures.  In  no  instance  in  the  Holy 
Word  is  it  said,  or  even  hinted,  th.at  an  unbaptized 
man  came  to  the  communion.  Even  Robert  Hall, 
the  apostle  of  open  communion,  "admits,  without 
hesitation,  that  subsequently  to  our  Lord's  resur- 
rection the  converts  to  the  Christian  faith  sub- 
mitted to  that  ordinance  (baptism)  prior  to  their  re- 
ception into  the  Christian  church.  As  little,"  says 
he,  "are  we  disposed  to  deny  that  it  is  at  present 
the  duty  of  the  sincere  believer  to  follow  their  ex- 
ample, .and  tliat  supposing  him  to  be  convinced  of 
the  nature  and  import  of  baptism,  he  would  be 
yuiltij  of  a  criminal  irregularity  who  neglected  to 
attend  to  it,  previous  to  his  entering  into  Christian 
fellowship.  On  the  obligation  of  both  the  positive 
rites  enjoined  in  the  New  Testament,  and  the  prior 
claim  of  baptism  to  the  attention  of  such  as  are 
properlij  enlightened  on  the  subject,  we  hare  no  dis- 
jnite."*  Then,  according  to  the  brilliant  preacher 
of  Cambridge,  Leicester,  and  Bristol,  believers 
should  be  baptized  before  coming  to  the  Supper, 
if  "  they  are  properly  enlightened ;"  that  is,  God 
gives  baptism  the  precedence;  for  no  amount  of 
enlightenment  or  ignorance  in  men  could  give  bap- 
tism a  "  prior  claim  to  the  attention  of  such  as  are 
properly  enlightened  on  the  subject,"  unless  God 
had  bestowed  the  precedence  upon  it.  And  accord- 
ing to  the  Book  of  Books,  open  communion  rests 
upon  a  foundation  outside  the  boundaries  of  Reve- 
lation. 

Whatever  may  be  the  opinion  of  individuals,  all 
Christian  coiiimnnities,  recognizing  baptism  and  the 
Supper  to  be  binding  rites,  except  Open  Communion 
Baptists,  require  baptism  before  admission  to  the 
communion.  This  declaration  is  true  of  the  entire 
history  of  Christianity.  Speaking  of  the  early 
Christians,  the  learned  Lord  Chancellor  King,  in 
his  ■'  Primitive  Church,"  says,  "  Th(^  persons  com- 
municating were  not  indifferently  all  that  professed 
the  Christian  faith,  as  Origen  writes,  '  It  doth  not 
belong  to  every  one  to  eat  of  this  bread,  and  to 
drink  of  this  cup.'  But  they  were  only  such  as 
were  in  the  number  of  the  faithful,  '  such  as  were 
baptized  and  received  both  the  credentials  and 
practicals   of  Christianity.'   .  .  .  Baptism    ahv,ays 

*  Hall  on  Terms  of  Communion,  pp.  39,  40.    London,  1861. 


preceded  the  Lord's  Supper,  as  Justin  Martyr  says, 
'  It  is  not  lawful  for  any  one  to  partake  of  the  sacra- 
mental food  except  he  be  baptized.'  ''f  Dr.  Dwight, 
a  Congregationalist,  and  a  former  president  of  Yale 
College,  says,  "  It  is  an  indispensable  qualification 
for  this  ordinance  that  the  candidate  for  communion 
be  a  member  of  the  visible  church  of  Chiist,  in 
full  standing.  By  this  I  intend  that  he  shouM  be 
a  man  of  piety  ;  that  he  should  have  niaile  a  public 
profession  of  religion,  and  that  he  should  have  been 
))aptized."t 

The  author  of  a  Methodist  work  on  baptism,  a 
minister  of  .some  repute  among  his  own  people, 
writes,  "  Before  entering  upon  the  argument  before 
us,  it  is  but  just  to  remark  that  in  one  principle 
the  Baptist  and  Pedobaptist  Churches  agree.  They 
both  agree  in  j-ejecting  from  communion  at  the  table 
of  the  Lord,  and  in  denying  the  rights  of  church 
fellowship  to  all  who  have  not  been  baptized.  .  .  . 
Their  (Baptists)  views  of  baptism  force  them  upon 
the  ground  of  strict  communion,  and  herein  they 
act  upon  the  saioe  principles  as  other  churches, — 
i.e.,  they  admit  only  those  whom  they  deem  baptized 
persons  to  the  communion  table.''?  Other  de- 
nominations might  be  cited  to  give  the  same  testi- 
mony, but  it  is  needless.  That  baptism  is  a  pre- 
requisite to  the  Lord's  Supper  is  the  law  of  Christ- 
endom. Open  communion  rests  on  a  foundation, 
out.iide  the  pale  of  revelation,  lohere  the  unscriptnnd 
structure  of  Romanism  stands,  and  it  lives  outside 
the  limits  of  Christian  creeds  and  denominational 
standards,  with  the  unimportant  exception  already 
mentioned. 

Baptism  is  immersion  in  water,  as  Baptists  view- 
it;  and  as  there  is  but  one  Lord,  one  faith,  and  one 
baptism,  those  who  have  had  only  pouring  and 
sprinkling  for  baptism  are  not  baptized  ;  and  as  ba).)- 
tism  is  a  prerequisite  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  with  both 
Baptists  and  Pedobaptists,  we  cannot  invite  the  un- 
baptized  to  the  table  which  Jesus  has  placed  in  our 
charge,  with  lieliever's  immersion  as  the  way  to  it. 

This  is  not  a  question  of  charity,  or  want  of 
charity.  In  the  edifice  in  which  the  writer  minis- 
ters, besides  the  church,  there  is  the  congregation, 
— the  unbaptized  hearers.  Many  of  these  are  con- 
verted persons,  generous  benefactors  of  the  com- 
munity, believers  of  lovely  char.acter,  dear  to  the 
hearts  of  the  p.astor  and  the  church.  Unbaptized 
though  they  are,  they  have  a  warmer  place  in  the 
affections  of  their  pastor  than  any  similar  num- 
ber of  regularly  baptized  members  of  any  one 
of  our  most  orderly  churches.  They  are  cher- 
ished personal  friends,  for  whom  we  would  make 
any  proper  sacrifice.  Yet  we  never  think  of  in- 
viting them  to  the  Lord's  Supper ;  they  feel  no  slight 


t  King's  Primitive  Church,  pp.  231-.')2.     London,  1839. 

I  System  of  Theology.     Sermon,  IGO. 

§  F.  O.  lllbbard's  Christian  Baptism,  p.  174. 


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IhX 


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from  such  omission.  They  are  the  only  persons  on 
earth  who  have  any  reason  to  take  offense.  They 
have  contributed  hirfrcly  for  c-hurch  purposes  ;  they 
love  and  are  loved  with  Christian  affection;  and 
they  know  that  the  cause  of  their  not  being  invited 
to  conic  to  the  Supper  is  not  a  lack  of  love  on  tlie 
part  of  the  cliurch,  liut  their  own  want  of  obedience. 
If  wc  do  not  invite  them  to  the  table  of  the  Lord,  and 
this  course  shows  no  unkindness,  there  can  bo  noth- 
ing uncharitable  in  giving  no  invitation  to  the  com- 
munion to  unbaptized  strangers,  though  they  may 
be  members  of  honored  but  sprinkled  religious 
communities. 

We  love  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  wo  love  liis 
servants  of  every  name  ;  and  if  we  do  not  invite  liis 
unbaptized  children  in  I'eilobaptist  churches  to  the 
memorial  Supper,  it  is  because  we  reverence  the 
Lord,  who  has  made  believer's  baptism  the  door 
into  the  visible  kingdom,  and  they  have  removed 
it.  With  our  venerable  brother,  Dr.  Cone,  we  con- 
clude, "  Nor  can  this  course  of  conduct  be  right- 
eously construed  into  a  breach  of  brotherly  love 
and  Christian  forbearance,  until  it  can  be  proved 
that  we  ought  to  love  men  move  than  we  love  God, 
and  that  the  charity  which  rejoiceth  not  in  in- 
iquity, but  rejoiceth  in  the  truth,  requires  us  to 
disregard  the  commandments  of  God,  and  dispense 
with  the  ordinances  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour,  Jesus 
Christ."  "Finally,  brethren,  fiirewell !  Adhere 
steadfastly  to  the  doctrines  and  ordinances  of  Christ, 
as  he  has  delivered  them  to  us ;  and  as  there  is  one 
hody  and  one  spirit,  even  as  ye  are  called  in  one  hope 
of  your  callini/  ;  one  Lord,  one  faith,  one  liaptlxm, 
so  we  lieseerh  yon,  that  ye  tvalk  worthy  of  the  vocation 
wheretvithye  are  called,  with  all  loicliness  and  meek- 
ness, with  long  suffering,  forbearing  one  another  in 
love  ;  endeavoring  to  keep  the  unity  of  the  Spirit  in 
the  bond  of  peace."*  (See  articles  on  Oi'en  Co.m- 
MUNioN,  and  The  Lord's  Sl'pi'er.) 

Communion,  Open. — This  practice  is  of  com- 
paratively modern  origin,  and  its  history  presents 
little  to  recommend  it.  It  seems  to  have  been  a 
natural  outgrowth  of  persecuting  times,  when  the 
people  of  God  were  few  in  number  and  were  com- 
pelled to  W'orship  in  secret  places;  and  when  the 
preservation  of  the  fundamentals  of  divine  truth 
made  men  blind  to  grave  errors  that  wore  regarded 
as  not  soul  destroying.  In  the  first  half  of  the 
seventeenth  century  it  made  its  appearance  in  Eng- 
land. John  Bunyan  was  its  ablest  defender,  and 
the  church  of  whicli  he  was  the  honored  jiastor 
illustrates  the  natural  tendencies  of  the  system 
by  its  progress  backward,  in  adopting  infant  sprink- 
ling and  the  Congregational  denomination. 

Open  communion  refers  ,to  fellowship  at  the 
Lord's  table,  and   it  has  three   forms, — a  mixed 


*  Circular  Letter  of  lludsdU  Iliver  Association,  1H'J4,  iip.  V>,  16. 


membership:  occasional  communion  by  the  unbap- 
tized  in  a  church  whose  entire  membership  is  im- 
mersed ;  and  two  churches  in  the  same  building, 
meeting  together  for  ordinary  worship,  but  cele- 
brating the  Lord's  Supper  at  separate  times.  The 
first  was  Bunyan's,  the  second  is  followed  by  Spur- 
geon,  the  third  was  the  plan  adopted  by  Roliert 
Hall  in  Leicester.  The  community  in  Halls 
chapel,  which  he  called  "The  Open  Communion 
Cliurch,"  was  composed  of  "The  Congregation" 
as  distinct  from  the  church  and  such  members  of 
the  church  as  might  unite  with  them.  On  his  re- 
tirement from  his  pastorate  in  Leicester,  he  sent 
two  resignations  to  the  people  of  his  charge  in  that 
city, — one  to  "The  Cliurcli  of  Christ  meeting  in 
Harvey  Lane,"  and  anotlu^r  to  "The  Open  Com- 
munion Church  meeting  in  Harvey  Lane."t 

In  this  country  the  mixed  membership  form  of 
open  communion  had  a  very  extensive  trial,  not 
in  regular  Baptist  churches  nor  in  regular  Baptist 
Associations.  At  quite  an  early  period  in  our  his- 
tory there  were  conununities  practising  immersion 
and  tolerating  infant  sprinkling,  or  placing  both 
upon  an  equal  footing.  No  one  of  our  original 
Associations  held  0])en  communion.  The  annual 
or  other  gathering  among  Open  Communists  sim- 
ilar to  an  Association  was  called  "A  Conference, "J 
"A  General  Meeting,"  or  "A  Yearly  Meeting." 
John  Asplund,  in  giving  an  account  of  the  Asso- 
ciations and  other  meetings  of  the  communities 
that  practised  immersion,  says,  "  The  Groton  Confer- 
ence was  begun  178.").  .  .  .  Their  sentiments  are 
general  provision  (the  Arminian  view  of  the  atone- 
ment) and  open  or  large  communion.  Keep  no  cor- 
respondence.'' That  is,  tliey  were  not  recognized 
by  the  Warren  or  any  New  England  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation. He  speaks  of  a  "  General  Meeting''  in 
Maine,  and  he  states  that  it  was  "  gathered  about 
17S(5.  They  hold  to  the  Bible  without  any  other 
confession  of  faith.  Keep  no  correspondence.  Very 
strict  in  the  practical  part  of  religion.  Their  sen- 
timents are  universal  provision  and  final  falling 
from  grace."§  These  people  were  Arminians,  and 
were  not  in  fraternal  relations  with  Baptists. 

In  the  New  Light  revivals  in  New  England, 
where  the  ccmverted  people  left  the  Congregational 
and  formed  "  Separate  Churches,"  the  membership 
was  often  equally  divided  between  Baptists  and 
Pedobaptists.  They  loved  one  another ;  they  were 
hated  by  the  state  religious  establishment ;  they 
made  special  efforts  and  sometimes  solemn  pledges 
that  they  would  not  slight  each  others  opinions. 
Open  communion  never  bad  a  fairer  field,  and  yet 
it  was  a  complete  failure.  Instead  of  promoting 
charity  it  broke  nji  the  peace  of  churches,  and  it 

t  Hulls  Works,  vol.  i.  12.'V-2i;,     Liindon,  18,11. 

I  Bjifkus's  History  of  the  Unptists,  ii.  44.    Xewton. 

i  .\iiiimil  Kegister.  l.|..  4»,  411.     17«0. 


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258 


COMSTOCK 


was  finally  renounced  liy  pretty  nearly  all  its  orig- 
inal friends.  Isaac  Backus,  the  historian,  while 
pastor  of  an  open  comnuinion  church  at  Titiciit, 
was  actually  compelled  by  the  malice  stirred  up 
by  open  communion  to  form  a  new  organization, 
that  he  and  his  people  niij;ht  have  peace.  Ilovey 
says,  "  If  any  member  of  the  church  desired  to 
have  his  children  baptized,  he  had  permission  to 
call  in  a  minister  from  abroad  to  perform  the  act; 
and  if  .any  member  who  had  been  sprinkled  in  in- 
fancy wished  to  be  baptized,  full  permission  was 
granted  Mr.  Backus  to  administer  the  rite.  More- 
over, it  was  asrced  that  no  one  should  introduce 
any  conversation  which  would  lead  to  remarks  on 
the  subjects  or  the  mode  of  baptism.  .  .  .  Those 
persistent  endeavors  to  live  in  peace  were  unavail- 
ing. For  when  infants  were  sprinkled  the  Baptists 
showed  their  dissatisfaction  without  leaving  the 
house,  and  wlien  Mr.  Backus  baptized  certain 
members  of  his  own  church,  the  Congregational- 
ists  would  not  go  to  witness  the  immersion,  but 
called  it  rebaptizing  and  taking  the  name  of  the 
Trinity  in  vain.  And  when  the  members  of  the 
church  met  for  conference  they  were  afraid  to 
speak  their  minds  freely,  lest  offense  might  be 
given,  and  this  fear  led  to  an  unbrotlierly  shy- 
ness."* For  the  sake  of  peace  Backus  was  driven, 
Jan.  16,  1756,  to  have  a  Baptist  church  formed. 
And  the  same  cause,  aided  by  increasing  light  from 
the  Word  of  God,  destroyed  this  pernicious  feature 
in  nearly  all  the  open  communion  bodies  in  New 
England. 

In  Nova  Scotia  mixed  communion  was  the  cus- 
tom of  the  churches  in  which  Baptists  held  their 
membersliip.  In  1798,  when  the  Nova  Scotia  As- 
sociation was  formed,  its  churches  were  all  on  this 
platform,  and  some  of  the  ministers  were  Pedobap- 
tists.  About  1774,  when  one  of  the  churches  was 
destitute  of  a  pastor,  Mr.  Allen  had  two  ruling 
elders  ordained,  one  a  Baptist  and  the  other  a  Con- 
gregationalist,  with  power  to  administer  the  ordi- 
nances "  each  in  his  own  w.ay,  agreeably  to  tlie 
sentiments  of  his  brethren;  but  this  was  a  short- 
lived church."  In  1S09,  the  Association  passed  a 
resolution  that  no  church  should  be  a  member  of 
it  that  permitted  open  communion. f  And  long 
since  tlie  churches  of  that  province  discarded  the 
unscriptural  practice  altogether.  The  pioneer 
Baptist  ministers  of  Ontario  and  Quebec  were  open 
communionists,  and  their  little  churches  caught 
their  spirit;  but  to-day  the  Baptists  of  these  prov- 
inces are  men  whose  orthodo.xy  their  brethren 
everywhere  may  regard  with  admiration.  Open 
communion  in  England  is  a  splendid  worldly  door 
for  a  Baptist  to  pass  through  when  he  wishes  to 


*  Hovey's  liife  and  Times  of  Isaac  Backne,  11^18. 
t  Benedict's  History  of  the  Baptist  DenomiiiatioD,  pp.  521,  523, 
539.     New  York,  1848. 


exchange  the  plain  Dissenting  chapel  for  the  gor- 
geous State  church,  but  it  lias  no  attraction  for 
the  Pednbaptist,  unless  a  Spurgeon  for  a  brief 
season  may  excite  his  curiosity. 

Nearly  twenty  years  ago  an  open  communion 
church  was  established  in  San  Francisco,  known  as 
the  Union  Square  Baptist  church.  The  members 
were  godly,  the  pastor  was  able,  earnest,  and  de- 
voted. No  similar  experiment  was  ever  tried 
under  more  favorable  circumstances.  But  after 
testing  the  project  for  many  years  the  discovery 
forced  itself  upon  the  pious  leaders  of  the  enter- 
prise that  there  was  a  defect  in  the  scriptural  basis 
of  their  church,  and  the  )iastor  withdrew  and  sub- 
se([uently  united  witli  tlie  Hcgular  Baptists.  The 
church,  at  a  meeting  held  April  2S,  l.SSO,  by  a  vote 
almost  unanimous,  placed  itself  in  harmony  with 
the  great  Baptist  denomination  of  the  United 
States. 

Our  doctrine  of  restricted  communion  is  more 
generally  and  intensely  cherished  among  us  at  this 
time  than  at  any  previous  period  in  our  liistory. 
Open  communion  is  regarded  as  a  departure  from 
scriptural  requirement,  as  an  attack  upon  the  con- 
victions of  nearly  all  Christendom,  and  as  a  source 
of  faction  and  discord.  (See  articles  on  Close 
CoMMi'NioN-  and  The  Lord's  Sitper.) 

Compere,  Rev.  Lee,  a  distinguislied  preacher 
in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  England  in  17S9;  went 
as  a  missionary  to  Jamaica  in  IS  16,  but  after  one 
year  his  health  compelled  him  to  give  up  an  inter- 
esting work.  lie  then  came  to  the  United  States 
and  labored  some  time  in  South  Carolina.  lie  was 
six  years  at  the  head  of  tlio  Baptist  mission  to  the 
Creek  Indians,  until  it  was  broken  up  by  the  re- 
moval of  the  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi.  He 
then  followed  the  tide  of  emigration  first  into  Ala- 
bama, and  thence  into  Mississippi,  and  settled  in 
Yazoo  County.  In  this  State  he  labored  in  various 
localities  with  distinguished  ability  until  tlie  late 
civil  war,  when  ho  removed  to  Arkansas,  and  thence 
to  Texas,  where  he  died  in  1871. 

Comstock,  Rev.  Elkanah,  was  the  first  Baptist 
minister  ordained  to  labor  in  Jlichigan.  Under  ap- 
pointment of  the  Baptist  Convention  of  New  York 
he  settled  at  Pontiac  in  1S24.  He  was  born  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  and  there  early  became  a  member  of 
the  church.  As  a  young  man  he  shared  in  the  sea- 
faring life  of  that  noted  port,  among  whose  ship 
captains  the  name  of  Comstock  is  an  honored  one. 
He  commenced  preaching  in  1800;  was  located 
first  in  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  afterwards  in  Cayuga 
County,  from  whence  he  was  appointed  to  Michi- 
gan Territory.  His  qualifications  as  an  organizer 
and  leader  on  the  frontier  were  excellent.  Of 
active  mind,  good  education,  high  moral  and  Chris- 
tian worth,  rare  practical  wisdom,  soundness  in  the 
faith,  and  fearless  fidelity  in  advocating  it,  he  was 


COMSTOCK 


259 


CONANT 


a  workman  that  needed  not  to  be  ashamed.  lie 
was  prized  as  a  citizen,  and  Iiis  home  was  a  model 
of  well-ordered  Christian  life.  After  ton  years  of 
devoted  labor,  broken  in  health,  he  visited  his  native 
place,  only  to  finish  there  a  laborious  and  useful 
life  at  the  age  of  sixty-three  years. 

Comstock,  Hon.  Oliver  C,  was  born  in  AVar- 
wick,  11.  I.,  March  1,  1781.  His  father's  family  re- 
moved to  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  while  he  was  yet  a 
child.  lie  studied  medicine  and  practised  it  for  a 
time  near  Cayuga  Bridge.  lie  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  New  York  six  years,  and  while  in 
this  office  was  baptized  by  Rev.  0.  B.  Brown,  of 
Washington  City.  lie  was  ordained  as  a  Christian 
minister  in  the  same  city,  Feb.  27,  1S19.  A  few 
years  after  he  practised  medicine  in  Trumansburg, 
N.  Y.  From  1825  to  1834  he  was  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Rochester.  Later  in  life  he 
removed  to  Michigan.  For  four  years  he  was 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  lie  died  in 
Marshall  in  1859.  Rev.  Grover  S.  Comstock,  mis- 
sionary to  Arraoan,  was  his  son. 

Conant,  Alban  Jasper,  was  born  in  Vermont 
Sept.  24,  1821.  lie  was  prepared  for  college  when 
he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  he  taught  school 
for  some  time.  He  took  an  eclectic  course  of  study 
in  the  university.  He  visited  a  distinguished  artist 
in  New  York  City,  and  received  lessons  in  painting 
from  him.  He  lived  in  Troy  twelve  years.  In  1857 
he  came  to  St.  Louis.  He  took  at  once  position  as 
an  artist,  and  he  secured  the  establishment  of  an 
art-gallery.  He  visited  Washington,  and  painted 
the  portrait  of  Attorney-General  Bates  and  his 
family,  and  of  Hon.  E.  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of 
War.  His  best  portraits  are  one  of  President  Lin- 
coln and  some  in  possession  of  James  B.  Eads. 
Mr.  Conant  has  resided  in  St.  Louis  since  the  close 
of  the  war.  Many  homes  there  have  been  made 
attractive  by  the  features  of  dear  ones  on  canvas 
which  he  has  placed  within  them.  Prof.  Conant 
occupies  a  high  social  position.  His  learning  and 
genial  disposition  make  him  many  friends.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  "  Foot-Prints  of  A''anished 
Races  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,"  a  work  highly 
commended  for  originality  and  research.  He  is  a 
curator  in  the  University  of  Missouri,  and  he  has 
lectured  in  it  and  before  literary  societies  with 
great  acceptance.  lie  is  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  baptized  by 
Kr.  Baldwin,  of  Troy,  N.  Y. 

While  he  is  charmed  by  art  he  is  devoted  to 
Christ,  the  fountain  of  all  beauty,  goodness,  and 
mercy. 

Conant,  Ebenezer,  Jr.,  one  of  the  founders  and 
a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Ashburnham  and 
Ashby,  Mass.,*  was  born  in  1743,  and  died  in  1783. 

*  Backus,  History  of  the  Baptists,  3d  ed.,  vol.  ii.  p.  464. 


lie  was  a  lineal  descendant,  in  the  fifth  generation, 
from  Roger  Conant.f  founder  of  Salem  and  gov- 
ernor of  Cape  Ann  Colony.  He  was  a  patriot  sol- 
dier of  the  Revolution,  holding  an  adjutant's  com- 
mission from  the  Council  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in 
the  Continental  army  during  the  first  four  years 
of  the  war.  His  commission,  signed  by  James 
Bowdoin,  president  of  the  Council,  and  afterwards 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  is  dated  the  20th  day 
of  June,  1776.  He  withdrew  from  the  service  in 
1780,  with  a  shattered  constitution,  and  a  malady 
that  proved  fatal  after  a  lingering  illness  of  two 
years.  He  returned  to  his  home  wrecked  in  for- 
tune as  in  health,  having  lost  his  pay  by  the  depre- 
ciation of  the  Continental  currency,  large  sheets 
of  which  he  brought  home,  and  of  which  a  hundred 
dollars  would  not  buy  liim  a  breakfast. 

He  married  Lydia  Oakes,  of  Stow,  Mass.,  a 
woman  of  great  strength  of  character,  and,  after 
her  conversion  and  union  with  the  Baptist  church, 
a  devoted  Christian  in  tlie  cliurch  and  the  house 
hold.  While  her  husband  was  absent  in  the  army, 
and  after  his  decease,  she  maintained  family  wor- 
ship, and  opened  her  house  for  meetings  of  the 
church  and  for  ministers  of  the  gospel  on  their 
missionary  travels. 

On  the  birth  of  their  first  child,  some  years  be- 
fore, not  being  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  they  owned  the  covenant  (half-way  cove- 
nant) that  the  infant  might  receive  baptism.  In 
the  great  religious  awakening  which  followed  the 
preaching  of  Whitefield,  his  parents,  who  were 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church,  became 
converts  and  disciples,  or  "  new  lights,''  as  then  de- 
risively called.  He  himself  and  his  wife  became 
dissatisfied  with  their  half-way  relation  to  the 
church,  and  convinced  that  they  had  no  true  re- 
ligion. Aliout  that  time  they  heard  the  preaching 
of  a  faithful  Baptist  minister  by  the  name  of 
Fletcher,!  who  visited  Ashburnham.  His  preaching 
was  blessed  to  their  salvation.  They  were  baptized 
with  others,  among  them  his  aged  father,  and  a 
small  Baptist  church  was  formed.  The  "covenant 
made  between  the  Baptist  brethren  in  Ashburnham 
and  Ashby  at  their  first  coming  into  church  order" 
is  dated  1778,  and  is  preserved  in  a  manuscript 
volume  containing  his  views  of  Christian  doctrine 
and  experience,  a  profession  of  faith,  and  other 
religious  writings.  The  little  church,  having  no 
stated  preaching  and  no  place  of  worship,  met  for 
religious  services  at  his  house  ;  where  during  his 
long  illness,  as  his  nephew,  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Dodge, 
of  Philadelphia,  informed  the  writer  of  this  article, 
he  was  accustomed  to  address  them  with  words  of 

t  A  brother  of  Dr.  John  Cionant,  of  Exeter  College,  one  of  the 

Westminster  A^euiMy  of   Divines.    The  family  were  Huguenot 
refugees. 
J  Baclius,  Historj-  of  the  Biiptists,  3il  cd  ,  vol  ii.  p.  5.15. 


C  UNA  NT 


260 


CON  A  NT 


instruction  and  encoiinigement  from  tlir  iluor  of 
his  sick-ronni. 

What  tlic  little  liand  sulTiTod  from  the  0)p|iressi<m 
of  the  "  standing  order"  is  told  hy  Uarkus  (History, 
vol.  ii.  404,  foot-note).  The  "grain"  there  referred 
to,  as  seized  under  authority  of  law  for  the  parish 
minister's  use,  was  Khenezer  Conant's.  But  though 
poor  and  oppressed,  they  were  ciiriolicd  witli  spirit- 
ual blessings. 

His  funeral  sermon  was  preached  l)y  Father 
Case,  the  home  missionary,  long  after  known  and 
honored  in  tlie  churches  of  Maine. 

Conant,  John,  son  of  tlie  preceding,  was  born 
in  .\slilMirnliaiii,  Mass.,  in  1773;  died  in  Brandon, 
Vt.,  in  l<sr)().  At  a  very  early  age  he  was  the  sub- 
ject of  deep  religious  impressions,  which  matured 
and  strengthened  with  the  growth  of  years,  and 
were  the  inspiring  and  controlling  influence  of  his 
long  and  active  life. 

These  early  impressions  were  made  by  the  con- 
versation and  prayers  of  Mr.  Fletcher,  the  Baptist 
:::inister    referred    to    in     the    preceding   article. 


JOHN    CON.WT. 

"When  he  came  to  the  town,"  says  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  in  his  mamiscript  diary,  "he  was 
mocked  and  hooted  at  by  the  populace.  Some  out 
of  curiosity  went  to  hear  him  preach.  My  father 
and  mother  went,  and  were  pricked  in  the  heart." 
lie  was  invited  to  their  house,  and  became  tlieir 
guest,  with  permission  to  preach  there  to  all  who 
desired  to  hear.  "His  conversation,"  says  the 
diary,  "attracted  my  attention.  I  loved  him,  and 
ate  his  words  as  sweet  morsels,  and  they  were 
blessed  of  God  for  the  salvation  of  mv  voung  soul. 


I  think  now  that  if  ever  I  loved  religion,  and  en- 
joyed its  sweets,  it  was  then."  lie  was  eight  or 
nine  years  of  age. 

In  1786  occurred  tlie  great  revival  under  the 
preaching  of  another  Baptist  minister,  the  Kev. 
Joel  Butler.  "  lie  came  to  our  house,"  says  the 
diary,  "  the  place  where  meetings  were  held,  and 
with  him  a  godly  man  by  the  name  of  Smith.  A 
nic'i'ting  was  notified,  and  the  house  was  filled. 
The  text  was  (Senesis  xi.\.  14:  '  Up,  get  you  out  of 
this  place,'  etc.  The  sermon  was  jiowerful,  search- 
ing out  all  the  hiding-places  of  professors  and 
non-professors.  Mr.  Smith  then  rose  and  re- 
quested parents  to  allow  him  to  address  their  chil- 
dren. His  earnest  and  pathetic  appeals  were  felt 
by  all.  The  place  seemed  to  be  shaken,  and  over- 
shadowed by  the  Holy  Spirit  A  powerful  revival 
followed,  and  many  were  born  into  the  kingdom." 
The  following  entry  in  his  diary  is  instructive,  as 
characteristic  of  the  spirit  of  the  time:  "On  tlie 
^iOth  day  of -luly,  17>^<'),  tlie  church  obtained  a  faint 
hope  for  me,  and  I  had  but  a  faint  one  for  niyself. 
I  was  that  day,  with  thirteen  others,  baptized  and 
received  into  the  Baptist  Church,  enjoying  greatly 
that  ordinance.  I  have  ever  since  been  favored, 
tliongh  unworthy,  with  a  name  and  a  place  in  the 
church  of  God."  He  was  then  in  the  fourteenth 
year  of  his  age. 

His  father  had  died  after  a  lingering  sickness  of 
two  years,  during  which  his  slender  means  were 
exhausted,  leaving  a  wife  and  seven  children,  the 
oldest  but  ten  years  of  ago.  A  week  before  his 
death,  the  anxious  mother  pressed  him  to  intrust 
some  of  tluMii  to  dear  friends  who  would  care  for 
thc'iii.  "  My  dear  wife,"  said  lie,  looking  up  into 
her  face  with  a  smiling,  joyful  countenance,  "I 
have  already  done  that.  I  have  given  away  all 
your  children  to  the  dearest  Friend  in  the  world." 
This  prayerful  consecration  of  them  to  God,  says 
the  diary,  I  believe  was  blest  to  the  salvation  of 
all  his  children. 

The  support  of  the  family  devolved  mainly  on  his 
mother  and  himself,  as  the  oldest  son,  from  the 
time  he  was  eight  years  of  age,  while  his  father 
was  absent  in  the  army.  Ho  records  in  his  diary 
that  he  was  then  accustomed  to  go  into  the  woods 
with  a  yoke  of  oxen,  cut  down  a  young  tree  and 
draw  it  to  the  house.  "  My  father,"  he  says, 
"having  left  a  chest  of  carpenter's  tools,  I  soon 
liecame  a  proficient  in  carpenter  and  joiner  work  ; 
and  when  seventeen  years  of  age  I  built  a  saw-mill 
for  my  mother,  mostly  with  my  own  hands."  So 
early  were  habits  of  self-reliance  formed.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  could  compete  with  the  good 
workmen  of  the  town  ;  and  at  twenty  ho  was  pro- 
moted to  be  master  of  the  interior  work  of  the  new 
church  at  Bolton,  Mass.  Finding  the  parish  priest 
of  the  "  standing  order"  a  very  dull   preacher,  he 


CONANT 


261 


CONANT 


walked  five  miles  evei-y  Sunday  to  hear  a  Baptist 
minister. 

At  the  -.v^e  nf  twenty-one.  havin;;  as.sumed  the 
responsil)ility  of  providins;  a.  home  for  his  aged 
mother  and  her  surviving  parent,  he  found  it  neces- 
sary to  seek  a  more  iiroduotive  fndd  of  enterprise. 
On  a  visit  to  his  relatives  in  Brandon,  Vt.,  his  atten- 
tion was  attracted  to  a  waterfall,  which  he  purudiascd. 
Having  removed  to  Brandon  in  1797,  he  constructed 
a  dam  and  mills  on  the  waterfall.  "  I  soon  united," 
says  the  diary,  "  vi'ith  the  Baptist  church  here  ;  with 
which  I  have  always  felt  a  sweet  union,  and,  as  I 
humbly  hope,  have  tried  to  aid  both  in  its  religious 
and  pecuniary  interests."  The  feeble  band  met  for 
a  time  in  his  rough  tenement  of  sawn  timber.  In 
1800  he  united  with  eleven  others  in  building  a  plain 
house  of  worship  of  moderate  dimensions,  doing  the 
principal  part  of  the  work.  In  1S02  he  built  a 
house  for  himself.  "In  1S32,"  says  the  diary,  ''I 
wished  to  see  a  better  house  of  worship  for  my  Bap- 
tist brethren.  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  go  forward 
in  the  work,  and  build  such  a  house  as  would  be 
respectable,  that  others  might  be  induced  to  come 
and  see  and  hear  for  themselves.  With  much  toil, 
and  infirmity  of  Imdy,  I  went  through  this  under- 
taking, strengthened  all  along  by  the  belief  that  I 
was  doing  that  which  it  was  my  duty  to  do,  and  for 
which  no  one  had  a  like  mind.  I  have  lived  to  see 
the  liouse  finished,  and  to  see  the  churcl]  abun- 
dantly blessed  in  it."  He  afterwards  erected  a  large 
seminary  building  for  a  high  school,  under  the 
direction  of  Baptists.  For  his  personal  use  he  put 
up  numerous  buildings,  mills,  stores,  dwelling- 
houses,  an  iron-foundry,  etc. ;  his  diary  recognizing 
the  good  hand  of  God  in  all  his  labors  and  suc- 
cesses. 

Through  life  he  was  active  in  the  public  affairs 
of  the  town  and  of  the  State.  In  ISOl  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  the  office 
forty  years.  In  180'.*  he  represented  the  town  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and,  with  a  brief  interval, 
continued  to  do  so  till  1822.  During  the  war  with 
England,  1812-15,  he  was  appointed  by  the  na- 
tional government  to  assess  the  township  for  a 
direct  tax.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
for  revising  the  constitution  of  the  State,  and  was 
one  of  the  electoral  college  that  cast  the  vote  of  the 
State  for  Harrison.  For  many  years  he  served  the 
town  as  one  of  the  selectmen,  and  of  the  listers 
of  ratable  estate,  and  was  postmaster  of  the  town 
fifteen  years. 

In  ISOfi  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  church,  and 
served  it  in  that  office  thirty-seven  years.  In  1818 
he  was  elected  a  deacon  of  the  church.  The  re- 
sponsibilities of  that  oflicc  weighed  heavily  upon 
his  mind.  He  could  not  persuade  himself  that  he 
had  the  spiritual  <iualifications  of  one  who  serves 
at  the  Lord's  table,  and  is  an  example  to  believers. 


At  length  he  yielded  to  the  voice  of  his  brethren, 
and  till  his  death,  eight-und-thirty  years,  was  a 
devoted  servant  in  the  house  of  his  Lord.  "  This 
office,"  he  says  in  his  diary,  "  I  have  considered 
the  most  responsible  and  honoraVjle  ever  conferred 
on  me  by  man.  I  have  always  felt  my.'-elf  un- 
worthy to  hold  it,  seeing  as  I  do  so  much  unfitness 
in  myself." 

In  1794  he  married  Miss  Charity  Broughtoii,  a 
daughter  of  Wait  Broughton,  of  Pepperell,  Mass.; 
'•  A  happy  union"  (says  his  diary),  "  with  a  faithful 
partner  in  all  the  joys  and  sorrows  of  life." 

When  the  Board  of  Foreign  ^Missions  was  formed 
in  Boston  for  the  support  of  Mr.  Judson,  then  in 
the  missionai-y  field,  they  .sent  him  a  copy  of  their 
first  printed  circular.  lie  wrote  on  it  his  name 
and  subscription  and  placed  it  on  the  front  of  the 
pulpit,  and  was  ever  after  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  funds  of  the  mission. 

His  characteristics  are  well  summed  up  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Collyer  in  his  life  of  the  n<'pliew  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.* 

Conant,  Thomas  J.,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1802,  at  Brandon,  \t.     He  graduated  at  Middle- 


THOMAS    J.  CONAXT,   D.n. 

bury  Collese  in  ls23.  and  for  two  years  afterwards 
pursued  philosophical   studies  under  the  personal 

•  .\  Mnn  in  Knrnest;  I.ifo  of  A.  H.  Coiiaut.    B.v  Robert  Coll- 

yor,  1872.  "  We  ciiii  spe  tliat  Julin  C'niiiiiit  liilil  nnil  nurewl  ii  sweet 
ami  well-loiieil  icliKious  spirit.  .  .  .  The  man  \vii.<  n  iLiWesiK-iiiiicn 
of  tluit  stuiil.v,  cnpablp.  self-contaim''l  nntnif  onl.v  fonml  in  iU  pcl-- 
fcction  in  Npw  KoRlaml :  ilitonnini-d  alw.i.vs  to  get  along  in  tlio 
worlil,  topilliLTpropert.v  ami  inttin^ncf.  Imt  with  nsoli'nin  rclicioiis 
i-lonii-nt  wov.-n  throuRh  ami  thioUKli  the  Imsineiw  facult.v.  Tlio 
Bolt  of  man  most  faithful,  wherever  he  is  found,  in  the  support  of 
schools,  churches,  and  puhlic  llhraries." 


CONARD 


262 


CONE 


supervision  of  Prof.  II.  B.  Patton.  After  teiiching 
a  short  time  in  Columbian  Collejjo,  lie  accepted  the 
professorship  of  Languages  in  Waterville  Culloge, 
Me.  lie  was  deeply  interested  in  Oriental  phi- 
lology, and  having  resigned  his  chair  at  Water- 
ville, he  repaired  to  the  vieinity  of  Boston  that  he 
might  have  the  assistance  of  the  learned  men  of 
Newton,  Cambridge,  and  Andover,  with  the  libra- 
ries of  these  centres  of  education,  as  aids  in  the 
study  of  tlie  Ilelirew,  Chaldee,  Syriac,  and  Arabic 
languages.  In  183'),  he  was  made  Professor  of  Bib- 
lical Literature  and  Criticism  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,and  in  1850,  he  filled 
a  similar  chair  in  Rochester  Seminary.  While  pro- 
fessor at  Hamilton  he  spent  two  years  abroad  per- 
fecting his  scholarship  in  the  German  universities. 
For  some  years  he  has  concentrated  his  labors  on 
the  revision  of  the  commonly  received  English 
version  of  the  Scriptures,  chiefly  in  the  employ  of 
the  American  Bible  Union.  His  first  elaborate 
production  was  a  paper  on  the  laws  of  translation, 
and  the  subject  has  been  a  specialty  with  him  ever 
since.  In  IH'-id  he  prepared  a  translation  of  Ge- 
senius's  Hebrew  grammar,  which  he  has  since  en- 
larged and  improved,  and  it  is  still  the  standard 
Hebrew  grammar  of  the  schools  in  America  and 
Europe.  His  first  published  work  on  the  Bible 
was  the  revision  of  the  Book  of  Job,  with  notes. 
It  opens  that  wimderful  poem  to  the  pious  reader 
in  a  way  that  the  old  version  could  not,  so  that  he 
may  see  and  admire  its  beauties  and  truths.  Since 
that  he  has  brought  out  many  of  the  books  of  the 
Bible,  not  as  perfect  translations,  but  as  specimens 
of  work  to  be  submitted  to  the  criticisms  of  scholars. 
He  has  thrown  great  light  on  many  obscure  texts 
of  the  common  version.  It  is  now  admitted  that 
he  stands  in  the  front  rank  of  Oriental  scholars. 

It  is  in  plaee  here  to  notice  that  Mrs.  Conant, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Chaplin,  first  president  of 
Waterville  College,  has  been  a  fitting  helpmeet  to 
her  husband  in  his  literary  work.  For  years  she 
edited  the  .V"//tec's/ou™a/.  She  translated  "  Lea, 
or  the  Baptism  in  Jordan,"  by  Strauss,  the  court 
preacher  of  Berlin.  In  1850-52  she  translated 
Neander's  practical  commentaries  on  the  epistles 
of  John  and  James,  and  on  Philippians.  She  then 
published  a  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Judson,  en- 
titled "  The  Earnest  Man,"  a  "  History  of  English 
Bible  Translations,"  "  New  England  Theocracy," 
and  a  "  History  of  the  English  Bible."  With  such 
a  wife  to  aid  him  in  his  studies  it  is  not  strange 
that  Dr.  Conant  has  accomplished  so  much  in  his 
specific  field  of  labor. 

Conard,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  bom  at  Mont- 
gomery Sqiiaic,  Pa.,  Oct.  S,  1832;  Wiis  baptized  by 
Rev.  George  Iliggins,  .Jan.  1,  18.55  ;  graduated  from 
the  university  at  Lewisburg  in  1862;  was  ordained 
September,  1862,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church 


at  Davisville,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  fourteen 
years.  Removed  to  Bristol,  Pa.,  September,  1876, 
where  he  remained  until  the  summer  of  1880,  when 
he  was  called  to  the  secretaryship  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Baptist  General  Association.  For  the  admin- 
istration of  this  office  he  possesses  marked  adap- 
tation, and  he  is  giving  to  the  work  such  an  energy 
of  purpose  and  devotion  as  will  doubtless  be  pro- 
ductive of  large  and  beneficent  results.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  university 
at  Lewisburg,  and  is  actively  engaged  in  denomi- 
national work.  He  is  a  sound  and  forceful  preacher, 
and  has  been  a  faithful  and  successful  pastor. 
Under  his  ministry  a  capacious  and  beautiful  church 
edifice  was  built  at  Davisville  and  paid  for. 

Concord  Institute,  located  at  Shiloh,  Union 
Parish,  La.,  was  organized  in  1H7G,  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Concord  Baptist  Association,  with 
a  capital  of  $14,000,  obtained  in  a  few  months  by 
the  labors  of  Rev.  S.  C.  Lee,  who  was  appointed  by 
the  Association  to  raise  this  amount.  It  is  con- 
ducted upon  the  plan  of  the  co-education  of  the 
sexes,  and  has  proved  very  successful.  From  100 
to  150  pupils  receive  instruction  annually.  The 
course  of  instruction  is  thorough  and  extensive. 
Rev.  C.  B.  Freeman  is  principal,  aided  by  a  corps 
of  competent  teachers. 

Concrete  College,  Concrete,  De  Witt  Co.,  Texas, 
was  organized  in  18(32  and  chartered  in  1873.  It 
is  a  private  institution,  but  controlled  and  managed 
by  Baptists.  It  has  done  a  good  work  in  educating 
both  sexes.  Its  president,  J.  E.  V.  Corey,  D.D., 
and  Prof.  W.  Thomas,  A.M.,  are  its  owners,  and 
have  succeeded  well  in  their  enterprise.  Its  build- 
ings and  grounils  are  worth  $17,000. 

Cone,  Spencer  Houghton,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Princeton,  N.-J.,  April  30,  1785.  His  parents  were 
persons  of  intellectual  and  moral  worth.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  East  Haddam,  Conn.,  where  for 
several  generations  the  family  had  lived,  and  his 
mother  was  the  d:iughterof  Joab  Houghton,  of  New 
Jersey,  who  was  very  active  in  the  Revolution. 
She  was  a  woman  of  more  than  ordinary  excellence 
of  character,  being  noted  as  a  person  of  great 
prayer. 

At  the  age  of  eight,  and  while  spending  a  little 
time  with  his  grandfather,  Spencer  Cone  was  deeply 
convicted  of  sin.  It  was  while  they  were  in  attend- 
ance upon  the  annual  meeting  at  the  Hopewell 
church  ;  but  the  feeling  was  only  transient,  though 
revived  some  two  years  afterwards,  when  he  was 
taken  by  his  mother  to  hear  a  sermon  delivered  by 
the  Rev.  Ashbel  Green  in  Philadelphia.  His  efforts, 
however,  were  merely  legal  in  nature,  and  he  soon 
relapsed  into  bis  ordinary  way  of  life. 

Ilis  health  in  his  boyhood  was  not  robust,  and 
so  it  was  considered  wise  to  permit  him  to  pass 
some  time  on  the  farm  of  his  grandfather.     The 


CONE 


263 


CONE 


consequence  was  that  he  outgrew  his  former 
weakness  and  acquired  a  vigorous  constitutiim. 
His  early  life  was  marked  also  by  an  intellectual 
development  almost  precocious.  At  twelve  he  en- 
tered the  Freshman  class  of  Princeton,  and  at  once 
gained  the  highest  esteem  of  faculty  and  students, 
the  president  prophesying  for  hiiu  a  brilliant  future 
as  an  orator.  Without  doubt,  had  young  Cone  been 
permitted  to  graduate,  he  would  have  left  the  col- 
lege bearing  away  its  highest  honors.  But  such 
was  not  to  be  his  lot.  Ilis  father  became  the  sub- 
ject of  a  serious  and  protracted  disease,  and  in  this 
emergency  Spencer  was  tlie  sole  hope  of  the  family. 


Sl'ENCER    HOUGHTON'    CONE,   D.D. 

With  true  manliness  he  resigned  his  studies  at  the 
age  of  fourteen.  His  first  effort  was  unsuccessful. 
Ilis  weary  journey  on  foot  to  obtain  the  position  of 
assistant  teacher  was  rewarded  only  by  the  knowl- 
edge that  the  place  was  filled.  Ilis  second  mot 
with  better  results,  and  on  a  small  salary  sufficient 
only  to  keep  them  from  absolute  want,  be  hOiored 
for  some  months  as  teacher  of  Latin  in  the  Prince- 
ton Academy,  which  position  he  resigned  fur  that 
of  master  in  the  school  of  Burlington.  Though 
not  sixteen,  he  bore  himself  with  such  propriety  as 
to  secure  for  himself  the  ])ermanent  esteem  of  all 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 

This  position  was  relinquished  that  he  might  ac- 
cept another  with  Dr.  Abercomhie,  who  bad  forn;ed 
for  Mr.  Cone  the  highest  regard.  To  fulfill  his 
duties  he  moved  his  family  to  Philadelphia.  But 
he  found  that  an  increase  of  salary  does  not  mean 
an  ad<lition  to  comforts,  for  the  ex|iensos  became 
enlarged  and  he  was  obliged  to  do  something  to 


supplement  his  insufficient  salary.  He  resolved  to 
study  law,  and  as  soon  as  school  duties  were  com- 
pleted he  was  found  reading  law  till  far  into  the 
night,  much  to  the  injury  of  his  health. 

Beyond  doubt  it  was  the  question  of  living  that 
led  him  to  adopt  the  stage.  His  mother's  wishes 
and  his  own  taste  were  against  it,  but  bis  magnifi- 
cent native  endowment  led  him  to  foresee  a  speedy 
way  out  of  his  pecuniary  difficulties,  and  so  he  ap- 
peared on  the  stage,  July,  1805,  as  Achmet,  in  the 
tragedy  of  "  Mahomet."  He  subsequently  acted  in 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Alexandria,  meeting 
with  great  success.  His  own  views  are  expressed  in 
a  letter  written  in  1810,  wherein  he  says,  "  My  |iro- 
fession,  adopted  from  necessity,  is  becoming  more 
disgusting  to  me.  I  pray  heaven  that  I  may  speedily 
exchange  it  for  something  better  in  itself  and  more 
congenial  to  my  feelings.  What  can  be  more  de- 
grading than  to  be  stuck  upon  a  stage  for  fools  and 
clowns  to  gape  at  or  criticise?"  To  prepare  the 
way  out  Mr.  Cone  endeavored  to  open  a  school  in 
Baltimore,  but  the  proprietors  of  the  theatre  would 
not  allow  him  to  be  absent  from  morning  rehearsals, 
nor  did  public  sentiment  encourage  teaching  by  an 
actor.  This  was  in  1S12.  The  same  year  he 
joined  the  Baltimore  Union  Artillery  with  the  in- 
tention of  enlisting  in  the  war,  but  domestic  con- 
siderations restrained  him,  and  in  the  same  year  be 
entered  the  office  of  the  Baltimore  American  as 
treasurer  and  book-keeper.  Soon  after  he  and  his 
brother-in-law  purchased  and  published  the  Balti- 
more Whir/.  He  at  once  quitted  the  stage,  and  by 
his  vigorous  articles  did  much  to  strengthen  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Madison  in  the  war. 

In  the  year  1810,  an  attachment  had  begun  be- 
tween himself  and  Miss  Sally  Wallace,  of  Philadel- 
phia, which  resulted  in  their  marriage  in  1813.  In 
November  of  the  same  year  be  was  converted  to 
God.  Noticing  that  a  book  sale  was  advertised,  he 
called  in  to  examine  the  works.  The  book  which 
he  first  took  up  was  one  of  John  Newton's  ;  he  had 
read  it  while  at  Princeton,  to  his  mother.  Solemn 
reflections  were  awakened  by  the  incident,  and  he 
seemed  to  hear  a  voice  saying,  "  This  is  your  last 
time!''  His  past  life  came  before  him.  The  day 
wore  away.  He  sat  down  to  the  study  of  the 
Bible.  Weeks  passed  in  dai'kness,  which  was 
finally  dispelled  by  reading  John  xiii.  On  Feb.  4, 
1814,  he  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Richards.  Ilis  wife 
afterwards  was  led  to  trust  the  great  Saviour. 

He  procured  a  position  under  the  government, 
and  he  t<iok  his  family  to  Washington,  and  trans- 
ferred his  membership  to  the  church  under  the 
care  of  Rev.  Obadiah  B.  Brown. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  Mr.  Cone  began  preach- 
ing, being  desired  to  lead  the  prayer-meeting  of  the 
little  Baptist  church  at  the  navy-yard,  then  patitor- 
less.    Crowds  at  once  waited  upon  his  ministrations. 


COA^FESSION 


264 


CONFESSION 


It  was  evident  tlnit  (^"od  li;id  intende<l  him  for  the 
pulpit,  and  he  procured  a  license. 

His  popularity  was  at  once  recognized  by  the 
House  of  Representatives,  who  appointed  him 
their  chaplain  in  I^ly-IG.  Soon  after  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  charge  of  the  feeble  interest  at  Alex- 
andria, where  he  labored  for  seven  years  with  j;reat 
success,  and  from  which  he  came  to  Oliver  Street, 
New  York.  This  connection,  attended  with  won- 
derful prosperity,  was  severed  after  eighteen  years, 
and  one  was  formed  with  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  New  York,  which  ended  only  with  his  death. 

For  many  years  Dr.  Cone  was  the  must  active 
Baptist  minister  in  the  United  States,  and  the  most 
popul.ar  clergyman  in  America.  lie  was  known 
and  venerated  cverywliere  all  over  this  broad  hand. 
In  his  own  denomination  he  held  every  position  of 
honor  which  lii.s  brethren  could  give  him.  and  out- 
side of  it  men  loved  to  rceoL'nize  his  worth.  lie 
had  quick  perceptions,  a  ready  address,  a  silvery 
voice,  iin]iassioned  eloquence,  and  deep-toned  piety; 
throngs  attended  his  church,  and  multitudes  la- 
mented his  death.  lie  entered  the  heavenly  rest 
Aug.  28,  18-5.0. 

Confession,  The  London,  of  1689.— See  The 

PhU.ADKI.PHU  roNFESSIiiX  OF  FaITH. 

Confession   of   Faith,  The  Philadelphia.— 

The  London  Confession  of  1(J89  w.as  the  basis  of 
our  great  American  Articles  of  Faith,  and  its 
composition  and  history  are  worthy  of  our  careful 
consideration. 

It  was  adopted  "  by  the  ministers  .and  messen- 
gers of  upwards  of  one  hundred  baptized  cimgre- 
gations  in  England  and  AVales,  denying  Arminian- 
ism."  Thirty-seven  ministers  signed  it  on  behalf 
of  the  represented  churches. 

The  sessions  of  the  Assembly  wliich  framed  it 
were  held  from  the  3d  to  the  12th  of  September, 
1689. 

The  Confession  of  the  Westminster  Assembly — 
the  creed  of  all  British  and  American  Presbyterians 
— was  published  in  1647  ;  the  Savoy  Confession, 
containing  the  faitli  of  English  Congregationalists, 
was  issued  in  16.58.  The  Baptist  Assembly  gave 
their  religious  beliefs  to  the  world  in  1689.  This 
was  not  the  first  Baptist  deliverance  on  the  most 
momentous  questions. 

It  was  styled  by  its  authors,  "  A  Confession  of 
Faith  put  forth  by  the  Elders  and  Brethren  of 
Many  Congregations  of  Christians  Baptized  upon 
Profession  of  their  Faith,  in  London  and  the 
Country,  with  an  Appendix  concerning  Baptism." 
The  authors  of  the  Confession  say  that  in  the  nu- 
merous instances  in  which  they  were  agreed  with 
the  Westminster  Confession,  they  used  the  same 
language  to  describe  their  religious  principles. 

The  Appendix  to  the  London  Confession  occupies 
16  octavo  pages,  and  the  Articles  .52.     The  former 


is  a  vigorous  attack  on  infant  baptism,  apparently 
designed  to  give  help  to  the  brethren  in  defending 
the  clause  of  Article  XXIX.,  which  defines  the  sub- 
jects of  baptism  as  l)elievors.  Dr.  Rippon  gives 
the  Minutes  of  the  London  Assembly  which  adopted 
the  Confession.  These  include  the  topics  discussed, 
the  residences  of  the  signatory  ministers,  and  the 
Articles,  liut  not  the  Ajipendix.*  In  addition  to 
his  "  Narrative  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,"  as  the  London  Convention  was 
called,  Rippon  issued  a  pamphlet  edition  of  the 
Articles  without  the  Appendix,  with  an  advertise- 
ment of  his  lirijisler  on  the  cover.  Crosby  does  not 
give  it  in  his  Confession  of  1689.  No  one  ever 
questioned  the  right  of  cither  to  drop  the  Appendix. 
It  was  not  one  of  the  Articles,  but  chiefly  a  mere 
argument  in  favor  of  one  of  them. 

The  Appendix  has  this  statement:  "The  known 
principle  and  state  of  the  consciences  of  divers  of 
us  that  have  agreed  in  this  Confession  is  such  that 
we  canniil  hold  church  communion  with  any  other 
than  baptized  helievers,  and  churches  constituted  of 
such ;  yet  some  others  of  us  have  a  greater  liberty 
and  freedom  in  our  spii-its  that  way."  This  refers 
to  the  admission  of  unbaptized  persons  to  the 
Lord's  Table  by  .some  churches,  and  their  rejection 
Ijy  others. 

Within  a  few  years,  an  cfl'ort  has  been  made  in 
this  country  to  prove  that  our  Baptist  fathers  of 
the  Philadelphia,  and  other  early  Associations, 
practised  "open  communion"  because  of  this  item 
in  the  Appendix  of  the  London  Confession.  The 
learned  "  strict  communion  "  author  of  "  Historical 
Yindications"!  has  contributed  to  this  error,  by 
making  the  grave  mistake  that  the  Appendix  was 
Article  XXXIII.  of  The  Philadelphia  Confession 
of  Faitli.  And  he  gives  as  his  authorities  for  this 
extraordinary  statement  the  Hanserd  Knnlh/s  So- 
ciety's copy  of  the  Confession  of  1689,  and  the 
Pittsburgh  edition  of  The  Philadelphia  Confession 
of  Faith.  In  the  former,  it  is  not  placed  as  an 
Article,  but  as  an  Appendix.  In  the  latter,  it  is 
not  to  he  found  in  any  form.  It  never  appeared  in 
any  edition  of  The  Philadelphia  Confession  of 
Faith,  from  Benjamin  Franklin's  first  issue  down 
to  the  last  copy  sent  forth  from  the  press.  And 
this  could  have  been  easily  learned  from  the  title- 
page.  In  the  end  of  the  title  in  the  Ilanserd 
Knollys  Society's  copy  of  the  Confession  of  1689 
are  the  words,  "  With  an  Appendix  concerning 
Ba])tism.^'  The  portion  of  the  title  covering  the 
Appendix,  and  the  Appendix  itself,  cannot  be  found 
in  any  copy  of  our  oldest  American  Baptist  creed. 
That  the  honored  writer  acted  in  good  faith  in  this 
part  of  his  valuable  work,  I  have  no  doubt ;  but 
that  he  was  led  astray  himself,  and  that  he  has 

*  Appendix  to  volume  i.  of  Rippon's  Annual  Register. 
f  Ilidturical  Vindications,  p.  105. 


CONFESSION 


265 


CONFESSION 


drawn  others  into  a  grave  mistake,  I  am  absolutely 
certain. 

The  Appendix  admits  that  "  open  communion'' 
existed  among  tlie  English  Baptists.  It  does  not 
assert  the  truth  of  it ;  the  "strict  communion" 
members  of  the  body  which  adopted  the  Confession 
would  tolerate  nothing  of  that  nature.  And  as  no 
such  practice  existed  in  the  Philadelphia  Association 
when  its  Confession  was  adopted,  or  at  an//  other 
period  in  its  histori/.  sucli  an  admissi'm  would  have 
been  destitute  of  a  fragment  of  truth.  The  Co- 
hansie  church,  in  1740,  sent  a  query  to  the  Pliila- 
delphia  Assofiation,  asking  if  a  pious  Pedobaptist, 
who  declined  to  have  his  children  baptized,  might 
come  to  the  Lord's  Table  without  being  baptized  ; 
and  they  wished  also  to  know  from  the  Association 
if  the  refusal  of  such  a  request  would  not  betray 
a  want  of  charity.  The  Association  unanimously 
decided  that  the  man  should  be  refused  a  pjace  at 
the  Lord's  Table  in  the  Cohansie  church,  and  that 
such  action  showed  no  lack  of  charity.  Their 
action,  and  their  reasons  for  it,  read:  "Given  to 
vote,  and  passed,  all  in  the  negative.  Nemine  con- 
iradicente.  Reasons  annexed.  First.  It  is  not  for 
want  of  charity  that  we  thus  answer.  Our  practice 
shows  the  contrary  ;  for  we  baptize  none  but  such 
as,  in  the  judgment  of  charity,  have  grace,  being 
baptized  :  but  it  is  because  we  find,  in  the  Com- 
mission, that  no  unbaptized  persons  are  to  be  ad- 
mitted to  church  communion.  Matt,  xxviii.  19, 
20;  Mark  xvi.  16.  Compare  Acts  ii.  41  ;  1  Cor. 
xii.  1.3.  Second.  Because  it  is  the  church's  duty 
to  maintain  the  ordinances  as  they  are  delivered  to 
us  in  the  Scripture.  2  'I'hess.  ii.  15;  1  Cor.  xi.  2; 
Isa.  viii.  20.  Third.  Because  we  cannot  see  it 
agreeable,  in  any  respect,  for  the  procuring  tliat 
unity,  unfeigned  love,  and  undisturbed  peace,  which 
are  required,  and  ought  to  be  in  and  among  Chris- 
tian communities.*  1  Cor.  i.  10 ;  Eph.  iv.  3." 
Tliis  wise  decision,  supported  by  solid  reasons, 
shows,  that  two  years  licfore  the  formal  adoption 
of  the  Confession  of  1089,  as  the  greater  jiortion 
of  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith,  the  Phila- 
delphia Association  was  unanimously  opposed  to 
an  "  open  communion"  proposition.  Thirty-three 
years  after  the  Association  was  formed,  and  while 
the  Confession  of  1089  was  "owned"  as  a  Baptist 
creed,  without  the  special  adoption  which  it  after- 
wards received,  one  of  the  oldest  churches  in  the 
Association  would  not  admit  a  pious  Pedobaptist 
to  the  Lord's  Supper  without  consulting  the  Asso- 
ciation. And  that  body  voted  as  a  unit  against  the 
practice. 

The  declaration  of  the  orthodox  London  brethren, 
in  reference  to  them.selves,  could  have  been  used 
by   the    Philadelphia    Association   about   ail    its 

*  Minutes  of  Philadelphia  Aggociation  for  17-10. 

18 


churches,  at  any  period  in  its  past  history:  "The 
known  principle  and  state  of  the  consciences  of  us 
all  is  such  that  we  cannot  hold  church  commu- 
nion with  any  other  than  Iiaptized  believers,  and 
churclies  constituted  of  such."  And  hence  the 
truth  required  the  exclusion  of  the  Appendix  from 
the  Confession  of  the  Philadelphia  Association. 

The  London  Confession  of  1689,  in  Article 
XXVI.,  section  6,  says,  "The  members  of  these 
churches  are  saints  by  calling,  .  .  .  and  do  will- 
ingly consent  to  walk  together  according  to  the 
appointment  of  Christ,  giving  up  themselves  to  the 
Lord  and  one  to  another,  by  the  will  of  God,  in 
professed  subjection  to  the  ordinances  of  the  gospel.'' 
And  in  Article  XXVIII.,  section  1,  it  saj-s,  '■'Bap- 
tism and  the  Lord's  Supper  are  ordinances  of  posi- 
tice  and  sovereign  institution,  appdinted  by  the 
Lord  Jesus,  the  only  Law-giver,  to  be  continued  in 
his  church  to  the  end  of  the  world."  And  in  Ar- 
ticle XXIX.,  section  2,  it  says,  "  Those  who  do 
actually  profess  repentance  towards  God,  faith  in 
and  obedience  to  our  Lord  Jesus,  are  the  only 
proper  subjects  of  this  ordinance;"  and  in  section 
4,  "  Immersion,  or  dipping  the  person  in  water, 
is  necessary  to  the  due  administration  of  this  ordi- 
nance." 

In  Article  XXX.,  "On  the  Lord's  Supper,"! 
there  is  no  clause  giving  the  unbaptized  authority 
to  come  to  the  Lord's  Table.  Their  existence  in 
connection  with  this  institution  is  not  noticed  by 
a  single  word.  And  as  tlie  Articles  declare  that 
the  members  of  the  churches  which  adopted  them 
lived  in  "  professed  subjection  to  the  ordinances  of 
the  gospel;''  that  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper 
were  "' ordinances  appointed  by  the  Lard  Jesus,  to 
be  continued  in  his  church  to  the  end  of  the  world  ;" 
and  that  repentance,  faith,  and  immersion  are 
necessary  to  baptism,  the  Articles  describe  orderly 
believers  only,  who  lived  in  professed  subjection  to 
the  ordinances  of  the  gospel.  There  is  not  a  word 
in  them  which  the  strictest  Baptist  on  earth  might 
not  heartily  receive.  The  men  who  avow  that 
"The  known  principle  and  state  of  the  consciences 
of  divers  of  us,  that  have  agreed  in  this  Confes- 
sion, is  such,  tlmt  we  cannot  hold  church  commu- 
nion with  any  other  than  baptized  believers,  and 
churches  constituted  of  such" — men  like  Hanserd 
Knollys  and  William  Kitfin — were  the  last  men  to 
sign  a  Confession  favoring  "open  communion." 
The  Philadelphia  As.sociation,  while  avowing  the 
most  stringent  "close  communion"  doctrines  in 
1740,  owned,  in  a  general  way,  the  Confession  of 
1689.  The  Charleston  Association,  S.  C,  adopted 
the  London  Articles,  and  imported  two  hundred 
copies  of  them ;  and  yet  was  restricted  in  its  com- 


t  Hanserd  Knollys  Society's  volume  of  "  Coufessions,"  etc.,  pp. 
221,  225,  226,  244. 


CONFESSION 


266 


CONFESSIOK 


iiiunion.  In  1S02,  in  answer  to  a  question  in  ref- 
erence to  the  eonsistenoy  of  Baptists  inviting  pious 
Pedobaptists  to  tlie  Lord's  Table,  that  body  replied, 
"  We  cannot  but  say  it  does  not  upjiear  to  be 
consistent  with  gospel  order."*  In  England  and 
America,  churches,  individuals,  and  Associations, 
with  clear  minds,  with  hearts  full  of  love  for  the 
truth,  and  with  a  tenacious  attachment  to  "re- 
stricted coniMiunion,"  have  held  with  veneration 
the  Articles  of  1G89.  The  Article,  "  On  tlie  Lord's 
Supper"  needs  safeguards,  and  the  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith  furnishes  them. 

The  Puiladelpiiia  Confession  of  Faith  is  not 
THE  London  Creed  of  1689. 

Almost  every  writer  on  this  question  falls  into 
the  mistake  of  supposing  that  it  is,  and  he  proceeds 
to  prophesy  evils,  if  he  is  a  scriptural  communion- 
ist,  or  he  begins  forthwith  to  whip  us  with  the  sup- 
posed liberal  scourge  of  our  fathers,  if  he  is  a  free 
communionist.  The  London  Creed  has  thirty-two 
Articles,  and  an  Appendix  ;  tlie  Pliila<lelphia  has 
thirty-four,  and,  instead  of  an  Appendix,  it  has 
"  A  Treatise  of  Discipline,"  which  was  held  in  as 
great  regard  as  the  Confession  for  many  years. 
Thirty-two  of  the  thirty-four  Articles  in  the  Phila- 
delphia Confession  are  taken  from  the  English 
fathers  of  1GS9.  One  of  the  two  new  Articles  is 
on  Singing  in  the  Worship  of  God, — a  practice 
which  it  commends  as  a  divine  ordinance.  This 
Article  would  have  entirely  changed  the  character 
of  the  Confession  of  1689  to  some  of  the  churches 
that  adopted  it ;  for  they  looked  with  horror  upon 
such  a  custom.  But  in  Article  XXXI.  in  the  new 
Confession,  "Oh  Lai/ing  on  of  Hands"  the  Lord's 
Supper  receives  its  appropriute  safeguards.  In 
section  1  we  read,  "  We  believe  that  laying  on  of 
hands,  with  prayer,  upon  baptized  believers,  as  such, 
is  an  ordinance  of  Christ,  and  ought  to  be  sub- 
mitted unto  III/  all  such  persons  that  are  admitted  to 
the  Lord's  Snjipcr" 

According  to  the  compilers  of  this  Article,  no 
man  should  come  to  the  Lord's  Table  without  bap- 
tism and  the  imposition  of  hands.  It  has  been  de- 
clared, with  an  air  of  victory,  that  the  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith  requires  no  ceremonial  qualifi- 
cation before  approaching  the  Lord's  Talde.  This 
jubihint  spirit  is  the  result  of  carelessness  in  ex- 
amining the  venerable  Confession  :  "  All  such' per- 
sons that  are  admitted  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per" should  be  baptized  believers,  who  have  received 
the  imposition  of  hands,  with  prayer.  So  that  two 
ceremonial  jirerequisites  to  the  Lord's  Supper — 
baptism  and  the  lai/in;;  on  of  hands — are  demanded 
by  the  PJiiladelphia  Confession  of  Faith. 

The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith,  and 
NOT  THE  English  Confession  of  1689,   was    the 

*  nistory  of  Charleston  Association,  p.  43. 


isasis  on  which  nearly  all  the  Original  As- 
sociations OF  THIS  Country  were  Founded. 

In  1742,  the  Philadelphia  Association  adopted  the 
Confession  which  bears  its  name.  Some  deny  that 
the  Association  ever  formally  adopted  it:  or  if  it 
did  they  assert  that  we  know  nothing  of.  the  time 
when  such  action  took  place.  This  statement  is 
based  upon  a  certain  amount  of  recognition  which 
the  London  Articles  undoubtedly  received  in  the 
Phihulelpliia  Association  before  1742;  and  also 
upon  the  fact  that  the  Association  simply  voted  to 
^^  reprint"  the  London  Confession.  When  a  pub- 
lishing house  resolves  to  reprint  an  English  work 
now  it  adopts  it ;  it  makes  the  tvork  its  own.  The 
Confession  of  1G89,  in  1742  had  never  been  printed 
in  America;  the  Phihulelpliia  Association  voted  to 
reprint  it,  that  is,  to  adopt  its  Articles;  and  they 
also  added  two  Articles  to  it,  and  A  Treatise  ore 
Discipline.  And  every  copy  printed  since  Ben- 
jamin Franklin's  first  edition  appeared  in  1743, 
bears  on  its  title-page,  "  Adopted  by  the  Philadel- 
phia Association,  Sept.  'Iblh,  1742."  This  state- 
ment on  the  title-page  would  have  been  canceled 
at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Association  after  its 
appearance  if  it  had  not  been  true.  The  AVarren 
Association  makes  the  same  record  about  the  date 
of  its  adoption  ;f  Morgan  Edwards  gives  1742  as 
the  date  of  its  adoption,  on  page  b  of  his  "  Ma- 
terials towards  the  History  of  the  Baptists,  etc.," 
published  in  Philadelphia,  1770,  and  the  act  cannot 
be  reasonably  doubted,  nor  the  date  called  in  ques- 
tion. 

The  Kehukee  Association,  founded  in  1765, 
adopted  the  Philadelphia  Confession. J  The  Ke- 
tockton  Association  of  Virginia,  founded  1706, 
adopted  the  Philadelphia  Confession. §  The  War- 
ren Association  of  Ilhode  Island,  organized  1767, 
adopted  the  same  Confession. ||  The  General  Asso- 
ciation of  Virginia  received  the  Philadelphia  Con- 
fession in  1783  with  explanations,  none  of  which 
favored  "open  communion. "T[  The  Elkhorn  Asso- 
ciation of  Kentucky,  formed  in  1785,  adopted  the 
Philailelphia  Confession.**  The  Ilolston  Associa- 
tion of  Tennessee,  established  in  1788,  accepted  the 
Philadelphia  Confession. ff  The  Charleston  Asso- 
ciation of  South  Carolina  was  established  by  Oliver 
Ilart  in  1751,  fresh  from  tlie  Philadelphia  Associa- 
tion, and  full  of  admiration  for  its  principles  and 
its  usefulness.  It  adopted  the  Articles  of  1089,  and 
a  Treatise  on  Discipline,  prepared  by  Oliver  Hart, 
and  Brethren  Pelot,  Morgan  Edwards,  and  David 
Williams.     This  Association,  though  not  adopting 

t  Historical  Vindications,  p.  91. 

X  Semple'a  History  of  the  liaptists  in  Virginia,  p.  338, 

J  Scmplc,  p.  .102. 

II  filjtnnin^  and  Brown  University,  p.  80. 

U  Seniplc  p.  08. 

**  Benedict's  General  History  of  the  Bfiptist  Denomination,  p.  82. 
tt  Semple,  p.  275. 


CONFESSIONS 


267 


CONFESSIONS 


N: 


the  Philadelphia  Confession,  followed  its  spirit  and 
plan,  and  it  practised  "restricted  communion." 

There  was  not  one  of  the  original  Baptist  Asso- 
ciations of  this  country  that  invited  the  unbaptized 

the  Lord's  Tabic.  Once  we  have  seen  the  state- 
ment rashly  made,  and  Asplund  given  as  its  au- 
thority, that  there  was  one  early  Baptist  Association 
that  held  "  open  communion,'' — evidently  referring 
to  the  Groton  Conference,  Connecticut.  But  the 
writer  omitted  to  state  that  Asplund  gave  an  ac- 
count, in  the  same  list  of  Associations,  of  Six  Prin- 
ciple Baptists,  Free-Will  Baptists,  and  Seventh-Day 
Baptists.  The  "open  communion"  body  of  which 
he  speaks  was  not  composed  of  Regular  Baptists,  nor 
were  the  Seventh-Day  brethren  named  by  Asplund 
as  members  of  our  denomination.  They  did  not 
assume  the  name  of  an  Association, — they  called 
themselves  the  Groton  Conference.  And  Asplund 
says  that  "  the;/  keep  no  correspondence,"* — that  is, 
they  were  not  recognized  as  Regular  Baptists. 
They  neither  enjoyed,  nor  were  they  entitled  to, 
such  recogniticm. 

Asplund  mentions  several  other  early  Baptist 
Associations  that  adopted  the  Confession  of  Faith, 
— that  is,  the  Philadelphia.  But  further  reference 
to  this  question  is  needless.  Nearly  all  the  original 
Associations  of  America  adopted  the  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith  ;  and  not  one  of  these  bodies 
held  "  open  communion."  There  were  "  open  com- 
munionists"  outside  of  our  organizations,  when 
our  early  Associations  sprang  into  life, — especially 
in  New  England, — whose  erring  judgments  soon 
learned  the  way  of  the  Lord  more  perfectly,  and 
they  united  with  Regular  Baptist  communities. 

If  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  had  been 
accepted  in  England,  as  the  legitimate  successor 
of  the  Confession  of  1(589,  the  Strict  Baptists  of 
Norwich  would  never,  by  a  just  legal  decision, 
have  been  deprived  of  their  church  eilifioe  for  the 
advantage  of  "open  comniunionists." 

The  Pliiiadelphia  Association  never  had  an  "  open 
communion"  church  in  its  fellowship ;  and  it  has 
repeatedly  declared  the  practice  to  be  unscriptural. 
Its  Confession  of  Faith  as  adopted  in  1742  never 
was  repealed  or  modified  in  any  of  its  parts.  The 
latest  edition  is  on  exact  reprint  of  the  Jirst,  and 
"open  communion"  cannot  even  find  a  shelter  in 
it.     (See  Appendix.) 

Confessions  of  Faith, — In  Ii'iil  a  church  of 
English  Baptists,  residing  in  Ilolhuul,  adopted  a 
Confession  of  Faith,  prepared  most  probably  by 
Tbonias  lli'lwys,  their  pastor.  Not  many  months 
after  the  Confession  was  published  they  returned  to 
their  native  country  and  settled  in  London.  The 
Confession  has  twenty-six  articles,  and  though  7nost 
of  them  are  thoroughly  sound,  others  are  Arminian, 


*  Aspluad'e  Annual  Register  for  179U,  p.  49. 


and  show  clearly  that  those  who  framed  them  were 
troubled  by  a  defective  knowledge  of  New  Testa- 
ment teachings. 

The  Confession  of  Faith  of  1644,  was  adopted  by 
seven  London  churches.  It  is  the  first  Calvinistical 
creed  published  by  our  English  brethren.  It  has 
fifty  articles.  The  first  name  which  appears  on  the 
Confession  is  that  of  the  illustrious  William  Kifiin. 
The  twenty-first  article  reads,  "  Jesus  Christ  did 
purchase  salvation  for  the  elect  that  God  gave  unto 
him.  These  only  have  interest  in  him,  and  fellow- 
ship with  him,  for  whom  be  makes  intercession  to 
his  Father,  and  to  them  alone  doth  God  by  his  Spirit 
apply  this  redemption  ;  also  the  free  gift  of  eternal 
life  is  given  to  them  and  none  else."  The  tbirt3'- 
ninth  article  is,  "  Baptism  is  an  ordinance  of  the 
New  Testament,  given  by  Christ,  to  be  dispensed 
upon  persons  professing  faith,  or  that  are  made 
disciples,  who,  upon  profession  of  faith,  ouijht  to  lie 
baptized,  and  after  to  p>artake  of  the  Lord's  Siq)- 
per." 

An  "Appendix"  to  this  Confession  of  Faith, 
written  by  Benjamin  Cox,  and  printed  in  1646,  has 
twenty-two  articles,  a  part  of  the  twentieth  of  which 
reads,  "  The  apostles  first  baptized  disciples,  and 
then  admitted  them  to  the  use  of  the  Supper;  we, 
therefore,  do  not  admit  any  to  the  use  of  the  Supper, 
nor  communicate  with  any  in  the  use  of  this  ordi- 
nance hut  disciples  baptized,  lest  we  should  have 
fellowship  with  them  in  their  doing  contrary  to 
order." 

The  "Confession  of  Faith  of  Several  Churches 
of  Christ  in  the  Cuunty  of  Somerset,"  and  of  some 
churches  in  adjacent  counties,  in  England,  was 
issued  in  1656.  It  was  signed  by  the  representa- 
tives of  sixteen  churches,  and  it  was  probably 
written  by  Thomas  Collier,  who  was  ordained  in 
1655  to  the  "office  of  general  superintendent  and 
messenger  to  all  the  associated  churches."  The 
Confession  has  forty-sis  articles;  it  is  Calvinistic, 
Baptistic,  and,  consequently,  thoroughly  Scriptural. 

The  London  Confession  of  Faith  was  signed  in 
the  English  metropolis  in  1660.  It  was  prepared 
by  members  of  the  General  (Arminian)  Baptist 
churches*  On  some  disputed  questions  it  is  nearer 
the  truth  than  the  Confession  of  Itill,  but  this 
statement  does  not  apply  to  its  representation  of 
the  doctrine  of  final  perseverance.  It  has  twenty- 
five  articles.  This  Confession  was  "  owned  and 
approved  by  more  than  twenty  thousand  persons."' 

"  An  Orthodox  Creed,"  [joblished  in  London  in 
1678,  gives  another  view  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
General  Baptists.  It  has  fifty  articles,  and  it  is 
remarkable  for  its  Calvinistic  tone,  thougli  it  came 
from  a  body  professedly  Arminian.  Its  mode  of 
describing  election,  providence,  free  will,  and  final 
perseverance  is  in  the  main  scriptural.  The  extent 
of  the  atonement  is  the  only  question  about  which 


CONGER 


268 


CONNECTICUT 


it  differed  from  the  opinions  of  our  orthodox 
bretliren  of  that  day. 

The  Confession  of  1689  was  "  juit  forth  by  the 
elders  and  bretliren  of  many  congrejjations  of 
Christians,  baptized  (immersed)  ii|ion  profession 
of  tlieir  faith,  in  London  and  the  country."  It  has 
thirty-two  articles,  and  "  an  appendix  concerning 
baptism."  It  is  in  many  respects  the  best  compi- 
lation of  Christian  belief  ever  published.  After 
dropping  its  lengthy  appendix,  and  inserting  two 
new  articles,  it  l)eeame,  in  1742,  "  The  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith,"  and  it  was  adopted  by  moat 
of  the  early  Baptist  Associations  of  this  country. 
(See  article  on  Tue  Philadelphia  Confession 
OF  Faith.) 

The  New  Hampshire  Confession  of  Faith  was 
•written  by  the  late  Dr.  J.  Newton  Brown  while 
laborinn;  in  the  State  whose  name  it  bears.  It  was 
prepared  with  a  view  "  to  pending  controversies  with 
the  Free-Will  Baptists,  who  are  numerous  there." 
Dr.  Cutting  says,  "  It  has  been  sometimes  criticised 
as  aiming  at  the  difficult  task  of  preserving  the 
stern  orthodoxy  of  the  fathers  of  the  denomination, 
while  at  the  same  time  it  softens  the  terms  in  which 
that  orthodoxy  is  expressed,  in  order  to  remove  the 
objections  of  neighboring  ojiponents."  (Historical 
Vindications,  p.  105.)  We  have  unlimited  faith  in 
tlie  goodness  and  sanctity  of  the  late  Dr.  Brown, 
but  we  very  much  prefer  the  Philadelphia  Confes- 
sion of  Faith,  so  dear  to  our  fathers,  to  the  New 
Hampshire  Creed.  (For  Confessions  of  Faith,  see 
the  Ap]icndix.) 

Conger,  Rev.  0.  T.,  was  born  in  Indiana,  and 
brought  up  chiefly  in  Illinois.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  was  converted  in  Iowa,  during  an 
extensive  revival.  lie  was  called  to  preach  soon 
after  the  Lord  had  found  an<l  saved  him. 

He  studied  for  the  ministry  at  Burlington  Uni- 
versity, and  in  due  time  was  ordained  as  pastor  of 
Edgington,  111.  He  labored  afterwanLs  at  Winter- 
set  and  Malvern,  Iowa,  and  at  Lincoln  and  Omaha, 
Neb.  He  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Legislature  of 
Nebraska,  and  twice  moderator  of  the  Nebraska 
State  Convention.  He  represented  the  University 
of  Des  Moines  in  the  Centennial  movement  of  1876. 
Recently  he  has  taken  charge  of  the  church  at 
Osage,  Iowa.  Mr.  Conger  is  a  frequent  contributor 
to  the  Chicago  Standard,  and  other  papers.  He  has 
published  two  books,  one  of  which,  "  The  Autobi- 
ography of  a  Pioneer,"  has  passed  through  three 
editions. 

Mr.  Conger  is  a  diligent  student,  an  industrious 
pastor,  a  strong  Baptist,  and  a  growing  and  suc- 
cessful minister. 

Connally,  Rev.  Jolin  Kerr,  a  grandson  of  the 
eloquent  Rev.  John  Kerr.  Col.  Connally  was  born 
in  Madison  Co.,  Tenn.,  Sept.  3,  1839  ;  was  educated 
at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. ;  was 


wounded  when  colonel  of  the  55th  North  Carolina 
Regiment  at  Gettysliurg,  losing  an  arm  ;  practised 
law  in  Galveston,  Texas,  several  years  after  the 
war ;  settled  in  Richmond,  Va.,  in  18C7 ;  was 
chosen  senator  for  four  years ;  was  brought  to 
Christ  by  Ijeing  caught  in  the  timbers  of  the  falling 
Capitol,  and  remaining  for  hours  in  suffering  and 
peril ;  resigned  as  senator,  and  spent  some  time  at 
theological  seminary,  Greenville,  S.  C,  and  was 
ordained  at  Ashville,  November,  1875;  Col.  Con- 
nally is  missionary  of  the  Eastern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion. 
Connecticut,  The  Baptists  of.— Connecticut 

began  her  career  with  the  Puritan  doctrine  of 
church  and  state.  The  standing  order  was  Presby- 
terian,— now  Congregational, — and  held  the  ground 
by  law  until  the  opening  of  the  present  century. 
The  new  constitution,  giving  full  freedom  of  con- 
science, was  adopted  in  1818,  and  the  article  on 
religious  liberty  was  drawn  by  Rev.  Asahel  Morse, 
a  Baptist  minister  from  Suffield.  The  leaven  of 
liberty  was  early  introduced  into  the  colony  by  the 
Baptists  from  Rhode  Island,  and  gradually  wrought 
the  transformation  of  the  State. 

The  first  New  Testament  liaptisms  were  solemn- 
ized in  Waterford  in  1674,  the  persons  uniting  with 
a  church  in  Rhode  Island.  A  great  excitement  fol- 
lowed, and  the  Legislature  was  invoked  to  suppress 
the  innovation.  The  first  Baptist  church  was  or- 
ganized in  Groton,  in  1705,  by  Rev.  Valentine 
Weightman.  a  man  of  liberal  education  for  his  time. 
The  second  was  formed  in  Waterford  in  1710.  A 
third  was  gathered  in  Wallingford  in  1735.  Three 
more  were  planted  in  1743, — one  in  North  Stoning- 
ton,  one  in  Lyme,  and  one  in  Colchester.  A  seventh 
was  formed  in  Saybrook  in  1744.  In  the  latter 
place  ''fourteen  persons  were  arrested  for  holding 
a  Baptist  meeting,  .  .  .  tried,  fined,  and  driven  on 
foot  through  a  deep  mud  (in  February)  to  New 
London,  a  distance  of  twenty-five  miles,  and  thrust 
into  prison,  without  fire,  food,  or  beds,  where  they 
remained,  enduring  dreadful  sufferings,  for  several 
weeks."  In  this  State,  however,  Baptist  prin- 
ciples began  to  spread  more  rapidly  on  account  of 
the  Great  Awakening,  which  gave  birth  to  evan- 
gelical sentiments  and  to  a  strong  party  in  the 
standing  order,  known  as  Separatists  and  Now 
Lights,  who  appealed  to  the  New  Testament.  Yale 
College  took  ground  against  the  reformation  and 
expelled  some  who  favored  it.  The  colony  was  in 
a  ferment  from  1740  to  1760.  About  forty  separate 
cliurches  were  formed.  The  Separatists  •'  generally 
turned  Baptists."  Among  some  in  this  transition 
period,  and  for  a  time  after,  there  was  a  mixture 
of  ecclesiastical  views  and  some  experimental  affili- 
ations. Baptist  principles,  however,  eventually 
triumphed,  and  the  standing  order  was  greatly 
modified  and  mollified,  and  the  Baptists  stood  forth 


CONNECTICUT 


269 


CONNER 


in   all    their    proper    distinctness   and    independ- 
ence. 

The  Stonington  Union  Association  was  formed 
in  1772.  In  the  llevolution  the  Baptists  were  ar- 
dent patriots.  In  1789  they  counted  about  30 
churches  and  20  ordained  ministers.  The  Gro- 
ton  Union  Conference,  a  mixed  association  of 
Baptists  and  Separatists,  had  but  a  temporary  ex- 
istence. The  Hartford  Association  was  organized 
in  1789.  In  1795  the  State  contained  about  CO 
churches,  40  ministers,  and  3500  members.  The 
New  London  Association  was  formed  in  1817,  the 
Ashfird  Association  in  1S24,  the  New  Haven  As- 
sociation in  1825,  the  Fairfield  Association  in  1837. 
In  1848  the  State  counted  over  lHO  churches,  and 
more  than  16,000  members.  The  Connecticut  Bap- 
tist Education  Society  was  organized  in  1819,  the 
State  Convention  was  formed  in  1823,  the  Chrixtian 
Secretary  was  started  in  1822,  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  was  founded  in  1833,  the  Con- 
necticut Baptist  Social  Union  was  formed  in  1871, 
and  the  State  Sunday-school  Convention  was  organ- 
ized in  1877. 

Evangelization  and  education  were  early  pursued 
by  the  denomination,  and  efforts  have  been  constant 
and  systematic  for  domestic,  home,  and  foreign 
missions,  and  for  Sunday-schools  and  a  denomina- 
tional literature.  Yale  College  to-day  gladly  ad- 
mits the  Baptists  to  its  halls  and  privileges.  Truth 
has  conquered  its  way  to  an  open  field.  The  pres- 
ent Baptist  statistics  of  the  State  are  as  follows 
(given  in  1879);  6  Associations,  119  churches, 
20,767  memliers,  1  institution  of  learning,  1  peri- 
odical, 1  education  society,  2  Conventions,  1  social 
union,  various  missionary  societies. 

Connecticut  Literary  Institution  was  founded 
by  the  Connecticut  Baptist  Education  Society  in 
Suffield,  Conn.,  in  .Tune,  1833;  opened  at  first  in 
the  old  town  hall ;  the  south  building  entered  in 
1834;  the  institution  incorporated  in  1835.  Prin- 
cipals: Harvey  Ball,  assisted  by  Reuben  Granger, 
1833-35  ;  N.  II.  Shailer,  1835-37  ;  Julius  L.  Shailer. 
1837-40;  C.  C.  Burnett,  1840-48;  W.  W.  Wood- 
bury, 1848-56  ;  H.  A.  Pratt,  1856-01  ;  F.  B.  Gam- 
mell,  1861-05;  E.  P.  Bond,  1865-70;  E.  Benjamin 
Andrews,  1S70-72;  J.  A.  Shores,  IS72-80;  Mar- 
tin II.  Smith,  1880.  During  the  first  ten  j-ears 
only  males  were  admitted :  in  1843  females  ad- 
mitted;  in  1845  ladies'  building  erected;  this  was 
burned  in  1871  ;  a  larger  edifice  was  erected  ;  well 
equipped  with  library,  chemical  and  pliiloso|)liical 
apparatus;  ample  corps  of  instructors  ;  young  men 
fitted  for  colleges ;  young  ladies  fitted  for  Vassar 
or  Wellesley  ;  it  has  a  noble  history. 

Conner,  Champ  C,  D.D.,  the  son  of  John 
Conner,  was  born  in  Culpepper  Co.,  Va.,  March 
13,  1811,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Cumberland 
George  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Broad  Run  Bap- 


tist church,  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  14,  1828,  and 
very  soon  after  commenced  preaching  the  gospel, 
being  in  his  eighteenth  year.  He  married  Ann 
Eliza  Slaughter,  Dec.  23,  1833,  and  moved  to  West 
Tennessee,  November,  1835  ;  he  died  at  Indian 
Mound.  Lauderdale  Co.,  Feb.  14,  1875.  He  was 
an  able  presiding  officer,  and  when  present  at  the 
Big  Ilatehie  Association  and  West  Tennessee  Bap- 
tist Convention,  be  was  nearly  always  chosen  to 
fill  the  chair ;  he  presided  with  dignity  and  pre- 
cision. He  possessed  rare  talent  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel  ;  he  was  of  almost  unequaled  elo- 
quence; he  could  hold  liis  audience  spell-bound  for 
hours,  and  was  an  able  defemlerof  Baptist  doctrine 
and  practice,  contending  always  "  most  earnestly 
for  the  faith  once  delivered  to  the  saints."  He  was 
a  "  land-marker"  both  in  faith  and  practice,  yet, 
while  he  was  bold  and  fearless  in  the  advocacy  of 
the  doctrines  he  held,  he  was  always  courtenus  and 
respectful  to  those  who  difTtn-ed  from  him.  He  was 
not  only  gifted  as  a  preacher,  but  be  was  a  man  of 
extensive  information  about  medicine  and  jurispru- 
dence, and  also  about  matters  pertaining  to  State 
and  National  governments.  At  the  time  of  his 
decease  he  was  the  pastor  of  four  churches, — Grace, 
Society  Hill,  Woodlawn,  and  Zion.  He  died  in  the 
field  assigned  by  the  Master,  with  the  harness  on. 
He  died  at  his  post,  and  left  a  vacancy  in  the  de- 
nomination which  cannot  he  easily  filled.  He  left 
us  in  his  sixty-fourth  year,  after  a  few  days  of  suf- 
fering, to  join  the  company  of  the  redeemed. 

*'  Servant  of  God,  well  done  ; 
Rest  from  thy  loved  employ  ; 
The  battle  fought,  the  victory  won. 
Enter  thy  Master's  Joy." 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  at  a 
meeting  of  brethren,  representing  Elim,  Grace, 
Ripley,  Society  llill,  and  Woodlawn  churches,  held 
in  the  town  of  Ripley,  Feb.  20,  1875  : 

^'Resolved,  That  in  the  death  of  Champ  C.  Conner, 
D.D.,  the  church  of  Christ  has  lost  a  great  and 
good  man,  and  the  community  a  valued  citizen. 

'^Resolved,  That  we  bow  with  submission  to  this 
bereavement  of  Providence,  ami  deeply  sympathize 
with  the  dear  afflicted  family  in  the  irreparable  loss 
which  they  have  sustained,  a  loss  which  we  feel 
assured  has  conferred  upon  our  brother  eternal  and 
glorious  gain." 

Dr.  Conner  had  attr.ictive  social  qualities,  a  happy 
disposition,  and  a  clear  and  logical  mind.  His 
piety  increased  with  his  years.  There  was  more 
humility,  meekness,  submission,  patience,  and  dili- 
gence in  the  Master's  service  as  he  advanced  in 
life.  He  would  frequently  say  that  his  work  was 
almost  done.  His  opposition  to  pulpit  affiliations 
with  teachers  of  error  grew  and  strengthened  up  to 
the  day  of  his  death.  He  was  a  great  friend  of 
missions  and  Sabbath-schools.     Being  one  of  the 


CONRAD 


270 


CONVEYANCES 


pioneer  preachers  of  West  Tennessee,  lie  had  to 
meet  and  combat  Antinomianism  in  all  its  varied 
forms ;  but  he  lived  to  see  it  almost  extinct.  Dr. 
Conner  was  called  to  preside  for  a  term  of  years 
over  the  Baptist  Female  College  at  Hernando,  Miss. 
lie  was  also  pastor  of  Iloniando  cluircli  during  the 
same  period.  lie  served  as  pastor  of  the  Browns- 
ville church  for  some  time.  He  was  a  minister  of 
brilliant  parts.  But  the  orator  is  gone !  We  shall 
hear  no  more  his  earnest  voice,  or  see  the  tearful 
eye  ;  his  tongue  is  silent  in  the  grave. 

Conrad,  Rev.  P. — One  of  the  earliest  pioneer 
missionaries  in  Wisconsin.  lie  was  a  native  of 
Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.  Converted  when  a  boy,  he 
heard  early  in  life  the  call  of  God  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel. He  entered  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution  at  sixteen  years  of  ago,  and  graduated 
with  honor  from  both  departments.  He  came  to 
Wisconsin  in  1S42,  with  a  commission  from  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  as  mis- 
sionary for  Wisconsin.  He  was  pastor  at  Milwau- 
kee, Geneva,  Prairie-du-Sac,  Baraboo,  Delton,  Kill- 
bourne,  Berlin,  and  East  Troy.  His  great  work, 
however,  was  accomplished  as  itinerant  missionary 
under  the  direction  of  the  State  Convention  or 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  There 
is  Iiardly  a  town  of  any  note  in  the  State  in  which 
he  did  not  sow  the  gospel  seed.  He  was  for  many 
years  the  "missionary  apostle''  of  Wisconsin,  siuce 
he  preached  the  gospel  "throughout  all  tliis  re- 
gion.'' Hi^  served  the  American  Bible  Union  as 
its  financial  agent  in  the  State  for  a  short  term. 
It  was  while  on  his  missionary  tours,  preaching 
the  gospel  to  the  destitute,  gathering  the  scattered 
sheep  into  churches,  that  he  was  most  happy,  lie 
was  a  .sound  preacher,  a  good  student  of  the  Bible, 
exemplary  in  his  life.  He  died  Nov.  I,  1875,  at 
Santa  Barbara,  Cal.,  where  he  had  gone  to  .seek 
health.  It  is  befitting  that  one  whose  life-work 
was  done  in  Wisconsin  should  have  a  place  among 
the  annals  of  its  ministers. 

Conventicle  Act,  The. — This  act  condemns  all 
persons,  refusing  peremptorily  to  come  to  church, 
after  conviction,  to  banishment;  and  in  case  of 
return,  to  death  without  benefit  of  the  clergy.  It 
also  enacts,  "  That  if  any  person  above  the  age  of 
sixteen,  after  July  1,  1G64,  shall  be  present  at  any 
meeting,  under  color  or  pretense  of  any  exercise 
of  religion,  in  any  other  manner  than  is  allowed 
by  the  liturgy  or  practice  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, where  there  shall  be  five  or  more  persons 
than  the  household,  shall,  for  the  first  offense,  sufi"er 
three  months'  imprisonment,  upon  record  made 
upon  oath  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  a  justice  of 
the  peace,  or  pay  a  sum  not  exceeding  five  pounds  ; 
for  the  second  offense  six  months'  imprisonment  or 
ten  pounds ;  and  for  the  third  oifense  the  oifonder 
to  be  banished  to  some  of  the  American  plantations 


for  seven  years  or  pay  one  hundred  pounds,  except- 
ing New  England  and  Virginia ;  and  in  case  they 
return  or  make  their  esca))e,  such  persons  are  to 
be  adjudged  felons,  and  xiiffer  death  witliout  hi-mjil 
of  dcrijy.  Slieritfs,  or  justices  of  the  peace,  or 
others  commissioned  by  them,  are  empowered  to 
dissolve,  dissipate,  and  break  up  all  unlawful  con- 
venticles, and  to  take  into  custody  such  of  their 
number  as  they  think  fit.  They  who  suffer  such 
conventicles  in  their  houses  or  barns  are  liable  to 
the  same  forfeitures  as  other  oS'i'nders.  Tlie  |)ros- 
ecution  is  to  be  within  three  months.  Married 
women  taken  at  conventicles  are  to  be  imprisoned 
for  twelve  months,  unless  their  husbands  pay  forty 
shillings  for  their  redemption."  No  scourge  could 
create  a  greater  panic  among  Dissenters  in  England 
than  the  Conventicle  Act,  and  the  havoc  it  made 
among  tliem  was  dreadful.  Informix's  abounded, 
and  the  prisons  groaned  with  persecuted  Baptists 
and  others.  Snme  conformed  occasionally  to  Episco- 
pal worship ;  but  the  Baptists  were  enthusiastic 
and  resolute,  and  suffered  the  loss  of  goods  and 
of  liberty,  and  many  of  them  died  in  prison.  But 
no  acts  of  Parliament  could  suppress  the  truth  of 
God,  and  the  sufi'eringa  of  saints  planted  seed  in 
new  hearts. 
Conveyances  of  Real  Estate  for    Church 

Uses. — Conveyances,  according  to  an  old  British 
statute  called  the  "  Statute  of  Frauds,"  in  some 
form  are  in  force  universally  in  this  country.  Every 
transfer  of  land  must  be  made  in  writing  and  signed 
by  the  grantor.  A  gift  of  land  for  church  purposes 
must  therefore  be  in  writing,  and  legally  signed  and 
witnessed,  or  it  is  not  binding.  There  are  also 
statutes  in  many  of  the  States  of  the  Union  re- 
quiring all  gifts  for  charities  (and  all  religious  uses 
are  charities)  to  be  made  within  a  certain  time, 
varying  from  one  to  six  months,  before  the  death 
of  the  giver,  and  this  applies  whether  the  gift  be 
made  by  deed  or  will.  Such  gifts  must  also  be 
signed  in  presence  of  two  or  more  subscribing  wit- 
nesses. The  pious  intentions  of  persons  who  wished 
to  dedicate  a  portion  of  their  wealth  to  the  service 
of  God  have  been  frustrated  and  disappointed  by 
a  failure  to  attend  to  tliese  fornnilities.  In  convey- 
ing property  to  a  church  just  formed,  great  care 
should  be  exercised  and  competent  legal  advice 
taken,  when  practicable,  to  have  the  deed  made  and 
executed  in  legal  form.  Where  the  property  is 
bought  before  the  church  is  organized  and  chartered, 
the  conveyance  may  be  made  to  certain  persons 
chosen  as  trustees  to  hold  it  until  a  charter  can  be 
procured ;  but  if  afterwards  the  society  changes 
the  trustees  the  title  does  not,  as  a  general  rule, 
follow  the  change,  but  remains  in  the  old  trustees. 
Such  a  trust,  however,  will  always  he  enforced  by 
the  courts,  and  the  trustees  compelled  to  hold  and 
convey  the  property  so  as  to  carry  out  fully  the 


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271 


COOK 


trust.  Where  a  church  owns  property  it  should 
procure  a  charter  without  delay,  and  have  tlie  title 
lei;ally  conveyed  to  the  corporation  or  trustees  of 
the  cliurcli.  The  general  rule  of  law  is  that  an 
unincorporated  society  cannot  take  and  hold  prop- 
erty in  its  own  name;  but  in  many  of  tlie  States 
great  indulgence  is  shown  to  religious  societies  as 
charitaltle  institutions,  and  conveyances  and  de- 
vises to  them  are  sustained  on  that  ground,  which 
would  not  otherwise  be  valid.  In  the  States  bor- 
dering on  the  Atlantic  coast  many  unincorporated 
churches  and  religious  societies  received  and  used 
property  acquired  by  them  for  their  proper  pur- 
poses in  early  times  before  the  laws  with  regard  to 
incorporations  Ijeeame  generally  known,  and  the 
usage  thus  established  has  become  the  foundation 
of  the  law  on  this  subject  in  those  States  and  in 
many  otliers. 


the  same  year  the  board  of  trustees  organized  under 
the  charter  by  the  appointment  of  the  following 
officers,  viz. ;  President,  Elbert  W.  Cook  ;  Secretary, 
Kev.  Joel  Ilendrick  ;  Treasurer,  Elbert  P.  Cook, 
Esq.  Tliese  officers  have  held  their  respective  po- 
sitions to  the  present  time. 

The  purpose  of  Col.  Cook  is  expressed  in  the 
following  words  :  "  I  would  found  a  purely  classi- 
cal, literary,  and  scientific^  institution,  and  place  it 
on  a  firm  basis  and  under  Christian  inlluences.  I 
desire  a  school  of  the  first  class,  but  I  do  not  desire 
a  godless  school.  I  would  establish  in  connection 
with  the  institution  a  thorough  classical  course,  so 
that  young  gentlemen,  and  young  ladies  also,  can 
prepare  themselves  fur  entering  college  in  the  most 
complete  and  thorough  manner.  I  am  desirous 
that  this  department  shall  take  the  highest  rank  in 
the  preparation  of  students  for  college.     I  would 


COOK    .\CADEMr,   HAy.^yA,  SCHUYLER    CO..  X.  T. 


Cook  Academy,  N.  Y. — This  institution  is  lo- 
cated ill  the  village  of  Havana,  Schuyler  Co.,  N.  Y., 
and  had  its  origin  in  a  proposition  of  Col.  E.  W. 
Cook  to  the  New  York  Baptist  State  Convention 
in  1S70.  He  tendered  to  the  Convention  the  mag- 
nificent property  previously  known  as  the  People's 
College,  valued  at  §12.3,000,  on  condition  that  it 
should  be  thoroughly  equipped  and  well  supported. 

The  property  was  purchased  by  Col.  Cook,  trans- 
ferreii  to  the  persons  named  as  trustees,  and  the 
charter  obtained  in  August,  1872.     In  October  of 


have  also  a  thorough  literary  and  scientific  course, 
in  which  young  gentlemen  and  ladies  not  intending 
to  advance  to  higher  institutions  may  obtain  a 
thorough  education,  second  only  to  a  collegiate  one. 
I  am  greatly  desirous  tliat  the  academy  sliall  always 
be  accessible  to  students  of  limited  means." 

In  full  sympathy  with  this  expressed  purpose 
the  school  was  opened  in  September,  1873,  having 
a  faculty  of  eight  teachers,  with  Charles  Fainnan, 
LL.D.,  late  of  Shurtleflf  College,  III.,  as  principal. 
The  average  number  of  pupils  the  first  year  was 


COOK 


272 


COOK 


101;  second  year,  139;  third  year,  154;  fourth 
year,  163;  fifth  year,  170.  A  healtliful  religious 
atmospliere  has.  prevailed  in  the  school  from  the 
bes'nning.  About  40  conversions  occurred  among 
the  students  the  first  year,  and  about  120  during 
the  first  four  years. 

As  a  literary  institution  it  now  ranks  among  the 
best  of  its  kind  in  tlie  State,  but  the  trustees  desire 
to  increase  its  facilities  by  endowments,  and  by 
additions  to  its  library  and  apparatus. 

Cook,  Hon.  C.  M.,  was  born  in  Franklin  County 
in  1S44.  Ilo  wascdiicatod  at  AVake  Forest  College. 
He  was  adjutant  of  the  .55th  N.  C.  Regiment  in  the 
late  war,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the  last 
battles  around  Richmond.  lie  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  1<SG8.  lie  has  repeatedly  represented  his 
district  in  the  Legislature,  and  he  was  president  of 
the  Baptist  State  Convention  during  the  session  of 
1870.  Mr.  Cook  is  a  good  Sunday-school  worker 
and  a  devout  Christian. 

Cook,  J.  F.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1837.  He  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  twelve  years  of  age.  Prepared  for  college 
at  the  Fayette  -High  School  in  Howard  Co.,  Mo. 
He  entered  Georgetown  College  in  IS55,  and  grad- 
uated in  1858,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
the  same  year. 

He  took  the  presidency  of  the  La  Grange  College 
in  1866.  During  his  administration  the  institution 
has  constantly  gained  in  finances  and  character. 
He  is  a  fine  scholar  and  an  excellent  teacher,  and 
while  he  rules  his  school  he  has  the  love  of  all  his 
students,  and  he  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  who 
know  him.  He  is  gentle  and  yet  firm,  modest  and 
yet  dignified.  He  exerts  a  happy  influence  over 
all  that  enjoy  his  society.  He  is  making  nunierous 
pillars  to  support  our  great  republic  with  wisdom 
and  honor  in  coming  days. 

Cook,  Rev.  Richard  Briscoe,  was  born  in 
•  Baltimore,  Md.,  Nov.  11,  1838.  After  receiving 
an  elementary  education  in  the  public  schools  and 
in  the  academy  of  the  Newton  University  of  his 
native  city,  he  entered  mercantile  life,  and  spent 
five  years  in  the  counting-room  and  store.  At  his 
conversion  he  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Fuller, 
April  12,  1857,  and  received  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Seventh  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  of  which 
he  became  an  active  member.  At  the  earnest  so- 
licitation of  Dr.  Fuller  he  gave  up  his  position  in 
the  mercantile  house,  and  in  1859  entered  the  Co- 
lumbian College,  to  prepare  himself  for  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  In  the  .Junior  year  of  his  course  he 
received  the  Davis  prize  medal  for  elocution,  and 
in  1863  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  sharing 
with  one  other  the  highest  honors  of  the  class.  Af- 
ter his  graduation  he  was  chosen  tutor  in  Greek 
in  the  college,  in  which  position  he  served  during 
1863-64.     The  degree  of  A.M.  in  course  was  con- 


ferred upon  him  in  1866.  He  took  a  private  course 
in  theology,  mainly  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Samson ;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Seventh  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  and  was  or- 
dained by  a  council  called  by  the  same  oliurch  in 
Octo1)er,  1864,  Rev.  Drs.  Fuller,  Samson,  Wilson, 
and  others  officiating.     Immediately  after,  ho  was 


REV.   RICHARD    BRISCOE    COOK. 

engaged  to  supply  the  pulpit  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Ilolmesburg,  Philadelphia,  and  eventually  be- 
came its  pastor.  On  the  2d  of  April  following,  the 
meeting-house,  which  was  a  rude-looking  building, 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  there  was  erected  in  its 
stead  a  handsome  brownstone  edifice,  costing  up- 
wards of  §22,(100,  which,  in  1807,  within  two  years 
and  a  half  after  tlie  fire,  was  dedicated,  free  of  debt. 
The  church  had  prospered  so  much  in  the  mean 
time,  that  a  few  years  afterwards  a  neat  chapel 
was  also  erected  in  Byberry  for  mission  purposes, 
costing  nearly  S40()0.  Mr.  Cook  remained  with 
the  church  at  llnlmesburg  eleven  years,  during 
which  time  twice  as  much  money  was  raised  for 
benevolent  purposes  as  had  been  contributed  during 
the  thirty-two  previous  years  ;  the  pastor's  salary 
w.as  tripled  ;  the  home  Sunday-.school  was  greatly 
enlarged,  and  a  mission  school  established.  In 
December,  1875,  he  became  pastor  of  tlie  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  at  which  place 
there  were,  during  his  first  year  as  pastor,  147 
baptisms,  the  membership  being  increased  by  155 
additions,  and  the  number  of  the  Sunday-school 
doubled,  as  well  as  a  very  large  adult  Bible-class 
formed.  In  1869  he  served  as  moderator  of  the  Cen- 
tral Union  Association,  in  all  the  deliberations  of 


COOK 


273 


COON 


which  he  was  aeoustoiued  to  take  an  aotivp  pai-t. 
For  one  year,  also,  he  acted  as  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Baptist  Ministerial  Conference,  after 
having  previously  served  as  vice-president.  Mr. 
Cook  has  in  preparation,  and  almost  ready  for 
publication,  a  popular  "  History  of  the  Baptists," 
designed  more  especially  for  Sunday-schools  and 
fur  the  young,  which  will  add  to  his  reputation  as 
a  scholar  and  a  writer,  and  he  has  a  valuable  his- 
tory of  the  Baptists  of  Delaware  now  passing 
through  the  press.  No  niiiiistcr  in  Pennsylvania 
or  Delaware  enjoys  a  larger  measure  of  the  con- 
fidence of  his  brethren  than  Mr.  Cook.  Ho  is  an 
able  minister  of  the  Saviour. 

Cook,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Eastham, 
Mass.,  in  1791.  Early  in  his  life  his  parents  re- 
iniived  to  the  State  of  Maine,  and  there  he  resided 
for  many  years.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he 
became  a  hopeful  Christian,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Clinton,  Me.  He  studied  at 
Waterville,  under  the  direction  of  Kev.  Dr.  Chapin. 
After  leaving  the  institution  he  was  called  to  the 
Baptist  church  of  Effingham,  N.  H.,  where  he  was 
ordained.  Dr.  Chapin  preaching  the  sermon,  which 
was  published.  On  leaving  Effingluim  he  served 
in  succession  the  churches  in  Brentwood,  \.  H., 
Hampton  Falls,  Hopkintun,  Meredith  Village,  and 
Dunbarton.  For  some  time  he  was  the  agent  of 
the  New  Hampshire  State  Convention,  and  labored 
among  the  feeble  churches.  His  last  regular  min- 
isterial service  was  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  where  for 
eight  years  he  acted  as  chaplain  of  the  State  prison. 
His  life  was  a  laborious  one  as  a  minister  of  Christ, 
and  God  blessed  his  labors  abundantly.  Mr.  Cook 
died  at  Concord.  N.  H.,  Feb.  l.i,  1872. 

Cooke,  Rev.  Nathaniel  B.,  was  born  at  Cam- 
bridgeport,  Mass.,  in  1S16;  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  eleven  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Howard  Mal- 
com  in  1X34.  He  prepared  for  college  at  the  Phil- 
lips Academy,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1840.  It  was  his  strong  desire  at 
this  period  of  his  life  to  become  a  minister  of  the 
gospel,  but  circumstances  temporarily  prevented, 
and  be  devoted  himself  to  teaching  for  a  time  in 
Bristol,  K.  I.  Subsequently  he  studied  medicine 
at  Yale,  and  practised  his  profession  for  a  period  at 
Leicester,  Mass.,  and  then  returned  to  Bristol, 
R.  I.,  where  he  was  the  principal  of  the  high 
school  for  nine  years.  The  way  now  being  opened 
for  him  to  carry  out  his  long  cherished  wishes  to 
preach,  he  was  ordained  at  Greenville,  Mass., 
where  for  six  years  lie  was  a  faithful  minister  of 
Christ.  He  then  removed  to  Lonsdale,  R.  I.,  where 
he  died  May  14,  1871.  He  won  the  sincei-e  respect 
and  affection  of  the  communities  in  which  he  lived 
and  labiiroil. 

Cooley,  Darwin  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Claren- 
don, Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5,  1830,  and  united 


with  the  Baptist  church  in  Sweden,  N.  Y.,  in 
March,  1841.  He  fitted  fur  college  at  the  Brock- 
port  Collegiate  Institute,  entering  the  Sophomore 
class  of  the  University  of  Rochester  in  1852,  and 
graduating  in  18.70,  and  from  the  theological  sem- 
inary at  Rochester  in  18.57.  He  was  ordained  at 
Clyde,  N.  Y.,  July  16,  18.57.  Removing  West  the 
following  year,  under  appointment  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  he  settled  at  Stevens  Point,  Wis., 
June  1,  1858,  being  the  first  pastor  of  the  church 
there.  Here  he  remained  until  June  1,  1861,  during 
which  time  a  good  house  of  worship  was  built  and 
paid  for.  At  the  date  last  given  he  removed  to 
Appleton,  AVis.,  laboring  there  as  pastor  six  years 
and  three  months.  lie  then,  in  1867,  settled  at 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  remaining  there  three  years. 
Under  his  ministry  there  was  a  large  ingathering 
at  this  point,  and  a  fine  house  was  built.  In  the 
beginning  of  1871,  Mr.  Cooley  became  pastor  of 
the  churcli  in  Canton,  111.,  where  he  remained  eight 
years.  From  Canton  he  removed  to  Fieeport,  set- 
tling there  Nov.  14,  1879.  At  Freeport,  during  the 
pastorate  which  he  still  holds,  the  beautiful  house 
has  been  finished  and  all  the  expenses  of  its  erec- 
tion met,  while  here  as  elsewhere,  he  has  com- 
mended himself  as  an  able  and  "'  good  minister  of 
Jesus  Christ."  Dr.  Cooley  received  his  degree  of 
D.D.  from  the  theological  seminary  at  Morgan 
Park  in  1878. 

Coon,  Rev.  James  McCowen,  the  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Beaver  Dam.  Wis.,  is  a 
native  of  Frankfort,  Clinton  Co.,  Iiid.,  where  he 
was  born  July  19,  1844.  His  father  is  Rev.  R.  R. 
Coon,  for  many  years  a  well-known  Baptist  min- 
ister in  Illinois.  The  suliject  of  this  sketch  spent 
his  boyhood  in  Peoria  and  Alton,  111.  He  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Chicago,  graduating 
in  the  class  of  1869.  Having  (he  ju-ofession  of 
law  in  view,  immediately  upon  graduating  from 
the  university  he  entered  the  Union  Law  School, 
of  Chicago,  and  graduated  from  that  institution  in 
1870.  Subsequently  yielding  to  long-continued 
convictions  that  God  called  him  to  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry,  he  entered  the  Baptist  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  Chicago,  and  completing  the 
full  course  graduated  in  1874.  Having  received 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Galva,  III.,  he  was  ordained  by  that  church  in 
August,  1874. 

Mr.  Coon's  pastorate  at  Galva  continued  four 
years.  Having  received  a  call  to  the  jiastorate  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.,  he  re- 
signed his  position  at  Galva,  in  1879,  to  accept  the 
invitation  at  Beaver  Dam,  which  has  since  been 
his  home.  For  two  years  past  he  has  ably  con- 
ducted a  department  of  the  International  .Sunday- 
School  Lessons  published  iu  the  S/andarJ.  His 
expositions  have  been  scholarly  and  his  practical 


COOPER 


274 


COOPER 


deductions  pointed  and  clear.  lie  is  a  J'oung  min- 
ister of  culture  and  character. 

Cooper,  Deacon  Dan  Smith,  son  of  Samuel 
and  Emily  L.  (Liiisley)  Cooper,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1819.  in  North  Haven,  Conn.;  nephew  to  Kev. 
James  II.  Linsley ;  moved  to  New  Haven  at  the 
a^e  of  fourteen  ;  converted  at  tlie  age  of  eigliteen, 
wliile  a  clerk,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  New  Haven  ;  in  1840  began  as  a  merchant 
on  State  Street,  and  has  continued  till  the  present 
(1880);  honored  by  all  the  people  of  the  city;  in 
1858  he  was  chosen  deacon  under  the  pastorate  of 
S.  D.  Phelps,  D.D.,  and  remains  in  office;  known 
and  holcjved  by  all  the  Baptists  in  the  State ;  a 
representative  citizen  and  a  warm-hearted  Christian. 

Cooper,  Rev.  David,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 
pioneer  Baptist  in  Southwest  Mississippi,  who  com- 
bined the  calling  of  minister  and  physician.  He 
came  to  the  State  in  1802,  and  from  this  time  until 
his  death,  in  1830,  he  was  assiduous  in  his  labors 
in  Southwestern  Mississippi  and  Eastern  Lnuisiana, 
and  perhaps  did  more  than  any  other  man  to  give 
character  to  these  early  Baptists.  Himself  a  man 
of  learning,  he  was  a  vigorous  advocate  of  minis- 
terial education.  He  w.as  also  an  active  promoter 
of  missions.  He  was  limg  moderator  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Association,  wliich  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing, and  wrote  many  valuable  papers  which  appear 
as  circular  letters  in  the  minutes  of  the  Association. 

Cooper,  Rev.  George,  was  bom  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  Dec.  10,  1840  ;  was  baptized  by  his  father. 
Rev.  .James  Cooper,  D.D.,  at  Woodstock,  Ontario, 
Dec.  27,  18.i7  ;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Toronto,  Canada,  and  at  Hamilton  Theological 
Seminary,  N.  Y.,  graduating  from  the  latter  insti- 
tution in  1866:  was  ordained  June  1,  1866,  and 
settled  as  pastor  at  North  Attleborough.  Mass.,  and 
remained  until  December,  1869,  when  he  removed 
to  Gloversville,  N.  Y.  In  M.ay,  LST-j,  he  entered 
upon  his  present  field  of  labor  with  the  First  church, 
"West  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  of  the  American  Baptist  Puldication 
Society,  and  of  the  cur.ators  of  the  university  at 
Lewisliurg,  and  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
management  of  educational  and  raissionarv  work 
in  the  State.  He  is  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments 
and  of  a  spriglitly  and  social  disposition.  As  a 
preacher,  he  unfolds  Bible  truths  with  marked  clear- 
ness of  enunciation,  and  as  a  pastor  he  is  diligent, 
constant,  and  successful.  Mr.  Cooper  is  one  of  the 
ablest  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Cooper,  James,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  southern 
part  of  Scotland.  Dec.  27,  1812.  His  parents  being 
Presbyterians,  he  was  brought  up  in  that  faith, 
and  he  married  a  lady  who  held  the  same  senti- 
ments. On  the  birth  of  their  first  child,  now 
Rev.   George   Cooper,  of  Philadelphia,  their    at- 


tention was  called  to  the  subject  of  infant  bap- 
tism. As  a  result  they  both  became  Baptists,  and 
were  baptized  in  Edinburgh  by  Kev,  Christopher 
Anderson,  author  of  the  "Annals  of  the  English 
Bible."  Though  trained  for  secular  business,  a 
call  to  the  ministry  now  prevailed.  He  studied  at 
Bradford,  Englan<l,  and  at  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, in  the  latter  attending  the  lectures  of  Sir 
W,  Hamilton.  He  left  Scotland  in  184^),  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  at  Perth,  Canada.  He 
was  afterwards  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Kemptville 
and  Brockville,  He  also  did  much  missionary  work 
in  the  country  adjoining.  In  1853  he  took  charge 
of  the  church  at  AVoodstock,     A  new  house  of 


JAMES    COOrER,  D,D, 

worship  was  at  once  built.  He  gathered  around 
him  some  young  tnen  from  other  churches  who  de- 
sired to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  aided  them  in 
their  instruction.  He  entered  heartily  into  the 
plans  of  the  denomination  for  the  theological  train- 
ing of  its  young  men,  out  of  which  grew  the  Cana- 
dian Literary  Institute.  He  did  much  toward  the 
planting  of  the  school  at  AVoodstock,  and  ever  bore 
helpful  relations  to  it.  In  1805  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  London,  where  for  fourteen  years 
he  enjoyed  great  success.  As  a  result  a  second 
church  was  formed  in  the  city.  In  August,  1879, 
he  left  the  province  and  his  work  to  live  in  Kelso, 
Scotland,  and  spend  life's  evening  in  rest.  Being 
a  most  exact  and  careful  Biblical  student,  his  has 
been  a  teaching  ministry  as  well  as  an  evangelistic. 
The  churches  to  which  he  ministered  were  well 
trained  in  the  Word,  and  so  the  gains  of  many 
spiritual   awakenings  were   permanent.     In   1869 


COOPER 


275 


COOPER 


Madison  University  conferred  en  liim  the  degree 
of  D.D. 

Cooper,  James,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  V.oston, 
Mass.,  Jan.  'J.,  1826;  removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1832; 
joined  the  Ninth  Street  church  in  that  city,  by  bap- 
tism, early  in  1840,  and  tlie  same  year  went  to 
Woodward  College.  At  the  end  of  two  years,  ill 
health  compelled  him  to  suspend  study  and  enter 
into  active  business.  la  184"  he  resumed  study  in 
the  preparatory  department  of  the  AVestern  Theo- 
logical Institute,  at  Covington,  Ky.  In  1848  he 
went  to  Granville  College  (now  Denison  Univer- 
sity), wliere  he  graduated  in  1850.  The  nest  three 
years  he  spent  in  the  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion, and  finished  the  usual  course  of  study.  After 
spending  fifteen  months  in  mission  work  in  Cin- 
cinnati, he  was  ordained  in  December,  1854.  His 
successive  pastorates  have  been  as  follows :  Madi- 
son, AVis.,  one  year  ;  Waukesha,  Wis.,  three  years  ; 
Melrose.  Mass.,  three  years;  the  Berean  church, 
West  Pliiladelphia,  Pa.,  six  years  ;  Rondout,  N.  Y., 
eight  years  ;  Flint,  Mich.,  three  years.  He  re- 
signed his  charge  in  Flint,  at  the  call  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  become  its 
district  secretary  for  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Michigan. 
Ilis  present  residence  is  Detroit.  His  ministry 
has  been  attended  with  large  ingatherings  to  the 
churches  he  has  served.  In  1880  he  was  made  a 
Doctor  of  Divinity  by  Denison  University. 

Cooper,  Hon.  Mark  A.,  a  distinguished  Geor- 
gian, and  for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  Con- 
gress, was  born  in  Hancock  County,  April  20,  1800. 
His  parents  on  both  sides  were  Virginians,  his  an- 
cestors having  emigrated  from  England  and  Hol- 
land. He  was  educated  in  youth  by  Nathan  S. 
Beman,  at  Mount  Zion  Academy,  and  by  Ira  Ing- 
ram, at  Powelton  Academy.  At  seventeen  he  en- 
tered Franklin  College,  at  Athens,  but  left  the  in- 
stitution on  the  death  of  Dr.  Finley,  and  entered 
the  South  Carolina  College,  at  Columbia,  where  he 
graduated  in  1810.  Choosing  law  for  his  profes- 
sion, he  studied  under  Judge  Strong,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1821,  and  settled  in  Eatonton,  Ga., 
where  he  began  to  practise.  During  the  same  year 
he  was  converted  and  joined  the  Eatonton  Baptist 
church.  In  1S25,  when  Gov.  Geo.  M.  Troup  called 
for  volunteers  to  protect  our  Florida  border  from 
the  Seminole  Indians,  Mark  A.  Cooper  tendered 
his  services,  joining  a  regiment  formed  by  Col. 
Eilward  Hamilton,  and  served  through  the  war, 
being  appointed  paymaster,  and  paying  off  the 
soldiers  at  its  close.  He  was  then  elected  solicitor 
of  the  Ocmulgee  cii-cuit  by  the  Legislature,  and, 
afterwards,  becoming  prominent  in  politics,  was 
elected  to  Congress,  where  he  served  two  terms  in 
the  House  of  Kepresentatives.  His  position  before 
the  entire  country  became  so  prominent  that  he 
■was  prevailed  upon  by  his  friends  to  accept  the 


nomination  for  gnvernor  of  Georgia,  in  opposition 
to  George  W.  Crawford,  in  184.3 ;  but  he  was  de- 
feated, and  Mr.  Crawford  was  elected. 

In   183G  he  again  responded  to  the  call  of  the 


HON.  MARK    A.  COOPER. 

United  States  for  volunteers  to  subdue  the  Semi- 
nole Indians,  who  were  waging  war  in  Florida. 
His  was  one  of  five  companies  formed  into  a  bat- 
talion in  Middle  Georgia,  of  which  he  was  elected 
major.  He  accepted  the  command,  marched  to 
Florida,  and  served  through  Gen.  Winfield  Scott's 
campaign  in  that  State.  Major  Cooper  was  one  of 
the  very  first  Georgians  to  advocate  the  building 
of  railroads  in  the  State  :  and.  in  connection  with 
Clias.  P.  Gordon,  called  the  first  railroad  meeting  in 
the  State,  and  made  the  first  railroad  speech  ;  and 
afterwards,  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  assisted 
in  securing  the  charter  of  the  Georgia  Railroad. 
Nor  did  he  cease  his  efibrts  until  that  road  was 
built  from  Augusta  to  Atlanta,  and  extended  by 
the  State  from  Atlanta  to  Chattanooga. 

No  man  in  Georgia  has  done  more  to  build  up 
her  manufacturing  interests  than  Mr.  Cooper.  He 
helped  to  organize  one  of  the  first  cotton-mills  in 
the  State,  at  Eaton  ton.  lie  established .  and  for  years 
maintained  an  extensive  iron  and  flour  manufac- 
turing company,  at  Etowah.  Cass  Co.  (now  Bar- 
tow), which  was  completely  destroyed  by  the  Fed- 
eral army.  He  was  for  several  years  the  president 
of  a  successful  bank  in  Columbus ;  and  was  the 
first  to  open  the  coal  mines  in  Dude  County,  and  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  for  the  sliipment  of  coal  to 
Georgia  for  manufacturing  purposes.  He  founded 
the   State  Agricultural  Society,  which  is  still  in 


COOPER 


276 


COOPER 


vigorous  existence,  drew  up  the  constitution  him- 
self, and  for  a  series  of  years  presided  over  its 
affairs  successfully.  For  a  while  he  was  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  University,  and  assisted  in  its  location  ; 
and  for  nearly  fifty  years  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
State  university. 

In  all  his  life  ho  has  been  a  man  of  mark.  Of 
very  commanding  appearance,  with  a  splendid  in- 
tellect, fine  oratorical  powers,  and  with  exceptional 
abilities  in  every  respect.  Even  as  late  as  1877  he 
was  sent  by  tho  people  of  his  district  to  represent 
them  in  tho  State  senate,  iind  in  1878  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention. 
Now  in  his  eiglitieth  year,  he  enjoys  good  health, 
so  remarkable  are  his  physical  powers. 

Mr.  Cooper  has  always  been  a  firm  Baptist,  and 
a  strong  supporter  of  all  our  denominational  pro- 
jects. He  built  a  Baptist  house  of  worship  at 
Etowah,  and  for  years  was  its  Sunday-school 
superintendent  and  main  supporter.  He  lost  two 
sons  in  the  war,  both  most  promising  young  men, 
and  each  of  whom  took  the  first  honor  in  the  State 
university. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  a  layman  and  deacon  of  re- 
markable piety  and  extended  influence  and  useful- 
ness, was  born  in  Henry  Co.,  Va.,  in  1767,  and 
died  at  Eatonton,  Ga.,  in  1842.  His  ancestors  on 
the  maternal  side,  Antony  by  name,  came  from 
Holland  ;  on  the  paternal  side  from  England,  and 
))(ith  settled  in  Virginia.  Thomas  Cooper,  Sr.,  a 
memljer  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  in  Virginia, 
married  Sallie  .Vntony,  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  eleven  children.  Thomas  Cooper,  .Jr.,  the  third 
son,  moved  from  Virginia  to  Haneock  Co.,  Ga., 
where,  in  1797,  he  married  Judith  Harvey,  by  w^hom 
he  had  five  children, — Clinton,  who  died  in  infancy  ; 
Mark  Antony  Cooper,  for  years  a  member  of  Con- 
gress and  still  living  at  the  age  of  eighty -one  ;  Mrs. 
Harriet  Nisbit,  Mrs.  Narcissa  Boykin,  and  Mrs. 
Emily  Branham,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  In  1822, 
Thomas  Cooper  moved  from  Hancock  County  to 
Eatonton,  Putnam  Co.,  where  he  lived  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  man  of  large  property,  one  of 
the  first  planters  in  Georgia  who  raised  cotton  to 
sell,  and  was  the  inventor  of  a  roller  cotton-gin. 
He  was  a  well-informed  man,  a  great  reader  and  a 
deep  thinker,  and  was  very  fund  of  the  study  of 
natural  philosophy  and  astmnomy.  He  was  a 
diligent  student  of  the  Bible,  and  made  himself 
familiivr  with  such  theological  works  as  those  of 
Andrew  Fuller  and  Dr.  .John  Gill,  whose  Commen- 
tary was  his  favorite  work  of  reference. 

His  religious  convictions  began  in  1810,  soon 
after  the  death  of  his  wife  Judith.  He  was  bap- 
tized by  Jesse  Mercer,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
at  Powelton  about  1811,  transferring  his  member- 
ship eleven  years  afterwards  to  Eatonton,  where  for 
years,  as  a  deacon,  he  continued  an  active  and  zeal- 


ous church  member,  using  his  office  well  and  pur- 
chasing to  himself  a  good  degree  and  great  boldne.ss 
in  the  faith.  He  was  distinguished  for  gndliness ; 
he  was  an  earnest  and  lilieral  sup|>orter  of  schools 
and  colleges,  and  an  ardent  and  generous  friend  of 
missions  and  Sunday-schools.  He  was  not  only 
a  worthy  church  member,  who  was  referred  to  by 
all  who  knew  him  as  a  standard  of  Christian  char- 
acter and  excellence,  but  he  was  a  thorough  Bap- 
tist, who  was  very  active  in  building  up  the  de- 
nomination in  Georgia.  He  was  regular  in  the 
exercise  of  family  prayer,  in  which  he  was  always 
impressive  and  frequently  eloquent.  His  son, 
Mark  A.  Cooper,  received  bis  first  religious  con- 
victions while  at  family  devotions  when  twelve 
years  of  age, — convictions  so  deep  as  to  be  apparent 
to  all,  and  so  lasting  that  they  have  never  faded 
away. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  among  the  number  of  those  who 
were  instrumental  in  founding  Mercer  University, 
and  delighted  to  aid  worthy  young  men  who  were 
studying  for  the  ministry.  He  was  a  devoted  friend 
of  the  temperance  cause,  seldom  indulged  in  anec- 
dote, and  never  in  light  table-talk,  always  preferring 
to  converse  on  grave  subjects.  In  demeanor  he  was 
austere  and  decisive,  unwavering  in  his  family  ad- 
ministration, yet  always  kind  and  considerate  in 
his  domestic  relations.  He  was  the  friend,  com- 
panion, and  co-laborer  of  Jesse  Mercer,  B.  M. 
Sanders,  Reuben  Battle,  Adiel  Sherwood,  C.  D. 
Mallary,  John  E.  Dawson,  and  many  others  of  like 
character. 

"  As  a  member  he  w.as  scarcely  less  distinguished 
than  Jesse  Mercer  as  a  minister.  In  him  were 
joined  to  a  native  intellect  remarkably  clear,  dis- 
criminating, and  vigorous,  the  most  excellent  quali- 
ties of  heart,  all  sanctified  by  fervent  and  exalted 
piety.  Three  times  a  day  would  he  retire  to  com- 
mune with  God.  For  the  last  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  of  his  life  this  wise  and  venerable  man  was 
a  humble  pupil  in  a  Bible-class.  His  faithfulness 
in  encouraging,  counseling,  and,  if  necessary,  re- 
proving his  brethren  was  worthy  of  all  praise  ;  and, 
as  a  judicious,  watchful,  conscientious,  punctual, 
painstaking  deacon,  a  brighter  model  lias  never 
appeared  in  our  churches.  His  pecuniary  bimnties 
were  scattered  over  a  broad  field  with  a  liberal 
hand.  For  many  years  before  he  died  his  entire 
income  beyond  his  necessary  expenses  was  conse- 
crated to  pious  purposes.  For  a  long  time,  to  tho 
writer's  knowledge,  he  contributed  annually  SKK) 
to  each  of  some  half  dozen  religious  objects,  whilst 
his  extra  contributions  of  sums  varying  from  $100 
to  SIOOO,  unknown,  indeed,  to  many,  were  not  in- 
frequent. In  his  will  the  claims  of  Zion  were  as 
sacredly  remembered  as  his  children.  Long  will 
it  be  before  we  shall  see  in  our  midst  such  a  mm- 
ister  as  Jesse  Mercer,  and,  perhaps,  as  long  before 


COOPER 


277 


CORBLEY 


we  pli.ill  see  such  a  deacon  as  Thomas  Cooper." 
(C.  f).  Mallary  in  his  "  Memoirs  of  Jesse  Mercer.") 

In  person  lie  was  f\\  feet  high  and  very  erect, 
of  qiiicli,  ehistic  step,  strong  and  muscular  frame, 
but  by  no  means  corpulent,  weighing  150  or  160 
pounds.  lie  had  very  expressive  blue  eyes,  over- 
shadowed by  marked  eyebrows,  with  light  chestnut- 
colored  hair,  which  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
became  slightly  intermi.xed  with  gray. 

Ministers  of  all  denominations  were  always  wel- 
come at  his  large  mansion,  which  was,  peculiarly, 
the  home  of  the  preachers  and  members  of  the 
Baptist  denoiii illation  when  traveling  in  his  vicinity. 

Cooper,  Rev.  T.  B.,  A.M.,  B.D.,  of  Ogeechee, 
Ga.,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1824,  in  Montgomery  Co., 
Ga.,  and  was  in  youth  educated  by  Dr.  P.  II.  Mell 
and  Milton  E.  Bacon.  He  professed  conversion  in 
184.5,  graduated  regularly  in  the  literary  depart- 
ment of  Mercer  University  in  1849,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Savannah,  Feb.  9,  1852.  He  has  served 
as  pastor  the  churches  at  Waynesville,  Brunswick, 
AV^ades,  and  Little  Ogeei-hee.  He  has  held  the  po- 
sitions of  Professor  of  Belles-Lettres  in  the  Georgia 
Female  College,  of  president  of  the  Marietta  Female 
College,  and  of  agent  in  Georgia  for  the  Foreign 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 

He  has  been  a  useful  preacher  and  instructor,  a 
successful  agent,  and  a  talented  contributor  to  the 
denoiiiinatiiJiial  papers. 

Cooper,  B,ev.  W.  B.,  a  minister  of  culture  who 
labored  successfully  to  build  up  our  denomination 
in  Florida.  He  was  born  in  Abbeville  District, 
S.  C,  in  180".  His  father,  Joseph  Cooper,  of  Vir- 
ginia, was  a  man  of  rare  culture  and  intellect,  and 
the  early  education  of  the  son  was  under  his 
fathers  training  till  1828,  when  he  attended  an 
academy  near  his  home,  which  was  then  in  Laurens 
District. 

AVliile  at  the  institution  he  was  converted,  under 
the  preaching  of  Daniel  Mangrain,  of  \ewberry 
District,  and  was  baptized  by  bim  at  Mount  Pleas- 
ant cluu-ch. 

On  leaving  the  academy  he  went  to  a  theological 
school  at  a  place  called  High  Hills,  in  Sumter  Dis- 
trict, the  commencement  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  now  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  and  in  the  spring  of  1835 
he  entered  Columbian  College,  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  where  he  graduated  in  1837. 

After  his  graduation  he  went  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
where  he  was  ordained,  probably  in  1838.  He  re- 
moved to  Florida  as  early  as  1839  or  1840,  and 
located  at  Madison  Court-IIouse,  and  from  that 
time  till  his  death,  in  IS78,  he  labored  mainly  in 
what  is  called  "  Middle  Floriihi,"  occasionally  cross- 
ing the  line  into  Georgia. 

For  meekness,  prudence,  and  humility  he  was 
hardly  ever  excelled  and  not  often  equaled. 


He  was  a  very  earnest  minister,  and  the  people 
loved  to  hear  him.  His  style  of  preaching  was 
very  instructive.  He  was  a  leader  in  all  moral, 
religious,  and  denominational  works,  and  he  fre- 
quently presided  over  Associations  and  Conven- 
tions. In  Hamilton,  Columbia,  Madison.  Jeffer- 
son, and  other  counties  he  did  a  grand  work  for 
Jesus  and  for  his  beloved  denomination.  The 
Florida  Association,  with  which  he  was  chiefly 
identified,  is  going  to  erect  a  monument  over  his 
grave. 

Cooper,  Rev.  W.  H.,  of  Fort  Gaines,  Ga., 
though  a  young  man,  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
and  hard-working  Baptist  ministers  in  the  State. 
His  father  came  from  England  in  1835,  and  after 
various  removals  settled  in  Lee  Co.,  Ga.,  in  1840, 
where  his  son  was  born,  Jan.  15, 1842.  Mr.  Cooper 
was  educated  at  Penfield,  in  both  the  literary  and 
theological  departments  of  Mercer  University.  lie 
united  with  the  Palmyra  church  in  his  seventeenth 
year,  w.as  ordained  in  his  twenty-third  year,  and 
began  a  succession  of  very  prosperous  pastorates 
in  Southwestern  Georgia,  Moving  to  Fort  Gaines 
in  1878,  he  has  since  that  time  served  the  churches 
in  that  place  and  at  Cuthbert. 

He  has  engaged  much  in  teaching;  was  for  three 
years  school  commissinncr  of  Dougherty  County, 
and  has  for  years  been  president  of  the  Bethel 
Sunday-School  Association,  and  an  ardent  worker 
in  the  Sunday-school.  Perhaps  no  white  man  in 
Georgia  is  more  highly  esteemed  by  the  colored 
people,  or  has  a  more  healthy  influence  among 
them.  At  the  earnest  request  of  the  ministei-s  and 
laymen  of  the  Fowl  Town  (colored)  Association, 
he  has  for  years  acted  iis  their  clerk,  giving  them 
the  lienefit  of  his  services  and  experience. 

Mr.  Cooper  is  an  amiable  and  well-informed  gen- 
tleman and  a  good  preacher.  He  is  a  zealous,  pious 
worker,  and  stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  his 
denomination.  Notwithstanding  the  constant  pain 
and  inconvenience  lie  endures  from  the  stum]i  of 
an  arm,  lost  during  the  war,  he  has  made  an  en- 
viable record  for  himself. 

Corbley,  Rev,  John,  was  bom  in  England  in 
1733,  and  ('migrating  to  this  country,  became  a 
minister  in  Virginia.  The  violence  of  persecution 
drove  him  from  the  "Old  Dominion"  in  1768  into 
the  southwestern  portion  of  Pennsylvania,  then  a 
mere  wilderness.  Here  he  assisted  in  planting 
churches.  John  Sutton,  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
faithfully  co-operated  with  him.  In  1775  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Goshen  church  on  Big  Whitely  Creek, 
Greene  Co.  Richly  endowed  both  by  nature  and 
grace,  his  mini.stry  was  one  of  great  success.  But 
in  the  midst  of  his  joys  he  was  called  to  drink  the 
cup  of  sorroAV  in  the  loss  of  his  wife  and  five  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  were  killed  by  the  Indians  on  a 
Sabbath  morning  while  on  their  wav  to  the  house 


CORCORAN 


278 


CORCORAN 


of  God.  No  name  is  n<ore  venerated  in  the  south- 
western portion  of  the  State  than  the  name  of  this 
brother.  A  nui:ierous  progeny  lias  sprung  from 
the  only  surviving  dauglitor,  who,  though  scalped 
hy  the  Indians  and  left  for  dead,  was  mercifully 
brouglit  hack  to  life.  Brother  Corbley  lived  to 
attain  the  age  of  seventy,  dying,  greatly  lamented, 
in  1803.     "  The  memory  of  the  just  is  blessed." 

Corcoran,  'William  Wilson,  LL.D.,  was  bom 
in  Georgetown,   D.  (.'.,  Deo.  27,   1798.     His  father 


WILLIAM    WILSOX    CORCORAN-,    LL.D. 

was  Thomas  Corcoran,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who 
Nettled  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  engaged  in  business 
there.  In  1787  he  removed  to  Georgetown,  where 
he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1830,  holding  the 
office  of  mayor  of  the  town  for  many  years,  and 
highly  esteemed  by  the  entire  community.  One  of 
his  two  daughters  married  the  Rev.  Dr.  S.  P.  Hill, 
of  Washington,  D.  C.  Mr.  W.  W.  Corcoran  first 
engaged  in  the  dry-goods  business,  and  afterwards 
in  the  commission  business.  From  1828  to  1836 
he  was  in  charge  of  the  real  estate  of  the  Bank  of 
Columbia,  and  of  the  branch  of  the  United  States 
Bank  at  Washington.  From  1836  to  1854  he  was 
in  the  exchange  business.  Subsequently  to  1840, 
Mr.  Corcoran,  in  connection  with  Mr.  G.  W.  Riggs, 
became  one  of  the  most  successful  financial  men 
of  the  country,  and  negotiated  all  the  large  loans 
of  the  government  during  the  Mexican  war.  These 
great  burdens  were  carried  with  such  ability  as  not 
only  to  relieve  the  government  from  all  embarrass- 
ment, but  also  to  insure  to  the  negotiator  the  re- 
muneration to  which  his  financial  skill  so  justly 
entitled  him.     In  1835,  Mr.  Corcoran  married  the 


accomplished  daughter  of  Commodore  Morris,  who 
lived,  however,  only  five  years  after  their  marriage, 
dying,  in  1840,  of  a  pulmonary  affection,  and  leav- 
ing an  only  child,  Louise.  In  1859,  Miss  Louise 
Corcoran  was  united  in  marriage  to  the  Hon. 
George  Eustis,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Lou- 
isiana ;  but  the  daughter,  like  the  mother,  survived 
her  marriage  only  a  few  years,  dying  in  Cannes, 
France,  in  1867,  of  the  same  disease.  These  sad 
bereavements  in  bis  home,  instead  of  turning  the 
genial  nature  of  Mr.  Corcoran  into  a  gloomy  and 
isolating  moroseuoss,  only  opened  more  widely  the 
many  channels  through  which  his  beneficence  had 
before  been  bestowed  upon  the  needy.  Of  his  pri- 
vate benefactions  this  is  not  the  place  to  write, 
even  if  we  were  sufficiently  familiar  with  them  ; 
but  many  an  aching  heart  and  many  a  saddened 
home  have  been  made  glad  by  the  unexpected  sun- 
shine which  has  streamed  in  upon  them  from  his 
generous  gifts.  It  is  as  a  public  benefactor  that 
we  now  speak  of  him. 

In  1847,  Mr.  Corcoran  purchased  in  Georgetown 
the  land  that  is  now  known  as  Oak  Hill  Cemetcrv, 
a  beautiful  spot  commanding  a  view  of  the  city  and 
the  surrounding  country,  and  having  expended 
upon  it  about  S120,000  in  architectural  and  floral 
decorations,  he  presented  it  to  his  native  town.  In 
1857  he  began  tlie  erection  of  a  beautiful  Temple 
of  Art,  situated  near  the  President's  House,  on 
which  he  lavished  about  8300,000;  in  addition  to 
which  be  added  a  fund  of  over  §880,000,  an  endow- 
ment yielding  an  annual  income  of  $00,000.  This 
building  was  used  by  the  government  during  the 
war  as  a  depot  for  military  stores,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  contest  it  was  completed  at  a  cost  of  ?40,000, 
and  conveyed  to  trustees  for  the  benefit  of  the 
city  and  nation.  To  this  rich  gift  he  added  his 
entire  gallery  of  paintings,  statuary,  and  other 
works  of  art,  a  collection  which  for  years  h.ad  drawn 
a  constant  stream  of  visitors  to  his  private  resi- 
dence. One  of  the  choicest  of  his  gifts  is  the 
Louise  Home,  a  beautiful  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  his  wife  ami  daughter.  An  imposing  building, 
with  beautiful  surroundings,  and  internal  conven- 
iences such  as  the  wealthiest  could  scarcely  enjoy, 
he  has  erected  it  as  a  home  for  aged  ladies  of  edu- 
cation and  refinement  who,  by  the  reverses  of  for- 
tune, have  been  reduced  from  affluence  to  poverty. 
The  value  of  the  lot  and  the  cost  of  erecting  the 
building  were  about  !?200,000,  added  to  which  is  an 
endowment  of  S280,000,  producing  an  annual  in- 
come of  ?18,000.  He  has  also  given  valuable  land, 
amounting  to  at  least  i?50,000,  to  the  Washington 
Orphan  Asylum,  as  well  as  smaller  sums  to  six  or 
seven  similar  institutions  in  the  South. 

Mr.  Corcoran  has  also  made  large  contriliutions 
to  churches  and  colleges.  To  the  theological  sem- 
inary of  the  Diocese  of   Virginia    he  has  given 


COREY 


279 


CORyELICS 


$10,000;  to  the  Diocese  of  Mississippi,  11,000  acres 
of  land  ;  and  to  the  church  of  the  Ascension  in 
AVashington  City,  of  whicli  he  is  a  member,  880,000, 
one-half  of  the  entire  cost  of  the  handsome  cl)urch 
eilifice  just  erected.  To  the  Washington  and  Lee 
I'niversity  of  Virf^inia  he  presented  the  "Howard 
I/il>rary,"  cdntaininj;  ahout  4000  volumes,  the  most 
valuable  classical  library  in  the  State  of  Virginia, 
ill  collectinj;  which  Mr.  Howard,  a  gentleman  of 
eminent  scholastic  attainments,  spent  more  than 
forty  years.  In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Corcoran  made 
the  same  university  a  donation  of  §30,000.  He 
has  given  to  the  University  of  Virginia  ?.iO00  for 
its  library,  and  S100,000  to  endow  two  professor- 
ships in  the  same  institution.  Mr.  Corcoran,  al- 
though a  staunch  Episcopalian,  has  been  reniaik- 
ably  generous  to  the  Baptist  denomination.  Soon 
after  the  close  of  tlie  war  he  presented  to  the 
Columbian  College  the  handsome  building  now  used 
by  the  National  Medical  College  (the  medical 
school  of  the  Columbian  University)  ;  and  within 
the  past  four  or  five  years  he  has  al.so  given  to  the 
Columbian  University  a  large  tract  of  land  adja- 
cent to  the  city  of  Washington,  and  known  as 
"Trinidad,"  valued  at  $150,000,  the  proceeds  of 
which  are  to  bo  devoted  to  the  founding  of  a  scien- 
tific .school  of  the  liighest  grade.  Large  as  these 
benefactions  are,  thoy  are  only  a  part  of  what  Mr. 
Corcoran  has  done  fur  asylums,  churches,  and  edu- 
cational institutions.  He  has  long  been  personally 
interested  in  tlie  prosperity  of  the  Columl)ian  Uni- 
versity, of  which  his  father  was  an  original  trustee, 
and  of  whose  board  he  is  himself  the  president, 
aiding  not  only  by  his  contributions,  but  also  by 
his  judicious  counsel,  the  various  plans  devised  by 
the  governing  body  for  the  enlargement  and  more 
assured  success  of  the  institution. 

Mr.  Corcoran's  private  life  is  as  pure  and  unos- 
tentatious as  his  public  lienefactions  have  been  large 
and  far-rc>aching, — a  life  trulj'  honorable  and  with- 
out a  stain. 

Corey,  Rev.  Charles  Henry,  was  born  Dec. 
]'2,  1834.  at  New  Canaan,  New  Brunswick,  Canada. 
He  was  bapti/.eil  Feb.  15,  1852,  at  Petitcodiac.  New 
Brunswick.  After  a  short  academic  course  at  the 
Baptist  Seminary  in  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick, 
he  entered  Acadia  College,  at  Wolfville,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  18,54,  and  in  1858  graduated  with  the 
highest  hiinors  of  his  class.  Acadia  College  con- 
ferred upon  him,  in  1861,  thedegree  of  A.M.  After 
completing  his  collegiate  course  he  entered  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  graduated  in 
18()1.  In  Septenilier  of  this  year  he  wasiirdained 
pastor  of  tlie  First  Baptist  church,  Seabrook,  N.  II., 
where  he  remjvined  until  Jan.  1,  1864,  at  which 
time  ho  resigned  and  entered  the  service  of  the  U.  S. 
Christian  Commission.  He  remained  in  the  field 
until  the  close  of  the  war.     Uiion  the  invitation  of 


the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  Mr. 
Corey  went  to  South  Carolina  as  a  missionary  to 
the  freedmen,  and  during  his  residence  there  of  two 
years  he  organized  a  number  of  churches  and  se- 


REV.  CHARLES   HEXKY    COREV. 

cured  for  them  ministers  of  their  own  race.  In  the 
fall  of  1867  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the  Au- 
gusta Institute,  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  in  1868  was 
selected  to  succeed  N.  Colver,  D.D.,  as  president 
of  the  institution  for  training  colored  preachers 
and  teachers  at  Richmond,  A'a.,  over  which  most 
successful  school  he  still  presides.  Mr.  Corey  has 
.been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  religious  and 
secular  press,  and  during  the  war  wrote  a  very 
interesting  series  of  letters  for  the  Christian  Vis- 
ifoi;  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick.  His  work  in 
Richmond  has  been  carried  on  with  great  skill  and 
success,  and  is  resulting  in  incalculable  good  both 
to  the  colored  men  and  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Corley,  William,  Esq.,  an  active,  influential, 
and  gciierniis  mcinber  of  the  Vermont  Street  Bap- 
tist church  in  Quincy,  and  one  of  its  deacons,  was 
born  in  New  York  City,  Dec.  27,  1821  ;  he  became 
a  resident  of  Quincy  in  1853.  During  the  years 
1857-61  he  lived  in  St.  Louis,  where  he  experienced 
religion  and  united  with  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Dr.  Galusha  Anderson,  pastor.  In  1861  he  re- 
turned to  Quincy  and  united  with  the  A'erniont 
Street  church,  by  which,  also,  he  was  electeil  deacon 
in  1867,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  his  death, 
Feb.  2.5,  1875.  He  was  a  zealous  worker,  a  ready 
giver,  and  an  eminently  spiritual  man. 

Cornelius,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Deron- 
port,  England,  in   17'J4.     His  parents  removed  to 


CORNELL 


280 


CORPORATION 


Philadelphia  and  died  while  he  was  a  child.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  church  under  Dr.  Willinm 
Staufrhton  early  in  life.  Encnuraged  and  instructed 
by  this  eminent  man  he  commenced  prcachinj;, 
and  was  settled  as  pastor  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  from  ISIV 
to  1824,  when  he  succeeded  Dr.  Cone  as  pastor  in 
Alexandria.  During  this  fruitful  pastorate  of  thir- 
teen years,  he  was,  with  Noah  Davis,  the  originator 
of  what  is  now  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society.  lie  was  also  an  official  and  hearty  helper 
in  the  early  building  of  the  Columbiun  College. 
Afterwards  he  spent  eleven  years  in  pastoral  work 
in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  and  in  agency  service  for 
the  Colonization  Society.  In  1848  he  came  to 
Michigan,  preaching  as  supply  at  Adrian,  as  pas- 
tor at  Troy,  and  in  a  missionary  capairity  at  Bay 
("ity  and  elsewhere  while  living  in  Detroit.  At 
dill'erent  times  he  performed  much  self-sacrificing 
and  successful  agency  work  for  the  educational  in- 
terests of  the  Convention,  and  became  endeared  to 
the  churches  and  ministry.  His  work  closed  with 
a  useful  pastorate  at  Ann  Arbor.  His  preaching 
was  rich  in  Scripture  truth,  felicitous  in  diction, 
and  abounding  in  proofs  of  culture  and  in  the 
Spirit's  power.     lie  died  in  1870. 

Cornell,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  7,  181o,  and  was  educated  at  Madison 
University.  In  April,  1844,  he  was  ordained  at 
Macedon,  W.-iyne  Co.,  N.  Y.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  Ionia,  Mich.,  and  served  the  church  in 
that  place  as  its  pastor  till  18G2.  After  four  years  in 
Norwalk,  O.,  he  was  recalled  to  Ionia.  From  1866 
to  1870  he  was  pastor  in  Smyrna,  from  1870  to 
1877  in  Portland.  Since  1877  he  has  been  chaplain 
of  the  State  prison  in  Ionia.  In  184S  and  in  1849 
he  was  cliaplain  in  the  State  House  of  Represen- 
tatives. He  is  known  among  his  brethren  as  a 
prudent  and  faithful  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Comwell,  Francis,  A.M.,  was  educated  at 
Emmanuel  College,  Camliridge,  England.  During 
the  tyranny  of  Archbishop  Laml  over  the  English 
Church  he  was  torn  from  his  home  in  Marden, 
Kent,  and  lodged  in  Maidstone  jail.  He  offended 
Laud  because  he  objected  to  the  surplice,  kneeling 
at  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  making  the  sign  of  the 
cross  in  baptism.  While  Mr.  Corn  well  was  in 
prison  a  lady  visited  those  in  confinement,  and  in 
conversation  spoke  of  her  doubts  about  infant  bap- 
tism being  in  the  Scriptures.  Mr.  CornwcU  tried 
to  remove  her  misgivings  by  the  AVord  of  God,  but 
failed  to  satisfy  either  her  or  himself.  Mr.  Wilson, 
a,  fellow-prisoner,  who  had  listened  to  the  conver- 
sation, informed  Mr.  Cornwell  that  he  always  un- 
derstood that  infant  baptism  was  not  in  the  Scrip- 
tures, that  it  was  a  tradition  handed  down  from 
early  times.  Mr.  Cornwell  recognized  no  religious 
institution  as  possessing  any  right  to  live  unless  it 
was  found  in  the  Bible,  and  he  immediately  began 


to  search  the  Scriptures  thoroughly  for  infant  bap- 
tism, the  result  of  which  was  that  he  became  a  Bap- 
tist, and  was  immersed  by  the  Uev.  AVm.  Jeffery. 

In  1044,  .>*oon  after  his  adoption  of  Baptist  doc- 
trines, and  before  his  opinions  were  known  to  have 
been  changed,  he  preached  his  celebrated  sermon 
before  the  clergy  at  the  Cranbrook  '•  Visitation," 
in  which  he  avowed  his  sentiments  so  boldly  that 
some  were  startled,  and  most  were  indignant;  the 
Rev.  Christopher  Blackwuod  went  away  to  examine 
the  Scriptures,  and  Mr.  Jeffery  in  a  little  time  bap- 
tized him  too. 

He  published  a  work  at  this  time  in  defense  of 
his  new  principles,  called  "  The  Vindication  of  the 
Royal  Commission  of  King  Jesus."  In  this  treatise 
he  proved  that  christening  children  is  a  popish 
tradition  and  an  anti-Christian  custom,  contrary  to 
the  commission  given  by  the  Saviour.  He  dedi- 
cated it  to  the  Parliament,  and  had  it  distribute<l 
at  the  door  of  the  House  of  Commons  to  the  mem- 
bers.   It  created  much  excitement  and  some  wrath. 

He  believed  that  a  true  church  consisted  only  of 
those  who  had  really  repented,  and,  after  putting 
their  trust  in  the  Saviour,  had  been  baptized.  This 
led  him  to  leave  the  state  church  and  gather  a  com- 
munity of  saved  persons  in  the  neighborhood  of  his 
old  fold,  to  whom  he  ministered  with  groat  faith- 
fulness as  long  as  he  lived. 

Mr.  Cornwell  was  a  man  of  extensive  eruditiim. 
Neal  speaks  of  him  as  '"one  of  the  most  learned 
divines  that  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Baptists.'' 
This  was  the  opinion  entertained  of  his  scholarship 
wherever  he  was  known.  He  feared  no  mortal ; 
his  life  was  pure,  his  end  was  peace.  He  was  the 
author  of  four  works. 

Corporation  andTest  Acts.— The  Corjioration 

Act  sa\s.  '•  In  order  to  perpetuate  the  succession 
in  corporations  in  the  hands  of  persons  well 
affected  to  the  government,  it  is  ordained  that 
every  mayor,  alderman,  common  councilman,  or 
any  other  officer  in  a  corporation,  should  be  obliged, 
besides  the  common  oath  of  allegiance  and  suprem- 
acy, and  a  particular  declaration  against  the  Solemn 
League  and  Covenant,  to  take  an  oath  declaring 
that  it  was  not  lawful,  upon  any  pretense  whatso- 
ever, to  take  arms  against  the  king ;  and  that  he 
did  abhor  that  traitorous  position  of  taking  arms 
by  his  authority  against  his  person  or  against  those 
commissioned  by  him."  This  act  became  a  law  in 
1661. 

No  dissenter  could  take  this  oath  conscientiously. 
So  that  Baptists  and  all  other  dissenters  were  ex- 
cluded from  every  corporation  in  England. 

The  Test  Act  rerpiired  that  ''All  persons  enjoy- 
ing any  office  or  place  of  trust  and  profit  should 
take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  supremacy  in 
public  and  open  court,  and  should  also  receive  the 
sacrament   in    some    parish    church,    immediately 


CORSON 


281 


corroN 


after  divine  service:  and  deliver  certificates  signed 
by  tlie  ministers  and  clinrch  wardens,  attested  ]>y 
the  oaths  of  two  credible  witnesses  and  put  upon 
record."  It  also  required  an  express  denial  of 
transubstantiation  in  the  brea<l  and  wine  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  after  consecration. 

The  act  received  the  king's  approval  March  29, 
IfiT.'?.  All  Baptists,  and  all  other  conscientious  non- 
conformists, and  all  true  Catholics  were  excluded 
from  every  corporation  in  England  ;  and  from  every 
office  of  "trust  and  profit"  under  the  government, 
by  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts. 

But  these  acts  only  secured  the  orthodoxy  or 
hypocrisy  of  a  person  on  entering  upon  the  duties 
and  privileges  of  his  office.  It  had  no  penalties 
fir  him  if  he  became  a  Baptist  or  a  member  of 
some  other  nonconformist  community  afterwards. 
To  remedy  this  defect,  in  1711  the  Schism  Bill  be- 
came the  law  of  the  land.  This  infamous  act  com- 
manded, ''That  if  any  persons  in  office,  who  by 
the  laws  are  obliged  to  qualify  themselves  by  re- 
ceiving the  sacrament  or  test,  shall  ever  resort  to 
a  conventicle  or  meeting  of  dissenters  for  religious 
worship,  during  the  time  of  their  continuance  in 
such  office,  they  shall  forfeit  twenty  pounds  for 
every  such  offense,  and  be  disqualified  for  any 
office  for  the  future  till  they  have  made  oath  that 
they  have  entirely  conformed  to  the  church,  .and 
h.ave  not  been  at  any  conventicle  for  the  space  of 
a  whole  year."  The  entire  officials  of  the  govern- 
ment mu.st  be  Episcopalians  on  their  appointment, 
and  continue  faithful  to  that  cliurch  under  heavy 
penalties.  In  every  way  our  Baptist  brethren  in 
England  were  crippled  :  they  were  branded  with 
infamy,  fined,  imprisoned,  transported,  and  threat- 
ened with  death.  The  Schism  Bill  was  repealed 
in  1718.  But  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts  dis- 
graced the  statute  book  of  England  till  1828. 

Corson,  Hon.  William,  was  born  in  Frederick 
Co.,  Va.,  iMay  14,  17'J8.  He  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1819.  He  was  register  of  lands  under  appoint- 
ment from  President  Jlonroe.  He  removed  from 
Ralls  County  to  Palmyra,  where  he  lived  till  his 
death.  lie  was  teller  in  the  bank,  commissioner 
of  lands  for  the  Hannibal  and  St.  .Joseph  Ilailro.ad, 
U.  S.  mail  agent,  director  in  the  board  of  public 
schools,  and  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  lower 
.and  upper  house  of  the  Missouri  Legislature.  He 
was  for  years  moderator  of  Bethel  Association, 
and  helped  to  organize  the  Central  Association  in 
1834,  now  the  General  As.sociation  of  Missouri. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  locate 
AVilliam  .Jewell  College,  and  drew  up  its  charter 
and  petitioned  the  Legislature  for  an  act  of  incor- 
poration. He  was  a  quartermaster  in  the  army, 
from  1862  to  1864.  In  all  public  positions  he  dis- 
charged his  duties  with  honor  to  himself.  No  stain 
rests  upon  his  character.  He  gave  light  in  his 
19 


home  and  in  the  church.  Ilis  energy  overcame  all 
obstacles  and  his  faith  made  him  submissive  to  all 
providences.  The  Bible  was  his  daily  study.  Tlie 
ministers  found  in  his  family  a  welcome  home. 
He  was  baptized  in  August,  1819,  in  Virginia.  In 
1820  he  joined  the  Peno  church  in  Pike  Co.,  Mo., 
then  the  Bethel  church  in  Marion  County,  then 
the  church  in  Palmyra.  He  organized  the  Sabbath- 
school  in  Palmyra  in  182.1.  He  died  Nov.  .3,  187.3, 
aged  seventy-five  years,  five  months,  and  nineteen 
days.  Many  followed  him  to  the  grave.  He  lived 
a  long,  useful,  and  honored  life. 

Cotton,  Hon.  John  H.,  of  Puritan  descent,  was 
born  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  Aug.  20,  1778.     He 


IIOX.  JOHN    II.  (OTTOX. 

received  a  good  English  education.  He  was  mar- 
ried May  30,  1802,  and  early  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business ;  after  residing  several  years  in  Catskill 
and  Kortright,  State  of  New  York,  he  removed  to 
Bradford,  Orange  Co..  Vt.,  about  the  year  1807. 
He  made  a  public  profession  of  religion  Nov.  11, 
1S14,  and  united  with  the  Congregational  church 
in  that  place.  lie  was  often  elected  to  offices  of 
honor  and  trust,  having  represented  tlie  town  in 
the  State  Legislature  five  ye.ars,  from  1814  to  1818, 
and  was  town  clerk  from  1816  to  1820 ;  was  at  one 
time  a  member  of  the  governor's  council,  and  was 
chosen  Presidential  elector.  AVhile  residing  in 
Bradford  he  was  appointed  associate  judge  of  the 
County  Court. 

In  1820,  having  been  elected  by  the  Legislature 
superintendent  of  the  Vermont  State  pri.son.  located 
at  Windsor,  he.  with  his  family,  in  December,  re- 
moved to  that  place  :  to  this  office  he  was  re-elected 


COULSTON 


282 


COURTNEY 


sixteen  consecutive  years.  Iliivinjj;  become,  from 
tli'iroiiirh  conviction,  a  l)eliever  in  the  doctrines  und 
ordinances  liold  by  the  Baptist  denoniination,  he 
was  baptized  by  the  Kev.  Lehind  Howard,  May  5, 
1822,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Wind- 
sor. Witliin  a  few  years  lie  was  elected  a  deacon  of 
that  church,  and  after  the  death  of  Abner  Forbes, 
in  182S,  he  becunie  the  senior  deacon,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  May 
1,  1850.  lie  held  the  honorable  office  of  vice- 
president  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  from  1834  to  1843.  He  was  a  very  decided 
Christian,  and  ever  e.xerted  a  strong  religious 
influence,  not  only  on  his  own  family,  but  with 
the  public  at  large. 

The  Itcv.  Dr.  S.  S.  Cutting,  who  know  him  well, 
writes  as  follows:  "The  Hon.  John  II.  Cotton 
brought  with  him  to  Wind-sor  a  very  high  reputa- 
tion for  intelligence  and  moral  worth,  and  this 
reputation  he  maintained  for  the  long  period  of  his 
later  life.  From  the  time  he  came  into  the  Baptist 
church  in  1822,  a  high  position  was  accorded  to 
him  by  a  spontaneous  recognition  of  his  fitness  to 
sustain  it.  In  him,  and  in  his  compeer.  Gen. 
Forbes,  the  church  had  deacons  who  seemed  born 
to  the  office,  so  complete  were  their  qualifications 
for  its  dignities  and  its  duties.  They  were  never 
absent  from  their  places  on  the  Sabbath,  and  meet- 
ings for  conference  and  prayer  without  them  would 
liave  seemed  unnatural  and  unsatisfactory.  In 
such  meetings  Judge  Cotton  uniformly  took  part, 
always  listened  to  with  attention  in  talking  of  the 
Scriptures,  or  of  the  experience  of  Christian  life. 
He  was  recognized  as  a  leading  citizen  of  the  town, 
at  a  time  when  it  was  distinguished  by  the  number 
of  its  men  of  ability  and  standing.  His  honor 
was  unsullied.  He  was  a  man  of  dignified  bear- 
ing, whose  presence  rebuked  trifling,  and,  though 
never  austere,  his  manner  was  always  that  of  a 
man  whose  life  was  given  to  serious  purposes,  under 
a  high  responsibility.  He  lived  among  men  as  one 
who  fulfilled  his  daily  duties  by  serving  well  his 
God  and  his  generation." 

Coulston,  Rev.  Thomas  P.,  was  bom  in  Phila- 
delphia, Nov.  30,  18;i3;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Ben- 
jamin Griffith,  D.D.,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  New 
Market  Street  (Fourth)  church,  Philadelphia,  in 
1853  I  graduated  with  first  honors  from  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg  in  1859,  and  subsequently 
pursued  theological  studies  at  Lewisburg  and  Ham- 
ilton, N.  Y.  ;  was  ordained  by  the  Fourth  church, 
Philadelphia,  in  1862,  and  settled  with  the  Frank- 
ford  church,  Philadelphia,  where  he  has  continued 
in  faithful  service  to  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Coulston  is  a  man  of  quiet  and  unassuming 
manners,  of  fervent  piety,  and  possessed  of  an  in- 
nate fondness  for  metaphysical  research.  His  ser- 
mons and  writings  are  masterly  and  striking  speci- 


mens of  intellectual  vigor  and  devout  loyalty  to  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus. 

Council,  An  Ecclesiastical, — 'I'his  body  claims 
no  authority  over  anj-  church,  or  an  individual 
member  of  any  church.  It  is  in  every  case  ad- 
visoiij,  and  only  advisory.  It  is  commonly  com- 
posed of  the  pastor  and  two  laymen  from  a  certain 
number  of  churches.  In  largo  cities  it  is  not 
unusual  to  invite  all  the  churches  to  send  dele- 
gates to  a  council,  even  though  there  nmy  be  fifty 
churches  represented.  But  in  such  great  centres 
of  Baptist  strength  frequently  not  more  than  ten 
or  twelve  churches  are  called  to  a  council.  There 
is  no  law  fixing  the  numlicr  of  churches  necessary 
to  form  such  advisory  Ijodies.  We  have  occupied 
a  seat  in  a  council  in  which  only  three  churches 
had  messengers.  It  was  a  perfectly  orderly  body, 
but  its  decisions  could  not  command  the  respect 
which  would  have  been  freely  accorded  if  its  mem- 
bership had  been  ten  times  larger.  A  council  is 
commonly  called  by  a  church,  but  it  may  be  sum- 
moned by  individuals,  or  by  one  person.  Attend- 
ance is,  of  course,  voluntary. 

When  there  is  a  difficulty  among  the  members 
of  a  church,  a  mutual  council  is  generally  invited 
to  give  its  advice.  Such  a  body  is  composed  of 
brethren,  an  equal  number  of  whom  is  selected  by 
each  party  to  the  controversy.  And  this  wise 
course  is  often  followed  after  the  minority  has 
been  excluded,  under  the  conviction  that  a  just 
cause  loses  nothing  by  a  careful  examination  from 
a  fair  jury. 

An  ex-parfe  council,  chosen  by  one  portion  of 
the  disputants,  as  the  name  intimates,  ought  never 
to  be  called  unless  it  is  impossible  to  secure  a  mu- 
tual body.  Such  a  meeting  of  brethren  must  form 
a  judgiaent  under  many  disadvantages  ;  and  yet, 
when  wisely  selected,  ex-parte  councils  are  useful. 

A  council  may  be  summoned  from  a  distance,  or 
from  the  neighborhood  where  its  advice  is  desired. 
In  a  bitter  strife  it  is  occasionally  wise  to  secure 
the  opinions  of  brethren  who  have  no  local  preju- 
dices to  fetter  their  judgments. 

The  action  of  a  council  is  necessary  in  the  or- 
dination of  a  minister  among  American  Baptists. 
A  church  calls  it  for  this  purpose  and  delegates 
to  it  this  service.  AVhere  a  church  is  formed,  a 
council  is  always  called  to  recognize  it.  Councils 
are  often  convened  to  give  advice  about  church  and 
individual  troubles.  English  Baptists  have  no 
councils. 

Courtney,  Rev.  Ezra,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1771. 
Living  in  Misssissippi,  he  proaclied  as  early  as 
1804  in  Eastern  Louisiana,  then  West  Florida,  and 
under  Spanish  rule;  he  settled  in  East  Feliciana 
Parish  in  1814.  He  was  an  efficient  and  popular 
preacher,  often   elected   moderator  of  the   Missis- 


COURTNEY 


283 


COVENANT 


sippi  Association  and  other  bodies  of  which  he  was 
a  iiiember ;  and  he  continued  his  labors  until  dis- 
abled by  a^e.     lie  died  in  1855. 

Courtney,  Rev.  Franklin,  M.D.,  was  born  in 
Vir"iuia  in  1812.     After  rrceiviii,;;  a  classical  edu- 


REV.   FRANKLIN    COURTNEY,    M.D. 

cation  he  began  the  study  of  medicine,  and  was 
graduated  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1833.  Shortly  afterwards  he  settled  in  Alabama  to 
pursue  his  profession.  lie  began  to  preach  in  1845, 
about  which  time  he  went  to  Arkansas,  and  became 
pastor  at  Eldorado.  In  1853  he  removed  ti)  Mount 
Lebanon,  La.,  enga;;ed  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
there,  and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church. 
He  has  often  been  elected  moderator  of  Red  River 
Association,  and  vice-president  of  the  State  Con- 
vention ;  filled  the  chair  of  Theology  for  a  time  in 
Mount  Lebanon  University  ;  was  long  the  editor  of 
the  Louisiana  Baptist,  and  editorial  contributor  to 
the  Memjihis  Baptist ;  a.  forcible  speaker,  a  pungent 
writer,  an  active  Sunday-school  worker  and  pro- 
moter of  missions. 

Covenant,  A  Church. — All  our  older  churches 
have  "covenants,"  and  most  of  those  of  later  origin 
have  followed  the  e-tample  of  their  fathers,  though 
some  have  neither  Articles  of  Faith  nor  church 
covenants.  The  covenant  is  a  solemn  obligation 
taken  by  each  member  of  a  church  to  perform 
certain  religious  duties,  as  the  following  will  show  : 

CnilRCH    C0VEN.\NT. 

First.  We  believe  that  the  Holy  Scriptures  were 
given  by  inspiraticm  of  God,  and  that  they  are  the 
only  certain  rule  of  faith  and  practice. 


Second.  Whereas  various  interpretations  of  the 
Sacred  Word  have  been  given  by  different  denomi- 
nations of  professed  Christians,  we  hereby  declare 
that  the  foregoing  Articles  of  Faith  (the  covenant 
follows  the  articles)  express  our  views  of  the  mean- 
ing of  the  Word  of  (tod,  which  Holy  Word  we 
promise  to  search  diligently  and  to  make  the  man 
of  our  counsel. 

Third.  We  agree  to  contribute  towards  the  sup- 
port of  the  worship  of  God  in  our  own  church,  and 
to  spread  the  knowledge  of  Jesus  in  our  own 
country  and  throughout  the  world  according  to  our 
ability. 

Fourth.  AVe  hereby  covenant  and  agree  to  walk 
in  love  and  to  live  in  peace,  to  sympathize  with 
each  other  under  all  conditions  and  circumstances 
in  life,  to  pray  with  and  for  one  another,  and  to 
exhort  and  stir  up  each  other  unto  every  good  word 
and  work. 

Fifth.  We  solemnly  promise,  by  the  assistance 
of  the  Holy  .Spirit,  to  watch  over  each  other  with 
all  kindness  and  Christian  affection  ;  not  suffering 
sin  to  rest  upon  a  brother,  but  as  far  as  God  in  his 
providence  shall  make  it  known  to  us,  we  will,  in 
all  cases  of  offense,  take  our  Lord's  direction  in  the 
18th  chapter  of  Matthew,  which  says,  '•  Moreover, 
if  thy  brother  shall  trespass  against  thee,  go  and 
tell  him  his  fault  between  thee  and  him  alone  ;  if 
he  shall  hear  thee,  thou  hast  gained  thy  brother. 
But  if  he  will  not  hear  thee,  then  take  with  thee 
one  or  two  more,  that  in  the  mouth  of  two  or  three 
witnesses  every  word  may  be  established.  And  if 
he  shall  neglect  to  hear  them,  tell  it  unto  the 
church  :  hut  if  he  neglect  to  hear  the  church,  let 
him  be  unto  thee  as  an  heathen  man  and  a  piil> 
lican."  And  we  will  urge  our  utmost  endeavors  to 
maintain  a  scriptural  discipline  in  the  church. 

Sixth.  Moreover,  we  covenant  to  meet  on  the  first 
day  of  the  week  for  public  worship,  and  to  fill  up 
our  places  at  all  the  appointed  meetings  of  the 
church,  as  God  shall  give  us  health  and  opportunity. 
All  and  each  of  these  duties  we  freely  and  most 
solemnly  promise  (by  the  assistance  of  the  great 
Head  of  the  church)  to  observe,  until  we  are 
planted  in  the  glorious  church  above. — Amen. 

Covenant  Meetings. — Before  the  monthly  cel- 
ebration of  the  Lord's  Supper,  in  many  parts  of 
our  country,  a  meeting  is  held  for  the  members  of 
the  church,  wliere  they  relate  briefiy  their  religious 
experience  and  renew  their  covenant  with  God  and 
with  each  other.  After  the  devotional  exercises  at 
the  commencement  of  the  service  are  over,  the  pas- 
tor relates  such  of  God's  dealings  with  his  soul  as 
in  his  judgment  it  is  proper  to  communicate,  then 
others  follow,  commonly  iti  the  order  in  which  they 
are  seated,  beginning  at  the  right  or  left  of  the 
pastor,  and  continuing  until  the  end  of  the  opposite 
side  is  reached.    In  these  meetings  the  sisters  speak 


COVEY 


284 


CRAIG 


as  well  as  the  brethren.  Xo  one  is  obliged  to  utter 
a  word.  In  some  sections  of  our  country  covenant 
niceting.s  are  unknown.  Where  they  are  held  they 
are  regarded  as  eminently  profitable.  They  are 
fienerally  observed  on  the  Saturday  before  the 
Liird's  Slipper  is  celel)rated. 

Covey,  J.  N.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  11,  1.S2I  ;  educated  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity. N.  Y.,  receiving  liis  A.B.,  A.M.,  and  D.D. 
from  his  tilma  mater ;  oi'dained  at  Lebanon,  Tenn., 
1847, 11.  B.  C.  Howell  preaching  the  ordination  ser- 
mon ;  raised  the  funds  for  the  building  of  the  female 
college  at  Brownsville,  Tenn. ;  president  of  Camp- 
bell Academy,  Lexington,  Tenn.,  and  Masonic  Col- 
lege, Palestine,  Texas ;  founded  Concrete  College, 
De  Witt  Co.,  Texas  ;  has  been  its  president,  and 
pastor  of  the  church,  at  its  location,  for  fourteen 
years. 

Cox,  Francis  Augustus,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was 
born  at  Leighton  Buzzard,  Bedfordshire,  England, 
in  1793.  He  was  an  only  son,  and  inherited  a  con- 
siderable property.  His  family  had  for  a  long 
time  been  connected  with  the  Baptist  church  of  his 
native  town,  and  he  therefoi'e  grew  up  under  favor- 
able religious  influences,  which  led  him  in  early 
life  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry.  When 
about  eighteen  years  old  he  was  admitted  to  Bris- 
tol College,  then  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Ky- 
land.  On  the  completion  of  his  studies  he  went  to 
Edinburgh  University,  and  at  the  expiration  of  the 
regular  course  took  his  degi-ee.  On  the  4th  of 
April,  1804,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Clipstone,  Nortbain]itiinshire,  a  service  in  which 
Andrew  Fuller,  Joseph  Sutcliffe,  and  Robert  Hall 
participated.  Ilis  ministry  was  very  successful  for 
several  years.  On  the  failure  of  Mr.  Hall's  health, 
he  was  invited  to  supply  the  pulpit  of  the  church 
at  Cambridge,  and  arranged  to  do  so  for  twelve 
months.  No  permanent  engagement  resulted,  and 
Mr.  Cox  returned  to  Clipstone.  Soon  afterwards 
be  resigned  bis  charge,  and  at  length  accepted  an 
invitation  to  settle  at  Hackney,  London,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1811.  The  congregation  being  large,  a  new 
meeting-house  was  erected  in  Mare  Street,  and 
opened  in  the  following  year.  With  this  charge 
he  continued  the  remainder  of  Iiis  life,  a  period 
of  nearly  forty-two  years.  During  the  last  six 
years  of  his  ministry  the  Rev.  Daniel  Katterns, 
the  present  pastor,  was  happily  associated  with 
bim  as  co-pastor.  Throughout  the  greater  part 
of  this  long  career  he  took  a  leading  place  among 
the  English  Baptists,  especially  identifying  him- 
self with  public  movements  and  jihilantbropic  en- 
terprises, general  and  ilenominational.  He  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  foreign  mission  ;  promoted 
the  formation  of  the  Baptist  Irish  Society ;  for 
three  years  he  was  the  secretary  to  the  General 
Body  of  Dissenting  Ministers  of  the  three  denomi- 


nations in  London  :  and  he  assisted  at  the  formation 
of  the  Anti-State-Chureh  Association,  now  known 
as  the  Liberation  Society.  His  literary  labors  were 
considerable.  He  aiiled  in  the  starting  and  direc- 
tion of  the  Baptixt  Muijazine  ;  was  one  of  the  foun- 
ders of  University  College,  London,  and  its  librarian 
for  some  time.  A  variety  of  works,  inchnling  tlie 
well-known  "  History  of  the  Baptist  ;\Iissionary 
Society,"  "  Female  Scripture  Biography,''  and  the 
"  Life  and  Times  of  Mslancthon,"  proceeded  from 
his  ever-ready  pen.  In  1824  he  took  part  in  a  con- 
troversy concerning  Scripture  baptism  with  Drs. 
Dwight,  Ewing,  and  Wardlaw,  and  ably  maintained 
his  deiiominatiiinal  principles.  At  the  re(iuost  of 
the  Baptist  Union  he  visited  this  country  with  Dr. 
Iloby,  as  a  deputation  from  the  English  Baptists, 
in  1835,  and  wrote  sub.sequently  a  narrative  of  the 
visit.  He  received  degrees  from  Waterville  and 
from  Glasgow  University,  and  was  held  in  high  es- 
teem by  a  very  large  circle  of  his  contomporarics, 
as  w-ell  without  as  within  his  own  denomiimtion. 
He  died  Sept.  5,  18.53,  aged  seventy  years.  His 
genial  manners,  gr.aceful  courtesy,  and  practical 
wisdom  gave  him  a  wide  influence,  which  was  ever 
consecrated  to  the  service  of  his  brethren  and  the 
promotion  of  the  gospel  in  the  world. 

Coxe,  Benjamin,  M.A.,  was  educated  at  cither 
Oxford  or  Cambridge.  After  he  graduated  he  re- 
ceived episcopal  ordination,  and  for  a  considerable 
period  he  was  a  follower  of  the  Romish  Arrainian- 
ism  of  Archbishop  Laud.  By  the  grace  of  God  his 
heart  was  cbangeil  and  his  mind  enlightened,  and 
be  became  a  strong  Baptist.  He  was  tlie  son  of  an 
English  lord  bishop  ;  and  lie  was  a  man  of  profound 
learning.  His  influence  in  favor  of  Baptists  was 
very  great  all  over  his  country.  He  came  to  Co- 
ventr_v  once  to  encourage  the  Baptist  Cliurch ; 
Richard  Baxter  was  then  chaplain  of  the  garrison 
of  that  town,  and  a  "  dispute  first  by  word  of  mouth, 
then  by  writing,  about  infant  baptism,"  took  place 
between  them.  Mr.  Baxter  evidently  had  not  the 
best  part  in  the  controversy ;  for  when  the  cham- 
pion of  the  Baptists  came  again  to  Coventry  lie  was 
arrested,  and  Mr.  Baxter  was  charged  with  using 
this  conclusive  argument  to  quiet  Mr.  Coxe.  The 
Kidderminster  bishop,  while  denying  the  charge, 
felt  the  accusation  so  keenly  that  he  took  steps  to 
secure  his  release.  He  was  an  old  man  in  1644, 
but  the  time  of  his  death  is  unknown. 

Craig,  Rev.  Elijah,  an  eminent  pioneer  preacher 
of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  brother  of  the 
famous  Lewis  Craig,  was  born  in  Orange  Co.,  Va., 
about  the  year  1743.  He  was  awakened  to  a 
knowledge  of  his  lost  estate  under  the  preaching 
of  the  renowned  David  Thomas,  in  1764.  Next 
year  he  was  encouraged  by  Samuel  Harris  to  hold 
meetings  among  his  neighbors.  This  he  did,  using 
his  tobacco-barn  for  a  meeting-house.     Many  were 


CRAIG 


285 


CRAIG 


converted.  In  1766.  Mr.  Craig  went  to  Xorth 
Carolina,  to  get  .James  Read  to  come  and  baptize 
him  and  others.  He  was  ordained  in  May,  1771, 
at  which  time  he  became  pastor  of  Blue  Run 
church.  Some  time  after  this  he  was  imprisoned  for 
preaching  the  gospel.  In  jail  he  lived  on  r3'e  bread 
and  water,  and  preaclied  to  the  people  through  the 
prison  liars.  lie  remained  in  Culpepper  jail  one 
montli.  After  this  "  he  was  honored  witli  a  term  in 
Orangejail."  Ilebecameoneof  the  most  useful  and 
popular  preachers  in  Virginia.  He  was  several  times 
sent  as  a  delegate  from  the  General  Association  to 
the  Virginia  Legislature,  to  aid  in  securing  re- 
ligious liberty.  In  1786  be  removed  to  Scott  Co., 
Ky.  After  this  he  labored  but  little  in  the  min- 
istry. Being  a  good  business  man,  he  soon  amassed 
a  fortune,  and  was  of  great  value  to  the  new 
country.  He  established  the  first  school  in  which 
tiie  classics  were  taught,  built  the  first  rope-walk, 
the  first  fulling-mill,  and  the  first  paper-mill  that 
existed  in  Kentucky.     He  died  in  l.SI)8. 

Craig,  Hugh  K.,  D.D.,  was  bom  Jan.  30, 
1  J<3l),  near  Claysville,  Washington  Co.,  Pa.  In  July, 
1851,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Pleas- 
ant Grrive  church.  He  was  ordained  in  October, 
1854.  For  sume  time  he  devoted  himself  chiefly 
to  mission  work  until  1858,  when  he  became  p.istor 
of  tlie  Beulah  Baptist  church,  Greene  Co.,  Pa.  In 
1S68  he  took  pastoral  charge  of  AVaynesburgh  and 
Betlilehem  churches,  Greene  County.  During  this 
pastorate  he  was  elected  to  the  professorship  of 
Greek  and  Hebrew  in  Waynesburgh  College.  In 
1S75  he  was  appointed  president  of  tlie  Mononga- 
hela  College,  Jefferson,  Pa.  ;  and  at  the  same  time 
he  was  chosen  pastor  of  the  Jefferson  Baptist 
church.  In  June,  1880,  the  university  at  Lewi.s- 
burg  conferred  its  doctorate  of  divinity  upon  him. 
The  president  of  Monongahela  College  is  a  brother 
of  scholarly  attainments,  a  fine  educator,  a  success- 
ful pastor,  and  a  man  of  extensive  influence  for  the 
truth. 

Craig,  Rev.  John  T.,  w.as  born  in  Alabama  in 
1N16  ;  studied  medicine  in  1836  and  1837,  and  set- 
tled in  Dallas  Co.,  Ark.,  183S.  He  began  to  preach 
in  1846,  and  labored  efficiently  in.  Dallas  and  the 
surrounding  counties,  building  up  several  strong 
churches.  After  the  war  he  settled  at  his  present 
place  of  residence,  New  Edinburgh,  Ark.,  where  he 
gathered  a  church. 

Craig,  Rev.  Lewis,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
Baptist  preacher  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  Orange  Co.,  Va.,  about  the  year  1737.  He 
was  first  awakened  by  the  preacliing  of  .Samuel 
Harris,  about  the  year  1765.  A  great  pressure  of 
guilt  induced  him  to  follow  the  preacher  from  one 
meeting  to  another,  and  after  the  sermon  he  would 
rise  in  tears  and  assert  that  he  was  a  justly  con- 
demned sinner,  and  unless  he  was  born  again  he 


could  n(Jt  be  saved.  His  ministry  thus  began  be- 
fore he  had  hope  of  conversion,  and  after  conver- 
siim  he  continued  preaching  a  considerable  time 
before  being  baptized  ;  many  were  led  to  Christ 
under  his  labors.  Soon  after  his  conversion  and 
before  his  baptism  (there  Vieing  no  ordained  min- 
ister near  to  baptize  him)  he  was  indicted  "for 
preaching  the  gospel  contrary*  to  law."  The  cele- 
lirated  John  Waller  was  one  of  the  jurors  in  the 
case.  The  pious  and  prudent  deportment  of  Mr. 
Craig  during  the  trial  was  blessed  to  the  conviction 
and  conversion  of  Mr.  Waller.  The  exact  period 
of  Mr.  Craig's  baptism  is  not  known.  He  con- 
tinued preaching  with  great  zeal  until  the  4tli  of 
•June,  1768,  when  being  engaged  in  public  wor- 
ship, he  and  John  AValler  and  James  Childs  were 
seized  by  the  sheriff  and  brought  before  three 
magistrates  in  the  meeting-bouse  yard,  who  iield 
them  to  bail  in  the  sum  of  £1000  to  appear  before 
the  court  next  day.  They  were  rccpiirod  by  tlie 
court  to  give  security  not  to  preach  in  the  county 
within  twelve  months.  This  they  refused  to  do, 
and  were  committed  to  jail.  As  they  passed  through 
the  streets  of  Fredericksburg,  from  the  court-house 
to  the  jail,  they  sang  the  hymn  beginning, 

*^  Broad  is  the  ruad  that  leads  to  death." 

During  his  confinement  Mr.  Craig  preached 
through  the  prison  bars  to  large  crowds.  He  re- 
mained in  jail  a  month  and  was  then  released. 
He  immediately  hastened  to  Williamsburg,  and 
.soon  secured  the  liberation  of  his  companions. 
Their  imprisonment  seemed  only  to  infiame  their 
zeal,  and  they  went  everywhere  preaching  the 
Word.  Mr.  Craig  was  oi'dained  and  became  pastor 
of  Upper  Spottsylvania  church  in  November,  1770. 
But  this  did  not  prevent  his  preaching  in  the  sur- 
rounding counties.  In  1771  he  was  again  arrested 
and  imprisoned  for  three  months  in  Caroline  County. 
He  continued  preaching  with  great  zeal  and  suc- 
cess until  1781,  when  he  and  a  majority  of  his 
church  moved  to  Kentucky.  lie  located  on  Gil- 
bert Creek,  in  what  is  now  Garrard  County,  early 
in  December.  The  next  year  he  gathered  Forks 
of  Dix  River  church  in  the  same  county.  In  1783 
he  and  most  of  Gilbert's  Creek  church  nioveil  to  the 
north  side  of  Kentucky  River  and  organized  South 
Elkhorn  church,  in  Fayette  County.  Here  he  re- 
m.ained  about  nine  years,  laboring  zealously  in  all 
the  surrounding  country.  A  number  of  churches 
were  founded,  and  Elkhorn  Association  was  formed 
Oct.  1,  1785.  Aliout  1702  he  moved  to  Bracken 
Co.,  Kv.  Here  he  formed  several  churches,  and 
"  became  in  a  manner  the  father  of  Bracken  Asso- 
ciation.'' About  the  year  1828  "  he  died  suddenly, 
of  which  he  was  forewarned,  saying,  '  I  am  going  to 
such  a  house  to  die."  and  with  solemn  joy  went  on 
to  the  place,  and  with  little  pain  left  the  world.'' 


OR  AMR 


286 


CRANE 


Cramb,  Rev.  A.  B.,  was  born  in  AVeare,  X.  II., 
Jan.  2,  1827.  At  the  ajre  of  thirteen  the  family 
removed  to  Illinois,  settlinti  in  Woodford  County, 
near  Metamora.  At  sixteen  he  experienced  re- 
ligion, and  the  year  following  entered  Shurtleff 
Colleije.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1848,  and 
entered  upon  service  at  once.  Oct.  13,  1849,  he 
was  ordained  at  Richland.  His  principal  pastorates 
were  Metamora,  111.,  and  St.  Cloud,  Minn.  His 
health,  however,  began  to  fail  early  in  his  minis- 
try, and  all  efforts  to  re-establish  it  being  in  vain, 
he  died  at  Metamora,  Feb.  19,  1857,  at  the  age  of 
thirty.  He  was  a  young  man  of  uncommon 
promise.  Ilis  contributions  to  the  denoTninational 
press  were  highly  valued,  while  as  a  preacher  he 
bad  excited  expectations  of  high  usefulness.  His 
death  thus  early  in  his  career  was  an  occasion  of 
widely-felt  sorrow. 

Cramp,  John  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  England, 
July  2.j,  1790;  baptized  by  his  father  Sept.  13, 


JOHN    M.  CR.A.Vr,  o.u. 

1812;  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  Dean 
Street,  London,  May  7,  1818;  was  from  ]S27  to 
1840  associated  with  his  father  in  the  care  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  St.  Peter's,  Isle  of  Th.anet:  be- 
came in  1840  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churcli  of  Has- 
tings, Sussex ;  took  charge  in  1844  of  the  Baptist 
college,  Montreal,  Canada;  became  president  of 
Acadia  College,  Nova  Scotia,  in  18.51,  and  retired 
in  1809  from  that  position.  Dr.  Cramp  has  pub- 
lished "  A  Text-Book  of  Popery:"  also  a  Baptist 
history  and  "  Paul  and  Christ."  Dr.  Cramp's  the- 
ology is  sound,  his  labors  have  been  abundant,  and 
his  influence  and  usefulness  have  been  very  great 


in  the  maritime  provinces.  He  is  also  widely  and 
favorably  known  in  the  I'nited  States,  in  which  his 
works  have  been  extensively  circulated. 

Crandall,  Rev.  David,  the  son  of  Rev.  Joseph 
Crandall,  was  born  in  1798  in  New  Brunswick, 
Canada,  where  he  was  converted  and  liaptized.  He 
was  ordained  January,  1831  ;  shared  largely  in  the 
missionary  spirit  of  his  venerable  father,  and, 
though  a  pastor,  did  much  work  as  an  evangelist 
in  bis  native  province  ;  his  labors  have  resulted  in 
much  spiritual  good.  He  resides  at  SpringBeld, 
New  Brunswick. 

Crandall,  Rev.  Joseph,  one  of  the  founders 

and  fathers  of  tlie  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
maritime  provinces  of  Canada,  w.as  born  in  Nova 
Scotia,  and  converted  under  a  sermon  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Dimock  at  Harris  Harding's  ordination, 
Sept.  Ifi,  1794,  at  Onslow,  Nova  Scotia;  Oct.  8, 
1799,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
just  formed  at  Sackville,  New  Brunswick.  His 
evangelistic  labors  at  Sackville,  Salisbury,  and 
other  portionsof  Westmoreland,  Albert,  and  King's 
Counties,  up  the  river  St.  Jcjhn,  and  in  the  northern 
counties  of  New  Brunswick,  were  abundant,  and 
attended  with  the  blessing  of  God.  In  1825  he 
evangelized  in  Prince  Edward's  I.sland.  Mr.  Cran- 
dall was  deep  in  Christian  experience,  a  sound 
theologian,  an  eloquent  and  a  useful  preacher  of 
the  gospel.  His  ministry  exerted  a  powerful  in- 
fluence in  building  up  the  Baptist  denomination, 
especially  in  New  Brunswick.  He  died  Feb.  20, 
IS.'iS,  aged  eighty-six  years. 

Crandall,  Rev.  Peter,  brotlier  of  Rev.  .loseph 
Crandall.  entered  the  ministry  in  l.SOO :  liecaine 
pastor  of  Digby  Neck  cluirch,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1809  ; 
visited  Briar  Island  in  1819,  preaching  there  with 
great  success  and  baptizing.  Preached  for  nearly 
thirty  yeai'S  on  Digby  Neck,  Briar  Island,  and 
Long  Island.  He  was  earnest  in  the  ministry  of 
the  gospel  .and  mighty  in  prayer.  Died  April  2, 
1S3S,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

Crane,  Cephas  B.,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  W.  J. 
Crane,  was  born  in  Marion,  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  28,  1833.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Rochester  in  the  class  of  1858,  and  at  the  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  in  1860.  In  October,  1800, 
he  was  ordained  pivstor  of  the  South  Baptist  ehurcli, 
Hartford.  Conn.,  and  rem.ained  tliere  nearly  eigh- 
teen years.  In  April,  1878,  he  .accepted  a  call  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston, 
where  he  is  now  laboring.  Rochester  University 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity in  ISOS. 

Crane,  James  C,  was  born  in  Nc-wark,  N.  •!.. 
Sept.  7,  1803.  He  was  the  youngest  brother  of 
William  Crane,  and  from  his  boyhood  to  his  death 
was  associated  with  him  in  business,  and  one  with 
him  in  all  the  great  and  noble  enterprises  which 


CRANE 


287 


CRANE 


occupied  the  Imnd  and  heart  of  the  older  brother. 
His  early  education  was  limited,  and  yet,  like  his 
brotlier,  he  became  a  man  of  very  varied  and  ac- 
curate information.     lie  was  a  leader  in  every  re- 


rr.lMIAS    B.  CRANE,   D.D. 

lifcious  and  philanthropic  enterprise.    As  a  business 
man  neither  Richmond  nor  Baltimore  ever  saw  his 


.lAMES    C-.    (KAM.. 


superior  in  necuracy.  dispatch,  or  integrity,  lie 
was  an  excellent  vocalist,  and  had  natural  gifts  as 
a  speaker,     lie  lilled  successfully,  and  for  a  lonj; 


series  of  years,  the  offices  either  of  clerk,  secretary, 
treasurer,  or  moderator  of  the  Dover  Association 
and  the  General  Association  of  Virginia.  lie  was 
a  model  Sunday-.school  superintendent.  He  was  a 
Christian  merchant  and  made  money  to  do  good 
with  it.  His  pastors,  D.  Roper,  J.  B.  Taylor,  J.  B. 
Jeter,  B.  Manly,  Jr..  and  J.  L.  Burrows  regarded 
him  as  no  ordinary  deacon,  and  when  he  died  Dr. 
Burrows  took  for  the  text  of  his  funeral  discourse, 
"  And  he  will  be  missed,  for  his  seat  will  be  empty." 
One  son  survives  him.  He  died  March  31.  1856, 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  where  he  had  lived  about  forty 
years.  A  l)ricf  and  interesting  memoir  of  him  was 
prepared  and  pulilished  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Burrows. 

Crane,  Rev.  Origen,  was  twrn  in  Mansfield, 
Conn.,  July  26,  1804.  lie  connected  himself  with 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1S26.  Immediately  on  graduation 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Newton,  located  at  Newton  Upper  Falls.  He  was 
the  pastor  of  this  church  three  years,  and  in  1S39 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  in  Weston,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  thirteen  years.  For  two  or 
three  years  he  was  the  agent  of  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.  The  last  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  trying  to  help  the  feeble  churches  by 
such  labors  as  liis  health  allowed  him  to  perform. 
He  dic<l  April  20,  1800,  at  New  England  Village, 
JIass. 

Crane,  William,  was  bom  in  Newark,  N.  J..  May 
6,  IT'.IO.  His  !;reat-greatgrandfather,  Jasper  Crane, 
was  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Newark,  and 
its  first  magistrate.  His  great-grandfather,  Aza- 
riah  Crane,  married  Mary  Treat,  daughter  of 
Gov.  Robert  Treat,  who  withstood  Sir  Edmund 
Andross  in  his  demand  for  th.it  charter  of  the 
colony  which  was  bidden  in  '■  the  Charter  Oak." 
His  father,  Rufus  Crane,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war.  His  mother  was  Charity  Campbell, 
a  descendant  of  Benjamin  Baldwin,  who,  with 
Jasper  Crane,  was  also  one  of  the  original  settlers 
of  Newark.  His  father  lost  his  property  by  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  he  was  compelled  at  eleven 
years  of  age  to  leave  the  paternal  roof  and  rely  on 
himself,  and  thereafter  was  never  dependent  on 
anv  human  lieing  for  assistance  in  the  affairs  of 
life.  lie  learned  a  trade  and  pursued  it  till  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  In  1811  he  migrated  to  Rich- 
mond, Va..  and  was  an  eye-witness  of  the  burning 
of  the  Richmond  theatre,  which  destroyed  the  gov- 
ernor of  Viviiinia  and  many  others.  He  married 
Miss  Lydia  Dorset,  July  9,  1812,  and  aft.-r  her  de- 
cease, Sept.  2().  18?,0,  married  Miss  Jean  N.  Daniel, 
July  30,  1831.  With  varying  success  and  severe 
reverses  he  prosecuted  his  mercantile  business  in 
Richmond  till  November,  1834,  never  failing  to 
meet  every  financial  obligation.  From  1834  to 
18(il'i  be  carried  on  his  business  in  Baltimore,  Md., 


CRANE 


288 


CRANE 


associated  witli  his  brother,  James  C.  Crane,  for  a 
large  portion  of  tlie  time  in  both  cities,  and  witli 
his  sons  Andrew  Fuller,  Jolin  Daniel,  and  James 
Conway  the  latter  part  of  his  life.     lie  was  in  all 


WILLIAM   CRANE. 

respects  a  Cliristian  merchant,  doing  business  for 
the  honor  of  God  and  with  an  eye  to  his  glory. 
He  was  converted  under  the  preaching  of  Daniel 
Sharp  and  Edmund  Dorr  Griffin  in  \ewarli,  N.  J. 
For  a  wliile  he  was  a  member  of  Dr.  Archibald 
Maclays  church  in  New  York  City.  But  his  life's 
■work  was  in  Richmond  and  Baltimore.  lie  was 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church,  Richmond,  Va.,  and  for  many  years  its 
leading  supporter.  lie  was  the  founder  of  the 
Richmond  African  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  from 
which  Lett  Gary  was  induced  to  go  to  Liberia. 
lie  taught,  with  David  Roper,  the  first  African 
school  ever  started  in  Richmond.  lie  conceived 
the  design,  initiated  the  plan,  accepted  the  first 
draft  of  S6TT  for  outfit  of  the  ReUrjious  Herald, 
and  for  three  years  advanced  the  sums  needed  to 
secure  it  the  patronage  necessary  to  give  the  paper 
a  living  support.  These  sums  afterwards  were 
refunded  by  William  Sands  to  his  firm  when  suc- 
cess attended  the  enterprise.  He  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  Richmond  College  (then  Virginia 
Baptist  Seminary),  and  with  Archibald  Thomas 
purchased  Spring  F.arm.  each  giving  SlOOO,  and 
taking  subscriptions  from  others,  in  the  name  of 
Virginia  Baptist  Education  Society,  for  the  bal- 
ance, lie  originated  the  idea  of  organizing  Calvert 
Street  church,  Baltimore,  purchased  the  house,  and 
saw  a  flourishing  and  prosperous  church  grow  from 


ten  members  (six  of  whom  were  of  his  own  family), 
and  then   divided,  a  part  to  l)ecome  High  Street 
church,  and  another  part,  with  himself  and  family, 
to  amalgaTuate  with  the  Seventh  cliurch,  under  the 
pastorsliip  of  Richard  Fuller,  under  wliose  ministry 
ho  lived  for  the  last  twenty-one  years  of  liis  life. 
He  labored  zealously  to  establish  Sar.atoga  Street 
African  Baptist  church,  and  tlirough   all   his  life 
employed    tongue,  pen.  and    purse  to  benefit   the 
African  race.     In  missions  and  general  benevolence 
he  was  worthy  of  being  the  associate  of  William 
Colgate,  of  New  York,  Friend  Humphrey,  of  Al- 
bany, and  Ileman  Lincoln,  of  Boston.    He  enjoyed 
the  confidence  of,  and  was  co-laborer  in  all  good  en- 
terprises in  Virginia  with.  Kobrrt  B.  Semplc,  James 
B.  Taylor,  Robert  R^-land,  .Jeremiah  B.  Jeter,  and 
Abner  W.  Clopton,  and  in  all  Northern  organiza- 
tions was  the  trusted  counselor  and  co-worker  with 
Spencer  II.  Cone,   Francis    Wayland,    Nathaniel 
Kendrick,  and  Daniel  Sharp.     He  was  a  Sunday- 
school  teacher  for  nearly  lift}'  years,  and  annually 
read  the  Bible  through  for  the  same  time.     He  was 
a  trustee  of,  and  liberal  contributor  to.  Columbian 
College,  D.  C.     His  sagacity  in  matters  of  church 
and  state  was  so  rare  that  results  generally  hap- 
pened as  he  predicted.    He  died  in  Baltimore,  Sept. 
28,  ISfjf),  having  given  away  large  sums  of  money 
for  Christ's  cause,  having  led  many  to  Christ  Ijy 
his  conversation,  and  having  e.xerteil  all  his  powers 
for  God"s  glory.     Of  his  children  four  are  known 
to    the  religious,  literary,  or  political   world.     A 
notice  of  his  son,  William  Carey,  appears  on  an- 
other page.     His  second    son,   Adoniram  Judson 
Crane,  was  born  Nov.  2.  1S17;  educated  at  Rich- 
mond Ciillege,  Va. :  Mount  Pleasant  Classical  In- 
stitution,   Amherst,    Mass. ;    Columbian    College, 
D.  C. :  Madison  University,  N.  Y. ;  ami  graduated 
from   Union    College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. ;   was  a 
member  of  Second   church,   Richmond,   Va.,   for 
many  years ;  married  a  great-granddaughter  of  John 
Adams,   second   President  of  the    United    States; 
practised  law  at  the  Richmond  bar  twenty-eight 
years;  edited  political  and  literary  journals;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia   as   representative 
of    Richmond,    and    as    U.  S.    District    Attorney 
under  Abraham  Lincoln.     Ho   wrote   some   small 
poems  which  are  gems,  and   delivered  many  lec- 
tures, such  as  the  ''Toils  and  Rewards  of  Litera- 
ture," "  Mech.inism  of  Faces,"  and  others  worthy 
of  a  place  in  standard  English  literature.     As  a 
lawyer,  politician,  orator,    literary    man,   man  of 
iienius.  no  one  ranked  him  at  the  Richmond  bar, 
when  his  untimely  decease  occurred.  -Jan.  2.  18G7. 
Andrew  Fuller  Crane,  the  third  son,  born  Feb.  17, 
1820,  was  educated  in  the  Richmond   schools  and 
Oneida  Institute,  Whitesborough.  N.  Y.  ;  was  as- 
sociated with  his  father  in  Baltimore  in  business 
nearly  all  his  life  ;  distinguished  as  a  worker  in 


CRANE 


289 


CRANE 


all  noble  Cliristiun  enterpi'ises,  remarkable  ivs  a 
Sunday-sclioul  superintendent,  gifted  as  a  speaker 
and  as  a  vocalist  of  superior  musical  powers,  j;enial 
as  a  friend,  and  attractive  as  a  conversationalist; 
a  leader  in  tlie  city  and  State  organizations  of 
Maryland  for  cliarities,  rolbrni,  and  education ; 
often  an  officer  of  the  representative  bodies  of  Bap- 
tists in  Mai-yland,  and  the  Southern  liaptist  Con- 
vention. He  has  lieen  ever  a  warm  supporter  of 
Kichard  Fuller  and  William  T.  Brantly,  Jr. 

Crane,  Wm.  Carey,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  )wvn  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  March  17,  ISIO;  educated  in  the 


WM.  CAREY    CRANE,  D.D.,  I.L.D. 

best  schools  of  the  city  of  Richmond  ;  also  in  Rich- 
mond College,  Va.  ;  Mount  Pleasant  Classical  Insti- 
tution, Amherst,  Mass. ;  Columbian  College,  D.  C.  ; 
and  Madison  University,  N.  Y.  His  A.B.  and  A.M. 
are  from  Columbian  College,  D.  C.  ;  his  D.D.  from 
Howard  College,  Ala. ;  and  his  LL.D.  from  Baylor 
University,  Texas.  His  opportunities  have  enabled 
him  to  become  a  profound  scholar,  and  he  now 
ranks  among  the  most  useful,  laborious,  and  able 
Baptists  in  the  Southern  States.  His  early  life  was 
passed  in  Virginia.  He  was  converted  through  the 
agency  of  a  conversation  with  Robert  Ryland,  first 
president  of  Riclimond  College,  and  he  was  bap- 
tized by  James  B.  Taylor,  D.D.,  July  27,  1832. 
He  is  the  oldest  son  of  William  Crane, — sketched 
in  another  article, — late  of  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  Second  cliurch,  Rich- 
mond, A^a.,  and  ordained  Sept.  23,  1838,  in  Balti- 
more, Md.,  by  request  of  Calvert  Street  church. 
Wlien  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  was  elected  a 
professor  in  the  Baptist  Seminary,  now  Richmond 


College,  Va.,  but  declined,  and  spent  from  Novem- 
ber, 1837,  to  February.  I83'.l,  teaching  and  preach- 
ing in  Georgia.  From  February,  1839,  to  Januarv, 
1851,  he  was  pastor  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Colum- 
bus, Vicksburg,  and  Yazoo  City,  Miss.  He  has 
been  called  to  the  presidency  of  five  colleges  for 
males,  and  si.K  for  females,  which  he  declined.  He 
has  lieen  president  of  Yazoo  (lassical  Hall,  Miss. : 
Jlississippi  Female  College,  Hernando.  Miss. ;  Sem- 
ple  Broaddus  College,  Centre  Hill,  Jliss. ;  Mount 
Lebanon  University,  La.  He  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  Baylor  University,  Lulependencc,  Te.xas, 
in  July,  1863,  and  has  held  that  position  ever  since, 
and  J.  AV.  D.  Creath  expresses  the  sentiments  of 
Te.xas  in  saying  that  no  one  in  or  out  of  Texas 
could  have  done  better  than  he  has  done  in  its  ad- 
ministration, under  all  the  surrounding  difficulties 
during  that  time.  He  has  sacrificed  S40,0<l()  of 
salary,  spent  over  .S.WOO  of  his  own  means,  and 
contributed  nearly  S2000  from  his  own  purse  for 
various  objects  connected  with  its  interests.  He 
has  been  either  a  contributor  to  or  editor  of  news 
journals,  periodicals,  magazines,  and  reviews  since 
his  seventeenth  year ;  has  preached  in  all  sorts 
of  places,  from  a  stump  in  the  forest  to  the  ele- 
gantly-furnished audience-room  in  New  York.  Lou- 
isville, Richmond,  and  Baltimore  ;  has  published  a 
large  number  of  sermons  and  literary  addresses  ; 
has  addressed  large  convocations  of  Masons,  Odd- 
Fellows,  and  Friends  of  Temperance,  and  lieid 
the  most  honorable  State  offices  in  these  orders  :  is 
a  member  of  numerous  naticjnal  and  State  liter- 
ary and  scientific  organizations  ;  has  by  invitation 
of  the  Legislature  delivered  addresses  from  the 
Speaker's  stand  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  and  Austin, 
Texas  ;  was  selected  by  his  county  in  1870  to  de- 
liver the  menioi'ial  address  of  Robert  E.  Lee,  and 
in  1870  was  chosen  to  deliver  the  Centennial  ora- 
tion ;  has  published  the  '"  Memoir  of  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Crane,"  "Literary  Discourses,''  and  a  "Collection 
of  Arguments  and  Opinions  on  Baptism  ;"  and  he  is 
now  publishing  in  lessons  a  "  Baptist  Catechism." 
A  collection  of  his  writings  would  fill  half  a  dozen 
volumes.  He  was  first  married  to  Miss  Alceta  Flora 
Galusha,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  whose  grandfather, 
grand-uncle,  and  great-grandfather  were  twenty- 
nine  years  governors  of  Vermont.  She  lived  ten 
years.  He  was  next  married  to  Miss  Jane  S. 
Wright,  at  Rome,  N.  Y.,  wlio  lived  about  sixteen 
months.  His  last  marriage  was  .Vpril  20,  1845,  to 
Miss  Kate  Jane  Shepherd.  .Mobile,  Ala. 

The  Rev.  Z.  N.  Morroll,  in  his  '•  Flowers  and 
Fruits  from  the  Wilderness,  or  Thirty-six  Years 
in  Texas,"  says,  '"  As  a  scholar,  he  has  but  few 
equals,  and  his  superiors  are  very  scarce.  His 
conversation,  his  literary  addresses,  and  his  ser- 
mons all  show  that  he  is  not  only  a  profound 
scholar,  but  that  he  has  always  been  a  student. 


CRA  WFORD 


290 


CRA  WFORD 


and  he  is  a  student  still.  His  mental  discipline  is 
of  the  most  rigid  cliaracter.  In  person  lie  is  of 
medium  height,  with  compact  form,  inclined  to 
corpulency."'  For  twelve  years  he  was  secretary 
of  the  Soutliern  Baptist  Convention,  and  in  1S70, 
1S74,  ISTT,  and  1S7S  he  was  a  vice-president  of  that 
body.  In  fact,  during  a  long  life,  and  ever  since 
lii.'j  seventeenth  year,  he  ha.s  been  an  officer  of  re- 
ligious bodies  in  the  States  of  Virginia,  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  Louisiana,  and  Texas.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Mi.ssissippi  State  Convention  for  two 
years  ;  of  the  Louisiana  State  Convention  for  three 
years;  and  he  has  been  president  of  the  Texas  Bap- 
tist State  Convention  since  1871,  and  he  now  dis- 
charges the  duties  of  this  office,  with  three  otiier 
offices,  as  well  as  the  presidency  of  Baylor  Univer- 
sity, and  the  jiastorate  of  Independence  church. 
lie  is  now  occupied  on  works  for  the  press,  among 
them  the  "  Life  of  Sam  Houston."  Though  en- 
gaged most  of  his  life  as  an  educator,  with  happy 
success,  he  has  always  had  charge  of  churches  in 
such  important  places  as  Montgomery,  Ala.  ;  Co- 
lumbus, Vicksburg,  Yazoo  City,  Hernando,  Miss.  ; 
Memphis,  Tenn.  ;  Mount  Lebanon,  La. ;  and  Inde- 
pendence, Texas.  He  is  a  member  of  the  "Ameri- 
can Philological  Association,"  and  various  college 
societies.  He  has  preached  a  large  number  of  ser- 
mons. It  is  supposed  about  2501)  pei-sons  have 
been  converted  through  his  instrumentality.  He 
has  exercised  no  little  influence  in  the  denomina- 
tion, and  stands  among  the  first  as  a  scholar,  a 
speaker,  a  theologian,  a  parliamentarian,  and  a 
sound,  thoroughgoing  Baptist,  one  who  has  per- 
formed a  large  share  of  that  hard  work  which  has 
given  tone  and  character  to  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion South,  and  elevated  it  to  its  present  position 
of  power  and  usefulness. 

Crawford,  Charles  £.,  a  prominent  teacher  and 
Sunday-school  worker  in  Northwestern  Louisiana, 
was  born  in  Alabama  in  1S38;  graduated  at  Mis- 
sissippi College  in  1858 ;  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
in  1877,  he  was  principal  of  Keachi  Male  Acad- 
emy. 

Crawford,  N.  M.,  D.D.,  fir  years  the  ablest 
Baptist  scholar  in  (icorgia,  and  one  of  tlie  best 
preachers  in  the  State,  was  born  near  Lexington, 
in  Oglethorpe  County,  March  22.  1811.  His  father 
was  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Crawford,  U.  S.  Senator,  and 
Secretary  of  War  under  President  Taylor.  The 
boyhood  of  N.  M.  Crawford  was  spent  in  Wash- 
ington City;  but  in  his  fifteenth  year  he  entered 
the  University  of  Georgia,  graduating  .at  eighteen 
with  the  first  honor.  At  twenty-five  he  became  a 
professor  in  Oglethorpe  College,  near  Milledgeville. 
At  that  time  he  was  a  Presbyterian. 

When  twenty-nine  years  of  age  he  married,  and 
it  was  while  seeking  Scripture  authority  for  infant 
baptism,  after  the  birtli  of  his  first  child,  that  he 


became  convinced  of  the  correctness  of  Baptist 
views.  Soon  afterwards  he  was  baptized,  and 
leaving  Oglethorpe  College,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Washington.  Ga.,  where  he 
resided  a  year.  He  was  then  transferred  to  a 
larger  field,  succeeding  l>r.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  the 
elder,  in  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
at  Charleston,  S.  C.  His  ministry  there  continued 
for  two  years  only,  as  he  accepted  the  chair  of 
Theology  in  Mercer  University  in  1846,  which  he 
filled  with  great  ability  for  ten  years,  preaching 
constantly  in  the  neighboring  churclios.  He  then 
succeeded  Dr.  Dagg  in  the  presidency  of  Mercer 
University,  but  soon  retired  from  the  position  and 
accepted  the  professorship  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
the  University  of  Mi.ssissippi,  at  Oxford.  In  the 
fall  of  1857  he  became  Professor  of  Theology  in 
Georgetown,  Ky.,  but  in  the  following  summer  he 
was  recalled  to  his  native  State,  and  installed,  for 
the  second  time,  as  president  of  Mercer  University, 
and  he  remained  at  the  head  of  that  institution 
seven  successive  years.  In  1865,  after  the  war, 
the  great  monetary  depression  caused  a  suspension 
of  the  exercises  of  Mercer  University,  and  Dr. 
Crawford  accepted  the  presidency  of  Georgetown 
College,  Ky.,  and  continued  in  that  position  until 
failing  health,  in  1871,  caused  his  resignation.  He 
expired  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  in  Walker  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  27,  1871. 

Dr.  Crawford  was  a  man  of  surpassing  talents 
and  won<lcrful  acquirements.  He  was  in  the  true 
sense  of  the  term  a  genius.  In  the  entire  circle 
of  science  he  was  thoroughly  versed,  and  his  ac- 
quaintance with  the  whole  range  of  knowledge 
was  astonishing.  As  a  linguist,  besides  his  native 
tongue,  he  knew  thoroughlj'  French,  Latin,  Greek, 
and  Hebrew.  As  a  mathematician  his  knowledge 
extended  through  the  calculus.  He  was  familiar 
with  the  great  problems  of  astronomy  and  with  the 
teachings  of  natural  philosojihy.  He  had  a  very 
respectable  knowledge  of  natural  science,  includ- 
ing chemistry,  mineralogy,  geology,  and  botany. 
In  metaphysics  he  was  well-read,  and  before  his 
conversion  he  made  himself  perfectly  familiar  with 
law  as  a  science.  Few  men  were  his  equals  in 
knowledge  of  English  literature,  while  he  had 
carefully  studied  the  history  of  the  world,  from 
Adam  down  to  the  present  time.  And  in  theology 
he  was  conversant  with  the  thoughts  of  all  our 
best  writers.  Take  him  all  in  all.  Dr.  Crawford 
was  perhnps  the  most  learned  man  the  State  of 
Georgia  has  ever  produced.  While  a  college  pres- 
i  ident  he  could  take  the  post  of  any  professor  who 
might  be  temporarily  absent,  with  equal  facility 
hearing  a  recitation  in  the  higher  branches  of 
mathematics,  or  in  chemistry,  natural  philosophy, 
1  Latin.  Greek,  logic,  theology,  or  in  secular  or 
ecclesiastical   bistorv.     Accepting  the  New  Testa- 


CRA  WFORD 


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CRA  WFORD 


ment  as  his  only  teacher,  he  bvou^iht  all  his  learn- 
in"  to  the  feet  of  Jesus,  and  a  '•  thus  saith  the 
Lord"  was  for  him  decisive  of  every  question  of 
faith  or  duty.  Hence  he  was  a  thorough  Baptist. 
In  the  pulpit  he  was  an  exceedingly  instructive 
preacher:  his  method  was  clear,  his  i=tyle  wa-i? 
transparent,  and  his  argument  was  conclusive.  In 
preaching  he  relied  chiefly  for  his  good  effects  upon 
his  appeals  to  the  understanding,  for  in  pathos,  in 
appeals  to  the  feelings,  and  in  the  power  of  per- 
suasion he  was  not  equal  to  many  who  were  his 
inferiors  in  learning.  But  he  move  than  made  up 
for  his  deficiency  in  these  respects  \>y  the  jiower 
of  his  facts  and  the  conclusiveness  of  his  reason- 
ing; yet  there  were  times  when  he  spoke  with 
melting  pathos  and  the  most  commanding  elo- 
quence. His  heart  was  tender  and  sympathetic, 
and  large-souled  generosity  and  benevolence  were 
natural  to  him.  He  was  a  man  of  remarkable 
frankness,  uttering  his  sentiments  always  with 
most  outspoken  candor.  Though  far  removed  from 
levity,  his  conversation  abounded  with  humor,  and 
he  seemed  to  have  an  inexhaustible  fund  of  anec- 
dotes, with  which  to  entertain  a  friend  or  illustrate 
a  truth.  One  phase  of  his  character  should  not 
be  overlooked  :  he  had  in  a  high  degree  the  quali- 
ties of  a  statesman  ;  had  he  chnsen  politics  for  his 
profession,  he  would  have  been  among  the  foremost 
of  our  great  national  leaders,  whose  fame  would 
have  lived  as  long  as  our  glorious  republic. 

His  mind  was  brilliant,  his  fancy  luxuriant,  and 
hisoratoricalpowersof  the  first  order.  A  man  of  the 
highest  moral  excellence,  his  Christian  spirit  shone 
with  distinguished  lustre  in  all  the  relations  of  life  ; 
and  his  Christian  character  was  not  only  without  a 
blemish,  but  was  in  a  most  eminent  degree  exalted. 
Throughout  his  life  of  untiring  industry  and  perse- 
vering study,  of  profound  humility  and  childlike 
simplicity,  of  wide-spread  benevolence,  adorned  by 
a  genial  flow  of  pleasant  humor,  a  genuine  and 
thorough  consecration  to  Jesus  reigned.  With 
genius  and  capacity  that  would  have  made  him 
shine  brightly  in  any  sphere  of  life,  and  which 
would  have  reached  not  only  distinction,  but 
fanle,  in  any  pursuit,  he  preferred  to  give  himself 
to  the  service  of  him  whose  kingdom  is  not  of 
this  world.  In  that  service  he  rose  to  exalted 
eminence  among  his  brethren,  accomplished  an 
amount  of  good  rarely  allotted  to  one  man,  and 
exerted  an  influence  beneficial  in  the  highest  de- 
gree for  religion  ancl  for  his  own  denomination. 

Crawford,  Rev,  Peter,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1809;  professed  religion  in  1S31,  anil  soon  after 
became  a  minister;  received  a  liberal  education  in 
■what  is  now  known  as  Richmond  College,  Virginia. 
Having  a  rare  faculty  for  teaching,  his  life  was 
principally  devoted  to  educating  the  young,  al- 
though engaged  regularly  in  preaching.     In  18.'5.T 


he  removed  to  Marion,  Ala.,  and  founded  the  now 
justly  famed  Judson  Female  Institute.  After' 
teaching  some  time  in  Central  Female  College, 
Miss.,  in  1866  he  became  president  of  Keachi 
Female  College,  at  Keachi,  La.,  where  he  ended  his 
labors,  April  2").  1S7.3. 

Crawford,  Rev.  Wm.  B.,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Madison,  Ga.,  is  the  son  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Wm.  H.  Crawford,  and  younger  brother 
of  Dr.  N.  M.  Crawford,  for  years  president  of 
Mercer  University.  He  was  born  on  the  14th  of 
September,  1821.  at  Washington  City,  and  was 
educated  at  Oglethorpe  University,  Ga.,  and  at 
Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he  studied  medicine.  He 
received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  medical  col- 
lege at  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  for  thirty-three  years 
practised  his  profession  with  great  success,  except 
when  president  of  a  female  college  at  Cedar  Town, 
Ga.,  in  18.54  and  185.'),  and,  also,  for  the  brief 
period  during  which  he  occupied  the  chair  of 
Natural  Science  at  Mercer  University,  in  1846. 

He  united  with  the  Madison  church  in  1848,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  following  year.  The 
church  called  him  to  its  pastorate  and  to  ordi- 
nation in  1874,  and  he  has  sustained  the  pastoral 
relation  to  the  present  time,  rendering  valuable  and 
acceptable  service.  He  belongs  to  the  expository 
class  of  preachers,  his  discourses  being  marked 
with  great  plainness  and  simplicity.  He  is  a  man 
of  high  ment.ll  cultivation,  of  comprehensive  learn- 
ing, of  great  independence  of  character,  and  a  clear 
and  accurate  thinker.  For  some  years  he  was  a 
Presbyterian,  but  a  careful  study  of  the  Xew  Tes- 
tament led  him  to  change  his  ecclesiastical  relations 
and  unite  with  the  Baptists.  Had  he  entered  the 
ministr}'  in  early  life,  he  would  have  achieved  high 
reputation  as  a  preacher.  Unaffected  modesty  and 
self-distrust  have  kept  him  in  the  background  some- 
what, but  he  is  a  most  faithful  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  and  the  purity  and  integrity  of  his  private 
life,  united  with  his  constant  endeavors  exactly  to 
obey  the  Word  of  God,  give  him  an  exalted  Chris- 
tian character.  In  social  intercourse  he  is  pleasant, 
humorous,  and  instructive,  though  not  inclined 
readily  to  cultivate  the  acquaintance  of  others. 

Crawford,  Rev,  William  Jackson,  is  editor 
of  Tlie  Bearon,  the  Baptist  paper  of  Oregon,  sec- 
retary of  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  North 
Pacific  Coast,  and  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Albany,  Oregon.  As  pastor  of  one  of  the  important 
churches,  and  editor,  by  election  of  the  Convention, 
of  which  he  is  .secretary,  he  occupies  positions  of 
great  prominence  and  responsibility  for  one  so 
young.  Albany  is  his  first  pastorate,  which  he  as- 
sumed Dee.  11,  1878.  His  work  has  been  blessed, 
42  converts  having  been  baptized.  He  was  born  in 
Macoupin  Co.,  III..  Pec.  12,  1849  ;  was  converted 
and  baptized  at  seventeen  :  studied  at  Blackburn 


CRA  WFORD 


292 


CRAWLEY 


(Presbyterian)  College  for  a  time,  and  five  years  at 
Shurtloir  College,  graduating  at  the  close  of  a  full 
classical  and  theological  course  in  187JS.  He  was 
ordained  Dec.  21,  1875,  by  Mount  Pleasant  church, 
111.     While  in  college  supplied  several  churches. 

Crawford,  Rev.  Wm.  L.,  a  minister  of  George- 
town, (Ja.,  was  btirn  Full.  22,  1802,  and  wa.s  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Benevolence  church,  in 
Randolph  County,  in  July,  1842,  after  reaching  the 
age  of  forty.  In  April,  1846,  he  was  ordained. 
lie  was  truly  a  man  of  God.  He  began  to  preach 
about  three  years  after  his  baptism,  and  soon  be- 
came a  strong  and  zealous  minister.  He  served 
many  churclies,  and  was  universally  popular,  al- 
though a  high-toned  Calvinist  in  sentiment,  and  to 
the  day  of  his  death  an  old  landmark  Baptist.  He 
possessed  a  firm  mind,  a  retentive  memory,  and  an 
intellect  of  towering  capacity.  One  of  the  most 
sociable  of  men,  he  was  truly  a  peace-maker ; 
through  modesty  and  meekness  rarely  speaking 
at  Conventions  and  Associations.  He  was  made 
moderator  of  the  Bethel  Association  for  fourteen 
years  in  succession,  and  within  the  bounds  of  that 
able  body  no  man  stood  higher.  In  person  he  was 
large  and  portly,  his  mind  and  body  seeming  to  be 
admirably  apportioned.  He  had  charge  of  various 
churches  in  Southwestern  Georgia  during  a  minis- 
terial career  of  about  thirty  years,  and  he  was  a 
successful  preacher  and  pastor.  AVhen  he  died,  in 
1878,  the  Bethel  Association  adopted  in  his  honor 
a  report  very  complimentary  to  his  character  and 
abilities. 

Crawford,  Rev.  W.  W.,  a  prominent  minister 
at  Dardanelles,  Avk.,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1816;  was  baptized  at  Mount  Lebanon,  La.,  in 
1845 ;  began  to  preach  in  1853,  and  was  ordained 
at  Meriden,  La.,  in  1856,  and  supplied  the  church  at 
Fillmore,  La.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Avoyelles 
Parish,  and  became  joint  pastor  of  Evergreen  and 
Big  Cane  churches.  Both  these  churches  prospered 
under  his  ministry.  Here  he  continued  nine  years, 
sharing  with  them  all  the  hardships  incident  to  a 
country  where  hostile  armies  were  constantly 
marching  and  countermarching.  He  was  pastor 
one  year  at  Gilmer,  Texas,  after  which  he  accepted 
a  call  from  Dardanelles,  Ark.  Under  his  ministry 
a  new  church  was  built,  and  the  membership  grew 
from  25  to  84  n]eml>ers. 

Crawley,  Rev.  Arthur  R.  R.,  was  Ijorn  in 
Cape  Breton  in  1831.  He  graduated  at  Acadia 
College  in  1849.  and  pursued  his  theological  studies 
at  Newton,  where  he  graduated  in  1853.  He  sailed 
from  this  country  the  following  December,  under 
appointment  as  a  missionary  to  Burmah.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1854,  he  went  to  Henthada,  a  town  having  a 
population  of  from  20,000  to  30,000  inhabitants, 
and  situated  120  miles  above  Rangoon,  on  the 
river  Irrawaddy.    Here  he  labored  for  several  years 


with  marked  ability  and  success.  At  the  end  of 
oneyear  the  Henthada  Mission  included  8  churches 
and  150  members,  and  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Crawley's 
death,  twenty-three  years  after  he  commenced  his 
labors  there,  the  number  of  churches.  Burman  and 
Karen,  was  54,  with  a  membership  of  1930  persons. 
The  Executive  Board  testifies  that  Mr.  Crawley 
■'  was  one  of  the  most  unsparing  and  efl'ective 
workers  that  ever  labored  among  the  heathen.  And 
he  was  as  judicious  as  he  was  enterprising.  It  is 
seldom  that  a  Christian  laborer  has  built  more 
wisely ;  and  no  man  who  has  labored  among  the 
Burmans  has  attained  a  more  marked  success  in 
winning  souls.  After  more  than  twenty-one  years 
spent  in  the  field,  while  in  the  harness,  and  pi'o- 
duoing  larger  numerical  results  than  any  other  man 
devoted  to  Burman  evangelization,  he  laid  down  his 
work  with  his  life  on  the  9th  of  October,  1876,  ,at 
the  early  age  of  forty-five  years.  He  has  left  a 
name  worthy  to  be  enrolled  among  the  heroes  of 
the  heroic  age  of  Christian  missions." 

Crawley,  Edmund  Albern,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
England,  Jan.  20.   1790;   brought   up  in   Sydney. 


EDMUND    ALBERN"    CRAWLEY,  D.D. 

Cape  Breton  ;  graduated  from  King's  College,  Nova 
Scotia,  1819;  converted  in  Granville,  and  baptized 
at  Halifiix,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1827 ;  abandoned  the 
law,  and  studied  Biblical  interpretation  under 
Prof.  Moses  Stuart,  at  Andover ;  was  ordained  at 
Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1830  ;  from  1832  was  pastor 
of  Granville  Street  church.  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
for  thirteen  years  ;  became  professor  in  Acadia 
College  at  its  inception,  January,  1839.  Brown 
University  honored  him  in   1846  with  D.D.     Be- 


CREATE 


293 


CREEDS 


came  president  of  Acadia  College  in  1854;  subse- 
quently spent  some  years  in  the  United  States  ; 
and  in  18(57  resumed  professorship  in  Acadia,  and 
is  now  principal  of  the  theological  department  in 
that  college.  Dr.  Crawley  was  very  prominent  in 
originating  the  educational  movement  among  the 
Baptists  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  also  in  carrying  for- 
ward tlie  work.  He  possesses  a  philosophic  mind 
and  splendid  talents  ;  is  highly  cultured.  He  is  a 
sound  theologian  and  a  magnificent  preacher. 

Creath,  Rev.  Joseph  W.  D.,  was  born  in 
Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  3,  1809.     His  father, 


REV.  Jn.SEI'II    W.  D.  CREATH. 

Wm.  Creath,  was  a  Baptist  minister  between  thirty 
and  forty  years.  He  was  educated  at  the  A'irginia 
Baptist  Seminary  (now  Richmond  College),  and 
graduated  December,  1837  :  served  churches  in 
Virginia  as  pastor  till  1846,  then  he  removed  to 
Te.xas  under  appointment  as  a  missionary  from  the 
Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention.  From  that  time  to  this  period,  whether 
as  pastor  at  Huntsville  or  Cold  Springs,  chaplain 
of  the  penitentiary,  or  as  agent  for  Bible  revision, 
tlie  San  Antonio  church,  or  the  State  Convention, 
no  man  has  been  in  labors  more  abundant,  untiring, 
and  self-sacrificing.  He  raised  more  money  for 
missions  and  the  erection  of  houses  of  worship, 
and  he  constituted  more  churches,  than  any  man  in 
the  Soutliwcst.  Ever  1)usy  doing  good  in  all  at- 
tainable ways,  singing,  pr.aying,  writing,  preach- 
ing. -J.  W.  D.  Creath  is  the  most  apostolic  man  in 
Texas,  and  never  received  over  S^'iOO  as  an  annual 
salary.  He  has  been  moderator  of  Union  Associa- 
tion, president  of  the  State  Convention,  president 


of  the  trustees  of  Baylor  University,  and  vice-pres- 
ident of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  As  a 
financier,  a  sound  theologian,  a  thorough  Baptist, 
and  a  bold,  efiective,  evangelical  preacher,  he  stands 
very  high. 

Credentials,  or  Certificate  of  Ordinatiou. — 
This  document  is  given  by  the  Council  or  Presby- 
tery that  ordains  a  Vjrother  to  the  ministry,  and  the 
following  form  has  been  used  : 

"  To  all  people  to  whom  these  presents  shall 
come  the  subscribers  send  greeting:  Convened  at 
Blanktown  on  the  1st  day  of  May,  1818,  by  the 
Baptist  church  of  that  city,  for  the  purpose  of 
setting  apart  the  bearer  to  the  work  of  the  Chris- 
tian ministry  by  solemn  ordination,  we  made  a 
careful  examination  of  the  candidate  in  reference 
to  his  conversion,  call  to  the  ministry,  and  views 
of  Bible  doctrine,  and  being  fully  satisfied  about 
his  piety,  divine  call,  knowledge  of  the  Word,  and 
gifts  for  the  ministry,  we  did,  therefore,  in  the 
presence  of  said  church,  and  at  its  request,  sol- 
emnly ordain  to  the  sacred  office  of  the  ministry, 
by  prayer  and  the  imposition  of  hands,  our  worthy 

brother,  the  Rev. .  whom  we  recommend 

to  tlie  confidence  and  respect  of  the  churches. 

'■ — -,  Clerk. 

" .  M'lthraior." 

Creeds,  Advantageous. — Every  thinking  man 
has  a  creed  about  politics,  religion,  and  the  best 
manner  of  conducting  the  business  with  which  he 
is  most  familiar.  It  may  not  be  printed,  it  may  not 
be  communicated  in  words  except  in  special  cases, 
but  it  surely  exists  in  all  intelligent  minds.  And 
if  the  reader  can  remember  a  denomination  with- 
out an  avowed  Confession  of  Faith  he  will  find  that 
in  that  community  there  is  an  understood  creed  just 
as  real,  and  as  well  known  by  those  familiar  with 
its  people  and  its  teachings,  as  if  every  one  of  its 
members  carried  a  printed  copy  of  it  in  his  band. 

Baptists  have  always  gloried  that  the  Bible  was 
their  creed,  and  at  the  same  time  for  centuries  they 
have  had  jiublisbed  Confessions  of  Faith.  In  our 
denomination  these  articles  of  belief  have  always 
occupied  a  subordinate  position  ;  they  are  never 
placed  on  a  level  with  the  Scriptures,  much  less 
above  thorn.  They  are  used  to  inotcot  our  unity, 
to  preserve  our  peace,  and  to  instruct  our  members. 
In  the  church  to  which  the  writer  ministers  a  copy 
of  its  "  Articles  of  Faith"  and  '•  Cliurch  Covenant" 
is  given  to  each  person  intending  to  unite  with  it 
by  baptism  or  letter.  That  the  univer.«al  adoption 
of  this  practice  would  be  attended  by  the  happiest 
results  we  have  no  doubt. 

■\Ve  have  been  present  at  many  councils  to  recog- 
nize new  churches  for  the  last  twenty-seven  years, 
and  in  every  instance  the  cnmniunity  gave  either  a 
well-known  Confession  of  Faith  as  their  creed,  or  • 
they  submitted  a  series  of  Articles  of  Faith  com- 


CREEDS 


294 


CRESSEY 


piled  for  their  own  use  in  Iiarmony  with  our  ac- 
kiiDH'lfilgeJ  doctrines.  We  do  not  think  it  [lossilile 
for  any  body  of  professed  Christians  to  be  "  ac- 
knowledfjed"  by  a  council  of  our  denomination  as  a 
regular  Baptist  church,  without  Articles  of  Faith. 

No  candidate  for  the  ministry  would  be  ordained 
by  a  church  unless  the  council  called  to  give  it  ad- 
vice on  the  ((uestion  had  received  from  the  young 
man  a  cdufcssion  of  faith  which  embraced  the 
teachings  of  our  revered  fathers, — views  of  doctrine 
resting  wholl3'  on  the  Word  of  God. 

Our  demand  for  many  hundreds  of  years,  that 
nothing  shall  exist  among  us  in  faith  or  practice 
without  an  inspired  warrant,  has  made  the  authors 
of  our  creeds  e.Ktrcniely  careful  in  their  prepara- 
tion, and  the  common  use  of  such  Articles  of  Faith 
among  Baptists  has  trained  them  to  a  uniformity 
in  orthodox  sentiment  which  occasionally  excites 
surprise  in  other  communities.  We  have  no  section 
of  our  denomination  denouncing  the  creeds  of  their 
brethren  as  unworthy  of  the  progress  of  this  ad- 
vanced age.  It  is  an  extraordinary  occurrence  when 
an  intelligent  Baptist  strays  into  the  crooked  paths 
of  so-called  rationalism,  or  into  any  of  the  mis 
mimed  "liberal"  Christian  communities. 

The  extensive  use  of  a  creed  in  Baptist  churches 
should  he  encouraged  hy  earnest  Christians  who 
love  our  Scriptural  principles.  AVe  are  not  sur- 
prised to  see  that  the  greatest  of  living  Baptist 
preachers  writes,  "  The  arch-enemy  of  truth  has 
invited  us  to  level  our  walls  and  take  away  our 
fenced  cities.  He  has  cajoled  some  true-hearted 
but  weak-headed  believers  to  advocate  this  crafty 
policy  ;  and,  from  the  best  of  motives,  some  foolish 
brethren  are  almost  prepared  to  execute  the  cunning 
design.  '  Away  with  creeds  and  bodies  of  divinity  1' 
This  is  the  cry  of  the  day.  Ostensibly,  it  is  rever- 
ence for  the  Bible  and  attachment  to  charity  which 
dictates  the  clamorous  denunciation  ;  but  at  the 
bottom  it  is  hatred  of  definite  truth,  and  especially 
of  the  doctrines  of  grace,  which  has  suggested  the 
absurd  outcry.  As  Philip  of  Maoedon  hated  the 
Grecian  orators  because  they  were  the  watch-dogs 
of  the  flock,  80  there  are  wolves  who  desire  the 
destruction  of  our  doctrinal  formularies,  that  they 
may  make  havoc  of  the  souls  of  men  by  their  pes- 
tilent heresies.  .  .  .  Were  there  no  other  argument 
in  favor  of  articles  and  creeds,  the  detestation  of 
Neologians  might  go  far  to  establish  them  in  Chris- 
tian estimation.  Weapons  which  are  oflensive  to 
our  enemies  should  never  be  allowed  to  rust.  .  .  . 
The  pretense  that  articles  of  faith  fetter  the  mind, 
is  annihilated  by  the  fact  that  the  boldest  thinkers 
are  to  be  found  among  men  who  are  not  foolhardy 
to  forsake  the  old  landmarks.  He  who  finds  his 
creed  a  fetter  has  none  at  all,  for  to  the  true  be- 
liever a  plain  statement  of  his  foith  is  no  more  a 
chain  than  a  sword-belt  to  the  soldier,  or  a  girdle 


to  the  pilgrim.  If  there  were  any  fear  that  Scrip- 
ture would  be  displaced  by  handbooks  of  theology, 
we  should  be  the  first  to  denounce  them  ;  but  there 
is  not  the  shadow  of  a  reason  for  such  a  dream, 
since  the  most  Bible-reading  of  all  nations  is  that 
in  which  the  Assembly's  (Westminster)  Catechism 
is  learned  by  almost  every  mother's  son."  (Spur- 
geon's  "  Prefatory  Recommendation"  to  Stock's 
"  Handbook  of  Theology,"  pp.  7,  8,  9.  London, 
1862.) 

We  strongly  urge  the  enlarged  use  of  Confes- 
sions of  Faith  among  church  members ;  and  with 
them,  fur  the  young,  we  could  not  too  earnestly 
ailvise  parents  to  employ  the  (-'atechism  in  their 
own  homes.  This  neglected  custom  of  the  past 
should  be  revived  in  every  Baptist  family  in  the 
world,  and  all  our  Lord's-day  schools  should  place 
the  same  little  work  in  their  regular  system  of  re- 
ligious training.  Reach's  Catechism,  with  all  the 
soundness  of  its  distinguished  author,  two  hundred 
years  old,  and  others  of  later  date,  can  be  had  for 
a  trifle  from  the  Baptist  Publication  Society.  We, 
ourselves,  derived  incalculable  benefits  frcun  a 
thorough  drilling  in  the  Westminster  Catechism  in 
childhood,  and  we  commend  to  all  our  brethren 
a  Baptist  Catechism  and  Confession  for  children 
and  adults. 

Cressey,  Rev.  George  Angell,  pastor  of  the 

Baptist  church  in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  is  a  native  of 
Cincinnati,  0.,  where  he  was  born  Nov.  8,  1843. 
He  is  a  son  of  Rev.  T.  R.  Cressey,  a  well-known 
and  dearly-beloved  pioneer  missionary  of  the 
Northwest,  who  died  in  1870.  His  mother  was 
Josephine  Cioing  Cressey.  His  father  was  pastor 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  here  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  spent  his  early  youth.  At  the  age  of  ten 
years  his  father  removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  which 
became  the  family  home  for  several  years.  In 
1802,  George  enlisted,  and  served  three  years  in 
the  ranks.  While  in  the  army,  in  18ti4,  he  ob- 
tained a  hope  in  Christ,  having  been  deeply  con- 
victed of  his  sinful  condition  by  the  death  of  an 
irreligious  comrade.  In  1867  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Buckley  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Upper  Alton,  III.  He  was  educated 
at  Shurtleff  College  and  at  the  Baptist  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Chicago,  111.  Having  received 
an  invitation  to  the  Baptist  church  in  JIcLean, 
111.,  he  was  ordained  by  this  church  in  March,  1809. 
lie  was  subsequently  pastor  of  the  Grand  Avenue 
Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee  two  years,  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Elkhorn  five  years,  and  of  liis 
present  church  in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  one  year. 

Mr.  Cressey  is  a  successful  pastor  and  an  excel- 
lent preacher.  His  ministry  has  been  blessed  with 
many  tokens  of  the  divine  favor. 

Cressey,  Rev.  Timothy  R.,  was  born  at  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.,  Sept.  18,  1800  ;    died  at  Des  Moines, 


CRESSET 


295 


CRIST 


Iowa,  Aug.  30,  1870 ;  converted  to  Christ  when 
twenty  years  of  age,  and  soon  after  answered 
affirmatively  what  seenieil  to  lie  God's  call  to  pri'acli 
the  ffospol.  He  graduated  from  Amherst  College 
in  IS'JS,  and  from  Xewton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1.S30. 

His  first  settlement  was  at  Ilingham,  Mass.,  in 
March,  1831,  where  he  remained  three  and  a  half 
years,  and  then  went  to  the  .South  rliureh,  Boston. 
AV'hile  in  college  he  solemnly  dedicated  himself  to 
the  work  of  home  missions,  and  in  June,  1S35,  he 
most  gladly  improved  his  first  opportunity  of  going 
to  the  West  and  heeoming  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Columbus.  0.  Here  ho  remained  seven  years, 
huilding  the  church  edifice  still  in  u.se,  and  leaving 
a  broad  an<l  deep  mark  for  Christ  on  the  church 
and  in  the  community  at  large.  Here  also  he  lost 
his  first  wife,  Mary  Peck,  and  married  his  second, 
Josephine  Going,  daughter  of  the  late  Ilev.  Jona- 
than Going.  D.D.,  then  president  of  Granville  C  il- 
lege,  who  still  survives  her  husband,  living  at  Des 
Moines.  A  two-years'  pastorate  of  the  First 
church,  Cincinnati,  was  succeeded  by  an  equal 
leugtli  of  time  spent  as  an  agent  of  the  Bible  So- 
ciety for  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Indiana. 

In  July,  1S46,  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  remaining  six  years.  During 
these  years  he  secured  the  erection  of  a  new  meet- 
ing-bouse seating  400  persons,  with  rooms  for  Sab- 
bath-school and  other  purposes.  In  addition  to 
pastoral  duties  more  than  sufficient  for  the  strength 
of  an  ordinary  man,  there  was  added,  immediately 
on  his  entering  the  State,  the  labor  of  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  Convention.  It  was  also  his 
duty  to  make  a  careful  examination  of  all  apjdica- 
tions  for  home  mission  aid,  while  as  trustee  of 
Franklin  College  he  attended  all  the  meetings  of 
the  board,  though  they  were  held  twenty  mile.s 
away  by  carriage-drive.  He  also  gave  much  at- 
tentiiin  to  general  education,  preparing  by  request 
of  a  State  Conventi(m,  in  1S47,  an  address  on  com- 
mon schools,  which  is  believed  by  many  to  have 
proved  a  great  turning-point  in  that  work. 

In  May,  IS.i-i,  he  became  pastor  at  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  being  the  third  Baptist  minister  to  enter  the 
Territory.  After  two  years  thus  spent,  home  mis- 
sionary work  began  in  real  earnest.  Tbnu;rh  fiftv- 
four  years  old,  he  spent  the  summer  and  autumn 
journeying  on  foot  through  the  southern  part  of 
the  Territory,  and  sometimes  was  compelled  to 
walk  a  dozen  or  more  miles  without  seeing  a  human 
being.  .Seven  years  were  mainly  employed  in  such 
work,  preaching  the  first  sermon  ever  heard  in 
many  places,  and  having  much  to  do  with  the  or- 
ganization of  not  a  few  churches,  lie  frei(uently 
rode  on  horseback  sixty  miles  in  the  depth  of  a 
Minnesota  winter  to  preach  in  a  log  cabin.  All 
appointments  were  sacredly  kept.     In  Minnesota, 


as  elsewhere,  he  took  a  deep  interest  in  educational 
matters,  drawing  up  in  I8.M  the  charter  of  a  Bap- 
tist college,  the  enacting  of  which  by  the  Legisla- 
ture was  due  mainly  to  his  individual  efforts. 

In  August,  1S61,  he  becanie  chaplain  of  the  2d 
Minnesota  Regiment  of  Volunteers,  and  gave  to  his 
country  two  years  of  unfaltering  devotion.  He 
was  pastor  two  years  at  Kendallvillc,  Ind.,  and  one 
each  at  Plainfield  and  OIney,  111.,  after  which,  in 
1868,  he  removed  to  Indianohi,  Iowa,  where  he  spent 
two  years  abounding  in  labor  and  success. 

In  May,  1S70,  he  removed  to  Des  Moines,  and, 
after  six  weeks'  rest,  he  accepted  an  appointment 
as  railroad  missionary,  to  begin  labor  the  1st  of 
September;  but  on  the  31st  of  August  sudden  and 
severe  sickness  quickly  removed  his  spirit  to  the 
enjoyment  of  heavenly  freedom.  His  last  words 
were,  "  My  work  is  done ;  I  am  going  home." 

Obstacles  furnished  him  the  inspiration  of  suc- 
cess and  not  the  discouragement  of  defeat.  He 
.seemed  to  seek  the  most  difficult  fields  of  service. 
He  recognized  the  simple,  earnest  preaching  of  the 
gospel  as  God's  instrument  to  secure  man's  salva- 
tion. In  his  discourses  he  loved  especially  to  dwell 
on  the  doctrines  and  character  of  Christ.  He  was 
a  Christian  of  great  spirituality  of  mind.  Our 
denominational  history  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Min- 
nesota could  not  be  written  without  making  mention 
of  his  work  and  worth.  He  left  three  .sons  in  the 
ministry. 

Crisp,  Thomas  S.,  was  born  in  1788,  at  Beccles, 
Suffolk,  England,  and  died  June  16,  1868,  aged 
eighty  years.  His  family  were  members  of  the  Con- 
gregational body,  and  in  his  early  manhood  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  of  that  denomination.  In 
1818  he  embraced  Baptist  principles,  and  soon  after 
his  baptism  received  an  invitiition  to  the  classical 
tutorship  of  Bristol  College.  He  was  also  elected 
assistant  minister  of  Broadmead  chapel.  On  the 
death  of  Dr.  Kyland,  in  1825,  Mr.  Crisp  was  chosen 
president  of  the  college,  and  for  nearly  forty  years 
he  discharged  the  duties  of  this  office.  During  the 
latter  ye.irs  of  his  presidency  he  enjoyed  the  valu- 
able co-operation  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gotcli,  the  present 
head  of  the  institution.  Mr.  Crisp  was  distin- 
guished as  an  accurate  scholar  and  a  prudent  ad- 
ministrator, but  he  is  specially  remembered  for  the 
rare  excellence  of  his  character  and  life. 

Crist,  Hon.  Henry,  a  distinguished  Indian- 
fighter  and  legislator  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in 
Berkeley  Co.,  'Va.,  in  1764.  His  father  having  re- 
moved to  Pennsylvania,  Henry,  with  other  daring 
youths,  visited  Kentucky  in  1779.  and  soon  after- 
wards tonk  up  his  abode  in  the  wilderness.  In 
1788  he  was  wounded  by  the  Indians  near  Shep- 
herdsville,  Ky..  and  lay  helpless  in  the  woods  many 
days,  when  u]ion  the  point  of  starvation  he  was  ac- 
cidentally discovered  and  rescued.    After  engaging 


CRITTENDEir 


296 


CROSBY 


in  the  manufacture  of  salt  some  years,  he  settled 
on  !i  farm  in  Bullitt  County.  Here  he  became  a 
iiiomljer  of  Cox's  Croek  Bupti.st  cliurch.  After 
serving  several  terms  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature, 
he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  U.  S.  Congress  in 
1808.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  retired  from 
pulilii-  life  to  his  fiinn.  where  he  died  Se])t.  26,  1844. 

Crittenden,  Rev.  Orrin,  an  eloquent  preacher, 
was  born  in  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  Felj.  13,  1814; 
converted  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  joined  tlie 
Union  Baptist  church,  .Jersey  Co.,  III.,  in  1848; 
was  licensed  in  1849,  and  ordained  at  the  meeting 
of  Apple  Creek  Association,  in  1850.  He  preached 
and  held  revival  meetings  in  various  places,  and  in 
1854  crossed  the  plains  to  California.  He  has 
preached  with  great  success  at  Mountain  View, 
Santa  Cruz,  South  Clara,  Salinas,  and  elsewhere. 
He  helped  to  organize  tlie  Mountain  View,  San 
Juan,  Napa,  and  other  churches,  as  tlie  result  of 
revival  labors,  and  he  has  baptized  nniny  converts. 
Excessive  labor  impairHd  liis  health  ;  but  in  his  ad- 
vanced years  lie  is  still  a  preacher  of  great  force, 
and  is  lionored  as  one  of  the  "  fathers"  in  the  Baptist 
ministry  of  California.  His  home  is  at  Mountain 
View,  near  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Crocker,  Rev.  Thomas. — For  more  than  thirty 
years  Thomas  Crocker  was  a  faithful  and  success- 
ful preacher  of  the  gospel,  and  liundreds  of  persons 
in  the  counties  of  Wake,  Warren,  Granville,  and 
Franklin,  X.  C,  were  brouglit  to  Christ  by  his 
lal)ors.  He  was  born  in  1786,  and  died  Dec.  8, 
1848,  aged  sixty  two  years. 

Crosby,  Rev.  David,  pastor  of  tlie  Baptist 
church  in  Ripoii,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Bath,  Steuben 
Co.,  N.  i'.,  in  18.39.  Having  early  in  life  obtained 
a  hope  in  Christ,  he  determined  to  fit  himself  for 
whatever  position  the  Lord  and  his  church  might 
assign  to  him.  lie  prepared  for  college  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.  He  entered  the  University  of  Roch- 
ester at  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  in  1804,  and  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1868.  Immediately  upon  gradu- 
ating he  entered  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary, and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1871.  Having 
received  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  of  Mount 
Morris,  N^.  Y.,  he  was  ordained  by  that  church  in 
September,  1871.  Having  received  an  invitation 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Lansing,  Mich.,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  at  Mount 
Morris  to  go  to  Lansing.  Here  he  continued  five 
years,  the  church  growing  rapidly  in  numbers  and 
inlluence  under  his  able  ministrations.  In  1877, 
Mr.  Crosby  came  to  Wisconsin  to  accept  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  at  Ripon,  which  has 
since  been  his  home.  He  is  a  scholar  of  ripe  ac- 
quirements and  a  good  preacher.  In  the  pulpit  he 
is  clear  and  logical,  and  as  a  pastor,  he  bestows 
the  most  laborious  care  on  all  the  work  of  his 
parish.     During  the  civil  war  Mr.  Crosby  served  as 


a  private  in  one  of  the  regiments  of  his  native 
State. 

Crosby,  Hon.  Moreau  S.,  of  (irand  Rapids, 
was  born  in  Manchester,  Ontario  Co..  N.  Y.,  Dea 


nON.   JIOREAU    S.  CROSBY. 

2,  1839.  He  joined  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Rochester  in  June,  18.57,  being  baptized  by  Rev.  G. 
D.  Boardman.  He  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Roclicster  in  1863,  and  has  since  resided  in 
Grand  Rapids.  He  w.as  associated  with  liis  father 
in  the  insurance  business  until  the  death  of  the 
latter,  in  1875,  and  he  has  since  continued  in  it. 
In  1872  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  sen- 
ate, and  he  became  at  once  an  active  and  influential 
member  of  that  body.  He  has  been  for  five  years 
a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Charities,  and  for 
six  years  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College.  He  was 
the  first  president  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  and  has  been  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Association.  For  several  years 
he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 

He  has  just  been  elected  lieutenant-governor  of 
Michigan. 

Crosby,  Thomas,  was  a  London  Baptist  of  great 
influence  in  our  denomination.  He  was  married 
to  a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Benjamin  Keach. 
He  taught  an  advanced  school  for  young  gentlemen. 
He  was  a  Baptist  deacon  for  many  years,  and  he 
was  selected  to  make  the  usual  statementon  behalf 
of  thechurcli  when  Dr.  Gill  was  ordained  the  pastor 
of  the  church  of  wliicli  Mr.  Crosby  was  a  member. 

Mr.  Stinton,  the  Ijrother-in-law  of  Thomas  Crosby, 
and  the  predecessor  of  Dr.  Gill,  had  collected  ma- 
terials for  a  work  on  Baptist  history,  which  was 


CROSS 


297 


CROZER 


never  published.  These  materials  were  piven  to 
Crosby.  And  he  says,  "  Tliat  if  the  in<;enious 
collector  of  the  materials  had  lived  to  digest  them 
into  proper  order,  according  to  his  design,  they 
woulil  have  appeared  to  much  greater  advantage" 
(than  in  his  book).  When  the  Kev.  Daniel  Xeal, 
a  Congregatiunalist,  was  propariiig  his  well-known 
"  History  of  the  Puritans,"  Mr.  Crosljy  sent  Mr. 
Stinton's  materials  to  Neal,  thinking  that  the  his- 
tory of  the  Baptists  in  England  would  necessarily 
be  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  Puritans.  After 
keeping  the  miiniiscripts  for  several  years,  less  than 
five  pages  of  his  third  volume  contained  all  that  he 
said  about  the  Baptists.  This  circumstance,  and 
the  unkind  reflections  upon  the  few  Baptist  min- 
isters whose  names  he  condescended  to  notice,  fur- 
nished the  reasons  why  Mr.  Crosby  wrote  his 
"  History  of  the  Baptists."  Bunyan,  Kiffin,  Keach, 
and  Stenneet  failed,  by  their  great  positions,  to 
persuade  Neal  to  give  them  a  place  in  his  work, 
though  all  England  knew  them. 

Mr.  Crosby's  "  History  of  the  English  Baptists," 
published  in  London  in  1738,  1739,  and  1740,  is 
worth  its  weight  in  gold  many  times  over.  Like 
Ivimey's  "  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  it  is 
very  scarce,  and  a  copy  of  it  brings  a  high  price. 

Cross,  Edmund  B.,  D.D.,  was  liorn  in  George- 
town, N.  Y.,  June  11,  1814,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
He  was  ordained  at  Georgetown,  Sept.  2,  1841,  and 
received  his  appointment  as  a  missionary  to  the 
foreign  field  Nov.  28,  1842.  He  did  not  leave  the 
country  until  Oct.  30,  1844,  arriving  at  Maulmain 
Feb.  24,  1845,  and  commencing  his  missionary 
work  at  Tavoy  March  25.  A  school  for  native 
preachers  was  opened  on  the  1st  of  May,  1846, 
under  his  charge,  teaching  in  which  and  preach- 
ing as  occasion  presented  fully  occupied  his  time. 
These  labors  in  and  about  Tavoy  were  followed 
with  success.  The  impaired  health  of  Mrs.  Cross 
made  it  necessary  for  him  to  return  to  the  United 
States,  which  was  i-eached  Jan.  2, 1853.  Mr.  Cross 
remained  here  two  years,  and  then  returned  to  re- 
sume his  work  at  Tavoy,  where  he  remained  until 
he  was  removed  to  Toungoo,  in  the  early  part  of 
1860,  and,  as  in  Tavoy,  he  was  connected  with  a 
school  for  the  training  of  preachers  as  an  associate 
with  Dr.  Mason,  which  relation  continued  until  Dr. 
Mason  left  the  service  of  the  Missionary  Union,  in 
1864,  when  Mr.  Cross  was  put  in  full  charge  of  the 
interests  of  the  Tavoy  station.  A  few  years  of 
quiet,  persistent  work  resulted  in  giving  prosperity 
to  the  Toungoo  station  and  its  out-stations.  In  De- 
cember, 1869,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cross,  who  had  again 
spent  some  time  in  this  country,  returned  once 
more  to  Tavoy.  The  mission  has  had  its  .severe 
trials  during  the  past  years,  especially  in  connection 
with  the  terrible  famine  which  has  brought  such 
20 


desolation  to  the  country.  There  has  been  a  grad- 
ual recovery  from  the  consequences  of  the  fearful 
scourge.  At  the  last  report  the  number  of  churches 
connected  with  the  department  of  which  Dr.  Cross 
has  the  charge  was  61,  with  a  membership  of  nearly 
2000  persons. 

Cross,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  in  Nottingham- 
shire, England,  Dec.  12,  1840.  His  parents  were 
Baptists,  and  he  was  early  brought  to  the  Saviour. 
He  was  baptized  in  1854.  While  very  young  he 
commenced  to  exercise  his  gifts  publicly.  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  when  only  seventeen  years  of 
age.  He  entered  the  Baptist  College  of  Notting- 
ham in  1859,  and  graduated  in  1863.  During  the 
same  year  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Coventry,  England.  Revivals  followed, 
and  the  church  rose  from  one  of  the  smallest  among 
the  Dissenters  to  the  largest  in  the  city.  He  came 
to  America  in  1874,  and  settled  as  p<astor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  During 
his  pastorate  there  of  five  years  the  magniKcent 
edifice  of  that  church  was  completed  and  dedicated. 
He  accepted  a  call  from  the  Pilgrim  church  in  New 
York  in  1879,  and  the  Lord  has  blessed  his  labors 
in  bis  new  field.  Mr.  Cross  is  a  man  of  ability  and 
piety,  and  if  his  life  is  spared  he  has  a  bright  future 
before  him. 

Crow,  Rev.  Charles.— For  many  years  one  of 
the  most  prominent  men  among  the  early  Baptists 
of  Alabama ;  pastor  at  Ocmulgee  and  other  lead- 
ing churches.  No  man  in  the  State  in  those  days 
was  considered  to  be  his  superior  as  an  influential 
and  strong  preacher,  giving  earnest  co-operation  to 
every  work.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  State 
Convention.  His  memory  is  still  fragrant  in  Ala- 
bama. 

Crozer,  Jolin  Price,  Esq.,  was  born  in  the  for- 
mer home  of  the  celebrated  painter,  Benjamin 
West,  at  Springfield,  Delawan^  Co.,  Pa.,  .Jan.  13, 
1793.  He  became  the  subject  of  religious  convic- 
tions in  very  early  life,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
William  Staughton  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First 
church,  Philadelphia,  April,  1807.  After  several 
unsuccessful  business  ventures,  he  engaged  in  the 
manufiicture  of  cotton  goods,  and  by  his  tireless 
industry,  undaunted  perseverance,  and  unimpeach- 
able integrity  he  achieved  great  and  well-deserved 
success.  His  riches  were  licld  as  a  trust  received 
from  God,  and  he  coveted  only  a  faithful  steward- 
ship. Upon  removing  to  Upland,  Pa.,  in  1847,  he 
erected  a  building  for  Sunday-school  purposes  and 
for  public  worship.  In  1S52  he  built  a  neat  church 
e<lifice,  which  be  also  enlarged  in  1861.  In  1858  he 
erected  a  building  at  a  cost  of  $45,000,  designed  to 
be  used  in  furnishing  at  a  reduced  cost  a  comprehen- 
sive and  thorough  education  for  business,  teaching, 
or  any  literary  pursuit.  This  building  was  gen- 
erously oflcred  and  used  as  a  hospital  for  sick  and 


CROZER 


29S 


CROZER 


wounded  soldiers  dm-ini;  tlie  war  of  18fil-65,  and 
it  was  subsequently  consecrated  as  a  "school  of  the 
prophets."  lie  was  a  man  of  generous  sympathies, 
and  contributed  largely  to  missionary,  educational, 


JOHN    iniCE    CROZER,  ESQ. 

and  humanitarian  enterprises.  In  IS.'w  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Ed- 
ucation Society,  which  position  he  retained  until 
his  death,  and  durina;  this  period  he  endowed  seven 
scholarships  of  81500  each.  lie  was  also  officially 
connected  with  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  and  while  in  this  connection  endowed  a 
Sunday-school  Library  Fund  of  S10,000,  and  a 
Ministers'  Library  Fund  of  $.5000.  The  Univer- 
sity of  Lewisburn;  also  shared  largely  in  liis  fre- 
quent and  munificent  benefactions.  Nor  were  his 
princely  gifts  confined  to  the  enterprises  of  his 
own  denomination.  The  Pennsylvania  Training 
School  for  Feeble-Minded  Children  received  a  gen- 
erous measure  of  his  attention  and  ,aid.  lie  was 
also  one  of  the  founders  of  the  U.  S.  Christian 
Commission,  and  a  worl<ing  member  of  its  execu- 
tive committee.  He  was  married  March  12.  1825, 
to  Miss  Sallie  M.  Knowles.  He  died  March  11, 
1866.  His  widow  still  lives,  full  of  years  and  good 
Works,  and  of  his  children.  Samuel  A.,  J.  Lewis, 
George  K.,  Robert  II.,  Mrs.  Lizzie,  wife  of  Dr. 
Benjamin  Griffith,  and  Mrs.  Emma  Knowles  still 
continue  in  the  faith  and  labors  of  their  sainted 
father.  Another  daughter,  Mrs.  Maggie,  wife  of 
Mr.  William  Bucknell,  has  since  entered  into 
rest,  after  a  life  abundant  in  the  blessed  results  of 
Christian  toil.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Cro- 
rer,  the  widow  and  surviving  children  established 


a  Missionary  Memorial  Fund  of  $50,000,  to  be 
used  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
in  mission  work  among  the  frecdmeu  in  the  South. 
On  Nov.  2,  1860,  they  also  jointly  endowed  the 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  with  contributions 
amounting  to  $275,000.  Thus  the  life  of  the  father 
survives  in  the  children,  recalling  the  memory  of 
one  who  will  ever  he  known  as  the  benefactor  of 
the  poor,  the  friend  of  the  fcel)le-niiiided,  the  pat- 
ron of  learning,  and  the  steadfast  supporter  of  re- 
ligion. The  oldest  son,  Mr.  Samuel  A.  Crozer,  is 
president  of  the  trustees  of  Crozer  Seminary.  The 
library  building,  "  Pearl  Hall,''  perpetuates  the 
name  of  the  deceased  daughter,  Mrs.  Maggie  Buck- 
nell. 

Crozer  Theological  Seminary  is  situated  in 

the  Ijorough  of  Upland,  Pa.,  just  outside  the  limits 
of  the  city  of  Chester,  14  miles  south  of  Philadel- 
phia, on  the  railroad  which  connects  Philadelphia 
and  New  York  with  Baltimore,  'Wiisbington.  and 
the  South.  Its  principal  liuilding  commands,  from 
a  gentle  elevation,  a  fine  view  of  the  two  adjacent 
towns,  and  of  a  long  stretch  of  the  Delaware  River. 
It  is  accordingly  visible  to  the  multitude  who  pass 
to  and  fro  between  North  and  South,  between  the 
land  and  the  ocean,  on  the  great  thoroughfares  of 
travel  just  mentioned.  Here  are  combined  the  ad- 
vantages of  rural  seclusion  with  those  of  close 
proximity  to  city,  manufacturing,  and  commercial 
life. 

The  origin  of  the  seminary  was  connected  with  a 
prior  agency  fur  promoting  the  same  objects  at  Ihe 
university  at  Lcwisburg,  Pa.  A  theolcigical  depart- 
ment of  instruction  for  candidates  for  the  ministry 
had  been  there  sustained  for  some  years  under  the 
patronage  of  Baptist  churches.  Of  that  insti- 
tution Mr.  J.  P.  Crozer,  founder  of  the  borough  of 
Upland,  had  long  been  a  prominent  and  most  liberal 
supporter.  He  had  also  erected  on  the  present 
site  of  the  Crozer  Theological  Seminary  a  building 
for  a  school  of  more  general  design,  with  ample 
grounds  about  it  for  all  needful  uses.  After  his 
death,  in  the  year  1866,  the  members  of  his  family, 
in  particular  his  oldest  son,  Mr.  Samuel  A.  Crozer, 
were  moved  to  establish  on  this  site  the  present  in- 
stitution. The  edifice  already  existing  was  modi- 
fied and  adapted  to  its  new  destination ;  other 
buildings  were  added,  and  especially  separate 
houses,  ample  and  commodious,  were  provided  for 
the  residence  of  the  needed  professors.  All  this, 
with  an  endowment  fund  in  money,  adequate  to 
the  keeping  up  of  the  property  and  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  professors,  so  that  instruction  to  all 
pupils  should  be  free,  was  made  over  to  a  bo.ard 
of  trustees,  incorporated  liy  the  Legislature  April 
4,  1867. 

In  due  time  professors  were  appointed,  and  the 
school  went  into  operation,  under  the  presidency 


CROZER 


299 


CRUDUP 


of  llev.  Henry  G.  Western,  D.D.,  in  September, 
186S.  Tlie  first  class  graduated  in  1870,  since 
which  the  seminary,  by  the  successive  classes,  has 
contributed  annually  its  quota  to  the  ranl^s  of  men 
usefully  engaged  in  the  Master's  service,  in  other 
lands,  as  well  as  throu;^hout  the  wide  extent  of  our 
own.  From  its  fortunate  geographical  position, 
the  school  has  boon  conveniently  resorted  to  by  ; 
young  men  from  Ijotli  the  northern  and  the  southern 
sections  of  our  country  ;  and  the  liberality  has  not 
been  wanting  to  insure  that  all  who  had  proved 
themselves  worthij  of  aid  sliould  be  enabled  to  ac- 
complish their  course  of  stud)'. 

This  course  extends  regularly  over  a  period  of 
three  years,  and  presupposes  on  the  part  of  students 
a  collegiate  education,  or  what  is  equivalent,  for 
the  full  enjoyment  of  its  advantages.     It  includes 


constituting  a  partial  course,  occupying  two  years, 
is  provided. 

The  need  of  a  library  for  such  an  institution 
was  met  by  the  donation  of  nearly  S30.000  by 
Win.  Bucknell,  Ksq.,  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books.  His  generous  interest  in  tlie 
cause  of  ministerial  education  went  much  further, 
and  provided,  on  the  seminary  ground,  a  beau- 
tiful and  convenient  stone  building,  tire-proof, 
for  the  safe-keeping  of  the  books.  This  is  large 
enough  to  accommodate  easily  40,000  or  50,000 
volumes,  and  capable  of  extension  as  future  needs 
may  require. 

A  fund  of  $10,000  has  also  been  given  ))y  Mr. 
Samuel  A.  Crozer  to  sustain  an  annual  or  less 
frequent  course  of  lectures  to  the  seminary,  by  men 
who  may  be  selected  of  eminent  qualifications  to 


CROZER   TilEOt-OGrCAL    SEMIXARY,  CHESTER,  P.t. 


study  and  training  in  the  knowledge  of  the  Bible, 
in  all  the  historical  relations  of  the  book,  and  in  the 
interpretation  of  its  contents :  of  the  history  of  the 
cliurch,  as  the  record  of  the  life,  struggles,  and 
progress  of  Christianity  ;  the  scientific  discussion 
and  orderly  arrangement  of  the  doctrines  of  Christi- 
anity in  a  system  of  tlieology ;  and,  finally,  in  the 
theory  of  the  church,  and  of  the  ministerial  func- 
tions of  preaching  and  the  pastoral  care.  In  all 
this  teaching  and  training  it  has  constantlv  been  a 
prominent  aim  to  cultivate  at  once  a  scientific  un- 
derstan<ling  and  a  devout  and  consecrated  spirit, 
with  tact  and  practical  adaptation  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry. 

For  those  whose  age,  lack  of  previous  education, 
or  other  impediments  iiave  hindcreil  from  pursuing 
the  full  course,  a  selection  cif  important  studies, 


give  valuable  instruction  on  subjects  outside  of  the 
regular  course. 

Crudup,  Rev.  Josiah,  "as  born  in  Wake  Co., 
N.  C,  -Tan.  ').  li'.H.  llo  lived  for  some  time  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Babbitt,  master  of  the  Lewisburg 
Academy,  a  ripe  scholar,  a  devoted  Christian,  and 
a  good  teacher.  lie  was  ordained  in  August,  1813, 
Revs.  .lolin  Purefoy,  AVilliam  Lancaster,  and  Robert 
T.  Daniel  forming  the  Presbytery.  Having  been 
elected  by  his  county  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
being  refused  a  seat  in  that  body  because  he  was 
a  pastor,  his  friends  ran  him  for  Congres.s,  and  he 
served  in  that  body  in  the  session  of  1821-23.  He 
was  beaten  in  the  next  campaign  by  Hon.  W. 
P.  Manguni  by  a  very  small  majority.  Sir.  Crndup 
served  as  pastor  of  Ilopzibali,  Perry's  Chapel,  and 
other  churches,  preaching  the  gospel  for  fifty  years. 


CULPEPER 


300 


CUNNINGHAM 


He  was  a  cultivated  Christian  gentleman,  and  in 
his  prime  was  a  preacher  of  surpassing  eloquence. 
He  died  May  20,  1872. 

Culpeper,  Hon.  John,  was  born  in  Anson  Co., 
K.  C.  ill  17G1.  He  was  baptized  by  Silas  Mercer 
in  Georgia  and  at  once  began  to  preach.  Return- 
ing to  North  Carolina  while  still  young,  his  minis- 
try was  blessed  with  many  gracious  revivals.  His 
great  popularity  induced  his  friends  to  nominate 
him  for  Congress  in  order  to  defeat  an  unpopular 
incumbent.  He  was  for  many  years  a  useful  mem- 
ber of  our  National  House  of  Representatives ;  he 
was  twice  agrnt  for  the  Baptist  State  Convention 
of  North  Carolina.  He  died  in  the  seventy-sixth 
year  of  his  age  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  Rev. 
John  Culpeper,  South  Carolina. 

Culver,  Rev.  S.  W.,  was  born  in  Groton,  Conn., 
in  182.).  At  the  ageof  eighteen  he  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  his 
native  place.  His  early  studies  and  education  were 
intended  as  preparatory  to  a  course  in  medical 
science,  but  at  this  period  of  life  he  was  impressed 
with  the  call  of  God  to  the  ministry,  and  he  entered 
heartily  into  the  study  of  theology.  This  had  to 
be  temporarily  abandoned  on  account  of  alarming 
sickness.  Upon  his  recovery  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
six,  Mr.  Culver  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  His 
pastorates  have  been  Ontario  Centre,  Rhincbeck, 
Vernon,  Oneida  Co. ;  Holland  Patent,  Lowville, 
Lewis  Co. ;  Mumfoi-d,  Monroe  Co. ;  West  Henri- 
etta and  Genesco,  all  in  New  York  State.  His 
life  has  been  one  of  great  activity  in  the  pastorate 
and  in  the  field  of  literature.  As  a  preacher  he 
was  loyal  to  truth,  seeking  the  presentation  of  cor- 
rect principles  rather  than  popular  approval,  logical 
rather  than  emotional,  with  a  good  command  of 
language,  and  with  a  style  of  much  elegance  and 
force.  He  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
denomination.al  papers ;  he  is  the  author  of  a  vol- 
ume entitled  "Crowned  and  Discrowned,"  and  he 
has  in  course  of  publication  two  new  works. 

Cummings,  E.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Claremont, 
N.  II.,  Nov.  0,  isoo.  Ilis  early  education  he  ob- 
tained in  the  district  school  of  his  native  place.  He 
joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Claremont  in  1821. 
His  college  course  was  pursued  at  Waterville, 
Me.,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1828. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Salisbury,  Sept.  17,  1828.  Here  he  remained  until 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Concord,  N.  H.,  where  he  commenced  his  labors 
March  2,  1832,  and  continued  them  until  Jan.  11, 
1854,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Pleasant  Street 
church  in  Concord,  and  remained  in  that  position 
for  ten  years.  For  thirty-two  years  he  served  in 
the  Baptist  ministry  in  Concord.  Dr.  Cummings 
has  published  several  sermons,  and  has  now  in 
manuscript  "  The  Baptist  Ministry  of  New  Hamp- 


shire for  the  First  Century  of  our  History."  It  is 
after  the  plan  of  Dr.  Spragues  "  Annals."  He 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from 
Dartmouth  College  in   1855.     In  the  educational 


E.  E.  CUMMIJJGS,  B.D. 

institutions  of  the  Baptists  of  New  Hampshire  he 
has  had  a  personal  interest.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  New  London  Institu- 
tion from  its  beginning,  and  is  a  trustee  of  Colby 
University.     He  still  resides  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

Cunningham,  Rev.  Richard,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  in  1812  ;  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  Ilorton  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Harding ;  commenced 
preaching  in  1828:  was  ordained  pastor  of  A\  ilmot 
Mountain  church  JIarch  25,  1829,  wherehe  laliored 
usefully  for  about  twenty  years;  subsequently  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Digby,  Nova 
Scotia.  Iledied  Jan.  15, 1858.  He  had  a  keen  mind; 
he  was  a  good  theologian  and  an  effective  preacher. 

Cunningham,  Rev.  V.  G.,  the  gifted  young 
Baptist  pastor  in  the  old  French  town  of  Natchi- 
toches, in  Louisiana,  was  born  in  Caddo  Parish, 
La.,  in  1844.  lie  received  his  classical  educa- 
tion in  Homer  Male  Academy  and  Mount  Leb- 
anon University.  He  began  to  preach  in  1867,  and 
was  ordained  ,as  pa.stor  at  Caldwell,  Texas,  in 
1868.  Subsequently  he  entered  Waco  University, 
where  he  graduated  in  1871.  In  1878  he  returned 
to  Louisiana,  and  began  to  preach  at  Natchitoches, 
where  he  found  a  few  unorganized  Baptists. 
These  he  gathered  into  a  church  and  began  to  hold 
regular  services.  Others  have  been  added,  and  the 
little  body  now  numbers  35,  with  a  Sunday-school 
and  weekly  prayer-meeting,  with  a  neat  house  of 


CURREY 


301 


CURRY 


worsliip  in  course  of  construction.  Mr.  Cunnin'j;- 
haui  is  piirtly  sustained  in  his  worlc  by  the  State 
Convention. 

Currey,  Hon.  Samuel,  was  born  near  Fred- 
ericton.  Nova  Scotia,  Oct.  12,  1800.  He  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  at  South  Readinj;,  and 
joined  the  Sophomore  class  in  Brown  University 
in  1832.  He  graduated  in  1.S35.  Having  studied 
law,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  21,  1837,  and 
opened  an  office  in  Providence,  which  was  his  resi- 
dence during  his  professional  life.  He  had  a  large 
practice,  no  small  part  of  it  in  the  higher  courts, 
not  only  of  several  States,  but  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  served  either  as  a  representative  or  senator  in 
the  General  Assembly  of  Khode  Island.  Mr.  Currey 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Providence.     He  died  Feb.  28,  1878. 

Curry,  Prof.  J.  L.  M.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born 
in  Lincoln  Co.,  Ga.,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  re- 
moved to  Alabama.     Upon  his  father's  estate  he 


PROF.  J.    I..    M.   (TRIIV,    D.D.,    I.L.D. 

grew  up  to  manhood,  when  he  became  the  owner 
of  a  cotton  plantation,  which  he  managed  with  suc- 
cess. In  1843  he  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Georgia,  and  in  1845  completed  his  legal  course 
at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  having  as  class- 
mates President  Hayes,  of  Ohio,  Anson  Burlin- 
ganie,  and  others  distinguished  in  the  cnuncils  of  the 
nation.  In  1846  he  served  in  the  Mexican  war  with 
Hays's  Texan  Rangers.  Returning  from  Mexico, 
he  represented  Talladega  County  for  several  years 
in  the  Alabama  Legislature.  He  also  represented 
his  district  in  the  35th  and  36th  Congress,  in  which 


were  such  men  as  Lamar,  Stephens,  Cnx,  Conkling, 
Adams,  and  Sherman.  Mr.  Curry's  first  speech  in 
Congress,  delivered  Feb.  23,  1858,  in  favor  of  the 
admission  of  Kansas  under  the  Lecompton  consti- 
tution, established  his  reputation  as  an  orator. 
During  his  terms  of  service  in  Congress  he  made 
several  forcible  speeches  on  current  national  rjues- 
tions,  and  always  held  the  earnest  attention  of  the 
House.  On  the  secession  of  Alabama,  he  was  ap- 
pointed in  1861,  by  the  convention  of  that  State,  a 
deputy  to  the  Southern  Convention,  which  met  in 
Montgomery  in  February  of  that  year.  In  August, 
1861,  Mr.  Curry  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  first 
regular  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States  from 
the  fourth  Congressional  district  of  Alabama.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce,  and 
at  one  time  Speaker  pro  tempore.  The  address  to 
the  people  of  the  Confederate  States,  signed  by 
every  member  of  Congress,  was  the  production  of 
his  pen.  Upon  the  adjournment  of  Congress,  he 
joined  the  army  of  Gen.  J.  E.  .Johnston,  then  in 
Georgia,  and  served  in  various  capacities  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  In  1865  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  Howard  College,  Ala.,  and  in  1868,  Pro- 
fessor of  English  in  Richmond  College,  Va.,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  In  addition  to  the  school 
iif  English,  Prof  Curry  liolds  that  of  Philosophy, 
teaching  Logic,  and  Mental  and  Moral  Science. 
For  several  years  he  also  gave  lectures  in  the  Law 
School  on  Constitutional  and  International  Law. 
He  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  public  schools  ar.d 
of  higher  education,  and  has  made  more  addresses 
in  behalf  of  education  than,  perhaps,  any  other  man 
in  Virginia.  In  the  recent  effort  to  endow  Rich- 
mond College,  he  traveled  over  a  great  part  of  the 
entire  State,  and  aroused  an  enthusiasm  in  behalf 
of  that  institution  the  like  of  which  has  never  been 
enlisted  in  behalf  of  any  other  college  in  the  country. 
Nor  should  his  masterly  address  before  the  Evan- 
gelical Alliance  be  forgotten,  in  which  he  urged  the 
complete  separation  of  church  and  state,  and  which 
wa-s  reprinted  and  distributed  in  England  by  the 
disestablishment  party.  Prof.  Curry,  although  a 
clergyman,  h.as  never  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  be- 
come a  permanent  pastor  of  any  church.  He 
preaches,  however,  whenever  and  wherever  occa- 
sion calls  for  his  services,  and  the  large  congrega- 
tions which  assemble  when  he  officiates  attest  his 
high  excellence  and  deserved  reputation  as  a  pulpit 
orator.  Dr.  Curry  is  closely  identified  with  all  de- 
nominational enterprises.  He  served  as  clerk  and 
afterwards  as  moderator  of  the  Coosa  Association, 
of  Alabama ;  was  president  of  the  .\labama  Slate 
Convention  :  president  of  the  National  Baptist 
Sunday-School  Convention,  of  Cincinnati,  and  is 
now  president  of  the  General  Association  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  a  trustee  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo- 
logical  Seminary.     He  is  a  frequent  contributor 


CVRRT 


302 


CURTIS 


to  our  relijiioiis  papers,  and  i.  at  present  writing 
an  interestini;  series  of  articles  on  Government, 
in  course  of  publication  in  the  Religious  Herald. 
In  1807  Mercer  University.  Ga.,  conferred  on  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.,  and  in  1871  Itocli- 
ester  University  the  deirree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Curry's 
present  wife  was  Miss  May  W.  Thomas,  daujjhter 
of  James  Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Richmond.  She  is  the 
very  successful  teacher  of  the  infant  class  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  that  city.  It  numbers  fnihi 
180  to  225  pupils,  and  is  .said  to  bo  by  the  Sundai/- 
School  Times  the  best  conducted  infant  class  its 
editor  has  ever  seen. 

Curry,  Rev.  W.  G.,  son  of  Allen  II.  Curry,  was 
born  in  Monroe  Co.,  Ala.,  Sept.  11,  1843;  was 
baptized  in  18.58,  at  fourteen  years  of  age  ;  re- 
moved to  Louisiana  the  same  year,  and  was  there 
licensed  to  preach  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  spent 
some  tiiHC  at  school  in  that  State;  returned  to  Al- 
abama in  1800,  and  entered  school  at  the  Newtown 
Academy,  and  obtained  a  liberal  education  ;  in 
1861  entered  the  Confederate  ai-my  as  a  volunteer, 
and  served  as  a  private  soldier  two  years,  when, 
"in  consideration  of  a  faithful  discharge  of  duty," 
he  was  made  chaplain  of  the  5th  Alabama  Regi- 
ment, in  which  capacity  he  served  to  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  while 
in  the  army,  at  Orange  Court-IIouse,  Va.,  by  order 
of  the  Pineville  church  in  Alabama,  of  which  he 
was  a  member,  Drs.  Qnarles,  J.  W.  Jones,  W.  F. 
Broadus,  and  Rev.  Sir.  Marshall  acting  as  the 
Presbytery.  On  returning  home  he  became  pastor 
of  Monroeville.  Bcllville,  Pineville,  and  Bethany 
churches,  a  relation  which  he  sustained  with  emi- 
nent success  until  ho  undertook  the  work  of  evan- 
gelist, in  1877.  under  appointment  of  the  Alabama 
State  Mission  Board,  in  which  position  he  rendered 
most  successful  service  for  two  years.  After  this 
he  retuineil  to  the  pastorate  at  Snow  Hill,  Ala. 
Mr.  Curry  is  a  fluent  speaker  and  a  gifted  preacher. 
He  is  one  of  our  most  trusted  pastors,  and  he  is 
still  growing  in  all  the  elements  of  ministerial 
power. 

Curtis,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Stoughton, 
Mass.,  I'l'l).  17,  1782.  lie  prepared  for  college  un- 
der Uev.  William  Williams,  of  Wrentham,  Mass., 
and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class 
of  1808.  For  thirteen  years  he  was  pastor  of 
the  Coventry  and  Warwick  churches  in  Rhode 
Island.  Subsequently  he  was  the  pastor  of  sev- 
eral other  churches  in  Massachusetts  and  Rhode 
Island.  For  sixty  years  he  was  a  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  and  served  his  Master  faithfully  in  his  vo- 
cation. 

Curtis,  Rev.  Henry,  was  liorn  in  Illston,  Leices- 
tershire, England.  Oct.  11,  1800.  In  1812  his 
parents  emigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in 
Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.      In   the  same    year  both    his 


parents  died,  and  at  the  age  of  si.xtecn  he  went  to 
the  city  of  New  York,  and  there,  under  the  labors 
of  Rev.  John  Williams,  he  was  led  to  Christ,  and 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Oliver  Street 
Baptist  church.  He  was  licensed  March  10,  1824, 
by  this  church,  then  under  the  joint  pastorates  of 
the  venerable  Williams  and  the  Rev.  S.  II.  Cone. 
On  the  13th  of  .March  he  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza 
Banning.  He  was  ordained  at  Ilarpersville  in  the 
same  year.  In  1832  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Bethany  and  Ciinaan,  now  called  the  Clinton 
church,  whose  interests  as  pastor  he  served  fourteen 
years.  Here  he  preached  his  first  sermon  in  this 
State,  and  in  its  fellowship  he  remaineii  until  his 
death.  For  thirty-five  years  he  labored  in  Wayne 
County,  and  thirteen  churches  were  during  this 
period  built  up  under  his  pastoral  care,  while  a 
vast  amount  of  missionary  Ial)or  fell  to  his  lot.  His 
baptisms  exceeded  1000.  No  condition  of  weather 
or  of  roads  prevented  him  from  meeting  his  engage- 
ments, liowovcr  distant. 

Brother  Curtis  possessed  more  than  ordinary 
ability.  Ilis  minri  was  active  and  clear,  his  con- 
clusions formed  with  marked  care,  and  his  convic- 
tions firm  and  immovable.  Courteous  and  gentle- 
manly in  his  manners,  he  became  a  wise  counselor 
and  an  able  preacher.  It  may  here  be  noted  that 
his  earliest  religious  impressions  sprung  from  the 
closet  prayer  of  a  mother,  "  Oh,  shadow  us  under 
the  wings  of  a  precious  Jesus."  His  latest  expe- 
rience in  life  was  the  cry,  "Oh,  yes.  God  is  my 
rock;"  "I  know  whom  I  have  l)elieved  ;'"  "I 
desire  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ :"  "  The  first  I 
wish  to  greet  in  heaven  is  Jesus,  the  next  is  my 
mother,  for  she  led  me  to  him."  Four  sons  and 
two  daughters  were  baptized  by  this  revered  father, 
and  these  all  continue  active  members  of  the  de- 
nomination, honiiring  the  various  spheres  of  life  to 
which  Ciud  has  called  thein. 

Curtis,  Rev.  Richard,  the  younger  of  two  of 
the  same  name  wlio  led  a  Baptist  colony  into  South- 
west Mississippi,  was  born  either  in  Virginia  or 
South  Carolina  about  1750.  With  his  company  of 
Baptists  he  settled  on  Cole's  Creek,  near  Natchez, 
in  1780,  and  shortly  after  constituted  Salem  church. 
He  was  then  a  licensed  preacher.  The  country  in 
1783  passed  for  a  time  under  the  government  of 
Spain,  and  he  soon  incurred  the  displeasure  of  ihe 
authorities  and  w.ts  compelled  to  fly  from  persecu- 
tion. He  went  back  to  South  Carolina,  where  he 
remained  nearly  three  years,  during  which  he  was 
ordained.  He  then  returned  to  Mississipjii  and 
renewed  his  labors.  He  was  joined  by  a  luimber 
of  young  ministers,  by  whom  several  churches  were 
gathered,  and  which  were  organized  into  an  Asso- 
ciation in  1800.  He  died  Oct.  28.  1811,  shortly 
after  attending  the  meeting  of  the  Association. 

Curtis,  Thomas,  D.D. — This  distinguished  di- 


CUKTISS 


303 


CUSHMAN 


vine  was  a.  native  of  England.  He  came  to  this 
country  about  1845,  being  then  over  fifty  years  of 
age.  Having  preached  with  great  acceptance  for 
some  time  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  he  and  his  son, 
Wni.  Curtis,  D.D.,  purchased  Lime.stone  Spring, 
■nliich  hiid  been  fitted  up  for  a  watering-place,  and 
established  a  school  for  young  lailies,  which,  for 
Client  and  thoroughness  of  instruction,  has  prol>- 
ably  never  been  surpassed  and  seldom  equaled  in 
the  South.  The  number  of  pupils  ranged  from  150 
to  2*30.  He  was  a  man  of  sound  learning.  He 
lost  liis  life  on  a  steamer  that  was  burnt  on  the 
Potoiiiur'  in  185S. 

Curtiss,  Rev.  Emory,  was  born  in  Midillebury, 
Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  26,  1812;  was  baptized 
by  Kev.  Joseph  Elliott  in  September,  1830.  He 
was  urged  almost  immediately  after  his  conversion 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  but  not  recognizing  the 
call  us  from  God  he  engaged  in  teaching  for  several 
years.  In  1834,  however,  the  way  seemed  plain 
before  him,  and  he  began  to  study  theology  with 
his  pastor  and  to  preach  as  opportunity  offered. 
In  January,  1836.  he  was  ordained  at  Morgan ville, 
N.  Y.,  and  immediately  found  evidence  of  God's 
approval  in  a  precious  revival.  In  April.  1837,  he 
was  appointed  a  missionary  by  the  New  York  State 
Convention  to  labor  in  Erie  County.  He  filled  this 
appointment  for  four  years,  and  then  went  to  Michi- 
gan, where,  with  a  brief  exception,  his  ministry 
has  since  been  exercised.  In  Redford  for  ten  years, 
in  Ypsilanti  for  three  years,  in  Niles  for  eight 
years,  in  Greenville  for  six  years,  with  shorter 
terms  of  service  in  Coldwater,  Hastings,  and  Stur- 
gis,  he  has  enjoyed  large  success  as  a  winner  of 
souls,  and  has  been  eminent  among  his  brethren 
for  the  harmony  of  his  pastoral  relations. 

From  1862  till  1866,  he  was  not  engaged  iis  a 
pastor,  having  removed  to  Kalamazoo  with  refer- 
ence to  the  education  of  his  son,  and  being  also 
connected  with  the  Michigan  Christian  Herald  as 
proprietor  and  publisher.  The  son,  his  last  sur- 
viving child,  died  in  1864,  and  the  father  sought  at 
once  to  become  a  pastor  again,  but  the  paper  held 
him  longer  than  he  intended,  and  it  was  not  till 
1866  that  he  resumed  pastoral  service. 

In  March,  1871,  Mr.  Curtiss  yielded  to  the  re- 
peated solicitation  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  to  perform  service  in  Oregon  and 
Washington  Territory  as  a  general  missionary. 
After  less  than  two  years"  work  the  failure  of  his 
voice  compelled  him  to  withdraw  from  it,  but  he 
had  labored  with  zeal  and  success,  had  aided  in 
the  organization  of  sixteen  churches,  and  the  erec- 
tion and  dedication  of  eight  houses  of  worship. 
Ilis  health  did  not  allow  him  to  resume  full  duty 
till  .Inly,  1ST4.      He  is  now  pastor  in  Lapeer. 

Cushman,  Rev.  Elisha,  sonof  Elishaand  Lydia 
(Fuller)   Cushman.  was  born  in   Kingston.  Mass.. 


May  2,  1788  ;  he  was  a  descendant  of  Robert  Cush- 
man, a  Pilgrim  father ;  was  converted  in  1808  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Kingston,  under 
Rev.  Samuel  Grover;  studied  for  the  ministry; 
preached  in  Grafton,  Mass.,  and  in  Providence, 
R.  I. ;  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  June  10,  1813,  and  remained 
till  1825;  was  prominent  in  all  public  affairs;  as- 
sisted in  establishing,  in  1814,  the  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Society,  and  was  corresponding  secretary 
till  1S22,  when  it  was  reorganized  under  the  name 
of  the  Baptist  Convention,  of  which  he  became 
a  trustee,  and,  finally,  president  from  1830  to 
]S?A  ;  in  1822,  when  Mr.  Philemon  Canfield  started 
the  Christian  Secretary,  the  first  Baptist  paper 
in  Connecticut,  he  became  editor;  in  1824  re- 
ceived the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale 
College ;  a  member  of  the  corporation  of  Trinity 
College ;  in  1825  settled  with  the  New  Market 
Street  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia:  in  1829 
returned  to  Connecticut  and  settled  in  Stratfield 
till  1831,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  New  Ilavcn  ;  in  1835  removed  to  Plym- 
outh. Mass.,  but  from  failing  health  returned  in 
1838  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  to  resume  the  editorship 
of  the  Christian  Seaetary ;  published  numerous 
addresses  and  sermons ;  a  noble,  effective  man. 
Died  in  Hartford.  Oct.  21).  1838,  aged  fifty  years. 

Cushman,  Rev.  Elisha,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  Elisha, 
w.'is  born  in  Hartford,  Conn..  .July  4,  1813;  learned 
the  printer's  art,  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Chris- 
tian Secretary  uw\eT  Deacon  P.  Canfield,  and  worked 
from  1831  to  1836  ;  in  1836,  with  Isaac  BoUes,  be- 
gan the  publication  of  the  Northern  Courier  (finally 
called  the  Hartford  Courier),  a  paper  of  talent  and 
racy  wit.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1838,  he 
published  the  Christian  Secretary.  He  was  con- 
verted in  1839  and  baptized  by  Kev.  G.  S.  Eaton  ; 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford;  was 
licensed  to  preach,  and  ordained  in  1840  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Willington,  Conn.  ;  ill 
health  induced  his  resignation  in  1845  ;  returned 
to  Hartford  and  supplied  the  Baptist  church  in 
New  Britain  ;  in  1847  settled  with  the  church  at 
Deep  River,  Conn.,  and  remained  there  twelve 
years  ;  in  18.19  he  became  pastor  of  a  new  church 
in  West  Hartford,  and  remained  till  1862,  when  he 
took  charge  of  t)ie  Christian  Secretary,  and  re- 
tained it  till  his  death,  .acting  a.s  occasional  supply 
also  to  needy  churches.  For  many  years  he  was 
the  able  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Baptist  State 
Convention  ;  a  ready  speaker  and  equally  ready 
writer ;  an  extensive  reader,  with  a  retentive 
memory  :  a  man  of  the  sweetest  spirit,  yet  firm  in 
opinion  and  utterance.  He  died  in  Hartford,  .Jan. 
4,  1876,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Cushman,  Robert  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Wool- 
wich, Me..  April  }0,  1800.     His  parents  died  when 


cusris 


304 


CUTHBERT 


he  was  a  child.  He  became  a  Christian  wlien  he 
was  sixteen  years  of  iv^e,  and  decided  to  enter  the 
ministry.  lie  pursued  his  studies  at  Columbian 
CoIle<;e,  Wasliington,  graduating  in  the  class  of 
1825.  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Poughkeopsic,  N.  Y.,  in  August,  1S2G. 
After  three  years  of  labor  there,  desiring  a  milder 
climate,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he 
opened  a  school  for  the  education  of  young  ladies, 
which  was  called  the  "  Cushman  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute." He  reniiiiiied  in  charge  of  it  until  .1841, 
when  he  received  a  call  from  the  Bowdoin  Square 
church  in  Boston.  He  continued  in  this  position 
for  six  years,  and  then  removed  to  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  started  an  institution  similar  in  character 
to  the  one  of  which  lie  was  the  originator  in  Phil- 
adelphia. A  few  years  having  been  devoted  to  this 
work,  he  returned  to  Boston,  and  for  some  time 
was  at  the  head  of  the  "  Mount  Vernon  Ladies' 
School,"  supplying  meanwhile  the  pulpit  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  His 
last  years  were  passed  at  a  rural  home  which  he 
had  purchased  in  what  is  now  Wakefield,  Mass., 
where  he  died  April  7,  ll^f)8. 

It  was  justly  said  of  Dr.  Cushman  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  "  Thus  has  fallen,  in  ripeness  of  years 
and  Christian  character,  one  of  the  most  widely 
known,  intelligent,  and  fiiithful  in  the  ranks  of  our 
ministry.  He  was  throughout  a  consistent  Baptist, 
firm  and  unwavering  in  fidelity  to  every  principle, 
an  able  defender  of  his  denominational  polity.  If 
'blessings  brighten  as  they  take  their  flight,'  his 
friends  may  be  happy  in  the  assurance  that  his 
merits  will  hereafter  be  appreciated  and  acknowl- 
edged, and  he  will  he  reckoned  a  star  in  the  firma- 
ment of  our  Zion." 

Custis,  J.  W.,  D.D.,  is  a  descendant  of  the  well- 
known  Custis  family  of  Acconiao  Co.,  Va.,  and  wns 
born  in  Washington,  D.  C.  In  \%f>b,  at  the  early 
age  of  twelve  years,  he  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of 
that  city.  Ilis  parents  being  members  of  the  E 
Street  church,  his  membership  was  afterwards  re- 
moved thither.  From  the  time  of  his  conversion 
he  attracted  the  attention  of  his  pastor.  Rev.  Isaac 
Cole,  by  his  youthful  zeal,  and  was  encouraged  to 
look  forward  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In 
changing  his  church  relations  he  had  the  happiness 
of  receiving  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Sam- 
son, D.D.,  an  ardent  friend  of  the  young,  who  took 
a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  Mr.  Custis.  In 
1856  he  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Columbian  College,  and  pursued  the  regular  course, 
having  in  view  the  profession  of  law.  Gradually, 
and  after  some  years,  he  was  led  to  turn  his  atten- 
tion to  the  ministry.  He  spent  two  years  in  the 
university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  then  returned  to 
Columbian  College,  and  graduated  June,  1865.    In 


the  same  month  he  was  ordained  in  the  Broad  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  to  which  lii.s  membership  had 
been  removed  two  years  previously.  After  spending 
nearly  a  year  laboring  with  the  church  in  Hudson 
City,  N.  J.,  he  accepted  a  call  to  Bordentown  in  the 
same  State.  His  pastorate  of  nearly  four  years  was 
very  successful.  He  then  removed  to  I'liiladelphia, 
becoming  pastorof  the  Spruce  Street  Baptistcliurcli, 
where  like  success  attended  his  ministry.  In  1875, 
against  the  wishes  of  the  church,  he  resigned  and 
went  to  Chicago,  accepting  a  call  to  the  Michigan 
Avenue  church.  In  1877  the  University  of  Chicago 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity.  The  rigor  of  the  climate  soon  broke 
down  his  health,  and,  under  the  advice  of  his  phy- 
sician, he  returned  East  and  became  pastor  of  the 
Tabernacle  church,  Utica,  N.  Y.  Dr.  Custis  is  a 
close  student  and  an  able  preacher. 

Cuthbert,  James  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1823,  in  Beaufort.  S.  C,  being  the  eldest  son  of 


J.\J1ES    U.  CUTlli;lil(T,   D.I). 

Lucius  and  Charlotte  Fuller  Cuthbert.  His  earliest 
school  days  were  spent  at  Beaufort  College,  where 
he  remained  until  1839.  He  then  entered  the 
Sophomore  cla.ss  of  Columbia  College,  S.  C,  at  that 
time  under  the  presidency  of  the  highly  gifted 
Robert  W.  Barnwell.  In  1S41  he  went  to  Prince- 
ton College,  N.  J.,  entering  the  Junior  class,  and 
remaining  until  his  graduation  in  1843,  on  which 
occasion  he  was  selected  as  one  of  the  class  orators. 
From  Princeton  he  returned  home  with  the  inten- 
tion of  studying  law,  but  being  converted  under 
the  preaching  of  his  uncle,  Dr.  Richard  Fuller, 
in  the  spring  of  1844,  he  determined  to  devote  his 


CUTHBERT 


305 


CUTTING 


life  to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel.  After  three 
years'  stiuiy  with  Dr.  Fuller  lie  was  ordained  at 
Charleston  in  1847,  and  became  at  once  the  as- 
sistant pastor  of  the  Wentworth  Street  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  then  under  the  pastorate  of 
Dr.  Fuller.  On  Dr.  Fuller's  being  called  to  Balti- 
more to  take  charge  of  the  Seventh  IJaptist  church 
of  that  city,  Mr.  Cuthbert  was  chosen  pastor,  and 
continued  in  that  relation  until  1855.  While  pastor 
here  he  was  married  to  Miss  Julia  Elizabeth  Tur- 
pin,  of  Augusta,  Ga.  In  1855  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  then 
located  in  Lagrange  Place,  which  soon  afterwards 
removed  to  its  present  location  at  Broad  and  Arch 
Streets.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Augusta,  (Ja., 
being  without  any  pastoral  charge  for  about  a  year. 
In  18G2  he  became  pastor  of  Kollock  Street  church, 
with  which  he  remained  until  1865,  when  ho  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  Green  Street  Baptist 
church  of  that  city,  and  ministered  to  it  for  four 
years.  In  1869  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Washington,  D.  C,  where 
lie  still  labors.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Wake  Forest  College, 
N.  C. 

Dr.  Cuthbert  has  made  several  valuable  contri- 
butions to  Baptist  literature.  He  has  written  occa- 
sionally for  the  Baptist  Quarterly,  and  published 
in  1878  a  very  interesting  biography  of  his  distin- 
guished relative,  Dr.  Fuller.  His  style  is  easy  and 
graceful,  and  the  book  is  prepared  with  excellent 
taste.  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Cuthbert  is  earnest  and 
impressive,  reminding  one  frequently  by  his  ap- 
pearance and  the  tones  of  his  voice  of  Dr.  Fuller. 
As  a  man,  Dr.  Cuthbert  is  among  the  few  who  are 
without  stain  or  reproach. 

Cuthbert,  Rev.  Lucius,  is  a  native  of  Beaufort, 
S.  ('.,  a  brother  of  Dr.  -J.  H.  Cuthbert,  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  a  nephew  of  the  late  Dr.  Richard 
Fuller,  of  Baltimore.  lie  was  for  some  time  pastor 
of  the  Citadel  Square  Baptist  church  of  Charleston, 
S.  C,  but  failing  health  compelled  his  retreat  to 
Aiken,  S.  C,  where  he  has  spent  nearly  thirty 
years  in  the  Master's  service.  The  churches  of 
which  he  is  pastor  regard  him  with  ailiniratioii  and 
love,  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  cherish  hiin  in 
their  hearts,  and  the  providence  and  Spirit  of  God 
have  bestowed  their  blessings  liberally  upon  his 
liome,  heart,  and  ministry. 

Cutting,  Sewell  S.,  D.D.,  w.as  born  at  Windsor, 
Vt.,  Jan.  19,  1813.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Wcstport, 
N.  Y.  When  a  child  he  commenced  the  study  of 
Latin,  and  purposed  to  enter  the  legal  profession. 
l)efore  he  was  sixteen  he  became  a  student  of  law, 
but  at  seventeen  ho  concluded  to  enter  the  iiiinistry. 
lie  completed  his  preparation  for  college  at  South 
Heading,  Mass.,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age 


he  entered  AVaterville  College.  After  studying  two 
years  in  that  institution  he  went  to  the  University 
of  Vermont.  In  it  he  had  the  instruction  of  able 
educators,  and  he  was  graduated  with  the  highest 
honors.  From  it  he  received  all  his  degrees.  Ill 
health  forced  hiiu  to  leave  college  before  the  day 
for  graduation,  and  to  relinquish  his  design  to 
pursue  a  regular  theological  course,  and  on  JMarch 
31,  1836,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Soon  after  lie 
accepted  a  call  to  Southbridge,  Mass.,  as  successor 
to  Dr.  Binney,  the  distinguished  missionary,  where 
he  remained  eight  years.  In  1845  he  was  called 
to  edit  The  Bajitht  Adrocnte  in  New  York,  which 
position  he  accepted  and  changed  its  name  to  The 
New  York  Recorder.  He  found  the  paper  in  a  de- 
pressed condition,  and  organized  a  new  departure 
not  only  in  name  but  in  everything  that  goes  to 
make  a  successful  religious  journal.  He  succeeded, 
bought  the  paper,  and  immediately  sold  it  to  Rev. 
Lewis  Colby,  a  publisher,  who  sold  a  share  of  it 
to  Rev.  Joseph  Ballard.  The  subscriptions  in- 
creased rapidly,  and  the  paper  began  to  exert  a 
great  power  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  Bap- 
tist denomination.  In  18.')0  it  was  sold  to  Martin 
B.  Anderson,  LL.D.,  and  .J.  S.  Dickerson,  D.D., 
and  Dr.  Cutting  retired.  This  occurred  just  at  the 
crisis  of  the  revision  controversy  and  the  formation 
of  the  American  Bible  Union.  He  was  elected 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  American  and  For- 
eign Bible  Society,  accepted  it  provisionally,  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  discussions  between 
the  two  societies.  In  1851  he  accepted  an  editorial 
position  on  the  Watihman  and  Reflector,  of  Boston. 
In  1849  he  became  the  editor  of  The  Christian  Re- 
tneio,  which  he  conducted  until  1852.  In  1853, 
Dr.  Andenson  was  called  to  the  presidency  of 
Rochester  University,  and  Dr.  Cutting  was  sum- 
moned back  to  edit  the  Recorder.  In  1855.  Dr. 
Cutting  and  Dr.  Edward  Bright  bought  the  New 
York  Baptist  Register,  consolidated  it  with  the 
Recorder,  and  founded  The  Examiner.  He  then 
accepted  the  professorship  of  Rhetoric  and  of 
History  in  the  University  of  Rochester,  which 
chair  he  filled  till  1868,  when  he  resigned  to 
.accept  the  secretaryship  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Educational  Commission.  In  1879,  he  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  and  after  a  year's  service  he 
went  to  Europe  to  find  needed  rest.  His  "Strug- 
gles and  Triumphs  of  Religious  Liberty,"  and  his 
"  Historical  Tiiulications."  with  notes  and  appen- 
dices, have  been  widely  read.  He  compiled  a  hymn- 
book  for  the  vestry  and  fireside.  Many  of  his 
discourses  and  some  of  his  poems  have  been  pub- 
lished. Dr.  Cutting  is  a  clear  thinker,  a  scholarly 
writer,  and  one  of  the  ablest  men  in  the  American 
ministrv. 


DABRS 


306 


DALLAS 


D. 


Dabbs,  Rev.  Richard,  was  lioi-n  in  C'liarlotte 
Co.,  Va.,  date  unknown.  He  became  pious  in  early 
life,  but  did  not  enter  the  ministry  until  several 
years  after  his  conversion.  His  first  pastorate  was 
with  the  Ash  Camp  church,  Charlotte  County.  He 
delighted  to  visit  Associational  and  other  large 
meetings  of  his  brethren.  His  excursions  were 
very  numerous  and  extensive.  He  was  in  the  habit 
of  visiting  those  parts  of  the  country  where  Baptist 
churches  had  not  been  constituted,  or  where  they 
were  feeble  and  declining.  Among  the  happy  re- 
sults of  these  effurts  may  be  mentioned  the  origin 
of  the  Uaptist  church  in  Petersburg,  Va.  It  was 
chiefly  through  his  influence  that  the  few  Baptists 
in  that  place  were  induced  to  unite  under  a  regular 
constitution  and  to  make  exertions  for  the  erection 
"fa  house  of  worship.  In  1820  he  spent  one-fourth 
of  his  time,  a  portion  of  the  year,  in  assisting  to 
supply  with  preaching  the  church  in  Lynchburg, 
Va.  His  ministry  there  was  very  popular.  Closing 
his  labors  in  Lynchljurg,  lie  came  to  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  where  he  was  very  successful  in  build- 
ing up  the  Baptist  cause.  Here  he  closed  a  useful 
life.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  very  attractive. 
With  a  musical  voice  and  a  happy  faculty  of  illus- 
tration, he  rarely,  if  ever,  addressed  a  small  congre- 
gation. He  died  on  the  21st  day  of  M.ay,  182o,  in 
full  assurance  of  a  blessed  immortality,  honored 
and  respected  by  all. 

Dagg,  Jolm  L.,  D.D. — Among  the  most  distin- 
guished iiii'n  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
United  States,  Dr.  Dagg  of  right  holds  a  place.  He 
was  born  at  Middleburg,  Loudon  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  13, 
1794.  He  was  early  the  subject  of  religious  im- 
pressions, and  he  said  to  the  writer,  "  I  obtained  a 
joyful  .sense  of  acceptance  with  God  on  my  birth- 
day in  1809.''  He  was  baptized  in  1813;  began  to 
preach  in  1810;  was  ordained  in  1817;  preached 
to  several  churches  in  Virginia,  and  in  182Jaccepted 
.a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Fifih  Baptist  church 
in  the  city  of  Philadelphia;  in  18.33  he  retired  from 
the  pastorate  with  diseased  throat,  .and  in  the  fol- 
lowing spring  his  voice  so  failed  that  he  was  unable 
to  preach,  .and  for  a  considerable  time  could  not 
speak  above  a  whisper,  and  it  has  l)een  so  weak 
ever  since  that  he  h.as  never  been  able  to  return  to 
regular  service  as  a  minister.  Eminent  as  had 
been  his  ministry,  the  Lord  had  other  ways  for  liim 
to  serve  with  still  greater  usefulness.     In  1836  he 


removed  to  Tuscaloosa,  and  took  charge  of  the 
"Alabama  Female  Athencum,"'  and  in  1844  to 
Penfield,  (ja.,  as  president  of  Mercer  University, 
where  he  also  gave  instruction  in  theology.  Many 
of  the  best  ministers  in  Georgia  and  otlier  States 
cherish  the  most  grateful  recollections  of  his  great 
worth  to  them  while  in  that  position.  The  twelve 
years  of  his  presidency  comprised  perhaps  the 
brightest  period  of  the  brilliant  history  of  grand 
old  Mercer  University.  In  1856  he  retired  from 
that  institution  with  the  purpose,  while  bearing  the 
pressure  of  infirmities  and  advancing  age.  of  serv- 
ing the  cause  of  Christ  by  the  use  of  his  gifted 
pen,  and  thousands  can  rise  up  and  call  him  blessed 
\  in  testimony  of  the  happy  way  in  which  he  has 
j  carried  out  that  purpose. 

I       His  "  Manual  of  Theology"  appeared   in   18,^7, 
1  "Treatise   on  Church  Order'  in  18.58,  "Elements 
of  Moral  Science"  in  1859,  "Evidences  of  Christi- 
anity"  in   1868.     The.se  arc   liis  great  works,  and 
they  will  bear  comparison  with  any  other  American 
I  books  on  the  same  subjects.     In  addition  to  these, 
[  a  discussion  on  baptism  with  the  Rev.  David  Jones, 
which  appeared   in  letters  in  the  Chris/ian  Jmlex, 
was  put  in  book-form  by  the  Baptist  General  Tract 
Society. 

His  pamphlets  are  "The  More  Excellent  Way," 
"  An  Interpretation  of  John  iii.  5,"  "  An  Essay  in 
Defense  of  Strict  Communion,"  "A  Decisive  Ar- 
gument against  Infant  Baptism,  furnished  by  one 
of  its  own  Proof-texts." 

He  has  for  many  years  been  regarded  as  one  of 
our  wisest,  most  profound,  most  critical,  and  safest 
newspaper  writers.  Our  venerable  and  learned 
brethren  have  watched  the  productions  of  his  pen 
with  marks  of  the  highest  regard. 

Dr.  Dagg,  in  great  age  and  with  many  infirmi- 
ties, still  lives  (1880),  under  the  'tender  and  nfii-c- 
tlonate  care  of  his  accomplished  daughter,  at 
Ilayneville,  Ala.,  and  all  who  visit  him  return 
feeling  that  it  has  been  an  honor  and  a  Christian 
feast  to  hold  converse  with  this  man  of  God. 

Dallas  Male  and  Female  College,  Dallas, 
Texas,  was  organized  in  1S75,  and  commanded  a 
respectable  patronage  for  one  collegiate  year.  It 
is  under  the  control  of  stockholders,  who  appoint 
a  majority  of  the  trustees.  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Kc^gors, 
D.D.,  is  now  president.  The  college,  after  a  two 
years'  suspension,  was  reorganized  and  opened 
September,  1S78. 


DANIEL 


307 


DARGAN 


Daniel,  Rev.  Robert  T.— In  a  letter  to  Dr.  R. 
B.  C.  lluwell,  Mr.  Daniel  wrote,  "  During  the 
thirty  years  of  my  ministry  I  have  traveled  about 
60,000  miles,  preached  about  5000  sermons,  and 
baptized  more  than  1500  people.  Of  that  number 
many  now  are  ministers,  twelve  of  whom  are  men 
of  distinguished  talents  and  usefulness." 

Mr.  Daniel  was  born  in  Middlesex  Co.,  Va.,  June 
10,  1773.  His  parents  emigrating  to  North  Caro- 
lina, he  grew  to  man's  estate  in  Chatham  County. 
He  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Holly 
Springs  cliureh.  Wake  County,  by  Rev.  Isaac 
Hicks,  in  -July,  1802.  He  was  ordained  in  1803, 
Isaac  Hicks  and  Xathan  Gully  forming  the  Pres- 
bytery. He  was  an  able  preacher  and  a  great 
evangelist.  He  was  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first, 
missionary  of  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  Benevo- 
lent Society,  and  while  thus  engaged  organized  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh  in  1812,  of  which 
he  was  twice  pastor.  "His  was  a  missionary 
heart,  a  missionary  tongue,  and  a  missionary 
hand,"  and  after  brief  pastorates  and  arduous  re- 
vival labors  in  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  Missis- 
sippi, and  Tennessee,  this  prince  among  the  tribes 
of  Israel  fell  asleep  in  Jesus,  in  Paris,  Tenn.,  Sept. 
14.  1.S40. 

L'Anvers,  Gov.  Henry,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  a  very  near  relative  of  the  Earl  of  Danby,  who 
died  in  1643.  He  was  a  soldier,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  wars  in  Holland,  France,  and  Ireland. 
Henry  D'Auvers  was  a  colonel  in  the  Parliament- 
ary army.  He  was  for  a  time  governor  of  Stafford. 
He  had  such  a  reputation  for  integrity  among  the 
people  over  whom  he  exercised  authority,  that  he 
was  noted  as  one  who  would  not  take  bribes. 
AVhile  governor  of  Stafford  he  adopted  the  senti- 
ments of  the  Baptists,  and  notwithstanding  his 
position,  and  the  prejudices  his  baptism  would  stir 
up  against  him.  he  was  immersed  by  Henry  Hagger, 
the  minister  at  Stafford  at  that  time.  After  the 
return  of  Charles  11.  his  situation  was  very  criti- 
cal ;  he  was  a  man  of  prominence  by  bis  family 
connections,  by  the  respectable  estate  which  he 
owned,  and  by  his  military  services.  A  proclama- 
tion was  issued  offering  XIOO  for  his  arrest;  he 
was  seized  at  lenglh  and  sent  a  prisoner  to  the 
Tower  of  London  ;  but  his  wife  had  great  influence 
in  the  court  of  King  Charles,  and  he  was  released 
on  hail. 

He  was  one  of  the  ministers  of  a  Baptist  church 
near  Aldgate,  London.  In  this  position  he  main- 
tained a  character  so  spotless  that  he  greatly  com- 
mended the  truth  which  he  proclaimed. 

Mr.  D'Anvers  was  the  author  of  a  work  which 
he  called  "  Theopolis,  or  City  of  God,"  treating  of 
the  coming  and  personal  reign  of  Christ  in  his  mil- 
lennial glory  and  triumphs.  He  also  wrote  a  work 
on  baptism,  which  was  the  ablest  on  the  subject 


published  by  any  Baptist  till  that  time.  It  stirred 
up  Richard  Baxter  most  uncomfortably  ;  and  many 
others  most  slanderously.  David  Russen  abused 
Mr.  D'Anvers  and  his  book  with  a  vehemence 
which  shows  how  powerfully  he  hail  been  moved  by 
it.  He  says  that  Mr.  D' Anvers's  book  "  is  calculated 
for  the  meridian  of  Ignorance ;  that  it  is  full  of 
plagiary,  prevarication,  inipertinencies,  and  mani- 
fold falsehoods ;  that  no  man  of  learning,  but  one 
who  designedly  (for  an  evil  design)  carries  on  a 
cause,  will  ever  defile  his  fingers  with  such  pitch; 
and  that  he  sliould  be  ashamed  to  produce  a  book 
of  that  natui'e  in  a  matter  of  controversy."  But 
poor  Mr.  Russen  defiled  his  own  fingers  with  the 
work,  and  shows  by  his  angry  and  slanderous 
words  that  Mr.  D'Anvers  had  given  him  and  other 
Pedobaptist  sacramental  warriors  very  heavy  blpws. 
The  book,  even  in  our  own  times,  has  been  so 
highly  esteemed  that  the  llanserd  Knollys  Society, 
a  body  representing  the  intelligence  and  learning 
of  our  English  Baptist  brethren,  liad  resolved  to 
publish  it ;  and  the  Rev.  William  Henry  Black  was 
performing  editorial  labor  upon  it  for  that  end.  and 
only  lack  of  funds  hindered  the  publication.  Tlie 
same  misfortune  stopped  the  entire  labors  of  the 
society. 

Mr.  D'Anvers  believed  that  it  would  be  a  bless- 
ing if  James  II.  was  relieved  of  the  royalty  of 
England.  There  could  not  be  a  worse  king  in  a 
country  where  the  monarch  was  limited  in  powers. 
He  was  a  tyrannical  Catholic,  bent  on  overthrowing 
the  Protestant  religion  of  England  :  he  was  a  mean 
tyrant,  determined  to  destroy  her  liberties ;  he  had 
ungracious  manners,  an  unattractive  appearance, 
a  fountain  of  selfishness  in  his  heart,  and  an 
abundance  of  cowardice.  A  son  of  Lucy  AValters 
and  Charles  II.,  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  a  Protest- 
ant, a  brave,  generous  young  man,  was  encouraged 
to  re1)ol  against  his  uncle.  His  troops  were  routed 
at  Sedgemore.  Two  days  later  he  was  captured, 
and  soon  after  executed.  Mr.  D'Anvers  was  con- 
cerned in  some  meetings  held  to  help  the  unfortu- 
nate duke.  After  the  fight  at  Sedgemore  he  fled 
to  Holhiiiil.  wlieri'  be  died  in  1686. 

Dargan,  Rev.  Jeremiah.— Miss  Anna  More, 
of  Bertie  Co.,  N.  C.  wishing  to  be  baptized,  went 
into  South  Carolina  in  search  of  a  Baptist  preacher. 
She  there  met  Mr.  Dargan,  who,  having  baptized 
her,  also  married  her,  and  with  her  returned  to 
North  Carolitia.  He  was  the  founder  of  Coslin 
and  Wii'i-ai'im  ilnirches.  and  died  in  1786. 

Dargan,  J-  0.  B.,  D.D. — Mr.  Dar^-an's  anrestors 
were  conspicuous  in  both  church  and  state  during 
the  Revolutionary  war.  His  grandfather.  Rev. 
Timothy  Dargan,  and  Dr.  Richard  Furman  were  co- 
laborers  in  religious  and  political  fields,  and  the 
intimate  friendship  formed  between  tbeni  has  de- 
scended unbroken  through  several  generations. 


D  ARROW 


308 


DA  VIDSON 


Dr.  Dargan  was  born  in  Darlington  Co.,  S.  C, 
on  the  9tli  of  August,  1813.     His  early  advantages 


J.  O.   I!.    DARG.IN,   D.D. 

for  education  were  good,  and  lie  "  remembered  his 
Creator  in  the  days  of  his  youth."  lie  was  bap- 
tized in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  at  once  became 
an  active  worker  in  the  Master's  vineyard.  Having 
been  licensed  to  preach,  lie  entered  Furman  Insti- 
tution in  1833,  and  spent  two  j'ears  in  preparing 
for  his  life-work. 

His  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Cheraw  church. 
In  1836  he  became  pastor  of  the  Black  Creek 
church,  and  he  still  sustains  this  relation. 

A  very  gratifying  part  of  his  labors  has  been 
among  the  colored  people.  During  the  war  he 
baptized  'JT  in  one  day. 

He  has  always  been  an  active  friend  of  missions, 
Sunday-schools,  and  of  every  good  work.  He  is 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  ministers  in 
the  State.  He  has  never  changed  his  residence  in 
the  forty-four  years  of  his  married  life.  Few  min- 
isters indeed  have  maintained  themselves  so  long 
in  one  community. 

Of  his  wife,  it  is  enough  to  say  she  is  a  grand- 
daughter of  Rev.  Evan  Pugh,  and  she  is  in  all  re- 
spects worthy  of  her  grandfather. 

Darrow,  Rev.  Zadoc,  only  son  of  Ebenezer 
Darrow.  was  born  Dec.  25  (0.  S.),  172S.  His 
mother  was  a  Rogers,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
martyr  John.  He  was  educated  as  an  Episco- 
palian, but  was  converted  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.  Joshua  Morse,  a  Xew  Light,  and  afterwards  a 
Baptist.     He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 


church  in  Waterford,Conn.,  in  1709,  and  continued 
in  that  relation,  with  large  and  happy  success,  till 
his  <lcath,  in  1827,  at  the  age  of  ninety -nine,  closing 
a  ministry  of  nearly  sixty  years.  A  large  portion 
of  Eastern  Connecticut  felt  the  deep  impress  of  his 
thoughts  and  character.  His  grandson,  Rev.  Fran- 
cis Darrow,  was  associated  with  him  in  1809,  and 
continued  to  serve  the  church  till  his  death,  in 
1851,  at  the  age  of  seventy-one,  in  the  forty-first 
year  of  his  ministry.  His  success  was  like  that  of 
his  grandfather. 

Davidson,  Rev.  George,  was  born  Feb.  14, 1825, 
at  Pruntytown,  Taylor  Co.,  W.  Va.  He  married 
in  1851,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Cleon  Keys, 
March,  1854;  was  licen.scd  to  preach  March,  1857, 
and  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Pruntytown  church 
March  14,  1858.  He  cimtinued  as  pastor  of  the 
Pruntytown  and  other  churches  for  nine  years, 
and  is  now  and  has  been  for  the  last  fifteen  years 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Grafton.  He  has 
attained  a  good  degree  of  eminence  and  success  in 
bis  work  ;  has  been  president  of  the  General  Asso- 
ciation of  the  .State  ;  is  a  fine  preacher,  and  a  model 
pastor ;  and  his  church  is  efficient  in  benevolent 
enterprises  and  in  Christian  inflnence. 

Davidson,  Thomas  Leslie,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Edinburgli,  Scotland.  Sept.  6,  1825.  When  a  lad 
of  eight  years  of  age  he  left  his  native  country  and 
came  to  Canada.  He  was  baptized  in  1841.  and 
was  educated  at  the  Baptist  college  in  Montreal, 
where  he  spent  four  years  (1843-47).  In  the  month 
of  August,  1847,  he  was  (jrdained  pastor  in  Picker- 
ing, Ontario,  where  he  remained  until  December, 
1S50,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  in  the 
city  of  Brantford,  with  which  he  remained  a  little 
more  than  nine  years,  i-esigning  in  April,  1800. 
He  was  greatly  prospered  in  his  ministry  while  at 
Brantford,  having  baptized  308  persons  and  built 
two  churches.  In  1854  he  became  editor  of  the 
Christian  Messenger,  now  the  Canadian  Baptist, 
of  Toronto.  lie  "was  elected  secretary  of  the  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Convention  of  Ontario  in  1857,  and 
held  the  office  fifteen  j-ears  successively.  lie  was 
re-elected  in  1870  and  served  two  years.  His  pas- 
torates after  leaving  Brantford  were  in  St.  George 
(1860-60),  Elgin  (lSOO-73),  and  in  Guelph  (187.3- 
77).  For  one  year  (1877-78)  he  was  general  finan- 
cial and  traveling  secretary  of  the  Ontario  Baptist 
Convention.  In  December,  1878,  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Chatham,  where  he  now  (1880)  re- 
sides. Rochester  University,  in  1855,  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  A.M.,  and  in  1863  that  of  D.D. 
He  published,  in  1858.  a  work  on  baptism  and 
communion. 

Up  to  the  time  of  writing  this  sketch  Dr.  David- 
son has  secured  the  building  of  six  Baptist  churches, 
has  baptized  over  1000  persons,  preached  at  the  dedi- 
cation of  over  fifty  Baptist  meeting-houses  in  the 


DA  VIES 


309 


BAYIES 


province  of  Ontario,  and  taken  part  in  the  ordina- 
tion of  alioiit  sixty  pastors.     As  the  result  of  his 


THOMAS    LESLIE    DAVIDSON'.   D.D. 

ministerial   labors  a  number  of  Baptist  churches 
have  been  patlicreil  in  the  province. 

Davies,  Benjamin,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  "as  bom 
Feb.  2().  I.S14,  in  Carnuirtlienshire,  AVales.  In  early 
life  he  fiave  evidence  of  fervent  piety,  and  be<;an  to 
preach  before  he  was  sixteen  years  old.  He  was 
received  as  a  ministerial  student  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege in  1830.  where  he  made  marked  progress  in 
tliose  stuilies  by  which  in  after-life  he  was  so  dis- 
tinguished. On  the  conclusion  of  his  course  at 
Bristol  he  proceeded  to  the  Universities  of  Dublin 
and  Ghisjjow,  and  finally  to  Germany,  where  he 
formed  life-long  friendships  with  Tholuck,  Ewald, 
Rodiger,  and  other  eminent  scholars  in  Hebrew 
and  Oriental  literature.  He  left  Germany  in  1838 
with  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Leipsic  University, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  Theological  Institu- 
tion at  Montreal.  Canada.  Here  he  resided  for  six 
years,  and  married  Miss  Eliza  Try,  of  Portland, 
Me.  In  1844  he  went  to  England  to  take  the 
presidency  of  Stepney  College,  which  position  he 
held  until  1847,  when  he  returned  to  Canada  a.s 
professor  in  McGill  College,  Montreal.  He  spent 
ten  years  at  this  post,  and  pursued  with  ardor  his 
favorite  Oriental  studies.  He  finally  returned  to 
England  in  IS.")7,  and  liecame  classical  and  Oriental 
tutor  at  Stepney  College,  just  then  removed  to 
Regent's  Park,  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Angus. 
Here  for  eighteen  years  he  labored,  attr.icting  the 
almost  filial  attachment  of   his  students  and  the 


high  respect  of  distinguished  Biblical  scholars  of 
all  denominations.  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  hon- 
ored him  with  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  engaged 
largely  in  literary  wurk,  writing  or  editing  the 
notes  to  portions  of  the  Annotated  Paragraph 
Bible,  published  by  the  Religious  Tract  Societj' ; 
assisting  Dr.  Payne  Smith,  the  Dean  of  Canterbury, 
in  the  preparation  of  his  "  Syriac  Lexicon"  :  and 
in  preparing  successive  editions  of  his  own  well- 
known  "  Student's  Grammar"  and  ".Student's  Lex- 
icon of  the  Hebrew  Language."  He  was  ■in  active 
member  of  the  Philological  Society,  and  when  the 
work  of  revising  the  Authorized  Version  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  was  undertaken  by  a  committee 
of  the  Convocation  of  the  Established  Church,  the 
name  of  Dr.  Davies  was  one  of  the  first  which  it 
was  resolved  to  include  as  representing  Biblical 
scholarship  among  the  Non-conformists.  He  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Old  Testament  Company 
of  Revisers,  he  and  his  old  friend  and  fellow- 
student,  Dr.  Gotch,  being  the  Baptist  members  of 
the  company.  In  this  great  and  honorable  work 
he  took  the  deepest  interest.  Ilis  health  began  to 
fail  in  the  spring  of  1876,  and  he  died  July  19,  in 
his  sixty-seconil  year. 

Davies,  Daniel,  D.D.,  was  bnrn  in  Carmarthen- 
shire, Wales,  Dec.  1.5,  17y7.  Ilis  parents  removed 
to  Dowlais,  Glamorganshire,  when  he  was  quite 
young.  At  the  age  of  seven  he  had  an  attack  of 
smallpox,  which  left  him  sightless.  In  his  six- 
teenth year  he  was  admitted  into  the  college  for 
the  blind  at  Liverpool.  He  united  in  his  boyhood 
with  the  Welsh  Presbyterians,  and  commenced 
preaching  in  connection  with  that  body.  His 
ability  was  such  as  to  command  attention.  He 
continued  laboring  with  growing  acceptance  in  the 
church  of  his  parents  until  a  book  written  by 
Abraham  Booth  on  the  "  Kingdom  of  Christ''  was 
read  to  him.  This  had  the  eflfcct  of  revolutionizing 
his  mind  on  several  questions  bearing  on  the  polity 
of  the  New  Testament  church.  Having  decl.ared 
himself  a  convert  to  Baptist  principles,  he  was 
baptized  on  a  profession  of  his  faith  by  Pavid 
Saunders,  a  man  of  eminence  in  his  day.  He  was 
at  this  time  twenty-three  years  of  age.  Having 
spent  five  years  with  the  Welsh  church  in  London, 
he  was  invited  to  succeed  the  Rev.  Joseph  Harries 
(Gonicr),  one  of  the  most  gifted  men  of  his  age.  at 
Bethesda,  Swansea.  Here  he  labored  with  dis- 
tinguished success  for  a  period  of  thirty  years, 
having  under  his  care  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
intellectual  churches  in  the  Principality.  In  1855 
he  left  Swansea  for  Cardigan,  another  stronghold 
of  Baptist  influence.  His  later  years  were  spent 
in  Glamorganshire,  under  the  genial  roof  of  his 
son-in-law,  the  Rev.  .John  Rowlands. 

For  at  least  forty  ye.ars  the  Rev.  Daniel  Davies 
was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  figures  in   the 


DAVIES 


310 


J>A  VIES 


Baptist  pulpit  of  the  Principiility.  His  reputation 
was  as  far-rcat'liinjr  as  tlic  laiiiciia^(?  in  wliicli  lie 
proacheil.  Xo  Associational  gallievinii;  was  consid- 
ered complete  without  his  presence,  and  however 


DAMKI.    DAVIES,    D.l). 

lilf;lily  wrought  the  expectations  of  the  multitude, 
they  were  never  disappointed  in  the  "  blind  man." 

His  mind  was  richly  stored  with  every  variety 
of  useful  knowledge.  Although  deprived  of  sight, 
he  had  an  acquaintance  with  books  which  iiii- 
prcssed  with  wonder  those  who  casually  associated 
with  him.  He  could  converse  freely  and  intelli- 
gently upon  almost  any  subject  that  would  be 
likely  to  interest  the  thoughtful.  He  kept  some 
one  ever  at  his  side  whose  business  it  was  to  un- 
fold the  treasures  of  the  wise  anil  learned,  while 
he  assorted,  arranged,  and  labeled  them  for  their 
appropriate  places  in  his  well-ordered  mind. 

He  wa.s  intellectually  fitted  to  feel  at  home  in  the 
discussion  of  great  truths  and  principles.  It  was  a 
rich  treat  to  hear  him  on  an  important  occasion. 
He  was  like  one  of  those  transatlantic  steamers 
that  must  be  seen  in  deep  waters  and  a  heavy  sea  to 
be  appreciated.  He  never  ap|iearcd  to  better  ad- 
vantage than  when  out  in  mid-ocean,  with  sails  full 
set  and  filled  with  an  impassioned  gale  of  feeling, 
when  the  steam-power  of  conviction  and  the  sail- 
power  of  inspirational  enthusiasm  united  to  [iropel 
him  through  the  deep  and  turbulent  waters  of 
some  great  discussion. 

He  was  a  delightful  ministerial  companion. 
Even  to  old  age  he  retained  his  youthfulness  and 
vivacity.     Though  dead,  he  still   lives  in  the  af- 


fections and  spiritually-quickened  lives  of  thou- 
sands of  his  countrymen,  among  whom  is  the 
writiT  of  this  sketch. 

Davies,  George,  of  Charlottetown,  Prince  Kd- 
ward  Island,  is  of  Welsh  extraction,  a  wealthy  mer- 
chant, and  prominent  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  town ;  is  very  benevolent,  and  has  made 
magnificent  contributions  to  the  various  enterprises 
sustained  by  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
maritime  provinces. 

Davies,  Rev.  John,  son  of  William  and  l\Iary 
(Jones)  Uavies,  was  born  in  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, April  11,  1837:  spent  his  early  years  in 
Shrewsbury;  was  educated  at  Kawden  College, 
Yorkshire  ;  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  was  ordained, 
in  Birmingham,  pastor  of  the  Bond  Street  Baptist 
church,  where  he  successively  labored  for  more 
than  five  years;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
18C7  ;  preached  first  in  Danbury,  Conn.,  then  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in  South  Xor- 
walk,  where  his  ministry  was  blessed,  for  more  than 
four  years  ;  in  April,  IS72,  he  liecame  pastor  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church  in  Norwich,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal churches  in  the  State;  his  assiduous  toil  was 
largely  prospered  ;  easy  and  eloquent  as  a  speaker  ; 
withal  a  poet  and  writer  for  periodicals;  thoroughly 
interested  in  every  good  cau.se, — missions,  educa- 
tion, and  temperance  ;  served  the  city  on  the  School 
Board  ;  was  active  in  the  Baptist  State  Convention  ; 
beloved  by  all  who  knew  him  in  England  and  in 
this  country;  married,  November,  1863,  Emily 
White,  of  Birmingham,  England,  a  lady  of  rare 
talents,  attainments,  .and  character ;  had  three  sons 
and  two  daughters.  On  Sunday,  Dec.  28,  187',), 
while  delivering  an  annual  memorial  discourse,  he 
fell  in  the  pulpit,  and  was  unconscious  for  a  time; 
went  to  England,  seeking  rest  and  recuperation. 
Died  April  19,  1880,  aged  forty-three  years,  and 
was  buried  in  Birmingliam,  where  he  expired. 

Davies,  Thomas,  D.D.,  jircsident  of  the  Baptist 
College,  Ilaverford- West.  Wales,  was  born  near  Saint 
Mellon's,  Monmouthshire,  in  1812.  He  was  bap- 
tized when  about  eighteen  years  of  age  by  the  Rev. 
Evan  Jones  Caesbach,  .a  minister  of  considerable 
distinction  in  his  day.  He  began  to  exercise  his 
gifts  as  a  preacher  in  1831.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Baptist  College.  Bristol,  and  spent  the  years  of 
his  early  ministry  in  Merthyr-Tydvil,  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

In  the  year  18.55  the  presidency  of  the  college  at 
Haverford-West  became  vacant  through  the  death 
of  the  venerated  David  Davies,  who  had  occupied 
the  position  with  signal  ability  and  acceptance 
from  its  incipiency.  In  the  effort  of  the  denomi- 
nation to  secure  a  man  to  carry  forward  a  work 
which  had  been  so  well  begun,  the  unanimous  choice 
fell  upon  the  Rev.  Thomas  Davies,  of  Merthyr.  lie 
brought  to  his  new  and  arduous  position  a  cultivated 


DAVIS 


311 


DA  VIS 


mind  and  ripe  Kcholaisliip.  Under  liis  adminis- 
tration tfie  institution  lias  grown  in  importance 
and  inllnence,  giving  to  tlic^  oliiirclies  some  ol'  tlicir 
most  etlicient  leaders. 

During  all  the  years  of  Dr.  Davies's  presidency 
lie  has  sustained,  either  jointly  or  alone,  the  pas- 
torate of  one  of  the  largest  churches  in  the  county. 
To  hear  him  preach  twenty  years  ago  was  an  in- 
spiration. He  was  a  model  of  eloquence,  which 
for  purity  and  pungency  could  scarcely  ]>c  sur- 
p.assed.  It  is  generally  admitted  by  those  who 
were  under  his  preceptorship  in  those  earlier  years, 
that  his  efforts  in  the  pulpit  left  a  deeper  impress 
on  their  character.  Iioth  as  men  and  as  ministers, 
than  his  efforts  in  the  class. 

IIo  is  now  in  his  sixty-ninth  ye;ir,  prosecuting 
his  work  lioth  in  the  college  ami  in  the  church  with 
recogni/.i'd  efliciency. 

Davis,  Rev.  Elnathan,  wns  Imrn  in  Maryland 
in  ITo'J;  his  ]jarents  were  Sevcntli-I);iy  I'aptists, 
but  he  was  wild  and  reckless. 

"  He  heard  that  one  John  Steward  was  to  lie  bap- 
tized on  a  certain  day  by  -Mr.  Stevens;  the  candi- 
date was  a  very  large  man,  and  the  minister  small 
of  stature,  and  ho  concluded  that  there  would  be 
some  diversion,  if  notdrowning,  and  so  he  gathered 
eight  or  ten  of  his  comjianions  in  wickedness  and 
went  to  the  spot.  When  Mr.  Stevens  commenced 
his  sermon  Elnathan  drew  near  to  hear  him,  while 
bis  companions  stood  at  a  distance.  He  was  no 
sooner  in  the  throng  than  he  perceived  that  some 
of  the  people  trembled  as  if  in  an  ague  fit.  Ho  ran 
to  his  companions,  but  the  charm  of  Stevens's  voice 
ilrew  him  to  the  listening  multitude  again.  He, 
with  many  others,  sank  to  the  ground  ;  when  he 
came  to  himself  ho  found  nothing  in  himself  but 
dread  and  anxiety.  lie  obtained  relief  by  putting 
his  trust  in  Jesus."' 

He  was  baptized  on  a  profession  of  his  faith,  and 
he  began  at  once  to  preach  Jesus.  He  moved  to 
North  Carolina  in  17-'i7,  and  was  ordained  in  ITfii 
by  the  celebrated  Samuel  Ilarriss,  of  Virginia.  He 
remained  in  NoVth  Carolina  till  IT'.KS,  when  he 
settled  in  South  Carolina,  in  the  bounds  of  the 
Saluda  Association,  and  he  labored  in  that  region 
till  his  death.  Mr.  Davis  was  a  miracle  of  mercy, 
and  a  useful  minister  of  Jesus. 

Davis,  Judge  Ezekiel  W.,  settled  at  (irand 
Rapids  in  In3+.  Ih'  commenced  his  Christian  life 
in  another  denomination.  His  first  child  was  the 
devoted  and  cHicient  Mrs.  Jowett.  our  missionary 
among  the  Teloogoos.  The  question  of  her  baptism 
as  an  infant  led  him  to  investigations  which  made 
liim  a  Baptist.  lie  uniteil  with  the  Indian  mission 
church  at  (irand  Rapids,  until  another  was  formed 
in  the  city,  after  which  he  ever  bore  an  interested 
and  leading  part  in  this  church.  lie  was  always 
re.ady  to  do  the  work  of  an  evangelist  among  the 


destitute  and  afflicted,  preaching  to  them  as  Provi- 
dence ('ailed,  though  not  bearing  or  seeking  the 
ministerial  name.  His  death  was  in  IS74,  on  the 
verge  of  fourscore  years,  half  of  which  he  bad 
spent  at  Grand  Rapids.  He  was  liorn  in  Eliza- 
beth, N.  J.,  but  grew  to  manhood  Iti  the  vicinity  of 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Elon 
(iabl^lla. 
Davis,  Rev.  George  Edwin,  of  Welsh  jiarents, 

was  born  in  Limdon,  England,  Man-b  7,  1S<24;  emi- 
grated with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1828 ;  was  educated  in  New  York  ;  was  first  officer 
of  a  ship  sailing  to  California  in  1849;  converted 
and  Ijaptized  the  same  year ;  began  to  preach  and 
talk  of  Jesus  at  once,  in  San  Francisco,  especially 
aniong  seamen  ;  licensed  in  IS.'jf),  ordained  in  18.')0, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Mariners'  church  ;  has 
done  much  mission  work  in  California:  organized 
the  San  Pablo  and  other  churches:  was  pastor  at 
San  Pablo  and  Redwood  City;  is  now  pastor  of 
the  South  San  Francisco  Mission  church.  He  has 
much  Welsh  fire  and  magnetism  in  preaching. 
Excessive  labor  has  impaired  bis  vocal  organs,  but 
in  missionary  zeal  the  ardor  of  youth  is  unaliated. 
Davis,  Hon.  George  F.,  was  born  in  Brighton, 
Mass.,  Feb.   10,  1S20.     His  father,  Samuel  Davis, 


HON.  GEORGE    F.  DAVIS. 

originally  a  Unitarian,  became  a  Baptist,  and  on 
his  removal  to  Quincy.  111.,  in  I83j,  was  instru- 
mental in  forming  the  First  Baptist  church  of  that 
city.  At  the  first  baptism  after  the  organization 
of  this  church,  George  F.  confessed  Christ.  In 
1838  he  left  his  father's  liome  in  Quincy  and  re- 


DA  VIS 


312 


DA  VIS 


moved  to  Cincinnati,  O.,  where  he  engaged  in  busi- 
ness, and  wlicre  he  still  lives. 

Mr.  Davis  has  been  an  active  and  snccessfiil  busi- 
ness man,  and  has  been  much  in  public  life.  lie 
was  president  of  the  first  board  of  aldermen  in  the 
city  of  Cincinnati,  and  has  been  several  times  presi- 
dent of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  is  a  very 
effective  public  speaker,  and  has  represented  his 
city  and  denomination  on  many  important  [uiblic 
occasions.  He  has  also  frequently  been  called  to 
preside  over  conventions  in  Sunday-school  and 
church  work,  and  has  been  on  almost  all  the  offi- 
cial boai-ds  of  our  national  organizations.  All  his 
life  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  Sunday-school.  lie 
was  one  of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Mount 
Auburn  Baptist  church,  and  also  one  of  tlie  projec- 
tors and  owners  of  the  Mount  Auburn  Institute,  a 
school  of  high  grade  for  young  ladies.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  valued  trustees  of  Denison  University. 

Mr.  Davis  is  a  pronounced  Baptist,  and  has  the 
confidence  of  the  entire  community.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1841  to  Miss  \.  AV.  Wilson,  who  is  still 
living.     He  has  five  sons,  all  located  in  Cincinnati. 

Davis,  Gustavus  Fellowes,  D.D.,  son  of  Isaac 
Davis,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  17,  1797  ; 
at  his  father's  death,  in  1803,  moved  to  Roxbury  ; 
studied  in  Dedham,  under  Rev.  Mr.  White,  and  in 
Roxbury  under  Dr.  Prentiss  :  in  1813  went  to 
Worcester  to  learn  a  trade,  and  was  converted 
under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  William  Bentley,  and 
joined  the  Baptist  church ;  was  devoted  to  the 
study  of  the  Bible  and  of  books;  began  preaching 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  in  Hampton,  Conn.  ;  in 
March,  1815,  moved  to  Preston,  Conn.,  where  he 
was  ordained  June  13,  1816;  the  first  person  bap- 
tized by  him  was  but  nine  years  old,  and  a  great 
impression  was  made;  in  1818  settled  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  South  Reading,  Mass.,  and  re- 
mained eleven  years;  studied  Greek  and  Latin, 
walking  to  Boston  to  recite  to  Mr.  Winchell  and 
Dr.  Francis  Wayland  ;  in  1829  removed  to  Ilart- 
foril.  Conn.,  first  to  assist  Rev.  W.  Bentley,  but 
finally  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church;  in 
1835  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown  ;  married  Jiin. 
5,  1817,  Abigail  Leonard,  of  Preston,  Conn.  ;  had 
three  sons  and  three  daughters  ;  wrote  and  pub- 
lished numerous  addresses  and  sormnns  ;  at  South 
Re.iding  compiled  a  hymn-book  for  conference 
meetings;  was  a  chief  agent  in  establishing  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institution  in  Suffield ;  a 
studious,  executive,  devout,  noble,  efficient  man  ; 
died  Sept.  17,  1836,  in  his  fortieth  year. 

Davis,  Gustavus  Fellowes,  Esq.,  a  banker  of 

Hartford,  f'onn.,  son  of  Rev.  Gustavus  F.  Davis, 
D.D.,  was  born  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  Jan. 
4,  1818;  W.1S  educated  at  the  Hartford  Grammar 
School,  and  in  the  academy  at  Westfield,  Mass. ; 


was  prevented  from  pursuing  his  collegiate  course 
by  weak  eyes;  entered  business  circles;  has  now 
(1880)  been  engaged  in  the  banking  business  for 
forty-six  years  ;  is  president  of  the  City  National 
Bank,  of  Hartford,  and  of  the  State  Savings  Bank  ; 
vice-president  of  the  Travelers'  Insurance  Com- 
pany; director  in  the  jEtna  Insurance  Company; 
trustee  in  Connecticut  Mutual  Safe  Deposit  Com- 
pany ;  treasurer  of  the  South  School  District  of 
Hartford  ;  trustee  of  the  Connecticut  Literary  In- 
stitution at  Suffield,  and  of  the  Baptist  Education 
Society  :  was  elected  during  the  past  year  a  repre- 
sentative from  Hartford  to  the  State  Legislature ; 
has  maintained  through  life  an  active  interest  in 
educational  affivirs  ;  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Baptist  denomination,  and  deeply  interested  in  its 
prosperity  ;  a  worthy  son  of  a  worthy  father. 

Davis,  Isaac,  LL.D.,  w-as  born  in  North- 
borough,  Mass.,  June  2,  1799.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1822.  Among 
his  classmates  were  Rev.  Dr,  Caswell,  Rev,  Dr.  B. 
C.  Cutler,  Prof.  J.  W,  Farnum,  and  Hon.  Solomon 
Lincoln.  Mr.  Davis  studied  law,  and  having  been 
admitted  to  the  bar,  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  which  he  achieved 
great  success.  He  has  always  been  a  decided  Bap- 
tist, identifying  himself  in  many  ways  with  the  in- 
terests of  the  denomination,  and  by  his  counsels 
and  benefactions,  helping  forward  every  good  cause 
represented  by  the  different  religious  organizations 
which  were  brought  into  existence  by  the  zeal  and 
benevolence  of  leading  Baptists.  His  love  for  the 
college  where  he  received  his  education  has  never 
flagged,  but  .amid  all  its  fortunes  he  has  proved 
himself  its  staunch  and  constant  friend.  He  was 
chosen  a  member  of  its  board  of  trustees  in  1838, 
and  a  Fellow  in  1851.  For  forty  years  he  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Worcester 
Academy,  which  has  done  so  much  in  fitting  young 
men  for  Brown  University.  Mr.  Davis  has'  .also 
taken  an  ai-tivc  part  in  all  plans  <lesigned  to  pro- 
mote the  welfare  of  the  city  which  for  so  many 
years  has  been  his  home.  He  was  its  mayor  for 
three  years.  In  the  politics  of  the  State  he  has 
also  been  interested.  For  eleven  years  he  was  in 
the  State  senate.  He  has  been  one  of  the  gov- 
ernor's council.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education, 
and  rendered  efficient  service  in  elevating  the  tone 
of  public  sentiment  with  reference  to  popular  edu- 
cation, thus  making  the  schools  of  Massachusetts 
the  glory  of  the  old  Bay  State.  In  some  respects 
Mr.  Davis  m.ay  be  regarded  as  among  the  most  in- 
fluential Baptists  in  New  England.  He  has  loved 
the  cause  in  which  at  an  early  d.ay  he  embarked, 
when  the  Baptists  occupied  a  position  in  society 
far  below  what  they  have  now  reached.  To  him, 
and  to  such  as  he,  the  denomination  are  greatly 


DA  ris 


313 


DAVIS 


indebted,  under  God,  for  what  has  lieen  done  during 
the  past  fifty  years,  to  give  it  the  ranlc  which  it 
now  holds  among  tlic  other  Christian  denomina- 
tions. 

Davis,  Rev.  James,  wa*  born  in  Hopkinton, 
N.  II.,  Nov.  6.  1772;  converted  about  17'J1  ;  grad- 
uated at  Dartmouth  College  in  1798  :  ordained  in 
Vermont  by  the  Congregationalists  in  1.S04  ;  in 
ISIO  became  a  Baptist,  and  was  baptized  Oct.  12, 
1816,  by  Rev.  Asa  Wilcox  ;  by  his  own  request  was 
reordained  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  Nov.  14,  18I0  ;  labored 
successfully  as  an  evangelist;  was  of  gi'eat  service 
in  founding  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution, 
at  Suffield.  Conn.  ;  was  the  instrument  of  adding 
80U  members  to  Baptist  churches  ;  died  in  Ab- 
ington,  Mass.,  May  28,  IS21  ;  a  noble  toiler  in 
Connecticut. 

Davis,  Rev.  James,  one  of  the  most  useful 
ministers  that  ever  liv<'d  in  the  western  part  of 
Georgia,  including  Coweta,  Troup,  Ili'ard,  Meri- 
wether, and  the  adjacent  counties,  was  born  in 
Wilkes  County,  Jan.  22,  ISOo.  He  married,  and 
joined  the  church  when  quite  a  young  man,  and 
never  afterwards  could  relate  his  Christian  experi- 
ence without  manifesting  deep  emotion.  lie  moved 
from  Elbert  to  Jasper  County  in  1S26,  where  he 
was  liotli  licensed  and  ordained.  Returning  to  El- 
bert County  in  1828,  he  preached  there  for  several 
yeai\s,  with  increasing  power  and  success.  About 
1830  he  moved  to  the  western  part  of  the  State, 
where  he  spent  the  remaining  portion  of  his  life, 
acting  as  a  pioneer  Baptist,  and  proclaiming  those 
Baptist  principles  which,  to-day.  flourish  so  exten- 
sively in  that  section.  .Strong  in  native  intellect, 
robust  in  constitution,  untiring  in  energy,  and  im- 
pelled by  the  sole  desire  to  "  preach  Christ  cruci- 
fied," Mr.  Davis  left  his  impress  on  the  entire  sec- 
tion of  country  in  which  he  lived.  He  assisted  in 
tlic  constitution  of  the  Baptist  church  at  La  Grange, 
and,  indeed,  of  most  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  the 
counties  where  he  labored.  A  friend  of  education, 
strongly  missionary  in  spirit,  an  earnest,  devout, 
gifted,  and  eloquent  preacher,  he  struggled  nobly 
to  disseminate  the  great  truths  of  Christianity,  as 
maintained  by  our  denomination  ;  and  ho  did  as 
much  to  give  moral  tone  to  the  community  in  which 
he  lived  as  any  man. 

Good  and  useful  while  here,  he  died  as  he  lived, 
in  the  faith  of  Jesus.  He  passed  away  in  .September, 
18.'j9,  at  his  home  in  Heard  County.  To  his  only 
absent  son.  Rev.  Win.  H.  Davis,  then  residing  at 
llephzibali,  Ga.,  he  .sent  this  simple  message: 
'•  Strive,  my  son,  to  be  a  good  minister  of  the 
gospel,  and  meet  mo  in  glory."  We  know  that  one 
injunction  has  been  fulfilled,  and  wo  have  every 
reason  to  believe  that  both  have  been. 

Davis,  Rev.  Jolm,  was  born  at  Pennepek.  Pa., 
Sept.  111.  1721.     lie  was  ordained  in  1756.  and,  re- 
21 


moving  to  Maryland,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Winter  Run.  Hartford  Co..  Md., 
which  became  the  mother-church  of  Baptists  in 
that  State.  He  continued  to  serve  this  church  with 
great  success  for  fifty-three  years.  The  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Baltimore,  as  well  as  several  others 
still  vigorous,  owe  their  origin  to  his  cfiVirts.  He 
was  a  man  of  untiring  energy  and  zeal,  and  of  deep 
piety.  He  traveled  much  and  preached  constantly, 
meeting  with  much  opposition  at  the  hands  of  those 
who  despised  and  persecuted  the  Baptists,  but 
through  it  all  w.as  greatly  blessed. 

Davis,  Gen.  John,  Bucks  Co..  Pa. — The  father 
of  Gen.  Davis  was  liurn  in  October,  1760.  Before 
he  was  sixteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the  Revo- 
lutionary army,  in  which  he  served  till  the  war  was 
over.  He  fought  at  Brandywine,  Germantown, 
Monmouth,  .Stony  Point,  and  at  Cowpens.     From 


GEN".  JOHN    D.^VIS. 

Trenton  to  Yorktown  he  was  at  his  country's  ser- 
vice to  tight  or  die.  He  was  an  ensign  in  Lafayette's 
light  infantry,  and  assisted  in  carrying  that  general 
from  the  field  when  he  was  wounded  at  Brandy- 
wine,  lie  was  very  obnoxious  to  the  Tories,  and 
on  one  occasion  when  at  home  on  leave  of  absence 
he  was  only  saved  from  capture  in  his  own  house 
by  an  ingenious  effort  at  concealment  when  it  was 
searched. 

Gen.  John  Davis  was  the  second  of  the  seven 
children  of  John  Davis.  Sr.,  and  of  .\nn  Simpson, 
his  wife.  He  was  born  Aug.  7,  1788.  and  died 
April  1,  1878,  in  liis  ninetieth  year.  He  was  about 
six  feet  hii;h.  with  a  commanding  and  courteous 


DAVIS 


314 


DA  VIS 


presence;  with  a  face  l)eaining  with  intelligence, 
and  an  ample  foi-eheaJ.  In  any  company  the  ap- 
pearance of  Gen.  Davis  woiiUl  have  proclaimed  him 
a  natural  leader  of  men,  not  only  where  the  stern 
authority  of  the  commander  was  needed,  but  where 
large  mental  resources  were  required. 

The  educational  advantages  possessed  by  the 
general  in  early  life  were  supplemented  by  exten- 
sive reading,  and  by  the  retentiveness  of  a  memory 
that  seemed  to  forget  nothing,  and  when  he  entered 
upon  the  active  duties  of  manhood  he  had  the  cul- 
ture and  attainments  of  one  far  in  advance  of  his 
young  neighbors.  In  March,  1813,  he  married 
Miss  Amy  Hart,  and  settled  in  the  neighborhood 
where  Davisville  now  stands,  a  village  to  which  the 
community  gave  the  name  of  the  general,  and  in 
that  beautiful  region  he  spent  the  last  sixty-five 
years  of  his  life. 

Soon  after  he  was  married  the  blood  of  his  brave 
father  was  stirred  up  within  him  by  the  wrongs  his 
country  suffered  from  the  hostile  efforts  of  Great 
Britain,  and  by  the  dangers  which  threatened  the 
nation,  and  in  September,  1814,  he  volunteered  to 
march  to  the  defense  of  AVashington.  Ilis  name 
headed  the  roll  of  his  neighbors  and  friends,  who 
formed  a  rifle  company  commanded  by  Capt.  Wil- 
liam I'uvdy,  in  which  he  held  the  position  of  en- 
sign. In  1815  he  entered  the  State  militia,  and 
maintained  an  unbroken  connection  with  it  for 
thirty-five  years ;  he  filled  every  position  from  cap- 
tain to  major-general,  and  three  times  he  was 
elected  major-general  of  the  division  of  militia  be- 
longing to  Bucks  and  Montgomery  Counties. 

Wlien  Lafayette  visited  this  country  in  1824, 
Gen.  Davis  received  him  with  his  regiment,  600 
strong,  at  the  Trenton  bridge,  at  Morrisville,  and 
escorted  him  to  the  Philadelphia  county-line,  where 
he  delivered  the  nation".s  guest  to  theauthorities  of 
Philadelphia.  During  the  march  from  Morrisville, 
when  the  marquis  learned  that  it  was  the  general's 
ftither  who  assisted  in  carrying  him  from  the  field 
of  Brandywine,  he  threw  his  arms  around  his  neck 
and  embraced  him  with  every  demonstration  of 
gratitude  and  joy. 

Gen.  Davis  was  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in 
the  State,  and  his  fellow-citizens  loved  to  place  him 
in  public  positions;  indeed,  sometimes  the  difficulty 
was  rather  in  avoiding  than  in  securing  responsible 
and  lucrative  offices.  In  1833,  Gov.  Wolf  appointed 
him  a  member  of  the  board  of  appraisers  of  dam- 
ages of  pul}lic  works  of  the  State.  In  1838  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Congress,  and  he  served 
his  term  in  tlie  House  of  Representatives,  winning 
golden  opinions  from  both  political  parties.  In 
JIarch,  1845,  President  Polk  appointed  him  sur- 
veyor of  the  port  of  Philadelphia,  which  he  held 
four  years,  and  then  retired  to  priv.ate  life. 

Gen.  Davis  was  sprinkled  in  infiincy  among  the 


Presbyterians,  but  in  early  life  he  adopted  the  sen- 
timents of  the  Baptists,  which  he  held  very  de- 
cidedly, and  worshipped  God  among  them  ever 
after,  though  he  always  regarded  his  old  friends 
with  aBTection.  After  he  formally  united  with  the 
church,  which  occurred  somewhat  late  in  life,  his 
piety  shone  forth  over  his  whole  movements,  and 
his  soul,  with  all  its  wealth  of  intellect,  influence, 
experience,  and  resources,  was  devoted  to  Christ. 

He  contributed  most  generously  to  sustain  the 
church,  to  support  foreign  and  home  missions,  and 
to  aid  every  worthy  cause ;  and  universal  sorrow 
burdened  the  entire  community  when  the  noble  old 
man  fell  into  the  sleep  of  death.  Twelve  ministers 
of  difl'erent  communities  were  at  his  funeral,  and 
throngs  of  per.sons  from  Bucks  and  neighboring 
counties  made  it  the  largest  assemblage  ever  gath- 
ered in  Bucks  County  to  honor  the  memory  of  one 
of  its  deceased  sons. 

Gen.  Davis  was  a  patriot  of  the  most  large- 
hearted  order,  a  gentleman  of  unusual  refinement 
and  courtesy,  a  Christian  largely  endowed  with  the 
grace  of  God,  and  a  citizen  loved  and  honored  by 
all  that  knew  him. 

Davis,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  England,  Nov. 
8,  1803;  studied  at  llorton  College;  ordained  at 
Portsea,  Hants;  became  pastor  of  the  First  Bapti.-t 
church  at  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1853  ;  pastor 
at  St.  George,  New  Brunswick,  in  1857  ;  next  year 
took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  where  he  died,  Aug. 
14,  1875.  lie  was  a  good  thinkei-,  a  sound  theolo- 
gian, a  strong  Christian,  and  an  able  preacher. 

Davis,  Rev.  Nathan  M.,  long  an  efficient  min- 
ister of  Ouachita  Baptist  Association,  La.,  was  born 
in  Mississippi,  1809,  and  died  May  19,  1880. 

Davis,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Worcester  Co., 
Md.,  July  2*^,  1802.  Being  blessed  with  eminently 
pious  parents,  his  religious  training  was  specially 
cared  for.  His  early  education  was  such  as  the 
common  schools  of  the  neighborhood  afforded.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  engaged  as  a  merchant's 
clerk  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  While  here  he 
experienced  a  change  of  heart,  and  was  baptized, 
July  4,  1819,  by  Dr.  Stuughton,  in  the  Sansom 
Street  church.  He  longed  to  preach  the  gospel ; 
removed  to  Maryland,  and  united  with  the  church 
in  Salisbury,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  July  9, 
1820,  being  then  only  eighteen  years  of  age.  In 
November  of  the  same  year  he  joined  the  literary 
and  theological  institution  in  Philadelphia,  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Stoughton  and  Prof.  Chase,  and 
when  the  Columbian  College  opened  in  1821,  he  en- 
tered upon  the  course  of  study  tliere.  Hi^  zeal  to 
do  .something  for  Christ  led  him  to  leave  the  college 
in  1823,  and  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  the  minis- 
try at  once.  AVhile  pursuing  his  studies  Mr.  Davis 
preached  frequently,  and  did  much  good  by  visit- 


DAVIS 


315 


DA  VIS 


ing  poor  families  in  the  neigliborhooil,  and  especially 
by  lal>orin;;  in  a  Sunday-school  orsanizcil  for  the  in- 
struction of  the  colore<l  people.  Shortly  after  leaving 
college  he  married  Miss  Mary  Young,  a  pious  and 
aceoniplished  lady,  who  greatly  aided  him  in  hia 
ministerial  work.  For  a  while  he  labored  in  Acco- 
mac  Co.,  Va.,  and  then  in  Xorfolk,  and  in  both 
places  he  was  eminently  successful  in  building  up 
the  churches  with  which  he  labored,  and  in  coun- 
teracting the  withering  influence  of  Antinoniianism 
80  prevalent  in  those  regions.  While  in  Norfolk 
Mr.  Davis  became  greatly^  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  sailor.s,  formed  a  society  to  benefit  them,  and  com- 
piled an  excellent  selection  of  hyiiins  for  their  use. 
Indeed,  he  was  ever  active  in  all  plans  of  Christian 
benevolence.  It  was  owing  to  Mr.  iJavis's  sugges- 
tions that  the  Baptist  General  Tract  Society  was 
organized.  A  meeting  was  called  to  consider  the 
subject,  and  a  tract  society  formed  in  AVashington, 
D.  C,  Feb.  25,  1824,  which  was  placed  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  George  Wood.  The  society, 
however,  was  soon  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and 
Mr.  Davis  was  invited  to  accept  its  management, 
for  which  position  he  was  peculiarly  adapted,  inas- 
much as  his  mind  was  of  that  energetic  cast  fitted 
to  gra.sp  and  control  the  far-reaching  interests  of  a 
national  institution,  and  his  views  and  aims  were 
lofty  and  noble.  But  he  was  not  permitted  to  labor 
long  in  this  congenial  field.  Always  somewhat 
feeble  in  health,  he  was  suddenly  taken  sick,  and 
after  a  very  brief  illness,  died  July  15,  1830,  when 
not  quite  twenty-eight  years  of  age. 

As  a  student,  Mr.  Davis  was  diligent,  and  his 
progress  rapid.  His  mind  was  strong,  clear,  and 
energetic.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  more  than 
usually  interesting.  He  spoke  with  great  fluency 
and  sometimes  with  much  power  and  eloquence, 
while  his  simple  and  pointed  diction  always  won 
its  way  to  the  conscience.  As  a  Christi.an,  he 
burned  with  zeal  for  the  Master's  service,  his 
prayer  being,  "Anywhere,  or  anyhow,  only  let  me 
serve  my  generation  according  to  thy  will."  He 
lived  much  in  communion  with  God,  and  the 
strength  which  he  thus  acquired  flowed  out  in  acts 
of  love  upon  all  who  came  within  the  reach  of  his 
influence.  He  lived  but  a  little  while  on  the  earth, 
but  his  faithful  laliors  have  been  made  a  blessing 
to  many. 

Davis,  Noah  Knowles,  LL.D.,  son  of  Noah  and 
Mary  Young  Davis,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  P:v., 
May  15,  1830.  His  father  died  when  he  was  yet  an 
infant.  His  mother  married  Rev.  .John  L.  Dagg, 
at  that  time  a  pastor  in  the  city,  and  the  family 
shortly. afterwards  removed  to  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  In 
1843,  Dr.  Dagg  became  president  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, then  located  at  Penfield,  Ga.  Here  young 
Davis  was  baptized,  and  in  1S49  graduated  with 
high  honor.     He  then  spent  several  years  in  his 


native  city  in  the  study  of  chemistry,  supporting 
himself  by  teaching,  by  service  in  an  architect's 
office,  and  by  editing  two  books,  the  "  Model  Arch- 
itect'' and  the  "Carpenter's  Guide."  In  1852  he 
was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  Natural  Science  in 
Howard  College,  Marion,  Ala.  In  18.59  he  became 
principal  of  the  Jud.son  Female  Institute,  at  the 
same  place,  which,  under  his  management,  attained 
its  highest  success,  having  during  the  six  years  of 
his  presidency  an  average  annual  attendance  of  225 
pupils.  In  1808  he  was  elected  president  of  Bethel 
College,  Russellville,  Ky.  He  reorganized  this  in- 
stitution, enlarged  its  curriculum,  raised  the  stand- 
ard of  sch<ilarship,  and  thus  placed  the  college  on 
a  level  with  other  similar  institutions  in  the  country. 
In  his  position  as  president  of  Bethel  College  he 
had  an  opportunity  to  give  special  attention  to 
metaphysical  studies,  for  which  he  always  enter- 
tained a  preference.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Moral  Science  in  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, recently  made  vacant  Vjy  the  death  of  W.  H. 
McGuffey,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  who  had  long  filled  it  with 
distinguished  success.  This  high  position  he  still 
holds.  As  a  teacher  he  is  enthusiastic  and  thorough, 
and  has  made  his  course  of  instruction  second  to 
that  in  no  institution  of  America.  He  is  a  clear 
and  forcible,  but  not  a  prolific,  writer.  Besides 
articles  in  reviews,  he  published  in  1880  (by  Har- 
per &  Bros.)  "The  Theory  of  Thought,  a  Treatise 
on  Deductive  Logic."  This  work,  while  based  on 
the  writings  of  Aristotle,  and  aiming  to  reproduce 
his  logical  system,  is  yet  both  original  and  pro- 
found. Every  principle  enumerated  is  verified  by 
the  author's  own  processes:  he  h.as  only  followed 
Aristotle  as  he  followed  the  laws  of  thought.  It  is 
not  too  much  to  say  that  he  has  produced  by  far  the 
most  acute,  original,  and  satisfactory  treatise  on 
logic  ever  written  in  this  country,  and  that  his 
book  deserves  a  place  among  the  best  on  the  subject 
in  the  English  language.  Space  will  not  allow 
even  a  bare  statement  of  the  many  excellencies  of 
this  admirable  work.  From  the  studies  he  has 
pursued  and  the  positions  he  has  filled,  it  may  easily 
be  inferred  that  Dr.  Davis  is  a  man  of  varied  and 
high  attainments.  While  not  disposed  to  seek  so- 
ciety, he  is  of  a  genial  and  social  disposition,  con- 
versing readily  and  well  on  a  great  varietj'  of  sub- 
jects. His  religious  convictions  are  strong,  and 
his  piety  deep,  genuine,  and  unobtrusive.  During 
the  sessions  of  the  university  he  lectures  on  Sun- 
day afternoons  on  select  portions  of  the  Bible,  and 
his  lectures  are  largely  attended  by  professors,  stu- 
dents, and  others.  His  presence  in  the  Associa- 
tional  meetings  of  his  denomination  is  always  wel- 
come ;  and  his  addres.ses  on  public  occasions  are 
heard  with  attention  and  profit.  Ilis  own  words, 
in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  will  best  indicate  his  spirit, 
and  close  this  sketch  :  "  A  homeless  wanderer  and 


DA  VIS 


316 


DA  WSON' 


sojourner,  yet  ever  abundiintly  blessed  by  a  kind 
Providence  all  through  an  ill-spont  life,  grant  me, 
my  Master,  to  serve  thee  better  in  the  few  years 
or  days  that  are  left." 

Davis,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  born  at  Andover, 
England,  Oct.  'iO.  17^3,  of  parents  who  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Little  Wild  Street  cdiurch,  then  under 
the  charge  of  Dr.  Stennett.  Ili.s  first  deep  impres- 
sions of  religious  truth  be  ascribed  to  a  sermon  by 
Samuel  Pearce,  of  Birmingham,  which  he  heard 
when  he  was  about  thirteen,  but  he  was  converted 
uniler  Dr.  Rippon's  ministry,  and  was  baptized  in 
1802.  His  gifts  for  public  service  being  recognized 
by  the  church  at  Devonshire  Square,  to  which  he 
had  united  himself  on  his  baptism,  he  was  or- 
dained July  11,  1816.  Ills  first  labors  were  given 
to  tlie  Baptist  Irish  Society,  then  recently  formed 
to  aid  in  reviving  the  ancient  Baptist  churches  in 
Ireland,  and  tu  diffuse  a  knowledge  of  the  gospel 
among  the  people.  He  preached  in  Dublin  for 
several  months  with  great  acceptance,  and  was 
invited  to  remain  permanently  independent  of  the 
society,  hut  he  proceeded  to  Clonmel,  and  during 
seven  years  evangelized  in  the  county  of  Tipperary 
with  apostolic  zeal.  His  ability  as  an  advocate  of 
the  claims  of  the  work  being  discovered,  he  was 
frequently  summoned  to  serve  the  society  as  its  dep- 
utatiiin.  In  the  years  1832-3.3  he  visited  the  United 
States,  and  was  received  with  great  pleasure.  He 
obtained  upwards  of  £1000,  and  dififused  valuable 
information  concerning  Irish  questions.  In  1837 
he  became  the  traveling  agent  of  the  society,  in 
■which  laborious  vocation  he  spent  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life.  He  fell  asleep  in  Jesus  Feb.  3, 
1856,  aged  seventy-two.  His  sons,  Dr.  George 
Henry  Davis  and  Stephen  J.  Davis,  were  for  many 
years  esteemed  ministers  among  the  English  Bap- 
tists. 

Davis,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  was  born  in  .Jasper  Co., 
Ga.,  Aug.  18,  ISJii,  and  died  Sept.  18,  187y,  at  his 
residence  in  Hephzibah.  A  graduate  of  Mercer 
University  in  1853,  he  settled  in  Burke  County  in 
1858,  and  in  the  course  of  time  became  one  of  the 
most  prominent  and  useful  ministers  of  the  Reho- 
both  Association.  He  was  often  its  moderator,  and 
pastor  of  a  number  of  its  churches,  including  Bark 
Camp,  Hopeful,  Bottsford,  and  Rocky  Creek.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  Ilepzibah  High  School  from  its 
commencement,  except  when  a  teacher  and  co-prin- 
cipal of  it,  from  1868  to  1875  inclusive.  From  1877 
until  his  death  he  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  Univer- 
sity. He  was  licensed  in  1847.  and  ordained  in 
1853.  Wm.  H.  Davis  was  a  man  of  classical  edu- 
cation, a  citizen  of  untarnished  reputation,  a  teacher 
of  rare  ability,  a  Christian  of  most  exemplary  de- 
portment, a  pastor  faithful  to  his  obligations,  a 
minister  of  the  gospel  surpassed  in  pulpit  power 
by  but  few,  if  any,  in  the  State.     He  was  clear  in 


the  presentation  of  Scriptural  truth,  logical  in  his 
I'casoning,  and  pathetic  in  his  appeals. 

Mr.  Davis  was  of  a  commanding  appearance, 
about  medium  height,  wcigliing  over  two  hundred 
pounds,  of  dark  complexion,  pleasant  expression 
of  countenance,  kind  and  genial  in  spirit,  and  of 
poli.shed  manners. 

Davol,  William  Hale,  M.D.,  was  horn  in 
Warren,  R.  I.,  July  3,  1823.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  by  Rev.  Dr.  Stockbridge,  at  the  time  prin- 
cipal of  the  Warren  Ladies'  Seminary.  lie  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University,  studied  medicine  in  his 
native  town,  and  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from 
the  Massachusetts  Medical  Schocil  in  IS.jO.  After 
having  practised  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  for  a  short 
time,  he  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Here,  for 
eleven  years,  he  was  occupied  with  the  duties  of  his 
profession,  in  which  he  was  rising  to  more  than 
ordinary  distinction,  when  he  was  arrested  in  the 
midst  of  his  prosperous  career  liy  the  disease  which 
deepened  into  a  settled  consumption ;  and  after 
resorting  to  all  methods  which  his  own  skill  and 
that  of  his  brother  physicians  suggested  to  avert 
the  dreaded  calamity,  he  returned  to  his  old  home  in 
AVarren  to  die.  Dr.  Davol  had  professed  his  faith 
in  Christ  in  Brooklyn,  and  joined  the  Bridge  Street 
Baptist  church  in  that  city,  becoming  one  of  its 
deacons,  and  living  the  life  and  setting  the  example 
of  a  consistent  Christian.  His  death  took  place  in 
Warren,  June  12,  1863. 

Dawson,  Hon.  George,  was  born  in  Falkirk, 
Scotland,  March  14,  1813.  At  eleven  years  of  age 
he  entered  a  printing-office,  and  was  thus  led  to 
adopt  the  profession  of  journalism.  He  has  a  varied 
and  accurate  knowledge  of  the  classics,  sciences, 
philosophy,  and  history.  He  has  been  a  reporter 
and  editor  for  forty-four  years;  for  thirty-nine 
years  he  has  been  the  proprietor  and  editor  of 
the  Albany  Evenimj  Jaurnal.  Under  his  manage- 
ment that  paper  has  held  a  high  position  among  the 
dailies  of  the  country.  He  is  an  ardent  friend  of 
his  political  party,  but  his  paper  has  never  violated 
the  laws  of  pure  and  honorable  journalism.  He 
has  made  it  the  advocate  of  freedom,  intelligence 
among  the  masses,  and  especially  of  free  schools. 
He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  Rochester  in 
1829,  Iry  Rev.  Dr.  C.  C.  Comstock,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  and  he  was  anxious  to  accom- 
pany his  son,  Grover  S.  Comstock.  the  missionary, 
to  Burmah,  as  printer,  but  circumstances  prevented 
him.  In  1830  he  entered  a  mission  Sunday-school 
as  teacher,  and  for  the  fifty  years  intervening  lie 
has  not  ceased  to  labor  in  that  field.  He  has  been 
for  many  years  a  liberal  supporter  of  our  great 
Baptist  enterprises,  and  a  helper  of  his  pastors  in 
tlieir  work.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Calvary  Bap- 
tist church,  and  he  was  regarded  as  a  safe  adviser 
and  as  an  efficient  co-worker  by  Drs.  Welch  and 


DA  WSON 


317 


DAY 


Bridfrman.  Aside  from  his  editorial  duties,  lie  luvs 
publislicd  '"The  Pleasures  of  Anfrlini;,''  a  work 
liif^lily  prized  liy  tlie  disciples  of  Isaak  AValton. 
For  six  yi'i'i"s  lie  filled  tlie  office  of  postmaster  in 
Albany.  \.  Y.,  and  for  seven  j'ears  that  of  park 
commissioner. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Samuel  G.,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  lf^34,  and  in  early  childhood  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Zanesville,  0.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
became  a  Christi.an,  and  for  some  years  was  en- 
gaged in  commercial  life.  Was  ordained  in  Jlay, 
1859,  as  pastor  of  the  Valley  church,  near  Marietta, 
O.,  where  he  remained  until  1863,  when  he  became 
a  missionary  pastor  in  East  Toledo,  under  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  Ohio  .State  Convention.  This  pas- 
torate was  very  successful.  In  the  eleven  years  he 
held  this  position  two  meeting-houses  were  built, 
and  tlie  church  grew  from  a  membership  of  8  to 
125. 

On  the  death  of  the  lamented  J.  B.  Sackett,  Mr. 
Dawson  was  elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Ohio  State  Convention.  lie  began  this  work  in 
January,  l!S75,  and  continued  in  it  until  Scptemlier 
5,  when  he  was  removed  by  death.  His  loss  was 
deeply  felt  throughout  the  entire  State.  Affable, 
earnest,  and  consecrated,  he  was  the  object  of  much 
affection,  and  his  early  departure  was  regarded  as 
a  severe  calamity  to  the  cause  of  Christ.  He  was 
a  conspicuous  instance  of  the  power  of  Christ  in 
the  human  heart  and  life. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Thomas,  died  at  Pendleton, 
S.  C,  June  29,  1880,  in  his  ninety-first  year.  He 
was  born  in  England  in  1790,  and  held  a  lieu- 
tenant's commission  in  the  British  army  at  the 
time  of  the  battle  of  AVaterloo,  though  he  was 
not  engaged  on  that  decisive  field.  He  was  liap- 
ti/.ed  Oct.  1,  1815,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1818;  he  was  ordained  in  1819.  The  Triennial 
Convention  sent  him  as  a  missionary  to  the  Chero- 
kee Indians  in  North  Carolina.  AVhen  they  were 
about  to  be  removed  ho  came  to  South  Carolina, 
where  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  life.  Ho  preached 
for  twenty  years  among  the  mountains,  and  he  was 
for  some  time  a  missionary  to  the  colored  people 
along  the  coast.  He  was  unable  to  preach  for 
several  years  before  his  death. 

Day,  Hon.  Albert,  was  born  in  Westfield, 
Mass.,  Nov.  29,  1797  ;  settled  in  Ilartfovcf,  Conn., 
in  1822 ;  became  a  successful  merchant;  was  con- 
verted, and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church; 
was  the  leader  in  the  formation  of  the  South  Bap- 
tist church  in  1834 ;  was  chosen  deacon  at  its  or- 
ganization, and  was  a  pillar  in  the  church  in  every 
respect  to  the  end  of  his  life ;  noted  for  his  num- 
berless acts  of  private  benevolence ;  a  remarkable 
friend  to  the  poor ;  his  house  always  open  to 
ministers:  a  generous  contributor  to  benevolent 
objects;  was  lieutcnantgovernor  of  Connecticut  in 


1856;  was  trustee  of  Brown  University,  also  trustee 
of  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  ;  superintendent 
of  the  .Soutli  Baptist  .Sunday-school  from  its  fornm- 
tion  till  laid  aside  by  infirmities,  and  distinguished 
in  this  position  and  in  founding  mission  schools  in 
the  city  of  Hartford  ;  left  two  sons  and  a  daughter ; 
died  Nov.  II,  1870,  nearly  seventy-nine  years  of 
age. 

Day,  Charles  B.,  for  many  years  at  the  head 
of  the  large  wholesale  and  retail  dry-goods  firm  of 
D.ay  Bros.  &  Co.,  of  Peoria,  111.,  was  born  in  Ches- 
terfield, N.  H.,  in  1821,  where  lie  joined  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  1850.  The  next  year  he  removed  to 
Brimfield,  111.,  wliere  he  found  a  small  Baptist 
church,  to  which,  to  its  great  joy,  he  immediately 
joined  himself,  though  assured  that  such  an  alliance 
would  not  be  favorable  to  his  business.  In  1860 
he  removed  to  Peoria,  and  liocame  a  member  of  the 
First  church  there,  and  continues  one  of  its  main 
supporters.  Though  not  a  man  of  fluent  speech, 
he  has  always  been  regular  in  his  attendance  upon 
church  appointments,  .and  has  ever  been  liberal  in 
his  contributions.  He  has  also  paid  considerable 
sums  to  Christian  education,  in  which  cause  his 
interest  is  intelligent  and  constant.  He  is  well 
known  in  the  State  as  a  successful  business  man,  a 
firm  Baptist,  an  uncompromising  friend  of  tem- 
perance. 

Day,  Rev.  George  E.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Shef- 
field. New  Brunswick,  Sept.  9,  1833;  convcrtiMl 
and  baptized  when  young,  he  entered  Acadia  Col- 
lege, September,  1851  ;  commenced  preaching  in 
1852 ;  taught  in  the  Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton, 
New  Brunswick,  also  in  a  collegiate  institute  in 
New  York ;  practised  medicine  in  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  June,  1868, 
where  he  still  ministers  with  success. 

Dr.  Day  is  a  good  preacher;  and  has  labored  as- 
siduously and  successfully  to  promote  unity  and 
efficiency  in  home  mission  work  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces. 

Day,  Henry,  D.D.,  oldest  son  of  Rev.  Ambrose 
and  Sarah  Day,  was  born  in  Westfield,  JIass.,  May, 
1818.  His  father,  an  earnest  Christian  (ordained 
when  ne.ar  middle  life  at  the  persistent  request  of 
his  brethren),  spent  liis  life  mainly  upon  a  farm, 
and  reared  a  large  family.  Having  eflicient  help- 
ers in  his  children,  he  was  usually  away  from 
home,  supplying  feeble  churches  witliin  a  radius 
of  forty  miles,  though  receiving  for  the  service  but 
a  pittance.  All  the  entire  youth  of  the  oldest  son 
was  spent  in  farm-work,  alternated  with  study, 
only  interrupted  by  a  single  winter's  teaching. 
When  nearing  his  majority,  with  an  iron  constitu- 
tion and  perfect  liealth,  with  little  more  than  nn 
ordinary  New  England  country  boy's  culture.  Imt 
with  luibits  of  industry,  with  a  fair  preparation  for 


DAY 


318 


DAT 


college,  and  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ,  he  en- 
tered the  Fre.sliinan  chiss  of  Brown  University, 
where  he  found  little  time  or  inclination  for  any- 
thinjc  but  legitimate  work.     His  sense  of  justice  to 


HENRT    DAV,  D.D. 

parents  and  brothers  would  not  allow  him  to  re- 
nuiin  dependent  upon  the  limited  means  or  strained 
credit  of  his  father.  At  the  close  of  his  second  year, 
he  became  assistant  in  the  Worcester  County  High 
School,  and  spent  in  it  one  of  the  most  profitable 
years  of  his  life.  Keturning  to  his  college  studies, 
■with  the  incubus  of  debt  mostly  removed,  he  grad- 
uated with  honor  in  the  class  of  1!S43.  Among  his 
classmates  were  Profs.  Huntington,  of  Columbian 
University,  Washington  ;  James,  of  Lewislnirg 
Univci-sity,  Pa.  ;  Robinson  P.  Dunn,  Professor 
of  Belles-Lettres,  and  Albert  Harkness,  for  these 
many  years  Professor  of  Greek  in  Brown  Uni- 
versity; and  Dr.  Lyman  Jewett,  the  Nestor  of  our 
foreign  missions.  Mr.  Day  had  long  purposed  to 
preach  the  gospel ;  but  justice  to  his  creditors  de- 
manded immediate  work  more  productive;  and  he 
accepted  the  position  of  first  teacher  in  the  Provi- 
dence High  School,  in  which  he  spent  three  and  a 
half  years.  He  shrank  from  incurring  further 
liabilities  until  the  means  of  meeting  them,  earned 
by  his  personal  efforts,  had  been  secureil.  He  ob- 
tained from  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Providence, 
of  which  he  was  for  ten  years  a  member,  a  license  to 
preach,  and  accepted  the  professorship  of  Mathe- 
matics in  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  then  under  the 
presidency  of  Dr.  Howard  Malcom.  Two  years 
later,  he  accepted  a  pressing  invitation  to  the  pro- 


fessorship of  Physical  Science,  and  returned  to 
New  England,  where  he  spent  the  year  under  emi- 
nent instructors  at  Brown  and  Harvard  Universi- 
ties, in  prosecuting  the  studies  of  his  prosjiective 
chair.  At  the  close  of  the  year,  he  returned  to 
Kentucky,  his  expectation  being  (in  addition  to 
his  collegiate  work)  to  preach  whenever  opportu- 
nity might  be  offered.  But  lie  found  Dr.  Malcom 
just  retiring  from  the  college;  and  at  the  close  of 
yet  another  year  such  changes  had  occurred  in  the 
political  world  and  in  public  sentiment  as  con- 
vinced him  that  he  might  anticipate  a  larger  suc- 
cess in  another  latitude,  and,  as  he  hoped,  exclu- 
sively in  tlie  pulpit.  He  returned  to  the  North, 
and  at  once  entered  upon  ministerial  work  as  pas- 
tor of  the  church  in  Ashland.  Mass.  A  yeivr  later, 
the  impaired  health  of  his  wife,  together  with  the 
advice  of  many  l)rethren.  induced  him  to  accept 
the  chair  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Astronomy,  and 
Civil  Engineering  in  Brown  University.  Two  and 
a  half  years  later,  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Broa<l  Street  church,  Philadelphia.  Tliis  removal, 
however,  came  too  late  to  prolong  the  life  of  his 
wife ;  but  it  availed  to  return  Mr.  Day  to  his  best 
loved  work  in  the  pulpit.  Two  years  afterwards, 
the  gravest  indications  of  serious  throat  and  lung 
difficulties  compelled  him,  after  five  years  of  ser- 
vice, to  retire  from  this  greatly  endeared  pastorate, 
with  but  small  hope  of  ever  again  preaching  Jesus. 
After  two  years  of  rest  and  change,  however,  his 
health  was  so  far  restored  that  he  ventured  to  re- 
turn to  the  pulpit;  and  in  it  was  allowed  to  accom- 
plish what  he  has  of  late  regarded  as  the  main  work 
of  his  life.  The  pastorate  of  the  First  Bajitist  church, 
Indianapolis  (made  vacant  liy  the  resignation  of 
J.  B.  Simmons,  D.D.),  was  strongly  urged  upon  his 
acceptance,  and,  for  the  accomplishment,  as  he 
thought,  of  one  specific  work,  was  cordially  ac- 
cepted. But,  as  years  passed,  the  health  of  the 
pastor  bec.ime  confirmed;  and  the  work,  which,  ac- 
cording to  his  plan,  was  to  have  lasted  for  two  or 
three  years  only,  continued  pleasantly  to  himself 
and  profitably  as  it  seemed  to  the  church,  until 
Mr.  Day  found  himself  by  many  years  the  senior 
pastor  in  the  city  (outside  of  the  Komisli  Church). 
The  church,  which  he  had  found  destitute  of  a 
house  and  much  depressed,  became  one  of  the 
strongest  and  most  efficient  in  the  Northwest,  set- 
ting an  example  of  intelligent  enterprise  and  large 
benevolence. 

After  fifteen  years  of  uninterrupted  work,  with 
many  tokens  of  divine  as  well  as  human  favor,  and 
especially  many  evidences  of  the  sustaining  power 
of  the  grace  of  God,  he  retired  from  the  long  pas- 
torate which  he  dearly  loved,  and  which  he  had  re- 
peatedly refu.sed  to  exchange  for  others  in  distant 
States.  In  1861  he  received  from  Denison  Uni- 
versity the  degree  of  D.D.     He  still  resides  in  In- 


DAY 


319 


DA rroN 


diimapolis.  In  the  city  and  in  the  State,  and 
through  the  denomination  at  large,  he  enjoys  the 
con6dence  and  esteem  due  his  transparent  in- 
tegrity, his  clear  judgment,  his  unselfish  devotion 
to  the  general  good,  and  his  elevated  piet}'. 

Day,  LarkinB.,  was  torn  in  Chesterfield,  N.  H., 
in  Deeeniljer.  1S:!1.  Removing  to  Bromfield,  111., 
in  18oJ,  he  was  there  eonverted  and  haptized :  hut 
in  18J4  his  residence  having  been  changed  to  Peoria, 
he  became  a  member  of  the  First  church  there, 
Kev.  II.  G.  Weston  being  the  pastor.  Although 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Day  Brothers  he  has 
found  the  claims  of  business  pressing,  he  has 
always  found  time  to  give  needed  attention  to 
higher  concerns.  As  a  friend  and  leader  of  the 
young  people  in  the  church,  as  a  free  and  cheerful 
participant  in  prayer  and  social  meetings,  as  an 
occasional  occupant  of  the  pulpit,  as  a  lay  preacher, 
and  as  an  ardent  friend  of  the  temperance  cause, 
alike  in  private  and  in  official  positions,  Larkin  B. 
Da}"  is  held  in  high  appreciation  by  the  citizens  of 
Peoria  and  throughout  the  State.  He  is  at  present 
(ISSU)  a  member  of  the  city  council. 

Day,  Rev.  Samuel  Steams,  was  bom  in  Leeds 
County,  Upper  Canada,  in  1S08.  He  became  a 
student  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution  in  1831.  He  shortened  his  term  of 
study  in  order  to  accept  an  appointment  as  a  mis- 
sionary, was  ordained  at  Cortland,  N.  Y..  Aug.  3, 
1835,  and  on  the  20th  of  the  ne.xt  month  sailed 
from  Boston  to  Calcutta,  arriving  there  in  Febru- 
ary, 1836.  He  spent  one  year  at  Vizigapatam  in 
the  study  of  the  language,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
this  period  removed  to  Madras,  in  which  place  and 
its  neighborhooil  he  spent  several  years,  doing  faith- 
fully his  missionary  work.  He  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Nellore  in  1840,  spending  five  years  of 
earnest  labor,  which  was  accompanied  with  a  rich 
harvest.  Under  the  exhausting  labors  of  so  many 
years  his  health  failed,  and  he  returned  to  this 
country  to  recruit  his  wasted  energies.  A  little 
more  than  two  years  were  spent  at  home,  when, 
leaving  wife  and  children,  he  returned  to  the  field 
of  his  former  toil,  to  work  on  for  five  years  as  a 
missionary  of  the  cross  among  the  Teloogoos.  It 
is  not  for  us  to  say  how  intimate  may  have  been 
the  connection  between  the  seed-sowing  of  Mr.  Day 
and  his  associates  and  the  glorious  ingathering,  of 
which  we  have  heard  sn  much.  The  end  of  these 
five  years  of  consecration  to  his  great  work  found 
Mr.  Day  once  more  prostrated,  and  compelled  him 
to  leave  the  field  now  ripening  for  the  harvest, 
and  seek  in  this  country  if  possible,  once  more,  res- 
toration to  health.  What  he  sought  he  did  not  find. 
.Several  months  were  passed  not  so  much  doing  as 
suffering  the  will  of  God.  Death  at  last  came  to 
his  relief,  and  he  departed  this  life  in  1871. 

As  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Telooffoo  mission 


Mr.  Day  will  always  fill  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
history  of  Baptist  missions.  His  field  was  a  large 
one.  The  Teloogoos  number  more  than  14,000.000 
of  people,  occupying  a  territory  extending  about 
GOO  miles  upon  the  sea-coast,  and  400  miles  into 
the  interior  of  Ilindostan.  To  carry  on  missionary 
work  alone  among  a  strange  people,  subjected  to 
the  caste  system  in  all  its  iron  rigidity,  with  but 
little  to  encourage  them  from  the  sympathy  of  fel- 
low-laborers, Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day  worked  lor  years. 
They  laid  foundations  upon  which  others  iiave 
erected  the  structure  which  now  is  so  rapidly  going 
up.  It  has  justly  been  said  of  him  that  "  as  an 
example  of  consecration,  giving  himself  and  all 
that  he  had  to  the  mission  ;  of  strong  faith,  waver- 
ing not  in  purpose,  nor  ceasing  in  effort  when  other 
and  strong  hearts  failed  and  strong  hands  were 
turned  to  other  fields,  his  name  justly  deserves  an 
honorable  place  in  the  list  of  missionary  heroes." 

Dayton,  Rev,  A.  C,  M.D,,  was  bom  at  Plain- 
field,  X.  J.,  mar  Xew  York  City,  Sept.  4.  1813. 
When  twelve  years  old  he  united  with  the  Presby- 
terian church.  At  sixteen,  on  account  of  weakness 
of  the  eyes,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  village 
school,  which  up  to  this  time  he  had  regularly  at- 
tended. Afterwards  he  taught  school,  and  continned 
in  this  occupation  for  a  year.  He  determined  to 
become  a  physician,  and  although  he  continued  to 
teach  at  intervals,  it  was  a  long  time  before  he  could 
read  the  amount  that  was  necessary,  his  sight 
being  poor.  He,  however,  employed  a  boy  to  read 
to  him,  and  by  continual  effort  acquired  the  habit 
of  remembering  everything  he  heard  or  read,  so 
that  he  improved  very  rapidly.  Slowly  he  thus 
worked  his  way  through  the  Medical  College  of 
New  Y'ork  City,  and  received  bis  diploma  in  1834, 
in  the  twenty-second  year  of  his  age.  He  began 
at  once  the  practice  of  medicine,  but  soon  found 
the  duties  too  great  for  his  feeble  health,  and  so 
the  profession  was  relinquished.  He  then  went 
South,  seeking  for  a  more  congenial  climate,  and 
for  a  while  was  engaged  in  lecturing  on  phrenology 
and  temperance ;  and,  stopping  in  the  town  of 
Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  he  formed  an  acquaintance  with 
Miss  Lucie  Harrison,  which  resulted  in  their  mar- 
riage. Mr.  Dayton  not  long  after  set  out  for 
Florida,  hoping  that  its  balmy  air  would  restore 
his  already  diseased  lungs.  After  a  residence  in 
that  State  of  about  three  years,  he  removed  to 
Columbus,  Miss.,  and  from  it  to  Vicksburg.  About 
this  time  he  became  dissatisfied  with  his  church  re- 
lations, and  in  18.o2,  after  years  of  careful  and 
prayerful  investigation,  he  became  a  Baptist.  In 
September,  1852,  on  the  next  Sabbath  after  his 
baptism,  he  preached  his  first  sermon.  His  theme 
was,  "The  love  of  God,"'  and  it  was  his  last  as 
well  as  his  first  sermon.  It  was  delivered  with 
great  unction  and  power.     Afterwards  he  accepted 


DEACONS 


320 


DEAN 


the  agency  of  the  Bible  Biiiird  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  then  located  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  and  as  corresponding  secretary  he  soon  be- 
came widely  known  throughout  the  South.  In 
July,  1855,  he  removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where, 
in  connection  with  his  duties  as  secretary  of  the 
Bible  Board,  he  became  associate  editor  of  the 
Tennessee  liuptisl.  and  the  author  of  hcverid  books. 
The  first,  "  Theodosia,''  a  denoniinatiomd  work, 
was  received  with  unusual  favor  and  rapidly  ran 
through  several  editions,  whose  populai-ity  is  now 
evinced  by  its  being  eagerly  sought  for  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic.  This  was  followed  liy  the 
'■  Infidel's  Daughter,"  a  work  of  great  ability. 
Several  other  publications  in  the  Sunday-school  de- 
partment soon  followed,  all  of  which  met  with  the 
most  favorable  reception  everywhere.  The  war 
coming  on,  Dr.  Dayton  removed  with  his  family  to 
Perry,  Ga.,  where  he  temporarily  assumed  the 
presidency  of  Houston  Female  College.  lie  was 
•also  actively  eng.iged  with  his  pen  as  an  editorial 
contributor  of  the  Baptist  Banner,  then  published 
at  Atlanta,  and  in  preparing  a  religious  encyclo- 
paedia, which  he  designed  to  be  the  crowning  work 
of  his  life.  But  consumption  cut  short  his  labors, 
and  he  died  calmly,  June  11,  1865,  at  his  home  in 
Perry,  Ga.  He  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  that 
city,  where  his  remains  peacefully  rest.  His  family 
reside  in  Shelbyville,  Tenn. 

Deacons, — The  word  diakonos  means  an  attend- 
ant, a  servant,  one  who  waits  upon  guests  at  a 
table.  The  first  deacons  were  elected  at  Jerusalem 
by  the  church  of  that  city  at  the  request  of  tlie 
apostles,  that  they  might  .minister  to  the  necessities 
of  the  poor  saints,  or  as  Luke  says,  that  they  might 
"serve  tables."  In  Acts  vi.  1-6,  there  is  an  ac- 
count of  the  institution  of  this  benevolent  office. 
\o  doubt  inspiration  suggested  it  to  "  the  twelve''  ; 
and  ever  since  in  each  true  church  on  eartii  there 
has  been  a  class  of  men  whose  special  duty  it  is  to 
provide  for  the  wants  of  the  poor  of  the  body  to 
wliich  they  belong,  and  to  administer  the  funds 
obtained  as  they  are  needed.  The  Scriptural  dea- 
con is  not  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  in  virtue  of  his 
deaconship ;  he  may  preach  occasionally,  and  so 
may  a  private  member. 

Deacons,  with  the  pastor,  are  often  the  disciplin- 
ary committee  of  the  church  ;  they  frequently  give 
invaluable  assistance  to  the  minister,  and  from  an 
extended  experience  with  deacons,  we  are  prepared 
to  say  that  they  render  immense  service  to  the 
churches. 

"  Likewise,"  says  Paul,  "  must  the  deacons  be 
grave,  not  double-tongued,  not  given  to  much  wine, 
not  greedy  of  filthy  lucre,  holding  the  mystery  of 
the  faith  in  a  pure  conscience,"  etc. — 1  Tim.  iii.  8, 
13. 

Sean,  Hon.  Benjamin  W.,  was  born  in  Grafton, 


Vt.,  in  1827.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
his  native  place  when  he  was  but  eleven  years  of 
age.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  the 
class  of  1848.  in  which  he  tnok  high  rank  as  a 
scholar.  The  profession  of  law  had  special  attrac- 
tions for  him,  and  he  pursued  his  legal  studies  at 
the  law  school  in  Ballsi>ton  Spa,  N.  Y.  Having 
practised  law  for  a  short  time  in  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  he 
returned  to  Vermont,  was  appuinted  register  of 
probate  for  the  district  of  Westminster,  and  took 
up  his  residence  in  Bellows  Falls  for  a  time,  and 
then  returned  to  his  native  place,  Grafton.  He  held 
several  public  positions,  among  them  the  office  of 
Secretary  of  State  for  four  years.  He  was  highly 
respected  as  a  citizen  ami  a  Christian.  His  death 
occurred  Jul}'  6,  1864. 

Dean,  Rev.  Myron  M.,  was  born  in  1813;  was 
a  graduate  of  Middltbury  College  and  the  Newton 
Tlieological  Institution.  His  first  pastorate  was 
with  the  Third  Baptist  church  of  Providence,  R.  I., 
where  he  enjoyed  a  revival  of  religion,  the  results 
of  which  were  an  addition  to  the  church  of  more 
than  one  hundred  converts.  He  remained  in 
Providence  three  years,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  where  he  continued  seven  years. 
Trouble  with  his  ej'es  obliged  him  to  lay  aside  all 
ministerial  work  for  a  time.  When  his  health  was 
somewhat  recovered,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as 
agent  of  the  Publication  Society,  and  afterwards  of 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Hoping 
to  be  able  to  continue  his  ministerial  work,  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Warren,  K.  I., 
church.  Again,  and  for  the  same  reason,  he  was 
obliged  to  give  up  the  ministry.  The  last  years 
of  his  life  were  devoted  to  secular  business.  lie  died 
at  Cambridge,  Mass..  March  30,  1861. 

Dean,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Morrisville, 
N.  Y.,  .June  21,  1807.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and 
was  ordained  in  his  native  town,  Morrisville,  in 
June,  1834.  He  received  an  appointment  to  the 
foreign  mission  field,  and  sailed  from  Boston, 
July  3,  1834.  His  destination  was  Siam  ;  he  was 
to  be  associated  with  Rev.  J.  T.  Jones  in  Bang- 
kok, and  to  direct  his  special  attention  to  the 
Chinese  in  that  city.  He  had  so  far  learned  the 
dialect — the  Tie  Chin — that  he  was  able  to  preach 
in  Chinese  the  last  Sabbath  in  August,  1835,  to  a 
congregation  of  30  persons.  Dr.  Dean  had  the 
usual  experiences  of  missionary  life  for  several 
years.  The  Word  was  preached  ;  converts  made 
from  time  fo  time ;  labor  interrupted  occasionally 
by  sickness,  and  then  resumed  after  a  time:  and 
thus  the  Chinese  department  of  the  Siam  mission 
could  show  signs  of  progress  from  year  to  year.  In 
1842,  ill  health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  the 
field  for  a  season.  When  he  resumed  missionary 
work,    with    special    reference    to    teaching    the 


DEANE 


321 


DEANE 


Chinese,  hecoinnjenceil  liis  labors  in  IIoni;-Knnj;,  in 
October,  1842.  In  the  spring  of  1840  he  returned  to 
the  United  States,  after  an  absence  of  eleven  years. 
Ilavinj;  .spent  a  year  in  this  country,  lie  resumed 
his  work  in  Hong-Kong  in  the  fall  of  1S47,  and  re- 
niainc<l  abroad  until  1>S54,  when  he  again  visited 
America,  remaining  here  until  ISO.j,  when  he  once 
more  took  up  the  work  in  Bangkok.  At  the  end 
of  his  first  year's  work  he  writes,  "'  I  expect  not 
to  be  happier  in  the  present  world  than  I  have  been 
during  the  present  year.''  His  labors  had  been 
nobly  blessed,  and  have  continued  to  be  up  to  the 
present  time.  His  record,  up  to  the  report  of 
1876,  was  six  Chinese  churches  gathered,  the 
superintendence  of  the  building  of  four  Chinese 
chapels,  the  ordination  of  three  Chinese  pastors, 
and  the  training  of  two  others,  and  the  baptism  of 
339  Chinese  disciples,  twelve  of  whom  became 
preachers  of  the  gospel.  In  April,  1876,  Dr.  Dean 
left  Bangk(^k  and  again  visited  his  native  land,  and 
spent  six  months  in  it,  embarking  at  San  Francisco 
the  following  November  for  his  home  in  Siam. 
Forty-four  years  ago  he  consecrated  himself  to  his 
work.  No  missionary  has  more  thoroughly  won 
the  respect  and  affection  of  his  brethren  than  the 
now  venerable  and  beloved  missionary  of  Bangkok, 
wliom  God  has  so  honored  as  a  faithful  ambassador 
of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 

Deane,  John  H.,  EsC[.,  was  bom  in  Canada ; 
removed  to  the  United  States  at  an  early  age ;  pre- 
pared for  college  in  the  Brockport  Collegiate  In- 
stitute, X.  Y.,  and  commenced  his  course  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester.  In  1SG2.  the  civil  war  having 
commenced,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  140th 
Regiment  N.  Y.  Vols.  During  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  he  was  captured,  and  after  heroically 
enduring  the  hardships  of  prison  life,  he  was  ex- 
changed. He  then  entered  the  navy,  and  faith- 
fully served  his  country  till  the  close  of  the  war. 
After  the  required  course  of  study  was  completed 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  choosing  the 
real  estate  branch  of  the  profession,  he  has  pur- 
sued it  with  great  success.  For  several  years  he 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Calvary  Bap- 
tist church  of  New  York,  and  a  member  of  its 
board  of  trustees.  He  is  one  of  the  most  generous 
supporters  of  the  church  and  the  benevolent  insti- 
tutionsof  the  Baptists.  He  has  contributed  SIOO.OOO 
for  the  endowment  of  Rochester  University,  and 
S'2.5,000  for  the  endowment  of  the  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  He  has  given  largely  for  the 
New  York  Baptist  Home,  for  home  and  foreign 
missions,  and  for  the  work  of  church  extension, 
especially  in  the  city  of  New  York.  He  is  too 
mndest  to  publish  his  gifts  ;  and  he  has  undoubtedly 
made  large  donations  unknown  to  the  public. 

Deane,  Richard,  Major-Oeneral,  and  Gen- 
eral at  Sea,  was  born  at  Guyting  Poller,  England, 


in  1610.  He  had  charge  of  the  artillery  at  the 
battle  of  Naseby,  and  gave  much  help  in  securing 
the  great  victory  achieved  over  Charles  I.  at  that 
place.  He  was  so  completely  in  the  confidence  of 
Cromwell  that  he  was  taken  by  him  to  a  celebrated 
private  meeting  composed  of  a  limited  number  of 
chosen  friends  to  discuss  "  The  Settlement  of  the 
Kingdom."  He  was  a  member  of  "'  The  High 
Court  of  Justice''  that  tried  and  condemned  King 
Charles.  A  month  after  the  death  of  the  king, 
Deane  was  appointed  one  of  the  "Generals  at 
Sea."  The  two  others  were  Edward  Popham  and 
the  brave  Robert  Blake.  Gen.  Deane  contributed 
largely  to  the  crushing  victory  of  AVorcester,  where 
he  held  the  rank  of  major-general  and  commanded 
a  division.  Soon  after  this  battle  he  and  Gen. 
Lambert  were  appointed  to  the  civil  and  military 
government  of  Scotland,  and  on  the  retirement  of 
Lambert  he  was  elevated  to  the  supreme  command 
of  •Scotland  by  land  and  sea.  The  general  was 
killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  North  Foreland,  June 
2,  16.J3. 

His  enemies  admitted  his  great  courage,  and 
while  his  friends  rejoiced  in  his  bravery,  they 
gloried  in  "  his  deep-rooted  piety."  The  periodical 
literature  of  the  day  described  him  as  "  a  valiant 
and  godly  gentleman.'' 

A  descendant  of  the  "  General  at  Sea,"  a  London 
Episcopal  clergyman,  published  in  1870  "  The  Life 
of  Richard  Deane,'"  etc.,  in  which  he  thrice  ex- 
presses the  conviction  that  he  was  a  Baptist.*  He 
quotes  one  of  the  lampoons  of  the  Royalists  of 
1649,  written  on  the  occasion  of  his  ap])ointment 
as  a  general  at  sea.  in  which  the  sailors  are  recom- 
mended to  "  new  dip  Deane'  by  throwing  him  over- 
board. This,  as  the  Rev.  John  Bathurst  Deane 
rightly  judges,  had  reference  to  the  general's  im- 
mersion as  a  Baptist. 

He  held  our  doctrine  of  soul  lilierty  as  no  one  in 
that  day  but  a  decided  Baptist  grasped  it.  His 
form  of  expressing  liberty  of  conscience  was  strik- 
ing,— ''  Neither  to  compel,  nor  to  be  compelled  in 
matters  of  consciences^ 

Gen.  Deane  had  a  public  funeral  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  "  The  hearse  was  received  at  the  west 
door  of  the  Abbey  by  the  great  officers  of  state, 
and  the  coffin  was  borne  by  a  select  party  of  sol- 
diers to  Henry  the  Seventh's  chapel,  and  deposited 
in  one  of  the  royal  vaults."!  The  general-admiral 
was  the  first  and  the  last  Baptist  in  England  who 
slept,  even  for  a  few  years,  in  a  royal  vault.  But 
he  gave  the  memorable  chapel  a  holier  consecration 
than  any  regal  slumberer  within  its  walls.  Oliver 
Cromwell,  the  greatest  king,   with   or  without  a 


•  The  Life  of  Kichanl  Deano,  etc.,  pp-  24«,  289,  536. 
t  Idem.  p.  5:iC. 
J  Idem,  p.  1570. 


DEARBORN 


322 


DECKMANN 


crown  or  a  sovereign  title,  that   ever  wielded   the 
destinies  of  Britain,  was  at  the  funeral. 

Dearborn,  0.  J. — A  native  of  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
■where  he  was  horn  Aug.  21,  1823.  When  about 
twelve  years  of  age  he  was  hopefully  converted. 
He  coniinenced  a  course  of  study  at  the  Literary 
and  Theological  Institute  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
having  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  view.     Owing 


in  AVisconsin  than  Mr.  Dearborn.  He  died  June 
6,  1SV2.  in  the  city  of  his  adoption,  aged  forty-eight. 
De  Blois,  Rev.  Stephen  W.,  A.M.,  was  born 
in  1827.  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia;  graduated  from 
Acadia  College  in  June,  1846;  studied  theology  at 
Newton ;  was  ordained  pastor  at  Chester,  Nova 
.Scotia.  Feb.  26,  1854.  He  became,  in  LS.'J.'i,  pastor 
of  the  First  Horton  church,  the  pioneer  church  of 


RICHARD    DEAXE,    M AJclIt-CEXERAL    AXD    CEXEUAL    AT    SEA. 


to  the  failure  of  his  health  he  abandoned  bis  pur- 
pose to  enter  the  ministry,  and  turned  liis  attention 
to  business.  He  came  to  -Janesville,  Wis.,  in  1S47. 
The  Baptist  church  tjeingwithouta  pastor,  in  July, 
1849,  Mr.  Dearborn,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of 
the  church,  consented  occasionally  to  supply  the 
pulpit.  In  February.  18.50,  he  gave  up  his  business 
and  devoted  himself  to  preaching  the  gospel.  Tlie 
church  very  soon  called  him  to  the  pastorate.  He 
was  ordained  in  December,  1850.  He  held  tliis 
position  until  May,  1854,  when  he  retired  from  the 
pulpit.  For  nearly  twenty-five  years  be  was  iden- 
tified with  the  Baptist  church  in  Janesville.  He 
was  its  senior  de.aeon,  chairman  of  its  board  of 
trustees,  its  Sabliath-school  superintemlent.  He 
gave  time  and  consecrated  his  powers  to  the  welfare 
of  that  church  with  rare  devotion  and  .self-denial. 
He  was  connected  with  all  the  denominational 
movements  in  the  State,  and  no  layman  contributed 
more  of  time  and  wise  counsel  and  performed  more 
hard  work  in  the  establishment  of  Baptist  interests 


the  Maritime  Provinces,  and  he  has  the  distin- 
guished honor  of  being  the  third  pastor  of  that  com- 
munity since  its  organization  in  October,  1778. 
He  has  occupied  this  field  of  usefulness  for  twenty- 
five  years.  Mr.  De  Blois  is  a  governor  of  Acadia 
College,  and  the  worthy  secretary  of  its  board. 

Deckmann,  Rev.  E.  I.,  a  useful  and  esteemed 
German  Baptist  pastor,  was  born  in  July,  1832,  in 
Copenhagen,  capital  of  Denmark.  Mr.  Deckmann 
received  his  early  training  in  the  German  city  of 
Sihleswig,  where  his  father  subsequently  resided 
as  an  officer  of  the  crown.  In  1853,  as  a  youth  of 
twenty-one  years,  he  emigrated  to  America,  and 
was  converted  and  baptized  at  Piqua,  Miami  Co., 
0.,  under  the  labors  of  Rev.  I.  W.  Osborn,  be- 
coming a  member  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  at 
Piqua.  From  1853  to  1862  he  studied  at  Denison 
University,  Gr.anville.  0. ;  from  1862  to  the  close 
of  the  war  he  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  U.  S. 
I  army.  From  1S65  to  1866  he  studied  in  the  Ger- 
!  man  department  of  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 


BE  LANEY 


323 


DE  LA  NET 


nary.  Since  that  time  he  has  labored  successfully 
as  missionary  and  pastor  with  the  German  churches 
of  Davenport,  Iowa,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  and  Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he  is  at  present. 
Mr.  Deckraann  is  a  member  of  the  German  Mis- 
sionary Committee  of  the  Eastern  Conference,  is 
energetic  and  laborious,  exerts  a  good  influence  in 
the  churches,  and  enjoys  general  esteem.  lie  has 
frequently  presided  as  moderator  over  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  Eastern  German  Baptist  Confer- 
ence. 

De  Laney,  Rev.  James,  one  of  the  best-known 
ministers  in  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  Ballymore, 
County  of  Galway,  Ireland,  in  February,  1804. 
Here  and  at  Castlereagh  he  passed  his  early  child- 
hood and  youth.  His  parents  were  Catholics  and 
of  Celtic  blood.  In  the  faith  of  this  church  he 
was  educated  with  the  most  painstaking  care.  Re- 
lations on  his  father's  side  were  Roman  Catholic 
priests.  A  lirother  ministers  at  a  Catholic  altar, 
and  he  himself  was  designed  by  a  devoted  mother 
for  the  same  office,  but  being  left  fatherless  and 
motherless  while  quite  young,  that  hope  sank  with 
his  mother  into  the  grave.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  left  his  native  land  forever,  and  went  to  the 
city  of  London  to  seek  a  livelihood.  After  much 
hardship  and  many  disappointments,  and  a  sore 
struggle  with  poverty,  in  a  moment  of  desperation 
he  enlisted  in  the  English  army.  His  destination 
was  Madras,  one  of  the  principal  points  occupied 
by  the  East  India  Company,  which  he  reached  with 
224  comrades  in  .Januai-y,  1827.  These  early  steps 
in  his  life  are  only  links  in  a  wonderful  chain  of 
providences.  Long  and  rigid  discipline  had  made 
him  an  expert  as  an  artillerist,  and  in  1830  he  was 
detailed,  with  the  corps  with  which  he  was  con- 
nected, on  special  artillery  service  to  Maulm.ain,  in 
Burmah.  This  brought  him  under  the  influence 
and  preaching  of  the  American  missionaries  Jud- 
8on  and  Kineaid,  then  located  at  JIaulmain.  In 
Mr.  De  Laney's  early  life,  after  the  death  of  his 
mother,  he  enjoyed  for  a  time  the  society  and  in- 
struction of  some  devout  Catholics, — mostly  women 
connected  with  an  orphanage.  These  teachings  be 
regarded  as  of  the  highest  value,  and  although  his 
mind  was  dark  as  midnight  on  all  the  vital  doc- 
trines of  God's  Word,  and  especially  on  his  plan  to 
save  sinners  through  the  death  of  Christ,  these 
early  lessons  in  regard  to  his  relations  to  his  Maker 
and  his  law,  his  own  depravity  and  corrupt  nature, 
had  much  to  do  in  restraining  him  from  open 
vice,  and  prepared  the  way  for  his  receiving  the 
gospel.  The  earnest  preaching  of  Mr.  Kineaid 
at  once  found  its  way  to  his  heart.  After  some 
weeks  of  most  pungent  conviction  for  sin,  he  ob- 
tained a  joyful  hope  in  Christ,  .and  was  baptized 
by  Mr.  Kineaid,  March  23,  1831,  in  tlic  Saluen 
River,   about  twenty-five  miles   from   the  "  Hnpia 


j  Tree."     Subsequently,  in    conversation  with    Dr. 

'  Judson,  he  spoke  to  him  of  the  work  of  the  Chris- 
tian ministry  :  pointed  out  to  him  the  broad  valley 
of  the  Mississippi  in  his  own  land,  and  its  great 
need  of  home  mission  labor,  and  urged  upon  him 
the  work  of  preparation.  He  at  once,  through  the 
influence  of  the  American  missionaries,  secured  his 
release  from  the  English  army  and  came  to  America. 
He  entered  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  In- 
stitution, and  took  the  usual  ministerial  course  pro- 
vided at  that  early  day.  Upon  leaving  the  institution 
at  Hamilton  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Broadalbin.  N.  Y.,  where  he  was 
ordained  Jan.  10,  1838,  and  married  to  Tirzah  A. 
Piatt,  April  2,  1839.  In  1S39  he  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Ticonderoga, 
N.  Y.  After  serving  the  churches  as  pastor  at 
Granville  and  Kingsbury,  N.  Y.,  he  came  to  Wis- 
consin in  1844,  and  settled  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  East  Troy.  Here  he  renuiined  seven  years, 
gathering  one  of  the  largest  and  most  useful 
churches  in  the  Territory.  He  was  pastor  at  Ilor- 
icon,  Sparta.  Port  Washington,  and  Whitewater, 
Wis.  For  six  years  he  was  exploring  missionary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  in 
the  State  at  large.  He  was  the  general  missionary 
of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conventinn  for  three 
years.  In  .addition  to  these  labors.  Mr.  De  L.aney 
supplied  the  vacant  pulpits  of  a  score  or  more  of 
feeble  Baptist  churches,  and  in  the  early  history  of 
the  State  made  frequent  tours  of  exploration  to 
visit  the  outposts  and  frontiers  to  find  and  feed  the 
scattered  flock  of  God.  JIany  of  these  tours  m.ide 
along  the  AVisconsin  and  Mississippi  are  as  full  of 
wild  adventure,  thrilling  incident,  and  heroic  en- 
durance as  those  made  by  his  revered  friend  and 
father,  Kineaid,  along  the  Irrawaddy  and  the 
Saluen.  Mr.  De  Laney's  name  stands  connected 
with  almost  every  institution  bearing  the  Baptist 
name  in  the  State.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  State  Convention,  he  took  an  active  part  in 
establishing  Wayland  Academy,  and  he  was  prom- 
inent in  forming  nearly  all  the  Associations  in  the 
State.  During  the  war  Mr.  De  Laney  was  chapl.ain 
of  the  18th  Regiment  of  Wis.  Vols.  He  w.as  present 
with  his  regiment  at  Pittsburg  Landing. 

It  is  not  possible  to  give  the  results  of  Mr.  De 
Laney's  labors,  as  he  has  not  preserved  all  the  facts 
of  his  long  and  useful  services  to  the  Master.  Fre- 
quent revivals  have  blessed  his  ministry.  Strong 
men  in  the  pulpit,  able  professors  in  institutions  of 
le.arning.  and  pillars  in  the  churches  East  and  West 
were  led  to  Christ  through  his  preaching.  Mis- 
sionaries converted  by  his  instrumentality  have 
been  sent  back  to  Asia,  where  he  himself  found  a 
Saviour.  But  chiefly  in  his  missionary  labors  will 
Mr.  De  Laney  be  best  known  and  longest  remem- 
bered. 


DELAUNE 


324 


DELAWARE 


Delaune,  Thomas,  was  born  at  Brini,  three 
miles  from  Ri^gsdale,  Ireland.  His  parents  were 
Roman  Catholics.  In  his  boyhood  he  showed  re- 
markable talents,  whieh  led  the  landlord  of  his 
parents  to  send  him  to  the  friary  at  Kilcrash  to  be 
educated.  He  made  the  best  of  the  advantages 
placed  at  his  disposal  in  this  institution,  and  left 
it  with  a  superior  knowledj^e  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages.  His  acquisitions  he  continually 
increased  until  he  became  a  scholar  ii\  the  tongues 
we  have  named,  with  few,  if  any,  superiors,  and 
not  many  equals. 

About  sixteen  he  was  converted  through  the 
instrumentality  of  Jlr.  Bamptield,  but  persecution 
drove  him  from  Ireland  to  England.  In  London 
he  commenced  a  school  for  teaching  the  higher 
branches  of  an  English  education  and  the  Greek 
and  Latin  tongues.  His  efforts  were  attended  by 
a  goodly  measure  of  success.  He  united  with  the 
Baptists,  and  became  speedily  one  of  the  most 
valued  men  among  our  brethren  in  London.  He 
rendered  scholarly  aid  to  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Keach 
in  preparing  the  most  popular  of  his  works  for  the 
press.  But  Mr.  Delaune  lived  in  an  unfortunate 
time  for  a  learned,  able,  and  conscientious  Baptist. 

In  llJS.'i.  Dr.  Benjamin  Calamy,  rector  of  St. 
Laurence,  Jewry,  London,  in  a  printed  sermon, 
invited  non-conformists  to  examine  the  ceremonies 
imposed  by  the  Church  of  England,  and  enforced 
by  penal  laws  ;  and  called  upon  them  modestly  to 
propose  their  doubts,  and  meekly  to  hearken  to 
and  receive  his  instructions.  The  proposition  was 
extremely  "  modest,"'  especially  the  last  part  of  it. 
Mr.  Delaune  accepted  the  invitation,  and  gave  to 
the  nation  his  "  Plea  for  the  Nonconformists.''  He 
was  speedily  apprehended,  and  committed  to  Wood- 
street-Compter,  where  he  had  a  bench  for  his  bed 
and  two  bricks  for  his  pillow.  From  it  he  was 
taken  to  Newgate,  where  he  was  thrust  among 
felons  wliose  dreadful  words  and  acts  continually 
reminded  him  of  the  abyss. 

In  one  of  his  letters  to  Dr.  Calamy,  written  from 
the  prison,  he  says,  "  There  is  nothing  (in  his  book) 
against  the  king's  majesty,  nothing  against  the 
civil  government,  nothing  against  the  peace  of  this 
monarchy,  there  asserted.  The  only  dispute  is 
about  the  original  of  rites  and  ceremonies,  and 
some  things,  which,  under  a  show  of  truths,  though 
not  righteously,  are  charged  on  doubting  persons. 
AVhat  the  court  will  do  with  me  I  know  not.  The 
will  of  the  Supreme  Father  be  done."  The  letter 
from  which  this  is  a  quotation  was  written  in 
Latin.  In  another  letter  he  says  to  Calamy,  "  I 
had  some  thoughts  that  you  would  have  performed 
the  office  of  a  divine  (minister)  in  visiting  me  in 
my  place  of  confinement,  to  argue  me  out  of 
my  doubts,  which,  your  promised  '  Scripture  and 
rea.son,'  not  a  Mittimus  or  Newgate,  could  easily 


do.  To  the  former  I  can  yield,  to  the  latter  it 
seems  I  must.  This  is  a  severe  kind  of  logic,  and 
it  will  probably  dispute  me  out  of  this  world,  as  it 
did  Mr.  Bampfield  and  Mr.  Kalphson  lately,  who 
were  my  dear  and  excellent  companions  in  trouble" 
(in  prison). 

Daniel  De  Foe  says  of  Delaunc's  book,  " '  The 
Plea  for  Nonconformists'  is  perfect  of  itself.  Never 
author  left-  behind  him  a  more  finished  piece.  I 
believe  the  dispute  is  entirely  ended.  If  any  man 
ask  what  we  can  say  why  the  Dissenters  differ 
from  the  Church  of  England,  and  what  they  can 
plead  for  it,  I  can  recommend  no  better  reply  than 
this.  Let  them  answer,  in  short,  Thomas  Delaune, 
and  desire  the  querist  to  read  the  book."'  "  They 
who  affirm  that  tlie  Dissenters  were  never  perse- 
cuted in  England  for  their  religion  (for  their  dis- 
loyalty, it  was  falsely  said)  will  do  well  to  tell  us 
what  name  we  shall  give  to  this  man  of  merit, 
than  whom  few  greater  scholars,  clearer  heads,  or 
greater  masters  of  argument,  ever  graced  the  Eng- 
lish nation.  I  am  sorry  to  say  he  is  one  of  nearly 
eight  thousand  Dissenters  who  perished  in  prison 
in  the  days  of  that  merciful  prince,  Charles  II." 
"The  Plea  for  Ncmconformists,"  in  1739.  bad 
passed  through  seventeen  editions,  without  an 
answer,  except  the  crushing  and  deadly  reply 
given  by  Newgate  jail. 

Ivimey  says  that  Sir  George  Jeffreys  was  the 
judge  before  whom  Delaune  was  tried,  the  judicial 
Nero  whose  "  Bloody  Assizes"  will  make  his  mem- 
ory infamous  throughout  all  time.  The  sentence 
of  the  court  required  Delaune  to  pay  a  fine  of  one 
hundred  marks,  and  to  find  reliable  security  for 
his  good  behavior  for  one  year  afterwards,  and  his 
book  was  to  be  burned  with  fire  before  the  Royal 
Exchange  in  London.  He  could  not  pay  the  fine, 
and  he  never  left  the  prison  alive.  His  wife  and 
two  children  were  compelled  to  live  with  him  in 
the  jail  through  the  exhaustion  of  his  means;  and 
the  hardships  and  the  poisonous  atmosphere  of 
Newgate,  which  killed  Delaune  in  fifteen  months, 
sent  them  to  the  grave  before  him. 

Delavan. — This  well-known  village  was  founded 
in  1830  by  two  Baptist  brothers, — Henry  and 
Samuel  Phoenix,  of  Perry,  N.  Y.  Nearly  all  the 
early  settlers  were  Baptists.  The  Baptist  church, 
now  the  largest  in  the  State,  was  founded  in  18.38. 
It  is  the  mother  of  four  other  churches  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity.  It  has  received  into  its  fellow- 
ship in  its  forty  years'  history  1141  members, — Oil 
by  baptism.  Its  present  membership  is  425,  and 
its  present  pastor.  Rev.  D.  E.  Haltenian,  has  been 
settled  eleven  years. 

Delaware,  Baptists  of. — The  churches  of  this 
State  may  be  divided  into  the  early  and  later,  or 
anti-mission  and  mission.  The  Welsh  Tract  church 
was  the  first   in   the   colony.     It  was  formed  in 


DELAWARE 


325 


DELKE 


Wales,  and  settled  in  Delaware  in  1703.  Their 
principles  soon  spread.  In  1T7S,  Rev.  Elijnh 
Bilker,  and  in  1779.  Rev.  Philip  HiiLdies,  came 
from  Virginia,  preaching  together  the  Word.  There 
was  a  great  quickening  among  the  Baptists,  and 
many  were  converted  and  baptized,  and  several 
churches  were  constituted.  In  this  work  these 
ministers  received  the  hearty  co-operation  of  the 
Baptist  pastors  and  churches. 

The  first  Baptist  church  in  AViliiiington  was 
formed  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  Thomas 
Ainger,  a  Prestiyterian,  from  Philadelphia,  who 
became  eventually  a  Baptist,  and  the  pastor  of  the 
church.  His  wife  was  a  Baptist.  lie  maintained 
family  worship,  and  Messrs.  Fleeson  and  Boggs, 
Baptist  ministers,  preached  by  his  invitation  in  his 
house.  Rev.  Philip  Hughes  preached  in  the  town 
school-house  and  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  vSev- 
eral  were  baptized,  and  finally  sixteen  were  con- 
stituted into  a  church.  Their  meeting-house  still 
stands  on  King  Street.  The  following  is  a  list  of 
the  early  churches,  with  the  date  of  organization  : 
Welsh  Tract,  New  Castle  County,  17U1  :  Sounds, 
Su.ssex  County,  1779;  Broadcreek,  Sussex  County, 
1781;  Mount  Moriah,  Kent  County.  1781;  Bryn- 
zion,  Kent  Count}-.  1781  ;  Mispillion,  Kent  County, 
1783;  Oravelleybranch,  Sussex  County,  1785; 
First  Wilmington,  178.5  ;  Bethel,  Xew  Castle 
County,  178').  Bethel,  in  Sussex  County,  Little- 
creek,  and  Millsborougli  were  of  more  recent  date, 
and,  with  the  Sounds  and  Broadcreek  churches, 
belonged  to  the  Salisbury  Association,  which  was 
formed  in  1782,  composed  mostly  of  churches 
in  Maryland,  and  has  since  become  anti-mission. 
The  other  churches  were  at  first  connected  with 
the  Philadelphia  Association,  but  withdrew,  with 
good  feeling  on  both  sides,  to  form  the  Delaware 
Association,  which  was  organized  in  1795.  It 
was  soon  joined  by  several  churches  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. Since  1856  it  has  taken  the  name  of  the 
Delaware  OW-.?i-AooZ  Baptist  Association.  In  1801 
it  was  composed  of  5  churches,  with  293  members  ; 
in  1825,  of  9  churches,  with  59S  members ;  .and  in 
1879,  of  7  churches,  with  197  members.  Of  the 
churches  in  this  State  belonging  to  the  Delaware 
and  the  Salisbury  Associations,  six  remain,  with  a 
total  membership  of  200.  The  Sounds,  Mispillion, 
Oravelleybranch,  Bethel,  in  New  Castle  County ; 
Bethel,  in  Sussex  County  ;  and  the  Millsborough 
churches  have  cea.sed  to  exist.  The  minutes  of 
the  Delaware  Association  show  that  iit  one  time 
both  missions  and  missionary  societies  were  ap- 
proved of  hv  that  body.  The  Baptist  Publication 
(then  Tract)  and  the  Home  and  Foreign  Mission 
Societies  an<l  their  work  met  with  favor  in  the 
churches.  It  was  not  until  after  1830  that  a 
change  took  place  in  the  Delaware  Association 
and  in  the  churches  connected  with  it.     Thev  be- 


came anti-mission  and  anti-effort,  which  change 
led  to  the  formation  of  the  Second  church,  Wil- 
mington, upon  an  avowed  missionary  basis. 
Among  the  many  Baptist  ministers  of  this  period 
who  were  born,  or  converted,  or  ordamed,  or  em- 
ployed in  the  .State  were  Kev.  Enoch  Jlorgan,  Rev. 
John  Davis,  Rev.  Jenkin  Jones.  Rev.  David  -Jones, 
A.M.,  Rev.  Abel  Morgan,  A.M..  Rev.  Morgan 
Edwards,  A.M.,  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Kitts,  Rev.  Joseph 
II.  Kennard,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Daniel  Dodge.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  later  churches,  with  the 
date  of  organization  :  .Second,  Wilmington,  1835; 
Dover,  1852;  German.  AVilmington,  18.50;  Dela- 
ware Avenue,  Wilmington,  1865;  Plymouth,  1867; 
Lincoln,  1869  ;  Zion,  Vernon,  1871  ;  Wyoming, 
1872;  Magnolia,  1.S73  ;  Milford.  1873:  Elm  Street, 
AVilmington,  1873;  Shiloh  (African)  Wilmington, 
1876 ;  New  Castle,  1876  :  Bethany,  1878.  The 
old  First  was  resuscitated  for  a  while,  but  it  and  the 
Elm  .Street  disbanded  to  form  the  Bethany  and 
occupy  the  Elm  Street  chapel.  A  few  old  mem- 
bers hold  on  at  King  Street.  The  Lincoln  church 
disbanded  to  form  the  Milford.  and  ihe  Plymouth 
to  form  the  Magnolia.  In  1809  the  Wyoming  In- 
stitute was  purchased  (see  article).  A  Baptist 
City  Mission  was  formed  in  1870  among  the  Wil- 
mington churches,  which  bought  a  lot,  built 
thereon  the  Elm  .Street  chapel,  which  property 
they  deeded  to  the  Bethany  church.  In  1878  the 
Delaware  Baptist  Union  was  formed  in  the  .Second 
church,  Wilmington.  It  is  composed  of  eight 
churches  in  Delaware  Co..  Pa.,  and  eleven  in  Dela- 
ware State.  The  objects  of  the  "Union"  are  the 
promotion  of  fraternity  among  the  churches  com- 
posing it  and  the  evangelization  of  the  field.  The 
Baptist  churches  not  only  of  Delaware  (except  the 
Old  School),  but  also  those  of  the  "Union,"  are 
connected  with  the  Philadelphia  Association. 

The  number  of  missionary  Baptist  churches  in 
the  State  is  11,  with  a  membership  of  1924.  and 
2183  teachers  and  scholars  in  14  Sabbath-schools. 
The  benevolent  contributions  of  the  churches  for 
1879,  for  work  at  home  and  abroad,  amounted  to 
over  S20.000. 

Delke,  James  A.,  LL.D. — Prof.  Delke  was  bom 
in  Sussex  Co.,  Va.,  in  1821  ;  was  educated  at  Wake 
Forest  and  Chapel  Hill,  having  graduated  at  the 
latter  college  in  1841  :  has  taught  in  Virginia, 
Tennessee,  and  North  Carolina,  and  for  fifteen 
years  has  been  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural 
.Science,  and  Belles-Letters  at  Murfreesborough 
Institute.  N.  C. 

Prof.  Delke  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
M.tdison  University,  N.  Y..  and  that  of  LL.D. 
from  Southwestern  University.  Jackson,  Tenn. 
He  regards  it  as  the  chief  boon  of  his  life  that  he 
has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  Sabbath- 
schools. 


DELL 


326 


DENISON 


Dell,  Rev.  William,  A.M.,  was  educated  at  the 
Univei>ity  uf  Caiiil>iid:;o,  Entjland,  and  after  re- 
ceiving Episcopal  ordination  he  became  a  cleriryinan 
of  the  Established  Cliurch.  In  the  great  awaken- 
ing in  England  in  the  seventeenth  century  he 
adopted  our  views  on  the  mode  and  sulijects  of  bap- 
tism, and  on  the  non-coercive  authority  of  a  gospel 
cliurcli. 

He  denounced  all  compulsion  in  mattei-s  of  re- 
ligion, and  wrote  a  book  against  uniformity  in  re- 
ligion secured  by  the  persuasive  force  of  legal 
enactments.  This  work  stirred  up  the  unhallowed 
wrath  of  the  English  Presbyterians,  who  were 
straining  their  powers  to  the  utmost  to  make  their 
chureli  sole  mistress  of  the  consciences  of  her  foes. 

In  UU5  he  was  appointe<l  a  chaplain  in  the  army  ; 
in  this  position  he  attended  constantly  on  Sir 
Thomas  Fairfax,  and  preached  at  headquarters, 
where  he  exerted  a  powerful  influence  with  leading 
men  against  Presliyterian  legal  intolerance,  and  in 
favor  of  religious  liberty.  Richard  Baxter  liec.in)e 
a  chaplain  in  the  army  to  counteract  the  teachings 
of  Mr.  Dell  and  others,  and  he  tried  to  induce  some 
of  his  Presbyterian  brethren  to  follow  his  example. 
Various  efforts  were  employed  to  injure  the  char- 
acter of  Mr.  Dell,  by  which  he  was  subjected  to 
miicli  annoyance,  but  tliey  were  all  failures. 

On  Xov.  '2.i,  1046,  he  was  appointed  to  preach 
before  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  occa.sion  of  a 
public  fivst.  His  subject  was  Reformalion,  and  in 
treating  this  popular  topic  he  showed  the  folly  and 
wickedness  of  trying  to  secure  it  by  per.xecution. 
To  many  of  his  lu^arers  this  was  extremely  offen- 
sive, as  the  preacher  well  knew.  l)ut  his  con- 
science compelled  him  to  tell  these  legislators 
some  whole.some  truths.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Love, 
a  Presbyterian  minister,  was  one  of  his  hearers 
in  the  morning,  and  the  preacher  before  the 
same  body  in  the  afti'rnoon.  Instead  of  deliver- 
ing the  sermon  he  had  prepared  for  the  occasion, 
he  felt  compelled  to  try  and  remove  the  deep 
impression  left  by  the  sermon  of  .Mr.  Dell.  With 
much  warmth  and  "  many  unhandsome  reflections" 
he  justified  the  punishment  of  heretics,  and  the 
authority  of  government  to  impose  articles  of  faith 
and  forms  of  worship.  The  two  discourses  created 
a  sensation. 

Mr.  Dell  was  endowed  with  great  mental  powers, 
and  he  was  possessed  of  extensive  learning.  In 
1649  he  was  made  master  of  Caius  College,  Cam- 
bridge, one  of  the  numerous  colleges  constituting 
the  University  of  Cainbridgc.  lie  lost  the  rectory 
of  Yeldon  and  tlie  presidency  of  Cains  College 
through  his  fidelity  to  Baptist  principles  liy  the 
Act  of  Uniformity  in  1662.  He  was  the  author  of 
several  publications,  a  selection  from  which  was 
issued  in  a  handsome  octavo  volume  in  1773. 

De  Mill,  Rev.  Elisha  Badd,  was  bom  in  St. 


•John,  Xcw  Brunswick,  A[iril  7,  1829.  His  college 
studies  were  pursued  in  part  at  Acadia  College, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  in  part  at  Brown  University. 
Two  years  were  spent  by  him — 1S51-53 — at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  He  was  ordained 
as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  July  1,  18.53,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Amherst, 
Nova  Scotia.  Here  he  remained  not  far  from  four 
years, — 1853-57.  On  resigning  his  pastorate  in 
Amherst  he  returned  to  his  native  city,  and  was 
city  missionary  for  two  years, — 1857-59.  Closing 
his  connection  with  the  society  in  whose  service  he 
had  been  during  this  period,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  become  the  |>astor  of  the  Leinster  Street  Baptist 
church  in  St.  John.  This  position  he  held  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  connection  with  his 
ministerial  duties  he  also  discharged  those  of  editor 
of  the  Christian  Watchman,  a  religious  paper,  pub- 
lished at  St.  JoIhi.  Mr.  De  Mill  received  the  di'giee 
of  M.A.  from  Acadia  College  in  1849.  and  from 
Brown  University  in  1853.  He  died  at  .St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  in  1863.  He  was  a  preacher  of 
ability,  and  a  Christian  without  blame. 

De  Mill,  Nathan  S.,  an  enterprising  merchant 
of  St.  John.  New  Brunswick;  he  was  baptized  and 
joined  Germain  Street  Baptist  church  in  tli.at  city 
about  184li ;  was  deacon  of  Brussels  Street  church 
and  subsequently  also  of  Leinster  Street  church  ; 
was  a  liberal  friend  of  Acadia  College,  and  a  strong 
supporter  of  temperance  and  prohibition,  and  pos- 
sessed sterling  integrity.  Died  Dec.  26,  1864,  aged 
sixty  years. 

Denison,  Rev.  Albert  Edgar,  son  of  William 
and  Betsey  Dcnison,  was  born  in  Saybrook.  Conn., 
Sept.  12,  1812;  his  maternal  grandfather  was  Rev. 
Eliphalet  Lester,  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church  in 
Saybrook ;  was  converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen  ; 
baptized  by  Rev.  Russell  Jennings;  united  with 
First  Baptist  church  of  Saybrook  (now  Winthrop) ; 
studied  at  Connecticut  Literary  Institution.  Suf- 
field  :  graduated  from  Brown  University  in  1842; 
taught  school  in  Chester,  Conn.,  and  preached  in 
Saybrook  (now  AVintlirop);  ordained  in  his  native 
town  in  1843.  and  remained  one  year  ;  in  1.844  set- 
tled with  the  Baptist  church  in  Wallingford,  Conn., 
and  labored  successfully  for  seven  years;  in  1851 
settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Clinton,  Conn., 
and  continued  pastor  with  happy  results  for  fifteen 
ve.irs ;  became  for  nearly  three  years  agent  for  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  ;  preached 
nearly  throe  years  for  the  Baptist  church  in  Lyme  ; 
in  1871  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Plain- 
ville.  Conn.,  and  remained  until  health  failed  in 
1878;  still  resides  there:  ren<lers  occasional  ser- 
vices to  weak  churches  ;  has  had  a  prosperous  min- 
istry :  devout,  scholarly,  faithful,  honored;  very 
active  in  educational  interests  and  all  true  reforms; 
served  on  school  boards  from  1**44  to  1877. 


BEXISOX 


327 


DEXiaoX 


Denison,  Rev.  Erastus,  son  of  FreJeriok  and 

Ilaniiali  iFisli)  Denison.  «a3  born  in  Stonington, 
Conn.,  Dec.  22,  17U1  :  baptized  by  Kev.  John  G. 
Wightnian  in  IcS14 ;  began  preaching  in  1S24; 
ordained  by  First  Baptist  church  in  Groton  in 
1.S20  ;  labored  as  an  evangelist;  settled  with  Third 
Baptist  church  in  Groton  in  1831,  and  remained 
fifteen  years;  subsequent  settlements  and  engage- 
ments :  in  Waterford  four  years  ;  in  Nortli  Lyme 
one  year;  in  North  Stonington  three  years;  at 
East  Mariiin,  Long  Island  ;  on  Martha's  Vineyard  ; 
Cliarlestown  and  llopkinton,  R.  L;  Montville,  New 
London,  East  Lyme,  and  Stonington  ;  preached 
3878  sermons,  baptized  311  persona.  He  was  a 
pure  man,  devoted  to  the  Master's  work;  died  in 
Groton,  Sept.  20,  1866.  in  his  seventy-fifth  year. 

Denison,  Rev.  Frederic,  son  of  Isaac  and  Levina 
(Fish)  Denison,  was  liorn    in   Stonington,  Conn., 


REV.  FREDERIC    DENISO.V. 

Sept.  28,  1819  ;  studied  in  Bacon  Academy  and  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institution;  graduated  at 
B  own  University  in  1847  ;  in  the  same  year  settled 
with  First  Baptist  church  in  AVcstorly,  R.  I.,  and 
was  ordained;  served  that  church,  in  two  pasto- 
rates, for  fifteen  years  ;  settled  with  Central  Baptist 
churcliin  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  remained  five  years; 
settled  with  Central  Falls  Baptist  church  in  Rhode 
Island;  served  .is  chaplain  in  the  army  for  three 
years,  with  1st  R.  I.  Cavalry  and  i'.d  R.  I.  Heavy  .Vrtil- 
lery  ;  settlcil  airain  in  Westerly,  then  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  then  in  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  and  lastly  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  ;  baptized  over  four  hundred  per- 
sons ;  favored  with  special  revivals  ;  author  of  the 


following  bound  volumes:  '"The  Supper  Institu- 
tion," "  The  Sabbath  Institution,"  ''  The  Baptists 
and  their  Principles  in  Norwich,  Connecticut," 
"  The  Evangelist,  or  Life  and  Labors  of  Rev. 
•L-tbcz  .S.  Swan,"  '•  History  of  the  First  Rhode 
Island  Cavalry,"  "  Westerly  and  its  Witnesses 
for  Two  Hundred  and  Fifty  Years,"  "  Picturesque 
Narragansett,  Sea  and  Shore,"  "  Illustrated  New 
Bedford,  Martha's  Vineyard,  and  Nantucket," 
''  History  of  the  Third  Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artil- 
lery Regiment,"  "  Picturesque  Rhode  Island,''  also 
of  sermons  and  addresses  ;  and  of  poems  and  articles 
numberless  in  secular  and  religious  periodicals;  a 
corresponding  member  of  Rhode  Island  Historical 
Society,  .and  Wisconsin  Historical  .Society  ;  member 
of  .Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Historical  Society  of  Rhode 
Island ;  the  first  Baptist  Historical  Registrar  of 
Rhode  Isl.and. 

Denison,  Deacon  John  Ledyard,  A.M.,  son  of 
Isaac  and  Levina  (Fishj  DenLson,  was  born  in  Ston- 
ington, Conn.,  Sept.  19,  1826:  studied  at  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  and  Worcester  Academy; 
united  with  Tliird  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  Conn., 
in  1839  :  became  a  successful  teacher  ;  established 
the  Mystic  River  Academy  ;  settled  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  in  1855 ;  received  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  from  Brown  University  in  1855;  published 
'■  Pictorial  History  of  the  Wars  of  the  United 
States,"  edited  "  Illustrated  New  World,"  in  Ger- 
man, "  Illustrated  History  of  the  New  AVorld,'"  in 
English,  and  minor  works;  secretary  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Henry  Bill  Publishing  Company  ;  su- 
perintendent of  Central  Baptist  Sunday-school  for 
about  twenty-five  years  ;  very  active  with  voice  and 
pen  in  the  religious  afifairs  of  the  I^tate,  and  in  tem- 
perance reform  ;  president  of  Connecticut  Baptist 
Education  Society,  and  a  useful  lay  preacher. 

Denison  University  is  situ.ited  in  the  town  of 
Granville,  Licking  Co.,  O..  and  was  establi-shcd  by 
vote  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society,  May, 
1831.  Intended  originally  as  a  manual-labor 
school,  it  was  at  first  located  on  a  farm  near  Gran- 
ville, and  incorporated  in  1832.  under  the  name  of 
Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
This  name  was  changed  in  1845  to  Granville  Col- 
lege, and  the  manual-labor  feature  set  aside.  In 
1850  it  was  removed  from  the  farm  to  a  beautiful 
hill  site  overlooking  the  town,  and  the  name  <igain 
changed  to  Denison  University,  in  honor  of  one 
of  its  benefactors. 

The  first  president  was  Prof.  John  Pratt,  who 
took  charge  of  the  institution  in  183 1,  and  laid  well 
the  foundations  of  its  success.  He  was  succeeded, 
in  1837.  liy  Rev.  Jonathan  Going,  D.D.  :  in  1847, 
by  Hev.  .Silas  Bailey,  D.D.  ;  in  1853.  by  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Hall,  D.D.;  in  1863.  by  Rev.  Samson  Talbot, 
D.D.  :  in  1874,  by  Rev.  E.  Benjamin  Andrews  ;  and 
in  1S79,  by  Rev.  A.  Owen,  D.D.     The  property  of 


DENISOX 


328 


DENK 


the  university  consists  of  a  oampus  of  twenty-four 
acres,  nearly  half  of  wliich  is  covercJ  with  a  grove 
of  forest-trees.  The  huildings  are  capable  of  ac- 
commodating 180  students,  and  are  well  provided 
with  dormitories,  study  rooms,  society  halls,  etc. 
Witliin  the  past  two  years  a  fine  library  building, 
called  Doane  Hall,  after  its  donor,  W.  II.  Doaiie, 
of  Cincinnati,  hivs  been  erected.  The  library  num- 
bers 12,000  volumes.  The  property,  with  its  build- 
ings and  their  contents,  is  estimated  to  be  worth 
SIO.5.000.  and  the  productive  endowment  is  S191,- 
775,  making  a  total  of  $290,775. 


finally  settled  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Waterford  ;  active,  energetic,  strong  in  faith,  wise 
in  council,  beloved  by  all :  one  to  whom  Connecti- 
cut is  under  large  obligations:  died  in  Watcrfurd, 
Oct.  26,  1877,  aged  seventy-one  years ;  buried  in 
Winthrop. 

Denk,  Hans,  was  a  mystical  Anabaptist  who 
occupied  an  influential  place  among  the  Reformers 
of  the  sixteenth  century.  We  first  lind  him  a  young 
master  of  arts  in  Basle  in  1.522.  and  an  intimate 
friend  of  the  celebrated  CEcolampadius.  In  1.523 
he  moved  to  Nuremberg  and  became  rector  of  a 


DENISOX    IXIVERSITV,  GRANVILLE,  OHIO. 


The  faculty  of  Denison  consists  of  a  president 
and  nine  professors.  There  is  a  regular  classical 
course  of  study  running  through  four  years.  There 
is  also  a  scientific  course,  omitting  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages,  and  a  preparatory  course  of  two 
years.  The  college  has  a  high  reputation.  There 
are  usually  from  1.50  to  200  students  in  attendance 
in  all  the  departments. 

Denison,  Rev.  William,  son  of  William  and 
Betsey  (Lester)  Denison,  was  born  in  Saybrook, 
Conn.,  in  June,  18(16;  converted  when  about  twenty 
years  of  age;  united  with  First  Baptist  church  in 
Saybrook,  March  2.5,  1827,  being  baptized  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Glazier;  licensed  Dec.  20,  1828;  preached 
a  few  years  in  Il.iddam  ;  pastor  for  many  years  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Easton  ;  was  appointed  a  State 
raissionai-y  in  connection  with  Rev.  \.  E.  Shailer, 
and  nobly  served  for  many  years;  assisted  in  im- 
proving meeting-houses ;  in  AVinthrop,  where  he 
resided,  he  established  an  institute  for  young  li\dies ; 
meanwhile  he  supplied  the  First  Baptist  church  ; 


school,  where  he  met  MUnzer  and   Ilaetzer  and 

adopted  mystical  and  Anabaptist  view.s.  Driven 
from  Nuremberg  he  went  first  to  St.  Gall.  an<i 
afterwards  to  Augsburg,  where  by  unceasing  but 
cautious  activity  be  contributed  largely  to  make  it 
a  stronghold  of  Anabaptism.  The  publication  of 
his  book  on  "  The  Law  of  God"  led  to  his  expul- 
sion in  1526.  lie  next  went  to  Strasburg,  where 
he  and  Ilaetzer  undertook  the  translation  of  the 
Ileljrew  Bible.  Their  version  of  the  prophets  was 
highly  meritorious. 

Driven  from  Strasburg,  Denk  labored  in  various 
pbaces  until  "1527,  when  he  died  of  the  pest  at 
Basle,  in  the  house  of  his  old  friend,  CEcolampadius. 
In  the  preface  of  his  book  .already  mentioned  he 
says.  "  Whoever  wishes  to  be  of  Christ  must  walk 
in  the  way  that  Christ  has  trodden,  thus  will  he 
come  to  the  habitation  of  God  :  he  who  does  not 
walk  in  this  way  will  err  to  all  eternity."  This 
sentiment  is  the  Ciirdinal  doctrine  which  governs 
Baptists  in  regard  to  their  practice   everywhere, 


DENNE 


329 


DEKNE 


and  which  controlled  them  during  their  whole  his- 
tory. 

In  "  An  Exposition  of  Some  Points  of  Belief," 
which  he  wrote,  he  says,  "  It  grieves  me  to  the 
heart  that  I  must  stand  in  lack  of  unity  with  many 
wliom  I  cannot  consider  as  other  than  my  brethren, 
for  they  pray  to  the  God  to  whom  I  ofl'er  supplica- 
tion;  tliey  honor  the  Father  whom  I  honor:  the 
Father  who  has  sent  his  Son  into  the  world  as  a 
Saviour.  Therefore,  if  God  will,  I  will  not  make 
of  my  lirother  an  adversary,  and  of  my  Father  a 
juii^e,  but  I  will  reconcile  myself  with  all  my  ad- 
versaries while  I  am  in  the  way  with  them.  Here- 
upon I  bcj;  them  for  God's  sake  to  pardon  me  what- 
ever I  have,  without  my  knowledge,  done  against 
them  ;  and  to  promise  besides  to  lift  from  me,  and 
never  to  avenge  any  mischief,  injury,  or  disgrace 
that  may  be  laid  up  against  me  by  them."  Denk 
differed  from  the  Keformers  because  truth  compelled 
him.  lie  was  a  Baptist  because  he  could  not  help 
it,  and  like  Baptists  now,  he  was  full  of  love  for 
the  children  of  God  with  whom  he  differed. 

Denk  was  very  popular  in  Augsburg.  Urbanus 
Khegius,  a  minister  in  that  city  while  Denk  resided 
in  it,  says  of  his  influence,  "  It  increased  like  a 
cancer,  to  the  grievous  injury  of  many  souls." 
Throngs  attended  Baptist  worship,  the  noblest  and 
oldest  families  joined  the  movement,  and  some  of 
them  only  left  it  for  the  martyr's  crown.  Be- 
fore the  truths  and  discourses  of  Hans  Denk,  the 
public  sentiment  of  Augsburg  seemed  for  a  time  to 
bow. 

But  his  principles  traveled  "on  the  Rhine,  in 
Switzerland,  in  Franconia,  in  Suabia,  even  as  far 
as  Moravia,"  and  had  his  life  been  spared,  and  the 
favor  of  God  still  continued,  the  Reformation  of 
Luther  might  have  been  a  complete  purification  of 
Christianity. 

The  opinions  of  Denk  in  some  respects  differed 
from  ours ;  his  theology  may  be  characterized  as 
Origenistic;  but  he  was  largely  with  us;  and  he 
was  a  powerful  advocate  of  the  truth  ;  "  friend  and 
foe  rightly  considered  that  his  death  was  the  se- 
verest lilow''  that  the  Baptist  communities  had  re- 
ceived till  1527. 

Ilis  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures  was  profound, 
his  theological  information  extensive,  his  learning 
great,  his  reputation  as  an  author  wide-spread,  and 
his  piety  unquestioned.  In  him  ""his  brethren  had 
a  )>rize  that  would  have  been  an  ornament  to  any 
party,"  and  he  became  so  easily  and  rapidly  their 
chief  that  he  was  sometimes  called  their  pope. 

Denne,  Rev.  Henry,  distinguished  him.self  by 
his  sermons.  discus.>ions,  writings,  sufferings,  and 
heroism  for  the  truth.  Like  many  Pcdobaptists  he 
was  designed  for  the  ministry  from  childhood  with- 
out any  reference  to  conversion.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and 
22 


about  1630,  he  was  ordained  by  the  bishop  of  St. 
Davids. 

He  held  the  living  of  Pyrton  in  Hertfordshire 
for  ten  years,  after  receiving  episcopal  orders,  and 
for  his  industry  and  earnestness  in  preaching  he 
was  highly  esteemed  by  his  people. 

In  1641  he  was  appointed  to  preach  the  visitation 
sermon  at  Baldock  to  the  clergy  and  gentry.  The 
meeting  was  numerous  and  influential.  The  ser- 
mon was  largely  taken  up  with  an  exposure  of  the 
sin  of  persecution,  the  vices  of  the  ministry,  and 
the  corruptions  in  doctrine  and  worship  of  the  Es- 
tablished Church.  Mr.  Denne  in  his  sermon  showed 
no  mercy  to  the  pride,  covetousness,  pluralities, 
and  non-residence  of  the  clergy.  The  sermon  pro- 
duced a  sensation  among  the  hearers  ;  the  clergy- 
men could  scarcely  keep  their  seats  while  their 
well-known  offenses  were  set  in  order  before  them, 
and  Mr.  Denne  preserved  a  good  conscience  and 
secured  firm  friends  and  lively  enemies  by  his  faith- 
fulness. In  studying  the  Scriptures  he  found  that 
infant  baptism  was  not  enjoined  by  the  Saviour, 
and  in  extending  his  researches  he  failed  to  dis- 
cover it  in  the  records  of  the  first  two  centuries, 
and  lie  felt  bound  to  be  baptized.  lie  was  immersed 
in  London  about  1643  by  Mr.  Lamb,  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Bell  Alley,  Coleman  Street,  of  which  he 
became  a  member.  Mr.  Denne  was  regarded  in 
his  day  as  a  man  of  extraordinary  talents,  and  as 
an  eminently  fit  person  to  win  the  perishing  from 
iniquity.  Like  the  apostles  he  journeyed  much, 
and  he  preached  the  truth  in  many  parts  of  England. 
He  proclaimed  the  blessed  gospel  in  London,  in 
Cambridgeshire,  in  Lincolnshire,  in  Kent,  and  in 
other  places,  and  he  baptized  many  converts  and 
founded  churches  wherever  he  went.  This  led  to 
his  arrest  on  several  occasions,  but  he  was  not  de- 
tained in  prison  for  any  considerable  period  by  the 
efforts  of  his  enemies. 

Discouraged  by  persecutions  and  legal  hindrances 
to  his  work  as  a  minister,  he  entered  the  army  as  a 
cornet,  in  which  his  courage  and  intelligence  soon 
made  him  a  general  favorite.  lie  was  in  one  of 
the  twelve  troops  that  mutinied  at  Burford,  in  Ox- 
fordshire, and  he  and  three  others  were  condemned 
to  death  ;  the  others  were  executed,  but  Cornet 
Denne  when  called  out  was  pardoned.  He  came 
forward  "  expecting  death  with  great  composure  of 
spirit,"  but  he  was  spared.  The  tro<ips  thouglit 
that  after  the  death  of  Charles  I.  there  should  be 
'■  liberty  and  a  free  commonwealtli,"  but  they  were 
disappointed.  And  as  twelve  regiments  were  or- 
dered for  service  in  Ireland,  under  Cromwell,  there 
w.as  a  revolt  among  the  troops  at  Burford.  Mr. 
Denne  bitterly  regretted  the  part  he  had  taken  in 
this  trans.action.  and  gave  liimself  more  heartily 
than  ever  to  the  spread  of  the  gospel. 

There  was  a  lady  in  London  greatly  exercised  on 


DENSOK 


330 


DEVAN 


tlie  question,  "WlietliiT  infant  Imjitism  were  of 
Oodornot?"  81ie  ilisirod  that  a  friendly  confer- 
ence should  be  held  in  licr  presence  that  her  mind 
niii;ht  be  relieved  from  doubts  about  her  duty  in 
reference  to  baptism.  It  was  arranged  that  Mr. 
Dcnne  and  |)r.  Gunning,  subsequently  bishop,  first 
of  Ely  and  tlu-n  of  Chichester,  should  present  their 
respective  views  in  St.  Clement  Dane's  church, 
London,  on  the  19th  and  26th  of  November,  1658. 
The  discussion  created  so  much  interest  that  thou- 
sands of  people  flocked  to  hear  it,  and  for  a  time 
it  was  an  absorbing  topic  of  conversation  through- 
out all  circles  of  society.  During  tlie  second  day 
Dr.  (junning  took  ailvantage  of  a  tumultuous  in- 
terruption in  the  church  to  decline  further  con- 
troversy, showing  that  he  had  an  antagonist  with 
whose  blows  he  was  wearied.  The  lady  decided 
against  the  future  bishop,  and  she  was  immersed 
on  the  1st  of  December,  by  Mr.  Denne. 

Mr.  Denne  was  the  author  of  six  works,  which 
were  widely  circulated  and  highly  esteemed.  He 
died  about  1661,  and  upon  his  grave  a  clergyman, 
one  of  his  friends,  put  this  epitaph : 

*'To  tell  liis  wisdom,  learning,  gouilnctis  unto  men 
I  neeil  siiy  nu  mure,  Imt  here  lies  Henry  Deuue." 

He  was  a  scholarly  man,  untiring  in  serving 
Jesns.  of  fine  talents,  and  of  a  blameless  life. 

Denson,  Rev.  William,  long  an  active  and 
ellicicnt  Baptist  minister  east  of  Pearl  River,  in 
Mississippi,  was  born  in  Tennessee  about  1}<05, 
but  spent  his  boyhood  in  Alabama.  He  removed 
to  Rankin  Co.,  Miss.,  about  IS'Jl),  and  soon  after 
began  to  preach.  At  first  his  education  was  de- 
fective, but  by  dint  of  close  application  he  over- 
came these  deficiencies  and  became  one  of  the  most 
influential  preachers  in  his  part  of  the  .State.  He 
labored  chiefly  in  the  counties  of  Rankin,  Madison, 
Scott,  and  Leake.  Few  men  in  the  State  have  im- 
pressed themselves  more  upon  the  denomination 
than  William  Denson.  He  was  many  years  moder- 
ator of  his  Association.  He  was  accidentally 
thrown  from  his  buggy  and  killed  while  attending 
a  protracted  meeting,  in  1875. 

Denton,  Rev.  Isaac,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  of  Southeastern  Kentucky,  of  French  ex- 
traction, was  born  in  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1768.  He  was  ordained  a  Baptist  minister, 
and  preached  several  years  in  East  Tennessee.  He 
removed  to  Clinton  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1798,  and  gathered 
Otter  Creek,  Beaver  Creek,  Clear  Creek,  and  others 
of  the  first  churches  in  this  region  of  the  State. 
After  a  long  and  useful  ministry,  he  died  Jan.  26, 
184s;. 

Depravity,  Total.     See  Origin.\l  Sin. 

Desbrisay,  James,  is  a  retired  merchant  of 
Cliiirlotteio«  n.  Prince  Edward  Island,  who  has 
taken  a  very  active  part  for  many  years  in  pro- 


moting the  progress  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
on  that  island,  and  in  sustaining  the  missionary  and 
educational  institutions  of  the  Baptists  in  the  Mar- 
itime Provinces. 

Des  Moines,  University  of,  Iowa,  was  founded 
in  1865.  It  originated  in  a  conviction  in  the  minds 
of  many  Iowa  Baptists  that  they  ought  to  have  an 
institution  of  learning  centrally  located,  and  in 
one  of  the  populous  cities  of  the  State.  Des  Moines 
had  recently  become  the  capital  of  Iowa,  and  by 
constitutional  enactment  was  to  remain  the  seat  of 
government,  and  already  had  a  population  of  about 
10,000.  It  was  near  the  centre  of  the  State,  grow- 
ing steadily  in  population  and  mercantile  impor- 
tance, and  was  evidently  to  become  the  largest  city 
in  the  State,  the  centre  of  great  commercial,  po- 
litical, and  mor.tl  influence.  A  building  and 
campus,  designed  and  partially  jirepared  for  edu- 
cational purposes,  were  ofit'red  on  reasonable  terms. 
This  property  (which  is  beautifully  located  on  an 
eminence  overlooking  the  city,  the  rivers,  the  v.al- 
ley,  and  prominently  seen  from  all  approaches  of 
the  city)  seemed  then  a  little  remote  frotn  the  cen- 
tre of  population,  but  it  is  now  surrounded  by 
choice  private  residences,  which  are  reaching  far 
out  beyond  it. 

The  school  was  started  in  1866.  Limited  re- 
sources have  retarded  the  work,  but  there  has  been 
a  gradual  growth,  until  there  is  now  a  full  college 
curriculum,  classical  and  scientific,  and  also  a 
ladie.x"  course,  occupying  one  year  less  than  the 
full  college  course.  Both  sexes  are  equally  ad- 
mitted to  all  advantages  and  honors.  Several 
classes,  compo.sed  of  both  sexes,  have  already 
graduated  from  full  courses  of  study. 

The  property  of  the  university  is  valued  at 
i550,OnO,  and  the  endowment  fund  at  S23.0O0.  Lo- 
cated in  the  metropolis  of  the  .State,  which  has  a 
present  population  of  2.3,000,  a  central  ]>oint  of  rail- 
roads, in  the  midst  of  a  vast  coal-field,  and  in  one 
of  the  best  agricultural  districts  of  the  United 
States,  with  a  healthful  climate,  there  is  no  reason 
why,  with  earnest  efforts,  the  university  may  not  in 
the  future  rise  to  the  ])Osition  of  one  of  the  best 
seats  of  learning  in  the  State. 

J.  A.  Nash,  D.D.,  who  has  been  largely  iden- 
tified with  the  entire  history  of  this  university,  is 
its  present  president,  and  he  is  assisted  by  a  suffi- 
cient faculty  of  experienced  teachers. 

Devan,  Thomas  T.,  M.D.,  was  bom  in  New 

York  City,  -July  31,  1809;  graduated  from  Colum- 
bia College  in  that  city  in  1828.  and  later,  at  the 
College  of  Phj'sicians  and  .Surgeons.  Early  in  life 
he  became  connected  with  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  New  York,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Cone,  and 
he  was  a  very  influential  helper.  In  1844  he  and 
his  admirable  wife,  the  daughter  of  David  Hale,  ed- 
itor of  the  Journal  of  Commerce,  went  as  missiona- 


DEVIN 


331 


DE  roriE 


ries  to  China.  Mrs.  Devan  died  wittiin  two  years ; 
the  doctor's  healtli  failed  so  as  to  interfere  with  his 
preaching ;  he  was  transferred  to  the  mission  in 
France,  where  he  remained  through  the  stirring 
period  from  1848  to  l.SoS,  when  he  returned  home. 
Dr.  Devan  left  a  lari^e  remunerative  practice  to 
enter  the  ministry,  and  since  his  return  he  has 
continued  to  preach.  lie  was  army  cliaplain 
during  the  war  ;  has  been  pastor  at  Nyack,  X.  Y.. 
and  West  Iloboken,  N.J. ;  has  frequently  supplied 
the  churches  of  New  Brunswick,  where  he  resides, 
and  is  spending  the  evening  of  life  doing  good  as 
he  has  opportunity,  and  beloved  by  his  brethren. 

Devin,  Rev.  K..  I.,  of  Huguenot  descent,  was 
born  in  Henry  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  14,  1822 ;  baptized 
by  Rev.  John  D.  Handkins,  May  18,  1839  ;  edu- 
cated at  Rocky  Spring  Academy  ;  ordained  Aug. 
11,  1845  ;  labored  in  1846-47  as  a  missionary  of 
the  North  Carolina  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  setr 
tied  in  Oxford  as  pastor  in  1848,  and  has  spent 
most  of  a  long  and  useful  life  in  Granville  County, 
where  he  has  been  instrumental  in  organizing  a 
number  of  strong  churches,  and  has  baptized  some 
1600  or  1800  persons.  He  has  been  pastor  of 
Mountain  Creek  church  fifteen  years,  and  of  (irassy 
Creek  church  lrcenti/-niiie  years.  He  has  recently 
published  a  valuable  and  interesting  history  of  this 
venerable  church. 

De  Votie,  J.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  24,  1813.     He  was  baptized  on 


J.   n.   DE    VOTIE,   D.D. 

the  morning  of  Sabbath.  Dec.  4.   1S3I,  at  Savan- 
nah, Ga.,  by    Rev.   II.  C.  \Vyer.     The  First  Bap- 


tist church  of  Savannah  licensed  him  to  preach 
the  gospel  on  the  21st  of  October,  1832,  immedi- 
ately after  which  he  pursued  a  course  of  study  in 
theology  at  Furnian  Theological  Seminary,  located 
at  High  Hills  of  Santee,  Sumter  District,  S.  C, 
under  the  instruction  of  Jesse  Hartwell,  D.D.,  and 
Samuel  Furnian,  D.D.  He  was  ordained  by  Dr. 
Jesse  Hartwell  and  Dr.  -Joseph  B.  Cook,  at  Cam- 
den, S.  C,  in  1833,  and  in  this  place  he  served  his 
first  pastorate  of  two  years,  while  a  student  at  the 
seminary. 

He  moved  thence  to  Montgomery,  Ala.,  preach- 
ing there  one  year ;  became  pastor  of  the  Tusca- 
loosa church,  which  he  served  four  years  ;  was  then 
called  to  the  charge  of  the  Marion,  Ala.,  church, 
remaining  fourteen  years ;  serving  one  year  as 
financial  secretary  of  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
of  which  he  was  also  president  for  a  number  of 
years.  In  18.56  he  was  called  to  Columbus,  Ga., 
where  he  lived  fourteen  years,  resigning  the  pas- 
torship in  1870,  and  taking  charge  of  the  Griffin, 
Ga.,  church,  which  position  he  retained  for  two 
years, — 1871  and  1872.  He  still  resides  in  Griffin, 
although  he  has  for  several  years  been  the  able  and 
efficient  corresponding  secretary  of  the  State  Mis- 
sion Board  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention. 
Under  his  management  that  lioard  has  been  very 
successful. 

A  strong  Baptist,  he  never  shuns  to  declare  the 
whole  counsel  of  God.  yet  Pedobaptists  love  and 
respect  him.  As  a  money-solicitor  at  our  Conven- 
tions he  has  few  equals,  and  his  e.xquisite  tact  and 
inimitable  humor  make  him  a  welcome  and  useful 
member  of  our  religious  assemblies.  In  person  he 
is  heavily  built,  rather  beneath  the  average  height, 
and  dignified  and  deliberate  in  his  movements. 

No  man  possesses  in  a  greater  measure  the  love 
and  confidence  of  his  Baptist  brethren,  and  at 
the  same  time  the  respect  and  esteem  of  other 
denominations,  and  of  the  community  at  large. 
His  sermons  .ire  full  of  feeling,  and  are  of  that 
high  order  which  comes  from  men  of  the  loftiest 
intellect,  culture,  and  sensibility,  an<l  while  they 
affect  the  hearts  of  the  humblest  believers,  they 
excite  the  admiration  of  the  most  fastidious  and 
cultivated. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  served  for  a  brief 
time  on  the  Georgia  coast  as  voluntary  chaplain, 
declining  from  conscientious  motives  to  receive 
pay.  Though  laboring  in  the  ministry  for  more 
than  forty  years,  he  has  not  been  without  a  field 
of  labor  for  as  much  as  two  months  at  a  time, 
having  baptized  not  fewer  than  1500  professed 
converts. 

If  there  is  any  credit  to  be  attached  to  the  re- 
moval of  Mercer  University  from  Penfield,  he  is 
entitled  to   his  share  of  it,  for  he  offered  to  the 


DEXTER 


332 


DICKERSON 


board  of  trustees,  of  wliicli  he  is  a  member,  the 
first  set  of  rcsohitions  on  that  subject. 

Ilis  influence  in  Georgia,  as  it  was  in  Alabama, 
has  always  been  commanding,  resulting  in  a  large 
measure  from  his  great  good  sense,  sincere  piety, 
consistent  life,  ardent  labors,  and  exalted  intel- 
lectual powers.  In  his  long  e.xperience  he  has 
been  tried  by  many  and  deep  afilictions,  but  all 
the  while  a  spirit  of  sweet  and  pious  resignation 
has  thrown  a  mellow  radiance  around  his  life  and 
charactor. 

Dexter,  Henry  V.,  D.D.,  was  l)0rn  in  Wayne, 
Me.,  April  3,  l.Slf).  lie  was  a  graduate  of  AVater- 
ville  College  in  the  class  of  1.S42,  and  of  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1845.  His 
ordination  took  place  in  Brookline,  Mass.,  Sept.  7, 
1845,  and  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Calais,  Me.,  where  he  remained  nine 
years,  and  then  removed  to  Augusta,  Me.  His  con- 
nection with  the  Augusta  church  continued  fur  six 
years,  when,  in  l.SGO,  he  returned  to  Calais,  and  for 
the  second  time  became  pastor  of  the  church  with 
which  he  began  his  ministry,  remaining  with  it  for 
another  period  of  nine  years.  Subsequently  he 
was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Kennebunkport,  Me., 
and  of  the  cliurch  in  Baldwinsville,  Mass.  Colby 
University,  of  which  institution  he  is  a  trustee, 
conferred  on  Mr.  Dexter  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1870. 

Dexter,  Isaac,  was  bom  in  1751,  at  Dartmouth, 
Mass. ;  converted  in  Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia,  under 
the  preaching  of  the  celebrated  Henry  AUine  ;  bap- 
tized, in  1784,  by  Rev.  Thomas  llandly  Chipnian, 
the  first  Scriptural  baptism  administered  in  Queens 
County.  Died  in  1848.  He  was  a  worthy  servant 
of  the  gracious  Redeemer. 

Dickenson,  E.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
N.  .1.,  Jan.  28,  1810:  graduated  at  Hamilton  in 
1835  ;  was  ordained  in  Pougbkeepsie  in  the  autumn 
of  1836.  For  forty  years  he  was  a  faithful  minister 
of  the  gospel  in  the  place  of  his  ordination,  and  in 
Danvers,  Mass.,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  Elmira,  N.  Y., 
Lewisburg,  Pa.,  Dayton,  0.,  and  Marcus  Hook,  Pa., 
where  he  spent  fourteen  years  in  the  service  of  his 
Lord.  He  was  studious  in  his  habits,  careful  in 
his  pulpit  preparations,  attentive  to  the  sick  and 
the  indigent,  and  interested  in  the  religious  welfare 
of  the  young.  His  ministry  enjoyed  much  of  the 
divine  favor  in  his  various  fields  of  labor.  Ho  was 
moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association. 
He  possessed  the  esteem  of  many  of  the  best  men 
in  the  Baptist  denomination  by  whom  he  was 
known.  He  entered  his  eternal  home  Dec.  8,  1875. 
Lewisburg  University  conferred  \ipon  him  the  well- 
earned  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Dickerson,  James  Stokes,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Philadelplna,  July  6,  1825.  His  buy  hood  was  spent 
partly  in  Philadelphia  and  partly  in  New  York;  in 


the  latter  city  with  relatives  of  his  mother,  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Stokes,  who,  like  Mr. 
Dickerson,  the  father  of  James,  was  remarkable 
for  his  devout  spirit,  and  his  active  zeal  in  dilferont 


J.\MES   STOKES    DICKERSON,  D.D. 

lines  of  Clu-istian  work.  Three  years  were  spent 
in  study  in  Newburgh  Academy.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  a  position  was  secured  him  in  a  store  in 
New  York.  His  conversion  took  place  in  1840, 
and  he  became  a  member  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
church,  receiving  the  ordinance  at  the  hands  of 
Rev.  W.  AV.  Everts.  In  1842  he  began  his  course 
of  study  preparatory  to  the  ministry,  which,  even 
before  his  conversion,  seems  to  have  been  his  chosen 
sphere.  At  the  age  of  about  seventeen  he  entered 
the  preparatory  department  of  Madison  University; 
after  two  years  in  it  he  entered  the  collegiate,  and 
graduated  in  1848.  An  affection  of  the  throat  in- 
terfered with  his  theological  studies,  and  also  with 
his  plans  for  entering  at  once  upon  the  active  duties 
of  the  ministry.  In  1850  he  became  associated 
with  Prof.  M.  B.  Anderson,  then  of  Waterville 
College,  Me.,  in  the  publication  of  the  New  York 
Recorder.  This  connection,  mutually  most  pleas- 
ant, and  of  signal  service  in  the  journalism  of  the 
denomination,  was  brought  to  a  close  at  the  end  of 
four  years  by  Dr.  Anderson's  acceptance  of  the 
Rochester  presidency.  Mr.  Dickerson  engaged  in 
the  business  of  bookseller  and  publisher  in  New 
York,  continuing  in  this  two  years,  when  he  be- 
came depository  agent  of  the  Publication  Society 
in  Philadelphia.  After  four  years  in  this  service 
he  became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Philadelphia 


DICKIN 


333 


DICKINSON 


Christian  Chronicle.  It  was  while  editing  this 
paper  that  he  began  preaching  at  Wilmington, 
Del.,  first  as  supply  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
in  tliat  city.  This  ended  in  a  call,  which  he  ac- 
cepted, and  entered  upon  his  new  duties  March  1, 
1861.  This  pastorate  he  held  five  years;  a  pas- 
torate fruitful  in  every  way,  a  large  number  Ijoing 
added  to  the  church, — 200  at  one  time.  It  was  also 
an  eventful  period  to  the  country,  by  reason  of  the 
civil  war,  which  in  the  mean  time  began  and  ended, 
and  in  which  Mr.  Diekerson,  connected  witli  the 
Christian  Commission,  rendered  most  important 
service.  In  May,  1805,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Avenue  Baptist  church,  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
It  was  again  a  five-years'  service,  with  large  results 
of  lasting  good.  Besides  the  completion  of  the 
chapel  of  the  present  elegant  hou.se  of  worship,  and 
the  purchase  of  the  ground  upon  which  it  stands, 
there  were  large  ingatherings.  In  1870  a  call  from 
the  South  Baptist  church,  Boston,  took  him  to  that 
city.  It  was  while  here  that  the  rheumatic  affec- 
tion which  caused  his  death  became  so  serious  as 
to  occasion  anxiety,  and  at  length  to  necessitate  a 
change  of  labor.  The  pastorate,  which  lasted  until 
February,  187.5,  was  a  most  happy  and  prosperous 
one,  varied  during  the  year  1S71  by  a  visit  to  Eu- 
rope with  his  wife,  which  he  greatly  enjoyed. 
Satisfied  at  length  that  further  service  in  the  pas- 
torate had  become  impossible,  through  the  almost 
complete  failure  of  his  health,  he  purchased  an  in- 
terest in  the  proprietorship  of  The  Standard,  of 
Chicago,  and  removing  to  that  city  in  1870,  became 
joint  editor  of  the  paper,  and  co-proprietor  with 
Mr.  Edward  Goodman.  In  spite  of  his  rapidly 
failing  health  he  rendered  highly  important  service 
in  his  new  relations,  contributing  valuable  articles 
even  while  confined  to  his  bed  and  suffering  ex- 
treme pain.  lie  died  in  the  spring  of  1870,  and 
was  buried,  March  24,  in  the  Oakwood  Cemetery. 
He  was  "a  man  greatly  beloved,"  and  his  death 
■was  felt  as  a  severe  denominational  loss.  His  first 
wife,  whom  he  had  married  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  as  Miss 
Julia  P.  Spencer,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Julius  A. 
Spencer,  died  at  Philadelphia  in  1864.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  1866  he  marricil  Miss  Emma  R.  Richard- 
son, daughter  of  Prof.  J.  F.  Richardson,  of  Roches- 
ter. Mrs.  Diekerson  with  her  son,  J.  S.  Diekerson, 
succeeded  him  in  the  proprietorship  of  the  Stan- 
dard, having  a  connection  also  with  its  editorial 
staff. 

Dickin,  Rev.  Edward  Nichols,  was  born  in 
Campbell  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  2ri,  ISo.'j.  He  graduated 
at  Georgetown  in  1861,  Was  Professor  of  Greek 
and  Latin  from  1864  to  1870,  At  the  latter  period 
he  took  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Bethel  Baptist 
church  at  Pembroke,  Christian  Co.,  Ky.  Mr. 
Dickin  is  a  fine  sclmlar,  a  good  preacher,  and  a 
most  excellent  pastor. 


Dickinson,  A.  E.,  D.D.,  at  present  senior  ed- 
itor of  the  lidlijious  Herald,  published  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  was  born  December,  1830,  in  Orange 
Co.,  Va.     Having  pursued  his  studies  both  at  Rich- 


A.  E.  DICKINSON,  D.D. 

mond  College  and  the  University  of  Virginia,  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Charlottes- 
ville, the  seat  of  the  university,  where  he  was 
greatly  blessed  in  his  labors,  influencing  by  his 
counsels  many  of  the  students  for  good,  and  build- 
ing up  the  church  of  his  charge  into  a  strong  and 
active  body.  He  afterwards  became  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school  and  colportage  work  under 
the  direction  of  the  Board  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion of  Virginia,  in  which  position  he  organized 
many  new  Sunday  -  schools,  strengthened  those 
already  in  existence,  enlarged  their  libraries,  in- 
creased their  facilities  for  carrying  on  their  work 
more  successfully,  and  preached  the  gospel  in  many 
places  almost  entirely  destitute  of  these  means  of 
grace.  After  nine  years'  successful  labor  in  this 
most  important  field  of  Christian  activity,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Leigh  Street  Baptist  church, 
Richmond,  where,  by  means  of  his  earnest  and 
practical  methnil  of  preaching,  and  his  genial  and 
sympathetic  pastor.al  bearing  towards,  and  inter- 
course with  the  people,  he  accomplished  much  good, 
and  made  his  church  a  powerful  instrument  in 
spreading  Baptist  principles  in  the  community. 
Afterwards  he  became  joint  owner  and  editor,  with 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter,  of  the  Religious  Ilerald.  a 
weekly  journal,  which  for  dignity  of  bearing,  fidel- 
ity to  old-fashioned  gospel  Baptist  truth,  for  .an 


DILLAHUNTY 


334 


DIMOCK 


earnest  interest  in,  and  aiivocacy  of  all  denomina- 
tional enterprises,  anil  for  largeness  of  circulation 
among  an  intelligent  constituency,  ranks  among 
the  best  religious  periodicals  in  the  (iountry. 

Dr.  Dickinson,  too,  does  not  confine  himself  to 
the  seclusion  of  the  editorial  room.  He  is  an  inter- 
ested attendant  on  Associational,  educational,  and 
other  meetings,  and  is  ever  ready  to  encourage 
their  efforts  by  his  counsel  and  his  contributions. 
Many  a  pastor  has  had  his  judicious  help  in  pro- 
tracted meetings,  and  numerous  new  converts  can 
date  their  first  quickenings  of  conscience,  under  the 
grace  of  tiod,  to  hiseiirncst  and  pointed  preaching, 
or  the  solution  of  tlieir  distressing  doubts  to  his 
sympathetic  and  judicious  counsel.  Perhaps  no 
editor  of  a  denominati(jnal  journal  in  the  country 
is  more  widely  and  favorably  known,  or  more  cor- 
dially welcomed  to  all  Baptist  assemblies,  than  the 
"senior"  editor  of  tlic  lidif/iaus  Ilerrihl.  Furman 
University,  of  South  Carolina,  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 

Dillahunty,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Kent  Co., 
Md.,  about  1730.  After  bis  marriage  he  moved  to 
the  neighborhood  of  Newbern,  N.  0.  The  esteem 
of  his  new  friends  secured  for  him  the  sheriff's  of- 
fice for  Craven  County.  The  first  sermon  he  ever 
heard  was  from  George  Whitefield,  and  it  pro- 
foundly moved  him.  At  a  meeting  conducted  by 
iShubael  Stearns  and  Daniel  Marshall  his  soul  was 
brought  into  the  liberty  of  Jesus,  and  be  was  bap- 
tized. A  church  was  organizoil  in  his  neighljor- 
hoo<l.  which  soon  dissolved,  but  its  members  united 
again  and  elected  him  jiastor.  Near  his  church,  in 
Jones  County,  was  a  fine  Episcopal  cliurcli  edifice, 
erected  by  the  government  in  colonial  times,  whose 
Tory  rector  fled  to  England  in  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolutionary  war.  The  members  of  this  church 
attended  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Dillahunty,  and  nearly 
the  whole  of  tbem  were  converted,  and  the  vestry 
met  and  gave  the  church  edifice  to  him  and  his 
church,  and  to  their  successors  forever.  He  w^ent 
to  Tennessee  in  March,  1796  ;  the  year  after  he  was 
chiefly  instrumental  in  organizing  the  church  at 
Richland  Creek,  of  which  he  became  pastor,  and  in 
which  he  labored  till  his  death,  which  occurred 
February  8,  1816.  Mr.  Dillahunty  was  an  effective 
preacher,  full  of  the  spirit  of  God,  a  builder  on  the 
walls  of  Zion  who  needed  not  to  be  ashamed. 

Dillard,  Ryland  Thompson,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Carolini'  (_'cj.,  Va..  November,  17'.)7.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  llappahannoek  Academy,  Port  Royal,  and 
he  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812-15.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years  he  emigrated  to  Kentucky. 
He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  with  Hon. 
Richard  French  at  Winchester,  Ky.,  in  1821.  He 
bad  grown  up  and  been  confirmed  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  but  being  convinced  of  the  necessity  of 


being  born  again,  he  sought  and  obtained  hope  in 
Jesus.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Bry- 
ants, and  was  baptized  by  the  venerable  Ambrose 
Dudley  in  September,  1823.      In  ]*<24  he  was  or- 


RVI.ANl)    THOMI'.SON     Mil. I, Mil),    D.D. 

dained,  and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  East  Hick- 
man church,  and  a  few  years  afterwards,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  other  charge,  that  of  David's  Fork, 
preaching  to  the  former  forty-seven  years,  and  to 
the  latter  more  than  thirty  years.  During  most  of 
his  ministry  these  two  churches  aggregated  over 
1000  members.  In  1842,  Mr.  Dillanl  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  the  State, 
holding  that  position  six  years.  He  was  active  in 
originating  the  General  Association  of  Kentucky, 
was  many  years  moderator  of  Elkhorn  Association, 
and  was  a  trustee  of  Georgetown  College.  He 
wrote  for  the  Baptist  periodicals,  and  preached 
frequently  to  the  destitute,  especially  among  the 
mountains  of  Eastern  Kentuckj'.  During  his  min- 
istry be  baptized  over  4000  people,  and  married 
873  couples.  He  died  Nov.  2(i,  1878,  and  was 
buried  in  the  family  grave-yard  near  Lexington. 

Dimock,  Rev.  David  C.  W.,  son  of  Rev.  Jo- 
seph Dimnck,  was  born  at  Chester,  Nova  Scotia; 
studied  at  Ilorton  Academy  ;  ordained  at  Chester, 
Dec.  4.  1841  ;  was  for  many  years  pastor  at  Onslow 
and  Truro,  Nova  Scotia,  and  has  labored  exten- 
sively and  prosperously  in  other  parts  of  the  Mari- 
time Provinces. 

Dimock,  Judge  Davis,  was  born  at  Rocky 
Ilill,  Conn.,  Miiy  27.  1776.  His  father  served  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Revolutionary  army.     Ilis  parents 


DIMOCK 


335 


DISCIPLES 


moved  into  the  Wyoiiiini;  Valley,  Pennsylvania, 
about  1790.  Davis  settled  in  Exeter,  puid  some 
att(^ntion  to  medicine,  and  became  successfully  en- 
gaged in  business.  lie  had  imbibed  intidel  senti- 
ments, but  was  converted  in  1801,  and  ordained  to 
the  ministry  in  1803.  In  1S08  he  removed  to  Mon- 
trose, where  he  resided  till  his  death,  in  September, 
1858.  Foi^  fifty  years  he  was  a  leading  Bajitist 
minister  in  the  Luzerne,  Lackawanna,  Susque- 
hanna, and  Wyoming  region.  For  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  was  an  associate  judgi^  of 
Susquehanna  County.  In  1824  he  commenced  the 
publication  of  a  monthly  called  The  ChristUtn  Muij. 
azine,  or  Baptist  Mirror,  which  he  continued  for 
three  years.  Jlr.  Dimook  was  fifty-eight  years  in 
the  ministry,  and  by  his  talents  and  piety  wielded 
an  extensive  influence  for  God  and  truth.  His 
children  inherited  the  genius  of  their  father,  and 
the  Lord  bestowed  on  them  the  same  grace.  Ilis 
daughter,  Mrs.  Lydia  C.  Searles,  is  "a  lai-ge  con- 
tributor to  current  history." 

Dimock,  Hon.  Davis,  Jr.,  a  son  of  the  Rev. 
Davis  Dimock,  uf  Montrose,  was  born  in  18UT,  and 
■was  blessed  with  the  second  birth  at  an  early  pe- 
riod in  life,  and  united  with  his  fiither's  church  in 
Montrose.  He  made  the  law  his  profession,  and 
soon  obtained  such  distinction  in  his  calling  that 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. While  serving  his  country  in  this 
honored  position  he  passed  into  the  better  land  in 
1842,  in  his  thirty-fifth  year. 

Dimock,  Rev.  George,  was  bom  July  17,  1777, 
in  Newport,  Nova  Scntia ;  converted  1789;  bap- 
tized at  Horton,  179',l,  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Harding,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  formed  at  Newport 
in  August,  1799;  commenced  pi-eaching  in  1818; 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Newport  in  1820, 
and  continued  in  this  office  till  18G0;  died  Sept.  30, 
1800.  His  life  and  ministry  were  marked  by  great 
usefulness. 

Dimock,  Rev.  Joseph,  son  of  Daniel  Dimock, 
and  prominent  among  the  pioneers  and  founders  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
in  Newport,  Nova  Scotia,  Dec.  11,  1768  ;  converted 
July  17,  1785;  baptized  at  Horton,  May  0,  1787,  by 
Rev.  Nicholas  Pierson ;  ordained  pastor  at  Chester, 
Sept.  10,  1793,  and  so  continued  till  liis  death, 
June  29,  1846;  was  active  in  forming  the  Baptist 
Association,  June  23,  1800;  evangelized  and  ba]i- 
tized  in  Cape  Breton  Island  in  1825,  1820,  and 
1838,  with  gracious  results;  was  a  warm  friend  of 
education  ;  eminently  gentle  and  kiml ;  sound  in 
doctrine,  strong  in  faith,  and  profound  in  Christian 
experience,  Mr.  Dimock's  ministry  was  one  of 
goodness  and  great  spiritual  results. 

Dipping  in  the  Westminster  Assembly  of 

Divines.  —  Dr.  John  T-ightfoot,  a  I'resliyterian 
member  of  the  celebrated  body  just  named,  kept  a 


journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  of  Aug.  7,  1044,  he 
says,  "  And  here  fell  we  upon  a  large  and  long 
discourse,  whi^tin'r  dipping  were  essential,  or  used 
in  the  first  institution,  or  in  the  Jews'  custom.  Mr. 
Colnian  (one  of  the  ablest  Hebrew  scholars  in  Eng- 
land) went  about  in  a  large  discourse  to  prove 
tauvdch  (Hebrew  for  immersion)  to  be  dipping 
over  liea<l,  which  I  answered  at  large.  .  .  .  After 
a  long  dispute  it  was  at  last  put  to  t\w  question 
whether  the  Directory  (for  public  worship)  should 
run,  'The  minister  shall  take  water  and  sprinkle 
or  ponr  it  with  his  hand  upon  the  face  or  forehead 
of  the  child  ;"  and  it  was  voted  so  indifferently  that 
we  were  glad  to  count  nam(?s  twice  ;  for  so  many 
were  unwilling  to  havi'  dipping  excluded,  that  the 
vote  came  to  an  cqualiti/wilhin  one ;  for  the  one  side 
was  twenty-four,  the  other  twenty-five,— <Ae  twenty- 
four  for  the  reserving  of  dipping,  and  the  twenty- 
five  against  it.  And  there  grew  a  great  heat  upon 
it:  and  when  we  had  done  all,  we  concluded  upon 
nothing  in  it;  but  the  business  was  recommitted.'' 
(The  Whole  Works  of  Lightfoot,  xiii.  300,  301. 
London,  1824.)  The  next  day  dipping  was  efi'ect- 
ually  voted  down  as  one  of  the  modes  of  baptism 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  At  this  period  the 
immorsionists  had  greater  strength  in  that  commu- 
nity than  they  have  ever  had  since. 

Disciples  of  Christ,  The,  or  "Christians,"  or 
"  Campbellites,"  as  they  are  sometimes  improperly 
called,  are  a  religious  community  existing  in  Eu- 
rope to  a  very  limited  extent,  with  a  numerous 
membership  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

Thomas  and  Alexander  Campbell,  father  and  son, 
Scotch-Irishmen  by  birth,  connected  originallj'  with 
the  Presbyterian  church  founded  by  the  piuus 
Erskines,  in  1810  gathered  a  congregation  at  Brush 
Run,  Pa.,  "  which  was  designed  from  its  very  in- 
ception to  put  an  end  to  all  partisan  controversies, 
anil,  far  from  narrowing  the  basis  of  Christian  fel- 
lowship, to  furnish  abundant  room  for  all  believers 
upon  the  broad  ground  of  the  Bible,  and  a  common 
religion  upon  the  merits  of  Christ.''  In  1812  the 
congregation  of  Brush  Run  and  the  two  ministering 
brethren  were  baptized  by  Elder  Luse  of  the  Bap- 
tist denomination,  "  upon  the  simple  profession  of 
faith  made  by  the  Ethiopian  cunueli.''  In  1813 
this  body  was  received  into  the  Redstone  Baptist 
A.ssociation  on  the  condition  that  '"  no  terms  of 
union  or  communion  other  than  the  Holy  Scriptures 
should  be  required."  After  a  connection  with  the 
Redstone  Association  of  nearly  ten  years,  rendereil 
unpleasant  by  growing  diHieulties,  Alexander 
Campbell  was  one  of  about  thirty  members  who 
received  dismission  from  the  church  at  Brush  Run 
to  constitute  a  church  at  Wellsburg,  \i\.  The  new 
community  was  admitted  into  the  Mahoning  Bap- 
tist Association  of  Ohio.  Nearly  the  whole  Asso- 
ciation by  degrees  adopted  the  views  of  Mr.  Camp- 


DISCIPLES 


336 


DISTRICT 


bell.  These  sentiments  became  obnoxious  to  many 
neighboring  Baptist  cliuiuhes,  so  that  "the  Beaver 
Association  (of  Pennsylvania)  was  induced  to  de- 
nounce them  as  heretical,  and  exclude  from  their 
fellowship  all  those  churches  which  favored  the 
views  of  Mr.  Campbell  and  his  friends.  The  rent 
in  the  denomination  was  made  wider,  and  the  Dis- 
ciples stood  before  the  world  as  an  indeiicniieiit 
community,  differing  from  the  Baptists  chiefly 
about  their  "  rejection  of  creeds,  and  baptism  for 
remission  of  sins."  The  year  1828  was  the  time 
when  the  Mahoning  Association  adopted  the  doc- 
trines advocated  by  Mr.  Campbell,  and  as  a  conse- 
quence that  year  is  commonly  regarded  as  the  com- 
mencement of  the  distinct  denominational  life  of 
the  "'Disciples."  The  object  of  the  movement  of 
which  Thomas  and  Alexander  Campbell  w^ere  the 
leaders,  according  to  Prof.  R.  Richai'dson,  of  Vir- 
ginia, was  "to  disinter  the  edifice  of  ancient  Chris- 
tianity from  the  rubbish  which  so  many  ages  had 
accumulated  upon  it;  and  the  beauty  of  those  por- 
tions which  were  first  exposed,  only  induced  greater 
exertions  to  bring  others  into  view.  It  was  the 
unity  of  the  church  which  first  struck  the  atten- 
tion ;  the  subsequent  submission  to  immersion  is 
only  one  example  among  others  of  that  progression 
which  consistency  with  their  own  principles  re- 
quired. Thus,  it  was  not  until  ten  years  after  this 
that  the  ihjinite  object  of  immersion  was  fully  un- 
derstood, when  it  was  recognized  as  the  reiuittiiKj 
ordinance  of  the  gospel,  or  the  appointed  means 
through  which  the  penitent  sinner  obtained  an  as- 
surance of  that  pardon,  or  remission,  procured  for 
him  by  the  suffering  and  death  of  Christ.  Nor 
was  it  until  a  still  later  period  that  this  doctrine 
was  prart icalli/  applied,  in  calling  upon  believing 
penitents  to  be  baptized  for  the  purpose  specified. 
This  view  of  baptism  gave  great  importance  to  the 
institution,  and  has  become  one  of  the  prominent 
features  of  this  reformation."  (Religious  Denom- 
inations of  the  United  States,  p.  229.  Philadel- 
phia, 1850.) 

They  discard  all  human  creeds  and  confessions, 
taking  the  Bible  as  their  only  religious  authority ; 
they  regard  all  other  denominations  as  imperfect, 
and  claim  that  they  have  restored  New  Testament 
order  in  all  things.  They  lojk  upon  the  divisions  of 
Christians  as  essentially  wrong,  and  advocate  the 
union  of  all  believers  on  their  platform.  They  in- 
sist on  using  Bible  terras  for  Scriptui-al  subjects, 
and  therefore  reject  the  words  "  Trinity,  Triune, 
etc.,  (though)  they  receive  everything  which  the 
Scripture  affirms  of  the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the 
Holy  Spirit,  giving  to  every  expression  its  full  and 
obvious  meaning."  They  teach  that  when  Christ  is 
preached  the  hearers  have  ability  to  believe  upon, 
and  obey  him  ;  that  baptism  is  immersion  only,  and 
should  be  administered  to  no  one  but  a  believer ; 


that  it  precedes  forgiveness  and  adoption  ;  that  the 
blood  of  Christ  only  cleanses  from  sin.  but  that 
God  requires  faith,  repentance,  and  haptism  as  the 
coudilidHs  on  which,  for  Christ's  sake,  he  forgives 
and  adopts  his  children ;  or  as  many  state  it, 
"  There  are  three  steps  necessari/  to  salvation, — -faith, 
repentance,  and  baptism." 

They  believe  that  conversion  is  a  turning  to  the 
Lord,  and  that  in  the  New  Testament  baptism  is 
the  outward  act  by  which  one  who  has  faith  and 
repentance  manifests  this  great  change.  They  be- 
lieve that  the  Spirit  operates  on  sinners  through  the 
Word  of  God,  though  some  of  them  think  that  he 
acts  directly  on  the  guilty  heart. 

They  object  to  relations  of  Christian  experience 
as  prerequisites  to  ba|)tism,  requiring  nothing  more 
than  the  brief  confession  made  by  the  eunuch  be- 
fore Philip  immersed  him.  They  administer  the 
Supper  every  Lord's  day,  to  a  participation  of 
which  with  them  Peilobaptists  are  not  invited,  but 
from  which  they  are  not  excluded. 

Their  government  is  congregational  ;  every 
church  has  elders  to  take  charge  of  its  spiritual 
affairs,  and  deacons  to  care  for  its  temporal  con- 
cerns. The  official  position  of  the  preacher  is  not 
invested  with  quite  as  much  authority  as  is  accorded 
to  it  in  other  religious  bodies,  and  the  title  of  Rev. 
is  never  given  him  by  his  brethren. 

In  other  particulars  the  DLscijiles  are  in  harmony 
with  evangelical  Christians. 

Their  numbers  in  the  United  States  are  variously 
estimated  at  from  2.i0,000  to  000,000.  They  have 
churches  in  almost  every  State  and  Territory  of  the 
Union,  but  they  are  most  numerous  in  Illinois,  In- 
diana, Kentucky,  Missouri,  and  Ohio.  They  also 
have  a  few  churches  in  the  British  American  prov- 
inces, and  in  England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  Australia, 
New  Zealand,  and  Jamaica.  They  have  a  number 
of  institutions  of  learning  .and  several  newspaper.s. 

They  are  an  active  and  moral  people,  some  of 
whom  occupy  distinguished  positions  in  the  United 
States.  Judge  Jeremiah  Black,  of  Pennsylvania, 
Gov.  Bishop,  of  Ohio,  and  President-elect  Garfield 
are  citizens  that  reflect  honor  on  the  Disciples  of 
Christ. 

The  editor  places  this  sketch  in  the  Encyclopedia 
because  the  Disciples  of  Christ  are  a  considerable 
section  of  the  great  and  growing  immersion  family. 
He  has  been  at  some  pains  to  secure  a  fair  repre- 
sentation of  their  opinions  and  practices.  And  he 
would  add,  that  in  common  with  his  brethren,  he 
dissents  from  all  the  peculiar  opinions  of  Mr.  Camp- 
bell and  the  special  features  of  his  reOivMiation. 

District  of  Columbia,  The  Baptists  of.— The 
first  Baptist  cluirch  in  the  District  was  organized 
March  7,  1802,  with  six  members.  Washington  at 
that  time  contained  but  4000  inhabitants.  The 
Rev.  Wm.  Parkinson,  then   chaplain   to  Congress, 


DISTRICT 


337 


DIXON 


Bupplieil  the  pulpit.  In  the  follovrini;  autumn  a 
phiin  meeting-house  was  built  at  the  cornor  of  I 
and  Nineteenth  Streets.  The  church  reniained 
without  a  pastor  five  years,  at  the  termination  of 
which  time  the  Rev.  O.  B.  Brown  was  elected  pas- 
tor (January,  1807),  and  continued  such  forty-three 
years.  Spencer  H.  Cone,  having  abandoned  the 
stage,  was  licensed  by  the  church.  In  1814  the 
Hon.  0.  C.  C'omstock,  a  member  of  Congress,  was 
converted,  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church,  and  licensed  to  preach.  In  1833  the  church 
built  a  meeting-house  on  Tenth  Street.  In  1859,  in 
pursuance  of  an  arrangement  made  with  the  Fourth 
churcJi,  worshiping  on  Thirteenth  Street,  the  First 
church  took  possession  of  tbeirbuilding,  the  member- 
ship of  the  Fourth  church  uniting  with  them.  Among 
its  members  were  Cone,  Rice,  Cushman,  Knowles, 
Howell,  Stow,  Chapin,  Dodge,  and  others  known 
and  loved  by  the  denomination.  Its  pastors  have 
been  Brown  Hill,  Cole,  Samson,  Gillette,  and  Cuth- 
bert. 

The  Second  (Xavy-Yard)  church  was  organized 
June  3,  1810,  with  five  members.  They  first  occu- 
pied a  small  frame  building,  in  which  Spencer  H. 
Cone,  at  that  time  a  clerk  in  the  U.  S.  Treasury 
Department,  preached  his  first  sermon.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  elected  chaplain  to  Congress. 
In  1855  they  finished  their  present  house  of  wor- 
ship, mainly  the  result  of  the  faithful  labors  of  Dr. 
I.  Cole.  Among  the  pastors  or  temporary  supplies 
of  this  church  were  Lynd,  Neale,  Chapin,  Magin- 
nis,  Poindexter,  Bacon,  Adams,  Sydnor,  Boston, 
and  Cole. 

The  Third  (E  Street)  church  had  its  beginning 
in  1841  ;  was  organized  Oct.  6,  1842,  with  twenty- 
one  members,  and  took  the  name  of  the  Third  Bap- 
tist church  of  Washington.  In  January  of  1843  a 
remarkable  work  of  grace  began  among  them,  and 
soon  extended  to  other  churches.  In  April  of 
1843  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Samson  became  pastor,  and 
from  that  time  the  church  rapidly  increased  in 
numbers  and  efficiency.  Up  to  August,  1846,  the 
church  had  worshiped  in  public  halls,  hut  at  that 
time  they  entered  their  new  church  edifice  in  E 
Street,  and  took  the  name  of  the  E  Street  Baptist 
church.  Dr.  Samson  continued  pastor  (with  Iho 
exception  of  two  years)  until  1859.  Since  that 
time  they  have  been  .served  by  Drs.  Kennanl,  Gray, 
Parker,  and  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Jutten  and  Mason. 

In  1853  a  number  of  brethren,  mainly  from  the 
E  Street  church,  under  the  Rev.  T.  C.  Teasdale, 
erected  a  house  of  worship  on  Tliirteenth  Street. 
In  1859,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Cole,  this  intei-- 
est  became  merged  in  the  First  Baptist  churcli. 

In  1855  a  mission  was  established  on  the  "  Island" 
by  the  E  Street  church,  which,  in  1857,  was  for- 
mally recognized  as  the  Island  Baptist  church. 
The  Rev.  C.  C.  Meador  was  chosen  pastor,  and  he 


has  served  them  most  faithfully  and  successfully 
from  that  time  to  the  present. 

The  Calvary  Baptist  church  (the  Sixth  Baptist 
church)  was  constituted  June  2,  1802,  with  quite  a 
large  numtwr  of  members  dismissed  from  the  E 
Street  church.  They  w^orshiped  in  their  beautiful 
new  edifice  for  the  first  time  in  June,  18GC.  The 
cost  of  this  building  was  about  $115,000,  by  fir  the 
larger  part  of  which  was  contributed  by  the  Hon. 
Amos  Kendall,  the  senior  deacoii  of  the  church. 
Within  eighteen  months  this  beautiful  building  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  and  again  Mr.  Kendall  furnished 
the  means  (added  to  the  insurance  of  $50,0(X))  to 
reconstruct  it. 

The  North  Baptist  church,  under  the  care  of  the 
Rev.  Owen  James,  and  the  Metropolitan  Baptist 
church,  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Parker,  are  both 
young  churches,  comparatively  small  in  numbers, 
but  constantly  growing  in  strengtli  and  usefulness. 

The  Georgetown  church,  occupying  a  neat  and 
commodious  house,  have  had  many  difficulties  to 
contend  with,  and  have  grown  but  slowly.  There 
are  two  other  points  where  preaching  is  regularly 
held,  and  where  small  neat  buildings  have  been 
erected. 

Most  of  the  white  churches  in  the  District  are 
connected  with  the  Columbia  Association,  recently 
formed,  the  First  church  still  retaining  its  connec- 
tion with  the  Potomac  Association  of  Virginia. 

There  are  some  six  or  eight  colored  Baptist 
churches  in  the  District,  most  of  them  with  a  large 
membership,  and  occupying  plain,  neat  meeting- 
houses. 

Dixon,  Rev.  A.  C,  perhaps  the  most  popular 
of  all  the  young  preachers  of  North  Carolina. 
This  gentleman,  the  son  of  Rev.  T.  Dixon,  was 
born  in  Shelby,  N.  C,  in  1854.  He  was  graduated 
from  AV^ake  Forest  College  in  1875  ;  read  theology 
at  Greenville,  S.  C,  for  a  time,  and  was  for  three 
years  pastor  at  Chapel  Hill.  He  is  now  the  pastor 
at  Ashville,  N.  C,  and  has  had  much  success  in 
revival  meetings. 

Dixon,  Rev.  J.  W.,  was  bom  in  Bladen  Co., 
N.  C.,  March  5,  1841  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  W.  BI. 
Kennedy  in  1858 ;  entered  the  army  as  a  private 
and  served  through  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant;  was  ordained  in  1S77  by  Revs. 
II.  and  .J.  P.  Lennon,  and  is  at  present  the  moder- 
ator of  the  Cape  Fear  Association.  His  principal 
service  as  pastor  has  been  among  the  churches  of 
Bladen  anil  Columbus  Counties. 

Dixon,  Rev.  T.,  was  born  Dec.  24.  1820,  in  York 
Co..  S.  C. :  was  baptized  by  Rov.  J.  M.  Thomas  in 
1S3S,  and  ordained  in  1844,  Revs.  Wade  Hill,  T.  K. 
Persley,  and  S.  Morgan  forming  the  Presbytery. 
Mr.  Dixon  has  founded  some  large  churches  :  served 
Bufiiilo  church  thirty  years,  and  New  Prospect  for 
twenty-five,  and  baptized  on  an  average  50  persons 


DOANE 


338 


DOCK  Eli  Y 


for  thirtv-eiglit  years,  inakins  an  ajijrregate  of  1900 
souls.  Ill'  was  till'  first  iiicidorator  of  the  King's 
Mountain  Association,  and  has  served  that  body  in 
the  same  relation  many  times.  lie  still  prosecutes 
his  work  as  a  pastor  with  vigor,  and  is  a  man  of 
larjie  influence  in  his  Association. 

Doane,  William  Howard,  Mus.  Doc,  was 
horn  in  Preston,  Conn..  Feb.  3,  1S31.  Received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Wood- 
stock Academy,  where  he  graduated  in  1848.  In 
1851  took  charge  of  the  books  and  finances  of  the 
J.  A.  Fay  Wood-working  Manufacturing  Company, 
and  in  1860  became  a  partner  in  the  firm,  removing 
in  the  same  year  to  Cincinnati,  O.,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Was  converted  in  1847,  and  baptized 
in  18.51  by  Kev.  Frederic  Denison  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Central  church  of  Norwich,  Conn.  lias 
been  all  liis  Christian  life  an  active  worker  in  the 
Sunday-school. 

Dr.  Doane  stands  among  the  foremost  musical 
composers  of  our  day.  lie  early  developed  a  taste 
for  music,  and  gave  himself  to  its  study.  Among 
his  instructors  were  C.  W.  Rouse,  A.  N.  Johnson, 
and  Kanhoyser;  from  whom  he  took  a  throe-years' 
course  of  thorough-bass.  In  18.52-54  he  was  con- 
ductor of  the  Norwich  Harmonic  Society.  In 
1854  he  assisted  Prof.  B.  F.  Baker  in  a  musical 
convention.  He  began  to  compose  Sunday-school 
music,  in  fulfillment  of  a  covenant  with  God  made 
during  a  severe  attack  of  heart-disease  in  1862, 
which  brought  him  to  death's  door.  His  first  book, 
entitled  "  Sabbath-School  Gems,"  was  published 
the  same  year.  This  was  followed  in  1864  by 
"  Little  Sunbeams.'  "  Silver  Spray"  appeared  in 
1867,  and  "Songs  of  Devotion"  in  1868.  Since 
then,  in  connection  with  Rev.  Robert  Lowry,  D.D., 
he  has  published  "  Pure  Gold,"  "Royal  Diadem," 
"Temple  Anthems,"  "Tidal  Wave,"  "Brightest 
and  Best,"  "Welcome  Tidings,"  "Fountain  of 
Song."  "The  Devotional  Hymn  and  Tune  Book," 
and  "  Good  as  Gold."  A  large  amount  of  sheet- 
music  has  also  come  from  his  pen.  Some  of  his 
compositions  have  been  sung  in  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Among  those  which  have  been  particularly 
popular  and  useful  may  be  mentioned  "  The  Old, 
Old  Story,"  "  More  Like  Jesus,"  "  Near  the  Cross," 
and  "  What  Shall  the  Harvest  Be?" 

In  1875  Denison  University  gave  him  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Mus.  Doe.  In  1878  be  returned 
this  compliment  by  presenting  the  university  with 
Doane  Hall,  a  beautiful  library  building  costing 
over  S10,000.  Dr.  Doane  is  in  the  prime  of  life, 
and  is  characterized  by  abounding  energy  and  en- 
thusiasm. The  head  of  a  large  and  ever-growing 
business,  he  yet  finds  time  for  music  and  much 
public  service  for  Christ.  In  the  Robert  Raikes 
Centenary  in  London  (18S0)  he  was  one  of  the  most 
prominent  American  delegates. 


Dobbs,  C.  E.  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Portsmouth, 
Va.,  -Vug.  1:2,  ls40.  He  was  educated  in  the  art 
of  printing,  and  liccanic  editorially  connected  with 
the  press  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth.  Ho  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  Grcensborough,  N.  C,  in 
1859,  and  in  1800  entered  the  theological  seminary 
at  Greenville,  S.  C,  from  whence  he  returned  and 
preached  to  Court  Street  and  Fourth  Street  churches 
in  Portsmouth  until  1866,  when  he  movod  to  Ken- 
tucky. After  serving  several  churches  in  Madison 
County  he  was  called  to  the  First  church  in  Bowl- 
ing Green,  and  was  pastor  six  years.  He  now 
(1880)  has  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Dayton, 
and  has  been  for  several  years  secretary  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  of  the  General 
Association  of  Kentucky.  Dr.  Dolibs  has  written 
much  for  the  periodical  press,  and  published  one 
or  two  small  books. 

Dockery,  Gen.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Richmond 
Co.,  N.  C,  Dec.  11,  17y7.     His  great  good  sense 


IIO.V.    OLIVER    DOCKERV. 

and  extraordinary  force  of  character  enabled  him 
to  take  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  affairs  of  his 
State.  When  twenty-five  years  old  he  represented 
his  native  county  in  the  House  of  Commons.  lie 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  ol 
1835;  in  1836  he  was  in  the  State  senate,  and  in 
1845  he  w<is  sent  to  Congress  from  his  district,  and 
he  was  again  in  Congress  in  1851.  In  1854  he  was 
a  candidate  for  governor,  and  though  defeated  he 
made  a  fine  canvass,  reducing  the  majority  of  the 
successful  party  from  6000  to  2000. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  he  was,  in  1865,  a 


DODD 


339 


DODGE 


member  of  the  convention  culled  by  tlie  provisional 
government  of  the  State,  und  in  1866,  against  his 
wishes,  he  was  made  a  candidate  for  governor. 
His  last  public  position  was  that  of  president  of  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  State  penitentiary.  Gen. 
Dockery  became  a  Baptist  early  in  life,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  our  denominational  movements. 
He  died  Dec.  3,  1S73.  His  son,  lion.  Oliver  Dock- 
ery, is  a  man  of  culture,  and  of  exten-^ive  legal 
attainments.  He  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  load- 
ing members  of  the  bar  in  North  Carolina.  His 
integrity  and  ability  secured  his  election  as  a  Con- 
gressman from  North  Carolina. 

Lodd,  Rev.  J.  S.,  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
Aug.  3,  18U9 ;  moved  to  Georgia  in  1828  and  set- 
tled in  Fayette  County,  within  two  miles  of  where 
he  now  lives.  In  1832  he  united  with  Bethsaida 
church,  where  his  membership  still  is  (1880).  In 
1841  he  was  licensed,  and  in  1842  he  was  ordained. 
He  at  once  took  charge  of  four  churches,  and  has 
never  served  fewer  at  a  time.  He  has  had  charge 
of  the  Bethsaida  church  nearly  forty  years,  and 
has  baptized  into  its  membership  about  1000  per- 
sons, among  them  eleven  of  his  own  children  and 
twenty-four  of  his  grandchildren.  He  was  pastor 
of  Ramah  cliurch  twenty-six  years,  Antioch  church 
twenty-one  years,  Bethlehem  church  thirteen 
years,  Fairburn  church  fifteen  years,  Ebenezer 
church  eight  years;  and  into  these  and  other 
churches  which  he  served  he  has  baptized  over 
3000  persons.  He  has  been  for  many  years  mod- 
erator of  his  As.sociation,  and  wields  a  great  and 
good  influence  in  his  community.  His  distinguish- 
ing trait  is  energy. 

Dodge,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia 
in  177.1,  and  brought  up  in  the  United  States.  At 
eighteen  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  Woodstock,  Vt.  In  1801  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  gospel  ministry  in  Maryland.  His 
convictions  of  dnty  for  years  led  him  to  journey  on 
horseback,  preaching  the  gospel  wherever  he  found 
an  opening,  in  cities  and  villages,  and  in  country- 
barns.  In  Wilmington,  where  Mr.  Dodge  was 
settled  for  some  years,  he  baptized  259  persons. 
He  removed  to  Piscataway,  N.  J.,  in  1818,  where 
he  labored  for  nearly  fourteen  years,  with  continued 
manifestations  of  the  divine  favor.  He  accepted  a 
call  to  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1832,  where  he  spent  six 
years  of  successful  toil  as  pastor  of  the  First  church. 
Afterwards  he  settled  in  Philadelphia,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptise  church,  a  position  that 
ho  retained  till  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1851. 

One  of  his  personal  friends,  who  sat  under  his 
ministry  for  many  years,  says  "  his  manner  was 
easy  and  graceful,  his  sentences  had  force  and  ap- 
plication ;  he  was  impressed  with  the  solemnity 
and  responsibility  of  his  sacred  office  ;  the  sim- 
plicity and  paternal  style  of  his  addresses  lent  a 


charm  to  his  discourses."  In  his  public  ministra- 
tions it  was  evident  to  all  that  God  was  with  him. 
He  was  an  Israelite  indeed,  in  whom  there  was  no 
guile,  a  burning  and  a  shining  light,  a  minister  of 


REV.   DANMEI.    DODGE. 

Jesus  who  occupied  probably  the  warmest  place  in 
the  hearts  of  his  brethren,  and  of  some  thousands 
of  others,  ever  possessed  by  any  pastor  in  Philadel- 
phia. Though  twenty-nine  j-ears  in  the  grave,  his 
memory  is  as  fragrant  in  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
and  in  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  as  if 
he  had  only  died  a  few  months  since. 

Dodge,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  at 
Salem,  Mass.,  April  21.  1.S19:  graduated  at  Brown 
University,  1840;  was  principal  of  the  Shelburne 
Falls  Academy  for  two  years ;  graduated  at  New- 
ton Theological  .Seminary  in  1845:  was  pastor  in 
New  London.  N.  H.,  from  1846  to  1853.  Professor 
of  Biblical  Criticism  in  Hamilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, and  Professor  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity 
in  Madison  University,  from  18.53  to  1861.  Since 
1801  he  has  been  I'rofessor  of  Christian  Theology. 
Since  1868  he  has  been  president  of  the  Madison 
University,  and  Professor  of  Metaphysics,  and  since 
1871  president  of  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary. 

Dr.  Dodge  spent  fifteen  months  in  theological 
studies  in  Europe,  in  1858-59  ;  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History  at  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  also  to  the  same  chair  at 
Newton  Theological  Seminary,  ami  in  1868  he  Wiis 
invited  to  the  professorship  of  Christian  Theology 
at  Newton. 

He  has  published  several  reviews  of  a  very  high 


DODGE 


340 


DODSON 


order,  among  wliitrh  iiiiiy  'le  notoil  one  on  the  Gtjr- 
uiiin  scliool  of  tlioolngy-  His  work  on  the  ''  Evi- 
dences of  Christianity  '  has  great  and  permanent 
value,  in  its  metliod  and  its  governing  idea,  that 


EBENEZER    DODGE,  D.D.,   LI..I>. 

Christianity  is  its  own  best  witness.  Ilis  "  Theo- 
logical Lectures,"  published  for  the  benefit  of  liis 
stu(l(nits,  are  the  result  of  the  ripest  seliolai'ship, 
and  reveal  not  only  advanced  tlieoiogical  stuily,  but 
disclose  a  heart  in  deep  sympathy  with  the  spirit 
of  the  Word  of  God.  These  lectures  are  highly 
prized  by  those  who  have  been  his  students.  They 
are  receiving  constant  i-evision  and  additions, — at 
pi-esent  in  the  direction  of  the  constitution  of  the 
Christian  cliurch  and  Christian  etliics.  It  is  hoped 
that  till!  volume  will  be  ultimatoly  in  the  liands  of 
the  general  jiublic. 

Dodge,  Hon,  George  H,,  was  born  in  Hampton 
Falls,  N.  11.,  Aug.  4,  ISU4.  Both  his  parents  were 
devout  members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Dodge, 
as  he  grew  up  to  manhood,  merited  and  received 
not  a  few  honors  from  his  I'ellow-citizcns.  When 
but  a  little  more  than  thirty  3'ears  of  age  lie  was 
chosen  for  two  years  to  represent  his  native  town  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  later  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  senate.  In  1850  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  convention  for  revising  the 
constitution  of  the  State.  In  the  deliberations  of 
tliis  body  ho  took  an  active  part.  For  four  years 
he  was  president  of  the  Manchester  and  Lawrence 
Railroad.  Ilis  life  was  one  of  great  business  activity. 
When  about  thirty  years  of  age,  he  was  baptized  by 
his  brother,  Hev.  0.  A.  Dodge,  and  from  the  time  of 


his  public  profession  to  his  death  he  was  a  faithful 
member  of  the  church,  laboring  in  many  ways  to 
promote  its  prosperity.  lie  died  at  Ilampton  Falls, 
Feb.  14,  isn2. 

Dodge,  Rev.  Oliver,  was  born  at  Hampton 
Falls,  N.  H.,  May  LS,  1813.  He  entered  Water- 
ville  College  in  1829,  graduating  in  18.33.  While 
a  member  of  college  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Chaplin. 
He  studied  theology  at  Newton,  and  then  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  church  in  Lexington,  Mass., 
Jan.  7,  1835,  when  he  was  not  quite  twenty-two 
years  of  age.  His  pastoral  life  was  a  compara- 
tively short  one, — a  little  more  than  five  years.  lie 
(lied  May  22,  1840.  He  had  gained  a  strong  hold 
cui  the  affections  of  his  own  people,  and  was  greatly 
respected  in  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  His 
death,  in  the  very  morning  of  his  ministerial  life, 
was  ;i  sad  blow  to  his  church. 

Dodge,  Orrin,  D.D. — -This  veteran  district  sec- 
retary of  the  American  Bajitist  Missionary  Union 
for  the  State  of  New  York  was  born  in  Litchfield 
Co.,  Conn.,  in  1803.  He  was  religiously  educated 
in  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  received  its  baptismal 
rites  at  the  hands  of  Bishop  Griswold,  of  Connec- 
ticut. He  removed  to  Central  New  York  in  1815. 
The  days  of  his  boyhood  alternated  between  the  farm 
and  the  school-room,  in  the  latter  of  which  he  be- 
came a  teacher  at  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  fol- 
lowed that  calling  for  nine  years.  Subsequently 
he  spent  three  years  in  a  public  position  at  West 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  after  which  he  went  into  mercantile 
business  for  a  few  years. 

He  was  converted  in  1831,  and  the  same  year  he 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  Ashley  Vaughn,  and  in 
1833  he  was  licensed  by  the  church  in  West  Troy 
to  preach  the  gospel.  In  May,  1834,  he  was  or- 
dained at  Sand  Lake  Baptist  church,  cast  of  Troy, 
where  he  served  as  pastor  for  three  years.  His 
next  pastorates  were  at  Maysville  nine  years,  AVest 
Troy  two  years,  and  Ballston  two  years.  In  the 
year  1848  he  was  appointed  collecting  secretary  for 
missions  for  the  New  York  State  Convention.  He 
developed  rare  qualities  for  such  a  service,  and  at 
the  expiration  of  ten  months  he  was  chosen  by  the 
board  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  as 
their  agent  for  collecting  funds  for  foreign  missions. 
This  service  lie  has  perfiiriiipcl  to  tliis  date  (1879) 
with  uncommon  zeal,  ability,  and  success;  his 
fervid  eloquence,  and  his  absorbing  sympathy  with 
the  missionaries,  securing  for  him  a  hearty  welcome 
among  the  cliurchrs. 

Dodson,  Rev,  Elias, — No  man  is  lietter  known 
in  Nortli  Carolina  than  Elias  Dodson.  He  was 
born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  27,  1807  ;  was  con- 
verteii  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  John  Kerr,  and 
baptized  by  Wm.  Blair,  Jlay  3,  1832 ;  attended 
Richmond  Institute,  but  graduated  at  William  and 
Mary  College,  July  4,  1838,  and  was  ordained  in 


DODSON 


341 


DONATISTS 


the  Third  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  September, 
IfSijS.  -Mast  of  his  liCe  has  been  spent  in  North 
Carolina,  in  the  work  of  an  agent  for  some  good 
cause,  or  as  a  missionary.  Mr.  Dodson  has  many 
peculiarities,  but  perhaps  the  greatest  of  these  is 
Ills  special  consecration  to  the  cause  of  his  Master, 
lie  writes  often  and  l)riefly  for  the  press,  and  is 
reinarka))le  for  his  memory.  Not  many  better  men 
live  than  Elias  I'odson. 

Dodson,  Rev.  Obadiah,  an  early  preacher  in 
Louisiana,  and  author  of  a  useful  book,  entitled 
"  Fifteen  Reasons  for  the  Proper  Training  of  Chil- 
dren," was  a  native  of  Tennessee.  He  was  em- 
ployed for  several  years  as  a  missionary  by  the 
Louisiana  liaptist  Convention.     Died  in  1854. 

Donatists,  The. — In  North  Africa,  during  the 
fierce  persecution  of  Dioclesian,  many  Christians 
courted  a  violent  death.  These  persons,  without 
the  accusation,  would  confess  to  the  possession  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  on  their  refusal  to  sur- 
render them,  they  were  immediately  imprisoned 
and  frequently  executed.  AVhile  they  were  in  con- 
finement they  were  visited  by  throngs  of  disciples, 
who  bestowed  upon  them  valuable  gifts  and  showed 
them  the  highest  honor. 

Mensurius,  bishop  of  Carthage,  disapproved  of 
all  voluntary  martyrdom,  and  took  steps  to  hinder 
such  bloodshed.  And  if  he  had  gone  no  farther  in 
this  direction  he  would  have  deserved  the  commen- 
dation of  all  good  men.  But  \>y  zealous  Christians 
in  North  Africa  he  was  regarded  as  unfriendly  to 
compulsory  martyrdom,  and  to  the  manifestations 
of  tender  regard  shown  to  the  victims  of  tyranny. 
And  by  some  he  was  supposed  to  be  capable  of  a 
gross  deception  to  preserve  his  own  life,  or  to  secure 
the  safety  of  bis  friends.  When  a  church  at  Car- 
thage was  about  to  be  searched  for  copies  of  the 
Bible,  he  had  them  concealed  in  a  safe  place,  and 
the  writings  of  heretics  substituted  for  them.  This 
removal  was  an  act  of  Christian  faithfulness,  but 
the  works  which  he  put  in  tin;  church  in  their 
stead  were  apparently  intended  to  deceive  the 
heathen  officers.  Mensurius  seems  to  us  to  have 
been  too  i^rudent  a  man  for  a  Christian  bishop  in 
tlie  harsh  times  in  which  he  lived.  In  his  own  day 
bis  conduct  created  a  most  unfavorable  opinion  of 
bis  religious  courage  and  faithfulness  among  mul- 
titudes of  the  Saviour's  servants  in  his  country. 
Secundus,  primate  of  Numidia,  wrote  to  Mensu- 
rius, giving  utterance  to  censures  about  his  conduct, 
and  glorifying  the  men  who  perished  rather  than 
surrender  their  Bibles.  Cascilian  was  the  arch- 
deacon of  the  bishop  of  Carthage,  and  was  known 
to  enjoy  his  confidence  and  share  his  o]iinions. 

Mensurius,  returning  from  a  visit  to  Rome,  be- 
came ill,  and  died  in  the  year  311.  Caecilian  was 
appointed  his  successor,  and  immediately  the  whole 
opposition  of  the   enemies   of  his   predecessor  was 


directed  to  him.  In  his  own  city  a  rich  widow  of 
great  influence,  and  her  numerous  friends,  assailed 
him;  a  synod  of  seventy  Numidian  bishops  ex- 
communicated him  for  receiving  ordination  from  a 
iraditor  (one  who  had  delivered  up  the  Bible  to  be 
burned  to  save  his  life)  ;  and  another  bishop  was 
elected  to  take  charge  of  the  church  of  Carthage. 
The  Donatist  community  was  then  launched  upon 
the  sea  of  its  stormy  life. 

Bishop  Donatus,  after  whom  the  new  denomina- 
tion was  named,  was  a  man  of  great  eloquence,  as 
unbending  as  Martin  Luther,  as  fiery  as  the  great 
Scotch  Reformer,  whose  priiuriples  were  dearer  to 
him  than  life,  and  who  was  governed  by  unwearied 
energy.  Under  his  guidance  the  I'miatists  spread 
all  over  the  Roman  dominions  on  the  African  coast, 
and  for  a  time  tlu-eatened  the  supremacy  of  the 
older  Christian  community.  But  persecution  laid 
its  heavy  hand  upon  their  personal  liberty,  their 
church  property,  and  their  lives.  Again  and  again 
this  old  and  crushing  argument  was  applied  to  the 
Dcjnatists,  and  still  they  survived  for  centuries. 
Their  hardships  secured  the  sympathy  of  numerous 
bands  of  armed  nnirauders  called  Circumcelliones, 
men  who  suffered  severely  from  the  authorities 
sustained  by  the  persecuting  church,  "  free  lance" 
warriors  who  eared  nothing  for  religion,  but  had  a 
wholesome  hatreil  of  tyrants.  These  men  fought 
desperately  for  the  oppressed  Donatists.  .Julian 
the  Apostate  took  their  side  when  he  ascended  the 
throne  of  the  Cfesars,  and  showed  much  interest  in 
their  welfare,  as  unbelievers  in  nuKlcrn  times  have 
frequently  shown  .sympathy  with  persecuted  com- 
munities in  Christian  lands. 

There  were  a  few  Donatist  churches  outside  of 
Africa,  but  the  denomination  was  almost  confined 
to  that  continent.  They  suffered  less  from  the 
Vandals  than  their  former  oppressors,  but  the  power 
of  these  conquerors  was  very  injurious  to  them; 
and  the  victorious  Saracens  destroyed  the  remaining 
churches  of  this  grand  old  community. 

The  Donatists  were  determined  to  have  only 
godly  members  in  their  churches.  In  this  particu- 
lar they  were  immeasurably  superior  to  the  Church 
Universal  (Catholic),  even  as  represented  by  the 
great  Augustine  of  Hippo.  Their  teaching-son  this 
question  are  in  perfect  haririony  with  our  own. 
They  regarded  the  Cluirch  Universal  as  having  for- 
feited her  Christian  character  by  her  inconsisten- 
cies and  iniquities,  and  tiiey  refused  to  recognize 
her  ordinances  and  her  ministry.  Hence  they  gave 
lilie  triple  immersion  a  second  time  to  those  who 
had  received  it  in  the  great  corrupt  church.  Their 
government  was  not  episcopal  in  the  modern  sense. 
Mosheim  is  right  in  representing  them  as  having  at 
one  time  400  bishops.  The  Roman  population  on  the 
North  .Vfrican  coast  would  ifot  have  required  twenty 
diocesan  bishops  to  care  for  their  spiritual  wants. 


DONATISrS 


342 


DOOLin'LE 


Every  town,  in  all  probahility,  hail  its  bisliop,  and 
if  there  were  two  or  more  eoiij^rejrations,  these 
formed  but  one  church,  whose  services  were  in 
charge  of  one  minister  and  li's  assistants.  These 
church  leaders  were  largely  under  the  control  of 
the  people  to  whom  they  ministered.  The  Donatists 
licld  boldly  the  doctrine  that  the  church  and  the 
state  were  entirely  distinct  bodies.  Early  in  their 
denominational  life.  Constantine  the  (Jreat,  for  the 
first  time  in  earthly  history,  had  united  the  church 
to  the  Roman  government,  and  speedily  the  Dona- 
tists arose  to  denounce  the  union  as  unhallowed, 
and  as  forbidden  by  the  highest  authority  in  the 
Christian  Church.  No  Baptist  in  modern  times 
brands  the  accursed  union  between  church  and 
state  with  more  appropriate  eondemiiations  than 
dill  his  ancient  Donatist  brother.  Their  faith  on 
this  ([uestion  is  well  expressed  in  their  familiar 
saying,  "  What  has  the  emperor  to  do  with  the 
church'?''     Soul  lilierty  lived  in  their  day. 

It  is  extremely  proljable  that  they  did  not  prac- 
tise the  baptism  of  unconscious  babes, — at  least  in 
the  early  part  of  their  history.  It  is  often  urged 
that  Augustine,  their  bitter  enemy,  would  not  fail 
to  l)ring  this  charge  against  them  if  they  had  re- 
jected his  favorite  rite.  His  works  now.extant  do 
not  direcili/  bring  such  an  accusation  against  them, 
and  it  is  concluded  that  they  followed  his  own 
u.sage.  This  argument  would  have  great  weight  if 
it  were  proved  that  all  the  Catholics  of  Africa  bap- 
tized unconscious  babes.  But  there  is  no  evidence 
of  such  univei'sal  observance.  Outside  of  Africa, 
in  the  fourth  century,  the  baptism  of  an  uncon- 
scious babe  was  a  rare  Occurrence.  Though  born 
in  it  of  pious  parents,  Augustine  himself  was  not 
baptized  till  he  was  thirty-three  years  of  age.  His 
works  are  bristling  with  weapons  to  defend  infant 
baptism  ;  they  are  the  arsenal  from  which  its  modern 
defenders  have  procured  their  most  effective  arms, 
and  if  tlie  custom  had  been  universally  accepted, 
he  would  have  seen  no  cause  to  keep  up  such  a 
warfare  in  its  defense.  The  frequency  with  which 
Augustine  treats  of  infant  baptism  is  striking  evi- 
dence that  its  observance  in  his  day  and  country 
was  often  called  in  question,  and  that  had  he  di- 
rectly ))ointed  out  this  defect  in  the  observances  of 
tlie  Donatists  he  would  have  been  quickly  reminded 
that  he  had  better  remove  the  opposition  to  infant 
baptism  from  his  own  people  before  he  assailed  it 
among  the  Donatists.  This  fact  would  account  for 
the  supposed  silence  of  Augustine  on  this  question. 
The  second  canon  of  the  Council  of  Carthage, 
where  the  principles  of  Augustine  were  supreme, 
"  Declares  an  anathema  against  such  as  deny  that 
children  ought  to  be  baptized  as  soon  as  they  are 
born."  (Du  Pin,  i.  035.  Dublin.)  If  this  curse 
is  against  the  Donatists,  it  shows  that  they  did  not 
practise  the  infant  rite  ;  if  it  is  against  other  Afri- 


cans, it  gives  a  good  reason  why  Augustine  should 
be  cautious  in  bringing  charges  against  the  Dona- 
tists on  this  account.  Augustine  wrote  a  work 
"On  Baptism,  Against  the  Donatists,''  in  which, 
speaking  of  infant  baptism,  he  says,  "  And  if  any 
one  seek  divine  authority  in  this  matter,  although, 
what  the  whole  church  holds,  not  as  instituted  by 
councils,  but  as  a  thing  always  observed,  is  rightly 
hold  to  have  been  handed  down  by  apostolical  au- 
thority." (Et  si  quisquam  in  hac  re  auctoritatcm 
divinam  qua;rct. — Patrol.  Lat.,  vol.  xlii.  p.  174, 
Migne.  Parisiis.)  This  book  is  expressly  written 
against  the  views  of  baptism  held  by  the  Donatists; 
it  was  designed  to  curri^ct  their  errors  on  that  sub- 
ject. And  he  clearly  admits  that  some  of  them 
doubted  the  divine  authority  of  infant  baptism,  and 
he  proceeds  to  establish  it  by  an  argument  from 
circumcision.  Augustine  was  a  powerful  contro- 
versialist; to  have  charged  the  Donatists  directly 
with  heresy  for  rejecting  infant  baptism  would 
have  been  an  accusation  against  many  in  his  own 
church,  and  he  prudently  assails  his  enemies  on 
this  point,  as  if  only  some  of  them  regarded  infant 
baptism  as  a  mere  human  invention ;  and  he  boast- 
fully and  ignorantly,  or  falsely,  speaks  of  it  as  al- 
ways observed  by  the  whole  church,  while  one  of 
his  own  African  councils  pronounces  a  curse  upon 
those  who  ''denied  that  children  ought  to  be  bap- 
tized as  soon  as  tliey  are  born." 

Doolittle,  Hon.  James  R.,  LL.D. — Judge  Doo- 
little  was  born  in  Salem,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  2,  1815,  and  was  educated  at  Geneva  College, 
in  Western  New  York,  graduating  in  the  year 
1834.  Entering  the  legal  profession,  he  practised 
law  for  several  years  at  Rochester  and  Warsaw, 
serving  at  one  period  for  some  years  as  district 
.attorney  for  AVyoming  County,  and  also,  at  one 
time,  under  the  old  militia  regime,  as  colonel  of  a 
regiment.  Removing  to  Racine,  AV'is.,  in  1851,  he 
was,  two  years  after,  elected  to  the  bench,  as  judge 
of  the  first  circuit.  This  he  resigned  in  1856,  re- 
suming the  practice  of  law,  and  in  .January,  1857, 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and  re- 
elected in  1863.  At  the  end  of  his  second  term,  in 
1869,  he  retired  from  public  life,  and  has  since  de- 
voted himself  to  the  practice  of  bis  profession  at 
Chicago,  his  residence  remaining  at  Racine.  -Judge 
Doolittle  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church 
early  in  life,  and  has,  amidst  all  the  vicissitudes 
of  an  active  and  varied  public  career,  borne  himself 
as  a  consistent  Christian  and  a  Baptist  loyal  to  his 
convictions.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  univer- 
sity at  Chicago  from  the  foundation  of  the  institu- 
tion :  one  yearlie  served  as  its  president,  and  during 
a  succession  of  years  as  a  professor  in  its  law 
school.  In  respect  to  public  affairs  he  is  a  man  of 
large  views,  and  his  career,  in  that  regard,  has 
been  characterized  to  an  unusual  degree  by  abso- 


BOOM 


343 


BOWLING 


lute  personal  integrity.  In  his  own  denomina- 
tion lie  is  held  in  hi,s;h  honor  and  esteem,  as  one 
true  to  its  principles,  and  ad<liiij;  lustre  to  its 
annals. 

Doom,  Dr.  Adam  J.,  was  bom  in  Ilopkinsville, 
Ky.,  May  i.J,  1.S13.  At  the  af;e  of  sixteen  he  began 
the  study  of  medicine  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  be- 
came an  eminent  physician,  ami  author  of  a  medi- 
cal treatise,  which,  when  ready  for  the  press,  was 
accidentally  destroyed  by  fire.  In  1832  ho  was  im- 
mersed. In  1.S34  he  moved  to  Iowa,  near  Burling- 
t(in  ;  helped  to  organize  a  church  ;  was  active  in  re- 
ligion, and,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  preachers,  was 
gradually  led  into  the  ministry  ;  ordained  in  1843, 
and  immersed  20  converts  on  the  <lay  of  his  ordina- 
tion, lie  helped  to  organize  many  churches  and  the 
first  Association  in  Western  Missouri,  Kastern  Iowa, 
and  Xebraska,  and  after  his  removal  to  California,  in 
1S.><»,  was  a  leading  citizen  at  Loyalton  ;  its  post- 
master for  eleven  years ;  organized  thechurch  there ; 
built  its  meeting-house,  at  a  cost  to  himself  of 
nearly  5*2000;  finally  located  at  Biggs'  Station; 
gave  much  time  to  missionary  work  for  new  and 
poor  churches,  until  1877,  when,  aged  and  almost 
blind,  he  ceased  active  labor,  waiting  in  the  home 
of  his  children,  and  in  the  love  of  the  churches,  the 
Master's  bidding  to  "  come  up  higher."  Dr.  Doom 
is  still  one  of  the  wise  counselors  and  liberal  sup- 
porters of  Baptist  interests  in  the  Sacramento  River 
Association,  California. 

Douglas,  Hon.  Stephen  A. — Although  Mr. 
Douglas  was  not  himself  a  Baptist,  yet  his  service 
to  the  denomination  in  the  gift  of  a  site  for  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and  his  regard  for  it,  for 
the  sake  of  his  first  wife,  who  was  a  Christian  lady 
and  an  earnest  Baptist,  make  it  suitable  that  he 
should  have  a  brief  record  here.  A  native  of  Ver- 
mont, born  at  Brandon  in  that  State  in  1813,  he 
received  simply  an  academical  education  at  Bran- 
don and  at  Canamlaigua,  N.  Y.  Entering  the  legal 
profession,  he  removed  to  Illinois  in  1834,  estab- 
lishing himself  first  at  Jacksonville  and  afterwards 
at  Chicago.  His  rise  in  his  profession  and  in  pub- 
lic life  was  remarkably  rapid,  in  1841  being  chosen 
a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  in  1843 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  in  1847  a  United 
States  Senator,  which  place  he  held  until  his  death 
in  1801.  The  inciilents  of  his  career  belong  to  the 
political  history  of  this  country,  and  cannot  be  de- 
tailed here.  His  gift  to  the  denomination  of  ten 
acres  of  land  for  the  site  of  a  university  is  more 
particularly  mentioned  elsewhere.  The  terms  of 
the  donation  were  .such  as  to  enhance  its  value, 
securing  the  property  to  the  denomination  for  the 
purpose  named,  and  at  the  same  time  jilacing  the 
institution  in  a  position  to  command  the  support 
of  intelligent  friends  of  education  of  all  religious 
views.     The  first  wife  of  Senator  Douglas  was  Miss 


Martin,  of  North  Carolina,  a  most  estimable  lady, 
and  mother  of  the  two  sons  who  survive  as  the  only 
childri'M  of  .Judge  Douglas. 

Douglas,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Scotland, 
Dec.  25,  1812.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  the  class  of  1839.  lie  spent  one  year  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution, — 1839^0.  lie 
was  ordained  in  Providence,  Jan.  8,  1850.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  a  city  missionary  in  Provi- 
dence, and  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Rhode  Island 
State  Prison  for  thirty-eight  years.  Since  1864, 
Mr.  Douglas  has  been  the  registrar  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity. 

Dowd,  Rev.  Patrick  W.,  was  born  in  1799; 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Friendship 
church  by  the  elder  Dr.  W.  T.  Brantly  ;  grad- 
uated at  Columbian  College,  D.  C,  during  Dr. 
Stoughton's  administration,  and  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Raleigh  Baptist  church,  N.  C,  by 
Revs.  Robert  T.  Daniel  and  Thomas  Crocker.  He 
was  at  one  time  pastor  of  the  church  in  Tarborough, 
but  the  most  of  his  pastoral  labor  was  performed  in 
the  limits  of  the  Raleigh  Association,  of  whicdi 
body  he  was  for  many  years  the  moderator.  He 
baptized  Dr.  William  Hooper  into  the  fellowship 
of  Mount  Carmel  church  in  1831.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
the  first  president  of  that  body.  He  died  Aug.  2.8, 
1800,  and  lies  buried  in  the  yard  of  Mount  Pisgah 
church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  for  twenty-seven 
years. 

Dowd,  Gen.  Willis  D.,  for  many  years  moder- 
ator of  the  Sandy  Creek  Association,  N.  C,  was 
born  Oct.  25.  ISO').  Two  of  his  brothers,  Wil- 
liam and  Patrick  W.,  were  Baptist  ministers,  and 
he  was  an  active  and  zealous  Christian.  For 
fifteen  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  court  of  his 
county ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his 
State  in  1830,  and  was  in  the  State  senate  in  I860. 
In  1875  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  Con- 
vention.    He  died  April  10,  1S79. 

Dowling,  Rev.  George  Thomas,  was  born  in 

New  York  City,  June  2,  1849;  son  of  Rev.  John 
Dowling,  D.D.  ;  converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen, 
and  baptized  by  his  father  :  left  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  York  to  enter  business  life,  but  after 
two  years  consecrated  himself  to  the  ministry,  and 
pursued  courses  of  stu<ly  at  Madison  University 
and  Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  After  a  short 
pastorate  at  Fellowship,  N.  J.,  in  November,  1871, 
took  charge  of  the  Third  church.  Providence,  R.  I. 
In  September,  1873.  liecame  pastor  of  Central 
church,  Syracuse,  N,  Y.,  where  he  remained  fiv» 
years.  His  pastorate  was  very  successful,  though 
darkened  by  a  terrible. accident,  by  which  a  numbcf 
of  people  were  killeil  through  the  falling  of  the 
church  floor.  In  1877  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Euclid  .Vvenue  church,  Cleveland,  O..  where  he  now 


BOWLING 


344 


DRAKE 


remains.  Has  published  sermons,  and  devotes  con- 
8iilc'i-al)le  time  to  lectures.  His  present  pastorate 
lias  lic'on  attended  witli  groat  prosperity. 

Dowling^,  John,  D.D.,  was  burn  at  Pavensey, 
on  the  coast  of  Sussex,  Kngland,  May  12,  1S07. 
From  the  house  in  which  Dr.  Dowling  was  born 
May  be  seen  the  ivy-clad  towers  of  Pavensey  Castle, 
■which  was  said  to  be  an  ancient  ruin  of  Roman 
origin.  Dr.  Dowling's  ancestors  for  generations 
were  adherents  of  the  Established  Church  of  Eng- 
land. In  early  life  he  removed  to  London,  and  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  became  a  member  of  the  Eagle 
Street  Baptist  church,  whose  pastor  was  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Ivimey,  the  historian  of  the  English  Bap- 
tists. In  early  youth  he  exhibited  great  fondness 
for  books  and  literary  pursuits.  At  nineteen  he 
was  tutor  in  the  Latin  language  and  literature  in  a 
classical  institute  in  Fjomlon,  and  at  twenty-one  he 
became  instructor  in  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  and 
French  in  Buckinghamshire  Classical  Institute.  In 
1829  he  established  a  classical  boarding-scliool  in 
Oxfordshire,  a  few  miles  from  the  city  of  Oxfor<l, 
where  he  tauglit  until  1S.32,  when  he  embarked 
with  his  family  (or  the  United  States.  Soon  after 
liis  arrival  he  settled  with  the  Baptist  ehureh  in 
Catskill,  where  he  was  ordained  Nov.  14,  1832.  In 
1S,34  he  removed  to  Newport,  R.  I  ,  and  in  August, 
1830,  accepted  a  call  to  a  church  in  New  York  wor- 
shiping in  Gothic  Masonic  Hall.  He  also  preached 
for  two  or  tlnee  years  as  pastor  of  the  Broadway 
church  in  Hope  chapel,  after  which  he  went  to 
Providence  as  pastor.  In  1844  he  first  became  pas- 
tor of  the  Berean  chui-ch,  in  Bedford  Street,  New 
York,  serving  there  eight  years.  In  1852  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  Philadelphia,  but  returned  in  18.56 
to  the  Berean  church  at  their  urgent  and  unanimous 
request.  Here  he  continued  to  labor  efficiently  for 
twelve  years.  Afterwards  he  served  the  South 
church,  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  the  South  church  of 
New  York  City.  Dr.  Dowling  has  been  a  prolific 
writer.  In  England  he  published  throe  school- 
books  which  were  in  general  use  for  many  years. 
In  this  country  he  has  pulilished  "  The  History  of 
Romanism,"  of  which  some  30,000  copies  have  been 
published  and  sold:  "Power  of  Illustration," 
"  Nights  and  Mornings,"  "  Indoor  Offering,"  and 
numerous  pamphlets  and. tracts.  One  of  the  latest, 
if  not  the  last  of  his  tracts,  and  a  most  valuable 
treatise  for  ministers  of  the  gospel,  is  an  essay  read 
before  the  New  York  Baptist  Pastors'  Conference 
in  the  fall  of  1877,  on  "  Humility  as  an  Element 
of  Ministerial  Character."  In  1846  he  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Transylvania  I^niversitv. 
For  several  years  before  his  death  Dr.  Dowling, 
because  of  the  infirmities  of  age,  had  no  pastoral 
charge,  but  he  preached  in  many  pulpits  of  the  city 
of  New  York  of  all  evangelical  denominations.  No 
man  was  more  cordially  beloved  than  Dr.  Dowling. 


To  a  humble,  generous,  sympathetic  spirit  there 
was  added  a  character  of  sterling  and  incorruptible 
integrity.  His  death  occurred  at  Middletown, 
N.  Y.,  July  4,  1878. 

Downer,  Prof.  John  Rathbone,  was  born  of 
an  honored  and  long-lived  ancestry  in  Zanesville, 
0.,  Dec.  6,  1821 ;  converted  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.  George  I.  Miles,  and  baptized  in  1840;  grad- 
uated at  Madison  University  in  1845,  and  in  the 
last  class  of  the  theological  seminary  at  Covington, 
Ky.,  in  1848.  From  1848  to  1850  was  pastor  at 
Xenia,  0.,  when  he  settled  with  the  Sandusky  Street 
church,  Alleghany  City,  Pa.,  where  he  remained 
three  years.  In  1853  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
Rhetoric  and  English  Literature  in  Granville  Col- 
lege, 0.,  a  position  which  he  held  with  unswerving 
devotion  and  eniioent  success  until  186(3,  when  he 
resigned.  His  health  having  become  broken,  he 
removed  to  Kansas  and  Missouri,  where  he  spent 
eight  years,  partly  in  business  and  partly  in  mis- 
sionary work.  As  a  result  of  his  efforts  in  this 
field,  four  churches  were  organized  and  three  meet- 
ing-houses liuilt.  In  1875,  with  health  still  broken, 
he  came  East,  and  took  charge  of  the  Ridley  Park 
church,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Here  he  rapidly 
and  thoroughly  regained  his  health,  and  was  suc- 
cessful in  every  way.  In  1879  he  resigned  this 
position,  and  hiis  since  been  residing  in  Philadel- 
phia and  doing  general  work. 

Prof.  Downer  has  spent  the  most  of  his  mature 
life  in  the  work  of  education,  but  has  proved  that 
he  can  be  a  successful  p.astor  or  executive  officer  as 
well  as  teacher.  lie  has  written  considerably  for 
the  denominational  papers,  is  in  the  prime  of  life, 
and  is  universally  regarded  as  an  energetic,  con- 
secrated, and  capalile  man. 

Downey,  Rev,  Francis. — This  veteran  preacher 
is  now  the  oldest  B.aptist  minister  in  Western  Penn- 
sylvania. He  has  entered  his  ninety-second  year, 
and  closes  life  surrounded  by  many  comforts  on  his 
farm  near  Garrard's  Fort,  in  Greene  County.  Mr. 
Downey  was  an  actor  in  the  scenes  that  transpired 
when  Alexander  Campbell  left  the  Baptists  and 
founded  the  denomination  called  "Disciples."  He 
was  also  among  the  number  who  united  to  form  the 
Monongahela  Association.  For  many  years,  in  the 
manhood  of  his  strength,  he  traversed  the  country 
when  rough  roads  ,and  other  difficulties  would  have 
cooled  the  zeal  of  many  modern  ministers.  A 
crown  awaits  him  when  his  work  on  earth  is  done. 

Dozier,  Rev.  John,  of  Uniontown,  Ala. ;  h.ad 
some  early  advantages :  a  good  reasoner;  an  elo- 
quent preacher :  holds  a  commanding  influence 
among  the  colored  Baptists  who  know  him  ;  he  is 
well  read  ami  thorotighly  posteil  in  the  S(Tiptnres. 

Drake,  Rev.  Jacob,  was  liorn  in  Connecticut, 
and  removed  from  Windsor  to  Canaan,  N.  Y.,  in 
1769.    He  was  then  a  Congregational  minister.    In 


DRAKE 


345 


DUDLEY 


1770  he  formed  a  cliuroh  of  that  denomination  in 
his  new  lionio  and  Ijcuaine  its  pastor.  Some  years 
later  he  adipted  Baptist  principles,  and  organized 
a  ehureli  after  tlie  Apostolic  model.  Mr.  Drake 
was  a  ministerof  unwearied  labors,  and  in  ten  years 
liis  church  numbered  more  than  500  members. 
These  were  sometimes  widely  separated.  At  one 
peiiod  liis  church  had  eleven  teachers  and  ruling 
elders,  besides  the  pastor.  The  elders  could  ad- 
minister baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper.  Tlie 
chnrch  at  Canaan  established  olhers  in  Great  Bar- 
riufiton  and  Ejrremont,  Warren's  Bush,  Coeyman's 
Patent,  Duane's  Bush,  Rensselaerville,  West  Stock- 
bridjie,  and  New  Concord.  Eight  churclies  were 
the  fruit  of  twelve  years  of  the  successful  laliorof 
Jacob  Drake.  In  17'J2  he  removed  to  the  Wyoming 
region  of  Pennsylvania,  where  God  continued  to 
grant  rich  blessings  upon  his  ministry. 

Drake,  Rev.  Simeon  J.,  was  bom  in  New  York 
City,  March  2,  1SU4.  After  studying  at  Columbia 
College  he  entered  liis  father's  store.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  there  was  a  marked  change  in  his  life. 
Si.\  years  later,  while  in  business  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, he  was  greatly  moved  under  the  preaching 
of  Rev.  G.  S.Webb.  In  IS32he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Wni.  Parkinson,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 
church,  New  Yiu'k.  In  1834  he  was  licensed,  but 
continued  in  business.  When  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  at  Rahway,  N.  J.,  the  next 
year,  it  was  a  sacrifice  to  leave  the  bank  of  which 
he  was  an  iuiportant  officer  for  the  meagre  salary 
which  a  little  church  could  give,  but  he  did  not 
hesitate.  lie  was  ordained  in  1836.  After  serving 
the  church  for  tliree  years,  during  which  the  flock 
doubled  its  numbers,  he  was  constrained  by  the  call 
of  the  cluirch  and  the  providence  of  God  to  go  to 
Plainfield,  where  his  labors  for  nearly  a  quarter  of 
a  century  were  ble.ssed  to  the  conversion  and  edifi- 
cation of  hundreds.  His  godly  life,  faithful  preach- 
ing, and  loving  counsels  will  not  soon  be  forgotten. 
Sunday  morning,  April  13,  18G2,  he  died  "in  the 
midst  of  his  brethren,"  after  a  short  illness,  be- 
loved, and  faithful  to  the  last.  lie  was  prominent 
in  State  work,  being  secretary  of  the  Convention 
for  five  years.  His  previous  business  training  was 
very  useful  to  him.  The  Baptists  of  New  Jersey 
are  greatly  in(lel>ted  to  Mr.  Drake  for  the  efficiency 
of  their  benevolent  enterprises  ami  for  the  saintly 
example  which  he  constantly  set  them. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Ambrose,  a  distinguished  Baptist 
preacher  anujug  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  in  1750.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Revolutionary  war  he  entered 
the  army  as  captain.  While  stationed  at  Williams- 
burg he  was  converted,  and  on  returning  home  was 
ordained  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Spott- 
sylvania. After  preaching  some  years  with  much 
acceptance,  he  moved  to  Fayette  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1780, 
23 


and  was  immediately  called  to  the  pastoral  care  of 
Bryant's  church.  David's  Fork  church  soon  arose 
out  of  Bryant's,  and  called  .Mr.  Dudley  to  its  pas- 
torate. His  ministry  at  lioth  of  these  churches  wa.s 
attended  with  extraordinary  success.  During  the 
great  revival  of  1800-3,  Bryant's  church  received 
421  members.  Mr.  Dudley  frequently  acted  as 
moderator  of  Elkhorn  Association,  and  also  of 
Licking  Associatinn.  After  a  long  life  of  great 
usefulness  he  died  in  1825,  leaving  behind  him 
eleven  sons,  three  daughters,  and  nearly  one  hun- 
dred grandchildren.  Among  his  sons  was  Benjamin 
Winslow  Dudley,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
surgeons  in  the  United  States. 

Dudley,  Rev.  John  Hull,  was  a  native  of  An- 
dover,  Vt.,  where  he  was  born  Sept.  7,  1S03;  edu- 
cated at  Madison  University;  ordained  as  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Victory,  N.  Y.,  in  1832.  He 
came  to  Wisconsin  in  1844  to  take  the  pastorate  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Delavan.  He  was  settled  at 
Victory,  N.  Y.,  four  years ;  at  Sennett,  N.  Y.,  five 
years ;  at  Arcadia,  N.  Y.,  two  years ;  at  Delavan, 
Wis.,  five  years ;  and  at  Sugar  Creek,  Wis.,  thir- 
teen years.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Delavan,  Feb. 
7,  1868.  He  was  a  successful  minister  of  Jesus 
Christ,  and  belongs  to  the  class  of  pioneer  and 
itinerant  workers  who  laid  the  foundations  in  the 
early  history  of  the  State.  He  was  the  warm  friend 
of  education,  and  labored  faithfully  in  connection 
with  its  early  movements  in  Wisconsin.  He  was 
also  the  friend  of  missions  and  of  temperance,  and 
of  human  freedom.  He  died  very  suddenly,  in  the 
midst  of  his  family,  in  the  triumphs  of  the  gospel 
he  had  so  long  proclaimed  to  others,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-five  years. 

Dudley,  Richard  M.,  D.D.,  is  a  great-grandson 
of  Rev.  Ambrose  Dudley,  a  famous  pioneer  preacher 
of  Kentucky,  and  the  head  of  one  of  the  most  illus- 
trious families  of  the  State.  He  was  born  in  Mad- 
ison Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  1,  1838.  He  entered  George- 
town College  in  1850,  with  a  view  to  [U-eparing 
himself  for  the  practice  of  law.  In  1857  he  was 
converted  to  Christ,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Georgetown.  Being  impressed  with  a 
sense  of  duty  to  preach'  the  gospel,  he  abandoned 
liis  purpose  of  becoirting  a  lawyer,  and  prosecuted 
his  studies  with  a  view  to  the  ministry.  He  grad- 
uated at  Georgetown  College  in  1860.  Having 
been  ordained  to  the  ministry,  he  accepted  the  pas- 
torate of  East  Baptist  church,  in  Louisville,  in  the 
spring  of  1801.  In  1865  his  voice  failed,  and  he 
took  editorial  charge  of  the  Western  Recorder,  a 
weekly  Baptist  paper  published  in  Louisville,  and 
soon  afterwards  purchased  the  paper.  In  1871  he 
sold  the  Recorder,  and  moved  to  Fayette  County, 
and  became  pastor  of  David's  Fork  church.  Next 
year  he  accepted  a  professorship  in  Georgetown 
College,  still  continuing  his  pastoral  relation.    -In 


DUDLEY 


340 


DUNBAR 


1877  he  resigned  Iiis  piofessorsliip,  and  gave  him- 
self entirely  to  the  work  of  a  pastor.  In  1878  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  at  Georgetown.  In 
1S7'J  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  faculty  of 
Georgetown  College,  and  in  June,  1880,  was  elected 
president  of  that  institution.  lie  is  yet  a  young 
man,  possessing  good  attainments,  fine  energy  and 
zeal,  and  a  varied  e.tperience,  and  will  be  likely  to 
infuse  new  life  into  the  college. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Thomas  Parker,  son  of  Res-. 

Ambrose  Dudley,  is  the  must  distinguisliod  preacher 
among  the  Baptists  of  Kentucky.  He  was  born  in 
Fayette  Co.,  Ky.,  May  31,  1792.  In  1812  he  en- 
tered the  army,  was  made  commissary  of  the 
Northwestern  troops,  participating  in  the  battles  of 
Frcnchtown  and  the  River  Raisin  ;  in  the  latter  was 
wounded  in  the  shoulder ;  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Indians  and  carried  to  Detroit.  In  the  fall  of  1814 
he  was  made  riuartermaster  of  a  detachment  which 
reinforced  Gen.  Jackson  at  the  battle  of  Now  Or- 
leans, and  the  same  year  was  appointed  quarter- 
mastor-gGMcral  of  Kentucky.  From  1S16  until 
1S24  he  was  cashier  of  a  braneli  of  the  old  Bank 
of  Kentucky,  located  at  Winchester,  and  for  several 
years  afterwards  was  engaged  in  settling  np  the 
business  of  these  branch  banks.  lie  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  pastorate  of  Bryant's  church  in  182.'). 
Of  this  church  he  has  now  (1880)  been  pastor  fifty- 
five  years,  and  of  three  other  churches  almost  as 
long,  and  he  has  also  been  moderator  of  Licking 
Association  forty-seven  years.  lie  resides  in  Lex- 
ington, Ky. 

Dulin,  E.  S.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  boni  in  Fair- 
fax Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  IS,  1821.  His  father  died  in 
Washington  in  1823,  and  left  his  son  when  nine 
years  of  age.  He  was  blessed  with  a  Christian 
mother  and  with  the  grace  of  God,  and  he  was  con- 
verted and  baptized  in  1839.  lie  entered  Richmond 
College  in  1841,  and  passed  tlirough  a  full  course. 
After  graduatioi\  he  was  Professor  of  Languages  in 
llollins  Institute,  Va.  He  spent  a  year  in  special 
study  at  the  University  of  Virginia  ;  was  ordained 
in  Baltimore  in  1848,  and  in  1849  became  pastor 
at  Lexington,  Mo.  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven- 
tion which  located  William  Jewell  College,  of 
which  he  was  elected  president  the  following  Oi'- 
tober.  In  1850  lie  was  i-ecalled  to  the  Lexington 
cliurch,  and  he  accepted  also  the  presidency  of  the 
Female  College  located  there.  In  1858  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Kansas  City,  and  in  1859 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  St.  Joseph,  where  he  re- 
mained six  years.  After  the  war  he  reorganized 
the  school  at  Lexington.  He  developed  the  plan 
for  a  Board  of  Ministerial  Education  for  Missouri 
in  connection  with  the  college  at  Liberty.  In  1870 
he  founded  the  Female  College  at  Columbia,  and 
gave  six  years'  hard  work  to  it.  In  1870  he  re- 
moved to  St.  Joseph,  and  founded  the  Female  Col- 


lege there.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of  D.D. 
and  LL.D.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  love  of 
his  denomination  and  of  many  outside  of  it. 

Dunaway,  Thomas  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  5,  1829.  He  was  the  son  of 
Col.  Thomas  S.  Dunaway,  a  prominent  Baptist  of 
his  time.  His  mother  was  Felicia  T.  Hall,  the  sis- 
ter of  Rev.  Addison  Hall,  who  was  the  father  of 
two  missionaries  to  China,  Mrs.  Shuck  and  Mrs. 
Tobcy.  Dr.  Dunawaj'  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Lebanon  Baptist  church  by  his  uncle, 
the  Rev.  Addison  Hall,  in  September,  1848.  His 
father  dying  in  1843,  just  as  he  was  about  to  send 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  with  his  brother,  to  col- 
lege, his  education  was  afterwards  completed  at  an 
academy  of  high  grade  in  his  own  county.  He 
continued  fur  two  years  after  1850  to  teach  school ; 
and  subsequently  filled  for  several  years  the  offi- 
ces of  justice  of  the  peace  and  county  surveyor. 
During  this  period  he  determined  to  enter  upon 
the  study  and  practice  of  law.  and  to  this  end 
studied  with  Maj.  Samuel  Gresham,  a  |)rominent 
lawyer  of  the  county.  Just  as  lie  was  ready  to 
enter  upon  the  labors  of  his  profession  his  health 
failed,  and  for  several  years  he  continued  quite 
feeble.  In  the  mean  time  he  recognized  God's  hand 
in  bis  affliction,  and  he  resolved  to  give  himself 
wholly  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry.  He 
was  licensed  by  the  Lebanon  Baptist  church  in 
October,  18G0,  and  immediately  began  to  preach 
for  the  Lebanon  and  several  other  churches,  in  con- 
nection with  their  pastors.  Hall  and  Kirk.  He  was 
ordained  Nov.  23,  1X02.  still  preaching  without  ac- 
cepting the  pastoral  care  of  any  church,  until  Oc- 
tober, 1860,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Fred- 
ericksburg church,  Va.  The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Richmond  Col- 
lege in  1877.  Dr.  Dunaway  has  been  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  public  press,  and  has  published 
"The  Memoirs  of  Rev.  A.  Hall,"  an  exceedingly 
interesting  book,  which  has  been  well  received  by 
the  public.  No  man  stands  higher  in  the  esteem 
of  his  own  community  than  Dr.  Dunaway,  and  his 
labors  in  Fredericksburg  have  been  greatly  blessed 
in  consolidating  and  strengthening  the  cause  of  the 
denninliiation. 

Dunbar,  Rev.  Duncan,  was  born  in  the  north- 
ern Highlands  of  Scotland  about  the  year  1791. 
The  days  of  his  childhood  and  early  youth  were 
spent  among  the  scenes  of  his  birth  upon  the  banks 
of  the  Spey.  The  Highland  costume  and  customs 
prevailed  in  this  region  in  Mr.  Dunbar's  boyhood, 
and  the  old  Gaelic  was  still  the  language  of  the 
hoiisehohl.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  his  serious  at- 
tention was  directed  to  the  concerns  of  his  soul. 
After  a  period  of  several  months,  during  which  he 
was  the  subject  of  deep  convictions,  he  obtained 
peace  through  the  blood  of  the  Lamb.     After  his 


DUNCAN 


347 


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conversion  he  removed  to  Aberdeen  and  enjcaged 
in  business,  and  shortly  afterwards  married  Miss 
Christina  Mitchel,  a  lady  of  a  gentle,  loving  dis- 
postion,  and  of  deep,  earnest  piety.  For  several 
years  Mr.  Dunbar  remained  in  Aberdeen,  active 
and  zealous  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  preaching 
as  a  layirian  when  opportunity  offered.  In  1S17  he 
removed  to  America,  and  settled  in  the  province  of 
New  Brunswick.  Though  not  yet  ordained,  he 
felt  constrained  to  preach  the  gospel.  His  labors 
in  this  field  were  incessant,  and  characterized  by 
the  same  zeal  and  love  for  souls  that  marked  his 
life  ministry.  After  his  cimversion  for  a  consider- 
able period  he  was  greatly  exercised  upon  the 
Scriptural  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism.  At 
length  his  mind  found  rest  in  the  adoption  of  be- 
liever's baptism,  and  he  was  immersed  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Griffis,  of  St.  John,  in  the  harbor  of  that  city, 
Oct.  31,  ISIS.  lie  was  ordained  at  that  time,  or 
immediately  after.  Mr.  Dunbar  removed  to  the 
United  States  in  December,  1S23,  and  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Nobleboi'ough,  Me.  June 
]0,  1S2S,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Vandam  Street, 
subsequently  called  the  MoDougal  Street,  church, 
New  York  City.  This  settlement  was  the  entrance 
into  a  great  field  of  usefulness,  and  his  pastorate 
with  the  JIcDougal  Street  church  was  the  most  im- 
portant ministerial  work  of  his  life.  In  1844  he 
removed  to  South  Boston.  After  a  pastorate  of 
two  years  he  returned  to  his  church  in  New  York, 
and  remained  with  them  until  1850,  when  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Second  church  of  Philadelphia. 
During  his  stay  of  two  years  with  this  church  a 
large  number  of  converts  were  added  to  it,  many 
of  whom  lived  to  become  useful  and  zealous  Chris- 
tians. In  August,  1853,  Mr.  Dunbar  ministered  to 
the  cliurch  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  After  a  service  of 
fifteen  months  lie  returned  to  his  old  home  with  the 
McDougal  Street  church,  and  remained  until  the 
close  of  his  earthly  ministry. 

As  a  man,  Duncan  Dunbar  was  remarkable  for 
great  kindness  of  heart,  and  manifested  continually 
warm  and  practical  .sympathy  for  the  distressed  of 
every  condition.  As  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  he 
was  energetic,  earnest,  and  full  of  spiritual  life. 
lie  was  pre-eminently  a  man  of  prayer,  and  his 
long  service  in  the  ministry  had  abundant  evidence 
of  the  blessing  of  God.     He  died  .July  28,  1804. 

Duncan,  Hon.  James  Henry,  was  born  in 
Ilaverliill,  Mass.,  Dec.  5,  17'.>3.  The  fortunes  of 
his  ancestors  on  both  his  father's  and  his  mother's 
side  were  fi)r  generations  identified  witli  the  his- 
tory of  his  native  place.  On  his  father's  side  he 
was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  The  representatives  of 
this  race,  who  came  from  the  famous  Londomlerry, 
in  Ireland,  were  the  worthy  compeers  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Plymouth.  "  In  force  of  character," 
remarks  the  biographer  of  Jlr.  Duncan,  "  iu  zeal 


for  religion,  in  previous  preparation,  in  singleness 
of  purpose,  the  Scotch-Irish  were  not  inferinr  to 
the  Pilgrims.''  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
sent  at  eleven  years  of  age  to  Phillips'  Academy, 


nO.V.    JAMES    IIENRV    DlXCtN. 

at  Exeter,  N.  II.,  at  the  time  the  best  classical 
school  in  New  England,  if  not  in  the  whole  country. 
Amung  his  fellow-students  were  men  wlio  have 
risen  to  great  distinction  in  the  different  profes- 
sions which  they  followed.  The  names  of  Everett, 
Sparks,  Buckminster,  Palfrey,  and  Dix  are  among 
the  most  honored  names  in  the  annals  of  our  coun- 
try. Young  Duncan  was  fitted  to  enter  Harvard 
College  when  he  was  but  fourteen  years  of  age. 
He  graduatcil  in  1812,  having  passed  through  his 
course  of  study  with  credit  to  himself  and  honor 
to  his  friends. 

Soon  after  his  graduation  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815, 
and  opened  an  office  in  Haverhill,  where  for  sev- 
eral years  he  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  The  death  of  his  father,  in  1822,  made 
it  necessary  for  him  to  look  after  the  affairs  of  his 
estate,  and  compelled  him  to  withdraw  from  the 
active  duties  of  his  chosen  calling.  He  took,  how 
ever,  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs  ami  in  the 
fortunes  of  the  political  party  with  which  he  iden 
tified  himself.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  and  then  a  member  of 
the  senate  of  the  Massachu.setts  Legislature.  At 
different  times  during  this  period  of  his  life  he  filled 
responsible  places  of  trust  and  honor  in  his  own 
State.     In   1848   he  was  chosen  by  his  district  to 


DUNCAN 


348 


DUNCAN 


represent  them  in  Conirrcss,  iind  was  re-elected  in 
1850.  lie  exercised  a  commandini;  influence  wher- 
ever lie  was  called  to  act.  The  tribute  of  affection 
and  respect  which  the  poet  Whittier  paid  to  him 
after  his  decease  makes  honorable  mention  of  him 
as  a  man  in  public  life  and  in  his  .>iOcial  relations. 
"  His  Conj:rcssional  career  was  a  highly  homirable 
one,  marked  by  his  characteristic  soundness  of 
judgment  and  conscientious  faithfulness  to  a  high 
ideal  of  duty.  In  private  life  as  in  public,  he  was 
habitually  courteous  and  gentlemanly.  For  many 
years  the  le.iding  man  in  his  section,  he  held  his 
place  without  ostentation,  and  .  .  .  'achieved 
greatness  by  not  making  himself  great.'  " 

But  it  is  time  to  turn  from  the  consideration  of 
Mr.  Duncan's  character  as  a  public  man.  He  took 
the  most  lively  interest  in  the  cause  of  education, 
and  in  the  great  religious  organizations  of  his  own 
denomination.  Brown  University  was  especially 
dear  to  him.  Mr.  Duncan  was  a  niembor  of  the 
Board  of  Fellows  of  Brown  University  from  1835 
till  his  death,  a  period  which  in  many  respects  may 
be  said  to  have  been  a  "  crisis  period"  in  the  history 
of  the  institution.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  his 
name  and  influence  were  a  "  tower  of  strength''  in 
the  councils  of  the  corporation.  It  is  thus  that 
Dr.  Sears  speaks  of  him  as  he  appeared  at  its  an- 
nual meetings  or  in  the  larger  gatherings  of  the 
representatives  of  the  Missionary  Union  :  "  Long 
will  men  remember  the  impression  made  on  these 
and  similar  occasions  by  this  Christian  gentleman 
and  scholar,  with  his  finely-cut  features  and  sym- 
metrical form,  his  graceful  and  animated  delivery, 
his  chaste,  beautiful,  and  musical  language,  his 
pertinent,  clear,  and  convincing  arguments,  his  un- 
flinching fidelity,  and  his  spotless  integrity.  So 
blended  in  him  were  these  various  attributes  of 
body  and  mind  that  we  can  think  of  them  only  in 
their  union,  and  it  would  seem  that  a  mind  of  deli- 
cate mould  had  formed  for  itself  a  bodily  organ 
suited  to  its  own  purposes.  In  him  we  see  how 
much  Christianity  can  do  for  true  culture,  and  how 
beautiful  an  ornament  culture  is  to  Christianity." 

Mr.  Duncan  was  a  sincere  and  earnest  Baptist 
from  his  own  honest,  intelligent  convictions,  but 
like  all  Baptists  he  loved  with  a  true  Christian  af- 
fection those  who  love  the  imago  of  his  Lord  and 
Master  of  all  denominations.  He  was  forty  years 
of  age  when  he  made  an  open  avowal  of  his  faith 
in  Christ,  but  from  the  time  of  his  public  profes- 
sion to  his  death  men  knew  where  James  II.  Dun- 
can was  to  be  found  when  the  question  was  asked, 
"  Is  he  or  is  he  not  on  the  Lord's  side?''  His  love 
for  his  own  church  in  Ilavprliill  amounted  almost 
to  a  passion.  He  lived  for  it  and  gave  to  it.  He 
was  sad  when  its  spiritual  life  waned.  He  rejoiced 
when  the  signs  of  the  presence  of  the  converting 
and   sanctifying  spirit  began  to  appear.     To  his 


pastors — and  we  include  in  them  Drs.  Hill,  Train, 
Strong,  and  Bosworth — he  was  the  confiding  friend 
and  the  di.screet  counselor.  "  I  can  well  remem- 
ber," says  Dr.  Strong,  '"  how  he  used  to  drink  in 
the  truth  when  I  myself  preached  in  the  spirit  of 
it,  and  how  every  such  divine  influence  seemed  to 
reproduce  itself  in  his  family  and  public  prayers. 
With  much  of  variation  in  his  moods,  with  many 
doubts  and  conflicts  in  his  inner  life,  it  always  gave 
strength  and  help  to  me  to  see  how  invariably  prin- 
ciple and  not  feeling  ruled  him  :  how  constant  and 
devout  was  his  attendance  on  the  worship  of  the 
church,  both  social  and  public;  and  how  bound  up 
he  seemeil  to  be  in  all  the  interests  of  the  Zion  of 
God.''  Happy  the  pastor  who  has  in  his  congre- 
gation even  but  one  such  man  of  whom  things  like 
these  can  truthfully  be  said! 

But  the  interest  which  Mr.  Duncan  felt  in  the 
promotion  of  the  Bedecmer's  kingdom  went  beyond 
the  church  of  which  he  was  a  memljer.  Kvery 
good  cause  had  in  him  a  friend.  In  this  respect  he 
resembled  his  fellow-laborer  in  "  the  kingdom  and 
patience  of  the  Lord  Jesus," — Gov.  Briggs.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
and  for  several  years  its  chairman.  The  cause  of 
home  missions  and  ministerial  education,  and  the 
publication  of  a  sound  religious  literature,  found 
in  him  an  earnest  advocate.  Indeed,  he  gave  him- 
self with  untiring  zeal  to  all  good  objects  by 
which  humanity  could  be  elevated  and  God  be 
glorified. 

The  writer  of  this  so  imperfect  sketch  dares  not 
trust  himself  in  any  attempt  to  lift  the  veil  which 
shades  from  the  public  eye  the  domestic  life  of  Mr. 
Duncan.  Many  times  a  recipient  of  his  hospitality, 
and  an  eye-witness  of  what  he  was  in  the  home 
circle,  he  can  truly  say  that  nowhere  has  he  ever 
seen  anything  that  came  nearer  to  his  ideal  of 
what  the  famih-  life  of  a  cultivated  Christian  gen- 
tleman should  be.  Havingsaid  thus  much  he  need 
say  no  more,  but  leave  the  inu>gination  of  the  reader 
to  fill  up  the  outlines  of  the  picture. 

Having  reached  the  age  of  seventy-five  years,  his 
strength  not  failing  apparently,  still  fresh  and 
strong,  he  was  suddenly  smitten  with  a  malady 
which  ended  a  useful  and  well-rounded  life.  After 
a  brief  illness,  he  died  Sept.  cS,  1869,  and  when  ho 
passed  to  his  home  in  the  skies  a  great  void  was 
made  in  his  family,  his  church,  and  in  the  denomi- 
nation, which  to  this  day  has  never  been  filled. 

Duncan,  L.  Alexander,  a  prominent  layman 
and  Sunday-school  worker  in  Louisiana  and  Mis- 
sissippi, residing  at  Meridian,  Miss.,  was  Ijorn  in 
New  York  City  in  1829;  in  1847  associated  with 
his  brother,  W.  C.  Duncan,  D.D..  in  the  publication 
of  the  Soitthwestern  Baptist  Chronicle  in  New  Or- 
leans; continued  in  18.52  under  the  name  of  New 


DUNCAN 


349 


DUNEGAN 


Orleans  Baptist  Chronwle ;  superintendent  of  the 
Aiiierieiiii  Tract  Society  in  the  Southwest  from 
18-35  to  18G1  ;  published  Bible  Student  at  Meinpliis 
in  1878  ;  subsequently  a;;ent  of  Ministerial  Educa- 
tii)n  Board  of  tlie  Southwestern  University  ;  at  pres- 
ent cPLM-ed  in  secular  liusiiioss  at  Meridian,  Miss. 

Duncan,  Rev.  Robert  Samuel,  was  bom  in 
Lincoln  Co.,  Mo.,  April  '11,  1832.  His  father  was 
a  Baptist  minister.  Ilis  mother  was  Miss  Harriet 
Kiiinard.  They  were  natives  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Dun<"in  was  i:onverted  at  nineteen,  and  he  was  or- 
dained in  18.5.5  at  Bethel  church.  lie  wa.s  fourteen 
years  pastor  of  a  country  church,  and  a  part  of  the 
time  he  was  a  missionary  in  Bear  Creek  Association. 
In  1809  he  was  appointed  district  secretary  of  the 
Southern  Board  for  Missouri  in  the  interests  of 
foreign  missions,  and  he  still  holds  this  position, 
lie  is  the  author  of  works  entitled  "The  Primi- 
tive Baptists,"  "  History  of  Sunday-Schools,"  and 
'■  The  History  of  Missouri  Baptists,"  soon  to  be 
issued.  He  lives  in  Montgomery  City,  Mo.  He  is 
of  Scotch  ancestry.  He  is  one  of  the  ablest  men  in 
our  ministry  in  Missouri  ;  his  services  to  the  de- 
nomination have  been  invaluable,  and  his  writings 
shoiilil  ))e  read  by  all  Baiitists. 

Duncan,  Samuel  White,  D.D.,  son  of  Hon. 
James  II.  Duncan,  was  born  at  Haverhill,  Mass., 
Dec.  19,  1838.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was  con- 
verted, and  in  August,  1851,  was  baptized  by 
Kev.  A.  S.  Train.  His  preparatory  studies  were 
pursued  at  Kimball  Union  Academy  near  Dart- 
iiiDuth  College,  N.  H.  In  18.56  he  entered  Brown 
University,  graduating  with  the  honor  of  the  Phil- 
osophical oration  in  1860.  After  spending  a  year 
in  travel,  he  entered  in  18G1  Newton  Theological 
Seminary,  but  left  in  a  little  while  to  enter  the 
U.  S.  army.  Raising  in  two  weeks  a  company  in  his 
native  town,  he  became  captain  in  the  .50tli  Mass. 
Heiximent,  and  served  with  honor  in  the  army  of 
Gen.  Banks,  then  commanding  the  Department  of 
the  Gulf.  Being  mustered  out  with  his  regiment, 
he  resumed  his  theological  studies  at  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary,  graduating  with  the  class  of 
1SG6. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  was  invited 
to  supply  for  six  months  the  Erie  Street  church  of 
Cleveland.  0.  This  led  to  his  eng.igement  as  pas- 
tor. He  was  ordained  in  April,  18C7,  and  remained 
in  Cleveland  until  187-5,  when  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Ninth  Street  church,  Cincinnati.  0.,  a  position 
which  with  great  acceptance  he  continues  to  hold. 
One  of  the  tangible  results  of  his  Clevelaml  work 
was  the  erection  of  a  splendid  new  edifice  on  f/uclid 
Avenue,  to  which  the  church  removed  and  in  which 
it  now  worships. 

Dr.  Duncan  in  1870  w.as  elected  president  of  the 
Ohio  State  Convention  as  the  successor  of  Hon.  J. 
M.  Iloyt.     The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con- 


ferred upon  him  by  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1878.  He  is  a  fine  preacher,  an  earnest  pastor, 
and  is  thoroughly  interested  in  everything  pertain- 
ing to  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 

Duncan,  William  Cecil,  D.D.,  was  horn  in  New 

York  City  in  1824  ;  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
1844:  graduated  at  Madison  University,  1846; 
went  to  New  Orleans  and  engaged  in  publication 
of  Southwestern  Baptist  Chronicle ;  succeeded  Rev. 
I.  T.  HintoD  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church ;  in 
1851  became  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in 
the  University  of  Louisiana;  in  1853  pastor  of 
Coliseum  Place  Baptist  church,  New  Orleans  ;  died 
in  1864.  Dr.  Duncan  is  the  author  of  a  valuable 
work  on  baptism,  and  a  translation  of  Von  Rho- 
den's  "  John  the  Baptist,"  besides  other  minor 
works. 

Duncan,  Col.  Wm.  H.,  was  born  and  has  al- 
wa3-s  lived  in  Barnwell  Co..  S.  C.  Having  in  early 
life  lost  his  father,  he  was  in  some  measure  thrown 
upon  his  own  resources.  He  took  a  clerkship  in 
a  store  at  Barnwell  Court-IIouse,  in  which  he  be- 
came a  great  favorite.  In  the  war  he  soon  received 
a  colonel's  commission.  His  health  having  tempo- 
rarily failed,  and  being  unwilling  to  keep  back 
others  from  promotion,  he  resigned.  Having  re- 
covered his  health,  he  returned  to  the  service  as  a 
private,  and  rapidly  rose  again  to  his  former  rank. 

After  the  war  he  studied  law,  and  now  holds  a 
high  position  in  the  profession.  He  told  the  writer 
that  he  hail  never  lost  a  case,  simply  because  he 
would  not  take  one  till  he  was  sure  of  its  justice, 
lie  then  frequently  laid  it  before  the  court  and 
submitted  it  without  argument. 

But  the  chief  trait  of  his  character  is  his  zeal  for 
Sunday-schools.  No  other  man  in  the  State  has 
delivered  so  many  Sunday-school  addresses.  His 
matter,  language,  and  manner  give  a  charm  to  his 
lectures  seldom  equaled.  Were  there  a  layman  in 
every  county  in  the  Union  laboring  with  equal  zeal, 
the  influence  for  good  would  be  incalculable. 

Dunegan,  Rev.  Jasper,  a  prominent  minister 
in  Northwest  Arkaii>;is.  was  born  in  North  Georgia 
in  1825;  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1844;  became  a 
Baptist  in  1845,  and  two  years  afterwards  began  to 
preach.  By  strong  natural  abilities  he  has  acquired 
considerable  local  reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator  and 
platform  speaker.  Through  his  instrumentality 
most  of  the  churches  north  of  Boston  Mountain  in 
the  State  have  been  planted  or  strengthened  ;  long 
moderator  of  Bentonville  Association  ;  has  served 
several  terms  in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State, 
both  in  the  lower  house  and  the  senate,  during  the 
most  critical  period  since  the  war.  For  a  number 
of  years  he  was  corresponding  editor  of  the  M"cs<- 
ern  Baptist  for  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State, 
to  which  he  had  been  elected  by  several  Associa- 
tions. 


DUKGAN 


350 


DUNSTER 


Dungan,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Ireland, 
and  I'oi'  some  time  lie  was  a  resident  of  Rhode 
Island,  but  in  1684,  when  advanced  in  years,  he 
came  into  Pennsylvania.  lie  settled  three  miles 
north  of  Bristol,  at  Cold  .Sprinj;,  and  there  he  con- 
stituted the  first  Baptist  church  in  Pennsylvania, 
built  a  nieetini;-house,  and  secured  a  burial-place 
for  the  dead.  In  1688,  Mr.  Dungan  was  enabled  to 
giiide  Elias  Keach,  when  distressed  by  guilt,  to  the 
Saviour.  He  baptized  him,  and  he  was  sent  forth 
a  niini.stcr  of  Jesus  from  the  Cold  Spring  church. 
This  was  the  most  inijiortant  event  in  the  history 
of  Mr.  Dungan.  or  of  his  church,  as  will  be  seen  by 
a  reference  to  the  memoir  of  Mr.  Ke.ich.  He  en- 
tered the  heavenly  rest  in  the  year  1688;  and  be- 
fore 1092  it  is  nearly  certain  that  the  church  bad 
ceased  to  exist.  In  1770  "nothing  remained  of 
the  Cold  Spring  church"  but  a  grave-yard  and  the 
names  of  families  that  belonged  to  it:  the  Dun- 
gans.  Gardeners,  Woods,  Doyles.  He  had  five  sons 
and  four  daughters,  whose  descendants  in  1770 
numbered  between  six  and  seven  hundred  persons. 
Mr.  Dungan  was  the  first  Baptist  minister  in  Penn- 
sylvania. He  was  buried  in  the  grave-yard  sur- 
rounding the  church.  Nothing  belonging  to  bis 
cburch  edifice  or  cemetery  now  remains  to  mark  a 
spot  so  full  of  interest  to  Pennsylvania  Baptists, 
except  some  foundations  which  can  be  distinctly 
traced  across  and  on  one  side  of  a  road  which  passes 
by  the  celebrated  Cold  Spring.  The  church  site 
is  two  miles  from  TuUytown,  Bucks  County,  and 
about  two  rods  from  the  pike  leading  to  it,  and  the 
same  distance  from  the  toll-gate  on  the  Tullytown 
road.  Some  of  the  stones  employed  to  mark  graves 
in  the  })urying-ground  are  in  possession  of  persons 
in  the  neighborhood.  The  father  of  the  celebrated 
Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  is  said  to  have  been  interred 
in  this  beautiful  gr()iin<l.  Elias  Keach,  whom  Mr. 
Dungan  baptized,  established  the  Lower  Dublin 
church,  now  the  oldest  Baptist  community  in 
Pennsylvania. 

Dunkards. — The  word  is  a  corruption  of  Tunk- 
ers,  which  signifies  Dippers.  (See  German  Bap- 
tists. ) 

Dunn,  L.  A.,  D.D,,  was  born  in  Bakersfield, 
Vt.,  June  12,  1814.  In  May,  183.5,  he  went  to 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  received  private  instruction 
in  various  branches.  In  May,  1838,  he  went  to 
New  Hampton,  N.  II.,  and  devoted  some  attention 
to  theology  and  to  other  branches  of  education, 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Smith,  Rev.  J. 
Newton  Brown,  D.D.,  and  Prof.  Eaton.  In  1841 
he  left  New  Hampton  and  taught  in  B.ikersfield, 
Vt.  In  1842  he  commenced  preaching  at  Fairfax, 
Vt. :  was  onlained  in  the  October  following,  and 
remained  pastor  of  that  cburch  twenty-nine  years. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Hillsdale  Col- 
lege, Mich.     In  ISlJl  be  traveled  through  Europe, 


Egypt,  and  Pjilestine.  On  his  return,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Christian  Commission,  he  visited 
the  army  three  times.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Vermont  Legislature, 
and  served  three  years.  In  1869  he  resigned  his 
pastorate,  having  been  elected  president  of  the  Cen- 
tral University  of  Iowa.  In  1878  he  made  a  seccmd 
tour  through  Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and 
since  his  return  has  published  a  work  entitled 
"The  Footprints  of  the  Redeemer  in  the  Holy 
Land." 

Dunster,  President  Henry,  was  bom  in  Eng- 
land probably  in  1612.  When  about  twelve  years 
of  age  his  attention  was  first  called  to  the  religion 
of  Jesus.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  and  he  had  among  bis  fellow-students 
Ralph  Cudworth,  Jeremy  Taylor,  and  John  Milton. 
He  was  no  doubt  an  Episcopal  minister  at  first,  and 
then  a  pious  Puritan.  He  arrived  in  Boston  in 
1640. 

Four  years  previous  to  the  coming  of  Dunster 
the  General  Court  had  appropriated  four  hundred 
pounds  to  establish  a  college  at  Camliridge.  Mr. 
Dunster  became  president  of  this  institution  on  the 
27tli  of  August.  1640. 

The  new  president  was  the  friend  of  God  and  of 
his  truth  :  he  was  a  generous  contributor  to  every 
good  cause. 

He  was  distinguished  for  his  scholarly  attain- 
ments in  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew.  In  his  day 
he  was  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of  the  Oriental 
languages  throughout  the  colonies,  and  Quincy, 
in  his  "History  of  Harvard  University,"  says, 
"  Among  the  early  friends  of  the  college  none  de- 
serves more  distinct  notice  than  Henry  Dunster. 
He  united  in  himself  the  character  of  both  patron 
and  president ;  for,  poor  as  be  was,  he  contributed 
at  a  time  of  the  utmost  need  one  hundred  acres  of 
land  towards  its  support,  besides  rendering  it  for  a 
succession  of  years  a  series  of  official  services  well 
directed,  unwearied,  and  altogether  inestimable. 
The  charter  of  1642  was  probably,  and  that  of  1650 
was  avowedly,  obtained  on  his  petition.  By  solici- 
tations among  his  friends  and  by  personal  sacrifices 
be  liuilt  the  president's  house.  lie  was  instant  in 
season  and  out  of  season  with  the  General  Court 
for  the  relief  of  the  college  in  its  extreme  want." 
But  Dunster  was  powerfully  aCTected  by  the  impris- 
onment of  Messrs.  Clarke.  Holmes,  and  Crandal 
at  Boston  for  worshiping  God  as  Baptists  without 
leave  from  the  ruling  powers  ;  and  after  a  full  ex- 
amination of  the  baptismal  question,  the  first  pres- 
ident of  Harvard,  a  man  of  extraordinary  learning, 
became  a  Baptist,  and  like  a  Christian  man,  de- 
spising financial  losses  and  stripes  and  imprison- 
ment, he  boldly  preached  against  infant  sprinkling 
in  the  church  at  Cambridge,  to  the  great  indigna- 
tion of  its  friends  there  and  elsewhere.     This  sealed 


DURFEE 


351 


DURFEE 


his  career  as  president  of  Harvard.  His  years  of 
service,  marked  l)y  a  success  that  created  astonish- 
ment and  gratitude,  were  quickly  forgotten  when, 
as  Cotton  Mather  said,  "  he  fell  into  the  briers  of 
anti-pedobaptism." 

Quincy  says,  "  Indicted  by  the  grand  jury  for 
disturbing  tin;  ordinance  of  infant  baptism  in  the 
Cambridge  church,  sentenced  to  a  public  admoni- 
tion, and  laid  under  bonds  for  good  behavior,  Dun- 
stcr's  martyrdom  was  consummated  by  being  com- 
pelled to  resign  his  office  of  president."  ''  He 
found  the  seminary  a  school,  it  rose  under  his  au- 
spices to  the  dignity  of  a  college.  Xo  man  ever 
questioned  his  talents,  learning,  exemplary  fidelity, 
and  usefulness."  Dunster  deserves  all  this  from 
the  historian  of  Harvard.  He  was  as  noble  a  ser- 
vant as  ever  followed  Christ  in  times  when  truth 
demanded  painful  sacrifices.  It  is  singular  that 
such  a  man  should  become  a  Baptist.  Brought  up 
under  other  inBuences,  having  everything  earthly 
to  lose  and  nothing  to  gain,  a  profound  scholar 
capable  of  weighing  the  merits  of  the  controversy, 
nothing  but  the  force  of  truth  can  account  for  his 
adoption  of  our  sentiments.  Like  Alexander  Car- 
son, Adoiiiram  Judson,  Baptist  W.  Noel,  and  many 
others  of  culture  and  intellect,  a  tender  conscience 
and  the  power  of  truth  alone  can  account  for  the 
change.  Ho  died  Feb.  27,  1659,  and  entered  into 
that  world  where  both  the  wicked  and  the  godly 
cease  from  troublini;  and  the  weary  are  at  rest. 

Durfee,  Job,  Chief  Justice,  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University  to  fill 
a  Baptist  vacancy.  As  the  charter  requires  that 
persons  so  elected  shall  be  Baptists,  we  take  it  for 
granted  that  he  was  a  Baptist  in  sentiment.  He 
was  born  in  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  Sept.  20,  1790.  His" 
early  days  were  spent  upon  his  father's  farm. 
When  but  quite  a  youth  he  began  to  develop  those 
mental  powers  which  afterwards  gained  him  so 
much  distinction  in  his  native  State.  He  entered 
Brown  University  in  1809.  Dr.  Messer  was  presi- 
dent of  the  college  at  the  time.  It  is  an  indication 
of  the  position  he  helil,  that  near  the  close  of  bis 
college  course  Mr.  Durfeo  prepared  and  delivered 
a  Fourth  of  July  oration  to  his  fellow-citizens, 
which  was  so  well  received  that  a  copy  was  re- 
quested for  publication.  He  graduated  among  the 
foremost  scholars  of  his  class,  "  respected,"  says 
his  son,  "among  his  classmates  for  his  vigorous 
powers  of  reason  and  imagination." 

Mr.  Durfee  studied  law,  at  the  same  time  de- 
voting himself  to  literary  pursuits  and  cnltivating 
his  talent  for  poetry.  He  represented  his  native 
place  in  the  State  Legislature  for  six  years,  where 
he  soon  took  the  high  position  to  which  his  abilities 
entitled  bim  as  an  abledeV)ater  and  an  accomplished 
legislator.  From  the  representation  of  his  State  at 
home  he  passed  to  the  House  of  Representatives 


at  Washington,  where  he  acquitted  himself  with 
distinction.  He  seems,  however,  to  have  become 
disgusted  with  Congressional  life.  At  any  rate,  he 
would,  with  the  independence  of  a  citizen  of  the 
State  of  Rhode  Island,  whose  best  legacy  was  the 
spirit  and  honest  freedom  of  its  distinguished 
founder,  speak  out  his  own  mind.  Unfortunatelv, 
perhaps  he  may  have  thought  fortunately  for  him- 
self, his  sentiments  did  not  quite  please  his  con- 
stituents, and  he  was  defeated  in  the  attempt  to 
re-elect  him.  It  was  a  relief  from  the  excitements 
of  political  life  to  retire  to  his  quiet  farm,  and  amid 
the  graver  pursuits  to  which  his  attention  was  di- 
rected to  woo  his  muse  and  indulge  his  poetic 
fancies,  to  the  amusement  and  delight  of  his  ad- 
miring friends.  It  was  at  this  period  of  life  that 
he  laid  the  plan,  and  in  due  time  carried  it  into  ex- 
ecution, of  writing  a  poem  which  sliould  rehearse 
the  fortunes  of  Roger  Williams,  for  whose  character 
be  had  the  most  profound  regard.  When  the  [locm, 
to  which  he  gave  the  title  "  What  Cheer?"  was 
completed,  his  modesty  led  him  to  conclude  that  it 
was  not  worthy  of  publication,  "but."  as  his  biog- 
rapher remarks,  "some  lurking  vanity  of  author- 
ship— the  hope  to  contribute  'something  to  the 
permanence  of  a  genuine  Rhode  Island  feeling' — 
or  the  praises  of  his  friends  overcame  his  modesty, 
and  in  1832  a  small  edition  was  published  by  sub- 
scription." Its  reception  at  home  was  anything 
but  flattering  to  its  author,  but  its  merits  were 
heartily  recognized  abroad,  and  that  prince  of  re- 
viewers, John  Foster,  was  lavish  in  his  praise  of 
the  production  of  the  Rhode  Island  poet. 

Mr.  Durfee  was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1833,  and  two  years 
after  was  made  chief  justice.  It  was  while  he  was 
on  the  bench  that  Rhode  Island  passed  through  one 
of  the  great  crises  of  its  history.  We  refer  to  what 
is  known  as  the  "  Dorr  Rebellion."  Judge  Durfee 
was  the  firm  friend  of  what  he  believed  to  be  "  law 
and  order."  He  found  time  amid  the  pressure  of 
other  duties  to  prepare  several  valuable  works, 
which  were  published.  While  engaged  in  his  pro- 
fessional and  literary  work  he  was  smitten  down 
with  ilisease.  which  endcil  his  life  July  26,  1847. 

Durfee,  Hon.  Thomas,  eldest  son  of  Judge  Job 
Durfee,  was  born  in  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  Feb.  6,  1826, 
and  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the 
class  of  1846.  lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848, 
and  in  1S49  was  appointi'd  reporter  of  the  decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island,  which  office 
he  held  fur  four  years.  From  1854  to  1860,  he 
served  in  the  court  of  magistrates  of  the  city  of 
Providence,  being  for  five  years  of  this  time  the 
presiding  magistrate.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  lMi3  and  1864.  In  1865  he 
was  chosen  a  State  senator,  and  in  June  of  this 
year  was  elected  associate  judge  of  the  Supreme 


DURHAM 


352 


DU   VEIL 


Court  of  the  Stiite,  wliieli  office  he  liclii  until  Jan- 
uary 28,  187-J,  when  he  was  chosen  chief  justice, 
which  position  he  now  (1880)  holds.  Judge  Dur- 
fee,  besides  his  valuable  reports,  has  prepared 
jointly  with  Joseph  K.  Angell,  Ksq.,  a  treatise  on 
the  law  of  highways,  which  was  published  in  1857. 


nON.    THOMAS    DURFEE. 

In  1872  he  published  a  volume  of  poems,  lie  is  a 
member  of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University, 
of  which  he  was  chosen  the  chancellor  in  1879,  on 
the  decease  of  the  late  Hon.  B.  F.  Thomas.  Judge 
Durfee  is  a  rejrular  attendant  upon  tlie  worship  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  and  identifies  himself 
with  the  iiitiTi'sts  of  that  society. 

Durham,  Rev.  C,  was  born  in  Rutherford  Co., 
N.  C,  April  28,  1844.  Ilis  mother  was  the  sister 
of  ex-Gov.  Ba.icter,  of  Arkansas,  and  Judge  John 
Baxter,  of  Tennessee.  Mr.  Durham  was  baptized 
in  September,  ISGU;  entered  the  army  in  April, 
1861 ;  W.1S  wounded  four  times;  though  but  a  boy, 
was  blessed  in  conducting  prayer-meetings  in  the 
army ;  was  received  by  the  Board  of  Education  as 
a  student  at  Wake  Forest  in  1867  ;  graduated  in 
1871  ;  was  pastor  in  Goldsborough  from  August. 
1871,  to  -January,  1876,  during  which  time  tlie 
membership  of  the  church  more  than  doubled,  an 
old  debt  was  paid,  and  a  pastor's  study  and  par- 
sonage were  built;  settled  in  Durham  in  1876, 
where  by  his  labors  the  church  has  been  greatly 
strengthened,  a  new  and  beautiful  house  of  worship 
has  been  V)uilt,  also  a  parsonage.  Mr.  Durham  has 
preached  in  twenty-five  counties  in  North  Carolina 
and  three  in  South  Carolina,  and  has  baptized  over 


300  persons.  He  is  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  Col- 
lege. 

Dutch  Baptists  in  England.— About  the  seven- 
teenth year  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  a  con- 
gregation of  Dutch  Baptists  was  found,  without 
Aldgate,  in  London,  twenty-seven  of  whom  were 
cast  into  prison,  and  two  of  them  were  given  to  the 
flames.  Fox,  the  author  of  the  ''  Book  of  Mar- 
tyrs," made  an  earnest  appeal  to  Queen  Elizabeth 
for  these  humble  and  harmless  servants  of  the  Sa- 
viour, but  her  majesty  would  not  listen  to  the  voice 
of  mercy.     This  wicked  event  occurred  in  1575. 

Duval,  Edmund  Hillyer,  was  born  in  London 
in  18U5  ;  cduvcrted  young,  was  baptized  by  Uev. 
J.  Howard  Hinton  ;  was  teacher  and  inspector  of 
schools  in  England  ;  came  to  New  Brunswick  in 
1847;  and  as  principal  of  the  Normal  School  of  St. 
John,  and  inspector  of  schools,  Mr.  Duval  served  the 
cause  ofediuiation  in  New  Brunswick  well  for  thirty 
years. 

Du  Veil,  Charles  M.,  D.D.,  was  trained  from 
childhood  in  the  Hebrew  faith.  His  parents  were 
evidently  persons  of  intelligence  and  of  ample 
financial  resources,  since  they  gave  their  son  a 
thorougli  education. 

Du  Veil  had  a  special  taste  for  investigating 
every  subject  bnmght  to  his  attontidn.  It  made  no 
difference  to  him  what  others  thought,  even  though 
they  had  been  famous  for  learning,  and  united  lo 
him  by  the  tenderest  ties,  he  must  examine  every- 
thing for  liimself.  A  careful  study  of  the  prophets 
convinced  Iiim  tliat  Jesus  was  the  Messiah  ;  and 
with  great  independence  of  character  he  avowed 
himself  a  Christian.  His  father,  whose  hopes  were 
so  unexpectedly  blighted,  and  whose  heart  was  so 
deeply  wounded,  as  he  discovered  the  situation, 
seized  a  sword,  and,  if  friends  had  not  interfered, 
would  luive  slain  his  son. 

The  form  of  Christianity  which  he  embraced  was 
the  Roiium  Catholic.  Ho  was  doubtless  surrounded 
by  nominal  and  earnest  members  of  that  apostate 
community.  His  literary  attainments  were  so  re- 
markable and  his  mental  powers  so  great,  that  he 
was  soon  regarded  with  general  favnr  as  a  popular 
preacher  in  the  French  Church.  The  University  of 
Anjou  gave  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity, 
and  appointed  him  Professor  of  Theology.  The 
publication  of  his  commentary  on  Matthew  and 
Mark,  in  which,  with  great  ingenuity,  he  defended 
the  dogmas  of  Romanism,  gave  him  the  einiracter 
of  an  able  controversialist :  and  soon  his  belligerent 
talents  were  summoned  into  service  against  the 
Huguenots,  then  the  chief  fiiends  of  God,  and  the 
worst  foes  of  Ronumism,  in  France  ;  but  as  he  care- 
fully examined  the  writings  of  the  French  Protest- 
ants he  found  that  the  truth  was  entirely  on  their 
side;  and  as  it  was  his  sovereign  he  immediately 
yielded  to  its  precious  sceptre.     He  fled  to  Holland 


DU   VEIL 


353 


DYE 


to  avoid  persecution,  and  there  abjured  the  heresies 

of  the  frail  "scarlet  lady"  of  the  seven  hills. 

lie  came  to  Eni^land  in  search  of  truth,  and  a 
home;  and  in  that  country  he  became  a  favorite 
with  some  of  the  first  men  in  th(!  Episcopal  Church, 
Stillinsfleet,  Tillotson,  Patrick  (Dean  of  Peter- 
boroujih),  Lloyd  (Bishop  of  St.  Asaph's),  and 
Coinpton  (Bishop  of  London).  He  was  ordained 
an  Episcopal  clergyman,  and  became  the  domestic 
chaplain  of  an  English  nobleman. 

He  republished  his  commentary  on  Matthew 
and  Mark  in  England  in  1670,  extensively  revised 
and  corrected.  In  1679  he  issued  his  "  Literal 
Explication  of  Solomon's  Song."  This  effort  was 
highly  appreciated  by  the  English  clergy,  and  by 
the  Protestants  on  the  Continent.  In  1680  lie 
published  a  "  Literal  Exposition  of  the  Minor 
Prophets,"  dedicated  to  Lord  Ileneage  Finch,  the 
lord  chancellor.  The  Bishop  of  London  was  so 
delighted  with  this  work  that  he  gave  him  the 
privilege  of  using  his  splendid  library  as  freely  as 
if  it  were  his  own.  In  that  literary  treasury  Du 
Veil  became  acquainted  with  the  works  of  the  Eng- 
lish Baptists,  and  speedily  found  that  the  Bible 
contained  their  doctrines  ;  and  that,  notwithstand- 
ing the  loss  which  the  avowal  would  inflict  upon 
him,  he  must  proclaim  himself  a  Baptist.  A  young 
woman  in  the  service  of  the  Bishop  of  London  held 
Baptist  principles,  for  which  she  was  frequently 
annoyed  by  her  companions;  she  discovered  Du 
Veil's  Baptist  tendencies,  and  procured  for  him  an 
interview  with  Hanserd  Knollys,  and  subsequently 
with  John  Gosnold  :  and  by  Mr.  Gosnold  he  was 
baptized.  This  act  cost  hira  all  his  Episcopal 
friends  except  Tillotson,  the  future  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury. 

Some  time  afterwards  he  gave  to  the  world  "  A 
Literal  Explanation  of  the  Acts  of  the  Holy 
Apostles."  It  was  published  in  London  in  168.^. 
In  it  he  defends  his  new  opinions  with  signal 
ability.  It  is  the  most  valuable  of  his  works.  The 
celebrated  French  Protestant  minister,  Claude, 
for  years  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  College  of 
Nismes,  whose  reputation  is  still  dear  to  all  French 
Protestants,  and  to  all  sermonizers  iu  England 
and  America,  whose  knowledge  of  his  writings 
only  extends  to  his  "  Essay  on  the  Composition  of 
a  Sermon,"  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Du  Veil,  says. — • 

"I  have  perused  your  Commentary,  though  it 
came  but  lately  to  my  hands,  and  I  have  found  in 
it,  as  in  all  your  other  works,  the  marks  of  copious 
reading,  abundance  of  sense,  right  reason,  and  a 
just  and  exact  understanding:  and  I  do  not  dniibt 
but  that  the  Commentary  will  be  kindly  received 
by  the  learned,  and  prove  very  useful  ti>  all  those 
■who  apply  themselves  to  understand  the  Scrip- 
tures."    Claude  was  a  Pedobaptist. 

Du    Veil   was    familiar   with    all    Jewish    and 


Christian  learning ;  and  his  departure  from  the 
Church  of  England  and  adoption  of  our  sentiments 
and  people,  at  a  period  when  the  Baptists  were  op- 
pressed by  the  bitter  hatred  of  James  II.,  of  the 
whole  Episcopal  establishment,  and  of  nearly  all 
English  Pedobaptists,  is  a  remarkable  testimony  to 
his  conscientiousness,  and  to  the  truth  of  our  doc- 
trines. 

Dwelle,  Rev.  George  W.,  one  of  the  most  use- 
ful ami  prominent  among  the  colored  Baptists  of 
Georgia,  resides  in  Americus,  and  has  charge  of 
Shady  Grove  (colored)  Baptist  church,  in  Sumter 
County,  and,  also,  of  the  Eureka  (colored)  Baptist 
church,  at  Albany.  He  stands  high  among  his 
brethren,  who  repose  great  confidence  in  him.  He 
is  the  clerk  of  the  Ebenezer  (colored)  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation, and  of  the  Mission.ary  Baptist  Convention 
of  Georgia,  having  held  each  position  since  the  or- 
ganization of  those  bodies,  in  which  he  himself 
took  a  leading  part.  Under  the  appointment  of 
this  Convention  he  acted  as  an  agent  in  collecting 
funds  f(jr  the  college  building  in  Atlanta,  and  also 
as  a  State  missionary.  He  was  born  in  Augusta  in 
1833,  and  was  converted  in  18.i5.  lie  joined  the 
Springfield  (colored)  Baptist  church  at  Augusta  in 
1856,  and  immediately,  with  great  decision,  entered 
upon  religious  duties;  was  in  turn  made  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday-school  and  deacon  of  the 
church;  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1<873,  and  or- 
daineii  in  1874.  He  has  always  been  a  steady 
worker  in  the  church  and  Sunday-school  ;  has 
strongly  favored  missions  and  education,  and  stands 
high  iu  the  estimation  of  both  races,  among  the 
Baptists  of  Georgia,  as  a  good  preacher  and  a  man 
of  fine  character. 

Dye,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Johnstown, 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was  converted  in 
1823,  and  at  once  began  to  exhort  men  to  repent- 
ance. In  1824  he  was  licensed  to  pre.ach,  and  or- 
dained in  1831  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  Elder 
John  Smitzer  preached  the  sermon  and  Elder  John 
Peck  made  the  consecrating  prayer.  Mr.  Dye  has 
devoted  his  life  to  itinerant  and  pioneer  labor  al- 
most exclusively.  In  the  State  of  New  York  he 
labored  at  sixteen  different  places,  either  gathering 
churches  or  strengthening  the  feeble  flock  of  God. 
Frequent  revivals  atfendod  his  ministry.  In  1844 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  sent 
him  as  its  missionary  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and 
Rock  Island.  HI.  The  following  year  he  entered 
the  Territory  of  Wisconsin.  He  labored  at  Prairie- 
ville  (now  Waukesha),  Raymond,  East  Troy,  Da- 
rien,  Walworth,  and  other  places,  confining  hia 
efforts  mostly  to  Walworth  and  Racine  Counties. 
He  is  eighty -one  years  old,  and  preaches  still  when 
called  upon.  During  his  ministry  of  over  fifty  years 
he  has  preached  6000  times,  baptized  400  persons, 
attended  600  funerals,  and  married  400  couples. 


DYER 


354 


DYKE 


Dyer,  Rev.  A.  Nichols,  was  born  in  East 
GreeM\vii:li,  R.  I.,  May  1.  1803;  was  converted 
when  very  young  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1829 ; 
founded  the  church  in  llarrishurfj.  Pa.,  in  1830; 
was  pastor  of  RoxI)Orou;^h  in  1832;  organized  the 
church  at  Chestnut  Hill  ;  in  1837  was  pastor  in 
Phocnixville  ;  aided  in  the  formation  of  churches  in 
Ea.st  Nantmeixl,  Caernarvon,  and  West  Calm,  and 
afterwards  was  pastor  of  the  former  two  ;  then  of 
the  Bethcsda  and  Danville  churches.  lie  died  in 
Philadelphia,  \(jv.  *',.  isr,7. 

Dyer,  Rev.  Sidney,  Ph.D.,  was  horn  at  White 
Creek,  AVashington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1814.  He  joined 
the  army  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1831,  and  was 
sent  to  fight  the  Indians.  He  continued  in  military 
life  for  about  ten  years,  and  rose  to  a  position  both 
pleasant  and  lucrative.  But  his  desire  to  preach 
grew  so  overpowering  that  at  twenty-two  years  of 
age  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  study  under  the 
direction  of  Rev.  Charles  G.  Sommers,  D.D.,  then 
pastor  of  the  South  Baptist  church.  New  York.  He 
was  ordained  in  1842,  and  preached  first  in  a  church 
near  his  former  residence  at  Brownsville,  and  after- 
ward as  a  missionary  among  the  Choctaws.  Sub- 
sequently he  occupied  the  office  of  secretary  of  the 
Indian  Mission  Board  at  Louisville,  Ky.  In  18.i2 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Indianapolis, 
and  in  1859  was  chosen  district  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  at  Phihwlel- 
phia.  He  still  remains  in  the  service  of  the  society, 
and  continues  with  remarkable  vigor  bis  labors  as 
preacher,  author,  and  poet.  He  received  the  de- 
gree of  A.M.  from  Indiana  State  University,  and 
that  of  Ph.D.  from  the  University  at  Lewisburg, 
Pa.  His  earlier  contributions  to  poetry  appeared 
in  various  literary  journals,  and  were  .subsequently 
published  in  a  volume  entitled  '•  Voices  of  Nature." 
Some  of  bis  verses  embody  very  tender  reminis- 
cences of  liis  early  life  and  fellowships.  He  has 
also  published  ''  Dyer's  Psalmist,''  •'  Winter's  Even- 
ing Entertainment,"  occasional  sermons,  and  a 
numerous  collection  of  songs  and  ballads.     Some 


of  his  sacred  verses  will  doubtless  occupy  a  per- 
manent place  in  the  services  of  the  sanctuary. 
More  recently  he  has  contributed  a  charming  and 
invaluable  series  of  books  for  young  people,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  "Great  Wonders  in  Lit- 
tle Things,''  "  Homo  and  Abroad,"  "  Black  Dia- 
monds," "  Boys  and  Birds,"  "  Hoofs  and  Claws," 
"  Ocean  Gardens,''  and  "  Elmdate  Lyceum."  These 
volumes  evidence  the  author's  wonderful  tact  and 
clearness  in  leading  the  mind  through  a  knowledge 
of  nature  to  the  contemplation  of  nature's  God. 

His  daughter,  Mrs.  Mattie  Dyer  Britts,  is  also 
widely  known  as  a  writer  of  marked  ability.  She 
has  already  published  several  juvenile  volumes, 
and  is  a  contributor  to  a  number  of  literary  and 
religious  journals. 
j  Dyke,  Daniel,  M.A.,  was  born  at  Epping,  Es- 
1  se.\,  about  ItJlT.  He  was  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge.  After  receiving  episcopal  or- 
dination he  was  appointed  to  the  living  of  Great 
Haddam,  Hertfordshire,  worth  about  j£300  per 
annum.  He  soon  became  noted  as  a  niiin  of  great 
learning  and  deep  piety,  and  speedily  was  invested 
with  a  very  extensive  influence.  He  was  appointed 
by  Cromwell  in  16.03  one  of  the  Triers  for  the  ex- 
amination and  admission  of  godly  ministers  into 
the  national  church.  The  Lord  Protector  also 
made  him  one  of  his  chaplains.  When  Cromwell 
ordered  a  collection  to  be  taken  up  in  all  the  parish 
churches  in  England  for  the  persecuted  Walden.ses, 
Mr.  Dyke's  name,  with  many  others,  appeared  in 
the  proclamation  as  commending  the  object.  Crom- 
well himself  g.ave  £2000  on  the  occasion.  Before 
the  Act  of  Uniformity  was  passed,  Mr.  Dyke  with- 
drew all  his  services  from  the  national  church,  and 
preached  wherever  he  had  an  opportunity  until  the 
year  IfiGS,  when  he  was  appointed  co-pastor  with 
the  celebrated  William  Kiffin.  He  retained  this 
position  for  twenty  j'cars,  when  he  entered  upon 
his  eternal  rest,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  attainments,  of  extreme 
modesty,  and  of  marked  usefulness. 


BACHES 


355 


EARLY 


E. 


Eaches,  Rev.  Owen  P.,  was  born  at  Phccnix- 
villf.  Pa.,  Dec.  11,  l^i40;  baptized  Feb.  20,  18.5.3; 
graduated  at  Lewisburg  Univer.sity  in  18G,3,  and 
from  the  theological  department  two  years  later. 
He  taught  in  the  university  in  186-5-66  ;  was  or- 
dained at  Nicetown,  Philadelphia,  October,  1866; 
became  pastor  of  the  old  church  at  Ilightstown, 
N.  J.,  June  1,  1870.  Here  his  labors  have  been 
very  successful  in  building  up  the  church  and  in 
the  conver.sion  of  souls.  Ilis  influence  is  largely 
felt  in  the  affairs  of  Peddie  Institute.  He  has  been 
for  a  long  time  secretary  of  the  board  governing 
that  academy,  and  when  Dr.  Fish  resigned  the  sec- 
retaryship of  the  Xew  Jersey  Baptist  Education 
Society,  in  1873,  Mr.  Eaches  was  elected  to  that 
position,  an<l  still  holds  it.  He  is  a  close  student, 
an  active  pastor,  and  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
periodicals. 

Eager,  Rev.  E.  C,  pastor  at  Brookhaven,  Miss., 
was  born  in  Vermont  in  1813;  graduated  at  Mad- 
ison University,  N.  Y.,  in  1841  ;  began  his  minis- 
terial labors  as  a  missionary  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in 
1842.  Here  he  gathered  about  forty  Baptists  and 
preached  to  them  three  months;  then  he  removed 
to  Granada,  Miss.  He  filled  several  other  pastorates 
in  the  State,  then  accepted  an  agency  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Publication  Society,  Charleston,  .S.  C, 
inwhioli  he  developed  rare  qualifications  for  raising 
money  for  benevolent  uses;  as  an  agent  of  Missis- 
sippi College  he  obtained  one  hundred  and  twenty 
thousand  dollars:  was  the  successful  agent  of  the 
Bible  Revision  Association  up  to  ihe  war :  after  the 
war  he  again  became  agent  of  Mississippi  College 
and  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention  until  he  settled  in  his  present 
pastorate. 

Eagle,  Rev.  J.  P.,  a  prominent  minister  at 
Lonoke,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Maury  Co.,  Tenn.,  in 
1837,  but  he  was  reared  in  that  part  of  Arkansas 
where  he  has  since  labored;  was  a  lieutenant-col- 
onel in  the  Confederate  army  ;  since  the  war  has 
served  a  number  of  terms  in  the  State  Legislature  ; 
began  to  preach  in  1868,  and  has  since  supplied  a 
number  of  churches  in  his  region.  Being  a  wealthy 
planter,  he  has  preached  without  charge  to  his 
churches,  but  inculcates  the  duty  of  ministerial 
support  and  contributes  largely  to  the  cause.  In 
a  recent  political  State  Convention,  without  being 
a  candidate,  he  received  a  respectable  vote  for  gov- 
ernor. 


Earle,  Rev.  T.  J. — This  most  estimable  brother 
was  born  in  Spartanburg  Co.,  S.  C,  Dec.  23,  1824 ; 
baptized  in  1845  by  Rev.  .J.  G.  Landrum,  and  or- 
dained in  1852.     He  took  his  literary  and  his  theo- 


REV.  T.  J.  EARI.E. 

logical  course  in  Mercer  University.  He  was  four 
years  pastor  at  Pendleton,  S.  C,  and  left  the  church 
in  a  highly  prosperous  condition.  He  then  settled 
in  Gowensville,  Glennville  Co.,  S.  C,  where  he  has 
preached  about  twenty-four  years,  twenty-four  at 
Holly  Spring,  and  eighteen  at  Milford.  He  has 
taught  for  many  years  as  principal  of  the  Gowens- 
ville Seminary.  lie  has  baptized  an  unusual  num- 
ber of  pupils,  and  many  have  been  baptized  by 
others.  His  countenance  is  a  true  index  of  his 
nol)le  soul.  Modesty  is  the  crown  of  all  his  virtues. 
When  the  writer  proposed  to  try  to  get  him  the 
title  of  D.D.  be  peremptorily  refused.  lie  is  an 
accomplished  scholar,  a  fine  preacher,  and  one  of 
the  most  perfect  Christian  gentlemen  the  writer 
has  ever  known. 

Early,  Rev.  M.  D.,  pastor  at  Dardanelles.  Ark., 
was  born  in  Georgia  in  1846,  but  was  reared  in 
Clarke  Co.,  Ark.,  whither  his  father  removed  in 
1858 ;  began  to  preach  in  1870,  and  served  a  number 


EASON 


356 


EA  TON 


of  cluirches  in  the  region  of  his  home  until  1875, 
when  he  was  called  to  Hope,  Ilainpstcail  County, 
where  he  did  a  noble  work.  In  1877  he  was  called 
to  the  Third  Street  church.  Little  Rock.  With 
this  feeble  interest  he  labored  successfully  two 
years,  and  then  removed  to  his  present  important 
field.  Mr.  Early  is  an  acceptable  preacher,  and  one 
of  the  risin;:  youns  ""^'i  "'   ''"^  State. 

Eason,  Rev.  F.  W.,  was  bom  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Oct.  31,  1837;  baptized  December,  1858.  by 
Dr.  Basil  Manly,  Sr. ;  entered  the  army  April,  1861  ; 
surrendered  under  Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston  at  High 
Point,  N.  C,  May  15,  1865;  was  captain  of  in- 
fantry, and  afterwards  of  artillery  ;  was  a  merchant 
after  the  war;  was  called  to  ordination  by  Darling- 
ton church  in  1867,  Drs.  J.  0.  B.  Dargan,  Richard 
Furnian,  and  Geo.  Bealer  forming  the  presbytery. 
After  seven  years'  service  as  pastor  in  Darling- 
ton, S.  C,  went  to  the  theological  seminary  in 
Greenville,  S.  C,  taking  the  full  course.  Mr. 
Eason  has  served  the  Fayetteville  church,  N.  C, 
and  is  now  pastor  in  Newberne.  lie  was  educated 
at  Charleston  College,  S.  C.  He  has  a  fine  literary 
taste,  and  he  is  popular  as  a  preacher,  pastor,  and 
lectiiri'r. 

East  Alabama  Female  College,  located  at 
Tuskegee,  was  founded  by  the  Tuskegec  Association 
in  185U.  The  buildings  were  of  the  most  beautiful 
and  modem  style,  and  cost  not  less  than  si.\ty 
thousand  dollars.  It  had  a  brilliant  career  of 
twenty  years.  Dr.  Bacon,  Gen.  AV.  F.  Perry,  Rev. 
A.  J.  Battle,  D.D.,  Rev.  E.  B.  Teague,  D.D.,  and 
Prof.  R.  II.  Rawlings,  A.M.,  were  presidents  of 
this  institution.  By  accident  or  by  incendiary  it 
was  burned  in  1870,  and  so  ended  its  history. 

Eastin,  Rev.  Augustine,  a  brilliant  preacher 
of  the  last  century,  was  one  of  the  first  converts  to 
Baptist  principles  in  Goochland  Co.,  Va.  He 
soon  become  a  zealous  minister,  and  was  incarcer- 
ated in  Cliesterticld  jail  for  preaching  contrary  to 
law.  He  moved  to  Kentucky  in  1784,  and  was  one 
of  the  constituents  of  Bryant's  church,  in  Fayette 
County.  Afterwards  he  moved  to  Bourbon  County, 
where  he  formed  Cowper's  Run  church,  in  1807. 
He  appears -to  have  been  popular  and  useful  till 
ho  became  an  Arian,  and  was  cut  off  from  the  Bap- 
tists. He  maintained  a  good  moral  character  to 
the  end  of  life. 

East  Troy,  a  village  of  Walworth  County.  It 
was  here  that  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion was  organized  in  1846,  and  where  Conrad. 
Delaney,  and  Miner  toiled  with  great  self-denial 
but  unfaltering  loyalty  to  Christ  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  State. 

Eastwood,  Rev.  Thomas  Midgely,  was  liorn 
at  Manayunk,  Fa.,  May  11,  184S.  He  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Miller  Jones,  at  Bridgeport,  Pa.,  in 
March,   1863,  and  was  received  into  the  member- 


ship of  the  First  Ba)>tist  cliurch  of  that  place.  He 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  Lewisburg  and  at 
Crozer  Theological  Semiruiry.  He  graduated  at 
Lewisburg  in  June,  187-,  and  at  Crozer  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  in  May,  1874.  His  ministry  began 
with  the  First  Baptist  churcli,  AVilmington,  Del., 
May  1,  1874,  and  he  was  ordained  in  June  of  the 
same  year.  The  chairman  of  the  council  of  ordi- 
nation was  Rev.  James  Trickett,  and  the  clerk  Rev. 
W.  R.  McNeil;  Rev.  J.  M.  Pendleton,  D.D.,  Rev. 
George  AV.  Anderson,  D.D.,  Rev.  George  AV.  Fol- 
*ell,  Rev.  E.  AV.  Dickinson,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Miller 
Jones  participated  in  the  exercises  of  onlination. 
During  bis  ministry  at  AVilmington  be  has  organ- 
ized the  Shiloh  Baptist  church,  the  first  colored 
Baptist  congregation  in  the  State  of  Delaware.  He 
assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  Delaware  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  which  was  organized  September, 
1874,  and  was  its  first  secretary.  He  has  also  been 
actively  engaged  in  furthering  the  interests  of  the 
Delaware  Baptist  Union.  He  was  its  first  presi- 
dent, and  has  been  three  times  elected  to  the  ulfice. 
At  present  he  is  pastor  of  the  Bethany  Baptist 
church,  which  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  union  of  the 
Elm  Street  with  the  First  Baptist  church,  effected 
in  lS7(i.  He  has  thus  had  at  ))rescnt  writing  a 
continuous  |iastorate  of  six  years. 

Eaton,  Geo.  W.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  at 
Henderson,  Huntington  Co.,  Pa.,  July  3,  1804; 
family  removed  to  Ohio  in  1805  ;  entered,  1822, 
Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  and  remained  two 
years  ;  from  1824  to  1827  was  engaged  in  teach- 
ing in  Prince  Edward  Co.,  Va.  ;  in  1827  en- 
tered junior  class  at  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
and  was  graduated  in  1829  ;  in  1830  was  elected 
tutor  in  the  academy  at  Belleville,  N.  Y. ;  from 
1831  to  1833  was  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages 
in  Georgetown,  Ky.,  and  acted  as  president  of  the 
institution  the  last  six  months  ;  in  1833  became 
connected  with  Madison  University  (see  article 
Madison  University),  then  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  ;  from  1833  to  1837 
was  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Phil- 
osophy ;  from  1S37  to  1850  occupied  the  chair  of 
Ecclesiastical  and  Civil  History  ;  1S50-61,  Professor 
of  Systematic  Theology  and  president  of  Madison 
University ;  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral 
Philosophy,  from  1856  to  1868;  from  1861  to  1871 
president  of  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  and 
Professor  of  Ilomilotics.  Died  Aug.  3,  1872.  It  is 
well-nigh  impossible  withlji  brief  limits  to  describe 
adequately  this  great  man.  In  person  he  was  tall, 
well  formed,  and  pleasing  in  his  movements,  the 
features  denoting  great  kindness  of  heart.  In 
character  he  was  gentle,  unsuspicious,  confiding, 
and  hopeful, — a  very  Christian  gentleman. 

He  was  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  institu- 
tion,   and   when   his   failing   health   compelled   his 


EATON 


357 


EATON 


retirement  he  felt  he  was  severin;;;  himself  from 
his  very  life.  Not  an  old  man  when  he  died,  yet 
ho  had  become  aged  by  severe  toil  and  faithful  ser- 


GEORGE    W.  EATOV,  D.D.,    tL.D. 

vice  in  the  interests  of  tlie  university.  By  nature 
Dr.  Eaton  was  an  orator,  and  yet  he  possessed  the 
best  elements  of  a  successful  teacher.  Few  men 
have  more  deeply  impressed  themselves  upon  the 
character  of  their  pupils  than  ho.  His  influence, 
in  connection  with  Dr.  Ilascall  and  Dr.  Spear,  car- 
ried the  college  through  its  darker  hours,  and  to 
him  the  friends  of  education,  and  especially  the 
Baptists  of  New  York,  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude 
wliirli  it  will  lie  iuipossitilR  to  pay. 

Eaton,  Rev.  Isaac,  A.M.,  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Eaton,  of  Montgomery,  Pa.  ;  was  con- 
verted in  early  life,  and  joined  the  Southampton 
church,  Pa.  lie  soon  began  to  preach,  and  when 
twenty-four  years  of  age  took  charge  of  the  church 
in  Ilnppwell,  N.  J.,  Nov.  20.  \14i<.  Rich  blessings 
descended  upon  liis  p.astorate,  which  ended  only 
with  his  life,  twenty-six  years  afterwards.  He  im- 
mediately became  prominent  in  the  Philadelphia 
Association,  and  the  way  was  soon  opened  for  his 
great  work. 

The  "  Elders  and  Messengers  of  the  several  con- 
gregations bapti'/.eil  on  profession  of  faith  in  Penn- 
sylvania, New  .Jersey,  and  Provinces  adjacent.''  at 
Philadelphia,  on  Oct.  .i,  IToO,  passed  the  following 
resolution  : 

"  Concluded  to  raise  a  sum  of  money  toward  the 
encouragement  of  a  Latin  grammar  school,  for  the 
promotion  of  learning  among  us,  under  the  care  of 


Brother  Isaac  Eaton,  and  the  inspection  of  our 
brethren,  Abel  Mor<:an,  Isaac  .Stelle,  Abel  Griffith, 
and  Peter  B.  Van  Horn." 

The  s(!hool  was  opened  under  this  comprehensive 
resolution.  While  men  who  became  eminent  in  di- 
vinity went  out  from  the  teaching  and  influence  of 
that  wonderful  man,  other  professions  were  well  rep- 
resented. Eaton  was  the  first  teacher  among  Ameri- 
can Baptists  who  opened  a  school  for  the  education  of 
young  men  for  the  ministry.  Among  his  students 
were  James  Manning,  D.D.,  first  president  of  Rhode 
Island  College  (now  Brown  University),  said  to 
have  been  Eaton's  first  student;  Samuel  Jones, 
D.D.,  Ilezekiah  Smith,  D.D.,  David  Jones,  A.M., 
Isaac  Skillman,  D.D..  a  number  of  physicians  (.Mr. 
Eaton  had  studied  medicine,  and  practised  among 
the  poor),  and  several  members  of  the  legal  profes- 
sion. Mr.  Eaton  died  before  attaining  old  age. 
The  tablet  erected  to  his  memory,  first  in  the  meet- 
ing-house, and  now  in  the  cemetery  ofthe  Hope- 
well church,  has  this  inscription  : 

"To  the  front  of  this  are  deposited  the  remains 

of  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  A.M.,  who  for  upwards  of  26 

years  was  pastor  of  this  church,  from  the  care  of 

which  he  was  removed  by  death,  on  the  4th  of  July, 

1772,  in  the  forty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

In  him  with  prace  ami  eminence  did  shine 
Tiie  man,  the  Cliristian,  schular,  and  divine." 

He  left  little  of  his  literary  productions.  There 
is  a  charge  delivered  at  the  ordin,ation  of  his  pupil 
and  intimate  friend.  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  A.M., 
Jan.  2,  1763,  which  is  full  of  wise  counsels  very 
happily  expressed.  Dr.  Jones  preached  Mr.  Eaton's 
funeral  sermon.  His  subject  w.as  •'  Resignation,"' 
and  his  text  Job  i.  21.  Toward  the  close  of  the  dis- 
course, having  mentioned  the  intimacy  between 
them,  he  says,  "It  might  be  expected  I  should  say 
something  concerning  him  ;  jind  verily  much  might 
be  said  with  the  greatest  truth.  The  natural  en- 
dowments of  his  mind  :  the  improvement  of  these 
by  the  accomplishments  of  literature;  his  early, 
genuine,  and  unaffected  piety:  his  abilities  as  a 
divine  and  a  preacher ;  his  extensive  knowledge 
of  men  and  books  ;  his  Catholicism,  prudence,  and 
able  counsels,  together  with  a  view  of  him  in  the 
different  relations,  both  public  and  private,  that  he 
sustained  through  life  with  so  much  honor  to  him- 
self and  happiness  to  all  who  h.ad  connection  with 
him,  would  afford  ample  scope,  had  I  but  abilities, 
time,  and  inclination,  to  flourish  in  a  funeral  ora- 
tion. But  it  is  needless,  for  the  bare  mentioning 
them  is  enough  to  revive  the  idea  of  him  in  the 
minds  of  all  who  know  him." 

The  house  in  which  Mr.  Eaton  conducted  the  first 
institution  for  the  education  of  Baptist  ministers  on 
this  continent  is  still  in  the  village  of  Hopewell, 
N.  J.,  on  the  Bnunil  Brook  Railroad.  The  struc- 
ture is  a  substantial  frame  building,  in  good  con- 


EATON 


35S 


EATON 


dition,  located  near  tlie  Calvary  Baptist  church,  and 
not  far  from  the  OldScliool  Baptist  cliurch  edifice, 
in  whicli  the  descendants  of  the  people  to  whom  lie 
ministered  are  accustomed  to  meet  for  the  worship 
of  God. 

Eaton,  Rev,  Jeremiah  S.,  was  born  in  Weare, 
N.  II.,  ill  .June,  IS  ID.  llo  was  a  graduate  of  Union 
Collei^e  in  the  class  of  1835.  lie  tonk  the  full 
course  of  study  at  Newton,  graduating  in  1839. 
lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Hartford,  Conu.,  Nov.  13,  1839.  He  re- 
mained in  Hartford  five  years,  and  then  accepted  a 
call  to  the  Free  Street  church,  in  Portland,  Me., 
which  connection  lie  held  for  ten  years.  Ill  health 
compelled  him  to  resign  in  ISo-l.  lie  died  at 
Portland,  Sept.  27,  lS5f>. 

Eaton,  Joseph  H.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Berlin, 
Delaware  Co.,  0.,  Sept.  10.  IS12.  His  father  died 
when  he  was  achild,  and  he  was  brought  up  by  his 
mother,  a  woman  of  great  force  of  character  and  re- 
markable for  her  strong  faith  in  God.  Once  during 
his  childhood  he  was  supposed  to  be  dead,  tin;  phy- 
sician pronounced  him  dead,  and  only  the  child's 
mother  doubted  the  statement.  She  maintained,  in 
despite  of  all  appearances,  that  the  boy  still  lived, 
because  he  was  a  child  of  too  many  prayers  to  die 
so  young.  She  believed  that  God  liad  a  work  for 
liiin  to  do,  and  the  child  recovered.  He  made  rapid 
progress  in  his  studies  in  the  neighboring  schools, 
and  it  was  soon  necessary  for  him  to  seek  larger 
advantages  for  study.  Being  the  youngest  son, 
his  moflier  parted  with  him  with  great  reluctance, 
saying,  ''-Joseph,  I  have  but  a  little  while  to  live. 
I  believe  God  has  a  work  for  you,  and  you  must 
be  educated  to  fit  you  for  it,  and  hence  you  must 
go."  He  accordingly  left  home  and  entered  Worth- 
ington  Academy.  His  brother,  George  AV^.  Eaton, 
was  at  this  time  professor  in  Georgetown  College. 
Ky.,  and  afterwards  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and 
Theological  Institution,  N.  Y.  Joseph,  after  finish- 
ing his  course  at  the  academy,  went  to  Georgetown, 
Ky.,  where  he  studied  until  his  brother  left,  M- 
lowing  him  to  Hamilton,  where  he  graduated  in 
1837.  In  the  same  year  he  removed  to  Davidson 
Co.,  Tenn.,  where  he  taught  school  for  six  months, 
and  thence  went  to  FayetteviUe,  Tenn.,  to  take 
charge  of  an  academy.  Here  he  remained  three 
years.  In  1841  he  was  elected  a  professor  in  the 
new  Baptist  institution  at  Murfreesborough,  Tenn., 
and  in  1847  he  was  appointed  its  president,  it  being 
named  the  Union  University.  He  was  ordained  in 
1843;  was  pastor  in  .Murfreesborough,  and  of  sev- 
eral country  churches,  preaching  every  Sunday, 
and  faithfully  teaching  in  the  class-room,  until  he 
impaired  his  health  by  excessive  labors,  and  died 
Jan.  12,  18.i9.  Dr.  Eaton  was  a  man  of  great 
earnestness,  laboring  with  an  untiring  zeat  that 
nothing  could  thwart.      As   an  educator    he  had 


but  few  equals,  being  distinguished  for  his  power 
of  imparting  instruction  and  stimulating  a  love  of 
knowledge  ;  for  a  thorough  control  over  students, 
shown  in  discipline  and  in  influence  upon  tlieir 
characters  ;  and  for  his  abijity  to  win  the  affection 
of  his  pupils.  As  a  pi-eacher,  Dr.  Eaton  was  earnest 
and  impressive,  of  impassioned  utterance  and  rapid 
delivery.  His  power  to  fi.x  attention  and  impress 
his  thoughts  upon  his  liearers  has  seldom  been 
erpialcd.  He  won  the  enthusiastic  devotion  of  those 
who  knew  him,  of  all  classes  and  grades  of  society. 
His  fellow-ministers,  professors,  the  churches  to 
which  ho  preached,  his  many  'students,  and  his 
servants,  all  loved  him  as  few  men  ai-e  loved.  Hand- 
some in  person,  gracious  in  presence,  genial  in 
manners,  and  winning  in  conversation,  he  was  emi- 
nent in  the  qualities  which  make  men  charming  in 
the  home  circle,  as  he  was  in  those  which  make  a 
great  teacher  and  preacher.  There  was  about  him 
a  sense  of  reserved  power.  The  strength  of  the  man 
was  always  felt  lieneath  his  gonial  graciousness. 
His  children  and  his  students  would  fiice  any 
danger  rather  than  have  him  know  that  they  had 
been  guilty  of  a  dishonorable  action,  so  much  did 
they  dread  the  glance  of  his  eye,  so  much  did  they 
value  his  approving  smile.  His  virtues  live  in  the 
momories  of  all  who  know  him. 

Eaton,  Thomas  Treadwell,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Murfreesborough,  Tenn.,  Nov.  16,  184.5,  and  was 
educated  partly  at  the  Union  University,  Tenn., 
partly  at  Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  and  partly  at 
AVasliington"  College,  Lexington,  Va.  Dr.  Eaton 
was  pastor  at  Lebanon  and  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
and  lie  is  now  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Petcrsliurg,  Va.  From  18fi7  to  1872  he  was  pro- 
fessor in  Union  University,  Murfreesborough,  Tenn. 
He  has  published  a  small  volume,  "The  Angels,'' 
issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society, 
and  he  has  contributed  to  many  of  the  denomina- 
tional papers,  cliiefly  the  Relif/ioiis  Herald,  of  Vir- 
ginia. During  1870-71  he  was  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  Christian  Herald,  of  Tennessee,  and  he  is 
prominent  in  all  denominational  meetings.  He  is 
a  vigorous  and  polished  writer,  and  a  man  of  ripe 
culture.  Dr.  Eaton  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Washington  and  Lee  University,  Va.,  in  1878. 

Eaton,WilIiam  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Goffs- 
town,  N.  II.,  Sept.  4,  1818,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1845.  He  took 
the  full  course  of  study  at  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  graduating  in  the  cla.ss  of  1848.  His 
ordination  took  place  in  August,  1849,  and  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  from  1849  to  1854.  Having  resigned  his 
pastorate,  he  accepted  an  a|ipointmciit  as  an  agent 
to  solicit  fuiids  for  the  endowmentof  the  New  Lon- 
don Academy.  Returning  to  the  active  duties  of 
the  ministry,   he  became    pastor    of   the   Baptist 


ECCLES 


359 


EDDY 


church  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  flourishing  churches  in  the  State.  Here  he 
remained  four  years.  Henext  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment to  act  as  an  aj^ent  to  raise  funds  for  the  better 
endowment  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution. 
"  By  his  quiet,  patient,  and  well-directed  eSbrts," 
says  Dr.  Ilovey  in  his  historical  address,  "  comple- 
mented at  the  last  by  the  powerful  exertions  of  a 
few  distinguished  Itrethren,  the  sum  of  S-00,000  was 
raised  by  subscription,  and  in  amounts  varying  fiom 
$1  to  SlSjOUO."'  Dr.  Ilovey  also  remarks,  "  A  fort- 
night, more  or  less,  before  the  time  for  completing 
this  subscription  expired,  a  meeting  of  the  sub- 
scribers was  held  in  Treniont  Temple,  Boston,  at 
which  Dr.  Eaton  stated  that  he  had  secured  pledges 
to  the  amount  of  about  §177,500,  but  could  not 
obtain  the  required  sum,  §200,000.  Thereupon 
Gardner  Colby  and  J.  Warren  Merrill  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  raise  the  subscription  to 
§210,000.  The  time  for  doing  this  was  short,  but 
the  task  proposed  was  accomplished."  Having  com- 
pleted his  work  as  the  agent  of  the  Xewton  Theo- 
logical Institution,  Dr.  Eaton  returned  to  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry  by  accepting,  in  1872,  an 
invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Keene,  N.  II.,  where  he  is  now  living. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Eaton  in  I.S(J7  by  Brown  University,  of 
which  he  was  aippuiritod  a  trustee  in  1870. 

Eccles,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  the  County 
of  Roscommon,  Ireland,  and  for  a  time  was  a  mer- 
chant in  his  native  country.  Afterwards  he  went 
to  France  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  terrible 
Btruirgles  of  the  revolution  of  1792-93,  until  sick- 
ened by  the  enormities  practised  in  the  name  of 
liberty,  he  resigned  his  commission  and  came  to 
this  country. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  in  South  Carolina  he  was 
converted  and  united  with  the  Baptists.  Called  of 
God  to  the  ministry,  he  spent  four  years  in  literary 
and  theohigical  studies,  and  entered  upon  the  active 
duties  of  the  pastorate.  His  labors  were  greatly 
blessed  for  years,  and  when  his  prospects  were 
unusually  bright  he  passed  into  the  heavenly  rest, 
on  the  12tli  of  August,  180S. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  ze.alous  and  energetic,  and 
manifested  acfjuaintance  with  the  heart  and  con- 
science, whic'li  he  addressed  with  great  power.  He 
endured  liis  last  sufferings  with  calm  submission  to 
the  will  of  I'rovideni-e.  unci  he  died  full  of  peace. 

Eddy,  Daniel  C,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  May  21,  lS2.3,aiul  was  baptized  July  3,  1842, 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
that  city.  After  the  completion  of  his  literary  and 
theulogic-al  education  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  .Jan. 
2,  1840,  and  was  ordained  in  the  same  month.  This 
relation  continued  for  ten  years,   and   they  were 


years  of  great  prosperity  with  the  church.  The 
whole  number  added  to  it  was  lOO.i,  of  which  6.37 
were  baptized.  In  18.50,  Dr.  Eddy  went  abroad  to 
recruit  his  health,  which  was  impaired  by  long-con- 


D.1X1EL    r.   EDDV,    D.U. 

tinned  ministerial  laVjor.  In  1854,  a  year  which  is 
embraced  within  the  period  when  what  was  known 
as  the  American,  or  "Know-Nothing"  party  had 
so  prominent  a  place  in  the  politics  of  the  country, 
Dr,  Eddy  was  chosen  as  a  representative  from 
Lowell  to  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and, 
quite  unexpectedly  to  himself,  he  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House.  Without  having  had  any 
experience  in  presiding  over  a  deliberative  assem- 
bly, he  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  so  satis- 
factorily that  the  Hmise  passed  a  unanimous  vote 
thanking  him  "  for  t,he  promptness,  ability,  and 
urbanity  with  which  he  had  performed  the  duties 
of  presiding  officer  during  the  prolonged  delibera- 
tions of  the  present  session." 

In  1850,  Dr.  Eddy  was  called  to  the  Harvard 
Street  church  in  Boston,  and  installed  as  pastor  on 
the  last  Lord's  day  in  December.  Twice  during 
this  pastorate  Dr.  Eildy  went  abroad,  extending  his 
visit  the  second  time  to  the  Holy  Land.  Four  hun- 
dred and  seventy-eight  persons  were  received  by 
letter  and  by  baptism  into  the  Harvard  Street 
ehnrcli  wliile  Dr.  Eddy  was  its  minister. 

In  November,  1862,  a  call  was  extended  to  Dr. 
Eddy  by  the  Tabernacle  church  in  Philadelphia. 
He  accepted  it,  and  was  installed  Nov.  0,  1862, 
remaining  there  two  years,  when  he  was  invited  to 
the  Baldwin  Place  church  in  Boston.     The  church 


KDD  r 


360 


EDO REN 


for  various  reasons,  cliietiy  on  account  of  the  un- 
favoralile  location  of  their  house  of  worship,  had 
become  very  much  reduced  in  numbers.  A  cliani;e 
of  location  carri«'(l  them  to  the  "  South  End,"  where 
a  new  churoli  edifice  was  erected  in  Warren  Avenue, 
an  almost  entirely  new  cunsreuation  i;atliercd,  and 
prosperity  attended  the  enterprise.  Dr.  Eddy  was 
called  from  Boston  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Fall  Iliver,  Mass.,  and  returned  again  to  Boston  to 
enter  upon  a  worl<  in  which  for  many  years  he  had 
taken  a  <liH'p  interest, — the  opening  of  a  place  of 
worship  at  the  "  South  End''  on  the  free  system. 
Various  circumstances  combined  to  make  the  en- 
terprise not  so  successful  as  he  desired,  and  it  was 
abandoned.  lie  is  now  the  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Hyde  Park,  one  of  the  pleasant  suburban  villages 
in  the  neighliorliood  of  Biistoh. 

Dr.  Eddy  has  written  a  large  num>)er  of  books, 
some  of  which,  especially  his  "  Young  Man's 
Friend,"  have  ha<l  a  very  extended  circulation. 
Several  books,  the  result  of  his  travels  abroad,  have 
also  been  widely  circulated.  Few  of  our  ministers 
have  had  a  move  active  and  successful  ministry 
than  Dr.  Eddy,  and  few  ministers  have  superior 
ability,  culture,  and  piety.  Harvard  College  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  IS.').'),  and 
Madison  University  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  ISuO. 

Eddy,  Herman  J.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Marion, 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  10,  1810;  baptized  in  1827  ; 
studied  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  In- 
stitution ;  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Madi- 
son University,  and  D.D.  from  Shurtleff  College  ; 
was  ordained  at  Marion  in  1834.  His  first  settle- 
ment as  pastor  was  in  Scipio,  N.  Y.  After  five 
years  of  successful  labor  he  accepted  the  call  of 
the  church  in  Jordan.  In  1849  he  took  cliarge  of 
the  Cannon  Street  Baptist  church.  New  York.  In 
IS.'iG  he  became  p:istor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Bloomington,  111.,  where  he  founded  the  Illi- 
nois liaplist,  which  was  subsequently  consolidated 
with  the  Christian  Times,  now  The  Standard, 
of  Chicago.  In  l.SOl  he  was  commissioned  chap- 
lain of  the  33d  Regiment  of  III.  Vols.,  known  in 
the  West  as  the  Normal  Regiment.  After  two 
years'  service  becoming  disabled  he  resigned  and 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Belvidere,  111.  In  18l>',)  he  was  called  to  the 
Central  Baptist  church  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  He 
was  prospered  in  all  his  settlements:  in  the  last 
three  the  churches  built  new  and  large  houses  of 
worship.  Wiien  in  New  York  he  was  a  memlier 
of  the  board  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society,  and  afterwai-ds  of  the  American  Bilile 
Union,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders.  He 
is  the  author  oT  several  printed  sermons  and  public 
addresses,  and  was  the  regular  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Re-order  ami  the  Michigan  Christian 
Herald.     He  has  also  contributed  to  the  Standard, 


of  Chicago,  the  Baptist  Weekly,  and  other  journals 
of  -New  York.  An  injury  caused  by  a  fall  in  1873 
induced  him  to  retire  from  pastoral  work,  since 
which  he  has  resiilecl  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

Eddy,  Richard  Evans,  was  born  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  duly  I'.t,  1SII2,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  1822.  On  leaving  college 
he  went  into  business  in  his  native  city,  and  con- 
tinued in  it  till  1841,  when  he  wa.s  appointed 
deputy  collector  of  the  port  of  Providence,  which 
office  ho  held  fir  four  years.  In  1S4.5  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union,  and  removed  to  Boston,  where  he 
became  an  active  and  much  beloved  member  of 
Dr.  Baron  Stow's  church.  For  nine  years  he  held 
the  office  to  which  he  had  been  chosen,  greatly  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  society.  His  official  rela- 
tions to  his  missionary  brethren  were  of  the  most 
tender  nature;  he  endeared  himself  to  them  by 
his  interest  in  their  work,  and  his  sympathy  with 
them  in  all  their  trials.  The  state  of  his  health 
obliged  him  to  resign  his  office  in  1854,  and  he  re- 
turned to  his  old  home  in  Providence.  For  the 
last  fourteen  years  of  bis  life  he  held  the  office  of 
deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  (duirch,  of  the  Sabbath- 
school  connecteii  with  which  he  had  at  an  earlier 
period  in  his  life  been  for  nine  years  the  superin- 
tendent.    He  died  in  Providence,  April  29,  1870. 

Edgren,  John  Alexis,  D.D.,  the  head  of  the 

Scandinavian  de|i;irtinent  in  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Morgan  Park,  III.,  was  born  in  Wermlnnd, 
Sweden,  in  1839.  After  passing  through  the  pre- 
paratory department  of  the  elementary  school  of 
Carlstad  he  went  to  sea  in  18.'i2,  sailing  in  shi|i8  of 
five  diflFerent  nations.  In  1857  he  was  converted 
while  atsca.and  in  1858  was  baptized.  Entering  the 
navigation  school  at  Stockholm,  be  graduate<i  in  1859 
with  the  highest  honors  conferred  in  Sweden  upon 
naval  students.  He  then  returned  to  the  sea,  sail- 
ing as  mate  and  second  mate  of  Swedish  vessels. 
In  ISfi2  he  was  examined  as  teacher  of  navigation, 
and  passed  successfully.  In  that  year  he  came  to 
this  country,  and  as  the  war  was  in  progress  he 
entered  the  U.  S.  navy  as  acting  ensign,  and  sub- 
sequently served  as  sailing-master.  In  ISfiS  he 
resigned  and  attended  lectures  in  Princeton  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  Again,  in  1864,  he  entered  the 
navy,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  the  U.  S. 
steamer  "  Catalpa."  sailing  fmm  Philadelphia  to 
the  Charleston  blockade.  Subsequently  he  vol- 
unteered for  service  at  the  naval  battery  en  Mor- 
ris Island,  and  participated  in  several  engage- 
ments. In  1865  he  finally  resigned  and  left  the 
sea,  fully  determined  to  obey  the  call  he  had  long 
been  con.seions  of  to  preach  the  gospel.  His  first 
service  was  as  colporteur  and  missionary  of  (he 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  In  the  fall 
of  1805  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  theology  at 


EDUCATIONAL 


361 


EDWARDS 


Madison  University,  and  in  1S(J6  was  appointed  by 
the  Missionary  Union  a  missionary  to  Sweden. 
Upon  returning  to  America  in  1870  he  was  called 
to  tlie  pastorate  of  the  Swedish  Baptist  church  in 
Chicago,  with  an  appropriation  from  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  In  the  fall  of  1871 
he  began  giving  instruction  at  the  theological  semi- 
nary to  Scandinavian  students,  liimself  pursuing 
study  in  the  seminary  at  the  same  time,  and  grad- 
uating in  1872.  The  interest  awakened  by  his  work 
as  instructor  of  Scandinavian  students  in  various 
branches  of  theology  eventuated  in  the  founding 
of  the  Scandinavian  department  as  a  permanent 
branch  of  the  seminary  work. 

At  the  present  date  (1880)  29  students  have 
graduated  from  this  department,  and  have  become 
ministers  of  the  gospel  among  their  own  people. 
Hundreds  under  their  preaching  have  professed 
conversion  and  have  been  baptized.  With  the 
work  of  instruction  Prof.  Edgren  has  associated 
the  editing  of  a  Swedish  religious  paper.  Six 
other  religious  pulilications  are  fruits  of  his  pen. 

Educational  Institution  for  Ministers,  The 
First  American  Baptist. — ^See  article  on  Rev. 
Isaac  Katox,  A.M. 

Edwards,  Dr.  Benjamin  F.,  was  born  in  .Alary- 
land,  July  2,  1797,  and  converted  in  Kentucky  in 
1826.  He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1827,  and  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  in  1845.  He  died  in  Kirkwood,  Mo., 
in  April,  1877. 

Dr.  Edwards  held  a  distinguished  position  as  a 
medical  practitioner.  He  had  a  superior  intellect, 
richly  furnished  with  the  results  of  extensive  rea<l- 
ing  and  study.  He  was  popular  in  social  gather- 
ings, and  greatly  beloved  by  a  very  numerous  circle 
of  friends  and  acquaintances.  His  golden  wedding 
in  1869  was  an  occasion  of  great  joy  to  the  larse 
numbers  whose  congratulations  the  aged  and  hon- 
ored couple  received  at  the  time  of  its  celebration. 
and  to  the  whole  community  in  which  Dr.  Edwards 
was  so  highly  esteemed. 

He  loved  the  Saviour  and  his  people,  and  cher- 
ished his  own  church  with  peculiar  affection.  To 
him  tliere  was  no  book  like  the  Bible,  reverence 
for  which  increased  with  his  advancing  years.  Ho 
held  tenaciously  the  doctrines  and  practices  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  and  his  faith  was  proved  by  a 
consecrated  life. 

While  living  in  Edwardsville,  111.,  the  first  mis- 
sionary Baptist  church  in  that  State  was  formed 
in  his  residence,  April  IS,  1S2S.  He  assisted  at  the 
organization  of  the  Edwardsville  Baptist  As.eocia- 
tion,  Oct.  16,  18.30.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
trustees  of  Shurtleff  College  in  18.'!6.  This  great 
and  good  man  expired  in  the  triumphs  of  faith. 

Edwards,  Cyrus,  LL.D.— -Although  Dr.  Ed- 
wards became  actually  the  member  of  a  Baptist 
church  only  in  his  eighty-first  year,  he  was  the 
24 


friend  and  supporter  of  such  churches  through 
many  years,  as  also  of  Shurtleff  College,  in  Upper 
Alton,  which  place  was  his  home  during  the  later 
portion  of  his  life.  He  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  Md.,  Jan.  17,  1793,  his  family  being  of  Welsh 
origin,  and  residents  of  Virginia,  until  his  father's 
removal  to  Maryland  in  17')0,  from  the  earliest 
colonial  times.  In  18(H)  his  father  removed  to 
Bardstown,  Ky.,  in  which  place  Cyrus  attended  a 
private  academy  kept  by  Mr.  Daniel  Barry.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and 
removing  to  Illinois,  was  in  1815  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Kaskaskia.  After  this  event  he  removed  to 
Potosi,  Mo.,  sixty  miles  south  of  St.  Louis.  In 
Missouri  he  became  the  personal  friend  of  Thomas 
II.  Benton  and  other  eminent  persons,  and  he  ac- 
quired marked  distinction  in  his  profession.  After 
some  fourteen  years'  residence  in  Missouri,  Mr. 
Edwards  removed  to  Edwardsville,  111.,  a  town 
named  for  his  brother,  Hon.  Xinian  Edwards,  one 
of  the  early  governors  of  Illinois  while  3-et  a  Terri- 
tory. 

In  1832  he  became  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Legislature,  and  so  continued  until  1840,  when  he 
retired  from  polities  until  summoned  again  to  pulj- 
lic  duties  by  the  exciting  events  of  1860.  His  en- 
tire efforts  for  his  fellow-citizens  were  characterized 
by  integrity,  high  principle,  and  signal  ability. 

As  a  friend  of  education  Dr.  Edwards  is  espe- 
cially remembered.  He  was  one  of  the  most  lib- 
eral friends  of  Shurtleff  College,  having  given  to 
it  at  one  time  real  estate  valued  at  $10,000,  be- 
sides other  generous  donations.  For  a  period  of 
thirty-five  j'ears  he  was  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  He  was  also  most  active  in  the  orig- 
ination of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Bloora- 
ington.  In  the  eighty-first  ye.ar  of  his  age  Dr. 
Edwards  was  baptized  inio  the  fellowship  of  the 
Upper  Alton  church,  and  remained  in  its  commu- 
nion until  his  death. 

In  1837  he  was  a  candidate  for  governor  of  Illi- 
nois, and  he  only  failed  because  his  political  friends 
were  in  a  hopeless  minority. 

The  Alton  Weekh/  Tehymph  of  Sept.  6,  1877, 
speaking  of  him,  saj's,  "  With  Hon.  Cyrus  Ed- 
wards has  passed  away  one  of  the  most  prominent 
men  in  the  early  history  of  Illinois,  whose  residence 
therein  was  coeval  with  the  existence  of  the  State 
government.  Of  the  famous  men  of  earlier  days 
who  made  the  pioneer  history  of  Illinois  brilliant, 
few  stand  out  with  greater  prominence,  and  few 
are  more  worthy  of  grateful  remembrance  than 
Mr.  Edwards.  In  all  the  great  movements  in  the 
early  history  of  the  State  his  name  is  conspicuous, 
and  in  all  it  is  recorded  with  honor.  He  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  statesmen  who,  prior  to  the 
year  1840,  wielded  the  destinies  of  Illinois."  When 
I  he  passed  away  a  great  American  citizen  fell,  and 


EDWARDS 


362 


EDWARDS 


an  illustrious  servant  of  Christ  entered  upon  his 
reward. 

Edwards,  Hervey,  a  native  of  Onondaga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  l)i!tter  known  as  Deacon  Edwards,  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  a  devoted  Christian,  and  a 
zealous  promoter  of  all  the  interests  of  the  Bap- 
tist denomination.  He  was  baptized  in  1830  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Fayetteville  Baptist  church 
by  Rev.  Charles  Morton.  He  was  specially  con- 
spicuous in  his  support  of  ministerial  education, 
holilin.n  a  position  as  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
university  and  Educatiim  Society  at  Hamilton. 

Edwards,  Rev.  James  Jesse,  a  distinguished 
missionary,  was  born  in  Lee  Co.,  Va.,  Deo.  30,  1824. 
In  Juno,  1842,  he  obtained  hope  in  Christ  and 
joined  the  Methodist  Church.  Subsequently,  upon 
a  change  of  religious  opinions,  he  united  with  a  Bap- 
tist church.  In  June,  1850,  he  was  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry,  and  labored  some  years  in  his 
native  county,  his  field  being  the  mountainous  dis- 
tricts of  Western  Virginia  and  Eastern  Kentucky. 
Mr.  Edwards  received  but  little  compensation  for 
preaching,  and  his  circumstances  compelled  him  to 
adopt  secular  employment  to  support  his  family. 
Ilis  ministry  was  attended  with  the  most  wonder- 
ful results.  After  a  few  years  he  moved  to  Clay 
County,  and  finally  to  Estill  Co.,  Ky.,  where  his 
labors  in  the  same  rugged  fields  were  greatly  blessed. 
During  a  few  years  he  received  a  partial  support  as 
missionary  of  the  General  Association  of  Kentucky, 
and  his  reports  indicate  that  he  traveled  3(),T30 
miles.  A  large  jjortion  of  this  was  accomplished 
on  foot,  and  the  remainder  on  horseback. 

He  has  now  been  preaching  thirty  years,  and  has 
baptized  over  .5000  professed  believers  in  Christ  and 
organized  3.5  churches. 

Edwards,  Rev.  Morgan,  was  born  in  Wales, 
May  '.I,  1722.  Ho  was  educated  at  Bristol  College 
under  Bernard  Foskett,  its  first  president.  He  was 
ordained  June  1,  1T.57,  in  Cork,  Ireland,  where  he 
labored  for  nine  years.  lie  returned  to  England 
and  preached  for  a  year  in  Rye,  in  Sussex,  when, 
through  the  recommendation  of  Dr.  Gill  ami  others, 
on  the  application  iif  tne  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delphia, he  came  to  that  city  ami  church,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  pastorate  May  23,  1761. 

In  1770  he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  text,  "  This 
year  thou  shalt  die,'"  which  by  many  was  regarded 
as  his  intended  funeral  sermon,  as  it  is  said  that  he 
expected  to  die  on  a  particular  day.  But  he  was 
disappointed  when  the  day  of  death  dawned  and 
departed,  for  instead  of  expiring  he  live<l  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century  after.  Circumstances  led  to 
his  resignation  that  year,  though  he  continued  to 
preach  for  a  considerable  period  later. 

After  his  departure  from  Philadelphia  he  never 
assumed  the  duties  of  the  pastorate  in  any  other 
church.     He  resided  in  Delaware.      He  supplied 


vacant  churches  till  the  Revolution,  during  which 
he  gave  up  preaching,  and  after  peace  was  ]iro- 
elaimed  he  gave  lectures  on  Divinity  in  various 
parts  of  Pennsylvania,  Now  Jersey,  Delaware,  and 
New  England.  He  died  at  Pcncador,  Del.,  Jan. 
28,  1795. 

Mr.  Edwards  took  the  side  of  the  mother-country 
during  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  One  reason 
given  for  this  course  was  that  he  had  a  son  an  offi- 
cer in  the  service  of  Great  Britain.  He  was  the 
only  Tory  in  the  ministry  of  the  American  Baptist 
churches.  The  Baptists  everywhere  over  this  land, 
ministers  and  laymen,  were  enthusiastic  friends  of 
liberty. 

Morgan  Edwards  was  a  man  of  refined  manners, 
and  shone  to  peculiar  advantage  in  good  society. 
He  was  the  master  of  scholarly  attainments,  and  he 
was  accustomed  to  say,  "The  Greek  and  Hebrew 
are  the  two  eyes  of  a  minister,  and  the  translations 
ai'e  but  commentaries,  because  they  vary  in  sense 
as  commentators  do."'  His  attachment  to  Baptist 
principles  was  intense,  and  no  man  since  the  days 
of  the  Apostles  ever  showed  greater  love,  or  made 
more  costly  sacrifices  for  them  than  he  did.  He 
was  full  of  generosity,  he  would  give  anything  to 
a  friend  or  to  a  cause  dear  to  him.  Edwards  was  a 
man  of  uncommon  genius.  In  his  day  no  Baptist 
minister  equaled  him,  and  none  since  his  time  has 
surpassed  him. 

lie  was  the  founder  of  Brown  University,  at  first 
called  Rhode  Island  College.  It  is  well  known  that 
this  enterprise  was  started  in  the  Philadelphia  Bap- 
tist Association  in  its  meeting  in  1762,  and  Morgan 
Edwards  was  "  the  principal  mover  in  this  matter," 
as  he  was  the  most  active  agent  in  securing  funds 
for  the  permanent  support  of  the  institution.  To 
Moriran  Edwards  more  than  to  any  other  man  are 
the  Baptist  churches  of  America  indebted  for  their 
grand  list  of  institutions  of  learning,  with  their 
noble  endowments  and  wide-spread  infiuenee. 

But  we  owe  him  another  heavy  debt  for  his 
"  Materials  Towards  a  History  of  the  Baptists." 
etc.  He  journeyed  from  New  Hampshire  to 
Georgia  gathering  facts  for  a  history  of  the  Bap- 
tists, and  these  "  Materials,"  printed  or  penned, 
are  the  most  valuable  Baptist  records  in  onrcduntry. 
They  show  immense  painstaking,  they  are  remark- 
ably accurate,  they  treat  of  points  of  great  value. 
Morgan  Edwards  and  Robert  B.  Semple,  of  Vir- 
ginia, deserve  the  lasting  gratitude  of  every  Amer- 
ican Baptist  in  a  fervent  measure.  This  great 
Welshman  has  conferred  favors  upon  American 
Baptists  not  second  to  those  of  his  illustrious 
countrvman  who  founded  Rhode  Island. 

Edwards,  Prof.  P.  C,  was  bom  near  Society 
Hill,  Darlington  Co.,  S.  C,  Feb.  8,  1819;  was  bap- 
tized in  his  seventeenth  year  ;  died  in  Greenville, 
S.  C,  May  15,  1867.    lie  was  graduated  with  honor 


EG  AN 


363 


ELDER 


in  the  Soiitli  Ciiroliiia  College,  where  he  remiiined 
through  the  ensuing  winter  and  spring,  diligently 
studying  as  resident  graduate.  He  took  a  full 
course  at  Newton,  under  Drs.  Sears,  Ripley,  Chase, 
and  llackett,  and  spent  a  winter  in  New  York,  to 
enjoy  the  benefit  of  instruction  by  Dr.  Itobinson, 
of  tlie  Union  Theological  Seminary.  In  l.s4tj  he 
became  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Exe- 
gesis in  Furman  Theological  Institution,  then  lo- 
cated in  Fairfield  District,  S.  C. ;  after  its  removal 
to  Greenville,  and  its  expansion  into  Furman  Uni- 
versity, he  became  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages 
in  the  collegiate  department. 

His  intellect  was  massive,  its  movements  not 
rapid.  lie  never  jumped  at  conclusions;  often 
liesitated  where  men  of  less  breadth  of  view 
would  have  terminated  discussion.  To  this  result 
his  conscientiousness  contributed.  His  regard  for 
truth  was  reverential;  patient  and  painstaking  in 
investigation  himself,  he  yet  showed  the  most 
amiable  deference  for  the  opinions  of  others.  His 
iieart  was  formed  for  the  tenderest  and  most  en- 
during friendships  ;  deeply  humble  and  devout,  he 
made  tlie  impression  on  all  minds  of  a  good  min- 
ister of  Jesus  Christ.  He  died  suddenly,  in  the 
very  prime  of  his  powers.  On  Sunday  he  preached 
a  long  and  most  impressive  sermon  on  "  Christ,  the 
brightness  of  the  Father's  glory,"  etc.,  and  on 
"Wednesday  he  had  gone  to  gaze  with  unclouded 
vi^ion  on  the  object  of  his  ailoring  love. 

Egan,  Bartholomew,  M.D.,  distinguished  for 
his  classical  attainments  and  liis  professional  skill, 
was  born  in  Killarney,  Ireland,  in  IT'JO,  and  grad- 
uated at  Dublin  University.  lie  was  the  founder 
of  Mount  Lebanon  University,  La.,  and  held  many 
prominent  positions  in  the  State,  as  Presidential 
elector,  surgeon-general  of  Louisiana,  superin- 
tendent of  the  State  Laboratory,  and  one  of  the 
board  of  supervisors  of  the  State  .Seminary.  He 
became  a  Baptist  in  Virginia  in  1S41,  and  from 
1847  until  his  deatli,  in  1879,  he  was  prominently 
connected  with  the  denomination  in  the  State  of 
Louisiana. 

Elder,  Joseph  F.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Portland, 
Mr..  March  111,  ls:;',l.  His  early  educational  ad- 
vantages were  gooil.  His  academic  studies  were 
pursued  at  the  Portland  High  School,  in  which  he 
gave  promise  of  ability  to  fill  the  positions  which 
he  has  since  attained.  In  1800,  when  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  lie  was  grailuated  from  Waterville 
College,  now  Colby  University,  with  the  highest 
honors.  After  his  graduation  he  engaged  in  teach- 
ing, but  his  piety  and  aliility  as  a  speaker  and 
writer  led  the  Free  Street  Baptist  church  to  give 
him  a  license  to  preach.  This  occurred  in  1861. 
Afterwards  he  entered  Rochester  Theological  Sem- 
inary, and  was  graduated  from  it  in  I8()7.  Ho  was 
immediately  called  to  the  pastorate  of  North  Orange 


Baptist  church,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  ordained,  and 
where  he  remained  two  j-ears.  Such  was  his  suc- 
cess as  a  preacher  that  in  1869  he  was  called  to 
follow  Rev.  Dr.  II.  G.  Weston,  now  president  of 


JOSEPH    F.  ELDER,  D.D. 

Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  in  the  pastorate  of 
Madison  Avenue  Baptist  church  of  New  York. 
The  old  and  honored  Oliver  Street  church  had 
united  with  the  Madison  Avenue  church,  but  when 
the  courts  decided  that  the  Oliver  Street  church  was 
not  legally  the  owner  of  the  church  property,  the 
latter  withdrew  with  Dr.  Elder,  and  are  now  build- 
ing a  church  edifice  which- promises  to  be  in  all  re- 
spects quite  equal  to  the  spacious  and  beautiful 
house  which  they  left  in  Madison  Avenue.  Such 
was  his  popularity  that  nearly  all  the  members  of 
the  church  and  congregation  followed  him  to  his 
new  field  in  Fifty-third  Street. 

As  a  preacher  he  is  an  able  advocate  of  Baptist 
principles,  an  eminently  logical  reasoiier,  dignified, 
earnest,  and  genial  in  manner.  Standing  calmly 
in  his  pulpit,  he  reminds  one  of  the  portraits  of 
Napoleon  Bonaparte.  He  is  indeed  an  able  leader 
and  commander  in  the  armies  of  Israel.  He  is  still 
a  student.  His  sermons,  addresses,  and  essays  give 
evidence  of  patient  and  thorough  research.  His 
conscientious  |iresentation  of  the  whole  truth,  as 
he  and  his  denomination  hold  it,  makes  his  ministry 
a  force  not  only  in  his  congregation,  but  in  the  city 
and  country.  Ilis  illustrations  of  obscure  points 
show  a  wide  range  of  reading  and  a  familiarity 
with  the  mighty  writers  of  the  past  ages.  He  has 
not  yet  reached  the  full  measure  of  influence  and 


ELDER 


364 


ELECTION 


usefulness  which  his  present  attainments  promise 
to  the  churclies. 

Dr.  Elder  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Miulisnn  University  in  1S65. 

Elder,  Rev.  Samuel,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax, Nova  .Scotia  :  converted  and  baptized  in  Corn- 
wallis  in  1839:  graduated  from  Acadia  College  in 
1844;  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  Fred- 
ericton,  New  Brunswick,  in  November,  1845,  and 
80  continued  until  he  died,  Slay  23,  1852.  Mr. 
Elder  was  a  fine  poet  and  an  eloquent  preacher, 
possessed  an  exquisite  style  and  sound  theology. 

Eldred,  Hon.  Caleb,  was  born  in  Pownal,  Vt., 
April  6,  17M,  and  died  in  Climax,  Mich.,  June  29, 
1876.  On  arriving  at  manhood  he  removed  to  Ot- 
sego Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  engaged  in  farming; 
served  his  township  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was 
president  of  the  County  Agricultural  Society.  lie 
was  two  terms  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legisla- 
ture. In  1831  he  i-emoved  to  Kalamazoo  Co., 
Mich.,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
lie  was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  and  was  a  "  side  judge''  of  tlie  Terri- 
torial court.  As  a  Bapti.st  he  is  best  known  as 
one  of  the  founders  of  Kalamazoo  College.  For 
twenty-five  ye.ars  he  was  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees,  and  his  contributions  for  its  support  were 
genernnsand  continuous. 

Eldridge,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  bom  in  Washing- 
ton Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  180.J.  and  died  at  Afton,  Rock  Co., 
Wis.,  aged  seventy-one  years.  He  was  educated  at 
lliimilton,  N.  Y.  He  was  pastor  of  the  churches 
in  Hamilton,  Broad  Street,  Utica,  and  Perry,  N.  Y. ; 
Columbus,  0. ;  Beloit,  Clinton,  Columbus,  and 
Afton,  Wis.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  intellect, 
profound  convictions,  and  an  able  defender  of  the 
faith  and  practice  of  Baptists.  His  last  years  were 
spent  im  his  farm  near  Afton,  AVis.,  where  he  died 
in  L'n-at  peace. 

Election. — Every  man  that  shall  enter  glory 
was  elected  of  God  to  that  blessed  state,  and  be- 
cause of  such  election  is  prepared  by  the  Holy 
Spirit  for  its  enjoyment.  No  elect  person  can  be 
kept  out  of  heaven. 

When  men  repent  and  put  their  trust  in  Jesus 
they  are  "called  according  to  God's  purpose," — 
Rom.  viii.  28, — that  is,  according  to  his  plan  of 
election,  or  they  would  never  turn  to  the  Saviour. 
Hence  Paul  says,  "  Who  maketh  thee  to  differ?" — 
1  Cor.  iv.  7.  "By  the  grace  of  God,  I  am  what 
I  am." — 1  Cor.  xv.  10.  The  electing  grace  of 
Jehovah  has  placed  every  believer  in  saved  rela- 
tions with  the  Lamb. 

The  entire  elect  were  given  to  Christ  to  redeem, 
"  Christ  hath  redeemed  us  from  the  curse  of  the 
law,  being  made  a  curse  for  us," — Gal.  iii.  13, —  to 
intercede  for,  "  I  pr.ay  for  them.  I  praij  not  for  the 
world,  but  for  them  whom  thou  hast  given  me,  for 


they  are  thine." — John  xvii.  9, — to  bring  safely  to 
heaven,  "  All  that  the  Father  giveth  me  shall  come 
to  me,  and  him  that  cometli  to  me  I  will  in  nowise 
cast  out." — John  vi.  37.  "  My  sheep  hear  my  voice, 
and  I  know  them,  and  they  follow  me,  and  I  give 
unto  them  eternal  life,  and  they  shall  nerer  perish, 
neither  shall  any  pluck  them  out  of  my  hand." — 
John  X.  27,  28. 

God's  election  of  believers  took  place  in  eternity, 
"  According  as  he  hath  chosen  us  in  him,  before 
the  foundation  of  the  world  that  we  should  be  holy 
and  without  ))lame  before  him  in  love." — Eph.  i.  4. 
Before  the  existence  of  the  earth,  the  fall  was  fore- 
seen, and  the  salvation  of  the  elect  gloriously  pro- 
vided for. 

Divine  election  in  the  .Scriptures  has  to  do  exclu- 
sively with  individuals.  Paul  speaks  of  those  that 
love  God  as  persons  "  called  according  to  his  pur- 
pose;" all  men  brought  to  embr.ice  Jesus  are  drawn 
to  him  according  to  God's  electing  purpose.  Saul 
himself,  rushing  with  cruel  haste  to  Damascus. 
"  breathing  out  threatenings  and  slaughter"  against 
the  saints  of  Jesus  and  their  Master,  is  called  into 
the  saved  family.  One  moment  he  is  a  blind  bigot 
full  of  murder,  and  the  next,  solely  through  (Jod's 
call,  he  is  a  trembling  penitent,  crying  for  mercy. 
No  one,  when  the  Saviour  found  him,  heard  the- 
voice  of  Jesus  but  himself.  It  is  addressed  to  him 
alone,  "Saul,  Saul,  why  persecutest  thou  me?" — 
Acts  ix.  4.  And  when  Ananias,  who,  by  divine 
appointment,  visited  him  a  few  days  later,  objected 
to  call  upon  him  on  account  of  his  persecuting 
reputation,  the  Lord  said  to  him,  "  Go  thy  way,  for 
he  is  a  chosen  vessel  unto  me,  to  bear  my  name  be- 
fore the  Gentiles,  and  kings,  and  the  children  of 
Israel."- — ^Acts  ix.  1.5.  Paul  w.as  an  elect  man,  he 
was  chosen  and  called  as  an  individual.  And  sc- 
are all  Christ's  saints.  Zaccheus  was  called  by 
name  out  of  the  boughs  of  the  tree,  and  found  sal- 
vation that  day,  and  this  was  according  to  God's 
purpose  of  election. — Luke  xix.  5.  An  angel  com- 
niiinded  Philip  "to  go  unto  the  way  that  goeth 
down  from  .Jerusalem  unto  Gaza,"  and  seeing  the 
eunuch,  the  Holy  "  .Spirit  said  unto  Philip, 'Go, 
man,  and  join  thyself  to  this  chariot.'" — Acts  viii. 
26-29.  The  eunuch  hears  the  Word  of  life  from 
Philip,  and  is  saved  and  baptized.  But  an  angel 
sends  him  to  the  road  where  he  would  find  this 
solitary  traveler;  the  .Spirit  orders  him  directly  to 
the  man,  and  the  treasurer  receives  an  individual 
call,  according  to  God's  purpose,  for  that  purpo.se 
is  the  election  of  individuals  to  eternal  life.  At 
Antioch  it  is  said,  "  As  many  as  were  ordained  to 
eternal  life  believed,"  not  a  soul  besides.  The- 
election  of  God  had  decreed  the  salvation  of  a 
number  of  persons  who  heard  Paul  and  Barn.a- 
l)as  at  Antioch,  and  the  elect  ones  only,  received 
Jesus.      The    individual    feature    of    election    is 


ELECTION 


365 


EL  KAREY 


strongly  presented  by  tlie  Saviour,  where  he  says 
to  his  disciples,  "  Rejoice  not,  that  the  spirits 
(demons)  are  subject  unto  you,  but  rather  rejoice 
because  your  names  are  written  in  lieaven.  ' — 
Luke  X.  21).  Election  performed  its  work  before 
the  foundation  of  the  world ;  the  names  of  the 
saints  were  enrolled  among  the  coining  citizens 
of  heaven  before  the  birth  of  earthly  ages,  and  the 
elect  in  God's  great  scheme  of  salvation  are  as  much 
individualized  as  the  legatees  of  a  will.  Eternal 
and  personal  election  is  the  undoubted  teaching  of 
the  sacred  volume.  When  Moses  in  ancient  times 
read  the  law  to  Israel,  he  took  blood  and  scarlet 
wool  and  hyssop,  and  sprinkled  the  book  and  all  the 
people  with  blood. — Ileb.  ix.  19.  The  Father,  lii>- 
fore  suns  sent  forth  light,  prepared  the  Lamb's 
book  of  life,  with  the  lingor  of  everlasting  love  he 
wrote  in  it  the  names  of  all  elect  men  and  women, 
and  youths  and  maidens  ;  in  the  fullness  of  time 
the  Saviour  sprinkled  the  book  and  every  name  in 
it  with  his  own  blood,  and  now  there  is  neither  con- 
demnation nor  accusation  for  a  single  one  of  them 
in  this  or  in  any  other  world. 

Men  are  elected  that  they  may  be  made  holy. 
Some  have  dreamt  that  they  were  chosen  because 
they  should  become  saints.  This  doctrine  is  like 
the  baseless  fabric  of  a  vision.  "  God  hath  from 
the  beginning  chosen  you  to  salvation  through 
sanctification  of  the  spirit  and  belief  of  the  truth.'' 
— 2  Thess.  ii.  13.  "  According  as  he  hath  chosen 
us  in  him  before  the  foundation  of  the  world,  that 
we  should  be  holy  and  without  blame  before  him  in 
love." — Eph.  i.  4.  The  cause  of  election  was  not  the 
prospective  holiness  of  the  chosen,  but  the  unpar- 
alleled love  of  God  ;  and  the  chief  object  of  election 
is  to  make  men  holy. 

Men  are  elected  to  salvation.  There  is  an  "  elec- 
tion of  grace,"  hut  none  to  perdition.  "  For  whom 
he  did  foreknow,  he  also  did  predestinate  to  be  con- 
formed to  the  image  of  his  Son,  that  he  mii/ht  he  the 
first-born  amnmj  many  brethren.  Moreover,  whom 
he  did  predestinate,  them  he  also  called  :  and  whom 
be  called,  them  he  also  justified:  and  whom  hejusti- 
tied.them  healso  glorified."' — Rom.  viii.  29,  30.  Pre- 
destination in  this  connection  is  the  equivalent  of 
election.  And  its  first  purpose  is  to  make  men 
like  Christ,  that  he  may  be  at  the  head,  not  of  a 
h;indful  of  brethren,  but  of  a  multitude,  and  its 
other  purpose  is  to  call,  justify,  and  invest  with 
lieaveniy  glory  the  Father's  ehos<'n  hosts.  There 
is  no  election  to  destruction ;  men  are  chosen  to 
celestial  crowns. 

Election  works  in  perfect  harmony  with  the 
human  will.  Jehovah  elected  Saul  king  of  Israel, 
and  Samuel  anointed  him  to  the  office.  No  de- 
scendant of  Jacob,  except  Samuel  and  .'^auI.  knew 
about  God's  choice,  and  yet  all  Israel  convened  and 
elected   Saul  their  first  king.      The  people  were 


conscious  of  no  interference  with  their  will,  and 
there  was  none,  but,  notwithstanding  this,  they 
simply  ratified  the  appointment  of  Jehovah.  So 
when  God  calls  an  elect  one  to  repentance  and 
faith  he  is  made  willing  by  matchless  grace  and  by 
the  mighty  Spirit,  and  he  feels  a  burning  earnest- 
ness in  his  soul  to  follow  Jesus  Christ,  though  he 
would  have  fled  from  him  forever  if  he  had  not 
given  him  a  new  heart. 

"  Chorti'U  of  liim  ere  lime  began 
We  eli'iuHe  liini  in  return." 

The  evidences  of  election  in  a  believer's  heart 
make  him  brave.  Cromwell's  warriors,  consciously 
chosen  to  heavenly  joys,  were  fitted  for  earthly 
victories,  and  tilled  Europe  with  enthusiastic  ad- 
miration for  their  fearless  valor ;  knowing  them- 
selves to  be  the  elect  of  God,  they  feared  nothing 
human  or  diabolical.  A  consciousness  of  election 
makes  the  Christian  feel  a  burning  gratitude  in  his 
heart  for  him  that  planned  his  salvation  before 
stars  twinkled  in  the  heavens.  An  intelligent  faith 
in  election  and  in  one's  own  choice  of  God  leads  to 
heroic  works  and  sacrifices.  A  saved  electionist 
knows  that  God  has  a  people  in  the  world,  that  this 
people  in  process  of  time,  and  in  millennial  days, 
will  embrace  the  family  of  Adam,  that  God's  whole 
power  will  be  used  to  render  the  means  successful 
to  bring  these  hidden  jewels  of  heaven  into  gospel 
light,  and  that  instead  of  earthly  uncertainties  he 
has  God's  promises  that  his  word  shall  not  return 
unto  him  void,  and  he  labors  with  untiring  perse- 
verance, confident  of  success.  The  greatest  workers 
in  Christ's  vineyard  have  received  the  Scripture 
doctrine  of  election.  Paul,  Augustine  of  Hippo, 
Calvin,  Cranmer,  John  Knox.  Whitefield,  the 
Evangelical  Episcopalians,  the  Baptists,  the  Pres- 
byterians, the  Congregational ists,  the  men  who 
h.ave  made  this  country  what  it  is,  who  have  given 
Britain  most  of  her  greatness,  and  Continental 
European  Protestantism  much  of  its  glory,  were 
firm  believers  in  election.  This  Bitile  doctrine 
will  yet  bless  the  whole  Christian  family  on  earth 
with  its  light.  Among  the  elect  angels  in  heaven, 
the  elect  believers  before  the  throne,  and  the  elect 
infants  in  Paradise,  from  every  land  and  age,  it  is 
a  crowning  joy. 

El  Karey,  Rev.  Yonhannah,  was  l)orn  in 
Shechem,  now  called  Xalilous  ;  this  city  lies  at  the 
base  of  Mount  Gerizim,  where  the  Samaritan  tem- 
ple, the  rival  of  the  temple  of  Jeliovah  in  Jeru- 
salem, stood.  It  has  a  population  of  al)out  20,(X)0 
persons,  chiefly  Mohammedans.  There  are  a  few 
of  the  Samaritans  there  still,  the  descendants  of 
the  people  who  owned  the  city  in  Christ's  day, 
and  they  have  not  given  up  the  religion  of  their 
fathers.  Jacob's  well  is  within  a  mile  of  Xablous, 
where  the  Saviour  preached  to  the  woman  of 
Samaria. 


F.LKIX 


366 


ELLIS 


Mr.  El  Karey  was  educated  iu  England  and 
married  to  a  Liverpool  lady.  He  and  his  wife  are 
now  missionaries  in  Shecliem.  Tliis  Baptist  min- 
ister has  a  church  of  16  baptized  believers,  and  a 
congregation,  meeting  every  Lord's  day  in  a  chapel 
dedicated  inOctober,  IHT'J.  In  tlicir  houseof  worship 
there  is  a  day-school  for  girls  with  IDU  scholars,  and 
one  for  l)oys  with  30.  The  Sunday-school  has  about 
1.50  pupils.  The  Mohammedan  mothers'  meeting 
has  an  attendance  of  about  70.  Mr.  El  Karey  has 
been  chiefly  supported  through  the  instrumentality 
of  our  brother,  the  Rev.  l>r.  Landels,  of  London. 

Elkin,  Rev.  Robert,  was  a  native  of  Virginia, 
lie  emigrated  with  a  large  companj'  to  the  valley 
of  the  Ilolstein  River  in  1780.  Here  he  constituted 
a  church  with  the  assistance  of  Lewis  Craig  and 
John  Vivian,  Sept.  2S,  I7S1.  In  17S3  he  led  his 
flock  to  what  is  now  Garrard  Co.,  Ky.  The  next 
year  he  led  them  aci'oss  the  Kentucky  River  into 
Clark  County,  where  the  church  took  the  name  of 
Howard  Creek,  but  in  1790  changed  its  name  to 
Providence.  To  this  prosperous  old  mother-church 
Mr.  Elkin  ministered  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  March.  1822. 

Elliott,  Hon.  Victor  A.,  was  born  July  2.'',,  1839, 
in  Tioga  Co.,  Pa.     lie  served  in  the  Union  army 


HON.  VICTOR  A.  ELLIOTT. 

as  captain  and  major  during  the  war,  where  he 
contracted  asthmatic  difficulties,  which  were  the 
occasion  of  his  moving  to  Denver,  Col.,  after  prac- 
tising law  for  a  time  in  Nebraska.  He  followed 
the  same  profession  in  Denver  till  elected,  in  the 
fall  of  1878,  to  the  office  of  judge  of  the  District 


Court.  Judge  Elliottis  noted  for  promptness,  care- 
fulness, and  integrity  in  his  legal  decisions,  as  well 
as  for  his  spotless  character  and  decided  convic- 
tions in  private  life.  Ho  is  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  Denver  Baptist  church. 

Elliott,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  bom  at  Mason, 
N.  II.,  in  178y.  His  fatlier  was  a  Baptist  minister. 
Converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  Joseph  almost  at 
once  became  impressed  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel.  Striving  against  such  convic- 
tions he  began  the  study  of  medicine,  but  abandon- 
ing it  ere  long,  he  became  a  preacher  at  the  age  of 
nineteen.  At  twenty  he  was  ordained,  and  during 
forty-five  years,  in  New  England,  New  York,  Ohio, 
and  HIinois,  exercised  his  ministry.  With  preach- 
ing he  frequently  associated  the  work  of  teaching, 
and  in  this  was  highly  successful.  He  died  at 
Monmouth,  III.,  Aug,  17,  I8.')8. 

Elliott,  Rev.  W.,  was  born  in  Adams  Co.,  0., 
March  17,  1819.  His  parents  belonged  to  the 
Scotch  Presbyterian  Church,  for  the  ministry  of 
which  his  father  had  been  partly  educated.  Young 
Elliott  rei'oived  his  education,  literary  and  theologi- 
cal, chiefly  from  his  father,  who  was  an  experienced 
teacher.  AVhen  he  was  about  seventeen  years  old, 
in  October,  1836,  he  walked  eight  miles  to  receive 
baptism.  lie  removed  to  Iowa,  crossing  the  Mis- 
sissippi at  Burlington,  on  May  7,  1842,  and  imme- 
diately began  to  preach.  He  was  present  at  the 
formation  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  Convention,  when 
there  were  but  3.30  Baptists  in  the  State.  He  was 
ordained  in  October,  1842.  lie  was  employed 
eleven  years  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  He  has  served  churches  as  their 
pastor,  but  has  generally  labored  as  an  evangelist, 
and  in  the  latter  calling  he  has  traveled  I00,0(l0 
miles,  much  of  it  on  horseback,  and  often  preaching 
three  times  a  day  for  months  in  succession.  In 
1868  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  his  e.thausting 
labors  for  a  time,  only  preaching  occasionally  as 
he  was  able.  He  devotes  his  feeble  strength  to 
protracted  meetings  in  the  winter.  He  has  labored 
nearly  forty  years  in  Iowa,  and  he  has  been  richly 
blessed  in  his  saintly  toils. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Ferdinand,  was  born  in  Medway, 
Mass.,  in  1780,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1802.  For  three  years  after  the 
completion  of  his  college  studies  he  was  a  tutor  in 
the  university.  At  the  end  of  this  engagement 
he  was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister,  and  for  a 
time  was  a  colleague  with  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Sub- 
sequently he  removed  to  Marblehead,  Mass.,  and 
in  1817  to  Exeter,  N.  11.,  where  he  was  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  for  fifteen  years.  Having 
resigned  his  pastorate  in  Exeter,  he  preached  for  a 
short  time  in  several  towns  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
in  Freeport,  Me.     Finally  he  returned  to  Exeter, 


ELLIS 


367 


ELLYSON 


where  he  died  Feb.  20,  1858.  Several  of  his  ser- 
mons were  published,  and  some  tlicoloirical  writinj^s 
which  lie  prepared  for  the  press.  lie  was  a  very 
useful  minister  of  the  Saviour. 

Ellis,  Frank  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  IliiTirins- 
port,  0..  July  31,  I.Sii8.  He  was  educated  at  Shurt- 
leff  College,  and  has  occupied  several  important 
points  as  pastor  before  settlina;  at  Denver,  Col., 
where  he  commenced  his  labors  March,  187G, 
which  he  prosecuted  for  more  than  four  years,  till 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  Tremont  Temple,  Boston, 
in  June,  1880.  He  is  genial  in  his  manners,  and  an 
able,  efficient,  and  eloquent  preacher.  In  descrip- 
tive powers,  fluency  of  speech,  and  graceful  man- 
ners he  has  few  peers.  His  audiences  in  Denver 
were  very  large.  His  reputation  in  Boston  as  a 
preacher  and  as  a  Christian  is  very  high,  and  ex- 
tensive usefulness  is  expected  from  his  ministry. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Robert,  was  bom  in  Wales,  Feb.  3, 
]8ll2.  In  his  twentieth  year  he  connected  himself 
with  the  Baptist  Church.  He  cummenced  preaching 
not  long  after,  and  went  through  his  preparatory 
studies  under  the  preccptorship  of  the  Rev.  I.  Wil- 
liams, afterwards  of  Newtown,  than  whom  there 
was  not  a  more  finished  Greek  scholar  or  a  more 
able  Biblical  expositor  within  the  boundaries  of 
the  principality  of  Wales.  Robert  Ellis  served 
several  churches  with  unquestioned  ability,  the  last 
of  which  was  Carnarvon,  the  scene  of  the  ministry 
of  the  immortal  Christmas  Evans. 

It  was,  however,  as  a  bard  and  writer  that  Robert 
Ellis  excelled.  He  published  a  commentary  on  the 
New  Testament  in  three  volumes,  as  well  as  several 
lectures  and  jiamphlets  bearing  on  ecclesiastical 
and  theological  subjects.  He  devoted  much  at- 
tention to  Welsh  literature.  His  productions  are 
characterized  by  strength  and  purity,  and  that  in- 
definable something  which  always  accompanies 
genius.  To  the  antiquarian  and  the  bard,  Robert 
Ellis  was  a  consummate  master  and  an  acknowl- 
edged authorit}'.  As  long  as  the  AVelsh  language 
is  spoken  his  name  and  memory  will  be  held  in 
veneration. 

Ellison,  Rev.  Matthew,  was  born  Nov.  lu,  18(4. 
lie  belongs  to  a  family  of  preachers,  his  father. 
Rev.  James  Ellison,  and  three  of  his  brothers 
having  been  Baptist  ministers.  He  is  now  cme  of 
the  oldest  pastors  in  West  Virginia,  and  is  still 
;ictively  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  Master.  By 
close  application  in  his  youth  he  secured  a  liberal 
education,  and  has  made  good  use  of  it.  It  is 
probable  that  he  has  traveled  more  than  any  other 
minister  in  the  State.  He  has  preached  as  supply 
for  as  many  as  nine  churches  at  a  time,  and  some 
of  them  sixty  miles  apart,  and  has  hud  a  meagre 
financial  support. 

Mr.  Ellison  is  an  author  of  some  celebrity.  He 
has  written  a  book  on  "  Duukerisui,"  a  "Plea  for 


the  Union  of  Baptists,''  etc.  He  has  baptized  2000 
persons  and  organized  25  churches.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  prominent  of  our  West  Virginia  ministers. 
He  has  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  Biblical  student 
and  a  controversialist. 

When  he  was  seventy-five  years  of  age  he  gave 
up  all  his  churches,  spent  the  winter  in  writing, 
and  in  the  spring  he  liegan  to  sell  Bibles  for  the 
American  Bible  Society.  His  home  is  now  at 
Rah'igli  Court-llouse.  W.  Va. 

Ellyson,  Hon.  Henry  K.,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Richmond,  Va.,  on  the  31st  of  July,  1823.  When 
fourteen  years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  as  a 
printer.  While  learning  his  trade  his  father  died, 
and  he  had  a  mother  and  sisters  to  provide  for. 
Having  served  his  apprenticeship,  he  started  a  small 
job  printing-office,  and  by  the  strict,  methodical 
business  habits,  patient  industry,  and  incorruptible 
integrity  which  have  marked  his  entire  life,  he  soon 
acquired  a  profitable  business  and  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  the  city.  In  1854  he  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Representatives,  and  served  for  two 
terms.  In  1857  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  the  city, 
then  a  lucrative  and  very  responsible  office.  By 
successive  elections  he  was  continued  in  the  same 
office  until  1865. 

After  the  fall  of  Richmond  he  and  Jas.  A.  Cow- 
ardin  re-established  the  Daily  Dispat<-h,  the  most 
influential  and  widely-circulated  journal  in  the 
State.     In  1870  he  was  elected  maj'or  of  Richmond. 

Mr.  Ellyson  joined  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Richmond  at  an  early  age,  and  has  been  a  model 
member  ever  since,  punctual  at  all  meetings,  ac- 
tive in  all  work,  liberal  in  his  gifts,  and  pure  in 
his  life.  For  more  than  thirty  years  he  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  for 
twenty  years  an  active  member  of  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion. 

In  1847  he  was  elected  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  State  Mission  Board  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion of  Virginia,  and  in  the  administration  of  its 
affairs  has  displayed  conspicuous  tact,  energy,  abil- 
ity, and  faith.  He  has  not  received  one  cent  as 
compensation  for  his  services.  To  Mr.  Ellyson's 
marvelous  fitness  for  his  office  are  the  Baptists  of 
Virginia  largely  indebted  for  their  growth  and  in- 
fluence. In  ISol,  excluding  statistics  that  lielong 
to  the  present  AVest  Virginia,  there  were  in  Vir- 
ginia 471  ministers  and  81,557  members.  In  1880 
there  are  703  ministers  and  205,909  members. 

Mr.  Ellyson  has  been  long  identified  with  the 
business  interests  of  Richmond,  being  connected 
with  the  management  of  lianks,  railroads,  steam- 
boats, and  insurance  companies.  His  sons  are  ac- 
tive in  religious  and  business  matters.  Ilis  home, 
where  father,  mother,  daughter,  sons,  and  their 
wives  liva  as  a  happy  Christian  family,  has  been  a 


ELTON 


ELY 


lioine  as  well  for  hundreds  of  Baptist  preachers. 
Mr.  Ellyson's  life  is  an  example  and  a  stimulus, 
showing;  how  much  consecrated  time  and  property 
and  talents,  outside  of  the  ministry,  can  accomplish 
for  the  JIasti;r. 

Elton,  Romeo,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Ellington, 
Conn.,  probalily  in  IT'.H).  lie  spent  his  early  days 
on  tlie  farm  of  his  father,  but  was  unfitted  by  tem- 
perament and  pliysical  weakness  for  agricultural 
pursuits.  He  became  a  member  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1S13.  Ilav- 
in"  devoted  some  time  to  the  study  of  theology,  ho 
was  ordained  as  the  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Newport,  H.  I.,  June  11,  1SI7.  lie  had 
■a  successful  ministry,  and  greatly  endeared  himself 
not  only  to  the  people  of  his  own  church,  but  to 
the  community  in  which  he  lived,  by  his  gentleness 
and  suavity,  and  liis  upright  Christian  deportment. 
Ill  health  obliged  him  to  resign.  The  same  cause 
also  forced  hiui  to  give  up  his  ministry  in  Windsor, 
Vt.,  whither  he  had  gone  from  Newport.  An  in- 
vitation having  been  extended  to  him  to  take  the 
chair  of  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Lan- 
guages in  Brown  University  in  1825,  he  spent  two 
years  abroad,  chiefly  in  Germany,  in  preparing 
himself  for  the  duties  of  his  office.  For  sixteen 
years,  from  1S27  to  184.3,  he  was  connected  with 
Brown  University.  He  won  the  affection  of  his 
pupils  by  his  kindness  of  manner,  and  no  man 
could  come  under  his  influence  without  acknowl- 
edging him  to  be  truly  a  Christian  gentleman  and 
scholar.  lie  was  peculiarly  sensitive  and  delicate 
in  his  temperament,  and  was  especially  careful  not 
to  wound  tlie  sensibilities  of  those  who  came  under 
his  instructions. 

After  resigning  his  professorship  and  passing  a 
few  months  with  his  relatives,  he  went  to  England, 
and  resided  in  Exeter  for  twenty-two  years,  and  in 
Bath  two  years.  Wliile  abroad  he  devoted  himself 
to  literary  pursuits,  preaching  for  Baptist  and  In- 
dependent churches  as  occasion  presented.  His 
life  in  England  seems  to  have  been  a  singularly 
pleasant  one,  congenial  with  his  tastes,  and  pro- 
ductive of  great  satisfaction  to  him,  by  bringing 
him  in  conUvct  with  literary  people  and  scholars  of 
similar  temperaments  with  his  own. 

Dr.  Elton  returned  to  this  country  in  1869.  and 
resided  in  Rhode  Island  and  Boston,  in  which  city 
he  died,  Feb.  5,  1870.  He  was  the  compiler  of  tlie 
"  Remains  of  President  Maxey,"  and  wrote  a  me- 
moir of  Roger  Williams  while  he  resided  in  Eng- 
land. Among  other  bequests  which  he  made  was  one 
of  ?2(),0()0  to  establish  a  professorship  of  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Brown  University,  and  nearly  as 
much  more  to  Columbian  College  to  establish  a 
professorship  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy. 

Elven,  Rev.  Cornelius,  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
Sufiblk,  was  for  fifty  years  the  most  widely-known 


and  esteemed  Baptist  minister  in  the  eastern  coun- 
ties of  England.  He  was  born  at  Bury,  Feb.  12, 
1707,  and  received  a  goo<l  education.  His  family 
belonged  to  the  Congregationalists,  but  in  early 
manhood  he  wiis  convinced  of  the  Scriptural  char- 
acter of  Baptist  principles,  and  although  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Bury  was  at  that  time  very  weak  in 
numbers  and  influence,  he  loyally  followed  his 
convictions,  and  was  baptized  May  G,  1821.  Dis- 
playing gifts  which  could  not  be  hid,  he  was  in- 
vited to  preach,  and  on  the  retirement  of  the  pastor 
the  church  called  him  to  be  his  successor.  He  was 
ordained  July,  1823.  For  nearly  forty-nine  years 
he  actively  labored  in  word  and  doctrine  in  this  one 
field,  winning  in  his  native  place  universal  esteem 
and  aifcction,  and  crowned  with  ministerial  success. 
Even  in  his  declining  years  he  was  an  attractive 
preacher.  He  had  a  rich  fund  of  humor,  and  a 
most  retentive  memory,  which  he  laid  under  tribute 
with  remarkable  effect  in  illustrating  and  pressing 
home  divine  truth.  The  common  people  heard  him 
gladly,  and  the  educated  were  charmed  by  his 
naturalness  of  manner,  his  fine  ap])reciation  of  the 
best  things  in  literature,  and  his  transparent  clear- 
ness of  thought.  In  earlier  life  he  was  a  bountiful 
helper  of  the  poor,  having  then  some  iirivate  re- 
sources, and  throughout  his  career  bis  genial, 
kindly  disposition  was  conspicuous.  He  was  the 
firm  friend  of  every  good  cause,  and  an  etfective 
advocate  of  liberty  and  progress.  Very  large  in 
person,  he  frequently  found  it  impossible  to  get  into 
the  box-pulpits  with  which  country  meeting-houses 
in  England  were  usually  furnished,  and  he  pointed 
many  a  witticism  at  his  own  expense  on  such  occa- 
sions. But  although  full  of  humor,  and  youthful 
in  feeling  even  in  old  age,  he  was  ever  faithful  to 
his  calling  as  a  minister  of  Christ,  and  by  his  pen 
as  well  as  his  voice  delighted  to  proclaim  the  gospel 
of  tlie  grace  of  God.  He  died  as  he  had  lived, 
among  his  own  people,  Aug.  10,  1873,  and  the  pub- 
lic demonstrations  at  bis  funeral  showed  that  a 
prophet  may  sometimes  at  least  be  honored  in  his 
own  city. 

Ely,  Hon.  Lewis  B.,  was  bom  May  18,  1825,  in 
Frankfort.  Ky.  ;  converted  in  1841  ;  baptized  by 
Rev.  W.  C.  Ligon  in  1842,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Carrolton,  Mo.  In  1S44  he  formed 
the  mercantile  firm  of  Hill  &  Ely  in  Carrolton, 
where  he  still  lives,  and  h."»s  been  a  successful  and 
honorable  business  m.an.  He  is  a  deacon  of  his 
church,  and  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school. 
He  has  been  moder.ator  of  the  Missouri  Valley  As- 
sociation, a  member  of  the  executive  board  of  the 
.State  Association,  for  ten  years  a  trustee  of  AVil- 
liam  .Jewell  College,  twice  moderator  of  the  Gen- 
eral As.sociation,  and  he  is  now  financial  agent  of 
the  college.  He  is  unassuming,  and  his  honors  are 
pressed  upon  him.     Self-denial,  labor,  benevolence. 


EMERY 


3r,9* 


ENGLAND 


humility,  and  sincere  devotion  to  Christ  mark  his 
character.  He  stands  among  the  foremost  of  Mis- 
souri Baptist  hiymcn  as  a  brotlier  tieloved  and  as  a 
servant  of  Christ  worthy  of  the  esteem  and  aflection 
of  all  the  friends  of  Jesus. 

Emery,  Rev.  J.  W.,  «-as  horn  in  Grafton,  Yt., 
May  Ili.  \>^'1''>.  His  father,  James  Kmery,  removed 
to  tlie  State  of  New  York  in  1S,31  and  settled  in 
Tioga  County,  then  a  thinly-settled  community. 
Under  the  preaching  of  Elder  Thomas  S.  Shear- 
down  the  subject  of  our  .sketch  was  converted,  and 
was  baptized  by  him  in  the  fall  of  1837.  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  IS.'Jl.and  ordained  in  1852. 
lie  gave  himself  with  much  fervor  to  the  work,  not 
only  serving  all  his  life  since  as  pastor  of  some 
church,  but  doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist  almost 
constantly.  Perhaps  no  man  in  the  State  has  been 
more  abundant  in  labors,  or  more  largely  blessed 
in  the  number  of  converts.  He  is  a  tower  of 
strength  wherever  he  has  labored,  and  his  services 
are  in  great  deniand.  His  pastorates  have  been  in 
Barton,  Candor,  Caneseraga,  Dansvillo,  Big  Flat, 
Cooper's  Plains,  North  Parma,  Walworth,  Attica, 
Bath,  with  the  last  of  which  he  has  remained  since 
1870.  He  has  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  the 
strict  old  Baptist  faith  and  practice  for  more  than 
half  a  century,  and  a  firm  supporter  of  all  Baptist 
institutions  and  enterprises.  The  dew  of  his  youth 
is  still  upon  him. 

England,  The  Baptist  of,  a  weekly  family  news- 
paper, was  started  about  seven  years  ago  as  a  low- 
priced  Baptist  paper  of  a  strictly  denominational 
character.  It  is  now  published  at  two  cents  a  week 
by  Elliot  Stock,  62  Paternoster  Row,  London,  and 
it  has  obtained  an  established  position.  Both  sec- 
tions of  the  English  Baptists,  the  General  or  Ar- 
mini.an,  and  the  Particular  or  Calvinistic  Baptists, 
are  represented  by  it. 

England,  The  Baptist  Magazine  of,  was  com- 
menced in  Isil'.).  and  is  the  oldest  of  existing  Eng- 
lish Baptist  periodicals.  It  is  published  monthly, 
and  contains  original  articles  on  devotional,  literary, 
and  gener.al  religious  subjects  by  leading  members 
of  the  denomination.  For  many  years  it  was  edited 
by  the  llev.  William  (iroser,  and  was  highly  prized 
not  only  for  the  usual  excellence  of  its  contents, 
but  especially  for  its  biographical  sketches.  Sev- 
eral of  the  leading  ministers  of  the  denomination 
have  at  different  times  taken  part  in  conducting  the 
nmgazine.  S.  Manning,  D.l).,  LL.D.,  now  secre- 
tary of  the  Religions  Tract  Society  of  London,  and 
the  Rev.  W.  G.  Lewis,  the  present  editor,  were 
notably  successful  in  enlisting  the  services  of  able 
writers,  including  some  of  the  most  eminent  pas- 
tors. From  the  commencement  the  proBts  arising 
from  the  sale  have  been  given  to  the  widows  of 
Baptist  ministers  at  the  recommendation  of  the 
contributors.     The  total  amount  of  these  grants  up 


to  the  present  time  (1880)  is  over  .*3.5,lX)0.  One 
excellent  feature  of  the  magazine  is  the  publishino' 
of  the  Missionary  Iferald  under  the  same  wrapper, 
so  that  its  readers  are  put  in  possession  of  the  facts 
of  the  work  of  the  Bapti.st  Missionary  Society  from 
month  to  month.  It  is  published  by  Yates  &  Al- 
exander, Castle  St.,  Ilolborn,  London. 

England,  The  Baptist  Missionary  Society 
of,  owes  its  origin,  under  (jod,  to  the  energv  and 
faith  of  William  Carey.  Although  other  men  of 
similar  mould  had  a  share  in  the  glory  of  reviving 
the  missionary  zeal  of  the  churches  of  Christ,  the 
name  of  Carey  stamls  pre-eminent.  It  was  while 
he  was  living  at  Moulton.  Northamptonshire,  as 
pastor  of  the  feeble  Baptist  church  in  that  village, 
and  keeping  school  to  make  his  income  equal  to  his 
wants,  that  the  great  object  of  his  life  first  pre- 
sented itself  forcibly  to  his  mind.  When  teaching 
the  village  children  geography,  pointing  out  the  dif- 
ferent countries  and  peoples  of  the  world  on  the  map, 
and  saying  again  and  again,  "  These  are  Christians, 
and  these  are  Mohammedans,  and  these  are  Pagans," 
it  occurred  to  him,  "  I  am  now  telling  these  chil- 
dren as  a  mere  fact  a  truth  of  the  most  melancholy 
character.''  This  simple  thought  was  the  germ  of 
modern  missions.  His  attention  was  arrested  :  his 
sj'mpathies  were  aroused  ;  he  searched  the  Bible 
and  prayed  earnestlj-  to  ascertain  what  was  the 
duty  of  Christians  to  the  heathen  world.  After 
keeping  his  thoughts  to  himself  for  some  time,  he 
ventured  to  introduce  it  as  a  sulyect  of  conversa- 
tion when  he  met  his  ministerial  brethren.  At  a 
fraternal  meeting  of  ministers  at  North.anipton,  he 
proposed  as  a  topic  for  discussion,  "The  duty  of 
Christians  to  attempt  the  spread  of  the  gospel 
among  heathen  nations;"  but  he  had  hardly  uttered 
the  words  when  Mr.  Ryland,  Sr..  sprang  to  his  feet 
and  denounced  the  proposition.  '•  Young  man,  sit 
down  ;  when  God  pleases  to  convert  the  heathen, 
he  will  do  it  without  j-our  aid  or  mine."  Andrew 
Fuller,  who  was  present,  said  that  his  own  feelings 
respecting  the  proposal  were  very  like  those  of  the 
incredulous  courtier  in  Israel,  '•  If  the  Lord  should 
make  windows  in  heaven,  might  such  a  thing  be!" 
Carey,  however,  was  nothing  daunted  by  the  frowns 
and  doublings  of  his  brethren.  At  length  a  few 
kindred  spirits  expressed  sympathy,  feeble  at  first, 
but  gathering  strength  continually,  and  he  pre- 
pared n  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  which  he  showed 
in  manuscript  to  Mr.  Fuller,  Mr.  Sutcliffe,  and  Dr. 
Ryland.  They  urged  him  to  revise  it,  and  coun- 
seled deliberation,  more  in  the  hope  of  escaping 
from  his  importunities  than  from  any  .serious  pur- 
pose of  encouraging  his  project.  In  1780  Carey  re- 
moved to  Leicester,  where  his  circumstances  were 
snmewhat  improved,  and  his  opportunities  for  pros- 
ecuting his  missionary  studies  were  multiplied. 
He  continued  to  press  the  subject  upon  the  minds 


ENGLAND 


370 


ENGLAND 


of  liis  bretliren  in  tlio  ininistrv,  especially  seekinjr 
to  win  the  approval  of  the  younger  men  who  were 
risin<;  into  denominational  influence.  At  a  meet- 
ini;  held  at  Clipston  in  IT'Jl,  the  discourses  de- 
livered appeared  to  bear  a  missionary  aspect,  and 
Carey  urged  that  some  practical  stops  should  be 
taken  then  and  there;  but  those  who  sym]iathized 
with  him  most  shrank  from  the  respimsibility,  and 
pronounced  the  plan  too  vast  for  their  obscure  posi- 
tion and  limited  resources.  They  advised  him, 
however,  to  publish  his  manuscript,  which  he  had 
revised  and  re-revised  at  their  su ingestion,  before  the 
next  meetinic  of  the  Association,  to  be  held  at  Not- 
tin>;ham,  in  May,  17'.I2.  It  was  arranged  that  Carey 
should    preach,    and    having  announced    his    text 


ergy  overcame  all  objections  and  difficulties,  and 
under  his  influence,  with  fervent  prayer  for  di- 
vine assistance,  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 
formed.  A  coinmittee  of  live  was  apjminted,  consist- 
ingof  AndrewFuller,.John  Uyland,  Kcynold  Ilogge, 
John  SutcliSe,  and  William  Carey.  Mr.  Fuller  was 
made  secretary,  and  Mr.  llogge  treasurer,  and  a 
subscription  Avas  immediately  taken  up  of  £13  2s. 
&d.  No  sooner  was  the  subscription  thus  filled  up 
than  Carey  offered  himself  as  a  missionary,  ready 
to  embark  for  any  part  of  the  heathen  world  to 
which  they  might  choose  to  send  him.  As  soon  as 
.Samuel  I'earce  came  back  from  the  Kettering  meet- 
ing to  his  people  at  Birmingham,  he  aroused  their 
interest  so  much  that  upwards  of  five  times  the 


THE    HOL'SE    IN    KETTERING,  E.NGLAND,  IN    WHICH    THE    BAPTIST    MISSIONARY    SOCIETV    WAS    FORMED. 


(Isaiah  liv.  2,  3),  he  deduced  the  two  proposi- 
tions which  have  become  familiar  sayings  all  over 
the  world,  {1st)  expect  great  things  from  God  ;  (2d) 
attempt  great  things  for  God.  Into  this  discourse 
he  poured  the  long  pent-up  feelings  of  his  soul 
with  electrical  effect.  But  when  the  excitement 
of  the  hour  had  passed  away,  the  feelings  of  hesi- 
tation and  doubt  again  appeared,  and  it  needed 
an  indignant  expostulation  from  Carey  to  procure 
the  passage  of  a  resolution  that  a  plan  should  be 
prepared  against  the  next  ministers'  meeting  for 
the  establishment  of  a  society  for  prop.agating  the 
gospel  among  the  heathen.  This  meeting  in  due 
time  convened  at  Kettering,  on  the  2d  of  Oc- 
tober, 1792.  After  the  usual  services  of  the  day, 
the  ministers,  twelve  in  number,  proceeded  from  the 
meeting-house  to  the  parlor  of  the  mansion  of  Mrs. 
Beeby  AV.illis.  a  wiilow  lady,  a  member  of  Mr. 
Fuller's  church,  and  there  discussed  the  question 
of  establishing  a  missionary  society.     Carey's  en- 


amount  of  the  original  subscription  was  forwarded 
from  Birmingham  alone,  and  an  auxiliary  society 
was  formed.  This  example  was  followed  by  other 
churches,  and  the  committee  soon  found  themselves 
possessed  of  no  inconsiderable  resources.  Still  the 
interest  felt  in  the  movement  was  loc.il,  and  limited 
to  comparatively  few  churches.  The  ministers  and 
congregations  in  London  deemed  it  a  mere  burst 
of  wild  enthusiasm,  which  would  .soon  burn  itself 
out.  Andrew  Fuller  afterwards  described  the  situ- 
ation in  these  words  :  "  AVhen  we  began,  in  1792, 
there  was  little  or  no  respectability  among  us;  not 
80  much  as  a  squire  to  sit  in  the  chair,  or  an  orator 
to  make  speeches  to  him.  Hence  good  Dr.  Sten- 
nett  advised  the  London  ministers  to  stand  aloof 
•ind  not  commit  themselves."  Indeed,  the  only 
minister  from  whom  Carey  received  any  sympathy 
in  the  metropolis  was  a  clergyman  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church,  the  venerable  .John  Xewton,  the  in- 
timate friend  of  Dr.  Uyland,  of  whom  Carey  said, 


ENGLAKD 


371 


EXGLAXD 


"  He  advised  me  with  the  fidelity  and  tenderness 
of  a  father."'  The  determination  to  adopt  India  as 
tlie  mission  field  was  hronjrht  about  hy  a  commu- 
nication from  Mr.  John  Thomas,  a  physician,  who 
had  resided  in  Benjjal  for  some  years,  and  had  long 
desired  to  promote  Christian  missionary  operations 
in  that  covintry.  On  the  receipt  of  Mr.  Thomas's 
letter,  Andrew  Fuller  went  to  London  to  make  in- 
quiries rejjarding  him,  which  proving  satisfactory, 
the  committee  invited  Mr.  Thomas  to  join  the  so- 
ciety and  accompany  Carey.  But  obstacles  arose 
which  were  not  surmounted  until  several  months 
had  passed.  Funds  reriuisitc  for  the  expense  of  the 
Tovage  were  raised  with  considerable  difficulty,  the 
wealthier  members  of  the  London  churches  being 
either  opposed  to  the  scheme,  or  apathetic.  Then 
the  question  of  getting  a  pa.ssage  had  to  be  solved. 
N'o  English  vessels  were  then  allowed  to  go  to 
India  except  those  of  the  East  India  Company,  and 
the  captains  of  the  company's  ships  were  strictly 
prohibited  to  take  passengers  without  a  license 
from  the  India  House.  The  East  India  Company 
being  resnlutely  opposed  to  missionary  operations, 
and  all  attempts  to  procure  a  license  for  the  mis- 
sionaries having  failed,  it  was  finally  determined  to 
go  without  one.  An  arrangement  w.as  made,  but 
at  the  last  moment,  after  they  had  got  on  board  the 
vessel,  information  arrived  which  compelled  their 
leaving  the  ship.  At  length  a  D.anish  vessel  bound 
to  Calcutta  was  found,  and  terms  being  arranged 
through  Mr.  Thonui-s's  energy,  the  party  sailed 
on  the  13th  of  .June,  \~'Xi,  and  arrived  safely  in 
Calcutta  on  the  11th  of  November.  New  difticul- 
ties  almost  immediately  arose.  Their  resources 
were  inadequate,  and  Mr.  Thomas's  management 
of  pecuniary  matters  was  unfortunate.  It  became 
necessary  for  both  missionaries  to  accept  employ- 
ment, which  was  providentially  offered  in  connec- 
tion with  the  indigo-factories  of  a  Christian  gentle- 
man, who  compassionated  their  situation.  Carey, 
for  the  next  five  years,  regularly  devoted  a  fourth 
and  upwards  of  his  salary  to  the  objects  of  the 
mission.  As  soon  as  he  had  acquired  sufficient 
fluency  in  the  native  language,  he  daily  assemliled 
the  laliorcrs  and  servants  of  the  factory  for  Chris- 
tian worship  and  instruction,  and  constantly  itine- 
rated in  the  surrounding  villages.  He  also  began 
the  translation  of  the  New  Testament,  and  procured 
a  printing-press.  In  1796  he  was  joined  by  Mr. 
Fountain,  who  had  been  sent  out  by  the  society,  and 
two  ye.ars  later  Carey  wrote  to  Fuller  that  new  mis- 
sionaries might  be  introduced  into  the  country  as 
assistant  indigo  planters.  Acting  on  this  sugges- 
tion, and  encouraged  by  the  increase  of  the  mis- 
sionary spirit  in  the  churches,  the  committee  sent 
out  four  missionaries  .ind  their  families  in  1709,  two 
of  whom  died  soon  after  their  arrival,  but  the  two 
others,  Joshua  Marshman  and  William  AVard,  were 


destined,  in  the  course  of  Providence,  to  share  with 
Carey  in  the  establishment  of  Christian  civilization 
in  India.  But  the  jealous  suspicions  of  the  Indian 
authorities  had  by  this  time  gathered  around  Carey, 
and  the  new  missionaries  were  landed  at  Serampore, 
a  Danish  settlement,  before  the  Calcutt.a  officials 
could  arrest  them.  All  efforts  failing  to  procure  per- 
mission to  join  Carey,  he  determined  to  make  .Seram- 
pore the  headquarters  of  the  mission,  and  arrived 
there  with  his  family  on  the  10th  of  .January,  1800. 
For  nearly  twenty-five  years  Carey,  Marshman,  and 
Ward  continued  to  labor  unitedly  in  what  was 
known  throughout  the  world  as  the  work  of  the 
Serampore  mission.  Tliey  threw  all  their  earnings 
into  a  common  fund,  and  from  this  resource  con- 
tributed nearly  £80.(XJ0  to  the  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Marshman  conducted  flourishing  boarding-schools 
for  many  years,  which  secured  the  mission  from 
pecuniary  destitution  in  its  earlier  history.  Carey 
was  .appointed  Professor  of  Bengalee  in  Fort  Wil- 
liam College.  Calcutta,  and  devote<l  his  salary  to 
the  mission  work.  Ward  was  a  practical  printer, 
and  by  his  successful  management  of  the  printing 
department  greatly  aided  the  mission  treasury. 
Provi<ling  thus  for  the  permanent  support  of  the 
mission,  they  gave  opportunity  for  the  sending  out 
of  other  laborers,  and  attained  a  position  of  influence 
in  the  European  community  at  Calcutta.  Their  resi- 
dence under  the  Danish  flag  at  Serampore  secured 
them  from  the  outbreaks  of  Anglo-Indian  hatred  of 
missi(jns,  and  yet  afi"orded  all  the  ad  vantages  of  a  met- 
ropolitan position  for  their  work.  In  March.  1812, 
the  printing-office  with  all  its  contents  Was  totally 
destroyed  by  fire,  but  the  calamity  only  served  to 
test  and  develop  the  strength  of  the  missionary  spirit. 
Contributions  poured  in  upon  Mr.  Fuller  and  the 
committee  in  England  until  the  whole  loss  was  more 
than  covered.  The  death  of  Fuller,  in  1815,  was  a 
severe  loss,  and  was  keenly  felt,  particularly  by  the 
older  missionaries.  Dr.  Kyland  succeeded  him  as 
secretary,  assisted  by  Mr.  Dyer,  and  differences  of 
opinion  arose  which  ultimately  led  to  the  severance 
of  the  Serampore  missionaries  from  the  society.  A 
separate  organization  in  England  undertook  the 
charge  of  the  Serampore  work,  and  in  1818  the 
college  was  established.  The  abolition  of  the  re- 
strictions on  missionary  work  in  India  now  gave 
free  scope  to  evangelical  zeal,  and  other  commun- 
ions "besides  the  Baptists  entered  in  and  possessed 
the  land.  But  to  Carey  and  his  associates  belongs 
the  honor  of  '"  the  forlorn  hope."  As  Mr.  J.  C. 
Marshman.  in  his  history  of  the  Serampore  mis- 
sion, justlv  says,  "  They  were  the  first  to  enforce  the 
necessity  of  giving  the  Scriptures  to  all  the  tribes 
of  India.  Their  own  translations  were  necessarily 
and  confessedly  imperfect :  but  imperfections  may 
be  overlooked  in  the  labors  of  men  who  produced 
the  first  editions  of  the  New  Testament  in  so  many 


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of  the  Oriental  liinguuiics  and  dialects,  and  jrave 
that  impulse  to  the  work  of  translation  which  still 
sustains  it.  They  were  the  first  to  insist  on  the 
absolute  exclusion  of  caste  from  the  native  Chris- 
tian community  and  church.  They  established  the 
first  native  schools  for  heathen  children  in  Ilin- 
doostan,  and  organized  the  first  college  for  the  edu- 
cation of  native  catechists  and  ininisterss  They 
printed  the  first  books  in  the  language  of  Bengal, 
and  thus  laid  the  foundation  of  a  vernacular  litera- 
ture ;  and  they  were  the  first  to  cultivate  and  im- 
prove that  language  and  render  it  a  suitable  vehicle 
for  national  instruction.  They  published  the  first 
native  newspaper  in  India,  and  issued  the  first 
religious  periodical.  In  all  the  departments  of 
missionary  labor  .and  intellectual  improvement  they 
led  the  way,  and  it  is  on  the  broad  foundation  which 
they  were  enabled  to  lay  that  the  edifice  of  modern 
Indian  missions  has  been  erected."  When  the  ju- 
bilee of  the  society  was  celebrated  at  Kettering  in 
October,  1842,  only  one  of  its  founders,  Mr.  Ilogge, 
the  first  treasurer,  remained  alive.  All  the  senior 
missionaries  also  had  passed  away.  Dr.  Marshman, 
the  last  survivor,  having  died  in  1836.  The  breach 
which  had  taken  place  between  the  society  and  the 
Serampore  brethren,  after  the  death  of  Andrew 
Fuller,  and  which  kept  them  apart  for  several 
years,  had  been  healed.  Missions  had  been  estab- 
lished in  the  West  Indies,  which  had  been  remark- 
ably successful,  also  in  the  Bahamas  and  Central 
America.  New  stations  had  been  opened  in  India 
and  Ceylon,  in  connection  with  which  many  able 
and  devoted  missionaries,  besides  the  Serampore 
band,  had  labored  with  encouraging  results.  At 
the  end  of  the  first  fifty  years  the  mission  churches 
in  India  contained  978  native  members,  and  about 
300  Europeans  in  separate  fellowship.  In  Jamaica 
there  were  upwards  of  2.5,000  church  members  ;  in 
the  Bahamas,  1I7G;  and  in  Central  America,  132. 
The  work  of  translation  had  been  continued  by  Dr. 
Yates  and  other  brethren,  so  that  the  whole  or 
part  of  the  Scriptures,  with  myriads  of  tracts,  in 
forty-four  languages  and  dialects,  attested  their 
zeal  and  success.  The  funds  contributed  at  the 
jubilee  services  enabled  the  society  to  enlarge  its 
operations.  New  fields  were  opened  in  Western 
Africa,  Trinidad,  and  Ilayti.  A  mission  in  Brit- 
tany, France,  which  the  Welsh  churches  had  estab- 
lished, was  adopted  somewhat  later,  and  a  training 
college  for  the  education  of  teachers  and  native 
ministers  was  founded  at  Calabar.  .Jamaica.  In 
1859  the  China  mission  was  entered  upon,  and  help 
was  rendered  to  sustain  Baptist  mission  work  in 
Norway,  Canada,  and  Germany.  In  1867  the 
membership  of  the  native  churches  in  India  had 
increased  to  2300,  after  deducting  all  losses.  The 
entire  number  of  persons  in  fellowship  in  all  the 
mission  churches  connected  with  the  society,  es- 


cUisive  of  the  .Jamaica  churches,  which  had  become 
self-sustaining  in  a  great  measure,  was  6000.  The 
translating  and  printing  of  the  Scriptures  and 
Christian  literature  have  been  greatly  prospered 
during  the  later  period  of  the  society's  history.  No 
Indian  mission  has  so  remarkable  a  record  in 
this  department  of  Christian  work.  Dr.  Wenger, 
Rev.  C.  B.  Lewis,  and  Uev.  Mr.  Rouse  are  on  all 
hands  recognized  as  worthy  and  distinguished  suc- 
cessors of  Carey  and  his  coadjutors.  In  1878  the 
report  showed  that  the  Indian  mission  still  engaged 
the  larger  portion  of  the  society's  efforts,  but  that 
new  fields  had  been  opened  up  in  Western  Africa  and 
Italy.  'J"he  total  receipts  for  all  purposes  for  the 
yearamounted  to  £50,008  \~s.  lOrf.,  a  large  increase 
on  the  income  of  the  preceding  year.  Among  the 
more  important  features  of  the  modern  history  of 
the  society,  the  mission  at  Rome  and  in  other  parts 
of  Italy  is  to  be  mentioned,  and  also  the  wonder- 
fully laborious  and  successful  career  of  Mr.  .Saker 
in  Western  Africa. 

England,  Legal  Baptism  in. — At  this  moment 
two  clergymen  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  estaldished 
by  law  in  England,  are  in  prison  for  violating  the  ec- 
clesiastical enactments  and  decisions  which  claimed 
their  obedience.  Outside  of  the  state  church  they 
could  practise  any  customs  agrcealilc  to  themselves 
and  not  injurious  to  others.  But  the  laws  of  the 
Church  of  England  have  the  force  of  civil  statntes, 
and  inflict  secular  pains  and  penalties  upon  those 
who  break  them. 

Dr.  Richard  Burn,  a  former  chancellor  of  the 
diocese  of  Carlisle,  compiled  a  body  of  ecclesiastical 
enactments,  canons,  customs,  decisions, — a  church 
code  in  short, — which  he  called  "  Ecclesiastical 
Law."  He  is  an  Episcopalian  Blackstone  very 
much  in  dem.ind  among  the  clergy  of  the  English 
Church.  Of  the  mode  of  baptism  he  says,  "At 
first  baptism  was  administered  pul)licly  as  occasion 
served,  by  rivers.  Afterwards  the  baptistery  was 
built  at  the  entrance  of  the  church  or  very  near  it ; 
which  had  a  large  basin  in  it  that  held  the  persons 
to  be  baptized,  and  they  went  down  by  steps  into 
it.  Afterwards,  when  immersion  came  to  be  dis- 
u.sed,  fonts  were  set  up  at  the  entrance  of  the 
churches. 

"  The  priest  taking  the  child  into  his  hands, 
shall  .say  to  the  godfathers  and  godmothers,  '  Name 
this  child  ;'  and  then  naming  it  after  them,  if  they 
shall  certify  him  that  the  child  may  well  endure 
it,  he  shall  dipit  in  the  water,  discreetly  and  warily, 
saying,  '  N.,  I  baptize  thee,  in  the  name  of  the 
Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost  ;' 
but  if  the  child  is  weak  it  will  suffice  to  pour  water 
upon  it."  (Burn's  Ecclesiastical  Law,  vol.  i.  pp. 
101,  103.  London,  1787.)  Until  1842  this  work 
had  passed  through  nine  editions.  The  statement 
about  the  mode  of  baptizing  in  the  above  is  the 


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doctrine  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  it  is  at  the 
same  time  the  ciril  /</((,' of  England  for  the  admin- 
istration of  baptism  in  the  Established  Chiircli. 
Hence  it  follows,  according  to  the  highest  authority 
on  ecclesiastical  law: 

1st.  That  in  England  baptism,  in  the  beginning, 
was  administered  at  rivers,  and  afterwards  in  a 
liaptistery  at  the  entrance  of  the  church  or  very 
near  it,  with  a  basin  large  enough  to  hold  the  bap- 
tized, to  which  they  went  down  by  steps,  before 
immersion  was  disused. 

2d.  Thatiftlie  godfathers  and  godmothers  shall 
certify  the  clergyman  that  the  child  can  well  en- 
dure dipping,  he  must  dip  it,  or  risk  civil  penalties 
for  his  disobedience. 

3d.  That  pouring  is  not  the  propir  mode  of 
baptism  in  the  Church  of  England,  but  a  mere  make- 
shift, which  may  "  siifflre'  for  weak  children,  but 
should  never  be  administered  to  the  healthy. 

English  Baptists,  Historical  Sketch  of.— The 

Christian  religion  was  introduceil  into  liritain  in 
the  second  century,  and  it  spread  with  great  rapid- 
ity over  the  ancient  inhabitants, — that  is,  over  the 
Britons,  or  Welsh,  not  over  the  English,  who  came 
to  their  present  home  as  pagans  in  the  fifth  century, 
and  afterwards  gave  it  their  name.  The  ancient 
Britons,  unlike  the  English,  were  not  converted  by 
missionaries  from  Rome,  but  apparently  by  minis- 
ters from  the  East,  like  Irenjeus,  the  Greek  bishop 
of  Lyons,  in  France.  The  Britons  refused  obedi- 
ence to  the  commands  of  the  pope,  and  they  ob- 
served some  customs  in  opposition  to  the  usages  of 
the  Romish  Church.  It  is  highly  probable  that 
when  Augustine  landed  in  Britain  in  the  end 
of  the  sixth  century,  infants  were  not  baptized  in 
that  country.  '•  Pedobaptism  was  not  known  in 
the  world  the  first  two  ages  after  Christ;  in  the 
third  and  fourth  it  was  approved  by  a  few.  At 
length,  in  the  fifth  and  following  ages,  it  began  to 
obtain  in  diverse  places.''  Prof.  Curcellaeus,  of 
Amsterdam,  a  Pedobaptist,  states  the  truth  in  the 
foregoing  declaration.  (Crosby,  iii..  Preface,  p. 
xviii.)  As  the  Britons  had  no  relations  with 
Africa,  the  birthplace  of  infant  baptism,  and  no 
religious  ties  with  Rome,  and  little  intercourse  with 
tlio  distant  East  at  that  pcrioci,  it  is  most  likely  that 
the  infant  rite  was  wholly  unknown  among  them. 
When  Augustine  had  his  celebrated  conference  with 
the  British  bishops  at  Augustine's  Oak,  in  G03,  he  de- 
manded three  things  from  them  :  "  To  keep  Easter 
at  the  due  (Roman)  time:  In  administer  Jiajiti.im. 
by  which  we  are  again  born  to  God,  accordiuf/  to 
the  cii.itom  of  the  holy  Roman  Apostolic  Church; 
and  jointly  with  us  to  preach  the  Word  of  God  to 
the  English  nation."  Bede's  report  of  this  meeting 
in  his  '•  Ecclesiastical  History,"  lib.  ii.  cap.  2,  is 
undoubtedly  true.  By  some  the  demand  about 
baptism  is  regarded  as  infallible  testimony  that  the 


ancient  British  at  this  time  did  not  baptize  infants. 
This  view  lays  too  much  stress  u|ion  the  report  of 
Bede.  The  ancient  Britons  had  a  different  tonsure 
from  the  Komish  monks  and  their  English  sacerdo- 
tal converts,  and  the  lack  of  uniforiuity  about  this 
practice  was  the  cause  of  bitter  controversy  ;  and 
so  it  is  possible  that  the  ancient  Britons  may  have 
immersed  infants,  but  with  ceremonies  obnoxious 
to  Augustine.  The  probabilities,  however,  ,are  al- 
together in  favor  of  the  view  that  they  rejected  the 
baptism  of  such  children  and  unconscious  babes  as 
were  immersed  at  that  time  in  Rome,  It  should  be 
remembered  that  in  the  Eternal  City  at  this  period, 
and  for  some  ages  later,  little  children  were  cate- 
chised and  baptized  twice  a  year.  The  truth  about 
the  Britons  of  Augustine's  day  is  that  they  were 
most  probably  Baptists,  and  most  assuredly  not 
Ronuin  Catholics.  The  Irish  and  Scotch  in  that 
day  were  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  ancient 
Britons  in  wholly  rejecting  papal  authority,  and 
most  probably  infant  baptism.  St.  Patrick  was 
converted  just  as  Christians  are  now,  he  baptized 
converts  in  rivers  and  wells,  as  may  be  seen  in 
"  The  Baptism  of  the  Ages,"  and  to  us  he  appears 
to  have  been  a  Baptist  missionary :  his  religious 
successors  in  Ireland,  and  in  the  Scotch  churches 
which  sprang  up  from  their  missionary  labors,  and 
the  ancient  British  churches,  continued  independent 
of  Rome  for  a  considerable  period,  and  gradually 
fell  into  the  papal  apostasy,  the  Iri.sh  yielding  last 
to  the  sacerdotal  tyranny  of  the  Seven  Hills. 

Among  the  people  now  called  English,  the  An- 
gles, .Jutes,  and  Saxons,  who  first  began  to  enter 
Britain  in  the  middle  of  the  fifth  century,  and 
whose  conversion  to  Romish  Christianity  com- 
menced in  the  end  of  the  sixth.  Baptist  doctrines 
had  no  place  for  ages  after  the  death  of  Augustine, 
their  apostle. 

In  the  twelfth  century  about  thirty  Publicans  of 
foreign  birth  appeared  in  England.  They  were 
rustic  in  their  manners,  blameless  in  their  lives,  and 
their  leader,  Gerhard,  was  a  man  of  some  learning. 
They  made  one  Englishwoman  a  convert  to  their 
doctrines.  She  was  probably  the  first  Baptist  of 
Anglo-Saxon  birth.  These  persons  took  ''  the  doc- 
trine of  the  Apostles  as  their  rule  of  faith.''  They 
were  orthodox  about  the  Trinity  and  the  incarna- 
tion, but  "  they  rejected  baptism  and  the  holy  Eu- 
charist ;"  that  is,  they  rejected  inftint  baptism,  like 
their  Albigensian  brethren  on  the  Continent,  and 
the  Romish  mass,  together  with  the  remaining  pap.al 
sacraments.  A  council  of  bishops  met  at  Oxford 
in  1 160  to  try  these  pious  rejectors  of  papal  author- 
ity, and  when  they  were  threatened  with  punish- 
ment for  refusing  to  submit  to  the  Catholic  Church, 
they  replied.  '"  Blessed  are  they  that  suffer  perse- 
cution for  righteousness'  sake,  for  theirs  is  the 
kingdom  of   heaven."      The    council    condemned 


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them.  Upon  this  Henry  II.  ordered  them  to  he 
whipped  out  of  town  after  hein«;  V)randed  in  the 
foreliead,  and  he  forbade  any  one  "  to  entertain 
them  or  give  tlicm  any  manner  of  relief."  They 
endured  their  sufferings  joyfully,  and  departed,  led 
by  Gerhard,  singinj;,  "  Blessed  are  ye  when  men 
shall  hate  you.''  The  eeverity  of  the  winter,  the 
.superstitious  dread  of  heresy,  and  the  terror  of  the 
king,  destroj'cd  the.se  poor  people  by  hunger  and 
cold.  (Collier's  Eecles.  Hist,  of  Great  Britain,  ii. 
263-63.     London,  1840.) 

That  tliere  were  numbers  who  held  Baptist  sen- 
timents among  the  Lollards  and  the  followers  of 
Wickliffe  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt.  Ilobinson, 
the  Baptist  historian,  says,  ''  I  have  now  before  me 
a  MS.  register  of  Grey,  bishop  of  Ely,  whieh  proves 
that  in  the  year  1457  there  was  a  eongregation  of 
this  sort  (Baptist)  in  this  village  where  I  live,  who 
privately  assembled  for  divine  worship  and  had 
preachers  of  their  own,  who  taught  them  the  very 
doctrine  which  we  now  preach.  .Si.\  of  them  were 
accused  of  heresy  by  the  tyrants  of  the  district,  and 
condemned  to  abjure  heresy,  and  do  penance  half 
naked,  with  a  faggot  at  their  backs,  and  a  taper  in 
their  hands,  in  the  public  market-place  of  Ely  and 
Cambridge,  and  in  the  church-yard  of  Groat  Swaff- 
ham."  The  charges  against  them  in  substance 
were,  that  "  thej' denied  infant  baptism  (item,  quod 
puer  .  .  .  neo  egeat,  nee  baptizari  debeat  .  .  .)  ; 
that  they  rejected  extreme  unction ;  and  said  that 
the  pope  was  antichrist,  and  his  priests  were  devils 
incarnate."  (Kobinson's  Notes  on  Claude's  Essay, 
ii.  53,  55.)  These  Baptists  held  the  truth  before 
Luther  preached  the  doctrine  of  justification  by 
faith,  or  Craniner  favored  the  Reformation  in  Eng- 
land. Wc  have  reason  to  suppose  that  in  the  mul- 
titudes of  English  Lollards  there  were  many  Ana- 
baptists, and  not  a  few  conventicles  like  the  one  at 
Chesterton. 

In  1538,  according  to  Bishop  Burnet,  "there 
was  a  commission  sent  to  Cranmer,  Stokesly, 
Sampson,  and  some  other.s,  to  inquire  after  Ana- 
baptists, to  proceed  against  them,  to  restore  the 
penitent,  to  burn  their  books,  and  to  deliver  the 
olistinate  to  the  secular  arm.''  At  this  period  the 
Baptists  in  England  were  circulating  their  denomi- 
national literature,  and  were  sufficiently  numerous 
to  disturb  the  head  of  the  nation.  In  1560  the 
Anabaptists  were  not  only  numerous  in  England, 
but  some  of  them  were  "  creeping  into  Scotland," 
and  John  Knox  was  afraid  that  they  might  "  insidi- 
ously instill  their  poison  into  the  minds  of  .some  of 
his  brethren,"  and  he  lifted  his  powerful  pen  against 
our  people,  to  refute  their  arguments,  and  to  keep 
them  out  of  Scotland.  In  1553,  when  the  great 
Scotch  Reformer  was  in  London,  an  Anabaptist 
called  upon  him  at  "his  lodging"  and  "'gave  him  a 
book  written  by  one  of  this  party,  which  he  pressed 


him  to  read.''  (McCrie's  Life  of  .John  Knox, 
p.  137.  Philadelphia,  1845.)  Ivimey  (i.  138)  says. 
"  It  is  thought  the  General  Baptist  Church  of  Can- 
terbury has  existed  for  two  hundred  and  fifty  years 
(written  in  1811),  and  that  Joan  Boucher  was  a 
member  of  it,  who  was  burned  in  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward VL  "  This  would  make  1.501,  the  year  when 
the  church  was  founded,  but  it  must  have  existed 
eleven  years  earlier  if  Joan  of  Kent  lielonged  to  it: 
and  it  may  have  been  older  than  1550.  Ivimey 
represents  the  church  at  Eyethorne  as  formed  be- 
fore 1581.  Dr.  Some,  an  English  Episcopalian,  of 
great  repute,  wrote  a  treatise  in  158'.l  against  Bar- 
row, Greenwood,  and  others  of  the  Puritan  sect, 
"  wherein  he  endeavored  to  show  what  agreement 
there  was  between  the  opinions  of  the  English  Ana- 
baptists and  these  men.  Dr.  Some  acknowledges 
that  there  were  several  Anabaptistical  conventicles 
in  London  and  other  places,  that  some  of  this  sect, 
as  well  as  the  Papists,  had  been  bred  at  the  uni- 
versities." (Crosby,  i.  76.)  At  this  period  the  Bap- 
tists with  separate  places  of  meeting  and  educated 
ministers  must  have  been  in  the  enjoyment  of  con- 
siiierable  prosperity. 

In  1611,  Thomas  IIclwj'S.  pastor  of  the  English 
Baptist  church  of  Amsterdam,  in  Holland,  con- 
cluded that  it  seemed  cowardly  to  stay  out  of  his 
country  to  avoid  persecution,  and  that  it  was  his 
duty  to  return  and  preach  the  truth  at  home,  and 
cheer  his  sufi'ering  brethren  ;  his  church,  when 
he  gave  his  reasons,  agreed  to  go  with  him  ;  and 
probably  in  1612  the  Amsterdam  English  Baptist 
church  was  in  London,  and  very  soon  became  a 
strong  community. 

In  1020  the  English  Baptists  presented  King 
James  I.  a  very  able  petition,  in  which  they  declare 
their  loyalty,  tell  his  m.njesty  about  their  grievous 
imprisonment  "  for  many  years  in  divers  counties 
in  England,"  explain  their  principles,  and  appeal 
to  the  king,  and  to  the  Parliament  then  sitting,  to 
relieve  them  from  persecutions.  At  this  period 
there  was  undoubtedly  a  considerable  number  of 
Baptists  in  England  :  some  of  them  formed  into 
churches,  and  others  scattered  throughout  the 
nation.  The  foundation  was  in  existence  for  that 
magnificent  denominational  success  which  thirty 
years  later  a--tonished  Baptists  themselves  and 
utterly  confounded  those  who  disliked  them. 

PARTICIL.^R  BAPTI.STS. 
In  1616  a  Congregational  church  was  established 
in  London,  of  which  Henry  -Jacob  was  the  first 
pastor.  His  successor  in  1033  was  .John  Lathorp. 
At  that  time  certain  members  of  the  church  holding 
Baptist  sentiments  sought  its  sanction  to  form  a 
church  of  baptized  believers.  The  approval  was 
given.  The  new  church  was  organized  Sept.  12, 
1633.     This  community  was  the  first  Enirlish  Cal- 


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vinistical  or  Particular  Baptist  church  whose  special 
liistury  we  can  trace  with  the  greatest  facility. 
John  Spilsbury  wiis  its  first  pastor.  (Crosby,  i. 
148.) 

The  Protectorate  was  a  period  of  remarkable 
Baptist  growth.  Our  brethren  were  full  of  zeal. 
They  used  the  pres.s  in  every  direction  ;  peddlers 
cried  Baptist  books  for  sale  up  and  down  the  streets 
of  cities  and  towns  a.s  newsboys  invite  customers 
among  us  for  the  daily  papers ;  tracts  were  dis- 
tributed in  the  army  and  elsewhere  :  sermons  were 
preached  in  the  streets  by  brethren  and  on  the 
doorsteps  by  sisters,  like  the  godly  women  of  Bed- 
ford who  told  .John  Bunyan  about  the  Saviour; 
soldiers  preached  to  each  other  in  the  barracks  and 
on  the  march  :  and  the  officers  were  heralds  of  sal- 
vation when  they  h.nd  an  opportunity.  And  as  a 
result  Baptist  principles  triumphed  to  an  extent 
that  created  wonder  and  alarm. 

Maj.-Gen.  Overton,  according  to  Clarendon,*  was 
a  Baptist,  a  man  of  great  religious  fervor,  and  a 
fearless  soldier.  Gen.  Lilburn  was  an  enthusiastic 
Baptist.  Lieut.-Gen.  Fleetwood,  the  son-in-law  of 
Cromwell,  as  the  "  Parliamentary  Ilistory"!  states, 
was  a  Baptist.  Richard  BaxterJ  represents  Gen. 
Ludlow,  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  forces  in 
Ireland,  as  "  the  head  of  the  Anabaptists  in  that 
country."  Gen.  Harrison  was  a  Baptist  worthy  of 
immortal  regard.  Clarendon  describes  "  Vice-Ad- 
miral  Lawson  as  a  notorious  Anabaptist  who  had 
filled  the  fleet  with  officers  and  mariners  of  the 
same  principles."?  Of  the  governors  and  colonels 
the  number  belonging  to  the  Baptists  was  remark- 
able. .\nd  wherever  the  Knglish  army  or  fleet  was 
found  the  Baptists  made  themselves  felt.  Ivimey|| 
quotes  a  letter  from  Capt.  Richard  Deane  to  Dr. 
Barlow,  bishop  of  Lincoln,  in  which  he  says,  "  In 
the  year  1649  the  Baptists  greatly  increased  in  the 
country,  and  their  opinions  did  likewise  spread 
themselves  into  some  of  the  regiments  of  hor.se  and 
foot  in  the  army  :  and  in  10.')0  and  afterwards  some 
professing  this  opinion  were  called  from  their  pri- 
vate employments  and  preferred  to  commands  at 
sea.  Among  others  Capt.  Mildmay,  to  command 
the  admiral's  flag-ship,  under  the  Duke  of  Albe- 
marle (Monk),  when  he  was  one  of  the  'generals 
at  sea'  ;  Capt.  Pack,  to  command  the  flag-ship  under 
Sir  George  .\scue,  rear-admiral  ;  Sir  John  Ilarman 
to  command  the  admiral's  flag-ship  under  his  royal 
highness  the  Duke  of  York."  "  In  and  after  1649 
»tlieir  numbers  did  increase,  insomuch  that  the  prin- 
cipal officers  in  divers  regiments  of  horse  and  foot 


•Clarendon's  Ilistot;  of  the  Rebellion,  ill.  60,  728.     Oxford, 
17()G. 
t  Evans's  Early  English  Baptists,  li.  190,  2(10.  2U.    Lomlon. 
J  Ba.\tcr's  Life,  r,9,  70. 

i  History  of  the  RelwUion,  iii.  72S.    Oxford,  17IW. 
I  Ivimey's  Historj-  of  tlie  Engli:ih  Baptists,  i.  205,  29C.     London. 


became  Anabaptists,  particularly  Oliver  Cromwell's 
own  regiment  of  horse,  when  he  was  captain-gen- 
eral of  all  the  Parliament's  forces;  and  in  the 
Duke  of  Albemarle's  own  regiment  of  foot,  when 
he  was  general  of  all  the  English  forces  in  Scot- 
land." The  writer  of  this  letter  was  a  Baptist, 
and  a  "  general  at  sea"  with  Gens.  Blake  and 
Monk.  In  that  day  this  title  meant  the  highest 
grade  of  admiral.  Gen.  Lilburns  troops  had  a 
large  representation  of  Baptists,  who  held  religious 
meetings  wherever  they  were  on  duty  ;  and  their 
denominational  sympathies  were  as  well  known 
in  Enirland  as  the  Presbyterianism  of  Sir  Ar- 
thur llaslerig,  or  the  Congregationalism  of  Oliver 
Cromwell.  Thomas  Harrison  writing  Secretary 
Thurloe  from  Dublin  in  16.05. *[  describing  the  Bap- 
tists in  Ireland,  says,  '"  They  have  governors  of 
towns  and  cities,  twelve  at  least ;  colonels,  ten  ; 
lieutenant-colonels,  three  or  four :  majors,  ten : 
captains,  nineteen  or  twenty ;  officers  in  the  civil 
list,  twenty-three ;  and  many  [others]  of  whom  I 
never  heard."  The  writer  of  this  letter  begins  it 
with  expressions  of  sorrow  for  a  country  with  such 
a  list  of  Baptists  in  official  positions.  These  Bap- 
tists were  all  Englishmen  temporarily  located  in 
Ireland.  Probably  in  the  list  above  Col.  Sadler, 
the  governor  of  Galway,  is  counted,  who,  according 
to  Heath,**  with  all  his  officers,  were  Anabaptists. 
The  most  reniarkaVjle  record  of  Baptist  progress  in 
the  English  army  in  Ireland  we  hjive  from  the 
ready  pen  of  good,  murmuring  Richard  Baxter. 
He  says  that  in  Cromwell's  sway,  "  In  Ireland  the 
Anabaptists  were  grown  so  high  that  many  of  the 
soldiers  were  rebaptized  [immersed]  as  the  way  to 
preferment ;  and  they  who  opposed  them  were 
crushed  with  uncharitable  fierceness.''  This  is  a 
proof  of  popularity  and  influence,  the  force  of 
which  we  can  easily  appreciate.  The  unprincipled 
he.tthen  enrolled  themselves  as  Christians  when 
Constantine  the  Great  proclaimed  himself  a  fol- 
lower of  the  Redeemer.  And  in  Ireland,  as  Mr. 
Baxter  affirms.  Baptist  principles  were  so  precious 
to  men  in  power  that  Pedobaptist  soldiers,  with  an 
accommodating  conscience,  professed  to  adopt  them 
to  secure  higher  positions  in  the  army.  In  a  letter 
addressed  to  Cromwell,  and  preserved  by  Thurloe.tf 
his  principal  secretary,  written  after  he  made  him- 
self a  dictator,  and  after  he  began  to  persecute 
Baptist  soldiers  because  they  disliked  his  despotical 
assumptions,  it  is  asked,  '•  Have  not  the  Anabap- 
tists filled  your  towns,  your  cities,  your  provinces, 
vour  castles,  your  navies,  your  tents,  your  armies, 
except  that  which  went  to  the  West  Indies,  which 
prospered  so  well?''     This  army   was  shamefully 


•"  Tlinrl<M?'s  State  Papers,  iv.  01.     London.  1742. 

»«  Heath's  Clminieles,  p.  4.iS. 

t+  Thurloe's  State  Paiwrs,  iii.  150-1.    London,  17-12. 


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defeated  at  Ilispaniola.  The  writer  then  puts  some 
other  questions  to  the  Lord  I'roteclor :  "1st. 
Whether  you  had  come  to  that  lieight  you  are  now 
in  if  the  Anabaptists  liad  been  as  much  your  ene- 
mies as  they  were  your  friends?  2nd.  Whether 
the  Anabaptists  were  ever  unfaithful  either  to  the 
Commonwealth,  tfec,  in  general,  or  to  your  liighness 
in  particular?  3rd.  Whether  Anabaptists  arc  not 
to  be  commended  for  their  integrity,  which  had 
rather  keep  good  faitli  and  a  good  conscience,  al- 
though it  may  lose  them  their  employment  [in  the 
army],  than  to  keep  their  employment  with  the 
loss  of  both  ?  .  .  .  6th.  Whether  one  hundred  of 
the  old  Anabaptists,  such  as  marched  under  your 
command  in  1648,  1649,  and  10o(*,  &e.,  be  not  as 
good  as  two  hundred  of  your  new  courtiers,  if  you 
were  in  such  a  condition  as  you  were  at  Dunbar?" 
It  was  at  Dunbar,  near  Edinburgh,  where  Crom- 
well gained  a  great  victory  over  30,000  splendid 
Scotch  troops,  with  an  army  not  more  than  10,000 
strong  of  all  arms,  and  greatly  discouraged  by  sick- 
ness and  want,  many  of  whom  were  valiant  Ana- 
baptists. From  this  letter,  the  truth  of  wliieh  can- 
not be  questioned,  the  Baptists  occupied  many 
positions  of  great  importance  and  power  under  the 
Commonwealth  and  under  Cromwell. 

But  the  most  convincing  evidence  of  the  influence 
possessed  by  the  Baptists  just  before  the  restoration 
of  Charles  II.  is  found  in  the  efforts  made  by  the 
Presbyterians  to  place  that  monarch  on  the  throne. 
The  first  Stuart  monarch  of  England  renounced  his 
Presbyterian  education  and  professed  principles,  and 
ever,  after  he  entered  England,  was  a  malignant 
enemy  of  the  church  of  Calvin  and  Knox,  llis  son, 
Charles  I.,  was  a  wicked  persecutor  of  everything 
borderingon  Presbyteriaiiism.  Charles  II.  before  he 
ascended  the  throne  of  his  fathers  showed  no  reliable 
mark  of  improvement  to  win  the  favor  of  an  honest 
Presbyterian.  Xor  had  he  a  single  confidential 
friend  whose  character  afforded  one  ray  of  hope  that 
Charles  was  more  favoralily  disposed  to  Presl)y- 
terianism  than  his  father  or  his  grandfather.  The 
Presbyterians  of  England  and  Scotland  restored 
Charles  II.  No  one  competent  to  give  an  opinion 
denies  this.  Why  did  they  engage  in  such  work? 
They  have  a  grand  character  as  the  friends  of 
liberty  and  of  God.  We  have  wept  in  reading 
the  records  of  their  martyrs,  and  gloried  in  the 
courage  of  their  heroes.  How  came  they  to  place 
on  the  throne  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  a 
treacherous  Roman  Catholic  ?  Guizot,*  the  French 
Protestant  statesman,  tells  the  secret  when  he 
says.  ■'  The  king's  interest  is  .also  supported  by 
the  Presbyterians,  although  they  are  republicans 
in  principle;  and  it  is  only  the  fear  that  the  Ana- 
baptists and  other  sectaries  may  obtain  the  govern- 

*  Guizut's  Riclianl  Cromwell,  i.  407. 


ment  which  leads  them  to  oppose  the  present  au- 
thorities.' The  Presbyterians  at  the  period  re-  * 
fcrred  to  l)y  Gui/.ot,  just  before  the  restoration,  had 
only  been  placed  in  possession  of  the  government  for 
the  first  time  in  several  years.  The  Episcopalians, 
when  Richard  Cromwell  withdrew  from  the  gov- 
ernment, were  of  little  account.  The  Independents 
and  Cromwell  had  it  for  a  long  time  ;  and  the  new 
rulers  were  alarmed  lest  the  Anabaptists  should 
seize  the  reins  of  state  and  give  lasting  liberty  of 
conscience,  which  to  theiu  was  odious,  and  spread 
their  principles  still  more  widely  through  all  ranks 
of  society ;  and  they  joined  the  old  iravaliers  to 
bring  the  royal  exile  from  Breda  because  the  Bap- 
tists were  so  numerous  and  powerful  that  they  were 
afraid  they  might  seize  the  government.  The  king, 
on  obtaining  the  crown,  crushed  the  Presbyterians 
without  pity,  and  wickedly  persecuted  the  Baptists. 
They  were  imprisoned  in  loathsome  dungeons ;  in  one 
place  sixty  of  them  were  confined  in  a  room  nine  feet 
wide  and  fourteen  feet  long  ;  in  manj'  of  the  jails  the 
Baptists  were  brought  in  such  throngs  that  some 
had  to  stand  while  others  lay  down  to  sleep.  Mul- 
titudes died  through  the  foul  air  of  the  prisons. 
Others  were  kicked,  beaten,  and  outrageously 
abused,  until  death  came  to  their  relief.  Some 
were  sold  as  slaves  in  Jamaica.  Henry  Forty  was 
imprisoned  twelve  years  in  Exeter:  .John  Bunyan, 
during  the  .same  period,  in  Bedford  ;  another  min- 
ister twenty  years  in  the  same  place  ;  and  others 
were  hung,  drawn,  and  quartered.  But  the  martyr 
spirit  never  exhibited  it.self  more  gloriously  than 
among  these  Baptist  worthies.  Their  enemies  were 
confounded,  if  they  were  not  conquered,  by  their 
blessed  expressions  and  heroism,  in  losses,  confine- 
ment, and  agonizing  pains. 

Their  love  of  the  widest  liberty  of  conscience, 
and  of  pure  democracy,  had  unquestionably  an  ex- 
tensive influence  in  shaping  public  opinion  under 
Charles  II.  and  .James  II.  in  Great  Britain.  So 
that  at  last  the  high-churchmen,  whose  fathers 
bled  on  many  battle-fields  for  the  divine  right  of 
kings  and  the  passive  obedience  of  subjects,  began 
to  believe  that  Englishmen  had  some  rights  whit^li 
even  kings  should  be  compelled  to  respect;  and 
James  II.,  by  the  persuasive  threatenings  of  an 
angry  people,  fled  to  France,  and  William  III., 
the  illustrious  Hollander,  a.scended  the  throne  of 
Britain  with  the  joyful  acclamations  of  most  Eng- 
lishmen, and  the  speedy  obedience  of  all  ;  and  from 
him  and  the n.ition came  "The  Toleration  Act,"  and, 
an  extension  and  consolidation  of  British  liberty  ; 
results  of  a  glorious  revolution,  many  of  the  seeds 
of  which  were  planted  by  the  teachings  and  in- 
structive sufferings  of  our  British  Baptist  fathers 
of  the  seventeenth  century. 

From  the  persecutions  of  the  last  two  Stuart  kings 
the  Baptists  in  England,  for  a  long  period,  did  not 


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recover.  They  lunl  been  robbed,  murJered,  com- 
pelled to  emii;rate,  and  destroyed  in  prison  in  thou- 
sands, nevertheless  they  continued  to  hope,  and 
they  labored  faithfully  for  the  Master.  A  time  of 
religious  declension  darkening  the  latter  part  of  the 
seventeenth  and  more  than  a  third  of  the  eighteenth 
century  was  as  great  a  calamity  to  our  brethren. 
In  1720  the  Bristol  Baptist  i-ollege  was  founded,  and 
in  succeeding  years  it  largely  blessed  the  churches  ; 
now  there  are  five  colleges  in  England  among  the 
Particular  Baptists.  The  great  awakening  under 
the  preaching  of  Whitefield  exerted  an  immense  in- 
fluence over  Great  Britain,  in  the  blessings  of  which 
the  Baptists  shared.  The  descending  Spirit  contin- 
ued to  favor  them  richly,  and  they  projected  the 
mission  to  India,  and  sent  out  Dr.  Carey,  the  pioneer 
missionary  of  modern  times.  At  present  the  Eng- 
lish Baptists  are  doing  a  noble  work  for  their  own 
country,  and  for  various  quarters  of  the  heathen 
world.  In  England  proper  there  are  30  Associa- 
tions, 1954  churches,  1.385  ministers,  195,199  mem- 
bers. 

It  is  probable  that  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Ire- 
land, since  the  decline  of  early  Irish  Christianity, 
was  planted  in  Dublin  by  Thomas  Patient.  He 
was  a  minister  of  .apostolic  zeal,  and  for  years  co- 
pastor  with  William  Kiffin.  of  London.  In  1653 
churches  existed  in  AVaterford,  Clonmel,  Kilkenny, 
Cork,  Limerick,  Wexford,  Carrickfergus,  and  Kerrv. 
But  as  the  Baptist  ofiicers  and  soldiers  of  Crom- 
well's army  left  these  localities  the  churches  in 
some  cases  must  have  been  immediately  broken  up. 
At  present  the  churches  in  Ireland  nnmber  only 
29,  with  1358  members.  Baptist  churches  were 
planted  in  Scotland  by  Cromwell's  soldiers.  The 
church  at  Leith  was  among  the  very  first.  But,  as 
in  Ireland,  our  denomination  has  h.ad  little  pros- 
perity, 80  we  have  failed  seriously  to  impress  the 
.Scotch.  We  have  90  churches,  and  9096  members, 
in  the  land  from  which  the  immortal  Knox  warned 
us.  Man}'  distinguished  men  have  been  identified 
with  the  British  and  Irish  Baptists,  such  as  llan- 
serd  Knollys,  William  Kiftin,  John  Milton.  John 
Bunyan,  John  Gill,  John  Howard,  William  Carey, 
John  Foster,  Andrew  Fuller,  Robert  Hall,  Alex- 
ander Carson,  the  Haldanes,  Sir  Henry  Havelock, 
C.  II.  Spurgoon,  and  others,  sketches  of  whom 
will  be  found  in  this  work.     (See  article  on  Welsh 

B.\PTISTS.) 

GENERAL    B.\PTISTS. 

Until  1633  we  have  no  distinct  account  of  the 
existence  of  an  English  Baptist  church  resting  on 
a  basis  wholly  Calvinistical.  After  that  period  the 
points  of  difference  between  the  Arminian  and  Cal- 
vinistical churches  are  clearly  defined.  The  Gen- 
eral Baptists  were,  and  still  nominally  are,  Armin- 
ians.  Their  first  Confession  of  Faith  was  issued  in 
25 


Holl.and  in  1611.  In  1660  they  published  another, 
which  received  the  sanction  of  20,0(J<J  persons.  At 
this  period,  just  after  the  unhappy  assumption  of 
royal  power  by  Charles  II.,  they  were  cpiite  nu- 
merous. In  I67S  another  creed  was  published  by 
a  section  of  the  General  Baptists,  which  was  de- 
signed to  approach  Calvinism  as  closely  as  its  com- 
pilers d.ared.  In  1091  the  members  of  this  body 
living  in  Somersetshire  and  adjacent  counties  issued 
another  Confession.  After  having  done  much  for 
the  cause  of  God  and  truth,  and  grown  to  consid- 
erable strength,  some  of  the  General  Baptists 
adopted  Unitarian  sentiments,  and  others  followed 
their  example.  The  innovation  led  to  bitter  con- 
troversies, and  as  in  the  similar  case  of  the  old 
English  Presbyterians,  to  the  decay  and  dissolution 
of  churches  :  this  heresy  caused  deep  sorrow  to 
Christ's  remaining  friends,  who  mourned  over  the 
doctrinal  errors  and  lax  discipline  of  their  churches, 
and  at  last,  in  1770.  they  formed  The  New  Con- 
nection of  General  Baptists,  under  the  leadership 
of  two  pastors,  Dan  Taylor,  of  Wadsworth.  York- 
shire, and  W.  Thompson,  of  Boston,  Lincolnshire, 
for  the  purpose  of  reviving  Scriptural  piety  and 
evangelical  sentiments  among  the  old  General  Bap- 
tists. Their  first  step  was  to  send  a  deputation  to 
the  Assembly  of  General  Baptists  in  London  stating 
their  reasons  for  separation,  and  bidding  their 
former  associates  farewell.  On  the  following  d:i> 
Dan  Taylor  preached  to  the  new  body  from  2  Tim. 
i.  8  :  "  Be  not  thou  ashamed  of  the  testimony  of  our 
Lord,"  and  presided  over  the  meeting  which  then 
formally  initiated  the  New  Connection  of  General 
Baptists.  In  order  that  there  might  be  no  uncer- 
tainty as  to  what  they  considered  the  faith  and 
pr.actice  of  primitive  Christianity,  a  creed  of  six 
articles  was  proposed  and  adopted,  not  as  a  com- 
plete exposition  of  their  whole  belief,  but  as  a  dec- 
laration of  their  views  on  the  points  which  had 
been  often  debated  between  them  and  their  old  as- 
sociates. This  creed  was  also  intended  to  constitute 
a  test,  without  agreement  to  which  their  former 
friends  could  not  enter  the  new  communion.  It 
was  also  considered  desirable  that  every  minister 
should  give  an  account  of  his  religious  experience 
at  their  next  meeting  in  1771.  for  their  satisfaction 
concerning  the  reality  of  each  other's  conversion. 
The  six  articles  expressed  orthodox  views  concern- 
ing the  fall  of  man,  the  nature  and  perpetual  obli- 
gation of  the  moral  law,  the  person  and  work  of 
Christ,  salvation  by  faith,  regeneration  by  the  Holy 
Spirit,  and  baptism.  The  last  article  reads  as  fol- 
lows :  ■■  We  believe  that  it  is  the  indispensable  dirtv 
of  all  who  repent  and  believe  the  gospel  to  be  bap- 
tized by  immersion  in  water,  in  order  to  be  initiated 
into  a  church-state ;  and  that  no  person  ought  to 
be  received  into  the  church  without  submission  to 
that  ordinance.''     The  number  of  churches  uniting 


ENGLISH 


378 


ENGLISH 


was  seven  only,  some  of  them  far  asunder  as  to 
locality,  but  containing  upwards  of  1200  members. 
Repeated  attempts  were  made  to  reunite  the  Old 
and  New  Connections,  but  without  avail.  The 
seceders  went  steadily  forward  in  the  work  of  edi- 
fication and  extension,  providing  a  collection  of 
hymns,  and  a  catechism  containing  the  most  im- 
portant principles  of  religion  and  reasons  for  dis- 
sent from  statecliurches.  They  agreed  to  hold  an 
annual  Association  in  different  places,  and  to  pub- 
lish a  Circular  Letter,  written  by  appointment,  to- 
gether with  the  minutes  uf  each  yearly  meeting. 
In  1T'J7  it  was  determined  to  provide  assistance  to 
candidates  for  the  ministry.  Pursuant  to  this  reso- 
lution !in  academy  was  opened  in  January,  1798,  in 
London,  and  placed  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Dan 
Taylor.  About  the  same  time  a  magazine  was 
started  to  aid  in  sustaining  the  academy.  This 
enterprise  having  failed,  another  periodical  was 
brought  out,  called  the  Repository,  in  which  the 
general  transactions  of  the  body  were  recorded,  and 
a  medium  of  communication  opened  on  subjects  of 
common  interest.  The  missionary  spirit  which  hail 
been  aroused  among  the  Particular  Baptists  found 
favor  with  many  members  of  the  New  Connection, 
and  contributions  were  made  to  the  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Society.  In  LS16,  however,  it  was  resolved 
to  form  a  new  mission,  the  operations  of  which 
should  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  annual  As- 
sociation. The  mission  has  labored  with  distin- 
guished efficiency  and  success,  mainly  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Orissa,  Bengal.  Its  income  from  all  sources 
for  the  year  ending  May  31,  1877,  was  £9332. 
Home  missionary  work  is  carried  on  in  the  districts 
where  the  churches  are  chiefly  found,  under  the 
management  of  conferences,  from  which  reports  are 
made  to  the  annual  assembly  of  ministers  and  del- 
egates. Most  of  the  churches  of  which  the  New 
Connection  was  first  constituted  were  located  in  the 
midland  district  of  England,  namely,  Leicester- 
shire, Nottinghamshire,  Lincolnshire,  and  Derby- 
shire. Although  they  now  number  1S4  churches, 
and  are  scattered  over  twenty  counties,  the  strength 
of  the  denomination  is  still  found  in  the  midland 
district.  All  the  churches  still  unite  in  one  Asso- 
ciation, meeting  annually  by  their  representatives 
for  the  transaction  of  business  and  for  fraternal 
fellowship.  The  latest  returns  show  a  total  mem- 
bership of  nearly  25,000.  The  annual  assembly 
consists  of  ministers  who  are  members  ex  officio, 
and  of  representatives  sent  from  the  (churches  in  a 
certain  fixed  ratio.  It  is  never  held  in  any  place 
oftener  than  once  in  seven  years.  The  affiliated 
churches  are  expected  to  contribute  to  the  support 
of  the  denominational  institutions,  such  as  home 
and  foreign  missions  and  the  college.  If  any  church 
declines  to  render  this  support,  it  forfeits  its  right 
of  speaking  or  voting  in  relation  to  these  institu- 


tions. Whilst  acknowledging  the  perfect  inde- 
pendence of  the  churches,  and  avoiding  all  synodic 
action  which  would  infringe  it,  the  assembly  claims 
the  right  to  guard  the  faith  and  morals  of  the  Con- 
nection, and,  if  need  be,  to  cut  off  a  church  from 
fellowship.  In  like  manner  any  minister  convicted 
of  heresy  or  immorality,  even  if  his  church  should 
adhere  to  him,  would  be  disowned,  and  his  name 
erased  from  the  ministerial  list.  As  the  name 
"General  Baptist"  indicates,  the  body  professes  the 
doctrine  of  "general  redemption,"  in  opposition  to 
the  doctrine  of  "  )iarticular  redemption,"  which  is 
the  tenet  of  the  Particular  or  Calvinistic  Baptists. 
It  is  commonly  supposed  that  the  designation  Gen- 
eral Baptist  refers  to  the  practice  of  open  or  free 
communion.  But  the  article  on  baptism  already 
cited  is  sufficient  to  show  that  the  General  Baptists 
restrict  communion  to  the  baptized.  The  practice 
of  the  churches  of  the  New  Connection  is  not,  how- 
ever, uniform  in  this  matter.  Another  mistake  is 
not  uncommon,  the  origin  of  which  is  also  traceable 
to  the  name.  As  "  general"  is  sometimes  taken  in 
the  sense  oi  universal,  it  is  presumed  that  the  Gen- 
eral Baptists  are  Universalists,— a  mistake  which 
receives  countenance  from  the  fact  that  the  old  body 
from  which  the  New  Connection  seceded  has  now 
almost  entirely  merged  into  the  Unitarian  denomi- 
nation. Efforts  have  been  made  from  time  to  time 
to  amalgamate  the  New  Connection  with  the  larger 
body  known  as  the  Particular  Baptists,  but  no 
formal  action  has  been  taken  by  either  section. 
Almost  all  the  churches  belong,  however,  to  the 
Baptist  Union  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Mem- 
bers are  freely  transferred  by  letters  of  dismission 
from  one  body  to  the  other,  and  General  Baptist 
churches  sometimes  choose  Particular  Baptist  pas- 
tors, and  some  General  Baptists  have  been  settled 
over  Particular  Baptist  churches.  In  later  years 
some  of  the  ministers  and  churches  of  the  New 
Connection  have  approximated  to  the  views  of 
modern  Calvinists.  The  college  at  Chilwell,  near 
Nottingham,  for  the  training  of  ministerial  stu- 
dents, is  well  sustained.  It  has  fine  premises,  in- 
cluding a  detached  residence  for  the  president,  and 
between  seven  and  eight  acres  of  land.  Many 
eminent  ministers  and  missionaries  have  been  sent 
forth  from  this  institution,  and  the  standard  of 
ministerial  education  has  been  raised  to  as  high  a 
level  as  in  other  theological  seminaries.  The  mis- 
sionary work  of  the  body  in  Orissa  has  become 
famous  through  the  zeal  and  success  of  such  de- 
voted laborers  as  Sutton,  Peggs,  Goadly,  Buckley, 
Stubbins,  Barley,  and  others.  Among  tho.se  min- 
isters who  have  lately  labored  or  are  still  laboring 
in  the  home  field,  the  names  of  Pike,  Stevenson, 
Hunter,  Goadly.  Burns,  Matthews,  Clifford,  and 
Cox  are  widely  known  as  preachers  and  writers  of 
eminent  ability  and  usefulness.    Though  possessing 


EPHRATA 


379 


ESTEE 


the  field  at  an  earlier  day  than  their  Calvinistical 
brethren,  they  have  never  obtained  the  same  meas- 
ure of  success. 

Ephrata  is  in  Cocolico  Township,  Lancaster 
County,  sixty  miles  from  Pliiladelphia.  In  1770 
the  villai^e  was  frequently  called  Tunkerstown 
(Dipperstown),  and  it  had  about  thirty  or  forty 
buildinjrs.  Conrad  Beissel,  a  Seventh-Day  Baptist, 
located  here  in  1733.  and  soon  a  community  wliich 
he  had  formed  at  Mill  Creek,  Pa.,  gathered  around 
him. 

There  were  three  places  of  worship  in  this  vil- 
la<;e.  One  adjoined  the  apartuients  of  the  sisters, 
and  it  was  regarded  as  their  chapel,  and  one  was 
near  the  house  of  the  brethren  for  their  use ;  the 
third  was  a  common  church  built  some  distance 
from  the  chapels,  where  brethren,  sisters,  and  tlie 
married  people,  with  their  families,  met  once  a 
week  for  worship.  The  churches  wera  called  Sharon, 
Bethany,  and  Zion,  and  all  belonged  to  the  same 
small  community. 

The  si.iters  adopted  the  dress  of  nuns,  and  the 
brethren  that  of  White  Friars,  with  some  altera- 
tions. Both  took  the  vow  of  celibacy,  and  wlii'n 
any  one  broke  the  vow  he  quitted  the  single  men's 
house  and  lived  among  the  neighboring  married 
people.  Those  devoted  to  a  single  life  slept  at  first 
on  board  benches  with  blocks  for  pillows,  but  a 
little  later  they  became  backsliders  somewhat,  and 
used  l)eds.  The  men  wore  their  beards.  The 
brethren  obtained  a  living  by  farming,  a  printing- 
office,  a  paper-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  an  oil-mill; 
and  the  sisters  by  spinning,  weaving,  and  sewing. 
They  kept  the  seventh  day  for  the  Sabbath.  Their 
singing  in  worship  was  charming.  Notwithstanding 
their  peculiar  appearance,  a  "smiling  innocence 
and  meekness  grace  their  countenances  and  make 
their  deportment  gentle  and  obliging."  This  was 
their  state  in  1770  according  to  Morgan  Edwards. 

Errett,  Hon.  Russell,  was  bom  in  New  York 
in  1817,  and  removed  to  Pennsylvania  in  1829. 
He  is  by  profession  an  editor,  and  has  held  va- 
rious public  offices.  In  1800  he  was  elected  comp- 
troller of  Pittsburgh  ;  he  was  clerk  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania senate  for  three  different  sessions ;  was 
appointed  paymaster  in  the  U.  S.  army  in  1861, 
and  served  until  mustered  out  in  1866  ;  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  senate  of  Pcnnsjdvania  in 
1867;  he  was  appointed  assessor  of  internal  rev- 
enue in  ISO',),  serving  until  1873.  lie  was  three 
times  elected  from  the  22d  district  of  the  State  as 
their  Representative  in  Congress,  in  which  capacity 
he  is  now  doing  good  service. 

Russell  Errett  was  baptized  in  Pittsburgh,  and 
held  his  first  membership  in  the  church  of  the  Dis- 
ciples, but  coming  to  Mansfield,  Alleghany  County, 
he,  together  with  his  wife,  united  with  the  newly- 
formed  regular  Baptist  church,  and  has  found  here 


a  suitable  home.  Ills  brother  Isaac  is  editor  of  the 
Christian  Standard,  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  was  bap- 
tized at  the  same  time. 

Mr.  Errett  is  a  con.scientiou8  Christian,  a  Repre- 
sentative of  distinguished  ability,  and  a  public  man 
of  great  purity  of  life. 

Espy,  T.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cass  Co.,  Ga.,  in 
1837  ;  educated  at  Howard  College,  Ala. ;    three 


T.  B.  ESPY,  D.D. 

years  a  chaplain  in  Confederate  army  ;  pastor  two 
years  at  Athens,  Ga. ;  then  became  pastor  two  years 
of  First  Baptist  church.  Little  Rock,  Ark. ;  in  1873, 
in  connection  with  T.  P.  Boone,  became  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Western  Baptist,  at  Little  Rock, 
which  was  suspended  in  1879.  He  then  became 
connected  with  the  Baptist  Refierior,  and  at  present 
is  connected  with  the  Amiriran  Baptist  Flaij.  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Dr.  Espy  has  engaged  creditably  in 
four  public  discussions.  Ilis  residence  is  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

Estabrooks,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
Baptist  ministers  of  New  Brunswick,  who  often 
attended  the  meetings  of  the  Ba|itiat  Association  of 
Xova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  in  its  early  his- 
tory, and  was  for  many  years  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Waterbury,  Queens  Co.,  New  Brunswick, 
and  labored  much  in  that  county  and  in  the  settle- 
ments on  the  upper  St.  John,  preaching  the  gospel 
earnestly  and  with  marked  tokens  of  God's  approval. 

Estee,  Rev.  Sydney  A.,  was  born  in  Salem. 
Washington  Co..  X.  Y.,  in  1S08.  At  twenty  years 
of  age  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  his 
native  town,  and,  deciding  to  prepare  for  the  min- 


RSTEP 


380 


ESTY 


istry,  studied  at  Cambridge  Academy,  and  after- 
wards at  Hamilton.  His  first  settlement  as  pastor 
was  at  Westport,  N.  Y.,  subsequently  at  Ticonder- 
oga,  in  the  same  county.  After  several  other  pas- 
torates in  that  State  he  removed  to  Hlinois,  and  was 
located  at  York,  Belvidere,  and  Aurora,  whore  he 
died  Dec.  7,  1872.  His  ministry  was  marked  by 
great  usi-fulm'ss. 

Estep,  Rev.  James. — For  more  than  half  a 
century  this  distinguished  minister  labored  in 
Western  Pennsylvania.  Few  men  ever  attained 
greater  eminence  as  a  clear  thinker,  a  sound  theo- 
logian, and  an  earnest  preacher.  He  was  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  9.  1782.  He  died  July 
26,  1801.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Mount  Muriah  Baptist  church  in  April,  1S02, 
and  by  this  church  he  w<'is  licensed  to  preach  two 
years  after  his  baptism.  For  eighteen  months  prior 
to  his  entering  the  ministry  he  was  pursuing  the 
study  of  medicine,  but  a  sermon  pi'eached  by  the 
Rev.  Morgan  J.  Rhees,  then  prothonotary  of  Som- 
erset Co.,  Pa.,  led  him  to  deep  reflection  as  to  per- 
sonal duty,  and  in  twenty  days  after  he  was  found 
preaching.  Long  before  he  thoughtof  entering  the 
ministry  he  gave  himself  to  reading  works  on  di- 
vinity. In  fact,  from  the  first  d.ay  of  his  conversion 
he  was  engaged  in  reading,  meditation,  and  pr.ayer. 
He  was  a  warm  friend  of  an  educated  ministry,  and 
one  of  the  most  useful  of  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
ministers. 

His  life  was  spent  in  an  eventful  period.  In  his 
day,  and  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  the  Camp- 
bellites,  or  to  use  their  own  distinctive  term,  the 
Disciples,  and  the  Cumberland  Presbyterians  came 
into  existence.  The  church  required  just  such  a 
man,  and  infinite  wisdom  provided  for  the  hour  of 
need  in  raising  up  James  Estep. 

Though  years  have  rolled  away  since  his  death, 
no  name  is  more  frequently  on  the  lips  of  surviving 
brethren  than  his.  He  honored  God  by  a  noble 
life,  and  he  has  honored  his  very  memory  to  the 
present  hour. 

Estes,  Rev.  Elliot,  was  born  in  Caroline  Co., 
Va.,  on  the  23d  of  July,  179.5.  At  fifteen  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Andrew  Broadus,  under  whose 
direction  he  pursued  his  studies.  About  1829  he 
came  to  South  Carolina,  and  entered  upon  the  work 
of  the  ministry  with  the  Euham  and  Coosamhatchie 
churches. 

He  was  remarkable  for  the  firmness  -with  which 
he  held  the  leading  doctrines  of  his  denomination. 
No  one  in  his  section  stood  higher,  intellectually  or 
religiously. 

He  died  June  9,  1849,  leaving  a  son  and  a 
daughter,  the  latter  of  whom  has  since  followed 
him.  The  former,  Rev.  Andrew  Broadus  Estes, 
still  lives  within  a  few  miles  of  the  old  homestead. 

Estes,  Hiram  Cushman,  D.D.,  was  born  in 


Bethel,  O.xford  Co.,  Me.,  July  27,  1823.  He  was 
hopefully  converted  at  an  early  age,  and  baptized 
in  the  spring  of  1S38.  His  preparatory  studies 
were  pursued  at  the  Yarmouth  Academy,  and  he 


HIR.VM    CUSHIIAN    ESTES,  D.D. 

graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1847.  He  went 
through  the  theological  course  of  the  divinity  school 
at  Harvard  College,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Auburn,  Me.,  M.iy  \f>,  1S')0, 
where  he  remained  two  years  and  a  half.  In  Oc- 
tober, 18.52,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  agent 
of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  in  the 
eastern  New  England  district,  comprising  the  State 
of  Maine.  He  continued  in  this  service  for  three 
years.  Returning  to  the  active  duties  of  the  min- 
istry, he  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  what  was  Trenton,  now  Lanioine,  Me.,  from 
185.5  to  1860.  After  a  settlement  of  two  j'ears  in 
Leicester,  Mass.,  he  went  to  Jericho,  Vt.,  where  his 
pastorate  continued  ten  ye.irs,  from  1862  to  1872. 
On  the  1st  of  January,  1873,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Paris,  Me.,  where  he 
now  lives. 

Dr.  Estes  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Colby  University  in  1872.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  "  The  Christian 
Doctrine  of  the  Soul,"  of  several  printed  discourses, 
and  of  various  contributions  to  periodicals.  He 
has  seen  something  also  of  public  life,  having  been 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
State  of  Maine,  and  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Education. 

Esty,   William  S,,   was  born   in   Queensburg, 


EURE 


381 


EVANS 


York  Co.,  New  Brunswick,  Oct.  4,  1797 ;  was 
baptized  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Fred- 
ericton.  New  Brunswick ;  was  chosen  deacon  in 
183.5,  and  still  lionors  that  office;  he  has  been 
almost  sixty  years  devoted  to  the  service  of  Christ 
and  the  church.  His  life  lias  been  full  of  use- 
fulness. 

Eure,  Hon.  Mills  S. — Judge  Eure  was  born  in 
Gates  Co.,  N.  C,  Feb.  lU,  1835;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  18.59  ;  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  T.  C.  Teasdiilo  at  college,  Oct.  6,  1,S.56  ;  read 
law  with  Judge  Battle  and  Hon.  Samuel  F.  Phillips 
at  Chapel  Hill  ;  served  the  counties  of  Gates  and 
Chowan  in  State  senate  in  1860-62  and  1865;  was 
captain  of  Co.  G,  North  Carolina  Cavalry,  2d  Regi- 
ment, and  was  captured  at  Hanover,  Pa.,  in  1863. 
In  186.5-66  was  elected  solicitor  of  the  first  judicial 
district,  and  in  August,  1874,  judge  of  same  district. 
An  upright  judge  and  a  good  farmer. 

Evans,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Bilston, 
England.  May  13,  1NU3.     In  early  life  he  became  a 


BENJAMIN'    EVANS,    D.D. 

member  of  the  Baptist  church  in  his  native  town, 
and  in  1822  was  received  as  a  student  for  the  min- 
istry at  Horton  College,  Bradford.  He  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Scarborough,  and 
settled  there  in  1825.  For  thirty-eight  years  he 
labored  in  this  charge  with  great  acceptance  and 
usefulness,  and  Avas  throughout  one  of  the  most 
popular  and  influential  ministers  of  the  town  and 
district.  His  labors  were  abundant  in  every  sphere 
of  activity  into  which  his  ardent  and  generous  na- 
ture led  him.     He  was  for  years  the  foremost  cham- 


pion of  religious  freedom  in  Scarborough,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  promoters  of  the  anti-state-church 
movement.  In  philanthropic  and  benevolent  efforts 
ho  was  conspicuously  useful,  and  in  connection 
with  the  denomination  and  its  interests  his  liberality 
and  zealous  devotion  were  everywhere  spoken  of. 
He  was  called  to  the  chair  of  the  Baptist  Union  in 
1858,  and  delivered  an  address  on  "The  early  Eng- 
lish Baptists,  their  principles,  their  struggles,  and 
their  triumphs,"  a  subject  to  which  in  later  life  he 
devoted  himself  with  special  interest  and  fervor. 
His  literary  efforts  were  continuous.  He  wrote  a 
vast  number  of  pamphlets  on  sul>jects  of  passing 
interest,  and  published  a  number  of  occasional  ser- 
mons. For  some  years  he  conducted  a  monthly 
m.agazine  for  Sunday-schools,  and  aided  by  pen  and 
purse  to  establish  the  leading  denominational  peri- 
odicals. The  Freeman  newspaper  was  projected  by 
him.  and  for  many  years  he  contributed  regularly 
to  its  columns.  His  bonks  on  '"  Popery"  and  "'  The 
Early  English  Baptists"  had  a  large  circulation, 
and  his  literai-yand  public  services  were  recognized 
by  the  University  of  Hocliester  with  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Evans  took  a  lively  interest  in 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society's  objects, 
and  rendered  it  valuable  services,  which  were  most 
cordially  appreciated.  On  his  retirement  from  the 
pastorate  in  1862  in  broken  health,  he  gave  himself 
to  benevolent  enterprises  which  lay  near  his  heart. 
He  contributed  generously  both  money  and  per- 
sonal service  to  the  interests  of  the  National  Society 
for  Aged  and  Infirm  Baptist  Ministers.  He  also 
organized,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Baptist  Union, 
the  Society  for  the  Education  of  Ministers'  Chil- 
dren, and  was  its  president  until  his  death.  In 
1864  he  took  part  in  the  founding  of  the  new  theo- 
logical institution  now  located  at  Manchester,  and 
undertook  the  professorship  of  Ecclesiastical  Ilis- 
torj".  He  also  edited  a  quarterly  magazine  identi- 
fied with  the  principles  on  which  the  college  was 
based,  and  to  which  he  steadfastly  adhered  through 
life.  In  his  long  pastorate  at  Scarborough  he  main- 
tained a  reputation  which  reflected  honor  upon  the 
denomination  and  mati'rially  promoted  the  cause 
of  evangelical  religion.  When  his  resignation  was 
announced,  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was  held 
by  the  public  manifested  itself  in  the  presentation 
of  ,an  a<ldress  and  testimonial,  signed  by  the  mayor 
of  the  town  and  a  number  of  prominent  citizens. 
In  .acknowledging  the  testimonial.  Dr.  Evans  was 
able  to  note  the  fact  that  amcmg  the  signers  there 
were  some  who  thirty  years  before  would  have  re- 
joiced to  banish  him  from  the  place  on  account  of 
his  principles  as  a  Dissenter  and  a  Baptist.  His 
end  came  unexpectedly.  He  was  in  his  usual 
health,  and  had  retired  to  his  study  with  one  of  his 
family  at  the  close  of  the  day.  During  conversa- 
tion he  suddenlv  reclined  his  head  on  the  back  of 


EVANS 


382 


EVANS 


his  chair  and  without  a  word  or  inoveinent  of  any 
kin<l  ■'  fi'll  usli'cp." 

Evans,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Cardigan- 
shire, Wales,  within  the  second  decade  of  the  pres- 
ent century.  lie  lias  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in 
all  the  great  movements  that  have  affected  our 
denominational  interests  in  the  AVelsh  principality 
for  the  last  forty  years.  Beside  being  a  pastor  of 
influential  churches  he  has  been  a  prolific  writer, 
lie  was  the  originator  of  two  monthly  magazines, 
one  of  which  he  still  edits  with  marked  ability. 
His  literary  pioductions  are  highly  appreciated  for 
their  keen  analytical  power.  His  "  Key  to  the 
New  Testament"  passed  thi-ough  several  editions 
and  is  still  read.  He  is  now  engaged  in  preparing 
expositions  of  several  of  the  books  of  the  \ew  Tes- 
tament for  a  Family  Bible,  under  the  editorship  of 
the  Ilev.  Titus  Lewis. 

But  it  is  as  a  preacher  that  Mr.  Evans  excels. 
In  spite  of  a  sharp,  unmusical  voice  he  commands 
enthusiastic  attention.  There  is  not  a  man  within 
the  boundaries  of  the  country  whom  the  ministry  are 
more  delighted  to  hear.  He  is  original  to  the  last 
degree,  and  his  sermons  are  frequently  master-pieces 
of  analytical  thinking.  The  high  estimate  in  which 
he  is  held  by  the  denomination  was  demonstrated 
a  few  years  ago  by  the  presentation  of  a  superb 
address,  together  with  a  testimonial  of  £300. 

Evans,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  April  14,  1791.  Some  time  after  his 
conversion  he  entered  the  college  at  Bristol.  In 
1819  he  was  sent  as  a  missionary  to  Sumatra, 
where  he  labored  for  a  few  years,  and  then  re- 
turned to  England,  and  was  for  a  time  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Abergavenny,  Wales,  and  afterwards  in 
Dorchester,  England,  until  1S40,  when  he  came  to 
this  country  and  took  charge  of  the  church  in 
South  Reading,  now  AVakefield,  Mass.  Subse- 
quently he  acted  for  a  time  as  pastor  of  two 
churches  in  Michigan,  and  for  fifteen  years  was  an 
agent  of  the  New  York  American  Tract  Society. 
His  death  occurred  Jlay  28,  1869. 

Evans,  Christmas. — The  Welsh  pulpit  found 
in  Christmas  Evans  its  brightest  ornament.  He 
was  born  on  the  2.5th  of  December,  176^1.  In  his 
early  life  there  do  not  appear  to  have  been  any 
gleamings  of  power  or  genius. 

It  only  needed,  however,  the  proper  influences 
to  sweep  over  the  as  yet  chaotic  wastes  of  that 
young  man's  soul  to  call  forth  order  and  harmony. 
Like  his  native  hills  enveloped  in  the  mists  and 
snows  of  winter,  he  only  needed  the  sunshine  to 
liberate  his  imprisoned  powers.  Nor  had  he  to 
wait  long.  What  spring  is  to  the  ice-bound  earth 
a  religious  awakening  was  to  Christmas  Evans.  It 
subdued  his  nature,  changed  his  life,  and  called 
into  activity  all  the  dormant  faculties  of  his  hitherto 
sluggish  soul. 


He  learned  to  read  his  Welsh  Bible  in  the  course 
of  a  month,  exulting  not  a  little  at  the  time  in  his 
achievement.  His  intense  thirst  for  knowledge  led 
him  to  borrow  and  read  every  book  that  the  scant 


CHRISTMAS    EVANS. 

libraries  of  the  neighborhood  afforded.  It  is  note- 
worthy, in  view  of  the  iinaginativi;  brilliance  which 
became  the  distinguishing  characteristic  of  his  men- 
tal processes,  that  one  of  the  first  books  which 
he  voraciously  devoured  was  the  "  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress." 

lie  soon  cherished  the  fixed  intention  of  entering 
the  ministry.  The  first  formal  attempt  which  he 
made  at  preaching  was  in  the  cottage  of  a  tailor  in 
the  neighborhood,  who  it  would  appear  was  a  man 
of  more  than  ordinary  intelligence,  and  who  took 
a  lively  interest  in  aspiring  merit.  This  effort  was 
in  every  respect  successful. 

Christmas  Evans  was  a  Baptist  from  conviction, 
lie  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  a  Pedobaptist 
community,  and  it  was  net  until  lie  began  to  study 
the  New  Testament  carefully,  with  a  view  of  ex- 
posing the  Anabaptist  heresy,  as  he  was  pleased  to 
call  it,  that  he  discovered  the  utter  untenableness 
of  his  position.  lie  went  into  the  royal  armory  to 
equip  himself  with  weapons  with  which  to  slay  an 
opponent,  when  to  his  dismay  he  found  the  edge  of 
every  blade  turned  against  himself.  '•  Having  read 
the  New  Testament  through,"  says  he,  "I  found 
not  a  single  verse  in  favor  of  infant  sprinkling, 
while  about  forty  passages  seemed  to  me  to  testify 
clearly  for  baptism  on  a  profession  nf  faith."  After 
a  struirgle,  whicli,  however,  was  not  protracted,  he 


EVANS 


383 


EVANS 


was  baptized  in  the  year  ITSS  in  the  river  Duar  by 
the  Ilev.  Timothy  Thomas. 

Some  of  the  most  exquisitely  proportioned  crea- 
tures are  exceedingly  ungainly  when  young  and 
undeveloped.  It  was  even  so  with  Christmas  Kvans. 
For  some  time  it  was  difficult  to  determine  whether 
he  was  a  genius  or  a  fool.  With  a  temperament 
intensely  fervid  and  a  mind  vividly  imaginative, 
his  sermons  at  this  early  day  were  as  disjointed  and 
grotesque  as  his  personal  appearance.  That  great 
preponderating  faculty  of  his  mind  which  in  after 
years,  under  the  mastery  of  a  keen  and  well-bal- 
anced judgment  and  strong  common  sense,  gave 
him  unrivaled  popularity,  now  but  infused  a  capri- 
cious wildness  into  his  utterances  which  astonished 
rather  than  impressed,  and  exposed  to  ridicule 
rather  than  to  admiration.  lie  soon,  however, 
acquired  that  mental  elasticity  which  made  him  the 
Samson  of  the  Baptist  hosts. 

The  field  upon  which  he  expended  well-nigh  the 
whole  of  his  fruitful  life  was  Anglesea.  Here  he 
was  for  many  years  a  quasi-bishop.  But  it  would 
be  impossible  to  form  a  correct  idea  of  his  labors 
without  taking  into  account  the  frequent  length- 
ened preaching  excursions  which  he  made  into  the 
most  remote  parts  of  the  principality.  It  is  said 
that  he  visited  South  Wales  forty  times  in  the  course 
of  his  ministry,  and  preached  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
three  Association  sermons,  each  journey  involving 
an  absence  from  home  of  at  least  six  or  seven 
weeks,  and  occupied  with  incessant  evangelistic 
work. 

The  influencewhich  he  exerted  upon  the  churches, 
and  upon  the  land,  by  these  transient  ministries,  it 
is  impossible  to  conjecture.  Large  congregations 
greeted  him  everywhere  and  at  all  seasons.  The 
coming  of  Christmas  Evans  presaged  a  general  hol- 
iday even  in  the  midst  of  harvest.  Whole  neigh- 
borhoods flocked  to  hear  him,  and  the  effect  of  his 
preaching  was  such  that  the  people,  held  by  the 
spell  long  after  the  enchanter  had  left  the  scene, 
would  continue  sometimes  weeping  and  rejoicing 
until  the  morning  light  reminded  thcin  that  they 
were  still  in  a  world  where  ordinary  duties  de- 
manded attention.  Nor  were  the  impressions  thus 
made  ephemeral.  In  some  instances  strong  churches 
grew  up  and  flourished  as  the  result  of  a  single 
sermon. 

Forty  years  or  more  have  passed  since  that  voice 
which  thrilled  so  many  human  hearts  was  husheil, 
but  its  rich  melody  remains  as  a  grateful  reminis- 
cence. Old  men  revert  to  their  hearing  Christmas 
Evans  as  one  of  the  most  notable  events  in  a  life- 
time. He  could  no  more  pass  out  of  memory  than 
could  the  everlasting  hills  amid  which  they  were 
born.  And  no  wonder.  The  genius  of  the  Welsh 
character  found  in  him  its  most  ]ierfeot  ideal.  He 
embodied  in  his  rugged  honesty  and  fervent  zeal. 


his  clear  penetration  and  poetic  vision,  the  spirit 
and  pathos  of  the  Welsh  mind. 

He  died  in  Swansea,  at  the  home  of  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Davies,  D.D.,  on  the  20th  of  July;  1838. 

Evans,  Gen.  G.  W.,  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  was  a  promi- 
nent and  useful  deacon  of  unblemished  character 
and  high  standing.  He  was  intelligent,  pious,  and 
so  uniformly  courteous  tliat  he  won  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  all,  and  was  universally  popular.  He 
took  a  deep  interest  in  religious  and  denominational 
alfairs,  and  was  one  of  those  men  to  whom  a  pastor 
could  point  and  say  with  satisfiiction.  "  That  is  a 
Baptist."  He  was  a  partner  of  the  late  William 
D'Atignac,  the  firm  being  DAtignac,  Evans  &  Co. 
Few  men  possessed  more  admirable  traits  for  ren- 
dering them  popular  in  the  world  or  useful  in  the 
church. 

Evans,  Rev.  Hugh,  some  time  tutor  and  after- 
wards presiilent  of  Bristol  College.  England,  was 
descended  from  Welsli  parents  in  easy  circum- 
stances, distinguished  for  their  piety  and  lienevo- 
lence.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  Evans,  was  elec- 
ted a  parish  minister  in  Wales  by  the  Board 
of  Triers,  appointed  to  license  clergymen  during 
the  Commonwealth.  After  the  restoration  of  the 
monarchy  and  the  church  establishment  he  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  Pentre,  and  sufiered  much  for 
conscience'  sake  as  pastor  of  that  church,  in  which 
office  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son.  Thomas  Evans 
died  in  1688,  and  Caleb,  his  son  and  successor,  in 
1739.  Hugh  Evans,  youngest  son  of  Caleb,  was 
carefully  educated  at  a  school  of  high  reputation, 
and  afterwards  proceeded  to  the  college  at  Bristol, 
lie  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Foskett  at  Bristol,  Aug. 
7,  1730.  The  Broadmead  church,  in  that  city, 
called  him  to  the  ministry  in  1733,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  same  year  he  accepted  their  invitation  to  be- 
come assistant  to  their  pastor,  Jlr.  Foskett.  He 
soon  became  widely  known  as  a  preacher  of  ex- 
traordinai'j'  power  ami  usefulness.  In  1758,  on 
the  death  of  Jlr.  Foskett,  with  whom  he  had  labored 
twenty-four  years,  he  became  president  of  the  col- 
lese  and  senior  pastor  of  the  church.  He  inspired 
his  students  with  a  remarkable  affection  and  rever- 
ence, and  the  care  of  all  the  churches  of  the  neigh- 
borhooii  came  upon  him.  One  of  his  most  distin- 
guished students,  Dr.  John  llipon,  says  of  him,  that 
"  every  one  who  knew  him  must  admit  that  his  gift 
in  prayer  was  uncommon,  hisstudents  thought  it  was 
unequaled.  In  the  family,  at  occasional  meetings, 
in  tlie  services  of  the  Lord's  day.  and  upon  extraor- 
dinary occasions,  with  copiousness,  dignity,  and 
warmth  of  devotion  he  poured  out  his  soul  unto 
God,  and  yet  with  such  variety  that  he  was  seldom, 
if  ever,  heard  to  pray  twice  alike.  His  pulpit  com- 
positions were  clear,  nervous,  and  pathetic.  Few 
men  were  morecapableof  taking  a  large,  comprehen- 
sive, masterly  view  of  a  subject,  or  of  representing 


EVANS 


384 


EVERTS 


it  with  jireater  perspicuity,  energy,  and  fervor.  His 
liuigiiage  was  striliing,  lii.s  voice  clear,  and  his  elo- 
cution manly.  Nor  did  any  preacher,  perhup.s, 
ever  know  better  than  he  what  it  was  to  reign  over 
his  audience,  enlightening  their  understanding, 
convincing  their  judgment,  and  then  kindling  all 
their  nuldest  passions  into  a  blaze  of  devotion.'' 
His  characteristic  spirit  was  evinced  in  his  last 
discourse  to  the  Western  Association  of  Baptist 
churches,  when  he  took  a  solemn  leave  of  the 
brethren  assembled  in  an  affecting  discourse  from 
the  words,  "Be  not  deceived,  God  is  not  mocked."' 
lie  closed  his  public  ministry  at  Bristol  shortly 
afterwards  with  a  truly  paternal  address  to  his 
flock  from  the  words,  ■'  My  little  children,  of  whom 
I  travail  in  birth  again  until  Christ  be  formed  in 
you."  He  died  in  perfect  peace,  surrounded  by  his 
family  and  his  students,  on  March  28,  1781. 

Evans,  John  Mason,  M.D.,  son  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  B.  Evans,  was  born  in  Urlianna,  Middlesex 
Co.,  Va.,  March  22,  1829.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Columbian  College,  graduating  with  the  degree  of 
A.B.  in  1847.  He  studied  medicine, and  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  School,  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  winter  of  lS4'J-.50.  He  has  practised 
his  profession  in  connection  with  farming  up  to  the 
present  time.  Since  the  inauguration  of  the  puldic 
school  system  in  Virginia,  he  has  been  the  efficient 
L-ounty  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  King 
and  Queen  and  Middlesex.  Dr.  Evans  was  baptized 
at  the  age  of  twelve,  and  has  been  an  active  and 
efficient  member  of  the  church.  For  more  than 
twenty  years  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school,  and  deacon  of  the  church. 

Evans,  Rev.  Thomas  B.,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Essex,  Va.,  Dec.  13,  1807.  He  was  con- 
verted between  the  years  1830  and  1835.  and  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  R.  A.  Claybrook.  He  w.as 
ordained  soon  after  1837.  At  the  organization  of 
the  Olivet  church,  in  1842,  he  was  elected  its  pastor, 
and  served  it  with  great  zeal  and  success  till  his 
death,  Aug.  12,  1875.  He  was  at  one  time  pastor 
of  Ebenezer,  in  Gloucester  Co.,  and  also  of  the 
Newington  church,  which  he  was  mainly  instru- 
mental in  constituting.  He  was  also  pastor  of 
Exol,  in  King  and  Queen  Co.,  and  of  Ephesus.  in 
Essex  Co.  In  1855  he  was  elected  psvstor  of  Glebe 
Landing,  in  Middlesex,  and  served  this  church  also 
until  his  death.  lie  served  as  moderator  of  the 
Rappahannock  Association,  and  was  invited  sev- 
eral times  to  preach  the  opening  sermon.  Mr.  Evans 
was  an  earnest,  plain,  and  successful  preacher.  He 
had  a  strong,  logical  mind,  and  a  most  retentive 
memory.  He  read  much,  thought  profoundly,  and 
could  develop  a  subject  clearly  in  all  its  important 
bearings.  He  accomplished  much  for  the  Master 
during  his  ministry  of  thirty-eight  years,  and  was 
greatly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 


Evans,  Rev.  Wm.  L,  T. — This  devoted  man 
was  liorn  in  .Maryland,  Ecb.  9,  1829.  He  spent 
his  early  years  in  Washington  City,  where  he 
studied.  In  1855  he  moved  to  L.indmark,  Ilow.ard 
Co.,  Mo.,  and  from  it  to  Milton,  where  he  died. 
He  professed  religion  in  1857,  and  joined  the  Meth- 
odists ;  three  years  afterwards  he  united  with  the 
Baptists,  and  was  baptizeil  by  Elder  W.  K.  Woods, 
and  was  ordained  Ity  Elders  .Jesse  Terrill  and  'I'.  T. 
Gentry.  Ho  toiled  faithfully  in  the  ministry  for 
nearly  twenty  years.  He  enjoyed  the  confidence 
of  those  with  whom  he  labored  in  a  marked  degree. 
He  was  a  man  of  prayer,  ricdily  endowed  with  the 
Holy  S|)int.     He  died  .May  20,  1879. 

Everett,  Rev.  John  P.,  pastor  at  Shiloh,  La., 
was  born  in  Alabama  in  1826,  came  to  Louisiana 
in  1848  with  his  father,  George  Everett,  who  was 
a  Baptist  preacher,  and  labored  in  Union  parish 
until  his  death,  in  1855.  The  son  was  baptized  in 
1845;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war.  In  18.54 
he  was  ordained  to  preach.  From  that  time  until 
the  present  he  has  been  assiduous  in  his  labors, 
which  have  been  mainly  confined  to  Union  parish 
and  the  adjoining  parts  of  Arkansas.  He  has  been 
successful  as  a  minister,  and  has  greatly  strength- 
ened the  churches  ;  cloven  years  moderator  of 
Liberty  Association,  Ark.  ;  is  at  present  chairman 
of  the  executive  board  of  Louisiana  State  Conven- 
tion. Has  recently  published  a  valuable  work  on 
"  Bible  Types." 

Everts,  Rev.  Jeremiah  B.,  was  bom  in  Gran- 
ville, Washington  Co.,  N.Y.,  in  1807.  In  lS29heput 
his  trust  in  Jesus  as  his  Saviour,  under  the  minis- 
trations of  Rev.  Benjamin  .J.  Lane,  of  Clarkson, 
N.  Y.  He  first  joined  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which  Mr.  Lane  was  a  minister.  Subsequently, 
on  examining  the  Scriptures  about  baptism,  he  was 
immersed,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  spent  .some  time  at  Lane  Seminary,  in  Ohio. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of  Spalford, 
N.  Y.,  in  April,  1835.  In  this  place  his  labors 
were  largely  blessed,  his  pulpit  talents  were  highly 
appreciated,  and  his  departure  was  greatly  lamented. 
In  Delphi,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Elbridge  he  enjoyed  ex- 
tensive revivals,  and  he  had  the  same  blessing  in 
the  New  Market  Street  church,  Philadelphia.  In 
1843  he  accepted  a  call  to  Hartford,  N.  Y.,  where 
the  love  of  the  people  and  the  prosperitj'  of  the 
church  cheered  his  heart.  After  a  lingering  ill- 
ness, produced  by  a  painful  accident,  he  entered 
the  heavenly  rest  Aug.  26,  1846. 

Mr.  Everts  had  an  original  mind  and  a  warm 
heart,  he  was  wholly  consecrated  to  God,  and  he 
lived  in  the  hearts  of  throngs  of  friends.  His  death 
was  full  of  peace. 

Everts,  William  W,,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Gran- 
ville, N.  Y..  March  13,  1S14,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  of  Brockport,  N.  Y.     In  1830  the 


EVE  UTS 


385 


EWART 


church  licensed  him  to  preach,  and  in  1831  sent 
him  to  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theoloijical  Institu- 
tion. In  1837  he  w.as  ordained  at  Eai-lville,  N.  Y., 
as  its  pastor.  In  1S39  lie  was  settled  as  pastor  of 
the  Taliernacle  Baptist  cliurch  in  N(nv  Yorl<  City. 
After  three  years  of  extraordinary  succe.ss  lie  led 
out  a  colony  and  founded  the  Laight  Street  church. 
.Vfter  eight  years  of  labor  his  health  was  prostrated, 
and  he  settled  at  Wheatland,  N.  Y.,  as  pastor. 
His  ardent  spirit  and  large  plans  of  Christian  work 
were  felt  by  that  country  church,  and  three  houses 
of  worship  were  built  for  its  branches  in  neighbor- 
ing villages.  In  1852  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  Walnut  Street  church,  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  and 
soon  after  it  was  enlarged  and  completed  at  an  ex- 
pense of  S40,()()0.     They  organized  the  Broadway 


Wn.l.IAM     \V.   EVERTS,  D.D. 

church  of  that  city;  the  Portland  church  at  the 
west  end  of  the  city,  and  built  for  it  a  house  of 
worship ;  and  a  German  church.  In  1859  ho 
accepted  the  charge  of  the  First  church  of  Chi- 
cago. During  his  twenty  years  of  labor  there, 
twenty  Baptist  church  edifices  were  built  in  the 
city  and  vicinity.  The  Chicago  University  and 
Tlioological  Seminary  were  founded  and  their  su- 
[lerb  buildings  were  put  up  chiefly  by  the  contri- 
butions of  the  First  church.  In  1870  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  church  on  Bergen  Heights,  Jersey  City, 
and  during  the  first  year  a  debt  of  S35,O0O  was 
paid  and  67  members  added  to  the  cliurch.  Dr. 
Everts  has  not  only  devised  plans  for  the  multipli- 
cation, and  the  increased  efficiency  of  the  Baptists 
of  America,  in  the  realm  of  education,  church  exten- 


sion, and  the  unity  of  the  denomination  in  all  its 
important  Christian  enterprises,  but  he  has  ren- 
dered great  service  with  his  pen.  Many  years  ago 
he  brought  out  his  "  Pastors  Iland-Book,'"  which 
has  been  an  invaluable  helper  to  ministers  of  all 
denominations.  He  then  brought  out  in  succession 
tlie  "Bible  Prayer  Bools,''  "Scriptural  School 
Reader,"  "  Life  and  Thoughts  of  John  Foster," 
"Voyage  of  Life,"  and  "  Promise  and  Training  of 
Childhood."  He  also  published  a  series  of  "  Tracts 
for  Cities,"  "  The  Theatre,"  "  Temptations  of  City 
Life,"  and  "The  Great  Metropolis,"  which,  with 
tracts  by  Dr.  Cheevcr  and  William  Hague.  D.D., 
were  published  in  a  volume  entitled  "  Words  In  Ear- 
nest."    He  also  wrote  "Tracts  for  the  Churches." 

Dr.  Everts  has  l)een  for  many  years  among  the 
most  prominent  ministers  of  Christ  in  the  United 
States.  His  great  mind  and  heart,  and  his  con- 
secration to  God,  have  made  him  a  power  among 
the  Saviour's  hosts.  Few  Baptist  leaders  in  modern 
times  have  wielded  such  a  mighty  influence  for  God 
and  his  truth.  Sacrifices  to  him  have  always  ap- 
peared but  trifles  when  great  principles  were  called 
in  ((uestion.  AVe  trust  that  his  life  and  usefulness 
will  be  long  continued  to  the  denomination  of 
which  he  is  an  ornament. 

Everts,  Rev.  William  Wallace,  Jr.,  son  of 
Rev.  Dr.  William  Wallace  and  Margaret  (Keen) 
Everts,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  Y'ork,  Feb.  10, 
1849.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago  Univer- 
sity in  the  class  of  1867.  Immediately  after  grad- 
uating he  went  .abroad  for  purposes  of  travel  and 
study,  and  was  absent  three  years,  the  larger  part 
of  which  period  he  was  at  the  Berlin  University. 
Returning  to  this  country  in  1870,  he  became  a 
student  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  Chi- 
cago, where  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1873. 
He  was  ordained  Dec.  23,  1873,  as  pastor  of  the 
Indiana  Avenue  branch  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Chicago.  He  held  an  official  connection  with 
the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  Chicago,  as  teacher 
of  Church  History  during  the  year  1875.  He 
preached  for  the  church  at  .Morgan  Park  till  1877, 
when,  coming  East,  he  su|i]died  the  pulpit  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston  for  four  months  as 
the  assistant  of  Rev.  Dr.  Neale.  In  July  of  1877 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Fourth  Baptist 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  of  which  he  is  now 
(1880)  the  minister.  Mr.  Everts  is  one  of  our  most 
promising  young  ministers.  His  acquirements  in 
ecclesiastical  history  are  unusually  extensive. 

Ewart,  Hon.  Thomas  W.,  LL.D.,  son  of  Robert 
H.  and  Mary  C.  Ewart,  was  born  at  Grandview, 
Washington  Co.,  O.,  Feb.  27,  1816.  When  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  left  school  and  became  assistant  in 
the  office  of  the  county  clerk  at  Marietta.  0.  In 
December,  18.36.  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the 
court  for  Washington  Co..  0..  and  held  this  office 


EWART 


386 


EXAMINER 


until  1851.  While  in  this  office  he  -was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  i-onvention  which  formed  the 
present  constitution  of  Ohio.  At  tlie  expiration  of 
his  term  lie  was  elettoJ  pro)>ate  jiid^e  of  Washing- 
ton County,  hut  resigned  after  one  year's  service  to 
enf;age  in  the  practice  of  law,  for  which  he  had 
fully  fitted  himself  in  the  office  of  Judge  N'ye. 
From  the  first  he  was  very  successful,  and  he  has 
always  held  a  prominent  position  in  the  legal  pro- 
fession of  Ohio. 

Converted  and  baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he 
has  ever  since  been  an  active  member  of  the  Mari- 
etta Baptist  church.     For  forty  years  he  has  been 


HON.  THOMAS    W.  EWART,   LL.D. 

superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  for  thirty- 
two  years  has  been  deacon.  He  has  also  been 
closely  identified  with  general  denominational  in- 
tei-ests.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of 
Denison  University.  He  was  president  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention  for  several  years, 
and  moderator  of  the  Marietta  Association  twenty- 
five  years  in  succession.  As  vice-president  of  the 
Missionary  Union  he  occupied  the  chair  of  that 
body  at  Cincinnati  and  Philadelphia.  Home  mis- 
sions h.ave  found  in  him  a  constant  friend,  and  all 
good  enterprises  in  the  community  a  hearty  sup- 
porter. The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Denison  University  in  1878. 

Swing  College  is  located  in  Ewing.  Franklin 
Co.,  111.,  near  the  centre  of  that  part  of  the  State 
lying  south  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad.  It 
is  the  only  chartered  ciillege  in  that  section  of  Illi- 
nois.     It  was  founded   in   1867   as  Ewing   High 


School  by  Prof.  John  Washburn.  In  1874  it  re- 
ceived a  charter  from  the  State  under  tlie  title  it 
now  bears.  Until  1S77  it  was  undenominational, 
but  during  that  year  its  charter  was  so  changed  as 
to  place  it  under  Baptist  control.  Its  buildings, 
two  in  number,  are  substantial  brick  structures, 
and  ample  for  the  present  uses  of  the  college.  It 
has  a  preparatory  as  well  as  collegiate  department, 
the  latter  having  two  courses,  classical  and  scien- 
tific. The  college  is  open  to  students  of  both  sexes. 
The  number  enrolle<l  in  the  catalogue  for  l<S7y-S0 
is  luO,  of  whom  .32  were  in  the  collegiate  depart- 
ment. Its  faculty  numbers  six  teachers.  Ewing 
College  is  performing  a  highly  important  educa- 
tional service  upon  a  field  where  it  is  greatly  needed, 
and  placing  its  rates  of  tuition  and  its  other  ex- 
penses within  the  reach  of  all  classes  of  students, 
m.ake  its  advantages  available  for  all.  At  the 
present  date  (1880)  an  effort  is  in  progress  to  raise 
for  its  endowment  the  sum  of  .$50,000,  with  en- 
oourairing  prospect  of  success. 

Ewing,  Hon.  Presley  Underwood,  was  the 
elder  of  two  sons  of  the  distinguished  chief  justice 
of  Kentucky,  E.  M.  Ewing,  and  was  one  of  the 
most  talented  and  brilliant  young  men  his  State 
ever  produced.  He  was  born  in  Russellville,  Ky., 
Sept.  1,  1822.  He  graduated  at  Center  College  in 
1S40,  and  studied  law  under  his  fiither.  gr.aduating 
in  the  law  department  of  Transylvania  University 
in  1S42.  About  this  time,  having  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel,  and  was  soon  afterwards  invited  to  take 
the  pastoral  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Ltjuisville.  He  .accepted  the  call  and  preached  a 
few  times,  but  before  ordination  he  resolved  to  spend 
some  time  in  Germany.  On  his  return  from  Europe 
he  declined  ordination  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1848 
was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  where  he 
served  two  terms,  being  re-elected  in  1849.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Congress,  and 
re-elected  to  that  position  without  opposition  in 
185.'5.  He  was  chairman  of  a  Congressional  com- 
mittee on  the  feasibility  of  constructing  a  railroad 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  His  report  on  this  subject 
gave  him  a  wide  reputation.  As  an  orator  he  was 
regarded  as  the  peer  of  the  gifted  John  C.  Breck- 
enridge.  whom  he  often  met  in  debate  in  the  legis- 
lative halls.  But  his  career  of  almost  unparalleled 
brilliancy  was  suddenly  closed.  He  died  of  cholera 
while  on  a  visit  to  the  Mammoth  Cave,  in  Kentucky, 
Sept.  27,  1854. 

Examiner  and  Chronicle,  The.— In  June,  1855, 
Rev.  Edward  Bright,  D.D.,  who  had  been  for  the 
preceding  nine  years  the  Home  Secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and  Rev. 
Sewell  S.  Cutting,  D.D..  who  was  then  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Recorder  and  Register,  purchased 
that  paper  and  became  its  editors  and  proprietors, 


EXAMIKER 


387 


EYRES 


changing  the  name  to  The  Exammer.  It  was  a 
four-page  paper,  and  had  at  that  time  a  circulation 
of  about  10,000  copies.  In  the  next  year  Dr.  Cut- 
ting accepted  tlie  oliair  of  Rhetoric  and  History  in 
the  Univer.sity  of  Rochester,  and  Dr.  Bright  became 
the  editor,  a  position  which  he  has  held  from  that 
time  to  the  present.  In  the  first  ten  years  of  his 
proprietorship  the  circulation  had  doubled.  In 
March,  1865,  the  New  York  Chronicle  was  united 
with  The  Examiner,  and  the  paper  became  The 
Examiner  and  Chronicle,  which  name  it  now  bears. 
It  was  enlarged  to  a  six-column  eight-page  paper 
in  October,  1867,  and  again  enlarged  to  seven  col- 
umns a  page  in  December,  1869.  In  1868  The 
Christian  Press,  a  Baptist  paper  of  New  York, 
conducted  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Jacobs,  was  united 
with  TIte  Examiner  and  Chronicle,  and  in  1875  the 
small  paper  known  as  The  Outlook,  published  in 
Brooklyn,  was  merged  in  it.  The  Examiner  and 
Chronicle  has  attained  the  largest  circulation  of 
any  Bapti.st  newspaper  in  the  world.  It  has  always 
had  a  strong  denominational  character,  and  has 
fearlessly  maintained  the  distinguishing  doctrines 
of  the  old  Baptist  faith.  Its  aim  has  been  to  be  as 
complete  as  it  could  be  made  in  all  the  departments 
that  belong  to  a  first-class  newspaper  ;  to  deal  with 
the  great  questions  of  social  and  political,  as  well 
as  Christian  life ;  to  present  the  news,  with  com- 
ments, from  a  Christian  stand-point ;  and  to  do  it 
with  the  fullness,  freshness,  and  force  that  ought  to 
characterize  the  very  best  class  of  religious  news- 
papers. 

The  Kew  York  Baptist  Register,  afterwards  united 
with  the  Recorder,  was  established  in  Utica  late  in 
182.3  or  early  in  1824  by  Rev.  Messrs.  Willey, 
Lathrop,  and  Galusha,  who  issued  it  irregularly  and 
edited  it  in  turn.  It  subsequently  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  managers  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Convention  of  New  York,  and  became  the  organ  of 
the  Convention,  with  Alexander  M.  Beebee,  Esq., 
as  editor.  In  1825  the  Register  absorbed  a  mis- 
sionary newspaper  in  the  form  of  a  quarterly  mag- 
azine, which,  in  1814,  was  started  and  edited  by 
Elders  P.  P.  Root,  Daniel  Haskell,  John  Lawton, 
and  John  Peck.  Its  name,  The  Yehicle,  was  sub- 
sequently changed  to  the  Baptist  Western  Maga- 
zine. Mr.  Beebee  was  a  gentleman  of  eminence  in 
the  bar  of  Onondaga  County,  and  under  him  the 
Register  was  a  most  efficient  advocate  and  helper  in 
giving  growth  and  strength  to  the  denomination 
and  its  enterprises. 

The  New  York  Recorder  was  the  outgrowth  of 
The  Baptist  Advocate.  The  first  issue  of  the  Ad- 
vocate was  on  May  11,  1830.  It  was  founded  by  a 
number  of  leading  Baptists  in  New  York  City,  and 
the  late  AVm.  II.  Wyckoff,  LL.D.,  was  its  editor. 
In  about  six  months  the  Advocate  Association  pur- 
chased the   Gospel  Witness,  the  only  rival   of  the 


new  paper.  But  the  Advocate  was  not  a  financial 
success,  and  was  sold  about  the  year  1842  to  Messrs. 
Barker  &  Thompson.  Mr.  Barker  soon  withdrew, 
leaving  Rev.  James  L.  Thompson  as  the  owner  and 
publisher.  A  year  or  two  later  Mr.  Wyckoff  re- 
signed the  editorial  chair,  and  Rev.  S.  S.  Cutting, 
D.D.,  became  the  editor.  The  name  was  changed 
to  the  NeiB  York  Recorder,  and  the  paper  sut)se- 
((uently  became  the  property  of  Rev.  Lewis  Colby 
and  Mr.  Joseph  Ballard.  In  February,  1850,  the 
Recorder  was  purchased  by  Prof.  M.  B.  Anderson, 
then  of  Waterville  College,  Me.,  now  President 
Anderson,  of  Rochester  University,  and  the  late 
Rev.  James  S.  Dickerson,  D.D.  When  Prof  An- 
derson became  pi-esident  of  the  university  in  the 
autumn  of  1853,  the  paper  was  again  sold.  Rev.  L. 
F.  Beecher  being  the  purchaser.  The  Register, 
still  published  at  Utica,  and  then  owned  by  Rev. 
Andrew  Ten  Brook,  D.D.,  was  soon  afterwards  uni- 
ted with  it,  and  the  Recorder  became  the  New 
York  Recorder  and  Register,  with  Dr.  Ten  Brook 
as  one  of  its  editors. 

The  New  York  Chronicle,  at  first  a  monthly  pub- 
lication, was  begun  by  Rev.  O.  B.  Juild,  LL.D.,  in 
1849,  and  became  a  weekly  paper  in  October,  1850. 
One  of  its  distinctive  features  was  its  earnest  ad- 
vocacy of  the  Bible  revision  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  About  1853  or  18.54  the  Chronicle  vras  pur- 
chased by  Rev.  J.  S.  Backus,  D.D.,  and  at  the  be- 
ginning of  1855,  Rev.  Pharcellus  Church,  D.D., 
was  associated  with  Dr.  Backus  as  editor  and  pro- 
prietor. 

In  January  of  the  next  j'ear  Dr.  Church  bought 
the  wliole  paper,  and  late  in  ISfiS  he  purchased  the 
Christian  Chronicle,  of  Philadelphia,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  J.  S.  Dickerson,  D.D.,  and  continued  to  be  the 
editor  of  the  united  paper  until  March,  1865,  when 
the  Chronicle  was  united  with  The  Examiner, 

Prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  Baptist  Advo- 
cate, various  attempts  had  been  maiie  to  found  a 
Baptist  weekly  newspajier  in  New  York  City.  But 
it  is  difficult  to  learn  the  facts,  even  with  the  help 
of  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Hansell,  who  is  probably  more 
familiar  with  them  than  any  other  man.  The  first 
Baptist  paper  he  has  knowledge  of  in  New  York 
City  was  the  Gospel  Witness,  started  in  1835.  Tlie 
Directory  for  l.'^36  gives  the  name  of  The  Ameri- 
can Baptist,  edited  and  owned  by  Rev.  Jonathan 
Going,  D.D.  In  1837  the  Baptist  Repositorg  ap- 
peared, edited  by  Rev.  N.  N.  Whiting  and  Rev. 
David  Barnard.  But  none  of  these  newspaper 
ventures  were  successful,  and  the  memory  of  them 
has  been  barely  preserved.  It  cannot  be  said  that 
The  Examiner  and  Chronicle  is  a  continuation  of 
either  of  the  papers  named  in  this  last  paragraph. 

Eyres,  Rev.  Nicholas,  was  born  in  Wiltshire. 
England.  Aug.  22,  1691  ;  came  to  New  York  about 
1711;    was  baptized  in    1714  by  Rev.   Valentine 


FAITH 


388 


FAITH 


Weightman,  of  Connecticut,  and  aided  in  founding 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  city  and  in  the 
State ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  that  church  (then 
Gold  Street)  in  Septemher,  1724;  in  October,  1731, 
resigned  and  became  co-pastor  with  Rev.  Daniel 
AViglitman  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  New- 
piirt,  R.  I.;  died   Feb.  13.   1759;  a  man  of  great 


intelligence,  benevolence,  and  piety.  His  associate 
in  Newport,  Rev.  D.  Wightman,  was  born  in  South 
Kingstown,  R.  I.,  Jan.  2,  lOOiS;  was  ordained  in 
1701  as  co-pastor  with  Rev.  Mr.  Clark,  of  tlie  Sec- 
ond Baptist  church  in  Newport,  and  remained  as 
minister  of  this  churcli  till  his  death  in  17uO;  a 
man  greatly  beloved  and  honored. 


F. 


Faith,  Saving. — The  majority  of  unconverted 
men  in  our  country  admit  the  divinity  of  Christ, 
and  all  the  Scriptural  facts  in  his  earthly  history, 
and  some  of  them  claim  a  considerable  measure  of 
orthodo.\y,  even  accordingto  recognized  standards  of 
sound  religious  belief.  But  these  persons  have  not 
saving  faith.  It  requires  from  a  penitent  that  he 
should  intrust  his  soul  to  Jesus  for  the  removal  of 
its  iniquities.  In  John  ii.  24,  it  is  written,  "  But 
Jesus  did  not  commit  himself  to  them."  The  word 
translated  "  did  commit"  is  kmarvev,  "  did  believe," 
as  it  commonly  means.  But  it  is  properly  rendered 
in  the  quotation  ;  John  uses  it  in  the' sense  of  com- 
mitting or  intrusting  himself.  Saving  faith  is  that 
act  of  a  burdened  soul  by  which  it  intrusts  itself 
to  Jesus  that  he  might  forgive  and  save  it. 

Saving  faith  rests  upon  these  foundations.  A 
man  believes  that  God  is  inflexibly  holy,  that  he 
hates  sin,  and  that  nothing  can  keep  him  from  in- 
flicting just  but  weighty  punishment  upon  it;  his 
conviction  of  Jehovah's  holiness  leads  him  to  be- 
lieve that  it  is  a  fearful  thing  to  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  living  God.  He  believes  that  he  is  guilty 
before  the  eternal  judge,  that  his  thoughts  have 
been  evil,  his  aflections  alienated,  and  his  words 
and  works  sinful;  and  that  he  is  hopelessly  lost 
unless  Jesus  exercises  his  mercy  towards  him.  He 
believes  that  God's  love  is  the  greatest  blessing  in 
any  world.  He  thinks  with  hungering  desire  of 
that  love  that  made  Jehovah  give  up  his  most  dear 
and  only  Son  to  be  put  to  death  instead  of  poor, 
guilty,  perishing  sinners.  And  he  is  fully  assured 
that  God  has  infinite  pleasure  in  receiving  and 
in  forgiving  penitent  souls.  He  believes  in  the 
Saviour's  merits;  his  obedience  in  life,  and  his 
fierce  pangs  in  death.  In  the  Saviour's  blood  he 
sees  the  only  cure  for  his  guilt,  and  a  purifying 
element  that  will  clean.se  away  all  his  sins.  He 
also  frequently  seizes  some  encouraging  promise, 
to  which  he  tenaciously  clings,  such  as  "  Him  that 
Cometh  to  me  I  will  in  no  wise  cast  out."  And  as 
he  fully  believes  in  God's  holiness  and  love,  in 


Christ's  blood  and  promise,  and  in  his  own  guilti- 
ness, he  ventures  to  intrust  his  condemned  soul  to 
the  Crucified,  and  the  moment  he  commits  it  to  the 
meritorious  and  loving  Redeemer  by  faith  he  is 
forgiven.     These  are  the  bases  of  saving  faith. 

The  owner  of  it  is  never  entire!;/  free  from  sinful 
tendencies.  The  young  convert  is  apt  to  imagine 
that  he  ought  to  be  wholly  delivered  from  every 
sinful  inclination.  Satan  encourages  this  impres- 
sion, and  tries  to  persuade  him  that  he  is  not  truly 
regenerated,  or  sin  would  cense  to  trouble  him. 
The  man  has  a  new  heart  and  hates  sin ;  its  power 
within  him  is  broken  ;  he  loves  Jesus,  and  he 
blames  himself  severely  for  not  loving  him  more; 
he  prays  earnestly  and  his  prayers  have  been 
answered  ;  but  he  is  not  infallible,  he  finds  he  can 
be  tempted,  and  he  has  to  watch  and  pray  against 
the  Evil  One.  Sometimes  Satan  tries  to  make  him 
proud,  angry,  covetous,  forgetful  of  God  and  un- 
grateful to  him  ;  and  he  is  full  of  grief  over  Satan's 
threatened  or  partial  success.  lie  finds  constant 
need  to  watch  his  heart,  and  cling  to  Jesus  for 
merits  to  justify,  and  grace  to  protect  against  his 
own  weakness  and  Satan's  wiles. 

Nor  is  saving  faith  abpa;/s  free  from  doulifs.  It 
is  the  privilege  of  every  Christian  to  have  full  as- 
surance of  faith,  and  many  believers  enjoy  this 
treasure.  But  not  a  few  are  "  weak  in  faith"  who 
are  certain  to  enter  heaven  :  "  Him  that  is  weak  in 
faith  receive  ye,  but  not  to  doubtful  disputations." — 
Rom.  xiv.  1.  Doubts  are  sometimes  thrust  into  the 
soul  by  the  Tempter,  just  as  he  inspires  blasphe- 
mous or  other  wicked  thoughts  which  the  believer 
rejects,  and  for  which  he  is  not  responsible.  Some- 
times they  come  from  a  constitutional  tendency  to 
look  on  the  dark  side  of  everything.  Sometimes 
they  spring  from  a  feeble  condition  of  health.  And 
verv  often  they  seize  a  believer  who  has  fallen  into 
worldliness,  or  some  other  breach  of  saintly  fidelity. 
The  Christian  should  aim  at  the  strongest  faith,  and 
the  Spirit  will  give  it  when  he  seeks  it.  But  men 
are  not  saved   by  the  amount  of  their   faith,   if 


FARMER 


389 


FARNSWORTH 


they  have  true  sorrow  for  sin,  and  a  true  reliance 
upon  a  crucified  Saviour;  the  life  of  a  babe  is  just 
as  real  as  that  of  a  giant ;  and  the  faith  of  a  believer 
wliose  trust  in  Jesus  is  only  like  that  of  a  '■  babe  in 
Christ"  will  save  hini. 

It  gives  the  believer  great  power  with  God.  The 
mightiest  instrument  ever  used  by  mortals  is  a 
vigorous  faith  in  Jesus.  It  not  only  removes  the 
guilt  of  many  years  and  of  shucking  vileness  from 
the  distressed  sinner  and  gives  him  complete  justi- 
fication before  the  pure  and  piercing  eye  of  the 
Omniscient,  but  it  Ijrings  down  harvests  of  answers 
to  prayers  which  bless  the  soul,  the  family,  and  the 
church.  It  fitted  Abraham  to  offer  up  Isaac  in  sac- 
rifice to  God,  because  it  showed  him  his  son  in  a 
figure  restoreil  from  the  dead.  It  gave  courage  to 
Moses,  the  timid  fugitive  who  fled  from  Egypt  to  es- 
cape theweightiest  penalty  of  its  law,  to  con  front  and 
defy  Pharaoh,  his  army,  and  his  people.  It  enabled 
Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abednego  to  be  confident 
that  God  would  protect  them  from  the  vengeance 
of  Nebuchadnezzar,  and,  armed  with  this  sublime 
conviction,  they  looked  with  contempt  upon  the 
intense  heat  of  the  fiery  furnace,  while  they  in- 
formed the  king  himself  not  only  that  they  would 
not  worship  his  image,  but  they  also  said,  ''  Our 
God,  whom  we  serve,  is  able  to  deliver  us  from  the 
burning  fiery  furnace,  and  he  will  deliver  us  out  of 
thy  hand.  0  king.''  As  the  coupling  of  a  railroad 
car  links  it  to  the  locomotive  and  gives  it  all  its 
power,  so  faith  unites  the  soul  to  Jesus,  and  be- 
stows upon  it  his  divine  righteousness,  his  al- 
mighty strength,  his  matchless  wisdom,  his  all- 
prevalent  intercession,  the  revelation  of  his  great 
love,  and  his  sure  victory  over  all  enemies.  Truly 
faith  can  remove  mountains,  bring  down  rain- 
storms, divide  oceans,  and  confer  upon  a  terrified 
supplicant  great  deliverance,  and  the  most  glorious 
of  titles, — A  Prevailer  with  God. 

Faith,  in  common  with  every  grace  in  the  re- 
newed man,  is  the  gift  of  God.  It  can  be  greatly 
strengthened  by  cultivating  an  earnest  love  for 
Jesus,  complete  consecration  of  heart,  active  eftbrts 
to  glorify  the  Saviour,  and  constant  struggles  in 
the  soul  to  resist  doubting  tendencies ;  by  assidu- 
ous attention  to  closet  exercises,  Bible  reading,  and 
sanctuary  privileges;  by  the  utmost  resistance  to 
sin  in  every  form,  and  by  thr  frequently  repeated 
prayer,  ''  Lord,  increase  oui  f;\ith.'' 

Farmer,  Hon.  William,  is  one  of  the  most 
widely  known,  generous,  and  influential  Baptist 
laymen  in  California.  He  was  born  in  Anderson 
Co.,  Tenn.,  in  ISOO ;  resided  in  Tennessee  and  in 
Cass  Co.,  Mo.,  until  1)^57.  when  he  moved  to  Santa 
Rosa,  Cal.,  where  he  now  lives.  He  has  always 
been  noted  for  his  hospitality,  and  since  his  bap- 
tism, in  1838,  as  a  prominent  worker  in  the  chu.ch. 
He  has  for  many  years  been  an  upright  and  hon- 


ored judge  of   the  County  Court.      He   is  widely 

known  in  Calirornia  as  "  Pi^acon  Farmer." 

Famham,  Jonathan  Everett,  LL.D.,  a  dis- 
tinguished scholar  and  educator,  was  born  in  Con- 
necticut, Aug.  12,  1809.  He  finished  his  education 
at  Colby  University,  where  he  graduated  in  1833. 
and  for  two  years  was  tutor  in  that  institution. 
He  then  studied  law  three  years  at  Providence. 
R.  I.,  after  which  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
continued  his  legal  studies.  In  1838  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Physical  Science  in  Georgetown  Col- 
lege, Ky.,and  has  continuously  occupied  that  posi- 
tion. For  a  number  of  years  during  this  period 
he  conducted  the  Georgetown  Female  Seminary,  a 
school  of  high  grade.  In  early  life  Dr.  Farnham 
became  a  Baptist,  and  has  been  a  valuable  con- 
tributor to  the  periodical  literature  of  the  denomi- 
nation. 

Famsworth,  Hon.  J.  D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  in  1771.  AVIien  he  was  six  years  of 
age  his  parents  removed  to  Bennington.  Vt.  He 
became  a  hopeful  Christian  at  twelve.  He  com- 
pleted his  classical  studies  at  Clio  Hall,  the  first 
literary  institution  of  tlie  kind  ever  incorporated 
in  Vermont.  Having  decided  to  be  a  physician, 
he  entered  upon  the  study  of  his  profession,  and 
at  eighteen  took  his  medical  degree,  and  after 
practising  for  a  time  at  Addison,  Yt.,  he  removed, 
in  1795,  to  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  where  he 
spent  the  most  of  his  life.  For  more  than  fifty 
years  he  was  one  of  the  most  successful  pliysicians 
in  the  northern  section  of  Vermont.  He  was  chief 
judge  in  Franklin  County  for  fifteen  years,  and  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  for  about  twenty- 
seven  years.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  pro- 
gress of  the  denomination.  The  constitution  of 
the  first  Baptist  Association  ever  formed  in  North- 
ern Vermont,  was  drafted  by  him.  Associated 
with  Gov.  Butler  and  several  others,  he  took  the 
first  steps  towards  the  organization  of  the  Ver- 
mont State  Convention.  An  act  was  passed  in  1787 
by  the  Legislature  requiring  the  inhabitants  of 
each  town  to  support  the  '"standing  order."  unless 
they  could  show  that  they  were  connected  with 
some  other  religious  organization.  The  Baptists, 
with  their  well-known  sentiments  on  the  right  of 
private  judgment  in  matters  of  religion,  were  led 
earnestly  to  oppo.se  the  act.  The  struggle  lasted 
for  many  years,  and  the  act  was  repealed  in  1807. 
In  all  the  controversy  connected  with  the  important 
subject  Dr.  Famsworth  took  an  important  part. 
He  was  a  decided  Baptist  for  nearly  seventy  years, 
and  boldly  defended  the  peculiar  views  of  his  de- 
nomination. It  is  said  that  he  had  probably  pre- 
sided at  more  conventions.  Associations,  councils, 
etc.,  than  any  other  Baptist  who  ever  lived  in  the 
State  of  Vermont.  He  died  at  his  residence  in 
Fairfax,  Vt.,  Sept.  9,  1857,  honored  and  beloved  by 


FARRAR 


390 


FAWCETT 


his  own  denoininiition  and  a  large  circle  of  his  fel- 
low-citi/.ens. 

Farrar,  Rev.  Wm.  M.,  an  aged  minister  in 
Mississippi,  was  born  in  Georgia;  ordained  in 
lJv34,  and  tlie  year  following  removed  to  Mississippi, 
where  he  has  labored  successfully  forty-three  years. 
He  spent  fourteen  years  in  agency  work,  and  raised 
in  cash  about  S60,000,  and  in  pledges  about  S20,U00 
more.  Much  of  his  time  was  devoted  to  missionary 
work,  and  about  twenty  years  to  the  pastorate. 
He  was  two  years  associate  editor  of  the  ilissis- 
sijipi  Baptist. 

Farrow,  Deacon  D.  T.  C,  was  born  in  Wood 
Co.,  W.  Va.,  Xov.  19,  1826.  He  was  baptized  Feb. 
1.5,  1843.  About  1849  he  became  deeply  interested 
in  Sunday-schools  and  missions.  In  1866  he  was 
appointed  Sunday-School  missionary  for  the  State 
by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society, 
and  he  is  at  present  engaged  in  that  work.  He 
has  organized  100  Sunday-schools,  8  Sunday- 
school  conventions,  and  1  church ;  has  visited  47 
of  the  54  counties  of  the  State ;  has  sold  and 
distributed  834.000  worth  of  publications  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  Mr.  Far- 
row has  been  gi-eatly  blessed  in  his  work,  for  which 
he  is  well  adapted.  He  has  acted  as  secretary  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  General  Association, 
and  has  long  been  a  life-member,  and  has  made  all 
his  family — wife  and  five  children — life-members. 
Mr.  Farrow  has  l)een  of  very  great  service  to  the 
denomination  in  West  Virginia,  and  these  services 
have  been  rendered  whilst  frequently  suffering  from 
severe  physical  disability. 

Farwell,  Hon.  Levi,  was  born  about  the  year 
1784.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin,  Sept. 
11,  1811,  and  was  a  constituent  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  For  many 
years  he  was  the  ''  steward"  of  Harvard  College, 
and  important  civil  trusts  were  committed  to  his 
hands.  Prof.  II.  J.  Ripley  says  of  him,  "  He  was 
a  man  of  sound  judgment,  and  an  example  of 
pure  and  consisrtent  piety.  Eminently  discreet,  he 
was  also  uniformly  devotional.  In  cluirch  and  in 
state  his  opinion  was  sought  with  profound  re- 
spect. He  and  his  wife  can  never  cease  to  be  held 
in  the  kindest  remembrance.  His  funds,  like  those 
of  Mr.  Cobb,  were  liberally  bestowed  upon  the  in- 
stitution at  Newton."  Mr.  Farwell  died  May  27, 
IS44. 

Faonce,  Rev.  D.  W.,  was  bom  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.  He  was  baptized  at  the  early  age  of  four- 
teen, by  Rev.  Ira  Pearson.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Amherst  College  in  the  class  of  1850,  and  pursued 
his  theological  studies  for  two  years  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution.  He  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Somerville,  Mass..  in  1853, 
where  he  remained  one  year,  and  then  removed  to 
Worcester,  Mass.     His  subsequent  pastorates  have 


been  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  Concord,  N.  II.,  and  Lynn, 
Mass.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Mr.  Faunce  has  written  much  for  denominational 
papers,  and  prepared  articles  for  the  Baptist  Quar- 
terli/.  In  1S74  he  was  awarded  the  "  Fletcher 
Prize"  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  his  essay  was 
subsequently  published,  under  the  title  "  The 
Christian  in  the  World."  lie  has  published  also  "  A 
Young  Man's  Difficulties  with  the  Bible."  Both  of 
these  volumes  have  been  republished  in  London. 

Fawcett,  Rev.  A.  J.,  pastor  at  Hamburg,  Ark., 
was  Ijorn  in  Tennessee  in  1S45 ;  after  receiving  a 
good  education,  he  began  to  preach  in  1867  ;  was 
first  pastor  at  Humboldt,  Tenn.,  and  continued  to 
preach  in  West  Tennessee  until  1876,  when  he  was 
called  to  Lake  Village,  Chicot  Co.,  Ark. ;  in  1879 
he  was  invited  to  his  present  work. 

Fawcett,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  near  Bradford, 
Yorkshire,  England,  Jan.  6,  1740.  He  was  con- 
verted through  the  instrumentality  of  George 
Whitefield  when  he  was  about  sixteen  years  of 
age,  and  at  nineteen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Baptist  church  of  Bradford.  In 
1765,  Mr.  Fawcett  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  AVainsgate,  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  He  removed  from  AVainsgate  to 
Hebden  Bridge,  where  he  continued  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  July  25,  1814.  Near  Hebden 
Bridge  Mr.  Fawcett  conducted  a  flourishing  acad- 
emy, where  John  Foster,  and  others  who  subse- 
quently gained  great  distinction,  received  their 
entire  education,  or  a  part  of  it.  Mr.  Fawcett 
had  extensive  culture  and  respectable  talents  ;  his 
reading  was  remarkable,  and  his  standing  in  his 
own  and  other  denominations  high.  When  Dr. 
Gill  died  he  was  invited  by  his  church  to  London, 
with  a  view  of  becoming  his  successor.  He  was 
ofiered  the  presidency  of  Bristol  College  in  1792. 

His  commentary  on  the  Bible,  in  two  folio  vol- 
umes, is  of  great  worth  for  its  devotional  char- 
acter, and  though  now  very  scarce,  it  is  highly 
prized  by  those  who  own  it.  He  wrote  a  volume 
of  original  hymns,  many  of  which  are  to  be  found 
in  the  sacred  songs  of  various  denominations.  He 
was  the  author  of  eleven  works. 

A  clergyman,  preaching  before  George  III.,  made 
a  quotation  from  a  small  volume  written  by  Mr. 
Fawcett,  which  attracted  the  king's  attention  ;  on 
inquiring,  he  found  that  Mr.  Fawcett  was  the 
author  of  the  book.  Through  the  preacher  he  sent 
W(ird  that  he  would  like  to  render  Mr.  Fawcett  some 
service.  The  Baptist  pastor  declined  the  king's  favor 
for  himself ;  but  afterwards  turned  it  to  account 
by  saving  one  man  from  being  executed,  and  sev- 
eral others  from  heavy  legal  penalties.  In  1811, 
Mr.  Fawcett  was  made  a  Doctor  of  Divinity.  Dr. 
Fawcett  had  all  the  qualities  that  show  a  conse- 
crated life. 


FEAKE 


391 


FERGUS  OX 


Feake,  Rev.  Christoplier,  was  a  minister  of 
the  Kstablislied  Church  of  England,  who  adopted 
the  sentiments  of  the  Baptists  in  the  time  of  the  Par- 
liamentary war.  and  became  one  of  tlie  most  noted 
leaders  of  our  denomination.  When  a  Baptist  he 
preached  in  All-Saints'  church,  Hertford,  the  greats 
ist  church  in  the  place  ;  while  there  he  opposed  the 
Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  and  treated  their 
Directory  with  contempt.  For  these  supposed 
lieresies  and  for  his  Fifth  Monarchy  principles  he 
was  lirought  before  the  assizes,  but  the  judges  dis- 
liiissed  the  charge.  Afterwards  he  was  appointed 
minister  of  Christ's  church,  in  London  ;  and  he  be- 
came the  possessor  of  so  much  influence  that  Crom- 
well, who  hated  persecution,  felt  compelled  to  have 
him  arrested  and  sent  a  prisoner  to  Windsor  Castle 
for  hostility  to  his  government.  He  knew  nothing 
of  fear,  and  being  a  stern  republican,  he  publicly 
branded  Cromwell  as  "  the  most  dissembling  and 
perjured  villain  in  the  world ;"  and  he  made  this 
charge  at  the  period  of  Cromweirs  greatest  power. 
Feake  w.is  a  skillful  orator,  a  bold  defender  of  the 
truth,  a  great  sufferer  fbr  his  principles,  and  he  was 
held  in  high  regard  by  the  Baptists  of  his  day. 

Felder,  Rev.  Charles,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Mississippi  and  Louisiana,  was  born  in  17S3  ;  be- 
gan to  preach  in  1809  ;  came  to  Mississippi  in  1819, 
and  was  an  active  co-laborer  with  Cooper,  Reeves, 
Courtney,  and  others,  in  South  Mississippi ;  was 
often  moderator  of  the  Mississippi  Association  ; 
died  in  1843. 

Felix,  Rev.  Joseph  S.,  brother  of  William  II., 
was  l)orn  in  AV'oodford  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  19,  18.51. 
He  graduated  at  Georgetown  College  in  1871;  then 
spent  one  year  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary.  He  united  with  Hillsborough  church, 
in  his  native  county,  where  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1871.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Augusta,  Ky.,  in  1872,  where  he 
still  ministers.  Mr.  Felix  is  a  young  preacher  of 
excellent  gifts  and  attainments. 

FeUx,  Rev.  'William  H.,  was  born  in  Wood- 
ford Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  f'l,  1S38.  He  united  with  Hills- 
borough Baptist  church,  in  that  county,  in  his 
youth.  He  was  educated  at  Georgetown  College, 
graduating  in  1860,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  practised  law  at  Shelbyville  a  short  time.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  New  Castle,  in  August,  18t)0.  He  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lexington  in 
1863.  and  resigned,  in  1869,  to  accept  a  call  to  Pil- 
grim Baptist  church  in  Xew  York  City.  In  1870 
he  returned  to  Covington,  Ky.,  and  became  pastor 
of  his  present  charge,  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
that  city.  Mr.  Felix's  contributions  to  the  Baptist 
periodical  literature  have  been  well  received,  and 
his  bonk  "True  AVomanhood,''  recently  published, 
his  met  with  popular  favor. 


Felton,  Richard,  was  a  deacon  with  C.  E. 
Skinner,  of  the  Hertford  Baptist  church,  and  like 
him  was  distinguished  for  his  liberality.  He  gave 
S7(KJ0  to  build  the  church  in  Hertford  ;  he  also  gave 
S5000,  at  the  convention  in  Raleigh,  in  1856,  to 
Wake  Forest  College,  and  about  the  same  time  he 
gave  S2UIXI  towards  the  erection  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Raleigh,  N.  C.  More  than  the  example  of 
his  friend  and  brother.  Deacon  Skinner,  prompting 
him  to  benevolence,  was  the  sweet  influence  of  his 
wife,  Mary,  whose  noble  heart  consecrated  all  to 
Christ.  Deacon  Felton  died  soon  after  the  close  of 
the  war. 

Fendall,  Rev.  Edward  Davies,  was  born  at 
Churchtown,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  Aug.  6,  1814; 
was  converted  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Leonard 
Fletcher,  and  by  him  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Great  Valley  church.  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  Al- 
though reared  in  the  Episcopalian  Church,  he  be- 
came a  Baptist  through  careful  reading  and  study 
of  the  New  Testament.  With  six  other  brethren, 
he  was  licensed  to  preach,  Jan.  5,  1839,  and  en- 
tered upon  a  coui-se  of  study  at  Haddington  and 
Burlington  Institutions,  under  the  instruction  of 
Revs.  Henry  K.  Green  and  Samuel  Aaron.  Fail- 
ing health  compelled  liim  to  leave  his  studies,  and 
he  commenced  his  ministry  at  Cedarville,  N.  J.  ; 
was  ordained  May  17,  1839,  and  after  a  successful 
pastorate,  he  resigned  April  I,  1843.  He  then 
became  pastor  of  the  venerable  Cohansey  church, 
at  Roadstown,  N.  J.,  which  was  constituted  in 
1690,  and  was  one  of  the  five  constituents  of  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  formed  in  1707.  Here 
he  remained  some  three  years  and  a  half,  during 
which  the  church  attained  its  greatest  number  of 
members.  After  several  years  spent  in  teaching, 
he  became  p.astor  at  Moorestown,  X.  J.,  May  1, 
1852.  Here  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed,  and 
he  remained  for  twelve  years,  when  failing  health 
compelled  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate.  In 
1854  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  West  Jersey 
Association,  which  office  he  still  holds.  In  1864 
he  became  Philadelphia  editor  of  The  Chronicle, 
the  successor  of  the  Christian  Chronitte.  wh'wh  had 
been  transferred  to  New  York.  In  March,  1865, 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  sales 
department  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society;  and  in  1876  was  chosen  assistant  corre- 
sponding secretary,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  religious  news- 
jiapers  :  and  wrote  one  or  two  tracts  which  have 
been  widely  circulated.  By  those  who  know  him, 
he  will  alwavs  be  kindly  remembered  as  an  ex- 
ceedingly aSiftble  and  exemplary  Christian  gentle- 
man. 

Ferguson,  John,  was  converted  in  Halifax, 
Xova  Scotia,  and  baptized  July  9.  1826,  by  Rev. 
Edward  Manning:  joined  Granville  Street  church, 


FERRIS 


392 


FIELD 


organized  in  that  city  in  1827,  and  became  very  in- 
fluential in  tlie  church  and  denomination  ;  a  warm 
friend  of  education ;  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Christian  Messenger  from  its  commencement,  in 
1836,  to  his  death,  Feb.  10,  1855.  Mr.  Ferguson 
possessed  fine  talents,  rare  judgment  and  penctra- 
tion,  and  holy  enthusiasm  in  Christian  and  denom- 
inational enterprises. 

Ferris,  Rev.  Ezra,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Stan- 
wich,  Conn.,  April  2t),  1783.  He  came  with  his 
father  to  Ohio  in  1780,  and  settled  in  Columbia, 
the  first  town  in  the  Miami  VuUoy.  He  joined  the 
Baptist  church  there  in  1801.  He  came  to  Law- 
renceburg,  Ind.,  in  1807,  and  preached  the  first 
sermon  ever  heard  from  a  Baptist  in  the  county. 
A  few  years  afterwards  he  organized  the  Lawrence- 
burg  Baptist  chui'ch,  and  was  its  pastor  for  more 
than  thirty  years.  He  was  prominent  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Laughei-y  Association  in  1816. 

In  his  youth  he  ha<l  returned  to  the  East  to  ob- 
tain an  education.  He  was  for  many  years  a  physi- 
cian, having  graduated  at  a  Philadelphia  medical 
college.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  constitu- 
tional convention  of  Indiana,  held  at  Corydon,  was 
several  times  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  once  nominated  for  Congress,  but  was  defeated 
by  five  votes.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Lawrence- 
burg,  April  19,  1857. 

Fickling,  F.  W. — Few,  if  any,  of  the  sons  of 
South  Carolina  have  been  endowed  with  nobler 
intellectual  or  moral  faculties  than  F.  W.  Fickling, 
but  his  lack  of  "  ambition,"  last  infirmity  of  noble 
minds,  is  a  real  defect  in  his  character.  His  prac- 
tice as  a  lawyer  before  the  war  was  very  lucrative, 
and  yet  he  never  seemed  to  make  the  slightest 
effort  to  extend  it. 

The  writer  once  he.ard  him  deliver  an  argument 
in  court.  In  the  beginning  it  was  commonplace. 
But  as  his  argument  advanced  his  voice  rose,  his 
countenance  brightened  until  it  looked  almost  su- 
perhuman, and  a  mesmeric  charmer  has  scarcely 
more  complete  control  over  his  subjects  than  he 
had  over  his  entire  audience.  He  is  now  living  in 
Columbia. 

Had  he  sought  fame,  he  might,  instead  of  being 
but  partially  known  in  his  native  State,  have  ranked 
as  one  of  the  first  lawyers  of  the  nation.  He  is  a 
Christian,  with  such  a  measure  of  piety  as  makes 
him  a  blessing  to  the  church  and  to  the  world. 

Field,  Gen.  James  G.,  was  born  at  Walnut, 
Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  24,  1826.  His  father  was 
Lewis  Yancey  Field,  a  justice  of  the  county.  After 
receiving  the  elements  of  an  education,  he  was  en- 
gaged for  a  while  in  a  mercantile  house  in  Fairfax 
(Culpeper).  In  1845  he  left  this  occupation,  and 
entered  a  classical  school,  where  he  remained  about 
one  year.  In  1847  he  taught  school,  and  was  soon 
appointed  clerk  to  Maj.  Hill,  paymaster  in  the  U.  S. 


array,  with  whom  he  went  to  California  in  1848. 
There,  in  1850,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  secre- 
taries of  the  constitutional  convention,  which 
formed    the    first   constitution   of  that  State.     In 


GEN.  J.\MES   C.  FIELD. 

18.50  he  returned  to  Virginia,  resigned  his  clerk- 
ship, and  began  the  study  of  law  with  his  distin- 
guished uncle  Judge  Richard  II.  Field.  In  1852 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  began  a  profes- 
sional career,  which  has  continued  to  brighten  to 
the  present  hour.  In  1860  he  was  elected  attorney 
for  the  Commonwealth  in  his  native  county,  which 
office  he  held  until  1865.  Gen.  Field  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Confederate  service  during  the  war,  was 
wounded  in  the  right  hand  at  the  first  battle  of 
Cold  Harbor,  and  lost  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Slaugh- 
ter's Mountain.  Upon  the  close  of  the  war  he  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  law  in  Culpeper,  occupying 
the  first  rank  in  his  profession.  He  has  been  active 
in  all  the  political  contests  in  the  State,  .and  is  one 
of  the  ablest  debaters  and  most  eloquent  speakers 
in  a  commonwealth  greatly  gifted  with  such  men. 
On  the  death  of  the  lamented  Mr.  Daniel,  attorney- 
general  of  the  State,  Gov.  Kemper  commissioned 
him  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Daniel.  On 
the  day  previous  to  this  appointment  the  Conser- 
vative party  of  Virginia  nominated  him  for  that 
distinguished  position. 

General  Field  w.as  baptized  May,  1843,  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Mount  Poney  church  (Culpeper) 
by  Rev.  Cumberland  George,  where  he  has  been  a 
most  .active  member  for  thirty-five  years.  He  was 
for  twenty  years  one  of  its  deacons,  and  for  many 


FIELD 


393 


FIFTH  MONARCHY  MEN 


years  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-scliool.  For 
successive  sessions  he  served  as  moderator  of  the 
Shiloh  Baptist  Association.  lie  has  been  deeply 
interested  in  all  the  enterprises  of  the  dononiina- 
tion,  aiding  them  by  counsel  and  contributions. 
He  has  also  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
secular  papers,  discussing  with  great  legal  acumen 
and  vigor  of  style  the  current  political  questions  of 
the  day.  One  who  knew  him  well  characterizes 
him  as  "  a  sound  lawyer,  an  able  debater,  an  elo- 
quent speaker,  and  a  Christian  gentleman." 

Field,   S.  W.,   D.D.,  was  bom   in   North   Yar- 
mouth, Me.,  April  28,  1813.     lie  was  baptized  by 


.S.    W.    FIKI.D,   D.D. 

Rev.  Alonzo  King,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church, 
June,  1830  ;  fitted  for  college  at  the  academy  in 
his  native  place,  and  entered  Waterville  College  in 
1832  ;  completed  a  course  of  four  years'  study,  but 
took  his  degree  at  New  York  University  in  July, 
18.36 ;  was  associate  teacher  with  Rev.  Nathan 
Dole  one  term  in  the  North  Yarmouth  Academy  ; 
entered  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  grad- 
uated in  1839;  was  ordained  at  North  Yarmouth 
as  an  appointed  missionary  to  Assam.  Oct.  3,  1839. 
Rev.  Baron  Stow,  of  Boston,  preached  the  ordina- 
tion sermon  on  the  occasion.  As  the  board  were 
compelled  for  want  of  funds  to  inform  him  that  no 
missionary  could  be  sent  out  for  two  years,  he  was 
nnder  the  necessity  of  settling  as  a  pastor.  Ills 
first  charge  was  in  Methuen,  Mass.,  of  seven  j'cars  ; 
his  second  in  Ilallowell,  Me.,  of  three  years.  In 
his  third  and  last,  )iy  the  lamented  death  of  his 
former  pastor,  Rev.  L.  Bradford,  he  became  pastor 
26 


of  what  was  the  Pine  Street,  now  the  Central  Bap- 
tist, church.  Providence,  R.  I.  After  ten  years" 
labor  he  resigned  in  18.59.  He  was  engaged  in 
preaching  in  Providence  and  its  vicinity  till  1862, 
when  he  was  apjiointed  by  the  governor  of  Rhode 
Island  chaplain  of  the  I2th  Regiment  R.  I.  Vols. 
Served  the  full  term  of  the  enlistment,  and  was  in 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.  Heart  and  hand 
had  full  employ  on  that  terrible  day  and  for  manv 
days  after.  He  was  highly  favored  in  his  religious 
work  by  the  co-operation  of  Col.  Geo.  II.  Browne 
and  Lt.-Col.  James  Shaw,  Jr.  He  is  still  a  resi- 
dent in  Providence,  and  a  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  preaching  in  various  places  as  oc- 
casion calls  for  his  services.  In  1877  the  Central 
University  of  Iowa,  Rev.  L.  A.  Dunn,  D.D.,  Presi- 
dent, conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doc- 
tor of  Divinity. 

Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  The,  for  a  considerable 
period,  created  great  alarm  in  England  to  the  gov- 
ernment and  to  the  people.  Their  name  is  taken 
from  the  dream  of  Nebuchadnezzar  where  he  saw 
the  golden  image.  The  head  of  the  image  was  the 
monarchy  of  the  king  who  had  the  dream  ;  the 
silver  arms,  that  of  the  Medes  and  Persians;  the 
brazen  body,  that  of  Alexander  and  the  Macedo- 
nians ;  the  legs  of  iron  and  the  feet  part  iron  and 
part  clay,  that  of  the  Romans  ;  and  the  stone,  cut 
without  bands,  which  smote  and  utterly  destroyed 
the  image,  and  became  a  great  mountain,  and  filled 
the  whole  earth,  was  the  monarchy  of  Jesus  Christ 
which  was  to  overthrow  all  earthly  governments, 
and,  under  its  divine  sovereign,  rule  over  all  the 
nations  of  mankind.  This  was  the  "  Fifth  Mon- 
archy" of  Cromwell's  day,  and  of  the  time  of 
Charles  II.  The  Fifth  Monarchy  men  were  in  ex- 
pectation of  the  coming  of  king  Jesus,  and  of  his 
glorious  reign  of  a  thousand  years  upon  the  earth. 
They  aimed  to  destroy  national  church  establish- 
ments and  tithes,  and  to  make  religion  free.  And 
they  were  stern  republicans,  hating  the  one-man 
power  of  Cromwell  a  little  more  than  they  abhorred 
the  tyranny  of  Charles  I.  If  this  had  been  all  tlieir 
faith  many  would  not  have  found  much  fault  with 
them.  But  unfortunately  they  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  they  had  to  establish  the  government 
of  king  Jesus  by  force  of  arms.  With  this  object 
in  view,  in  1657,  according  to  Neal.  3(X)  of  thera 
agreed  to  make  an  attempt  to  overthrow  the  gov- 
ernment, kill  the  Protector,  and  proclaim  king 
Jesus.  Secretary  Thurloe  discovered  the  plot  and 
seized  their  arms  and  standard.  Their  flag  had  a 
lion  couchant  upon  it,  alluding  to  the  lion  of  the 
tribe  of  Judah,  and  this  motto,  "Who  will  rouse 
him  ?"  The  conspirators  were  arrested  and  kept 
in  prison  till  Oliver  Cromwell's  death. 

In  1660.  Thomas  Venner,  a  wine  cooper,  gathered 
about  fifty  Fifth  Monarchy  men,  who  were  well 


FINCH 


394 


FISH 


armed,  wlio  set  out  to  seize  the  government  for 
kinj;  Jesus.  Charles  II.  was  on  the  throne,  and  he 
was  no  friend  of  king  Jesus,  or  of  Venner  and  his 
crazy  followers.  He  sent  the  train-bands  of  Lon- 
don and  portions  of  the  regular  army  against 
them.  The  Fifth  Monarchy  men  routed  the  train- 
bands, dispersed  some  soldiers  in  Threadneedle 
Street,  but  at  last  they  surrendered,  after  losing 
alK>ut  half  their  number,  and  eleven  of  them  were 
executed.  No  Baptists  had  anything  to  do  with 
Venner's  mad  outbreak,  though  not  a  few  of  them 
had  some  sympathy  with  the  theory  of  the  person.il 
reign  of  Clirist  for  a  tlioiisand  years. 

Finch,  Rev.  Josiah  John. — This  excellent  man 
was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  N.  C,  Feb.  3,  1814;  at- 
tended academies  in  Louisburg  and  Raleigh,  and 
spent  two  sessions  at  Wake  Forest  College.  He 
became  pastor  of  the  Edenton  Baptist  church  in 
1835,  removed  in  1838  to  Xewbern,  wliere  for 
seven  years  he  was  the  honored  p-T-^tor  of  the  lead- 
ing Baptist  church  of  the  State.  In  184.5  he  was 
called  to  Raleigh,  where,  in  connection  with  his 
duties  as  pastor,  he  aided  his  wife  in  conducting  a 
prosperous  female  seminary.  lie  died  of  consump- 
tion .Jan.  21,  18.50.  A  volume  of  his  sermons,  pub- 
lished by  his  brother.  Rev.  G.  M.  L.  Finch,  after 
his  death,  shows  that  he  was  a  preacher  of  more 
than  ordinary  merit. 

Fish,  Ezra  J.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Macedon, 
Wayne  Co..  X.  Y.,  Sept.  29,  1828.  He  was  bap- 
tized in  Medina,  Orleans  Co.,  in  July,  1844.  In 
the  fall  of  1847  he  went  to  Hamilton  to  study  for 
the  ministry,  and  transferred  his  relations  to 
Rochester  University  in  1850,  graduating  from  the 
latter  institution  in  1853.  He  commenced  study 
in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Rochester  the  same 
fall,  but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  cease  in  the 
autumn  of  18.54,  and  he  went  to  Michigan  for  rest 
and  recuperation.  The  next  spring  he  began  pas- 
toral work  in  Lima,  Ind.  Here  and  at  Sturgis, 
Mich.,  he  labored  till  the  autumn  of  1858,  giving 
part  of  his  time  to  each  church.  Then  followed  a 
rest  of  three  years,  made  necessary  by  ill  health, 
then  a  second  psistorate  of  three  years  at  Sturgis. 
From  December,  1804,  till  Xovember,  1874,  he  was 
pastor  in  Adrian,  and  was  very  successful  in  bring- 
ing the  church  into  the  front  rank  of  the  churches 
of  Michigan.  Sickness  again  compelled  him  to 
suspend  work,  and  for  nearly  three  years  he  was 
able  to  preach  only  a  part  of  the  time,  making  his 
home  in  Bronson,  and  supplyini:  churches  in  the 
vicinity  as  his  health  allowed.  From  April.  1877, 
till  July,  1878,  he  did  the  work  of  a  pastor  in  Lan- 
sing, and  in  April,  1880,  became  pastor  in  Al- 
legan. 

For  several  years  he  has  directed  his  attention 
largely  to  the  study  of  church  org.inization  and 
officers,  and   he   published   a   volume,  soon   after 


leaving  Adrian,  entitled  "  Ecclcsiology  :  A  Fresh 
Inquiry  into  the  Fundamental  Idea  and  Constitu- 
tion of  the  New  Testament  Church.''  Kalamazoo 
College  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1874.  He  was  president  of  the  Michi- 
gan Baptist  Sbite  Convention  in  1867,  and  again 
in  1873. 

Fish,  Henry  Clay,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Halifax, 
Vt.,  Jan.  27,  1S20.     His  father  was  a  Baptist  pas- 


HEN'RY   CLAY    FISH,  D.D. 

tor.  He  was  converted  at  fifteen.  He  studied  at 
the  high  school  in  his  native  town  and  at  the  Shel- 
burn  Falls  Academy.  lie  taught  school  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  came  to  New  Jersey  in  1.S40  to  pursue 
the  same  profession.  While  teaching  he  was  a 
very  severe  student,  as  indeed  he  was  ever  after. 
He  graduated  from  the  Union  Theological  Semi- 
nary, New  York  City,  June  25,  1845,  and  the  next 
day  he  was  ordained  pa-stor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Somerville,  X.  J.  In  -January.  1851,  he  entered 
upon  the  pa.storate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at 
Newark.  The  degree  of  D.I),  was  conferred  on 
Mr.  Fish  by  the  University  of  Rochester.  He  took 
a  lively  interest  in  educational  enterprises,  particu- 
larly in  the  Peddie  Institute,  at  llightstown,  N.  J. 
He  was  also  a  voluminous  author.  For  more  than 
twenty  years  he  published  an  average  of  a  volume 
a  year.  Among  his  works  are  "  Primitive  Piety," 
"Primitive  Piety  Revived,"  "The  History  and 
Repository  of  Pulpit  Eloquence,"  "Pulpit  Elo- 
quence of  the  Nineteenth  Century,"  "The  Hand- 
book of  Reviv.als,"  and  "The  American  Manual  of 
Life  Insurance."     One  of  his  last  published  vol- 


FISH 


395 


FISHER 


unies  was  "  Bible  Lands  Illustrated,"  the  result  of 
an  ei^ht  months'  journey  abroad  in  1874. 

He  died  at  his  home  Oct.  2, 1877,  after  a  pastorate 
over  the  First  church  of  twenty-seven  years.  While 
Dr.  Fish  was  well  known  throughout  the  land,  and 
prominent  in  public  assemblies  as  well  as  in  his 
writings,  he  gave  particular  attention  to  the  edifi- 
cation of  his  large  church.  In  preaching  he  was 
very  earnest  and  pointed.  Ilis  capacious  house 
w;u*  filled  with  listeners.  He  infused  his  spirit  into 
every  department  of  Christian  work.  lie  made 
free  use  of  printed  tracts  and  slips  of  his  own  com- 
position, and  had  frerjuent  ingatherings  as  the  re- 
sult of  special  meetings.  The  last  year  of  his  life 
was  crowned  with  a  great  .spiritual  harvest. 

For  many  years  he  was  secretary  of  the  New 
Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society,  and  he  rendered 
very  valuable  service  in  stimulating  the  churches 
to  deeper  interest  in  the  rising  ministry  and  in  en- 
couraging candidates  for  the  sacred  office  in  their 
efforts  to  prepare  themselves  for  the  noblest  of 
callings. 

Fish,  Rev.  Joel  W.,  n,  native  of  Cheshire. 
Berkshire  Co.,  .Mass..  was  born  Feb.  1,  1817.  Edu- 
cated at  Madison  University,  from  which  he  was 
craduatcd  in  184o,  and  Hamilton  Theological  Sem- 
inary, from  ^^•hich  he  was  graduated  in  184.5.  lie 
was  ordained  in  September,  1845,  at  Mansville, 
X.  Y. ;  soon  after  which  he  came  to  Wisconsin  as 
a  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society,  and  settled  at  Geneva,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  seven  years.  Subse- 
quently he  labored  at  Racine  two  years,  Fox  Lake 
eleven  years,  Waupaca  as  supply  ne.arly  two  years, 
and  at  present  he  is  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Augusta.  He  was  general  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  for  twelve 
years.  During  the  war  he  was  at  the  front  in  the 
service  of  the  U.  S.  Christian  Commission,  caring 
for  the  sick,  wounded,  and  dying.  The  ministry 
of  Mr.  Fish  during  his  residence  of  thirty-four 
years  in  the  State  has  been  one  of  great  growth 
with  our  people  and  churches.  Even  when  pastor 
bis  labors  and  influence  were  not  limited  to  his 
local  field.  He  always  took  a  deep  interest  in  the 
progress  and  welfare  of  the  denomination  through- 
out the  State.  His  influence  as  a  herald  of  the 
cross  is  felt  in  all  parts  of  Wisconsin,  and  he  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  his  brethren  in  the  minis- 
try. He  has  been  a  hard  worker  on  an  unpro- 
ductive soil.  While  gener.il  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  during 
twelve  years  of  service  he  traveled  over  4().000 
miles.  He  has  baptized  4(X)  converts.  ,\t  the  aire 
of  sixty-three  he  is  preaching  the  gospel  with  much 
acceptance  and  success. 

Mr.   Fish  has  had  five   children,    only   one   of 
whom,  a  son,  is  living.     Two  highly  gifted  and 


accomplished  daughters  he  buried  after  they  had 
reached  mature  womanhood.  His  wife,  a  woman 
of  fine  mental  and  Christian  culture,  has  tieen  the 
sharer  of  his  forty  years  of  missionary  labor,  thor- 
oughly in  sympathy  with  him  in  his  self-denying 
labors  and  often  painful  sacrifices. 

Fish,  Hon.  Nathan  Gallnp,  son  of  Deacon 
Sands  and  Bridget  (Gallup)  Fish,  was  born  in 
Groton,  Conn.,  Sept.  7,  1804;  had  a  good  educa- 
tion ;  became  a  distinguished  sea-captain  and  ship- 
owner; also  a  merchant  after  leaving  the  sea; 
elected  to  the  State  senate  ;  widely  known  and 
honored  ;  president  of  the  Mystic  River  Bank ;  a 
deacon  of  the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  now 
Union  Baptist  church  ;  a  man  of  wealth,  but  lost 
heavily  by  the  Confederate  cruisers  during  the 
war;  a  man  of  rare  excellence  and  abilities;  died 
in  Groton,  Aug.  1,  1870.  His  father  was  a  greatly 
esteemed  deacon  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Grotcn. 

Fisher,  Abiel,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Putney,  Vt., 
June  I'J.  1787.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  church  in  Daville,  Vt.,  Dec.  5.  1800. 
Having  decided  that  he  ought  to  be  a  minister  of 
the  gospel,  he  went  through  a  preparatory  course, 
graduating  at  the  Vermont  University  in  the  class 
of  1811.  Ho  pursued  his  theological  studies  under 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  then  of  Middlebury,  and 
was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  in  Brandon,  Vt., 
June  1"),  ISl.i.  In  January,  1810.  he  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  the  jiastorate  of  the  church  in  Bel- 
lingliam,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  twelve  years. 
From  Bellingham  he  was  called  to  West  Boylston, 
Mass..  and  continued  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place  for  three  years.  After  brief  pastorates 
in  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  and  Pawtuxet.  R.  I.,  he  had 
the  charge  for  several  years  of  the  church  in  Swan- 
sea, Ma.s.s.,  the  oldest  Baptist  church  in  the  State. 
His  last  pastorate  was  at  Sutton,  Mass.,  from  which 
place  he  removed  to  West  Boylston,  where  he  died 
in  the  summer  of  1862. 

Dr.  Fisher  received  his  D.D.  from  Vermont 
University,  and  it  was  most  deservedly  bestowed. 
There  was  no  good  cause  in  which  he  <lid  not  take 
an  interest.  In  connection  with  the  Rev.  Jonathan 
Going,  he  rendered  the  best  service  to  the  Baptist 
cause  in  the  central  sections  of  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  lover  of  learning,  and  quite  a  number  of 
voun;;  men  enjoved  the  benefits  of  his  instruction, 
aujoni:  whom  were  Rev.  Jcmathnn  Aldrich  and  Hon. 
Charles  Thurber.  We  may  justly  claim  Dr.  Fisher 
as  having  been  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  of 
the  denomination  in  the  State  of  Mnssachu,«etts. 

Fisher,  Rev,  C.  L.,  was  bom  at  Norwich.  Eng- 
lami,  and  is  now  pastor  at  Santa  Clara.  Cal.  lie 
was  baptized  in  1>*40  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Bro.id  Street  church,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  to  which  place 
the  family  removed  from  England  in  1827,     He 


FISHER 


396 


FISHER 


was  educated  at  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  the  seat  of  Iliim- 
ilton  College.  He  began  his  ministry  at  Mon- 
tello,  Wis.,  where  he  was  ordained  in  1851.  He 
labored  in  Wisconsin  as  pastor  and  missionary 
about  ten  years,  organizing  churches,  building 
church  edifices,  and  baptizing  many  converts.  In 
18.59  he  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  spent  one  year 
with  the  Meoney  Creek  and  Centerville  churches. 
He  emigrated  to  Oregon  in  1860,  and  was  pastor 
seven  years  at  Salem,  where  he  built  a  house  of 
worship.  In  1.S09  he  moved  to  California,  and 
was  pastor  until  1875  at  Sonora,  Columbia,  Santa 
Clara,  and  Marysville,  and  organized  new  churches 
at  Camptonville  and  Yulja  City.  In  1875  he  went 
to  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  and  in  1877  was  at  Reno. 
In  these  two  cities  he  built  houses  of  worship,  and 
organized  a  church  at  Carson  City.  Returning  to 
California,  lie  organized  a  church  at  Ilolistcr,  and 
in  1878  settled  again  at  Santa  Clara.  His  life  has 
been  a  busy  one  in  revival  work.  lie  has  baptized 
about  600  converts,  is  an  earnest  preacher,  and  a 
constant  contributor  to  the  religious  papers. 

Fisher,  Rev.  Ezra,  one  of  the  (lioneer  Baptist 
missionariea  to  Oregon,  was  born  at  Wcn<li'l,  Mass., 
Jan.  6,  1800,  when  Baptists  were  suffering  much 
persecution  in  that  State  by  the  Established  Church. 
In  1818  he  was  converted,  and  became  a  minister 
of  the  gospel.  After  many  struggles  for  an  educa- 
tion he  graduated  from  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1829,  was  ordained  Jan.  17,  18.'?0,  laliored 
with  much  success  as  pastor  one  year  at  Cambridge, 
and  two  years  at  Springfield,  Vt.,  where  he  baptized 
80  converts.  As  a  missionary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  he  preached  for  thir- 
teen years  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Quincy,  111.,  and 
Davenport,  Iowa.  In  1845  he  crossed  the  plains 
with  an  ox-team  for  Oregon,  and  reached  Tualatin 
Plains  in  the  fall,  and  at  once  began  to  preach  to 
the  settlers.  In  1846  he  organized  the  first  Baptist 
church  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  AVashing- 
ton  Co.,  Oregon.  He  was  full  of  zeal,  and  ready 
to  sacrifice  any  comfort  for  Christ.  He  had  special 
gifts  for  teaching,  and  in  1849  took  charge  of  the 
Baptist  school  at  Oregon  City,  out  of  which  after- 
wards grew  the  college  at  McMinnville.  In  1849 
he  resigned  his  chair  in  the  institute,  and  g.ave  him- 
self to  p.astoral  and  missionary  work  until  Oct.  IS, 
1874,  when  he  preached  his  last  sermon  at  the  Dal- 
les' church.  A  sudden  illness  prevented  him  from 
further  labor.  He  was  carried  to  his  home  from 
the  church,  and  Nov.  1,  1874,  he  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus,  and  closed  an  unusu.ally  .active  and  success- 
ful life,  whose  fruits  are  abundant  everywhere  in 
Oregon. 

Fisher,  John,  was  born  in  England,  July  2.3, 
1799;  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1817,  and  120  miles 
from  that  city  heard  a  sermon  which  changed  his 
whole  life  ;  settled  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in 


1828,  became  convinced  that  believers'  baptism  only 
is  authorized  by  Christ,  was  baptized  in  1842,  and 
joined  tlie  Germain  Street  Baptist  church ;  was 
soon  appointed  a  deacon,  which  office  he  still  hon- 
ors. As  a  ship-builder  an<l  sbi|i-owner  Mr.  Fisher 
has  added  greatly  to  the  wealth  of  St.  John,  and 
the  commerce  of  New  Brunswick. 

Fisher,  Hon.  Stearns,  was  bom  near  Dover, 
Windham  Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  5, 1804.  His  father  moved 
to  Ohio  in  1816.  The  .son  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
taught  a  school  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  patrons. 
He  afterwards  began  to  work  on  the  Ohio  Canal, 
and  by  dint  of  assiduous  study  he  was  aide  to  step 
from  the  office  of  axeman  to  that  of  engineer.  Hon. 
Alfred  Kelly,  who  was  chairman  of  the  Ohio  Board 
of  Public  AVorks,  finding  him  one  night  after  twelve 
o'clock  studying  algebra,  took  an  especial  interest 
in  him  and  aided  him.  Having  found  employment 
on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal,  he  moved  to  a  farm 
near  Wabash,  Ind.,  in  1833.  He  was  afterwards 
appointed  general  superintendent  of  the  canal.  He 
had  control  of  canal  construction  and  land  offices 
in  the  State,  and  although  over  one  and  a  half 
million  dollars  passed  through  his  hands,  there  was 
no  charge  nor  thought  of  dishonesty.  In  1846  he 
was  again  appointed  general  superintendent  of  the 
canal.  He  was  for  one  term  a  member  of  the  lower 
house  in  the  Indiana  Legislature.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  the  Indiana  Legislature. 
Here,  as  in  the  house,  his  ability  and  leadership 
were  .acknowledged.  He  was  appointed  paymaster 
of  the  Indiana  Legion.  In  the  dark  days  of  the 
war  he  was  a  firm  friend  of  the  Union,  and  greatly 
aided  Gov.  Morton  in  his  patriotic  efforts  in  Indi- 
ana. He  was  converted,  and  joined  the  Wabash 
Baptist  church  in  1853,  and  was  an  earnest,  con- 
sistent, benevolent  Christian.  Almost  his  whole 
life  was  spent  in  public  service,  and  his  integrity 
and  wisdom  were  universally  acknowledged.  He 
died  in  Wabash,  July  26,  1877. 

Fisher,  Rev.  Thomas  Jefferson,  a  strangely 
gifted  orator,  of  Gernmn  extraction,  was  born  in 
Mount  Sterling,  Ky.,  April  9,  1812.  At  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  professed  religion  and  joined  the 
Presbyterian  church  at  Paris,  Ky.,  but  soon  after- 
wards becoming  interested  in  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism, he  was  led  to  unite  with  Davids  Fork  Bap- 
tist church,  in  F.ayette  County,  where  he  was 
baptized  in  1829,  and  in  a  short  time  licensed  to 
preach.  Having  a  gre.at  thirst  for  knowledge,  he 
attended  school  at  Middletown,  Pa.,  and  afterward 
at  Pittsburgh,  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  S.  Wil- 
liams. In  1833  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry,  entering  the  pastoral  of- 
fice at  Lawrenceburg.  This  was  soon  abandoned 
for  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  to  which  he  devoted 
most  of  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  made  his 
home  in  Kentucky,  but  traveled  and  held  meetings 


FITZ 


397 


FIVE-MILE  ACT 


in  the  towns  and  cities  of  many  of  the  Southern 
States.  Vast  crowds  thronged  to  hear  him,  and  it 
is  estimated  that  12,000  persons  iirofesse<i  cunver- 
sion   under   his   ministry.      Whole   congregations 


/'/'///  4// 

REV.  THOMAS   JEFFERSON    FISHER. 

were  frequently  raised  to  their  feet  liy  tlie  power 
of  his  eloquence.  On  the  evening  of  Jan.  8,  1806, 
wliile  walking  along  Eighth  Street,  in  IjOuisville, 
Ky.,  he  was  struck  on  the  head  with  a  slung-shot, 
from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  three  days  after- 
wards. His  biography  was  written  and  publi.shed 
by  J.  II.  Spencer,  D.D. 

FitZ,  Hon.  Eustace  Gary,  was  born  in  Haver- 
hill, Mass.,  Feb.  5,  18.33.  Wlien  a  child  his  parents 
removed  to  Boston,  where  they  resided  until  1841, 
and  tlien  moved  to  Chel.sea.  lie  was  a  graduate  of 
the  Chelsea  High  School  in  1847.  Soon  after 
leaving  school  he  commenced  mercantile  pursuits, 
in  which  he  has  achieved  a  large  success.  In  1856 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
where  he  lived  till  1859,  when  he  returned  to 
Chelsea,  wliero  he  has  continued  to  reside  until  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Fitz  has  been  called  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  to  fill  various  offices  of  civil  trust.  lie  was 
president  of  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Chel- 
sea two  years,  mayor  of  Chelsea  three  years,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Kepresentatives 
two  years,  and  a  State  senator  two  years.  In  thecause 
of  Christian  benevolence,  he  has  proved  himself  an 
active  and  lilieral  friend.  As  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Missionary  Union,  he 
has  rendered  good  service  to  foreign  missions.  Mr. 
Fitz  is  in  the  prime  of  a  busy  life,  and  if  it  is  spared 


he  will  continue  to  make  his  influence  felt  as  a 
Christian  citizen,  and  a  loyal  member  of  the  de- 
nomination to  which  he  belongs. 

Fitz,  Rev.  H.,  was  burn  in  Charlton,  Mass., 
Nov.  'I'l,  1702.  He  received  his  education  at  Am- 
herst College,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1826.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies  at  New- 
ton, where  he  graduated  in  1829.  lie  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  tlie  Baptist  church  in  Waterville,  Me., 
Oct.  7,  1829,  from  which  he  removed  to  Hallowell, 
Me.,  and  from  thence  to  Middlcborough,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  four  years,  from  1832  to  1836. 
He  was  subsequently  pastor  of  the  churches  in 
Thompson,  Conn.,  Marblehead,  and  Millbury, 
Mass.  For  more  than  thirty  years,  he  was  the 
missionary  agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  came  to  be  known  everywhere  as 
"  Father  Fitz.''  Among  the  feeble  churches  of  the 
State,  he  did  a  work  the  inlluenec  of  which  will 
be  felt  for  a  long  time  to  come.  Jlr.  Fitz  died  at 
Middleborough  in  1877. 

Five-Mile  Act,  The,  received  the  king's  ap- 
proval Oct.  31,  1665.  By  its  provisions  no  min- 
ister was  permitted  to  come  within  five  miles  of 
any  city  or  corporation  where  he  had  preached 
after  the  Act  of  Oblivion,  under  very  severe  penal- 
ties, unless  he  should  take  the  following  oath :  "  I, 
A.  B.,  do  solemnly  declare,  that  it  is  not  lawful, 
upon  any  pretence  whatsoever,  to  take  up  arms 
against  the  king ;  and  that  I  do  abhor  the  traitor- 
ous position  of  taking  arms  by  his  authority  against 
his  person,  or  against  those  that  are  commissioned 
by  him,  in  pursuance  of  such  commission.  And  I 
do  swear  that  I  will  not  at  any  time  to  come  en- 
deavor the  alteration  of  the  government,  either  in 
church  or  state.     So  help  me  God.'' 

This  act  overflowed  with  cunning  malice.  The 
Non-Conformists  of  all  sects,  whose  pastors  had 
been  removed  from  them  by  the  Act  of  Uniformity, 
resided  chiefly  in  corporate  towns  and  cities,  and, 
as  a  consequence,  the  execution  of  thi.s  law  would 
drive  the  ministers  from  their  only  friends.  Per- 
haps there  was  not  a  single  Non-Conformist  min- 
ister in  England  but  believed  that  in  some  in- 
stances it  was  righteous  to  resist  a  wicked  king  by 
force  of  arms.  So  that  on  that  ground  alone  he 
could  not  take  the  oath.  And  then  all  Non-Con- 
formist ministers,  as  eon.scientious  men,  were  bound 
to  seek  alterations  ii\  the  government  of  a  church  so 
tainted  with  error  that  they  preferred  the  loss  of  all 
their  worldly  goods  to  a  confession  of  its  purity  by 
remaining  in  it.  The  Five-Mile  Act  was  designed 
to  subject  them  to  the  horrors  of  starvation,  by  cut- 
ting them  oB"  from  their  friends;  or  to  the  miseries 
of  a  dungeon  if  they  ventured  among  them,  for  the 
king  and  Parliament  well  knew  that  they  could 
never  take  such  an  oath.  So  that  it  was  intended 
to  destroy  all  Non-Conformist  congregations. 


FLAG 


398 


FLEISCHMANN 


Uniler  this  tlreaJful  law,  all  Dissentinj;  ministers 
suflered  the  most  f;rievous  wrongs  ;  and  not  a  few 
of  them  felt  the  panj^s  of  hunger.  Yet  large  num- 
bers of  them  dofit'd  the  act,  and  were  thrust  into 
foul  prisons  for  their  disobedience.  The  Baptist 
ministers  were  men  of  great  courage,  and  soon  after 
the  enactment  of  this  law  many  of  them  were  in 
the  jails  of  Christian  England,  for  preacliing  Jesus 
and  him  crucified. 

Flag,  American  Baptist,  was  established  in 
La  Grange,  Mo.,  Jan.  1,  1875,  by  D.  B.  Ray,  D.D., 
and  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  June,  1877.  It  aims  to 
supply  a  place  in  religious  journalism,  occupied  by 
no  other  paper,  in  views  of  the  ordinances  and 
church  constitution,  and  in  buld  antagonism  to 
error  and  latitudinarianism.  The  design  of  the 
editor  is  to  interfere  with  no  other  religious  jour- 
nal of  the  denominatinn.  It  nuikes  a  specialty  of 
ecclesiastical  history  and  polemic  theology.  On 
Jan.  7,  IS.SO,  the  name  of  the  Flaij  was  changed 
from  Bailie  Flag  to  American  Baptist  Flag,  and 
the  paper  was  enlarged  from  40  to  48  columns. 
It  has  able  contributors,  but  only  one  proprietor 
and  editor,  Dr.  I).  B.  Kay.  Rev.  D.  B.  Weber  is  the 
able  business  nmnager  and  a  minister  of  promise. 
The  Flag  is  not  sectional,  and  circulates  in  all 
the  States.  It  has  a  family  and  Sunday-school 
department. 

Flagg,  Rev.  Wilkes  (colored),  a  resident  of 
MilledgeviUe,  Ga.,  died  Nov.  13,  1878,  in  the 
seventy-eighth  year  of  his  age,  was  universally 
respected  and  esteemed  by  all  classes  of  the  com- 
munity. The  white  people  had  the  highest  regard 
for  him  as  an  honest  man  and  a  sincere  Christian. 
He  was  converted,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  at 
MilledgeviUe  in  1834,  was  made  a  deacon,  and  soon 
after  was  licensed  to  preach  to  the  colored  people. 
He  purchased  his  own  freedom  years  before  the 
war,  and,  while  preaching,  followed  the  trade  of  a 
blacksmith,  being  liberally  patronized  by  the  white 
people.  He  learned  to  read,  and  studied  the  Bible 
diligently,  and  became  a  most  useful  and  consistent 
Christian,  remaining  so  unto  the  day  of  his  death, 
bold  and  zealous  as  a  Christian,  yet  meek  and 
humble  as  a  disciple.  After  the  war  ho  organ- 
ized the  colored  members  of  the  MilledgeviUe 
church  into  a  separate  body,  and  was  chosen  their 
pastor,  and  so  continued  until  his  death.  He  was 
a  prime  mover  in  the  organization  of  the  Middle 
Georgia  Baptist  (colored)  Association  in  1866,  of 
which  he  was  annually  elected  moderator,  while  he 
lived.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Executive  Board, 
and  in  1873  was  elected  treasurer,  which  office  he 
held  at  death.  He  was  wise  in  counsel,  pure  in 
life,  zealous  in  deed,  and  earnest  and  sincere  in  his 
religion.  "  He  crystallized  the  teachings  of  his  re- 
ligion in  his  moral  being." 

Flanders,  Charles  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Sal- 


isbury, Mass.,  February,  1807,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1839.  He 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  John  Wayland,  D.D., 
at  the  time  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Salem,  Mass.  Dr.  Flanders  was  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Danvers,  Mass.,  for  almost 
ten  years,  and  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Con- 
cord, N.  II.,  for  sixteen  years.  In  both  these  places 
his  labors  were  eminently  successful.  Waning 
health  and  strength,  after  so  many  years  of  almost 
uninterrupted  ministerial  and  jiastoral  lalior,  warned 
him  to  resign  the  pastorate  of  so  largo  a  church, 
and  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed  in  spheres 
of  duty  more  limited  and  making  less  demand 
on  his  powers.  The  churches  of  Kennebunkport, 
Me.,  and  of  Westborough  and  Beverly  Farms, 
Mass.,  were  blessed  with  the  ripe  fruits  of  his 
Christian  experience  and  knowledge,  and  held  him 
in  high  esteem  for  the  many  excellent  qualities 
which  endeared  him  to  them.  Brown  University 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
in  1859.  From  1854  to  his  death  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  trustees.  He  died  in  Beverly, 
Mass.,  Aug.  2,  1875. 

Fleet,  Col.  Alexander,  the  son  of  Capt.  Wm. 
Fleet,  was  born  on  the  26th  of  April,  1798,  at 
Rural  Felicity,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.  He  re- 
ceived instruction  from  Rev.  R.  B.  Semple,  D.D., 
and  was  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College. 
In  1831  he  joined  the  Bruington  church,  of  which 
he  remained  a  member  during  his  long  life,  and 
which  he  served  as  deacon  more  than  forty  years. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  its  Sunday-school, 
and  devoted  his  whole  life  to  its  prosperity,  ns 
well  as  organizing  and  a.ssisting  other  schools. 
He  was  an  active  laborer  in  Associations,  fre- 
quently presiding  as  moderator;  was  also  inter- 
ested in  secular  education,  and  after  the  close  of 
the  war  taught  a  small  white  school  at  his  own 
hou.se,  and  subsequently  a  colored  free  school. 
He  published  no  literary  works,  but  many  a 
troubled  heart  was  made  glad  l)y  the  reception 
of  letters  of  condolence  and  Christian  sympathy 
from  him.  Col.  Fleet  did  good  service  also  as 
magistrate  and  as  representative  in  the  Legisla- 
ture of  his  State.  He  was  twice  married,  first  to 
Mrs.  Hoomes  and  then  to  Mrs.  Martha  A.  Butler. 
His  widow  and  four  children  are  still  living.  This 
excellent  man  died  on  the  27th  of  •'September,  1877. 

Fleischmann,  Rev.  Conrad  Anton.— The  name 

of  this  inilefatigalde  and  successful  minister  will 
ever  remain  dear  to  German  Baptists  in  America, 
as  he  was  the  first  Gerrnan  Baptist  missionary  in 
this  country,  and  in  some  sense  the  founder  of  our 
German  Baptist  communities. 

Mr.  Fleischmann  was  born  in  Nuremberg,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Bavaria,  April  18,  1812.  He  was  early 
instructed  in   the  tenets  of  the   Lutheran   creed, 


FLEISCHMANN 


399 


FLETCHER 


deeming  himself  to  be  a  good  Christian  when  as 
yet  lie  know  nothing  concerning  regeneration. 
Having  learned  a  trade,  he  left  his  native  city  in 
his  nineteenth  year  to  travel  as  a  journeyman,  ac- 


REV.  CONRAD    AXTOX    FI.EISCIIM ANN. 

cording  to  the  custom  then  prevalent  among  me- 
chanics. Reaching  Geneva,  Switzerland,  he  came 
under  the  influence  of  earnest  Christians,  and  soon 
found  peace  in  helieving.  This  was  in  1831.  He 
was  subsequently  baptized  in  Basle,  Switzerland. 
After  a  severe  inward  struggle,  Mr.  Fleisohmann 
yii^ded  to  the  divine  call  and  entered  a  theological 
school  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  then  under  the  au- 
spices of  the  Free  Evangelical  Church,  an  independ- 
ent body  to  which  Mr.  Fleischmann  at  that  time 
belonged.  Three  years  later  Mr.  Fleisohmann  en- 
tered upon  his  labors  in  Eminenthal,  canton  of 
Berne.  He  labored  amidst  severe  persecution,  but 
with  abundiint  blessing. 

In  1837,  Mr.  Fleisohmann  revisited  his  native 
land,  and  in  the  following  year,  at  the  invitation 
of  the  well-known  George  Mueller,  be  came  to 
Bristol,  England,  as  his  return  to  Switzerland  had 
been  providentially  hindered.  After  remaining  for 
some  time  under  the  hospitable  roof  of  Mr.  Muel- 
ler, in  1839  he  left  Bristol  for  the  New  AVorld  for 
the  purpose  of  preaching  the  gospel  to  his  country- 
men in  America,  whose  spiritual  destitution  touched 
his  heart.  He  labored  at  first  in  New  York,  after- 
wards in  Newark,  N.  .1.,  where  the  first  German 
converts  were  tiaptizcd  by  hiui.  From  Newark  he 
removed  to  Reading,  Pa.  Then  he  preached  in 
Lycoming  Co.,  Pa.,  where   his   labors  were  abun- 


dantly blessed.  The  spirit  of  God  moved  the  whole 
region  and  many  were  converted  and  baptized. 

In  1842,  Mr.  Floischmann  removed  to  IMiiladel- 
phia,  where  a  churob  was  soon  formed,  which  en- 
tered into  fellowship  with  the  Philadeljibia  Asso- 
ciation in  1S4S.  Although  Mr.  Fleisohmann  labored 
principally  as  pastor  of  this  church,  yet  he  contin- 
ually made  c.tteusive  missionary  tours  into  different 
States.  In  18.32  the  first  Ccjnference  of  German 
Baptists  was  held,  and  Mr.  Fleisohmann  was  ap- 
pointed editor  of  the  monthly  paper.  When  in 
1865  it  became  a  weekly  paper,  he  became  asso- 
ciate editor.  He  presided  at  the  first  meeting  of 
the  General  Conference  in  1865.  He  was  inti- 
mately identified  with  all  the  interests  of  the  Ger- 
man cause  in  this  land,  and  his  efforts  and  advice 
seemed  indispensable.  When  he  was  suddenly 
removed  by  death,  Oct.  15,  1867,  his  departure 
spread  intense  gloom  over  the  churches.  All  felt 
that  a  pillar  in  the  denomination  had  been  removed. 

Mr.  Fleisehinann  was  a  man  of  talent;  he  was 
winning,  affectionate,  and  eloquent  in  hisdisoourses, 
and  indefatigable  in  his  labors:  just  such  a  man  as 
was  needed  to  lay  foundations  for  the  German  Bap- 
tist chui'obes  of  America.  His  memory  will  ever 
remain  precious  to  them,  and  to  large  numbers  of 
American  Baptists  who  appreciated  his  worth  and 
honored  him  fir  his  work. 

Fletcher,  Hon.  Asaph,  was  born  at  Westford, 
Mass.,  .June  28,  174t).  He  was  the  subject  of  very 
marked  religious  impressions  when  he  was  but  ten 
years  of  age,  and  became  a  hopeful  Christian  when 
he  was  sixteen.  His  parents  were  Congregation- 
alists,  and  he  was  sprinkled  in  his  infancy.  AVhen 
he  was  old  enough  to  make  personal  investigation 
of  the  subject,  he  adopted  the  sentiments  of  the 
Baptists,  and  was  immersed  at  Leicester,  Mass., 
May  15,  1768,  being  then  not  far  from  twenty-two 
years  of  age.  For  more  than  seventy  years  he  was 
an  active  and  intelligent  member  of  churches  in 
the  towns  where  he  bad  his  residence.  His  fellow- 
citizens  elected  him  to  many  positions  of  honor  and 
trust.  While  living  in  his  native  place  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  convention  which  formed 
the  constitution  of  Massachusetts  in  1780.  He 
used  his  utmost  endeavor  while  thus  acting  to  in- 
troduce into  that  instrument  the  Baptist  principle 
that  public  worship  ought  to  lie  sustained  by  vol- 
untary contribution  and  not  liy  taxation.  Al- 
though he  did  not  succeed  in  effecting  bis  object, 
he  tried  to  see  it  brought  about  at  a  subsequent 
period.  In  the  month  of  February,  1787,  Dr. 
Fletcher  removed  to  Cavendish,  Vt.,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
Here,  also,  he  l)0came  a  man  of  note.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  convention  which  applied 
to  Congress  for  ailmission  into  the  Union.  Shortly 
after  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which  re- 


FLETCHER 


4()0 


FLIPPO 


vised  the  constitution  of  the  State.  Here,  as  in  the 
Massachusetts  convention,  he  ably  vindicated  his 
Baptist  sentiments  on  religious  liberty.  The  citi- 
zens of  Cavendish  frequently  elected  him  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature.  For  several  years  he  was 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  County  Court  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  governor's  council.  lie  was  also  one  of 
the  Presidential  electors  when  -James  Monroe  was 
chosen  President  of  the  United  States.  He  held 
also  many  other  civil  offices,  his  election  to  which 
indicated  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  his 
fellow-citizens.  lie  died  at  the  advanced  age  of 
ninety-two  years,  Jan.  5,  18.^9.  Among  the  Bap- 
tists of  his  adopted  State  he  held  a  high  position, 
as  one  who  was  thoroughly  loyal  to  his  denom- 
ination. 

Fletcher,  Horace,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  Hon. 
Asaph  Fletcher,  and  a  brother  of  the  late  Judge 
Richard  Fletcher,  of  Boston.  He  was  born  in 
Cavendish,  Vt.,  Oct.  28,  1796.  In  1813  he  became 
a  member  of  Vermont  University  at  Burlington, 
and  remained  there  until  the  college  buildings  were 
surrendered  to  the  army.  He  entered  Dartmouth 
College  in  the  spring  of  181.5,  joining  the  Sopho- 
more class,  and  graduated  in  1817.  For  a  time  he 
was  principal  of  the  Franklin  County  Academy  at 
New  Salem,  N.  II.,  and  then  commenced  the  study 
of  law  at  Westminster,  Vt.  Being  admitted  to  the 
bar,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
his  native  place,  and  continued  in  it  for  fifteen 
years.  During  this  period  he  became  a  hopeful 
Christian,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Cavendish.  He  now  felt  it 
to  be  his  duty  to  preach,  and  giving  what  attention 
he  could  to  the  study  of  theology,  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Townshend,  Vt., 
where  he  remained  until  his  death.  His  work  as  a 
minister  was  greatly  blessed,  and  precious  revivals 
were  experienced  during  his  long  pastorate.  He 
■was  a  public-spirited  citizen  as  well  as  a  good  min- 
ister of  Jesus  Christ.  For  some  time  he  was  a  sen- 
ator in  the  Legislature  of  Vermont.  The  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Madison  University  in  1800.  Dr.  Fletcher 
died  Nov.  27,  1871. 

Fletcher,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  July  9,  1832 : 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  Inglis  in  February,  18.51  ; 
was  or.dained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Ce- 
resco,  Mich.,  March,  1859.  Subsequently  he  served 
the  churches  in  Sturgis  and  Edwardsburg ;  was 
chaplain  of  the  9th  Regiment  of  Michigan  Volun- 
teer Cavalry  one  year,  ending  with  August,  1865; 
accompanied  his  regiment  in  Sherman's  marches 
of  that  winter.  Soon  after  leaving  the  army  he 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Plainwell,  and  re- 
mains yet  in  that  relation.  In  1876  he  had  leave 
of  absence  for  a  few  months,  and  meanwhile  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  of  the  E  Street  church  in  Wash- 


ington, D.  C.  That  church  called  him  to  its  pas- 
torate, and  he  was  inclined  to  accept  the  call.  But 
the  unanimous  and  earnest  wish  of  the  church  in 
Plainwell,  and  a  written  petition  signed  by  a  large 
proportion  of  the  citizens,  and  the  action  of  a  public 
meeting  called  to  remonstrate  against  his  leaving, 
changed  his  plans. 

Mr.  Fletcher,  during  the  fifteen  years  of  his  pas- 
torate in  Plainwell,  has  performed  an  almost  in- 
credible amount  of  pastoral  work,  constantly  main- 
taining several  preaching  stations  besides  filling 
his  own  pulpit.  He  is  the  only  pastor  the  church 
has  had,  and  he  has  seen  it  grow  to  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  State.  He  is  a  true  bishop  after  the 
apostolic  model. 

Fletcher,  Joshua,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Kings- 
bury, Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  27,  1804; 
graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1829;  was  ordained  at 
Saratoga  Springs  the  same  year,  where  he  con- 
tinued pastor  for  nineteen  years ;  has  liecn  pastor 
in  Amenia  and  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,  in  Southington, 
Conn.,  and  he  is  now  pastor  of  Wallingford,  Vt. 
In  1866  Madison  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Fletcher,  Judge  Richard,  was  born  in  Caven- 
dish, Vt..  Jan.  8,  1788.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
entered  Dartmouth  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
1806.  lie  studied  law  with  Daniel  Webster,  and  in 
1809  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Salisbury,  N.  IL,  but 
like  his  celebrated  teacher,  he  aspired  after  a  wider 
sphere  within  which  to  exercise  his  vocation,  and 
concluded  to  remove  to  Boston  and  try  his  fortunes 
there.  Like  so  many  others  of  his  profession,  he 
entered  the  arena  of  politics.  He  represented  a 
section  of  his  adopted  home  in  the  State  Legisla- 
ture. Then  was  chosen  a  representative  to  Con- 
gress. For  many  years  he  was  a  judge  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Suiireme  Court,  and  is  best  known  in 
that  State  as  "Judge''  Fletcher.  But  his  highest 
glory  was  that  he  was  an  earnest  disciple  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
member  of  what  was  the  Rowe  Street  church,  and 
enjoyed  the  confidence  and  affection  of  his  pastor, 
Rev.  Dr.  Stow. 

After  his  decease,  which  occurred  June  21,  1869, 
it  was  found  that  he  had  remembered  with  great 
generosity  the  college  where  he  received  his  early 
education,  having  bequeathed  to  it  the  munificent 
sum  of  SlOO.OOO. 

Flippo,  Rev.  Oscar  Farish,  was  bom  at  Leb- 
anon, Lancaster  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  1,  1836,  and  educated 
at  Kilmarnock  Academy.  He  was  licen-iied  to 
preach  in  1857,  and  was  ordained  in  Salisbury, 
Md.,  in  1858,  where  he  served  as  pastor  nearly  two 
years.  From  1861  to  1868  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Newtown,  Pitt's  Creek,  Rehoboth,  and  Chincotcague 
churches,  and  during  that  time  b.aptized  about  200 


FLOOD 


401 


FLORIDA 


persons.  From  March,  180S,  to  September,  1S70,  lie 
was  pastor  of  tlie  church  in  Dover,  Del.  During;  the 
following  four  years  he  served  a-s  general  evangelist 
for  the  whole  State  of  Delaware,  and  was  reniark- 
ahly  successful  in  the  work.  The  Wyon»ing  Insti- 
tute, at  AVvQiiiing,  Del.,  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  Baptists  mainly  through  his  instrumentality. 
Mr.  Flippo  hail  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  entire  Zion 
Methodist  church,  near  Harrington,  Del.,  change 
their  views  and  adopt  the  principles  of  the  Baptists, 
and  he  baptized  every  memljer  of  the  church,  includ- 
ing the  pastor.  During  his  pastorate  in  Dover  he 
was  elected  chaplain  of  the  Legislature  of  Delaware, 
in  the  winter  of  IcSGO.  The  failing  health  of  Mrs. 
Flippo  made  it  necessary  that  he  should  abandon  his 
work  as  an  evangelist,  in  which  he  had  accomplished 
so  much  good,  and  he  accordingly  .accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  Waverly  Ba]itist  church,  Baltimore, 
which  he  held  for  five  years.  In  1860  he  started 
the  Baptist  Visitor,  a  monthly  paper,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  edit  and  publish  for  twelve  years.  In 
1877  he  returned  to  Virginia,  and  soon  afterwards 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Suffolk,  in 
that  State.  While  in  Baltimore  he  was  elected 
moderator  of  the  Maryland  Union  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation, in  1877.  He  has  been  quite  successful  as 
a  public  lecturer,  and  several  of  his  addresses  have 
been  received  with  marked  favor. 

Flood,  Judge  Joseph,  was  bom  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.  He  removed  to  Callaway  Co.,  Mo.,  in  1846,  and 
settled  near  Fulton,  where  he  lived  for  twenty  years. 
In  1828  he  removed  to  Clay  County,  and  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  in  and  near  Kearney.  lie  united 
early  in  life  with  the  church  in  Christiansburg, 
Ky.,  and  adorned  his  profession  till  the  day  of  his 
death.  lie  was  co.inected  with  Westminster  Col- 
lege, in  I8G6,  as  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment, and  held  a  like  position  in  .Stephens  Col- 
lege, Columbia,  in  1807.  Few  men  surpassed  him 
in  zeal  for  Sunday-schools.  He  was  superintendent 
at  Richland,  in  Callaway  County,  for  years,  and  also 
deacon  in  the  church  for  a  long  time,  apd  "  used  the 
office  well.'' 

At  Kearney  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school, and  forty  in  it  were  converted  just  be- 
fore his  death.  Joseph  Flood  was  a  man  of  sterling 
worth  and  unblemished  reputation.  He  died  Nov. 
14,  1878,  sixty-five  years  of  age.  His  memory  is 
fr.agrant  wherever  he  was  known. 

Flood,  Rev.  Noah,  was  bom  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  .June  14,  I80',l.  Ho  had  marked  talent  from 
a  child.  He  resisted  his  first  religious  impressions, 
and  thought  that  God  w.as  harsh.  He  was  converted 
in  1824.  In  1828  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Christiansburg,  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  In  1829  he 
came  to  Missouri.  He  attended  Dr.  Nelson's  school 
in  Marion  Co..  Mo.  He  wa.s  licensed  in  1832  by 
Little  Union  church,  near  Palmyra,  Mo.     He  spent 


18.34  and  1835  in  Shurtleff  College,  111.  After 
this  he  taught  in  Woodford  Co.,  Ky.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1838.  In  1839  he  settled  in  Callaway 
Co.,  Mo.  He  organized  Kichland,  Grand  Prairie, 
Unity,  Union  Hill,  Mount  lloreb,  and  Dry  Fork 
churches.  In  18.'j2  he  removed  to  Fayette  County. 
For  six  years  he  preached  to  Fayette,  Walnut 
Grove,  Mount  Zion,  and  Chariton  churches.  In 
1808  he  removed  to  Iluntsville,  and  labored  there 
till  1803,  and  then  removed  to  Roanoke.  The  war 
gave  him  trouble,  but  all  parties  respected  him  and 
became  his  friends  before  his  death.  In  1865 
Brother  Flood  moved  to  Boone  County,  and  died  at 
Columbia,  Aug.  II,  1873.  The  ministry  of  Mis- 
souri greatly  honored  him.  Twice  he  was  moder- 
ator of  the  General  Association.  He  was  a  warm 
friend  of  William  Jewell  College.  Rev.  J.  F. 
Cook,  LL.D.,  his  nephew,  acknowledges  his  fatherly 
kindness  to  him.  Noah  Flood  died  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  perfect  peace.  Dr.  S.  II.  Ford,  Nathan 
Ayres,  and  his  brother.  Judge  Flood,  with  his  fam- 
ily, were  present  at  his  death. 

Florida  Baptist  College. — The  Baptists  never 
made  an  effort  to  estaljlish  a  denominational  col- 
lege, literary  or  theological,  till  very  recently. 
Some  six  or  eight  years  ago  the  Bethlehem  Baptist 
Association,  which  possesses  in  the  main  the  tal- 
ents and  numbers  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  the 
State,  commenced  to  raise  funds  to  found  a  theo- 
logical school.  They  continued  to  contribute  an- 
nually small  sums,  and  purchased  a  lot  at  Live 
Oak  for  a  site,  but  they  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
secure  buildings.  The  Home  Mission  Society  of 
New  York  have  adopted  the  enterprise,  and  will 
commence  to  build  in  the  fall  of  1S80.  This  is  the 
first  and  only  effort  made  by  the  denomination  to 
secure  a  college  in  Florida. 

Florida  Baptist  State  Convention.— The  Con- 
vention was  organized  in  1854,  in  the  parlor  of 
Rev.  R.  J.  Mays,  Madison  County.  Rev.  David  G. 
Daniel  was  the  first  secretary,  but  the  writer  is  not 
able  to  give  the  name  of  the  first  president.  Only 
a  very  meagre  account  of  the  Convention  can  be 
furnished. 

The  session  for  1856  was  held  at  Madison  Court- 
Iloiise,  in  November.  The  attendance  was  not 
large.  James  Edmunds,  of  Kentucky,  secretary 
of  the  Bible  Revision  Association,  Rev.  W.  N. 
Chaudoin.  agent  of  the  "Bible  Board"  of  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  and  Rev.  T.  J.  Bowen,  re- 
turned missionary  of  the  Southern  Convention  from 
Central  Africa,  were  visitors. 

It  is  not  known  where  the  meetings  were  held  in 
1857,  1858,  and  1859,  but  in  1860  a  session  was  held 
in  Jacksonville,  with  the  Bethel  Baptist  church,  in 
May.  Joseph  S.  Baker,  D.D.,  was  then  residing  at 
Jacksonville,  and  his  presence  added  interest  to  the 
meetinc. 


FLORIDA 


402 


FLORIDA 


Of  the  next  ten  years  no  information  can  lie 
piven  of  the  meetings,  nor  is  it  known  whether 
there  were  meetings  held  every  year. 

A  session  was  held  in  1809,  of  which  Rev.  P.  P. 
Bishop  was  elected  president,  and  he  was  re-elected 
at  Madison,  in  Novemher,  1M71,  and  Rev.  H.  B, 
McCalliim  was  chosen  secnetary.  From  the  min- 
utes of  that  year  it  appears  tliat  at  the  previous 
meeting  it  was  agreed  to  co-operate  with  the  Home 
Mission  Society  of  New  York  in  missionary  work, 
and  under  that  arrangement  F.  C.  Johnson  labored 
at  Jacksonville,  Charles  B.  Jones  at  Palatka  and 
vicinity.  W.  E.  Stanton  on  the  St.  John's  River, 
P.  P.  Bishop  as  general  missionary,  and  II.  B, 
McCallum  at  Lake  City  and  vicinity. 

The  session  was  not  largely  attended,  hut  was 
quite  interesting,  and  the  presence  of  such  men  as 
Bishop,  McCallum,  Smith,  Tomkies,  and  C.  D. 
Campholl  made  it  strong.  A  report  was  made  on 
ministerial  education,  and  >!t)3..')l)  raised  to  aid 
Brother  Perry,  who  was  in  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Greenville,  S.  C,  from  Marion  Co..  Fla. 

In  1872  the  session  was  held  at  Lake  City,  in 
Novemher.  There  was  no  report  of  missionary 
work,  but  the  presence  of  AV.  N.  Chaudoin  was 
noted,  in  the  capacity  of  district  secretary  of  Home 
Mission  Board  of  Southern  Convention,  and  the 
desirableness  of  having  a  ijencral  evantfelist  was 
discussed,  and  Elder  McCallum  was  requested  to 
commence  the  publication  of  a  Baptist  paper. 

November,  1873,  the  body  met  at  Providence 
church,  Br.adford  Co.  Warren  Randolph,  D.D., 
of  Philadelphia,  and  L.  B.  Fish,  of  Georgia,  both 
in  the  interest  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  were  present. 

Probably  a  couple  of  years  before  this  time  the 
churches  in  several  counties  on  the  line  of  Georgia 
and  Florida,  in  Georgia,  but  hitherto  identified 
with  Florida,  organized  an  Association  in  Georgia, 
and  it  allied  itself  with  the  Georgia  Convention. 
This  materially  weakened  the  Florida  Convention, 
yet  the  meeting  at  Providence  was  well  attended, 
and  was  one  of  more  than  usual  interest.  Elder 
Kinsey  Chambers  made  a  report  as  State  evanielist. 

The  ne.xt  meeting  was  held  at  Jacksonville,  in 
February,  1875,  Rev.  J.  II.  Tomkies,  President, 
and  Rev.  11.  B.  McCallum,  Secretary.  Elders 
Chaudoin,  Fish,  Gaulden,  and  Cawood  were  present 
from  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  In  February, 
1876,  the  meeting  was  held  at  Gainesville,  at  which 
time  it  was  deemed  best  to  change  the  time,  and 
they  adjourned  to  meet  in  Decemlier  of  the  same 
year  at  Madison.  In  consequence  of  excessive 
rain  the  meeting  in  December  was  almost  a  failure, 
no  business  was  transacted,  and  they  adjourned  to 
convene  at  the  call  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
which  was  to  meet  at  Tallahassee  in  January, 
1879.     That  meeting  was  followed  by  another,  at 


the  same  place,  in  January,  1880,  which  was  the 
most  important  one  held  for  several  years.  Dr. 
Graves,  of  Tennessee,  added  much  interest  to  the 
meeting  by  his  presence. 

Florida  Periodicals.— In  1860,  Rev.  N.  A. 
Bailey,  then  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Mon- 
ticello,  Fla.,  and  W.  N.  Chaudoin,  then  at  Thomas- 
ville,  Ga.,  issued  a  prospectus  of  a  Baptist  paper 
for  Florida,  but  its  publication  was  never  com- 
menced. In  1872,  the  Santa  F6  River  As.socintion 
passed  resolutions  favoring  a  new  paper,  and  their 
action  was  indorsed  by  the  Florida  Association. 
At  the  State  Convention  in  Lake  City,  in  Novem- 
ber, the  Committee  on  Publications  also  reported 
favorablv,  and  a  subscription  was  made  to  aid  the 
enterprise.  In  February  following  the  first  number 
of  the  Florida  Baptist  was  issued  at  Lake  City, 
Rev.  II.  B.  McCallum.  Editor,  with  Elders  T.  E, 
Langley  and  J.  II.  Tomkies.  Corresponding  Editors. 

The  ]iaper  was  published  till  1S7.1,  but  was  never 
remunerative.  During  that  year,  or  early  in  1876, 
it  was  discontinued,  and  the  subscription-list  and 
good-will  of  the  paper  were  transferred  to  the 
Christian  Index,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  an  arrange- 
ment made  for  a  Florida  department  in  that  paper. 
The  arrangement  has  been  very  generally  approved, 
and  the  Christian  Index  has  a  considerable  circula- 
tion. W.  N.  Chaudoin,  Jacksonville,  is  Florida 
editor. 

Florida,  Sketch  of  the  Baptists  of.— The 
Florida  .Association  wiis  the  first  organized  in  the 
State,  and  the  only  one  for  four  years  after  its 
formation.  It  has  held  its  thirty-seventh  annual 
session,  and  so  was  organized  in  1841  or  1842. 
The  territory  covered  by  its  churches  is  not  known, 
but  they  were  mostly  in  Leon,  Jefferson,  and  Madi- 
son Counties  in  Florida,  and  Thomas  Co,,  Ga, 

Alachua  was  probably  the  next,  and  was  organ- 
ized in  184.5  or  1840,  and  its  churches  were  em- 
braced in  a  territory  reaching  from  the  St,  Mary's 
River  to  Tanijia,  on  the  Gulf  coast. 

The  Santa  Fe  River  Association  was  taken  from 
the  northern  part  of  the  Alachua,  in  1854  or  1855, 
and  its  churches  were  located  in  Duval.  Clay,  Nas- 
sau, Columbia,  Bradford,  Alachua,  Levy,  and  per- 
haps other  counties. 

West  Florida  Association,  lying  west  of  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  and  occupying  all  that  part 
of  the  State,  was  doubtless  organized  as  early  as 
the  Santa  F6  River,  and  may  be  earlier,  but  the 
date  cannot  be  given. 

Ten  years  elapsed  before  the  organization  of  the 
South  Florida,  which  was  the  next,  and  covers  all 
the  southern  part  of  the  territory  of  Alachua,  viz., 
a  part  of  Hernando  and  all  of  Hillsborough  and 
Polk  Counties.     This  was  in  1866. 

Suwanee  and  New  River  Associations  were  both 
made  out  of  what  the  Santa  F6  River  included. 


FLOYD 


403 


FONT 


mainly,  in  1872.     The  year  following.  1873,  the  St. 
John's  River  was  organized. 

Since  that  time  Manatee,  \orth  St.  John'.s  River, 
Middle  Florida,  and  Harmony  Associations  have 
been  formed,  and  prior  to  these,  but  in  what 
year  is  not  known,  the  Wekiva  Association  was  or- 
ganized, and  it  includes  most  of  the  chun-lies  in 
Orange,  and  some  in  Volusia  County.  There  is 
probably  a  small  Association  in  Sumter  County, 
but  nothing  is  known  by  the  writer  of  its  condition, 
name,  or  numbers. 

We  are  not  able  to  give  the  number  of  the 
Associations  of  colored  Baptists.  Their  principal 
strength  is  in  the  First  Bethlehem,  which  has  held 
its  eleventh  anniversary.  The  Bethlehem,  No.  2, 
Jerusalem,  Nazarene,  and  East  Florida  have  all 
been  organized  since  1865.  Others  have  recently 
been  formed,  but  names  are  not  known. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  there  are  more  than  20.000 
Baptists  in  Florida,  somewhat  more  than  half  of 
whom  are  colored,  in  about  300  churches,  and  under 
the  care  of  aliout  201)  ministers. 

Floyd,  Rev.  Matthew,  was  the  son  of  Abra- 
ham Floyd,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  with  his  father, 
Col.  Matthew  Floyd,  came  to  America  during  the 
Revolutionary  war;  both  entered  the  service  of  the 
colonies.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Capt.  Floyd 
settled  in  South  Carolina,  where  his  son  Matthew 
was  born.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Madison 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  1796.  Here  he  joined  the  Methodists. 
But  soon  afterwards,  having  studied  the  subject 
of  baptism,  he  wsvs  immersed,  and  joined  the  Bap- 
tists. This  action  greatly  incensed  his  father,  who 
was  an  Episcopalian,  and  young  Floyd  was  ex- 
pelled from  his  home.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1811,  and  ordained  the  same  year.  He  was 
pastor  of  White  Oak  church  fifty-one  yeai-s.  He 
preached  much  among  the  destitute  in  his  own  and 
the  surrounding  counties,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
baptized  about  1.500  persons.  He  was  moderator 
of  South  Concord  Association  sixteen  years,  and  of 
the  South  Cumberland  twenty-one  years.  His  life 
from  the  date  of  his  ordination  until  his  death, 
Aug.  19,  18(>3,  was  spent  in  Pulaski  Co.,  Ky. 

Foley,  Rev.  Moses,  son  of  Rev.  Moses  Foley, 
an  eminently  useful  preacher,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  7,  1777.  He  professed  con- 
version about  1801,  and  began  to  exhort  before  he 
was  baptized.  His  usefulness  was  so  apparent  that 
he  was  ordained  only  a  few  months  after  liis  bap- 
tism. He  labored  about  eight  years  in  his  native 
county,  and  in  1811  removed  to  Kentucky.  He 
first  settled  in  Pulaski  County,  but  the  next  year 
took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Crab  Orchard, 
in  Lincoln  County,  where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
Under  his  ministry  this  church  grew  to  a  member- 
ship of  over  400.  He  preached  with  success  to 
several  other  churches.     lie  died  Nov.  6,  1858. 


Foljambe,  Rev.  S.  W.,  w;is  born  in  Leeds,  Eng- 
land, Oct.  14,  ls:i7.  His  early  associations  were 
with  the  Methodists,  his  grandfather  having  for 
many  years  been  a  Methodist  preacher.     He  re- 


W.   FOLJAMBE. 

ceived  a  liberal  education.  He  came  to  this  country 
in  1836,  and  for  several  years  resided  in  Franklin, 
0.  Ilis  early  preaching  was  among  the  Meth- 
odists. While  meeting  an  engagement  in  the  Wes- 
leyan  church  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  he  became  a  Bap- 
tist, and  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  Branch 
Street  church  in  that  city,  remaining  there  until 
he  removed  to  a  village  some  fifteen  miles  north  of 
Pittsburgh.  His  ntxt  settlement  was  with  the  Grant 
Street  church  in  Pittsburgh.  From  it  he  went  to 
Diiyton,  0.,  where  he  remained  six  years,  then  to 
Framingham  and  East  Boston,  Mass.  From  E.ist 
Boston  he  accepted  a  call  to  Albany,  where  he 
remained  but  a  short  time,  and  then  became  pastor 
of  the  Harvard  Street  church  in  Boston,  from 
which  place  ho  removed  to  Maiden,  Mass..  whore 
he  now  resides.  Mr.  Foljambe  is  an  able  preacher, 
whom  the  Saviour  has  honored  and  blessed. 

Font,  the  name  universally  given  to  the  vessel 
containing  the  water  used  in  baptism  in  Episcopal 
and  Catholic  churches.  It  is  the  Latin  funs,  a 
spring,  a  fountain.  It  was  employed  first  in  early 
Christian  times,  when  a  well  or  spring  was  the 
common  place  for  baptizing.  Sometimes  in  primi- 
tive ages  the  baptistery  was  a  bathing  vessel,  and 
the  pool  was  called  lavacrttm.  a  bath.  Baptism  was 
administered  in  rivers  and  in  the  sea :  but  the 
bathing  vessel  and  the  spring  were  more  accessible. 


FOXTAIXE 


404 


FOHD 


And,  as  tlie  spring  could  be  found  almost  every- 
where, in  process  of  time  its  nixnxe,  funs,  became 
the  name  of  anything  in  which  a  person  received 
baptism,  whether  it  ^va^^  the  sea,  a  river,  a  tub,  a 
spring,  or  a  church  basin.  It  is  somewhat  of  a 
misnomer  to  call  the  small  sprinkling  vessel  of  a 
Pedobaptist  church  a  font,  a  sprint);  but  we  ad- 
mire the  name;  there  is  strong  testimony  in  it 
about  the  primitive  mode  of  baptism. 

Fontaine,  Rev.  P.  H.,  was  bom  in  King  Wil- 
liam Co.,  Va.,  .Sept.  7,  1841  ;  was  educated  at  Uuni- 
ford  Military  Academy  and  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia; was  baptized  in  1854;  ordained  in  1863; 
moved  to  North  Carolina  in  1865,  and  he  is  now 
pastor  of  Reidsville  and  Leaksville  churches.  A 
descendant,  on  the  part  of  father  and  mother,  of 
Patrick  Henry,  iilhr  whom  he  is  namcil. 

Fontaine,  Rev.  Wm.  Spotswood,  was  born  in 

Hanover  Co.,  Va.,  in  1811  ;  studied  medicine  for 
two  years,  and  afterwards  obtained  license  to  prac- 
tise law  ;  nmrried  his  cousin,  Miss  L.  L.  Aylett,  a 
granddaughter  of  Patrick  Henry,  he  himself  being 
a  descendant  of  the  Virginia  orator  ;  joined  the 
Methodist  Church  at  the  age  of  thirteen  ;  was  bap- 
tized in  1842  by  Kev.  J.  P.  Turpin  ;  was  ordained 
in  1844.  R.  H.  Bagby,  J.  P.  Turpin,  and  a  Mr. 
Bland  forming  the  Presbytery.  He  was  a  country 
gentleman  of  very  handsome  estate,  his  residence 
costing  l?15,000,  and  his  barn  S.5000.  Ilis  library 
consisted  of  5U(J0  volumes.  Ruined  by  the  war 
financially,  he  came  to  Greensborough,  N.  C,  in 
1863,  but  returned  to  Virginia  in  1866  to  become 
president  of  Atlantic  Female  College;  came  back 
to  North  Carolina  in  1867  ;  went  to  Texas  in  1S72; 
returned  after  four  years,  and  now  resides  in  Reids- 
ville, engaged  in  preaching  and  planting. 

Foote,  Rev.  Elias  J.,  was  bom  June  22,  1824, 
in  Olean,  N.  Y. ;  graduated  from  Union  College  in 
1849 ;  studied  law ;  was  seven  years  in  California 
and  Central  America ;  graduated  from  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  in  1860;  was  ordained  in  St. 
Louis  in  1861.  He  afterwards  labored  in  prisons 
and  hospitals.  After  short  settlements  in  Syracuse 
and  Penfield,  N.  Y.,  he  came  to  the  church  at  Red 
Bank,  N.  J.,  in  1871.  Upon  the  death  of  Rev.  D. 
B.  Stout,  in  1875,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  old  church  in  Middletown,  and  now  feeds  that 
flock. 

Forbes,  Rev.  W.  A.,  pastor  of  the  Eighth  Street 
Baptist  church.  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  was  born  in 
Mississippi  in  1844,  but,  deprived  of  his  parents  at 
an  early  age,  he  wa.s  reared  by  a  maternal  uncle  at 
Lewisville,  Ark.  He  served  in  the  Confederate 
army  as  a  private,  after  which  he  was  emphiyed  in 
Tennessee,  where  he  was  converted  and  began  to 
preach.  lie  then  entered  Bethel  College,  Ky., 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1871,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Arkanstis  and  became  pastor  at  Wash- 


ington, and  subsequently  at  Arkadelphia,  where  he 
continued,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  in  Ken- 
tucky, until  1878,  when  he  was  called  to  his  pres- 
ent pastorate.  For  some  years  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  State  Mission  Board,  and  is  an 
active  promoter  of  missions  and  ministerial  educa- 
tion. 

Force,  William  Q.,  was  born  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  March  7,  1820.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
Columljian  College  in  1839,  and  received  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  in  1842.  On  the  23d  of  June, 
1839,  he  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  0.  B.  Brown 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Washington,  of  which  he  is  still  a  most  useful 
member.  For  many  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  and 
also  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  as  well 
as  treasui-er  and  deacon  of  the  church.  Mr.  Force 
has  always  been  a  warn\  friend  of  the  Columbian 
College,  served  as  a  trustee  from  1851  to  1862,  and 
was  for  several  years  its  secretary  and  treasurer, 
lie  is  a  great  lover  of  books,  and  one  of  the  best- 
read  laymen  in  the  denomination.  lie  edited  and 
published  The  Army  and  Xavij  Chronirle  and  Sci- 
entific Repository  from  January,  1843,  to  July, 
1845;  compiled  and  published  "The  Builders' 
Guide,"  and  also  two  editions  of  "The  Picture  of 
Washington."  From  1845  to  1857  he  aided  his 
father,  the  Hon.  Peter  Force,  so  long  and  well 
known  in  Washington,  in  the  preparation  of  that 
valuable  work,  '"  The  American  Archives."  From 
1857  to  1868  he  had  charge  of  meteorology  at  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  which  position,  however, 
he  was  obliged  to  resign  in  l!^68  in  consequence  of 
failing  health.  Mr.  Force  has  a  valuable  library 
in  which  he  spends  much  of  his  time,  is  a  laborious 
student,  and  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  news- 
papers, principally  on  religious  subjects.  Ills 
knowledge  is  v.aried,  and  at  the  same  time  accurate, 
and  his  articles  are  prepared  with  much  care  and 
alw.nys  read  with  profit.  Few  men  are  aa  familiar 
with  church  history,  Biblical  interpretation,  and 
the  literature  of  the  baptism  question  as  Wni.  Q. 
Force. 

Ford,  Rev.  Samuel  Howard,  LL.D.,  son  of 
Rev.  Thom.is  H.  Ford,  was  licensed  in  1840,  passed 
through  the  classes  in  the  State  University  of  Mis- 
souri, and  was  ordained  in  1843,  at  Bonne  Femme 
cliurch,  in  Boone  Co.,  Mo.  He  became  pastor  at 
Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  and  in  two  years  after  of  the 
North  church  in  St.  Louis  for  two  years ;  also  at 
Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.,  and  the  East  Baptist  church, 
Louisville,  Ky.  In  1853  he  w.is  associated  with 
Dr.  John  L.  Waller  in  the  editorship  of  the  West- 
ern Recorder  and  Christian  Reposilory.  Of  the 
latter  he  is  still  the  editor.  His  talented  wife  has 
written  "Grace  Truman,"  "The  Dreamer's  Blind 
Daughter,"  and  other  works  of  great  value.  At 
the   breaking  out  of  the   war,   Dr,   Ford  went  to 


FORD 


405 


FOKGEUS 


Memphis,  where  he  preached  for  some  time.  For 
two  years  he  was  in  Mobile  as  pastor  of  the  St. 
Francis  Street  church.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
accepted    the    pastorate  of    the    Central   Baptist 


REV.   SAMUEL    HOiVARD    FORD,    LL.D. 

church  of  Memphis,  where  he  preached  for  seven 
years,  till  ill  health  caused  him  to  resign.  While 
in  this  church  he  was  instrumental  in  building  a 
capacious  and  splendid  house  of  worship,  upon 
which  §75,01)0  were  expended  during  his  pastorate, 
and  in  increasing  the  membership  from  To  to  4.50. 
Dr.  Ford  has  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
He  preaches  without  manuscript,  is  earnest  and 
eloquent,  and  many  hundreds  have  been  converted 
under  his  ministry,  lie  is  a  firm  Baptist,  and  he 
has  had  discussions  with  Alexander  Campbell, 
Bishop  Spaulding,  of  the  Catholic  Church,  and  Dr. 
N.  L.  Rice.  Dr.  Ford  is  a  Hebrew  and  Syriac 
scholar;  he  is  well  read  in  general  literature,  and 
is  specially  familiar  with  the  Romish  controversy. 
In  his  theology  he  is  a  Calvinist.  In  the  past 
twenty-seven  years  he  has  written  upon  almost 
every  subject  bearing  on  the  religious  issues  of  the 
times.  He  is  now  sixty  years  of  age,  and  is  as 
active,  energetic,  and  laborious  as  ever.  Baptists 
in  all  parts  of  our  country  and  the  British  prov- 
inces, and  in  the  British  islands,  wish  length  of 
years  to  the  learned  editor  of  the  Repository,  and 
to  his  cultured  and  talented  wife. 

Ford,  Rev.  Thomas  Howard,  was  born  about 
1790,  near  Bristol,  England.  His  ancestors  were 
members  of  the  famous  Broadmcad  Baptist  church 
of  that  city.     He  began  to  preach  when  eighteen 


years  of  age.  He  studied  the  ancient  languages 
under  Dr.  Burnett,  and  was  versed  in  Puritan  the- 
ology. He  often  heard  the  celebrated  Episcopalian 
Toplady  preach,  the  author  of  "  Rock  of  Ages, 
shelter  me.''  His  name  appears  in  Illinois  and 
Missouri  minutes  in  the  early  history  of  these 
States.  He  supplied  the  Second  church  of  St. 
Louis  for  a  time,  and  was  the  guest  of  Samuel  0. 
Davis.  In  lx44he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Columbia,  Mo.  The  learning,  piety,  and  pulpit 
power  of  Mr.  Ford  drew  large  congregations,  AVil- 
liam  Jewell  and  Dr.  Thomas  attending  his  ministrj". 
The  church  in  Callaway  County  gave  him  a  fiirm. 
and  soon  after  he  died  in  their  midst  in  peace. 
Says  Noah  Flood,  "  I  knew  him  well,  and  1  have 
never  been  acquainted  with  a  better  man."  Ilis 
last  words  were,  "  Happy,  happy,  bless  the  Lord." 
He  was  about  sixty  years  of  age  when  he  died. 
lie  left  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  One  son  is 
Rev.  S.  II.  Ford,  LL.D.,  of  St.  Louis.  The  brethren 
at  Richland  erected  a  monument  at  his  grave,  where 
he  rests  with  his  co-laborer.  Noah  Flood. 

Ford's  Christian  Repository.— This  popular 
magazine  was  established  in  18.52  by  John  L.  Wal- 
ler, LL.D.,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  About  that  time 
Dr.  S.  H.  Ford  became  assistant,  and  soon  sole 
proprietor,  and  it  speedily  increased  from  .500  sul)- 
scribers  to  6000.  In  18.5-5.  Dr.  Ford  married  Miss 
Sallie  Rochester,  a  lady  of  education  and  talent. 
She  at  once  took  a  position  as  co-editor,  and  wrote 
the  attractive  and  useful  story  of  "  Grace  Truman.'' 
The  war  stopped  the  Reposilovy  for  a  time.  It  was 
re-issued  in  St.  Louis  in  1871,  where  it  is  now  suc- 
cessfully established,  and  wields  a  powerful  and  an 
extensive  influence^  Its  cxegetical  articles,  popu- 
lar sermons,  and  family  department  make  it  in- 
valuable. It  is  distinguished  for  its  biographical 
sketches.  It  is  the  chief  source  of  such  history  in 
our  denomination,  and  its  absence  would  be  a 
serious  loss.  Thousands  of  ministers  commend  it, 
and  are  aided  by  it. 

Forg^eus,  Rev.  S.  F.,  was  born  in  South  Cov- 
entry. Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  Aug.  19,  1844.  He  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Vincent  church, 
Jan.  15,  1860;  was  licensed  to  preach  Jan.  21, 
1871  ;  served  in  the  war  in  three  different  regi- 
ments ;  prepared  for  college  at  Conoquenessing 
Academy,  Zelienople,  Bntlor  Co..  Pa.,  and  the  Uni- 
versity Academy,  Lewisburg  ;  spent  one  year  and 
one  term  at  Cornell  University.  N.  Y.,  and  grad- 
uated at  Lewisburg,  Pa..  June  26,  1872,  and  fron\ 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  May  12.  1875;  was 
ordained  in  .\ugust,  1875.  as  pastor  of  the  Tunk- 
hannock  church  :  became  pastor  of  Clark's.  Green, 
and  Mount  Bethel  churches  in  October,  1878  ;  re- 
signed the  latter  charges  in  June,  1879:  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Roaring  Brook  church,  in  Lacka- 
wanna County,  in  April,  1880. 


FORTISER 


406 


FOSTER 


Mr.  Forgeus  was  clerk  of  the  Wyoming  Associa- 
tion for  two  years  :  iind  he  has  been  secretary  of 
the  Northeastern  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Ministerial 
Conference  for  five  years.  He  is  a  popular  minister, 
of  large  devotedness  to  the  Master,  whose  past  use- 
fulness gives  great  promise  for  the  future. 

FortLner,  £.  E.,  was  bom  in  Iladdonfield, 
N.  J.,  Aug.  12,  1820;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  N.  B. 
Tindall,  Jan.  1,  1839,  and  received  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  First  church  of  Camden.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  was  elected  to  the  superintendency  of 
the  Sunday-school,  a  position  he  has  held  with  oc- 
casional interruption  for  nearly  forty  years,  either 
in  connection  with  the  First  or  Tabernacle  church, 
and  he  is  now  the  superintendent  of  the  school  of 
the  Fourth  Street  church,  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  First  and  Tabernacle  churches.  AVjout  1847 
he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  deacon  of  the  First 
church  of  Camden.  He  was  a  constituent  member 
and  deacon  of  the  Tabernacle  church,  and  he  is 
now  a  deacon  of  the  Fourth  Street  church.  Con- 
sistent in  conduct,  untiring  in  work,  generous  in 
giving,  he  has  led  a  life  of  great  usefulness. 

Foskett,  Rev.  Bernard,  was  bom  March  10, 
1684-85,  near  Woljuni,  England,  of  a  fsxmily  of 
wealth  and  high  repute.  lie  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  w.ts  trained  for  the  medical  profes- 
sion. He  became  a  member  of  the  church  in  Lit- 
tle Wild  Street,  London,  when  he  was  seventeen, 
and  formed  an  intimate  friendship  in  his  youth 
with  John  Beddome,  who  was  then  a  member  of 
Benjamin  Reach's  church.  After  Mr.  Beddome 
was  called  to  the  ministry  and  settled  at  Henley 
Arden,  in  Warwickshire,  Mr.  Foskett  atiandoned 
his  profession  in  London  and  joined  his  friend, 
assisting  him  in  his  ministry  at  Henley,  Benge- 
worth,  Alcester,  and  other  places  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. He  had  been  regularly  called  to  the  minis- 
try whilst  practising  as  a  physician,  but  did  not  de- 
vote himself  entirely  to  ministerial  work  until  1711. 
In  1719  he  received  an  invitation  to  become  assist- 
ant minister  of  the  Broadniead  church,  Bristol,  and 
tutor  of  the  academy  for  young  ministers.  He  en- 
tered upon  his  duties  there  in  1720,  and  for  thirty- 
eight  years  labored  as  pastor  and  tutor  with  distin- 
guished ability  and  success  until  his  ileuth,  Sept. 
17,  1758,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age. 
Under  his  wise  conduct  the  college  at  Bristol 
gained  the  esteem  of  the  churches,  and  became 
"  the  school  of  the  prophets"  to  which  they  looked 
with  confidence  for  a  supply  of  competent  pastors 
and  teachers.  Some  sixty-four  students  were  trained 
under  Mr.  Foskett  and  his  colleagues.  Among 
these  were  several  of  the  most  eminent  Baptist 
ministers  of  the  eighteenth  centurj',  including 
such  men  as  John  Ryland,  Dr.  John  Ash,  Dr. 
Llewellyn  (esteemed  the  first  scholar  among  the 
Protestant  Dissenters  of  his  day),  Benjamin  Bed- 


dome,  Robert  Day,  Benjamin  Francis,  besides 
Hugh  Evans  and  Dr.  Caleb  Evans,  his  successors 
in  the  presidency.  Mr.  Foskett's  enlightened 
piety,  generous  disposition,  and  high  character 
made  the  denomination  influential  in  Bristol  and 
the  neighborhood. 

Foster,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Danvcrs, 
Mass.,  .June  12,  1750.  He  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1774.  He  was  appointed  to  defend  the 
Pedobaptist  view  of  the  baptismal  controversy  in 
one  of  the  college  exercises.  The  result  of  his 
preparation  astonished  himself  and  others  ;  he  be- 
came a  decided  Baptist.  He  united  with  Dr.  Still- 
man's  church  in  Boston  shortly  after  his  gradua- 
tion. In  October,  177G,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Leicester,  Mass.  On  the  5th 
of  June,  1785,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Newport,  R.  I.  In  the  autumn  of 
1788  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
New  York,  which  position  he  retained  as  lung  as 
he  lived.  In  1792  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Rhode  Island  College  {Brown 
University).  When  the  yellow  fever  visited  New 
York  he  fearlessly  kept  his  ground,  and  visited  its 
victims  until  the  disease  sent  him  to  the  grave. 
He  died  Aug.  2G,  1798. 

Dr.  Foster  was  distinguished  for  his  knowledge 
of  the  Greek,  Hebrew,  and  Chaldean  languages. 
He  was  an  able  preacher,  and  the  Lord  blessed  his 
ministry  to  many. 

Foster,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
Halifax,  Y'orkshire,  England,  Sept.  17,  1770.  His 
parents  were  persons  of  deep  piety  and  of  strong 
mental  powers.  His  father  had  a  considerable  li- 
brary of  Puritan  theology,  with  which  he  was  per- 
fectly familiar.  He  occasionally  conducted  public 
worship  in  his  church  in  the  absence  of  the  pastor. 
In  boyhood  he  was  retiring,  and  shunned  society. 
He  was  ex()uisitely  fond  of  nature;  a  bird,  a  tree, 
a  flower,  beautiful  scenery,  tilled  him  frequently 
with  delight.  He  had,  even  in  boyhood,  his  favoi'- 
ite  authors,  whose  works  fed  his  mind  and  charmed 
his  heart.  He  early  cherished  a  special  admiration 
for  the  majestic,  the  rugged,  the  sublime.  At  four- 
teen he  first  felt  the  need  of  a  new  heart,  and  at 
seventeen  he  had  a  good  hope  through  the  great 
Saviour,  and  was  immersed  by  Dr.  Fawcett,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Wainsgate  Baptist  church. 

After  his  union  with  the  church  he  soon  began 
to  exercise  his  gifts,  and  he  felt  convinced  that  God 
had  called  him  to  preach  the  gospel.  To  fit  him- 
.self  for  this  glorious  work  he  attended  the  school 
of  his  pastor.  Dr.  Fawcett,  at  Brearly  Hall,  where 
he  devoted  his  attention  to  classics  and  to  such 
studies  as  would  qualify  him  for  his  future  profes- 
sion. He  made  a  free  use  of  the  valuable  library 
at  Brearly  Ilall,  and  sometimes  spent  whole  nights 
in  reading  and  meditation.     From   Dr.  Fawcett's 


FOSTER 


407 


FOSTER 


school  he  became  a  student  in  the  Bristol  Baptist 
College.  From  it  he  went  forth  to  labor  in  the 
ministry  in  Newcastle,  and  subsequently  in  Dub- 
lin, in  Chichester,  in  Dowend  near  Bristol,  and  in 


REV.    JOHN    FOSTER. 

Frome.  His  success  in  the  ministry  was  not  re- 
markable, and  a  serious  disease  in  the  throat,  which 
was  (;reatly  agirravated  by  much  speaking,  publicly 
or  privately,  compelled  him  partially  to  relinquish 
a  calling  which  he  loved. 

While  he  was  a  pastor  he  published  his  first 
Kss.iys.  There  were  four  of  them, — on  "  \  Man's 
writing  Memoirs  of  Himself,"  on  "  Decision  of 
Character,"  on  "The  Application  of  the  Epithet 
Romantic,"  and  on  "  Some  of  the  Causes  by  which 
Evangelical  Religion  has  been  rendered  Less  Ac- 
ceptable to  Persons  of  Cultivated  Taste."  In  a 
little  over  a  year  the  work  passed  through  three 
editions,  and  the  eigliteenth  English  edition  was  pub- 
lished in  1845,  and  how  many  others  since  then  we 
cannot  tell.  Immediately  almost  after  the  issue 
of  these  Essays  the  obscure  Baptist  pastor  of 
Frome  found  himself, ranked  among  the  first  liter- 
ary men  of  his  country,  and  he  has  retained  that 
position  ever  since.  No  man  of  culture  and  means 
reckons  his  library  complete  without  the  works  of 
.John  Foster.  Sir  .James  Mackintosh,  after  residing 
Foster's  Essays,  declared  that  they  showed  their 
author  to  be  "  one  of  the  most  profound  and  elo- 
quent writers  that  England  has  produced."  In 
this  opinion  the  reading  world  have  long  since 
united.  In  1S19  his  Essay  on  "The  Evils  of 
Popular  Ignorance''  appeared,  and  it  added  to  the 


wide-spread    popularity    of    its    then    celebrated 
author. 

Besides  other  essays,  Mr.  Foster  wrote  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty-five  articles  for  the  Eclectic  Re- 
view. On  Sundays,  as  he  had  opportunity,  when 
able,  he  preached  in  destitute  churches.  He  also 
delivered  a  series  of  discourses  in  Broadmead 
church,  Bristol,  which  were  largely  attended,  and 
among  the  hearers  were  members  of  all  denomina- 
tions.    These  sermons  are  in  print. 

When  Mr.  Foster  reached  the  close  of  life  his 
faith  in  the  blessed  Redeemer  was  unwavering, 
and  anxious  to  see  him  face  to  face,  he  fell  asleep 
in  Jesus  Oct.  15,  1843. 

Mr.  Foster's  piety  was  all-pervading  and  abid- 
ing. Ilia  mind,  like  the  great  cataracts  and  lofty 
mountains  which  he  loved  to  think  of  in  boyhood, 
possessed  a  massive  grandeur,  an  originality,  and 
a  stately  majesty  only  met  at  long  intervals  in  the 
literary  world.  At  his  death  all  ranks  of  men 
united  in  paying  honor  to  his  memory  and  in  de- 
ploring the  loss  of  an  intellectual  giant. 

Foster,  Prof.  John  B.,  son  of  John  M.,  was 
born  in  Boston,  -Jan.  8,  1822.  In  the  seventh  year 
of  his  age  his  father  removed  to  Waterville,  Me., 
where,  until  he  was  fourteen,  he  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  the  academy  in  that  place.  For 
two  years — 1836-38 — he  was  occupied  in  mechan- 
ical pursuits,  and  then  commenced  preparation  to 
enter  college.  He  graduated  at  Waterville  College, 
now  Coll)y  University,  in  the  class  of  1843.  In  the 
same  year  he  entered  the  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution with  the  intention  of  going  through  the 
three  years'  course  of  study.  In  the  following 
spring,  however,  he  left  the  institution,  and  en- 
gaged in  teaching  for  some  time.  Subsequently 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Gardiner.  Me.,  commencing  his  ministry 
in  August,  1840.  Ill  health  obliged  him  to  resign 
after  a  brief  period.  Upon  recovering  he  resumed 
his  studies  at  Newton  in  the  fall  of  1847,  and  con- 
tinued them  until  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1850.  A  short  time  before  completing  his  theolog- 
ical course  he  was  called  to  Portland  to  take  the 
editorial  charge  of  Zimis  Advocate,  the  organ  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  for  the  State  of  Maine. 
This  position  he  held  for  eight  years.  In  August, 
1858,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  Languages  in  Waterville  College,  to  take 
the  place  of  Dr.  Champlin,  who  had  been  elected 
to  the  presidency  of  the  college.  In  1872  the  de- 
partment was  divided,  and  since  that  time  Prof. 
Foster  has  occupied  the  chair  of  Greek  Language 
and  Literature. 

Foster,  Rev.  Jos.  A.,  now  pastor  of  the  First 
African  ehurcli  in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  though  with- 
out educational  advant.iges  while  a  slave,  has  since- 
done  much  in  cultivating  his  mind.    lie  is  regarded. 


FOSTER 


408 


FOSTER 


at  this  time  as  a  fine  preacher.  lie  was  one  of 
the  principal  agents  in  originating  the  colored  Con- 
vention, of  which  he  was  president  for  three  years. 
Foster,  Rev.  Joseph  C,  was  born  in  Milford, 
N.  H.,  April  16,  ISIS.  Leaving  a  printing-office  in 
1835,  he  pursued  studies  preparatory  to  the  min- 
istry at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  New  Hampton, 
N.  H.  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  IJrattleborough,  Vt.,  Jan.  19,  1843.  He 
closed  his  pastorate  there  July  1,  1856,  after  nearly 
fourteen  years  of  service.  He  was  elected  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  Aug.  7, 
1850.  This  pastorate  continued  until  Dec.  25, 
1872,  embracing  more  than  sixteen  years.  Imme- 
diately entering  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Randolph,  Mass.,  he  was  in- 
stalled Jan.  23,  1873.  During  liis  ministry  of 
thirty-six  years  he  has  baptized  hundreils.  and 
seen  much  development  of  the  churches  with  which 
he  has  been  connected,  in  various  kinds  of  efficiency, 
including  benevolent  contributions  and  extensive 
improvement  of  church  property.  In  two  instances 
superior  houses  for  worship  have  been  built  under 
his  administration.  He  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  educational  and  denominational  work,  having 
served  on  school  committees  nearly  thirty  succes- 
sive years,  and  held  responsible  positions  on  vari- 
ous boards  of  benevolent  societies,  especially  in 
secretarial  and  financial  service.  Some  of  his  pub- 
lications have  had  extensive  circulation,  one  of 
which,  a  tract  on  baptism  and  communion,  has 
been  in  .great  demand.  He  has  written  much  for 
the  periodical  press. 

Foster,  Prof.  Joshua  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Tuscaloosa  Co.,  Ala.,  March  17,  ISl'J,  and  has  re- 
sided in  that  county  to  this  date.  After  such  ad- 
vantages as  could  be  had  in  the  best  country  .schools 
he  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Alabama  in  1839;  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  Tuscaloosa  church  in  1853,  Rev.  B.  Manly, 
Sr.,  Rev.  T.  F.  Curtis.  Rev.  J.  C.  Foster,  and  Rev. 
R.  Jones  being  the  Presbytery ;  elected  to  a  pro- 
fessorship in  the  university  in  1841,  when  twenty- 
one  years  old  ;  after  three  years,  .associated  with 
Rev.  E.  B.  Teague  in  a  male  high  school  in  Tusca- 
loosa ;  re-elected  to  his  former  position  in  the 
faculty  of  the  university  in  1849,  but  soon  with- 
drew in  ill  health  ;  was  several  times  offered  posi- 
tions in  the  faculty,  which  he  declined,  until  in 
1S73  he  accepted  the  professorship  of  Moral  .'Science, 
and  in  1874  that  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  A.s- 
tronomy,  and  filled  both  chairs  for  three  years.  He 
is  still  an  honored  member  of  the  faculty  of  the 
State  University  ;  was  for  some  years  president  of 
the  Alabama  Central  Female  College  in  Tuscaloosa. 
During  his  long  career  as  a  college  professor  he  has 
been  the  useful  pastor  of  neighboring  country  and 
village   churches.      Dr.    Foster   is  profoundly  in- 


tellectual, eminently  learned,  distinguished  as  a 
teacher,  a  sincere  Christian,  and  a  wi.se  counselor 
among  his  brethren.  The  title  of  D.D.  was  con- 
ferred on  him  by  Howard  College  in  1879. 

Foster,  Rev.  L.  S.,  Mississippi  editor  of  the 
Western  Recarder.  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  was  born  in 
Alabama  in  1847  ;  educated  in  the  University  of 
Alabama  ;  was  baptized  by  Elder  T.  G.  Sellers,  in 
1865,  at  Starksville,  Miss.,  and  began  to  preach  in 
1867;  spent  two  sessions  at  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary,  and  then  spent  two  years 
preaching  in  Mississippi  and  Tennessee,  when  he 
returned  to  the  seminary,  where  he  graduated  in 
1875 ;  has  filled  the  pastorate  at  Okalona,  Miss., 
and  Camden,  S.  C,  and  was  principal  of  Starksville 
Male  Academy.  As  a  writer  he  has  contributed 
a  number  of  valuable  articles  to  the  Reionler, 
and  has  also  published  an  able  sermon  on  '"  Truth 
Developed  by  Conflict.'' 

Foster,  Michael,  M.D.,  of  Huntingdon,  Eng- 
land, an  eminent  physician  of  that  district,  was 
a  member  of  the  ancient  Baptist  family  of  the 
Fosters  of  Preston,  near  Ilitchin,  in  whose  house 
John  Bunyan  often  found  an  a.sylum,  and  where 
the  "Baptist  bishop"  preached  sometimes  at  mid- 
night in  the  times  of  persecution.  Dr.  Foster  was 
a  man  of  rare  qualities,  welcome  and  influential  for 
good  in  every  circle.  When  he  settled  in  Hunting- 
don, in  1834,  the  Non-Conformist  cause  was  almost 
extinct,  but,  notwithstanding  obloquy,  he  followed 
the  dictates  of  his  conscience,  and  soon  won  his 
way  to  social  eminence.  For  many  years  he  took 
a  leading  part  in  promoting  the  evangelization  of 
neglected  districts,  being  w^elcomed  as  an  accept- 
able preacher,  and  loved  and  trusted  by  all  classes. 
His  interest  in  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 
intense.  He  served  for  many  years  on  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  and  endeared  himself  to  mission- 
aries and  their  families  by  his  generous  hospitali- 
ties and  practical  sympathy.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  to  the  mayoralty  of  Huntingdon,  being  the 
first  Non-Conformist  since  the  days  of  Cromwell  to 
occupy  that  position.  As  a  deacon  for  forty-eiglit 
years  his  services  were  of  the  highest  order,  for  he 
was  one  of  the  foremost  in  every  onward  movement 
of  the  denomination,  and  conspicuous  for  the  saint- 
liness  of  his  character  in  a  very  wide  circle.  He 
died  -Jan.  7.  ISSiO.  au'cil  sixty-nine  years. 

Foster,  Rev.  Nathaniel  Greene,  of  Madison, 
was  born  July  25,  1809,  in  Greene  Co.,  Ga.  He 
had  excellent  instructors  in  youth,  and  in  1828  en- 
tered the  State  University  at  Athens,  graduating  in 
1830.  He  studied  law  under  his  uncle.  Seaborn 
Johnson,  in  Madison,  and  soon  entered  upon  its 
practice.  Converted  in  184S,  he  united  with  the 
Madison  church,  and  on  the  10th  of  August  of  the 
same  year  he  was  licensed.  On  the  27th  of  Jan- 
uary,  1849,  he  was   ordained    by   the   following 


FOUNTAIN 


409 


FOX 


brethren,  who  cumposed  the  Presbytery:  B.  M. 
Sanders,  Jno.  L.  Dagg,  V.  R.  Thornton,  S.  G.  Hill- 
yer,  N.  M.  Crawford,  S.  S.  Bledsoe,  and  C.  M.  Ir- 
win. He  soon  accepted  a  call  to  the  First  church 
of  Augusta,  but  resigned  at  the  end  of  six  months, 
convinced  that  his  life  as  a  lawyer  had  unfitted  him 
for  such  a  field  of  duty.  lie  returned  to  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  preaching  to  country  churches  and 
serving  the  Madison  church  at  times.  His  health 
began  to  fail  in  1S58,  and  on  the  19th  of  October, 
1869,  he  died.  He  served  his  district  in  Congress 
one  session  ;  was  for  many  years  a  trustee  of  Mer- 
cer University  ;  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Georgia  Female  College.  He  was  a  man  of  hand- 
some appearance,  of  fine  ability,  and  of  good  judg- 
ment, and  when  difficulties  aro.se  was  always  a 
l>eace-m:iker  among  his  brethren. 

Poimtain,  Rev.  Ezra,  was  bom  in  Bedford, 
Westchester  Co.,  X.  Y.  -.  trained  on  a  farm  ;  mingled 
in  the  scenes  of  the  Revolution  ;  was  converted  in 
early  manhood ;  ordained  in  1S02;  was  pastor  of 
the  Bedford  Baptist  church;  was  in.strumental  in 
organizing  the  Baptist  church  at  Yorktown,  and 
fostered  it  till  his  death  ;  was  fully  up  to  his  times ; 
did  very  much  pioneer  work  ;  strong,  energetic, 
and  devoted;  he  died  of  injuries  received  from 
being  thrown  from  a  wagon. 

Fowler,  Rev.  T.  J.,  a  pi-ominent  young  preacher 
in  Attala  Co.,  Miss.,  is  a  native  of  Georgia,  where 
he  was  born  in  1849.  Having  removed  to  Ala- 
bama, he  became  a  Baptist  shortly  after.  He  began 
to  preach  in  1S7.5,  and  was  ordained  the  year  fol- 
lowing. He  became  pastor  of  Xew  Bethel,  Fay- 
ette Co.,  Ala.,  where  he  continued  until  he  removed 
to  Mississippi  in  1S77.  He  settled  in  Pontotnc 
County,  and  became  pastor  of  Mount  Moriah  and 
Ilosea  churches  in  that  county..  He  remained  with 
those  churches  one  year,  then  removed  to  Attala 
County,  where  he  took  charge  of  Providence  church, 
of  which  he  is  still  pastor,  with  a  prospect  of  great 
good. 

Fox,  Rev.  Jehiel,  prominent  among  the  pioneer 
Baptists  of  Northern  Xew  York,  was  born  in  1760, 
at  East  Haddam,  Conn.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
at  Hoosick  Falls,  X'.  Y.  In  1796  he  removed  to 
Chester,  in  the  region  of  Lake  George,  which 
country  was  then  a  wilderness.  Here  a  church 
was  organized  and  he  was  ordained.  At  his  own 
charges,  Elder  Fox  traveled  and  preached  through- 
out the  surrounding  counties,  and  under  his  min- 
istry were  organized  most  of  the  churches  of  the 
Lake  George  -Vssociation.  He  was  a  man  of  piety, 
energy,  and  wisdom,  and  of  fine  natural  gifts.  He 
had  a  great  thirst  for  knowledge,  and  gave  his 
children  the  very  best  educational  advantages  the 
times  afforded.  He  died  in  1S23.  His  tombstone 
bears  the  quaint  inscription,  dictated  by  himself, 
"  Jehiel  Fox  passes  this  way  from  the  labors  of 


the  field  and  vineyard  to  his  Master.     Lo  I  Grace 
gives  the  triumph." 

Fox,  Rev.  L.  L,,  was  bom  in  Louisa  Co.,  Va., 
in  Is  14.  His  grandfather,  an  oflicer  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  was  a  near  relative  of  Charles  J.  Fox,  of 
England.  He  was  baptized  at  sixteen  years  of  age, 
and  then  resolving  to  prepare  himself  for  a  life  of 
usefulness,  he  worked  hard  through  the  day  and  • 
studied  books  at  night.  A  few  years  being  spent 
in  this  way,  he  then  had  three  years  of  regular 
training  at  school.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry by  a  Presbytery  consisting  of  Revs.  James 
Fife,  W.  Y.  Hyter,  T.  T.  Swift,  M.  Jones,  and  Dr. 
S.  B.  WeVjb,  and  for  four  years  served  churches  as 
pastor  in  his  native  county  :  then  he  was  pastor 
for  some  years  in  Culpeper,  Madison,  and  Louisa 
Counties.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Alabama,  and 
located  in  Uniontown,  where  he  remained  as  pastor 
until  the  clo.se  of  the  year  1865.  1866-67  he  de- 
voted to  the  religious  interests  of  the  colored  people 
under  appointment  of  the  Home  Mission  Society, 
and  would  have  continued  this  longer  bad  not  his 
flocks  preferred  men  of  their  own  color.  From  that 
time  to  this  he  has  served  churches  in  Marengo 
County.  He  has  been  moderator  of  the  Bethel  As- 
sociation for  fifteen  years,  and  was  previously 
moderator  of  the  Cahaba.  He  has  baptized  about 
lOOO  persons  in  his  life.  Mr.  Fox  is  a  cultivated 
man,  an  excellent  preacher,  and  the  most  influential 
Baptist  in  his  part  of  the  State.  He  has  a  delight- 
ful family. 

Fox,  Rev.  Norman,  was  sent  by  his  father  to 
Granville  Academy,  in  those  days  one  of  the  most 
prominent  schools  in  Xorthern  Xew  York.  In 
1813  he  entered  Union  College.  Admitted  to  the 
bar,  he  was  made  judge  of  Warren  County,  and 
he  was  for  several  years  a  prominent  member  of 
the  State  Legislature.  He  was  also  extensively 
engaged  in  commercial  affairs.  Having  been 
converted  about  this  period,  he  began  to  address 
religious  meetings.  At  his  last  election  to  the 
Legislature,  the  opposition  members  contested 
his  eligibility  to  a  seat  on  the  ground  that  he  was 
a  clergyman,  which  class  at  that  day  were  ineli- 
gible, but  as  he  had  been  neither  licensed  nor 
ordained,  the  movement  was  unsuccessful.  Soon 
after  this  he  gave  up  secular  pursuits  entirely,  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  alone. 
He  preached  at  Kingsbury  and  other  towns  in 
Washington  County,  and  was  for  twelve  years  pas- 
tor of  the  church  at  Ballston  Spa.  He  stood  aloof 
from  politics  after  entering  the  ministry,  declining 
even  to  vote.  Remarkably  able  as  a  preacher,  he 
was  even  more  so  as  a  private  citizen.  Few  men 
have  in  their  day  commanded  such  profound  re- 
spect from  all  classes  of  society.  He  died  in  1863, 
aged  seventy-one. 

Among  his  sons  the  following  have  become  prom- 


FOX 


410 


FRANCE 


inent  sis  iiiHucntial  Biiptists :  Alanson  Fox,  of 
Steuben  Co.,  X.  Y.,  a  prominent  business  man  and 
a  member  of  the  boards  of  mana^ieraent  of  several 
of  our  denominational  corporations;  also  Prof. 
Norman  Fox,  of  New  York  City. 

Fox,  Prof.  Iforman,  son  of  the  Rev.  Norman 
Fox,  a  distinguished  Baptist  minister  of  New  York, 


PHOf.    .NIIRMAX     FOX. 

M'ho  (lied  in  ISO.S,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Jehiel  Fox, 
another  honored  minister  of  our  denomination. 
Norman  Fox  received  his  literary  education  at 
Rochester  University,  and  his  theological  training 
at  its  well-known  seminary.  He  was  ordained  at 
Whitehall,  N.  Y.  Afterwards  he  was  associate 
editor  of  the  Central  Baptist,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  Professor  of  History  in  AV'illiam 
Jewell  College,  JIo.  At  present  he  resides  in 
New  York,  and  he  devotes  himself  chiefly  to  denomi- 
national literature,  writing  for  many  religious 
journals. 

Prof.  Fox  has  read  very  extensively;  his  attain- 
ments in  this  respect  are  great.  He  has  a  mind  of 
unusual  clearness  and  power.  He  lias  the  happy 
faculty  of  using  the  most  fitting  words  to  express 
important  thoughts.  He  has  a  large  heart.  With 
the  grace  of  God  which  he  possesses  he  is  a  mighty 
power  in  the  Baptist  denomination,  the  force  of 
which  we  trust  will  be  lung  spared  to  us.  Those 
who  know  him  only  by  his  writings,  or  by  personal 
relaticiiis,  admire  and  love  him. 

France,  American  Baptist  Mission  to.— The 
Triennial  Convention  projected  a  mission  to  France 
in  1832.     The  board  sent  out  Prof.  Ira  Chase,  of 


Newton  Theological  Institute,  to  explore  the  tield, 
and  M.  Rostan,  a  native  Frenchman,  to  make 
trial  of  mission  work  in  Paris.  A  year  later  M. 
Rostan  died  of  cholera.  Rev.  Isaac  M.  Will- 
marth,  who  had  previously  spent  the  greater  part 
of  a  year  in  Paris,  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of 
the  mission,  and  to  instruct  young  men  for  the 
ministry,  and  he  with  his  wife  arrived  on  the 
ground  in  June,  1834.  The  design  of  the  mission 
was  to  revive  and  strengthen  the  few  small  Baptist 
churches  long  in  existence,  to  raise  up  an  educated 
French  ministry,  and  to  diffuse  the  pure  gospel  in 
the  nation.  From  French  Protestants  coldness  and 
opposition  were  experienced.  A  chapel  was  opened, 
and  services  in  Frencli  and  English  were  nuvin- 
tained.  M.  Porchat  was  employed  as  a  French 
preacher,  but  after  a  little  be  withdrew  from  the 
service.  J.  B.  Cretin  was  the  first  student  for  the 
ministry.  In  1835,  Mr.  Willmarth,  in  company 
with  Prof.  Barnas  Sears,  visited  the  churches 
in  the  Department  du  Nord,  and  they  were  wel- 
comed everywhere.  Two  other  students  were  re- 
ceived. An  evangelist,  M.  Dusavt,  was  ordained 
at  Paris.  In  November,  Revs.  Erastus  Willard 
and  1).  N.  Sheldon  joined  the  mission, — the  latter  to 
labor  in  Paris,  the  former  with  Mr.  Willmarlh  to 
locate  at  Pouay,  in  the  North,  to  instruct  students 
for  the  ministry.  The  missionaries  ordained  J. 
Thieirrey,  at  Lannoy.  Religious  services  were 
sustained  at  Douay  and  Paris.  There  were  four 
students,  two  pastors,  and  three  colporteurs.  A 
church  was  cunstitutod  at  Oenlis,  and  J.  B.  Cretin 
ordained  pastor. 

Mr.  Willtnarth  by  ill  health  was  forced  to  leave 
the  mission  in  1837.  In  1838  a  church  was  con- 
stituted at  Douay,  and  strict  regulations  introduced 
into  the  other  churches.  In  1839,  Mr.  Sheldon  re- 
moved to  Douay  to  aid  Mr.  Willard,  but  six  months 
later  resigned.  In  1840  the  whole  number  of  Bap- 
tists was  ISO,  and  there  were  33  baptisms  during 
the  year.  Mr.  Willard,  now  left  entirely  alone, 
had  his  hands  and  his  mind  fully  occupied  with  the 
care  of  the  churches  and  the  instruction  of  his 
pupils.  It  was  necessary  for  him  to  visit  the  dif- 
ferent stations,  to  correct  abuses  and  teach  the 
principles  of  church  order;  but  he  bent  his  main 
energies  to  tlie  training  of  young  men  for  the  min- 
istry. "  He  was  persuaded  that  the  people  could 
be  more  efl'ectually  reached  by  Frenchmen  than  by 
foreigners  ;  but  he  was  equally  sure  that  they  must 
be  converted  and  trained,  must  understand  the 
Scriptures  and  themselves,  and  have  some  acquaint- 
ance with  the  various  forms  of  error  with  which  they 
would  have  to  contend.  To  prepare  a  body  of  men, 
able  in  the  Word  of  God,  and  strong  against  the 
subtle  influences  of  error,  he  bent"  all  the  powers 
of  his  strong  and  energetic  mind.  "  And  God  gave 
him  some  young  men  of  rare  promise,  of  genuine- 


FRANCE 


411 


FRANCE 


eloquence  and  power,  who  have  since  done,"  and 
are  still  doinj;,  "noble  service  for  the  Master."* 
He  thoroughly  indoctrinated  the  students  and  the 
churches  in  the  strict  principles  of  American  Bap- 
tists, and  thus  laid  a  solid  foundation  for  the  growth 
of  Baptist  churches  in  France.  lie  watched  with 
anxious  care  tlie  conduct  of  his  assistants,  in  its  rela- 
tion to  an  oppressive  government,  restraining  tlie 
fiery  zeal  of  those  who  would  court  a  conflict  with 
the  civil  power,  and  keeping  all  operations  as  far 
as  possible  within  the  limits  of  the  law.  To  his 
faithful  training  and  judicious  care  of  the  students 
and  the  churches,  during  more  tlian  twenty  years, 
carrying  forward  under  great  difficulties  the  work 
begun  by  Mr.  Willraarth,  the  French  mission  owes 
most  of  its  subsequent  success  and  present  hopeful 
prospects.  This  was  his  great  life-work,  and  will 
be  an  enduring  monument  to  his  memory. 

In  1S44,  on  the  death  of  his  wife,  Mr.  Willard 
visited  America,  still  guiding  the  mission  by  cor- 
respondence through  M.  Foulboeuf,  and  after  his 
lamented  death  through  M.  Thieffrey.  On  his  re- 
turn, in  1S46,  persecutions  were  rife  all  over  the 
field.  Sume  of  the  brethren  were  fined,  others 
were  imprisoned.  Lepoids,  Foulon,  and  Besin  ap- 
pealed to  the  highest  court  in  the  realm,  and  were 
defeniled  by  eminent  French  counsel,  Vjut  before  a 
decision  was  rendered  Louis  Philippe,  the  '"citizen 
king,''  wag  driven  from  France  by  the  revolution 
of  1848.  The  year  was  nevertheless  prosperous. 
The  number  baptized  was  double  that  of  any  pre- 
ceding year. 

The  revolution  gave  a  respite  to  our  persecuted 
brethren.  The  chapel  at  Genlis,  which,  as  .soon  as 
built,  was  closed  by  government,  and  remained 
shut  eleven  years,  was  opened.  Dr.  Devan  began 
work  in  Paris  in  184S.  A  yea*r  later  he  repaired 
to  Lyons,  where  he  labored  in  the  Southern  De- 
partment of  the  mission  till  185.3,  when  he  left  the 
country.  There  were  then  'J  churches  and  172 
members  in  the  South.  In  1849  the  first  Associa- 
tion was  formed  at  Verberie.  From  this  period  to 
185G,  Mr.  Willard.  again  in  charge  of  the  whole 
work,  resided  in  Paris,  teaching  the  students,  coun- 
seling and  encouraging  the  past  irs  in  the  midst  of 
persecutions  and  sufferings.  Worn  out  with  cares 
and  anxieties,  he  then  decided  to  return  home,  re- 
questing the  board  to  send  some  competent  man  to 
fill  his  pliice.  To  escape  persecution  numbers  of 
the  French  brethren  emigrated  to  the  United  States. 
The  Held  having  become  too  much  enlarged  for 
efficient  supervision,  the  Southern  Department  was 
relinquished  temporarily,  and  the  number  of  sta- 
tions reduced  to  6,  with  a  membership  of  2S1. 
Around  these  stations  meetings  were  held  in  many 


»C.  E.  Barrowg,  Oommomoralive  Discourse  on  the  Life  and  Cliar- 
acler  of  Jlr.  Willard. 


localities.  The  churches  were  animated  with  a 
spirit  of  piety  and  missionary  zeal.  Prayer-meet- 
ings were  maintained  in  Paris  almost  every  evening. 
There  was  an  awakening  among  the  soldiers  in  the 
garrison,  and  many  Koman  Catholics  who  had 
heard  the  gospel  were  visited  on  their  death-beds 
and  found  rejoicing  in  Christ  as  their  Saviour. 
"  For  this  reason,"  says  one  of  the  pastors,  "  I  be- 
lieve that  eternity  alone  will  reveal  the  good  which 
has  been  done  to  thousands  who,  during  the  last 
thirty  years,  have  heard  the  Word  of  life  from  your 
missionaries." 

Thus  the  work  went  on  from  year  to  year  with 
alternations  of  successes  and  reverses.  In  1806  the 
chapel  at  Chauny,  which  had  been  closed  fourteen 
years,  was  re-opened  with  rejoicing,  by  decree  of 
government.  In  1870-71  all  the  operations  of  the 
mission  were  deranged  by  the  Franco-Prussian 
war.  Many  young  men  from  the  churches  were 
called  into  military  service.  The  church  in  Paris 
lost  nineteen  members  during  the  war,  and  a  large 
number  during  the  dreadful  siege  and  the  terrors 
of  the  Commune  in  15^71.  The  brethren  carried 
forward  their  work  as  far  as  practicable,  visited  the 
soldiers,  and  circulated  tracts  among  them,  but  war 
and  its  horrors  absorbed  the  attention  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  little  could  be  done  except  in  spiritual 
efforts  for  the  soldiers,  the  wounded,  and  the  dying. 
After  the  war  the  churches  slowly  recovered  from 
the  evils  it  had  caused,  and  as  for  a  season  there 
was  entire  religious  freedom,  the  laborers  were 
greatly  encouraged,  and  with  renewed  zeal  sowed 
the  good  seed  among  the  people. 

At  the  present  date  there  are  eight  stations  and 
numerous  out-stations.  The  churches  are  sound  in 
faith  and  strict  in  discipline,  with  a  membership 
of  about  700.  Though  generally  poor  thej-  give 
largely  according  to  their  means,  and  since  the 
mission  was  commenced  have  raised  for  the  work 
and  for  benevolence  ?10,0<,)()  or  $12,000.  The  pas- 
tors and  evangelists  are  faithful  and  devoted  men. 
Cretin,  Mr.  Willmarth's  first  student,  still,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-four,  pursues  his  work  with  ardor. 
The  veteran  Thieffrey  still  holds  his  post  at  Lannov. 
The  church  in  Paris  has  a  large  and  beautiful 
chapel,  and  intends  to  keep  a  yearly  feast  on  the 
14th  of  September  to  celebrate  its  dedication,  which 
occurred  at  that  date  in  187,3.  Our  cause  has 
gained  greatly  in  public  estinmtion,  and  is  now 
treated  with  respect  bv  other  denominations  and 
by  public  journals.  Our  pastors  are  invited  to 
participate  in  ministerial  conferences,  and  to  explain 
their  views  of  baptism  and  the  comiqunion.  Our 
mission  has  given  rise  to  discussions  on  these  topics 
all  over  the  country,  and  as  a  consequence,  infant 
baptism  is  losing  its  hold  on  the  Protestants  of 
France.  Several  of  the  pastors  have  been  baptized 
themselves  and  have  baptized  a  large  portion  of 


FRANCIS 


412 


FRANRLIX 


their  flocks,  and  some  of  tlieiii  have  decided  to 
admit  in  future,  members  to  their  churches  only  l)y 
baptism.  Thus,  since  the  mission  was  commenced 
in  is:!4,  great  progress  has  been  made  in  Scriptural 
views  of  the  ordinances.  About  12U0  liave  been 
bapti/.e<l.  The  lioard  has  expended  on  the  work 
probably  over  S40O,O0U.  The  prospect  for  the 
future  is  encouraging.  With  a  tlieological  schnol 
at  Paris  now  in  operation,  we  slial!  be  able  to  raise 
up  useful  pastors  to  succeed  those  devoted  men 
now  in  the  field.     This  in  indispensable. 

Tlie  time  is  propitious.  Kopublicaiiism  is  in  the 
ascendency  ;  tlie  enlightened  classes  are  tired  of  tlie 
domination  of  the  priesthood,  and  turn  to  I'rotest- 
antism  as  the  only  force  able  to  cope  with  the  wily 
Jesuitism  of  the  papacy.  It  seems  the  favorable 
moment  for  vigorous  effort  that  France,  one  of  the 
most  iiilliii'iitial  of  nations,  may  be  wrested  from 
the  doniiniiin  of  Konie  ;  and  being  herself  evangel- 
ized may  become  a  centre  of  light  for  the  world. 

Francis,  Rev.  Benjamin,  took  charge  of  the 

church  at  Shortwood,  England,  in  October,  1758. 
Under  his  unwearied  labors  the  community  became 
80  numerous  that  it  was  necessary  to  enlarge  the 
meeting-house  before  he  was  two  years  the  shep- 
herd of  Shortwood.  lie  preached  regularly  in  four 
surrounding  villages,  in  some  of  which  chapels 
were  built  through  his  instrumentality;  and  he 
soon  was  summoned  to  minister  in  distant  places, 
for  his  popularity  increased  with  his^^pi's,  so  that 
before  his  death  he  was  known  throughout  all  the 
British  Baptist  churches  as  one  of  their  ablest 
ministers.  "  His  usefulness  was  so  great,  his  tal- 
ents so  admired,  and  his  character  so  revered  that 
he  shed  a  lustre  over  the  denomination  to  which  he 
belonged."  He  died  Dec.  14,  171)0.  Mr.  Francis 
was  the  author  of  some  beautiful  hymns.  The 
following  stanza  is  his,  and  the  hymn  to  which  it 
belongs  : 

"My  Krai'itmrt  Recloenier  I  love! 

His  piHiSfs  alinid  I'll  procliiilii, 
Ami  jiiiii  with  the  arink-s  iiliovo 

To  siiDut  his  iitloralilo  name  ; 
To  ga'/e  on  his  glories  divine 

Shall  he  my  eternal  eiMi)lo.v, 
Ami  feel  them  iii<-essaiitly  Hhine 

My  huiiiiiiless  iiietlahle  jny." 

Franklin  College,  Indiana.— At  the  close  of 

the  first  meeting  of  what  is  now  called  the  Indiana 
Baptist  State  Conventiim,  held  in  October,  18-3.3,  at 
Brandywiiie,  Shelby  Co.,  the  friends  of  education 
met  in  confi^rence  and  took  steps  looking  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  institution  of  learning.  June  5, 
1834,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Indianapolis  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  an  education  society.  Rev. 
Wm.  Reese  was  elected  chairman,  and  Rev.  Ezra 
Fisher  clerk.  The  following  names  were  enrolled  : 
William  Reese,  Ezra  Fisher,  Henry  Bradley,  John 
Ilobart,  Samuel   Harding,   Lewis   Morgan,  J.  V. 


A.  Woods,  Elipbalet  Williams,  .John  L.  Rich- 
mond, Nathaniel  Richmond,  John  McCoy,  John 
Mason,  Moses  Jeffries,  and  Reuben  Coffey.  Com- 
mittees were  appointed  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
brethren  of  the  State,  by  means  of  correspondence 
and  newspaper  articles,  and  .Tan.  14,  183,'),  was  ap- 
pointed as  the  time  at  which  the  formal  organiza- 
tion of  the  Education  Society  should  be  effected. 
The  immediate  control  of  the  institution  was  to  be 
in  the  hands  of  a  board  of  trustees  electpd  by  the 
society,  it  was  to  be  on  the  "  manual  labor"  plan, 
and  it  was  by  unanimous  choice  located  at  Frank- 
lin. 

It  was  for  years  a  "  Manual  Labor  Institute"  in 
fact  as  well  as  in  name.  In  the  language  of  Rev. 
T.  C.  Townsend,  once  agent  for  the  institution,  "  I 
have  known  young  men  tie  up  their  clothes  in  a 
handkerchief,  walk  through  the  mud  one  hundred 
miles,  and  when  they  reached  the  college  they 
would  borrow  of  President  Chandler  one  dollar  and 
twenty-five  cents  to  buy  them  an  axe,  and  work 
their  way  to  an  education.  These  boys  are  now 
the  men  that  tell  upon  the  interests  of  society 
throughout  the  AVest." 

The  first  building  was  a  frame,  20  by  38  feet,  one 
story.  It  was  used  for  chapel,  recitations,  and  on 
Sundays  for  church  service.  It  was  built  in  1836. 
In  1844  a  three-story  brick,  42  by  84  feet,  was  put 
up.  In  18.54  another  brick,  the  copy  of  the  first, 
was  erected.  The  campus  contains  about  twelve 
acres. 

The  first  principal  was  Rev.  A.  T.  Tilton,  a  man 
of  large  heart,  great  energy,  and  good  taste.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Hon.  W.  J.  Robinson,  who  con- 
ducted the  school  somewhat  more  than  one  year. 
In  1844,  Rev.  G.  C.  Chandler,  pastor  of  the  First 
church,  Indianapolis,  was  ctilled  to  the  presidency, 
and  the  name  was  changed  to  Franklin  College. 
He  was  a  man  of  vast  energy  and  great  faith,  and 
served  the  college  zealously  for  eight  years.  The 
most  that  he  and  the  professors  could  do  barely 
enabled  the  board  to  meet  current  expenses.  The 
work  of  instruction,  however,  went  on,  and  the 
State  was  reaping  the  beneficial  results. 

The  only  respeetalile  effort  for  endowment  was 
made  during  the  last  years  of  Dr.  Chandler's  presi- 
dency. The  plan  was  to  raise  $60,000 ;  S10,000  was 
to  be  expended  in  canceling  debts  and  meeting  in- 
cidental expenses,  the  remainder  was  to  be  invested 
as  a  permanent  fund.  And  the  plan  partially  suc- 
ceeded. The  amount  was  subscribed.  Unfor- 
tunately for  the  cause  of  education  in  the  State, 
scholarships  were  issued  as  a  reward  to  those  who 
had  made  the  subscriptions  ;  hence  while  income 
as  interest  was  assured,  income  as  tuition  fees  was 
defetited.  Almost  every  student  in  those  days  used 
a  scholarship. 

In  the  mean   time   Dr.  Chandler  resigned,  and 


FRANKLIN 


413 


FREEMAN 


Dr.  Silas  Bailey,  late  president  of  (Jranville  Colle;;p, 
was  called  to  the  presidency.  He  i;atlicre<l  about 
liiin  an  ulile  faculty,  and  all  would  have  gone  well 
if  the  SGO,()00  had  been  collected,  but  it  was  not. 
The  president  labored  with  fidelity  and  marked 
al)ility  till  failing  health  compelled  him  to  resign, 
and  the  war  took  the  young  men  away  from  the 
pursuit  of  learning  to  the  dangers  and  duties  of 
the  battle-field. 

There  was  a  suspension 
from  1864  to  lSf,9.  In  1869 
the  board  again  opened  the 
institution.  Rev.  W.  T. 
Stott  was  appointed  acting 
president.  In  1870,  Rev.  11. 
L.  Wayland,  D.D.,  was 
elected  president.  The  en- 
dowment was  small,  the  ex- 
penses rapidly  outran  the 
income,  and  in  1872  there 
was  another  suspension  ;  the 
property  of  the  college  was 
taken  for  the  debts  and  the 
organization  dissolved.  Im 
mediately  the  citizens  of 
Johnson  County  and  other 
friends  of  the  college  ])ro- 
posed  another  kind  of  organ- 
ization, — a  joint-stock  asso- 
ciation,— over  $50,000  was 

raised,  and  in  the  fall  of  1872  instruction  was 
begun,  with  Rev.  AV.  T. Stott,  D.D.,  as  president. 

The  institution  being  now  on  a  better  financial 
foundation  has  bright  hopes.  Up  to  this  time  nearly 
$100,000  has  been  raised  in  cash,  cash  subscriptions, 
and  real  estate.  The  following  is  the  treasurer's 
statement:  Buildings,  grounds,  and  equipments, 
$40,000;  production  endowment,  $60..531  ;  real  es- 
tate, $10,Gr)2  ;  beneficiary  fund,  $1250  ;  Centennial 
Hall  fund,  $471  ;  total,  $112,904. 

Of  those  giving  the  larger  amounts,  James  For- 
sythe,  Grafton  John.son,  and  William  Lowe  gave 
each  $5000,  in  cash ;  Elbert  Slink  and  J.  L.  Allen 
gave  $5000  each,  part  cash  and  jiart  in  real  estate. 
There  are  seven  instructors,  including  the  two 
teachers  in  painting  and  music.  Another  tutor 
will  probably  be  added  this  year.  Both  sexes  have 
had  the  advantages  of  the  college  since  1869.  The 
standard  of  scholai'ship  has  been  decidedly  ad- 
vanced. Rev.  AV.  N.  Wyeth  is  at  present  the  finan- 
cial agent. 

The  best  men  of  the  State  have  during  all  these 
years  worked  and  prayed  for  tlie  college  ;  many  of 
them  died  without  seeing  it  in  a  prosperous  state, 
but  their  prayers  are  being  answered.  Over  2000 
young  men  and  young  women  have  been  under  the 
instruction  of  the  college,  and  are  now  out  in  this 
and  other  States.     An  era  of  solid  prosperity  is  at 


last  dawning  for  Franklin  College.     Jubilee  year 
will  be  celebrated  in  18X4. 

Frear,  George,  D.D.,  son  of  the  Rev.  William 
Frear,  was  Ijurn  in  Katon,  Wyoming  Co.,  Pa.,  June 
21,  1831,  and  united  with  the  Eaton  church  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1849.  He  graduated  from  the  University  at 
Lewisburg  in  1856,  ami  from  the  theological  depart- 
ment, before  its  removal  to  Upland,  Delaware  Co., 
Pa.,  in  1858.    He  was  ordained  in  Reading  in  1858. 


FRAXKI.IN'    COLLEGE,   INDIANA. 

His  first  pastorate  in  the  city  of  Reading  was 
eminently  profitable  to  both  church  and  congrega- 
tion. After  several  years  of  labor  he  resigned,  and 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Norristown  Baptist  church, 
and  after  two  years  of  service,  during  which  a  hand- 
some church  was  built,  he  was  summoned  to  take 
the  very  important  position  he  now  holds,  as  pastor 
of  the  Lewisburg  church,  under  the  shadow  of  the 
university  where  he  received  his  training  for  the 
work  of  the  ministry. 

Freeman,  The,  the  oldest  weekly  newspaper  of 
the  English  Baptists,  was  started  in  January,  1855, 
and  has  therefore  had  a  continuous  existence  of 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Its  beginning 
was  due  to  the  zeal  of  a  few  earnest  Yorkshire  and 
Lancashire  Baptists,  among  whom  Benjamin  I'. vans, 
D.D.,  Revs.  Francis  Clowes,  W.  F.  isurchell,  Mr. 
John  Iloaton,  and  Mr.  William  Heaton  were  prom- 
inent in  the  inception  and  management  of  the 
paper,  which  was  first  published  at  Leeds,  York- 
shire. Soon  afterwards,  having  commended  itself 
to  the  confidence  and  support  of  the  denomination 
and  won  the  approval  of  the  .Associations,  the  pro- 
prietors transferred  the  publishing  office  to  London, 
the  editorial  department  being  then  in  charge  of 
the  Rev.  F.Clowes,  formerly  classical  tutor  at  Ilor- 
ton  College.  From  the  start  the  conductors  of  the 
paper  declared  it  to  be  their  object  to  foster  an 


FREEMAN 


414 


FREEMAN 


eainest  doiinminationiil  spirit  among  tho  Baptists, 
l)iit  proolaiinccl  neutrality  on  tlie  doctrinal  and  ec- 
clesiastical ditlerenccs  by  wliicli  thoy  were  divided 
into  Particular  and  General,  and  Strict  and  Open- 
Communion  Baptists.  To  both  aims  tlie  paper  has 
been  faithful,  and  although  the  original  proprietors 
are  now  inergeil  into  the  Freeman  Newspaper  Com- 
pany, it  is  still  favored  with  the  support  of  Baptists 
generally.  Its  jirice  has  been  gradually  lowered 
from  fourpence  halfpenny  to  tlie  present  po))ular 
price  of  one  penny  (two  cents  a  week).  It  is  un- 
derstood to  be  under  the  direction  of  an  editorial 
junto,  of  which  .loseph  Angus,  D.D.,  president  of 
Ilegent's  Park  College,  is  chief.  For  several  years 
the  late  Kev.  Edward  Leach,  who  died  .Vpril,  IS80, 
was  the  laborious  and  faithful  sub-editor.  7'he 
Freeman  may  be  obtained  from  the  publishers, 
Yates  &  Alexander,  21  Castle  Street,  Ilolborn, 
Lnndon. 
Freeman,  Rev.  Allen  B.,  was  born  in  New 

York  in  ISHS,  ami  oiiverlod  at  tho  age  of  about 
twelve  years,  lie  seems  to  have  been  licensed  to 
preach  by  a  church  in  Ohio,  but  returning  to  New 
York  in  1827  or  1828,  entered  at  the  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  graduating  in 
1833,  being  ordained  at  Hamilton,  with  two  or  three 
others,  immediately  after  his  graduation.  Having 
been  offered  an  appointment  as  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  be 
stationed  at  Chicago,  he  accepted,  and  proceeded 
immediately  to  his  field  of  labor.  His  brief  but 
active  and  useful  ministry  was  not  confined  to  Chi- 
cago. Previous  to  the  organization  of  what  is  now 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  that  city,  he  had  already 
formed  one  at  the  place  now  called  Iladli'V.  The 
first  baptism  in  Lake  Michigan  was  by  him,  occur- 
ring in  April,  1834.  A  house  was  soon  built  at 
Chicago  under  his  leadership,  being  adapted  both 
for  school  and  church  purposes.  At  the  end  of 
November,  IN-'U,  Mr.  Freeman  went  to  Bristol  to 
organize  a  church  there,  baptizing  on  the  occasion, 
in  Fox  lUver,  a  young  man  afterwards  a  useful 
Illinois  missionary  and  pastor.  Rev.  D.  Matlock. 
His  horse  failing  upon  the  return,  the  exposure  of 
a  long  journey  on  foot  brought  on  a  fever,  of  which 
he  died  Dec.  15,  18.'',4,  greatly  lamented.  His  name 
and  memory  are  most  affectionately  cherished  in 
Cliicago  and  Nortliern  Illinois. 

Freeman,  Josepll,  D.H.,  was  born  in  Cole- 
rain,  Mass.,  Sept.  I,  1802.  He  pursued  his  edu- 
cation in  Bethany  College,  and  studied  one  year  at 
Newton.  He  was  ordained  at  Ludlow,  Vt.,  June 
11,  182G,  where  be  was  pastor  for  some  time,  as 
also  in  Concord,  N.  II.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Cavendish,  At.,  four  years;  at  Saxton's 
River  four  years ;  at  Newport,  N.  II.,  three  years. 
Hisothersettlcments  wereat  New  Hampton,  N.  II., 
again    for  a    short  time   at  Cavendish,  Tt.,  Ball- 


ston   Spa,  N.  Y.,  and  Vergennes,  Vt.     His  labors 
were  owned  of  (Jod  to  tho  joy  of  many  souls. 

Freeman,  Rev.  J.  T.,  a  prominent  Baptist  min- 
ister in  Mississippi,  ami  president  of  the  Mississippi 
Baptist  Convention,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1822; 
educated  in  Randolph  Macon  College,  Va.,  and  in 
Tennessee  State  Agricultural  College ;  settled  in 
Mississippi  in  184G,  and  commenced  the  publica- 
tion of  a  polUical  paper ;  not  long  afterwards  was 
converted  and  began  to  preach  ;  in  1854-55  was 
pastor  at  Clinton,  Miss.  In  1857  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  State  Convention,  and  appointed  editor 
of  the  Mississipjii  Baptist,  published  at  Jackson, 
until  the  war,  during  which  he  was  pastor  at  Lex- 
ington and  Durant ;  in  18(55  removed  to  Corinth, 
where  he  was  pastor  nine  years  :  is  at  present  pastor 
at  Starkvillc  and  West  Point. 

Freeman,  Rev.  Ralph,  was  born  a  slave  in 
Anson  Co.,  N.  C.  Showing  fine  gifts  as  a  preacher, 
his  white  brethren  bouglit  his  freedom,  ordained 
him,  and  sent  him  forth  to  preach  the  gospel,  which 
he  did  with  great  power  in  several  counties.  He 
was  reckoned  so  good  a  preacher  that  he  wsus  often 
called  on  to  attend  the  funeral  services  of  white 
persons,  and  on  several  occasions  was  appointed  to 
preach  on  the  Sabbath  at  Associations,  Rev,  James 
Magee  was  his  warm  friend,  and  traveled  and 
preached  much  with  him.  Such  was  their  attach- 
ment for  each  other  that  they  agreed  that  the  sur- 
vivor should  preach  the  funeral  sermon  of  the  one 
who  died  first,  Mr,  Magee  moved  to  the  West  and 
died  first.  On  his  death-bed  be  bequeathed  to  his 
colored  brother  his  riding-horse,  overcoat,  Bible 
and  fifty  dollars,  and  reriuested  his  family  to  send 
for  Mr.  Freeman  to  attend  his  funeral.  He  went 
to  Tennessee  and  buried  Mr.  Magee,  and  the  large 
congregation  which  he  addressed  made  him  a  pres- 
ent of  fifty  dolhars.  He  lived  to  a  good  old  age  and 
died  respected  by  all. 

Freeman,  Judge  Thomas  J.,  was  born  in  Gib- 
son Co.,  Tenn.,  four  miles  soutli  of  Trenton,  the 
county-seat,  July  19,  1827.  In  youth  he  had  a 
ready  memory,  a  great  love  for  books,  and  he  reail 
extensively.  At  fifteen  years  of  age  he  made  a  pro- 
fession of  religion,  and  joined  Spring  Hill  Baptist 
church.  He  then  commenced  reading  all  kinds  of 
theological  works  that  came  in  his  way,  old  books 
such  as  his  father's  library  afforded,  or  could  be 
had  from  neighbors.  lie  read  ''  AVesley  on  Origi- 
nal Sin,"  doctrinal  tracts,  ''Fuller's  Reply  to 
Priestley,"'  and  other  works  of  their  character. 
When  a  young  man,  he  was  once  reading  in 
"Blair's  Rhetoric"  the  chapter  on  '•  Eloquence  of 
the  Pulpit,  Bar,  and  Forum,"  and  his  destiny  was 
fixed.  He  decided  to  be  a  lawyer.  This  was  in 
his  seventeenth  year.  In  March,  before  he  was 
eighteen,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law.  He 
followed  this  pursuit  at  home  in  the  country,  some- 


FREE  MISSION  SOCIETY 


415 


FREE  MISSION  SOCIETY 


times  by  the  light  of  a  splint-wood  fire.  While 
doing  so  he  occasionally  taught  school.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1848,  he  went  to  Trenton,  and  studied  in  the 
office  of  Mr.  Raines.  At  twenty-one  years  of  age 
he  was  licensed  by  Judge  Calvin  Jones,  chancellor 
of  Ilia  district,  and  Hon.  W.  B.  Turly,  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  he  opened  an 
office  at  Trenton,  with  faint  prospects  of  success. 
lie  studied  closely,  and  read,  he  supposes,  nearly 
every  standard  author  in  the  language.  His  special 
tiiste,  however,  has  been  for  metaphysical  study  and 
philosophic  theology,  the  science,  so  to  speak,  of 
religion.  He  believes  in  the  gospel  of  Jesus,  and 
does  not  hesitate  to  avow  it.  At  twenty-five  years 
of  oge  he  ran  against  Mr.  ?2theridge  for  Congress, 
and  greatly  reduced  his  majority. 

As  a  lawyer  Judge  Freeman  stood  very  high. 
Under  the  new  constitution,  in  1870,  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  after  his  first 
term  he  was  re-elected,  and  he  still  holds  this  po- 
sition with  great  honor  and  aliility.  In  protracted 
meeting!!  he  is  very  efficient,  leading  in  prayers  and 
e-xhortations,  and  giving  instructions  and  spiritual 
advice  to  inquirers.  He  is  now,  and  has  been  for 
a  number  of  years,  an  active  member  of  the  Trenton 
church,  of  which  Rev.  Dr.  M.  Hillsman  is  the  pastor. 

Free  Mission  Society,  American  Baptist. — 

This  organization  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  more 
radical  anti-slavery  feeling  among  Baptists  in  the 
United  States  iind  their  missionaries  in  Burmah. 

In  1840,  a  convention  of  earnest  men  formed 
in  New  York  a  "  Foreign  Provisional  Missionary 
Committee,"  which  continued  until  May,  184^3, 
when  they  took  a  wider  range  at  a  meeting  held  in 
Tremont  Temple,  Boston.  They  had  sought  to  pro- 
cure two  changes  in  the  organization  now  known 
as  the  "  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union.''  One 
was  a  pronounced  severance  from  all  slavery  influ- 
ence, and  the  other  was  a  more  strict  recognition 
of  church  representation  and  control  in  the  work 
of  missions.  They  failed  to  gain  either  point. 
Seventeen  of  the  number  withdrew,  and  after  earn- 
est prayer  signed  the  following  declaration,  drawn 
up  by  AVilliam  Henry  Brisbane,  who  had  previously 
manumitted  a  large  number  of  slaves  inherited  by 
him  in  South  Carolina: 

"We,  whose  names  are  undersigned,  solemnly 
pledge  ourselves  to  God  and  one  another  to  unite 
in  the  support  of  a  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  with 
a  constitution  yet  to  be  adopted,  that  shall  be  dis- 
tinctly and  thoroughly  separated  from  all  connec- 
tion with  the  known  avails  of  slavery  in  the  sup- 
port of  any  of  its  benevolent  purposes.'' 

Upon  this  platform  a  constitution  was  adopted 
and  officers  chosen.  About  the  same  time  the 
Southern  Baptists  seceded  from  the  national  Bap- 
tist foreign  mission  organization,  and  formed  the 
"  Southern  Baptist  Convention." 


The  Free-Missionists  went  on  with  their  work 
for  over  twenty-seven  years.  They  established  a 
mission  in  Ilayti,  and  also  in  Japan.  They  sent 
nine  missionaries  to  Hayti,  and  they  had  eleven  in 
Burmah,  some  of  whom  had  previously  been  in  the 
service  of  the  Missionary  Union  ;  they  sent  three  to 
Africa,  two  to  Japan,  eighteen  to  the  home  field 
west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  about  thirty 
to  the  South,  mostly  during  and  shortly  after  the 
war. 

In  some  departments  of  mental  and  moral  prog- 
ress the  managers  of  the  American  Baptist  Free 
Mission  Society  were  emphatically  pioneers.  They 
aided  English  Baptists  in  sustaining  the  Dawn 
Institute,  in  Canada,  composed  of  fugitives  from 
the  South.  They  founded  the  college  at  McGraw- 
ville,  Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  which  was  opened  to 
students  irrespective  of  color  or  sex.  After  the 
war,  they  aided  in  establishing  Leland  University, 
at  New  Orleans,  largely  endowed  by  II.  Chamberlin 
and  wife,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  society  was  served  by  cultured  and  forcible 
writers,  as  Kazlitt  Arvine,  Cyrus  I'itt  Grosvenor, 
Warham  Walker,  John  Duer,  deceased,  and  Nathan 
Brown  among  the  living. 

While  in  active  operation,  the  society  raised  and 
expended  from  83000  to  .*li2,OriO  per  year.  Its  sup- 
porters were  found  among  Baptists  wherever  the 
English  language  was  read  or  spoken. 

There  were  some  differences  between  the  Mission- 
ary Union  and  the  society  as  to  life-memberships, 
and  also  as  to  the  relations  between  those  dispensing 
the  funds  in  trust  and  those  at  work  on  mission 
fields.  Some  preferred  one  and  some  the  other 
medium.  In  the  course  of  time  this  friction  became 
less,  and  their  relations  became  measurably  ad- 
justed. 

The  war  rendered  needless  the  existence  of  the 
society,  and  at  a  meeting  in  Laight  Street  chapel, 
New  York,  May,  1872,  it  was  voted  to  suspend  it.s 
operations,  except  so  far  as  was  necessary  to  exe- 
cute trusts  and  perpetuate  legacies.  The  Ilayti 
mission  was  transferred  to  the  "  Consolidated  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Convention,"'  and  the  Japan  mis- 
sion to  the  Union,  which  also  cared  for  the  Burman 
field. 

The  last  president  of  the  society,  Albert  L.  Post, 
visited  Great  Britsiin  in  its  behalf  in  1865-66,  and 
is  commissioned  to  prepare  its  memorial  volume, 
to  which,  when  issued,  the  reader  is  referred  for  a 
more  complete  record.  Most  of  its  members  were 
among  the  foremost  promoters  of  temperance;  they 
opposed  secret  societies,  and  the  use  of  such  titles 
as  ■•  Rev.,"  '  D.D.,''  etc.,  among  Christian  brethren  ; 
and  they  advocated  higher  recognitions  of  woman's 
work  and  wages.  But  these  were  rather  incidental 
and  personal  matters,  not  included  in  the  original 
definition  of  the  specific  object  of  the  society. 


FREE-  WILL 


416 


FREE-  WILL 


Free-Will.— -Van  is  peifedhj  free  to  sin.  This 
stateinent  isunileiiialilc.  When  he  becomes  adruiik- 
iird  it  is  to  please  himself;  and  when  he  is  covetous 
to  meanness,  or  dishonesty,  when  he  is  guilty  of 
licentious  acts,  when  he  provokes  God  by  his 
blasphemies,  and  vrhen  with  wicked  hands  he  slays 
his  neighbor,  he  commits  these  crimes  to  gratify 
himself.  And  the  same  doctrine  is  true  with  refer- 
ence to  all  his  transgressions.  No  man  on  trial  in 
court  would  venture  to  urge,  as  an  e.\cuse  for  his 
criminal  acts,  tlmt  he  was  compelled  to  commit 
them,  unless  indeed  physical  force  was  used ;  and 
if  he  offered  such  a  plea  every  judge  and  jury  in 
the  world  would  regard  this  false  pretense  as  an 
aggravation  of  his  guilt.  Satan  can  only  tempt 
men  to  sin,  he  cannot  coerce  them  to  commit  it. 
lie  possesses  a  great  intellect,  vast  experience,  un- 
wearied perseverance,  and  hosts  of  agents  ;  never- 
theless, if  men  resist  the  devil  he  will  flee  from 
them.  Every  man's  consciousness  tells  him  that 
he  sins  because  of  his  own  personal  wishes,  and 
not  because  of  outside  force.  Ilaman  planned  to 
murder  Mordccai,  not  for  Satan's  pleasure  but  his 
own  ;  Ananias  and  his  wife  keiit  back  part  of  the 
price,  not  to  gratify  the  prince  of  darkness,  but  to 
satisfy  their  own  covetous  hearts.  The  testimony 
of  human  consciousness  proves  that  men  sin  because 
they  themselves  resolve  upon  it.  And  if  we  can- 
not believe  our  consciousness  upon  this  question  we 
cannot  believe  it  about  anything.  We  must  reject 
its  utterances  when  it  tells  us  that  we  are  living,  or 
walking,  or  speaking,  or  working.  To  reject  the 
evidence  of  our  consciousness  about  our  sins  coming 
solely  from  ourselves,  would  compel  us  to  discard  be- 
lief in  all  our  experiences.  Either  then  our  sins  are 
our  own,  or  we  can  believe  nothing,  and  our  con- 
sciousness is  but  a  constant  instrument  of  deception. 
From  the  fall  of  our  first  parents  in  Eden  down  to 
the  last  record  of  guilt  in  the  Scriptures,  God  invari- 
ably assumes  the  responsibility  of  men  for  their 
sins;  and  in  a  great  many  instances  he  asserts  it; 
and  this  responsibility  rests  upon  their  freedom  to 
sin. 

Man  lia.i  lost,  fiis  lilier/i/  to  serve  God.  Paul  says, 
Eph.  ii.  I,  "  You  hath  he  quickened  who  were  dead 
in  trespasses  and  sins."  The  death  of  which  he 
speaks  is  a  moral  death  ;  it  represents  men  without 
Christ  as  destitute  of  all  power  to  turn  to  Jesus. 
When  a  man  is  "dead  drunk"  he  cannot  reason,  he 
cannot  walk,  he  is  stupid  and  helpless.  So  the  un- 
saved are  under  the  curse  of  sinful  intoxication,  and 
they  are  dead  to  all  the  claims  of  God,  and  to  all 
the  charms  of  a  loving  Saviour ;  and  left  to  them- 
selves, they  would  never  seek  or  6nd  salvation.  The 
Saviour  says,  John  vi.  44,  "  No  man  can  come  to 
me,  except  the  Father  who  hath  sent  me  draw  him." 
There  is  a  lack  of  moral  ability  in  every  human 
heart  to  come  to  Jesus  till  the  drawings  of  grace  lift 


the  man  from  his  helplessness  and  slavery  and 
place  him  at  the  feet  of  Jesus.  The  impenitent  man 
might  be  compare<l  to  Samson  when  his  hair  was 
shorn  ;  the  great  Israelite  was  robbed  of  his  eyes, 
tlirust  into  prison,  bound  with  fetters  of  brass,  and 
he  did  grind  in  the  prison  :  and  the  only  power  he 
had  was  to  inflict  death  ;  for  when  the  Philistines 
were  feasting  in  the  temple  of  Dagon,  Samson  seized 
two  of  the  pillars  and  the  house  fell,  killing  him- 
self and  three  thousand  of  his  enemies.  The  un- 
regenerate  man  has  lost  his  moral  eyesight,  he  is 
in  the  prison  of  unbelief,  he  is  chained  by  sinful 
habits,  he  is  grinding  this  world's  grist,  and  he  has 
only  strength  to  destroy  his  own  soul  and  the  souls 
of  others.  The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith, 
in  Article  IX.,  says  trul}',  "Man  in  a  state  of  inno- 
cency  had  freedom  and  power,  to  will  and  to  do  that 
which  was  good,  and  well  pleasing  to  God.  .  .  . 
Man  by  his  fall  into  a  state  of  sin  hath  wholly  lost 
all  his  ability  of  will,  to  any  spiritual  good  accom- 
panying salvation,  so  as  a  natural  man,  being  al- 
together averse  from  that  good,  and  dead  in  sin,  is 
not  able  by  his  own  strength  to  convert  himself, 
or  to  prepare  himself  thereunto." 

The  palsied  will  of  an  unsared  man  is  made  free 
to  serve  God  by  the  Holy  Spirit.  When  the  C(im- 
forter  smote  the  heart  of  persecuting  Saul  his  op- 
position to  Christ  instantly  perished,  and  his  earnest 
cry  was,  "Lord,  what  wilt  tliou  have  me  to  do?" 
An  iron  paralysis  held  the  will  of  Paul  in  its  re- 
sistless power,  so  that  ho  was  approvingly  helpless 
to  exercise  any  faculty  of  his  soul  for  God  until  the 
Comforter  made  his  heart  the  temple  of  Jehovah, 
and  began  to  "  work  in  him  both  to  will  and  to  do 
of  his  good  pleasure."  It  is  through  this  blessed 
working  that  God's  "  people  are  willing  in  the  day 
of  his  power"  to  render  obedience  or  to  make  pain- 
ful sacrifices.  The  will  of  man,  so  free  to  sin,  so 
powerless  to  decide  for  Christ's  service,  is  strength- 
ened and  sanctified  by  the  Spirit  in  conversion,  and 
receives  his  assistance  ever  afterwards  to  steadfastly 
steer  the  soul  for  a  heavenly  port. 

Men  are  conscious  that  they  are  free  to  sin,  and 
when  they  are  brought  into  the  liberty  wherewith 
Christ  makes  his  people  free,  they  are  conscious 
that  God's  Spirit  has  given  them  deliverance  from 
the  bondage  of  unbelief,  and  they  are  conscious 
that  their  renewed  hearts  willingly  love  and  serve 
the  Saviour. 

Free-Will  Baptists,  or  (as  some  of  (hem  choose 
to  be  called)  Free  Baptists,  are  found  chiefly  in  the 
northern  portion  of  our  country,  particularly  in 
New  England,  and  extend  into  the  British  prov- 
inces. They  now  (1880)  count  7V,04l  members, 
1446  churches,  1 280  ordained  ministers,  162  licensed 
preachers,  2  colleges  with  theological  departments, 
and  6  lesser  schools.  They  have  a  weekly  paper, 
The  Morning  Star,  and  a  book-publishing  house. 


FREE-  WILL 


417 


FRENCH 


Thedciioiriination  (iri;;inated  in  1780.  Its  founilor 
was  Benjiiniiii  Kaii<liill,  of  New  Castle,  afterwards 
of  New  Dunham,  N.  II.,  who  was  converted  under 
Whitefield,  and  who  at  first  united  with  "the 
standing  order," — Congregationalists, — then  with 
the  regular  Baptists,  till  disfellowshipped  for  re- 
jecting certain  Calvinistic  sentiments.  He  finally, 
June  28,  17S0,  organized  tlie  churcli  at  Ni.'W  Dun- 
ham. The  denomination  began  with  the  sini]de 
name  of  Baptists,  soon  derisively  styled  "  Free-Wil- 
lers,"  but  tliey  shortly  adopted  the  name  Free-Will 
Baptists,  as  this  best  designated  their  marked  pecu- 
liarity. They  are  Trinitarian,  Arminian,  evangel- 
ical ;  holding  to  immersion  but  practising  open 
communion  ;  in  churcli  government  independent, — 
that  is,  strictly  congregational ;  yet,  for  advice  and 
helpfulness,  having  quarterly  meetings  of  churches, 
yearly  meetings  of  quarterly  meetings,  and  a  Gen- 
eral or  Triennial  Conference  of  yearly  meetings. 
They  emphasize  a  free  salvation  and  the  freedom 
of  the  will,  and  i-eject  the  doctrine  of  the  final 
perseverance  of  the  saints. 

From  the  New  Dunhaiil  church,  as  a  mother, 
their  churches  have  sprung,  though  they  have  re- 
ceived additions  from  other  quarters;  notably  from 
the  Free-Communion  Baptists  of  Central  New 
York,  who  joined  eii  masse  in  1841  ;  from  tlic  de- 
clining Six-Principle  Baptists  of  Rhode  Island  ; 
and  from  some  churches  once  styled  New  Lights,  or 
Separatists.  Recently  accessions  have  been  re- 
ceived from  churches  at  the  South  and  West  holding 
similar  views.  The  early  preachers  were  not  as  a 
rule  educated  men,  but  a  great  change  has  taken 
place  in  this  particular.  The  leading  ministers, 
now  deceased,  have  been  Benjamin  Randall,  John 
Burrell,  John  Colby,  Daniel  Marks,  Martin  Cheney, 
Elias  Ilutchins,  Ebenezer  Knowlton,  George  T. 
Diiy.  Meanwhile  gifted  women  have  received  rec- 
ognition in  the  pulpit. 

The  General  Conference  was  formed  in  1827. 
The  Free-Will  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Society  was 
organized  in  1833,  and  has  a  vigorous  mission  in 
India,  to  which  Rev.  Jeremiah  Pliillips  devoted  his 
life  (dying  in  1879),  and  now  reporting  six  stations 
and  a  training-school  for  native  preachers.  In  1834 
was  formed  tlioir  Home  Mission  Society,  in  which 
the  leader  has  been  the  ven(;rable  Rev.  Silas  Cur- 
tis, of  Concord,  N.  II.,  and  this  society  has  done 
efficient  woi-k  among  the  colored  people  6f  the 
South.  An  Education  Society  was  organized  in 
1840,  and  has  happily  fostered  learning  in  the  do- 
nomination,  so  that  it  now  claims  Hillsdale  Col- 
lege, Mich.,  and  Bates  College,  Me.,  with  theologi- 
cal schools  attached  ;  also  schools  at  PittsReld,  Me., 
New  Hampton,  N.  H.,  Rio  Grande,  0.,  Ridgeville, 
Ind.,  Milton  .Junction.  Iowa,  and  Stover  Normal 
School,  at  Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va.,  for  colored  stu- 
dents.    Their  periodical,    The  Muruimj   Shi>\   was 


started  in  1826,  published  at  Dover,  N.  H.  Wil- 
liam Burr  was  its  originator,  and  for  many  years 
its  able  editor.  It  is  issued  by  the  publishing 
house  of  the  denomination  and  managed  by  a  board 
of  thirteen  corporators.  Rev.  J.  M.  Brewster,  of 
Providence,  R.  I.,  is  the  author  of  the  "  History 
of  the  Free  Baptists  of  Rhode  Island  and  Vicinity." 
in  an  address  delivered  May  19, 1880,  and  pnlilished 
in  the  Centennial  Minutes;  also  of  the  "History 
of  the  Missions  of  the  Free-Will  Baptists,"  pub- 
lished during  their  centennial  year.  The  author  is 
now  one  of  the  leading  ministers  and  writers  of 
the  denomination,  and  to  him  ive  are  indebted  for 
the  material  of  this  sketch.  The  "  History  of  the 
Free-Will  Baptists  for  First  Half-Century"  was 
written  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Stewart,  and  published  in 
1861.  A  volume  entitled  "  Christian  Theology," 
giving  views  from  the  denominational  stand-point, 
was  issued  by  Rev.  .John  .J.  Butler  in  1862. 

French,  George  R.,  in  his  seventy-ninth  year, 
but  still  activi^  and  useful,  was  born  in  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  Jan.  24,  1802  ;  lived  in  Darien,  Ga.,  in  1819, 
and  settled  in  Wilmington,  N.  C,  in  1822 ;  was 
baptized  in  1827  by  R''v.  James  McDaniel ;  was 
the  leading  spirit  in  building  the  first  Baptist  meet- 
ing-house of  Wilmington,  and  next  to  Rev.  John 
L.  Prichard,  is  entitU'd  to  the  largest  measure  of 
credit  in  the  erection  of  the  present  edifice,  very 
much  the  handsomest  church  edifice  in  the  State. 
Mr.  French  is  a  very  successful  business  man  :  has 
been  director  and  president  of  the  Bank  of  Wil- 
mington, director  in  the  Bank  of  Cape  Fear,  in 
Wilmington  Gas  Company,  and  other  corporations. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
tlie  American  Sund.ay-School  Union. 

French,  Rev.  James,  was  born  -\pril  1,  1815, 
at  North  Hampton,  N.  II.  ;  son  of  Rev.  Jonathan 
French,  D.D.,  Congregational  minister  in  that  town 
over  fifty  years,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Jonathan 
French,  of  Andover,  Mass.  He  is  a  descendant  in 
the  eighth  generation  from  John  Alden  and  Pris- 
cilla  Mullens  of  "  Mayflower"  fame.  His  mother 
was  Rebecca  Farrar,  the  only  sister  of  Prof.  .John 
Farrar,  of  Harvard  University.  He  went  West  as 
a  teacher  in  1835,  became  a  Baptist  from  convic- 
tion while  preparing  for  the  ministry  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Church,  was  baptized  by  Rev.  John  L. 
Moore  at  Springfield,  0.,  and  ordained  at  Lima,  0. 
He  labored  as  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  then 
returned  to  New  England,  and  was  settled  as  pastor 
at  Exeter,  N.  II.,  and  afterwards  at  Ilolynko.  Mass., 
in  which  last-mentioned  place  the  first  Baptist 
house  of  worship  was  built  during  his  pastorate. 
Ho  has  since  for  nearly  twenty-five  years  been  con- 
nected with  the  Baptist  denominational  mission 
societies  in  the  ca])acity  of  finainial  agent  or  di.s- 


FHENCH 


418 


miSTOK 


trict  socrctiiry.  During  the  last  ten  jxars  he  liiis 
hihored  more  as  superintendent  of  our  Baptist  mis- 
sions on  the  frontier,  with  a  liolil  a  portion  of  liis 
time  extending  from   the  Mis^>issippi  River  to  tlic 


REV.  JAMES    FRENCH. 

Pacifii!  Ocean.  In  connection  with  tliis  work  lie 
had  charge  of  a  valual)le  tract  of  land  known  as 
the  "  Potter  legacy,''  in  and  around  Denver,  from 
which  he  realized  during  the  last  year  of  his  lahors 
West,  for  hoth  our  Foreign  and  Hume  Mission  So- 
cieties, some  S4.'),0(ll).  lie  was  called  to  superintend 
the  Philadelphia  Baptist  City  Mission,  which  call 
he  accepteil,  and  entered  u])on  his  new  missinnary 
work  in  Philadelphia  cm  the  1st  of  August,  181SI). 

French,  Judge  Richard,  a  distinguished  lawyer 
and  statesman,  was  Ijorn  in  Madison  Co.,  Ky.,June 
23,  1792.  He  was  the  son  of  James  French,  a  promi- 
nent citizen  among  the  first  settlers  of  Kentucky. 
Richard  French  was  odui^ated  at  Mount  Sterling, 
Montgomery  Co.,  Ky.  At  an  early  age  he  estah- 
lished  himself  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Winchester. 
In  1820  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
again  in  1822.  In  182S  he  was  appointed  circuit 
judge  of  his  district,  and  served  in  that  capacity  till 
1835,  when  he  resigned,  and  Avas  elected  to  a  seat 
in  Congress,  where  he  served  three  terms.  In  1840 
he  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  governor. 
After  this  he  served  two  terms  in  Congress.  In 
1850  he  removed  to  Covington,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine,  hut  his  health  failing  soon 
afterwards,  he  moved  to  the  country,  where  he  died, 
in  Kenton  Co.,  Ky.,  May  1,  18,54. 

Judge  French  was  a  man  of  great  purity  and  in- 


tegrity. Ho  united  with  a  Baptist  church  near  liis 
residence,  and  was  Vjaptized  in  1847,  by  his  early 
law  partner,  the  distinguished  Dr.  Dillard.  He 
left  three  sons,  who  are  members  of  Baptist 
churches,  two  of  whom  arc  prominent  lawyers  in 
Winchester,  and  have  served  as  judges  of  the 
County  Court. 

Frey,  Rev.  James,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Mifflin  Co., 
Pa.,  Jan.  10.  17'.i:!.  In  1822  he  removed  to  Ohio. 
He  was  baptized  in  Ma}-,  1823.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  work  of  the  ministry  by  the  Beulah  church. 
in  Muskingum  Co..  0.  His  field  of  labor,  until 
1803,  was  in  Central  Ohio,  doing  principally  pioneer 
work  and  preaching  to  feeble  churches.  In  1803 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  settled  near  Sigourney, 
where  he  spent  his  declining  years,  preaching,  as 
opportunity  opened,  until  the  close  of  his  life.  \\p 
died  Jan.  3,  1880. 

Frey,  Rev.  James,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  James  Frey, 
.^r.,  wao  born  in  Claj,  Knox  Co.,0.,  April  20,  1827. 
He  was  baptized  in  August,  1845.  After  com- 
pleting his  education  he  was  ordained  in  the  Hope- 
well church,  Muskingum  Co.,  O..  in  April,  1851. 
His  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Toniaka  church, 
commencing  in  April,  1851.  and  closing  in  August, 
1850.  He  then  came  to  Iowa  and  settled  in  Si- 
gourney. He  has  Ijcen  identified  with  the  Baptists 
of  Iowa  almost  from  their  first  settlement  in  the 
State.  Few  pastors  remain  in  it  who  were  there 
at  the  coinmt>nceinent  of  his  ministry.  He  is  still 
jiastcir  at  Sigourney. 

Friley,  Rev.  William  C,  State  evangelist  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  Louisiana  Baptist  Con- 
vention, was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1845:  gradu- 
ated at  Mississippi  College  in  1871  ;  was  pastor  at 
Yazoo  City,  Miss.,  three  years;  became  pastor  at 
Trenton,  La.,  in  1876,  and  the  year  following  or- 
ganized a  church  at  Monroe,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  Ouachita  River.  These  two  churches  greatly 
prospered  under  his  ministry,  and  they  surrendered 
him  reluctantly  to  his  present  work.  His  labors 
as  an  evangelist  have  been  eminently  successful. 

Fristoe,  Prof.  Edward  T.,   LL.D.,  son   of 

.lusejih  and  .MnrtlKi  Fristoe,  was  born  i]i  Rapjia- 
hanuock  Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  10,  1829.  He  received  his 
early  training  at  a  school  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  entered  the  Virginia  Mili- 
tary Institute,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1840 
with  the  highest  honors.  He  was  for  ten  years 
principal  of  an  academy  at  Surrey  Court-House, 
Va.  In  1S52  he  entered  tlie  University  of  Virginia, 
and  graduated  in  all  the  academic  schools  in  three 
years,  receiving  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  in 
1855.  While  at  the  university  he  excelled  es- 
pecially in  mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences. 
During  his  residence  there  he  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
J.  A.  Hroadus,  and  united  with  the  Charlottesville 
church.     In    1855,  while   yet   a   student,  he  was 


FRISTOE 


419 


FROST 


elected  to  tho  chair  of  Mathematics  in  the  Colum- 
bian College,  Washington,  D.  C,  which  p.isition  he 
held  with  great  acceptance  until  1860,  when  he  re- 
signed to  accept  the  chair  of  Mathematics  and  As- 


PROF.  EDHARI)    T.  FRISTOE,   LL.D. 

tronomy  in  the  State  University  of  Missouri.  While 
there  the  war  broke  nut.  and  Prof.  Fristoe  was 
offered  several  higli  positions  in  the  Confederate 
provisional  army  of  Missouri,  which,  however,  for 
the  time  being  he  declined.  In  1X02  he  left  the 
university,  and  was  appointed  assistant  adjutant- 
general  in  the  Con  federate  army  of  South  Missouri. 
In  1803  he  was  elected  major  of  a  battalion,  and 
soon  after  appointed  a  colonel  of  cavalry.  In  18G4  he 
joined  Gen.  Price  in  his  march  from  the  .Vrkansas  to 
the  Mi.ssouri  Kiver.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  in 
1805,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  in 
the  Columbian  College,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  In  1871  he  w;is  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Chemistry  in  the  National  Medical  College  of  the 
Columbian  University;  and  in  1872  lie  was  chosen 
lecturer  on  Chemistry  in  the  National  College  of 
Pharmacy,  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1872  he  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  William  Jewell  College, 
Mo.,  and  in  1874  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  (Doctor  of 
Pharmacy)  from  the  National  College  of  Pharmacy. 
Prof.  Fristoe,  owing  to  his  pressing  labors,  has  not 
published  anything  except  a  few  occasional  ad- 
dresses before  different  societies.  lie  is  an  active 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Washington, 
and  one  of  its  deaenns. 

Fristoe,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Stafford 
Co.,  Va.,  about  the  year   1742.     He  was  baptized 


by  the  Rev.  David  Thom;vs  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  and  being  apt  to  teach,  he  was  soon  ordained 
by  the  Chapawamsick  church,  of  which    he  was 
called  to  act  as  pastor,  after  he   hiul   obtained  a 
licen.se  from  the  legal  authorities.     His  labors  in 
the  church  were  very  successful,  and  large  num- 
bers  were    added    to   its    membership.      He   also 
traveled   extensively    through    Virginia,   and   was 
instrumental    in    forming    several    new   churches. 
He    attended    the    Buckmarsh    church    regularly 
once  a  month,  although  it  was  seventy  miles  dis- 
tant from  his  home.     Besides  Chapawamsick,  he 
supplied  several   churches    regularly, — Brentown, 
llartwood.  Grove,  and   Rockhill.     In   1787  he  re- 
moved to  Shenandoah  County,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  Broad  Run  church,  in  Fiiuf|uier  County,  which 
position  he  held  until  the  year  before  his  death. 
His  influence  was  large  among  his  fellow-ministers, 
and  his  practical  sagacity  and  experience  made  him 
prominent  at  all  public  meetings,  and  particularly 
at  the  Ketockton  Association,  the  first  formed  in 
Virginia.      Mr.  Fristoe  was  very  skillful   in    dis- 
cussions, which  were  often  forced  upon  our  pioneer 
ministers  in  Virginia,  and  impressive  in  preaching. 
He  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  Scriptures, 
as  were  all  the  ministers  of  that  time  :  his  language 
was  plain,  sti-ong,  and  nervous,  and   his  manner 
solemn,  always  speaking  as  one  having  authority. 
Some  of  the  most  prominent  preachers  of  Virginia 
acknowledged  him  as  their  spiritual  father,  —  Luns- 
ford,  Mason,  and  Hickerson  receiving  the  tidings 
of  peace   from   his   lips.      Mr.   Fristoe  was  inter- 
ested in  missions,  although  the  spirit  of  the  times 
was  generally  indifferent  or  hostile  to  their  prose- 
cution, urging  collections  at  different  Associations 
for  foreign  and  domestic  missions.     In  1809  he  pub- 
lished a  small  work,  entitled  "  The  History  of  the 
Ketockton  Baptist  As.sociation,"  which,  in  addition 
to  the  main  object,  refers  to  the  history  of  the  de- 
nomination throughout  Virginia,  and  especially  to 
the  persecutions  they  suffered,  and  the  sentiments 
for  which  they  were  distinguished.     The  work  con- 
tains many  interesting  facts.     He  died  Aug,   14, 
1828,  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  having  been  labori- 
ously and  successfully  engaged  in  the  work  of  the 
ministry  for  more  than  sixty  years.    One  who  knew 
him  well  has  said,  "  lie  was,  perhaps,  excelled  by 
no  man  in  the  State  in  point  of  Biblical  knowledge, 
and  for  pious  walk  and  unblemislied  character." 

Frost,  Adoniram  Judson,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Parishville,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1S37  :  converted  and 
baptined  at  eighteen ;  entered  the  St.  Lawrence 
Academy  at  Potsdam  at  twenty  :  at  twenty-four 
was  licensed  to  preach  ;  took  the  full  college  and 
theological  courses  at  Hamilton,  and  graduated 
with  high  honor  in  1867.  He  was  pastor  at  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.,  Bav  City,  Mich,,  and  of  the  University 
Place  church.  Chicago,  III.     In  1876  he  removed  to 


FROST 


420 


FULLER 


California  ;  was  three  years  pastor  at  San  Jos6,  and 
in  1879  took  charge  of  the  First  churcli  at  Sacra- 
mento. In  1<S7S  California  College  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Frost  has  a  coinniand- 
ing  presence  and  genial  countenance;  has  a  rich 
voice  and  magnetic  eloquence  :  he  instantly  fastens 
the  attention  of  his  hearers,  whether  as  preacher 
or  presiding  officer.  Ilis  broad  sympathies  give 
him  great  inlluence  over  men  ;  his  independence 
inspires  courage.  His  mind  is  vigorous,  analytical, 
strong,  lie  investigates  his  sulject  with  resolu- 
tion, pursues  it  to  the  end  with  fidelity,  and  forces 
conviction.  His  ministry  is  marked  with  great 
success  in  winningsouls  and  strengthening  churches. 
He  has  much  influence  among  his  brethren  in  all 
the  churches  of  California,  and  is  one  of  their 
most  influential  counselors  and  officers  in  Asso- 
ciational,  educational,  Sunday-school,  and  mission- 
ary organizations. 

Frost,  Rev.  James  Uadison,  a  devoted  and 
learned  minister  of  Jesus,  was  born  of  pious  Bap- 
tist parents,  in  Jessamine  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  2,  1813. 
In  his  eighth  year  his  parents  i-emoved  to  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  grew  up  to  maidiood.  Here 
he  was  baptized  by  Joseph  King,  an<l  joined  Car- 
tois  Baptist  church,  Sept.  11,  18.31.  Was  licensed 
to  preach  .July,  1832,  and  ordained  December,  1S33. 
Feeling  the  insufficiency  of  his  education,  he  en- 
tered Sliurtleff  College  in  1S34.  Here  he  re- 
mained three  years  in  the  literary  and  theological 
departments.  Two  of  his  classmates  were  the 
learned  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  now  of  Kentucky,  and 
Rev.  Noah  Flood,  late  of  Mis.souri.  On  leaving 
college,  Mr.  Frost  accepted  the  pastorate  of  Potosi 
church,  Washington  Co.,  Mo.  In  September, 
1838,  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  where  he  took 
charge  of  Mount  A'ernon  church,  in  Woodford 
County.  In  1840  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Frankfort.  His  health  failing,  he  removed  to 
Georgetown  in  1843,  and  became  financial  agent  of 
the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Kentucky.  In 
1846  he  took  charge  of  the  First  church,  in  Cov- 
ington. After  this  he  was  at  different  periods  pa.s- 
tor  at  Georgetown,  Cave  Run,  Xcw  Liberty,  Ilar- 
rodsburg,  Madison  Street  church,  in  Covington,  and 
South  Elkhorn,  all  in  Kentucky.  lie  died  in  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  May  24,  187(5.  Few  men  were  ever 
more  sincerely^  lamented.  His  son,  Rev.  J.  M. 
Frost,  Jr.,  now  of  Virginia,  is  a  brilliant  preacher 
and  author. 

Fryer,  Rev.  R.,  a  native  of  Bulloch  Co.,  Ga., 
was  born  in  18(X),  and  died  in  the  beginning  of 
1879;  was  baptized  in  1824  in  Bryan  Co.,  Ga.  He 
was  at  once  impressed  that  he  should  preach,  but 
he  rebelled,  and  moved  away  to  South  Georgia  to 
avoid  it.  Reaching  his  destination,  to  his  surprise 
the  report  had  gone  before  hini  that  he  was  a  min- 
ister, and  he  continued  his  journey  to  the  Territory 


of  Florida.  He  located  in  what  is  now  Hamilton 
County,  and  there  commenced  preaching,  and  was 
ordained  in  1833.  In  an  area  of  a  hundred  miles 
belabored  zealously  and  successfully  till  he  removed 
to  South  Florida,  in  1870. 

Mr.  Fryer  was  in  the  unhappy  controversy  be- 
tween the  missionary  and  anti-missionary  Baptists 
that  occurred  about  the  time  of  his  ordination,  and 
he  was  excluded  for  his  missionary  sentiments, 
lie  was  a  man  of  liberal  views,  and  in  full  sym- 
pathy will  all  progressive  measures  of  his  denomi- 
nation. He  had  great  influence,  for  his  mind  was 
strong,  his  life  blameless,  and  his  heart  large. 

Fryer,  Rev.  R.  C,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1821,  baptized  in  1837,  became  an  active  and  zeal- 
ous laborer,  and  on  removing  to  California,  was 
ordained  pastor  of  Kl  Monte  church  in  1854.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  pastor  at  Santa  Anna,  and  is  now 
pastor  at  Spadra.  He  is  a  ready  and  effective 
preacher,  and  his  home  is  one  of  the  most  hospi- 
table and  influential  in  Southern  California.  Yield- 
ing to  the  earnest  persuasion  of  friends,  he  entered 
the  State  Legislature  in  18G9,  and  served  in  that 
body  with  distinguished  ability  and  Christian  fidel- 
ity. 

Fuller,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  bom  in  Wicken, 
Cambridgeshire,  England,  Feb.  6,  1704.  When 
about  fourteen  years  of  age  he  first  became  the 
subject  of  religious  exercises.  This  question  arose 
in  his  mind,  AVliat  is  faith?  lie  could  not  answer 
it,  but  he  satisfied  himself  that  it  did  not  require 
an  immediate  response,  and  that  he  would  learn  in 
the  future  what  it  wiis.  Nevertheless  he  was  not 
as  indifi"erent  about  his  soul  as  in  former  times, 
and  occasionally  he  was  very  unhappy.  Once, 
with  some  ))oys  in  a  blacksmith's  shop,  while  they 
were  singing  foolish  songs,  the  words  addressed  to 
Elijah  seemed  to  pierce  his  soul, — What  doest  thou 
bore,  Elijah  ?  And  he  arose  and  left  his  compan- 
ions. 

He  Wiis  considerably  affected  at  times  by  reading 
Bunyan"s  "Grace  Abounding  to  the  Chief  of  Sin- 
ners'' and  his  "  Pilgrim's  Progress,''  and  once  he 
was  led  to  weep  bitterly  in  reading  Ralph  Erskine's 
"Gospel  Catechism  for  Young  Christians."  A  little 
later  he  was  deceived  by  an  imaginary  conversion, 
which  gave  him  great  joy  for  a  short  time.  But 
the  joy  departed  and  his  sins  returned,  and  for 
months  they  exercised  dominion  over  him  ;  then 
his  convictions  came  Ijack  and  filled  bis  soul  with 
misery  continually  ;  he  saw  that  God  would  l)e 
perfectly  just  in  sending  him  to  the  regions  of 
despair.  At  this  time  Job's  words  came  to  him, 
and  soon  created  the  same  resolution  in  him, 
"Though  he  slay  me  yet  will  I  trust  him;"  and 
the  words  of  Esther  intensified  his  purpose,  "  '  If  I 
perish,  I  perish,'  but  1  must  go  to  -Jesus  ;"  and 
driven  by  his  sins,  and  attracted  Ijy  the  redeeming 


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421 


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power  of  the  Liiiiib,  he  trusted  Clirist  for  the  full 
salvation  of  his  soul,  and  soon  his  guilt  and  fears 
were  removed. 

In  March,  1770,  he  saw  two  young  persons  bap- 


REV.  ANDREW    FULLER. 

tized.  He  had  never  witnessed  an  immersion  be- 
fore, and  it  made  such  an  impression  upon  him 
that  he  wept  like  a  child,  and  he  went  away  fully 
convinced  that  what  he  saw  was  the  solemn  ap- 
pointment of  the  royal  Saviour,  disobedience  to 
which  would  be  rebellion  in  him.  One  month  after 
this  baptism  he  was  immersed  himself  into  the 
membership  of  the  church  of  Soham. 

In  the  spring  of  177.5  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  of  Soham.  His  income  was  miserably 
small,  compelling  him  to  resort  to  some  secular 
pursuits  to  support  his  family.  In  October,  1782, 
he  removed  to  Kettering,  in  Northamptonshire, 
where  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  life.  It  gave  him 
the  greatest  distress  to  leave  the  church  of  Soham, 
and  nothing  but  a  firm  persuasion  that  he  was  fol- 
lowing the  will  of  (jod  would  have  ever  led  him  to 
Kettering. 

A  pamphlet  published  by  Jonathan  JMwards  on 
the  importance  of  general  union  in  prayer  for  the 
revival  of  true  religion,  led  to  a  series  of  prayer- 
meetings  among  the  ministers  of  "The  Northamp- 
tonshire Association"  for  this  special  purpose. 
Resolutions  were  passed  by  the  Association  at 
Nottingham,  and  at  subsequent  meetings  held  else- 
where, recommending  that  the  first  Monday  even- 
ing of  every  month  should  be  set  apart  for  prayer 
for  the  e.xtension  of  the  gospel.     It  is  with  some 


reason  believed  that  these  prayer-meetings  started 
that  missionary  tidal-wave  that  soon  rolled  over 
England  and  America,  the  surging  waters  from 
which  reached  India,  and  many  other  sections  of 
the  heathen  world.  At  a  meeting  held  in  Kettering 
on  the  2d  of  October,  1792,  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Society  was  formed,  and  the  first  collection  for  its 
treasury,  amounting  to  £13  2s.  Orf.,  was  taken  up. 
Mr.  Fuller  was  apiiointed  its  first  secretary,  and 
while  others  nobly  aided,  Andrew  Fuller  was  sub- 
stantially the  society  till  he  reached  the  realms  of 
glory.  Speaking  of  the  mission  to  India,  he  says, 
"  Our  undertaking  at  its  commencement  really  ap- 
peared to  me  to  be  somewhat  like  a  few  men  who 
were  deliberating  about  the  importance  of  pene- 
trating a  deep  mine  which  had  never  been  explored. 
We  had  no  one  to  guide  us,  and  while  we  were 
thus  deliberating,  Carey,  as  it  were,  said,  '  Well,  I 
will  go  down  if  you  will  hold  the  rope.'  But  be- 
fore he  went  down  he,  as  it  seemed  to  me,  took  an 
oath  from  each  of  us  at  the  mouth  of  the  pit  to 
this  effect,  '  that  while  we  lived  we  should  never  let 
go  the  rope.'  "  And  Mr.  Fuller  held  it  fast  till  his 
hand  fell  powerless  in  death.  lie  traveled  all  over 
England  very  many  times,  pleading  for  foreign 
missions;  five  times  he  journeyed  through  Scot- 
land on  the  same  errand  of  love ;  and  he  visited 
Ireland  once  to  advocate  the  cause  of  the  perishing. 
The  noblest  cause  that  stirred  up  Christian  hearts, 
the  cause  that  brought  the  Saviour  himself  from 
the  heavens,  found  in  Andrew  Fuller  its  grandest 
champion,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
human  being  was  the  first  foreign  missionary  so- 
ciety of  modern  times  indebted  for  its  protection 
in  infancy,  and  the  nurturing  influences  that  gave 
it  the  strength  of  a  vigorous  organization. 

His  literary  reputation  spread  all  over  his  own 
country,  and  his  name,  long  before  his  death,  was 
as  familiar  in  England  and  America  as  a  house- 
hold word.  All  denominations  read  his  writings 
with  profound  interest,  and  they  place  the  highest 
value  upon  them  still.  His  "Calvinistic  and  So- 
cinian  Systems  Examined  and  Compared,  as  to  their 
Moral  Tendency,"  and  '■  The  Gospel  its  own  Wit- 
ness: or,  the  Holy  and  Divine  Harmony  of  the  Chris- 
tian Religion  Contrasted  with  the  Immorality  and 
Absurdity  of  Deism."  are  works  worthy  of  the  great- 
est theologian  of  any  age,  and  long  since  they  have 
placed  their  author  beside  Dr.  John  Owen,  Dr.  John 
Gill,  and  John  Howe,  as  one  of  the  first  expounders 
of  the  Bible  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race.  "  The  Frank- 
lin of  theology,"  as  he  has  been  called.  Mr.  Fuller 
was  a  voluminous  writer;  and  his  works  have 
passed  through  several  editions.  Though  a  staunch 
Baptist  on  the  communion  question,  in  179S  Prince- 
ton College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.,  which  he  declined.  Yale  College,  under 
the  presidency  of  Timothy  Dwight,  followed  the 


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FULLER 


cxuiiiple  of  Prinoetoii  in  1805,  with  a  similar  dec- 
lination from  Mr.  Fuller. 

His  ileath,  on  .Miiy  7.  1815,  excited  a  jirofoiind 
sensation,  and  occasioned  general  grief.  Throngs  at- 
tended his  funeral, — Episcopalian,  Congregational, 
and  other  ministers  vied  with  Baptist  pastors  in 
doing  honor  to  his  memory.  His  church  erected  a 
beautiful  luonunient,  which  coiniucmorates  in  glow- 
ing words  their  exalted  ap|)rcciatiou  of  his  great 
worth. 

Mr.  Fuller  w;is  "  tall,  broad-shouldered,  and 
firmly  set.  The  hair  was  parted  in  the  middle,  the 
brow  square  and  of  fair  height,  the  eyes  deeply  set, 
overhung  with  large  bushy  eyebrows.  •  The  whole 
face  had  a  massive  expression."' 

He  had  great  decision  of  character ;  he  was 
usually  very  clear  in  his  views  of  any  subject  that 
had  occupied  his  attention.  He  was  a  natural  war- 
rior, ready  to  assail  the  foes  of  truth  in  every  direc- 
tion, but  this  characteristic  was  restrained  and 
regulated  by  a  heart  filled  with  supreme  love  to 
Jesus,  and  by  generous  affections. 

His  style  was  clear  as  a  sunbeam,  with  little 
effort  at  ornament.  His  arguments  were  commonly 
as  forcible  as  the  blow  of  a  sledge-hammer,  when 
delivered  with  all  the  power  of  a  strong  and  prac- 
tised hand.  He  was  one  of  the  few  Englishmen 
that  knew  how  to  use  the  Scottish  custom  of  exposi- 
tiiry  preaching,  and  in  this  mode  of  applying  the 
Word  of  God  to  men  Mr.  Fuller  attained  great  dis- 
tinction. 

In  general  his  theology  is  Calvinistic.  His  treat- 
ment of  several  of  "  the  doctrines  of  grace"  is  such 
as  to  afford  no  comfort  to  the  disciples  of  .James 
Arminius.  His  views  of  the  atonement,  however, 
were  innovations  to  the  English  IJaptists  of  his  daj', 
which  stirred  up  vigorous  opposition.  Dr.  Gill  was 
the  theological  teacher  of  one  section  of  his  denomi- 
nation, and  Mr.  Fuller  of  the  other.  Mr.  Fuller's 
doctrine  of  the  great  sacrifice  is  generally  received 
by  English  and  American  IJaptists,  though  there 
are  still  some  among  us  who  regard  Dr.  Gill,  in 
the  main,  as  approaching  nearer  to  Paul's  represen- 
tation of  the  nature  of  Christ's  glorious  propitia- 
tion than  the  profound  theologian  of  Kettering. 
These  brethren  agree  with  Mr.  Fuller  in  using  every 
Christian  effort  to  bring  sinners  to  Jesus,  and  to 
spread  the  gospel  throughout  the  whole  earth. 

Fuller's  views  of  substitution  and  imputation 
have  had  a  far  wider  influence  in  the  Presbyterian 
and  Congregational  denominations  than  the  kindred 
opinions  of  Richard  Baxter,  of  Kidderminster, 
conspicuous  as  their  author  and  his  doctrines  have 
been  for  more  than  two  centuries. 

Andrew  Fuller  was  one  of  nature's  noblemen, 
and  he  was  a  blameless  Christian  ;  his  life  was  emi- 
nently useful,  and  his  death  was  full  of  peace. 

Fuller,    Rev.    B.   S.,   was  born    at   Fitchburg. 


.Mass.,  Sept.  3,  1806.  He  was  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Eunice  Dodge  Fuller.  His  mother  was  the 
sister  of  Daniel  Dodge,  who  was  the  warm  friend 
of  Luther  Rice,  and  a  co-worker  with  him. 

He  was  converted  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and 
received  into  the  church  at  Holden,  Mass.,  of  which 
Elder  Walker  was  then  pastor.  Fmm  the  time  of 
his  union  with  the  church  he  was  active  and  zeal- 
ous. Soon  after  his  conversion  he  removed  to 
Boston,  and  labored  in  the  .South  Boston  Sunday- 
school,  which  only  numbered  about  eighty  at  the 
commencement,  but  at  the  close  of  his  labors  had 
increased  to  three  hundred. 

The  providence  of  (iod  prepared  the  way  for  his 
removal  to  Florida,  by  afflicting  him  severely  with 
asthma,  and  thus  rendered  it  necessary  for  him  to 
seek  a  milder  climate.  He  came  to  Florida  in  l."<o7. 
but  did  not  V>ring  his  family  till  he  had  remained 
two  years,  and  became  satisfied  to  live  in  the  State. 

While  Florida  was  j'et  a  Territory,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Concord  Baptist  church,  in  what 
is  now  Madison  County.  This  was  done  Jan.  15, 
1843.  He  was  at  once  requested  to  become  pastor 
of  the  Hickstown  church,  and  was  ordaineil  the  29th 
of  the  same  month  he  was  licensed.  Alexander 
Moseley,  Thomas  Lang,  R.  J.  Mays,  and  W.  B. 
Cooper  composed  the  Presbytery  that  ordained  him. 
He  was  several  years  pastor  of  the  church  at  Madi- 
son Court-House.  and  served  several  churches  in 
the  county  contiguous ;  Monticello,  the  county 
town  of  Jefferson  County,  was  his  last  pastorate. 

Elder  Fuller  served  the  Florida  Association  effi- 
ciently as  missionary  and  colporteur,  and  was  agent 
for  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society,  at 
Charleston,  S.  C.  As  pastor,  missionary,  and  agent, 
he  was  active  and  faithful,  and,  as  was  truly  said  V)y 
the  writer  of  an  obituary  notice  of  him,  "  He  sym- 
pathized with  every  laudable  effort  to  advance  the 
cause  of  Christ."  He  po.ssessed  good  natural  endow- 
ments; was  a  great  reader  and  student,  and  con- 
8e<iuently  was  a  strong  man  in  the  gospel  and  a 
popular  preacher. 

Though  coming  to  the  State  an  invalid,  with  not 
much  prospect  of  recovery,  and  but  little  idea  of 
preaching,  his  life  was  prolonged  to  nearly  the 
'•  threescore  and  ten"  allotted  to  man.  The  ill- 
ness that  terminated  his  life  was  protracted  and 
painful,  but  it  was  borne  with  much  submission, 
till  death  came  to  his  relief,  April  20,  1870,  at  his 
home  in  Monticello. 

By  a  consistent  life,  and  by  earnestly  speaking 
the  truth  in  love,  he  did  a  good  work  for  Christ 
and  his  beloved  denomination  in  what  is  properly 
termed  Middle  Florida. 

Fuller,  Rev.  Cyrenus  M.,  was  bom  in  Grafton, 
Vt.,  -March  24,  17'Jl.  His  early  childhood  and 
youth  were  spent  in  the  home  of  his  parents,  who 
were  Congregationalists,  and  he  received  his  early 


FULLER 


423 


FULLER 


rclijcious  education  in  connection  with  them.  From 
childhood  he  had  serious  impressions,  and  believed 
he  would  be  converted  and  preach  the  gospel.  In 
1810  he  obtained  an  assured  liope  in  Christ,  and  in 
1S1.3  he  was  baptized  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Grafton,  Vt.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1814,  and  ordained  in  IMS  by  the  Baptist  church  in 
Dorset,  Vt.  Previous  to  his  ordination  be  made  his 
first  journey  with  horse  and  carriage  to  Boston,  and 
preached  for  Dr.  Baldwin,  and  on  hi.s  return  he 
preached  for  Dr.  Stephen  Gano  in  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  I'rovidence,  R.  I.  He  was  pastor  at  Dor- 
set ten  years,  supplying  occasionally  the  churches 
in  Middletown  ami  .\rlington,  Vt.  In  1S:2C  he  made 
a  tour  among  the  churches  of  Vermont  and  New 
York  to  collect  funds  for  Hamilton  Literary  and 
Theological  Institution,  then  in  an  embarrassed 
state.  In  18:27  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Elbridge,  X.  1'.,  remaining  twelve  years, 
and  then  removed  to  Pike,  X.  Y.,  where  he  continued 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  four  years.  In  1843 
he  entered  the  service  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society',  and  held  this  position  until 
1861.  He  traveled  as  financial  agent  in  twenty-six 
States  of  the  Union,  and  extensively  in  the  British 
possessions, — in  all  about  120.000  miles.  He  canic 
to  Wisconsin  in  18.58,  where  he  died  in  Darien,  at 
the  home  of  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  E.  L.  Harris,  June 
G,  1865.  His  ministry  was  pre-eminently  useful. 
While  a  settled  pastor  he  baptized  about  1000 
persons  into  the  churches.  During  his  extensive 
travels  in  the  service  of  the  Home  Mission  Society, 
extending  throughout  eighteen  years,  his  labors 
were  very  valuable  to  that  society  as  well  as  to  the 
thousands  of  churches  which  he  visited.  He  did 
much  in  bringing  the  work  of  home  missions 
prominently  before  the  Baptist  denomination.  He 
was  highly  esteemed  among  the  ministers  and 
churches,  not  only  for  his  works'  sake,  but  also  for 
his  personal  virtues  and  purity  of  character. 

Fuller,  Richard,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Beaufort, 
S.  C,  in  April,  18U4.  His  early  education  was  con- 
ducted by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Brantly.  father  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  W.  T.  Brantly,  now  of  Baltimore.  In  1820 
he  entered  Harvard  University,  Mass.,  and  in  his 
class,  consisting  of  more  than  eighty,  stood  among 
the  first  for  proficiency  in  his  studies,  for  general 
culture,  and  for  skill  in  debate.  In  consequence 
of  ill  health  he  was  obliged  to  leave  Harvard 
while  still  in  the  Junior  year.  On  his  return  to 
Beaufort  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  legal  studies, 
and  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  became,  by 
his  talents,  diligence,  and  force  of  character,  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  and  successful  lawyers 
in  the  State.  While  thus  in  the  full  flush  of  pro- 
fessional distinction,  Beaufort  was  visited  by  the  cel- 
ebrated revivalist,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Barker.  During 
the  meetings  held  at  that  time,  and  which  were  of 


remarkable  interest  and  power,  some  of  the  most 
prominent  and  intellectual  indiviihials  of  the  place 
were  brought  to  a  consecration  of  themselves  to  the 
cause  of  Christ,  among  whom  were  Stephen  Elli- 


RICUARD    FILLER,   D.D. 

ott,  afterwards  bishop  of  Georgia,  and  Richard 
Fuller.  He  had  been  up  to  this  time  a  member 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  felt  it  to  be  his 
duty  to  give  himself  entirely  to  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry,  and  in  connection  with  the 
Baptist  denomination.  He  had  been  previously 
immersed  by  the  rector  of  the  Episcopal  church ; 
but  dating  his  real  conversion  from  the  influences 
of  this  revival  season,  and  thoroughly  convinced 
that  believers'  baptism  only  was  Scriptural,  he  was 
rebaptized  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wyer,  then  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  at  once 
entered,  with  all  the  glow  and  vigor  of  a  new  spir- 
itual life,  upon  the  congenial  work  of  preaching 
the  gospel.  He  was  soon  chosen  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Beaufort,  where  he  labored  for  sonic  fif- 
teen years,  during  which  time  the  church  was 
greatly  strengthened  in  membership,  character, 
and  influence.  Through  bis  efl'orts.  also,  a  hand- 
some new  church  edifice  was  built.  While  in  Beau- 
fort he  engaged  in  a  memorable  controversy  with 
Bishop  England,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  on  the  .'Scrip- 
tural principles  and  claims  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
hierarchy,  and  won,  from  all  who  read  the  able  and 
polished  arguments,  the  reputation  of  a  thoroughly 
equipiied  and  skillful  controversialist.  Then  came 
that  still  more  memorable  dialectic  contest  between 
himself  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wayland  on  the  subject 


FULLKli 


424 


FULLEli 


of  slavery,  in  the  conduct  of  which,  whalover  may 
be  thought  of  the  claims  of  the  friends  of  either  to 
a  decided  victory  in  the  issue  of  the  arj;umcnt, 
there  was  such  a  uniform  display  of  courtesy,  kind- 
ness, and  Christian  manliness  as  is  rarely  witnessed 
in  the  discussion  of  such  exciting  questions.  In 
the  midst  of  these  labors  Dr.  Fuller,  in  consequence 
of  ill  health,  was  obliged  to  suspend  his  pastoral 
labors,  and,  guided  by  tlie  advice  of  his  physician 
and  friends,  he,  in  the  yar  1836,  made  a  visit  to 
Europe.  On  his  return  he  gave  himself,  with  in- 
creased zeal  and  energy,  to  the  one  great  work  of 
his  life, — preaching  the  gospel.  His  reputation  had 
now  lieoome  national,  and  many  prominentchurchcs 
in  different  parts  of  the  country  were  anxious  to 
secure  his  services.  In  1846  he  received  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  become  pastor  in  Baltimore,  where 
the  remainder  of  his  life  was  spent  in  pastoral 
duties.  One  of  the  conditions  of  his  removing  to 
Baltimore  was  that  a  new  church  edifice  should  be 
built,  and  accordingly  a  house  of  worship  was 
erected  on  Paca  and  Saratoga  Streets,  where 
thronged  congregations  listened  for  so  many  years 
to  his  eloquent  and  impressive  preaching,  and 
where  such  large  numbers  were  added  to  the  church. 
After  years  of  eminent  success  here,  and  partially 
in  consequence  of  the  very  large  number  of  mem- 
bers, a  new  enterprise  was  started,  which  resulted 
in  the  building  of  the  beautiful  house  of  worship 
at  Eutaw  Place,  and  the  establishment  of  a  strong 
church  there.  The  same  eminent  success  charac- 
terized his  labors  in  this  new  field  that  had  crowned 
his  efforts  in  the  old,  and  here,  still  apostle-like, 
doing  "this  one  thing,"  he  closed  his  useful  life. 
Thorough  Baptist  as  Dr.  Fuller  was  in  every  fibre 
of  his  nature,  his  influence  for  good  was  felt  through 
the  entire  Christian  community,  and  his  labors 
were  abundant  in  all  departments  of  Christian  be- 
neficence. No  pastor  in  the  denomination  was 
more  highly  esteemed  by  the  representative  men  of 
other  churches  than  he,  and  none  was  more  fre- 
quently urged  to  lend  the  influence  of  his  name  and 
counsel  to  those  larger  and  more  comprehensive 
benevolent  organizations  which  embrace  within 
their  scope  great  communities  and  groups  of 
churches.  Though  a  slave-holder  like  Whitefield, 
he  was  a  devoted  master,  as  he  lived  among  ser- 
vants for  whose  religious  and  physical  welfare  he 
made  the  most  ample  provision,  and  who  were 
strongly  attached  to  him.  Dr.  Fuller  died  in  Balti- 
more, Oct.  20,  1S70,  in  the  triumph  of  that  faith 
which  he  had  so  earnestly  and  unremittingly 
preached  through  a  remarkable  and  blessed  min- 
istry. 

Dr.  Fuller  as  a  preacher  had  but  few  peers. 
Gifted  with  a  rare,  manly,  and  commanding  pres- 
ence ;  free  in  every  movement  from  those  restraints 
fatal  to  the  orator,  which  necessarily  arise  from  the 


use  of  manuscript ;  with  a  legal  acumen  that  dis- 
criminated between  the  delicate  shades  of  correlated 
yet  of  pregnant  truths :  with  an  imagination  that 
embodied  in  forms  of  living  beauty  the  personages, 
and  places,  and  deeds  of  the  far-off  times  and  lands 
of  the  Saviour's  earthly  labors ;  and  a  voice  whose 
tones  could  thrill  the  soul  with  heroic  resolutions 
or  melt  it  into  tender  pity, — be  has  taken  his  ])l.ace 
among  the  few  great  pulpit  orators  who.*e  names 
are  embalmed  in  the  memories  of  men.  As  a 
writer,  too,  Dr.  Fuller  had  his  excellencies.  His 
style  was  tinctured  by  the  influences  of  the  past 
rather  than  by  those  of  the  present.  The  tendency 
of  eminent  living  clergymen  is  to  a  scientific  in- 
stead of  a  classical  style, — scientific  in  form,  in 
phraseology,  and  in  illustration  ;  whereas  the  style 
of  Dr.  Fuller's  writings  was  saturated  with  the 
classic  spirit,  as  seen  in  the  well-balanced  structure 
of  his  sentences,  as  well  as  in  the  affluence  of  his 
illustrations  and  allusions.  The  ennobling  thoughts 
of  the  old  Greek  and  Roman  poets,  historians,  and 
orators,  rather  than  the  uncongenial  dogmas  of  the 
present  guiding  lights  of  the  scientific  world,  pul^ 
sate  through  all  his  sentences;  and  he  has  left  us, 
in  some  of  the  latest  articles  he  penned,  examples 
of  that  chaste,  symmetrical,  and  statue-like  style 
of  which  Everett  and  Legare  were  such  masters, 
but  which  is  rapidly  fading  into  an  accomplishment 
peculiar  to  the  past. 

Fuller,  R.  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Beaufort, 
S.  C,  Nov.  27,  1824,  and  died  in  Atlanta,  Ga., 
June  10,  1880.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Dr.  Richard 
Fuller,  from  whom  he  received  his  theological 
training,  at  Beaufort,  S.  C.  He  came  to  Georgia  to 
assume  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  At- 
lanta, but  failing  health  caused  his  resignation. 
Consumption  had  fastened  its  fangs  upon  his  vital 
organs.  For  years  he  acted  as  the  successful  agent 
for  the  Georgia  Baptist  Orphans'  Home,  and  for 
Mercer  University.  But  feebleness  finally  forced 
him  to  retire  from  all  labor,  and  he  gradiuilly  de- 
clined until  the  summer  of  1880,  when  he  peace- 
fully fell  asleep  in  Jesus. 

Dr.  Fuller  was  an  exceedingly  amiable  and  com- 
panionable man,  full  of  humor  and  genial  pleasantry, 
lie  had  a  superior  education,  a  trained  intellect,  and 
strong  mental  powers.  There  was  perhaps  no 
abler  preacher  in  the  State,  aside  from  mere  de- 
livery. His  language  was  very  choice ;  his  thoughts 
were  vigorous  and  clearly  expressed  ;  his  logic 
good,  and  his  spirit  most  devout.  His  piety  was 
undoubted,  and  he  commanded  not  only  the  respect 
and  esteem,  but  the  love  of  all. 

Fuller,  Rev.  S.  J.,  an  aged,  but  still  active  min- 
ister in  Logan  Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in 
ISltJ;  in  1849  he  settled  in  Claiborne  Parish,  La., 
where  he  began  to  preach  shortly  afterwards.  He 
labored  in  Louisiana  fifteen  or  sixteen  years,  pre- 


FVLTON 


425 


FURMAN 


siding  seven  or  eight  years  as  moderator  of  Concord 
(Louisiana)  Association.  lie  then  removed  to  Ar- 
kansas, and  af'tur  tliree  years  settled  in  his  present 
field,  where  he  has  since  labored,  lie  soon  gath- 
ered churches  around  him,  and  organized  theiu 
into  an  Association,  which  ho  named  Concord,  of 
which  lie  was  moderator  until  compelled  by  tlie  in- 
lirniities  of  age  to  decline  re-election.  He  has  ac- 
coinplislied  great  good  as  a  pioneer. 

Fulton,  Rev.  Joh.n,  was  burn  in  Henderson, 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  seventeen  years  of  age 
he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Jacob  Knapp.  He  grad- 
uated at  Hamilton  in  1843.  He  was  ordained  at 
Rensselaerville,  Albany  Co.,  >>'.  Y.,  in  1844,  and 
remained  there  three  years.  He  served  the  church 
in  Leesville,  Schoharie  Co.,  four  years,  and  the 
First  Cazenovia  church  nearly  nine  years.  In 
18.')9  he  came  to  Iowa,  under  appointment  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  at  Independence,  Buchanan 
Co.,  just  organized  with  eleven  members.  He  built 
the  first  Baptist  meeting-house  in  the  countj',  anil 
the  fii-st  erected  by  Baptists  on  the  direct  line  from 
Dubuque  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  He  remained 
on  this  field  ten  years,  during  which  he  built  three 
meeting-houses,— one  at  Independence,  one  atQuas- 
queton,  and  one  at  Winthrop  ;  and  he  secured  a  lot 
and  made  arrangements  for  the  fourth  at  Jessup. 
From  Independence  he  went  to  Belvidere,  III.,  and 
remained  there  as  pastor  for  eight  years.  Then  he 
returned  to  Iowa  as  pastor  at  Winterset,  still  untir- 
ing in  his  labors.  Since  Jan.  1,  1880,  he  has  been 
the  pastor  of  the  Olivet  church.  Cedar  Rapids.  lie 
has  been  greatly  blessed  in  working  for  the  Master. 

Fulton,  Rev.  John  I.,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
Sept.  23,  17'J8  ;  came  to  New  York  in  1802  ;  was 
converted  early  in  life  and  joined  the  church  of 
North-East,  Dutchess  Co.  ;  entered  Hamilton  in 
1822;  in  1824  was  ordained  pastor  of  Sherburne. 
He  was  pastor  subsequently  in  Vernon,  Meiidon, 
and  Stillwater,  N.  Y.,  and  in  several  places  in 
Michigan.  He  died  in  Tecumseh,  Mich.,  Nov.  10, 
1.S67.  He  was  an  able  jireaeher  and  an  exemplary 
Christian  ;  one  of  his  sons,  Justin  D.  Fulton,  D.D., 
is  known  throughout  the  United  States. 

Fulton,  Justin  D.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Sherburne, 
N.  Y.,  March  1,  1828.  He  graduated  at  Rochester 
University  in  1851,  and  pursued  a  theological  course 
in  the  Rochester  Seminary  until  June,  18u3.  At  this 
date  he  was  invited  to  St.  Louis  to  edit  the  Gosjicl 
Banner,  a  paper  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Bible 
revision,  and  meantime  to  .serve  as  pastor  of  one 
of  the  city  churches,  to  which  work  he  was  or- 
dained. In  the  fall  of  185.')  he  resigned  both  of 
these  positions,  and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Sandusky,  O.,  which  was  greatly  pros- 
pered under  his  ministry.  In  18.i9  he  was  solicited 
by  two  brethren,  of  whom  George  Dawson,  of  the 
28 


Albany  Evening  Journal,  was  one,  to  assist  in  found- 
ing a  new  church.  He  accepted  the  call,  and  the 
result  was  the  Tabernacle  church  of  Albany,  which 
soon  became  a  power  in  that  city.  In  1803,  Mr. 
Fulton  became  pastor  of  the  Tremont  Temple, 
Boston.  His  work  liere  was  so  prospered  that  in 
a  short  time  the  spacious  edifice  was  filled  with  at- 
tentive congregations.  Here  he  labored  for  nine 
years,  and  built  up  a  church  of  1000  members, 
and  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  America. 
In  1872  he  removed  to  the  Hanson  Place  Baptist 
church,  in  Brooklyn.  In  1876  the  remnant  of  the 
Clinton  Avenue  church,  of  the  same  city,  which  had 
been  struggling  under  financial  embarrassments, 
invited  Dr.  Fulton  to  become  their  pastor.  Mem- 
bers from  other  churches  united  with  this  interest, 
and  a  now  church  was  furmed,  called  tlie  Centen- 
nial Baptist  church.  Here  he  still  labors  with  his 
usual  success,  and  the  small  band  has  increased 
manifold.  Dr.  Fulton  is  a  prolific  writer  ;  the  fol- 
lowing works  have  proceeded  from  liis  pen  :  "  The 
Roman  Catholic  Element  in  American  History,'' 
'■  Rome  in  America,'"  "  The  Way  Out.''  "  Show 
your  Colors,"  "  Woui.an  as  God  Made  Her,"  and 
■■  Life  of  Timothy  Gilbert.''  The  University  of 
Rochester  conferred  the  degree  of  D.D.  upon  Mr. 
Fulton  in  1871.  Dr.  Fulton  has  great  and  varied 
al)ility.  and  unbounded  energy. 

Fuqua,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1822,  in 
Fluvanna  Co.,  Va.  He  was  converted  when  eight- 
een years  of  age,  and  ordained  in  Buckland  Baptist 
church,  Tenn.,  in  December,  1851.  He  died  Dec. 
12,  1877.  AVas  pastor  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. ;  at 
Concord,  and  at  Brush  Creek.  He  was  a  mission- 
ary in  the  St  Louis  Association  for  some  time.  He 
had  a  good  mind  and  fair  attainments.  He  was 
firm,  cheerful,  candid,  cordial,  and  was  very  useful 
as  a  minister. 

Furman,  J.  C,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Dec.  5,  1809.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Charleston  College.  In  1828  he  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Manly.  He  then  renounced  the  study  of  med- 
icine for  the  ministry  of  the  Word.  He  rendered 
efBcient  service  in  the  great  revivals  in  Edgefield, 
Beaufort,  and  Robertsville.  During  these  meetings 
R.  Furman,  D.D.,  George  Kempton,  D.D.,  and 
Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  were  converted. 

For  several  years  he  was  pastor  at  Society  Hill, 
one  of  the  most  refined  communities  in  the  State. 
At  the  earnest  request  of  the  Second  church  in 
Charleston  he  accepted  a  call  as  its  pastor.  But  as 
the  church  at  Society  Hill  resolved  to  renew  their 
call  annually,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  return  to  them. 

In  1843  he  entered  upon  a  professorship  in  Fur- 
man Theological  Institution,  then  offered  to  him 
a  second  time.  In  concert  with  Profs.  Mims  and 
Edwards  he  elaborated  a  plan  for  a  broader  system 
of  education,  which  resulted  in  the  establishmeot 


FURMAK 


426 


FURMAK 


of  the  Fiirman  University,  of  which  he  }ias  long 
been  president.  He  was  for  many  years  moderator 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention. 

During  his  whole  connection  with  the  university 


J.  C.  FUIt.MA\,  D.D. 

he  has  never  neglected  the  ministry.  lie  was  pas- 
tor of  the  Greenville  church  at  one  time  for  two 
years,  and  at  another  for  three  and  a  half.  Each 
resignation  was  tendered  because  he  thought  the 
church  needed  the  entire  time  of  n  pastor.  lie  is 
a  son  of  Dr.  Richard  Furman,  of  Uevolutionary 
fame.  lie  has  a  fine  intellect,  bvaad  culture,  fer- 
vent piety,  the  love  of  all  that  know  him,  and  a 
life  fruitful  in  gond  works  and  influences. 

Furman,  Richard,  Sr.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New 
York  in  IT-^o.  His  father  removed  to  South  Caro- 
lina while  his  son  was  an  infant.  Before  he  could 
hold  the  family  Bible  he  would  lay  it  on  a  stool  and 
ask  to  be  taught  to  read  it,  and  as  soon  as  he  ac- 
quired the  art,  reading  it  was  his  chief  delight. 
His  education  was  almost  entirely  at  home.  When 
about  seven  years  old  he  memorized,  merely  by 
reading,  most  of  the  First  Book  of  the  '"  Iliad,"' 
which  he  retained  perfectly  in  middle  life.  In  a 
short  period  at  school  having  learned  the  rudiments 
of  Latin  grammar,  he  became  quite  a  proficient  in 
that  language,  and  acquired  a  respectable  knowl- 
edge of  Greek  and  Hebrew. 

He  was  baptized  in  his  sixteenth  year,  and  at 
once  he  began  the  work  of  instructing  his  father's 
servants.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  what 
would  now  be  called  a  Bible-class,  and  pre.sently 
began  to  speak  more  publicly  of  the  way  of  life. 


Crowds  flocked  to  hear  the  boy  preacher,  and  his 
precocious  intellect  and  profound  piety  produced  a 
deep  impression  on  those  who  heard  him.  In  his 
nineteenth  year  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
High  Hills  church.  The  sheriff"  once  refu.sed  to 
allow  him  to  preach  in  the  court-house  at  Camden 
because  he  was  not  a  minister  of  the  Established 
(Episcopal)  Church.  Having  preached  in  the  open 
air,  tlie  court-house  was  ever  after  freely  oB"ered 
him.  About  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  a 
meeting  of  ministers  and  laymen  of  different  de- 
nominations met  at  High  Hills  to  concert  measures 
to  remove  the  odious  discrimination  restricting  all 
offices  to  members  of  the  Establishment.  Here  as 
everywhere  the  Baptists  have  led  in  the  contest  for 
religious  freedom.  So  conspicuous  was  Dr.  Furman 
from  the  commencement  of  the  war,  that  Lord 
Cornwallis  off'ered  a  large  reward  for  his  apprehen- 
sion. H(!  spent  a  part  of  the  time  of  the  war  in 
Virginia,  where  Patrick  Henry  and  family  were 
regular  attendants  on  his  ministry.  Mr.  Henry 
presented  him  with  a  work  on  rhetoric  and 
A\'ard"s  "Oratory,"  which  are  heir-looms  of  the 
family.  After  the  war  he  returneii  to  his  church  at 
High  Hills.  He  was  one  of  the  most  active  and  in- 
fluential patriots  throughout  the  Uevolutionary  war. 
In  17S7  he  became  ])astor  of  the  First  church  in 
Charleston.    He  found  it  enfeebled  by  the  war.    He 


RlCU.vnil    FIRMAX.  SR.,  D.D. 


left  it,  after  thirty-seven  years,  strong  and  united. 
Never  was  minister  more  loved  and  venerated,  not 
merely  by  his  church,  but  by  the  whole  city. 
He  was  unanimously  elected  the  first  president 


FURMAN 


427 


FURMAN 


of  the  Triennial  Convention  in  1814.  At  this 
meeting  he  earnestly  advocated  the  formation  of 
an  institution  at  Washington  to  educate  young  men 
for  the  ministry.  At  this  time  he  gave  a  powerful 
impulse  to  the  convictions  from  which  have  sprung 
Furman  University,  in  South  Carolina,  .Mercer,  in 
Georgia,  Hamilton,  in  New  York,  and  finally  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that  formed 
the  first  constitution  of  South  Carolina,  and  he 
strongly  ojiposed  the  provision  excluiling  ministers 
from  certain  offices.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
Baptist  State  Convention  for  several  years. 

He  closed  his  long  and  eminently  useful  life  in 


1  Farmaii  University,  which  has  now  (ISSO) 
been  in  operation  about  thirty  years  in  Greenville, 
S.  C,  was  founded  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State.  It 
is  the  expansion  of  a  semitmry  which  had  pre- 
viously existed  elsewhere,  and  which,  under  the 
name  of  Furman  Theological  Institution,  was  de- 
signed for  the  education  of  ministers.  Kmliracing 
a  theological,  a  collegiate,  and  an  academical  de- 
partment, and  contemplating  a  subsequent  depart- 
ment of  law,  the  establishment  was  chartered  with 
its  present  title. 

When  it  became  expedient  to  provide  a  theo- 
logical institution  for  the  South,  the  Baptists  of 
South  Carolina  made  the  largest  offer  for  its  set- 


FURM.\N    UNIVERSITV. 


August,  1S2.1.  Probably  no  minister  of  any  de- 
nomination has  ever  exerted  a  wider,  more  varied, 
or  more  beneficent  influence. 

Furman,  Samuel,  D.D. — "  In  this  very  name 
•wc  are  taught  to  honor  the  deceased,  although  we 
may  have  been  strangers  to  his  face  on  earth.  Dr. 
Furman's  life  was  long  and  faithful.  God  allowed 
his  suTi  to  travel  from  horizon  to  horizon,  lie  died 
only  when  his  work  was  done.  He  was  a  man  of 
broad  learning,  deep  piety,  and  of  unparalleled 
reverence  for  his  Master.  Ilis  memory  lies  em- 
balmed in  the  hearts  of  many  who  knew  him,  far 
and  near.  For  almost  two  years  before  Brother 
Furman's  death  he  was  confined  to  his  bed,  an<l 
during  a  part  of  this  time  his  suffering  was  great. 
He  fell  asleep  peacefully  on  the  19th  of  March, 
1877.  Ilis  remains  now  rest  in  the  grave-yard  con- 
neeteii  with  the  Sumter  church." 


tlement  within  their  borders,  proposing  to  give 
SIOD.OOO  to  the  enterprise,  on  the  condition  of  an 
equal  sum  being  raised  by  the  other  Southern 
States  together.  Their  proposal  was  accepted,  and 
this  necessitated  the  withdrawal  of  the  theological 
funds  of  the  university  and  the  closing  of  this  de- 
partment. Just  before  the  war  arrangements 
were  on  foot  for  opening  the  law  department, 
Hon.  B.  F.  Perry  and  C.  J.  Elford,  Esq.,  having 
been  appointed  as  lecturers.  This  purpose  was 
put  into  abeyance  by  the  war  ;  the  collegiate  classes 
were  broken  up,  and  instruction  was  given  only  to 
such  as  were  too  young  to  hear  arms. 

When  the  havoc  of  war  was  over,  amid  all  the 
discouragements  arising  from  the  fearful  destruc- 
tion of  capital,  the  confused  arrangements  of  .social 
life,  the  loss  of  employment,  and  the  difficulty  of 
getting  from  one  place  to  another,  railroads  having 


FOR  MAN 


428 


FYFE 


been  broken  up,  and  mules  and  horses  and  convey- 
ances destroyed,  it  was  yet  determined  to  keep 
witliin  the  reach  of  the  young  people  the  advan- 
ta-jes  of  education.  A  few  earnest-minded  men  con- 
vening at  the  time  of  the  regular  meeting  of  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  the  State,  encouraged  the 
professors  to  open  tlio  doors  and  resume  the  work 
of  instruction.     This  was  accordingly  done. 

The  university  owns  a  valuable  site  of  about 
forty  acres  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Green- 
ville, one  of  the  most  beautiful  locations  for  a  semi- 
nary of  learning  to  be  seen  anywhere,  proverbial 
for  its  hoaltlifulness,  on  the  skirt  of  the  mountains, 
accessible  Ijy  different  railroads.  Its  buildings  are 
not  spacious,  but  ample  for  all  present  purposes. 
They  are  from  the  design  of  a  gifted  architect,  and 
are  in  exceedingly  good  taste.  The  students  board  in 
the  families  of  the  city,  and  thus  are  saved  from  the 
vitiating  influences  to  which  young  men  thronging 
together  in  "commons"  and  in  college  dormitories 
are  more  or  less  exposed. 

Furman  University  has  had  a  history  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century  without  a  rebellion,  or 
an  approach  to  rebellion.  The  students  have 
achieved  an  honorable  reputation  for  good  order 
and  gentlemanly  deportment.  Their  coming  is 
welcomed  by  the  citizens  of  Greenville,  and  their 
iloparture  regretted. 

The  support  of  the  institution  has  been  derived 
in  part  from  vested  funds,  but  mainly  from  tuition. 
The  investments  bearing  interest  were  almostwholly 
destroyed  by  the  war.  Since  that  time  bonds  pay- 
able in  a  short  series  of  years  wvxe  procured  ;  they 
entitled  the  bondsmen  to  the  privilege  of  tuition. 
Then  it  was  proposed  to  raise  a  permanent  endow- 
ment of  $2()0,0tX),  the  interest  only  to  be  used  in 
supporting  the  professors,  with  free  tuition  for  ten 
yi'urs.  This  was  to  be  done  by  procuring  bonds  to 
be  paid  in  five  annual  installments  with  interest. 
The  bonds  were  procured,  but  unpropitious  agri- 
cultural seasons,  the  fall  in  the  price  of  cotton,  and 
the  general  stringency  in  money  matters  up  to  a 
recent  period,  have  made  payments  very  slow.  As 
a  consequence  the  number  of  instructors,  which 
ought  to  be  six  or  seven,  is  only  five.  The  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Reynolds,  Professor 
of  Roman  and  English  Literature,  has  not  been 
filled,  his  duties  being  divided  between  two  other 
]irofessors. 

The  course  of  studies  is  equal  to  that  commonly 
pursued  in  colleges  of  the  best  reputation.  Gradu- 
ation is  awarded  to  success  in  closely  written  ex- 
aminations. 

Tlie  faculty  are  Rev.  J.  C.  Furman,  D.D.,  Chair- 
man, and  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral 
Philosophy,  Logic,  and  Rhetoric ;  C.  II.  Judson, 
Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Mechanical  Philoso- 
phy ;  D.  T.  Smith,  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages ; 


J.  y\.  Harris,  I'rofessor  of  Natural  Philosophy  and 
Chemistry.  There  were  eighty-six  students  in 
1879-80. 

Fyfe,  Robert  A.,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  St.  Andr6, 
near  IMontreal.  Canada,  Oct.  20,  1816.    He  was  oc- 


ROBERT    A.  FYFE,  D.D. 

cupied  with  business  avocations  from  his  youth 
until  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age.  Ills  hopeful 
conversion  occurred  at  aliout  this  time,  when,  under 
the  impulse  of  his  new  love  to  Christ,  he  resolved 
to  obtain  an  education  and  enter  upon  the  work 
of  the  Christian  ministry.  He  entered  Madison 
University  with  the  intention  of  taking  the  full 
course  of  study  in  that  institution,  but  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  leave.  His  subsequent  studies 
were  pursued  at  the  Worcester  Academy,  and  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  where  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1842,  and  at  once  he  was 
ordained  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  Aug.  25,  1842,  enter- 
ing immediately  on  his  ministerial  labors,  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Perth,  Canada.  Here  he 
remained  until  the  close  of  1843.  when  he  took 
charge  of  the  Montreal  Baptist  College  for  one  year, 
the  arrangement  being  a  temporary  one.  He  then 
became  pastor  of  the  March  Street  church  in  'I'o- 
ronto,  Canada,  where  he  remained  until  1848,  when 
he  returned  to  the  churcli  in  Perth,  and  was  its 
pastor  for  one  year.  From  Perth  he  went  to 
AVarren,  R.  I.,  and  was  the  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place  for  four  years.  The  next  two  years  he 
was  pastor  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  the  next  five 
years — 18o5-G0 — he  had  charge  of  the  Bond  Street 
church,  Toronto,  at  the  end  of  which   time  he  ac- 


GADfSBV 


429 


GADSBY 


cepted  an  appoiiitiiient  as  principal  of  the  Literary 
Institute  at  Woodstock,  Canada.  It  was  an  ardu- 
ous undertaking,  and  it  was  only  by  the  exercise  of 
patience  and  rare  executive  abilities  that  the  enter- 
prise was  carried  on  until  it  reached  results  which 
rewanled  the  labor  and  the  sacrifice  of  its  friends. 
"Never  was  man  more  devoted  to  his  work  ;  never 
was  work  done  by  a  truer  man.  He  has  laid  the 
Baptists  of  the  British  provinces  under  vast  obli- 
};ation,  and  his  memorial  can  never  perish  while 
veneration  and  jrratitude  live  in  human  hearts."  ■ 


But  it  was  not  merely  what  Dr.  Fyfe  did  as  the 
head  of  an  important  institution  of  learning  that 
made  his  influence  to  be  so  extensively  felt  in  the 
provinces.  Home  and  foreign  missions,  and  the 
cause  of  ministerial  education,  found  in  him  a 
warm  frieml.  Everything  connected  with  tlie  pros- 
perity of  the  denomination  he  so  much  loved  was 
an  object  of  interest  to  him.  From  the  midst  of 
his  labors  he  was  suddenly  called  to  his  reward. 
After  an  illness  of  Ijut  a  day  or  two  he  died  at 
Woodstock,  Sept.  4,  1878. 


G. 


Gadsby,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  Attlel)or- 
ough,  England,  in  January,  1773.  In  early  life  he 
was  remarkable  for  "  frolic  and  mischief,"  and  he 
was.the  undisputed  leader  of  his  companions.  He 
found  the  Saviours  pardoning  love  before  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  ago,  when  in  raptures  of  joy  he 
could  say,  "  He  loved  me,  he  gave  himself  for  me." 
His  first  attempt  to  address  the  throne  of  grace  in 
a  prayer-meeting  made  him  "  tremble  from  head  to 
foot,"  and  feel  so  miserably  ashamed  of  himself 
that  he  concluded  he  would  never  jiray  in  public 
again.  He  was  brought  up  among  the  Congrega- 
tionalists,  whose  fellowship  he  left,  and  was  bap- 
tized at  Coventry  in  1793.  Mr.  Gadsby  was  or- 
dained at  Desford,  July  30,  1800.  His  first  settle- 
ment was  at  Hinckley,  where  he  remained  till  1805, 
when  he  removed  to  Manchester.  In  that  city  he 
continueil  till  his  death,  .Jan.  27,  1844. 

Mr.  Gadsby  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
preachei's  of  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury. His  pulpit  eccentricities  exceeded  those  of 
Rowland  Hill,  and  his  fame  was  as  well  known  in 
his  own  country.  He  liad  a  more  original  and 
powerful  mind  than  Hill,  and  hi.s  genius  was  of  the 
same  order.  Under  his  sermons  very  remarkable 
conversions  occurred,  and  a  great  many  of  them. 
Numbers  of  persons  entered  his  meeting-house 
with  enmity  to  him  and  his  doctrines,  and  went 
away  rejoicing  in  his  Master  and  full  of  affection 
for  himself. 

He  believed  that  the  children  of  God  were  not 
under  the  law,  as  a  rule  of  life,  hut  under  the  pre- 
cepts of  the  gospel ;  for  this  he  was  branded  as  an 
Antinomian,  as  if  the  commandments  of  Christ  did 
not  embrace  all  that  was  moral  in  the  law.  He 
continually  denounced  "  free-will,"  and  in  its  stead 
he  upheld  sovereign  grace.     At  a  meeting  of  Dis- 


senting ministers  in  Manchester  during  his  pas- 
torate there,  it  was  resolved  that  the  best  method 
to  further  the  gospel  was  "  to  preach  in  away  that 
the  people  could  not  discern  whether  they  preached 
free-will  or  free-grace."  When  Mr.  Gadsby  heard 
the  decision  from  a  minister  who  was  present,  he 
quickly  informed  him  that  Satan  was  president  of 
that  meeting.  He  was  an  eloquent  advocate  of 
eternal  and  personal  election,  and  the  ultinuite  tri- 
umph of  all  the  chosen  of  God,  notwithstanding 
their  own  weaknesses,  the  world's  attractions,  and 
Satan's  malicious  running.  He  would  say  of  the 
Saviour's  loving  scheme,  "  it  is  an  everlasting  gos- 
pel, proceeding  from  everlasting  love,  and  ending 
in  everlasting  glory."  The  themes  of  his  ministry 
were  "  the  deceit,  depravity,  and  helplessness  of 
human  nature;  the  first  work  of  divine  quickening 
in  the  cries,  desires,  and  sensations  of  the  living 
soul ;  the  rich  glories  of  eternal  love  and  grace  in 
the  covenant  purposes  of  God  the  Father,  the 
mediatorial  glories  of  the  God-man,  the  inseparable 
union  of  the  church  with  him,  and  her  complete- 
ness in  him,  having  all  fullness  treasured  up  there, 
and  the  effectual  operations  and  sweet  anointings 
of  the  Holy  Ghost  in  the  heart.''  He  was  a  rigid 
Baptist.  He  stated  to  a  Pedobaptist  congregation 
to  which  he  occasionally  preached  at  their  solicita- 
tion when  he  visited  London,  that  "  he  was  a  Bap- 
tist to  the  backbone,  and  backbone  and  all.''  He 
had  no  sympathy  with  open  communion,  or  with 
any  other  innovation  upon  the  Saviour's  doctrines 
and  institutions. 

He  was  bold  as  a  lion,  and  he  was  meek  as  a 
little  child.  He  led  a  life  of  holiness  towards  God, 
his  enemies  themselves  being  judijes.  He  had  a 
heart  full  of  sympathy  for  the  poor  and  the  unfor- 
tunate, to  whom  his  death  was  a  great  calamity. 


GAGK 


430 


GALE 


lie  was  an  earnest  friend  of  Sumlay-schools,  and 
in  connection  with  his  own  cliurcli  he  was  instru- 
mental in  estal)lishing  a  selioiil  whieh  flourished, 
and  in  sccurinj;  a  separate  building  for  its  aecom- 
mudation.  His  labors  were  herculean  ;  he  preached 
three  times  on  the  Lord's  day  at  home,  and  often 
six  times  in  the  week  in  other  places;  he  traveled 
60,IKM)  miles,  a  coiisidoralilc  part  of  it  on  foot,  to 
proclaim  the  unscarcha))le  riches,  and  in  four  coun- 
ties alone  he  was  instrumental,  directly  and  indi- 
rectly, in  the  erection  of  forty  houses  of  worship. 
He  kept  distinct  from  the  Regular  Baptists  in  Eng- 
land, though  his  faith  was  substantially  the  creed 
of  Dr.  Gill. 

He  met  with  an  accident  in  1S40,  in  alluding  to 
which  the  Manchester  Times  says,  "Any  cessation 
of  the  activity  of  such  a  man  is  a  public  calamity. 
His  preaching,  though  marked  by  some  eccentrici- 
ties, is  of  a  high  order,  combining  all  the  fervor  of 
a  deep  devotion  with  the  exercise  of  a  vigorous, 
acute,  and  original  intellect ;  and  his  active  prac- 
tical benevolence,  manifesting  itself  not  only  by  the 
relief  of  the  distressed  around  him,  but  by  his 
ardent  desire  to  promote  good  legislation,  and  thus 
to  advance  the  happiness  of  the  whole  human  fam- 
ily, has  endeared  him  alike  to  the  sincere  Christian, 
the  philanthropist,  and  the  reformer  of  political 
abuses.  In  any  station  he  would  have  been  a  re- 
markable man." 

Mr.  Gadsby  was  the  author  of  twenty-two  works, 
some  of  which  have  been  widely  circulated. 

Gage,  Rev.  Moses  Dwight,  was  born  Jan.  4, 
182S,  at  New  Woodstock,  N.  Y.  ;  baptized  at  four- 
teen, and  licensed  in  1856  ;  was  educated  at  Alfred 
Academy  and  Rochester  University.  He  became 
pastor,  and  was  ordained  at  Bedford,  Ind.,  in  1860, 
and  in  1861  served  the  Pendleton  and  Muncie 
churches.  From  1862  he  was  three  years  chaplain 
of  the  r2th  Ind.  Vol.  Regiment,  under  Grant  and 
Sherman,  and  wrote  a  history  of  the  campaigns.  In 
1865  he  became  pastor  at  Franklin,  Ind.,  for  two 
years,  helping  to  revive  the  college  there.  In  1867 
became  pastor  for  four  years  at  Junction  City,  Kan., 
and  built  a  $5000  church  edifice.  In  1873  he  moved 
to  California,  and  was  three  years  pastor  at  Marys- 
ville,  when  he  located  at  Camptonville  as  pastor 
and  teacher.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  a  fine 
scholar,  and  a  popular  educator ;  has  written  ex- 
tensively fur  the  religious  and  educational  press, 
and  served  in  various  official  positions  in  Baptist 
Associations  and  Conventions. 

Oair,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Boston,  Feb. 
5,  1755.  He  was  baptized  .July  28,  1771.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1777.  He  was  oi'dained  a  few  months  before  his 
graduation  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Medfield, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  until  November,  1787, 
when  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 


Baptist  church  in  Boston.  His  ministry  was  suc- 
cessful, and  its  results  were  felt  long  after  his  de- 
cense.  He  died  .\pril  27,  1790.  One  of  his  sons, 
Samuel  Stillman  Gair,  Esq.,  was  connected  with 
the  famous  house  of  the  Baring  Brothers,  bankers, 
England. 

Gale,  Rev.  Amory,  was  born  in  Royalston, 
Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1815.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
experienced  a  hope  in  Christ.  He  was  early  called 
of  God  to  the  work  of  preaching  the  gospel. 


REV.   .\MORY    GALE. 

His  preparatory  studies  were  pursued  at  Worces- 
ter Academy,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1839. 

lie  graduated  from  Brown  University  in  1843, 
and  from  Newton  Theological  Seminary  in  1846. 
Under  his  labors  while  a  student  at  Brown  Univer- 
sity an  extensive  revival  Avas  experienced  in  Roy- 
alston. His  first  settlement  after  graduating  was 
at  Ware,  Mass.  Here  he  was  ordained  Nov.  11, 
1846.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  received  a  com- 
mission from  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  to  visit  the  West,  and  settled  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Minneapolis.  He  succeeded  Rev. 
T.  R.  Cressey  as  general  missionary  for  the  State, 
July  1, 1858.  For  fifteen  years  he  toiled  in  his  mis- 
sionary work,  .and  reaped  a  glorious  harvest.  The 
Rev.  Lyman  Palmer  collated  many  facts  concerning 
Brother  Gale's  labors,  from  which  we  select  the  fol- 
lowing: "Sermons,  5000;  family  calls,  16,000;  books 
sold  or  donated,  25,000  volumes ;  miles  traveled, 
100,000, —  more  than  50,fHX)  miles  of  his  missionary 
journeyings  were  with  Indian  ponies,  in  a  buggy  or 
a  sleigh."     Large  churches  were  anxious  for  his  ser- 


GALE 


431 


GALE 


vices,  but  liis  reply  was,  "  The  men  are  fewer  who 
will  take  fields  to  be  worked  up,  so  I  will  take  a 
new  field.''  He  had  a  stroiij;  physical  frame,  but 
it  was  the  constraining  love  of  Ji'sus  that  wrought 
within  him  an  indomitable  energy  to  grapple  with 
and  overcome  great  difiiculties.  lie  did  not  stop  to 
look  at  obstacle.s,  but  to  inquire  for  needed  work. 
For  years  lie  suffered  very  much  with  asthma,  and 
often  slept  leaning  against  the  wall  of  his  room. 
lie  had  as  true  a  missionary  spirit  as  ever  dwelt  in 
a  human  heart.  He  organized  Sunday-schools  all 
over  Minnesota.  At  the  time  of  his  death  there 
were  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  Baptist  churches 
in  tliat  State,  moi-e  than  one-half  of  which  lie  had 
assisted  in  forming.  His  name  will  long  remain 
a  household  word  in  Minnesota. 

In  the  summer  of  1.S74  he  sailed  for  Europe. 
While  abroad  he  visited  the  principal  places  of  in- 
terest in  Great  Britain,  many  of  the  continen- 
tal cities,  Greece,  Constantinople,  and  Palestine. 
At  -Jaffa,  prostrated  by  Syrian  fever,  he  was  taken 
to  the  hospital,  where  he  died,  Nov.  20,  1S74. 
During  his  travels  a  number  of  highly  interesting 
letters  from  his  pen  were  published  in  the  Wiitrh- 
man  and  Reflector,  of  Boston.  The  death  of  no 
citizen  of  Minnesota  ever  occasioned  more  profound 
sadness.  lie  was  buried  in  the  "  American  Prot- 
estant Cemetery,''  near  the  city  of  Jaffa. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Convention, 
held  in  St.  Paul,  October,  ISTo,  the  following  reso- 
lutions were  unanimously  passed: 

'■  Whereas,  Rev.  Amory  Gale  has  fallen  during 
the  past  year,  having  died  at  Jaffa,  in  Syria,  just 
as  he  had  fulfilled  a  long-cherished  desire  to  make 
a  tour  of  the  Holy  Land  ;  and  our  brother  beloved 
was  one  of  the  originators,  and  for  fifteen  years  was 
the  efficient,  self-sacrijicincj,  hard-working,  and  suc- 
cessful missionary  of  this  Convention,  and  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society  ;  and  there  is  one  heart-throb 
of  anguish  among  brethren  and  sisters  throughout 
our  entire  State,  especially  among  our  Scandina- 
vian and  German  brethren,  to  whom  our  brother 
was  especially  endeared  by  his  great  interest  in 
their  welfare ;  therefore, 

"  Resolved,  That  we  express  not  only  our  deep 
grief  for  the  loss  we  have  sustained  in  the  sudden 
and  unexpected  death  of  Brother  Gale,  but  also  our 
high  appreciation  of  his  many  virtues,  and  of  his 
unparalleled  labors  in  severe  pioneer  work,  which 
have  been  so  effective  in  placing  our  denomina- 
tional interests  where  they  are  in  Minnesota  today. 

"  Resolved,  That  we  tender  our  sympathy  to  the 
family  of  our  brother  in  their  severe  affliction." 

Oale,  Daniel  B.,  was  born  in  IS1(>,  in  Salisbury, 
N.  II.  He  was  educated  at  New  Hampton  Academy. 
He  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  commenced  busi- 
ness in  1837.  lie  died  Nov.  16, 187-5.  His  widow 
has  given  expression  to  her  love  for  him  by  the 


donation  of  a  costly  organ  to  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  St.  Louis,  called  the  "Gale  Organ." 

Daniel  1$.  Gale  made  a  profession  of  religion  in 
1SJ7,  and  was  baptized  by  Kev.  J.  B.  Jeter,  D.D., 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of 
St.  Louis.  He  was  an  efficient  and  highly  esteemed 
member  of  this  community  till  his  death.  His  firm 
became  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  St.  Louis, 
with  a  very  honorable  reputation.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  common  council,  and  a  trustee  of  his 
church.  His  great  modesty  kept  him  from  accept- 
ing oflices  that  were  pressed  upon  him.  The  com- 
munity had  the  greatest  confidence  in  him.  His 
labors  and  benevolence  were  rarely  surpassed.  His 
memory  will  ever  be  tenderly  cherished  in  St. 
Louis. 

Gale,  Rev.  John,  Ph.D.,  was  boi-n  in  London, 
England,  May  26,  ItJSU.  His  father,  a  distinguished 
citizen  of  London,  gave  him  every  facility  for  ac- 
quiring the  best  education.  To  this  end  he  sent 
him  to  Leyden,  in  Holland,  where  he  graduated 
with  honor  in  the  nineteenth  year  of  his  age. 

On  his  return  to  England  he  pursued  his  studies 
with  great  diligence,  especially  in  ancient  literature, 
heathen  and  Christian,  with  which  his  acquaint- 
ance became  very  extensive. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  William  Wall,  an  Episcopalian, 
wrote  the  "  History  of  Infant  Baptism,'  and  re- 
ceived the  thanks  of  both  houses  of  Convocation 
for  the  work  ;  and  some  years  later,  when  he  pub- 
lished a  defense  of  his  book,  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  the  Universitj'  of  Oxford.  Dr. 
Wall's  history  is  one  of  the  ablest  defenses  of  im- 
mersion as  the  Scripture  mode  of  baptism  that  had 
appeared  till  that  time;  but  its  main  design  is  to 
establish  the  authority  of  infant  baptism.  '•  This,'' 
as  Crosby  says,  "  Dr.  Gale  answered,  before  he  was 
twenty-seven  years  of  age,  with  so  solid  a  judgment, 
such  extensive  learning,  and  so  great  moderation, 
that  it  gained  him  the  esteem  and  affection  not  only 
of  Baptists,  but  of  all  men  of  candor  and  learning 
on  the  opposite  side.''  Dr.  Whitby  and  .Mr.  Whis- 
ton  both  commend  Dr.  Gale's  learned  labors.  And 
Lord  Chancellor  King,  Dr.  Hoadley,  bishop  of 
Bangor,  and  Dr.  Bradford,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
became  his  friends.  He  began  to  preach  regularly 
in  his  thirty-fifth  year,  and  he  w.is  favored  with 
large  and  cultured  audiences.  He  planned  before 
his  death  to  write  an  exposition  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, and  a  translation  of  the  Septuagint ;  but  a 
slow  fever  seized  him  in  his  forty-first  year,  and 
in  about  three  weeks  carried  him  to  the  grave. 
Dr.  Gale's  opinions  on  the  Deity  of  Christ  and  on 
some  other  vital  parts  of  the  Christian  system  were 
not  orthodox;  though  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to 
state  his  exact  positions.  His  works,  additional  to 
his  reply  to  Wall,  were  published  in  four  octavo 
volumes  after  his  death. 


GALLAHER 


432 


GAMBREL 


Gallaher,  Rev.  Henry  M.,  LL.D.— Ur.  Gal- 

laher  was  born  at  Castlcbar,  Ireland,  Sept.  11, 
1833.  He  came  to  the  United  Statos  in  1850.  Ho 
wa3  graduated  ("npiii  ShurtlelT  College,  and  the 
theoloi;ioal  department  connerted  with  it.  On 
leaving  college  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  tlie 
Vermont  Street  Baptist  churcli  of  Quincy,  111. 

In  l.StJ4  he  was  called  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  which  he  served  with  marked 
success  for  several  years.  lie  then  entered  on  an 
important  field  in  Klizabeth,  N.  .J.,  from  which  he 
went  to  Xew  Haven,  Conn.,  and  in  IST'J  he  ac- 
cepted tlio  call  of  the  Hanson  I'lace  Baptist  church, 
Brooklyn,  X.  Y. 

Wlierever  he  has  been  a  pastor  his  congregations 
were  large,  often  overflowing  the  commodious 
houses  of  worship  whore  they  were  assembled.  As 
a  preacher  and  a  lecturer  he  is  equally  popular. 
His  Irish  wit,  his  fervent  zeal  for  Christ  and  his 
cause,  his  keen  power  of  analysis,  and  the  gathered 
results  of  industrious  research  in  all  the  fields  of 
learning  give  him  an  extraordinary  influence  over 
his  audiences. 

He  generally  writes  his  sermons,  and  closely  fol- 
lows the  line  of  thought  marked  out,  but  he  is  not 
confined  to  his  notes.  He  moves  rapidly  about  his 
pulpit  or  platform,  and  some  of  the  most  brilliant 
passages  in  his  discourses  are  not  in  his  manu- 
scripts. At  New  Haven,  his  meeting-house  was 
generally  thronged  by  the  students  of  Yale  College 
and  other  young  men,  many  of  whom  were  added 
to  his  church. 

His  warm  heart  makes  him  eminently  social  and 
attractive. 

Galusha,  Rev.  Elon,  a  son  of  Gov.  Galusha, 
of  Vermont,  began  his  ministry  early  in  life,  in 
spiring  brilliant  hopes,  and  fulfilling  the  expecta- 
tions of  his  friends.  He  labored  many  years  at 
Whitesborough,  near  Utica,  N.  Y.,  afterwards  in 
Utica,  and  subsequently  in  Rochester,  Perry,  and 
Lockport.  He  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Convention  of  Xew  York,  and  he  acted  as 
agent  for  several  local  and  national  institutions. 
For  years  he  was  one  of  the  best-known  men  in 
the  State.  He  possessed  a  rich  imagination,  glow- 
ing enthusiasm,  and,  when  his  sympathies  were 
thoroughly  enlisted,  pure  eloquence.  Few  men 
could  carry  a  large  congregation  with  such  over- 
whelming power  as  Mr.  Galusha.  He  was  one  of 
the  must  unselfish  and  devout  of  Christians.  He 
was  a  father  and  a  le.ider  in  Israel,  whose  memory 
has  a  lilessed  fragrance.  He  died  at  Lockport, 
N.  Y.,  .Jan.  6,  1S.^)6. 

Galusha,  Gov.  Jonas,  was  born  in  Norwalk, 
Conn.,  Feb.  11,  1753,  and  came  to  Shaftsbury,  Vt., 
in  1775.  From  1777  to  1780  he  was  captain  of  a 
militia  company.  In  the  famous  battle  of  Ben- 
nington he  led  two  companies.     He  was  a  repre- 


sentative from  Shaftsbury  in  the  Legislature  of 
Vermont  in  1800.  He  was  councillor  from  October, 
1793,  until  October,  1791),  and  again  from  October, 
1801,  to  Octolier,  ISOf).  From  1781  to  1787  he  was 
sheriS'of  Bennington  County.  He  was  judge  of 
the  County  Court  from  1795  until  1798,  and  again 
from  1801  until  1807  ;  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  1807  and  1808.  He  was  governor  of  Vermont 
from  1809  to  1813,  and  again  from  1815  until  1820. 
In  1808,  1820,  and  1824,  he  was  an  elector  of  Presi- 
dent and  Vice-President,  and  a  member  of  the  con- 
stitutional conventions  of  1814  and  1S22,  of  both  of 
which  he  was  the  president.  His  services  in  public 
life  covered  a  period  of  forty  years. 

Gov.  Galusha,  although  nut  a  member  of  the 
church,  was  a  Baptist  in  sentiment,  and  took  an  in- 
terest in  the  affairs  of  the  di'nomination  in  the  State 
of  Vermont.  "  He  maintained  family  worship  in  all 
its  forms,  was  known  to  observe  ]>rivate  devotions, 
was  an  habitual  attendant  upon  jiublic  worship  and 
at  social  meetings,  and  frequently  took  an  active 
p.art  in  the  latter.  When  nearly  seventy-nine  years 
of  age,  he  attended  a  protracted  meeting  at  Man- 
chester, and  took  an  active  part  in  its  exercises; 
as  a  result  of  which  he  was  aroused  to  a  sense  of 
the  duty  of  making  a  public  profession  of  religion, 
and  announced  his  intention  to  do  so,  but  was  pre- 
vented by  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  which  he  experi- 
enced soon  after,  and  from  which  he  never  recov- 
ered. His  children  were  well  trained,  and  all  of 
them  who  survived  childhood  became  professors  of 
religion;  one  of  them,  Elon,  an  eminent  minister 
in  the  Baptist  denomination."  Gov.  Galusha  died 
at  Shaftsbury,  Vt.,  Sept.  24,  1834. 

Galusha,  Hon.  Truman,  was  born  in  Shafts- 
bury, Vt,  in  October,  I78('),  and  was  the  eldest  son 
of  Gov.  .Jonas  Galusha.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Caleb  Blood,  and  united  with  the  church  in  Shafts- 
bury. Subsequently  he  removed  to  .Jericho,  Vt. 
He  held  various  offices  of  honor  in  his  native  State, 
among  them  that  of  associate  judge  of  Chittenden 
County  Court.  As  a  Baptist  layman  he  was  highly 
respected  in  Vermont,  where  he  did  much  to  pro- 
mote the  interests  of  bis  denomination.  He  died 
at  .Tericbo,  Vt.,  June  13,  1S.09. 

Gambrel,  Rev.  James  B.,  editor  c.f  the  Missis- 
sippi Baptist  Record,  and  pastor  at  Clinton,  Miss., 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1841,  but  was  reared 
in  Mississippi  ;  held  the  rank  of  captain  in  the 
Confederate  army;  began  to  preach  in  1867;  after 
serving  country  churches  two  years  he  became 
pastor  at  West  Point,  Miss.  ;  in  1872  became  pastor 
at  Oxford,  Miss.,  and  while  supplying  the  church 
attended  the  University  of  Mississippi,  which  is 
located  at  this  place.  He  sustained  this  relation 
five  j'ears,  during  which  the  church  was  much 
strengthened.  Having  acquired  considerable  repu- 
tation as  a  writer,  he  was  chosen  as  editor  of  the 


GAMMKLL 


4n3 


GANO 


Mississippi  Bajilixl  Remrd,  a  position  wliifh  lie  fills 
with  aliility. 

Gammell,  Rev.  William,  was  l)orn  in  Boston, 
Jan.  y,  IT'SG.  His  naily  roligiou.s  as.sociations  were 
with  the  Federal  Street  Unitarian  churcli,  which 
became  so  famous  on  account  of  the  ministry  in  it 
of  the  celebrated  Rev.  Dr.  William  E.  ("banning. 
Of  this  churcli  the  parents  of  Mr.  Gammell  were 
members,  llaviiii;  experienced  conversion,  in  the 
evangelical  sense  of  that  word,  ho  was  baptized  in 
1805  by  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  and  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  He  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  studied  the- 
ology under  the  direction  of  Rev.  William  Wil- 
liams, of  Wrentham,  Mass.  While  devoting  his 
attention  to  divinity,  he  was  invited  to  supply  the 
pulpit  of  the  church  in  Bellingham,  Mass.,  which 
gave  him  a  call,  and  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  in 
1809.  In  ISIO  he  removed  to  Medlield,  Mass.  In 
thi.s  place  there  grew  up  under  his  ministry  a  flour- 
ishing cliuroh,  which  was  gathered  not  only  from 
Medfield,  but  from  the  adjoining  towns.  To  it  he 
ministered  for  thirteen  years,  and  then  resigned  in 
August,  1823,  and  removed  to  Newport,  R.  I.,  and 
became  the  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church. 
Here  his  ministry  was  eminently  successful,  a  large 
congregation  was  drawn  to  the  house  of  worship 
by  his  attractive  eloquence  and  his  zeal  for  the 
honor  of  his  Master.  In  the  midst  of  his  great 
usefulness  and  popularity  he  died  suddenly  of  apo- 
plexy, May  30,  1827,  in  the  forty-second  year  of 
his  age.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Brown  University  in  1817,  and  in  1820 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  corporation.  "  He 
was,"  says  his  son.  Prof.  W.  Gammell,  "a  highly 
acceptable  preacher,  and  an  earnest  friend  of  every 
object  connected  with  the  extension  of  Christian- 
ity." 

Oammell,  William,  LL.D.,  was  imrn  in  Med- 

fielil  (where  his  lather  was  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church),  Feb.  10,  1812.  lie  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1827,  and  graduated  in  1831.  The  class 
numbered  only  thirteen,  but  several  of  its  members 
arrived  at  considerable  distinction  in  their  different 
callings  in  life.  Among  them  wore  Hon.  F.  W. 
Bird,  Rev.  Drs.  Iloppin  and  W.aterman.  and  David 
King,  M.l).  For  three  years  Mr.  Gammell  was 
tutor  in  Brown  University.  In  183.5  he  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Litei-ature,  and 
held  the  office  for  fifteen  years,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  History  and  Political  Econ- 
omy. His  term  of  service  in  the  college,  which 
covered  a  period  of  thirty-three  years,  came  to  an 
end  in  1864.  He  commenced  his  college  life  as  a 
Freshman  under  Dr.  Wayland,  and  was  associated 
with  him  as  a  student  or  an  instructor  during  his 
whole  administration,  which  closed  in  18.55.  He 
was  also  professor  nine  years  under  President  Sears. 


During  this  long  period  Prof.  Gammell  conducted 
the  studies  of  the  two  departments  in  which  he  \saa 
the  professor  with  great  ability  and  success,  leaving 
the  impress  of  his  fine  taste  and  rare  skill  in  the 
elegant  use  of  the  English  language  on  hundreds 
of  young  men,  who,  both  consciously  and  uncon- 
sciously, were  influenced  by  his  instructions  an<l 
his  personal  example.  Prof  Gammell  was  not  only 
a  college  jjrofessor,  conducting  the  ordinary  routine 
of  hearing  recitations  and  doing  his  part  in  main- 
taining discipline,  but  he  found  time  to  prepare  a 
large  amount  of  matter  for  the  press.  Sparks's 
"  Biography"  is  indebted  to  him  for  lives  of  Roger 
Williams  and  Gov.  Samuel  AVard.  He  wrote  a 
"  History  of  Baptist  Missions,"  which  is  a  standard 
authority  in  matters  of  which  it  treats  to  this  day. 
He  was  for  some  time  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Christian  Tleview,  and  the  writer  of  many  articles 
which  have  been  given  to  the  world  through  various 
channels. 

.'^ince  his  resignation  in  lSfj4,  Prof  Gammell  has 
resided  in  Providence  and  Newport,  devoting  his 
time  and  thoughts  to  the  administration  of  his 
business  affairs  and  to  the  oversight  of  charitable 
and  educational  institutions  with  which  he  is  con- 
nected. 

Gandy,  D.  R.,  a  prominent  Baptist  layman  in 
Sabine  Association,  La.  ;  was  sheriff  of  Sabine 
Parish  many  years,  and  in  1853  served  one  term  in 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  ;  born  in  Georgia  in 
1811  ;  died  in  Louisiana  in  1867. 

Gano,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Hopewell,  N.  -J.. 
.July  22,  1727.  Ilis  family  was  of  French  origin, 
and  its  name  Gerneaux.  Mr.  Gano's  father  was  a 
pious  Presbyterian,  and  he  felt  inclined  to  follow 
in  his  father's  religious  footsteps,  but  an  examina- 
tion of  the  subject  of  baptism  led  him  to  take  the 
I^aviour's  immersion  in  the  -Jordan  as  his  model 
and  to  unite  with  the  Baptist  church  of  Hopewell. 
With  a  new  heart,  a  Scriptural  creed,  and  a  call 
from  Christ  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  was  ordained 
May  29,  1754,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Scotch 
Plains  church.  He  removed  to  the  South  after  a 
two  years'  settlement  at  Scotch  Plains,  where  he 
remained  till  1760.  In  June,  17C2,  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  New  York  was  constituted,  its  mem- 
bers having  received  letters  for  this  purpose  from 
the  parent  church  at  Scotch  Plains.  Immediately 
after  their  organization  they  called  Mr.  Gano  to  be 
their  pastor,  lie  accepted  the  invitation,  and  held 
the  position  for  twenty-six  eventful  years.  His 
ministry  was  greatly  blessed  in  New  York,  and  the 
church  that  commenced  its  ecclesiastical  life  with 
twenty-seven  members  soon  became  a  power  in  the 
future  Empire  City. 

Mr.  Gano  was  deeply  interested  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary struggle,  and  when  fighting  began  he  en- 
tered the  army  as  chaplain  to  Gen.  Clinton's  New 


GANO 


434 


GAXO 


York  brigade,  and  performed  services  which  ren- 
dered hira  dear  to  the  officers  and  men  with  whom 
he  was  associated.  Nor  did  lie  ever  shun  tlie  scene 
of  danger,  thougli  his  duties  were  entirely  peaceful. 
Headley,  in  his  "  Chaplains  and  Clergy  of  the  Rev- 
olution," says,  "  In  the  fierce  conflict  on  Chattcrton's 
Hill,  Mr.  Gano  was  continually  under  fire,  and  his 
cool  and  quiet  courage  in  thus  fearlessly  exposing 
himself  was  afterwards  commented  on  in  the  most 


spirit,  that  "  Baptist  chaplains  were  the  most  prom- 
inent and  useful  in  the  army'  7 

On  the  return  of  Mr.  Gano  to  Xew  York  at  the 
close  of  the  war  he  could  only  find  thirty-seven 
memliers  of  his  church  ;  these  he  gathered  together 
again,  and  the  Lord  soon  gave  him  and  his  people 
a  gracious  revival,  which  imparted  strength  and 
hope  to  his  discouraged  church.  In  May,  1788,  he 
removed  to  Kentucky,  and  became  pastor  of  the 


REV.  JOHN    G.txo. 


glowing  terms  by  the  officers  who  stood  near  him." 
In  speaking  of  his  conduct  on  that  occasion,  he 
said,  "  My  station  in  time  of  action  I  k-new  to  be 
among  the  surgeons,  but  in  this  battle  I  somehow 
got  in  the  front  of  the  regiment,  yet  I  durst  not 
quit  my  place  for  fear  of  dampening  the  spirits  of 
the  soldiers,  or  of  bringing  on  myself  an  imputa- 
tion of  cowardice."  Ileadley  states  that  when  he 
"saw  more  than  half  the  army  flying  from  the 
sound  of  cannon,  others  abandoning  their  pieces 
without  firing  a  shot,  and  a  brave  band  of  six  hun- 
dred maintaining  a  conflict  with  the  whole  British 
army,  filled  with  chivalrous  and  patriotic  sympathy 
for  the  valiant  men  that  refused  to  run,  he  could 
not  resist  the  strong  desire  to  share  their  perils, 
and  he  eagerly  pushed  forward  to  the  front."  Any  i 
wonder  that  AYashington  should  say  of  chaplains 
like  Mr.  Gano,  and  there  were  other  Baptists  of  his 


Town  Fork  church,  near  Lexington.  He  died  in 
1S04. 

Mr.  Gano  was  the  brother-in-law  of  Dr.  Man- 
ning, the  first  president  of  Brown  University,  whose 
ordination  sermon  he  preached.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  and  most  influential  friends  of  Rhode  Island 
College.  He  went  everywhere  to  further  Baptist 
interests.  He  had  a  fund  of  energy  greater  than 
most  men,  and  an  intellect  which  could  grasp  any 
subject.  He  was  regarded  in  his  day  as  "  a  star 
of  the  first  magnitude,"  "'a  prince  among  the  hosts 
of  Israel,"  ''a  burning  and  a  shining  light,  and 
many  rejoiced  in  his  light."  One  of  his  sons.  Dr. 
Stephen  Gano,  was  for  thirty-six  years  the  beloved 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Gano,  Rev.  Stephen,  M .D.,  was  bom  Dec.  25, 
1762,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  His  father  at  the 
time  of  his  birth  was  the  pastor  of  the  Gold  Street 


GANO 


435 


GARDNER 


Baptist  church.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Kev.  James 
Manning,  and  the  purpose  of  his  parents  was  to 
send  hira  to  the  Rhode  Island  College,  of  whicli  his 
uncle  was  the  president,  but  so  great  were  the  dis- 
tractions caused  by  the  Revolutionary  war  that 
they  were  obliged  to  sacrifioo  their  wishes  in  this 
respect.  He  was  pIaoe<l  under  the  care  of  his  ma- 
ternal uncle,  Dr.  Stiles,  and  educated  with  special 
reference  to  the  medical  profession.  Having  com- 
pleted his  studies,  and  being  desirous  of  entering 
the  army,  he  was  appointed  a  surgeon  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  and  for  two  years  was  in  the  public  ser- 
vice. The  title  of  doctor  which  he  received  in  his 
youthful  days  he  bore  in  after  years,  and  was  called 
'•Doctor'  Gano.  While  occupied  with  his  practice 
as  a  physician  in  Tappan,  now  Orangetown,  N.  Y., 
he  became  a  subject  of  God's  converting  grace.  At 
once  he  seems  to  have  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  give 
himself  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry,  and 
was  ordained  on  the  2d  of  August,  17S6.  After 
spending  some  time  preaching  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
native  city  he  received,  in  1792,  a  unanimous  invi- 
tation to  become  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  I'rovidence,  K.  I.  His  ministry  here 
was  a  long  and  remarkably  successful  one,  from 
which  he  did  not  cease  until  three  months  before 
his  death.  His  sickness  was  a  distressing  one,  but 
he  bore  his  pains  with  patience,  and  died  in  the 
triumphs  of  faith  on  the  18th  of  August,  1828.  For 
thirty-six  j'ears  he  had  been  a  power  for  good  in 
the  community  in  which  he  had  lived  for  so  long  a 
time,  and  when  he  passed  away  devout  men  bore 
him  to  the  grave,  and  his  memory  is  still  cherished 
with  loving  regard  in  the  church  lie  served  with 
such  rare  devotion  to  their  interests. 

Dr.  Gano  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  and 
instructive  preachers  of  the  times  in  which  lie 
lived.  "  He  possessed,"  s.iys  his  son-in-law,  the 
late  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Jackson,  ■'  many  ((ualities  to 
render  his  preaching  both  attractive  and  impressive. 
He  had  a  fine  commanding  figure,  being  more  than 
six  feet  in  stature,  and  every  way  well  proportioned. 
His  voice  was  full,  sonorous,  and  altogether  agree- 
able. His  manner  was  perfectly  artless  and  un- 
studied. He  had  great  command  of  language,  and 
could  speak  with  fluency  and  appropriateness  with 
little  or  no  premeditation.  His  discourses  were 
eminently  experimental,  and  were  adapted  to  every 
Christian,  while  they  abounded  in  appeals  to  the 
careless  and  the  ungodly."  His  confidence  in  the 
efficacy  of  prayer  was  remarkable,  and  his  views 
of  firmly  trusting  in  the  loadings  of  God's  provi- 
dence singularly  clear  and  strong. 

The  Hon.  James  Tallmadge,  LL.D.,  who  was  a 
relativeof  his  second  wife,  and  resided  in  his  family 
while  pursuing  his  studies  in  Brown  University, 
thus  speaks  of  Dr.  Gano  in  a  letter  which  may  be 
found  in  Sprague's  "  Annals"  : 


"Dr.  Gano  was  admitted  on  all  hands  to  hold  a 
high  rank  among  the  ministers  of  his  denomina- 
tion. He  devoted  himself  with  great  assiduity  to 
the  duties  of  his  profession.  Wednesday  and  Sat- 
urday he  gave  to  the  work  of  preparation  for  the 
duties  of  the  Sabbath  and  other  appointed  services. 
It  was  his  custom  in  studying  his  sermons  to  note 
on  a  small  piece  of  paper  his  text  and  the  general 
divisions  of  his  discourse,  with  reference  to  passages 
of  Scripture  and  other  illustrations  of  his  subject. 
This  memorandum,  placed  in  the  book  before  him, 
was  a  sufficient  guide  to  his  thoughts,  and  it  enabled 
him  to  speak  with  great  promptness  and  fluency. 

"  His  personal  appearance  was  prepossessing,  his 
voice  manly,  his  articulation  distinct,  and  his  dic- 
tion clear  and  impressive.  His  preaching  was  in 
turn  doctrinal,  practical,  and  experimental.  His 
exhortations  were  often  exceedingly  earnest  and 
pathetic,  and,  in  the  application  of  his  discourse, 
it  was  not  uncommon  for  a  portion  of  his  audience 
to  be  melted  into  tears. 

"  The  administration  of  the  ordinance  of  baptism 
in  connection  with  the  singing  of  a  hymn  at  the 
water,  according  to  the  usage  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
affofJed  a  fine  opportunity  for  the  display  of  his 
powers.  His  eloquence  on  these  occasions  was 
often  greatly  admired.  He  was  a  favorite  among 
his  friends,  and  had  a  high  standing  both  as  a  man 
and  as  a  minister  in  his  denomination." 

Gardner,  Rev.  Benjamin  West,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  July  4,  1>>'_'2;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  IS.iO,  and  at  the  Xewton  Theological 
Institution  in  1853.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Sheldonville,  Mass.,  in  September  of  the 
same  year,  and  remained  there  two  years.  For 
three  years  he  preached  in  Mansfield,  Mass.,  and 
for  nine  j'cars  at  AVest  Dedham.  The  drafts  made 
npon  a  constitution,  never  strong,  were  too  great, 
and  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  pastoral  office. 
North  Marslificld  was  his  home  fur  the  last  five 
years  of  his  life.  He  died  July  6,  1874.  He  was  a 
faithful,  conscientious  minister  of  Christ. 

Gardner,  George  W,,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pom- 
fret,  Vt.,  Oct.  8,  182.S.  At  the  early  age  of  four- 
teen he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Canaan,  N.  H.,  by  Rev.  George  W. 
Cutting.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the 
academy  in  Thetford,  Vt.,  and  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College  in  the  class  of  1852.  For  one  year 
he  was  principal  of  the  academy  in  Ludlow,  Vt., 
and  then  took  charge  of  the  \cw  London  Institu- 
tion, of  which  he  was  the  principal  for  eight  years. 
During  this  period  over  one  thousand  different  stu- 
dents were  connected  with  the  school,  and  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  young  men  were  prepared 
for  college  under  his  immediate  instruction.  He 
was  ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  in  Sep- 
tember, 1858.     In  November,  1861,  he  was  installed 


GARDNER 


436 


GARLICK 


as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Clmrlcs- 
town,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  eleven  years.  In 
September,  1S72.  he  entered  upon  his  duties  a.«  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  .Mis- 


GEOROE    W.  GARDNER,  D.D. 

sionary  Union,  of  the  E.xecutive  Committee  of  whose 
board  he  had  been  a  member  for  the  five  years 
previous.  lie  acted  as  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Union  for  four  years,  when  tlie  two  secretary- 
ships hitherto  existing  were  merged  into  one,  and 
Dr.  Gardner  retired  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Cleveland,  0. 
His  connection  with  the  church  commenced  in  Oc- 
tober, 1876,  and  continued  between  one  and  two 
years. 

While  residing  in  New  Hampshire,  Dr.  Gardner 
was  prominently  connected  with  educational  work 
in  that  State,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education  for  two  years.  In  1870  lie  made  an 
e.\tcnsive  tour  of  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land. 
During  the  years  1873-76  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Missionary  Mwjiizine.  He  has  contributeii  to  the 
pages  of  the  Baptist  Quarferti/.  published  several 
missionary  tracts,  and  was  the  Sunday-school  editor 
of  the  Walchman  and  Reflector  ior  1871  and  1872. 
He  has  published  several  sermons  in  pamphlet 
form,  and  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  religious 
papers. 

Dr.  Gardner,  in  February,  1881,  was  elected  to 
the  presidency  of  Central  University,  Iowa.  _  Dart- 
mouth College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1.S67. 

Gardner,  Rev.  Solomon,  a  pioneer  in  Bradley 


Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1824  ;  came  to 
Arkansas  in  1844  :  served  with  distinction  in  1st 
Miss.  Regiment  in  the  war  with  Mexico ;  began 
to  preach  in  1859;  has  at  different  times  supplied 
most  of  the  churches  of  hie  region  ;  served  with 
ability  one  term  in  the  Arkansas  Legislature  at  a 
most  critical  period  ;  was  commissary  of  the  9th 
Ark.  Ri'iriiiient  in  tlic-  Cdiifeilerate  army. 

Gardner,  William  W.,  D.D.,  a  pastor,  edu- 
cator, and  author,  was  born  in  Barren  Co.,  Ky., 
Oct.  1,  1818.  In  his  eighteenth  year  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine.  In  1838  be  united  with  a 
Baptist  church,  and  the  following  year  entered 
Georgetown  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1843. 
In  1S44  he  was  ordained  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Shelbyville,  Ky.  In  1847  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  where 
he  remained  until  1851,  when  he  became  agent 
of  the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Kentucky. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  he  became  pastor  of  the 
churcli  at  Mayslick.  From  1857  to  1869  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Russellville,  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Theology  in  Bethel  College.  At  the  lat- 
ter date  he  resigned  the  charge  of  the  church,  and 
gave  his  time  to  the  duties  of  his  professorship. 
When  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary 
was  removed  from  Greenville,  S.  C,  to  Louisville, 
Ky.,  the  theological  department  of  Bethel  and 
Georgetown  Colleges  was  abolished,  and  Dr.  Gard- 
ner resumed  the  pastur.al  office  at  Glasgow,  Ky. 
He  has  recently  removed  to  Russellville,  where  he 
now  resides. 

Dr.  Gardner  lias  manifested  especial  excellence 
as  a  teacher  of  New  Testament  theology,  and  has 
published  several  books  and  pamphlets,  among 
which  is  a  volume  on  church  communion,  which 
has  met  with  much  favor. 

Garlick,  Joseph  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  King 
William  Co..  Va.,  Dec.  3(1,  1825.  His  early  train- 
ing was  at  the  neighboring  schools.  In  1840  he 
entered  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary  (now  Rich- 
mond College),  and  remained  there  till  the  fall  of 
1841,  when  he  matriculated  at  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, and  graduated  in  1843.  Being  not  quite 
eighteen  years  of  age  at  this  time,  he  engaged  in 
teaching  until  January,  1849,  wlien,  having  been 
ordained  the  year  previous,  he  was  elected  paster 
of  the  Hampton  Baptist  church,  Va.,  remaining 
there  four  years.  For  two  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Chowan  Fem.ale  Institute,  Murfreesbor- 
ough,  N.  C.  He  removed  thence,  in  1855,  to 
Bruington,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  and  established 
the  Rappahannock  Female  Institute,  over  which 
he  presided  for  fourteen  years,  .and  for  ten  years 
of  that  time  was  also  pastor  of  St.  Stephen's  Bap- 
tist church,  in  thjit  county.  His  present  field  is 
the  Leigh  Street  church,  Richmond,  where  he  has 
labored  for  nearly  nine  years.     This  church  num- 


GARXETT 


437 


GAR  HE  TV 


bers  nearly  900  ineiiibers,  and  is  prol)ably  the  largest 
white  church  in  the  South.  It  is  a  rij^orous  and 
busy  hive  of  earnest  Christian  workers.  Dr.  Gar- 
lick  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  course  from 
the  Columbian  College  in  1846,  and  the  honorary 
degree  of  I>.1).  from  Kiclimond  College.  lie  is  also 
president  of  the  State  .Mission  of  the  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Association  of  Virginia.  He  removed  from 
Richmond  to  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  where  he 
is  now  preaching. 

Garnett,  Judge  James,  was  born  of  pious  Bap- 
tist parents  in  Adair  Co..  Ky.,  July  S,  18.'i4.  .\fter 
attending  the  common  school  of  his  neighborhood, 
he  finished  his  education  at  a  private  ac.ademj'  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  Saunders.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk 
of  Adair,  where  he  remained  three  years,  indus- 
triously devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  re.iding  law. 
He  completed  his  studies  in  the  law-oHice  of  Judge 
T.  E.  Bramlettc.  and  in  November,  1850,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  his  native  county.  In  August, 
1871,  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Legislature  of 
Kentucky,  and  served  in  one  regular  and  one  e.Ktra 
session  of  that  body.  In  1S74  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  si-xth  judicial  district  of  Kentui-ky,  which  po- 
sition he  has  filled  with  ability  until  the  present 
time.  Judge  Garnett  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Columbia,  Ky.,  in 
1857,  by  Kev,  H.  McDonald,  D,D,,  now  of  "llich- 
niond,  Va. 

Garrard,  Gov,  James,  an  eminent  statesman, 
and  a  man  of  great  purity  of  life  ami  character, 
was  born  in  St.-ifford  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1749.  He 
entered  the  service  of  the  colonies  as  a  militia 
officer  early  in  their  struggle  with  the  mother- 
country.  He  was  called  from  the  head  of  his 
command  in  the  army  to  a  seat  in  the  A'irginia 
Legislature,  where  he  was  a  zealous  and  influen- 
tial advocate  of  the  passage  of  the  famous  bill  for 
the  establishment  of  religious  liberty.  He  w.as 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Kentucky,  where  he 
was  a  leading  meml)er  of  nearly  all  the  political 
conventions  of  that  district,  including  the  one 
which  formed  the  first  constitution  of  the  State. 
In  early  life  he  united  with  the  Baptists  in  Vir- 
ginia, at  ft  time  when  they  endured  fierce  per.secu- 
tion.  After  his  settlement  in  Kentucky  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry.  In  1701,  pending  the 
convention  which  formed  the  first  constitution  of 
Kentucky,  a  committee,  composed  of  .lames  (iar- 
rard,  Ambrose  Dudley,  and  Augustine  Kustin,  re- 
ported to  Elkhorn  Association  a  memorial  and  re- 
monstrance in  favor  of  excluding  slavery  from  the 
Commonwealth  by  constitutional  enactment.  After 
serving  several  times  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature, 
Mr.  Garrard  was  elected  governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth in  17'.tti,  which  office  he  held  by  re-election 
eight  successive  years.     Kentucky  has  never  had  a 


citizen  that  stood  higher  in  popular  estimation  than 
Gov.  Garrard.  He  died  at  his  residence  in  Bourbon 
Co.,  Ky.,  Jan,  9,  1822. 

Garrard,  Rev,  John,  was  brought  up,  con- 
verted, and  oriluined  in  Pennsylvania,  and  he  set- 
tled in  Virginia  in  1754  to  preach  Jesus.  His 
labors  were  specially  given  to  Berkeley  and  Lou- 
don Counties.  He  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the 
Ketocton  As.sociation,  and  his  great  love  for  souls 
was  rewarded  by  the  conversion  of  large  numbers. 
He  was  one  of  those  heaven-honored  preachers 
whose  memory  should  be  precious  to  the  Baptist 
denomination  throughout  all  time.  His  brethren 
in  the  ministry  gave  him  the  most  prominent  place 
in  their  meetings,  and  his  example  and  spirit  were 
universally  commended.  He  lived  to  be  a  very 
old  man,  and  died  about  1784. 

Garrard,  Kev,  John,  sometimes  written  Ger- 
rard,  was  among  the  first  preachers  that  settled  in 
Kentucky.  Where  he  came  from  is  unknown. 
On  the  18th  of  June,  1781,  at  the  constitution  of 
Severn  Valley  church,  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  he  was 
installed  in  the  pastoral  office  of  that  body,  and  was 
consequently  the  first  minister  of  any  church  in 
the  Mississippi  Valley.  In  May,  1782,  he  was  cap- 
ttired  by  Indians,  and  never  heard  of  afterwards. 

Garrett,  Rev.  Hosea,  was  born  in  Laurens 
District,  S.  C,  Nov.  2f),  1800;  ordained  to  the 
ministry  in  1834.  His  first  pastorate  was  in  1836. 
Removed  to  Texas  in  February,  1842,  and  settled 
in  Washington  County,  near  Independence,  and  has 
resided  in  the  same  county  ever  since.  Preached 
to  some  of  the  most  important  churches.  He  has 
been  always  regarded  as  a  remarkably  sound  and 
logical  preacher.  One  of  its  original  founders,  he 
has  been  for  nearly  thirty-five  years  devoted  to  the 
maintenance  of  Baylor  University,  contributing 
liberally  of  his  time  and  means  for  that  object, 
acting  as  agent  at  one  time,  and  as  president  of  the 
trustees  nearly  all  the  time  up  to  the  present 
moment.  As  a  preacher  he  is  plain  and  perspicu- 
ous. In  judgment  and  conservative  policy  he  is 
the  Nestor  of  Texas  Baptists.  He  is  well  known 
as  an  officer  of  the  State  and  SdUtlierti  Coiivciitions. 

Garrett,  Judge  Oliver  Hazard  Perry,  was 
born  May  29,  1816,  in  Laurens  District,  S.  C,  and 
was  educated  in  the  district  in  which  he  was  born. 
In  December,  1833,  he  professed  religion,  and  was 
baptized  by  Kev.  .Jonathan  Deweesinto  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Warrior  Creek  Baptist  church ;  re- 
moving to  Texas,  he  was  ord.nined,  in  1844,  a  deacnn 
of  Providence  Baptist  church,  Washington  County, 
Rev.  Wm.  M.  Tryon,  Rev.  R.  E.  B,  Baylor,  and 
Rev.  Hosea  G.arrett  acting  as  the  Presbytery.  He 
has  continued  in  the  office  till  this  time.  He  served 
as  clerk  of  Providence  church  from  1848  to  1868. 
In  October,  1856,  at  Cold  Springs,  Walker  County, 
he  was  elected  clerk  of  tiie  Union  Association,  and 


GAliliOTT 


438 


GATES 


he  ia  still  clerk.  In  October,  1859,  at  Waco,  he 
was  elected  recording  secretary  of  the  Texas  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  continues  still  in  the 
office.     He  has  been  a  director  of  the  Convention 


JUDliE    OLIVER   HAZARD    PERRV   GARRETT. 

since  IS.iO,  and  a  trustee  of  Baylor  Female  Collei;e 
from  the  date  of  its  charter.  In  the  mean  time  he 
has  been  an  active  farmer,  a  successful  land  sur- 
veyor, and  he  has  served  one  or  two  terms  as  chief 
judge  of  the  county.  Few  Baptists  in  Texas  have 
been  in  labors  so  steady  and  abundant.  He  is  now 
an  active  deacon  of  Brcnham  cliurch,  ready  for 
every  good  word  and  work.  Two  sons  are  at  the 
bar,  and  one  a  student  at  Louisville  for  the  ministry, 
all  Baptists,  and  his  two  daughters  are  Baptists  and 
married  to  Baptists. 

Garrott,  Col.  Isham  W.,  was  born  in  Wake 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  llSit);  educated  at  Chapel  Hill;  came 
to  Alabama  and  settled  in  Greenville;  moved  to 
Marion  in  1.S4U;  baptized  in  184();  a  distinguished 
lawyer;  twice  represented  Perry  County  in  the 
State  Legislature;  a  Presidential  elector  in  1860; 
colonel  of  the  20th  Ala.  Ilegiment ;  killed  at  Vicks- 
burg,  .June  17,  18G3.  His  convictions  were  strong. 
He  avoweil  them  fearlessly  and  carried  them  out 
honestly.  He  was  remarkable  for  his  industry, 
uprightness,  temperance,  and  courage ;  a  consistent 
member  of  the  church  ;  liberal  in  the  support  of 
his  church  and  of  every  worthy  enterprise:  unos- 
tentatiously kind  to  the  poor;  a  warm  friend  of 
education  ;  a  trustee  of  Howard  College  at  the  time 
of  bis  death  and  for  manv  years  previous. 

Gartside,  Deacon  Benjamin,  was  bom  in  Eng- 


land, May  26,  1794.  His  parents  were  members  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Ogden.  Like  his  father  he 
became  a  manufacturer  in  his  native  land.  lie 
came  to  this  country  in  18.31.  lie  first  settled  at 
Blockley,  then  at  Manayunk,  and  finally,  in  1852, 
at  Chester,  Pa.  He  has  been  greatly  prospered  in 
his  business,  and  in  his  financial  transactions  he 
has  an  unsullied  reputation. 

He  was  baptized  in  1839,  and  united  with  the 
Blockley  church.  When  the  First  Baptist  cliurch 
of  Chester  was  organized,  in  ISCO,  he  became  one 
of  its  constituent  members.  He  gave  more  than 
half  the  money  needed  to  pay  for  the  erection  of 
the  new  meeting-house,  and  he  presented  the  par- 
sonage as  a  free  gift  to  the  church.  In  his  relations 
with  the  people  of  God  he  has  always  been  the 
warm  friend  of  the  pastor.  He  began  in  early  life 
to  give  to  the  Saviour's. cause,  and  this  spirit  has 
grown  with  his  means  and  years ;  he  is  a  large- 
hearted  Ijenefactor  of  every  department  of  our  de- 
nominational work.' 

He  is  characterized  by  deep  humility,  sincere 
piety,  an  e.xalted  sense  of  business  integrity,  and 
an  abiding  interest  in  the  triumph  of  the  Kedeem- 
er's  kingdom. 

Gaston,  Rev.  E..,  w-as  born  in  England,  Oct.  23, 
1841,  and  came  to  America  with  his  parents  at  the 
age  of  ten  years.  At  seventeen  years  of  age  he 
entered  the  City  Flouring  Mills  of  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  and  continued  in  that  business  for  five  years. 
During  this  time  he  was  converted,  and  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Des  Moines,  In  18G4 
he  entered  Shurtleff  College  to  prepare  himself  for 
the  ministry.  lie  graduated  at  the  Baptist  Union 
Theological  Seminary  of  Chicago  in  1871.  He  w.as 
settled  at  Winterset,  Iowa.  He  afterwards  took 
charge  of  the  church  at  Waterloo,  Iowa,  where  he 
still  preaches.  During  this  pastorate  of  six  years 
many  have  been  baptized.  The  church  has  grown 
numerically,  financially,  and  spiritually,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  largest  Baptist  churches  in  the 
State.  They  are  at  present  engaged  in  the  erection 
of  a  church  eilifice,  which  when  completed  will  be 
one  of  the  finest  in  Iowa. 

Gates,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Granville, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  22,  lMj:i;  became  a  teacher;  studied 
for  the  ministry  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theo- 
logical Institution,  New  York  :  ordained  in  Willi- 
mantic,  Conn.,  in  1831  ;  settled  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Preston, Conn.,  and  with  various  churches, 
always  with  favor  and  success  ;  .something  of  an 
evangelist ;  ardent  promoter  of  domestic,  home,  and 
foreign  missions;  died  at  Lake's  Pond,  Montville, 
Conn.,  Jan.  30,  1875,  aged  seventy-three  years  ; 
a  man  very  useful,  ami   universally  beloved. 

Gates,  Rev.  George  £.,  was  born  at  Malvern 
.Square,  Annapolis  Co.,  Xov.a  Scoti.a.  He  gradu- 
ated from  Acadia  College  in  1873,  and  soon  after 


GATES 


439 


GAUNT 


was  ordained  as  pastor  at  Liverpool.  Nova  Scotia, 
■where  lie  usefully  labored  until  his  acceptance  of 
the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  cliurch  at  Moncton, 
New  Brunswick,  June.  ISSl). 

Gates,  Rev.  Oliver  W.,  was  bom  Feb.  24, 1830, 
at  Preston,  New  London  Co.,  Conn  ;  converted  at 
the  afie  of  twelve  ;  baptized  into  the  Preston  church. 
Rev.  N.  K.  Sliailer  pastor;  conducted  religious  meet- 
ings when  eighteen  ;  soon  after  licensed  to  preach  : 
entered  Literary  Institution,  Suffield,  Conn.,  in 
1849;  was  a  student  four  years,  a  teacher  one; 
joined  the  Junior  class  of  Madison  University  in 
1854;  graduated  in  18.50;  was  assistant  teacher  in 
Hamilton  Female  Seminary;  spent  one  year  in 
Theological  Seminary,  meanwhile  supplying  the 
Baptist  church  at  Whitesboroiigh,  N.  Y. ;  ordained 
Sept.  2,  1857,  at  Greeneville,  Norwich,  Conn. ; 
pastor  at  Greeneville  three  years  ;  supply  at  Han- 
son Place,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  one  year  ;  settled  at 
Norwalk,  Conn.,  as  pastor,  in  1S61  ;  remained  there 
until  1873;  removed  that  year  to  San  Diogo  C'al., 
and  served  the  San  Diego  church  seven  years. 
During  his  Norwalk  ministry,  spent  part  of  one 
winter  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  and  assisted  the  church 
there.  Mr.  Gates  has  written  several  papers  for 
the  Missiunarij  Magazine,  sernion.s  and  a  variety  of 
articles  in  religious  papers,  "Glimpses  of  San 
Diego,"  a  poem;  "The  Inde]iendencc  of  Baptist 
Churches,''  '"The  Test;  or,  Have  I  the  Spirit  of 
Missions?" 

At  Norwalk  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, and  for  some  years  was  secretary  of  the 
Norwalk  and  vicinity  Bible  Society.  lie  is  one  of 
the  most  devout,  earnest,  and  universally  beloved 
of  all  the  Baptist  ministers  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
His  wife  is  a  highly  gifted  lady,  thoroughly  conse- 
crated to  Christ,  and  has  charge  of  the  Point  Lonia 
Seminary  for  young  ladies,  of  which  she  is  the 
founder. 

Gaulden,  Rev.  C.  S.,  pastor  at  Tlmmasville, 
Ga.,  was  born  in  Liberty  County,  May  1,  1812,  and 
was  educated  at  Franklin  College,  now  the  State 
University,  Athens.  He  professed  faith,  and  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  James  Shannon,  in  1826.  He 
studied  law  and  pr;ictised  the  profession  twenty 
years,  then  was  ordained,  and  began  to  preach 
about  1845,  at  Lumpkin.  In  18.i0  he  moved  to 
Brooks  County,  organized  the  Baptist  church  at 
Quitman,  and  was  its  first  pastor.  He  is  now 
pastor  at  Thomasville,  where  he  resides.  Tall,  and 
spare  in  form,  earnest  and  straightforward  in 
preaching,  and  rather  vehement  in  numner,  Mr. 
Gaulden  is  a  man  of  influence  ,ind  usefulness.  For 
seven  years  he  has  been  the  moderator  of  the 
Mercer  Association.  He  is  a  sound  Baptist  in 
doctrines  and  piety. 

Gaunt,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  lived  in  London,  Eng- 
land, in  the  dark  days  of  wicked  King  James  II. 


Mrs.  Gaunt  was  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church,  and 
a  lad)'  of  great  benevolence.  She  was  accustomed 
to  visit  the  jails,  and  to  relieve  the  wants  of  the 
victims  of  persecution  of  every  oppressed  denomi- 
nation. Iler  reputation  for  generous  acts  was  the 
cause  of  her  martyrdom.  The  cruel  king  was 
greatly  enraged  that  rebels  against  his  authority 
should  meet  with  a  protecting  roof  and  a  little  food 
from  any  of  his  subjects  ;  and  he  resolved  to  be 
more  severe  to  those  who  showed  kindness  to  his 
outlawed  enemies  than  to  the  traitors  themselves. 
A  rebel  named  Burton,  hearing  of  the  charitable 
deeds  of  Mrs.  Gaunt,  sought  and  found  shelter  and 
food  in  her  house  ;  but,  learning  the  anger  of  the 
king  against  those  who  treated  his  enemies  with 
humanity,  with  a  depth  of  baseness  seldom  ex- 
hibited by  the  most  abandoned  of  our  race,  he  went 
and  denounced  Mrs.  Gaunt  to  the  authorities.  She 
was  seized  and  tried,  and  without  the  required 
number  of  witnesses  was  illegally  condemned,  and 
cruelly  burned  to  death.  She  placed  the  straw 
around  her  at  the  stake  so  that  sjjo  would  be 
.speedily  reduced  to  ashes,  and  she  behaved  so 
gently,  and  yet  so  courageously,  that  "  all  the 
spectators  were  melted  into  tears."  According  to 
Bishop  Burnet,  she  said  to  the  spectators  "  that 
charity  was  a  part  of  her  religion,  as  well  as  faith. 
This,  at  worst,  was  the  feeding  of  an  enemy  ;  so 
she  hoped  she  had  her  reward  with  him  for  whose 
sake  she  did  this  service,  how  unworthy  soever  the 
person  was  that  made  so  ill  a  return  for  it.  She 
rejoiced  that  God  had  honored  her  to  be  the  first 
that  suffered  by  fire  in  this  reign;  and  that  her 
suffering  was  a  martyrdom  for  that  religion  which 
was  all  love."  She  perished  at  Tyburn,  Oct.  23, 
1G85.  No  doubt  hor  holy  blood  was  one  of  the 
powerful  causes  which  summoned  down  the  ven- 
geance of  heaven  on  the  guilty  king,  and  which 
sent  him  from  his  throne  and  country  a  crownless 
and  cowardly  fugitive.  A  writer  familiar  with  the 
character  of  Mrs.  Gaunt  says,  "  She  stood  most  de- 
servedly entitled  to  an  eternal  monument  of  honor 
in  the  hearts  of  all  sincere  lovers  of  the  Reformed 
religion.  All  true  Christians,  though  in  .some 
things  differing  in  persuasion  from  her,  found  in 
her  a  universal  charity  and  sincere  friendship,  as 
is  well  known  to  many  here,  and  also  to  a  multi- 
tude of  the  Scotch  nation,  ministers  and  others, 
who,  for  conscience'  sake,  were  thrust  into  exile  by 
the  rage  of  bishops.  She  dedicated  herself  with 
unwearied  industry  to  provide  for  their  support, 
and  therein  I  do  incline  to  think  she  outstripped 
every  individual,  if  not  the  whole  body  of  Protest- 
ants, in  this  great  city  [London].  Hereby  she  was 
exposed  to  the  implacable  fury  of  the  bloody  Papists, 
and  of  those  blind  tools  who  co-operated  to  pro- 
mote their  accursed  designs  ;  and  so  there  appeared 
little  diffic\ilty  to  procure  a  jury,  as  there  were  well- 


GEAR 


441) 


GEORGIA 


prepared  judtres,  to  make  her  a  sacrifice,  as  a  traitor, 
to  lioly  church.  " 

Treacherous  Burton  must  have  set  a  high  esti- 
mate upon  the  value  of  his  life,  when  he  was  ready 
to  offer  this  noble  woman  as  a  burned  sacrifice  for 
it.  But  long  since  in  the  eternal  world  he  has 
learned  that  the  preservation  of  the  most  precious 
life  on  e:irth  is  not  worth  one  wicked  act. 

Gear,  Rev.  H.  L.,  son  of  Rev.  Hiram  Gear,  was 
born  at  Marietta,  0.,  Dec.  1,  1S42;  graduated  from 
Marietta  College  in  1862,  ami  remained  one  year 
after  as  tutor  ;  July  6,  1863,  married  Miss  Cornelia, 
daughter  of  Judge  P.  A'an  Clief,  of  California ; 
removed  to  California  and  practised  law  seven  years 
in  partnership  with  Judge  Van  Clief.  In  1870  re- 
turned to  Marietta,  where  he  entered  into  law  part- 
nership with  Hon.  T.  W.  Ewart.  In  August,  1872, 
was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Newport  and  Valley 
churches.  In  July,  1875,  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Norwalk,  0.,and  in  February,  1876,  was 
chosen  corresponding  secretary  and  superintendent 
of  missions  i)y  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention, 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

Mr.  Gear  has  published  in  the  Journal  and  Mes- 
senger an  extended  reply  to  Dale's  "  Classic  Bap- 
tism." The  Publication  Society  has  issued  a  treatise 
from  his  pen  on  "  The  Relation  of  Baptism  to  the 
Lord's  Su|i|)er."  He  has  also  published  various 
articles,  sermons,  and  addresses.  He  is  a  thoughtful 
and  earnest  man,  and  is  much  esteemed  for  hi.s 
work's  sake. 

General  Baptists.    See  Kxui.isu  B.^ptists. 

Georgetown  College,  located  at  Georgetown, 
Scott  Co.,  Ky.,  is  the  fifth  Baptist  university,  in 
order  of  time,  on  the  Western  continent,  and  the 
first  west  of  the  Alleghanies  and  south  of  the  Po- 
tomac. It  was  chartered  by  the  Kentucky  Legisla- 
ture in  182',).  On  the  2d  of  September  of  that  year 
Dr.  Wm.  Stoughton  was  elected  to  its  presidency, 
but  died  before  he  reached  Georgetown.  In  June 
of  the  next  year  Dr.  Joel  S.  Bacon  was  elected 
president.  The  '■  Disciples"  had  just  seceded  from 
the  Baptists  in  Kentucky,  and  were  making  a  most 
determined  and  persistent  effort  to  get  possession 
of  the  college.  After  being  perplexed  and  annoyed 
by  lawsuits  two  years.  Dr.  Bacon  resigned.  The 
presidential  chair  remained  vacant  about  four  years, 
when,  in  1836,  Rev.  B.  F.  Farnsworth  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  position,  but  the  controversy  about 
the  property,  or  rather  the  prerogatives  of  the  col- 
lege, still  continued,  and  he  resigned  within  a  few 
months.  In  1838,  Rev.  Rockwood  Giddings  was 
elected  president,  and  within  one  year  secured  to 
the  Baptists  the  peaceable  possession  of  their  col- 
lege and  a  subscription  of  $80,(I(J0  towards  an  en- 
dowment, when  he  died.  In  1840,  Rev.  Howard 
Malcom,  D.D.,  was  elected  president,  and  served 
ten   years,  during  which   period   the  college  was 


prosperous.  He  was  succeeded  Viy  Rev.  Dr.  J.  L. 
Reynold,  who  comiucted  the  institution  two  years 
and  resigned.  Rev.  1).  R.  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
became  president  in  18.')3.  Under  his  management 
the  college  was  prosperous  in  a  high  degree  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  wai',  when  its  opera- 
tions were  again  seriously  embarrassed.  In  1865, 
Dr.  Campbell  died,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Dr. 
N.  M.  Crawford.  He  presided  over  it  for  five  years, 
when  he  resigned,  and,  in  1871,  Rev.  B.  Manly,  D.D., 
was  chosen  jiresident.  The  course  of  the  college 
was  even  and  harmonious  during  his  eight  years' 
administration.  In  June,  1880,  Dr.  Manly  having 
resigned.  Rev.  R.  M.  Dudley,  D.D.,  was  elected 
president.  The  college  grounds  and  buildings  are 
valued  at  ?7'5,(K.)U,  and  its  invested  funds  at  §80,000. 
Since  the  college  was  established  over  2001)  students 
have  been  matriculated,  and  more  than  200  of  these 
have  become  ministers  of  the  gospel. 

Georgia  Baptist,  The,  a  weekly  newspaper, 
publislicd  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  as  the  organ  of  the 
colored  Baptists  of  Georgia,  and  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Convention  (colored)  of 
Georgia.  It  advocates  Baptist  principles,  minis- 
terial education,  Sunday-schools,  missions  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  the  temperance  cause.  It  was 
commenced  in  1880,  and  is  a  handsome  four-page 
paper,  ably  edited  by  Rev.  '\V.  J.  White,  of  Au- 
gusta, (Ja. 

Its  existence  manifests  great  zeal  and  intelligence 
among  the  colored  Baptists  in  Georgia.  Its  editor 
is  its  business  manager,  and  he  says  editorially, 
and  it  deserves  to  go  on  record,  "  AVe  have  tried 
to  so  manage  the  pecuniary  part  of  the  business 
as  to  have  no  failure,  and  we  feel  safe  in  saying 
that  we  consider  the  life  of  the  Omrt/ia  liajitisl  now 
assured.  We  have  bought  and  paid  for  the  outfit 
of  our  office,  and  have  as  good  material  as  there  is 
in  any  printing-office  in  the  State.  We  have  a 
colored  printer  to  superintend  the  work  on  our 
paper,  and  we  have  young  colored  men  us  com- 
positors." 

Georgia,  Baptist  Banner  of,  is  a  weekly  paper 
published  at  ('ununiog.  J.  >1.  Wood  and  J.  J.  Mor- 
ris, editors  and  proprietors.  It  was  originated  by 
the  latter  in  the  fall  of  1876,  and  he  became  its 
chief  editor  in  January,  1880.  During  its  existence 
it  has  secured  a  good  circulation.  It  is  a  paper  of 
pronounced  Baptist  views,  and  reaches  a  large  pop- 
ulation of  Baptists  in  Northeast  Georgia. 

Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  History  of.— 
In  the  year  1800  the  Georgia  Association  met  at 
Sardis,  Wilkes  Co.,  and  adopted  a  resolution  ap- 
pointing a  meeting  at  Powelton,  in  May,  1801,  to 
consult  in  regard  to  mission  work.  The  meeting 
was  held,  and  the  Association  was  advised  to  form 
a  missionary  society.  This  w.as  approved  by  the 
Association,  which   appointed  another  meeting  in 


GEORGIA 


441 


GEORGIA 


May,  1802,  for  consultation  as  to  the  proper  steps 
to  be  taken.  That  meeting  also  recommended  a 
General  Committee  to  lie  appointed,  to  consist  of 
three  members  of  each  Association.  This  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Associations  of  the  State,  ami  dele- 
gates were  sent  in  May,  1803,  and  they  elected  a 
committee.  The  delegates  appointed  by  the  Georgia, 
Savannah,  Ilephzibah,  and  Sarepta  Associations 
met  again  at  Powelton,  and  chose  a  General  Com- 
mittee of  twelve,  as  follows:  Jesse  Mercer,  Henry 
Ilolcomlie,  Lewis  C.  Davis,  James  Matthews,  A. 
Marshall,  Charles  0.  Screven,  Thomas  Rhodes,  Ben- 
jamin Brooks,  Benjamin  Moseley,  Steplien  Gafford, 
Joseph  Clay,  and  Thomas  Polhill.  Henry  Hol- 
combe  was  made  president,  Jesse  Mercer  vice-presi- 
dent, T.  Polhill  secretary,  and  B.  S.  Screven  treas- 
urer, and  a  constitution  was  adopted.  This  com- 
mittee continued  for  ten  years,  and  was  liighly 
useful.  It  was  tlie  germ  of  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Convention.  During  its  existence,  besides  encour- 
aging mission  work,  it  established  and,  in  1806, 
opened  Mount  Enon  Academy,  fourteen  miles  south- 
west of  Augusta,  mainly  through  the  exertions  of 
Henry  Holcombe,  sustained  ably  by  Judge  Clay, 
Jesse  Mercer,  and  Joel  Early,  Sr.,  a  committee 
appointed  to  act  as  agents  by  the  General  Com- 
mittee. It  passed  out  of  existence  in  1813,  during 
the  war,  but  was  in  a  manner  revived,  through  the 
iiilluence  and  action  of  the  Savannah  Association. 
That  Association  organized  a  missionary  society, 
called  "The  Savannah  Baptist  Society  for  Foreign 
Missions,"  under  the  form  of  a  standing  committee 
for  missions  in  1813,  and,  in  1814,  sent  a  messenger 
bearing  the  constitution  and  a  circular  of  this  so- 
ciety to  the  Georgia  Association,  which  met  at 
Powelton,  October  8.  Jesse  Mercer  presented  and 
read  the  circular  and  constitutiim,  and  the  result 
was  the  formation,  next  year,  1815,  of  a  strong 
missionary  society  in  the  Georgia  Association,  with 
a  large  amount  in  its  treasury,  and  the  name 
of  "  Mission  Board  of  t!ie  Georgia  Association" 
was  given  in  1816.  The  Ocmulgee  and  Ebenezer 
Associations  followed  the  example  of  the  Georgia, 
and  in  1820  the  three  Associations  united  to  .send  a 
missionary  among  the  Creek  Indians.  A  mission 
was  established  among  the  Cherokee  Indians  in 
North  Georgia  also,  and  a  flourishing  church  was 
constituted  and  maintained  there.  In  1820,  Dr. 
Adiel  Slierwoo<i  offoreil  a  resolution  in  the  Sarepta 
Association,  through  Charles  J.  Jenkins,  the  clerk, 
recommending  to  the  Associations  of  the  State  the 
formation  of  a  "  General  Baptist  Association." 
Delegates  appointed  by  the  Georgia  and  Oi'iaulgee 
Associations  met  at  Powelton,  Hancock  Co.,  and 
on  the  27th  of  June,  1822,  adopted  a  constitution 
drafted  and  supported  by  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  the 
elder.  Thus  was  formed  and  constituted  the  Gen- 
eral Baptist  Association  of  Georgia,  which  name, 
29 


in  1828,  was  changed  to  "  Baptist  Convention  of 
the  State  of  Georgia."     Its  specific  objects  are : 

"  1.  To  unite  the  influence  and  pious  intelli- 
gence of  Georgia  Baptists,  and  thereby  to  facilitate 
their  union  and  co-operation.  2.  To  form  and 
encourage  plans  for  the  revival  of  experimental 
and  practical  religion  in  the  State  and  elsewhere 

3.  To  aid  in  giving  effect  to  u.seful  plans  of  tho 
several  Associations.  4.  To  afford  an  opjjortunity 
to  those  who  may  conscientiously  think  it  their 
duty  to  form  a  fund  for  the  education  of  pious 
young  men,  who  may  be  called  by  the  Spirit  and 
their  churches  to  the  Cliristian  ministry.  5.  And 
to  promote  pious,  useful  education  in  the  Baptist 
denomination." 

The  Convention  had  many  difliculties  to  contend 
with  at  first,  and  for  years  the  opposition  to  it  was 
exceedingly  bitter,  but  it  gradually  gained  strength 
and  efficiency,  and  so  increased  the  number  of  its 
constituents,  that  at  present  it  embraces  thirty- 
seven  A^ssociations,  besides  various  mission  societies. 
As  a  mission  body  it  sent  delegates  to  the  Triennial 
Convention,  until  the  division  in  1845.  Since  that 
time  it  has  always  been  represented  in  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  and  has  been  a  liberal  sup- 
porter of  the  mission  work  engaged  in  by  its  two 
boards.  It  has  fostered  education  strongly,  and 
has  made  the  instruction  of  pious  young  men 
called  to  the  ministry  one  of  its  leading  objects. 
By  the  liberality  of  its  early  founders  Mercer  Uni- 
versity has  been  established  and  sustained,  and 
several  high  schools  under  its  auspices  are  con- 
ferring great  benefits  upon  the  young  of  both 
sexes. 

Georgia  Baptist  Seminary,  The,  for  young 
ladies,  is  situated  in  the  town  of  Gainesville,  Hall 
Co.,  Ga.  This  institution  arose  from  a  desire  on 
the  part  of  the  friends  of  education  to  establish  a 
large  female  university  in  Georgia.  The  matter 
was  broached  in  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention, 
and  a  committee  of  twenty  was  appointed  to  choose 
a  location  for  it.  In  1877,  when  the  Convention 
met  at  Gainesville,  as  that  town  offered  $25,000  to 
aid  the  enterprise,  it  was  selected  as  the  home  of 
the  institution.      Work  was  commenced  on  July 

4,  1878,  and  on  the  11th  of  September  following 
the  .school  was  opened  with  flattering  prospects. 
During  the  first  year  of  its  existence  it  had  in  at- 
tendance 94  pupils,  and  during  the  second  year  125. 
It  has  a  full  corps  of  experienced  and  popular 
teachers,  and  is  presided  over  by  Rev.  Wm.  C. 
Wilkes,  an  able  educator. 

Georgia  Baptists,  History  of.— It  is  a  histori- 
cal fact  that  Baptists,  whose  descendants  now  dwell 
in  Georgia,  came  over  in  the  same  ship  with  Ogle- 
thorpe, when  he  settled  the  province  in  1733. 
Among  the  earliest  settlers  were  Wm.  Calvert,  Wm. 
Slack,   Thomas  Walker,  William  Dunham,  and  a 


GEORGIA 


442 


GEORGIA 


pcntleiimn  n;imod  Polhill.  a  woll-kiiown  Baptist 
ii;iine  in  Georgia  at  the  present  time.  Tliese  prob- 
ably united  with  some  of  the  converts  of  Nicholas 
Bedgewood  and  formed  a  branch  of  the  Charleston 
Baptist  church  at  Wliitefield's  Orphan  House,  nine 
miles  l)elow  Savannah.  Nicholas  Bcdgowood,  an 
EnglisliMian,  came  over  with  Whitetield  about  IV.'jI, 
and  was  put  in  charge  of  the  Orphan  House.  lie 
was  converted  to  Baptist  sentiments  in  1757,  and 
joined  the  church  at  Charleston,  being  baptized  by 
Rev.  Oliver  Ilart,  the  pastor.  Two  years  after  this 
iie  was  ordained,  and  in  1763  he  baptized  several 
converts  aiming  the  officers  and  inmates  of  the  Or- 
phan House.  Among  these  was  Benjamin  Stirk, 
who  became  a  minister  and  settled  at  Newington, 
eighteen  miles  above  Savannah,  in  1767.  He 
preached  in  his  own  house,  and  at  Tuckasuking, 
about  forty  miles  north  of  Savannah,  where  he 
constituted  a  bran<di  of  the  church  at  Euhaw,  S.  C 
witli  which  he  had  cunnectcd  himself,  there  being 
no  Baptist  church  in  Geiirgia.  He  died  in  1770. 
The  followingycar Edmund  Botsford,  from  England, 
converted  in  Charleston,  and  a  licentiate  of  the 
Baptist  church  there,  sent  out  as  a  domestic  mis- 
sionary, came  over  from  Euhaw,  S.  C,  at  the  call 
of  the  Tuckasuking  brethren.  He  began  in  June, 
1771,  a  ministerial  career  of  most  zealous  useful- 
ness in  Georgia,  which  continued  without  intermis- 
sion for  eight  years.  Ordained  in  1773,  he  preached 
all  over  the  country  from  Augusta  to  Savannah, 
baptized  148  persons,  organized  the  Botsford  church 
twenty-five  or  thirty  miles  below  Augusta,  and  laid 
the  foundations  of  future  churches.  Having  em- 
braced the  American  cause  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle,  he  fled  first  to  South  Carolina  and  then  to 
Virginia,  when,  in  the  spring  of  1779,  Georgia  was 
conquered  by  the  British.  This  was  the  second 
source  from  which  Baptist  principles  found  an  en- 
trance into  the  State ;  a  third  was  still  farther 
northward. 

In  January,  1771,  Rev.  Daniel  Marshall,  an  or- 
dained Baptist  minister  of  great  piety,  zeal,  and 
ability,  originally  from  Connecticut,  moved  into 
Georgia  from  South  Carolina  with  his  family,  and 
settled  on  Kiokee  Creek,  about  twenty  miles  north- 
west of  Augusta.  In  the  spring  of  1772  he  organ- 
ized the  Kiokee  church  there,  the  first  Baptist 
church  constituted  in  Georgia.  Botsford  church, 
formed  the  following  year  by  Edmund  Botsford, 
was  the  second.  Daniel  Marshall  continued  pastor 
.of  the  Kiokee  church  until  his  death,  in  1784, 
being  succeeded  by  his  son,  Abraham  Marshall, 
who  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  his  son,  Jabez  P. 
Marshall,  in  1819. 

In  1784  the  first  Baptist  Association,  known  as 
the  Georgia,  was  formed  in  the  State,  probably  at 
Kiokee  church.  At  that  time  there  were  but  six  or 
eight  Baptist  churches  in  Georgia,  and  it  is  prob- 


able that  the  following  were  the  original  constituent 
churches  of  the  body:  Kiokee,  Red  Creek  (now 
Abilene),  Little  Brier  Creek,  Fishing  Creek,  and 
Upton's  Creek.  To  these  were  added  next  year 
Phillip's  Mills  and  Whatley's  Mills  (now  Be- 
thesda).  The  principal  ministers  at  that  time  were 
Abraham  Marshall,  Silas  Mercer,  Sanders  AValkcr, 
Peter  Smith,  Lovelace  Savidge,  William  Franklin, 
and  Alexander  Scott.  The  growth  of  the  Associa- 
tion, which  at  that  time  embraced  the  whole  de- 
nomination, was  very  rapid.  In  1788  the  churches 
numbered  31  ;  in  1790  they  numbered  32,  with 
2877  members,  and  20  ministers,  17  of  whom  were 
ordained  ;  and  in  1792  the  number  of  churches  had 
increased  to  56,  scattered  over  a  wide  scope  of 
country,  some  of  them  being  in  South  Carolina. 
In  1794  the  churches  which  were  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  Association  were  dismissed  to  form  the 
Ilephzibah  Association,  the  second  formed  in  the 
State.  About  this  time  the  churches  in  South  Car- 
olina were  dismissed  also.  In  1798  other  churches 
obtained  letters  of  dismissal,  and  formed,  in  1799, 
the  Sai-epta  Association.  Notwithstanding  all  these 
withdrawals,  the  Georgia  Association  still  contained 
52  churches  in  1810,  when  all  south  of  the  Oconee 
petitioned  to  be  <lisniissed.  These  were  constituted 
into  the  Ocmulgee  Association,  the  third  formed 
directly  from  the  Georgia.  The  Savannah  River 
Association  had  been  organized  in  1803 ;  there 
were  now  five  Associations  in  the  State. 

The  early  ministers  of  the  denomination,  im- 
pelled by  a  burning  desire  to  preach  the  gospel, 
went  everywhere  proclaiming  the  Word,  and  the 
Lord  blessed  their  work  greatly.  Again  and  again 
great  and  general  revivals  of  religion  swept  over 
the  State  in  consequence  of  their  faithful  preaching. 
In  1802  not  less  than  3345  new  converts  were 
added  to  the  four  Baptist  As.sociations  of  the  State. 
In  1812-13  over  1200  were  baptized  in  the  Sarepta 
Association  alone,  and  a  great  blessing  descended 
upon  the  entire  State.  In  1827  a  memorable  and 
most  remarkable  revival  of  religion  commenced  in 
Eatonton  under  the  preaching  of  Adiel  Sherwood, 
and  resulted  in  the  addition  of  not  less  than  15,000 
or  20,000  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  churches.  More 
than  .5000  baptisms  were  reported  that  year  in 
three  Associations, — theGeorgia,  theOcmulgee,  and 
the  Flint  River.  After  a  sermon  preached  in  the 
open  air  by  Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood  at  Antioch  church, 
in  Morgan  County,  during  which  the  Holy  Spirit 
gave  him  uncommon  liberty,  4000  persons  came 
forward  for  prayer,  and  for  fifteen  years  afterwards 
persons  who  joined  the  Antioch  and  other  churches 
referred  to  that  sermon  and  time  as  the  cause  and 
date  of  their  conversion. 

A  new  and,  in  general,  a  more  cultivated  class 
of  ministers,  and,  perhaps,  not  one  whit  behind  the 
former  generation  in  zeal  and  piety,  next  appeared  ; 


GEORGIA 


443 


GEORGIA 


and  from  that  day  to  the  present,  the  ministers,  as 
a  class,  having  better  opportunities  for  education, 
have  kept  pace  with  tlie  iwlvancing  intelligence  of 
the  age.  Many  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  in  their 
associational  and  conventional  action,  have  mani- 
fested an  .ardent  desire  to  promote  the  cause  of 
missions  in  the  world,  and  of  education  in  the  de- 
nomination. 

Their  organization  for  mission  work  extends  hack 
to  the  beginning  of  the  century,  while  their  efforts 
to  promote  education  have  resulted  in  the  estab- 
lishment and  maintenance  of  one  first-class  univer- 
sity, two  large  high  schools  for  young  men,  six  col- 
leges for  young  ladies,  all  of  high  grade,  and  one 
high  school  for  the  young  of  both  seses.  These  in- 
stitutions have  real  estate  and  endowments  worth 
at  least  .'?48O,0OO.  They  liave  unflinchingly,  and 
from  the  earliest  period,  show  n  themselves  opposed 
to  all  union  of  churcli  and  state,  the  friends  of  en- 
tire religious  liberty  and  of  human  rights.  It  was 
owing  to  a  protest  of  the  Georgia  Association,  in 
178.5,  presented  by  Silas  Mercer  and  Peter  Smith, 
that  the  State  Legislature  repealed  a  law,  then  re- 
cently enacted,  "  giving  two  pence  per  pound  to 
the  minister  chosen  by  any  thirty  families,  for  his 
support,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  State  treasury."'  At 
that  time  the  Baptist  denomination  was  largely  in 
the  ascendancy  in  point  of  numbers  in  the  State  ; 
its  ministers  were  the  most  numerous,  and,  conse- 
quently, the  largest  amount  of  the  State  grant 
would  have  come  to  them. 

It  was  owing  to  a  petition  drawn  up  by  Dr. 
II.  II.  Tucker,  and  presented  to  the  State  Legisla- 
ture, in  1863,  signed  by  a  number  of  distinguished 
Baptists,  that  the  following  section  in  the  new  code 
was  immediatelj'  repealed  :  "  It  shall  be  unlawful  fur 
any  church,  society,  or  other  body,  or  any  persons, 
to  grant  any  license  or  other  authority  to  any  slave, 
or  free  person  of  color,  to  preach  or  exhort,  or  other- 
wise officiate  in  church  matters."  The  principal 
plea  made  was  that  the  section  was  a  violation  of 
religious  liberty,  to  which  the  Baptists  of  the  State 
would  never  submit. 

At  its  session  in  1864,  the  Georgia  Association 
adopted  the  following  resolution  unanimously ;  it 
is  condemnafory  of  the  pr.actioe  of  separating  hus- 
band and  wife,  which  sometimes  occurred  during 
the  slavery  era : 

"Resolved,  That  it  is  the  firm  belief  .and  convic- 
tion of  this  body  that  the  institution  of  marriage 
was  ordained  by  Almighty  God  for  the  benefit  of 
the  whole  human  race,  without  respect  to  color; 
that  it  ought  to  be  maintained  in  its  original  purity 
among  all  classes  of  people  in  all  ccmntries  and  in 
all  ages  till  the  end  of  time;  and  that,  consequently, 
the  law  of  Georgia,  in  its  failure  to  recognize  and 
protect  this  relationship  between  our  slaves,  is  es- 
sentially  defective,  and   ought   to  be   amended." 


This  resolution,  also,  was  drawn  up  and  offered  by 
Dr.  Henry  II.  Tucker. 

In  1794,  in  the  Georgia  Association,  wliich  met 
at  Powell's  Creek  meeting-house  (now  Powelton), 
Hancock  Co.,  a  memorial  to  the  Legislature,  that  a 
law  be  made  to  prevent  the  future  importation  of 
slaves,  was  presented,  read,  and  approved,  and  or- 
dered to  be  signed  by  the  moderator  and  clerk. 
Henry  Graybill  and  .lames  Sims  were  appointed  to 
present  the  memorial  to  the  Assembly.  Abraham 
Marshall  was  moderator,  and  Peter  Smith  clerk. 

In  general,  when  a  course  of  .action  has  been  de- 
cided, the  Baptists  of  Georgia  .ire  harmonious.  In 
regard  to  church  order  they  are  very  strict,  and  in 
doctrine  they  are  strongly  Calvinistic. 

The  progress  and  growth  of  the  denomination 
will  perhaps  be  best  exhibited  by  the  following 
statistical  table,  which,  though  only  approximately 
correct,  is  rather  under  than  over  the  true  figures : 

Year.                        Charohes.  Hinisters.      Memb«r3.    Associations. 

1788 32  31               2,877  I 

1790 42  72               3,211  1 

1794 75  92               4,800  5 

1812 lG:i  109  14,761  5 

1824 2M  145  18,108  10 

1829 :«6  200  28,268  16 

1832 609  225  38,382  18 

1836 .183  298  41,810  22 

1840 672  319  48,302  43 

1845 771  464  68,388  46 

1851 847  613  65,231  50 

1860 996  786  84,022  65 

1870 1218  «.n  116,198  70 

1880 2663  1663  219,726  83 

( 

Of  these,  theie  are  27  Associations  with  912 
churches,  700  ministers,  and  98,(XXI  church  mem- 
bers, who  are  colored  Baptists.  Of  the  remainder, 
alx)ut  10,000  are  anti-mission,  leaving  the  approxi- 
mate number  of  white  Baptists  friendly  to  missions 
112,000. 

According  to  its  report  the  State  Mission  Board 
of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  employed,  during 
the  last  Convention  year,  twenty-four  missionaries, 
for  all  or  a  part  of  the  year,  four  of  whom  were 
colored.  The  present  year  it  is  employing  about 
the  same  number,  of  whom  five  are  colored.  The 
Rehoboth  Association  sustains  -J.  S.  Morrow,  white, 
as  a  missionary  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  he  has 
the  guidance  and  supervision  of  many  churches 
which  have  pastors. 

Georgia,  Cherokee  Baptist  Convention  of. 
— On  the  2ljd  of  November,  1854,  a  number  of 
brethren  appointed  by  the  Middle  Cherokee  and 
Coosa  Baptist  Associations  met  at  Cassville,  Ga., 
to  form  an  organization  to  take  charge  of  the 
Cherokee  Baptist  College  at  Cassville.  There  were 
present  .John  Crawford,  .J.  W.  Lewis,  A.  W.  Buford, 
A.  R.  Wright,  and  Z.  Edwards  from  the  Middle 
Cherokee  Association,  and  E.  Dyer,  AV.  Newton, 
-J.  M.  Wood,  C.  H.  Stillwell,  W.  "s.  Battle,  and  S. 
W.  Cochran,  from  the  Coosa  Association.  G.  W. 
Tumlin  from  the  Tallapoosa  Association,  and  N. 
M.  Crawford,  J.  S.  Murray,  Wm.  Martin,  J.  D. 


GEORGIA 


444 


GEORGIA 


Collins,  T.  G.  Barron,  J.  II.  Kice,  II.  S.  Crawford, 
and  M.  J.  Crawford,  were  also  present,  and  were 
invited  to  talce  seats  and  assist  in  the  deliberations. 
Rev.  John  W.  Lewis  was  elected  moderator,  and 
C.  H.  Stillwell  clerk.  On  motion  of  C.  H.  Still- 
well,  "A  Convention,  to  be  known  as  the  Cherokee 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention,'"  was  organized,  and 
a  constitution  was  prepared  and  adopted. 

The  principles  upon  which  the  Convention  was 
constituted  were  those  "  exhibited  in  tlic  Scriptures, 
and  generally  received  by  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion of  (ieorgia ;''  the  specific  objects  were  declared 
to  be,  '■  1.  To  unite  the  friends  of  education,  and 
to  combine  their  efforts  for  the  establishment  and 
promotion  of  institutions  of  learning,  where  the 
young  of  both  sexes  may  be  thoroughly  educated 
on  the  cheapest  practicable  terms.  2.  To  foster 
and  cherish  the  spirit  of  missions,  and  to  facilitate 
missionary  operations  in  any  or  every  laudable 
way."  These  objects  were  afterwards  enlarged,  and 
were  made  to  include  the  distribution  of  the  Bible 
and  other  good  books,  and  the  education  of  indigent 
young  ministers  and  orphans. 

There  was  no  money  basis  to  the  representation, 
and  Associations,  churches,  and  societies  approving 
.and  co-operating,  might  send  messengers.  The 
Convention  grew  to  be  a  strong  and  useful  body, 
very  earnest  in  the  advocacy  and  support  of  its 
measures,  but  was  broken  up  entirely  by  the  war. 
In  sentiment  it  was  what  has  been  denominated  as 
"  landmark,"  generally.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  those  who  have  officiated  as  president 
during  its  existence:  J.  W.  Lewis,  -J.  M.  Wood, 
Edwin  Dyer,  and  Hon.  Mark  A.  Cooper. 

Among  the  instrumentalities  which  this  Conven- 
tion put  in  operation  for  the  promotion  of  its  oper- 
ations was  a  paper  called  The  Landmark  Banner 
and  Cherokee  Baptist,  which  it  determined  to  pub- 
lish at  its  session  in  Dalton.  in  the  spring  of  1859. 

Rev.  .Jesse  M.  Wood  was  selected  for  editor,  and 
the  first  nuiiil)er  was  issued  at  Rome,  in  October, 
1859.  The  paper  was  published  in  Rome  until 
June,  1860,  when  it  was  removed  to  Atlanta,  and 
the  "  Franklin  Publishing  House"  was  formed. 
Soon  after.  Rev.  II.  C.  Iloniady  was  added  to  the 
editorial  staff,  A.  S.  Worrell  becoming  also  the 
bouk  editor.  The  paper  had  the  service  of  much 
talent,  and  made  itself  felt  in  the  denomination, 
being  outspoken  and  very  decided  in  some  of  its 
view.s.  The  war  coming  on,  serious  financial  em- 
barrassments occurred.  The  publishing  house  was 
sold  to  J.  J.  Toon,  and  the  paper  passed  into  other 
hands,  and  finally  suspended,  crushed  out  of  exist- 
ence by  the  exigencies  of  war.  Before  it  expired 
its  name  was  changed  to  The  Banner  and  Baptist. 

Georgia,  Colored  Baptists  of.— In  a  work  of 
this  sort  the  distinction  between  white  and  colored 
Baptists  must  be  preserved,  since  their  organiza- 


tion, history,  and  operations  are  at  present  entirely 
distinct. 

Previous  to  and  during  the  war  the  colored  Bap- 
tists were  generally  members  of  the  white  Baptist 
churches,  although  in  many  instances  they  had 
separate  houses  of  worship,  and  sometimes  their 
churches  were  independent.  Their  training,  dis- 
cipline, and  religious  worship  were  supervised  by 
the  white  Baptists,  who  regarded  them  strictly  as 
members  of  their  churches.  They  assisted  in  their 
conferences,  sustained  their  pastors  in  whole  or  in 
part,  and  aided  by  advice  in  troublesome  cases  of 
discipline.  In  many  country  churches  a  part  of 
the  building  was  assigned  to  the  colored  brethren, ' 
or  else  a  time  for  their  special  services  was  given  to 
them,  when  the  pastor  of  the  white  church  preached 
to  them.  No  white  pastor  ever  presumed  to  ignore 
or  neglect  the  colored  members.  The  Associations 
nearly  always  appointed  missionaries  to  the  colored 
people,  and  in  the  State  Conventions  their  religious 
wants  were  sacredly  regarded.  The  result  was 
that  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war  there  was  all  over 
the  South  an  immense  number  of  colored  Baptists, 
many  of  whom  were  organized  into  churches. 
These  statements  would  hold  good  in  regard  to  the 
Methodists  of  the  South.  There  was  no  ecclesias- 
tical separation  of  the  races  until  after  the  close  of 
the  war.  The  colored  Baptists  were  then  "  dis- 
missed" from  the  white  churches,  generally  in  a 
formal  and  regular  manner,  at  their  own  request, 
and  they  formed  themselves  into  churches,  being 
always  advised  and  assisted  when  necessary  by 
their  white  brethren.  They  were  also  aided  by 
them  largely  in  the  formation  of  their  Associations 
and  Conventions,  and  in  many  cases  the  white 
ministers  held  Institutes  for  the  instruction  of  col- 
ored ministers.  The  consequence  in  Georgia  has 
been  that  the  liest  feeling  exists  between  the  white 
and  colored  Baptists.  The  latter  are  organized 
very  much  after  the  manner  of  the  white  Baptists, 
and  they  have  exhibited  a  zeal  and  intelligence  in 
the  highest  degree  commendable.  All  this,  how- 
ever, is  largely  to  be  attributed  to  the  training  re- 
ceived from  the  white  Baptists,  and  to  the  good 
feeling  and  pleasant  relations  existing  religiously 
between  the  two  races.  That  the  viliite  Baptists 
have  not  done  more  for  their  colored  brethren  since 
the  war  has  been  solely  because  of  inability  on 
account  of  the  generally  impoverished  condition  of 
the  country. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  colored  Baptists  of  Georgia  are  formed  into 
28  Associations,  which  contain  875  churches,  with 
a  membership  of  more  than  10S,0<J0.  At  least  half 
of  these  churches  maintain  Sunday-schools.  The 
Associations  send  delegates  each  year  to  a  State 
Convention  organized  on  missionary  principles, 
called  "  The  Missionary  Baptist    Convention  of 


GEORGIA 


445 


GERMAN 


Georgia,"  the  main  object  of  wliich  is  to  organize 
and  establish  churches  and  Sunday-schools  through- 
out the  State  and  to  promote  theological  education, 
as  may  be  seen  by  the  following: 

"  It  shall  be  the  object  of  this  Convention — 

"1.  To  employ  missionaries  to  travel  through 
the  waste  places  of  our  State  and  gather  the  people 
and  preach  the  gospel  to  them,  and  aid  them  in 
every  way  possible,  and  especially  in  organizing 
b  ith  churches  and  Sunday  schools. 

"2.  To  establish  a  theological  institute  for  the 
purpose  of  educating  young  men  and  those  who  are 
preaching  the  gospel  and  have  the  ministry  in  view, 
or  any  of  our  brothers'  sons  that  sustain  a  good 
moral  character,  and  to  procure  immediately  some 
central  place  in  Georgia  for  the  establishment  of 
the  same.' 

Auxiliary  to  and  a  part  of  this  State  Convention 
is  the  •'  Missionary  Baptist  Sunday-School  Conven- 
tion,"' which  is  actually  a  separate  body,  though 
composed  of  the  members  of  the  State  Convention, 
and  governed  by  the  same  rules.  It  is  well  officered 
and  is  a  very  efficient  body,  and  it  is  doing  a  good 
work  in  establishing  Sunday-schools.  Its  last  re- 
port embraces  over  200  schools,  containing  nearly 
1000  teachers  and  14,000  scholars,  which  raised 
during  the  year  5i321.61. 

The  school  at  Atlanta  for  the  education  of  col- 
ored ministers  is  doing  a  noble  work  for  a  large 
number  of  students,  and  through  them  for  the 
numerous  churches  to  which  they  shall  minister. 

Georgia  Female  College,  which  is  situated  in 
Madison,  Morgan  Co.,  Ga.,  104  miles  from  Augusta 
and  67  from  Atlanta,  was  incorporated  by  an  act 
of  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  on  the  25th  of  Jan- 
uarv.  1S.")0.  At  that  time  it  was  known  as  "  Mad- 
ison Collegiate  Institute,"  but  soon  afterwards  the 
board  of  trustees,  by  a  legislative  amendment, 
changed  the  name  to  "  Georgia  Female  College." 
The  institution  was  founded  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Baptists,  and  the  men  mainly  instrumental  in 
establishing  it  were  residents  of  Madison.  George 
Y.  Browne  was  called  to  the  care  of  the  institute 
in  1.H.50,  and  assumed  the  presidency  of  the  college 
in  1851,  afterwards  ably  and  successfully  conduct- 
ing its  operations  for  ten  consecutive  years.  In 
1801  he  removed  to  Alabama,  but  in  1870  returned 
to  Madison  and  again  accepted  the  presidency, 
which  declining  health  compelled  him  to  resign  in 
1878.  As  an  instructor  Geo.  Y.  Browne  had  no 
superior  and  but  few  equals,  and  those  who  en- 
joyed the  benefit  of  his  instruction  received  no 
superficial  education. 

Besides  Mr.  Browne,  other  distinguished  men 
have  as  its  presidents  done  honor  to  the  institution. 
Notably  among  them  may  be  named  Rov.  I.  R. 
Branham.  D.P.,  whose  cultivated  mind  and  heart 
left  an  indelible  impress  on  all  who  came  under  his 


charge.  Prof.  A.  S.  Towns,  of  South  Carolina, 
was  also  president  for  a  brief  period,  and  gave  per- 
fect satisfaction  to  his  patrons.  R.  T.  Asbury,  late 
president  of  Monroe  Female  College,  now  has 
charge  of  this  noble  institution,  having  Lately  as- 
sumed the  position.  He  has  a  widely  extended 
reputation  as  a  thorough  and  successful  teacher, 
and  is  aided  by  an  able  corps  of  assistants.  The 
main  college  building  is  a  large  and  well-arranged 
brick  edifice,  situated  in  a  beautiful  grove,  and  pre- 
senting an  attractive  appearance.  The  college  has 
a  fine  philosophical  apparatus.  The  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  is  Col.  .John  B.  AValkcr,  a 
distinguished  Baptist  layman,  who  aided  so  largely 
in  establishing  the  institution.  The  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  college  is  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Burney, 
son  of  T.  J.  Burney,  the  former  secretary  and 
treasurer,  who  was  also  one  of  the  warmest  friends 
of  the  college.  Perhaps  no  female  college  in  the 
State  has  sent  out  more  well-educated  young  ladies 
than  this  one. 

German  Baptist  Publication  Society. — This 
society  was  organized  by  the  German  Baptists  in 
the  United  States  and  Ontario  at  the  Triennial  Con- 
ference held  at  Wilmot,  Ontario,  in  1866.  It  owed 
its  origin  to  a  deep  conviction  that  the  press  should 
be  more  extensively  used  in  disseminating  Baptist 
principles  among  the  Germans  in  this  land.  For 
some  years  previous  to  this  there  had  been  pub- 
lished a  monthly  paper,  first  under  the  editorship 
of  Rev.  K.  A.  Fleisehmann.  and  subsequently  under 
that  of  Rev.  A.  Henrich.  This  paper  was  adopted 
by  the  new  society,  and  Rev.  P.  W.  Bickel  was 
appointed  its  editor  and  at  the  same  time  secretary 
of  the  society.  The  society  progressed  slowly  for 
five  years,  when,  through  the  activity  of  Rev.  P. 
AV.  Bickel,  a  capital  was  raised  for  the  more  exten- 
sive prosecution  of  the  work.  Mr.  J.  T.  Burg- 
hardt,  a  member  of  the  German  church  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  proved  himself  a  noble  helper  at  the 
right  time.  He  ofi"ered  to  give  to  the  society  a  cash 
donation  of  $2000  on  condition  that  the  German 
churches  would  make  up  an  equal  sum.  The  con- 
dition was  fully  complied  with.  These  donations 
were  used  in  the  year  1872  in  buying  a  piece  of 
property  in  Cleveland,  O.  A  house  wa.s  erected, 
types,  presses,  and  machinery  were  bought,  books, 
tracts,  and  papers  explaining  and  defending  our 
principles  were  published  and  spread  liroadcast 
over  the  land.  These  publications  have  given  ma- 
terial help  in  spreading  Baptist  principles  among 
the  Germans  and  in  increasing  the  membership. 
In  1874  Der  Sendbote,  the  weekly  periodical  of  the 
society,  was  enlarged  to  eight  pages.  The  first  ac- 
commodations becoming  too  small,  in  1878  a  large 
three-story  building  was  erected  at  the  corner  of 
Jayne  Avenue  and  P.iyton  Street  (on  a  lot  donated 
to  the  society  by  the  Cleveland  Baptist  Union), 


GERMAN 


446 


GERMAN 


where  the  business  is  now  carried  on,  and  wliere 
every  facility  is  had  for  doinj;  first-class  work. 

The  society  is  sending  forth  its  publications  into 
many  lands.  Its  weekly  and  Sunday-school  papers 
circulate  not  only  in  this  country,  but  also,  to  some 
extent  at  least,  in  Germany,  Russia,  and  Australia, 
and  even  in  South  Africa,  wherever  in  these  lands 
German  emigrants  are  found. 

The  regular  publications  of  the  society  are  Der 
Sendliole,  a  weekly  paper,  and  three  monthlies, 
Per  Munlere  Saemann  (The  Cheerful  Sower),  a 
child's  paper,  Die  Sonntagsfreude  (Sabbath  Joy), 
a  lesson  paper,  and  Der  Weyweiser  (The  Guide),  a 
montlily  tract  for  general  distribution.  There  are 
also  issued  from  time  to  time  books  and  pamphlets 
for  the  use  of  the  German  Baptist  churches. 

In  1878,  Rev.  P.  W.  Bickel,  D.D.,  having  been 
sent  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
to  organize  and  conduct  a  Publication  Society  at 
Hamburg,  Germany,  Rev.  J.  C.  Ilaselhuhn  was 
elected  to  fill  his  place,  and  is  now  the  chief  execu- 
tive officer. 

German  Baptists  in  America. — Rev.  K.  A. 
Fleischmann  was  sent  by  George  Miiller,  of  Bristol, 
England,  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  Germans  in 
America.  There  existed  at  the  time  great  religious 
destitution  among  the  Germans  in  the  New  World. 
Mr.  Fleischmann  commenced  his  labors  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  where,  in  October,  1839,  the  first  Gernmn  con- 
verts were  baptized.  The  believers  whom  he  bap- 
tized were  united  in  an  organization  for  mutual  edi- 
fication, yet  it  seems  that  a  regular  Baptist  church 
was  not  formed  there  until  1S49,  when  this  body  of 
believers  fully  accepted  the  principles  of  the  Regular 
Baptists,  and  united  with  the  East  New  Jersey  Bap- 
tist Association.  Leaving  Newark,  N.  J.,  Mr. 
Fleischnmnn  labored  successfully  in  the  city  of 
Reading,  Pa.,  and  especially  in  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa., 
and  then  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  through 
his  zealous  efforts  a  church  of  baptized  believers 
was  founded  in  May,  184.3.  This  church  was  re- 
ceived into  the  Philadelphia  Association  in  1848. 
Subsequent  to  the  formation  of  the  church  in  Phila- 
delphia, regular  German  Baptist  churches  were 
formed  under  the  labor  of  godly  men  in  New  York 
in  1840,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1848,  in  Buffalo  in 

1849,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1850,  in  Chicago,  111.,  in 

1850,  and  in  Bridgeport,  Ont.,  in  1851. 

In  1851  the  number  of  missionaries  and  churches 
had  so  far  increased  that  a  Conference  of  pastors 
and  churches  was  formed  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The 
ministers  who  attended  this  first  Conference  were 
J.  Eschmann,  K.  A.  Fleischmann,  A.  Ilenrich,  A. 
Rauschenbusch,  and  A.  von  Puttkammer.  A  few 
delegates  also  were  in  attendance.  Letters  were 
sent  by  several  missionaries  who  could  not  be  pres- 
ent. It  was  indeed  a  day  of  small  things,  but  foun- 
dations were  laid  in  faith  for  the  work  of  the  future. 


A  hymn-book  for  the  churches  was  projected  and 
subsequently  published  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society.  It  was  felt  that  a  periodical 
was  needed  for  the  diffusion  of  Baptist  principles 
among  the  Germans,  and  for  the  successful  advance- 
ment of  the  missionary  enterprise  in  the  churches, 
and  Rev.  K.  A.  Fleischmann  was  appointed  to  edit  a 
monthly  paper  for  that  purpose.  Providentially,  in 
the  same  year  a  way  was  opened  by  which  young 
and  older  men  in  the  churches,  who  felt  themselves 
called  to  enter  the  harvest-field,  could  obtain  the 
necessary  preparation.  A  German  department  had 
been  formed  in  connection  with  the  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  The  next  annual  meeting  of  the 
Conference,  held  in  Rochester  in  1852,  proved  that 
encouraging  progress  had  been  made  in  every  di- 
rection. 

In  1859  the  number  of  the  churches  had  so  far 
increased  that  the  Conference  was  divided  into  the 
Eastern  and  the  Western,  comprising  the  Eastern 
and  Western  States,  each  Conference  restricting 
its  special  missionary  work  to  its  immediate  field. 
Great  help  in  the  extension  of  the  work  came  from 
three  causes, — the  services  which  the  Gernmn  theo- 
logical department  at  Rochester  rendered  in  fur- 
nishing men  qualified  to  be  pastors,  the  timely  and 
continued  aid  and  co-operation  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  and  kindred  organi- 
zations, and  the  providential  guidance  through 
which  such  men  of  talent,  zeal,  and  piety  as  Rev.  A. 
Rauschenbusch,  A.  von  Puttkammer,  A.  Ilenrich, 
II.  Schneider,  and  a  number  of  others,  were  led  to 
accept  Scriptural  views  concerning  baptism.  Thus 
faithful  men,  some  of  whom  had  been  very  useful 
long  before  they  became  Baptists,  were  called  into 
this  work,  and  doors  of  extensive  usefulness  were 
opened  to  them. 

The  denomination  continued  to  spread,  especially 
in  the  Western  States,  whither  the  tide  of  German 
immigration  was  moving.  Since  the  separate  or- 
ganization of  the  Western  Conference  its  work  has 
extended  into  the  States  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Kentucky,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri, 
Nebraska,  Ohio,  Wisconsin,  Oregon,  and  Texas  ; 
and  that  of  the  Eastern  Conference,  though  not  em- 
bracing so  large  a  territory,  has  been  constantly 
growing. 

It  was  soon  felt  that  the  interests  of  the  German 
cause  would  be  greatly  aided  by  a  Triennial  Con- 
ference, embracing  both  Annual  Conferences  and  all 
the  churches.  The  first  meeting  of  the  Triennial 
Conference  was  held  in  September,  1865,  with  the 
church  at  Wilmot,  Ontario.  Rev.K.  A.  Fleischmann 
presided,  and  Revs.  J.  C.  Haselhuhn  and  J.  S.  Gubel- 
mann  were  appointed  secretaries.  A  German  Pub- 
lication Society  was  formed,  the  religious  periodical 
of  the  churches  changed  into  a  weekly  paper,  and 
placed  under  the  editorship  of  Rev.  P.  W.  Bickel. 


GERMAN 


447 


GERMAN 


When  the  first  Confei-ence  met  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  in  1851,  there  were  in  all  8  churches,  <S  pastors, 
and  405  members.  In  1880  there  were  4  Confer- 
ences, or  Associations,  130  churches,  11.5  pastors, 
and  9020  memtjers.  Counting  those  who  were  con- 
verted through  the  labors  of  German  missionaries 
and  who  may  now  be  member.-)  of  Eiiglish-.-ipeakintf 
churches,  the  number  of  German  Baptists  must 
exceed  10,000.  Considering  the  special  difficulties 
in  their  way  the  growth  of  the  German  Baptists 
has  been  steady  and  cheering. 

Much  religious  activity  is  manifested  in  the  Ger- 
man churches.  The  Sunday-school  work  is  actively 
carried  on.  Tlie  churches  sustain  a  number  of 
students  preparing  for  the  ministry  in  the  theolog- 
ical school  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  They  have  also 
founded  an  academy.  Their  efficient  Publication 
Society  is  disseminating  Baptist  literature  in  many 
forms.  The  German  churches  contributed  in  one 
year  for  the  support  of  the  gospel,  and  for  be- 
nevolent purposes,  IjiTOiS  18.44,  which  is  over  S9 
per  member ;  for  home  missions  alone  they  gave 
$3580.60,  which  is  nearly  44  cents  per  member. 

In  doctrine  and  practice  the  German  churches 
in  this  country  are  in  accord  with  their  English- 
speaking  brethren  ;  they  generally  belong  to  Eng- 
lish Associations ;  their  peculiar  union  as  Confer- 
ences being  simply  for  the  effective  prosecution  of 
their  special  work. 

German  Baptists,  or  Brethren. — The  German 
Baptists  first  became  a  distinct  body  of  believers, 
separate  from  the  corrupt  elements  by  which 
they  were  surrounded,  about  the  year  1708,  near 
Schwartzenau,  Germany. 

They  do  not  pretend  to  trace  their  line  of  .suc- 
cession up  to  the  Apostles.  They  hold  rather  to  the 
succession  of  the  faith,  practices,  and  rites  of  the 
Apostolic  Church.  They  believe  that  the  true  re- 
ligious succession  consists  not  in  personal  contact, 
but  in  association  with  Jesus  Christ,  and  in  obedi- 
ence to  him  in  word  and  doctrine. 

After  their  separate  permanent  organization  they 
increased  very  rapidly.  But  they  did  not  long  enjoy 
prosperity,  for  the  hand  of  persecution  was  lifted 
against  them,  and  they  were  driven,  some  to  Hol- 
land and  Friesland,  and  many,  in  1710-1729,  to 
America.  They  established  their  first  church  in  the 
United  States  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  from  which  the 
denomination  has  spread  over  the  Middle,  most  of 
the  Southern,  and  all  of  the  Western  States. 

From  8,  that  composed  the  first  congregation, 
there  have  now  arisen  100,000  follower.s  of  Christ, 
with  about  2IX)0  ministers,  26  Annual  District,  and 
one  General  Annual  Conference,  which  is  composed 
of  representatives  chosen  by  the  District  Confer- 
ences. They  control  three  excellent  seminaries, 
which  are  now  doing  efficient  educational  work. 
Successful  home  and  foreign  missions  have  been 


established.  The  increase  of  the  church  of  late 
years  has  been  very  rapid. 

They  have  four  weekly  papers,  one  monthly 
magazine,  and  one  weekly  paper  designed  for  the 
young,  and  intended  to  meet  the  demand  of  their 
rapidly-increasing  Sunday-schools. 

They  believe  in  one  true  and  living  God,  the 
Creator  of  the  intelligent  hosts  of  earth  and  heaven, 
of  the  universe  visible  and  invisible,  the  omnipo- 
tent and  omniscient  sustainer  and  benefactor  of  all 
things. 

They  believe  that  Jesus  Christ  is  the  Son  of  the 
living  God  ;  that  he  was  and  will  continue  to  be 
co-existent  with  the  Father  ;  that  he  is  divine  in  his 
attributes  ;  that  he  came  to  this  world  the  incarna- 
tion of  God ;  that  he  laid  down  his  life  for  us,  was 
buried,  and  rose  again  ;  that  he  ascended  to  the 
Father,  where  he  is  now  the  advocate  of  his  peo- 
ple;  that  it  is  alone  through  his  meritorious  death 
and  triumphant  resurrection  that  his  people  have 
redemption  and  eternal  life;  that  he  will  again 
personally  come  to  this  earth  to  gather  his  elect 
together. 

They  believe  that  the  Holy  Spirit  is  a  divine 
personage,  co-eternal  in  existence  with  the  Father 
and  the  Son  ;  that  he  was  sent  into  the  world  to 
convince  it  of  sin,  of  righteousness,  and  of  judg- 
ment; that  he  is  the  guide,  the  enlightener,  and 
the  comforter  of  the  people  of  God.  They  believe 
that  these  threcdivine  persons,  the  Father,  the  Son, 
and  the- Holy  Spirit,  are  one  God,  eternal  and  om- 
nipotent. 

They  believe  that  the  New  Testament  is  the 
word  and  the  will  of  God  revealed  through  Jesus 
Christ,  and  by  the  inspiration  of  the  Spirit  through 
the  holy  Apostles ;  that  the  Old  Testament  is  in- 
spired, and  the  Scriptures  are  the  only  infallible 
rule  of  faith  and  practice  to  which  the  followers 
of  Christ  can  look,  and  that  they  should  strictly 
adhere  both  in  letter  and  in  spirit  to  their  teachings. 

They  do  not  practise  infant  baptism.  They  be- 
lieve that  only  persons  who  are  competent  to  ex- 
ercise intelligent,  saving  faith  in  Christ,  and  who 
repent  of  sin,  are  proper  subjects  of  baptism.  In 
baptism  they  are  immersionists  exclusively.  They 
baptize  into  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the 
Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  not  by  one  action,  but 
by  three,  thus  constituting  a  triple  immersion. 
During  the  observance  of  the  rite  the  candidate 
kneels  and  is  dipped  face  forward,  the  imposition 
of  hands  and  prayer  occurring  while  the  candidate 
still  kneels  in  the  water. 

They  celebrate  the  communion  of  the  bread  and 
cup,  commemorative  of  the  death  of  Christ,  in  the 
evening,  accompanied  by  the  ancient  love-feast. 
During  this  observance  they  eat  as  one  family  at 
the  Lord's  table,  thus  exhibiting  a  fraternal  band 
of  Christian  believers. 


GERMANY 


448 


GERMANY 


Associated  with  the  communion  and  Agaptp, 
they  practise  the  washing  of  one  anotlier"s  feet  as 
a  Christian  ordinance,  and  as  a  reason  for  such 
practice  they  refer  to  Jno.  xiii.  1-17. 

In  connection  with  feet-wasliing,  or  wliile  sur- 
rounding the  tahle,  tliey  extend  tlie  Imnd  of  fellow- 
ship and  salute  one  another  with  the  holy  kiss. 
—2  Cor.  .xiii.  12;   1  Pet.  v.  14. 

They  al-so  when  called  upon  pray  over  their  sick, 
anointing  them  witli  oil  in  the  name  of  the  Lord, 
. — .James  v.  14,  1.5. 

They  hold  very  sacred  the  non-resistant  principles 
of  the  Apostolic  Church.  They  do  not  go  to  war, 
will  not  bear  arms,  nor  even  loam  the  art  of  war. 
Neither  do  they  swear  the  civil  or  any  other  oath 
before  magistrates  or  in  courts  of  justice.  They 
are  noted  for  their  modesty  in  apparel,  plainness 
of  speech,  and  distinguished  hospitality. 

Their  church  polity  is  not  entirely  Congrega- 
tional. When  differences  arise  in  matters  of  expe- 
diency which  cannot  be  disposed  of  satisfactorily 
by  the  individual  community,  they  are  referred  to 
the  Annual  Conference  for  advice  or  adjudication. 
Thus  they  live  together  in  communities,  simple  and 
harmless,  adjusting  their  misunderstandings  not 
by  civil  law,  but  by  the  gospel  rule. — ^Matt.  xviii. 
15-17. 

Oermany,  Baptists  in. — The  First  Baptist 
church  in  Germany  in  modern  times  was  consti- 
tuted in  Hamburg  in  1834.  Mr.  J.  G.  Oncken, 
born  Jan.  26,  1800,  in  the  town  of  Varel,  grand 
duchy  of  Oldenliurg,  Germany,  came  to  England 
in  his  youth,  and  was  there  converted.  Manifest- 
ing talent,  he  w.as  sent  back  as  a  missionary  to  his 
native  land  in  1823,  by  a  society  in  Great  Rritain 
which  had  been  formed  with  special  reference  to 
the  evangelizatiiin  of  the  Continent.  He  labored 
zealously  and  effoctively,  preaching  the  gospel  on 
the  shores  of  the  Genuan  Ocean,  in  the  cities  of 
Hamburg  and  Bremen,  and  in  East  Friesland. 
Everywhere  open  doors  were  set  before  him,  and 
many  were  converted. 

While  Mr.  Oncken  was  regularly  and  successfully 
preaching  in  Hamburg,  the  question  of  believer's 
baptism  seems  first  to  have  occupied  his  attention. 
Without  any  influence  from  without,  simply  as  a 
result  of  earnest  study  of  the  Scriptures,  the  con- 
viction gradually  grew  upon  him  that  the  immer- 
sion of  believers  was  the  only  Scriptural  baptism. 
A  strong  impulse  in  this  direction,  however,  was 
given  him  by  his  intercourse  with  a  Baptist  brother 
from  America,  Capt.  Tubbs,  a  member  of  the  old 
Sanson!  Street  church,  in  Philadelphia,  who  was 
for  some  time  an  inmate  of  Sir.  Oncken's  family, 
and  through  whom  communication  between  Mr. 
Oncken  and  the  Baptists  in  America  began. 

On  the  22d  day  of  April,  1834,  in  the  dead  of 
night,  Mr.  Oncken  and  six  others  were  baptized  by 


Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  then  of  the  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Tlieological  Institution,  in  the  river  Elbe,  near 
Haml)urg.  On  the  following  day  the  brethren 
were  organized  into  a  church.  Mr.  Oncken  was 
soon  after  this  set  apart  by  solemn  prayer  and  the 
laying  on  of  hands  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  min- 
istry. In  a  chamber  of  Mr.  Oncken's  former  resi- 
dence. No.  7  Englische  Planke,  may  be  seen  the  spot 
where  the  Baptist  church  in  Hamburg  was  organ- 
ized, and  where  Mr.  Oncken  was  set  apart  as  its 
pastor.  Here  was  laid  the  foundation  of  a  work 
which,  under  tiie  blessing  of  God,  has  extended 
through  Germany  and  adjacent  countries. 

The  baptism  of  .Mr.  Oncken  and  the  founding  of  a 
Baptist  church  created  a  greatsensation.  The  earn- 
est preacher  had  suffered  persecution  before  he  be- 
came a  Baptist,  while  yet  in  connection  with  the  In- 
dependents, but  now  persecution  rose  to  its  height. 
The  constant  growth  of  the  little  church  exasper- 
ated the  clergy  and  the  authorities.  It  was  decided 
that  this  could  no  longer  be  tolerated.  On  a  week- 
day evening  police-officers  came  into  the  meeting 
and  drove  the  members  into  the  street,  amidst  the 
jubilant  shouts  of  the  populace.  Mr.  Oncken  was 
arrested  and  conveyed  to  prison,  where  he  was  sub- 
jected to  the  treatment  received  by  the  lowest  pris- 
oners. After  a  few  days  he  was  tried,  convicted, 
and  sentenced  to  an  imprisonment  of  lour  weeks. 
On  other  occasions  he  was  fined,  and,  as  his  con- 
science did  not  permit  him  to  pay  them,  his  goods 
were  seized  and  sold.  Driven  out  from  their  place 
of  meeting,  the  church  secured  another,  where  God 
wrought  marvolously  in  their  behalf.  Through  the 
great  fire  in  1S42,  and  their  generosity  in  offering  an 
asylum  to  the  destitute,  the  power  of  the  persecutor 
was  greatly  weakened. 

The  work  thus  begun  amidst  strong  persecution 
was  destined  soon  to  spread  into  other  cities  of  Ger- 
many. The  numerous  connections  Mr.  Oncken  had 
formed  at  the  beginning  of  his  evangelistic  activities 
in  1823,  and  also  as  an  agent  of  the  Edinburgh  Bible 
Society,  naturally  made  his  change  of  views  a  matter 
of  conversation  and  consideration  in  different  places. 
Here  and  there  small  liands  of  believers  were 
formed  who  accepted  these  views  as  Scriptural, 
and  gradually  these  bands  grew  into  large  and  in- 
fluential churches.  The  first  instance  of  this  nature 
was  the  organization  of  the  church  in  Berlin, 
Prussia,  in  18.37.  In  1830,  Mr.  Oncken  had  made 
the  acquaintance,  in  Berlin,  of  Mr.  G.  W.  Lehmann, 
a  steel  engraver.  The  subsequent  baptism  of  Mr. 
Oncken  led  Mr.  Lehmann  to  a  prayerful  and  pro- 
tr.acted  consideration  of  tlie  subject.  As  a  result, 
in  spite  of  much  opposition  and  of  the  severe  self- 
denial  which  such  a  step  would  cost,  Lehmann  and 
a  few  others  felt  that  it  was  their  duty  to  be  baptized. 
On  the  13th  day  of  May,  1837,  the  first  modern  bap- 
tism in  Prussia  took  place  near  Berlin.     At  three 


GERMANY 


449 


GERMANY 


o'clock  in  the  morning  of  that  day  a  little  group  of 
believers  passed  outof  theStralauergate  to  the  Kuin- 
melsberger  Lake,  where,  after  fervent  prayer,  Mr. 
Lehmann,  his  wife,  and  four  others  were  immersed 
by  Mr.  Oncken,  atthe  very  time  when  the  first  rays  of 
the  rising  sun  gilded  the  skies.  On  the  following  day 
Mr.  Oncken  preached  a  powerful  sermon  from  John 
xiv.  16.  In  the  afternoon  of  that  day  the  little  church 
of  six  members  was  constituted.  Mr.  G.  W.  Leh- 
mann was  appointed  pastor.  He  assumed  this  office, 
and  supported  himself  until  1838,  when  he  received 
aid  from  the  American  B:i]itist  Missionary  Union. 
In  1840,  Mr.  Lehmann  was  formally  ordained,  and 


organized  in  Copenhagen,  but  this  beginning  of  the 
work  in  Denmark  was  made  under  severe  trials. 
Rev.  Peter  Moenster,  the  pastor,  was  sentenced  to 
ten  weeks'  imprisonment  for  preaching  and  admin- 
istering baptism,  and  then  banished.  The  same 
pastor,  with  his  brother.  Rev.  Adolph  Moenster, 
was  afterwards  confined  in  prison  for  an  entire 
year.  In  the  beginning  of  184.5  there  were  17 
preachers  and  assistant.s,  26  churches,  and  nearly 
1.500  members.  Before  1849  the  churches  were 
formed  into  Associations ;  these  Associations  were 
united  in  a  Triennial  Conference,  the  first  meeting 
of  which  was  held  in  Hamburg  in  January,  1849. 


MISSION    rUAI'EI,,    IIAMItUKU. 


from  that  time  the  Saviour's  kingdom  began  to 
prosper. 

In  the  year  following  the  organization  of  the 
church  in  Berlin,  two  other  churches  were  founded, 
one  in  Oldenburg  with  13  members,  and  one  in 
Stuttgart,  the  capital  of  WUrtemberg,  with  23  mem- 
bers. It  seems  providential  that  in  each  church 
formed  there  was  one  among  their  own  number 
capable  of  pi-caching  the  gospel. 

We  cannot  follow  minutely  the  progress  of  the 
Baptists  in  Ilesse,  Bavaria,  Pomerania.  Hanover, 
and  Southern  Germany.  Though  gradual,  and 
amidst  continual  and  often  fierce  opposition  from 
the  state  church  and  the  authorities,  it  was  a  con- 
stant and  blessed  triumph.     In  1839  a  church  was 


In  1851  there  were  32  churches  in  theGerman  mis- 
sion, including  14  in  Prussia,  5  in  Denmark,  and  2  in 
Switzerland.  On  the  23d  of  April,  1859,  the  church 
in  Hamburg  celebrated  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary. 
"  The  origin.al  seven  had  grown  to  seven  thousand, 
and  stretched  across  the  German  states  from  the 
North  Sea  to  Russia,  from  the  Baltic  well-nigh  to 
Russia."  At  the  eighth  Triennial  Conference, 
held  in  July,  1870,  the  German  Baptists  were  re- 
ported "  to  have  entered  all  quarters  of  the  globe." 
They  now  possess  churches  or  mission  stations  in 
most  of  the  German  states,  in  Switzerland.  Hol- 
land, Denmark,  Russia,  Poland,  Bulgaria,  Turkey, 
Austria,  and  South  Africa.  In  addition  to  this  the 
denomination  in  Sweden  owes  its  origin  in  part  to 


GESSLER 


450 


GWDINGS 


the  German  mission.  As  early  as  1S41  tlio  lirctliren 
in  Germany  reported  a  colporteur  laborin;;  in  Nor- 
way, and  in  KSdI  a  churoh  in  Sweden  with  58 
members.  In  1854  two  brethren  from  Sweden  were 
baptized  in  Hamburg  and  empowered  to  administer 
baptism  to  others.  Besides,  a  large  number  of  Ger- 
man Baptists  have  emigrated  to  America,  and 
helped  to  increase  the  membership  of  tlie  German 
churches  here. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  German  work  from 
the  beginning  has  been  eminently  of  a  missionary 
character,  and  that  it  has  shared  to  a  large  extent 
tlie  fostering  care  of  American  Baptists.  The 
prospects  for  the  future  are  encouraging.  Divisions 
which  some  years  ago  seemed  destined  to  retard 
growth  have  been  healed.  Pressing  needs  are 
gradually  being  supplied.  One  of  these  is  a  theo- 
logical seminary  for  the  adequate  training  of  the 
ministry.  Such  an  institution  has  just  been 
founded,  and  steps  are  being  taken  to  place  it 
upon  a  permanent  financial  basis.  Another  is  the 
preparation  and  spread  of  sound  Baptist  literature. 
For  this  purpose  a  Publication  Society  has  been 
formed,  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
furnishing  an  able  manager  and  editor  in  the  per- 
son of  U(!v.  P.  W.  Bickel,  D.D.  Doors  are  opening 
far  and  wide,  and  if  men  and  moans  can  be  fur- 
nished the  successes  achieved  promise  to  be  but  the 
small  beginnings  of  a  work  of  wonderful  extent 
and  power. 

At  the  close  of  1879  there  were  in  Germany 
16,G()2  members,  and  the  gospel  was  preached  at 
1173  preaching  stations.  Adding  the  membership 
in  Austria,  Denmark,  Switzerland,  Poland,  Russia, 
Turkey,  South  Africa,— countries  to  which  German 
Baptists  have  gone,  and  whose  churches  are  included 
in  the  German  Baptist  "Bund,"  or  Union, — the 
total  number  cannot  now  be  much  less  than  27,000. 
The  increase  is  certainly  cheering.  It  has  been 
observed  that  since  the  first  church  was  formed  in 
Hamburg,  every  year  but  four  has  witnessed  the 
organization  of  new  churches.  And  yet  the  work 
is  but  begun.  Millions  upon  millions  have  not  yet 
been  reached.  Should  not  the  abundant  blessings 
of  the  past  induce  Baptists  to  aid  in  spreading  the 
gospel  throughout  the  whole  of  Germany  ? 

Gessler,  Rev.  Theodore  A.  K.,  A.M.,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Oct.  16,  1841.  He  passed  through 
the  lower  grades  of  the  public  schools  and  the  High 
School.  Subsequently  he  studied  law.  He  was 
baptized  in  his  native  city  by  Rev.  Benj.  Griffith, 
D.D.  Under  a  conviction  of  duty  he  abandoned  the 
study  of  law,  and  entered  Lewisburg  University  to 
prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  was  graduated  in 
1864.  Ilis  first  pastorate  was  at  West  Farms,  N.  Y., 
which  continued  fourj'ears,  during  which  thechurch 
was  greatly  strengthened  and  a  new  house  of  wor- 
ship built  and  paid  for.    From  this  charge  he  went  to 


Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  and  accepted  a  call  from  the  First 
Baptist  church.  He  remained  on  that  field  twelve 
years,  during  which  large  accessions  were  made  to 
the  church,  and  a  handsomeand  commodious  house 
of  worship  was  built,  costing  about  S60,000. 

In  1874  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  New 
Jersey  Sunday-School  Union,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  removal  from  the  State. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1880,  he  entered  upon 
the  pastorate  of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of 
Brooklyn.  Mr.  Gessler  is  a  zealous  worker  in  the 
church,  an  interesting  speaker,  clear-headed,  warm- 
hearted, eminently  social,  and  has  had  unvarying 
success  in  all  his  settlements. 

Gibson,  Rev.  J.  G.,  of  CrawfordviUe,  Ga.,  an 
able  and  intluential  Baptist  minister,  was  born 
March  29,  1832,  in  Morgan  Co.,  Ala.,  where  he 
lived  for  fifteen  years.  He  removed  to  Oglethorpe 
Co.,  Ga.,  in  1847.  He  was  converted,  and  united 
with  Millstone  church  in  1850.  He  studied  l.aw  in 
Lexington,  and  when  the  late  civil  war  commenced 
he  was  clerk  of  the  Inferior  and  Superior  Courts, 
and  also  acting  ordinary  for  his  county,  but  re- 
signed to  enter  the  artillery  service  as  lieutenant, 
in  which  he  continued  until  the  war  closed.  He 
served  chielly  in  Florida,  and  was  for  a  time  pro- 
vost-marshal and  commandant  of  the  postal  Talla- 
hassee. After  the  war  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
County  Court,  and  held  the  position  two  years,  but 
resigned  that  he  might  devote  himself  exclusively 
to  the  ministry.  He  was  ordained  in  1865,  since 
which  time  he  has  served  Millstone,  Salem,  Lex- 
ington, Crawford,  and  other  churches  in  Oglethorpe 
County.  Mr.  Gibson  is  a  man  of  marked  ability 
and  great  strength  of  character.  He  is  also  well 
read,  and  a  persevering  student.  Perhaps  no  min- 
ister in  Georgia  is  more  beloved  by  his  churches,  .- 
or  more  honored  by  the  community  in  which  he 
lives.  There  are  few,  if  any,  better  preachers  in  the 
State  ;  he  is  logical,  earnest,  and  eloquent.  An  ex- 
cellent organizer,  he  has  trained  all  his  churches  in 
systematic  benevolence,  until  they  have  attained  a 
high  degree  of  liberality,  never  failing  to  a  full  per- 
formance of  duty,  not  merely  in  regard  to  church 
services,  Ijut  in  all  those  grand  benevolent  enter- 
prises in  which  the  denomination  is  interested. 

GiddingS,  Rev.  Rockwood,  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire,  Aug.  8,  1812.  He  joined  a  Baptist 
church  in  his  youth,  and  exhibited  remarkable 
consecration  from  that  time  until  his  death.  After 
a  thorough  preparatory  course  of  instruction  he 
entered  Waterville  College,  graduating  in  1833. 
He  hesitated  as  to  whether  God  had  called  him  to 
preach  the  gospel.  He  removed  to  Virginia  and 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  afterwards 
located  in  Warsaw,  Ky.  Here  he  had  just  com- 
pleted his  medical  studies  when  he  was  impressed 
with  a  desire  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  accepted  or- 


GIDNEY 


451 


GIFFORD 


dination  in  1835.  lit;  became  pastor  of  tlie  Baptist 
cliuroh  in  Shelbyville,  Ky.  His. success  was  iilmost 
marvelous.  In  the  fall  of  1838  he  was  made  presi- 
dent of  Georgetown  College,  which  at  that  time 
was  without  a  faculty  or  an  endowment,  lie 
speedily  organized  the  institution,  with  a  full  corps 
of  professors,  and  gathered  into  it  a  number  of  stu- 
dents, lie  then  exerted  himself  to  raise  an  endow- 
ment, and  in  eight  months  he  secured  $80,000  in 
unconditional  notes  ;  he  then  attempted  to  secure 
half  that  amount  in  cash,  and  traveled  long  jour- 
neys, preaching  everywhere  as  he  went.  But  the 
constant  strain  was  too  much  for  his  delicate  con- 
stitution, and  while  preaching,  he  sank  down  in 
tlie  pulpit,  from  which  he  was  carried  to  Sholhy- 
ville,  where  he  died  on  the  29th  of  October,  1S39. 

Gidney,  Angus  M.,  was  born  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, May  4,  IMJ3  ;  converted  and  baptized  in  An- 
napolis Co.,  Nova  Scotia.  lie  is  a  literary  man 
and  a  poet ;  was  for  many  years  editor  of  a  secular 
paper  in  Yarmouth  an<l  Bridgetown.  Mr.  Gidney 
was  recently  sergeant-at-avms  in  the  House  of  As- 
sembly in  Nova  Scotia. 

Gifford,  Andrew,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  Aug.  17,  1700.  He  was  converted  in  his 
boyhood,  and  baptized  in  his  fifteenth  year.  At 
the  academy  where  he  was  educated  there  were 
some  students  who  became  noted  men  afterwards  ; 
and  among  these  was  Dr.  Seeker,  who  became 
archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

Mr.  Gifford,  perhaps  about  his  twenty-fifth  year, 
became  assi-stant  minister  to  the  Rev.  George  Eaton, 
of  Nottingham.  He  subsequently  sustained  for 
two  years  the  same  relation  to  the  Rev.  Bernard 
Foskett,  of  Bristol.  On  Feb.  5,  1729,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  meeting  in  Little  Wild  Street, 
London.  There  was  a  division  in  Mr.  Gifford's 
community  in  1736,  which  led  to  the  formation  of 
a  new  church  by  the  pastor  and  a  majority  of  the 
members.  Mr.  Gifford  and  his  friends  erected  a 
new  meeting-house  in  Eagle  Street,  Red  Lion 
Square,  which  was  dedicated  Feb.  20,  1737.  During 
the  ministry  of  Mr.  Gifford  this  house  was  twice 
enlarged  to  accommodate  the  ever-increasing  con- 
gregations. 

Mr.  Gifford  early  became  celebrated  for  his  ac- 
quaintance with  and  appreciation  of  ancient  manu- 
scripts and  coins.  Ilis  collection  of  rare  coins  was 
the  most  valuable  in  Great  Britain  ;  it  attracted 
the  attention  of  George  II.,  who  purchased  it  for 
his  own  cabinet.  lie  became  a  recognized  author- 
ity of  national  reputation  upon  subjects  of  this 
character.  He  was,  of  course,  a  member  of  the 
Antiquarian  Society. 

During  a  visit  to  Edinburgh  he  was  honored  with 
the  freedom  of  that  ancient  city.  In  1754  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen.     In  1757  he  was 


appointed  assistant  librarian  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum. His  personal  friends,  Lord  C'hancelbir 
Hardwicke,  Archbishop  Herring,  Speaker  Onslow, 
and  Sir  Richard  Ellys,  procured  him  this  impor- 
tant position.  He  did  nut  permit  the  duties  of 
his  place  in  the  Museum  to  interfere  with  his  pas- 
toral labors.  He  had  in  his  new  station  tlie  best 
opportunity  conceivable  for  increasing  his  vast 
knowledge,  and  adding  to  the  list  of  liis  distin- 
guished friends.  The  Marquis  of  Lothian,  the  Earl 
of  Halifax,  Lord  Dartmouth,  Lord  Buchan,  and 
others  of  the  nobility  were  occasionally  seen  in  the 
congregation  of  Dr.  Gifford. 

He  was  a  zealous  Baptist,  and  he  permitted  no 
aristocratic  associations  tu  turn  him  from  the  teach- 
ings of  the  New  Testament.  He  was  a  firm  Cal- 
vinist,  and  on  all  proper  occasions  proclaimed  the 
doctrines  of  grace.  He  was  a  warm  friend  of  George 
AVhiteficld  and  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,  and 
gloried  in  seeing  souls  brought  to  Jesus.  He  died 
June  19,  1784. 

Dr.  Gifford  bequeathed  his  library,  pictures,  and 
manuscripts,  with  a  vast  collection  of  curiosities, 
to  the  Bristol  Baptist  College.  In  the  library  and 
museum  of  that  institution  these  valuable  gifts 
are  still  to  be  seen  ;  and  no  doubt  they  will  long 
continue  to  impart  instruction  to  the  living,  and 
to  increase  veneration  for  the  learned  and  saintly 
donor,  whose  pictures  and  bequests  claim  their 
admiration. 

Gifford,  Rev.  John,  w-as  at  one  time  a  major  in 
the  army  of  Charles  I.,  king  of  England.  In  tlie 
unsettled  condition  of  the  times,  while  in  the  mili- 
tary service,  he  became  restless,  and  he  attempted 
to  create  an  insurrection  in  the  county  of  Kent. 
For  this  act  of  rebellion  he  was  seized,  and,  after 
a  summary  trial,  condemned  to  death.  But  he 
escaped  from  prison  and  fled  to  Bedford,  where  in 
safety  he  followed  the  medical  profession  ;  and  in 
that  town  he  persecuted  godly  persons  with  great 
fierceness. 

By  the  power  of  Jehovah  the  heart  of  the  major 
was  broken,  and  he  accepted  Jesus  as  his  Redeemer, 
lie  was  immersed  on  a  profession  of  his  faith,  and 
immediately  began  to  preach.  Converts  were  made 
by  the  Spirit's  blessing  upon  his  ministrations, 
whom  he  formed  into  a  church  about  1650.  Of 
this  church  he  became  pastor,  and  he  continued  its 
under-shephord  till  1671,  when  he  departed  this 
life. 

The  "  three  or  four  poor  women"  of  Bedford 
whose  convcrsatiiin  about  their  sins  and  their  Sa- 
viour first  aroused  John  Bunyan  to  see  the  nature 
and  blessedness  of  true  religion  were  members  of 
Mr.  Gifford's  church.  Their  pastor,  by  his  sermons 
and  pious  counsels,  was  very  useful  in  leading  Bun- 
yan to  the  Saviour,  and  it  was  by  Mr.  Gifford  that 
he  was  immersed  in   1655,  when   he  united  with 


GILBERT 


452 


GILL 


the  church  at  Bedford.  On  the  12tli  of  Deceniber, 
1671,  just  after  Mr.  Gifford's  death,  and  while  Ban- 
yan was  still  in  prison,  he  was  elected  Mr.  Gifford's 
successor. 

Gilbert,  Hon.  Joseph  B.,  son  of  Capt.  Joseph 
Gilbert,  was  liorn  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  Oct.  10, 
1787  ;  converted  about  1S05,  and  united  with  a  Bap- 
tist church  ;  trained  as  a  merchant  with  liis  father: 
in  1X1 1  coniincnced  business  in  Hartford,  and  united 
with  First  Baptist  church  ;  in  lf*17  was  chosen 
deacon  ;  held  various  public  offices ;  elected  to  the 
State  senate ;  for  several  years  State  treasurer ;  a 
loni;  time  treasflrer  of  Connecticut  Baptist  State 
Convention  ;  trustee  of  Connecticut  Literary  In- 
stitution ;  of  sterling  intej;rity,  sound  judgment, 
firmness  of  faith,  humility  of  deportment,  and 
marked  hospitality ;  died  June  2,  1857,  in  his  sev- 
entietli  year,  leaving  an  honored  name. 

Gilbert,  Rev.  S.  B.,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Normal,  111.,  was  born  at  Windsor, 
Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  5,  1819,  and  was  baptized 
at  fifteen  years  of  age  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  at  Shell)y,  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  by  his  father. 
Rev.  Samuel  Gilbert,  one  of  the  pioneer  ministers 
of  Southeastern  New  York.  lie  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Junius  and  Tyre  Baptist  church, 
Seneca  Co.,  in  1846.  His  subsequent  pastorates 
have  been  at  Clyde,  N.  Y.,  Marshall,  Mich.,  Men- 
dota,  El  Paso,  Freeport,  and  Normal,  111.  His  re- 
moval to  Illinois  took  place  in  1855,  when  he  set- 
tled at  Mendota,  then  a  small  railway  town  on 
the  newly-opened  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
road.  Here  he  remaine<l  fourteen  years,  the  church 
which  was  in  due  time  organized,  growing  to  a 
membership  of  20(J,  and  a  second  house  of  worsliip 
being  under  way  as  he  left  for  another  field.  Mr. 
Gilbert  is  noted  among  liis  brethren  for  his  thought- 
ful, judicious  sermons,  his  excellent  judgment,  his 
steadiness  of  purpose,  and  genial,  brotherly  spirit. 
Giles,  Rev.  John  Eustace,  for  several  years  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  preachers  among  the  Eng- 
lish Baptists,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  Giles,  and 
was  born  at  Dartmouth,  April  20,  1805,  where  his 
father  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  lie  was 
educated  at  tlie  well-known  school  of  the  Rev. 
James  Ilintnn,  at  Oxford,  and  in  his  twentieth  year 
he  wus  baptized  and  admitted  into  the  church  at 
Chatham,  of  which  his  father  was  tlien  pastor.  In 
1825  he  was  entered  as  a  student  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege, and  whilst  there  gave  promise  of  eminent 
usefulness.  His  first  settlement  as  pastor  was  at 
Salter's  Hall  chapel,  London,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  He  accepted  a  pressing  call  from  the 
church  at  South  Parade,  Leeds,  in  1836,  and  during 
the  next  ten  years  he  became  a  prominent  leader 
in  public  and  denominational  affairs.  In  company 
with  Dr.  Acworth  he  visited  Hamburg  on  behalf 
of  Mr.  Oncken  and  the  persecuted  Baptists  of  that 


city,  and  at  a  later  period  he  was  associated  with 
the  Rev.  Henry  Dowson  as  a  deputation  to  the  king 
of  Denmark  to  plead  for  the  Baptists  of  that  coun- 
try. In  both  cases  the  results  were  gratifying, 
although  persecution  for  conscience'  sake  had  not 
wholly  ceased.  In  the  Anti-Corn-Law  struggle  Mr. 
Giles  played  a  prominent  part,  and  during  his  res- 
idence in  Leeds  he  was  immensely  popular.  After 
his  removal  from  Leeds  he  labored  at  Bristol  for  a 
short  period,  then  for  fifteen  years  at  Sheffield  ; 
from  thence  he  removed  to  Rathniines,  Dublin,  and 
finally  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Clapham 
Common,  London,  which  position  he  held  for  thir- 
teen years,  until  his  death,  June  24,  1875,  aged 
seventy.  Ilis  pulpit  talents  during  his  ministry 
at  Leeds,  in  the  prime  of  life,  were  of  the  highest 
order.  Although  he  wrote  much,  he  published 
nothing  except  occasional  lectures  and  sermons. 
His  baptismal  hymn  is  a  general  favorite,  and  is 
found  probably  in  every  modern  collection  of  hymns 
used  by  Baptists  tiiroughout  the  world,  having 
been  translated  into  several  languages.  It  is  per- 
iiaps  not  universally  known  that  Mr.  Giles  was  the 
author.  No  one  can  question  that  it  has  the  ring 
of  true  poetry  as  well  as  of  sound  Baptist  senti- 
ments: 

"  Hast  thoti  said,  oxaltod  Jesus, 
Take  thy  cross  anil  follow  mu? 
Shall  the  word  with  terror  ecizo  ua? 
Shall  we  fn>m  the  burden  flee  ? 
Lord,  I'll  take  it, 
And,  rejoicing,  follow  thee." 

Gill,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Kettering,  North- 
amptonshire, England,  Nov.  23,  16'J7.  His  father, 
Edward  Gill,  was  a  Baptist  in  the  membership  of 
a  union  cliurch  composed  of  Presbyterians,  Con- 
gregationalists,  and  Baptists,  in  which,  beside  a 
Pedobaptist  pastor,  Mr.  William  Wallis,  a  Baptist 
was  a  teaching  elder,  with  authority  to  immerse 
adults.  As  Isaac  Backus  found  this  system  a  cause 
of  controversy  and  strife  in  New  England,  so  it 
]irovcd  in  Kettering,  and  Edward  Gill,  William 
Wallis,  and  their  friends  found  it  necessary  to 
withdraw  and  form  a  Particular  Baptist  church. 
Edward  Gill  was  elected  one  of  the  deacons.  To 
the  end  of  his  life  he  obtained  a  good  report  for 
"  grace,  piety,  and  holy  conversation." 

His  son  John  early  showed  uncommon  talents, 
and  quickly  surpassed  those  of  his  own  age,  and 
many  much  older,  in  acquiring  knowledge.  Before 
he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  under  the  instruction 
of  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  who  had  charge  of  the 
grammar-school  of  which  he  was  a  pupil,  he  had 
read  the  principal  Latin  classics,  and  had  made 
such  progress  in  Greek  that  he  became  an  oliject 
of  wonder  jvnd  admiration  to  several  ministers  who 
w^ere  familiar  with  his  attainments.  The  booksel- 
ler's shop  in  the  town  was  only  open  on  the  mar- 
ket-day, and  by  the  favor  of  the  proprietor  John 


GILL 


453 


GILL 


Gill  was  continually  found  there  on  that  day  con- 
sulting various  authors.  This  remarkable  studi- 
ousness  attended  him  throughout  life.  His  teacher 
commenced  the  practice  of  requiring  the  children 


JOHN    GILL,  D.D. 

of  Dissenters  to  attend  prayers  in  the  Episcopal 
church  on  week-days  along  with  the  youths  that 
belonged  to  the  Church  of  England.  The  law 
probably  gave  him  authority  to  exhibit  his  mean 
bigotry  in  this  way.  But  Dissenting  parents 
properly  resented  this  pious  effort  of  the  clerical 
teacher,  and  withdrew  their  children  from  his  care. 
Deprived  of  an  instructor,  he  studied  with  even  in- 
creased industry,  and  soon  became  a  proficient  in 
logic,  rhetoric,  natural  and  moral  philosophy,  and 
Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew.  In  Latin  he  road  the 
hoarded  treasures  of  ancient  and  modern  divinity 
until  he  was  conversant  with  all  the  great  writers 
of  Western  Christendom. 

When  he  was  about  twelve  years  of  age,  a  ser- 
mon preached  by  Mr.  Wallis,  his  father's  pastor, 
on  the  words,  "  And  the  Lord  God  called  unto 
Adam,  and  said  unto  liim,  Where  art  thnu  ?"  made 
a  solemn  impression  upon  his  mind ;  his  sins 
and  the  wrath  of  God  alarmed  him  ;  and  for  some 
time  he  was  in  the  deepest  distress.  But  the  Sa- 
viour drew  near  and  showed  him  his  wounds  and 
dying  throes,  and  everlasting  love,  and  by  grace 
he  was  enabled  to  trust  him,  and  to  find  lil)erty 
and  justification.  On  the  1st  of  November,  171G, 
he  was  baptized  in  a  neighliorini:  river,  and  re- 
ceived into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  of  Ketter- 
ing. 


Almost  immediately  after,  by  the  advice  of 
friends,  he  began  to  preach,  first  at  Higham  Fer- 
rers, and  afterwards  at  Kettering.  The  Lord 
blessed  these  ministrations  to  the  conversion  of  a 
considerable  number  of  persons,  and  high  hopes 
were  cherished  about  the  future  usefulness  of  Mr. 
Gill. 

He  was  elected  pastor  of  the  church  at  Ilorsley- 
down,  Soutiiwark,  London,  and  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry  in  its  uieeting-house  March  22, 
1720.  Of  this  church  the  celebrated  Benjamin 
Keuch  had  been  pastor,  whose  son  Elias  founded 
the  oldest  church  now  existing  in  Pennsylvania, 
the  mother  of  all  the  Baptist  churches  in  Philadel- 
phia. Difficulties  which  met  him  on  entering  upon 
his  pastoral  life  in  London  soon  disappeared,  his 
meeting-house  was  thronged  with  people,  conver- 
sions were  numerous,  and  for  over  fifty-one  years 
he  was  a  power  in  London,  and  a  religious  author- 
ity all  over  Great  Britain  and  America. 

In  comparatively  early  life  he  began  to  collect 
Hebrew  works,  the  two  Talmuds,  the  Targuins, 
and  everything  bearing  on  the  Old  Testament  and 
its  times,  and  it  is  within  bounds  to  say  that  no 
man  in  the  eighteenth  century  was  as  well  versed 
in  the  literature  and  customs  of  the  ancient  Jews 
as  John  Gill.  He  has  sometimes  been  called  the 
Dr.  John  Lightfoot  of  the  Baptists.  This  compli- 
ment, in  the  estimation  of  some  persons,  flatters 
Dr.  Lightfoot  more  than  Dr.  Gill,  great  an  authority 
as  Dr.  Lightfoot  undoubtedly  was  on  all  questions 
of  Hebrew  learning.  In  X'AH,  Dr.  Gill  received 
his  diploma  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Aberdeen, 
in  which  his  attainments  are  described  "as  ex- 
traordinary proficiency  in  sacred  literature,  the 
Oriental  tongues,  and  Jewish  antiquities." 

His  "  Dissertation  Concerning  the  Antiquity 
of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Letters,  Vowel  Points, 
and  Accents,''  has  been  described  as  ''a  masterly 
effort,  of  profound  research,  which  would  have 
shown  Dr.  Gill  to  have  been  a  prodigy  of  reading 
and  literature  had  he  never  published  a  syllable  on 
any  other  subject." 

His  '•  Body  of  Divinity,"  published  in  1769,  is  a 
work  without  which  no  theological  library  is  com- 
plete. His  grand  old  doctrines  of  grace,  iaken  un- 
adulterated from  the  Divine  fountain,  presented  in 
the  phraseology  and  with  the  illustrations  of  an  intel- 
lectual giant,  and  commended  by  a  wealth  of  sancti- 
fied Biblical  learning  only  once  in  several  ages 
permitted  to  mortals,  sweep  all  opposition  before 
them,  and  leave  no  place  for  the  blighted  harvests, 
the  seed  of  which  was  planted  by  James  Arminius 
in  modern  times.  In  this  work  eternal  and  personal 
electiim  to  a  holy  life,  particular  redemption  from 
all  guilt,  resistless  grace  in  regeneration,  final 
preservation  from  sin  and  the  Wicked  one,  till  the 
believer  enters  paradise,  and  the  other  doctrines  of 


GILL 


454 


GILL 


the  Christian  system,  are  expounded  and  defended 
by  one  of  the  greatest  teachers  in  Israel  ever  called 
to  the  work  of  instruction  by  the  Spirit  of  Jeliovah. 
Dr.  Gill's  coiniiientary  is  the  must  valuable  exposi- 
tion of  tlie  Old  and  New  Testaments  ever  pulilished. 
In  codices  of  the  Scriptures,  recently  discovered, 
there  are  some  more  authoritative  readings  than 
those  known  in  Gill's  day  ;  and  light  has  been  cast 
upon  the  inspired  records  by  explorations  in  the 
East,  lately  undertaken,  and  still  in  progress.  But 
except  in  these  features,  (iill's  commentary  has  the 
largest  amount  of  valuable  information  ever  pre- 
sented to  Christians,  in  the  form  of  "Annotations 
on  the  Bible."  The  work  was  republished  in 
Philadelphia  by  a  Presbyterian  elder  in  1811  ;  and 
in  Ireland  by  an  Episcopal  clergyman  some  years 
ago.  His  other  writings  are  numerous  and  of 
great  merit.  His  works  are  still  in  demand  at 
large  prices  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

lie  was  among  the  first  contributors  to  Rhode 
Island  College,  now  Brown  University  ;  and  in  his 
will  he  bequeathed  a  complete  set  of  his  works  and 
fifty-two  folio  volumes  of  the  fathers  to  that  insti- 
tution. Dr.  Manning  stated  at  the  time  that  "  this 
was  by  far  the  greatest  donation  the  little  library 
of  the  college  had  as  yet  received."  The  works  are 
still  in  the  library  at  Providence. 

Dr.  Gill  died  in  possession  of  perfect  conscious- 
ness, and  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  the  Saviour's 
love,  Oct.  14,  1771.  His  death  occasiuned  great  sor- 
row, especially  among  the  friends  of  truth  through- 
out this  country  and  (!reat  Britain,  and  many 
funeral  sermons  were  preached  to  commemorate 
his  great  worth. 

Dr.  Gill  was  of  middle  stature,  neither  tall  nor 
short,  he  was  well  proportioned,  a  little  inclined  to 
corpulency,  his  countenance  was  fresh  and  health- 
ful, and  he  enjoyed  a  serene  cheerfulness  which 
continued  with  him  almost  to  the  last. 

He  was  one  of  the  purest  men  that  ever  lived  ; 
the  sovereign  grace  for  which  he  so  nobly  waged 
war  was  his  own  refuge  and  strength,  and  it  gave 
him  a  life-long  victory  over  all  outward  and  in- 
ternal evils. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  humility,  though  flattered 
by  large  numbers.  He  could  honestly  say,  "By 
the  grace  of  God  I  am  what  I  am  ;"  he  felt  the 
truth  of  this  apostolic  experience,  and  glorified 
sovereign  grace. 

He  knew  more  of  the  Bible  than  any  one  with 
whose  writings  we  are  acquainted.  "Dr.  Gill," 
says  John  Ryland,  "  leads  into  an  ocean  of  divinity 
by  a  system  of  doctrinal  and  practical  religion,  and 
by  a  judicious  and  learned  exposition  of  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments." 

The  profound  and  pious  Episcopalian,  Toplady, 
who  was  frequently  at  a  week-night  lecture  of  Dr. 
Gill's,  the  author  of  the  hymn, — 


*'  Rock  of  Ages,  Bliflter  me, 
Lut  me  hide  tnyrfelf  iu  thee.*' 

says  of  the  doctor,  "  So  far  as  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel  are  concerned,  Gill  never  besieged  an  error 
which  he  di<l  not  force  from  its  strongholds;  nor 
did  he  ever  encounter  an  adversary  to  truth  whom 
he  did  not  baffle  and  subdue.  His  doctrinal  and 
practical  writings  will  live  and  be  admired,  and  be  a 
standing  blessing  to  (losterity,  when  their  opposers 
are  forgotten,  or  only  remembered  by  the  refuta- 
tions he  has  given  them.  While  true  reVujian  and 
siiuiid  ledrnhif/  hare  a  si iKjle  friend  remaining  in 
the  British  Empire,  the  works  and  name  if  Gill  will 
be  jirerioii.i  and  rerered." 

Gill,  Rev.  Thomas  A.,  the  son  of  John  S.  Gill, 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  born  in  that  city  Feb.  IS, 
1840.  After  the  usual  preparatory  training,  he 
entered  the  Philadelphia  High  School,  and  was 
graduated  in  his  sixteenth  year.  Soon  after  this, 
he  entered  successively  for  short  intervals  the  offices 
of  Francis  Wharton  and  Wm.  Henry  Rawle,  dis- 
tinguished lawyers  of  his  native  city.  On  leaving 
the  service  of  the  latter,  the  next  few  years  were 
spent  with  his  father,  whose  purpose  was  to  asso- 
ciate his  eldest  son  with  him  in  his  business. 

During  this  period — in  his  nineteenth  year — he 
was  converted  under  the  ministrations  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Cathcart,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Second  Baptistchurcli,  Philadelphia.  In  April, 
1861,  as  the  result  of  ]M'rsonal  conviction,  and  the 
judgment  of  the  church,  he  entered  the  university 
at  Lewisburg  to  prepare  for  the  gospel  ministry. 
The  late  war  lieing  then  in  active  progress,  his 
collegiate  course  was  interrupted  by  two  short  terms 
of  service  in  response  to  the  exigencies  growing  out 
of  the  invasion  of  Pennsylvania  by  the  army  of 
Geu.  Lee,  and  the  subsequent  burning  of  Cham- 
bersburg.  Graduating  in  the  university  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  he  entered  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  the  same  place,  and  completed  the  pre- 
scribed course  in  July,  1807.  In  July  of  the  en- 
suing year  he  was  called  to  the  |iastoral  charge  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Gormantown,  Philadel- 
phia, and  in  October  following  ordained  to  the 
Christian  ministry.  Resigning  his  pastorate  in  im- 
paired health  in  August,  1871,  he  sought  the  same 
month  the  benefits  of  a  tour  abroad,  traveling  ex- 
tensively in  Europe,  Egypt,  and  the  Holy  Land. 
Reluctant,  after  his  return,  in  1872,  to  re-enter  the 
pastorate,  from  considerations  of  health,  he  was  at 
length  nominated  by  President  Grant  as  a  chaplain 
of  the  navy,  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  Dec.  22, 
1874.  In  the  following  year,  April  8,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Marie  Antoinette,  the  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  E.  II.  Nevin,  of  Philadelphia.  On  the  death  of 
his  wife,  in  May,  1878,  at  Vallejo,  Cal.,  while 
chaplain  of  the  naval  station  there,  he  returned  to 
the  East,  and  was  attached  to  the  flag-ship  "  Ten- 


GILLETTE 


405 


GILMORE 


nessee,"  of  the  Atlantic  Squadron,  wlierfi  he  has 
been  officiating  as  chaplain  np  to  the  present  date. 
Mr.  Gill  possesses  scholarly  attainments,  deep  piety, 
a  vigorous  intellect,  an  unbloiiiisheil  reputation,  and 
the  warm  regards  (if  all  that  know  him. 

Gillette,  A.  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cambridge, 
Washington  Co.,  N.  Y..  Sept.  8,  1807  ;  educated  at 
Hamilton  and  Union  College,  Schenectady;  or- 
dained in  Schenectady  ;  pastor  of  the  Sansom 
Street  church  (Dr.  Staughton's),  Philadelphia,  for 
four  years;  founded  the  Eleventh  Baptist  church 
in  the  same  city  in  18.39,  and,  under  (Jod,  made  it 
a  large  and  prosperous  community.  lie  has  been 
pastor  of  Calvary  church.  New  York,  the  First 
church  of  Washington,  D.  C,  the  Gethsemane 
church  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  church  of  Sing  Sing, 
N.  Y.  He  edited  the  "Minutes  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Association  from  1707  to  1807,"  a  work  of 
great  labor  and  of  unusual  value.  He  has  baptized 
about  2000  persons.  In  1856  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  •  Dr.  Gillette  is  one  of 
the  most  brotherly  men  the  writer  ever  met;  his 
friends  are  legion.  He  has  been  one  of  the  most 
useful  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination  ;  his  grace- 
ful manners,  unselfish  dispcisition,  and  cultured 
mind  gave  him  access  in  Philadelphia.  New  Y'ork, 
and  Washington  to  the  best  society.  The  denomi- 
nation lamented  the  stroke  of  paralysis  which  re- 


A.  D.  GILLETTE,  D.D. 


cently  threatened  his  life  in  Saratoga.    Dr.  Gillette 

has  always  basked  in  the  sunshine  of  Christianity, 

leaving  its  imaginary  dark  clouds  to  gloomy  minds. 

Gilmore,  Gov.  Joseph  A.,  was  born  in  Weston, 


Vt.,  June  10,  1818.  Like  many  enterprising  young 
men,  he  was  not  satisfied  to  remain  in  the  quiet 
rural  district  where  he  spent  his  childhood,  but 
sought  a  wider  field  of  activity.     In  early  life  he 


A'£ 


(ioV.    JOSEPH    \.    GILMORE. 

went  to  Boston,  and  there  for  a  number  of  years 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  It  was  while 
he  was  thus  occupied  that  he  was  brought  under 
the  influence  of  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Baron  Stow, 
D.D.,  and  became  a  hopeful  Christian,  and  joined 
the  Baldwin  Place  church,  of  which  Dr.  Stow  was 
the  pastor.  After  remaining  several  years  in  Bos- 
ton, he  moved  to  Concord,  N.  11.,  and  for  some  time 
was  engaged  in  the  same  business  which  be  had  pur- 
sued in  the  former  city.  Subsequently  he  became 
interested  in  railroads,  for  which  he  seems  to  have 
had  special  tastes.  He  was  superintendent  of  the 
Concord,  Manchester  and  Lawrence  road,  and  after- 
wards of  others  leading  out  of  Concord.  He  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  State  senate  in  IS58,  and  in 
1859  was  elected  president  of  the  senate.  In  1863 
he  became  governor  of  New  Hampshire,  and  held 
the  office  two  years.  Gov.  Gilmore  was  a  man  of 
great  energy  of  character,  combining  therewith 
the  most  tender  domestic  affections.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Concord,  of  which  Rev.  Dr.  C.  W.  Flan- 
ders was  the  pastor,  and  did  what  he  could  to  pro- 
mote its  welfare.  Prof.  J.  II.  Gilmore,  of  Rochester 
University,  is  a  son  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Gov.  (lihiiorc  dii'd  April  17,  lMi7. 

Gilmore,  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  was  bom  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  April  29,   1S34:    was  graduated  at 


GIST 


456 


GO FORTH 


Phillips  Aciulemy,  Andover,  1S52,  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  lSo8,  and  at  Newton  Tlieologioal  Semi- 
nary in  1861.  Durinj;  lS61-f)2  he  was  instructor 
in  Hebrew  at  Newton,  and  pastor  of  the  Fisherville, 
N.  II.,  Baptist  church.  He  served  as  private  secre- 
tary toGov.  Gilmore,  of  New  Hampshire,  and  as  edi- 
tor of  the  Concord  Daily  Munilor  in  lSG4-().').  The 
next  two  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Second  cliurch 
of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  during  the  latter  year 
actini;  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  Rochester  Theoloj;i- 
cal  Seminary.  Jan.  1,  1807,  he  entered  upon  the 
professorship  of  Lo^ic,  Rhetoric,  and  English,  which 
chair  he  still  fills  with  great  ability. 

Prof,  (iilniore  is  a  scholarly  writer.  For  the 
last  ten  years  he  has  been  a  frequent  editorial  con- 
tributor to  the  Examiner  and  Chrouirlc.  He  has 
published  an  admirable  treatise,  entitled  "  The  Art 
of  Expression,"  intended  as  an  elementary  text- 
book on  rhetoric.  He  has  written  some  excellent 
poems,  among  which  we  mention  "  Little  .Maiy" 
and  "  He  Leadeth  Me"  ;  a  part  of  the  latter  we 
give  below : 

"  Ho  leadeth  mo  !    Oh,  Mesaed  thought ! 
Oil,  words  with  hea\'i--nly  comfort  fruitglitl 
AVhate'er  I  do,  where'er  I  be. 
Still  'tis  God's  hand  that  leadeth  me. 

"  Sometimes  mid  scenes  of  deepest  gloom. 
Sometimes  where  Eden's  bowers  bloom, 
By  waters  still  o'er  troubled  sea, 
Still  'tis  bis  hand  that  leadeth  me." 

Gist,  Hon.  Joseph,  was  bom  in  Union  District, 
S.  C,  on  the  lL!th  of  January,  1775.  Tie  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1799,  and  attained  sik^Ii  distinc- 
tion in  the  profession  that  "  his  services  were  often 
sought  by  both  parties  to  a  dispute.  An  incident  of 
two  men  of  wealth  and  standing,  in  adjoining  dis- 
tricts, after  a  hard  ride  meeting  at  his  gate,  to 
employ  him  in  an  important  ca.se,  is  rememberecl 
by  his  brother."  "  His  influence  with  the  juries 
was  almost  irresistible,  and  was  VL'iy  groat  with  the 
judges." 

lie  represented  his  district  in  the  Legislature  for 
eighteen  years,  and  was  then  elected  to  Congress, 
of  which  he  was  a  member  for  six  years,  after 
which  he  voluntarily  retired  on  account  of  ill 
health. 

The  office  of  judge,  which  at  that  time  was  a 
very  high  honor,  was  once  within  his  reach,  but  he 
declined  in  favor  of  David  Johnson,  then  liut  little 
known,  but  afterwards  one  of  the  most  honorable 
judges  that  ever  occupied  the  bench  in  South  Caro- 
lina. It  is  gratifying  to  claim  such  a  man  .as  an 
humble,  pious  Baptist. 

Goddard,  Rev.  Josiah,  was  bom  in  Wendell, 
Mass.,  Oct.  27,  1813,  became  a  hopeful  Christian  in 
1826,  and  was  baptized  in  May,  1831.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  183.5,  and  at  the  New- 
ton Theological  Institution  in  1838.     Having  been 


accepted  as  a  missionary  by  the  Board  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union,  he  sailed,  the  December  after  he 
graduated  at  Newton,  for  the  East,  and  landed  at 
Singapore  in  June,  1839,  and  proceeded  to  the  place 
of  his  destination,  Bangkok,  Siam,  arriving  there 
Oct.  16,  1840.  lie  was  to  direct  his  special  atten- 
tion to  the  Chinese  of  that  city,  of  whom  there 
were  many  thousands.  In  1842  he  had  so  far  made 
himself  luaster  of  the  language  that  he  was  able  to 
take  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  which  had 
been  gathered  bj'  Dr.  Dean,  where  he  was  prospered 
in  the  work  of  preaching  the  gospel  to  the  heathen. 
He  also  finished  the  translation  of  the  Gospel  of 
John,  and  it  was  printed.  He  prepared  for  the 
press  some  Christian  tracts  and  an  English  and 
Chinese  vocabulary.  In  1848  he  had  a  severe  at- 
tack of  bleeding  at  the  lungs,  and  for  some  time 
his  life  was  despaired  of,  but  a  change  of  climate, 
by  his  removal  to  Ningpo,  arrested  the  progress  of 
the  disease,  and  he  was  able  to  resume  his  work. 
To  do  this  he  was  obliged  to  learn  an  entirely  new 
dialect  of  the  Chinese  language  in  order  to  be  un- 
derstood by  the  natives  of  Ningpo.  For  several 
years  he  was  busily  occupied  with  his  missionsiry 
labors,  and  the  Lord  owned  these  efforts  in  the 
conversion  of  the  heathen  and  the  building  up  of 
his  cause  in  the  city  where  he  had  made  his  home. 
Ilis  work  and  life  came  to  an  end  Sept.  4,  1804. 

Dr.  Dean  accords  to  Mr.  Goddard  traits  of  char- 
acter which  rank  him  among  the  ablest  of  our 
missionaries.  "  Ilis  native  endowments  were  su- 
perior ;  his  education  had  been  extended  and 
thorough  ;  his  study  of  the  Chinese  language  had 
been  patient  and  successful ;  his  knowledge  of  the 
sacred  langu.ages  and  literature  was  accurate  and 
familiar,  and  he  brought  to  his  work  a  large  share 
of  common  sense  and  sound  judgment,  and  a  warm 
heart  and  high-toned  Christian  principles." 

Goforth,  N.  B.,  D.D.,  president  of  ('arson  Col- 
lego,  was  born  in  Sevier  Co.,  Tenn.,  May  20,  1X29. 
He  made  a  profession  of  religion  and  joined  the 
Baptist  church  at  Boyd's  Creek,  Sevier  County. 
He  soon  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel 
and  devote  his  life  to  the  service  of  Christ  as  a 
minister,  and  in  order  to  prepare  himself  properly 
for  this  work  he  entered  Maryville  College  in 
18.il,  and  graduated  in  18.55. 

In  1857  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gos- 
pel ministry  by  a  Presbytery  consisting  of  Elders 
Wm.  Ellis,  Wm.  Ballien.  and  W.  M.  Burnett.  In 
1855  he  was  elected  to  a  professorship  in  Mossy 
Creek,  now  Carson,  Baptist  CnUege,  and  was  elected 
president  of  the  same  in  1859,  but  formally  re- 
signed that  position  in  18G6.  and  was  re-elected  in 
1870,  continuing  to  serve  in  that  capacity  to  the 
present  time.  His  life  for  the  most  part  has  been 
devoted  to  teaching,  believing  that  he  can  be  more 
useful  in  this  way  than  in  any  other  department  of 


GOOD  WORKS 


459 


GORDOS 


and  its  young  pastor  there  grew  up  a  deep  and 
strong  mutual  attachment ;  so  that  when,  in  1872, 
after  an  unusually  successful  service  of  six  years, 
he  felt  it  his  duty  to  accept  the  call  of  the  Second 
church  in  Chicago  to  become  associate  pastor  with 
ills  brother,  whose  health  had  begun  to  fail,  the  sun- 
<lering  of  the  tie  was  an  occasion  of  great  mutual 
sorrow.  Coming  to  Chicago  at  the  date  last  named, 
Mr.  Goiidspeed  continued  in  joint  service  with  his 
])i-other  until  ISTo,  when  the  latter  finding  a  change 
of  residence  and  labor  imperative,  both  pastors 
resigned.  The  secretaryship  of  the  baptist  Theo- 
logical Union,  having  in  charge  the  Theological 
iieiainary  at  Chicago,  being  now  vacant,  Mr.  Good- 
.speed  was  called  to  this  post,  which  he  continues  to 
liold  :  in  1879,  that  of  financial  secretary  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Northwestern  Baptist  Education  So- 
ciety being  associated  with  it.  During  Mr.  Good- 
speed's  financial  administration  important  progress 
has  been  made  in  placing  the  seminary  upon  a  more 
secure  financial  basis,  the  removal  to  Morgan  Fork 
having  materially  contributed  to  that  end. 

Good  Works. — In  the  Catholic  Church  some  of 
the  saints,  it  is  supposed,  performed  more  acts  of 
obedience  and  charity  than  God  demanded ;  these, 
for  that  reason,  were  called  works  of  supererogation, 
and  it  was  imagined  that  the  grand  aggregate  of  such 
good  works  constituted  a  treasury  of  merits,  which 
the  popes,  as  heads  of  the  church,  could  transfer  by 
indulgences  to  those  whose  guilty  lives  created  a 
«leuiand  for  them.  Among  Mohamniedans,  it  is 
taught  that  on  the  day  of  judgment  the  good  works 
of  a  true  believer  will  be  placed  in  one  scale  and 
liis  sins  in  another,  and  if  the  former  outweigh  the 
latter  the  man  will  be  saved.  Among  the  Burmese, 
the  chief  business  of  a  pious  man  is  to  acquire 
merit;  for  this  object  he  gives  alms,  attends  to  re- 
ligious duties,  and  subjects  himself  to  much  self- 
<ienial. 

Without  reference  to  motives,  almsgiving,  pa- 
triotism, patience,  kindness  to  the  sick,  and  the 
vforship  of  God  seem  good  works ;  but  to  be  sure 
of  their  real  character  we  must  know  that  they 
come  from  worthy  motives.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  about  the  excellency  of  the  works  that  spring 
from  afiection  to  Jesus ;  he  says,  "  If  ye  love  me 
keep  my  commandments.''  If,  because  we  cherish 
liim  in  our  hearts,  we  hearken  to  his  teachings, 
obey  his  precepts,  and  bear  the  fruits  of  "  love, 
joy,  peace,  long-suffering,  gentleness,  goodness, 
faith,  meekness,  temperance,"  then  are  we  led  by 
the  .Spirit  of  God.  The  Christian's  controlling 
motive  should  ever  be  supreme  love  to  the  Lord 
Jesus.  This  will  give  the  royal  stamp  of  divine 
approbation  to  his  works. 

Good  works  are  necessary  to  prove  the  new  birth 
of  a  believer,  and  his  freedom  from  the  dominion 
of  iniquity.     "  Every  branch  in  me  that  bcareth 


not  fruit,''  says  Jesus,  "he  taketh  away,  and  every 
branch  that  beareth  fruit  he  purgeth  it,  that  it  may 
bring  forth  more  fruit."  The  heavenly  husband- 
man, when  he  saw  that  the  barren  tig-tree  in  his 
vineyard  was  fruitless  for  the  third  year,  said,  "  Cut 
it  down,  why  cumbereth  it  the  ground'.'" 

The  good  works  of  a  Christian  have  no  part  in 
his  justification,  "  Therefore,  we  conclude,"'  says 
Paul,  "  that  a  man  is  justified  by  faith  without  the 
deeds  of  the  law."  This  inspired  conclusion  of  the 
great  apostle  is  infallible.  "  It  is  not  by  works  of 
righteousness  which  we  have  done,  but  according 
to  his  mercy  He  saves  us."  The  sufferings  of  Jesus 
are  the  Christian's  justification, — his  complete  sal- 
vation. There  can  be  no  works  of  supererogation, — 
works  beyond  what  God  demands ;  where  much  is 
given  much  will  be  required  ;  Jesus  claims  the  love 
of  our  whole  heart,  and  soul,  and  strength,  and 
mind.  We  ought  to  be  living  sacrifices,  lying  every 
moment  upon  his  altar,  and  wholly  consecrated  to 
him.  We  owe  him  this,  and  no  work  or  woe  of 
ours  can  ever  exceed  his  constant  claims. 

Goodyear,  C.  B. — In  the  death  of  Mr.  Goodyear, 
at  Chicago,  in  1875,  the  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  that  city  lost  one  of  its  most  devoted  and 
generous  supporters.  He  had  been  for  several 
years  a  resident  of  Chicago,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trade  had  pursued  a  successful  busi- 
ness career.  In  the  Second  church,  where  he  held 
his  membership,  he  was  known  as  a  man  who  re- 
garded his  gains  in  Vjusiness  as  lent  to  him  from 
the  Lord  for  the  uses  of  his  cause.  The  annual 
report  of  the  seminary  for  1875  says  of  him,  in  his 
relations  with  that  institution,  '•  In  providing  for 
its  endowment,  in  the  erection  of  its  buildings,  in 
meeting  its  necessities,  no  one  showed  a  more 
earnest  zeal  or  ardent  devotion  than  Mr.  Good- 
year.'' He  was  for  some  years  president  of  the 
Theological  Union,  having  the  seminary  under  its 
care,  and  at  his  death  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees. 

Gordon,  Adoniram  Judson,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Xew  Hampton,  X.  II.,  and  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  1800.  Ho  took  the  full 
course  of  theology  at  the  Xewton  Theological  In- 
stitution, and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1863.  lie 
was  ordained  June  29,  1863,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Jamaica  Plains,  near  Boston,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  six  years,  and  then  removed  to 
Boston,  where,  since  1869,  he  has  been  the  pastor 
of  the  Clarendon  Street  church,  formerly  Rowe 
Street,  being  the  immediate  successor  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Baron  Stow.  Dr.  Gordon  was  one  of  the  compilers 
of  the  "  Service  of  Song.''  He  is  also  the  author 
of  one  or  two  books  of  a  devotional  character,  which 
have  been  favorably  received  by  the  religious 
public. 

Dr.  Gordon  is  a  trustee  of  Brown  University,  and 


GORDON 


460 


GOTCH 


received  from  that  institution,  in  1877,  the  honorary 
decree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Though  a  comparatively  young  man,  Dr.  Gordon 
exerts  a  wide  influence  in  Boston,  and  his  name  is 
favorably  and  deservedly  known  tliroughout  the 
denoniinntion  in  tlii*  country. 

Oordon,  Eev.  Charles  M.,  president  of  Merid- 
ian Female  College.,  Miss.,  is  a  native  of  Missis- 
sippi, where  he  was  born  in  1839 ;  educated  at 
Mississippi  College;  began  to  preach  in  1860;  was 
oh.iplainof  .30th  Miss.  Regiment  in  the  Confederate 
army.  After  filling  several  important  pastorates, 
and  among  them  one  at  Natchez,  Miss.,  he  was 
called  to  Meridian  in  1875.  In  connection  with  his 
pastorate  he  took  charge  of  the  female  college,  but 
at  the  end  of  two  years  gave  up  the  church,  and  has 
since  devoted  himself  to  the  college,  preaching  oc- 
casionally in  the  surrounding  country. 

Gorman,  Rev.  Samuel,  is  a  native  of  Magnolia, 
Stark  Co.,  0.,  where  he  was  born  in  1816.  He 
passed  his  early  youth  in  and  near  the  place  of  his 
birth.  He  was  converted  when  quite  young,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  Educated  at  Deni- 
son  University  (Granville  College),  Ohio,  and  at  the 
Baptist  Theological  Institute,  at  Covington,  Ky. ; 
ordained  at  Keen,  Coshocton  Co..  O.,  in  1842,  where 
he  began  his  ministry.  He  was  subsequently  pastor 
at  JefiFerson,  Urbana,  Muddy  Creek,  and  Dayton, 
O.  At  each  of  these  places  he  built  meeting-houses, 
and  at  Drbana  and  Dayton  gathered  and  organized 
churches.  In  .June,  18.52,  he  was  commissioned  by 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  .Society  to  t.ike 
charge  of  the  home  mission  work  of  that  society 
in  New  Mexico.  He  established  missions  at  La- 
guna,  both  among  the  Indians  and  the  Spaniards. 
Here  he  erected  two  chapels  and  a  building  for 
school  purposes,  and  continued  his  missionary 
labors  nearly  seven  years.  At  the  end  of  which 
he  took  charge  of  the  mission  at  Santa  Yk,  the 
capital  of  the  Territory,  leaving  the  gathered 
churches  and  mission  work  at  Laguna  in  the  care 
of  native  helpers,  whom  he  had  prepared  for  the 
work.  At  Santa  Fi  he  preached  to  English-speak- 
ing congregations  in  the  morning,  and  to  Indians 
or  Spaniards  in  the  afternoon.  Mr.  Gorman  re- 
mained here  until  1861,  when,  upon  the  outbri'ak 
of  the  late  war,  the  country  was  taken  posses- 
sion of  by  Confederate  troops,  and  the  mission 
broken  up.  The  time  given  to  this  mission  labor 
was  ten  years.  Upon  his  return  home  he  settled  as 
pa-stor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Canton.  O.,  the  seat 
of  his  native  county.  He  remained  here  seven 
years,  adding  a  large  number  to  the  membership 
of  the  church,  and  securing  $17,000  to  build  a 
meeting-house.  He  labored  one  year  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Denison  University,  in  raising  its  endow- 
ment, and  then  came  to  Wisconsin.  He  has  had 
pastorates  at  Sparta  ntore  than  four  years,  Monroe 


one  year,  Columbus  four  years,  and  Mansion,  his 
present  home  and  field  of  labor,  one  year.  He  has 
been  a  laborious  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  has 
maintained  throughout  his  long  ministry  of  forty 
years  a  reputation  unspotted  and  a  life  full  of  good 
works.  At  the  age  of  sixty-four  years  he  is  in  the 
active  work  of  the  ministry,  and  held  in  high  es- 
teem by  his  brethren. 

Oosnold,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  England  in 
1625.  He  received  his  education  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  and  became  a  clergyman  of  the 
Established  Church.  In  the  time  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary wars  he  made  the  Bible  his  only  guide  to 
truth,  and  consequently  he  became  a  Baptist.  He 
was  chosen  pastor  of  a  church  at  Barbican,  in  Lon- 
don, where  he  soon  had  a  congregation  of  nearly 
3000,  many  of  whom  were  persons  of  large  means, 
and  frequently  seven  or  eight  of  them  were  Epis- 
copal clergymen.  He  was  a  man  of  ability,  learn- 
ing, and  piety ;  he  was  honored  by  the  friendship 
of  many  distinguished  persons,  especially  by  that 
of  Tillotson,  archbishop  of  Canterbury.  He  was 
compelled  to  hide  in  times  of  persecution  to  escape 
the  hands  of  Christ's  enemies.  He  baptized  the 
celebrated  Israelite,  Du  Veil,  who  joined  the  Bap- 
tists from  the  Episcopal  ministry.  Mr.  Gosnold 
belonged  to  the  General  Baptists,  but  he  associated 
much  with  the  Particular  denomination.  He  was 
beloved  by  all  good  men,  and  he  regarded  with  af- 
fectionate interest  every  child  of  Jesus.  He  was 
the  author  of  two  works. 

Gotch,  F.  W.,  LL.D.,  president  of  Bristol 
Baptist  College.  England,  was  horn  at  Kettering. 
Northamptonshire,  in  1808.  After  the  usual 
course  of  study  for  the  ministry  at  Bristol  College, 
he  proceeded  to  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  1832, 
and  graduated  M.A.  His.  first  charge  was  Box- 
moor,  Hertfordshire,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  He  then  became  lecturer  in  philosophy  at 
Stepney  College,  London,  and  in  1846  accepted  a 
professorship  at  Bristol  as  colleague  of  the  Rev. 
Thos.  S.  Crisp.  On  the  failure  of  Mr.  Crisp's 
health,  in  1861,  he  took  charge  of  the  institution, 
and  some  years  later  was  elected  president.  Dr. 
Gotch's  eminent  scholarship  was  recognized  by 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  1859,  when  he  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  was  also  elected  examiner 
in  Hebrew  and  New  Testament  Greek  for  several 
years  successively  by  the  faculty  of  the  London 
University.  When  the  Convocation  of  the  Church 
of  England  resolved  to  invite  the  co-operation  of 
learned  men  of  various  denominations  in  the  re- 
vision of  the  authorized  version  of  the  Bible,  Dr. 
Gotch  was  selected  as  a  prominent  representative 
of  the  learning  and  scholarship  of  the  Baptists. 
In  this  important  work  he  has  labored  from  the 
beginning  with  enthusiastic  devotion,  and  his  r.ire 
gifts  and  acquirements  have  won  universal  respect. 


GOW 


463 


GRAFTON 


lives    in    Quincy,    a    noble,    generous,    Christian 
woman. 

GoW,  Rev.  George  B.,  was  born  in  Waterville, 
Me.,  and  graduated  at  the  collese  in  that  place  in 
1852.  He  went  throutch  the  Newton  course  of 
theological  study,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1858. 
He  was  ordained  September,  1858,  and  was  the 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Ayer,  Mass.,  three  years. 
He  then  became  principal  of  the  New  London  In- 
stitution, holding  the  position  for  three  years,  when 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  three  j'ears. 
His  next  call  came  in  I8t)7,  from  Worcester,  Mass., 
where  he  continued  for  five  years.  Then  be  ac- 
cepted an  appuintment  as  agent  to  raise  a  larger 
endowment  for  the  Worcester  Academy.  In  1874 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Millbury,  Mass., 
which  relation  he  niiw  sustains  to  the  church. 

Grace,  Rev.  WiUiam  C,  was  born  in  Tippah 
Co.,  Miss.,  Jan.  19,  1844.  He  professed  religion  in 
the  summer  of  18-57.  In  the  month  of  September, 
1865,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Pleasant  Ilill  Baptist  church,  Miss.  He  subse- 
quently united  with  the  Flat  Rock  church,  where 
he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel. 

He  spent  the  next  three  years  of  his  life  as  prin- 
cipal of  Yorkville  Academy.  lie  was  ordained  by 
the  Bethel  church,  Gibson  Co.,  Tenn.,  Revs.  M. 
HilLsman  and  R.  A.  Coleman  constituting  the 
Presbytery.  In  1871  he  was  pastor  of  Spring 
Hill  and  Newbern  churches.  In  1875  he  took 
charge  of  Humboldt  and  Pleasant  Plains  churches; 
having  served  the  previous  year  with  great  success 
as  financial  secretary  of  the  Executive  Board  of  the 
West  Tennessee  Baptist  Convention. 

He  is  now  pastor  of  the  church  at  Sweet  Water, 
East  Tenn..  one  of  the  most  important  points  in 
the  State.  He  is  a  devoted  Christian  and  a  good 
preaelior.     May  he  long  live  to  honor  the  Master! 

Grafton,  Rev.  B.  C,  was  born  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
Sept.  28,  1785.  From  the  time  of  his  hopeful  con- 
version to  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  a  cheerful, 
earnest  Christian.  Having  formed  an  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  Rev.  Dr.  Gano,  of  Providence, 
when  he  was  not  far  from  eighteen  years  of  age, 
and  engaged  in  active  business  in  that  city,  he 
was  wont  to  accompany  that  good  man  in  his  mis- 
sionary tours,  assisting  him  as  occasion  was  given 
by  offering  prayer  or  speaking  a  word  of  exhorta- 
tion to  the  people.  By  degrees  he  came  to  feel  that 
perhaps  he  could  serve  his  JIaster  in  the  work  of 
the  Christian  ministry.  He  studied  for  a  time  with 
Rev.  Hr.  Chapin,  in  Danvers,  Mass.,  and  subse- 
quently with  Rev.  Dr.  Benedict,  in  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  and  was  ordained  in  Providence  in  August, 
1818.  He  was  called  to  the  p.ostorate  of  the  church 
in  West  Cambridge.  Mass..  and  remained  in  this 
place  for  four  years  and  a  lialf.  wlicn  be  removed 


to  Plymouth,  Mass.,  and  was  pastor  of  the  church 
in  this  old  Pilgrim  town  for  six  and  a  half  years. 
His  next  settlements  were  Leeport,  Taunlon, 
Mass.,  Wichford,  R.  I..  Rowley,  Mass.,  Stonington, 
Conn.,  Somerset  and  Medford,  Miuss.  He  spent  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  in  Cambridgeport,  Mass., 
where  be  died  Jan.  12,  1858,  in  the  seventy-third 
year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Grafton  was  a  useful,  happy 
Christian  minister,  and  formed  numy  warm  friend- 
ships in  the  places  where  he  labored. 

Grafton,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  June  9,  1757.  His  father,  who  bad  followed 
the  seas  for  several  years,  on  giving  up  the  command 
of  a  vessel,  removed  to  Providence  and  engaged 
in  the  business  of  sail-making,  and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  Joseph  began  his  apprenticeship  with  bis 
father.  Becoming  a  Christian,  he  united  with  the 
Congregational  church  in  Providence,  although  no- 
thing would  satisfy  him  as  baptism  but  immer- 
sion. Subsequently  he  became  impressed  with  a 
conviction  that  it  was  bis  duty  to  preach  the  gospel. 
He  was  led  through  a  severe  discipline  of  sorrow 
before  he  finally  yielded  to  the  pressure  of  the  duty 
which  was  laid  on  him.  In  the  year  1787,  finding 
his  views  were  in  harmony  with  those  of  the  Bap- 
tists, be  connected  himself  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence.  Having  received  a  call  from 
the  Baptist  church  in  Newton,  Mass.,  be  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  that  church  June  18,  1788,  and 
continued  to  sustain  the  relation  for  almost  fifty 
years.  His  labors  were  Jibundantly  blessed,  several 
revivals  occurring  during  his  ministry.  Five  hun- 
dred and  fifty-four  persons  were  received  into  the 
church  during  his  connection  with  it. 

Mr,  Grafton  was  one  of  the  best-known  and 
honored  ministers  of  his  denomination  in  all  the 
region  where  he  labored  so  long  as  a  servant  of 
Christ,  He  was  full  of  wit.  To  this  day  many 
anecdotes  are  related  of  him,  showing  what  a  vein 
of  humor  there  was  in  him.  Prof.  Gammell,  recall- 
ing the  scenes  of  his  own  early  childhood,  when  his 
father  was  the  pastor  of  the  Medfield  church,  re- 
marks of  him,  in  speaking  of  the  little  circle  of  ex- 
cellent Christian  ministers  who  were  wont  to  meet 
at  the  parsonage,  "  No  single  form,  after  that  of 
my  own  father,  comes  back  to  my  memory  with  a 
distinctness  so  marked  and  life-like  as  that  of  my 
father's  venerated  friend.  Rev,  Joseph  Grafton,  of 
Newton,  He  was  next  to  Rev.  William  Williams, 
of  AVrentbam,  the  oldest  of  them  all ;  but  he  was, 
without  exception,  the  sprlghtliest  and  wittiest  in 
bis  conversation,  and  on  this  .account  the  most  in- 
teresting visitor  in  the  estimation  of  the  children. 
In  dress  he  was  extremely  neat,  and  in  person 
somewhat  below  the  average  stature ;  but  of  a  firm, 
compact  frame,  and  unusually  flexible,  easy,  and 
quick  in  all  bis  movements.  His  eye  was  dark  and 
very  expressive,  and  in  its  quick  flashes,  whether 


GRAHAM 


464 


GRANGER 


in  the  jiulpit  or  at  the  fireside,  there  beamed  forth 
a  deep,  spiritual  intollij^ence  and  sincerity  ;  while 
the  tones  of  his  musical  and  wi'll-niodulated  voice 
did  not  fail  to  rivet  the  attention  of  all  who  heard 
him  speak,  whetlier  in  public  or  in  private."  lie 
was  an  able  minister  of  other  days.  He  died  Sept. 
16,  18:5f.. 

Graham,  Major  W.  A.,  the  third  .son  of  Ex-Gov. 
Graham,  was  liorii  in  Hillsborough,  N.  C,  Dee.  '20, 
1831);  attended  Chapel  Hill  for  a  term,  but  j;radu- 
ated  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  in  1859;  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  L.  Thome  in  185(5 ;  entered  the  army  as  first 
lieutenant;  was  wounded  as  captain  at  Gettysburg, 
and  became  assistant  adjutant-general  of  North 
Carolina,  with  the  rank  of  major.  He  was  in  the 
State  senate  in  1874-70-78,  receiving  every  vote 
cast,  and  came  within  one  vote  of  being  chosen 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  State.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  in  1878,  and 
is  now  the  moderator  of  the  South  Fork  Associa- 
tion. 

Grammar,  Rev.  G.  A.,  a  missionary  of  the 
Arkansas  Baptist  Convention,  living  at  Lonoke, 
Ark.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1844  ;  ordained  in 
186";  besides  supplying  a  number  of  country 
churches  he  was  pastor  at  Yazoo  City,  and  sup- 
plied the  Vicksburg  church  during  1878,  passing 
through  the  terrible  epidemic  of  that  j'car,  and 
losing  most  of  his  family  by  yellow  fever  ;  came  to 
Arkansas  in  1880  and  engaged  in  his  present  work. 

Grand  River  College  is  located  at  Edinburgh, 
in  North  Missouri.  It  has  good  grounds  and 
buildings  and  is  out  of  debt.  Prof  T.  II.  Storts  is 
principal  ;  1 .31  students  were  enrolled  the  past  year. 
1'.  McCulluni  is  the  financial  agent.  The  school 
lias  Haltering  prospects  ami  an  important  position 
in  the  .Stat(^ 

Granger,  Abraham  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Suf- 
field,  Conn.,  in  181.J,  and  graduated  .at  Watorville 
College  in  tlic  class  of  1839.  He  took  the  full 
course  of  theological  study  at  Newton,  and  gradu- 
ated in  the  class  of  1843.  He  was  ordained  in 
November,  1843,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  AVar- 
ren.  Me.,  where  he  remained  until  called  to  take 
charge  of  the  Fourth  church  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
in  1854.  He  continued  in  this  relation  until  1876, 
wlien  he  resigned,  and  has  since  resided  in  Frank- 
lin, Mass.  Dr.  Granger  is  a  trustee  of  Brown  Uni 
versify  and  of  Colby  University.  He  received  from 
the  latter  institution  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity in  1804. 

Granger,  James  N.,  D.D.,  was  liom  in  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y.,  in  August,  1814.  When  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age  he  received  the  appointment 
of  a  cadet  at  West  Point,  but  before  entering  upon 
the  studies  of  his  chosen  profession  he  liecanie  a 
subject  of  the  renewing  grace  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 
and  a  change  in  all  his  plans  of  life  was  immedi- 


ately formed.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution,  and  graduated  in  1838.  He  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Avon, 
N.  Y.,  in  1839.  He  accepted  a  call  to  the  Wash- 
ington Street  church,  Buffalo,  after  a  residence  of 
two  years  at  Avon.  His  pastorate  over  the  Buffalo 
church  was  a  short  one.  Such  was  the  reputation 
he  had  already  gained  that  in  October,  1842,  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Providence  called  him  to 
be  their  minister.  The  position  is  one,  in  some  re- 
spects, of  peculiar  diliiculty,  for  the  church  has 
always  sustained  an  intimate  relation  to  Brown 
University,  and  its  minister  must  accommodate 
himself  to  very  wide  extremes  of  character.  Dr. 
Granger  was  quite  equal  to  the  denmnds  made  on 
him,  and  met  them  with  satisfaction  to  his  people 
as  well  as  honor  to  liimself.  Ten  years  of  per- 
sistent work  were  given  to  this  important  field  of 
labor,  under  the  exhausting  toil  of  which  his  health 
became  somewhat  broken,  and  he  deci<le(l  to  carry 
out  a  long-cherished  purpose  to  spend  several 
months  abroad,  and  tliere  secure  needed  relaxation 
and  recreation.  The  Board  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union  had  decided  to  send  a  depu- 
tation to  the  East  to  look  after  their  various  mission 
stations,  and  they  appointed  Dr.  Granger  to  accom- 
pany Dr.  Peck,  the  foreign  secretary,  on  this  im- 
portant journey.  Eighteen  months  were  spent  in 
accomplishing  the  work  which  had  been  under- 
taken, and  they  were  months  of  severe,  unremit- 
ting toil,  passed  amid  the  heats  and  malaria  of  an 
Oriental  climate.  Dr.  Granger  returned  to  his 
church  with  the  seeds  of  disease  and  death  im- 
planted in  his  system.  He  was  not  permitted  long 
tolaboras  the  faithful  minister  and  the  affectionate 
pastor.  The  disease  which  he  had  contracted  in 
the  East  forbade  the  hope  that  he  would  rally  from 
it.  He  lingered  for  some  months,  and  then  died 
Jan.  5,  1857. 

Dr.  Granger  was  one  of  the  ablest,  most  pure- 
minded,  and  unselfish  ministers  that  has  ever  been 
raised  up  in  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was, 
in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  a  wise  man.  His 
judgments  about  men  and  measures  were  generally 
proved  to  be  correct.  He  possessed,  to  a  remarkable 
degree,  the  elements  of  a  noble  Christian  character. 
It  is  a  good  deal  to  be  able  to  declare,  as  his  most 
familiar  friend,  Dr.  Caswell,  has  said  of  his  pastor, 
"  during  a  period  of  more  than  fourteen  years  of 
intimate,  of  unreserved,  and  confidential  intercourse 
I  never  knew  him  utter  a  sentence  or  do  an  act 
which,  if  spread  before  the  world,  would  in  any 
manner  detract  from  the  purest  Christian  character. 
His  purposes  were  all  open  and  generous  and  good. 
In  the  very  nobleness  of  his  nature  he  was  inca- 
pable of  guile.  He  possessed,  in  an  eminent  degree, 
that  attribute  rarer  than  genius,  rarer  than  high 


GRANT 


465 


GRAVES 


endowments  of  intellect,— an  attribute  almost  un- 
known to  the  aspirants  after  worldly  fame  and 
joy, — a  perfect  candor  and  fairness  of  mind  with 
respect  to  the  claims  of  others." 

It  seems  a  mystery  that  one  with  such  quali- 
ties of  character,  and  capable  of  doin^  so  much 
good,  should  have  been  taken  away  in  the  very 
ripeness  and  maturity  of  his  powers.  Cut  off, 
however,  .so  early,  Dr.  Granger  has  left  to  the  de- 
nomination he  served  so  faithfully  the  rich  legacy 
of  a  bright  example  and  a  beautiful  Christian 
character. 

Grant,  Stillman  Bailey,  D.D.,  one  of  four  sons 
of  a  Baptist  minister,  all  of  whom  became  Baptist 
preachers,  was  born  in  Bolton,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  26, 
1819;  graduated  from  Madison  University,  N.  Y.  ; 
the  next  year  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Granville,  N.  Y.,  and  remained  three 
years;  settled  in  South  Adams,  Mass.,  and  in 
Wallingford,  Conn.,  then  in  New  Haven,  then  in 
New  London,  where  he  remained  nine  years ;  in 
1867  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Hartford,  where  he  remained  till  his  death,  Dec.  17. 
1874;  positive  yet  tender,  decided  yet  charitable, 
clear  in  his  views,  sound  in  the  faith  uf  Christ ;  his 
labors  crowned  with  much  fruit. 

Graves,  Rev.  Absalom,  a  minister  of  Boone 
Co.,  Ky.,  distinguished  for  his  zeal,  piety,  and  great 
success,  -was  born  in  Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  28, 
1768.  lie  received  a  lilieral  education.  In  his 
twentieth  year  he  professed  religion,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  the  Rapidan  meeting- 
house. In  1797  he  removed  to  Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  and 
united  with  Bullittsburg  church.  He  held  some 
civil  offices,  the  duties  of  which  he  discharged 
with  wisdom  and  fidelity.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1810,  ordained  in  1812,  and  became  the 
stated  jn-eacher  at  Bullittsburg  and  some  other 
churches,  laboring  extensively  as  an  evangelist. 
He  was  among  the  first  in  Kentucky  to  espouse  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions,  and  was  a  zealous  co- 
laborer  of  Luther  Rice  in  this  work.  He  compiled 
a  hymn-book,  known  as  '"Graves's  Hymns,"  that 
became  popular.     He  died  Aug.  17,  1820. 

Graves,  Alfred  C,  D.D.,  a  great-grandson  of 
Absalom  Graves,  was  born  in  Boone  Co.,  Ky., 
Jan.  5,  1838.  He  united  with  Bullittsburg  Bap- 
tist church  in  1853.  In  185.5  the  church  "encour- 
aged him  to  exercise  his  gift."  He  was  educated 
at  Georgetown  College,  and  finished  his  course  in 
theology  at  the  Western  Baptist  Theological  .'Semi- 
nary, Ky.,  in  I8I1I).  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry, and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Ilarrodsburg.  Ky.,  the  same  year.  In  1803  he  was 
pastor  of  Jefferson  Street  church  in  Louisville,  also 
edited  the  Western  Recunler  several  years,  ancl  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  of  Portland  Avenue  church.  While 
in    Louisville,   he  wrote    '•  La  Rue's   Ministrv  of 


Faith,"  which  passed  through  two  editicjns.  In  1867 
he  took  charge  of  Stamping  Ground  church,  in  Scott 
Co.,  Ky.  In  1871  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist 
church  in  Manchester,  N.  II.  He  remained  there 
about  six  years.  During  this  pastorate  the  church 
built  a  house  of  worship,  at  a  cnst  of  875.(H)0,  and 
received  171  members.  In  1877,  his  health  being 
impaired,  he  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  soon 
afterwards  took  charge  of  tlie  Baptist  church  at 
Lebanon,  Ky.,  where  he  now  ministers. 

Graves,  Hon,  Calvin. — 'riie  Graves  family,  of 
Caswell  County,  \.  C,  have  longl)een  distinguished 
for  intelligence  and  virtue.  The  mother  of  the  sul)- 
ject  of  this  sketch  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  John 
Williams,  who  received  his  military  appointment 
from  the  gener.al  Congress  of  the  provinces  in  1775, 
and  afterwards  was  distinguished  for  bravery  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  ]Mr.  Graves  was  prepared  for 
college  by  Rev.  Wm.  Bingham  ;  spent  but  one  year 
at  Chapel  Hill,  and  read  law  with  Ju<lge  Thos.  Set- 
tle and  Chief  Justice  Leonard  Henderson.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827,  and  soon  entered  upon 
a  large  practice.  He  became  a  public  man  in  1835, 
having  been  elected  a  delegate  to  the  convention 
called  to  revise  the  constitution  of  the  State.  He 
was  chosen  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
in  1.S40,  and  soon  became  a  leader  of  his  party.  He 
was  .Speaker  of  the  House  in  1842.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  senate  in  1846,  and  again  in  1848, 
when  he  gave  the  casting  vote,  as  Speaker,  in  favor 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  against  the  wishes  of 
his  constituents,  because  ho  thought  it  was  for  the 
good  of  the  State.  Mr.  Graves  became  a  Baptist  in 
1837,  and  preserved  a  consistent  Christian  character 
through  all  his  professional  and  political  career. 
He  was  twice  married,  and  died  Feb.  11,  1877,  in 
his  seventy-fourth  year. 

Graves,  Rev.  Henry  C,  was  born  in  Decrfield, 
Mass,  He  pursued  his  academic  studies  at  Shel- 
bonrne  Falls  and  East  Hampton  Academies,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  Amherst  College  in  the  class 
(if  1856.  He  studied  at  Newton  two  years,  and 
was  ordained  March  9,  1858.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  Bunker  Hill  church,  in  Charlestown,  Mass., 
five  years,  when  he  removed  to  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  became  pastor  of  what  was  then  the  Brown 
Street  Baptist  church,  since  united  with  the  Third, 
to  form  the  Union  Baptist  church  of  Providence. 
This  pastorate  continued  for  eleven  years.  Mr. 
Graves  removed  to  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in  1874,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  that 
city,  where  he  now  resides.  In  his  fields  of  labor 
the  Lord  has  greatly  blessed  Iiis  ministrations. 

Graves,  Rev.  Hiram  Atwell,  was  born  in 
Wendall,  Mass.,  April  5,  1813.  He  was  a  child 
(if  remarkaljle  precocity.  Within  three  months 
from  the  time  his  parents  allowed  him  the  use  of  a 
book,  he  had  learned  to  read,  and  when  he  was 


GRA  VESS 


466 


QUA  VES 


four  years  old  he  bad  read  the  New  Testament 
through.  He  might  have  been  prepared  for  col- 
Ie;;e  wlien  he  was  not  much  over  twelve  had  he  not 
been  restraine<l  by  his  parents.  Soon  after  reach- 
ing the  age  of  thirteen  he  gave  good  evidence  of 
conversion,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father  and 
received  into  the  luembersliip  of  the  church  of 
which  he  was  pastor.  lie  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  College,  Vt.,  in  1834.  When  twenty-three 
years  of  age  he  was  ordained  in  Springfield,  Mass. 
His  pastorate  was  a  brief  one.  Failing  health  com- 
pelled him  to  resign,  and  for  the  .same  reason  he 
gave  up  his  ministry  in  Lynn,  whither  be  had  gone 
on  leaving  .Springfield.  In  1842  he  became  the 
editor  of  the  Clirintian  lii-Jlecior,  a  IJaptist  weekly 
newspaper,  published  in  Boston.  He  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  the  office  when  the  fortunes  of  the 
paper  were  at  their  lowest  ebb.  At  once  it  was  evi- 
dent that  an  energetic  man  was  at  the  helm  of  affairs. 
The  moribund  paper  was  lifted  into  new  life.  Its 
subscription  list  increased  largely,  and  it  was  a 
power  in  the  denomination,  which  made  itself  felt 
in  every  direction.  At  length  it  was  united  with 
the  Christian  Watchman,  and  nnder  the  new  name 
of  the  )Va/ihviiin  and  Ueflerior  it  was  the  most 
popular  Baptist  paper  in  all  New  England. 

Such  hard  and  constant  strain  on  his  nervous 
system,  as  he  was  forced  to  endure  to  bring  his 
paper  up  to  the  point  where  he  finally  left  it, 
thoroughly  exhausted  him,  and  he  was  compelled 
to  retire  from  his  editorial  chair  and  seek  rest  and 
recuperation  in  a  milder  climate.  Three  or  four 
years  were  spent  in  the  island  of  Jamaica.  His 
disease  was  probably  held  in  check,  but  it  was  not 
subdued.  Feeling  satisfied  that  he  could  not  re- 
cover, he  returned  to  his  native  land,  and  after 
lingering  a  few  weeks,  he  died  at  his  father's  house 
in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  Nov.  .3.  1850. 

The  fame  of  Mr.  Graves  rests  upon  his  accom- 
plishments as  an  editor.  Of  him,  as  working  in 
this  department  of  Christian  labor.  Dr.  Turnbull 
says,  "  He  formed  the  character  and  laid  the  foun- 
dation of  the  prosperity  of  the  Watchman  and  Ue- 
ftectnr,  the  leading  Baptist  journal  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  one  of  the  best  papers  in  the  country. 
Easy,  versatile,  and  graceful,  apt,  also,  in  a  high 
degree,  with  suflicient  spice  of  wit  and  vigor,  al- 
ways sensible  and  often  eloquent,  his  leaders,  short 
or  long,  were  the  first  things  caught  by  apprecia- 
tive readers.  In  full  sympathy  with  the  spirit  of 
Christianity  and  the  progress  of  the  age  in  all 
benevolent  enterprises,  he  throw  himself  into  the 
grand  movement  of  the  church  for  the  salvation  of 
the  world.  Our  educational,  missionary,  and  phi- 
lanthropic schemes  are  largely  indebted  to  his  ju- 
dicious, earnest  advocacy." 

Graves,  Rev.  J.  M.,  was  born  in  Shrewsbury, 
Mass..  in  17'.'4.  and   Ntu  lied   for  the  ministrv  with 


Rev.  Dr.  Going,  of  Worcester.  He  was  ordained 
at  Royalton,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  He  was  pastor  also  for  a  time  of  the  church 
in  WardcU,  Mass.  Subsequently  he  devoted  fifteen 
years  of  his  life  to  pastoral  work  in  Vermont.  lie 
was  pastor  also  of  churches  in  East  Boston  and 
Methuen,  Mass.  For  a  time  he  supplied  the 
churches  at  Brighton  and  West  Newton,  and  was 
in  the  service  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  State 
Convention.  He  was  a  faithful  minister  of  the 
gospel.  His  death  occurred  at  Charlcstown,  Mass., 
Jan.  15,  1870. 

Graves,  J.  B,.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Chester,  Vt., 
April  10,  18:20.     On  his  father's  side  he  descends 


J.  R.  GRAVES,  I.I..D. 

from  a  French  Huguenot,  who  fled  to  America, 
most  of  whose  family  perished  at  the  revocation 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  who  settled  in  the  village 
of  Chester,  Vt.  His  mother  was  the  granddaugh- 
ter of  a  distinguished  German  physician  and 
scholar  named  Schnell.  Dr.  Graves  is  the  youngest 
of  three  children.  His  father  died  su<l(lenly  when 
he  was  but  three  weeks  old.  and  although  a  partner 
in  a  prosperous  mercantile  house,  the  business  was 
so  managed  that  but  little  was  left  to  the  stricken 
widow.  Young  Graves  was  converted  at  fifteen, 
and  was  b.apti/.ed  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  North  Springfield,  Vt.  In  his  nineteenth 
year  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Kingsville 
Academy,  0..  where  he  remained  two  years,  when 
with  impaired  health  he  went  for  the  winter  to 
Kentucky.  There  he  took  charge  of  the  Clear 
Creek    Academy,    near    Nicholasville,    Jessamine 


G ore HER 


461 


GOULD 


He  received  the  highest  Iionor  in  the  fjift  of  his 
brethren  by  his  election  to  the  chair  of  the  Baptist 
Union  in  1868. 

Ooucher,  E.ev.  John  E.,  was  bom  at  Malvern 
8i|iiare,  Annapolis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia;  studied  at 
Acadia  C'ollet;e;  ordained  at  Upper  Gagetown, 
New  Brunswick  ;  and  he  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Port  Medway  and  the  North  church,  Halifax,  lie 
is  now  pastor  at  Truro,  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Goucher's 
niiiiisti-y  is  devotedly  earnest  and  useful. 

Gould,  A.  A.,  M.D.,  was  born  at  New  Ipswich, 
N.  II..  in  1S05,  and  received  his  collegiate  educa- 
tion at  Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1825.  He  also  graduated  from  the 
medical  school  of  Harvard,  the  degree  of  M.D. 
having  been  conferred  on  him  in  1830.  lledevoted 
a  life  of  more  than  thirty  years  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  stood  high  among  the  best  phy- 
.sicians  of  Bost<m.  He  won  also  an  enduring  repu- 
tation as  a  laborer  in  different  fields  of  natural 
science.  We  are  told  that  when  "  Sir  Charles 
Lyell  visited  this  country  in  (jrder  to  pursue  his 
celebrated  geological  investigations,  as  soon  as  he 
touched  the  shore  the  first  man  from  whom  ho 
sought  aid  as  an  ■  expert'  and  co-worker  was  Dr. 
Gould,  whose  contributions  to  natural  history,  and 
at  that  time  especially  to  conchology,  furnished  the 
light  that  was  needed  to  mark  out  the  programme 
of  the  explorer.  From  the  years  of  his  student  life 
to  the  day  of  his  departure  his  industry  was  inces- 
sant, sustained  with  manly  vigor  and  scholarly 
enthusiasm."  For  a  series  of  years  he  was  vice- 
president  of  the  Natural  History  Society,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts,  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  and  of  other  kin- 
dred bodies.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  filled 
cme  of  the  most  honoraljle  positions  which  a  Mas- 
sachusetts physician  can  occupy,  that  of  president 
of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  Gould  was  a  faithful  and  consistent  member 
of  the  Kowe  Street  Baptist  church,  in  Boston, 
during  all  his  professional  career.  His  death  oc- 
curred Sept.  15,  1866. 

Gould,  Prof.  Ezra  Palmer,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass..  Feb.  27,  1841.  lie  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  the  class  of  1861,  and  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1868.  He 
was  ordained  in  September,  1868.  For  three  years 
he  was  assistant  professor  of  Biblical  Literature 
and  Interpretation  at  Newton,  and  has  been  Pro- 
fessor of  Biblical  Literature  and  Interpretation 
(New  Testament)  since  1871.  Prof.  Gould  has 
prepared  articles  for  reviews  on  subjects  pertaining 
to  his  department  of  study,  and  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  columns  of  the  weekly  religious 
press. 

Gould,  Thomas,  was  famous  in  the  annals  of 
the  early  Baptists  in  Eastern   Massachusetts  for 


the  persecutions  he  endured  on  account  of  his 
sentiments.  He,  like  thousands  in  our  own  day 
not  connected  with  Baptist  churches,  questioned 
the  divine  authority  of  infant  baptism.  Cotton 
Mather  speaks  of  a  "multitude  of  holy,  watchful, 
faithful,  and  heavenly  people  aiuong  the  first  set- 
tlers of  New  England,  who  had  scruples  as  to  in- 
fant baptism."'  Mr.  Gould  was  a  man  of  very 
modest  pretensions,  a  private  member  of  a  small 
country  church,  who  declined  to  present  his  new- 
born child  at  the  baptismal  font,  for  which  a  cru- 
sade was  opened  against  him  by  the  whole  Pedo- 
baptist  community,  which  in  the  end  enlisted  all 
the  logic,  the  stratagems,  and  bigotry  of  the  entire 
body  of  the  clergy,  and  brought  a  long  train  of 
legal  enactments  from  the  secular  powers. 

Mr.  Gould  was  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
church  in  Charlestown  under  the  pastoral  care  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Sims,  and  this  is  his  story:  "On  a  first 
day,  in  the  afternoon,  one  told  me  I  must  stop,  for 
the  church  would  speak  with  me.  They  called  me 
out,  and  Master  Sims  told  the  church  that  this 
brother  did  withhold  his  child  from  baptism,  and 
that  they  had  sent  to  him  to  come  down  on  such  a 
day  to  speak  with  them,  and  if  he  could  not  come  on 
that  day  to  set  a  day  when  he  would  be  at  home  ; 
but  he,  refusing  to  come,  would  appoint  no  time; 
when  we  writ  to  him  to  take  his  own  time  and  send 
us  word."  I  replied  that  "  there  was  no  such  word 
in  the  letter,  for  mo  to  appoint  the  d.-iv  :  but  what 
time  of  that  day  1  should  come."  "  Master"  Sims 
told  him  he  lied,  but  on  reading  the  letter  sent  to 
him,  it  was  found,  somewhat  to  the  confusion  of 
"  Master"'  Sims,  that  he  was  right.  "  They  called 
me  forth  to  know  why  I  would  not  bring  my  child 
to  baptism  ?  My  answer  was,  I  did  not  see  any 
rule  of  Christ  for  it.  for  that  ordinance  belongs  to 
such  as  can  make  profession  of  their  faith,  as  the 
Scripture  doth  plainly  hold  forth."'  No  better  an- 
swer could  be  given  by  the  most  learned  divine. 
A  meeting  was  appointed  to  be  held  the  next  week 
at  "  Mr.  Russell" s"  to  take  further  action  on  the 
matter.  There  seems  to  have  been  a  four  or  five 
hours'  hot  discussion,  when,  as  Mr.  Gould  tells  us. 
"  one  of  the  company  stood  up  and  said,  '  I  will 
give  you  one  plain  place  of  Scripture  where  chil- 
dren were  baptized.'  I  told  him  that  would  put  an 
end  to  the  controversy.  '  That  place  is  in  the  2d 
of  Acts,  39th  and  40th  verses.'  After  he  had  read 
the  Scripture,  Mr.  Sims  told  me  that  promise  be- 
longed to  infants,  for  the  Scripture  saith,  'The 
promise  is  to  you,  and  your  children,  and  to  all 
that  are  afar  off,'  and  he  said  no  more;  to  it  I  re- 
plied, '  Even  as  many  as  the  Lord  our  God  shall 
call.'  Mr.  Sims  replied  that  I  spoke  blasphemously 
in  adding  to  the  Scriptures.  I  said,  '  Pray  do  not 
condemn  me,  for  if  I  am  deceived  my  eves  deceive 
me.'     lie  replied  again  I  added  to  the  Scripture, 


GOVE 


462 


GOVE 


which  was  blasphemy.  I  lonkod  into  my  Bible, 
reail  the  words  again,  and  said  it  was  so.  lie  re- 
plied the  same  words  the  third  time  before  the 
church.  Mr.  Russell  stood  up  and  told  him  it  was 
80  as  I  had  read  it.  '  Ay,  it  may  be  so  in  your 
Bible,'  saith  Mr.  Sims.  Mr.  Russell  answered. '  Yea, 
in  yours,  too,  if  you  will  look  into  it.'  Then  he 
said  he  was  mistaken,  for  he  thought  on  another 
place ;  so  after  many  words  we  broke  up  for  that 
time." 

For  seven  years  tliis  sort  of  controversy  was  kept 
up.  All  the  powers  of  church  and  state  seem  to 
have  been  thrown  into  commotion  because  the  child 
of  a  modest  yet  conscientious  member  of  the  church 
was  not  brought  to  the  baptismal  font.  The  very 
existence  of  the  churches  of  the  "  standing  order," 
it  was  believed,  was  imperiled  by  such  wanton 
neglect.  Well  did  Mr.  Gould  write,  ."If  eight  or 
nine  poor  Anabaptists,  as  they  call  them,  should  br 
the  destruction  of  their  churches,  their  foundatinu 
must  be  sandy  indeed.'  Out  of  this  persecution 
sprang  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Its 
members  for  years  endured  obloquy  and  shame. 
They  were  fined,  and  some  of  them  sentenced  to 
be  banished,  and  because  they  would  not  go  into 
exile  they  were  imprisoned  more  than  a  year.  It 
was  in  vain  that  some  of  the  first  men  of  the  col- 
ony, like  Gov.  Leverett,  Lieut.-Gov.  Willoughby, 
and  others  opposed  these  persecuting  measures. 
The  English  Dissenters  at  home  protested  against 
this  harsh  dealing  as  opposed  to  the  very  funda- 
mental principles  of  religious  toleration.  But  their 
protests  availed  nothing  with  the  Boston  Puritans. 
The  sufferings  of  the  martyrs  of  religions  liberty 
continued  for  many  years.  Mr.  Gould  died  in  Oc- 
tober, 1675.  He  had  not  lived  and  suffered  in  vain. 
The  principles  which  he  held,  and  for  holding 
which  he  endured  so  much,  are  everywhere  ac- 
cepted, and  the  revolution  which  he  started  has 
secured  wonderful  victories  for  the  cause  of  re- 
ligious freedom  not  only  in  the  old  Bay  State,  but 
over  the  whole  country. 

Gove,  Elijah,  was  bom  in  Charleston,  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  May,  1802.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer,  having  become  helpless  through  pa- 
ralysis, important  responsibilities  devolved  upon  the 
son  while  yet  very  young.  A  mortgage  upon  the 
farm,  large  for  that  time,  he  paid  off  before  became 
of  age.  Leaving  home  without  a  tr.ade  or  profes- 
sion, we  find  him  in  a  short  time  proprietor  and 
captain  of  a  boat  on  the  Krie  Canal.  "  On  a  trip 
from  Albany  to  Rochester  in  1S24,  he  had  a  lady 
passenger  who,  two  years  Later,  became  his  wife." 
Soon  after  his  marri.age  he  removed  to  Ohio.  Not 
yet  having  become  a  Christian,  and  ambitious  to 
acquire  a  fortune,  he  became  a  distiller,  engaging 
in  this  business  at  Mcndosia.  111.,  where  at  the  end 
of  seven  years  he  had  nccumulated  some  thirty  or 


forty  thousand  dollars.  At  the  earnest  solicitation 
of  his  wife  he  gave  up  this  business,  and  in  1847 
removed  to  Quincy.  There,  at  the  age  of  forty- 
seven,  he  became  a  Christian,  uniting  with   the 


ELIJAH    OOVE. 


Baptist  church.  He  was  one  of  those  to  whom  the 
beautiful  city  which  now  became  his  home  was 
most  indebted  fur  its  early  and  rapid  growth,  and 
for  the  solid  basis  upon  which  its  prosperity  was 
made  to  rest.  He  became  also  greatly  interested  in 
church  building,  and  gave  large  amounts  towards 
enterprises  of  this  kind  in  different  Western  States. 
Mr.  Gove's  meml)ership  was  at  first  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Quincy.  In  1856  he  went  with 
others  to  constitute  the  Vermont  Street  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  and  was  one  of  the  few  who 
erected  its  handsome  house  of  worship.  He  re- 
mained a  member  here  until  his  death,  in  1874. 
Between  the  years  1856  and  1874  he  gave  about 
§18,000  to  this  church  and  its  pastors.  His  gifts 
otherwise  were  very  large.  The  first  of  all  his  many 
donations  to  various  causes  was  made  to  Shurtleff 
College,  while  still  living  at  Mendosia.  To  this  insti- 
tution, between  the  years  1849  and  1873,  his  gifts 
aggregated  $59,285;  including  the  legacy  in  his 
will,  the  whole  amount  given  was  about  $75,000. 
In  the  twenty-five  years  from  his  conversion  till 
his  death,  the  sum  of  his  gifts  to  various  special 
objects  was  not  far  from  .?!  10,000,  all  in  money. 
It  has  been  said  of  him  that  "he  gave  more  for 
the  cause  of  Christian  education  than  any  other 
Baptist  the  West  ever  had."  In  this  spirit  of  large 
benevolence  his  wife  fully  sympathized.     She  still 


GRA  VES 


467 


GRA  VES 


Co.  About  that  time  lie  united  witli  the  Mount 
Freedom  church,  and  was  sonn  licensed  to  preach 
without  his  knowledge,  but  he  would  not  enter  the 
ministry,  feelini;  hiruself  wholly  disqualified  for  so 
great  a  work.  For  four  years  he  gave  six  hours  to 
the  school-riiom  and  eight  to  study,  going  over  a 
college  course  without  a  teacher,  mastering  a  modern 
language  yearly,  making  the  Bible  the  man  of  his 
counsel,  and  Paul  his  instructor  in  theology.  These 
years  of  hard  study  and  self-reliant  investigation 
gave  the  peculiar  character  which  belongs  to  his 
preaching  ami  reasoning.  From  the  time  of  his 
conversion  he  was  impressed  with  the  duty  of  pro- 
claiming the  gospel,  and  always  shaped  his  studies 
with  a  view  to  the  ministry  as  his  life-work,  but 
breathed  this  secret  to  no  one.  lie  was  called  to 
ordination  by  his  church  against  his  desire.  The 
venerable  Dr.  Dillanl,  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  was 
the  chairman  of  the  examining  Presbytery,  and 
preached  the  .sermon  on  the  occasion.  lie  came  to 
Jfashville,  Tenn.,  July  3,  1845.  In  a  few  days  he 
rented  a  building  and  opened  the  Vine  Street  Clas- 
sical and  Mathematical  Academy,  and  shortly  after- 
wards united  with  the  First  Baptist  cluuch.  In 
the  fall  of  IS4.5  he  took  charge  of  the  Secoml 
church,  on  Cherry  Street,  now  the  Central  Baptist 
church,  and  the  following  year  he  was  elected  edi- 
tor of  the  Tennessee  Baptist,  when  his  public  re- 
ligious career,  with  which  all  are  more  or  less 
familiar,  commenced.  It  is  difficult  to  give  even  a 
brief  summary  of  the  work  accom|]Iished  and  the 
influence  exerted  by  a  mind  so  active,  an  intellect 
so  great,  and  a  genius  so  uncommon. 

When  in  the  autumn  of  1846  he  took  charge  of 
the  Tennessee  Baptist,  it  had  a  circulation  of  only 
ItXX),  and  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  it 
had  attained  the  largest  circulation  of  any  Baptist 
paper  in  the  world,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  paper 
ever  exerted  a  wider  denominational  influence.  At 
the  same  time  he  edited  a  monthly,  a  quarterly,  and 
an  annual,  besides  editing  all  the  books  that  were 
issued  from  the  presses  of  the  Southwestern  Pub- 
lishing House.  In  addition  he  h;is  written  and 
published  the  following  works  :  '"  The  Desire  of  All 
Nations,"  "  The  Watchman's  Reply,"  "The  Tri- 
lemma."  "The  First  Baptist  Church  in  America,'' 
"  The  Little  Iron  Wheel,"  "  TheGrcat  Iron  Wheel," 
"The  Bible  Doctrine  of  the  Middle  Life,"  "  Expo- 
sition of  Modern  Spiritism,"  which,  for  origi- 
nality and  thoroughness,  has  received  the  com- 
mendation of  the  first  scholars  of  the  age,  "  The 
New  Hymn  and  Tune  Book,"  "The  Little  Seraph," 
and  last,  "Old  Landmarkism,  What  It  Is."  lie 
has  edited  and  brought  before  the  public,  American 
editions  of  very  valuable  works. — Robinson's  "  His- 
tory of  Baptism,"  Wall's  "  History  of  Infant  Bap- 
tism," Orchard's  "  History  of  Foreign  and  English 
Baptists,"  "  Stewart  on  Baptism,"  and  other  minor 


works.  But  he  considers  that  the  great  theological 
work  of  his  life  is  now  passing  through  the  press, 
entitled  "  The  Work  of  Christ  in  Seven  Dispensa- 
tions." 

He  originated  the  first  Ministers'  Institute,  He 
raised  without  compensation  the  endowment  of  tli<? 
theological  chair  in  Union  University,  and  without 
charge  he  established  the  Mary  Sharpe  College, 
Winchester,  Tenn,,  securing  the  necessary  funds, 
and  he  drafted  its  admirable  curriculum. 

In  1S4S  he  originated  the  Southwestern  Publish- 
ing House,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  the  dissemination 
of  sound  Baptist  literature,  and  subsequently  the 
Southern  Baptist  Sunday-School  Union,  both  of 
which  achieved  great  success,  but  were  destroyed 
by  the  war.  In  1870  he  presented  the  plan  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  to  the  Big 
Ilatchie  Association  of  Tennessee,  by  which  it  was 
approved  :  and  in  the  summer  of  1874  he  turned 
over  to  the  society  ?I30,()00,  which  he  had  raised 
in  cash  and  bonds,  as  an  endowment ;  but  owing 
to  the  financial  crisis  which  succeeded,  and  other 
causes,  the  society  has  suspended. 

He  is  a  great  preacher,  following  unusual  lines 
of  thought.  He  is  pre-eminently  doctrinal,  yet 
Christ  crucified  is  the  soul  of  every  sermon.  He 
is  lengthy,  yet  he  holds  the  attention  of  his  audi- 
ence to  the  last.  He  insists  strongly  upon  the 
form,  rights,  and  duties  of  the  true  church,  and 
yet  he  always  places  Christ  before  the  church,  and 
upon  water  baptism,  and  baptism  properly  admin- 
istered, yet  he  places  the  blood  of  Christ  before 
water.  In  power  of  illustration,  in  earnestness 
of  denunciation,  in  force  of  logic,  in  boldness  of 
thought,  and,  at  times,  in  tenderness  of  soul,  he 
has  few  peers.  His  eloquence  is  sometimes  over- 
whelming, A  judge  in  the  city  of  Memphis,  on 
"brief  day,"  in  lecturing  the  bar  upon  the  im- 
portance of  a  clear  statement  of  propositions,  once 
remarked,  "  The  gift  is  as  rare  as  genius,  but  is 
still  susceptible  of  cultivation.  Of  living  ministers 
I  know  of  no  one  who  possesses  it  in  a  higher  de- 
gree than  Dr,  Graves,  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
in  this  city.  He  lays  down  his  propositions  so 
clearly  that  they  come  with  the  force  of  axioms 
that  need  no  demonstration,"'  It  is  not  remarkable 
that  a  man  of  such  force  of  intellect  has  taken 
bold  and  advanced  positions,  coming  in  conflict 
with  the  opinions  of  many  even  in  his  own  denom- 
ination. He  is  the  acknowledged  head  of  the  great 
movement  among  Baptists  known  as  "  Old  Land- 
markism,"  With  all  the  strong  blows  he  has  in- 
flicted upon  error  he  is  one  of  the  kindest  of  living 
men. 

In  his  early  ministry,  Dr,  Graves  had  many  con- 
verts under  his  preaching.  The  writer  was  with 
him  on  one  occasion  in  Brownsville,  Tenn,.  in 
184',l,  where  more  than  seventy  persons,  including 


GRA VES 


468 


GRA  VES 


the  best  men  and  women  of  the  place,  found  the 
Saviour.  His  ai-f^unients,  illustrations,  and  appeals 
were  the  most  powerful  he  ever  heard.  Before  he 
was  thirty  years  of  ii^e  over  1300  persons  had  pro- 
fessed religion  in  special  meetings  which  he  held. 

In  1853  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  were  e.xceedinifly 
anxious  to  estalilish  a  stronj;  Baptist  church  in  New 
Orleans.  To  secure  this  object  tliey  invited  Dr. 
Fuller,  of  Baltimore,  to  go  to  that  city  as  a  mis- 
sionary. He  was  the  most  eloquent  preacher  in 
the  South,  and  he  had  no  superior  in  the  North, 
but  he  declined  the  request.  Then  they  formally 
jvppointed  Dr.  Graves  to  the  position  with  a  salary 
of  $3000  [ler  annum.  The  work  to  be  done,  the 
place  where  it  was  to  be  performed,  and  the  ex- 
traordinary salary  for  that  day  which  they  offered, 
showed  their  great  appreciation  of  his  pulpit  gifts. 
Dr.  Graves  has  a  wonderful  command  over  Ifis 
audience,  holding  theni  spell-bound  for  hours  at  a 
time.  He  is  deeply  in  earnest,  utters  the  strong 
convictions  of  his  own  mind,  and  carries  his  hearers 
with  him  as  by  the  force  of  a  tornado.  And  this 
is  true  of  all  classes, — teachers,  doctors,  lawyers, 
judges,  statesmen.  At  a  session  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention  before  the  late  war,  Joseph  E. 
Brown,  then  governor  of  Georgia,  in  a  speech  be- 
fore the  Convention  upon  the  obligations  of  Baptists 
to  give  to  the  world  a  pure  Bible  literature,  said, 
"  There  is  one  man  who  has  done  more  than  any 
fifty  men  now  living  to  enable  the  Baptists  of 
America  to  know  their  own  history  and  their  own 
principles,  and  to  make  the  world  know  lljem,  and 
that  man  is  the  brother  on  my  right,"  bowing  to 
the  editor  of  the  Tennessee  Baptist,  Dr.  Graves, 
who  was  present. 

As  a  presiding  officer  over  deliberative  bodies, 
Dr.  Graves  has  often  been  honored,  and  no  man 
more  richly  deserves  it.  Dr.  Graves  has  had  some 
eight  or  ten  public  discussions,  to  each  of  which 
he  was  challenged,  ami  in  every  one  of  which  his 
opponent  felt  sorry  for  inviting  the  conflict. 

Dr.  Graves  in  his  peculiarities  represents  a  sec- 
tion of  the  Baptist  denomination,  a  conscientious 
and  devoted  portion  of  our  great  apostolic  com- 
munity, but  in  his  earnest  and  generous  zeal  for 
our  heaven-inspired  principles  he  represents  all 
thorough  Baptists  throughout  the  ages  and  the 
nations.  In  his  literary  efforts  he  has  rendered 
immense  service  to  the  Baptist  churches  of  America. 
The  republication  of  Robinson's  "  History  of  Bap- 
tism" and  Wall's  "  History  of  Infant  Baptism," 
with  his  able  introductions,  and  the  other  historical 
works  which  have  been  issued  through  his  instru- 
mentality, have  exerted  a  vast  influence  in  favor 
of  the  oldest  denomination  in  Christendom.  The 
fearless  bohlness  of  Dr.  Graves  in  advocating  the 
practices  of  Christ  and  his  Apostles,  his  manly  de- 


nunciations of  that  ungodly  cliarity  that  would 
tii'ad  under  foot  a  divine  onlinance  to  please  un- 
taught professing  Christians  of  Fedobaptist  denom- 
inations, have  aided  mightily  in  suppressing  luke- 
warmness,  and  in  fostering  zeal  for  the  truth  among 
us.  The  Aliihama  Jlttjilist,  Dr.  E.  T.  Winkler 
editor,  truly  says,  "  Extreme  as  the  views  of  Dr. 
Graves  have  Ijy  many  been  regarded  as  being,  th(!re 
is  no  question  that  they  have  [lowerfully  contributed 
to  the  correction  of  a  false  liberalism  that  was  cur- 
rent in  many  quarters  thirty  years  ago."  Dr.  S. 
H.  Ford,  in  his  Christian  Reposttori/,  gives  his  ap- 
prov.al  to  this  statement,  saying,  '■  We  fully  indorse 
this  just  commendation  of  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Graves. 
We  differ  with  him  in  some  things,  but  we  honor 
his  heroic  life-work  in  meeting  and  exposing  error 
wherever  uttered." 

Graves,  Samuel,  D.D.,  son  of  John  and  Betsey 
(Cilley)  Graves,   was   born   in  Ackworth,   N.   H., 


SAMIEL   CRAVES,  D.D. 

March  15,  1S20.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was 
apprenticed  to  E.  &  T.  Fairbanks  &  Co.,  scale 
manufacturers,  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. :  but  at  the 
end  of  two  years  his  strong  desire  for  an  educa- 
tion led  to  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship,  and  he 
went  to  Madison  University,  N.  Y.  Here  he  re- 
mained until  1S4G,  completing  the  collegiate  and 
theological  course  of  study.  During  the  two  years 
of  his  divinity  cour.se,  and  for  one  year  following, 
he  served  the  university  as  tutor  in  Greek. 

In  1848  he  became  pastor  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
During  three  years  of  service  in  this  field  he  saw 
the  church  increase  from  62  to  216  members.     In 


GRAVES 


469 


GRAY 


1851  he  hecamo  Professor  of  Greek  in  Kalamazoo 
College,  and  of  Systematic  Theology  iu  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  During  the  eight  years  that 
followed  he  rendered  excellent  service  and  had  the 
fullest  confidence  of  the  friends  of  these  institu- 
tions. In  1859  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  enjoyed  a  prosper- 
ous pastorate  of  ten  years. 

January  1,  1870,  he  entered  upon  his  work  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Grand  Rapids,  and 
has  held  the  office  till  now.  During  his  ministry 
the  church  has  prospered  far  beyond  its  previous 
e.\perience,  and  a  coniuiodious  and  elegant  house 
of  worship  has  been  built.  In  1872  he  spent  seven 
months  in  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land.  In  1871-72 
he  was  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention 
of  Michigan.  In  1879  he  preached  the  annual 
sermon  before  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union.  He  has  an  eminently  catholic  spirit,  and  is 
greatly  respected  and  beloved  by  his  brethren  in 
the  ministry. 

Graves,  Z.  C,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  1810,  in 
Chester,  Vt.  He  is  the  brother  of  Dr.  J.  R. 
Graves,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  In  early  life  he  was 
frail,  and  unfitted  to  bear  hardships,  and  by 
the  advice  of  a  physician  he  was  sent  to  a  farm 
to  secure  health  from  its  pure  air  and  strength- 
ening exercises.  Here  he  remained  until  his  six- 
teenth year,  working  upon  the  farm  during  the 
summer,  and  attending  the  winter  school  for  three 
or  four  months  each  year.  It  was  in  the  latter 
part  of  this  year  that  he  united  with  the  liaptist 
church  in  North  Springfield.  Ilis  insatiable  thirst 
for  books  led  to  his  return  home,  that  he  might 
enter  Chester  Academy.  He  prosecuted  its  classi- 
cal and  mathematical  course  for  live  or  six  terms. 
From  it  he  went  to  the  Baptist  High  or  Normal 
School,  at  Ludlow,  where  he  pursued  his  studies 
until  twenty-one,  supporting  himself  by  teach- 
ing district  schools  three  or  four  months  each 
winter. 

The  wonderful  success  of  the  winter  schools 
which  he  taught  during  these  training  years,  the 
great  interest  taken  in  their  studies  by  his  scholars, 
and  their  proficiency,  Tnarkeil  him  out  as  the  coming 
teacher  before  he  had  finished  his  education.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  went  West,  and  opene<l  a 
private  school  in  Ashtabula,  0.,  where  becoming 
known  as  a  successful  teacher,  upon  the  resignatiiui 
of  his  brother,  .1.  R.  Graves,  he  was  elected  prin- 
cipal of  Kingsville  Academy,  situated  in  a  neat 
little  village  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  midway 
between  Ashtabula  and  Conneaut.  Here  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Adelia  C.  Spencer,  an  intellectual  and 
accomplished  lady,  who  has  been  for  thirty  j'ears 
associated  with  him  as  matron  of  the  Mary  Sharpe 
College,  and  known  in  literary  circles  as  the  au- 
thoress of  "  Jephtha's  Daughter,''  a  poem  of  rare 


excellence,  and  her  master-piece,  "  Seclusaval ;  or, 
the  Arts  of  Romanism." 

As  principal  of  this  academy  our  young  teacher 
achieved  a  success  without  a  parallel  in  the  history 
of  Western  schools  and  aca<leuiies.  His  fame  drew 
patronage  not  from  surrounding  counties  only,  but 
from  adjoining  States.'  Men  who  have  become 
eminent  as  jurists  and  statesmen,  missionaries, 
professors,  and  presidents  of  colleges,  received  their 
academic  training  under  Mr.  Graves  in  this  school. 

It  was  in  1850  that  the  Mary  Sharpe  Female 
College  was  founded  in  Winchester,  Franklin  Co., 
Tenn.,  to  be  what  its  name  indicates,  a  college 
whose  curriculum,  with  but  few  changes,  is  that 
of  Brown  University.  It  was  intended  that  the 
graduates  of  this  college  should  be  able  to  pass  an 
examination  with  the  Seniors  of  that  university,  or 
of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  this  it  has  con- 
fessedly accomplished. 

When  this  school  was  ready  to  be  opened,  the 
name  of  Z.  C.  Graves  was  placed  before  the  trustees 
by  his  brother,  J.  R.  Graves,  through  whose  influ- 
ence and  lal)ors  mainly  the  college  had  been  founded, 
and  a  correspimdence  opened  which  resulted  in  his 
election  to  the  presidency,  which  position  he  has 
filled  with  distinguished  ability  for  over  thirty  years.»> 
The  high  character  of  this  institution  is  known 
North  and  South,  and  has  justly  won  the  title  from 
scholars  and  educators  of  ''  The  Female  University 
of  the  South."  Dr.  Graves  has  made  the  success 
of  this  university  his  life-work,  and  his  labors  have 
been  truly  herculean.  He  attributes  his  iron  con- 
stitution and  unequaled  powers  of  endurance  in 
the  class-room  to  the  combined  mental  and  physi- 
cal training  of  his  youth.  lie  has  in  forty  years 
lost  but  two  or  three  days  from  the  school-room  from 
sickness,  and  fewer  <lays  from  pleasure,  and  is  now, 
at  sixty-four,  mentally  and  physically  as  active  and 
vigorous  as  most  men  at  forty.  He  has  educated 
in  part  and  graduated  about  four  thousand  young 
ladies  at  the  Mary  Sharpe  College,  who  are  occupy- 
ing the  first  positions  in  social  life,  and  not  a  few 
of  them  are  among  the  noted  teachers  of  the  South. 
It  is  impossible  to  tell  how  much  Dr.  Graves  has 
done  for  the  higher  education  and  elevation  of 
woman  during  his  long  and  unusually  useful  career 
as  an  instructor. 

Dr.  Graves  is  a  man  of  great  modesty,  of  a  very 
penetrating  mind,  highly  cultured,  and  beloved  by 
all  bis  pupils,  and  as  widely  as  he  is  known. 

Gray,  Rev.  Davis  Dimock,  was  born  in  Wind- 
ham, Wyoming  Co.,  Pa.,  May  2,  1808.  He  was  bap- 
tized and  became  a  member  of  the  Braintrim  church, 
Wyoming  Co.,  Pa.,  on  Sept.  25,  1831.  He  was  li- 
censed by  this  church  May  24,  1834,  and  ordained  by 
the  Bridgewater  Association,  acting  as  a  council, 
Aug.  26,  1830.  In  the  exercise  of  a  long  and  use- 
ful ministry  he  has  preached  as  supply,  before  or- 


GliA  Y 


470 


GREES 


dination,  to  tlie  Jackson,  Xew  MilforJ,  and  Union 
churclies.  Since  his  ordination  he  lias  served  as 
pastor  of  the  Union,  in  Luzerne  Co.,  the  Jackson 
and  New  Milford,  in  Susquelianna  Co.,  Ilonegdalc, 
Wayne  Co.,  Penn's  Neck  (now  Princeton),  N.  J., 
and  in  November,  1849,  he  returned  to  the  phice 
of  his  nativity,  as  pastor  of  the  Braintrim  church, 
which  he  still  serves.  Durinj^  tliis  last  pastorate 
he  hiis  preached  over  3000  sermons.  While  serv- 
ing the  Jackson  churcli.  Rev.  D.  D.  Gray  had  the 
plejisure  of  baptizing  his  younger  brother,  II. 
II.  Gray,  who  also  became  a  prominent  minister 
among  the  churches  of  the  Bridgewater  and  Wyo- 
ming Associations.  His  death  occurred  in  1878. 
The  influence  of  both  these  bretliren  has  been  (inly 
for  good  ;  it  tended  to  promote  a  high  .standard  of 
holy  living.  The  life  of  the  elder  is  still  the  heri- 
tage of  the  militant  church,  the  death  of  the  younger 
is  precious  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord. 

Gray,  Edgar  Harkness,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Bridport,  Vt,,  Nov.  2>;,  1>1.').  Having  lost  his 
father  while  only  nine  years  of  age,  he  was  placed 
with  a  neighboring  fanner  until  he  was  four- 
teen. He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twelve. 
At  fourteen  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  printing 
,  business  in  Burlington,  Vt.  Subsequently  he  re- 
moved to  St.  Alban'a,  where,  after  a  serious  ill- 
ness, he  decided  to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  He 
left  his  business,  retired  to  his  native  town,  and 
attended  "a  select  school,  paying  his  expenses  by 
teaching  primary  classes  in  the  school.  In  1834  he 
entered  Waterville  College,  Me.  (Colby  University). 
After  graduating  he  studied  theology  with  the  Rev. 
R.  E.  Pattison,  D.D.,  the  president  of  the  college, 
and  the  Rev.  S.  F.  Smith,  \).\).,  then  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Waterville.  Dr.  Gray's  first  set- 
tlement in  the  ministry  was  at  Freeport,  Me.,  where 
he  was  ordained  in  1839,  being  then  twenty-five 
years  of  age.  Here  he  remained  five  years,  blessed 
in  his  labors.  In  1844  he  removed  to  Shelburne 
Falls.  Mass.  Subsequently,  in  1847,  he  was  settled 
at  Bath,  Me.,  and  then,  by  unanimous  request,  re- 
turned to  Shelburne  Falls  in  1850.  In  1863  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  E  Street  Baptist  church,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  where  his  labors  resulted  in  the 
general  prosperity  of  the  church.  In  1863,  Dr. 
Graj'  returned  again  to  his  old  field  of  labor,  Shel- 
burne Falls,  and  after  three  years'  residence  there, 
he  removed  again,  in  1873,  to  AVashington,  to  take 
charge  of  a  new  interest  known  as  the  North  Bap- 
tist church.  Here  he  remained  until  July,  1878, 
when  he  resigned  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  church 
extension  in  California.  In  1864  the  University  of 
Rochester,  X.  Y.,  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  At  the  commencement  of  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  Dr.  Gray  was  elected  chap- 
Iain  of  the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  continued  in  that 
position  four  years.     Dr.  Gray  was  one  of  the  four 


clergymen  who  officiated  at  the  funeral  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  and  among  others,  conducted  the  ser- 
vices in  connection  with  the  burial  of  the  Hon. 
Tluiddeus  Stevens,  of  Pa.,  pronouncing  also  a 
eulogy  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol  over  the  re- 
mains. 

Grebel,  Conrad.     See  article  Anabai'tists. 

Greece,  Mission  to. —  I'he  first  Baptist  mission- 
aries sent  to  Greece  were  Rev.  II.  T.  Love  and  Rev. 
C.  Pasco,  with  their  wives,  who  sailed  from  this 
country  Oct.  24,  18H6,  and  commenced  their  labors 
at  Patras,  where  a  school  was  opened  in  1837,  and 
the  Scriptures  and  religious  tracts  were  freely  dis- 
tributed among  the  people.  Some  oppositicm  was 
manifested  by  the  Holy  Synod  of  the  Greek  Church, 
but  this  only  stimulated  the  curiosity  of  the  people 
to  read  the  forbidden  books.  In  September,  1838. 
a  new  station  was  established  at  Zante,  one  of  the 
Ionian  Islands.  Mrs.  II.  E.  Dickson,  at  one  time  a 
teacher  in  the  Governmental  Female  Boarding- 
.School  in  Corfu,  arrived  in  Patras,  Feb.  15,  1840, 
and  commenced  her  labors  as  an  assistant  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Love.  The  health  of  Mr.  Pasco  having 
failed,  the  station  at  Zante  was  abandoned.  For 
the  same  reason  Mr.  Love  was  obliged  to  leave 
Patras,  and  a  new  station  was  commenced  at  Corfu 
in  April,  1840.  The  first  Greek  baptized  by  Mr. 
Love  was  Apostolos,  who  became  his  assistant. 
Rev.  R.  F.  Buel  and  wife  joined  the  mission  June 
18,  1841.  Special  hostility  was  awakened  against 
Mr.  Buel,  who  was  falsely  charged  with  having 
distributed  tracts  against  one  of  the  favorite  saints 
of  the  people.  A  mob  was  raised,  and  Mr.  Buel 
was  compelled  to  leave  Corfu.  Mr.  Love,  in  ill 
health,  returned  to  the  United  States  in  the  spring 
of  1843.  Rev.  A.  N.  Arnold  and  wife  and  Miss 
Waldo  arrived  at  Corfu,  Feb.  17,  1844.  Together 
with  Mrs.  Dickson  they  labored  for  some  time  in 
Corfu;  in  1851  they  removed  to  Athens.  Mis- 
sionary work  was  carried  on  until  their  return  to 
the  United  States  in  1855.  Mr.  Buel  soon  followed 
them,  and  the  mission  ceased  to  be  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  Missionary  Union  until  1872,  when 
Rev.  D.  Sakellarius  was  appointed  a  missionary. 
Mr.  Sakellarius  and  his  wife  have  with  fidelity 
performed  the  duties  which  they  have  assumed, 
but  the  progress  of  evangelical  religion  in  Greece 
has  been  slow. 

Green,  Rev.  A.  B.,  for  many  yeai's  a  devoted 
and  very  successful  missionary  in  the  La  Crosse 
and  St.  Croix  valleys.  Wis.,  was  born  in  War- 
ren, Vt.,  and  died  at  Whitewater,  Wis.,  Sept.  26, 
1878,  aged  fifty-two  years.  He  was  converted 
when  about  thirty  years  old  at  Lakeland,  Minn. 
He  was  ordained  May  16.  ISOO,  by  the  Baptist 
church  at  Prescott.  He  at  once  commenced  with 
great  zeal  his  work  as  a  Christian  minister.  Before 
entering  the  ministry  he  practised  l.iw,  and  held 


GOING 


457 


GOODHUE 


labor,  and  he  feels  and  his  lirethren  know  that  God 
has  greatly  blessed  his  work.  Dr.  Goforth  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  our  best  educators,  as  well  as  one 
of  thfi  alilpst  ministers  in  Tennessee. 

Going,  Eev.  Eliab.— At  Mdlenry,  111.,  Feb. 
2X,  I.SG'J,  died  one  of  that  group  of  brothers  to 
which  belonged  Jonathan  Going,  D.D.,  so  well 
known  in  connection  with  the  organization  of  home 
missions  in  this  country,  and  as  the  founder  of 
Granville  College,  now  Denison  University,  Rev. 
Ezra  Going,  of  Ohio,  Rev.  James  Going,  of  Michi- 
gan, with  Eliab  Going,  the  subject  of  the  present 
notice.  Eliab  Going  was  born  in  Reading,  Vt., 
Dec.  5,  1790.  His  active  life  was  spent  chiefly  in 
Western  New  York  as  missionary  and  pastor;  for 
two  or  three  years  he  was  a  missionary  among  the 
Seneca  Indians.  He  came  to  Illinois  in  IS.OS  or 
lS.i7,  residing  with  his  children  in  Mellon  ry  County, 
and  preaching  occasionally,  as  opportunity  served. 
Mr.  Going's  wife  died  only  two  days  before  him- 
self, and  they  were  buried  at  the  same  time  and  in 
the  same  grave.  "  Lovely  and  plea-sant  in  their 
lives,  in  their  doath  they  were  not  divided." 

Going,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  eldest  son  of  Jonathan 
and  Sarah  K.  Going,  was  born  in  Reading,  Vt., 
March  7,  1786.  In  1803  he  entered  the  academy  at 
New  Salem,  Mass.,  at  which  place  and  also  at  Mid- 
dleborough,  Mass.,  he  prepared  for  college.  In 
1S05  he  entered  Brown  University,  and  during  his 
Freshman  j'ear  was  converted  to  God  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church.  Providence, 
by  the  pastor,  Rev.  Stephen  Gano,  April  6,  ISOfi. 
During  his  college  cour.se  he  was  a  most  faithful 
and  active  Christian.  After  his  graduation,  in  1809, 
he  spent  a  season  in  studying  theology  with  Dr. 
Messer,  the  president  of  the  university. 

Returning  to  Vermont,  he  was  ordained  in  May, 
ISl  I,  piustor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cavendish. 
In  December,  1815,  he  removed  to  Worcester,  Mass., 
and  remained  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  city 
until  1832,  a  period  of  over  sixteen  years.  This 
pastorate  was  one  of  the  most  successful  and  influ- 
ential of  that  day.  Sunday-schools,  foreign  mis- 
sions, ministerial  education,  and  reform  movements 
had  in  Dr.  Going  a  pronounced  and  able  friend  and 
advocate.  During  the  later  years  of  his  ministry 
at  Worcester  he  became  profoundly  interested  in 
home  missions,  and  in  1831  obtained  leave  of  ab- 
sence from  his  church  to  visit  the  Baptist  churches 
in  the  Western  States.  May  25  of  that  year  he 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  Ohio  State  Convention 
at  Lancaster,  and  gave  great  aid  in  the  formation 
of  the  Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society  and  the 
founding  of  Granville  College. 

As  the  result  of  this  visit.  Dr.  Going  was  in 
1832  made  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  a  position  which  he  held  with  sig- 
nal ability  and  unwearied  industry  for  five  years. 
30 


Much  of  the  present  prosperity  and  usefulness  of 
the  Home  Mission  Society  is  due  to  his  wise  plans 
and  arduous  toils. 

In  the  autumn  of  1837,  Dr.  Going  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Granville  College,  0.,  and  removed 
from  Brooklyn  to  the  West.  In  this  position  he 
remained  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all  the  friends 
of  the  college  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Nov. 
9,  1844.  While  in  Ohio  his  influence  was  felt  in 
every  good  work.  He  was  profoundly  interested 
in  the  growth  of  the  denomination  throughout  the 
.State,  and  gave  much  time  and  strength  to  securing 
funds  for  the  education  of  young  men.  His  death 
was  regarded  as  the  greatest  loss  that  had  befallen 
Ohio  Baptists,  and  to  this  day  his  name  and  work 
are  held  in  grateful  remembrance. 

Goodale,  E.ev.  Hervey,  was  born  in  West  Roy- 
alston,  Mass.,  in  1822.  He  graduated  at  George- 
town College,  Ky.,  in  1848.  His  heart  was  set  upon 
being  a  foreign  missionary,  and  he  received  an 
appointment  from  the  Southern  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions,  and  was  ordained  in  1848  with  a  view  to 
going  out  as  a  missionary  to  China.  Before  his 
purpose  could  be  carried  into  execution  circum- 
stances occurred  which  led  to  a  change  in  his  plans, 
and  he  decided  to  accept  an  appointment  to  Central 
Africa.  AVith  two  others,  fellow-laborers,  he  sailed 
from  Providence,  R.  I.,  Dec.  17, 1849.  On  reaching 
the  shores  of  Africa,  he  was  seized  with  a  fever 
early  in  March,  1K.50,  and  died  on  the  13th  of  April, 
at  Sama,  about  ninety  miles  from  Monrovia.  Thus 
prematurely,  as  we  judge,  was  cut  off  a  young 
Christian  hero  in  the  bright  hope  of  doing  some 
service  for  his  Lord  on  the  coasts  of  dark  heathen 
Africa. 

Goodhue,  Rev.  Joseph  Addison,  was  born  at 
Now  Boston,  N.  II.,  about  the  year  1828.  Ho  was 
a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  in  the  class  of 
1S48,  and  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution  in 
the  class  of  18.32.  He  was  ordained  as  a  minister 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  October,  1852,  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church.  Norwich, 
Conn.,  for  two  ye.ars.  He  resigned  his  position  to 
enter  upon  the  duties  of  Professor  of  Languages  in 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution,  where  he  re- 
mained only  one  year,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to 
South  Boston,  Mass.  Here  he  remained  two  years, 
and  then  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Farmingham 
Centre,  where  he  remained  three  years.  He  went 
from  Farmingham  to  North  Cambridge.  Mass., 
from  which  in  two  years  he  removcil  to  Westbor- 
ough,  Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  three  years.  For 
a  short  time  he  was  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Shel- 
burne  Falls  and  Danversport.  Mr.  Goodhue  was  the 
author  of  a  volume  bearing  the  title  "  The  Cruci- 
ble," designed,  like  Edwards's  immortal  work  "  On 
the  Aff"ections,"  to  furnish  tests  which  would  dis- 
tinguish true  from  false  conversion.     Itcall(^  forth 


GOOD. VAX 


considerable  criticism  at  tlie  time  of  its  publica- 
tion.    He  (lied  at  Hyde  Park,  Mass.,  Dec.  1,  1873. 

Goodman,  Edward,  .senior  proprietor  of  tlie 
Standuid,  at  Cliicajto,  is  a  native  of  England, 
having  been  born  at  Clipstone,  Nortliamptonshire, 
May  10,  IS.'iO.  His  education  was  directed  with  a 
view  to  the  business  of  a  druggist,  and  he  became 
quite  early  in  life  connected  with  the  establishment 
of  Mr.  Clark,  one  of  the  principal  merchants  in 
that  line  in  Leicester.  There  he  attended  Robert 
Hair.s  church,  at  that  time  under  the  pastoral  care 
of  Rev.  J.  P.  Mursell,  Mr.  Hall's  successor.  In 
1840,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  was  baptized  by 
Mr.  Mursell,  and  united  with  the  Harvey  Lane 
cliurch.  In  June,  1852,  Mr.  Goodman  left  England 
for  the  United  States,  arriving  in  Chicago  July  11, 
of  that  year.  In  August  of  the  following  year  he 
took  an  agency  for  the  Ckristiaii  Thms,  now  the 
Standard,  visiting  the  churches  in  Illiiioia,  Wis- 
consin, and  Iowa  with  a  view  to  introduce  the 
paper.  Some  four  years  later,  Jan.  15,  1857,  he 
became  one  of  its  proprietors  in  association  with 
Rev.  Leroy  Church.  The  changes  which  have 
since  taken  place  in  the  proprietorship  of  the  paper 
are  noted  elsewhere.  It  must  suffice  to  say  here 
that  to  the  careful  and  wise  business  management 
of  Mr.  Goodman  the  Standard  is  greatly  indebted 
for  its  financial  success,  especially  in  surviving  the 
disasters  and  business  reverses  which  have  visited 
the  city  where  it  is  published,  and  to  his  excellent 
taste  for  the  neat  and  orderly  style  in  which  from 
week  to  week  it  is  made  to  appear.  Since  1863, 
Mr.  Goodman  has  served  as  treasurer  of  the  Baptist 
Theological  Union,  having  the  seminary  under  its 
care.  In  this  office  he  has  performed  a  vast  amount 
of  valuable  though  uncompensated  service,  the  ac- 
counts of  the  seminary  being  invariably  found  in  the 
best  condition,  and  much  complication  and  difficulty 
thereby  saved.  In  1854  he  became  a  ntember  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  and  eight  years  later,  in 
1862,  was  elected  a  deacon,  an  office  which  he  still 
holds. 

Goodman,  Thomas,  father  of  Edward  Goodman, 
Esq.,  of  the  Standard,  died  at  Chicago,  in  his  son's 
family,  Oct.  15,  1872,  at  the  age  of  eighty-three 
yearSjduringsixty  of  which  he  had  been  a  consistent 
Christian  and  a  useful  member  of  Christ's  church. 
He  was  born  at  Clipstone,  England,  Jan.  16,  1789. 
He  was  in  his  earlier  life  intimately  acquainted 
with  Andrew  Fuller,  Robert  Hall,  and  William 
Carey.  During  twenty-five  years  he  served  as 
deacon  of  the  church  in  Clipstone,  and  to  the  end 
of  his  life  delighted  in  nothing  so  much  as  in  wliat 
concerned  the  progress  of  Christ's  cause. 

Goodspeed,  Edgar  Johnson,  D.D,,  was  born  at 
Johnsburg,  Warren  Co.,  Jf.  Y.,  in  1833.  He  was 
the  son  of  parents  who,  during  a  long  life,  have 
been  examples  of  intelligent  and  earnest  piety,  and 


458 


GOODSPEED 


of  fidelity  to  Baptist  truth.  The  sou  of  whom  we 
now  speak,  one  of  four,  all  of  whom  are  tilling 
positions  of  usefulness,  was  converted  early  in  life, 
and  very  soon  after  was  led  to  consider  the  subject 
of  personal  duty  with  reference  to  the  Christian 
ministry.  He  was  encouraged  to  the  necessary 
self-surrender  by  bis  mother.  Entering  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester  at  the  opening  of  that  institu- 
tion, in  1849,  he  graduated  in  1853,  winning  during 
his  course  the  character  of  one  of  the  best  scholars 
and  most  promising  intellects  then  in  the  univer- 
sity. Entering  the  theological  seminary  at  Roches- 
ter immediately,  he  graduated  in  1856. 

Dr.  Goodspeed's  first  pastorate  was  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y., — a  successful  one  of  two  years. 
He  was  then  called  to  Janesville,  AVis.,  to  the  pas- 
torate which  Dr.  Galusha  Anderson  had  just  left. 
There  he  remained  seven  years, — seven  faithful 
years.  In  1805  he  was  called  to  the  Second  Baptist 
church,  Chicago.  There  he  began  a  pastorate  of 
eleven  years'  duration,  which  may  justly  be  called 
a  remarkable  one.  While  gifted  with  unusual  pul- 
pit attractiveness,  Mr.  Goodspeed  showed  himself 
peculiarly  suited  to  pastoral  work  in  a  large  city. 
He  was  also  fortunate  in  the  supporters  and  co- 
workers whom  he  found  in  his  church.  The  num- 
ber had  grown  to  some  1200  at  the  conclusion  of 
his  pastorate,  while  in  every  department  of  Chris- 
tian enterprise  the  church  had  made  its  mark  in  an 
unusual  degree.  Dr.  Goodspeed's  health  failing,  he 
resigned  his  charge  in  1876,  and  after  one  year  of 
rest  accepted,  in  1877,  the  pastorate  of  the  Central 
church,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  There  he  remained  until 
1879,  when  he  was  tendered  by  the  Home  Mission 
Society  the  position  of  president  of  Benedict  Insti- 
tute, at  Columbia,  S.  C.  This  place  he  still  holds, 
his  fine  culture,  teaching  aliility,  and  genial  spirit 
eminently  adapting  him  for  it. 

Dr.  Goodspeed  has  written  "  The  Life  of  Jesus 
for  Young  People,"  and  various  other  works,  the 
sale  of  which  has  been  very  large.  The  University 
of  Rochester  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Goodspeed,    Eev.   Thomas    'Wakefield,    a 

younger  brother  of  Dr.  Goodspeed,  was  born  at 
Glenn's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in  1843.  His  early  conversion, 
like  that  of  his  brother,  illustrated  the  certainty 
with  which  pious  parents  may  look  for  the  prompt 
fruitage  of  the  seed  of  Christian  family  influence 
and  training.  Deciding  to  prepare  fur  the  min- 
istry, he  studied  first  at  the  University  of  Chicago, 
graduating,  however,  at  Rochester  in  1863,  and  at 
the  seminary  there  in  1800.  His  first  ministerial 
service  was  with  the  North  Baptist  church,  Chicago, 
to  which  he  was  called  while  still  a  seminary  stu- 
dent at  Rochester.  In  1S66,  however,  he  accepted 
the  call  of  the  A'^ermont  Street  Baptist  church, 
Quincy,  111.,  an  .admirable  church,  between  whom 


GREEN 


471 


GREENE 


the  office  of  sheriff  iiiiJ  jud^i-  in  the  cijunty  where 
he  resiJed.  After  servinj;  several  churclies  as  pas- 
tor he  entered,  in  1870,  upon  the  great  work  of  his 
life,  that  of  pioneer  missionary  in  the  St.  Croix  and 
La  Crosse  valleys.  It  would  be  impossible  to  re- 
late in  the  brief  space  allotted  for  the  purpose  his 
almost  superhuman  labors  and  ;^rand  triumphs  on 
thisfielil.  He  planted  churches  and  built  meeting- 
houses at  almost  every  important  point.  His  mis- 
sionary tours  extended  over  hundreds  of  miles, 
often  throuj^h  dense  forests  and  wide  unsettled 
districts,  frequently  made  on  foot,  ami  requiring  a 
physical  fortitude  and  patient  self-sacrifice  almost 
unparalleled.  He  died  in  the  full  triumph  of  faith, 
having  literally  given  his  life  to  the  work  of  mis- 
sions. 

Green,  Rev.  David,  was  bom  in  Virginia.  He 
was  converted  in  youth,  and  gave  himself  soon 
after  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  his  early 
days  he  was  very  successful  in  the  Carolinas.  He 
removed  to  Kentucky.  In  1805  he  visited  .Missouri, 
and  in  1806  settled  in  it,  and  in  the  month  of  June 
of  that  year  he  organized  Bethel  church,  the  first 
in  Missouri.  He  served  this  church  as  pastor  till 
1809,  when  he  ceased  from  his  labors,  and  entered 
upon  his  eternal  reward. 

Green,  Rev.  Moses,  pastor  at  Beebe.  Ark.,  wa,s 
born  in  Xortli  Carolina  in  1818,  and  reared  in  West 
Tennessee,  began  to  preach  in  1844,  was  ordained 
in  1850;  graduated  at  Union  University,  Tenn., 
and  shortly  afterwards  became  pastor  at  Souum-- 
ville,  Tenn.,  where  he  remained  three  years  ;  was 
Professor  of  Greek  in  .Madison  College  ;  removed  to 
Arkansas  in  1860,  and  settled  at  Austin,  where  he 
aided  in  the  organization  of  a  church  ;  Mr.  Green 
has  filled  a  number  of  important  positions  in  the 
State,  and  traveled  much  as  an  evangelist.  He  has 
been  a  constant  contributor  to  the  religious  press, 
and  has  gained  nuioh  reputation  as  a  writer. 

Green,  Rev.  William  R.,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1823,  in  Tenn.,  and  died  Jan.  2.5,  1879,  in  Knob- 
noster,  Mo.  He  was  ordained  at  Murfreesborough, 
Tenn.,  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Eaton,  LL.D.  He  graduated  in 
1854.  He  was  pastor  at  Clarksville  and  Xashville, 
Tenn.  About  twenty  years  of  his  life  were  .spent 
in  Missouri.  Rev.  \.  T.  xVUison,  who  knew  him 
well,  says  he  was  sound  in  doctrine  and  pure  in  con- 
duct. He  fell  from  a  railroad  bridge,  an  accident 
which  caused  him  years  of  suffering,  yet  he  patiently 
performed  his  work  down  to  the  end  of  life. 

Greene,  Rev.  G.  W.,  was  born  in  Watauga  Co., 
N.  C,  Juno  27,  1S.")2;  baptized  in  1865;  gnuiuated 
at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1870 ;  graduated  at 
Theological  .Seminary  at  Granville,  S.  C,  in  1875, 
and  is  now  master  of  the  Moravian  Falls  Academy 
and  pastor  of  several  churches. 

Greene,  Rev.  Jonathan  R.,  was  bom  in  Chester, 
Vt.,  in  1801.    lie  united  with  the  church  in  Caven- 


dish, Vt.,  in  18.31.  His  business  prospects  were 
very  flattering.  He  had  a  pleasant  home  in  Caven- 
dish, and  the  future  of  his  life  looked  most  hopeful. 
The  call  of  God  came  to  him  in  the  midst  of  this 
worldly  prosperity,  to  leave  all  and  devote  himself 
to  the  work  of  preaching  the  gospel.  After  some 
struggles,  the  call  was  obeyed.  He  removed  to 
]  Newport,  X.  11.,  where  he  put  himself  under  the 
tuition  of  Rev.  Ira  Pear.son.  His  ordination  oc- 
curred at  Ackworth,  N.  H.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
churches  in  Bradford,  Ackworth,  Unity,  and  Han- 
over, X'.  II.,  and  Ilardwich,  Derby,  and  Passumpsie, 
Vt.  He  believed  in  revivals,  and  aimed  to  secure 
them  in  the  churches  of  which  he  was  the  pastor. 
He  died  at  Factory  Point,  Manchester,  Vt.,  Sept. 
19,  1S.52. 

Greene,  Judge  Roger  Sherman,  chief  justice 
of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  Seattle,  Washington 


JUDGE    ROGER    SUERMAN'   GREENE. 

Territory,  son  of  Rev.  David  Greene,  a  Congre- 
gational minister,  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Mass., 
Dec.  14,  1840.  His  father  was  one  of  the  corre- 
sponding secretaries  of  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  His  mother 
was  granddaughter  of  Roger  Sherman,  of  Con- 
necticut. In  1848  his  father  retired  to  a  farm  in 
Westborough,  Ma.ss.,  where  the  mother  died  in 
1850.  In  1851  their  home  was  burned,  and  the 
family  settled  at  Windsor,  Vt.  Young  Roger 
studied  in  the  common  schools  of  Roxbury,  West- 
borough,  and  Windsor,  and  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College  in  1859.  lie  engaged  in  teaching  at 
Windsor,  and  Falmouth,  Mass.,  and  New  London, 


GREENE 


472 


GREENE 


Conn.,  studying  law  until  he  was  eighteen.  IIi' 
settled  in  New  York  (,'itj' ;  was  clerk  and  student 
in  the  law-office  of  Kvarts,  Southmayd  &  Choate 
until  September,  1862;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  May, 
1802.  In  October,  1862,  he  entered  the  army  as 
second  lieutenant,  Co.  I,  3d  Missouri  Inf.  Pro- 
moted to  first  lieutenant;  and  in  August,  1863,  be- 
came captain  of  Co.  C,  olst  L'.  S.  Colored  Inf., 
holding  the  position  until  dischai-ged,  in  November, 

1865,  for  sickness  contracted  in  line  of  duty.  He 
took  part  in  the  battles  of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Ar- 
kansas Post,  Vicksburg.  Fort  Blakely,  and  other 
minor  conflicts;  was  with  his  regiment  in  every 
Southern  and  border  State,  except  Texas.  At 
Vicksburg  he  was  wounded  in  the  right  arm,  M,ay 
22,  1863;  was  judge-advocate  of  the  district  of 
Vicksburg  in  1864-65  ;  held  the  same  position  in 
the  Military  Division  of  Western  Loui.«i.ana.  After 
the  war  settled,  in  1866,  at  Chicago,  practising  law 
until  1870,  when  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Grant  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
Washington  Territory,  and  settled  at  Olympia.  In 
1878  he  w:is  promoted  to  the  office  of  chief  justice 
by  President  Hayes,  and  moved  to  Seattle.  In  1866 
was  married  to  Miss  Grace  E.  Wooster.  of  Connec- 
ticut, a  devoted  Christian.  In  early  life  he  had 
deep  religious  impressions,  which  recurred  at  dif- 
ferent periods  until  his  conversion,  in  1868.  From 
1863  to  1868  he  was  exercised  on  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism. His  family  were  Pedobaptist,  his  wife  a  Bap- 
tist, both  wished  to  be  in  unison,  and  believed  they 
could  be,  but  only  in  the  truth.  He  saw  that  it  was 
his  duty  and  privilege  to  be  immersed,  and  in  1871 
he  was  baptized,  and  joined  the  newly  formed  Bap- 
tist church  at  Olympia.  It  was  an  occasion  of  great 
joy,  enlarged  Christian  experience,  and  peace  in 
the  Lord.  He  was  soon  chosen  deacon,  and  in 
1874  w.as  ordained  pastor,  serving  one  year,  until 
ill  health  and  overwork  compelled  him  to  resign. 
He  had  been  clerk  and  moderator  of  the  Puget 
Sound  and  British  Columbia  Baptist  Association, 
and  is  now  its  treasurer.  His  membership  is  with 
the  Olympia  church.  He  is  an  upright  judge,  an 
earnest  Christian,  a  Baptist  from  deep  conviction, 
a  brother  whose  praise  is  in  all  the  churches. 

Greene,  Rev.  Samuel  H.,  was  born  in  Enos- 
bur-.  Franklin  Co..  Vt.,  Dec.  25,  1845.  In  1847 
his  family  removed  to  Montgomery  Centre,  Vt., 
and  he  continued  to  reside  there  until  1868.  He 
pursued  with  great  diligence  his  academic  studies 
at  the  seminaries  in  Fairfax  and  Brandon,  Vt.,  and 
also  in  Norwich  University.  Mr.  Greene  for  some 
time  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  in  1867 
was  electeil  superintendent  of  public  schools,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  with  marked  efficiency 
and  success.     He  united  with  a  Baptist  church  in 

1866,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1868.  He 
pursued  his  collegiate  and  theological  studies  at 


Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  gra<luating  from  college 
in  1S73,  and  from  the  theological  seminary  in  1875. 
In  the  year  of  his  graduation  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cazenovia,  N.  Y., 
where  he  labored  with  great  success  until  Decem- 
ber, 1879,  at  which  time  he  resigned  to  accept  the 
pastorate  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  Mr.  Greene  is  an  earnest,  polished,  and 
interesting  speaker,  winning  and  holding  the  atten- 
tion of  an  audience  from  the  opening  of  his  dis- 
course ;  he  is  a  pastor  in  whose  visits  old  and 
young  delight:  and  whose  genial  manners  and 
gentle  bearing  make  him  a  general  favorite.  Cal- 
vary church  is  growing  both  in  numbers  and 
strength  under  his  fnitbful  ministrations. 

Greene,  Samuel  Stillman,  LL.D.,  was  born  at 
Belchertown,  Mass.,  May  3,  1810,  and  graduated 


S.VMUEL   STILLM.Ijr   GREENK,  Ll.D. 

at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1837.  Prof. 
Greene  has  devoted  his  entire  professional  life  to 
the  cause  of  education  in  one  form  or  another,  and 
occupies  a  distinguished  place  among  the  educators 
of  our  country.  He  has  t.aught  in  the  grammar 
and  English  high  schools  of  Boston,  and  has  been 
superintendent  of  schools  in  the  cities  of  Spring- 
field and  Providence.  He  was  Professor  of  Didac- 
tics in  Brown  University  from  1851  to  1855,  when 
he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Civil  Engineering,  and  in  1864  Professor  of  Me- 
chanics and  Astronomy,  which  chair  he  now  holds. 
Prof.  Greene  has  occupied  for  many  years  a  prom- 
inent place  in  several  educational  organizations, 
and  by  his  pen  has  contributed  largely  to  the  cause 


GREENE 


473 


GREGORY 


of  education.  lie  has  also  prepared  several  text- 
books, his  "  Analysis"  and  Grammars  having  had 
a  wide  circulation  all  over  the  country.  Brovpn 
University  and  the  Worcester  Academy  are  greatly 
indebted  to  him  for  the  successful  efforts  he  has 
made  in  many  ways  to  add  to  their  efficiency  as 
institutions  of  learning. 

Greene,  Rev.  Thomas  Waterman,  was  horn 
at  Stamford,  Conn.,  Feb.  10,  1837.  lie  was  a 
grandson  of  the  revolutionary  general,  Nathaniel 
Greene.  His  father  was  a  Congregational  deacon, 
his  mother  a  preceptress  in  the  family  of  Rev.  Dr. 
AVayhind.  In  IS-'cS  his  parents  settled  at  Meta- 
mora,  HI.  Here  he  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  and  was  baptized  in  March,  1852.  He 
graduated  from  Shurtlcff  College  in  1S60,  and  from 
Rochester  Theological   Seminary   in    1863.     April 

21,  18154,  he  was  ordained  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Winchester,  111.  He  baptized  sixty  con- 
verts during  his  three  and  a  half  years'  pastorate 
at  Winchester.  Failing  health  compelled  him  to 
seek  a  more  favorable  climate.  In  1867  he  preached 
for  a  short  tiuie  at  Litclifield,  111.  In  1868  he  set- 
tled at  Lawrence,  Kansas,  where  he  remained  until 
1872,  when  he  became  pastor  at  Junction  City  ; 
and  in  1874  settled  with  the  Fort  Scott  church.  In 
1875  he  left  Denver  for  California,  and  was  invited 
to  become  president  pro  tern,  of  California  College, 
and  in  May,  1876,  he  was  elected  its  permanent 
president.  In  May,  1877,  consumption  had  so  fully 
got  the  mastery  that  he  resigned  his  college  work, 
and  sought  relief  in  the  higher  regions  of  the 
State  at  Camptonville,  Cal.,  where  he   died  Aug. 

22,  1877.  He  was  eminently  spiritual,  eloquent, 
conscientious,  and  consecrated  to  the  work  of  the 
Lord. 

Greg'g,  William  Henry,  was  born  Dec.  31. 1832, 
in  Wiliiiington,  Del. ;  was  converted  when  seven- 
teen years  old,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Morgan  .J. 
Rhees,  then  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church. 
For  a  while  he  neglected  the  prayer-meetings,  but 
returned  resolving  to  fill  his  place  always.  His 
first  contribution  to  foreign  missions,  which  was 
one  dollar,  and  nearly  all  he  had,  was  made  upon 
the  presentation  of  the  cause  by  Dr.  Osgood.  This 
gift  did  the  donor  more  good  than  anything  he 
ever  bestowed  afterwards.  He  has  since  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union. 

He  attributes  his  conversion  to  a  faithful  mother, 
who  died  when  he  was  but  thirteen  years  old.  She 
was  accustomed  to  take  him  to  her  room  and  pr.iy 
with  him.  He  was  honored  while  a  member  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  with  all  the  offices  within 
the  gift  of  the  church  except  that  of  deacon  ;  re- 
mained until  June,  1865,  when,  with  the  best  of 
feeling,  he,  together  with  others,  withdrew  to  form 
the  Delaware  Avenue  church.  While  connected 
31 


with  the  latter  church  he  was  superintendent  of 
the  Sunday-school  and  of  the  mission  school  at 
McDowellville ;  was  deacon  and  treasurer  of  the 
church,  and  chairman  of  its  building  committee 
until  the  church  edifice  was  erected  and  the  base- 
ment occupied.  Shortly  after  this,  feeling  that  his 
day  of  usefulness  with  that  church  was  over,  he 
left  it.  During  his  short  connection  with  the 
Delaware  Avenue  church  he  contributed  to  its 
treasury  for  building  and  other  church  purposes 
about  ?4000.  Mr.  Gregg  was  next  instrumental 
in  organizing  a  Sunday-school  in  a  fire-engine 
house.  It  was  soon  removed  to  the  building  of  the 
old  First  church,  with  which  he  and  some  others 
united,  and  new  life  was  infused  into  the  old  body. 
Eventually  the  fresh  element,  under  the  leadership 
of  the  pastor.  Rev.  Thos.  M.  Eastwood,  withdrew, 
removing  to  a  more  promising  field  of  labor.  Uni- 
ting with  the  members  of  the  disbanded  Elm  Street 
church,  they  together  formed  a  strong  church,  and 
now  occupy  the  Elm  Street  chapel.  Prior  to  this 
Mr.  Gregg  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  Wil- 
mington Baptist  City  Mission,  and  was  the  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  mission  schools  which 
selected  and  purchased  the  fine  lot  on  Elm  Street, 
and  erected  a  chapel  thereon.  A  Sunday-school, 
and  then  a  church,  were  organized  in  the  chapel, 
which  gave  place,  in  1878,  to  the  united  churches 
under  the  name  of  the  Bethany  Baptist  church,  to 
which  the  property  was  transferred  by  the  city 
mission.  In  this  new  interest  Mr.  Gregg  takes  a 
prominent  part,  both  in  the  Sunday-school  and 
church,  besides  contributing  liberally  for  the  ex- 
tension of  Christ's  kingdom  in  our  own  country 
and  in  other  lands. 

Gregory,  John  M.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  at  Sand 
Lake,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  0,  1822,  the  son 
of  lion.  .Joseph  Gregory  of  that  place.  His  prepa- 
ration for  college,  apart  from  such  advantages  as 
the  schools  of  his  native  town  afforded,  was  received 
at  the  Dutchess  County  Academy,  in  Poughkeepsie. 
Entering  the  Freshman  Class  in  Union  College  at 
the  age  of  twenty,  he  graduated  there  in  1846.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  law  study,  but  convictions  of 
duty  drew  him  into  the  ministry.  After  a  brief  pas- 
torate in  the  East,  removing  to  the  West,  he  became 
principal  of  a  classical  school  in  Detroit,  Mich.  His 
marked  success  as  an  instructor  soon  fixed  attention 
upon  him  as  an  educator.  He  was  chosen  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction  for  the  State  of 
Michigan.  In  the  mean  time,  however,  in  associa- 
tion with  President  E.  0.  Haven,  of  the  university  at 
Ann  Arbor,  and  Prof.  Welch,  of  the  Normal  School, 
he  had  established  the  Michigan  Journal  of  Edu- 
cation, having  himself  the  entire  editorial  charge. 
In  his  capacity  as  State  superintendent  of  instruc- 
tion, he  soon  came  to  be  recognized  as  one  of  the 
foremost  educators  in  the  country.    His  annual  re- 


GREGORY 


474 


GREGORY 


ports  were  clniraeterizeJ  by  reiuiirknble  breadth  of 
view,  and  by  their  philosophical  treatment  of  edu- 
cational questions.  lie  served  three  terms,  six  years 
in  all,  in  this  office,  and  in  1.HG4,  declining  a  re- 
election, accepted  the  presidmcy  of  the  Kalamazoo 
Collefre.  Three  years  later,  in  ISO",  he  was  called 
to  the  presidency  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  Univer- 
sity at  Champaign,  then  just  founded.  This  im- 
portant post  he  held  until  the  present  year,  1880, 
when  he  resigned  it,  with  a  view  to  devote  himself 
to  the  carrying  out  of  some  literary  plans,  imprac- 
ticable so  long  as  the  cares  and  labors  of  such  an 
office  were  pressing  upon  him. 

While  in  previous  spheres  Dr.  Gregory's  power 
as  an  organizer  and  instructor  was  conspicuous,  it 
was  especially  so  in  the  position  held  at  Cham- 
paign. The  work  of  the  university  was  adjusted 
upon  a  scale  of  comprehensiveness  and  efficiency 
unusual  even  in  State  institutions,  while  his  per- 
sonal power  as  the  advocate  of  large  views  in  edu- 
cation was  felt  throughout  the  West.  Dr.  Gregory, 
while  as  a  speaker  always  commanding  marked  at- 
tention by  the  vigor  and  directness  of  his  thought 
and  his  lucid  diction,  isalso  an  excellent  writer,  and 
has  already  published  quite  extensively,  mostly  ad- 
dresses and  essays  upon  education,  including,  also, 
a  valuable  "  Iland-Book  of  History.''  No  man  is 
more  welcome  in  Baptist  pulpits  than  Dr.  Gregory, 
and  though  his  service  in  the  pastorate  was  not 
an  extended  one,  he  has,  while  so  active  in  other 
spheres,  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  extended  useful- 
ness as  a  Cliristi:iii  minister. 

Gregory,  Rev.  0.  F.,  is  one  of  South  Carolina's 
most  energetic  and  useful  ministers.  He  is  a  native 
of  Charleston,  S.  C,  born  March  7,  1844,  and  bap- 
tized in  18.58.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  city, 
and  ofdained  at  tlie  call  of  the  old  First  church,  by 
Kevs.  E.  T.  AVinkler.  D.I)..  L.  II.  Shuck,  D.U.,  and 
T.  R.  Gaines,  in  1871. 

His  first  pastorate  was  at  Mount  Pleasant,  near 
Charleston.  lie  was  called  to  Eufaula,  Ala.,  in 
1875,  and  thence  to  Tuscaloosa,  in  1879.  But  in 
1880  Clieraw  and  Florence  called  him  back  to  his 
native  .State,  where  it  is  earnestly  hoped  he  niay 
spend  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  is  truly  a  great  and 
successful  worker,  and,  what  is  even  more  impor- 
tant, knows  how  to  set  his  people  to  work. 

He  has  missed  preaching  but  four  SabVjaths 
since  he  was  licensed,  except  when  attending  Con- 
ventions and  Associations.  He  has  baptized  over 
500  ill  ten  years ;  and  fourteen  Baptist  ministers 
have  arisen  from  his  churches. 

lie  was  clerk  of  the  Charleston  Association  eight 
years,  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  six,  and  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  two,  which  office 
he  now  fills. 

Gregory,  Rev.  Silas  B.,  was  the  youngest  of  a 
family  of  ten  children,  whose  father  was  for  sixty 


years  a  Baptist  deacon,  and  three  of  the  sons  entered 
the  ministry.  Silas  B.  was  born  at  Sand  Lake, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  28,  1827.  His  mother  died  when  he  was 
eight  days  old.  Very  early  in  life  he  was  converted 
and  baptized,  and  gave  himself  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry;  for  which  he  received  a  thorough  classical 
and  theological  education,  graduating  at  Madison 
University.  After  a  successful  pastorate  of  nine 
years  at  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  he  spent  one  year  at 
Portsmouth,  Va.,  and  was  pastor  three  years  at 
Niles,  Mich.  He  was  then  called  to  the  chair  of 
Theological  Instructor  at  Wayland  University. 
Washington,  which  he  filled  with  marked  ability. 
He  resigned  this  position  for  the  pastorate  at 
Whitesborough,  N.  Y.,  where  in  two  years  he  bap- 
tized sixty  converts.  He  was  a  hard  worker,  and 
needing  rest  made  the  tour  of  Europe.  On  his  re- 
turn he  w.os  appointed  by  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  president  of  Leland  Uni- 
versity, New  Orleans,  and  proved  himself  emi- 
nently fitted  for  the  position.  He  retired  at  the 
end  of  two  years  for  the  purpose  of  representing 
the  society's  missionary  work,  as  secretary  for  New 
York  State  one  year,  which  was  followed  by  a  year's 
pastorate  at  Lansingburgli,  X.  Y..  where  the  wife 
of  his  youth  (Miss  Martha  Huntington)  died.  He 
went  to  California,  and  after  four  years'  arduous 
and  successful  toil  as  pastor  of  the  Calvary  church. 
Sacramento,  he  died  May  7,  1880.  He  literally 
wore  himself  out  in  Christ's  service. 


URIAH    CREGORV,  t>h>. 

Gregory,  Uriah,  D.D.,  bom  at  Sand  Lake, 
N.   Y.,  Oct.  4,  1823,  was  converted  and  baptized 


GRENELL 


Alb 


GRIFFISG 


when  ten  yesirs  old.  In  early  life  he  completed  the 
classical  course  at  the  Armenia  Seminary,  \.  Y., 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  continued  his  studies,  and 
taught  school  several  years.  He  founded  the  De- 
troit College  and  Commercial  Institute,  and  con- 
ducted it  several  years.  During  this  period  he 
studied  law,  and  wa-s  admitted  to  the  bar.  Until 
ISTO  he  continued  teaching  in  Michigan,  Ohio,  and 
Indiana  ;  but  early  convictions  of  duty  to  preach 
forced  him  to  give  his  life  to  that  work.  lie  was 
ordained  at  Rives,  Mich.,  preached  there  for  a  time, 
became  pastor  at  Leslie,  and  baptized  nearly  fifty 
during  his  first  year  in  the  ministry.  He  then 
studied  theology  two  years,  graduated  at  Rochester, 
supplied  the  Pittsford  church  a  year,  and  was 
pastor  at  West  Henrietta  two  years,  both  churches 
having  revivals  under  his  labors.  For  the  benefit 
of  his  wife's  health  he  went  to  California  in  187o, 
where  she  soon  after  died,  greatly  beloved  by  all. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  San  Francisco, 
two  years,  during  which  time  nearly  one  hundred 
were  added  to  it.  For  a  short  time  he  wa.s  con- 
nected with  the  Evangel,  the  Baptist  paper  of  Cali- 
fornia :  was  pastor  at  Santa  Rica  one  year,  when 
he  resigned  to  engage  in  Sunday-school  work,  and 
was  soon  after  called  to  the  presidency  of  Cali- 
fornia College,  over  whose  interests,  in  connection 
with  his  wife,  a  superior  teacher,  he  is  presiding 
with  increasing  favor.  In  1876  he  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  Baptist  college 
in  Arkansas. 

Grenell,  Rev.  Levi  0.,  was  born  at  Mount 
Salcni,  X.  J.,  -Jan.  I,  iS21,  and  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Z. 
Grenell.  He  pursued  a- full  course  at  Madison 
University,  and  graduated  from  the  theological  de- 
partment in  184y.  He  was  ordained  at  Klbridge, 
X.  Y.,  and  went  as  a  missinnary  to  San  Jos^,  Cal., 
in  18yO.  After  spending  several  years  in  the  work 
on  the  Pacific  co;ist,  he  returned  East,  and  minis- 
tered successfully  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 
In  1865  he  settled  in  New  Market,  N.  J.,  and  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Princeton  church  for  the  last 
seven  years.  The  University  of  Rochester  con- 
ferred on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  18.5.T. 

Grenell,  Rev.  Zelotes,  was  born  in  Kortright, 
N.  Y.,  April  4,  1796;  was  converted  and  baptized 
when  fourteen;  was  ordained  August,  1819,  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Wantage  church,  N.  J.  He 
has  been  pastor  of  several  churches  in  X'ew  York 
State  and  city,  and  in  New  Jersey.  He  has 
preached  over  12,000  sermons,  and  delivered  many 
temperance  addresses.  For  several  years  he  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Third  church,  Paterson,  N.  J., 
where  his  preaching  commands  attention.  He  is 
the  oldest  Baptist  pastor  in  the  State  in  actual  ser- 
vice. On  his  eighty-fourth  birthday  he  was  visited 
by  a  number  of  his  friends,  ami  was  congratu- 
lated on  his  vigor.     Father  Grenell  has  two  sons  in 


the  ministry.  He  has  been  celebrated  for  the  readi- 
ness with  which  any  text  or  subject  suggested  to 
him  falls  into  analytical  order,  so  that  he  can 
preach  from  it  in  a  few  minutes.  His  brethren  love 
to  test  him  on  this  point,  and  rarely  fail  to  elicit  a 
prompt,  oriirlnal.  full  sketch. 

Gressett,  Rev.  A.,  editor  of  the  Southern  Bajh- 
tisl,  Meridian,  Miss.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in 
1829 ;  began  to  preach  in  1858.  His  ministerial 
labors  have  been  chiefly  confined  to  country 
churches  located  in  the  counties  of  Lauderdale, 
Newton,  and  Kemper,  Miss.  He  began  the  publi- 
cation of  the  Soulhcni  Dojitisf  in  187-3. 

Griffin,  G.  W.,  D.D.— This  talented  and  culti- 
vated brother  was  born  in  Southampton  Co.,  Va., 
May  9,  1827.  From  early  boyhood  he  had  deep 
religious  convictions,  but  did  not  make  a  profession 
of  religion  until  184:i,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Putnam  Owen  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Black 
Creek  Baptist  church  in  1844.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  by  the  Mill 
Swamp  church.  Elders  G.  W.  Owens  and  J.  K. 
Dougherty  acting  as  the  Presbytery.  He  imme- 
diately entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  said  churrli, 
which  he  served  half  his  time  for  five  years.  He 
became  the  pastor  of  the  church  in  Columbia, 
Tenn.,  in  1857,  where  he  remained  one  year,  since 
which  time  he  hiis  served  churches  at  important 
places  and  towns  with  great  acceptance.  He  is  now 
one  of  the  professors  in  the  Southwestern  Baptist 
University  at  Jackson.  Dr.  Griffin  is  regarded  in 
literary  circles  as  one  of  our  best-educated  men, — • 
excels  as  a  polemic,  and  is  an  able  minister  of  the 
gospel,  with  the  highest  order  of  attainments. 

Griffin,  Rev.  J.  F.,  pastor  at  Selma.  Ark.,  was 
born  ill  Missouri  in  1841.  He  began  to  preach  in 
1868.  Since  then  he  has  labored  in  Arkansas,  in 
the  counties  of  Drew,  Chicot,  Ashley.  Bradley,  Dor- 
sey,  Desha,  and  Lincoln,  and  has  baptizeil  over  450 
persons,  and  succeeded  in  erecting  a  beautiful  house 
of  worship  at  Selma. 

Griffin,  Rev.  Richard,  was  bom  in  Clinton, 
Conn.  His  fii>t  pastorate  was  at  Granville,  Mass. 
In  18.36  he  was  sent  by  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  as  a  missionary  to  Wisconsin.  The 
Territory  was  then  a  wilderness,  and  Jlilwankee  a 
small  village.  lie  formed  the  first  Baptist  church 
in  the  State.  He  devoted  the  best  part  of  his  life 
to  organizing  churches  and  preaching  the  gospel  in 
the  early  history  of  the  State.  Ilis  last  years  were 
marked  by  great  suffering.  He  died  at  a  ripe  old 
age  in  the  peace  and  triumph  of  that  gospel  which 
he  had  so  long  preached. 

Griffing,  William,  a  prominent  Baptist  layman 
in  Soiith\v.>tirii  Mississippi  in  the  early  jiart  of  the 
present  century.  He  was  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Sam- 
uel Swayze,  the  founder  of  the  first  Protestant 
church  in  the  Natchez  country.     He  was  born  in 


GRIFFITH 


476 


GRIFFITH 


the  Territory  after  its  settlement.  He  at  first  united 
with  the  Methodists,  but  upun  investigation  his 
views  underwent  a  cliange  and  he  became  a  Bap- 
tist, lie  took  an  active  part  in  all  the  movements 
of  the  Baptists.  Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he 
was  involved  in  the  troubles  growing  out  of  the 
discussion  of  anti-Masonry  and  Canipbellism,  and 
for  a  time  withdi-ew  from  the  church,  but  he  was 
afterwards  restored,  and  to  the  close  of  his  long 
and  u.seful  life  abounded  in  every  good  word  and 
Work. 

Griffith,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Wales, 
Oct.  16,  lt)88,  and  emigrated  to  America  in  1710. 
He  was  baptized  May  1-,  1711.  lie  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Montgomery  church,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa., 
Oct.  23,  172j,  and  remained  witli  this  community 
till  his  death,  which  took  place  Oct.  5,  1768. 

Mr.  Griffith  was  an  able  minister,  with  a  respect- 
able education.  He  read  extensively  the  works  of 
the  great  Puritan  divines,  and  he  made  consider- 
able use  of  his  own  pen.  He  wrote  a  work  in 
"Vindication  of  the  Resurrection  of  the  Same 
Body,"'  an  answer  to  "  Simon  Butlers  Creed," 
and  a  refutation  of  a  pamphlet  called  "  The  Divine 
Right  of  Infant  Baptism."  lie  also  wrote  "  A  Trea- 
tise of  Church  Discipline,"  which  was  published 
with  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith,  and 
which  has  been  regarded  as  a  work  of  very  great 
ijierit.  Mr.  Griffith  was  among  the  foremost  Bap- 
tist ministers  in  his  day. 

Griffith,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Juniata 
Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  13,  1821  ;  was  converted  in  Balti- 
more, Md.,  and  was  baptized  in  November,  1839, 
by  Rev.  Stephen  P.  Hill,  of  Baltimore;  graduated 
from  Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  in  1846  ;  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the  univer- 
sity at  Lewisburg,  Pa. ;  was  ordained  in  1846, 
and  settled  as  missionary  in  Cumberland,  Md. 
Here  he  organized  a  church,  built  a  meeting-house, 
and  enjoyed  a  successful  pastorate  of  four  years. 
In  April,  1850,  he  settled  with  the  New  Market 
Street  church  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  During  this  pastorate  the  name  of  the 
New  Market  Street  church  was  changed  to  that 
of  Fourth  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
large  and  attractive  meeting-liouse  was  erected  at 
the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Buttonwood  Streets.  Here 
also  his  labors  were  abundantly  blessed,  and  many 
were  added  to  the  church.  On  Oct.  17,  1854,  he 
w^as  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Crozer,  daughter  of 
the  late  John  P.  Crozer,  Esq. 

In  May,  1858,  he  became  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  To 
the  work  of  this  grand  denominational  enterprise 
he  has  given  the  best  years  and  energies  of  his  life, 
and  his  rare  adaptation  and  varied  talents  still  make 
him  a  tower  of  strength  to  the  society.  The  vast 
and  enlarging  successes  achieved  by  it  arc  largely 


due  to  his  wonderful  administrative  abilities.  The 
entire  management  bears  the  impress  of  his  intense 
concentration  of  purpose  and  effort.  The  erection 
of  the  magnificent  and  unencumbered  building  now 


BE.NJAMIM    GRIFFITH,   U.D. 

occupied  by  the  society  at  1420  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  was  the  result  of  his  wise  counsel, 
unceasing  toil,  and  great  influence. 

Much  of  his  time  an.d  labor  has  been  given  to 
Sunday-school  work.  As  editor  of  the  Young 
Reaper,  one  of  the  Sunday-school  periodicals  of  the 
Publication  Society,  he  has  cheered  many  youthful 
hearts  with  the  gospel  tidings;  and  as  a  Bible-class 
teacher  in  churches  with  which  he  has  been  con- 
nected he  has  been  instrumental  in  making  others 
wise  unto  salvation.  He  is  a  gifted  preacher,  a 
wise  counselor,  a  "  faithful  steward,"'  and  one  of 
the  ablest  and  most  popular  secretaries  any  .society 
ever  had. 

Griffith,  Capt.  H.  P.,  was  born  in  Laurens  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  about  1835;  baptized  in  1800  by  Dr. 
J.  P.  Boyce,  and  educated  at  Furman  University. 

In  1872,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  many 
leading  citizens,  he  opened  a  high  school  at  Wood- 
ruff, Spartanburg  Co.,  five  miles  from  his  native 
place.  Several  families  moved  in  to  educate  their 
children,  others  boarded.  The  school  ran  up  to 
75  or  80  scholars,  sometimes  nearly  100.  It  con- 
tinued to  flourish  for  three  years,  when  his  health 
compelled  him  to  resign. 

The  school  at  once  began  to  decline,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  second  year  it  would  have  been  closed, 
but   his   health   having  improved   he  returned    in 


GRIFFITH 


477 


GRIMMEL 


February,  1880.  Prosperity  came  with  him.  The 
place  has  grown  from  half  a  dozen  houses  to  quite 
a  flourishing  village.  Families  are  yet  moving  in 
to  educate  their  children,  business  of  all  kinds  is 
improving,  the  whole  community  is  flourishing, 
and  all  from  the  influence  of  the  school. 

lie  was  a  captain  in  the  late  war,  and  is  yet  held 
in  high  esteem  by  the  men  of  his  former  command. 
lie  was  shot  through  the  feet  in  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness,  and  the  surgeons  thought  he  would 
lose  one  or  both.  But  he  sufiera  little  or  no  incon- 
venience from  them  now.  "  Whatsoever  the  king 
(David)  did  pleased  the  people.''  David  was  the 
representative  of  a  class,  and  Capt.  Griffith  belongs 
to  the  class  who  are  born  to  "  please  the  people.'' 

Griffith,  Rev.  £.  H.,  was  born  in  Henrico  Co., 
Va..  Oct.  7,  1825  ;  baptized  when  thirteen  by  Rev. 
Eli  Ball ;  spent  a  year  at  Richmond  College,  but 
took  his  degree  at  Columbian  College,  D.  C,  in  1849; 
after  teaching  for  several  years  in  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey,  and  Virginia,  he  came  to  Xortli  Caro- 
lina, as  a  missionary  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
Iat)ored  for  five  years,  when  he  was  called  to  Char- 
lotte, where  he  was  pastor  for  eleven  years.  For 
four  years  Mr.  Grifiith  has  been  agent  of  the  South- 
ern Theological  Seminary,  in  North  Carolina  and 
Virginia,  and  a  good  one  he  is.  He  was  for  years 
the  moderator  of  the  South  Yadkin  Association. 

Grig'g'S,  Samuel  C,  the  Chicago  publisher,  so 
well  known  by  his  imprint  upon  a  large  variety  of 
widely  circulated  books,  was  born  in  Tolland,  Conn., 
July  20,  1819.  While  he  was  yet  a  boy  the  family 
removed  to  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  where,  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  he  was  converted,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Jacob  Knapp.  After  a  three  years'  course  at 
the  Hamilton  Seminary,  he  taught  the  academy  in 
that  village  one  year,  but  preferring  a  business 
career,  purchased  a  book-store  in  the  pl.ice,  and 
began  the  line  of  trade  in  which  he  h;xs  since  won 
such  distinguished  success.  In  1848,  Mr.  Griggs 
removed  to  Chicago.  That  city  has  since  been  his 
home.  Resuming  the  book-trade  there,  at  first 
upon  a  moderate  scale,  he  prosecuted  it  with  such 
enterprise  and  tact,  steadily  enlarging,  that  his  es- 
tablishment became  for  strangers  an  interesting 
feature  of  the  young  city  in  its  marvelous  growth. 
In  a  few  years  his  book-store  had  become  the 
largest  in  this  country.  On  one  occasion,  Mr.  An- 
thony TroUope,  the  novelist,  visiting  the  store,  ex- 
pressed his  great  surprise  at  its  dimensions,  and 
the  completeness  of  the  literary  assortment,  de- 
claring that  while  he  had  visited  numerous  simi- 
lar establishments  in  England  and  on  the  Conti- 
nent, he  had  seen  none  which  equaled  it  in  the 
particulars  named.  Mr.  Griggs  was  the  first  book- 
seller to  introduce  theological  works  in  Chicago, 
the  first  also  to  offer  the  public  costly  imported 
books  with  rich  artistic  emijellishments,  and  the 


first  Western  publisher  who  succeeded  in  gaining 
for  a  Western  book  extended  circulation.  Three 
times  Mr.  Griggs  has  been  burned  out.  On  the 
last  occasion  of  this  kind,  in  1871,  the  loss  was 
so  heavy,  and  his  health  had  become  so  much 
impaired,  that  he  determined  to  change  the  char- 
acter of  his  business.  He  has  since  devoted  him- 
self to  publishing  exclusively,  and  in  this  line  has 
been  the  means  of  bringing  before  the  American 
public  a  large  number  of  excellent  books.  Editions 
of  classical  works  for  use  in  colleges,  prepared  by 
such  scholars  as  Prof.  Boise,  of  Chicago,  and  Profs. 
Jones  and  D'Ooge,  of  Ann  Arbor,  have  gained  a 
wide  popularity.  The  writings  of  Prof.  Wm. 
Matthews  are  known  and  valued  in  every  part  of 
the  land,  as  well  as  over  the  seas.  Other  authors 
of  distinction  have  been  glad  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  well-known  good  taste  as  publishers,  and  en- 
terprise and  energy  in  pushing  books,  of  the  firm 
of  S.  C.  Griggs  &  Co.  The  business  in  this  form 
has  grown  to  be  a  large  one  ;  the  number  of  books 
made  yearly  exceeding  90,0(X).  It  is  felt  by  literary 
people  in  the  West  that  Mr.  Griggs  has  rendered 
a  great  service  to  the  cause  of  good  literature  and 
of  culture  in  his  section  of  the  country ;  a  service 
which  is  cordially  appreciated  and  acknowledged. 
He  is  a  valued  and  useful  member  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  Chicago. 

Grimmel,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Marburg,  Germany,  May  30,1847.  Ilis  father  w.as 
one  of  the  first  persons  baptized  by  Mr.  Oncken  in 
that  place,  a  godly  man,  who  endured  severe  perse- 
cution for  his  faithful  adherence  to  the  truth.  The 
example  and  influence  of  such  a  man  must  have 
been  a  blessing  for  the  son.  The  father  finally 
left  his  native  land,  and  coming  to  America,  settled 
with  his  family  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  where  through 
his  efforts  a  Gorman  Baptist  church  was  organized. 
His  son  was  converted  and  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  that  church  Jan.  29,  1861.  Early  in  life 
young  Grimmel  felt  himself  called  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  lie  pursued  his  studies  at  Rochester, 
N,  Y.,  and  graduated  from  the  German  depart- 
ment of  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1866, 
In  the  year  following  he  became  pastor  of  the 
First  German  church,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In  the 
year  1873  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
German  church,  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  Mr.  Grimmel 
was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Milarbeiter,  an 
illustrated  German  monthly,  from  1874  to  1879. 
As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Grimmel  has  been  successful 
in  leading  many  souls  to  Christ.  He  is  a  talented 
speaker,  able  to  draw  and  instruct  delighted  hearers. 
In  the  general  work,  he  occupies  positions  of  trust 
and  responsibility  in  the  Missionary  Committee  of 
the  Eastern  German  Baptist  Conference,  and  in  the 
School  Committee,  which  has  charge  of  the  interests 
of  theological  training  in  the  German  ministry. 


GlilMSLKy 


478 


GKOSE 


Grimsley,  Rev.  Barnet,  was  ijom  in  Culpeper 

Co..  \  a..  1>lc.  IJ,  I'^ilT.  At  nine  years  of  a^e  lie 
entered  school  under  the  care  of  Mr.  B.  Wood,  and 
remained  during  portions  of  four  years.  At  this 
early  age  young  Grimsley  was  remarkable  for  the 
strength  of  his  memory,  having,  when  about  twelve 
years  of  age,  at  one  of  the  school  commencements, 
declaimed  from  memory  alone  an  entire  sermon  on 
the  Being  and  Perfections  of  God.  Until  about 
eighteen  he  assisted  his  father  in  his  farm-work, 
devoting  all  his  spare  moments  to  reading  and  the 
improvement  of  his  mind.  His  books  were  in  a 
great  measure  committed  to  memory.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  chose  as  his  life-work  the  occupation  of 
milling,  and  with  his  characteristic  energy  he  w.is 
soon  at  the  very  head  of  that  business.  In  No- 
vember, IS.'il,  lie  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  F. 
Broaddus,  and  united  with  the  Mount  Salem  church. 
His  aptness  for  teaching  was  so  marked  that  his 
brethren  advised  him  to  enter  the  ministry,  and  the 
cliurch,  in  October,  1832,  licensed  liim  to  preach. 
In  .June,  18.33.  he  was  .appointed  by  the  General  As- 
sociation to  labor  in  the  valley  of  Virginia.  At  this 
point  be  relinquished  the  occupation  of  milling,  in 
which  he  had  been  so  successful,  and  entered  upon 
his  real  life-work,  the  preaching  of  the  gospel.  He 
soon  gathered  a  small  band  of  believers,  organized 
a  church  at  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  Xov.  25,  1833,  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  and  became  their  pastor. 
After  two  years  of  successful  labor  under  the 
p.-itronage  of  the  General  Baptist  Association  he 
resigned  his  position  as  missionary  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Liberty  and  New  Salem  churches. 
In  .January  of  1836  he  became  pastor  of  Bethcar 
and  Rapidan  churches,  the  latter  of  which  he  was 
obliged  to  resign  on  account  of  the  inconvenience 
of  meeting  with  them.  In  September  of  1833  he 
assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Salem  Union 
Association.  In  1856  he  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  uniting  of  that  Association  with  the  Columbia, 
from  which  sprang  the  present  Potomac  Associ- 
ation. On  the  retiring  of  Dr.  W.  F.  Broaddus.  in 
1840,  from  the  pastorate  of  Bethel  church,  Clarke 
Co.,  Mr.  Grimsley  became  the  pastor  of  it  and  of 
Long  Br.anch  church,  resigning  his  care  of  Cedar 
Creek  and  Liberty.  His  ministry  here,  as  else- 
where, was  eminently  successful,  the  church  being 
greatly  enlarged  in  numbers  and  strengthened  in 
influence.  In  1848,  after  a  thirteen  years'  pastorate 
at  New  Salem,  he  resigned  and  took  charge  of 
Pleasant  Vale,  Fauquier  Co.,  succeeding  the  emi- 
nent Ogilvie.  In  I.S52,  after  a  seventeen  years' 
pastorate  at  Bethcar,  and  twelve  at  Long  Branch, 
he  resigned,  and  devoted  all  his  time  to  Bethel  and 
Pleasant  Vale  churches,  still  preaching,  however, 
during  the  week,  at  Woodville.  In  1854  he  was 
called  to  preach  to  the  newly-constituted  church  at 
Flint  llill,  wliich  he  did  during  the  week.     In  1860 


he  took  charge  of  the  Mount  Salem  church,  re- 
signing AVooilville,  where  he  had  labored  for  six 
years.  In  1865  his  labors  were  such  that  he  was 
compelled  to  resign  the  care  of  Bethel,  where  he 
had  preached  to  vast  multitudes  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  and  Pleasant  Vale,  where  he  h.id  labored 
for  seventeen  years,  and  he  became  pastor  of  the 
.Jeffer.sonton  and  Gourd  Vine  churches,  which  re- 
quired much  less  physical  labor  in  the  way  of 
horseback-iiding,  etc.  He  still  serves  these  two 
churches,  being  abundant  in  labors  and  eminent 
in  success. 

Mr.  Grimsley  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  men 
in  the  denomination  in  Virginia.  As  a  preacher 
he  has  had  but  few  equals.  Ilis  reasoning  is  clear, 
consecutive,  and  closely  logical ;  his  language 
choice,  chaste,  and  weighty  :  bis  descriptive  power 
remarkably  vivid  ;  and  his  manner  earnest  and  im- 
pressive. As  a  clear  thinker  and  ready  debater  it 
is  not  too  much  to  s,iy  that  he  had  no  equal  in  the 
local  Association  to  which  he  belonged,  while  as  a 
speaker  on  the  platform  or  in  the  pulpit  he  had  in 
the  same  field  no  compeer.  He  was  the  friend  and 
advocate  of  all  good  movements,  missions,  Sunday- 
schools,  temperance,  education,  church  extension  ; 
and  when  the  pernicious  doctrine  of  Antinomian- 
ism  rested  like  a  blight  over  the  valley  of  Virginia, 
Mr.  Grimsley  lent  the  strong  powers  of  his  mind, 
heart,  and  body  to  the  destruction  of  the  heresy. 
His  labors,  united  to  those  of  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Broad- 
dus, revolutionized  the  views  of  thousands,  not 
only  in  the  churches,  but  also  out  of  the  churches, 
of  the  most  influential  families  in  Clarke,  Fauquier, 
and  adjacent  counties,  and  multitudes  have  arisen 
to  call  him  blessed.  When  in  the  vigor  of  life 
nearly  one-fourth  of  his  time  was  spent  in  horse- 
back-riding between  his  home  and  his  churches. 
Exposure  made  him  seem  older  than  lie  really  was, 
and  yet  with  the  infirmities  of  threescore  years  and 
ten  upon  him  he  preaches  the  unsearchable  riches 
of  Christ  with  much  of  the  vigor,  impressivencss, 
and  eloquence  of  his  earlier  days.  Mr.  Grimsley 
is  perhaps  the  only  surviving  minister  in  A'irginia 
of  that  eminent  circle  of  Baptist  preachers  that 
gave  such  celebrity  to  the  Culpeper  Baptist  camp- 
meeting  gatherings,  in  which  Rylanil.  Jeter,  Bur- 
rows, Poindexter,  Taylor,  and  others  engaged  and 
accomplished  so  much  good. 

Grose,  Rev.  Henry  L.,  was  bom  at  Minden, 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  26,  1816.  He  early 
pursued  a  classical  course,  and  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen began  the  study  of  medicine  while  editing  a 
newspaper.  Being  converted  soon  after,  he  was 
baptized  at  Owego,  entered  Oneida  Institute,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Whltesborough 
church,  C.  P.  Sheldon,  pastor.  He  was  ordained 
.at  West  Danby,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  7,  1841,  and  held  pas- 
torates at  Danby,  Ithaca,  Coxsackie,  Athens,  North 


GROSER 


479 


GVBELMANN 


East,  Galway,  ami  Mannsville,  where  his  healtli 
failed  so  completely  in  KSGO  that  he  resigned  and 
purchased  the  Jiallston  Journal,  of  which  he  is  still 
editor  and  publislier.  Leaving  much  of  his  business 
care  to  his  sons,  he  has  preached  as  supply  at  Burnt 
Hills,  Saugerties,  Saratoga,  Middle  Grove,  and 
once  leaving  his  native  State,  was  pastor  for  six 
years  at  Ilydeville,  Vt.,  and  has  been  pastor  of  the 
old  Stone  church,  Milton,  since  1878.  Thus  for 
forty  years  has  Mr.  Grose  been  a  faithful  minister 
of  Christ,  and  during  intervals  of  broken  health 
has  filled  many  other  positions  of  trust,  and  made 
various  contributions  to  Baptist  literature.  His 
oiliest  daughter  is  the  wife  of  -J.  A.  .Smitli,  D.D., 
editor  of  the  Standard,  of  Chicago ;  his  oldest  son 
is  engaged  in  printing  in  Chicago:  two  sons  con- 
duct the  Balhton  Jnurnat ;  and  one  son,  H.  B. 
Grose,  a  graduate  of  Rochester  University,  is  on 
the  staff  of  the  Examiner. 

Groser,  Rev.  William,  editor  of  the  English  \ 
Bnplist  Muijazinc  irinn  IS38  to  1850,  was  born  Aug.  i 
12,  1791,  in  London.  His  parents  then  belonged 
to  the  Eagle  Street  church.  Some  years  later  his  I 
father  was  licensed  to  preach  by  that  church,  and 
removed  to  Watford  to  take  charge  of  the  Baptist 
congregation  there.  Mr.  Groser  assisted  his  father 
for  a  long  time  in  the  management  of  a  flourishing 
school.  Being  a  diligent  student  he  made  consid- 
erable progress  in  4iis  studies,  and  his  conversion 
when  he  was  about  nineteen  led  him  to  devote 
himself  to  theological  reading.  He  began  to  preach 
in  1811,  and  was  invited  to  become  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Princes  Risborough  in  1S13.  Here  he 
la))ored  with  much  usefulness  until  1819,  when  he 
removed  to  Battle,  in  Sussex,  and  in  the  following 
year  settled  at  Maidstone,  in  which  pastorate  he 
remained  nineteen  years,  until  his  removal  to  Lon- 
don. He  occupied  himself  in  editing  the  Baptist 
Muf/azine  and  in  other  literary  engagements.  In 
1848  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Chelsea  Bap- 
tist church,  from  which  he  retired  ta  assume  the 
duties  of  secretary  of  the  Irish  Society  in  1851. 
His  laborious  and  useful  life  was  ended  Aug.  6, 
1856.  Mr.  Oroser's  services  to  the  denomination 
were  enthusiastically  rendered  and  highly  esteemed. 
His  painstaking  discharge  of  editorial  duties  s]X)ke 
for  itself,  whilst  his  gentleness  of  spirit,  Christian 
courtesy,  and  many  personal  excellencies  endeared 
him  to  a  very  wide  circle  of  friends. 

Gubelmann,  Rev.  J.  S.,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Berne,  Switzerland,  Xov.  27,  I8:',lj.  He  received 
his  early  training  from  his  grandfather,  a  missionarj- 
among  the  Pietists.  In  the  meetings,  and  under 
the  influence  of  the  Pietists,  he  received  lasting 
impressions.  In  1848  he  followed  his  parents  to 
the  United  States,  and  lived  with  them  in  Xew 
York.  The  next  year,  at  the  age  of  tliirteen,  he 
was  converted  and  baptized,  becoming  a  member 


of  the  First  German  Baptist  church.  Subsequently 
he  lived  some  time  in  Ohio  with  his  grandparents, 
his  grandfather  having  accepted  the  charge  of  a 
German  Reformed  church  in  Monroe  Co.,  O.    Feel- 


REV.  J.  S.  GIBELMAXX. 

ing  convinced  that  the  Lord  had  called  him  to 
preach  his  gospel,  on  coming  back  to  New  York  be 
w.ns  among  the  first  German  students  who  were  sent 
to  the  theological  seminary  at  Rochester,  X.  Y. 
Taking  a  full  course,  he  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester  in  1858,  and  from  the  Roches- 
ter Theological  Seminary  two  years  later.  From 
1860  to  1862,  Mr.  Gubelmann  labored  successfully 
as  pastor  of  the  German  church  at  Louisville,  Ky. : 
from  1862  to  1868  he  was  pastor  of  the  German 
church  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  During  his  pastorate 
there  a  new  and  commodious  house  of  worship 
was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  some  830,000,  of  which  a 
large  amount  was  immediately  collected.  In  1S68 
he  took  charge  of  the  First  German  church  in  Phil- 
adelphia. Pa.,  where  he  is  still  laboring. 

Mr.  Gubelmann  stands  foremost  among  the 
German  ministers  as  a  preacher.  His  superior 
gifts  have  been  recognized  among  American 
churches  and  ministers  wherever  they  have  become 
acquainted  with  him.  He  is  a  thorough  Bible  stu- 
dent, and  while  his  sermons  are  polished  and  schol- 
arly, their  greatest  beauty  is  their  evangelical  sim- 
plicity. His  remarkable  talents,  combined  with 
his  amiable  disposition  and  childlike  piety,  have 
made  him  everywhere  very  successful.  Hundreds 
have  been  given  him  as  fruits  of  his  labors.  His 
great  longing  has  always  been   for  souls.      The 


GUILD 


480 


GUNN 


church  at  Phihuh^Ipliia  hiis  been  specially  blessed, 
and  a  second  tiourisliing  German  church,  and  also 
a  mission,  have  been  organized. 

By  his  counsels  and  labors  Mr.  Gubelmann  has 
rendered  valuable  service  to  the  general  cause,  and 
his  name  will  always  be  inseparably  connected  with 
the  history  of  the  German  Baptist  Mission  in  this 
country.  He  is  one  of  the  managers  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  his  standing 
in  Philadelphia  among  its  fifty-six  Baptist  pastors 
is  highly  creditable  to  his  gifts  and  his  grace. 

Guild,  Eeuben  Aldridge,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
West  De<lham,  Mass.,  May  4,  1822,  and  was  fitted 
for  college  at  the  Baptist  Academy  in  Worcester. 
He  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1S47,  and  was 
appointed  librarian  of  hiaa/ma  mater  in  1848,  which 
office  he  now  holds.  During  the  thirty-three  years 
of  his  connection  with  the  library  he  has  watched 
its  growth,  and  in  many  ways  contributed  to  it, 
until  he  has  seen  it  transferred  from  its  straitened 
quarters  in  Manning  Hall  to  the  elegant  building 
recently  erected  for  its  reception  by  the  munificence 
of  the  late  Hon.  John  Carter  Brown.  Dr.  Guild 
has  found  time,  amid  his  numerous  and  pressing 
duties,  to  prepare  and  publish  several  works  of  great 
worth.  Among  them  are  his  ""Librarian's  Man- 
ual," "  Life,  Times,  and  Correspondence  of  .James 
Manning,"  and  "  Tlie  Early  History  of  Brown 
University,  a  Biographical  Introduction  to  the 
Writings  of  Roger  AVilliams."  In  addition  to  these 
works,  he  has  published  an  elegant  edition  of  a  full 
and  exhaustive  "  History  of  Brown  University." 
Few  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination  have  rendered 
it  such  valuable  services  as  Dr.  Reulien  A.  Guild. 
As  a  writer  of  history  about  our  distinguished  men, 
and  our  first  American  college,  he  is  without  an 
equal  among  the  living,  and  with  very  few  among 
the  dead. 

Guirey,  Rev.  George,  of  French  Huguenot 
descent,  pastor  of  Trinity  Baptist  church,  Oak- 
land, Cal.,  was  born  at  Princeton,  Ind.,  Jan.  5, 
1842;  at  the  age  of  seven,  on  the  death  of  his 
mother,  he  was  placed  under  an  Episcopalian  guar- 
dian, and  did  not  see  his  father  afterwards  until  he 
had  entered  the  ministry.  He  was  baptized  at  six- 
teen, and  joined  the  Little  Union  Baptist  church, 
in  Missouri.  Studied  at  Bethel  College,  Ky.,  and 
was  two  years  in  Spurgeon's  College,  London,  Eng- 
land. During  the  war  he  joined  the  Union  army 
for  the  defense  of  Frankfort,  Ky.  He  has  spent 
fifteen  years  as  pastor  at  West  Troy,  \.  Y..  Chelsea, 
Mass.,  Newark,  N.  -J.,  and  Oakland,  Cal.  He  has 
been  blessed  with  many  conversions ;  is  an  extem- 
pore preacher,  and  impresses  his  hearers  with  a 
conviction  that  he  believes  what  he  proclaims. 
He  is  a  writer  of  considerable  vivacity,  and  is 
author  of  a  book,  entitled  "  Deacon  Cranky,"  a  pica 
for  greater  spirituality  in  Christians. 


Gulley,  Orrin  S.,  was  an  apprentice  in  a  print- 
ing-office in  Detroit,  became  early  a  member  of  the 
church,  and  in  it  was  ever  faithful.  When  but 
eighteen  he  was  the  first  printer  of  the  Michigan 
Christian  Herald,  and  either  alone,  or  in  company 
with  Mr.  Allen,  he  was  its  printer  or  publisher 
until  it  left  Detroit,  in  1802;  more  than  twenty 
years  of  steady  application  and  good  judgment 
made  his  business  yield  him  wealth  ;  but,  where 
others  become  haughty,  he  remained  the  plain,  in- 
dustrious man,  using  his  means  in  generous  gifts 
to  deserving  objects.  lie  prosecuted  business  in 
the  interest  of  those  whom  he  employed,  as  well  as 
in  his  own,  and  he  is  lovingly  remembered  by  them, 
though  sleeping  in  his  grave.  Ever  pleasant,  pa- 
tient, and  kind,  the  Sunday-school,  the  mission  in- 
terests, the  charities  of  the  city,  and  all  the  denomi- 
national interests  in  the  State,  miss  him  as  one  of 
the  liest  of  the  Lord's  servants  and  stewards.  His 
death  occurred  in  1878. 

Gunn,  Hev.  Radford,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
May  13,  1797.  At  an  early  period  in  his  life  his 
parents  removed  to  Georgia,  and  settled  in  Ogle- 
thorpe County.  In  1820  he  was  converted  and 
joined  County  Line  church,  in  Oglethorpe  County. 
His  conversion  was  bright,  clear,  and  joyous,  "  like 
a  blaze  of  sunshine  at  midnight."  With  his  heart 
overflowing  with  joy,  he  left  his  work  and  went 
among  his  neighbors,  telling  them  what  great 
things  God  had  done  for  him.  Not  long  afterwards 
lie  preached  his  first  sermon  from  Rom.  i.  15.  He 
had  a  powerful  memory,  which  enabled  him  to 
retain  whatever  he  heard.  He  was  ordained  in 
1822,  and  for  forty  years  afterwards  was  an  active, 
earnest,  laborious  preacher,  very  popular  and  in- 
fluential, and  in  great  demand  as  a  pastor  among 
the  churches,  the  most  prominent  of  which  in  his 
reach  were  glad  to  secure  his  services,  and  during 
his  ministerial  career  he  filled  many  pastorates  in 
Oglethorpe,  Taliaferro,  Hancock,  Warren,  Lincoln, 
Columbia,  and  other  counties,  and  always  with 
success,  for  he  was  a  most  earnest  and  zealous 
worker.  Those  whose  spiritual  interests  were 
committed  to  his  care  were  daily  in  his  prayers, 
his  sympathies,  and  his  affections,  and  he  watched 
over  their  welfare  tenderly,  seeking  to  promote 
their  happiness  and  usefulness. 

He  was  a  very  effective  and  earnest  preacher,  his 
style  being  didactic,  rather  than  hortatory.  Un- 
folding his  subject  .systematically  and,  frequently, 
with  considerable  logical  eff'ect,  he  would  warm  up 
as  he  proceeded,  and  at  times  would  burst  into  an 
impassioned  strain  of  oratory  that  would  stir  the 
feelings  of  his  audience  profoundly.  His  aim  al- 
ways was  to  present  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus, 
and  his  preaching  was  often  followed  by  powerful 
effects  ;  Christians  were  made  to  rejoice  in  the  hope 
of  glory,  and  sinners  were  made  to  weep  over  their 


GURNEY 


481 


GWALTKKT 


sins.  Under  God,  he  was  instrumental  in  the  sal- 
vation of  hundreds,  while  many  Christians  were 
strengthened  and  encouraged  in  the  discharge  of 
their  duties. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  Radford  Gunn  was 
a  remarkable  man.  He  possessed  uncommon  tal- 
ents. In  his  community  he  was  a  leading  man  ; 
and  in  his  Association,  the  Georgia,  he  wielded  a 
strong  influence.  He  was  a  thorough  Baptist,  an<l 
all  who  knew  him  could  hear  witness  to  his  many 
personal  excellences.  Rigidly  honest  and  unflinch- 
ingly bold,  he  avowed  his  opinions  on  anj'  subject 
and  under  any  circumstances  ;  still  he  was  not  ob- 
trusive. He  was  generous  to  a  fault,  and  he 
deemed  nothing  he  had  too  good  for  his  friends. 

lie  spent  a  large  part  of  the  years  1862  and  1863 
in  the  Virginia  army,  in  evangelistic  and  chari- 
table labors,  breaking  down  his  health  and  con- 
tracting the  disease  which  ended  his  life.  Unable 
to  preach  or  do  anything  for  his  Master  except 
exercise  the  grace  of  patience  under  suffering,  he 
would  frequently  exclaim,  "  And  now,  Lord,  what 
wait  I  for?  My  hope  is  in  thee."  "Lord,  on 
thee  do  I  wait  all  the  day."  '■  Now,  lettest  thou 
thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  according  to  thy  word, 
for  mine  eyes  have  seen  thy  salvation."  When 
death  did  come  he  welcomed  it  with  manifest  joy  ; 
for  his  soul  longed  to  escape  from  its  crumbling 
tabern.acle  of  clay.  His  work  on  earth  w;is  done, 
and  he  was  anxious  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ,  j 
He  died  at  his  residence  in  Warren  Co.,  Ga.,  -Juno 
15,  1866.  His  death  was  a  very  easy  one,  for  he 
passed  away  as  one  falling  into  a  sweet  and  peace- 
ful sleep. 

Gumey,  William  Brodie,  was  born  in  London 
in  1778.  Ilis  father  lieiiig  a  deacon  of  the  Maze 
Pond  church,  he  became  acquainted  in  early  life 
with  the  original  members  of  the  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Society,  and  delighted  them  by  the  interest  he 
manifested  in  the  missionary  enterprise.  He  fol- 
lowed his  father's  profession,  stenography,  and  at- 
tained to  such  distinguished  excellence  in  that  art 
that  at  an  early  age  he  was  appointed  short-hand 
writer  to  the  House  of  Lords,  a  lucrative  office, 
which  enabled  him  to  give  large  sums  for  missionary 
and  benevolent  purposes.  He  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  organization  and  direction  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Union,  and  liberally  stimulated  the  produc- 
tion of  a  distinctive  Sunday-school  literature.  This 
great  and  useful  institution  was  in  a  large  measure 
his  creation.  The  Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 
also  greatly  indebted  to  his  enterprise  and  munifi- 
cence for  its  present  strength.  As  its  treasurer  for 
many  years  the  duties  of  his  office  were  no  mere 
matters  of  finance.  He  took  the  liveliest  interest  in 
all  tlie  efforts  of  the  society,  and  especially  set  him- 
self to  the  development  of  a  spirit  of  liberality 
towards  evangelistic  work  at  home  and  abroad.    His 


example  and  influence  produced  a  happy  effect, 
which  he  lived  to  see.  He  died  in  London,  March 
25,  1855,  aged  seventy-seven. 

Outhrie,  Hon.  James,  an  eminent  lawyer, 
statesman,  and  capitalist,  was  born  in  Nelson  Co., 
Ky.,  Dec.  5,  1792.  He  was  educated  at  Bards- 
town,  and  studied  law  under  the  distinguished 
Judge  John  Rowan.  lie  established  himself  in 
practice  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1820.  Though  not 
a  communicant  in  any  church,  he  was  a  Baptist  in 
sentiment,  and  attended  Walnut  Street  Baptist 
church,  with  his  family,  all  of  whom  became  emi- 
nently useful  members  of  this  church.  lie  quickly 
established  an  extensive  reputation  as  a  lawyer, 
and  acquired  property  with  great  rapidity.  Was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Kentucky  Legis- 
lature in  1827  ;  was  in  the  Kentucky  senate  from 
18.31  to  1840,  and  in  1849  was  president  of  the 
convention  that  formed  the  present  State  constitu- 
tion ;  was  Secretary  of  the  U.  S.  Treasury  from 
1853  to  18.57,  and  in  1865  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1868,  on  account  of 
declining  health.  From  1800  to  186S  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad.  Be- 
sides these,  he  held  many  other  prominent  posi- 
tions of  trust  and  honor.  lie  was  a  man  of  superior 
business  qualifications,  and  was  said  to  have  be- 
come the  wealthiest  man  in  his  State.  He  died  in 
Louisville,  March  13,  1869. 

Gwaltney,  Luther  Rice,  D.D.,  the  son  of  Rev. 
James  L.  Gwaltney,  w.is  born  in  Isle  of  Wight  Co., 
Va.,  and  is  now  about  fifty  years  of  age.  In  early 
life  he  received  a  thorough  collegiate  education, 
graduating  with  distinction  from  Columbian  Uni- 
versity, Wa.shington,  D.  C,  thence  he  went  forth  as 
an  ambassador  of  the  Cross.  AVhere  his  first  pastor- 
ate was  is  not  known  to  the  writer  of  this  sketch. 
He  was  called  from  Murfrcesljorough,  N.  C,  in  1857, 
to  take  charge  of  the  church  in  Edgefield  village, 
South  Carolina,  where  he  labored  with  great  fidelity 
and  success  for  eleven  years,  both  in  his  pastorate 
and  in  the  educational  interests  of  the  community. 
In  1868  he  left  Edgefield  and  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  the  city  of  Rome,  Ga.,  where  he  remained 
for  eight  years.  Here  he  worked  with  the  most 
constant  zeal  in  the  ministry,  in  the  temperance 
cause,  and  in  the  interests  of  education,  bearing  a 
prominent  part  in  the  founding  of  Shorter  Female 
College.  In  1876  he  was  called  to  the  presidency 
of  the  Judson  Female  Institute,  in  Marion,  Ala., 
where  he  now  labors  with  great  acceptance.  With 
the  highest  culture,  a  dignified  and  graceful  a.\>- 
pearance,  a  pure  life  and  deep  piety,  the  best 
kind  of  sense,  ami  fine  scholarly  attainments,  an 
earnest  worker  and  an  able  preacher.  Dr.  Gwaltney 
has  proven  himself  a  success  wherever  he  htis  been 
tried.  He  has  the  art  of  endearing  himself  in  the 
lasting  affections  of  his  people.     His  alma  mater  in 


GWALTNEY 


482 


HACKETT 


Wiisliinuton  conferred  tlic  dejirec  of  D.D.  upon 
him  a  few  years  since,  as  a  fit  tril)iite  to  liis  dis- 
tin<;uishcd  merit.  He  is  one  uf  our  most  valuable 
men,  and  would  be  a  leading  man  in  any  com- 
2n  unity. 

Gwaltney,  Rev.  W.  B,.,  was  born  in  .\le.\ander 
Co.,  X.  ('.,  in  1N^!4;  ij;raduated  at  Wake  I'orest 
College  ;  tanglit  in  Wilkes  and  .Mexander  Counties: 
has  served  the  chnrchcs  of  Hillsborough,  Chapel 
Hill,  Weeksville,  and  Winston,  and  is  now  the 
laborious  and  beloved  and  very  successful  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh.  Mr. 
Gwaltney  is  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College. 

Gwin,  D.  W.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  is  a  Virginian  by  liirtli, 
and  at  tlie  present  time  is  about  forty  years  of  age. 
He  is  a  man  of  fine  person  and  splendid  natural 
abilities,  heightened  by  study  and  training.  To 
unusual  mental  powers  he  adds  eluipienee,  grace 
of  action,  a  fine  command  of  language,  and  large 
intellectual  acquirements.  He  grailuated  at  Kich- 
mond  College,  Va.,  before  he  was  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  Soon  after  graduating  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Ancient  Languages  by  the  Brownwood 
Institute,  La  Grange,  Ga.,  where  ho  speedily  mani- 
fested his  proficiency  and  his  skill  as  an  instructor. 
To  an  intimate  knowledge  of  Greek  and  Latin, 
which  he  has  studied  enthusiastically,  he  has  added 
an  acquaintance  with  Hebrew  since  graduating.  To 
learn  a  language  is  with  him  a  pastime,  and  he 
ranks  now  with  the  first  linguists  of  the  land  ;  and 
yet  philos()|)hy  and  theology  are  his  favorite  studies. 
He  was  called  by  the  Baptist  church  at  Rome,  Ga., 
and  was  there  ordained  in   1861.     Compelled   to 


leave  Rome  on  account  of  the  war,  he  moved  to 
Griffin,  Ga.,  and  took  charge  of  the  church  there, 
remaining  four  years,  during  which  he  founded  and 
conducted  the  Griffin  High  School.  In  l.StW  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  where  he  preached  with  distin- 
guished aljility  and  elorjuence  for  six  years.  He 
then  moved  to  Atlanta  and  assumed  his  present 
charge.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees 
for  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and 
though  a  man  of  great  modesty  and  diffidence,  his 
worth  and  abilities  are  highly  appreciated  by  his 
brethren,  who  have  placed  him  upon  the  State 
Mission  Board,  situated  at  Atlanta.  His  wife  is  a 
daughter  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Howell, 
of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Gwynn,  Hon.  W.,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  but 
has  been  in  Florida  many  years.  During  the  ad- 
ministration of  Gov.  Broome,  Mr.  Gwynn  was  a 
State-house  officer,  and  was  appointed  State  treas- 
urer on  the  election  of  Gov.  Drew,  which  important 
position  he  now  holds.  He  is  a  man  of  spotless 
character  and  incorruptible  integrity,  and  hence  is 
much  respected  bj'  the  masses  of  the  people  in  his 
adopted  and  beloved  State. 

Mr.  Gwynn  was  converted  under  the  ministry 
of  Dr.  F,.  W.  Warren,  and  was  baptized  by  him  at 
Tallahassee.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
Baptist  cause  there,  and  has  recently  labored  hard 
and  contributed  liberally  to  relieve  the  church 
property  of  an  embarrassing  debt,  and  to  repair  the 
house  of  worship  and  sustain  the  gospel.  Not 
easily  excited,  very  cautious  and  conservative,  sa- 
gacious and  discerning,  he  is  a  very  safe  adviser. 


H 


Hackett,  Prof.  H.  B.,  D.D.,  LL.D.— Horatio 

Balch  Hackett  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Mass.,  Dec. 
27,  1808.  The  Hackett  family  is  believed  to  be 
descended  from  the  Scotch  and  the  Danes.  Few 
of  the  name  emigrated  to  America.  During  the 
Revolution,  John  Hackett,  grandfather  of  Horatio, 
superintended  the  building  at  Salisbury  of  the  Con- 
tinental frigate  "  Alliance."  His  maternal  grand- 
father, the  Kcv.  Benjamin  Balch,  was  chaplain  on 
the  same  ship.  Richard  Hackett,  a  son  of  John, 
was  also  a  ship-builder,  and  married  Martha  Balch, 
a  daughter  of  the  clergyman  first  mentioned,  who 
was  settled  in  Barrington,  N.  H.  Horatio  was 
the  second  of  four  sons.     His  father  died  in  1814, 


at  the  early  ago  of  thirty.  In  1821  he  attended  the 
academy  at  Amesbury,  under  the  charge  of  Michael 
Walsh,  a  graduate  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
and  a  celebrated  teacher.  In  September,  1823,  he 
became  a  pupil  in  Phillips  Academy,  Andover, 
Mass.,  under  John  Adams.  Among  his  school- 
mates were  Oliver  AVendell  Holmes,  Ray  Palmer, 
D.D.,  Jonathan  F.  Stearn,  D.D.,  Wm.  Newell, 
D.D.,  and  II.  A.  Homes,  LL.D.,  State  Librarian  at 
Albany,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  in  August,  1826, 
with  the  valedictory  address.  A  month  later  he 
was  admitted  to  Amherst  College.  It  was  while  a 
student  that  he  became  a  Christian.  He  united 
with   the  College  church   Nov.   2,   1828.     Having 


HACKETT 


4.S3 


HACKRTT 


graduated  at  Amlierst,  with  the  valedictory,  Mr. 
Hackett  returned  to  Andover  and  entered  the  theo- 
logical seminary.  At  the  end  of  his  first  year  in 
the  seminary   Mr.  Hackett  was   honored  with  an 


PROF.    n.    ]1.    HACKETT,  D.D.,   I.t,.D. 

appointment  to  a  tutorship  in  the  college  which  he 
had  so  lately  left,  and  held  tliis  position  during  the 
year  1831-32.  lie  then  returned  to  theological 
studies  at  Andover,  pursuing  the  course  to  the  end, 
and  engaging  in  some  occasional  literary  work,  lie 
graduated  in  1834,  in  which  year  he  for  some  time 
ministered  to  the  Congregational  church  in  Calais, 
Me. 

Mr.  Hackett  was  married  to  his  cousin,  Mary 
AVadsworth  Balch,  Sept.  22,  1834,  and  spent  the 
academic  year  of  1834-35  as  a  member  of  the  fac- 
ulty of  Mount  Hope  College,  Baltimore,  in  charge 
of  the  classical  department.  In  the  summer  of 
183.3  he  was  l)aptized,  and  united  with  tlie  First 
Baptist  church  of  Baltimore,  a  step  resulting  from 
investigations  about  the  proper  subjects  of  baptism. 
In  September,  1835,  he  became  a  professor  in  Brown 
University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  with  the  title  at  first 
of  Adjunct  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Lan- 
guages, and  in  1838  lie  was  elected  Profes.sor  of 
Hebrew  Literature.  Among  his  as.sociates  in  the 
faculty  were  Drs.  Wayland.  Elton,  and  Caswell. 
Aug.  5,  1839,  he  was  chosen  Professor  of  Biblical 
Literature  and  Interpretation  in  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution,  becoming  the  colleague  of  Drs. 
Chase,  Ripley,  and  Sears.  Sept.  1,  1841,  lie  sailed 
for  Europe,  and  was  absent  a  year,  studying  at 
Halle   and   Berlin,  attending   the   lectures  of  Tho- 


luck,  G('senius,  Neandcr.  ami  Hengstenberg.  He 
also  fulfilled  a  commission  from  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  Baptist  General  Convention  for  Foreign 
Missions  in  behalf  of  Christian  brethren  in  Den- 
mark. 

About  a  year  after  his  return  he  published,  with 
annotations,   the   treatise  of    Plutarch,  "  Ih:  Sera 
Xuminis   Vindicta"    (1844).       A    revised   edition, 
with   notes   by   Profs.   II.   B.    Hackett  and  W.   S. 
Tyler,  was  published  in  18G7.     In   1845  appeared 
his  translation   of  Winer's  "  Chaldee  Grammar."' 
and  in  1847  his  own  '•  Exercises  in  Hebrew  Gram- 
mar.''    In   1852  he  traveled  in  the  East,  and  has 
given  a  record  of  his  observations  in  the  book  en- 
titled "  Illustrations  of  Scripture,  suggested  by  a 
Tour  through  the  Holy  Land."     In  18.58-59  he  was 
abroad  again,  and  resided  six  months  in  Athens, 
Greece,  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.     Shortly  before  this   he  pnblislied  the  sec- 
ond edition  of  his  "Commentary  on  the  Acts."  tlie 
first  having  appeared  nearly  seven  years  earlier. 
This  has  been  styled  by  Dr.  Peabody,  in  the  North 
American  Jieview,  "  one  of  the  very  few  works  of 
the  kind  in  the  English  language  which  approaches 
in  point  of  massive  erudition  the  master-works  of 
the  great  German  critics,  differing  from  them  only 
in  possessing  a  soundness  and  accuracy  which  they 
sometimes  lack.".     A  few  months  after  his  return 
from  Europe,  Prof.  Hackett  delivered  an  able  and 
eloquent  address  on  Bible  revision  before  the  Amer- 
ican Bible  Union  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Oct.  6, 
1859.     The  society  published  the  address,  and  also 
Dr.  Iluckett's   ''Notes  on   the  Greek  Te.xt  of  the 
Epistle  of  Paul   to  Philemon,"'  etc.,  in  1860.     lie 
contributed    thirty  articles  to   Dr.   Wm.   Smith's 
"  Dictionary  of  the   Bible,"  published  in  England 
in  1860-63,  and  in  1861  wrote  an  introduction  to  the 
American  edition  of  Westcott's  "  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  the  Gospels."     He  compiled  a  volume 
entitled  "Christian   Memorials  of  the  War,'  pub- 
lished in  1864.     In  1866  he  began  to  edit  nn  Amer- 
ican edition  of  "Smith's  Dictionary  of  the  Bible." 
Its  publication  took  place  between  1867  and  1870, 
and  in  this  task  he  had  the  special  cooperation  of 
Prof.  Ezra   Alibot,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  some   of  the 
most  able  scholars  of  America.     In  1868  appeared 
his  translation  of  Van  Oosterzee's  "  Commentary 
on  Philemon,"  with  additions,  for  Dr.  Schaffs  edi- 
tion of  Lange's  Commentaries. 

In  the  same  year  he  terminated  his  professorship 
of  twenty-nine  years  at  Newton,  intending,  how- 
ever, still  to  dwell  there,  and  to  labor  more  ex- 
clusively for  the  Bible  Union.  But  after  a  year  of 
literary  occupation  he  listened  with  favor  to  an 
invitation  made  to  him  through  the  Rev.  E.  G. 
Robinson,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  then  president  of  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  to  resume  there 
his  career  as  a  teacher.     A  year  later,  in  September, 


H AC  RETT 


484 


HADLEY 


1870,  he  entered  upon  liis  duties  as  Professor  of 
Biblieal  Literature  and  New  Testament  Exef;esis, 
having  just  returned,  with  his  daughter,  from  his 
fourth  European  trip.  In  1870  was  published  his 
translation  of  Braune's  "  Commentary  on  Philip- 
pians,"  with  additions,  for  Dr.  Schaff's  work  before 
mentioned.  lie  wrote  an  introduction  to  an  Amer- 
ican edition  of  '"The  Metaphors  of  St.  Paul  and 
Companions  of  St.  Paul,''  by  John  S.  Howson, 
D.D.,  dean  of  Chester,  published  in  1872,  and  in 
1S73  made  additions,  notes,  and  appendices  to 
Kawlinson's  "  Historical  Illustrations  of  the  Old 
Testament."  Ilis  many  and  valuable  contributions 
to  the  "  Bibliotheca  Sacra,"  Cliristiiin  Review,  and 
kindred  works  cover  a  period  of  forty  years  from 
1834.  "The  Book  of  Iluth,"  the  common  version 
revised,  was  a  posthumous  publication,  in  1876. 

His  visits  to  the  Old  World  were  marked  with 
attentions  from  eminent  English  and  Continental 
scholars.  A  few  weeks  after  this  final  one  he  died 
suddenly,  Nov.  2,  1875,  having  just  returned  to  his 
residence  from  an  exercise  with  one  of  his  classes. 

Prof.  Ilackett  was  chosen  to  the  membership  of 
many  learned  societies  in  Europe  and  America, 
and  only  a  few  days  before  his  death  he  attended 
a  stated  meeting  of  the  New  Testament  Company 
of  the  American  Bible  Revision  Committee.  He 
received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of 
Vermont  in  1845,  and  from  Harvard  University 
(where  he  was  long  an  examiner)  in  1861,  and  that 
of  LL.D.  from  Amherst  College  in  1862.  His 
memory  was  widely  reverenced  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  and  the  tributes  thus  evoked  were  edited, 
some  entire  and  others  partially  and  in  biographi- 
cal connection,*  by  one  who  had  been  his  pupil  and 
colleague,  and  whom  he  had  honored  with  his  con- 
fidence and  affection.  In  Newton's  beautiful  cem- 
etery, not  far  from  the  spot  and  column  consecrated 
by  Prof  llackett's  patriotic  discourse  to  the  fame 
of  her  soldiers,  a  massive  granite  monument  marks 
his  own  resting-place.  Upon  one  side  are  the  prin- 
cipal dates  of  his  life  and  services.  The  reverse 
characterizes  the  writer  and  schol.ir  who,  fervent 
in  spirit,  serving  the  Lord,  instructed  a  generation 
of  Christian  ministers. 

Those  who  knew  Dr.  Ilackett  in  later  life  will 
recognize  the  permanence  of  traits  ascribed  to  him 
as  a  young  man  by  the  Rev.  Ezekiel  Russell,  D.D. : 
"  In  character,  H.  B.  H.-ickett  was  the  beauty  of 
our  college  Israel ;  modest,  sincere,  truthful,  just, 
conceding  to  all  their  dues  ;  claiming  little  for  him- 
self, and  from  his  soul  loathing  everything  in  the 
form  of  affectation,  intrigue,  and  selfish  manage- 
ment." 

He  has  a  secure  fame,  and  is  held  in  the  affec- 


*  Memorials  of  Horatio  Balch  Haclceti.    Edited  by  George  11. 
Whittemore.    1870. 


tionate  remembrance  which  he  was  himself  so 
ready  to  accord.  "  Having  once  loved  Andover  as 
the  place  of  his  intellectual  nativity,  he  loved  it 
unto  the  end,"  said  Dr.  Park  at  his  burial.  At  the 
centenary  celeliration  of  Phillips  Academy,  in  1878, 
a  poem  was  delivered  by  Dr.  0.  \\ .  Holmes,  whose 
prose  portrait  of  bis  schoolnmte,  the  future  great 
Biblical  scholar,  was  published  in  1869,  and  is 
well  known.     In  commemorating 

"Tlie  large-brained  schulare  wliom  tlieir  toils  release, 
Tim  bannered  heralds  of  the  Prince  of  Peace," 

he  laid  these  fresh  immorteUcs  upon  the  grave  of 
Ilackett,— 

"Such  was  the  gentle  friend  whn«o  youth  nnblnmed 
In  yeara  long  paat  our  student-benches  daiiued; 
Whose  name,  illumined  on  the  sacred  page, 
Lives  in  the  lalK>rs  uf  his  riper  age." 

Hackett,  Rev.  J.  A,,  the  present  able  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church,  .Shreveport,  La.,  w.as 
born  in  Illinois  in  1832.  When  lie  was  quite  young 
his  father  removed  to  Mississippi,  where  he  was 
brought  up.  He  was  educated  at  Mississippi  Col- 
lege, in  which  he  recently  preached  the  c(jmmence- 
ment  sermon,  which  h,is  added  greatly  to  his  repu- 
tation as  a  clear  thinker  and  forcible  speaker.  He 
served  as  pastor  at  J.iekson,  Miss.,  and  at  Clinton 
and  Hazelhurst  in  the  same  State.  He  was  called 
to  Shreveport  in  1876.  During  his  present  pastor- 
ate the  church  has  erected  a  beautiful  house  of 
worship.  He  has  also  successfully  estalilished  a 
mission  station  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city  at  a 
former  Sunday  resort  for  amusement. 

Hadley,  Rev.  Moses,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Southwestern  Mississippi,  came  to  the  State  some 
time  previous  to  1806,  and  at  that  time  labored  in 
Wilkinson  County.  The  estimation  in  which  he 
was  held  in  that  day  is  seen  in  the  fact  that  he  was 
chosen  moderator  of  the  Association  at  its  second 
session,  when  both  David  Cooper  and  Thomas 
Mercer  were  present.  In  1810  he  wrote  the  cir- 
cular letter  of  the  body  on  religious  declension,  an 
able  document,  in  which  he  treats  of  the  causes  and 
cure  in  a  forcible  manner.  In  1812  he  wrote  again 
on  "  Union  of  the  Churches."  The  same  year  he 
was  sent  to  Opeloiisas  to  ordain  Mr.  AVillis  and  con- 
stitute the  First  church  in  Louisiana.  He  was,  in 
1817,  one  of  a  committee  to  write  a  summary  of 
discipline  for  the  churches.  He  died  in  1818, 
much  regretted  by  his  brethren,  who  by  resolution 
expressed  their  high  appreciation  of  his  labors. 

Hadley,  Judge  T.  B.,  was  born  .June  30.  ISOl. 
in  Beaufort  District,  iS.  C.  In  childhood  his  parents 
moved  to  Woodville,  AV'ilkinson  Co.,  Miss.,  where 
he  was  educated  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  was 
sent  to  the  Legislature  of  Mississippi.  In  1830  he 
was  auditor  of  public  accounts  for  the  State  of  Mis- 
sissippi;   in   1838  was  State  senator  from   Hinds 


HAETZER 


485 


HAIGH 


County,  and  he  was  greatly  applauded  fur  liis  in- 
defatigable exertions  in  procuring  a  law  for  the 
'•  Protection  of  the  Marital  Uights  of  Women,"  long 
and  familiarly  known  as  "  Iladley's  Law."  He 
moved  to  Houston,  Texas,  in  1844,  and  served  his 
county  as  chief  justice,  and  the  city  of  Houston  as 
recorder.  He  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Jack- 
son, Miss.,  in  1S39  ;  served  as  clerk  and  deacon  of 
the  Houston  church,  and  always  took  a  deep  in- 
terest in  its  prosperity  and  in  the  progress  of 
Christ's  cause.  The  Baptist  ministry  of  Texiis  will 
ever  remember  the  generous  hospitality  which  his 
family  at  all  times  dispensed.  A  good  man  and  an 
honored  citizen,  he  passed  to  the  rest  which  r«- 
maineth  for  the  people  of  God,  Sept.  25,  18G9. 

Haetzer,  Ludwig,  a  Hebraist,  an  able  polemi- 
cal writer,  a  hymnist,  and  an  Anabaptist.  In  152.3 
we  find  him  earnestly  supporting  Zwingli  in  his 
reformatory  efforts.  His  writing  against  images 
did  much  towards  securing  their  removal  from  the 
Zurich  churches.  When  the  Anabaptists  come 
forward,  in  1524,  we  find  him  sympathizing  with 
them  in  their  efforts  to  secure  pure  churches,  but 
still  seeking  to  maintain  the  favor  of  Zwingli,  (Eco- 
lampadius,  etc.  In  1525  he  published  the  ablest 
plea  for  temperance  to  be  found  in  the  literature  of 
the  Reformation  period,  in  which  he  condemned 
unsparingly  the  social  gatherings  of  the  clergy, 
where  wine  was  drunk  immoderately,  and  where 
worldly  talk,  even  indecent  conversation,  was  freely 
indulged  in.  Driven  from  Switzerland,  he  labored 
in  Augsburg,  .Strasburg,  and  Constance.  In  1526, 
in  connection  with  Hans  Dcnk  (see  article),  he 
published  a  meritorious  translation  of  sonic  of  the 
prophetical  books  of  the  Old  Testament.  He  was 
beheaded  at  Constance  in  1529,  ostensibly  for 
adultery,  but  probably  on  account  of  his  Anabap- 
tist views. 

Hague,  Rev.  John  B.,  was  bom  in  New 
Rochellc,  X.  Y.,  in  ISl!,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Hamilton  College  in  the  class  of  1832.  He  pur- 
sued hia  theological  studies  at  Newton,  graduating 
in  1835.  Ilis  ordination  took  place  at  Eastport, 
Me.,  where  he  continued  as  pastor  for  ten  years. 
Mr.  Hague  has  devoted  the  larger  part  of  his  life  to 
teaching  young  ladies.  He  has  had  schools  in 
Jamaica  Plain,  Newton  Centre  for  six  years,  at 
Hudson,  N.  Y.,  for  ten  years,  and  at  Ilackensack, 
N.  J.,  where  he  removed  in  1870. 

Hague,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pelham, 
Westchester  Co.,  X.  Y.,  Jan.  4,  1808,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Hamilton  College,  N.  Y.,  in  the  class  of 
1826.  He  took  his  theological  course  at  the  New- 
ton Institution,  graduating  in  1829.  He  w.as  or- 
dained Oct.  20,  1829,  as  pastor  of  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  in  Utica.  N.  Y.,  the  sermon  being 
preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  B.  T.  Welch,  of  Albany. 
Here  he  remained  until  called  to  the  pastorate  of 


the  First  church  in  Boston,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Rev.  C.  P.  Grosvenor. 
His  installation  took  place  Feb.  3,  1831,  Rev.  Dr. 
Wayland  preaching  the  sermon.  His  connection 
with  this  church  continued  until  June,  1837,  when 
he  was  dismissed  to  enter  upon  his  duties  as  pastor 
of  the  First  church  in  Providence,  over  which 
he  was  installed  July  12,  1837,  the  sermon  being 
preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  B.  Sears.  The  church  com- 
memorated while  he  was  pastor  the  second  cen- 
tenary of  its  foundation,  Nov.  7,  1S39,  and  he 
preached  an  historical  discourse  on  the  occasion, 
which  was  published.  During  nine  months  of  the 
year  1838-39  he  was  abroad,  the  Hon.  S.  G.  Arnold 
being  his  traveling  companion.  He  resigned  his 
ofiice  Aug.  20,  1840,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the 
Federal  Street  church,  Boston,  where  he  com- 
menced his  labors  Sept.  20,  1840.  His  subsequent 
pastorates  have  been  in  Jamaica  Plain.  Mass., 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Albany,  N.  \'.,  New  Y'ork  City, 
and  Boston.  lie  is  now  pastor  of  a  church  at 
WoUaston  Heights,  one  of  the  pleasant  suburbs  of 
Boston.  Dr.  Hague  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Brown  University  in  1849,  and 
from  Harvard  College  in  1863.  He  was  chosen  a 
trustee  of  Brown  University  in  1837,  and  is  now, 
with  one  exception,  the  oldest  living  member  of  the 
board.  Among  the  productions  of  his  pen  are  '"  The 
Baptist  Church  transplanted  from  the  Old  World 
to  the  New,"  "  Guide  to  Conversation  on  the 
Gospel  of  John,"  "  Review  of  Drs.  Fuller  and 
Wayland  on  Slavery,''  "  Christianity  and  States- 
manship," '■  Home  Life."  He  has  also  written 
much  for  the  reviews  and  the  periodical  press,  es- 
pecially for  the  Watchman,  of  Boston,  with  which 
he  was  at  one  time  connected  editorially,  and  whose 
columns  he  has  often  enriched  over  his  well-known 
signature  "  Herbert."  Dr.  Hague  is  justly  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  scholarly 
ministers  of  his  denomination. 

Haigh,  Deacon  Daniel. — Mr.  Haigh  was  liom 
at  Marsden,  Y'i)rkaliire,  England,  in  December,  18U1. 
After  his  conversion  he  united  with  the  Indepen- 
dent church  at  Iliiddersfield  of  which  Dr.  Booth- 
royd.  the  Bible  commentator,  was  the  pastor.  He 
was  afterwards  liaptizcd  into  the  Baptist  church  at 
Wakefield,  and  served  as  deacon  for  some  years. 
In  1847  he  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  near  Long 
Grove.  He  was  for  many  ye.irs  an  officer  in  the 
Pavilion  and  Bristol  churches,  and  an  iictive  mem- 
ber of  the  Fox  River  Association,  and  helper  in 
all  denominational  work.  He  still  lives,  retaining 
at  advanced  age  his  warm  interest  in  the  progress 
of  Christ's  kin^'ilom. 

Haigh,  William  Morehouse,  D.D.,  was  Iwrn 
at  Halifax,  Y'orksliirc,  England,  in  April,  1829. 
Converted  at  the  earlv  age  of  thirteen,  he  was  bap- 
tized at  Wakefield  by  Rev.  J.  Harvey,  in  1842.     In 


IIAILE 


486 


HALL 


1852  tlie  fuiiiily  reinovcil  to  tliis  country,  sottlinj^  at 
Pavilion,  in  tlie  northern  part  of  tlie  State.  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Pavilion  church  in  1852, 
and  began  his  pastorate  over  it  in  January,  1853, 
beini;;  ordained  in  November  of  t'lat  year.  His 
subsequent  pastorates  were  at  Chillicotbe,  Bristol, 
AVoodstoclv,  Mendota,  and  (ialesburj;,  in  Illinois.  In 
August,  I8ti2,  -Mr.  Ilaigli  entered  the  army  as  chap- 
lain of  the  30th  Kcginient  111.  Infantry,  continuinj; 
in  that  service  until  November,  1864.  A  year  was 
then  given  to  the  service  of  the  Baptist  Union  for 
Theological  Education  as  agent  for  the  seminary. 
In  1877,  wliilc  pastor  at  (lalesburg,  having  been 
tonderoil  the  appointment  of  district  secretary  of 
the  Home  Mission  Society  for  Illinois,  Iowa,  AVis- 
consin,  and  Minnesota,  he  accepted  the  service,  and 
is  still  prosecuting  it  with  marked  ability  and  suc- 
cess. His  field  has  since  been  extended  so  as  to 
include  Nebraska,  Dakota,  and  Kansas,  a  vast  ter- 
ritory, which  ho  nevertheless  succeeds  in  reaching 
with  measures  promotive  of  missionary  work. 

Dr.  Haigh  has  rendered  important  service  in 
writings  for  the  press.  His  "  Letters  to  Young 
Converts,"'  and  his  "  Spiritual  Life,"  first  publisheii 
in  the  Baptist  ])aper  at  Chicago,  have  had  a  con- 
siderable additional  circulation  in  more  permanent 
forms. 

Haile,  Judge  Levi,  was  born  in  Warren,  II.  I., 
and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1821.  Having  studied  law,  he  practised  his  pro- 
fession in  his  native  town.  From  1835  to  the  close 
of  his  life  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  iSupreme 
Court  of  Rhode  Island.  For  many  years  Judge 
Haile  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Warren.     He  died  July  14,  1854. 

Haldeman,  Rev.  Isaac  Massey,  was  born  at 
Concordvillc,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  13,  1845. 
He  removed  with  his  father  in  1852  to  West  Ches- 
ter, Pa.,  where  he  received  a  thorough  academic 
education.  From  the  age  of  nineteen  to  twenty- 
five  he  was  engaged  in  business  with  his  father. 
He  was  converted  in  1866,  and  baptized  by  the 
Rev.  J.  A.  Trickett  into  the  fellowship  of  the  AVest 
Chester  church.  From  his  conversion  he  was  im- 
pressed with  the  conviction  that  it  was  his  dutv  to 
preach,  to  which  service  his  mother  had  from  his 
infancy  devoted  him.  His  fatlier  designed  him  for 
business,  but  his  own  tastes  were  literary.  He  de- 
voted his  leisure  hours  to  a  course  of  study  em- 
bracing the  English  classics  and  the  ancient  and 
modern  languages,  and  he  wrote  for  the  magazines. 
Pursued  by  the  "Woe  is  unto  me  if  I  preach  not 
the  gospel,"  he  resolved  to  give  himself  to  the  min- 
istry. He  accepted  the  invitation  of  his  pastor  to 
preach  during  a  revival,  which  lasted  for  thirty 
consecutive  nights.  He  proclaimed  also  the  gospel 
in  other  churches.  He  was  called  in  April.  1871, 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Brandywine  Baptist  cluircb, 


Delaware  Co.,  in  which  he  was  ordained.  Having 
remained  there  four  years,  preached  to  crowded 
houses,  and  baptized  over  200  persons,  he  became 
pastor  of  the   Delaware   Avenue  Baptist  church. 


REV.    ISA.\C     MASSEV     HALDEMAN. 

Wilmington,  Del.,  in  April,  1875.  Here  again  the 
house  was  tlmmgcd.  Meetings  held  in  the  fall  and 
winter  resulted  in  the  quickening  of  the  memliers 
and  in  the  addition  of  400  to  the  church.  The 
baptisms  have  since  reached  800,  and  the  member- 
ship over  1000.  "  As  a  speaker,"  says  an  intimate 
friend,  "  he  is  exceeding  rich  in  imagery,  clothing 
his  ideas  .as  they  flow  from  a  fountain  of  clear  and 
logical  thought  with  choice  words  and  fitting  met- 
aphors.    He  always  speaks  e-xtcmpore." 

Hale,  Eev.  William,  an  early  minister  in  Mis- 
sissippi, whose  laliors  laid  the  foundation  of  many 
of  the  churches  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State, 
was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1801 ,  and  liegan  to  preach 
in  his  nineteenth  year  ;  came  to  Mississippi  in  1835. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  native  abilities,  and  with 
his  co-laborer,  Martin  Bull,  abounded  in  evangel- 
istic labors.  He  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Chickasaw  Association,  which  has  since  grown  into 
four  large  Associations,  viz.,  Aberdeen,  Judson, 
Ti|ipab,  anil  Tishamingo.      He  died  Sept.  21,  1855. 

Hall,  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Swanzey, 
N.  II.,  May  21,  l.SI)5.  He  was  religiously  edu- 
cated by  his  parents,  and  in  1816  was  baptized  at 
Colerain.  Mass.,  by  Rev.  George  Witherell. 

His  education  was  obtained  in  part  at  the  acad- 
emy in  Ashfield,  Mass.,  and  at  Brattleborough, 
Vt.     But  having  prosecuted  the  studios  of  the  col- 


HALL 


487 


HALL 


lege  course  as  opportunity  pcniiitted,  he  was  ad- 
mitted in  1847,  by  Madison  University,  to  tlie  de-. 
gree  of  Master  of  Arts,  and  in  1854  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  hy 
Shurtleff  College. 

In  1827  he  entered  the  Newton  Theological  Insti- 
tution, and  finished  the  course  of  study  in  1830.  He 
was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  Feb.  'A,  IS.'Jl, 
in  Westford,  Vt.  In  his  joint  pastorate  of  the  West- 
ford  and  Fairfax  churches  he  was  greatly  blessed, 
and  large  accessions  were  made  to  their  numbers. 

In  the  spring  of  1832  he  accepteil  the  charge 
of  tlie  First  Baptist  church  iu  Bennington,  Vt. 
During  this  pastorate  the  church  was  greatly 
strengthened,  and  a  flourishing  Baptist  Academy, 
originated  by  him,  was  established  at  Bennington, 
which  for  some  years  e.\erted  a  wide  influence, 
in  promoting  the  cause  of  Christian  education  in 
that  vicinity. 

In  the  spring  of  183.i  he  removed  to  ^lichigan, 
and  settled  at  Kalamazoo.  Here,  i;i  the  following 
winter,  under  his  labors  was  organized  the  First 
Baptist  church,  which  he  served  as  pastor  till  the 
close  of  the  year  1842. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  at  Kalamazoo  he  learned 
that  the  Michigan  and  Huron  Institute,  which 
had  been  brought  into  corporate  existence  chiefly 
through  the  efforts  of  Rev.  T.  W.  Merrill,  was  seek- 
ing a  home  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and 
that  strong  inducements  were  offered  to  locate  it 
about  six  miles  east  of  Kalamazoo.  Believing  that 
it  should  be  established  in  the  town  of  Kalamazoo, 
he  assumed  such  pecuniary  obligations  in  the  pur- 
chase of  land  for  its  site  as  induced  the  trustees  to 
locate  what  is  now  Kalamazoo  College  at  that  town. 
The  unredeemed  jiledges  of  others,  and  the  finan- 
cial depression  which  soon  came  on,  caused  him 
great  embarrassment  and  loss. 

Early  in  1843  he  became  pastor  of  the  churcli 
in  Akron,  0.,  and  in  1845  ho  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  Norwalk,  0.,  with  special  reference  to 
tlie  founding  of  the  Norwalk  Institute,  a  flourish- 
ing Baptist  Seminary,  over  which  ho  presiiled 
five  years.  Though  greatly  prospered  in  this  work, 
he  resigned  it  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Granville,  0. 

In  1853  he  was  elected  president  of  Granville  Col- 
lege. Soon  after  he  entered  upon  hisdutiesthename 
of  the  college  was  changed  to  Denison  University, 
and  a  new  site  was  selected  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  village  of  Granville,  handsome  buildings  were 
erected,  a  valuable  library  was  procured,  and  ad- 
ditions were  made  to  the  faculty.  He  was  subse- 
quently pastor  of  the  Tabornivcle  church  in  Kala- 
mazoo, and  of  the  churches  in  Chillicothe,  ^lo..  and 
Shell  Rock,  Iowa.  For  the  last  few  years  he  has 
resided  in  Fort  Huron.  Mich.  He  has  two  sons  in 
the  ministrv. 


Hall,  Rev.  John  P.,  was  a  brother  of  Rev. 
Wm.  S.  Hall.  Both  these  brothers  left  their  im- 
press upon  the  denomination  in  Pennsylvania. 
Jolin  labored  extensively  and  for  many  years  in 
the  eastern  portion  of  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
consistent  life  won  him  many  friends.  His  latter 
years  were  spent  in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Mount 
Moriah  church,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  and  the  Nixon 
Street  church,  Alleghany  City,  Pa.  After  a  very 
short  illness  he  fell  asleep  in  Christ,  and  his  de- 
parture cast  a  deep  gloom  over  the  entire  church. 

Hall,  Rev.  Robert,  of  Arnsby,  England,  was 
born  April  15,  172S,  old  style;  his  birthplace  was 
Black-IIeddon,  about  twelve  miles  from  Newc;istle. 
His  father  was  an  Episcopalian  and  his  mother  a 
Presbyterian.  The  death  of  his  father  when  he 
was  a  child  removed  him  from  his  mother's  care  to 
the  guardianship  of  an  uncle.  AV'ith  his  family  he 
attended  the  ministry  of  an  Arminian,  whose  teach- 
ings filled  him  with  great  distress  without  pointing 
him  to  the  blood  of  atonement.  His  convictions 
were  deepened  by  other  causes,  until,  at  twelve 
years  of  age.  the  lad  was  filled  with  "  black  despair, 
accompanied  by  horrid  temptations,  and  by  blas- 
phemies which  ought  not  to  be  uttered.'  And 
this  unhappy  state  continued  for  more  than  seven 
years.  For  some  time  he  thought  that  God  would 
have  been  unholy  to  have  saved  him.  Then  he 
imagined  that  if  he  could  live  without  sin  there 
might  be  some  hope  for  him.  To  secure  this  object 
ho  made  a  covenant  with  God,  which  was  written 
with  his  own  blood,  agreeing  to  be  lost  eternally 
if  he  ever  sinned  again.  This  compact  of  course 
was  soon  broken,  and  he  supposed  now  that  his 
destruction  was  irrevocable.  After  some  calculations 
he  concluded  that  as  his  sins  in  a  little  while  would 
soon  exceed  the  crime  of  self-murder,  he  would 
commit  suicide.  He  appointed  a  time  to  execute 
this  design,  but  concluded  that  he  would  first  look 
at  the  Bible,  and  as  he  opened  it  liis  eyes  fell  on 
the  words,  "  Come,  now,  and  let  us  reason  to- 
gether, saith  the  Lord :  though  your  sins  be  a» 
scarlet,  they  shall  be  as  white  as  snow  ;  though 
they  be  red  like  crimson,  they  shall  be  as  wool."' 
These  words  destroyed  his  plan  to  kill  himself, 
though  they  gave  him  no  solid  hope.  At  another 
time  as  he  was  reading  in  the  New  Testament  the 
words  arrested  him,  '"  God  sent  forth  his  Son,  made 
of  a  woman,  made  under  the  Jaw  to  redeem  them 
f/iat  were  under  the  law.''  Immediately  this  thought 
impressed  liiTn,  ''Christ  was  made  under  the  law: 
then  he  was  not  under  it  originally  ;  for  what  end 
was  he  made  under  the  law  ?  to  redeem  them  that 
were  under  the  law ;  were  under  the  law  !  then  they 
are  not  under  the  laic  now,  but  redeemed.  There 
is,  therefore,  a  wav  of  redemption  for  sinners  from 
the  curse  of  the  law  by  which  it  is  possible  even  I 
may  be  saved;"   and  in   a  little   time  he  soon  put 


HALL 


488 


HALL 


his  entire  trust  in  the  Saviour ;  nnd  ever  after  be- 
came valiant  for  the  trutli,  and  especially  for  the 
truth  as  Paul  revealed  it,  and  as  Jolin  Calvin  ex- 
pounded it. 

Mr.  Hall's  brother  Christopher  joined  the  Bap- 
tists, much  to  his  indignation,  for  he  regarded  them 
with  aversion.  lie  and  some  friends  had  a  dis- 
cussion witli  a  Baptist  minister,  in  which  they  were 
silenced  but  not  convinced  ;  but  on  further  exami- 
nation Mr.  Hall  fully  received  believer's  baptism, 
and  nice  an  honest  man,  and  like  so  many  other 
intelligent  Pedobaptists,  he  came  out  publicly,  and 
was  baptized  Jan.  5,  1752.  The  next  year  Mr. 
Hall  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Arnsby  on  a 
salary  which  seldom  amounted  to  £15  a  year.  His 
family  increased  fast,  until  he  was  the  father  of 
fourteen  children;  and  ))y  the  force  of  self-denial 
and  the  plans  and  cares  of  a  good  wife,  he  kept  out 
of  debt. 

For  a  time  after  his  settlement  he  was  greatly 
troubled  about  his  call  to  the  ministry.  One  Sun- 
day morning  he  came  to  tell  the  church  that  lie 
could  not  preach.  An  aged  brother  asked  him  to 
enter  the  pulpit  and  pray,  and  if  he  obtained  help 
then  he  could  preach,  and  if  not  they  would  unite 
in  prayer  for  him.  He  took  the  advice  and  soon 
found  a  text  and  a  sermon.  That  season  of  prayer 
gave  the  death-blow  to  doubts  about  his  call  to 
preach. 

He  was  blessed  in  winning  many  souls  to  Jesus 
Christ,  in  setting  forth  the  glorious  gospel  in  be- 
coming and  in  he.iven-given  thoughts  and  words ; 
and  he  was  successful  in  leading  a  life  of  untar- 
nished loyalty  to  his  divine  Master.  His  minister- 
ing brethren  loved  him,  his  church  with  which  he 
labored  for  thirty-eight  years  was  devoted  to  him, 
and  even  the  ungodly  regarded  Mr.  Hall  with  rev- 
erence. 

He  had  a  penetrating  and  clear  mind,  and  a 
heart  often  overflowing  with  the  love  of  .Jesus. 
These  qualities  are  strikingly  exhibited  in  his  little 
work,  "  Help  to  Zion's  Travellers,"  which  has  had 
a  wide  circulation  in  Europe  and  America,  and 
which  has  rendered  great  service  to  the  children  of 
God.  Mr.  Hall  was  an  able  and  honored  servant 
of  the  king  of  Zion.  lie  died  suddenly,  March  13, 
1791.  His  son,  the  celebrated  Robert  Hall,  difiered 
widely  from  the  doctrines  of  his  father,  and  obtained 
a  distinguished  reputation  for  eloquence. 

Hall,  Rev.  Robert,  of  Leicester,  England,  was 
born  at  Arnsby,  near  Leicester,  May  2,  1704.  He 
was  the  youngest  of  fourteen  children,  and  when 
two  years  old  he  could  neither  speak  nor  walk. 
He  learned  to  read  through  the  efforts  of  an  intel- 
ligent nurse,  who  took  him  for  air  and  exercise  to 
a  small  cemetery  near  his  father's  residence.  From 
its  grave-stones  she  taught  him  the  alphabet,  spell- 
ing, and  reading.     Before  he  was  nine  years  old 


he  had  become  familiar  with  Jonathan  Edwards  on 
"The  Freedom  of  the  Will,"  and  on  "The  Re- 
ligious Affections,"  and  with  Butler's  "  .Vnah'gy." 
During  his  whole  life  Edwards  was  a  favorite  with 
him.  Before  he  was  ten  years  of  age  he  had  writ- 
ten many  essays  on  religious  subjects.  When  he 
was  eleven  his  teacher,  Mr.  Simmons,  dismissed 
him  from  his  school  because  he  was  farther  ad- 
vanced in  education  than  his  instructor.  Mr.  Sim- 
mons, while  young  Hall  was  his  pu[iil,  had  fre- 
quently to  spend  the  night  in  preparation  to  keep 
up  with  him,  and  to  relieve  himself  from  this 
trouble  Robert  Hall  was  compelled  to  leave  his 
school. 

In  his  fifteenth  year  he  entered  Bristol  College 
to  study  for  the  ministry.  Here  his  progress  was 
equally  remarkable,  and  speedily  inspired  the 
brightest  hopes  for  his  future  usefulness.  During 
his  first  summer  vacation  he  preached  atClipstone, 
in  Northamptonshire,  before  his  father  and  a  num- 
ber of  ministers.  His  text  was,  "God  is  light,  and 
in  him  is  no  darkness."  The  .service  was  one  of 
peculiar  trial  to  him,  and  from  which  he  earnestly 
begged  to  be  relieved.  Never  till  then  had  he  as- 
sumed the  responsibility  of  a  preacher.  But  the 
effort  was  a  success,  and  congratulations  were 
showered  upon  him. 

According  to  custom,  while  at  Bristol  ho  was 
required  to  give  an  address  in  the  vestry  of  Broad- 
mead  church  before  his  instructors  and  fellow-stu- 
dents. Its  commencement  was  brilliant,  but  his 
nervousness  overcame  him,  and  "covering  his  face 
in  an  agony  of  shame,  he  exclaimed,  '  Oh  !  I  have 
lost  all  my  ideas.'  "  He  was  appointed  again  to 
deliver  the  same  address  the  next  week,  and  a  sec- 
ond time  he  made  a  worse  failure  than  the  first. 
Robert  Hall  was  extremely  sensitive,  and  these 
discouragements,  while  intensely  mortifying,  only 
summoned  up  or  called  down  greater  strength  for 
the  next  trial,  through  wliich  when  it  came  he 
passed  with  Bying  colors. 

After  studying  three  years  at  Bristol  he  went,  in 
1781,  to  King's  College,  Aberdeen,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years.  He  pursued  his  studies  in 
Greek  and  Latin,  in  philosophy  and  mathematics, 
with  wonderful  success.  He  was  the  first  .■student 
in  each  of  his  classes,  and  the  most  distinguished 
young  man  in  the  college.  AVliile  in  Aberdeen 
Mr.  Hall  became  ac(iuainted  with  the  celebrated 
Sir  James  Mackintosh,  then  a  student  in  the  same 
institution,  and  a  young  man  of  rare  intellectual 
endowments.  They  discussed  all  important  philo- 
sophical questions  together  on  the  sea-shore,  or  on 
the  banks  of  the  Don  above  the  old  town  ;  they  sat 
together  in  the  class-ronm  ;  they  read  Xeiiophon, 
Herodotus,  and  Plato  together;  and  as  their  pur- 
suits and  friendships  were  well  known,  it  was 
common  for  the  students  to  say  when  Hall  and 


HALL 


489 


HALL 


Mackintosh  were  seen  together,  "  There  go  Plato 

and  Herodotus.''     The  regard  that  sprung  up  be- 
tween them  in  Aberdeen  lasted  until  death. 

Immediately  after  leaving  Aberdeen  Mr.  Hall 
became  assistant  to  Dr.  Caleb  Evans,  then  pastor 
of  Broadmead  church,  Bristol.  The  preaching  of 
Mr.  Hall  speedily  attracted  very  large  congrega- 
tions and  an  unusual  amount  of  interest.  JIany 
of  the  leading  men  of  Bristol,  and  quite  a  number 
of  Episcopal  clergymen,  were  occasionally  among 
ids  hearers.  His  position,  however,  in  the  church, 
owing  to  misunderstandings  between  Dr.  Evans 
and  himself,  and  suspicions  that  the  eloquent  young 
preacher  was  not  quite  orthodox,  l)ecaiiie  uncom- 
foi'taljle,  and  in  1791  he  accepted  a  call  to  succeed 
tlie  learned  and  erratic  Robert  Robinson  as  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Cambridge.  In  that  city,  famous 
for  its  Episcopal  university,  Mr.  Hall  soon  acquired 
the  reputation  of  being  the  most  finished  scholar 
and  eloquent  preacher  in  the  British  Islands.  His 
"  A]iology  fur  the  Freedom  of  the  Press,"'  published 
in  1793,  made  him  troops  of  friends  and  exhibited 
talents  of  the  highest  order.  In  ISOl,  Mr.  Hall 
published  a  sermon  on  "Modern  Infidelity,"  which 
carried  his  fame  into  every  circle  of  society,  and 
elicited  the  admiration  and  gratitude  of  the  friends 
of  Jesus  throughout  Great  Britain.  Dr.  Gregory, 
his  biographer,  says,  "  The  most  distinguished 
i]\embers  of  the  university  were  loud  in  his  praises  ; 
numerous  passages  of  the  sermon  that  were  pro- 
found in  reasoning,  or  touching  and  beautiful  in 
expression,  were  read  and  eulogized  in  every  col- 
lege (there  are  seventeen  colleges  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge)  and  in  almost  every  company  ;"  and 
all  over  the  land  it  was  commended  in  reviews, 
periodicals,  newspapers,  and  discourses.  From  this 
period  Mr.  Ilall  was  at  the  head  of  the  British 
pulpit;  he  was  spoken  of  as  "The  prince  of 
preachers,"  and  his  opinions  and  sayings  were 
treasured  up  and  quoted  as  if  they  had  been  the 
utterances  of  an  inspired  oracle.  When  his  next 
sermon  was  printed,  in  1803,  which  he  named 
*'  Sentiments  Proper  to  the  Present  Crisis,"  it  was 
received  all  over  the  country  with  enthusiasm  ;  and 
even  England's  great  prime  minister,  perhaps  her 
greatest,  AVilliam  Pitt,  declared  that  '•  the  last  ten 
pages  were  fully  equal  in  genuine  eloquence  to  any 
passage  of  the  same  length  that  could  be  selected 
from  either  ancient  or  modern  orators."  Ilis  sub- 
sequent publications  confirmed  the  splendor  of  his 
reputation.  At  Cambridge  his  intellect  gave  way 
twice  for  short  periods  from  nervous  prostration, 
but  his  recovery  was  perfect.  He  spent  fifteen 
years  at  Cambridge  and  nearly  twenty  at  Leicester, 
and  then  returned  to  Bristol  in  1825,  and  entered 
the  heavenly  Canaan  Feb.  21,  1831.  His  success 
in  Leicester  and  Bristol  was  quite  equal  to  his 
usefulness  in  Cambridge.  He  was  the  greatest 
32 


preacher  that  ever  used  the  English  tongue,  and 
his  works  will  be  read  while  the  language  of  Britain 
is  spoken.  They  were  first  published  in  six  vol- 
umes, in  1833,  and  they  have  passed  through  eleven 
editions  up  till  1853. 

Mr.  Hall  never  read  his  sermons,  and  very  seldom 
wrote  them  entire.  lie  studied  titera  with  the 
greatest  care,  though  his  use  of  paper  was  exceed- 
ingly limited. 

He  was  the  victim  of  a  painful  disease  from  boy- 
hood till  death.  Ilis  brothers  had  frequently  to 
carry  him  part  of  the  way  to  and  from  school  ;  he 
was  often  in  mature  years  compelled  to  lie  down 
on  his  back  on  the  floor  to  gain  relief  from  his  an- 
guish. For  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  unable 
to  pass  a  whole  night  in  bed.  He  carried  with  him 
continually  "an  internal  apparatus  of  torture,'' 
ready  for  work  any  moment,  and  certain  not  to  be 
idle  for  any  considerable  time  ;  and  yet  when  free 
from  pain  he  was  one  of  the  happiest  of  men. 

At  thirty-three  years  of  age  he  was  "  a  well- 
proportioned,  athletic  man,  with  a  deportment  of 
unassuming  dignity,  with  winning  frankness  in  all 
that  he  uttered,  and  with  a  speaking  countenance 
animated  by  eyes  radiating  with  the  brilliancy  im- 
parted to  them  by  benevolence,  wit,  and  intellectual 
energy."  "  His  mind  was  ei|ually  distinguished 
by  power  and  symmetry,  where  each  single  faculty 
is  of  imposing  dimensions  and  none  out  of  propur- 
tion  to  the  rest.  His  intellect  was  eminently  acute 
and  comprehensive;  his  imagination  prompt,  vivid, 
and  aflluent."  He  had  the  readiest  command  of 
the  most  appropriate  language  and  beautiful 
imagery  ever  given  to  a  mortal.  His  reading  was 
enormous,  from  sis  to  eight  hours  a  day  he  often 
spent  at  it,  and  it  ran  over  the  Greek  and  Latin 
poets,  orators,  historians,  and  philosophers ;  the 
early  Christian  fathers,  the  Reformers,  the  Puri- 
tans, and  Episcopalians  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  more  modern  theologians.  French  and  English. 
Xor  was  there  any  branch  of  literature  with  which 
he  had  not  a  remarkable  acquaintance. 

His  piety  was  deep  and  abiding.  Soon  after  his 
first  attack  of  mental  aberration  he  felt  in  himself 
the  most  extensive  change  in  his  relations  to  .Jesus. 
His  heart  became  the  Saviour's  more  unreservedly 
than  ever ;  his  habits  were  more  devotional  than 
they  had  been  previously,  and  his  spiritual  exer- 
cises more  fervent  and  more  elevated.  The  light 
of  God's  countenance  followed  him,  and  the  peace 
of  God  was  continually  with  him,  and  when  he 
came  to  die,  though  his  was  a  death  of  extreme 
physical  pain,  his  faith  was  triumphant,  and  strong 
in  the  Lord  he  passed  away  joyfully  to  his  eternal 
home. 

He  held  Arminian  views  of  the  atonement,  and 
in  a  measure  of  some  of  the  other  doctrines  of 
grace,  and  he  spoke  scornfully  of  the  works  of  Dr. 


HALL 


490 


HALTEMAX 


Gill,  11  writer  who  knew  immensely  more  of  the 
languages  and  teachings  of  the  ISihle  than  himself; 
he  believed  that  unhaiiti/.od  persons  might  come  to 
the  Lord's  tahlc.  He  had  other  peculiarities  of 
doctrine  as  unscriptural  as  those  just  named.  But 
while  we  discard  his  errors  without  hesitation,  not- 
withstanding the  authority  of  his  great  name,  and 
in  disregard  of  the  sublimest  eloquence  by  which 
false  doctrine  was  ever  commended  to  human  con- 
sciences, we  rejoice  in  the  mighty  preacher  of  Cam- 
bridge, Leicester,  and  Bristol  as  an  illustrious  ser- 
vant of  king  Jesus. 

Hall,  Rev.  Robert  S.,  a  leading  Baptist  preacher 
and  educator  in  Northwestern  Louisiana,  was  born 
in  Ireland,  in  1825,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  who 
devoted  much  time  to  his  religious  culture.  Being 
designed  for  the  ministry,  he  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation at  Queen's  Coltege,  Belfast.  lie  emigrated 
to  the  United  States,  and  engaged  in  teaching.  He 
united  with  the  Baptists,  and  in  1852  settled  in 
Caddo  Parish,  La.  He  began  to  preach  in  1867, 
and  from  his  talents  and  learning  at  once  became 
a  man  of  mai'k.     He  died  much  regretted  in  1873. 

Hall,  Rev.  'Wm.  S.,  was  born  of  (Quaker  parent- 
age, in  Blockley,  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Nov.  27,  18U9, 
and  died  in  White  Deer  Valley,  June  8,  1867,  in  his 
fifty-eighth  year.  Converted  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  II.  Kennard,  D.D.,  and 
ordained  Oct.  4,  1829.  His  labors  were  spread 
over  Berks,  Schuylkill,  Lancaster,  Chester,  and  the 
Northumberland  region  as  a  mission-field,  and  as 
a  pastor  they  were  given  to  Frankford  and  Miles- 
town  in  Philadelphia,  Zanesville,  O.,  Ridley,  Pa., 
Phccnixville,  Pa.,  Laight  Street,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
North  church  in  Philadelphia. 

The  peculiarities  characterizing  Brother  Hall 
were  uncommon  energy,  surprising  fluency  in 
language,  suavity  of  manners,  and  great  firmness  in 
advocating  and  in  defending  unpopular  sentiments. 
This  led  him  to  strongly  press  the  claims  of  free 
missions,  and  the  revision  of  the  Bible.  To  his 
praise  let  it  be  said  that  in  the  hour  when  his  posi- 
tion was  deemed  the  very  height  of  folly,  he  never 
gave  up  his  principles,  even  at  the  period  of  his 
ministry  when  to  be  a  free  mission  or  Bible  Union 
advocate  was  to  invite  bitter  opposition.  His  record 
shows  that  he  baptized  2459  persons,  founded  9 
churches,  and  built  8  meeting-houses. 

Hallett,  Capt.  Benjamin,  was  bom  in  Barn- 
stable, Mass.,  Jan.  18,  1760.  He  saw  active  ser- 
vice, both  in  the  navy  and  the  army,  during  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  among  the  most  en- 
terprising merchants  of  his  time,  and  was  recog- 
nized as  a  man  of  rare  qualities.  For  nearly  sev- 
enty years  Capt.  Hallett  was  a  consistent  member 
of  a  Baptist  church.  We  .ire  told  that  "  when  he 
visited  Boston  he  was  hailed  with  a  welcome 
wherever  he  went,  whether  he  made  his  appear- 


ance on  the  exchange,  in  marts  of  trade,  or  in 
Dr.  Stillman's  vestry,  where  his  voice  was  often 
heard.  "  He  exerted  his  influence,  and  most  suc- 
cessfully, in  the  Bethel,  and  stirred  up  the  hearts 
of  his  Christian  friends  in  Boston  to  labor  and  pray 
for  the  spiritual  good  of  seamen.  He  died  at  his 
residence  in  Barnstable,  Dec.  31,  1849,  in  the 
ninetieth  year  of  his  age. 

Halliburton,  Rev.  Henry,  an  eloquent  young 
Baptist  minister  of  Northern  Arkansas,  was  born 
in  Tennessee  in  1845.  He  began  to  preach  in 
1873,  and  developed  rare  abilities  as  an  evan- 
gelist. At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1877,  he  was 
a  missionary  in  the  White  River  region. 

Halliburton,  Col.  W.  H.,  is  a  distinguished 
lawyer  at  Do  Witt,  Ark.,  who  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  work  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
the  State  for  a  number  of  j-ears.  He  was  burn  in 
Tennessee  in  1815.  He  has  never  sought  public 
position,  but  has  filled  several  offices  of  trust  with 
great  credit  to  himself.  During  the  war  he  was 
Confederate  States  marshal,  and  has  always  been 
eflicient  in  church  work. 

Halteman,  Rev.  David  Emory,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Delavan,  Wis.,  is  a  native 
of  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he  was  born  Aug. 
28,  1834.     His  ancestors  in  the  paternal  line  were 


REV.  D.\VID    EMORY    H.\LTEMAN. 

German  Mennonites.  The  family  came  to  America 
from  Germany  in  1698,  and  settled  :»t  German- 
town,  Pa.  This  old  town  was  the  birthplace  of 
three  successive  generations  of  the  family.  His 
mother  was  Scotch  by  birth,  although  her  parents 


HALTEMAN 


491 


HAMBERLIX 


emigrateil  to  America  wlien  slip  was  a  child.  AVhen 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  four  years  old  his 
father  removed  to  Ohio  and  settled  at  Dayton,  which 
became  subsequently  his  home.  Mr.  Halteman's 
earliest  religious  instruction  came  from  his  godly 
Presbyterian  mother.  He  attended  the  .Sunday- 
school  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Dayton.  0. 
At  twelve  years  of  age  he  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Dayton. 

When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was  licensed  by 
the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member  to  preach 
the  gospel.  He  was  educated  at  Granville  College 
(now  Denison  University)  and  Rochester  Uni- 
versity. He  was  formally  set  apart  to  the  work 
of  the  Christian  ministry  by  a  council  called  by 
the  Baptist  church  in  Bloomfield,  111.,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1.S.57.  This  church  he  suppilied  six  months. 
Having  received  an  invitation  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Marengo,  HI.,  he  entered 
upon  his  labors  there  in  -July,  iN.'jS,  and  continued 
in  this  relation  eleven  years.  The  church  was 
small  in  numbers,  and  during  his  pastorate  of 
eleven  years  it  grew  to  be  the  largest  in  the  As- 
sociation, the  membership  being  over  400  when 
he  closed  his  labors  there.  The  meeting-house 
and  parsonage  were  built  during  his  pastorate. 
Frequent  revivals,  in  two  instances  of  great  power, 
blessed  his  ministry.  In  July,  1869,  Mr.  Ilalte- 
man  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Delavan,  Wis.,  one  of  the  most 
important  churches  in  the  State.  He  began  his 
ministry  there  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year, 
and  has  continued  it  with  fidelity  and  success  up 
to  the  present  time.  Though  it  is  of  twenty-three 
years'  duration  it  has  been  confined  to  two  fields, 
and  the  results  abundantly  show  the  advantage  of 
faithful  labor  in  a  prolonged  term  of  pastoral  ser- 
vice. He  has  frequently  been  tempted  by  calls 
to  other  important  fields,  but  has  uniformly  de- 
clined til  consider  them,  feeling  that,  as  a  rule, 
the  more  permanent  the  pastoral  relation  the 
better  is  the  cause  of  Christ  served.  He  has  been 
an  in<lefatigable  worker  in  the  study,  in  visits 
among  his  people,  and  in  the  State.  During  his 
ministry  he  has  preached  4120  times,  including 
sermons  at  Conventions,  Associations,  councils, 
dedications,  and  funerals.  He  has  received  856 
members  into  the  two  churches  of  which  he  has 
been  pastor,  50.5  of  whom  were  baptized  Vjy  him  ; 
adding  180  persons  baptized  into  other  churches, 
he  has  immersed  altogether  085  persons.  His 
ministry  builds  up  the  churches  strong  doctrinally, 
develops  generous  habits  of  benevolence,  and  es- 
tablishes the  members  in  spiritual  life  and  power. 
Just  now  his  church  is  erecting  a  fine  house  of 
worship. 

For   eight  successive   years  Mr.  Ilaltcman  has 


been  the  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Ba|itist  State 
Convention,  and  an  active  member  of  its  board. 
As  a  presiding  officer  of  a  deliberative  body  he  has 
few  superiors,  displaying  rare  tact,  impartiality, 
and  familiarity  with  parliamentary  law.  At  the 
dedication  of  meeting-houses  his  services  have  been 
in  frequent  requisition. 

During  the  war  he  served  as  chaplain  of  tb. 
15th  Regiment  111.  Volunteers  one  year,  but  his 
pastoral  relation  was  not  disturbed  while  he  was 
absent. 

Frank,  open-hearted,  generous  to  a  fault,  he  has 
fulfilled  in  a  high  degree  the  promise  with  which 
he  began  his  ministry.  He  has  for  many  years 
taken  a  leading  part  in  the  denominational  work 
of  the  State.  If  personal  qualities,  acquired  knowl- 
edge, large  experience,  purity  of  aim  and  life,  are 
of  any  value  in  the  ministry,  our  lirother  is  fitted 
to  do  the  best  work  of  his  life  in  years  vet  to  come. 

Ham,  Rev.  Mordecai  F.,  a  prominent  and 
useful  minister  in  .Southern  Kentucky,  was  born  in 
Allen  County  of  that  State,  April  30,  1816.  He 
united  with  Trammels  Fork  Baptist  church,  in 
his  neighborhood,  in  April,  1838  ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1842,  and  ordained  in  1843.  at  which 
time  he  became  pastor  of  Bethlehem,  the  oldest  and 
largest  church  in  his  county,  and  has  continued  to 
serve  in  that  capacity  to  the  present  time.  He  has 
preached  statedly  to  four  churches,  and.  on  accoun 
of  the  scarcity  of  preachers  in  his  region,  has  some- 
times supplied  as  many  as  six.  He  has  received 
into  the  churches  he  has  served  over  2000  members, 
by  experience  and  baptism.  Mr.  Ham  has  per- 
formed considerable  missionary  labor,  and  has, 
with  the  assistance  of  his  co-laborers,  formed  sev- 
er.al  new  churches.  For  some  years  he  has  been 
collecting  at  his  own  expense  a  library  for  the  use 
of  young  ministers  in  his  locality.  He  has  ex- 
pended several  hundred  dollars  in  this  enterprise, 
and  has  commenced  the  formation  of  a  valualile 
library,  especially  rich  in  the  subject  of  Baptist 
history.  He  has  been  eighteen  years  moderator 
of  Bays  Fork  Association.  His  only  son.  Rev. 
Tobias  Ham,  is  a  young  preacher  of  excellent 
promise. 

Hamberlin,  Rev.  John  B.,  pastor  at  Vicks- 
burg.  Miss.,  a  descendant  of  Deacon  Wm.  Ham- 
berlin, who  accompanied  Richard  Curtis  and  his 
company  of  Baptists  to  Mississippi  in  1780  ;  grad- 
uated at  Mississippi  College  with  the  first  bono 
of  his  class  in  1856.  and  at  Rochester  Theologies 
Seminary.  N.  Y.,  in  1858  :  pastor  at  Clinton  and 
Raymond,  Miss.,  from  1858  to  1862;  two  years 
chaplain  in  Confederate  army,  during  the  rest  of 
the  war  was  State  superintendent  of  army  missions. 
After  the  war  he  established  Meridian  Female  Col- 
lege, and  sujiplied  Meridian  and  several  surround- 
ing churches,  and  edited  The  Christian   Watchman 


HAMILTON 


492 


HAND 


and  College  Mirror.  This  excessive  labor  impaired 
his  licalth,  and  he  retired  to  the  Gulf  coast.  Here 
he  be^^iin  a  missionary  worli  that  resulted  in  the 
establisliMient  of  ei;;ht  churches  on  the  line  of  the 
New  Orleans  and  Mobile  Railroad,  and  the  Gulf 
Co.ist  Association.  lie  became  pastor  at  A'^ieks- 
burj;  in  ISSO. 

Hamilton,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Ire- 
land ;  bis  (larents  wito  Scutcli-Irish  ;  educated  at 
the  Koyal  Colleije,  Helfa^t,  for  the  Presbyterian 
ministry,  be  embraced  Baptist  sentiments  and 
united  with  that  denomination  in  1845;  was  em- 
ployed l)y  the  Irish  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Enj^lish  Baptists,  and  labored  at  Conlig,  Ban- 
bridge,  and  Belfast.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  through  the  influence  of  Spencer  II.  Cone, 
D.I).,  ami  Benjamin  M.  Hill,  D.D.,  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  Soon 
after  reaching  this  country  he  was  ordained  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in 
1851.  He  immediately  went  to  Wisconsin  as  the 
missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  where  he  has  served  in  the  Christian  min- 
istry until  the  present.  He  has  been  pastor  at 
Barton,  Appleton,  AValworth,  Eau  Claire,  and 
AVaukau,  spending  twenty-eight  years  with  these 
churches.  He  is  living  in  retirement  at  Ripon, 
Wis.     His  ministry  has  been  fruitful. 

Hamilton,  Rev.  Hiram,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1S2(),  in  Portage  Co.,  0.  ;  baptized  in  March,  1843, 
at  Napoleon,  Mich. ;  was  soon  after  licensed.  He 
studied  at  Madison  University,  and  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Michigan  in  1849.  In  1850  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  and  for  eight  years 
was  at  the  head  of  the  first  Protestant  female 
seminary  in  that  State.  In  1855  he  was  ordained, 
and  served  as  pastor  six  months  at  San  Josfe.  In 
1864  he  was  appointed  missionary  to  Idaho  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  ;  organ- 
ized a  church  and  built  a  meeting-house  at  Idaho 
City.  In  1SC6  he  built  a  house  at  Boi.se  City,  at  a 
cost  of  i?.3000,  taught  a  school,  and  was  chaplain  of 
the  first  Legislature.  He  collected  the  Benneau  and 
Shoshone  Indians,  and  preached  the  gospel  to  them. 
In  1869  he  returned  to  California,  located  in  the 
San  Joaquin  Valley,  began  missionary  work,  estab- 
lished a  church,  into  whose  membership  over  fifty 
were  soon  baptized.  His  life-work  is  that  of  an 
educator.  In  this  he  is  still  active ;  is  a  member  of 
the  San  Joaquin  board  of  education,  a  zealous 
Christian,  and  ever  re.ady  to  aid  in  advancing  the 
interests  of  the  denomination  in  California. 

Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  was  founded 
at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  May  1,  1S2U,  by  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Ilascall  as  teacher  in  Ancient  Languages, 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick  as  teacher  in 
Theology.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  as  early  as 
1816  Daniel  Ilascall  suggested  the  idea  of  a  literary 


and  theological  institute  to  Nathaniel  Kendrick. 
Out  of  this  institution  came  Madison  Universitv, 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and  Colgate  Acad- 
emy. See  these  articles  in  this  work,  and  also  ar- 
ticles D.vMEi.  IIasivi.i.  and  N.\thaniei,  Kendrick. 

Hancock,  B.  F.,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  Oct.  I'J,  ISUO,  and  he  died  Feb.  1,  1807. 
Two  sons  were  born  to  him, — John  Hilary,  and 
Winfield  Scott,  now  a  major-general  in  the  U.  S. 
army,  and  lately  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency  of 
the  United  States.  He  served  as  deacon  in  the  Nor- 
ristown  Baptist  church,  and  also  as  superintendent 
of  its  Sunday-school  for  several  years.  He  was 
a  constituent  member  of  the  Bridgeport  Baptist 
church,  and  served  as  deacon,  church  treasurer,  and 
clerk,  and  he  was  Sunday-school  superintendent 
until  his  death.  He  was  regarded  as  a  wise  coun- 
selor, a  conscientious,  diligent,  liberal,  and  faith- 
ful Christian.  He  loved  the  prayer-meeting,  was 
invariably  in  his  place,  always  prompt  in  taking 
part,  and  earnest  and  tender  in  urging  his  brethren 
to  work  for  their  blessed  Lord  and  Saviour.  Tears 
were  often  in  his  eyes  while  praying  or  speaking, 
or  listening  to  the  preaching  of  the  gospel.  At 
times,  when  pleading  for  his  children,  for  the  con- 
version ot  sinners,  and  for  the  prosperity  of  the 
church,  his  feelings  would  so  completely  overcome 
him  as  to  compel  an  abrupt  conclusion.  He  was 
not  only  uniformly  present  at  all  the  services  of  the 
sanctuary  and  Sabbath-school,  but  was  always  in 
time.  lie  was  honored  by  the  North  Philadelphia 
Association  with  several  successive  elections  as 
moderator. 

No  citizen  of  Norristown  ever  exerted  a  more  de- 
cided Christian  influence,  or  commanded  more 
general  respect.  The  Bridgeport  Baptist  church 
and  Sunday-school  are  feeling  the  blessed  influence 
of  his  counsels  and  prayers  to-day,  and  will  doubt- 
less continue  to  be  benefited  thereby  even  to  the 
end  of  time. 

Hand,  Rev.  George,  was  bom  at  Cape  May, 
N.  .J.,  Sept.  2,  1S21  ;  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  with  the  first  honor  in 
1849  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  AVest  Kensington 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  7,  1849 ;  was  pas- 
tor of  the  Hatborough  church.  Pa.,  for  ten  years, 
from  1852.  He  has  devoted  much  time  to  teach- 
ing, for  which  he  has  superior  qualifications,  Imt 
he  has  always  maintained  his  calling  as  a  preacher 
by  proclaiming  the  Word  of  life  on  the  Lord's  day. 

Mr.  Hand  is  a  scholar,  a  Christian,  and  a  faith- 
ful laborer  for  Jesus  in  the  seminary  and  in  the 
pulpit. 

Hand,  Rev.  Henry,  was  a  native  of  New  Jer- 
sey. He  was  converted  Oct.  23,  1783,  about  which 
time  he  moved  with  his  father  to  Georgia  from 
South  Carolina.  He  began  to  preach  first  as  an 
itinerant  minister,  but  afterwards  had  charge  of  a 


HANKS 


493 


UANNA 


number  of  churches.  lie  was  a  most  laborious  and 
zealous  preacher,  scattering  the  good  seed  of  the 
gospel,  on  both  sides  of  the  Savannah  River,  from 
Savannah  to  Augusta,  most  faithfully  and  earnestly, 
during  a  period  of  not  less  than  fifty  years,  from 
about  17S5  to  1S35.     lie  died  Jan.  9,  1S37. 

Hanks,  Rev.  Robert  Taylor,  was  born  April 
23,  1850;  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability  and 
of  enviable  reputation.  His  theological  education 
was  received  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  at  Greenville,  S.  C.  After  graduating 
he  took  charge  of  Barea  church,  near  Greenville, 
having  been  ordained  in  1871  at  Dalton.  In  1872 
he  went  to  Alabama,  and  entered  Howard  College, 
where  he  remained  some  time,  but  left  that  institu- 
tion to  enter  Richmond  College,  Va.,  in  1873, 
where  he  spent  three  years.  In  the  summer  of 
1875  he  preached  for  the  Petersburg  church,  in 
the  interim  between  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Hatcher 
and  the  settlement  of  Dr.  Eaton.  On  the  lath  of 
October,  1876,  he  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Dalton,  Ga.,  resigning  in  January,  1879,  to  as- 
sume the  pastorate  of  the  Albany  church,  where 
he  is  laboring  most  efficiently  at  present.  As  a 
preacher  be  is  pleasant  and  gracefi.l  in  manner, 
Hiient  in  utterance,  sound  in  his  presentation  of 
truth,  and,  at  the  same  time,  tender  and  pathetic. 
His  social  and  genial  disposition,  combined  with 
an  earnest  and  sincere  piety,  has  always  won  for 
him  the  affection,  confidence,  and  esteem  of  those 
among  whom  he  labors.  He  is  an  industrious 
worker,  and  fully  .abreast  of  the  times  in  all  the 
great  benevolent  schemes  of  the  day. 

Hanna,  Judge  William  Brantly,  was  born 
Nov.  23,  1835.  in  the  district  of  Soutliwark,  now 
within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  His 
parents  were,  and  still  are,  members  of  the  First 
church,  Philadelphia.  He  was  educated  at  both 
private  and  public  schools,  and  graduated  from  the 
Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia  in  .July,  1853, 
when  he  determined  upon  a  professional  life ;  he 
bi'gan  to  study  law  in  the  office  of  his  father,  John 
Uaniia,  Esq.  He  graduated  from  the  law  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
admitted  to  practise  Nov.  14,  1857.  He  was  sub- 
sequently appointed  an  assistant  to  the  district  a^ 
torncy  of  the  county,  and  remained  in  that  position 
between  two  and  three  years.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  to  the  common  council  of  the  city ;  was 
re-elected  in  1870,  and,  before  the  expiration  of 
the  term,  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  select  coun- 
cil. In  October,  1872,  he  was  sent  to  represent  the 
second  senatorial  district  of  the  city  in  the  con- 
vention that  then  assembled  to  revise  and  amend 
the  constitution  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
AVhile  serving  as  a  member  of  the  convention  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  select  council  for  the  term 
of  three  years  beginning  Jan.  1,  1874.     The  new 


constitution  having  been  ratified  by  the  vote  of 
the  people,  and  having  provided  for  the  establish- 
ment of  an  orphans'  court  in  the  city  and  county 
of  Philadelphia,  he  was  nominated  as  one  of  the 


JUDGE    WILLIAM    BRAXTLV    UANNA. 

three  judges  who  should  compose  the  court.  In 
Novemlier.  1874,  he  was  elected  for  the  term  of 
ten  years  beginning  Jan.  1,  1875,  and  he  luus  been 
commissioned  president  judge,  which  office  he  still 
holds. 

Judge  Hanna  is  a  member  of  the  First  church, 
Philadelphia,  having  been  baptized  A]iril  3,  1859. 
He  has  served  as  clerk  and  trustee,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent one  of  the  deacons  of  the  church.  He  is  also 
the  president  of  the  •■  Baptist  Orphanage  of  Phila- 
delphia"," and  a  member  of  the  board  of  m.nnagers 
of  the  ''American  Sunday-School  Union."  These 
varied  and  repeated  appointments  in  secular  and 
religious  affairs  are  a  fitting  testimony  to  his  marked 
ability,  his  sterling  uprightness,  and  his  exemplary 
Christian  character.  He  is  one  of  the  best  judges 
in  the  State. 

Hanna,  Rev.  Thomas  Alexander  Thomson, 
son  of  Thomas  Thomson  and  Matilda  (Carson) 
Hanna,  was  born  in  County  Dcrry,  Ireland,  Aug. 
6,  1842  ;  his  grandfather.  Surgeon  Thonms  Hanna, 
R.N.,  served  under  Nelson  ;  his  mother  is  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Alexander  Carson,  LL.D. ;  spent  his 
childhood  in  Glasgow,  Scotland  :  came  to  America 
at  the  age  of  seven  ;  converted  in  New  York  in  1858, 
and  liaptized  by  Rev.  Ira  R.  Stuanl  :  studied  eight 
years  in  Ilaniilton,  N.  Y. :  ordained  in  1866  as  first 
pastor  of  Central  Baptist  church,   Williamsburg, 


HANNAN 


494 


HANSON 


N.  Y.,  and  served  about  three  years  :  then  first  pas- 
tor of  Fifth  church  in  same  phice  more  than  four 
years  :  in  1874-75  traveled  in  Europe  and  the  East ; 
settled  in  Plantsville,  Conn.,  in  1875;  secretary  of 


REV.  TnOSHS    .\LE.X.\XDER    THOMSON    H.INNA. 

Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention  for  past  three 
years ;  has  written  small  commentary  for  Bible 
Union,  and  numerous  articles  for  leading  Baptist 
periodicals;  married, in  1S70.  Emily  Frances, daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Adiiniram  and  Emily  Jndson  ;  a  very 
scholarly  man  ;  a  student  in  several  languages. 

Hannan,  Rev.  Barton,  was  a  pioneer  preacher 
in  the  Mississippi  Territory,  who  sufifered  persecu- 
tion under  the  Spanish  rule.  IIo  was  imprisoned 
for  preaching  soon  after  the  government  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  Spaniards,  and  remained  several 
years  in  jail,  until  near  the  time  of  the  change  of 
government.  When  his  wife  went  to  the  com- 
mandant, Don  Manuel  Gayoso  de  Lemos,  and  de- 
manded the  release  of  her  husband,  he  endeavored 
to  evade  her  demand  by  caressing  her  babe  and 
making  it  rich  presents.  The  resolute  woman 
said  to  him,  '•  I  don't  want  your  presents ;  I  want 
my  husband.''  lie  replied,  '•  I  cannot  grant  your 
request,  madam."  She  answered,  "I  will  have 
him  before  to-morrow  morning,  or  this  place  shall 
be  deluged  in  blood  ;  for  there  are  men  enough 
who  have  pledged  themselves  to  release  him  before 
morning  or  die  in  the  attempt."  The  governor 
deemed  it  prudent  to  yield  to  the  demand  of  this 
resolute  woman,  and  Hannan  was  released.  He 
lived  to  preach  the  gospel  unmolested  under  the 
flag  of  the  United  States. 


Hansard  Knollys  Society,  The,  was  instituted 

by  uiir  English  Ijrotliren  to  republish  some  of  the 
valuable  writings  of  their  fathers,  and  to  issue  im- 
portant records  never  printed  before.  Ten  volumes 
are  the  results  of  its  judicious  efforts.  The  first 
appeared  in  1846,  and  contains  "  Tracts  on  Liberty 
of  Conscience  and  Persecution,"  from  lG14to  1661  ; 
the  second,  "  The  Unpublished  Records  of  the 
Broadmead  Church,  Bristol,"  from  1640  to  16S6; 
the  third,  "  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  printed  from 
the  first  edition  ;  the  fourth,  "  The  Bloudy  Tenent 
of  Persecution,"  by  Roger  Williams  ;  the  fifth,  "  A 
Necessity  of  Separation  from  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land," by  John  Canne ;  the  sixth  and  eighth  con- 
tain Van  Braght's  "  Martyrology  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ,"  translated  from  the  Dutch  ;  the  seventh 
contains  Du  Veil's  "  Commentary  on  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles"  ;  the  ninth,  "  The  Records  of  the 
Fenstanton,  Warboys,  and  Hexham  Churches," 
from  1644  to  1720;  the  tenth,  "Confessions  of 
Faith  and  other  Public  Documents  of  the  Baptist 
Churches  of  England  in  the  Seventeenth  Cen- 
tury." 

These  works  are  of  rare  value,  and  they  have 
numerous  and  important  notes.  \o  Baptist  min- 
ister who  can  secure  them  should  be  without  them. 
Unfortunately,  the  Hansard  Knollys  Society  is 
dead. 

Hanson,  James  Hobbs,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in 
China,  Me.,  June  26,  1816.  His  ancestors  on  both 
sides  were  of  Englisli  origin,  and  among  the  early 
settlers  of  New  England.  His  youth  was  spent 
amid  the  scenes  and  toils  of  farm-life,  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  such  intellectual  advantages  as  the  com- 
mon school  and  an  occasional  term  at  the  village 
academy  were  capable  of  affording.  His  earliest 
and  strongest  wish  was  to  obtain  an  education. 
When  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  became  a 
hopeful  Christian.  Soon  after  he  commenced  his 
regular  preparation  for  college.  Even  at  that  early 
period  he  had  decided  to  make  teaching  the  business 
of  his  life.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville  Col- 
lege, now  Colby  University,  taking  a  distinguished 
position  as  a  scholar  in  the  class  of  1842.  The  year 
after  graduation  was  spent  in  teaching  in  Hamp- 
den, Me.  In  September,  1843,  he  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  principal  of  Waterville  Academy, 
where  he  remained  till  March,  185.3.  At  that  time 
he  took  charge  of  the  high  school  in  Eastport,  Me. 
In  January,  1857,  an  invitation  to  become  princi- 
pal of  the  boys'  high  .school  in  Portland,  Me.,  was 
accepted.  Here  he  taught  for  a  little  more  than 
eight  years,  at  the  end  of  which  he  was  urged  to 
return  to  Waterville  to  take  charge  of  tlie  acad- 
emy with  which  he  had  formerly  been  connected. 
Here  he  commenced  anew  his  labors,  and  has  con- 
tinued at  his  post  up  to  the  present  time.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a  teacher. 


HAllALSON 


495 


HARDING 


Mr.  Hanson  has  annotated  and  published  Caesar's 
"  Commentaries  on  the  Gallic  War."  Sallust's"  Cati- 
line.'" a  volume  of  Cicero's  orations  in  connection 
with  Mr.  J.  W.  Rolfe,  of  Cambridi;e,  Mass.,  a  vol- 
ume of  extracts  from  Ovid,  Virgil,  an<l  Horace, 
called  "The  Hand-Book  of  Latin  Poetry."  In 
1.S72  he  received  from  his  alma  mater  the  honorary 
decree  of  LL.D. 

Haralson,  Judge  Jonathan,  a  fine  jurist,  judge 
of  the  city  court  of  Selma,  a  most  useful  member 
of  the  Selma  Baptist  church,  and  president  of  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  Alabama,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1830,  in  Lowndes  County.  Mr.  Haralson  gradu- 
ated in  the  State  University,  under  Dr.  Manly,  in 
1851,  and  in  1852  in  New  Orleans  in  the  law-school 
of  Louisiana.  In  1853  he  settled  in  Selma,  where 
he  maintained  a  first-class  practice  until  1875,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  State  judge 
of  the  city  court  of  Selma.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
Howard  College  and  of  the  Agricultural  and  Me- 
chanical Colleges  of  the  State. 

He  united  with  the  Baptist  Church  when  four- 
teen years  of  age, — -and  he  became  a  deacon  of  the 
Selma  church  in  18.55  ;  was  the  efficient  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday-school  for  seven  years  ;  has 
lieen  sent  to  Europe  on  important  professional 
business  twice.  Judge  Haralson  may  be  reckoned 
among  the  most  distinguished  laymen  in  the  State, 
and  his  brother  Hugh  is  not  less  so. 

Hardin,  Charles  Henry,  ex-governor  of  Mis- 
souri and  founder  of  the  female  college  that  bears 
his  name,  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1820.  His 
ancestors  from  colonial  times  lived  in  Fairfax  Co., 
Va.  Ilis  father  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  after- 
wards to  Missouri,  where  he  settled  in  Bo<jne 
County.  Charles  H.  had  good  literary  opportu- 
nities, of  which  he  availed  himself,  and,  after 
graduating  with  honor,  pursued  the  study  of  law, 
and  in  1843  commenced  practice  at  Fulton.  Being 
elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  he  was  early  noted 
for  his  correct  decisions.  His  business  increased, 
until  he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  labori- 
ous, efficient,  and  sound  lawyers  within  reach.  In 
1852  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  after- 
wards re-elected ;  and  he  was  chosen  while  there, 
with  two  others,  to  revise  and  compile  the  State 
statutes,  and  then  to  superintend  their  publication. 
After  serving  in  the  house  of  representatives  six 
years  he  was  elected  to  the  senate,  in  which  he  was 
honored  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee. 

In  1861  he  removed  to  his  present  home  in  Mex- 
ico, Audrain  Co.  Hero  his  professional  services  were 
extensively  sought.  After  a  period  of  ten  years 
he  was  again  sent  to  the  senate,  and  honored  as 
before  with  the  chairmanship  of  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee, and  also  with  that  of  the  asylum  committee. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  State  by  a 
majority  of   more   than  40,000,  and   by  his  wise 


mivfiagement  he  was  instrumental  in  restoring  the 
credit  of  the  State  bonds.  After  serving  out  his 
term,  he  retired  to  his  home,  where  he  is  honored 
and  beloved  for  his  great  abilities,  unswerving 
honesty,  and  Christian  generosity.     The  cause  of 


GOVERNOR    CIHRLES    IIEN'RT    HARDIN. 

education  finds  in  him  a  devoted  friend.  The 
female  college,  one  of  the  results  of  his  benefac- 
tions, which  he  has  endowed,  and  which  he  con- 
tinues to  aid,  exerts  an  extensive  influence  over  the 
State.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Hardin  College. — This  young  ladies'  school  was 
founded  in  1873,  by  Gov.  Charles  H.  Hardin.  He 
gave  $40,000  in  lands  and  cash  to  establish  it. 
The  college  buildings  are  complete,  and  of  modern 
style.  The  grounds  are  extensive  and  finely  ar- 
ranged. Mrs.  H.  T.  Baird  is  the  experienced  and 
accomplished  president.  The  course  of  study  is 
comprehensive  and  thorough.  Upwards  of  100 
students  were  in  attendance  last  year.  It  is  located 
at  Mexico,  Audrain  Co.,  Mo. 

Harding,  Rev.  Harris,  one  of  the  fathers  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1761,  in  Ilorton,  Xova  Scotia;  converted 
under  Henry  Alline's  preaching,  in  Cornwallis,  in 
1783  ;  evangelized  in  1785  in  Colchester  and  Cum- 
berland Counties  ;  in  Chester  in  1788  ;  in  Annapolis 
County  in  1789;  in  Yarmouth.  Onslow,  and  Am- 
herst in  1790;  in  Liverpool.  Argyle.  and  Barring- 
ton  in  1791;  ordained  at  Onslow,  Sept.  16.  1794: 
was  immersed  as  a  Baptist  in  Yarmouth,  Aug.  28. 
1799,  by  Rev.  James  Manning:  took  part  in  fonn- 
inj  the  Baptist  Association,  June  23,  1800;  was  a 


HARDING 


496 


HARDWICKE 


pioneer  of  the  gospel  in  1817  to  Cape  Canso,  to 
Westport  in  1818.  Mr.  Harding  liaJ  a  passion  for 
the  conversion  of  sinners ;  and  to  his  labors,  under 
God,  is  largely  to  be  attributed  the  growth  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Yarmouth.  Died  March  7, 
1X54,  in  the  ninety-third  year  of  his  age. 

Harding,  Rev.  John,  a  prominent  and  useful 
preacher  of  Green  Co.,  Ky.,  was  born,  of  Baptist 
parentage,  in  Washington  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  16,  178.5. 
His  education  was  finished  under  Rev.  N.  H.  Hall. 
He  joined  Pitman's  Creek  Baptist  church,  in  Green 
County,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five.  Two  years 
afterwards  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  Pitman's  Creek  and  other  churches. 
He  was  a  man  of  extensive  reading,  and  he  was 
a  strong  logical  preacher  and  writer.     He  was  a 


tered  to  the  Baptistchurch,  Frcdericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, three  years  from  1S18  ;  evangelized  in  Pictou 
and  in  Prince  Edward  Island  in  182ti.  The  church 
celebrated  the  jubilee  of  his  pastorate  Feb.  13, 
184G ;  died  June  8,  1855.  Was  a  warm  friend  of 
llorton  Academy  and  Acadia  College.  .Strongly 
doctrinal,  deeply  emotional,  quick  and  elastic, 
Theodore  Seth  Harding  w.is  preeminently  the  Bap- 
tist orator  of  the  Maritime  Provinces. 

Hardwicke,  J.  B,,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Bucking- 
ham Co.,  Va..  Aug.  9,  1830.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  united  with 
the  Enon  Baptist  church.  In  1852  he  was  ordained 
at  the  Enon  church,  in  order  that  he  might  accept 
calls  to  two  churches  in  Campbell  Co.,  Va.  He  at 
once  became  prominent  among  the  young  preachers 


HARDIK    COLLEGE. 


brother  of  Hon.  Aaron  Harding,  and  uncle  of 
Chief-.Tustice  M.  R.  ILirding.     Died  Nov.  11,  1854. 

Harding,  John  H.,  was  born  in  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick;  converted  and  liaptized  in  Wolfville, 
Nova  Scotia,  while  attending  llorton  Academy,  in 
1834  ;  is  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church,  Germain 
Street,  St.  John  ;  was  treasurer  of  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Baptist  Home  Missionary  Board,  and  is  a  firm 
friend  of  all  denominational  enterprises. 

Harding,  Rev.  Theodore  Seth,  a  founder  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
in  Barrington,  Nova  Scotia,  March  14,  1773;  con- 
verted in  1787  ;  commenced  preaching  in  1793  :  with- 
drew from  the  Methodist  denomination,  and  was 
baptized  at  Halifax.  May  31,  1795 ;  ordained  pastor 
of  the  llorton  church,  July  31,  1790  ;  evangelized 
and  baptized  in  Cobiquid,  1799  :  took  part  in  form- 
ing the  Baptist  Association.  June  23,  1800;  minis- 


of  the  country.  In  18.53  he  accepted  a  call  to  Green- 
field, A'a.,  where  he  remained  for  seven  years.  Here 
his  special  mission  seems  to  have  been  to  aid  in 
rescuing  the  churches  from  the  growing  influence 
of  anti-mission  teachers.  His  next  call  was  from 
Danville,  which  he  declined,  and  after  the  call  was 
repeated,  he  agreed  to  divide  his  time  with  them 
until  they  could  secure  a  pastor.  In  1860  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Second  church  of  Petersburg, 
and  remained  there  until  1864.  Now  his  time  was 
divided  between  his  church  and  the  hospitals  that 
were  established  in  Petersburg  during  the  war. 
His  next  field  was  Goldsborough,  N.  C,  where  he 
spent  several  years  of  successful  labor.  Afterwards 
he  removed  to  Parkcrsburg,  W.  A'a.  Here  he  com- 
menced the  publicaticm  of  the  Baptist  Record,  which 
he  edited  for  five  years.  His  efforts  here  aided  in 
uniting  the  Baptists  of  West  Virginia  in  their  sup- 


HARDY 


497 


HA  HI' Eli 


port  of  one  general  organization,  and  in  harmon- 
izing churches  that  had  been  rent  asunder  by  the 
civil  war.  In  1873  the  College  of  West  Virginia 
conferred  upon  him  the  degreeof  Doctor  of  Diviiiitv. 
The  year  following  he  accepted  a  call  to  Atchison, 
Kansas.  lie  served  there  for  two  years  and  nine 
months,  was  then  called  to  Leavenworth,  the  largest 
city  in  the  State.  While  in  Kansas  he  was  record- 
ing secretary,  then  president,  and  afterwards  cor- 
responding secretary  of  tlie  State  Convention.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors,  and 
a  trustee  of  Ottawa  University.  He  rendered  val- 
uable aid  in  freeing  this  school  from  financial  em- 
barrassments and  difficulties  that  hindered  its  pros- 
perity. At  present  Dr.  Ilardwicke  lives  at  Bryan, 
Texas,  and  is  pastor  of  a  large  and  influential 
church.  From  early  life  he  has  been  a  regular 
contributor  to  various  secular  and  religious  peri- 
odicals, and  he  has  published  several  sermons. 

Hardy,  Col.  William  H.,  a  prominent  lawyer 
at  Meridian,  Miss.,  was  liorn  in  Alabama  in  1837, 
and  became  a  Baptist  at  the  age  of  fourteen.  lie 
took  a  partial  course  at  Cumberland  University, 
Tenn.  In  1856  he  came  to  Mississippi  and  engaged 
in  teaching.  He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1858, 
and  at  once  became  prominent  at  the  bar,  and  he 
now  occupies  the  front  rank  of  liis  profession  in 
Eastern  Mississippi.  He  commanded  a  company 
in  the  Confederate  army,  and  was  afterwards  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  J.  A.  Smith  as  assistant  adjutant-gen- 
eral. In  1872  he  was  elected  grand  master  of  the 
Masons  :  was  tendered  the  nomination  for  governor 
of  the  State ;  was  once  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  ;  Presidential  elector 
in  1876.  Col.  Hardy  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  denominational  work  in  Mississippi. 

Harkness,  Prof.  Albert,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  was 
born  in  Mendon,  Mass.,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1842.  For  nearly 
six  years  after  his  graduation  he  held  an  important 
position  as  an  instructor  in  the  Providence  High 
School.  In  the  fall  of  1853  he  went  abroad  to 
pursue  his  studies  in  the  German  universities,  .and 
was  absent  two  years.  He  first  attended  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Bonn.  From  Bonn  he  went 
to  Berlin,  and  from  it  to  Gcittingen.  The  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  the  University  of  Bonn.  Returning  home  early 
in  the  fall  of  1855,  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
Professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature  in 
Brown  University.  In  1870  he  went  abroad  the 
second  time,  and  was  absent  a  little  over  a  year, 
studying  at  Bonn,  Heidelberg,  and  Berlin,  and 
making  extensive  tours  through  different  parts  of 
Europe. 

Prof.  Harkness  has  published  sever.al  works  con- 
nected with  his  special  department,  and  others  de- 
signed to  aid  the  student  in  Latin.     Of  these  the 


best  known  and  most  popular  is  his  Latin  gram- 
mar, first  published  in  1864,  which  has  had  a  very 
large  circulation.     He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 


PROF.   ALBERT    IIARKXESS,   Pn.D.,    I.I..D. 

the  Philological  Association,  and  its  jiresident  in 
1876-77.  It  is  matter  for  just  pride  that  we  have 
in  the  Baptist  denomination  so  accomplished  and 
well  known  a  scholar  as  Prof  Harkness. 

Harmon,  Rev.  G.  W.,  was  bom  in  Davidson 
Co.,  X.  C,  March  29,  1847:  baptized  by  Rev.  Wm. 
Turner  in  1866  ;  attended  A))bott's  Creek  Academy 
and  New  Garden  College  ;  was  ordained  in  August, 
1871,  Revs.  Wm.  Turner.  AV.  M.  Bostick,  Enoch 
Crutchfield,  J.  II.  Brook,  and  J.  B.  Richardson 
forming  the  Presbytery :  graduated  at  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  May,  1874;  settled 
as  pastor  at  AVadesborough  in  January,  1875,  where 
he  still  remains. 

Harper,  Rev.  Pleasant  Howard,  is  a  leading 
preacher  and  missionary  in  Washington  Territory. 
Born  in  Claiborne  Co.,  Tenn.,  Feb.  1,  1836;  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools:  baptized  in  1860; 
licensed  and  ordained  in  1871,  he  began  his  minis- 
try at  once  in  the  Territory  as  pastor  at  Elrna  two 
years ;  labored  two  years  as  missionary  of  the 
Home  Jlission  Society  on  the  line  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  :  org.anized  the  Centerville  church, 
and  was  its  p.astor  two  years;  then  labored  with 
the  White  River  church  two  years  :  gave  important 
lielp  to  the  Brush  Prairie  church,  and  is  now  at 
Goldendale,  wliere  he  is  aided  by  the  Baptist  Con- 
vention of  the  Xnrth  Pacific  coast.  He  is  a  good 
scholar,  a  steadfast  Christian  worker,  and  has  held 


HARRIS 


498 


HARRIS 


important  civil  and  military  positions  which  were 
thrust  upon  him  by  the  people.  Throughout  the 
Territory  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant men  in  that  new  and  growing  field,  wlicre 
the  harvest  is  great  and  the  laborers  are  few. 

Harris,  Rev.  Austin,  a  teacher  and  preacher 
of  prominence  in  North  Louisiana,  wa.«  born  in 
Georgia  in  1835;  was  ordained  in  1858,  and  the 
next  year  removed  to  Louisiana.  He  founded  a 
school  at  Arizona,  in  Claiborne  Parish,  where  he 
has  successfully  taught,  and  preached  to  surround- 
ing churclii'R. 

Harris,  Rev.  Benjamin  N.,  was  born  in  Brook- 
line,  Mass.,  in  1783.  For  twelve  years  he  was  a 
Methodist  minister.  He  changed  his  views  on  the 
subject  of  baptism,  and  connected  himself  with  a 
Baptist  church  in  Wrentham,  Mass.  His  service 
for  Christ  in  the  ministry  of  the  gospel  extended 
over  a  period  of  fifty  years.  He  preached  in  all 
the  New  England  States,  in  New  York,  and  Can- 
ada, and  came  at  last  to  be  known  everywhere  as 
"Father'  Harris,  and  was  greatly  beloved  and  es- 
teemed,    lie  died  in  Bolton,  Mass.,  March  3,  1859. 

Harris,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Comwallis, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1785  ;  converted  at  Bridgetown, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1806,  and  subsequently  baptized  ; 
ordained  July  23,  1814,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church, 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick.  His  pastoral  and  mis- 
sionary labors  were  very  successful  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces,  especially  in  Nova  Scotia.  Died  April 
L5,  18.53. 

Harris,  Rev.  E.  L.,  was  bom  in  Ira,  Cayuga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  .Ian.  12,  1816.  In  1833  he  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Cato.  In  1839  he  entered 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1843.  He  was  or- 
dained August  31  of  the  same  year  by  the  church 
in  Pike,  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  which  he  served  two 
and  a  half  years,  the  church  atRushford,  Allegany 
Co.,  five  years,  and  in  the  fall  of  1850  he  came  to 
Wisconsin  and  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Beloit  as  pastor.  Here  his  ministry  was  blessed 
with  an  extensive  revival.  He  subsequently  served 
as  pastor  the  Baptist  church  in  Walworth  three 
years,  the  Baptist  church  in  Darien  ten  ye.irs  (this 
church  he  gathered  and  organized,  and  built  their 
meeting-house),  the  Baptist  church  in  Sugar  Creek 
two  years,  the  Baptist  church  in  East  Delavan  one 
year,  the  B.iptist  church  in  Greenwood,  111.,  nearly 
erne  year.  He  was  called  a  second  time  by  the 
Baptist  church  in  W^alworth,  serving  eighteen 
months. 

During  the  w.ir  he  spent  some  months  as  chap- 
lain in  the  army. 

Mr.  Harris  has  frequently  been  moderator  of  the 
well-known  Walworth  Baptist  Association,  and  he 
was  for  one  year  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Bap- 
tist State  Convention. 


His  ministerial  labors  have  often  been  inter- 
rupted by  ill  health.  He  resides  near  Delavan, 
Wis.,  which  has  been  his  family  home  for  many 
years.  He  has  been  a  faithful  and  devoted  minister 
of  the  gospel. 

Harris,  Rev.  George  W.,  was  born  in  Nassau, 
Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y..  Jan.  8,  1813,  the  son  of 
Rev.  John  Harris.  He  studied  at  Hamilton,  com- 
pleting the  collegiate  course  in  1840  and  the  theo- 
logical course  in  1842.  He  was  ordained  in  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.,  in  January,  1843,  and  the  next  year 
became  pastor  in  Jackson,  Mich.  In  1848  he  be- 
came editor  of  the  Michigan  Christian  Herald,  and 
served  in  that  office  fifteen  years.  Since  1863  he 
has  resided  in  Battle  Creek,  writing  for  various 
periodicals,  and  preaching  as  opportunity  has  of- 
fered.    He  is  a  ready  and  perspicuous  writer. 

Harris,  Henry  Herbert,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Louisa  Co.,  Ya.,  Dec.  17,  1837.     Trained  by  parents 


HENRT    HERBERT    HARRIS,  D.D. 

of  piety  and  intelligence,  in  consequence  of  early 
afflictions  his  mind  frequently  turned  to  Jesus,  and 
in  November,  1852,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  was 
baptized,  and  united  with  the  Lower  Gold  Mine 
church,  Va.  He  entered  at  once  on  active  work  in 
the  Sunday-school  and  prayer-meetings,  and  in 
1857  was  licensed  to  preach.  His  preparation  for 
his  college  course  had  been  so  advanced  and  thor- 
ough, that  in  October,  1854,  he  entered  the  Junior 
class  of  Richmond  College,  graduating  with  the  de- 
gree of  A.B.  in  July,  1856.  In  1S57  he  entered  the 
University  of  Virginia  with  his  younger  brother, 
I  Prof.  J.  M.   Harris,  now  of  Furman    University, 


EAR  HIS 


499 


HAH  HIS 


S.  C.  At  the  termination  of  three  years  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.M.,  having  studied  Hebrew 
and  applied  mathematics  in  addition  to  the  regular 
course.  He  was  at  this  time  invited  to  the  chair 
of  Greek  in  Richmond  College,  but  having  a  strong 
predilection  for  scientific  studies,  he  accepted  a 
proffered  position  in  the  Albemarle  Female  Insti- 
tute. At  the  close  of  the  first  session,  July,  1S61, 
though  exempt  from  military  duty  and  frail  in 
health,  he  volunteered  as  a  private  soldier,  and 
made  the  campaign  of  that  summer  and  fall  in 
the  Kanawha  Valley  as  an  infantry  rifleman,  en- 
gaged in  scouts  and  skirmishes.  In  December  his 
company  was  disbanded,  and,  thinking  the  war  al- 
ready over,  he  entered,  in  January,  1862,  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary  at  Greenville, 
S.  C.  After  one  month's  stay  at  the  seminary  he 
learned  that  his  old  regiment  was  in  peril  at  Roan- 
oke Island,  N.  C. ;  left  at  once  to  join  them,  and 
was  prevented  from  doing  so  by  their  capture.  He 
went  to  Virginia ;  joined  a  battery  of  field  artil- 
lery, afterwards  attached  to  the  corps  of  Gen. 
Stonewall  Jackson,  and  took  part  in  most  of  the 
great  battles  fought  under  that  leader,  including 
his  last  at  Chancellorsville.  In  June,  1863,  he  was 
honored  with  an  unsought  commission  as  first  lieu- 
tenant in  a  regiment  of  engineer  troops,  about  to 
be  organized  for  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia,  in 
which  capacity  he  was  engaged  in  the  manifold 
duties  of  reconnoitring,  selecting  routes  of  march 
and  lines  of  battle,  bridging  streams,  running  coun- 
termines, and,  upon  occasion,  taking  active  part 
in  engagements  up  to  the  time  of  Gen.  Lee's  sur- 
render at  Appomattox  Court-House,  in  April,  1S65. 
In  the  following  October  he  resumed  his  former  po- 
sition as  instructor  in  the  Albemarle  Female  Insti- 
tute ;  and,  on  the  reorganization  of  Richmond  Col- 
lege, in  July,  1866,  he  was  again  invited  to  the 
chair  of  Greek,  which  he  accepted,  and  has  con- 
tinued to  fill  up  to  this  time,  with  the  exception  of 
an  interruption  of  six  months  in  1878,  spent  in  a 
visit  to  Palestine  and  Greece. 

Prof.  Harris  began  his  ministry  in  1859  by  preach- 
ing to  a  congregation  of  colored  persons.  In  1860- 
61  he  filled  an  appointment  once  a  month  at  an  old 
free  church  near  Charlottesville.  In  1864  the  col- 
onel of  an  infantry  regiment  applied  to  the  War 
Department  for  his  appointment  as  chaplain,  but 
the  application  was  refused,  on  the  ground  ''  that 
so  good  an  officer  could  not  be  spared,  and  that  he 
was  already  doing  much  of  a  chaplain's  work  in 
his  own  command.''  From  1868  to  1870.  Prof. 
Harris  preached  regularly  at  a  small  house  in  the 
suburbs  of  Richmond,  where  he  had  gathered  a 
Sunday-school  and  congregation.  When  a  church 
was  organized  at  this  place,  he  was  ordained,  July 
4,  1869,  and  became  the  pastor.  In  less  than  a 
year,  in  consequence  of  ill  health,  he  was  com- 


pelled to  resign,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
able  to  pre.ich  but  seldom.  In  the  field  of  litera- 
ture. Prof.  Harris  is  known  by  several  admirable 
reports  ami  addresses  before  educational  meetings 
in  his  own  State,  at  Marion,  Ala.,  at  Philadelphia, 
and  also  by  contributions  to  periodicals,  chiefly  to 
the  Religious  Herald,  Richmond,  Va.  From  1873 
to  1876  he  was  the  editor  of  the  Educational  Jour- 
nal of  Virginia,  and  in  1877  of  the  Foreign  Mission 
Journal,  the  organ  of  the  boards  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Historical  .Society,  in  .June,  1876, 
he  was  elected  its  secretary  and  treasurer,  which 
offices  lie  still  holds.  In  addition  to  his  other 
duties.  Prof.  Harris  is  now  the  junior  editor  of  the 
Richmond  I'elii/inus  Herald. 

Harris,  Judge  Ira,  was  born  May  31,  1802,  at 
Charleston,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y..  and  died  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  2,  1875.     In  1808  his  parents 


JCDGE    IRA    H.\RRIS. 

moved  into  Cortland  County  and  settled  on  a  farm. 
In  1815  he  entered  the  academy  in  Homer,  where 
he  was  prepared  to  enter  college.  In  1822  he 
joined  the  .Junior  class  in  Union  College,  and  grad- 
uated with  the  highest  honors  in  1824.  lie  com- 
menced the  study  of  law  under  Augustus  Donnelly, 
Esq.,  of  Homer,  and  subsequently  entered  the  office 
of  Chief-Justice  Ambrose  Spencer,  at  Albany,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827.  He  soon  rose  to 
prominence  in  his  profession.  In  1844  and  1845 
he  represented  Albany  County  in  the  Assembly, 
and  in  1846  he  was  chosen  to  a  seat  in  the  State 
convention  to  revise  the  constitution. 


HARRIS 


500 


HARRISON 


In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  senate,  ami  in  1S47  he  was  chosen  to 
a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State.  At  the  expiration  of  four  years  he  was  re- 
elected for  the  entire  term  of  ei,!;ht  years. 

On  leaving  the  bench,  Judge  Harris  spent  a  year 
in  foreign  travel,  and  in  1801  was  elected  by  the 
New  York  Legislature  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  to  succeed  William  II.  Seward,  who  had 
been  called  to  Mr.  Lincoln's  cabinet.  As  a  lawyer, 
a  legislator,  a  judge,  a  statesman,  Ira  Harris  was 
above  reproach.  In  the  dark  days  of  the  war  he 
stood  firmly  by  the  government. 

After  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  State  constitutional  convention  of 
New  York,  when  he  delivered  the  celebrated  speech 
on  the  "Government  of  Cities." 

He  was  an  ardent  promoter  of  higher  education. 
He  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Union 
College,  president  of  .Vlbany  Medical  College,  and 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Vassar  College ;  also 
one  of  the  founders  of  Rochester  University.  He 
also  filled  the  chair  of  Equity,  Jurisprudence,  and 
Practice  in  the  Albany  Law  School. 

.Judge  Harris  was  a  devoted  Christian,  an  officer 
of  the  Kmmanuel  Bajitist  church,  Albany,  and  for 
years  was  president  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  He  traced  his  ancestors  back  to 
the  colonists  in  Rhode  Island  led  by  Roger  Wil- 
liams, whose  principles  of  religious  liberty  he 
seemed  to  inherit.  His  lecture  on  the  life  and 
character  of  the  great  founder  of  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination in  America  will  long  be  remembered 
by  the  poojile  of  Albany. 

Harris,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Rensselaer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  19,  1790,  and  died  in  Battle  Creek, 
Mich.,  Oct.  11,  1864.  In  the  summer  and  fall  of 
1812  he  served  in  the  army  of  the  United  States. 
In  1815  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Enoch  Ferris, 
whom  he  succeeded  as  pastcu-  at  Nassau,  N.  Y.,  the 
next  year.  For  ten  years  he  was  pastor  here,  and 
for  ten  years  following  at  South  Ballston.  He  then 
settled  in  Battle  Creek,  where  he  spent  the  remain- 
der of  his  life  preaching  to  various  churches  in  that 
vicinity  during  twenty-eight  years  of  hard  labor 
and  privation.  He  was  recognized  as  a  represen- 
tative Baptist  clergyman  of  Michigan,  and  an  earn- 
est advocate  of  all  beneficent  and  whdlesome  re- 
forms. 

Harris,  Prof.  J.  M.,  is  one  of  Virginia's  many 
valuable  gifts  to  South  Carolina.  Although  the 
soil  of  the  two  States  does  not  touch,  "  they  have 
always,"  as  Dr.  Jeter  once  said  in  the  South  Caro- 
lina State  Convention,  "  sympathized  and  generally 
gone  hand  in  hand,  and  this  is  especially  true  of 
the  Baptists  of  the  two  States." 

Prof.  Harris  is  now  a  little  over  forty  years  of 
age.     His  parents  were  pious,  and  tried  to  bring  up 


their  children  in  the  ways  of  the  Lord,  and  their 
son's  conversion  in  his  thirteenth  year  was  the  fruit 
of  their  training. 

He  entered  the  University  of  Virginia  Oct.  1, 
1859,  and  received  the  degree  of  A. B.  in  July,  1860, 
and  of  A.M.  July  1,  1861.  He  served  in  the  artil- 
lery during  the  war.  In  February,  18G9,  he  be- 
came Professor  of  Natural  Sciences  in  Furman 
University,  and  is  still  doing  excellent  service  in 
that  position. 

Harris,  Rev.  T3rre,  was  bom  in  Boone  Co.,  Mo., 
Aug.  9,  1824.  He  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  joined  the  Beth- 
lehem Baptist  church.  He  was  baptized  by  the 
beloved  Fielding  Willhite,  pastor  of  the  church. 
He  commenced  preaching  when  nineteen  years  of 
age.  He  was  a  young  man  of  brilliant  talents  and 
deep  piety,  and  he  was  eminently  successful  in 
winning  souls  to  Christ. 

He  was  a  warm  advocate  of  missionary  and  be- 
nevolent efforts.  He  was  pastor  at  Fayette,  Mount 
Pleasant,  Booneville,  Big  Lick,  and  Mount  Nebo. 
He  was  president  for  one  year  of  Stephens  College, 
Columbia,  and  he  was  also  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place. 

He  afterwards  took  the  care  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  died  a  few  months  after,  in 
September,  1854. 

He  was  highly  esteemed  by  all.  Happy  in  his 
associations  with  the  people,  earnest  and  eloquent 
in  his  preaching,  he  was  a  great  blessing  during 
his  ministry.  It  was  thought  that  his  zeal  and 
labors  shortened  his  life. 

Harrison,  Rev.  Edmund,  Professor  of  the  Latin 
Language  and  Literature  in  Richmond  College,  Va., 
was  born  at  "  The  Oaks,"  Amelia  Co.,  Va.,  Feb. 
17,  1837.  He  prepared  for  college  in  the  Amelia 
Academy,  an  institution  established  and  conducted 
by  his  father,  Wm.  II.  Harrison.  During  the  year 
1854  he  was  engaged  in  studying  law,  and  after- 
wards attended  lectures  at  the  law-schoul  of  the 
University  of  Virginia.  During  1855  he  was  en- 
gaged in  teaching  school  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Va., 
after  which  he  returned  to  the  university,  took  the 
literary  course,  and  graduated  in  most  of  the  .schools. 
After  graduation,  Mr.  Harrison  was  engaged  in 
teaching  in  the  Southern  Female  Institute  at  Rich- 
mond, where  his  scholarship  was  held  in  high  es- 
teem. The  war  breaking  out  about  this  time,  he 
entered  the  Confederate  army,  joining  the  "  Pow- 
hatan Troop"  as  a  private  soldier,  and  continuing 
in  active  service  until  failing  health  sent  him  to 
stationary  duty  in  the  Nitre  and  Mining  Bureau. 
In  1804  he  received  the  appointment  of  assistant  in 
the  Nitre  and  Mining  Corps,  with  the  rank  of  cap- 
tain of  cavalry,  and  was  promoted,  in  1865,  to  the 
rank  of  major,  in  consequence  of  a  valuable  report 
prepared  and  presented  by  him  to  Gen.  St.  John. 


HARRISON 


501 


HARRISON 


lie  was  with  the  army  und(!r  Gen.  Johnston  when 
it  surrcmdered  at  Greensborouuh,  N.  C.  iJur'mi; 
1865  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  Richmond 
Female  Institute,  and  in  1806  was  elected  Professor 
of  Latin  in  Richmond  College,  a  position  wliich  he 
still  holds,  with  honor  to  himself  and  advantage  to 
the  institution.  Prof.  Harrison  was  converted  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  and  united  with  the  Mount 
Tabor  Baptist  church,  Amelia  County.  For  some 
years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  Christian  labors, 
and,  feeling  it  to  be  his  duty  to  consecrate  himself 
to  the  ministry,  he,  in  1874,  received  ordination, 
and  is  now  engaged  in  preaching  regularly  to  two 
country  churches.  Prof.  Harrison  writes  occasion- 
ally for  different  periodicals,  secular  and  religious. 
Harrison,  Gen.  James  E.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  ;  early  joined  the  Baptist  Church  ;  was 
prominent  in  Baptist  affiiirs  in  Mississippi  many 
years :  served  in  the  State  senate  of  Mississippi  ; 
was  attached  to  the  Confederate  army  during  the 


OEN.  JAMES   E.    HARRISON. 

whole  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  major-gen- 
eral. In  civil  life  he  was  occupied  from  boyhood 
to  old  age  as  a  farmer.  He  was  an  earnest  worker 
in  all  the  missionary  and  educational  enterprises 
of  Texas,  and  was  first  president  of  the  General 
Association.  He  died  at  W.-ico,  about  the  sixty- 
fifth  year  of  his  ago,  in  1S74  or  1875. 

Harrison,  Richard,  M.D.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina;  educated  in  Mississippi;  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.,  and  successfully  practised  medicine 
in  Mississippi  and  Texas.  At  an  early  age  he 
professed  religion,  and  joined  the  Baptist  Church  ; 


zealously  labored  for  t)enevolent  enterprises,  and 
served  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention  as 
its  president.  He  represented  Monroe  Co.,  Miss., 
in  the  State  senate.  After  moving  to  Texas  he 
took  an  active  part  in  Baptist  affairs.  He  possc-sed 
high  natural  gifts  as  an  orator.  He  was  a  younger 
brother  of  Gen.  .James  E.  Harrison,  and  twin- 
brother  of  Col.  Isham  Harrison,  who  fell  at  the 
head  of  his  regiment  during  the  civil  war,  in  Mis- 
sissippi. Dr.  Harrison  was  married  three  times. 
His  last  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Wm.  C. 
Beech.     Died  at  Waco,  Texas,  in  1877. 

Harrison,  Rev.  T.,  was  born  in  Sussex  Co., 
Va.,  Dec.  9,  183'.l ;  graduated  at  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C,  in  1859;  taught  in  Georgia  two 
years  ;  served  through  the  late  war  in  the  cavalry ; 
taught  from  1865  to  1873  in  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina;  was  ordained  in  Edenton,  N.  C.  in  1872, 
and  has  been  pastor  at  Hartford,  Apex,  Carthage, 
and  Greensborough.  Is  now  agent  of  Foreign 
Mission  Board  for  North  Carolina. 

Harrison,  Gen.  Thomas,  was  bom  near  Nant- 
wich,  Cheshire,  England.  His  Auher,  like  the 
fathers  of  Henry  Kirke  White  and  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
was  a  butcher,  a  circumstance  that  led  such  an  ex- 
cellent lady  as  Mrs.  Lucy  Hutchinson  to  say  that 
"  he  was  a  mean  man's  son."  He  had  a  respect- 
able education,  and  in  early  life  he  was  a  solicitor's 
clerk.  His  employer  was  on  the  side  of  Charles  I. ; 
but  Harrison,  from  the  beginning  of  the  trouble, 
was  with  the  friends  of  liberty.  When  the  war 
commenced  he  became  a  cornet  in  the  Parliamen- 
tary army.  "  He  advanced,"  says  Clarendon,  "  by 
diligence  and  sobriety  to  the  grade  of  captain 
without  any  signal  notice  being  taken  of  him,  till 
the  army  was  remodeled,  when  Cromwell,  who 
possibly  had  knowledge  of  him  before,  found  him 
of  a  spirit  and  disposition  fit  for  his  service,  much 
given  to  prayer  and  to  preaching,  and  otherwise  of 
an  titidersfandiiig  capable  of  being  trusted  in  any 
business ;  and  then  he  was  preferred  very  fast,  so 
that  by  the  time  the  king  was  brought  to  the  army 
he  was  a  colonel  of  horse,  and  looked  upon  as  in- 
ferior to  few  after  Cromwell  and  Ireton  in  the 
councils  of  the  officers  and  in  the  government  of 
the  agitators  ;  and  there  were  few  men  with  whom 
Cromwell  more  communicated,  or  upon  whom  he 
more  depended  for  the  conduct  of  anything  com- 
mitted to  him."*  Lord  Clarendon  was  no  friend  of 
Gen.  Harrison,  and  his  testimony  to  bis  ability  and 
prominence  may  be  taken  at  its  full  worth.  Har- 
rison was  speedily  known  all  over  the  United 
Kingdom  as  a  soldier  of  skill  and  daring,  and  he 
was  raised  to  the  rank  of  major-general,  and  for 
a  considerable  period  was  justly  regarded  as  second 
only  to  Oliver  Cromwell.     When  Charles  I.  was  to 


*  Clarendon's  History  of  the  RebeUion,  iii.  247.    Oxford,  17i»i. 


HARRISON 


502 


HARRISON 


be  tried  for  treason  against  his  siilijects,  Harrison 
was  deemed  the  safest  man  to  Ijring  him  from 
Hurst  Castle  to  Windsor  and  London  :  for  he  was 
regarded  as  proof  against  bribery  or  fears  for  tlie 
future.  The  soldiers  relied  upon  him  for  his  well- 
known  piety  :  he  prayed  in  their  meetings  for  re- 
ligious worship,  and  sometimes  delivered  gospel 
addresses  burning  with  holy  fervor ;  and  his  life 
was  without  a  guilty  stain.  And  then  he  was  a 
decided  republican  :  so  that  the  hero  of  Xa.seby, 
as  long  as  he  fought  against  tyranny,  could  trust 
Harrison,  in  whom,  after  himself,  the  army  con- 
fided. ■'  Harrison,*'  says  Hume,  "  was  raised  to 
the  highest  dignity,  and  was  possessed  of  Crom- 
well's confidence.''*  By  the  favor  of  Cromwell, 
and  of  the  Parliament,  of  which  he  was  a  very  in- 
fluential member,  he  had  acquired  an  estate  worth 
$10,000  a  year,  in  addition  to  his  professional  in- 
come ;  and  he  lived  in  a  style  corresponding  with 
his  ample  means.  He  was  selected  as  one  of  the 
judges  to  try  the  king,  and  his  name  stands  boldly 
at  his  death-warrant.  He  reluctantly  consented  to 
aid  Cromwell  in  dispersing  the  Long  Parliament. 
When  the  fatal  day  arrived,  Cromwell,  during  the 
session,  told  him  "that  the  Parliament  was  ripe  for 
a  dissolution.''  and  the  general  tried  to  persuade 
him  to  give  the  subject  further  consideration  ;  and 
when  some  time  after,  Cromwell  declared  the  mem- 
bers ■'  no  Parliament,"  and  called  in  soldiers  to  re- 
move them.  Gen.  Harrison  intimated  to  the  speaker 
that  he  should  leave  the  chair ;  he  refused  to  vacate 
his  position  without  force ;  "  I  will  lend  you  my 
hand,"  says  Harrison.  Then,  according  to  Gen. 
Ludlow,  of  the  Parliamentary  army.  "  putting  his 
hand  within  his,  the  speaker  came  down."t  This 
was  the  greatest  mistake  of  Gen.  Harrison's  life, 
but  Cromwell  was  a  dear  friend  ;  and  from  no  other 
man  could  he  obtain  such  necessary  assistance  to 
shield  him  from  the  anger  of  his  countrymen,  who 
reverenced  the  very  name  of  a  Parliament,  and  al> 
horred  a  military  despotism.  His  fervent  piety,  his 
warm  regard  for  Cromwell,  and  his  intimacy  with 
him  are  strikingly  expressed  in  the  following  letter, 
written  him  as  he  assumed  the  command  of  the 
army  which,  on  Sept.  3,  1650,  vanquished  the 
Scotch  at  Dunbar : 

"  To  spare  you  trouble,  I  forbear  to  give  you  my 
excuse  for  not  waiting  on  you  to  Ware.  /  know 
you  love  me,  therefore  are  not  apt  to  except,  though 
in  this  particular  I  had  not  failed,  but  that  orders 
from  the  Council  superseded  me.  Considering 
under  how  many  and  great  burdens  you  labor,  I 
am  afraid  to  say  any  more,  that  I  may  not  add  to 
them,  but  love  and  duty  make  me  presume.  The 
business  you  go  upon  is  weighty  as  ever  yet  you 
undertook.     The  issue  plainly  and  deeply  concerns 

*  Hume,  Smollrtt,  and  Fiirr.  i.  730.    London, 
t  Meraoire  of  Ludlow,  ii.  457.     Vevay,  1699. 


the  life  or  death  of  the  Lord's  people.  His  own 
name,  and  his  Son's.  Nevertheless  may  you  re- 
joice in  God,  whose  affair  it  is,  who,  having  here- 
tofore given  you  numberless  signal  testimonies  to 
other  parts  of  the  work,  will  in  mercy  prosper  this, 
that  he  may  perfect  what  he  hath  begun  ;  and  to 
omit  other  arguments,  that  in  Deut.  xxxii.  27,  hath 
much  force  on  my  heart,  especially  the  last  words, 
'  Aiid  the  Lord  halh  nut  done  all  this.' 

"I  believe,  if  the  present  enemy  should  prevail, 
he  would  as  certainly  reproach  God,  and  all  that 
hitherto  has  been  done  aforesaid,  even  as  I  now 
write  ;  but  the  jealousy  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  for  his 
great  name,  will  not  admit  it.  My  Lord,  be  care- 
ful for  nothing,  but  pray  with  thanksgiving,  to 
wit,  in  faith.  Phil.  iv.  6,  7.  I  doubt  not  your  suc- 
cess ;  but  I  think  faith  and  prayer  must  be  the 
chief  engines  ;  as  heretofore,  the  ancient  worthies, 
through  faith,  subdued  kingdoms,  out  of  weakness 
were  made  strong,  waxed  valiant  in  fight,  and 
turned  to  flight  the  armies  of  the  aliens.  Oh  that 
a  spirit  of  supplication  may  be  poured  forth  on  you 
and  your  army  !  There  is  more  to  be  had  in  this 
poor  simple  way  than  even  most  saints  expect. 
My  Lord,  let  waiting  upon  Jehovah  be  the  great- 
est and  most  considerable  business  you  have  every 
day  ;  reckon  it  so,  more  than  to  eat,  sleep,  or  coun- 
sel together.  Run  .aside  sometimes  from  your  com- 
pany and  get  a  word  with  the  Lord.  Why  shoulil 
you  not  have  three  or  four  precious  souls  always 
standing  at  your  elbow,  with  whom  you  might  now 
and  then  turn  into  a  corner?  I  have  found  refroh- 
ment  and  mercy  in  such  a  way.  Ah  !  the  Lord  of 
compassion  own,  pity  your  burdens,  care  for  von, 
stand  by  and  refresh  your  heart  each  moment.  I 
would  I  could  in  any  kind  do  you  good.  My  heart 
is  with  j'ou,  and  very  poor  prayers  to  my  God  for 
you.  The  Almighty  Father  carry  ynu  in  his  very 
bosom,  and  deliver  you,  if  it  be  his  will,  from 
touching  a  very  hair  of  any  for  whom  Jesus  halh 
bled.  I  expect  a  gracious  return  in  this  par- 
ticular. 

"  But  I  am  sorry  to  be  thus  tedious.  Pardon 
me.  .  .  .  The  Father  of  mercies  visit  and  keep  your 
soul  close  to  him  continually,  protect,  preserve,  and 
prosper  you,  is  the  prayer  of,  my  Lord, 

"  Your  excellency's  loving  servant,  whilst  I 
breathe,  T.  Harrison. 

'•  Whiteh.vll,  3d  July.  1650. 

"  For  his  excellency  the  Lord-General  Cromwell, 
humbly  present  these."J 

That  Gen.  Harrison  was  in  the  closest  relations 
with  Cromwell  and  with  Cromwell's  Saviour  is 
clear  from  every  line  of  this  letter.  He  was  the 
right-hand   man    of    England's    great   uncrowned 

t  ConfeMiong  of  Faith,  etc.,  pp.  315-17.    Hanaard  Knolljta  So- 
ciety, London. 


HARRISON 


503 


HARRISON 


ruler,  loving  him  tenderly,  iind  beloved  by  him  in 
return,  until  he  proclaimed  himself  Protector,  or, 
as  Gen.  Ilurrison  viewed  it.  Despot.  From  that 
moment,  as  Ilume  states.  Harrison  and  the  other 
Baptises  deserted  him.  Rapin  say.s,  "  The  Ana- 
baptists* were  all  of  the  republican  party,"  and, 
having  fought  to  dethrone  a  king,  they  had  no  in- 
tention of  waging  war  to  support  the  government 
cif  one  man  under  any  other  name.  Cromwell, 
afraid  of  the  military  talents  and  great  popularity 
of  Gen.  Harrison,  cast  him  into  prison,  until  the 
masses  of  his  country  acquiesced  in  his  dictator- 
ship, when  his  former  trusted  friend  was  set  at 
liberty. 

The  general  and  his  wife  were  baptizedf  in  the 
winter  of  10.57,  though  they  held  Baptist  principles 
for  years  before  their  immersion.  At  the  time  of 
their  baptism  the  cold  was  intense  and  the  ice  very 
thick. 

The  Protectors  displeasure  removed  from  the 
general  the  pretended  friends  who  sought  the  pa- 
tronage of  Cromwell  through  him,  but  he  still 
enjoyed  the  love  of  the  hosts  who  appreciated  pa- 
triotic worth.  Christian  character,  and  military 
genius. 

When  the  English  people  for  a  season  became 
demented,  like  the  French  in  their  great  revolu- 
tion, and  showed  their  alierration  of  intellect  by 
giving  their  throne  to  Charles  II.,  the  basest  and 
the  most  immoral  of  men.  Gen.  Harrison  was 
quickly  sent  to  the  Tower  of  London,  and  in  due 
time  he  was  brought  before  unprincipled  judges 
for  trial  as  a  regicide.  The  ciurt  sat  in  the  Old 
Bailey  in  London,  and  when  he  was  required  to 
answer,  as  Gen.  Ludlow  states.  "  He  not  only  plead 
Not  Guilt;/,*  f"'t  he  justifie'l  the  sentence  passed 
upon  the  king,  and  the  authority  of  those  who 
commissioned  him  to  act  as  one  of  his  judges.  He 
plainly  told  them,  when  witnesses  were  produced 
against  him.  that  he  came  not  thither  to  deny  any- 
thing be  had  done,  but  rather  to  bring  it  to  light; 
he  owned  his  name  subscribed  to  the  warrant  for 
the  execution  of  the  king,  as  written  by  himself; 
he  charged  divers  of  his  judges  with  having  for- 
merly been  as  active  for  the  cause  in  which  he  had 
engaged  as  he  or  any  other  person  had  been  ;  he 
affirmed  that  he  had  not  acted  by  any  other  motive 
than  the  principles  of  conscience  and  justice,  in 
proiif  of  which  he  said  it  was  well  known  that  he 
had  chosen  to  be  separated  from  his  family,  and  to 
suffer  a  long  imprisonment,  rather  than  to  comply 
with  those  who  had  abused  the  power  they  had  as- 
sumed (Cromwell)  to  the  oppression  of  the  people. 
He  insisted  that  having  done  nothing,  otherwise 
than  by  the  authority  of  Parliament,  he  was  not 

*  Rapin's  History  or  England,  ii.  G0.3.     London,  1733. 
t  Evani'8  Early  Englisli  Bnptints,  ii.  2M.    London,  1864. 
X  Memoir*  of  Ludlow,  tii.  G1-G4. 


justly  accountable  either  to  this  or  any  other  infe- 
rior court,  which,  being  a  point  of  law.  he  desired 
counsel  assigned  upim  that  head  ;  but  the  court  over- 
ruled (the  question) ;  and  by  interrupting  him  fre- 
quently, and  not  permitting  him  to  go  on  in  his  de- 
fense, clearly  manifested  a  resolution  to  gratify  the 
resentments  of  the  court  (the  king)  on  any  terms. 
So  that  a  hasty  verdict  was  brought  in  against 
him  :  and  the  question  being  asked,  if  he  had  any- 
thing to  say  why  judgment  should  not  pass,  he  only 
answered  that,  since  the  court  had  refused  to  bear 
what  was  fit  for  him  to  speak  in  his  defense,  he  had 
no  more  to  say.  Upon  which  Bridgman  pronounced 
the  sentence  I  must  not  omit  (to  state)  that  the 
executioner,  in  an  ugly  dress,  with  a  halter  in  his 
hand,  Avas  placed  near  the  general,  and  continued 
there  during  the  whole  time  of  his  trial,  but 
having  learned  to  contemn  such  baseness,  after 
the  sentence  had  been  pronounced  against  him,  he 
said  aloud,  as  he  was  withdrawing  from  the  court, 
that  he  had  no  reason  to  be  ashamed  of  the  cause  in 
which  he  teas  engaijed." 

On  Nov.  13.  1660,  Harrison  was  executed  at  the 
place  where  Charing  Cross  formerly  stood,  that  the 
king  might  have  the  pleasure  of  the  spectacle,  and 
inure  himself  to  blood,"?  In  the  "Trials  of  the 
Regicides"||  the  sickening  scene  is  thus  described: 
"  He  was  drawn  on  a  hurdle  from  Newgate  to 
Charing  Cross.  Within  certain  rails  lately  there 
made  a  gibbet  was  erected,  and  he  was  hanged  with 
his  face  looking  toward  the  banqueting-house  at 
Whitehall  (the  palace).  Being  half  dead,  he  was 
cut  down  by  the  common  executioner;  his  bowels 
were  burned,  his  head  severed  from  his  body,  and 
his  body  divided  into  quarters.  His  head  was 
placed  upon  a  pole  on  the  top  of  Westminster 
Hall,  and  the  quarters  were  exposed  on  some  of 
the  city  gates."'  Ludlow  declares  that  "  he  was 
cut  down  alii-e.l  and  saw  his  bowels  thrown  into 
the  fire."  It  was  intended  that  he  should  be  alive 
and  conscious  of  his  pain  when  the  human  butcher 
of  his  most  gracious  majesty  should  thrust  his 
knife  into  his  body.  Samuel  Pepys,  "Clerk  of 
the  Acts  of  the  Navy"  in  1660,  writes  :**  "  I  went 
out  to  Charing  Cross  to  see  Maj.-Gen.  Harrison 
hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered  :  which  was  done 
there ;  he  looking  as  cheerful  as  any  man  could  do 
in  that  condition.  He  was  presently  cut  down,  and 
his  head  and  heart  shown  to  the  people," 

From  Ludlowtt  we  learn  that  when  Chief-Jus- 
tice Coke  was  executed,  he  was  drawn  to  the  scene 
of  death  on  a  sled,  upon  the  front  of  which  was  the 
head  of  Gen.  Harrison,  with  the  face  uncovered  and 

5  Idem.  iii.  69. 

I  Trials  of  the  RegicidM,  p.  282. 

%  Memoirs  of  Ludlr.w,  iii.  63. 

••  Pepys's  Diary,  i.  146. 

tt  Ludlow's  Memoirs,  iii.  75. 


BARRISS 


504 


HART 


directed  towards  him,  the  object  being  to  fill  him 
witli  terror ;  but  there  was  an  expression  in  tlie 
face  of  the  Ijrave  warrior  that  filled  the  chief  jus- 
tice with  heroism,  and  frustrated  the  designs  of  his 
cruel  murderers. 

Harrison  was  fully  informed  of  the  purpose  to 
arrest  and  execute  him  ;  but  he  refused  to  fly  from 
the  deadly  danj;er,  "  rei^ardin^*  such  an  action  as 
a  desertion  of  the  cause  in  which  he  had  enjjaged." 
Gen.  Ludlow,  who  knew  Harrison  better  than  most 
men  of  his  day,  commenting  on  this  remarkable 
fidelity  to  principle,  says,  "I  shall  not  take  upon 
me  to  censure  the  major-general,  not  knowing 
what  extraordinary  impulse  a  man  of  his  virtue, 
piety,  and  courage  may  have  had  upon  his  mind 
in  that  conjuncture.  Sure  I  am,  he  was  every 
way  so  i|iuililicd  for  the  part  he  had  in  the  follow- 
ing sufferings,  that  even  his  enemies  were  aston- 
ished and  confounded.'' 

As  we  think  of  the  manly  defense  made  by  the 
general,  with  the  executioner  and  his  halter  at  hand 
all  the  time,  and  of  his  last  words,  which  lie  uttered 
aloud  as  lie  left  his  judges,  condemned  to  a  fright- 
ful deatli  by  their  wicked  decree,  '"  that  he  had  no 
reason  to  be  ashamed  of  the  cause  in  which  he  was 
engnged"  and  of  his  choice  of  martyrdom  instead 
of  flight,  we  are  filled  with  admiration  for  the  faith 
and  the  courage  of  the  praying  and  preaching  gen- 
eral. And  then  when  we  tliiiik  of  him,  in  full 
view  of  Charles  II.,  and,  no  doubt,  of  several  of 
his  fair  and  frail  companions,  butchered  and 
dressed,  a  victim  of  royal  vengeance,  full  of  the 
most  triumphant  endurance  that  ever  made  the 
death  of  a  martyr  glorious,  we  bless  God  for  his 
invincible  grace,  and  we  praise  him  for  our  Bap- 
tist ancestry. 

The  enemies  of  Gen.  HarrLson  were  ready  to 
confess  his  extreme  conscientiousness,  his  fearless 
daring,  and  his  fervent  piety,  and  his  memory 
should  be  cherished  as  a  sacred  legacy  by  his  Bap- 
tist brethren  while  the  world  lasts. 

Harriss,  Col.  Samuel,  was  among  the  most  ef- 
fective preachers  tliat  ever  proclaimed  the  glad 
tidings  in  this  country.  He  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1724,  in  Hanover  Co.,  Va.  He  was  at  one  time 
church-warden,  sheriff,  justice  of  the  peace,  colonel 
of  the  militia,  and  captain  of  the  Mayo  Fort.  His 
position  was  respectable,  and  his  genial  disposition 
made  him  exceedingly  popular.  His  education  had 
been  liberal.  He  first  became  anxious  about  his 
soul  in  his  thirty-fourth  year.  On  one  of  his  jour- 
neys to  visit  the  fort  officially  he  called  at  a  small 
house,  where  he  learned  there  was  to  be  B.aptist 
preaching;  the  ministers  were  Joseph  and  William 
Murphy.  He  seated  himself  behind  a  loom  to  hide 
his  uniform.     The  eye  of  God,  however,  was  upon 


*  Ludlow's  Memoirs,  iii.  12. 


him,  and  his  heart  was  very  deeply  affected  :  but 
some  time  afterwards  the  Lord  revealed  his  love  to 
him  in  such  fullness  that,  in  an  ecstasy  of  jny,  he 
exclaimed,  ••  Glory  !  glory  I  glory!"  He  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Daniel  Marshall  in  175S,  it  is  be- 
lieved. He  forthwith,  like  converted  Paul,  began 
to  preach  Jesus.  At  first  his  labors  were  restricted 
to  some  neighboring  counties  of  Virginia  and  Xorth 
Carolina;  but  in  process  of  time  he  preached 
throughout  all  Virginia  and  many  parts  of  North 
Carolina.  He  was  not  ordained  for  years  after  he 
had  been  preaching.  This  event  occurred  in  1769; 
then  he  administered  the  ordinances.  The  first 
candidate  he  baptized  was  James  Ireland,  a  much 
persecuted  and  very  useful  Bajitist  minister  in  Vir- 
ginia. j\Ir.  Harriss  was  the  best-known  iiiau  in  his 
native  colony,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  Patrick  Henry 
could  control  a  vast  assemblage  by  a  power  supe- 
rior to  that  of  Samuel  Harriss.  His  ministry  was 
attended  by  conversions  in  very  large  numbers ; 
churches  sprang  up  on  the  line  of  his  missionary 
travels;  he  was  truly  the  apostle  of  Virginia.  Not 
a  few  of  his  spiritual  children  became  preachers 
after  the  order  of  Mr.  Harris,  and  the  aristocratic 
Episcopalian  colony  was  agitated  from  one  end  to 
the  other  by  these  B.iptist  innovators. 

Mr.  Harriss  feared  notliing ;  legal  prosecutions 
and  private  persecutions  had  no  effect  upon  him. 
He  was  the  owner  of  a  respectable  estate,  and  when 
he  was  converted  he  devoted  the  greater  part  of  it 
to  religious  objects.  He  had  been  erecting  a  new 
and  capacious  residence  before  the  Saviour  called 
him,  and  when  it  was  "covered  in"  he  made  it  a 
meeting-house,  and  lived  in  his  former  confined 
abode.  During  the  Revolutionary  war,  when  salt 
was  scarce,  he  kept  two  wagons  running  to  Peters- 
burg to  bring  it  up  for  his  neighbors. 

When  the  Baptists  in  Virginia  mistakenly  sup- 
posed, in  1774,  that  the  apostolic  office  still  ex- 
isted, Mr.  Harriss  was  elected  an  apostle,  but  he 
held  this  honor  for  only  a  few  months.  At  all 
meetings  of  delegates  of  the  churches  he  was  the 
presiding  officer.  Virginia  Baptists  loved  to  honor 
liim,  and,  under  God,  he  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  opening  the  prison-doors  of  the  Old  Dominion 
for  the  persecuted,  and  in  sweeping  away  the  foul 
ties  uniting  church  and  state. 

He  made  a  great  mistake  in  the  earlier  part  of 
his  Christian  life  in  denouncing  the  acceptance  by 
ministers  of  any  compensation  for  preaching  the 
Word.  This  unscriptural  and  unjust  doctrine 
nearly  ruined  some  of  God's  faithful  shepherds 
and  their  families ;  but  Col.  Harriss  was  led  to  see 
his  error  and  renounce  it.  Take  him  "  all  to- 
gether," he  was  a  dorious  man  of  God,  a  V^irginia 
Whitefield,  for  which  we  gratefully  bless  our  divine 
Redeemer.     He  died  in  the  year  1795. 

Hart,  Rev.  Jesse  M.,  pastor  at  El  Dorado,  Ark., 


HART 


505 


HAKT 


and  president  of  the  Arkansas  Baptist  Convention, 
was  born  in  Alabama  in  183S ;  began  to  preach  in 
Louisiana  in  1860,  near  the  Arkansas  line;  has 
preached  to  a  number  of  churches  in  both  States, 
beside  fillinj;  the  important  pastorates  of  ('amden 
:ind  El  Dorado,  Ark.  By  application  Mr.  Hart  has 
made  himself  an  effective  minister. 

Hart,  John,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, was  the  son  of  Edward  Hart,  of  Hope- 
well, a  man  of  considerable  importance,  who  raised 
a  company  of  volunteers  in  the  French  war,  and 
fought  bravely  in  the  campaign  against  Quebec. 

John  was  born  early  in  the  last  century  at  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  grew  up  in  high  esteem  among  his 
neighbors,  and  became  eminent  for  his  honesty, 
kindness,  modesty,  and  benevolence.  He  had  no 
taste  for  political  life,  made  few  speeches,  but  was 


driven  away  by  the  Hessians.  Though  the  old 
man  was  a  fugitive,  pursued  with  unusual  malice, 
sleeping  in  caves  and  in  thickets,  not  permitted  to 
visit  his  dying  wife,  his  spirit  was  not  broken,  nor 
did  he  despair  of  the  cause.  After  the  battle  of 
Princeton  he  came  from  his  hiding-place,  and  con- 
vened the  Legislature  at  Trenton.  He  died  Jlay 
11,  1779,  worn  out  by  his  labors  and  privations. 
j  In  1865  a  fine  monumental  shaft  of  Quincy 
granite  was  erected  by  the  State  of  New  Jersey 
near  the  old  BaptiSt  meeting-house  in  Hopewell  to 
honor  his  memory.  It  was  dedicated  July  4,  1865, 
with  imposing  ceremonies,  among  which  was  an 
eloquent  oration  by  Joel  Parker,  governor  of  the 
State,  upon  the  life  and  services  of  John  Hart. 
This  monument  prominently  exhibits  the  words, 
"Honor  the  P.\triot's  Grave."' 


4!4"T^l-m>"¥l'^   Bm.lI^tilS^^  ml 


:>HJLL.INGs. 


^""■ingos 


KPrSclai 


THIS  Bill  ofTHREESHlLLING 
is  emitted  by  a  XA'VV^  of  tlie  Colovt  of  ^Se'w-Jerfey, 
paffed  in  ^hc  Pourtcentli  Year  of  tlie  Reign  of  his  Majefty 
Kill"  GF  O  R  G  P,  tlxe  Tlliid.    Dated  M.^kcq  2j,  177^- 

Z'::ct  SHILLINGS. 


SPECIMEN    OF    NEW   JERSEY    MOXET    IX    1776,    UE.IRIXC    THE    SIGNATURE    OK   JOUK    HART. 


ready  with  brave  sacrificing  deeds.  Such  a  man 
could  not  remain  in  the  background  during  the 
period  preceding  the  birth  of  his  country's  nation- 
ality. He  was  identified  with  the  cause  of  the 
patriots  from  the  beginning.  When  he  entered  the 
Continental  Congress  of  1774  he  was  about  sixty 
years  of  age.  He  resigned  the  next  year,  and  be- 
came vice-president  of  the  Provincial  Congress  of 
New  Jersey.  He  was  again  elected  to  Congress  in 
1775,  and  he  was  re-appointed  to  the  same  body  by 
the  convention  of  New  Jersey  in  1776,  and  took 
his  place  among  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  In  the  same  year  he  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  and  re-elected  in  1777 
and  1778.  He  was  also  an  important  member  of 
the  Committee  of  Safety,  and  particularly  obnoxious 
to  the  British  and  Tories.  When,  in  1776,  the 
Legislature  fled  from  Princeton  to  Burlington,  to 
Pittstown,  in  Salem  Co.,  and  to  Iladdonfield.  where 
it  dissolved,  Mr.  Hart  returned  to  find  that  his  wife 
and  children  had  fled  to  the  mountains,  that  his 
crops  were  consumed,  and  that  his  stock  had  been 
33 


The  following  is  an  extract  from  Gov.  Parker's 
address : 

"As  his  public  career  was  without  blemish  so 
was  his  private  life  pure  and  exemplary.  He  was 
a  consistent  member  of  the  old  Hopewell  Baptist 
church,  and  gave  to  the  congregation  the  land  on 
which  the  meeting-house  was  erected,  and  in  which 
his  remains  are  now  deposited.  He  was  a  true 
patriot.  I  am  of  opinion,  after  a  cai-eful  exam- 
ination of  the  history  of  New  Jersey  during  and 
immediately  preceding  the  Revolutionary  war, 
that  John  Hart  had  greater  experience  in  the 
colonial  and  State  legislation  of  that  day  than  any 
of  his  cotemporaries,  and  that  no  man  exercised 
greater  influence  in  giving  direction  to  the  public 
opinion  which  culminated  in  independence.'' 

Hart,  Rev.  Oliver,  A.M.,  was  born  in  War- 
minster, Pa.,  July  6,  172o  ;  made  a  public  profes- 
sion of  religion  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  his  age ; 
was  ordained  at  Southampton,  Pa.,  Oct.  18,  1749. 
The  same  year  he  was  called  to  the  Baptist  church 
in  Charleston,  S.  C,  where  he  continued  thirty 


HARTLY 


506 


HART  WELL 


years.  IIo  was  well  ac(niiiiiited  with  Wliitefield 
and  Tennent,  and,  as  a  patriot,  traveled  in  South 
Carolina  to  enlighten  the  people  in  regard  to  their 
political  interests.  lie  was  chiefly  instrumental  in 
establishing  the  Charleston  Assooiatiun.  He  be- 
came pastor  at  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  in  1780,  and  died 
there  in  triumph  Dec.  .'H,  1795.  Two  funt^ral  ser- 
mons were  preached,  one  by  Rev.  Dr.  Rogers,  of 
Philadelphia,  the  other  by  Rev.  Dr.  Furman,  of 
Charleston.  The  College  of  Rhode  Island  (now 
Brown  University)  constituted  him  M.A.  at  its 
iirst  commencement.  Among  his  publications  are 
"Dancing  Exploded,"  "A  Discourse  on  the  Deatli 
of  Rev.  Wm.  Tennent,  1777,"  "The  Christian 
Temple,"  "  A  Circular  Letter  on  Christ's  Media- 
torial Character,"  and  "  The  Christian  Remem- 
brancer." 

Hartly,  Rev.  Wm.,  is  a  native  of  England;  or- 
dained, in  1S71,  at  Troy,  Mich.,  where  he  began 
his  work  as  a  minister;  came  to  Wisconsin  in 
1873,  and  became  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Hudson,  where  he  has  labored  seven  years  with 
growing  usefulness  as  a  pastor.  Mr.  Ilartly  is  a 
man  of  fine  natural  powers,  and  by  thorough  and 
most  industrious  devotion  to  study  he  is  proving 
himself  a  "  workman  tliat  needeth  not  to  be 
ashamed."  He  is  a  close  student  of  the  Bible,  and 
he  is  familiar  with  the  best  works  on  theology. 
His  genial  disposition  and  Christian  spirit  have 
obtained  for  him  the  respect  and  friendship  of 
many  besides  his  own  church  and  beyond  his  own 
denomination. 

Hartman,  Rev.  Jno.  H.,  pastor  of  the  Fourth 

Avenue  Baptist  church,  Pittsburgh,  was  born  April 
17,  1841,  in  Canaan,  Wayne  Co.,  0.  Converted  at 
the  early  age  of  nine,  he  soon  after  deemed  it  a 
personal  obligation  to  devote  his  life  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered 
upoii  liis  studies,  and  graduated  at  Vermillion  Col- 
lege, 0.,  in  1867,  and  from  Newton  Theological  Sem- 
inary in  1870 ;  ordained  Nov.  17,  1870,  in  Canton, 
Mass.  ;  baptized,  while  pastor  in  Canton,  71  per- 
sons ;  became  pastor  of  Salisbury  and  Amesbury 
church  in  Massachusetts,  June,  1874,  where  he 
baptized  99  on  profession  of  faith  ;  resigned  June, 
1878,  and  traveled  in  England  and  on  the  Continent. 
His  present  pastorate  commenced,  after  three 
months  of  supply  service,  Oct.  1,  1880.  Previous 
to  his  acceptance  of  the  doctrines  distinguishing 
the  Baptists  he  was  connected  with  the  "  Church 
of  God,"  of  which  body  his  father  was  a  licensed 
preacher. 

Hartsfield,  Rev.  Green  W.,  a  prominent  min- 
ister of  Grand  Cane  Baptist  Association,  La.,  who 
resides  at  Mansfield,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1833  ; 
came  to  Louisiana  in  1849  ;  educated  at  Mount 
Lebanon  University  ;  ten  years  pastor  at  Mansfield  ; 
has  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  colored  popula- 


tion, preaching  to  them,  holding  ministers'  institutes, 
and  aiding  in  the  organization  of  the  Northwestern 
Louisiana  (colored)  Baptist  Association,  of  which 
he  is  secretary.  As  president  of  Grand  Cane  Sun- 
day-School Convention  he  has  promoted  such  in- 
terest in  the  work  that  every  cliurch  in  the  Asso- 
ciation has  its  Sunday-scliool.  He  is  at  present 
laboring  successfully  as  an  evangelist  in  the  employ 
of  the  State  Convention. 

Hartt,  Prof.  Charles  Frederick,  son  of  Jarvis 
W.  Hartt,  was  born  at  Fredcrictun,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Aug.  23,  1840;  was  baptized  at  Wolfville, 
Nova  Scotia  ;  studied  at  Horton  Academy,  of  which 
bis  fatlier  was  principal ;  graduated  from  Acadia 
College  in  June,  18G0 ;  studied  geology  extensively 
in  the  Maritime  Provinces  and  the  United  States, 
and  became  Professor  of  Geology  in  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, N.  Y.,  and  continued  in  this  position  until 
his  death,  March  18,  1878.  He  was  leader  and 
director  of  the  Brazil  Geological  Survey,  and  fin- 
ished a  brilliant  career  in  that  great  scientific  un- 
dertaking. 

Hartt,  Jarvis  W.,  was  bom  in  New  Bruns- 
wick ;  taught  in  tlie  Uaptist  Seminary,  Fredericton; 
also  in  the  high  scliool  at  Wilniot,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  was  principal  of  the  Horton  Collegiate  Acad- 
emy from  1851  to  1860,  when  he  removed  to  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  and  conducted  a  young 
ladies'  school  for  several  years.     Died  in  1873. 

Hartwell,  Jesse,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts in  1795;  giaduatcd  at  Brown  University  in 
1816;  ordained  in  1821;  supplied  Second  church, 
Providence,  one  year.  He  then  removed  to  South 
Carolina;  became  pastor  at  High  Hills  and  Sumter- 
ville,  and  a  Professor  in  Furman  Theological  Insti- 
tute. In  1836  he  went  to  Alabama ;  was  pastor  at 
Carlowville,  president  of  the  Alabama  Baptist  Con- 
vention, Professor  of  Theology  in  Howard  College, 
president  of  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention.  In  1847  he  removed 
to  Arkansas,  and  founded  Camden  Female  Institute. 
In  1857  he  removed  to  Louisiana,  and  became  presi- 
dent and  Professor  of  Theology  in  Mount  Lebanon 
University.     He  passed  away  Sept.  16,  1859. 

Hartwell,  Jesse  Boardman,  D.D.,  son  of 
•Jesse  Hartwell,  D.D.,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Jesse 
Hartwell,  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  Darling- 
ton, S.  C,  Oct.  17,  1835.  Ilis  father  was  an  ardent 
friend  of  missions,  and  gave  him  to  that  work  from 
his  birth.  AVhen  Luther  Rice  returned  from  India 
he  called  upon  the  father.  At  the  door  he  met  his 
friend,  saying,  "  Brother  Rice,  my  missionary  has 
come,"  and  that  day  the  babe  was  dedicated  as  a 
missionary  to  the  heathen.  He  was  baptized  July 
14,  1850 ;  studied  at  How.ard  College,  Ala. ;  grad- 
uated at  Furman  University.  S.  C,  in  1855  ;  was 
Professor  in  Mount  Lebanon  University,  La.,  until 
December,  1857.     In  1858  he  was  appointed  by  the 


HARTWELL 


507 


HASCALL 


Southern  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Board  a  mission- 
ary to  China,  and  sailed  for  his  field  in  November, 
with  his  wife.  Miss  Eliza  H.  Jewett,  of  Macon,  Ga., 
to  whom  he  was  married  September  29.  They  la- 
bored two  years  at  Shanghai  ;  then  for  many  years 
at  Tung  Chau  Foo,  in  the  Shantung  province  of 
Northern  China,  where  they  opened  the  first  mis- 
sion, organized  a  church,  and  Mr.  Hartwell's  first 
convert  was  ordained  as  a  minister.  Here  they  were 
alone  for  many  years,  until  two  Presbyterian  fam- 
ilies came  to  labor  on  the  same  field.  Mrs.  Ilartwell 
died  in  June,  1870.  She  was  one  of  the  best  female 
missionaries  ever  sent  to  the  foreign  field  ;  she  spoke 
the  Chinese  tongue  fluently.  On  his  return  to  the 
United  States  he  marrieij  Miss  Julia  C.  Jewett,  his 
deceased  wife's  sister,  in  1872,  returned  to  China, 
but  was  compelled  by  his  wife's  health  to  come 
back  to  the  United  States.  After  four  years  he 
was  appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society  to  mission  work  in  California  among 
the  Chinese.  His  wife  died  Dec.  2,  1879,  ten  days 
after  their  arrival  at  San  Francisco.  Dr.  Hartwell 
has  a  mission  chapel  in  that  city,  and  is  an  enthu- 
siastic teacher  and  preacher  to  the  Chinese  of  Cali- 
fornia in  their  own  language. 

Hartwell,  Jolui  Bryant,  was  born  in  Alstead, 
N.  H.,  Oct.  17,  ISIG.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
Freshman  class  in  Brown  University  in  September, 
1838.  It  was  his  purpose  to  pursue  a  course  of  study 
in  order  to  fit  himself  to  enter  the  Christian  min- 
istry. Having  changed  his  mind  for  reasons  satis- 
factory to  himself,  he  left  college,  and  commenced 
business  in  Providence,  and  was  a  successful  mer- 
ohant,  consecrating  his  talent  and  his  property 
to  the  cause  of  his  Master.  He  became  a  deacon 
in  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  Providence,  and 
was  an  honor  to  the  office.  For  six  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Brown  Univer- 
sity. Death  suddenly  overtook  him,  and  he  passed 
away  in  the  prime  of  a  life  of  great  usefulness,  Dec. 
9,  1872.  "  It  is  the  testimony  of  those  who  knew 
him  most  intimately,"  says  President  Robinson, 
"  that  he  was  a  man  of  deep  religious  convictions, 
gentle  in  spirit,  persistent  in  purpose,  active  in 
life,  and  ready  for  death." 

Harvey,  Rev.  Adiel,  was  bom  at  Ashfield, 
Mass.,  .July  29,  ISOo,  and  was  baptized  when  twelve 
jrears  of  age.  He  graduated  at  Amherst  College 
in  the  class  of  1832.  After  teaching  for  a  time,  he 
«ntered  Newton  in  1835,  and  took  the  three  years' 
course.  On  completing  his  studies  at  Newton,  he 
settled  over  the  church  in  Westborough,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  some  eight  years,  and  then 
went  to  Plymouth,  Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  for 
thirteen  years.  In  the  summer  of  1858  he  removed 
to  Needham  Plains,  and  took  charge  of  a  young 
ladies'  school,  and  continued  in  his  work  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  June  23,  1864. 


Harvey,  Hezekiah,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Hulven, 
County  of  SuflTolk,  Kngland,  Nov.  27,  1821  ;  came 
to  America  in  1830,  and  was  graduated  by  Madi- 
son University  and  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary 
in  1847.  It  was  his  intention  to  become  a  foreign 
missionary,  but  poor  health  did  not  allow  his  cher- 
ished desire  to  have  accomplishment.  In  1847  he 
became  tutor  of  Languages  in  Madison  University, 
and  pastor  in  Homer,  N.  Y.,  in  1849  :  pastor  of  the 
First  church  in  Hamilton  in  1857,  and  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History  in  Madison  University  in 
1858  ;  Professor  of  Biblical  Criticism  and  Inter- 
pretation and  Pastoral  Theology  in  1861 ;  pastor 
in  Dayton,  0.,  in  1864,  when  failing  health  com- 
pelled his  resignation  ;  re-elected  to  a  professorship 
in  1869  in  Madison  University,  where  he  still  re- 
tains the  chair  of  Pastoral  Theology  and  New 
Testament  Exegesis ;  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Colby  University  in  1861. 

Prof.  Harvey  has  recently  yielded  to  the  desire 
of  his  students,  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  his  lectures  on  the  Chris- 
tian ministry  and  Baptist  polity,  and  the  society 
has  given  them  to  the  public  in  two  neat  volumes 
bearing  the  titles  of  '"The  Pastor"  and  "The 
Church."  The  works  have  been  most  favorably 
received,  and  commended  as  invaluable  alike  to  the 
minister  and  the  layman. 

Hascall,  Rev.  Daniel,  A.M.,  was  burn  in  Ben- 
nington, Vt..  Feb.  24,  1782,  of  Christian  parents, 
originally  from  Connecticut.  His  father  was  a 
Baptist  and  his  mother  aCongregationalist.  They 
were  careful  to  give  their  children  sound  religious 
instruction,  based  upon  their  constant  reading  of 
Edward  Hopkins  and  Bellamy,  and  paying  partic- 
ular attention  to  the  Westminster  Catechism.  In 
1785  his  parents  removed  to  Pawlet,  Vt.  Here  the 
educational  opportunities  were  very  limited,  being 
confined  to  school  in  the  winter  months,  to  a  small 
public  library,  and  to  private  instruction  ;  but  of 
these  Daniel  Hascall  took  the  largest  advantage, 
and  laid  the  foundations  of  his  future  great  and 
abiding  usefulness.  After  some  very  serious  and 
protracted  religious  struggles  he  was  converted  in 
1799,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Pawlet. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  teaching  during 
the  winter,  and  employed  his  evenings  and  free 
moments  in  hard  study,  so  that  in  1803  he  entered 
the  Sophomore  class  of  Middlcbury  College,  from 
which  he  was  regularly  graduated  in  1806.  During 
these  years  he  defrayed  his  expenses  by  his  own 
personal  effort.  From  1806  to.  1808  he  taught 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and,  so  far  as  his  duties  would 
allow,  used  his  time  in  reading  theology.  In  1808 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Eliza- 
bethtown.  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.  In  1813  he  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
a  place  at  that  time  described  as  located  in  a  '*  re- 


HASCALL 


508 


HASKELL 


gion  new  and  unsettled."  In  addition  to  his  duties 
as  pastor  he  was  cnjjuged  in  teaching,  and  he  also 
edited  in  part  tlie  Christian  Mngazint.  Feeling 
TCry  deeply  the  need  of  an  educated  ministry  for 


KEV.  DANIEL    IIVSCAI,!,,   A.M. 

the  Baptist  denomination,  he  bej^an  to  receive  pious 
young  men  into  his  family  aljout  1815,  and  through 
his  efforts,  in  1817,  the  Baptist  Education  Society 
of  the  State  of  New  York  was  formed,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  establisliment  of  the  Hamilton  Lit- 
erary and  Theological  Institution,  now  Madison 
University  (see  that  article).  Until  1828  he  con- 
tinued as  pastor  and  teacher,  when  he  resigned  the 
pastorate,  giving  himself  more  largely  to  the  work 
of  the  institution  and  Education  Society.  In  1.S35 
his  relations  with  the  institution  were  terminated, 
but  he  now  gave  his  attention  to  the  interests  of  an 
academy  at  Florence,  Oneida  Co. ;  removed  in  1837 
to  West  Rutland,  Vt.,  and  interested  himself  in 
the  Vermont  Baptist  Convention  ;  in  1848  l>ecame 
pastor  at  Lebanon,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1849  resided  in 
Hamilton  amid  scenes  so  dear  to  himself.  At  the 
time  when  the  removal  of  the  institution  was  de- 
bated, as  one  of  the  original  founders,  and  being 
the  only  person  who  could  properly  stand  forth  as 
the  legal  representative  of  this  location, — one  of 
those  who  proposed  to  the  citizens  of  Hamilton  the 
raising  of  a  certain  sum  of  money  for  its  location 
at  Hamilton, — he  plunged  into  the  controversy,  and 
at  times  alone,  and  at  times  reproached,  he  stood 
firm  to  his  position,  '"  It  shall  not  be  moved,"  and 
through  his  efforts  a  perpetual  injunction  against 
removal  followed.     His  prophecy  that  he  should 


live  to  see  the  institution  saved  and  then  die  was 
fulfilled.  He  died  -Tune  28,  ]S.")2.  His  published 
works  were  a  sermon,  "Cautions  against  False 
Philosophy,"— Col.  ii.  8  (1817)  :  "  Definition  of  the 
Orcek  Baptizo"  (pamphlet,  1818);  "Elements  of 
Theology  for  Family  Reading,"  pp.  260,  and  a 
smaller  work  for  Sunday-schools.  Daniel  Hascall 
was  a  great  man,  deeply  pious,  versatile  in  his 
genius,  heroic  in  his  positions,  sometimes  risking 
his  property  to  aid  the  enterprise  in  which  he  was 
engaged ;  industrious,  and  apparently  possessing 
inexhaustible  resources  of  physical  strength  and 
religious  faith.  To  him  more  than  to  any  other 
man  does  the  denomin.ation  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude 
for  the  advance  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  in 
Biblical  scholarship  of  its  ministry  in  the  United 
States.  (See  Sprague's  "  Annals"  and  Dr.  Eaton's 
"  Hi-storical  Discourse  in  First  Half-Century," 
Madison  University.) 

Haskell,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bridgeton, 
Mc.  .March  2(1,  1818.  While  he  w.is  a  child  the 
family  removed  to  Rockford,  HI.,  where  he  was 
baptized  by  Prof.  S.  S.  Whitman,  March  9.  1840. 
He  fitted  for  college  in  Sufiield.  Conn.,  graduated 
from  Brown  University  in  184.5,  and  studied  the- 
ology at  Hamilton,  finishing  the  course  in   1847. 


SAMUEL    HASKELL,  D.O. 

He  was  ordained  in  Suffield,  Aug.  4,  1847  ;  was 
pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Detroit  from  1847  to 
1852,  of  the  First  church  in  Kalamazoo  from  1852 
to  1871,  and  in  Ann  Arbor  from  1871  till  now. 
Each  of  these  churches  grew  in  numbers  and  strength 
under  his  pastoral  care.     For  thirty-three  years  he 


HA.^TIXGS 


509 


HATCH  Ell 


has  been  identified  with  every  important  enterprise 
conducted  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State.  No  man, 
living  or  dead,  has  had  a  hirger  share  than  he  in 
the  direction  of  our  denominational  work  in  Mich- 
igan, lie  was  secretary  of  the  State  Convention 
in  1854,  and  president  in  1866.  Madison  Univer- 
sity conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity ill  lsr>7. 

Hasting'S,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Rev.  Joseph  lias- 
tings,  was  Ijurn  in  Sufficld,  Conn.,  in  1743  ;  in  early 
life  he  was  worldly  ;  became  a  true  Christian  :  was 
settled  as  assistant  pastor,  with  his  father,  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Suffield  in  1775 ;  became 
sole  pastor  after  his  father's  death,  in  ITiSS,  and 
so  remained  till  liis  death  ;  trivveled  extensively 
through  the  country,  and  aided  in  gathering  a  num- 
ber of  churches  ;  his  own  became  the  most  efficient 
church  in  Connecticut  for  the  time;  he  baptized 
first  and  last  about  1100  persons ;  a  man  of  candor, 
kindness,  strength,  and  fervor;  died  in  Suffield, 
March  17,  1811.  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight.  His 
•wife  was  Rachel  Remmington,  of  Suffield. 

Hastings,  Rev.  Joseph,  of  Suffield.  Conn.  :  at 
first  a  uieniber  of  the  standing  order;  seceded  in 
the  Great  Awakening;  aided  in  forming  a  separate 
church  in  the  west  part  of  the  town,  of  which  he 
became  pastor;  immersed  in  1752;  in  176.3  assisted 
in  organizing  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Suffield, 
and  became  pastor  ;  was  at  this  time  sixty -six  years 
of  age  ;  remained  pastor  till  1775,  when  his  son 
John  was  associated  with  him  :  traveled  and 
preached  in  various  places  around  :  was  a  man  of 
power;  died  in  17S5.  aged  eiglity-two  years. 

Haswell,  James  M.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Ben- 
nington, Vt..  Feb.  4,  1<S10.  and  graduated  at  the 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
now  Madison  University,  in  1835.  The  question 
of  his  future  service  in  the  kingdom  of  his  Lord 
having  been  settled  by  his  decision  to  become  a 
•missionary  to  the  heathen,  he  received  his  appoint- 
ment from  the  Executive  Board  of  the  Missionary 
Union,  Aug.  3,  1835,  and  sailed  from  Boston  Sep- 
tember 22,  arriving  at  Maulmain  in  February, 
1836.  Having  qualified  himself  for  active  service 
by  mastering  the  language,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  evangelization  of  the  Peguans,  or,  as  they 
are  more  generally  called,  the  Talaings.  Into  tlie 
language  of  this  people  he  translated  the  New 
Testament,  and  wrote  and  published  tracts  for 
their  religious  benefit.  For  this  people  he  always 
felt  a  deep  interest  even  after  he  had  learned  the 
Burmese  language,  and  performed  missionary  labor 
among  the  Burmese.  He  urged  the  appointment 
of  a  missionary  to  the  people  for  whose  spiritual 
welfare  he  had  labored  in  some  of  the  last  letters 
he  wrote  home.  "  About  the  last  work  wrought 
by  his  trembling  hand  was  the  revision  and  prep- 
aration of  tracts  in  their  language."     In  1849,  Dr. 


Haswell  visited  the  United  States,  and  remained 
here  not  far  from  three  years,  and  in  1867  he  also 
made  a  short  visit  of  nine  months.  More  than 
forty  years  of  his  life,  with  the  exceptions  just 
referred  to,  he  spent  in  missionary  labors.  He  died 
Sept.  13,  1876. 

The  Executive  Board,  in  their  sixty-third  annual 
report,  speak  of  Dr.  Haswell  in  terms  of  deserved 
commendation.  '•  He  was  a  man  of  high  charac- 
ter, an  industrious  scholar,  an  adept  in  the  lan- 
guages and  literature  of  the  races  for  whom  he 
labored,  an  able  minister  of  the  now  covenant,  and 
a  devoted  servant  of  Christ.  He  had  few  supe- 
riors in  point  of  personal  character  and  missionary 
efficiency." 

Haswell,  Rev.  James  R.,  son  of  Dr.  James  M. 
Haswell,  was  liurii  in  Aniiierst,  Burmah.  Sept.  4, 
1836.  It  was  his  fathers  hope  and  prayer  that  in 
due  time  his  son  would  be  his  (issociate  in  mission- 
ary labor  among  the  Burmese.  Accordingly  he 
took  special  pains  in  his  early  days  to  make  him 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  language.  He  re- 
ceived his  collegiate  education  at  the  Madison 
University,  where  he  graduated  in  1857,  and  from 
the  theological  school  two  years  later.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1859,  he  sailed  for  Burmah.  It  was  not  long 
after  his  arrival  at  his  destined  station  that  he  was 
stricken  down  by  disease,  and  left  in  so  shattered 
a  condition  that  it  was  deemed  best  for  him  to  re- 
turn to  this  country  with  the  hope  that  he  might 
recruit  his  health.  He  had  in  a  measure  lost  his 
voice  and  his  hearing  was  impaired.  He  recov- 
ered his  voice  in  a  good  degree,  but  not  his  hear- 
ing. A  few  years  having  been  spent  in  the  United 
States,  he  returned  once  more  to  Burmah.  and  gave 
himself  to  his  work  as  a  missionary  with  great  zeal 
and  success.  Again  he  was  attacked  with  a  violent 
disease, — the  cholera, — and  in  a  few  hours  was  no 
more.     His  death  took  place  May  20,  1877. 

Hatch,  Rev.  £.  B.,  was  bom  in  East  Hardwick, 
Vt..  Fell.  S,  1831:  baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
and  educated  in  AVilliston  and  Johnson,  and  in 
the  theological  seminary  at  Fairfax  ;  was  licensed 
by  the  Johnson  church  in  October,  1852,  and  or- 
dained in  Lowell,  Vt.,  Jan.  3.  1856 ;  labored  as  an 
evangelist  at  St.  Armand  and  Standbridge,  prov- 
ince of  Quebec.  In  18.57  became  pastor  for  one 
year  at  Lancaster,  Wis.  In  18.58  settled  at  Clinton 
Junction,  and  remained  there  six  years.  In  1865 
moved  to  Thorn  Hill,  N.  Y.  In  October,  1870, 
moved  to  California,  where  he  has  labored  one 
year  at  San  Rafael,  four  years  at  Vallejo,  and  three 
years  at  Yountville.  In  the  last  two  places  he  built 
two  houses  of  worship.  He  is  a  good  pastor  and 
preacher,  has  baptized  many  converts,  and  is  an 
earnest  and  zealous  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Hatcher,  Rev.  Harvey,  was  born  in  Bedford 
Co.,  Va.,  July  16.  \>^'i'2,  in  the  same  house  in  which 


HATCHER 


510 


HA  V BLOCK 


Dr.  Jeter  was  born,  of  whom  he  was  a  near  rela- 
tion. He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Win.  Harris  in 
1849;  was  j;railuated  from  liiohiiumd  College  in 
1858;  served  the  churches  of  Portsmouth,  Va., 
Keytesville,  Mo.,  Sidney,  and  Kichmond,  Va.,  and  is 
now  associate  editor  of  the  Biblitul  Recorder.  Mr. 
Hatcher  is  an  older  l)rother  of  Dr.  W.  E.  Hatcher, 
of  Virginia,  and  possesses  much  of  the  wit  and 
humor  of  that  distinguished  pastor.  He  has  at- 
tained distinction  as  a  newspaper  writer  under 
the  iiom  deplume  of  G.  Washiiigion  Junes. 

Hatcher,  William  E.,  D.D.,  of  Virginia.— 
Among  the  tirst  men  of  Virginia  stands  Rev.  Dr. 
W.  E,  Hatcher,  pastor  of  the  Grace  Street  Baptist 
church,  Kichmond.  Born  July  25,  18.35,  in  the 
county  of  Bedford,  Va.,  he  pas.sed  his  youth 
among  those  blue  mountains  where  were  raised 
Buch  preachers  as  Dr.  Jeter,  the  late  Dr.  Daniel 
Witt  ("the  golden-mouthed  orator"),  and  a  large 
number  of  the  most  distinguished  ministers  which 
Virginia  ever  produced.  He  entered  Richmond 
College,  and  his  native  talent  and  close  application 
soon  enabled  him  to  take  rank  among  the  best  stu- 
dents in  his  class,  and  to  graduate  in  June,  1858, 
among  the  first. 

In  August.  1858,  he  took  charge  of  a  very  weak 
church  in  Manchester  (opposite  Richmond),  and, 
by  faithful,  juflicicius,  and  most  untiring  work,  he 
added  400  to  the  cluiroh,  and  made  it  not  only 
self-sustaining,  but  one  of  the  most  efficient  in  the 
State. 

From  Manchester  Dr.  Hatcher  went,  in  March, 

1867,  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Franklin  Square  Bap- 
tist cliurch,  Baltimore.  He  had  a  pleasant  and 
successful   year  with  this  church,  but  in  October, 

1868.  he  returned  to  liis  native  State,  and  took 
charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Petersburg. 
During  his  seven  years'  pastorate  there  Dr.  Hatcher 
refused  a  number  of  most  tempting  calls  to  other 
pastorates,  and  labored  on  in  his  chosen  field, 
where  he  added  to  the  church  .360,  and  built  up 
the  cause  to  an  extent  rarely  equaled. 

Besides  his  labors  in  the  pastorate,  Dr.  Hatcher 
has  been  a  remarkably  successful  preacher  in  pro- 
tracted meetings,  and  several  thousand  persons  have 
professed  conversion  in  connection  with  his  labors. 
In  1875  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Grace  Street 
chifrch  in  Richmond.  l>r.  Hatcher  is  a  man  of  rare 
and  varied  gifts.  As  a  preacher  he  is  a  remark- 
able sermonizer,  and  an  earnest  and  most  effective 
proclaimer  of  the  soul-saving  truths  of  the  gospel. 
Able,  simple,  earnest,  pathetic,  and  always p;oc/(- 
cal,  large  and  delighted  congregations  wait  on  his 
ministry. 

But  Dr.  Hatcher  is  even  more  efficient  in  his  pas- 
toral work  than  in  the  pulpit,  llis  genial  humor, 
keen  wit,  and  winning  manners  make  him  the  cen- 
tre of  attraction  to  the  social  circle,  while  his  de- 


vout piety,  warm  sympathies,  and  deep  earnestness 
make  him  always  a  welcome  visitor  to  the  houses 
of  his  people  and  the  "house  of  mourning."  He 
is  especially  popular  among  the  young,  is  a  first- 
class  Sunday-school  man,  and  has  had  very  large 
success  in  leading  boys  and  girls  to  the  Cross,  and 
putting  them  to  work  for  Jesus. 

Dr.  Hatcher  has  won  a  wide  reputation  as  a 
writer  of  keen  satire  and  a  popular  lecturer,  and 
he  is  destined  to  still  higher  renown  in  this  direc- 
tion. He  was  one  of  the  most  untiring  and  success- 
ful workers  in  the  great  Virginia  Memorial  enter- 
prise, and  has  won  a  place  among  the  best  collecting 
agents  in  the  country.  There  opens  up  before  few 
young  ministers  a  brighter  career  of  successful  work 
for  the  Master  whom  he  serves  so  f:iithfully. 

Havelock,  Maj.-Gen.  Sir  Henry,  K.C.B.,  was 

born  at  Bishop  Wearmouth,  County  of  Durham, 
England.  April  5,  1795.  He  had  six  brothers  and 
sisters.     It  was  the  custom  of  his  mother  to  assem- 


MAJ.-GEN.  SIR    HENRY    HAVEf.OCK,   K.C.B. 

ble  her  children  in  a  room  for  the  reading  of  the- 
Scriptures  and  prayers,  and  as  a  result  of  this  in 
early  youth,  Henry  had  serious  religious  impres- 
sions. When  at  the  Charterhouse  School,  he  and 
his  companions  met  together  regularly  in  one  of 
the  sleeping-rooms  for  religious  reading  and  con- 
versation. In  1814  he  became  a  law  pupil  nl 
Chitty,  a  distinguished  "special  pleader"' of  that 
day  ;  the  future  Judge  Talfourd  was  his  fellow- 
student.  Having  a  taste  for  the  military  profession, 
he  obtained  a  commission  in  the  English  army 
about  a  month  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo.     To  fit 


HAVE  LOCK 


511 


HA  WTHORNE 


himself  for  his  new  calling  he  read  every  military 
work  which  he  could  procure,  and  made  himself 
familiar  with  all  the  great  battles  in  liistory  and 
the  tactics  of  all  famous  military  commanders. 

While  sailing  to  India  in  the  "General  Kyd"  in 
1823  he  first  found  peace  with  God  through  the 
blood  of  the  Lamb.  Until  this  time  he  liad  a  great 
reverence  for  Jehovah  and  his  religion,  but  he  had 
never  realized  that  his  sins  were  blotted  out  by 
faith  in  the  crucified  Saviour.  This  rich  revela- 
tion of  divine  love  and  grace  in  his  soul  was,  as  it 
is  in  every  case,  as  lasting  as  life,  and  will  be  as 
continuous  as  eternity  ;  and  it  produced  the  great- 
est results  in  his  future  career.  In  the  first  British 
war  witli  Burmah,  while  in  Rangoon  his  attention 
was  attracted  by  the  "  magnificent  Shway-dagong" 
pagoda.  It  had  a  chamber,  with  images  of  Buddha 
all  around  it  in  a  sitting  posture.  Ilavelock  selected 
this  room  for  the  prayer-meeting  of  his  pious  sol- 
diers. An  officer  once  heard  the  sound  of  "  psalm- 
singing"  coming  from  the  pagodix,  and,  following 
it,  he  was  led  into  the  place  of  worship.  Ilavelock 
was  expounding  the  Scriptures;  about  a  hundred 
soldiers  were  around  him  ;  the  only  light  which 
they  had  came  from  lamps  placed  in  the  laps  of 
the  surrounding  idols.  The  scene  was  a  strange 
one  in  every  way,  and  yet  it  was  as  glorious  as  it 
was  remarkable.  But  in  this  fashion  the  young 
oflicer  trained  his  men,  and  tlie  result  was  that  they 
became  the  bravest  and  the  most  moral  soldiers  in 
the  army,  in  which  they  were  called  "  Havelock's 
saints' ' ;  and  they  were  often  employed  on  occa- 
sions demanding  special  heroism.  While  on  a 
mission  to  the  king  of  Burmah,  Ilavelock  was 
"  formally  invested  with  a  title  of  nobility  and  an 
official  dress.'' 

lie  was  married  Feb.  9,  1829,  to  Hannah,  the 
third  daughter  of  Dr.  Marshman,  one  of  the  cele- 
brated companions  of  Dr.  Carey,  the  missionary. 
lie  was  baptized  April  4,  1830,  at  Serampore  by 
the  Rev.  John  Mack,  and  was  ever  after  identified 
with  the  Baptists. 

In  Afghanistan,  in  1842,  after  13,000  English 
troops  had  been  destroyed  by  a  treacherous  sur- 
prise, Ilavelock  was  with  Sir  Robert  Sale  at  Jella- 
labad  ;  famine  stared  the  soldiers  in  the  face ;  hosts 
of  Afghan  warriors  surrounded  them  ;  retreat  was 
certain  destruction.  Ilavelock  commanded  one 
of  three  columns,  each  of  them  five  hundred  strong, 
in  an  attack  upon  the  besieging  Afghans.  After  a 
short  but  fierce  struggle  his  division  routed  the 
wing  opposed  to  it,  and,  being  speedily  joined  by 
the  other  two,  the  enemy,  many  thousand  .strong, 
fled  in  terror,  leaving  great  numbers  of  their  dead 
and  wounded  upon  the  field.  He  fought  bravely 
in  the  Sikh  war,  but  secured  the  greatest  distinc- 
tion in  the  Indian  mutiny.  When  that  frightful 
calamity  fell  upon  the  Europeans  of  India  Havc- 


lock  rushed  to  the  scene  of  danger.  lie  gained 
several  victories  near  Cawnpore,  and  rescued  it 
from  Nana  Sahib,  the  -butcher  of  hundreds  of 
European  women  and  children,  whom,  wounded 
and  dead,  he  cast  into  a  great  well.  Then  Ilave- 
lock, in  a  .second  attempt,  reached  Lucknow,  fight- 
ing, it  is  supposed,  nearly  50,000  drilled  Sepoys 
with  2500  men,  and  carrying  on  a  battle  through 
three  miles  of  the  city,  "  where  each  house  formed 
a  separate  fortress,"  until  he  reached  the  British 
Residency,  and  gave  ample  protection  to  the  women 
and  children  and  the  slender  garrison,  who  expected 
death  every  day.  He  continued  here  until  Sir  Colin 
Campbell  brought  a  powerful  reinforcement,  and 
rescued  the  Europeans  in  Lucknow.  Brave  Ilave- 
lock after  this  deliverance  sank  rapidly  under  a 
deadly  disease,  and  passed  away  Nov.  22,  18.59. 

In  his  last  moments  he  said  to  Sir  James  Outram, 
"For  more  than  forty  years  I  have  so  ruled  my 
life  that  when  death  came  I  might  face  it  with- 
out fear.  I  am  not  in  the  least  afraid ;  to  die  is 
gain.  I  die  happy  and  contented."  To  his  oldest 
son,  who  waited  upon  him  with  great  tenderness, 
he  said,  "  Come,  my  .son,  and  see  how  a  Christian 
can  die.'' 

Gen.  Havelock  believed  that  God  was  with  him 
and  that  he  ruled  everything,  and  he  was  as  cool 
in  appalling  dangers  as  if  nothing  could  injure 
him.  Wherever  he  was  he  found  out  the  people 
of  God  and  joined  in  their  worship.  He  main- 
tained his  religious  character  among  the  most  un- 
godly young  officers  of  the  English  army  in  India, 
and  he  was  always  ready  to  confess  his  supreme 
attachment  to  tlie  King  of  Kings.  Ilis  death  created 
the  greatest  gloom  in  the  British  Islands ;  as  a 
Christian  and  as  a  military  hero  he  is  revered 
throughout  his  own  country,  and  known  and  es- 
teemed over  the  world.  Just  before  his  death  he 
was  made  a  baronet,  with  a  pension  of  £1000  a 
year.  A  statue  by  public  subscription  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory  in  Trafalgar  Square,  Lon- 
don. Had  this  eminent  Baptist  lived  a  few  years 
longer  no  doubt  he  would  have  risen  to  the  highest 
grade  of  the  British  peerage ;  but  the  Lord  ele- 
vated him  to  be  a  king  and  a  priest  with  himself 
in  the  ekies. 

Hawthorne,  J.  B.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church.  Riilnnond.  Va..  was  born  May  16, 
1837,  in  Wilcox  Co..  .\la.  His  father  was  a  de- 
voted Baptist  minister  of  an  old  and  honored  fam- 
ily. Young  Hawthorne  was  converted  early  in 
life,  and  after  completing  his  literary  studies  at 
Howard  College,  in  his  native  State,  he  spent  about 
three  years  in  the  study  and  practice  of  law  in 
Mobile.  .  Under  a  conscientious  sense  of  duty  he 
decided  to  abandon  his  profession  and  engage  in 
the  ministry.  He  re-entered  Howard  College,  and 
pursued  a  course  of  study  in  the  theological  depart- 


HA  WTHORNE 


512 


HAYCRAFT 


ment.  On  the  22d  of  September,  1859,  at  Frieud- 
sliip  Baptist  oliurcli,  in  his  native  county,  he  was 
ordained  to  the  work  of  tlie  ministry.  Soon  after- 
wards he  became  pastor  of   tlie  Second  Baptist 


J.  B.  HAWTHORNE,  D.D. 

church  in  the  city  of  Mobile.  Here  his  reputation 
as  a  preacher  and  pastor  was  rapidly  rising,  when, 
in  1863,  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  chap- 
lain of  an  Alabama  regiment,  in  which  capacity 
his  labors  were  very  useful.  At  tlie  close  of  the 
war  he  accepted  the  care  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Selma,  Ala.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and 
was  then  called  to  the  jiastorate  of  the  Franklin 
Square  Baptist  church,  Baltimore.  After  a  suc- 
cessful pastorate  there  of  two  years,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Albany,  N.  Y. 
From  Albany  he  was  called  to  the  Broadway  Bap- 
tist church,  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  While  here  a  beautiful  church 
edifice  was  erected,  costing  over  ISIOO.OOL),  and  ded- 
ipated  entirely  free  of  debt.  From  Louisville  he 
was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Tabernacle  Bap- 
tist church  of  New  York  City,  which  greatly  pros- 
pered under  his  faithful  labors.  Failing  health 
and  the  rigors  of  a  Xortliern  climate  culminating 
in  a  sickness  which  was  nigh  unto  death,  compelled 
him  reluctantly  to  leave  this  field  of  labor,  and 
late  in  the  year  1.875  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Montgomery,  Ala.  Here  in  his 
native  State  his  health  greatly  improved,  and  his 
ministry  was  largely  blessed.  The  denomination 
increased  in  numbers  and  in  influence,  and  the  spe- 
cial tenets  of  the  Baptist  faith  won  thoir  way  to  the 


favorable  consideration  of  all  sects.  In  the  autumn 
of  1879,  Dr.  Hawthorne  was  invited  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Kichmond,  Va., 
which  he  accepted.  Succeeding  such  pastors  as 
IManly,  Burrows,  and  Warren,  he  has  at  once  won 
the  regard  and  admiration  of  the  vast  audiences 
which  regularly  crowd  the  church.  Dr.  Hawthorne 
is  in  the  prime  of  life,  tall,  dignified,  and  of  com- 
manding presence.  He  has  great  power  as  an  im- 
pressive speaker.  His  thoughts  are  fresh  and 
stimulating,  his  language  graceful,  his  utterance 
deliberate.  He  has  considerable  dramatic  power, 
easily  winning  and  holding  the  attention  of  his 
hearers.  As  a  lecturer,  also,  he  has  secured  a  flat- 
tering reputation,  and  in  evangelistic  labors  he  hiis 
been  greatly  blessed  by  gracious  revivals  and  nu- 
merous conversions. 

Hawthorne,  Rev.  Kedor,  was  born  in  Robin- 
s(in  Co.,  X.  C.  in  -January,  1797,  and  moved  to 
Alabama  in  1.S17  and  settled  in  Conecuh  County; 
was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Ale.x.  Travis  in  1825,  and 
began  to  preach  two  or  three  years  afterwards ; 
spent  about  fifty  years  in  the  ministry,  planted 
many  churches  in  South  Alabama  and  West  Flor- 
ida, baptized  about  4500  believers  in  Christ,  and 
died  in  peace  the  latter  part  of  August,  1877,  at 
the  age  of  eighty  years.  He  was  a  pure  man  and 
an  able  minister  of  the  New  Testament.  He  reared 
a  most  interesting  family,  the  gifted  Rev.  J.  B. 
Hawthorne,  D.D.,  now  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  the 
Rev.  Gen.  Hawthorne,  of  Texas,  being  sons  of  his. 
The  latter  was  a  brigadier-general  in  the  Confed- 
erate army,  and  the  former  has  reached  the  highest 
celebrity  as  a  preacher. 

Haycraft,  Rev.  N.  P.,  was  bom  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  Ky.,  April  9,  1797.  He  was  converted  in 
May,  1S31  ;  ordained  in  1834  in  Illinois.  In  1835 
he  removed  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Lewis  County. 
He  cultivated  his  farm,  and  was  a  missionary  of 
the  Bethel  Association  and  of  the  General  Associ- 
ation in  North  Missouri  for  six  years  from  1842. 
He  baptized  over  400  persons  in  the  different 
churches  in  which  he  ministered.  He  endured 
heat  and  cold,  toil  and  self-denial,  for  the  Saviour's 
sake.  In  1849  he  went  to  California,  and  return- 
ing, began  to  preach  Jesus.  He  has  helped  to  or- 
ganize thirteen  churches  and  to  ordain  seventeen 
ministers.  He  is  now  eighty-four  years  old,  and 
says,  "Mv  lahors  are  well-nigh  done." 

Haycraft,  Samuel,  a  distinguished  citizen  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  Elizabethtown,  Aug.  14, 
1795.  He  was  clerk  of  the  county  and  circuit 
courts,  practised  law,  and  represented  his  district 
in  the  State  senate.  Mr.  Haycraft  joined  Severn's 
Valley  Baptist  church,  the  oldest  congregation  in 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  in  early  manhood.  He 
was  one  of  the  constituents  of  the  Baptist  Conven- 
tion and  General  Association  of  Kentucky,  and  a 


HAYCIiOFT 


513 


HA YMAK 


generous  contributor  to  its  objects,  lie  assisted 
liberally  in  the  endowuicnt  of  Georgetown  College 
and  tlie  .Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 
lie  was  connected  with  the  Sabbath-school  of  his 


S.VMLEI.    1IAVCR.\FT. 

church  as  superintendent  and  teacher  forty  years. 
He  was  a  brilliant  and  humorous  speaker  and 
charming  writer,  a  gentleman  of  superior  culture, 
an  almost  unrivaled  conversationalist,  and  during 
his  long  life  made  good  use  of  his  talents  in  de- 
votion to  Christianity  and  practical  benevolence. 
He  died  Dec.  22,  ISTS. 

Haycroft,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  for  several  years 
one  of  the  most  eminent  ministers  of  the  English 
Baptists,  was  born  near  Exeter,  Feb.  14,  1821. 
Having  joined  the  church  at  Thorvcrton,  Devon- 
shire, in  early  youth,  and  manifesting  a  desire  to 
enter  the  ministry,  he  was  admitted  to  Stepney 
College,  and  subsequently  studied  at  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow.  His  first  settlement  was  at  Saffron, 
Walden,  in  Essex,  as  co-pastor  with  the  Rev.  T. 
Wilkinson.  Thence,  after  some  years  of  successful 
labor,  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Broad- 
mead  church,  Bristol.  During  this  pastorate,  which 
cmtinued  for  eighteen  years,  he  rose  to  the  eminent 
place  in  the  denomination  which  he  held  at  his 
death.  In  18G6  he  removed  to  Leicester  to  take 
charge  of  a  new  church,  and  in  the  midst  of  his 
work  and  the  fullness  of  his  powers,  died  Feb.  Iti, 
1H73,  aged  fifty-two.  His  indomitable  energy  and 
high  culture  secured  him  the  respect  of  the  com- 
munity, whilst  his  services  to  the  denomination  en- 
deared him  to  his  brethren,  and  marked  him  as  a 


leader  to  whom  the  highest  trusts  might  be  confi- 
dently committed.  Though  a  prolific  writer  and  a 
brilliant  orator,  he  published  little.  lie  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Glasgow  University,  with 
appropriate  congratulations  upon  his  high  attain- 
ments. 

Hayden,  Lucian,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Winsted, 
Conn.,  in  LSUS  ;  baptized  in  Bethany,  Wayne  Co., 
Pa.,  in  August,  18:10  ;  was  graduated  in  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  in  1836;  ordained  in  Dover,  X.  H.,  in  June, 
18.38.  lie  was  pastor  there  four  years,  at  Saxton's 
River,  Vt.,  fourteen  years,  and  at  New  London, 
N.  II.,  eleven  years ;  had  charge  of  Theological 
Institute  for  Freedmen  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  for  a  few 
months,  and  for  three  years  of  Indianapolis  (In- 
diana) Female  Institute  :  pastor  at  Grafton,  Vt.,  for 
three  years,  and  now  is  settled  at  Dunbarton,  N.  II. : 
was  two  years  president  of  Vermont  Baptist  State 
Convention,  and  one  year  of  New  Hampshire  State 
Convention  ;  elected  a  member  of  New  Hampshire 
Legislature  from  New  London  in  1865 ;  author  of 
"  Pure  Christianity  Characterized  by  Spirituality," 
published  by  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  ; 
received  D.D.  from  Madison  Umversity.  Dr.  Hay- 
den is  an  excellent  pastor  and  preacher,  distin- 
guished for  piety  and  practical  wisdom,  and  has 
long  been  esteemed  one  of  our  prominent  men  in 
Northern  New  Engliind. 

Haygood,  Rev.  Francis  M.,  of  Lithonia,  was 
born  in  Clark  Co.,  Ga.,  Aug.  IS,  1817.  He  pro- 
fessed a  hope  and  united  with  Mars  Hill  church  in 
1835;  was  licensed  in  1840;  attended  the  theo- 
logical department  of  Mercer  University  in  1840 
and  1841,  at  Penfield,  and  was  ordained  at  Canton 
in  1847.  For  a  few  years  he  taught  school,  but 
for  forty  years  has  been  an  evangelistic  preacher, 
and  a  laborious  and  faithful  colporteur  and  Sun- 
day-school worker.  He  has  had  charge  of  several 
churches  in  different  parts  of  the  State  ;  was  for 
some  years  the  depository  agent  of  the  Georgia  Bap- 
tist Bible  and  Colporteur  .Society  at  Macon,  and 
for  many  years  the  successful  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can Tract  Society  of  New  York,  a  position  he  fills 
at  present.  All  his  life  he  has  been  a  hard-work- 
ing an<l  faithful  Christian  laborer. 

Hayman,  Rev.  J.  M. — Henry  Hayman,  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  on  the  Eastern 
.Shore  of  Maryland.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  after  its  close  he  married 
Mollie  Goodall,  and  settled  in  Burke  Co.,  Ga. 
Here  he  reared  his  family.  James,  his  son,  was  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  His  maternal 
grandfather,  Rev.  James  Martin,  of  Bryan  Co.,  Ga., 
was  a  Dunkard  Baptist  minister.  James  Martin 
Hayman,  of  whom  we  write,  is  the  oldest  child  of 
James  and  Delila  (Martin)  Hayman,  and  was  born 
in  Bryan  Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  28,  1822.  He  professed  re- 
ligion and  was  baptized  by  Elder  John  Tucker,  in 


HA VMORE 


514 


HAYNES 


Hernando  Co.,  Fla.,  Aug.  7,  1844,  and  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  Alafia  church,  of  Hillsborough  County, 
June  17,  1X51,  and  at  the  request  of  the  same 
church  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  Nov.  10,  1851, 
Elders  John  Tucker,  Daniel  Edwanis,  and  M.  N. 
Strickland  constituting  the  Presbytery. 

He  informs  the  writer  that  his  diary  shows  that 
he  has  traveled  25,OJO  miles  in  the  discharge  of 
ministerial  labors,  preached  500  sermons,  besides 
lectures  and  other  labor,  and  baptized  319  persons. 

Elder  Hayman  moved  to  .South  Florida  when  it 
was  almost  a  wilderness,  and  so  sparsely  inhabited 
that  he  would  often  ride  forty  miles  from  one  com- 
munity to  another.  lie  has  lived  to  see  the  fruit 
of  his  labors  to  a  considerable  degree.  Mr.  Hay-' 
man  is  a  prudent  man,  whose  ministry  has  been  a 
blessing. 

Haymore,  Rev.  C.  C,  was  born  in  Vadkin  Co., 
N.  ('.,  ill  1.S48  ;  baptized  in  1809  by  Uev.  J.  II. 
Lewellyn  ;  ordained  in  1870 ;  was  a  student  for  a 
while  at  Vake  Forest  College,  and  is  now  the  effi- 
cient pastor  of  Mount  Airy  church. 

Haynes,  Albert  6.,  was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Ga., 
Aug.  1 , 1 805 ;  was  c^lucated  at  Monticello,  JasperCo., 
Ga. ;  resided  for  two  years  in  the  forks  of  the  Talla- 
poosa River,  Ala. ;  resided  seven  years  in  Noxubee 
Co.,  Miss. ;  removed  to  Texas  in  tlie  fall  of  1842.  He 
was  a  prominent  participator  in  the  efforts  to  es- 
tablish the  Baptist  church  at  Independence.  He 
served  as  moderator  of  the  Union  Association  at 
one  or  two  important  sessions.  He  acted  as  deacon 
for  nearly  thirty  years,  and,  besides  contributing 
liberally  of  his  means  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  dis- 
pensed a  princely  hospitality  at  his  residence  dur- 
ing his  lifetime.  He  held  the  offices  of  notary  and 
magistrate,  and  represented  the  county  of  Wash- 
ington in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a  trustee 
and  treasurer  of  Baylor  University  for  many  years, 
aiding  by  all  means  in  his  power  in  promoting  the 
cause  of  religion  and  education.  He  died  May  22, 
1870.  He  was  a  leading  man  in  all  religious  and 
political  assemblii'S  in  Ti'Xas  from  1X42  to  1870. 

Haynes,  Rev.  Dudley  C,  was  bom  in  Port- 
land, Me.,  Sept.  15,  1809.  He  was  converted  in 
the  winter  of  1831,  and  united  with  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Portland,  by  which  he  was  licensed 
to  preach.  lie  entered  the  prepar.atory  department 
of  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1N32,  and 
gradnated  from  the  seminary  in  ]S;57.  He  liecame 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Marblchead,  Mass., 
by  which  he  was  ordained  immediately  on  leaving 
the  seminary.  lie  has  also  been  pastor  at  Middle- 
town.  Conn.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Brunswick,  Me.,  Hyan- 
nis,  Mass.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Bainbridge  and  Union. 
N.  Y..  where  now,  in  the  seventy-second  year  of 
his  age,  he  is  actively  engaged  in  pastoral  work. 
During  these  forty-four  years  of  uninterrupted 
labor,  he  has  at  different  times  served  the  Amer- 


ican Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  American  Tract 
Society.  On  resigning  his  pastorate  at  Philadel- 
phia he  became  the  district  secretary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Publication  Society  for  New  England, 
in  which  work  he  was  very  successful.  He  was 
afterwards  corresponding  secretary  of  the  American 
and  Foreign  Bible  Societj'  for  four  years.  During 
the  war  he  was  engaged  as  the  general  agent  of  the 
American  Freedmen's  Relief  Association  and  the 
American  Freedmen's  Union  Commission,  visiting 
California  twice  for  these  societies,  and  Europe 
once,  and  raising  large  sums  of  money. 

He  has  also  had  charge  at  different  times  of  the 
affairs  of  the  American  Colonization  Society  and 
of  the  American  Peace  Society  in  specially  desig- 
nated fields.  During  Mr.  Haynes'  secretaryship 
for  the  Publication  .Society  he  wrote  "  The  Baptist 
Denomination,"'  a  book  published  by  .Sheldon  & 
Co.,  which  had  a  large  sale  previous  to  the  w.ir. 

This  is  a  brief  sketch  of  a  life  of  unceasing 
activity  and  usefulness.  Few  men  have  done  so 
much  hard  work  and  enjoyed  such  remarkable 
health. 

Haynes,  Rev.  Emory  J ,  was  bom  at  Cabot, 
Vt.,  Feb.  6,  1840.  Ills  father  and  grandfather 
were  Methodist  Episcopal  mi;iisters  of  considerable 
note  in  that  denomination.  In  1803  he  made  a 
public  profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  1808  he  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Wesleyan  University,  of  Middle- 
town,  and  was  immediately  settled  as  pastor  of  a 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  Norwich,  Conn.  In 
1870  he  was  put  in  charge  of  St.  Paul's  church, 
Fall  River,  and  two  years  later  he  was  transferred 
to  Hanson  Place  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Here  he  drew  great  throngs  of 
people,  and  the  church  found  it  necessary  to  in- 
crease the  capacity  of  their  house.  In  1875  he  took 
charge  of  the  Seventh  Avenue  church  in  the  same 
city.  Two  years  later  his  convictions  led  him  re- 
luctantly to  sever  his  connection  with  the  Method- 
ists and  unite  with  the  Baptists.  He  was  liaptized 
in  the  Fifth  Avenue  Baptist  church  by  Thomas 
Armitage,  D.D.,  and  on  that  occasion  m.ide  public 
his  reasons  for  the  change.  He  was  very  soon 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Washington  Avenue 
Baptist  church,  Brooklyn.  During  the  three  years 
of  his  labor  a  large  number  have  been  added  to  the 
church.  He  is  a  fluent  and  eloquent  preacher,  his 
discourses  abounding  in  illustrations,  showing  a 
warm  heart  and  an  earnest  desire  for  the  spiritual 
welfare  of  the  people.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  "  Are  These  Things  So?''  gems  of  thought 
selected  from  his  sermons. 

Hajmes,  J.  A.,  M.D.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  King 
and  Queen  Co.,  A'a.,  Dec.  13.  1S22.  He  was  edu- 
cated by  his  father  in  part,  and  at  the  Virginia  Bap- 
tist  Seminary   (Richmond   College).      He    subse- 


HA  YNES 


515 


HEATH 


quently  entered  the  Columbian  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1843.  After  having  served  for  a  year 
as  principal  of  the  Bi-uington  Academy,  he  attended 
lectures  at  tlie  National  Medical  College  (the  Co- 
lumljian  College)  during  the  session  of  1844-45, 
and  completed  his  medical  course  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  I'hiladelphia,  where  he  graduated 
in  1846.  After  practising  his  profession  in  King  and 
Queen  and  Clarke  Counties,  Va.,  for  some  time,  ho 
felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  ])reach  the  gospel,  and  was 
licensed  by  the  Berryville  church,  Clarke  County, 
in  1853,  and  ordained  in  185".  After  laboring  for 
a  while  in  behalf  of  the  State  Mission  Board,  he  be- 
came principal  of  the  Clarke  Female  Seminary,  at 
Berryville.  In  the  fall  of  1860,  Dr.  Ilaynes  re- 
moved to  Loudon  County,  having  .accepted  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Ebenezer  and  of  Middleburg  churches, 
the  former  in  1858,  the  latter  in  1859.  In  1807 
he  left  Ebenezer  and  took  charge  of  Long  Branch. 
While  residing  at  Middleburg,  he  also  had  charge 
of  a  young  ladies'  seminary  until  1876.  Dr.  Ilaynes 
has  preached  frequently  in  the  adjoining  counties, 
assisting  in  protracted  meetings,  and  rendering 
efficient  services  in  Associational  and  kindred  meet- 
ings, by  means  of  liis  good  judgment  and  independ- 
ence. Richmond  College  conferred  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  upon  him  in  1877.  Dr.  Ilaynes  died 
very  suddenly  in  the  early  part  of  1880. 

Haynes,  Lucius  M.  S.,  D.D.,  is  the  sun  of  Rev. 
D.  C.  Ilaynes,  and  was  born  at  Marblehead,  JIass., 
in  February,  1838.  He  was  graduated  at  the  High 
School,  Philadelphia,  and  studied  at  Newton  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  at 
Augusta,  Me. 

Early  in  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  the  4th  Maine 
Light  Artillery.  After  serving  one  year  he  re- 
signed, and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  Oswego,  N.  Y.  lie  was  afterwards 
induced  to  accept  a  call  from  Watertown,  then  from 
Norwich,  and,  after  the  death  of  the  lamented  Dr. 
Lyman  Wriglit,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Binghaniton  Baptist  church,  N.  Y.  His  earnest 
and  faithful  labor  in  all  these  leading  churclies  in 
Central  New  York,  his  fidelity  to  his  denominaticm, 
and  his  ability  in  the  pulpit,  have  given  him  a  high 
position  in  the  estimation  of  his  brethren.  Tlie 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  wa.s  con- 
ferred upiin  liiiii  liy  Madison  I'niversity. 

Haynes,  Rev.  Sylvanus,  was  born  in  Prince- 
ton, Mass.,  Feb.  22,  1708 ;  commenced  to  preach  in 
March,  1789;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Middletown,  Vt.,  where  he  remained 
twenty-si.\  years,  liis  ministry  being  accompanied 
with  aliundant  fruits.  He  removed  to  Elliridge, 
Vt.,  in  1817,  and  there  preached  with  great  success 
for  several  years.     He  died  Dec.  30,  1820. 

Hazen,  Rev.  J.  H.,  for  many  years  a  pastor  in 


Illinois,  now  laid  aside  in  consequence  of  injuries 
received  while  a  chaplain  in  the  army,  is  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  born  Sept.  10,  1824,  of 
Massachusetts  Puritan  stock  on  the  father's  side, 
and  on  the  mother's  of  Scottish  descent,  his  grand- 
mother having  come  from  the  Highlands  of  Scot- 
land. He  was  converted  at  twelve,  and  licensed  to 
preach  at  seventeen,  by  the  First  church  of  Provi- 
dence, into  whose  fellowship  he  had  been  baptized. 
He  studied  at  Providence  Academy  and  at  the 
Northwestern  Institute.  Sharon,  Pa.,  taking,  sub- 
sequently, a  two  years'  course  in  theology  in  a 
private  class  under  Dr.  John  Winter.  During  the 
twenty-eight  years  of  his  pastoral  service  he  has 
labored  with  churches  at  Salem,  where  he  was  or- 
dained in  1844,  Georgetown,  and  Meadville,  Pa., 
and  in  Illinois  at  Brimfield,  Peoria,  and  Amboy. 
During  the  war  he  served  in  the  army  both  as  chap- 
lain and  as  surgeon,  and  by  injuries  and  overwork 
was  completely  disabled.  His  present  home  is  Am- 
boy, where,  though  released  from  active  service,  he 
shares  the  sympathy  and  esteem  of  his  brethren  as 
a  true  man  ami  ■'  n  good  minister  of  Jesus  Christ." 

Heard,  Rev.  George  Felix,  son  of  Col.  Abram 
and  Nancy  Heard,  was  born  in  Greensborough,  Ga., 
Feb.  29,  1812  ;  prepared  for  college  at  Athens,  Ga. ; 
entered  University  of  Georgia  in  same  place,  and 
graduated  with  honor  in  1829  ;  joined  the  Presby- 
terian church  at  Athens  in  1827:  shortly  after  hi.s 
graduation  he  entered  Princeton  Theological  Semi- 
nary ;  remained  a  year;  then  went  to  Andover  for 
a  year;  then  returned  to  Princeton,  and  continued 
till  May,  1833,  when,  convinced  that  the  views  of 
the  Baptists  could  be  sustained  by  the  Scriptures, 
he  was  constrained  to  change  his  ecclesiastical  re- 
lations and  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  Baptists.  Ac- 
cordingly he  left  the  Princeton  Seminary,  joined 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia,  and  com- 
pleted his  studies  under  Rev.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  Sr., 
D.D.  lie  returned  to  Georgia,  and  in  February, 
1834,  w.as  called  to  Black  Swamp  church,  S.  C. 
But  the  ne.Kt  yenr  he  removed  to  Mobile.  Ala.,  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church,  laboring  with  great  zeal 
and  fidelity  five  years,  during  the  latter  three  of 
which  he  edited  a  Baptist  paper  called  The  Monitor. 
In  1841  he  removed  to  Harrison  Co.,  Texas,  where 
his  course  was  one  of  constantly  increasing  useful- 
ness, until  it  was  terminated  by  death  in  1844.  He 
was  an  admirable  public  .speaker.  Had  he  lived 
longer  he  would  have  produced  a  much  deeper 
impression  in  reference  to  his  powers  as  a  scholar, 
a  theologian,  .ami  a  preacher. 

Heath,  Rev.  Moses,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  King- 
wood,  N.  J.,  May  13,  1827,  and  graduated  at  JIadi- 
son  University,  X.  Y..  in  18.">4.  Having  taught  for 
two  years,  he  was  ordained  in  Septeml)er,  1850,  by 
the  Baptist  church  at  Flemington,  N.  J.,  where  he 
had  been  baptized,  licensed  to  preach,  and  married. 


HEATH 


516 


HELWrS 


Immediately  after  ordination  he  became  pastor  at 
McKees|)Ort,  Pa.  Sixty  were  added  to  the  church 
during  his  pastorate  tliere.  In  IN.V.)  a  Ioni;-olit>r- 
ished  desire  for  missionary  work  iiului'cd  him  to 
remove  to  Minnesota.  Commissioned  hy  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  he  settled  at 
Belle  Plainc,  remaining  six  years  as  pastor  of  the 
church  and  missionary  for  the  surrounding  region. 
In  this  field  he  baptized  about  seventy.  Compelled 
by  ill  health  to  leave  it,  be  accepted  the  charge  of 
the  church  at  Anoka,  Minn.  There,  amidst  his 
pastoral  duties,  he  served  as  county  superintendent 
of  public  schools.  After  two  years  of  happy  labor 
he  left  a  loved  and  loving  people  in  order  to  take 
charge  of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  school,  then  at 
Hastings,  where  he  also  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church.  In  a  few  months,  however,  broncliial 
disease  laid  him  aside  from  .all  labor  and  necessi- 
tated a  change  of  residence.  Benefited  by  climate 
and  rest,  he  took  charge  of  the  LoUer  Academy, 
Ilatborough,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  four  years. 
Since  1872  he  has  been  principal  of  Wyoming  In- 
stitute of  Delaware,  preaching  occasionally  as  health 
permits,  and  assisted  in  his  educational  work  by 
members  of  his  family. 

Heath,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Newport, 
N.  II.,  March  9,  1798.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College  in  the  class  of  1826.  Among  his 
classmates  was  the  late  Chief-Justice  Chase.  For 
a  year  after  his  graduation  he  was  a  tutor  in  the 
preparatory  department  of  the  Columbian  College 
sit  Washington.  lie  graduated  at  the  Newton  The- 
ological Institution  in  1832,  and  soon  after  became 
princi|ial  of  the  Soutli  Reading  Academy.  He  was 
ordained  as  an  evangelist  July  1,  183.1.  His  pas- 
torates were  with  the  churches  in  Shelburno  Falls 
and  North  Reailing,  Mass.  He  was  in  the  book 
trade  for  several  years,  having  charge  of  the  Bap- 
tist Sabbath-School  Depository  in  Boston.  His 
death  took  place  Jan.  19,  1869,  at  Wakefield, 
Ma.ss. 

Hedden,  Rev.  Benjamin  Franklin,  son  of 
Bartholomew,  was  born  in  StoningtoTi,  Conn.,  in 
1803 ;  was  an  excellent  school-teacher ;  licensed 
and  ordained  by  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Gru- 
ton,  and  succeeded  Rev.  John  0.  Wightman  in  its 
pulpit;  labored  in  various  fields  with  marked  suc- 
cess,— Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.  :  East  Greenwich, 
R.  I. :  Manchester,  N.  II. ;  Mansfield.  Conn. ;  Cam- 
den, N.  J. ;  the  Twelfth  Baptist  church  in  Phila- 
delphia; an  able  and  devout  man.  From  ill  health 
and  a  fall  he  resigned  his  pastorate  in  Pliiladelphia 
in  1871,  and  died  Feb.  27,  1872.  aged  sixty-eight 
years.  His  brother,  Rev.  Harlem  Hedden,  was  a 
useful  preacher  in  different  parts  of  New  London 
Co..  Conn. 

Hedden,  Rev.  William  D.,  the  son  of  Presby- 
terian parents,  was  born  at  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  Nov. 


6,  1829.  He  was  converted  at  seventeen,  and  being 
convinced  that  the  immersion  of  believers  only  is 
New  Testament  baptism,  he  united  with  the  church 
at  East  Orange.  After  pursuing  studies  at  Hamil- 
ton he  was  ordained  at  Meridian,  N.  Y.,  in  18,'i3. 
May  13,  1855,  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  with 
which  he  first  united,  where,  with  the  exception  of 
a  few  months,  he  has  continued  to  labor  till  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Hedden  has  corresponded  con- 
siderably for  the  religious  press,  and  cultivates  the 
poetic  talent. 

Helwys,  Thomas,  was  a  native  of  England, 
who  went  to  Amsterdam,  in  Holland,  and  united 
with  a  church  of  English  Separatists,  founded  in 
the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  In 
this  church  a  controversy  arose  about  the  validity 
of  infant  baptism,  which  led  to  the  exclusion  of 
those  who  rejected  that  unscriptural  custom,  and 
of  Thomas  Helwys  with  his  Baptist  brethren. 
While  a  member  of  the  Brownist  Church  they 
looked  upon  him  as  a  man  of  eminent  faith, 
charity,  and  spiritual  gifts. 

In  the  Baptist  church  formed  by  the  expelled 
Separatists,  Mr.  Helwys  enjoyed  the  warmest  re- 
gards of  the  entire  people;  and  when,  in  1611,  their 
pastor,  the  Rev.  John  Smyth,  died,  Mr.  Helwys  was 
elected  his  successor. 

Very  soon  after  entering  upon  bis  ofBce,  probably 
early  in  1612,  Mr.  Helwys  became  uneasy  about 
staying  out  of  England;  it  appeared  to  him  to 
savor  of  cowardice,  and  he  was  convinced  that  it 
was  his  duty  and  that  of  his  church  to  return  home 
at  once  and  bear  testimony  to  the  truth,  since  per- 
secution threatened  its  extinction,  and  encourage 
and.  comfort  their  brethren  who  were  suffering  for 
Christ's  sake.  The  church  and  pastor  decided 
speedily,  and  soon  commenced  worship  in  London. 
The  community  flourished  greatly  in  its  new  home, 
and  its  members  were  often  the  victims  of  royal 
and  episcopal  hatred.  Mr.  Helwys  was  a  man  of 
power,  and  his  influence  lived  long  after  he  slept 
with  his  fathers.  His  doctrines  were  said  to  be 
Arminian.  His  views  of  civil  government  in  re- 
lation to  religion  were  thoroughly  Scriptural,  and 
in  that  day  were  held  by  none  but  Baptists.  In  a 
Confession  of  Faith  received  by  his  people,  and 
probably  written  by  him.  published  about  1611,  it 
is  said,  "  The  magistrate  is  not  to  meddle  with  re- 
ligion or  matters  of  conscience,  nor  to  compel  men 
to  this  or  that  form  of  religion  ;  because  Christ  is 
the  king  and  lawgiver  of  the  church  and  con- 
science." (Crosby,  i..  Appendix,  p.  71.)  Nothing 
more  emphatic  was  ever  written  on  the  question  of 
soul  liberty  in  any  age  or  country.  But  in  the 
days  of  Helwys  this  doctrine  was  denounced  by 
Robinson,  the  father  of  the  Puritans  who  founded 
New  Plymouth  in  1620.  Mr.  Helwys  and  his 
Baptist  brethren  were  detested  as  much  for  the 


HENDERSON 


517 


HENDIIWKSON 


liberty  of  conscience  for  which  they  pleaded  as  for 
the  believer's  baptism  which  they  practised. 

Henderson,  Rev.  Samuel,  D.D.,  a  native  of 
Jefferson  Co.,  Tenn.,  was  born  March  4,  181" ; 
uniteii  with  tlie  church  in  September.  1X32. 
Reared  to  the  business  of  a  practical  printer, 
when  quite  a  youtli  he  removed  to  Alabama, 
and  established  one  of  the  first  political  news- 
papers of  Talladega,  which  he  published  and  ed- 
ited for  several  years.  lie  was  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry  in  the  church  in  Talladega  in  1840, 
tills  being  his  first  pastorate.  Moved  to  Tuskegee 
in  1846,  where  he  was  pastor  for  twenty-one  years. 
To  the  Baptists  Tuskegee  was,  during  that  period, 
one  of  the  most  important  centres  of  influence  in 
the  State.  In  addition  to  its  refined  and  wealthy 
church  membership,  it  was  the  site  of  the  East 
Alabama  Female  College,  a  property  whose  erec- 
tion cost  our  brethren  not  less  than  §40,(XJ0.  It 
was  also  the  seat  of  publication  of  the  SoiUhtcesiey-n 
Bdptist,  the  denominational  organ  of  the  State, 
which  was  conducted  with  marked  ability  by  Dr. 
Henderson,  it  being  then  one  of  the  most  influen- 
tial religious  journals  in  the  whole  South.  (See 
ALAii.\M.\  B.\rTiST  Newsi'.u'ERs.)  In  1868,  Dr. 
Henderson  returned  to  Talladega  County  to  the 
charge  of  several  country  and  village  churches, 
among  the  best  country  churches  in  the  State, 
where  he  is  pleasantly  located  on  a  handsome  and 
fertile  farm,  and  passes  his  time  in  visiting  the 
churches,  writing  for  the  papers,  being  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Christian  Index,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and 
in  making  further  search  into  the  contents  of  his 
splendid  library.  For  the  last  thirty  years  Dr. 
Henderson  has  been  among  the  most  prominent 
and  useful  of  Alabama  ministers.  Liberally  edu- 
cated at  the  start,  he  has  become  one  of  our  eru- 
dite men,  an  able  and  distinguished  preacher,  an 
adviser  of  first-class  judgment,  a  graceful,  cul- 
tivated, and  jiowerful  writer,  and  withal  a  sound 
theologian,  thoroughly  read-u]).  Dr.  Henderson 
has  published  a  number  of  able  sermons,  review 
articles,  and  other  strong  and  well-prepared  docu- 
ments. It  was  in  his  discussion  with  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Ilamill  of  the  Alabama  Conference  on  "  Meth- 
odist Episcopacy,"  more  than  twenty  years  ago, 
that  he  gained  a  distinguished  reputation  as  a 
ready  and  cogent  ecclesiastical  controversialist. 
It  was  first  published  in  his  paper  in  Tuskegee. 
and  subseiiuently  in  a  book  of  .S80  pages,  by  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  at  Charleston. 
Nothing  can  be  found  more  satisfactory  on  that 
subject.  His  father,  Deacon  .John  F.  Henderson, 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  most  useful  mem- 
bers of  the  church  in  Tallailega.  Of  this  church 
his  younger  brother.  Hon.  .John  Henderson,  an 
able  and  upright  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  is  now 
a  member  and  a  deacon. 


Hendricks,  Rev.  John,  who  had  been  a  Meth- 
odist minister,  lived  in  Greensborough,  Ga.,  where 
he  was  very  useful  as  a  preacher  in  the  Baptist 
churches  of  that  .section.  Becoming  troubled  on 
the  subject  of  baptism,  because  of  doubt  as  to  its 
proper  administration,  and  unwilling  to  remain  in  a 
state  of  uncertainty,  he  investigated  the  subject,  an<l 
became  convinced  of  the  propriety  of  immersion. 
lie  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood  about 
1827.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Cherokee,  Ga., 
where  he  resided  until  lii^-  death. 

Hendrickson,  Charles  R.,  D.D.,  was  bom  Feb. 
18,  1820,  in  Gloucester  Co.,  X.  J.  His  parents  be- 
longed to  the  Methodist  Church,  and,  upon  making 
a  public  profession  of  religion  in  the  fifteenth  year 
of  his  age,  he  identified  himself  with  it. 

He  had  early  impressions  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach,  and  in  the  nineteenth  year  of  his  age  he 
entered  the  Methodist  ministry,  and  traveled  one 
year  in  connection  with  the  New  Jersey  Confer- 
ence. He  afterwards  was  transferred  to  the  Ken- 
tucky Conference,  and  served  two  years  in  that 
connection.  During  his  residence  in  Kentucky  he 
was  called  upon  to  defend  infant  baptism  and  other 
doctrines  of  the  Methodists ;  but  the  result  of  his 
investigations,  instead  of  furnishing  him  arguments 
in  favor  of  the  tenets  of  his  own  church,  caused 
him  to  .see  the  error  of  his  position  and  to  adopt  the 
sentiments  of  the  Baptist  denomination. 

He  immediately  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Kentucky  Conference,  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Lansing  Burrows 
in  1842.  Up  to  the  time  of  his  uniting  with  the 
Baptists  he  had  never  heard  a  sermon  upon  the 
subject  of  Scriptural  baptism  and  the  ordinances 
of  the  church,  but  at  his  baptism  he  preached 
upon  this  subject,  setting  forth  the  arguments  that 
had  led  him  to  change  his  views. 

He  entered  at  once  upon  the  work  of  an  evan- 
gelist, and  traveled  extensively  in  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland.  In  1846  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Norfolk,  Ya. 
In  18.52  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  where  he  was  instru- 
mental in  building  up  a  large  and  influential  com- 
munity. Owing  to  rheumatism,  from  which  he  has 
been  a  great  sufierer,  he  left  Memphis  for  Califor- 
nia in  1859,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  .at  Stockton,  and  afterwards  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  San  Francisco.  He  remained  in 
California  eleven  years,  and  then  returned  to  Phil- 
■adelphia,  and  became  pastor  of  the  North  church. 
He  served  it  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
baptized  more  than  one  hundred  persons.  In  1873 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Jackson,  Tenn., 
where  he  is  now  laboring  with  success. 

Dr.  Hendrickson  is  distinguished  for  his  piety 
and  the  possession  of  those  Christian  graces  that 


HFyRICIAXS 


518 


UEXRICKH 


so  beautifully  adorn  his  life.  While  he  is  a  sound 
Baptist,  his  gentleness  and  Christian  charity  secure 
for  him  the  esteem  and  high  regard  of  other  de- 
nominations. Ills  studies  and  varied  reading  have 
made  Dr.  llendrickson  a  highly-cultured  minister. 

As  a  writer,  his  style  is  easy  and  natural,  and 
his  thoughts  are  forcibly  and  logically  expressed. 
Few  men  are  more  completely  at  home  in  the  pul- 
pit. As  a  preacher,  he  i.s  distinguished  for  his 
attractive  dftlivery.  his  elegant  English,  his  clear 
arguments,  his  honest  sincerity,  and  his  thorough 
<:omprehension  of  the  subject. 

The  Southwestern  Baptist  University,  located  at 
Jackson,  Tenn.,  owes  much  to  Dr.  llendrickson. 
lie  hiis  been  chairman  of  the  executive  board  of 
trustees  from  the  date  of  its  organization  to  the 
present. 

Henricians,  The.— Henry,  a  monk  in  the  first 
half  of  the  twelfth  century,  became  a  great  preacher, 
lie  was  endowed  with  extraordinary  powers  of  per- 
suasion, and  with  a  glowing  earnestness  that  swept 
away  the  greatest  obstacles  that  mere  human  power 
could  banish,  and  he  had  the  grace  of  God  in  his 
heart,  lie  denounced  prayers  for  the  dead,  the  in- 
Tocation  of  saints,  the  vices  of  the  clergy,  the  super- 
stitions of  the  church,  and  the  licentiousness  of  the 
age,  and  he  set  an  example  of  the  sternest  moral- 
ity, lie  was  a  master-spirit  in  talents,  and  a 
heaven-aided  hero,  a  John  Knox,  born  in  another 
■clime,  but  nourished  upon  the  same  all-powerful 
^race. 

When  he  visited  the  city  of  Mans  the  inferior 
clergy  became  his  followers,  and  the  people  gave 
him  and  his  doctrine  their  hearts,  and  thev  refused 
to  attend  the  consecrated  mummeries  of  the  popish 
churches,  and  mocked  the  higher  clergy  who  clun" 
to  them.  In  fact,  their  lives  were  endangered  by 
the  triumph  of  Henry's  doctrines.  The  rich  and 
the  poor  gave  him  their  confidence  and  their  money, 
and  when  Ilildebert,  their  bishop,  returned,  after 
an  absence  covering  the  entire  period  of  Henry's 
visit,  he  was  received  with  contempt  and  his  bless- 
ing with  ridicule.  Henrys  great  arsenal  was  the 
Bible,  and  all  opposition  melted  away  before  it. 

He  retired  from  Mans  and  went  to  Provence,  and 
the  same  remarkable  results  attended  his  ministry  ; 
persons  of  all  ranks  received  his  blessed  doctrines 
and  forsook  the  foolish  superstitions  of  Rome  and 
the  churches  in  which  they  occupied  the  most  im- 
portant positions.  At  and  around  Thoulouse  his 
labors  seem  to  have  created  the  greatest  indigna- 
tion and  alarm  among  the  few  faithful  friends  of 
Romanism,  and  Catholics  in  the  most  distant  parts 
of  France  heard  of  his  overwhelming  influence  and 
his  triumphant  heresy  with  great  fear.  In  every 
direction  for  many  miles  around  he  preached  Christ. 
and  at  last  Pope  Eugene  III.  sent  a  cardinal  to 
overthrow  the  heretic  and  his  errors.     He  wisely  | 


took  with  him,  in  1 147,  the  celebrated  St.  Bernard. 

This  abljot  had  the  earnestness  and  the  temper  of 
Richard  Baxter,  whom  he  resembled  in  some  re- 
spects. He  was  a  more  eloquent  man,  and  he  was 
probably  the  most  noted  and  popular  ecclesiastic  in 
Europe.  He  speaks  significantly  of  the  state  of 
things  which  he  found  in  Henry's  field :  '•  The 
churches  (Catholic)  iire  without  people,  the  people 
without  priests,  the  priests  without  due  reverence, 
and,  in  short,  Christians  are  without  Christ:  the 
churches  were  regarded  as  .synagogues,  the  sanc- 
tuary of  God  was  not  held  to  be  sacred,  and  the 
sacraments  were  not  reckoned  to  be  holy,  festive 
days  lost  their  solemnity,  men  died  in  their  sins, 
souls  were  snatched  away  everywhere  to  the  dread 
tribunal,  alas !  neither  reconciled  by  repentance 
nor  fortified  by  the  holy  communion.  The  life  of 
Christ  was  closed  to  the  little  children  of  Chris- 
tians, whilst  the  grace  of  baptism  was  refused,  nor 
were  they  permitted  to  approach  salvation,  al- 
though the  Saviour  lovingly  proclaims  before  them, 
and  says,  '  Sufl'er  the  little  children  to  come  to 
me."  "* 

Elsewhere,  St.  Bernard,  speaking  of  Henry  and 
other  heretics,  says,  "  They  mock  us  because  we 
baptize  infants,  because  we  pray  for  the  dead,  be- 
cause we  seek  the  aid  of  (glorified)  saints."t  That 
Henry  had  a  great  multitude  of  adherents  is  beyond 
a  doubt,  and  that  he  was  a  Bible  Christian  is  abso- 
lutely certain,  and  that  he  and  his  followers  rejected 
infant  baptism  is  the  testimony  of  St.  Bernard  and 
of  all  other  writers  who  have  taken  notice  of  the 
Henricians  and  their  founders.  We  incline  to  the 
opinion  of  Xeander  that  Henry  was  not  a  Petro- 
brusian.  AVe  are  satisfied  that  he  and  his  disciples 
were  independent  witnesses  for  .Jesus  raised  up  by 
the  Spirit  and  AVord  of  God.  The  Henricians  were 
Baptists,  and  their  founder  perished  in  prison. 

Henricks,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  1800. 
His  father  was  an  Austrian,  who  emigrated  to 
America  to  escape  Romish  persecution  because  of 
his  conversion  to  Protestantism,  and  settled  first 
in  Xorth  Carolina  and  then  in  Greene  Co.,  Ga.,  in 
1808.  Wm.  Henricks  was  converted  in  1826,  under 
the  preaching  of  Lovick  Pierce,  and  was  baptized 
in  1828  by  Dr.  A.  Sherwood,  after  a  thorough  in- 
vestigation of  the  subject  of  baptism.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1832.  He  became  an  able  and  zealous 
minister  of  the  gospel,  with  few  superiors  as  a  re- 
vivalist. For  eighteen  years  he  preached  among 
the  churches  of  Greene,  Morgan,  Clarke,  Monroe, 
and  Walton  Counties,  with  great  power  and  useful- 
ness.    For  fifteen  years  he  was  moderator  of  the 


*  Panrnlig  Christianomin  Christi  intercladitnr  Tito,  dnm  bap* 
tismi  negator  gratia;  nee  rtaliiti  propen«]uare  sinuntur  ;  Salvatore 
licet  pie  clamante  pro  eis;  SiaiU^  inquit,  parrulos  venire  ad  me. 
(Sancti  Bernard!  Genuioa  Opera,  i.  Kp.  241,  p.  237.     Parisiis,  1690.) 

t  Irrident  nos,  quod  baptizamoa  infantes.    Idem,  i.  p.  1497. 


HENRY 


519 


HERXDON 


Appalachee  Association  ;  indeed,  remaining;  so  until 
his  removal  to  Floyd  County  in  1S50.  lie  assisted 
in  the  organization  of  the  Oostanaula  Association 
in  1852,  and  was  elected  moderator.  lie  died  at 
Rome,  Ga.,  June  IS,  1856.  He  was  a  man  of  mark 
and  of  great  usefulness  in  his  day,  and  stood  side 
by  side  with  the  first  Baptist  ministers  of  his  time 
in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  denomination  in 
Georgia. 

Henry,  Rev.  Foster,  was  born  in  Perkinsville, 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1817.  He  took  the  full 
courses  of  study  at  Brown  University  and  at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  graduating  at  the 
former  in  the  class  of  1845,  and  at  the  latter  in 
the  class  of  1848.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry in  November,  1852,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Tyringham,  Mass.,  five  years,  when 
he  removed  to  Pawtu.tet,  R.  I.,  remaining  there 
four  years,  then  at  Danversport,  Mass.,  for  three 
years,  then  at  Newport,  N.  H.,  for  six  years. 
From  Newport  he  went  to  North  Bennington,  Vt., 
and  is  at  this  time  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  place. 

Henson,  Poindexter  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
FIuvanii;i  Co.,  Va..  Dec.  7,  18.31  :  entered  Rich- 
mond College  in  1844,  and  graduated  with  the  first 


POIXDE.VTER   S.    HENSOX,  D.D. 

class,  in  1848,  being  then  sixteen  years  of  age. 
After  teaching  for  one  year  in  his  native  county, 
he  entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  spent 
two  years  in  that  institution,  graduating  in  various 
"  schools."  In  the  fall  of  1851  he  became  principal 
of  the  Milton  Classicil  Institute  in  North  Carolina, 
and  retained  the  position  two  years,  in  the  mean 


while  studying  law  with  the  Hon.  M.  McGee,  and 
editing  the  Xorth  Carolina  Democrat, — a  weekly 
paper  published  in  the  town  of  Milton.  When 
about  entering  upon  the  practice  of  law  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  the  Chowan 
Female  College  at  Murfreesborough,  N.  C.  This 
position  he  retained  for  two  years,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  he  married  Miss  A.  C.  Uuse,  of  Hicks- 
ford,  Va.,  and  returned  to  Fluvanna  County. 

Was  converted  in  1840,  while  a  student  at  Rich- 
mond College,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  .J.  B. 
•Jeter,  D.I).,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church 
at  Richmond.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1855  he 
abandoned  the  law  and  devoted  himself  to  the  min- 
istry of  the  gospel ;  was  ordained  in  February, 
1856,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Fluvanna  church. 
In  connection  with  his  pastorate  he  established  the 
Fluvanna  Female  Institute,  and  remained  there 
preaching  and  teaching  until  the  summer  of  1860, 
when  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Broad  Street  church, 
Philadelphia,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  Dec.  27, 
1860.  With  this  church  he  remained  until  Sep- 
tember, 1867,  when  under  pressure  of  demand  for 
a  new  interest  in  a  rapidly-growing  section  of  the 
city,  he,  with  others,  went  out  to  organize  the 
Memorial  church,  where  he  still  continues  a  faithful 
and  efficient  ministry.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  in  1867  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  In 
1878  he  declined  an  urgent  call  to  the  presidency 
of  that  institution. 

Dr.  Ilenson  possesses  a  keenly  logical  mind,  and 
is  tlioroughly  skilled  in  his  methods  of  attacking 
error  and  defending  the  truth.  As  a  preacher,  he 
stands  in  the  front  rank  of  loyal  and  brilliant  pul- 
pit orators,  and  his  sermons  abound  in  the  rich 
results  of  Bible  study  and  devout  piety.  As  a 
lecturer  his  services  are  in  frequent  requisition,  and 
large  audiences  are  ever  ready  to  show  their  appre- 
ciation of  his  native  wit  and  cultured  scholarship. 
He  is  prominently  and  actively  engaged  in  the 
management  of  local  and  general  denominational 
societies,  and  as  editor  of  the  linptisl  Teacher  he 
continues  to  exert  helpful  and  healthful  influence 
upon  Sunday-school  work  and  workers.  He  has 
the  largest  Protestant  congregation  in  Philadelphia. 
Hemdon,  Rev.  Thaddeus,  was  born  in  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.,  May  9,  1807.  He  was  the  eldest  of 
four  brothers,  all  of  whom  were  ministers  of  the 
gospel,  and  all  of  whom  preceded  him  to  their  final 
reward.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Broaddus 
in  182S,  and  united  with  the  Long  Branch  church, 
being  licensed  to  preach  by  it  in  1833.  For  some 
years  he  was  employed  by  the  Salem  Union  Asso- 
ciation as  missionary,  traveling  over  large  districts 
of  country  in  Loudon,  Fauquier,  Prince  William, 
and  Fairfax  Counties.  In  1837  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  Antioch  church.  Prince  William 
Co.,  and  about  the  same  time  to  North  Fork  church, 


HERN DON 


520 


HEWITT 


Loudon  Co.,  both  of  whuli  lie  faithfully  served  for 
about  flirty  years.  He  was  the  pastor  also  of  two 
otlier  churclies.  Althouijli  Mr.  Ilermlou  had  the 
care  of  a  farm  and  a  larjjo  family,  he  very  rarely 
failed  in  rej;iilarly  meeting  his  church  appoint- 
ments, riding  on  horseback  through  the  storms  of 
winter  and  the  heats  of  summer.  He  was  an  earn- 
est gospel  preacher  and  a  welcome  guest  at  many 
a  fireside.      He  died  June  2,  1S7S. 

Herndon,  Rev.  Traverse  D.,  the  brother  of 
the  Kevs.  Tliaddeus  and  Richard  Herndon,  was 
born  March  11,  IS  10.  His  father  was  the  Rev. 
John  C.  Herndon,  a  resident  of  Fauquier  County. 
About  the  age  of  eighteen,  being  hopefully  con- 
verted, he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Broaddns, 
and  united  witli  the  Long  lirancli  church.  ISeing 
a  young  man  of  ardent  piety,  ;ind  longing  to  honor 
his  Master  by  a  life  wholly  consecrated  to  his  ser- 
vice, he  was  persuaded  to  prepare  himself  for  the 
work  of  the  ministry.  Having  been  for  a  .ihort 
time  eng.aged  in  mercantile  business  in  Alexandria, 
y.a.,  lie  relinquished  his  iiosition  in  that  place  and 
entered  the  Columbian  College,  where  he  remained 
during  five  years,  graduating  in  1838,  the  year  of 
his  ordination.  His  first  pastoral  charge  was  the 
Falmouth  church,  which  ho  held  in  connection  with 
an  engagement  as  missionary  under  the  Salem 
Union  Association.  Owing  to  his  precarious  health, 
however,  he  was  soon  obliged  to  relinquish  botli 
these  positions,  and  for  nearly  two  years  he  was 
unable  to  preach.  AVhen  he  had  recovered  a  good 
measure  of  health  he  took  charge  of  four  churches, 
Liberty,  Mount  Holly,  Fiery  Run,  and  Front  Royal. 
These  churches  being  too  remote  from  his  residence, 
he  took  charge  of  the  Middleburg,  Long  Branch, 
and  Kctocton  churches,  with  which  he  labored  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  Sept.  10, 
1854.  Mr.  Herndon  stood  high  among  his  brethren 
as  a  preacher.  His  sermons  were  plain,  practical, 
and  saturated  with  earnest  descriptions  of  the  love 
of  Christ  for  sinners.  Human  guilt  and  divine 
redemption  were  the  great  themes  upon -which  he 
loved  to  dwell,  and  his  teachings  were  blessed  to 
the  conversion  of  many  souls  and  the  encourage- 
ment of  God's  people.  More  than  three  hundred 
were  baptized  by  him  during  his  ministry,  while 
thousands  of  othei'swho  listened  to  him  during  his 
journeyings  from  home  at  protracted  meetings 
were  greatly  quickened  in  their  spiritual  energies. 
As  a  Christian  man  in  all  the  various  relations  of 
life  he  was  a  model.  "  His  natural  qualities,  con- 
trolled as  they  were  by  a  constant  sense  of  the 
obligations  on  him  as  a  Christian,  made  him,  in  the 
estimation  of  all  who  knew  him  well  enough  to 
appreciate  his  personal  worth,  most  emphatically  a 
Christian  gentleman.''  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Broiiddus,  who 
knew  Mr.  Herndon  well,  says,  "  But  this  I  can  say 
in  all  honesty,  that  after  an  acquaintance  with  him 


of  nearly  thirty  years,  and  fur  many  years  an  inti- 
mate acquaintance,  such  was  his  entire  deportment 
both  as  a  num  and  a  Christian,  that  if  he  had 
faults,  my  admiration  of  the  characteristics  uni- 
formly c.xhibitiMl  in  his  life  and  conversation  so 
occupied  me,  that  those  faults  entirely  escaped  my 
observation." 

Herr,  Joseph  Daniel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Sharps- 
burg,  I'a.,  Feb.  'Si,  18o7.  At  the  ago  of  seventeen 
he  was  converted  and  immersed  as  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church.  In  l.S')8,  having 
completed  a  collegiate  course  at  Madison  College, 
Pa.,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  His  reputa- 
tion for  ability  in  the  pul|iit  led  to  his  serving 
prominent  churches  in  Pittsburgh  and  (!incinnati. 
He  was  also  nnidi;  secretary  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  Adrian  College,  and  of  the  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  In  August, 
1870,  in  accordance  with  his  early  convictions,  and 
impressed  with  the  great  truth  that  faith  should 
precede  baptism,  he  resigned  the  charge  of  the 
Second  Methodist  Protestant  church  of  Pittsburgh, 
and  immediately  thereafter  accepted  the  pastorate 
of  the  Union  Baptist  church  of  the  same  city.  A 
few  months  later  he  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the 
Penn  Avenue  Baptist  church,  and  became  its  first 
pastor.  Nov.  1,  187.'),  he  resigned  to  take  charge 
of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  N'ew  York.  Dr. 
Ilerr  as  a  preacher  is  eloquent,  and  is  noted  for  his 
fervor  and  earnestness.  His  [lastorates  have  been 
marked  by  progress  and  spiritual  prosperity.  In 
1876  he  was  made  D.D.  by  Otterbein  University, 
Ohio. 

Hewes,  Rev.  and  Prof.,  was  bom  in  Lynnfield, 
Mass.,  in  1818;  converted  and  baptized  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  ;  gr.aduated  at  Brown  University  and 
the  Newton  Theological  Seminary.  In  1844  he 
was  ordained  as  pastor  at  Lonsdale,  R.  I.  In  1849 
he  began  an  eight  years'  pastorate  at  Lansing- 
burgh,  N.  Y.  In  1857-.'58  he  was  professor  in  the 
Troy  University.  From  Troy  he  was  called  to 
the  presidency  of  the  Indianapolis  Institute,  hold- 
ing his  position  there  seven  years.  Removing  to 
California,  he  was  two  years  a  professor  in  the  Fe- 
male College  of  the  Pacific,  two  years  pastor  and 
lecturer  on  Natural  Sciences  in  the  Mills  Semi- 
nary, five  years  pastor  at  St.  Helena,  and  two  years 
pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  San  Francisco.  Though 
much  of  his  life  has  been  spent  in  educating  the 
young,  he  has  baptized  over  three  hundred  con- 
verts. Since  his  arrival  in  California  he  has  spent 
three  years  in  extensive  travels  in  Europe,  Egypt, 
and  the  Holy  Land. 

Hewitt,  C.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  Oct.  10,  18.36,  in 
Galway,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  being  a  son  of  Deacon 
Edmund  Hewitt,  well  known  for  more  than  half  a 
century  as  a  prominent  member  and  officer  of  the 
Galway  Baptist  church,  of  which  the  son  became  a 


HICK 


521 


HICKMAN 


member  at  sixteen  years  of  age.  lie  graduated  at 
tlie  University  of  llochester  in  I860,  and  at  the 
seminary  in  l^do.  His  pastorates  have  been  at 
Ypsihmti,  Mich.,  1803-68;  Bloomington,  111.,  1868- 
76;  Centennial  church,  Chicago,  1877-79;  and  now 
(1880)  he  has  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Peoria,  111.  During  liis  service  at  Ypsilanti  the 
mombership  of  the  church  increased  from  200  to 
.'illO,  and  at  Bliiomington  from  300  to  500.  His  work 
in  Chicago  was  in  a  time  of  great  financial  and 
spiritual  depression,  and  though  equally  faithful, 
showed  less  of  immediate  result.  Dr.  Hewitt  has 
always  been  active  and  interested  in  the  general 
work  of  the  denomination.  In  Michigan  he  was  an 
influential  member  of  the  Board  of  State  Missions, 
anil  one  of  the  trustees  of  Kalamazoo  College.  In 
Illinois  he  has  held  like  positions,  especially  as  con- 
nected with  the  State  missions  and  with  the  theo- 
logical seminary  ;  an  ardent  Sunday-school  man  ; 
also  for  several  years  president  and  secretary  of 
the  State  Sunday-School  Association. 

Hick,  Col.  J.  M.,  was  born  in  1831,  in  West 
Virginia;  was  bred  to  the  law;  a  member  of  the 
secession  convention  of  A'irginia  in  1861  ;  com- 
manded a  regiment  at  Cheat  Mountain,  and  was 
captured  there  ;  was  baptized  in  Raleigh,  N.  C,  by 
Dr.  T.  II.  Pritchard,  in  March,  1864 ;  was  president 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  in  1875  ;  was  for 
several  years  chairman  of  the  Sunday-School  Board  ; 
is  a  trustee  and  a  liberal  benefactor  of  Wake  Forest 
College,  he  and  J.  G.  Williams,  of  Raleigh,  having 
presented  a  building,  known  as  the  Library  Build- 
ing, to  the  college,  which  cost  810,000. 

Hickman,  David  H.,  was  born  in  Bourbon  Co. 
Ky.,  Nov.  11,  1821.  He  died  June  25,  1869.  Ilis' 
father  was  a  pioneer,  having  moved  to  Missouri 
in  1822.  David  was  educated  at  Bonne  Femme 
Academy.  lie  was  of  studious  habits,  and  for  a 
time  he  was  a  teacher.  He  was  delicate,  but  very 
energetic  and  successful.  He  was  converted  at 
seventeen,  and  united  with  the  Bonne  Feinme 
church,  and  died  in  its  membership.  Mr.  Hick- 
man had  no  taste  for  public  life,  yet  he  served  in 
the  State  Legislature  of  Missouri,  and  was  moder- 
ator of  the  General  Association  when  young.  He 
framed  the  law  for  the  common-school  system  of  the 
State,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Legislature.  lie 
loved  his  home,  and  he  was  devoted  to  the  church, 
in  which  he  was  a  wise  counselor  and  useful  mem- 
ber. He  was  eminently  successful  in  business,  and 
gave  ?10,00()  to  Stephen  College,  of  Columbia.  He 
remembered  in  his  will  the  poor  of  Bonne  Femme 
and  Columbia  churches.  Over  the  departing  couch 
of  David  Hickman  a  voice  from  heaven  said, 
"Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord." 

Hickman,  Col.  H.  H.,  for  many  years  a  deacon 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  was 
born  in  Elbert  Co.,  Ga.,  in  1818.     He  removed  to 
34 


Augusta  when  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  was 
baptized  in  1S41,  after  a  profession  of  faith,  by 
Dr.  William  T.  Brantly,  .Jr.,  tlien  pastor  of  the 
church.  Developing  business  talent  early,  he  was 
admitted  to  membership  in  the  firm,  which  was  for 
many  years  known  as  that  of.Cress  &  Hickman. 
On  the  retirement  of  his  partner,  Mr.  Hickman  con- 
tinued the  business  with  unifurni  success  until  the 
close  of  the  war  between  the  States,  although,  like 
a  host  of  others,  he  was  injured  financially  to  a 
serious  extent.  But  after  the  return  of  peace  his 
sagacity,  his  integrity,  and  his  energy  soon  restored 
all  that  was  lost.  He  became  president  of  the 
Graniteville  Manufacturing  Company  and  of  the 
Bank  of  Augusta,  and  was  eminently  successful  in 
both  of  these  positions. 

Mr.  Hickman  was  elected  deacon  of  the  Augusta 
(Greene  Street)  church  more  than  twenty  years 
ago,  in  which  capacity  he  has  served  with  great 
fidelity,  always  manifesting  a  deep  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  church,  aiding  it  by  his  prayers,  his 
counsels,  and  his  substance.  In  the  city  with  which 
he  has  been  identified  for  more  than  forty  years  he 
has  the  highest  standing  as  a  business  man  of  in- 
telligent views  and  trustworthy  char.icter. 

Hickman,  Rev.  William,  one  of  the  most  famous 
of  the  pioneer  Baptist  ministers  in  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  4,  1747.  He 
was  by  early  training  an  Episcopalian,  and  enter- 
tained great  contempt  for  the  Baptists.  During 
a  sermon  by  the  renowned  John  Waller,  in  1770,  he 
was  deeply  impressed.  After  struggling  with  his 
sins  and  his  prejudices  about  three  years,  he  ob- 
tained peace  in  Christ  and  was  baptized  by  Reuben 
Ford,  in  April,  1773.  At  this  time  he  lived  in 
Cumberland  County.  There  being  few  preachers 
in  that  region,  he,  with  others,  established  prayer- 
meetings.  In  February,  1770,  he  started  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  arriving  at  Ilarrodsburg,  he  remained 
several  weeks,  .and  during  the  time,  though  not 
licensed,  he  attempted  on  one  occasion  to  preach. 
Upon  his  return  home  to  Virginia  he  was  soon  set 
apart  for  the  ministry,  and  spent  several  years  as 
a  preacher  in  his  native  State.  In  1784  he  removed 
to  Fayette  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  preached  with  great 
zeal  and  activity  in  the  surrounding  settlements. 
In  1788  he  changed  his  residence  to  what  is  now 
Franklin  County.  Here,  in  the  same  year,  he 
formed  the  Forks  of  Elkhorn  church,  and  was 
chosen  the  pastor.  From  this  place  he  made 
preaching  tours  among  the  settlers,  often  attended 
by  a  guani  of  soldiers  to  protect  him  from  the  In- 
dians. Tlie  new  churches  he  formed  were  watched 
overand  nurtureduntil  they  grew  strongand  thcsav- 
ages  were  driven  from  the  country.  He  was  greatly 
blessed  in  his  ministry.  A  contemporary  sup- 
poses that  in  his  day  he  "  baptized  more  people  than 
any  other  minister  in  Kentucky.''     He  probably 


EICKSON 


522 


HILL 


formed  more  churches  than  even  the  famous  Lewis 
Craig.  He  "  baptized  over  500  durinj;  one  winter." 
lie  died  suddenly  in  1830.  Ilis  son  William  was 
long  pastor  of  South  Benson  church,  and  Hickman 
Co.,  Ky.,  was  named  after  his  son.  Col.  Paschal 
Hickman,  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  the  river  Kaisin. 

Hickson,  Rev.  Edward,  A.M.,  was  bom  Oct. 
13,  lt<li4,  at  \ew  Baridon,  County  Gloucester,  New 
Brunswick,  and  was  converted  when  quite  young. 
He  was  baptized  at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1855. 
He  graduated  from  Acadia  College  in  June,  1860. 
He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  North  Esk  church. 
New  Brunswick,  July  27,  1S()2,  where  he  labored 
successfully  for  ten  years.  He  was  pastor  at  St. 
George,  New  Brunswick,  and  is  now  in  charge  of 
a  church  at  Carleton,  St.  John. 

Hiden,  J.  C,  D.D.,  is  a  young  man  of  uncommon 
native  powers.  To  enjoy  his  conversation  is  a  treat, 
and  to  hear  him  lecture,  a  feast.  Born  at  Orange 
Court-House,  Va.,  Nov.  5,  1837,  he  spent  three 
years  in  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  as  a  cadet, 
graduating  in  July,  1857.  Elected  as  Professor  of 
Ancient  Languages  in  the  Chesapeake  Female  Col- 
lege of  Virginia  when  nineteen,  he  occupied  that 
chair  one  year,  and  then  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia,  where  he  spent  two  years,  pursuing  a 
wider  range  of  study.  He  was  ordained  at  Orange 
Court-House,  Va.,  in  1859,  and  served  the  Hills- 
borough Baptist  church,  Albermarle  Co.,  as  pastor 
during  the  last  year  he  spent  at  the  univer- 
sity. During  1860  and  1861  he  taught  a  private 
school  at  Orange  Court-House,  then  entered  the  Con- 
federate army  as  chaplain,  and  served  throughout 
the  war.  Afterwards  he  taught  school  at  Orange 
Court-House,  and  at  Staunton;  in  1866  he  was 
elected  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Street  Baptist  church, 
Portsmouth,  serving  two  years,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  care  of  the  Wilmington,  N.  C,  First  Baptist 
church,  which  he  served  for  more  than  six  years. 
In  JIarch,  1875,  he  was  culled  by  the  Greenville 
church,  of  South  Carolina,  which  call  he  accepted. 
He  is  well  read,  a  superior  preacher,  and  a  fine 
scholar.  He  possesses  great  physical  strength  and 
powers  of  endurance,  and  yet  those  who  know  him 
best  would  rather  meet  him  in  the  field  than  on  the 
platform  or  forum.  His  mother  is  a  niece  of  Jas. 
Barbour,  who  was  governor  of  Virginia,  C.  S.  Sen- 
ator, Secretary  of  War,  and  minister  to  England, 
and  she  is  a  sister  of  Philip  P.  Barbour,  who  was 
a  member  of  Congress  and  justice  of  the  U.  S. 
Supreme  Court.  She  is  still  living.  Dr.  Hiden 
has  a  fine  fund  of  anecdotes,  and  tells  them  remark- 
ably well.  As  a  speaker,  he  is  clear,  vigorous,  origi- 
nal, unique.  He  is  a  true  and  noble  man,  and 
those  who  know  him  best  love  him  most.  Still 
young,  of  good  constitution,  an  ardent  student  and 
full  of  energy,  he  may  naturally  expect  to  attain 
a  high  degree  of  distinction. 


Higgins,  Rev.  Oeorge,  was  bom  at  Marcus 
Hook,  Pa.,  Dec.  16,  1798  ;  baptized  in  Spruce  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  in  1817;  ordained  in  Read- 
ing, February,  1829.  He  was  among  the  first  mis- 
sionaries in  the  service  of  the  State  Convention, 
now  called  the  General  Association,  and  had  for 
his  field  the  Schuylkill  Valley,  but  soon  after 
labored  chiefly  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna. The  writer  bears  pleasant  witness  to  his 
untiring  zeal  and  fidelity  during  the  ten  years  of 
service  in  this  region.  In  this  space  of  time  he 
baptized  nearly  500  converts,  mostly  gathered  from 
regions  where  Baptist  sentiments  were  unknown 
and  opposition  was  strong.  Several  churches,  now 
enjoying  comparative  strength,  were  planted  by 
his  labors,  while  other  existing  churches  were  much 
enlarged.  In  1859  he  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
and  aided  materially  in  founding  the  Calvary 
church  in  1841.  Here  also  his  memory  is  fragrant. 
In  18.50  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Montgomery 
church,  Montgomery  Co..  Pa.,  and  closed  a  useful 
and  honored  life  March  9,  1869,  in  his  seventy- 
sixth  year.  During  his  ministry  he  baptized  nearly 
1500  persons. 

No  discouragements  dampened  his  ardor ;  he  met 
all  opposition  with  calmness.  His  blameless  life 
disarmed  adverse  criticism  of  much  of  its  force,  and, 
though  necessarily  involved  in  frequent  discussions 
during  his  missionary  career,  he  never  lost  control 
of  his  temper.  In  argument  he  was  clear  and 
scholarly  ;  in  preaching,  plain  and  simple.  Even 
opponents  were  compelled  to  respect  him,  while 
friends  loved  him  with  great  warmth. 

Higgins,  Rev.  John  S.,  was  bom  in  New 
Jersey,  Dec.  29,  1789.  His  early  life  was  spent  in 
Ohio,  and  in  AVoodford  Co.,  Ky.  In  1813  he  was 
converted  and  joined  a  B.-iptist  church.  In  1815 
he  removed  to  Lincoln  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  ministry,  and  became  the  stated 
preacher  of  McCormack's,  Hanging  Fork,  and 
Forks  of  Dix  River  churches.  He  assisted  in  form- 
ing the  Baptist  church  in  Danville,  Ky.,  and  was 
for  a  time  its  pastor.  He  was  active  in  the  benevo- 
lent enterprises  of  his  denomination,  and  eminently 
successful  as  a  minister.     He  died  in  1872. 

Hill,  Benjamin  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  April  5,  1793 ;  studied  in  Newport  Academy 
and  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  took  two 
courses  of  medical  lectures ;  converted  and  baptized 
in  Thompson,  Conn.,  in  1812  ;  licensed  Feb.  5,  1815  : 
preached  two  years  in  Leicester,  Mass.;  in  1818 
was  ordained  pastor  of  Baptist  church  in  Stafford. 
Conn. ;  was  engaged  for  Connecticut  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Society ;  in  1821  settled  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  New  Haven  and  was  prospered  ; 
in  1830  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Troy,  N.  Y. ;  in  1840  was  chosen  secretary  of  the 
American    Baptist    Home   Mission    Society,   and 


HILL 


523 


HILL 


served  with  remarkable  success  till  1862 ;  in  1865 
removed  to  New  Haven,  Conn.,  from  which  he  was 
recently  translated  to  the  skies ;  received  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.  from  Madison  University  in  1852; 
wise  in  judgment  and  in  speech  ;  a  true  man  in 
the  faith. 

Hill,  President  David  J.,  son  of  the  Rev.  Dan- 
iel T.  Hill,  was  born  at  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  June  10, 


PRESIDENT    DAVID   J.  HILL. 

1850.  Received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
scliools  of  Glen's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  and  PlainBeld,  >f.  J., 
and  at  the  academy  at  Deckertown,  N.  .J.  Pre- 
I)ared  for  college  at  Suffield,  Conn.,  and  Coopers- 
town,  X.  Y.  While  at  Cooperstown,  in  1867-68, 
began  writing  for  the  press,  the  contributions  con- 
sisting of  short  sketches  and  poems  and  a  biog- 
raphy of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  in  six  numbers  of  five 
columns  each.  In  April,  1870,  was  baptized  by 
his  father  at  Pauling,  N.  Y.,  and  united  with  the 
church.  In  August  of  the  same  year  entered  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  as  a  Freshman.  Took  the 
first  "  Lung  Prize  for  Oratory"  in  1873,  and  on 
graduating,  in  1874,  delivered  the  valedictory  ad- 
dresses, the  first  honor  of  the  class.  Was  at  once 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
Madison,  Wis.,  but  declined,  accepting  a  call  as 
tutor  in  Ancient  Languages  in  the  university  at 
Lewisburg.  At  the  close  of  the  collegiate  year 
1874-75,  Mr.  Hill  was  appointed  instructor  in 
Rhetoric  in  tlie  university,  and  in  1877,  Crozer 
Professor  of  Rlictoric.  At  the  same  time  he 
published,  through  Sheldon  &  Co.,  of  New  York, 
*•  The  Science  of  Rhetoric,"  an  advanced  text-book 


for  colleges,  which  was  at  once  adopted  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Micliigan,  Vassar  College,  and  other  first- 
class  institutions.  At  the  request  of  Sheldon  &, 
Co.,  Prof.  Hill  prepared  '•  The  Elements  of  Rhet- 
oric," for  schools  of  lower  grade,  which  is  now  used 
in  every  State  of  the  Union.  '  In  1879,  Prof  Hill 
began  a  series  of  brief  Ijiographies  of  American 
authors,  similar  to  Morley's  "  English  Men  of  Let- 
ters." Two  volumes,  on  Irving  and  Bryant,  re- 
spectively, were  issued  by  Sheldon  &  Co.,  and  were 
widely  accepted  and  highly  praised.  The  prepara- 
tion of  this  series  was  interrupted  by  his  election 
to  the  presidency  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg, 
in  March,  1879,  to  succeed  the  Rev.  Justin  R. 
Loomis,  LL.D.,  the  position  which  he  now  occu- 
pies. Since  his  election  to  the  presidency  Pres- 
ident Hill  has  confined  his  pen  to  lectures,  ser- 
mons, and  review  articles.  He  has  an  engagement 
with  Sheldon  «fc  Co.  to  prepare  an  element.try  work 
on  Logic  as  soon  as  his  duties  permit.  President 
Hill,  though  quite  young,  is  one  of  the  ablest  men 
in  the  Baptist  denomination,  with  unusual  pros- 
pects before  him. 

Hill,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Virginia,  June 
11,  ISll  ;  educated  at  Mercer  University,  Penfield. 
Ga.  ;  commenced  preaching  in  1838  ;  came  to  Texas 
in  1840,  and  prosecuted  faithfully  the  work  of  the 
ministry  at  Brazoria,  Matagorda,  AVharton,  and 
Brenham  until  1869,  when  he  was  called  away  to 
his  eternal  home.  He  was  a  preacher  of  imposing 
personal  appearance,  and  ably  presented  and  en- 
forced the  great  doctrines  of  the  gospel.  Few  men 
in  Texas  labored  under  more  difficulties  and  with 
more  success. 

Hill,  Rev.  Reuben  Coleman,  M.D.,  is  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  and  successful  Baptists  in 
Oregon.  Born  in  Kentucky,  March  27,  1808,  of 
Baptist  parents;  baptized  in  1833;  ordained  as 
deacon  and  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Clear  Creek 
church  in  1835  ;  ordained  in  1845.  He  removed  to 
Keetsville,  Mo.,  in  1846 ;  organized  the  church 
there,  and  increased  its  membersiiip  to  100.  In 
1851  he  removed  to  Oregon;  located  at  Albany, 
where  he  still  resides ;  organized  the  Cowallis  and 
Albany  churches;  was  pastor  of  one  church  eigh- 
teen years,  of  the  Albany  church  eleven  years,  and 
has  served  other  churches  shorter  periods.  He  has 
baptized  1014  converts,  among  them  six  whole 
houseliolds.  He  is  a  physician  as  well  as  preacher ; 
is  liberal  in  his  gifts;  a  member  of  all  Baptist  mis- 
sionary, educational,  and  Bible  organizations  in 
the  State,  and  has  served  two  terms  as  a  member 
of  the  Oregon  Legislature. 

Hill,  R.  J.,  M.D.,  was  lK)rn  in  Ashland  Co.,  O., 
June  15,  1836.  He  was  educated  at  Vermilion  In- 
stitute and  Granville  College.  He  was  teacher  and 
pupil  till  he  closed  his  course.  In  1859  he  began 
a  course  of  medical  study  with  Drs.  Rupert  and 


HILL 


524 


HILL 


Thompson,  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  graduated  at  the 
Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  0.  In  1862 
he  became  surgeon  of  the  4-Oth  Ohio  Kegiment  of 
Volunteers;  was  captured  in  Tennessee  by  Gen. 
Longstrect  in  1863 ;  spent  a  month  in  Liliby 
Prison;  was  exchanged  November  2U,  and,  after  a 
brief  visit  home,  re-entered  the  army,  and  remained 
till  the  end  of  the  war.  Came  to  St.  Louis  in  1866, 
where  he  has  acquired  an  extensive  practice  and  a 
flattering  reputation.  He  is  now  president  of  the 
Public  School  Board  of  St.  Louis.  lie  was  for 
years  a  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church  in  Green 
Town,  O.,  and  he  is  now  a  consistent  and  useful 
member  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

Hill,  Stephen  P.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  April  17,  181)6,  and  received  his  early  edu- 


STEPHEV    p.  nil.I,,  D.D. 

cation  at  the  Salem  High  School.  His  parents  and 
all  his  family  connections  were  Unitarians.  About 
the  age  of  fourteen,  casually  entering  a  Baptist 
church,  he  heard  a  sermon  from  the  veneraVjle 
Father  Grafton,  of  Newton,  on  the  unbelief  of  the 
Apostle  Thom.as,  which  wa-s  instrumental  in  his 
conversion,  lie  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Lucius 
Bolles  in  June,  1821,  being  then  about  fifteen.  At 
the  age  of  twelve  young  Hill  had  entered  the  law- 
office  of  the  Hon.  David  Cummins,  but  desiring  a 
more  active  life,  he  was  occupied  for  a  while  in 
mercantile  pursuits.  But  his  heart  was  in  the 
work  of  the  ministry.  He  began  preaching  at  the 
early  age  of  seventeen,  and,  in  connection  with  the 
Kev.  G.  D.  Boardman,  then  a  student  at  Andover, 


he  frequently  preached  for  the  colored  people. 
Wishing  to  prepare  himself  more  thoroughly  for 
his  life-work,  he  entered  Waterville  College  in 
1825,  and  in  1827  removed  to  Brown  University, 
graduating  in  1829.  During  his  winter  vacations 
he  was  engaged  in  teaching.  He  entered  the  theo- 
logical seminary  at  Newton,  and  finished  his  course 
in  1832,  at  which  time  he  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  Ma.ss. 
His  connection  with  it,  though  pleasant,  was  short ; 
he  removed  to  a  warmer  climate  in  consequence  of 
a  threatened  pulmonary  complaint.  He  passed  the 
winter  of  1833-34  near  Charleston,  .S.  C,  and,  at 
the  urgent  request  of  Dr.  Basil  Manly,  supplied 
the  pulpit  of  the  church  in  Georgetown  in  that 
State.  On  his  return  to  the  North,  he  was  taken 
sick  in  Baltimore,  and  on  his  recovery  he  was  in- 
vited to  become  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  which  position  he  accepted.  His  min- 
istry here  was  long-continued  and  successful,  the 
membership  having  increased  during  the  first  eight 
years  of  his  pastorate  from  80  to  nearly  600.  A 
Sunday-school  numbering  upwards  of  500  was 
gathered,  and  several  au.\iliary  schools  organized 
in  various  parts  of  the  city.  After  seventeen  years 
of  fruitful  labor  in  this  field.  Dr.  Hill  removed  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  took  charge  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  in  which  relation  he  continued, 
greatly  prospered,  until  1861,  when  he  resigned. 
Since  that  time  he  has  had  no'rcgular  charge,  but 
has  frequently  preached  to  feeble  congregations 
unable  to  support  pastors.  He  has  also  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  the  welfare  and  progress  of  the 
colored  Baptist  churches,  often  preaching  for  them, 
and  always  ready  to  give  them  encouragement  and 
counsel.  Dr.  Hill  has  also  added  to  the  literature 
of  the  denomination.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
prize  monographs, — one  on  "The  Theatre,"  one 
on  "The  Church,"  etc.,  and  has  also  published, 
among  other  works,  an  essay  on  "  The  Best  Plan 
of  an  International  Tribunal  for  Peace."  He  has 
also  written  some  poetry, — "  The  Unlimited  Pro- 
gression of  Mind,"  which  was  delivered  before  the 
literary  societies  of  Brown  University  at  the  com- 
mencement in  1839;  on  "The  Problem  of  Truth," 
delivered  before  the  societies  of  Madison  University 
in  1859;  and  on  "The  Triumphs  of  the  Gospel," 
delivered  before  the  Knowles  Society  of  the  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary  in  1839.  He  has  also 
written  a  number  of  shorter  poems,  published  in 
various  papers  and  periodicals.  But  few  men  are 
nVore  familiar  with  the  history  of  hymnology,  and 
his  refined  taste  in  this  department  of  literatur" 
led  to  his  selection  as  one  of  the  committee  which 
had  charge  of  the  preparation  of  the  hymn-book 
so  extensively  used  .at  one  time, — "  The  Psalmist." 
Dr.  Hill  is  also  the  author  of  a  collection  of  hymns 
under  the  title  of  "  Christian  Melodies,"  as  well  as 


HILL 


525 


HILLS  MAN 


of  several  small  works  for  the  youni;, — "Time,  the 
Price  of  Wisdom,"'  "  The  Youth's  Monitor,"  and 
a  '■  Comprehensive  Catechism.''  lie  is  an  active 
niemljer  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Columbian 
University,  and  deeply  interested  in  its  welfare. 
Mrs.  Hill  is  a  sister  of  W.  W.  Corcoran,  LL.D., 
the  well-known  and  generous  benefactor  of  so 
many  ijood  causes. 

Hill,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1797. 
lie  was  CMjiiverted  in  1S22,  and  was  ordained  in 
1S25.  He  was  the  first  missionary  for  Southern 
Indiana  appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society.  He  served  it  and  the  Indiana 
State  Convention  thirteen  years.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  Coffee  Creek  church  thirty  years,  and  he  was 
moderator  of  the  Coffee  Creek  Association  thirty- 
nine  years.  He  was  a  strong  thinker  and  an  elo- 
quent preacher.  Hundreds  have  been  led  to  Christ 
by  his  ministry.     He  died  March  27,  1876. 

Hillman,  Walter,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished  edu- 
cator in  Mississippi,  was  born  on  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Mass.,  in  1829.  After  a  preparatory  course  at 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  and  Worcester 
Academy,  he  entered  Brown  University  in  1849. 
While  in  it  he  spent  one  year  in  teaching  as  sub- 
principal  of  Worcester  Academy  and  as  classical 
instructor  in  Pierce  Academy.  lie  graduated  in 
IS.M  with  the  degree  of  A.M..  and  was  immedi- 
ately elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Mississippi  College,  at  Clinton.  In 
IS.^rt  he  became  principal  of  Central  Female  In- 
stitute in  the  same  town, — a  connection  he  has  re- 
tained until  the  present.  During  this  time  he  also 
held  the  presidency  of  Mississippi  College  for  six 
years.  Under  his  administration  tliese  institutions 
greatly  prospered.  Ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
IS.iS.  he  has  since  occasionally  preached. 

Hillman,  William,  was  bom  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  Nov.  21,  1794,  and  died  April  14,  1864.  In 
his  nineteenth  year  he  was  converted  and  bivptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  by 
the  pastor,  llev.  William  Parkinson.  For  more 
than  fifty  years  he  was  a  raemlter  of  that  church. 
While  a  young  man  he  was  elected  one  of  its 
deacons,  and  its  honored  pastors,  Wm.  Parkinson. 
Spencer  II.  Cone,"  A.  Kingman  Nott,  and  Thomas 
1).  Anderson  found  him  a  safe  adviser,  an  efficient 
helper,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  the  church  and 
nil  the  great  evangelizing  enterprises  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  With  Dr.  Cone  he  entered  heartily 
into  the  work  of  the  American  Bible  Union.  He 
was  one  of  the  eighteen  men  who  on  a  stormy  day 
met  in  Deacon  Wm.  Colgate's  parlor  and  took  pre- 
liminary measures  for  its  organization.  He  paid 
the  first  hundred  dollars  into  its  treasury  to  make 
his  pastor  a  life-director.  He  possessed  a  strong 
faith  in  God,  was  a  man  of  ardent  piety,  and  left 
this  world  by  a  death  remarkable  for  its  peaceful, 


joyful,  triumphant  demonstration  of  Christian  vic- 
tory. 

Hillsman,  Matthew,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ten- 
nessee, near  the  town  of  Knoxville,  Aug.  7,  1814. 


MATTUEW     IIIl.l.SMAN',   D.D. 

AVith  the  exception  of  two  years  in  Talladega, 
Ala.,  he  has  spent  all  his  life  in  his  native  State. 
Mr.  Hillsman  was  converted  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen, and  was  ordained  in  183.5.  For  umny  years 
he  supplied  Baptist  pulpits  in  a  number  of  cities 
and  towns  in  Tennessee.  Among  his  successful 
p.astorates  was  the  one  with  the  church  at  Mur- 
freesborough,  from  which  there  were  sent  out  as 
foreign  missionaries  Dr.  Burton,  T.  P.  Crawford, 
and  Rev.  Mr.  Gilliard.  For  one  year  he  was  pres- 
ident of  Mossj'  Creek  College,  and  subsequently 
for  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Bible 
Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  In 
1862  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Trenton, 
Tenn.,  where  he  still  resides,  ministering  to  it  and 
preaching  with  great  acceptance  in  the  surrounding 
country.  As  president  of  the  board  of  the  West 
Tennessee  Baptist  Convention,  and  sometimes  pres- 
ident of  the  Convention  itself,  he  has  done  much  to 
promote  its  efficiency.  A  trustee  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  he  was  one  of  the 
committee  who  selected  Louisville  as  its  location  : 
and  he  w.as  also  cm  the  committee  which  presented  a 
plan  for  the  organization  of  the  Southwestern  Bap- 
tist University.  For  more  than  forty  years  he  has 
been  intimately  connected  with  the  educational, 
missionary,  and  benevolent  enterprises  of  Tennes- 
see, and  he  has  always  been  zealous  in  aiding  the 


HILLYER 


HIXCKLKf 


Domestic  and  Foreign  Boiirds  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention.  Dr.  llilLsnuin  presides  well  over 
doliliersitive  bodies,  and  is  frequently  ealled  upon 
to  act  in  that  capacity,  and  is  now  the  moderator 
of  tlie  Central  Association.  As  a  preacher  he  is 
widely  known,  and  has  great  influence  in  all  parts 
of  Tennessee.  As  a  teacher,  editor,  or  pastor,  he 
has  been  identified  with  all  the  great  ISajitist  move- 
ments with  credit  to  himself  and  honor  to  the  de- 
nomination. No  wan  has  the  confidence  of  his 
brethren  more  completely  or  stands  hif;her  in  their 
estimation.  In  his  sermons  lie  is  sound  in  doctrine, 
clear  in  exposition,  and  powerful  in  appeal,  and 
entirely  free  from  sensationalism.  His  style  is 
plain,  practical,  and  direct,  his  best  efforts  being 
those  of  his  regular  service.  The  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Union 
University.  He  is  at  present  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  Nashville  lirfli-rtnr. 

Hillyer,  Rev.  John  F.,  LL.D.,  was  born  May  25, 
ISOo,  in  AVilkes  Co.,  Ga.  ;  educated  at  University 
of  Georgia  and  Georgia  Medical  College ;  prac- 
tised medicine  two  years;  professed  religion  in 
1825,  and  soon  thereafter  commenced  preaching; 
was  connected  as  a  professor  with  Mercer  Univer- 
sity, Penfield,  Ga.,  from  1835  to  1839;  preached  and 
taught  at  Eatonton  until  1847,  when  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Galveston  Baptist  church,  Texas; 
was  successful  in  establishing  Gonzales  College, 
of  which  he  was  first  president.  From  1861)  to 
18G5  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Baylor  University.  From  the  last- 
named  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  ; 
was  at  the  organization  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  State 
Convention,  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
the  Texas  Baptist  State  Convention;  has  preached 
fifty-three  years  ;  is  a  brother  of  Rev.  S.  G.  Ilillyer, 
D.D.,  and  lion.  Junius  Ilillyer,  late  member  of 
Congress  from  Georgia ;  was  chaplain  of  Texas 
house  of  representatives  two  sessions,  and  minis- 
ters now  to  two  or  three  churches  regularly.  He 
has  been  a  successful  preacher  and  teacher,  and 
always  a  hard  worker. 

Hillyer,  Shaler  G.,  D.D.,  president  of  Monroe 
Female  College,  Forsyth,  Ga.,  stands  among  the 
first  Baptist  preachers  and  scholars  of  the  State. 
For  nearly  fifty  years  he  has  been  thoroughly  iden- 
tified with  both  the  secular  and  religious  affairs  of 
the  Baptists  of  Georgia,  and  he  is  universally  rec- 
ognized as  a  man  of  great  ability,  high  culture,  and 
deep  piety,  and  of  eloquence  far  above  ordinary.  lie 
was  born  Juno  20,  1809,  in  Wilkes  County,  and  was 
educated  at  the  State  University,  graduating  with 
the  class  of  1829.  He  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Athens  in  1831,  and  was  ordained  in  1S35. 
During  his  long  life  he  has  been  the  pastor  of 
Baptist  churches  in  all  parts  of  the  State,— at 
Athens,  Milledgeville,    Macon,  Madison,  Forsyth, 


White  Plains,  Rome,  Penfield,  Crawfordville,  Cass 
Spring,  Albany,  and  various  other  places ;  and  his 
piety,  zeal,  amiability,  scholarship,  pulpit  ability, 
and  theological  learning  have  united  in  making 
him  both  useful  and  successful.  As  a  sermonizer 
and  orator  he  has  very  few,  if  any,  superiors  in  the 
State,  for  to  a  noble  and  dignified  style,  amounting 
often  to  striking  eloquence,  he  unites  a  strong  cur- 
rent of  manly  thought,  arranged  in  a  systenmtic 
train  most  attractive  to  cultivated  minds.  He  wiis 
tutor  in  the  State  University  during  the  year  18.34, 
and  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-Lettres  in 
Mercer  University  from  January,  1847,  to  May, 
1856.  From  September,  1859,  to  May,  1862,  he 
was  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  same  institution, 
and  in  both  these  positions  he  sustained  himself 
with  marked  ability.  AVhen  the  war  broke  up 
Mercer  University  temporarily,  his  professorship 
ceased,  and  as  it  has  never  been  re-established,  his 
connection  with  Mercer  University  has  not  been 
resumed.  He  and  Prof  Asbury,  after  the  war, 
took  charge  of  the  Monroe  Female  College,  at  For- 
syth, Ga.,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  president 
of  the  college  and  pastor  of  the  Forsyth  church. 

Dr.  Ilillyer  is  a  devoted  Christian,  pure  in  heart, 
unselfish,  confiding,  and  faithful.  As  a  preacher, 
his  sermons  move  the  heart  and  excite  the  sensi- 
bilities. He  is  a  guileless  man,  and  stands  high 
in  the  Christian  confidence  of  his  brethren. 

Himes,  Rev.  Palmer  C,  was  born  in  Clarendon, 
Vt.,  April  3,  1804.  lie  was  hopefully  converted  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  and  was  baptized  Dec.  19,  1824, 
by  Rev.  John  Spaulding,  and  united  with  the 
Berkshire,  Vt..  Baptist  church.  He  commenced 
preaching  in  Sheldon,  and  the  seal  of  the  divine 
blessing  at  once  rested  upon  his  labors.  After 
preaching  for  a  time,  he  went  to  the  Madison 
Theological  Institution,  pursuing  his  studies  a  lit- 
tle less  than  two  years.  He  was  ordained  at  Enos- 
burg  in  March,  1833.  He  labored  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel  for  forty-two  years,  in  Vermont,  New 
Hampshire,  and  Maine.  It  has  been  estimated 
that  not  far  from  one  thousand  persons  were  con- 
verted under  his  ministry.  lie  died  at  Enosburg, 
Vt.,  March  5,  1871. 

Hinckley,  Rev.  Abel  R.,  wils  bom  in  Liver- 
more,  Me.,  Dec.  24,  1809.  He  was  converted  in  1831, 
and  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Augusta.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  that  church  in  1832.  Soon 
afterwards  he  began  a  course  of  study,  spending 
some  time  in  Waterville  College,  Newton,  and 
New  Hampton.  Sept.  14,  1834,  he  was  ordained 
by  the  Swanzey  church,  N.  II.,  during  the  session 
of  the  Dublin  Association,  and  shortly  afterwards 
moved  to  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  He  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  Sparta  church  in  1836.  After 
a  few  months  he  received  a  call  from  the  church  at 
Franklin,  and  his  great  interest  in  the  "Manual 


HINTON 


527 


HINTON 


Labor  Institute,"  then  lately  started,  led  him  to  ac- 
cept it.  He  removed  to  Franklin  in  November, 
1837.  The  church  had  no  liouse  of  worship. 
Under  his  leadership  it  built  a  large,  commodious 
edifice,  and  the  membership  rapidly  increased.  In 
July,  Is42,  he  had  a  second  attack  of  heniDrrhaj^e 
of  the  lungs,  whieli  obliged  him  to  cease  public 
labor.  lie  died  in  the  following  September.  He 
was  for  five  consecutive  years  secretary  of  the 
State  Convention.  His  efforts  for  the  jiromotion 
of  the  institute  were  untiring.  One  of  the  present 
deacons  of  the  Franklin  church  says  that  he  was 
the  best  and  purest  man  he  ever  knew. 

lie  published  in  pamphlet  form  a  series  of  letters 
on  "  Baptism,"  in  reply  to  a  sermon  preached  by 
Dr.  Monfort,  of  the  Franklin  Presbyterian  church. 
This  pamphlet  was  extensively  circulated  and  well 
received,  and  produced  a  good  result  in  the  State. 

He  was  Indiana  editor  of  the  Banner  and  Pioneer, 
published  at  Louisville,  Ky.  He  spent  much  of  his 
time  in  planning  for  the  enlargement  of  the  Re- 
deemer's kingdom  among  Indiana  Baptists. 

Hinton,  Rev.  Isaac  Taylor,  was  liorn  in  Ox- 
ford, England,  -luly  4,  17'.I'J.  In  1821  he  vras  bap- 
tized by  his  father.  He  sailed  from  London  for 
Philadelphia,  April  9,  \X?,2.  In  June,  183.3,  he 
took  the  oversight  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Richmond,  Va.  In  1835  he  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Chicago,  then  in  its  in- 
fancy. In  1841  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second 
church  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  December,  1844,  he 
received  an  invitation  from  the  Baptists  of  New 
Orleans  to  labor  in  that  city,  and  immediately  re- 
moved to  this  new  field.  He  was  instrumental  in 
building  a  chui-ch  edifice  for  them,  which  was 
opened  in  February,  1840,  and  in  greatly  increasing 
their  numbers,  so  much  so  that  it  was  planned  by 
the  pastor  and  his  people  to  erect  a  larger  structure 
in  the  autumn  of  1847.  He  died  of  yellow  fever  on 
the  28th  of  August,  1847. 

Mr.  Hinton  was  the  author  of  a  "  History  of 
Baptism,"  and  of  "  Prophecies  of  Daniel  and  .John, 
illustrated  by  the  Events  of  History." 

The  churches  over  which  Mr.  Hinton  presided, 
without  exception,  prospered,  and  he  was  instru- 
mental in  forming  other  churches  in  localities  near 
the.se  seats  (cathedrse)  of  his  ministry. 

In  fourteen  years  of  his  life  in  America  ho  made 
a  name  as  widely  known  as  our  country,  and  his 
memory  is  fragrant  still  in  the  land  of  his  adop- 
tion. Like  the  saintly  Wilson,  a  recent  martyr,  in 
the  same  city,  by  the  same  plague,  Mr.  Hinton  left 
a  numerous  family.  He  possessed  a  remarkable 
amount  of  historical  information  and  of  Biblical 
knowledge,  and  he  had  a  deep  experience  of  the 
love  of  Christ. 

He  was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  Alton  Col- 
lege, 111.,  and  he  was  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the 


purest  and  most  learned  and  talented  ministers  in 
the  denomination. 

Hinton,  Rev.  John  Howard,  M.A.,  was  the  son 
of  the  Kev.  James  Hinton,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Oxford,  England,  and  was  born  in  that 
city  March  24,  IT'Jl.  His  father  conducted  a  private 
school  for  many  years  with  much  credit  and  suc- 
cess, and  was  well  known  as  an  able  and  scholarly 
minister.  Not  a  few  men  of  brilliant  reputation 
were  educated  by  him.  His  mother  was  of  the 
famous  family  of  the  Taylors,  being  the  daughter 
of  the  eminent  engraver,  Isaac  Taylor,  the  first  of 
five  in  lineal  descent  of  that  name.  Among  Mr. 
Isaac  Taylor's  friends  was  John  Howard,  the  phi- 
lanthropist, and  when  he  was  about  to  take  his  last 
journey  abroad,  he  said  to  his  friend's  daughter,  "I 
have  now  no  son  of  my  own  :  if  ever  you  have  one, 
pray  call  him  after  me."  Mrs.  Hinton  possessed 
much  of  the  family  ability,  and  her  influence  upon 
her  eldest  son,  whom  she  named  John  Howard,  de- 
termined him  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry. 
At  first  he  studied  medicine,  but  when  he  was  in 
his  twentieth  year,  having  been  called  by  the 
church  to  exercise  his  gifts  in  the  ministry,  he  was 
entered  at  Bristol  College,  then  under  the  presi- 
dency of  Dr.  Ryland.  Here  he  studied  for  two 
years,  and  proceeded  to  Edinburgh  University  in 
1813.  He  had  received  an  excellent  scholastic 
training  with  his  father's  pupils  at  home,  and  the 
curriculum  of  the  celebrated  Scottish  university, 
together  with  the  theological  studies  of  Bristol  Col- 
lege, gave  him  a  very  complete  furnishing  for  the 
work  of  his  life.  lie  took  the  M.A.  degree  at  F.din- 
burgh  at  the  close  of  the  third  year  of  the  academical 
cour.se,  and  after  preaching  for  some  time  in  various 
places,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in 
llaverford-West,  Pembrokeshire,  and  preached  his 
first  sermon  there  on  May  19,  1816.  After  five 
years'  ministry  at  Ilaverford-West,  he  removed  to 
Reading,  and  in  this  more  advantageous  position 
he  found  scope  for  his  great  talents,  and  became 
prominent  in  the  denomination.  His  native  ability 
and  very  superior  culture  gave  him  a  leading  place 
among  the  foremost  Non-conformist  ministers  in 
all  public  movements.  In  183"  he  entered  upon 
the  pastorate  of  the  ancient  church  in  Devonshire 
Square,  Bishopsgate  Street,  in  the  very  heart  of 
London.  In  denominational  work  he  was  ever 
foremost.  The  Baptist  Union,  of  which  for  many 
years  he  was  the  indefatigable  secretary,  would 
have  miseral)ly  perished  l)ut  for  his  persistence 
and  faith  in  its  utility  as  a  means  of  securing  de- 
nominational unity.  In  the  operations  of  the  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Society  he  had  taken  the  liveliest 
interest  in  his  youthful  days,  when  Andrew  Fuller 
and  other  founders  of  the  mission  used  to  come  to 
O.xfiird  to  confer  with  his  father  and  pray  together 
for  divine  direction.     After  coming  to  London  he 


HINTON 


528 


EISCOX 


bore  an  influential  part  in  the  counsels  of  tlio  Mis- 
sionary Committee,  and  threw  himself  heart  and 
soul  into  the  enterprise  of  William  Knibb  to  render 
the  Jamaica  Baptist  churches  self-supporting.  Ills 
life  of  Knibb  j^ives  a  lively  and  stirring  jiresenta- 
tion  of  the  work  and  its  claims  upon  Christian 
benevolence.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century,  without 
any  abatement  of  energy,  he  pursued  these  mani- 
fold labors,  and  all  the  while  he  was  busy  with  his 
pen  ou  theological  and  kindred  topics  suggested  in 
the  course  of  events.  lie  entered  warmly  into  con- 
troversies in  which  the  fundaiueutal  truths  of  re- 
ligion were  assailed,  and  he  enjoyed  the  remarkable 
e.Kporience  of  being  suspected  of  heterodoxy  in  his 
youth  for  the  maintenance  of  opinions  which  in 
his  old  age  procured  him  the  highest  reputation  for 
orthodoxy.  He  could  boast  that  it  was  not  he  who 
had  changed  his  sentiments.  Ilis  collected  works, 
published  by  himself,  on  his  retirement  from  his 
London  pastorate  in  1863,  form  seven  volumes. 
His  intimate  friend,  the  Rev.  C.  M.  Birrell,  says  of 
his  works,  that  "  thousands  could  tell  the  tale  of  re- 
covery from  infidelity  ;  of  increased  reverence  for  the 
authority  of  the  Word  of  God  ;  of  the  dispersion  of 
sluggish  formalisni,  anil  the  creation  of  a  vivid  and 
vital  realization  of  admitted  truths,  which  had  come 
to  them  through  his  penetrating  and  awakening 
pen."  His  figure  was  of  commanding  height,  and 
his  countenance  was  singularly  calm  and  thought- 
ful. An  admirable  portrait  of  him  hangs  in  the 
board  room  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society.  He 
was  "instant  in  prayer,"  steadfastly  preserving  the 
habits  of  devotion  in  the  midst  of  exciting  and  ab- 
sorbing public  labors.  During  the  last  four  or  five 
years  of  his  life  his  bodily  powers  gently  and 
steadily  diminished,  until  at  last  he  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus  in  perfect  peace,  and  with  unclouded  mind, 
on  Dec.  22,  1873,  aged  eighty-two.  As  a  preacher 
he  excelled  in  analysis  and  exposition.  His  ser- 
mons were  pre-eminently  instructive,  rich  in  argu- 
ment, wrought  in  the  fire  of  a  fervid  evangelical 
zeal  for  the  salvation  of  men.  Besides  his  col- 
lected works,  in  seven  volumes,  he  edited  the  Eng- 
lish edition  of  Dr.  Wayland's  '•  Principles  and 
Practices  of  Baptists,"  Rev.  Isaac  Taylor  Ilinton's 
work  on  the  "  History  of  Baptism."  lie  con- 
tributed several  works  to  general  literature,  the 
most  popular  being  the  biography  of  William 
Knibb.  In  early  life  he  published  a  work  on  the 
"History  and  Topography  of  the  United  States, 
from  their  First  Discovery  and  Colonization  to 
1826,"  which  was  completed  in  1832,  and  favorably 
received  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  Later  edi- 
tions have  been  published  in  England  and  in  Amer- 
ica. His  pamphlets  on  the  voluntary  principle  and 
other  stirring  public  questions  were  characterized 
by  incisive  force,  with  peculiar  accuracy  and  lucid- 
ity of  statement. 


Hinton,  James,  IH.I).,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  Howard  Hinton,  was  for  many  years  a  dis- 
tinguished London  physician,  and  published  sev- 
eral valuable  works,  some  of  which  were  widely 
known, — ''  The  Mystery  of  Pain,"  "Man  and  his 
Dwelling-Place,"  "  Life  in  Nature,"  etc.  Dr.  Hin- 
ton was  baptized  by  his  father  in  early  life,  and  his 
writings  are  marked  by  a  devout,  reverent  spirit, 
as  well  as  high  intelligence.  His  death,  in  London, 
was  recently  announced. 

Hires,  Rev.  Allen  J.,  was  bom  in  Bridgeton, 
N.  J.,  Sept.  26,  1822.  At  the  .age  of  sixteen  years 
he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  that  town.  After  a  course  of  study  pre- 
paratory to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  he  was 
ordained  when  twenty-five  years  old,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Vincent  church,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 
From  his  ordination  up  to  the  present  time  his  life 
has  been  devoted  to  labor  for  the  salvation  of  men 
and  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  cause  of  Christ.  His 
pastoral  relations  have  been,  in  addition  to  the  above- 
named  place,  at  Glen  Run,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. ;  Jer- 
sey Shore,  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa. ;  Woodstown,  N.  J.  ; 
Cape  May  Court-House,  N.  .J. ;  and  with  the  Second 
church,  Baltimore,  Md.  For  four  years  he  was 
also  district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  in  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey.  Mr.  Hires  has  been  greatly  honored  of 
God  in  his  ministry. 

HisCOX,  Edward  T.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  West- 
erly, R.  I.,  Aug.  24,  1814.  His  mother  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  his  father  was  a 
Seventh-Day  Baptist.  One  of  his  ancestors.  Rev. 
William  Hiscox,  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  first 
Seventh-Day  church  in  America.  In  September, 
1834,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Flood  Shurtleff,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
AVakefield,  R.  I.  He  was  graduated  from  Madison 
University  in  1843.  .and  in  IS44  he  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Westerly, 
R.  I.  During  his  three  years  of  labor  there  the 
church  had  a  r.apid  growth,  built  a  spacious  house 
of  worship,  and  became  one  of  the  ablest  churches 
in  the  State.  In  1847  he  took  charge  of  the  Cen- 
tral church,  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  where,  during  five 
years,  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  In  1S.')2  he 
accepted  a  call  to  Stanton  Street  church.  New  York. 
He  remained  there  several  years,  during  which 
about  four  hundred  were  added  to  the  church, 
chiefly  by  baptism.  At  the  present  time  he  is 
pastor  at  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  laboring  with  his 
usual  vigor  and  success.  He  is  an  able  preacher 
and  a  prolific  writer.  He  is  the  author  of  "The 
Baptist  Church  Directory,"  a  manual  of  Baptist 
Church  order  and  polity,  30,000  copies  of  which 
have  been  sold.  It  has  been  translated  into  six 
foreign  languages,  and  is  generally  used  by  our 
foreign   missionaries ;    also,    "  The   Baptist   Short 


HISTORICAL   SOCIETY 


529 


HOBBS 


Method,"  an  examination  of  the  characteristic 
features  of  the  Baptists  as  distinguished  from 
other  denominations  of  Christians ;  "  The  Star 
Bonk  for  Ministers,"  a  manual  for  ministers  of  all 
denominations;  "The  Star  Book  of  Christian  Bap- 
tism," a  manual  in  reference  to  this  ordinance.  lie 
is  about  to  brin;;;  out  "  The  Star  Book  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,"  "  The  Star  Book  on  Baptist  Councils," 
and  a  larije  volume  on  the  mutual  relations  and 
responsibilities  of  pastors  and  churches,  entitled 
''  Pastor  anil  People." 

Historical  Society,  The  American  Baptist. 

— At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society,  held  May  4,  1853,  in  the 
Spruce  Street  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  a  spe- 
cial meetins;  was  called  for  the  ne.x t  evening  to  or- 
ganize a  '"Historical  Department"  in  connection 
with  the  Publication  Society.  The  motion  to  con- 
vene the  meeting  was  made  by  John  M.  Peck,  D.D., 
and  the  mover,  together  with  Hon.  II.  G.  Jones  and 
Henry  E.  Lincoln,  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
report  a  plan  of  organization.  At  the  meeting  of 
the  Publication  Society,  on  Thursday  evening,  the 
committee  reported  a  constitution,  which  was  unan- 
imously adopted,  establishing  a  national  society,  to 
be  called  ''The  American  Baptist  Historical  So- 
ciety," and  they  gave  it  "  a  separate  and  permanent 
form,"  and  required  "  its  officers  to  be  elected  by  the 
Publication  Society."  William  R.  Williams,  D.D., 
was  its  first  president.  ''  The  objects  of  the  society 
were  to  collect  and  preserve  all  manuscripts,  docu- 
ments, and  books  relating  to  Baptist  history,"  etc. 

The  society  made  progress  in  various  directions, 
but  rather  slowly  until  1860,  when  the  late  Dr. 
Malcom  became  its  president.  Ardently  attached 
to  its  objects,  and  free  from  public  duties,  he  gave 
his  entire  time  to  the  increase  of  its  treasures,  and 
in  a  few  years  its  library  was  enriched  by  thousands 
of  volumes,  many  of  them  of  priceless  value  to  our 
denominational  history. 

In  1861  the  society  was  incorporated  under  a 
new  constitution,  which  gives  it  as  the  constituency 
to  elect  its  officers  and  board,  not  the  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society,  "  but  all  persons  who  pay  ten  dol- 
lars or  more  towards  its  objects."  The  secretary 
of  the  Publication  Society  and  the  president  and 
secretary  of  its  board  of  managers  are  ex  riffirio 
members  of  the  board  of  the  Historical  Society. 

Constant  accessions  are  made  to  the  library,  to 
the  increase  of  which  all  the  funds  donated  to  the 
society  are  devoted. 

The  Historical  Society  has  at  least  six  thousand 
volumes,  among  which  there  are  many  rare  works 
by  the  Baptist  writers  of  other  days, — books  which 
it  would  be  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  replace  ; 
and  it  also  has  the  writings  of  many  Pedobaptists 
assailing  our  peculiarities.  It  needs  financial  sup- 
port to  secure  the  literary  treasures  which  are  fre- 


quently within  its  reach,  and  it  should  receive  it 
liberally. 

It  is  believed  that  the  society  should  have  a  warm 
place  in  the  hearts  of  our  entire  denomination,  and 
that  it  should  speedily  be  furnished  with  a  fire-proof 
building  to  protect  its  invaluable  collection  of  books 
and  other  treasures. 

Rev.  William  Cathcart,  D.D.,  is  the  president  of 
the  society,  Rev.  Job  H.  Chambers,  secretary,  and 
II.  E.  Lincoln,  Esq.,  librarian  and  treasurer. 

Hobart,  I.  N.,  D.D.,  for  over  ten  years  con- 
nected with  the  direction  of  State  missions  in  Illi- 
nois, was  born  in  Lyme,  N.  II.,  Feb.  120,  1812.  His 
conversion  took  place  July  4,  1831,  and  his  bap- 
tism in  August  of  the  same  year.  In  1834  he  was 
licensed,  and  on  Aug.  12,  1841,  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Radnor,  Pa.,  Rev.  Elon 
Galusha  preaching  the  sermon.  He  remained  pas- 
tor at  Radnor  nearly  six  years,  returning  to  New 
England  with  impaired  health  in  1847,  and  for 
about  two  years  remaining  without  pastoral  charge. 
Jan.  1,  1849,  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
North  Oxford,  Mass.,  where  he  labored  between 
three  and  four  years,  when  he  accepted  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  church  at  Bristol,  R.  I.  Here  his  health 
failed  again,  and  in  1855  he  removed  to  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.  From  Jan.  1,  18.56,  to  Oct.  1,  1868,  he 
labored  in  that  State.  At  the  last  date  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  IIi)me  Mission  Society  to  take  charge 
of  its  work  in  Illinois.  In  the  year  following  the 
society  and  the  Illinois  Baptist  General  Association 
adopted  the  co-operative  plan  in  State  missions,  and 
Dr.  Hobart  was  chosen  superintendent  of  missions 
for  that  State.  When  the  co-operative  plan  was 
discontinued  he  was  appointed  district  secretary  for 
the  States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  and  Wisconsin.  At  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  the  Board  of  the  General  As- 
sociation he  decided  to  remain  in  the  superintend- 
ence of  its  missions,  and  to  this  post  has  been  elected 
from  year  to  year  to  the  present  time  (1880),  con- 
ducting the  Baptist  missions  of  the  State  with 
marked  selfdevotion  and  administrative  ability. 

Hobbs,  Smith  M.,  M.D.,  an  eminent  physician 
of  Mount  Washington,  Ky.,  was  born  in  Nelson 
County  in  1823.  His  early  education  was  under 
the  superintendence  of  Noble  Butler,  A.M..  a  well- 
known  author,  and  was  completed  at  St.  Joseph's 
College,  at  Bardstown.  He  graduated  at  the  Ken- 
tucky School  of  Medicine  in  1852.  and  immediately 
commenced  practice  at  Mount  Washington.  He  is 
a  gentleman  of  fine  culture  and  a  close  student,  a 
man  of  tireless  energ}-,  and  has  performed  an  in- 
credible amount  of  professional  labor.  He  w^as  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  1868.  and 
was  the  author  of  a  bill  which  largely  increased  the 
common-school  fund  of  the  State,  and  of  a  report 
in  favor  of  "  prohibiting  the  marriage  of  first  cous- 
ins."   In  1870  he  was  one  of  the  two  commissioners 


HOB GOOD 


530 


HODGE 


appointed  to  superintend  the  interest  of  Kentucky 
in  the  Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadelphia.     He 


->;^-.-V>.i. u  •> 

SUITli    H.  UOBBS,  M.D. 

became  a  Baptist  early  in  life,  and  is  a  liberal  con- 
tributor to  Baptist  enterprises. 

Hobgood,  Prof.  F.  P.,  was  born  in  Granville 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  IS4();  was  prepared  by  James  11. 
Horner  for  college ;  graduated  from  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1SC9;  taught  an  academy  at  Reidsville, 
N.  C.  i  came  to  Kaleigh  and  took  the  position  of 
his  father-in-law.  Dr.  Koyall,  as  principal  of  a  fe- 
male ciiUege,  which  he  conducted  successfully  until 
1880,  when  he  removed  liis  school  to  O.'iford,  N.  C. 

Hodge,  James  L.,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  'Williani 
and  Elizalii'th  lloilgo,  was  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scot- 
land, in  1812,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  accompanied 
his  parents  to  America.  In  IS.Sl  he  became  a 
member  of  the  First  B.aptist  church  of  Hartford. 
In  18.3.5,  after  graduating  at  the  Literary  Institu- 
tion, Suffield,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  that  town.  lie  was  subserjuently 
called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Brooklyn, 
which  proved  to  be  one  of  the  longest  and  most 
successful  settlements  of  his  life.  In  the  midst  of 
his  prosperity  he  was  impressed  with  the  impor- 
tance of  founding  a  church  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
city,  on  Washington  Avenue.  After  a  pastorate 
of  sumo  years  with  the  new  interest,  which  was 
crowned  with  success.  Dr.  Ilodge  was  induced  to 
settle  in  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1864,  after  an  absence 
of  eight  years,  he  was  called  to  his  present  highly 
successful  pastorate  with  the  Mariners'  church, 
New  York.     During  his  long  experience  as  a  min- 


ister, Dr.  Ilodge  has  been  regarded  as  an  eloquent 
champion  of  Scriptural  truth,  and  has  been  espe- 
cially fitted  for  the  performance  of  his  duties  by  his 
tender  sympathies,  magnetic  nature,  and  analytical 
powers.  In  1848  he  was  made  D.D.  by  Madison 
University. 

Hodge,  Marvin  Grow,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Hard- 
wick,  Vt.,  in  lS!2l>;  educated  at  Derby  Academy; 
ordained  at  Charleston  in  1843,  where  he  began  his 
ministry.  Subsequently  he  was  settled  at  Ctflchcs- 
tcr  and  llinesliurg,  Stillwater  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
Kiilanuizoo,  Mich.,  Beaver  Dam,  Janesville,  and 
Milwaukee,  AVis.  At  the  last  place  he  now  re- 
sides, and  is  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  that  city.  His  pastorates  at  Hanson  Place, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Janesville,  AVis.,  and  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.,  were  nearly  seven  years  each.  At  Janes- 
ville he  was  very  successfnl.  lie  added  not  only 
large  numbers  to  the  church,  but  led  the  church  to 
erect  the  finest  Baptist  meeting-house  in  the  State. 
He  loft  it  a  large,  intelligent,  and  influential  body. 
The  church  in  Milwaukee  is  strengthening  itself 
under  his  ministrations  and  entering  upon  a  new 
era  of  usefulness.  Dr.  Ilodge  was  one  year  district 
secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Convention, 
and  district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  for  New  England  two  years, 
lie  rcct^ived  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1849,  the  like  honor  from 


M.VRVIX    GROW    UODGE,  D.D. 

the  University  of  Rochester  in  1864,  and  the  title 
of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1867. 
He  excels  as  an  expository  preacher.     His  sermons 


HOD GEN 


531 


HOLCOMIiE 


are  nearly  all  clear  expositions  of  the  divine  Word. 
Theologically  exact  and  Scriptural,  always  thor- 
oughly prepared  with  the  riches  of  a  ripe  Christian 
experience,  he  brings  to  his  people  in  his  pulpit 
ministrations  a  gospel  feast.  His  people  love  to 
see  him  in  the  pulpit.  They  are  sure  to  he  in- 
structed. As  the  result,  he  indoctrinates  his  con- 
gregations and  builds  them  up.  Few  congregations 
are  better  instructed  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Word 
of  God  than  the  churches  at  Janesville  and  Kala- 
mazoo during  his  ministry  over  them.  As  a  pas- 
tor. Dr.  Iliidge  is  wi.se,  sympathetic,  knows  his 
people  thoroughly,  is  their  recognized  leader  and 
guide,  and  feeds  his  flock  like  a  shepherd,  gathering 
the  lambs  in  his  arms  and  carrying  them  in  his 
bosom.  With  his  fine  abilities  as  a  preacher,  his 
decided  executive  talents,  and  excellent  gifts  for 
pastoral  labor,  he  has  for  many  years  been  regarded 
as  one  of  the  ablest  of  Christian  ministers.  In  the 
State  where  he  now  resides,  and  where  ten  years 
of  his  life  have  been  spent,  he  is  known  as  a  good 
man  and  a  faithful  herald  of  Jesus  Christ,  "watch- 
ing for  souls." 

Hodgen,  Rev.  Isaac,  '"  in  some  respects  one  of 
the  most  brilliant  preachers  of  Kentucky,''  was  the 
son  of  Robert  Ilodgen,  a  distinguished  citizen  and 
a  leading  Baptist  among  the  first  settlers  of  Ken- 
tucky. He  was  born  in  La  Rue  County  about 
1780,  became  a  member  of  Severn's  Valley  church 
in  1802,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  at  Nolin  church 
in  1S04.  In  1805  he  removed  to  Green  County  and 
united  with  Mount  Gilead  church,  where  he  re- 
ceived ordination  the  same  year.  lie  devoted  most 
of  the  energies  of  his  life  to  the  work  of  an  evan- 
gelist, though  he  was  stated  preacher  for  several 
churches  at  different  periods.  He  traveled  and 
preached  almost  unceasingly,  and  multitudes  were 
turned  to  the  Lord  wherever  he  labored.  In  1817, 
accompanied  by  William  Warder,  he  made  a  tour 
as  far  as  Philadelphia,  returning  through  Virginia. 
They  traveled  the  entire  distance  on  horseback,  and 
preached  almost  every  night.  It  was  estimated 
that  "  over  fiOO  were  baptized  who  were  aw.ikened 
under  their  preaching  in  Virginia."  Mr.  Ilodgen 
continued  in  this  course  of  tireless  zeal  and  energy 
till  the  Lord  called  him  home  in  the  maturity  of 
his  manhood,  in  \>^2Ck 

Hodges,  Rev.  Cyrus  Whitman,  was  bnrn  in 
Leicester,  Vt., -luly  9,  1802;  became  a  Christian, 
and  united  with  the  Congregational  church  in  Sal- 
isbury, Vt.,  in  July,  1821.  AVithin  a  few  months, 
finding  his  views  more  in  harmony  with  those  of 
the  Baptists,  he  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Bran- 
don, and  was  licensed  by  them  to  preach  in  1822. 
He  was  ordained  at  CHiestcr.  N.  Y..  in  1824,  and 
remained  there  three  years.  His  other  pastorates 
were  Arlington.  Shaftsbury,  and  Springfield,  Vt., 
Westport,  N.  Y..  BL'iinington,  and  finally  Bristol, 


Vt.  In  each  of  these  places  he  rendered  good  ser- 
vice to  the  cause  of  his  Master.  He  died  April  4, 
1851. 

Holcombe,  Henry,  D.D. — Among  those  who 
took  an  active  and  beneficial  part  in  shaping  the 
destinies  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State 
of  Georgia  was  Henry  Holcombe.  Born  in  Prince 
Edward  Co.,  Va.,  he  moved  to  South  Carolina,  with 
his  father.  Grimes  Holcombe,  in  early  life.  He 
was  a  captain  of  cavalry  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  while  in  command 
of  his  company,  was  hopefully  converted  to  God. 
He  began  at  once  to  proclaim  the  unsearchable 
riches  of  Christ,  making  his  first  address  on  horse- 
back, at  the  head  of  his  command.  He  soon  be- 
came distinguished  as  a  preacher,  and  met  with 
extraordinary  success  in  his  work.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Beaufort  and  other  places 
in  South  Carolina  until  1799,  when  he  was  invited 
to  Savannah  as  "  supply''  to  what  is  now  known  as 
the  Independent  Presbyterian  church  of  that  city, 
which  then  occupied  the  Bajitist  house  of  worship, 
having  leased  it  for  a  numljer  of  years.  In  Novem- 
ber of  1800  he,  with  his  wife  and  ten  others,  united 
in  organizing  and  constituting  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Savannah,  which  still  exists.  He  became 
the  pastor,  soon  gathered  a  large  congregation,  to 
which  he  ministered  until  1811,  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  Philadelphia.  As  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  he  preached  in  Philadelphia  until  his 
death,  in  1824. 

The  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  in 
early  life  by  Columbia  College,  S.  C,  and  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  which  meant  far  more 
then  than  it  does  now,  was  conferred  on  him  in 
1810  by  Brown  University,  R.  I. 

Dr.  Holcombe  never  took  any  part  in  politics, 
but  when  quite  a  young  man  he  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  in  South  Carolina  which  ratified 
and  adopted  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
Several  points  in  his  life  are  worthy  of  mention: 

1.  He  baptized  the  first  white  person  ever  im- 
mersed in  the  city  of  Savannah. 

2.  He  was  the  originator  of  the  penitentiary 
system  of  Georgia,  in  lieu  of  death,  for  ordinary 
crimes. 

.3.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Savannah  Female 
Orphan  Asyluiii.  and  wrote  its  constitution. 

4.  He  published  the  first  religious  periodical  in 
the  Southern  States,  and  one  among  the  first  in  the 
United  States, — a  magazine  called  the  Analytical 
Repository, — it  was  begun  in  May,  1802. 

5.  He  was  one  of  the  Baptist  ministers  who  met 
by  appointment  at  Powelton,  Ga.,  in  May,  1802, 
and  originated  the  "General  Committee,"  which 
was  the  germ  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention. 

d.  He  was  the  main  instrument  in  the  founda- 
tion of  Mount  Enon  Academy,  near  the   line  of 


HOLCOMliE 


53:2 


II  OLD  EN 


Burke  County, — -a  Baptist  institution  of  loariiing, 
unfortunately  located,  liut  which  jirospereJ  as  long 
as  Dr.  Ilolcoinbe  rosi<UHl  inGeorjria.  'I'liis  was  the 
first  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  South  estab- 
lislied  uniler  tlie  intluciu-e  of  Baptists,  and  it  was 
the  precursor  of  Murcer  University. 

Dr.  Ilolcombe  was  a  man  of  wide  information 
and  elegant  culture.  lie  was  a  great  reasoner, 
inighty  in  the  Scriptures,  and  a  born  orator.  Ilis 
boarins  was  dijrnifiod,  his  manners  graceful,  his 
presence  commanding,  and  he  had  great  personal 
magnetism.  In  its  softer  tones  his  voice  was  gen- 
tle and  persuasive ;  at  other  times  it  was  full  of 
power  and  majesty.  A  man  of  very  tender  feel- 
ings and  sympathetic  nature,  he  was,  indeed,  a 
"son  of  consolation"  to  the  poor,  the  widows,  and 
the  orphans,  many  of  whom  have  been  heard  to 
speak  with  tears  of  his  gentle  ministrations  a  whole 
generation  after  his  death.  lie  condescended  to 
men  of  low  estate,  was  a  friend  to  the  friendless 
and  the  outcast,  and  would  take  to  his  home  and  to 
his  bosom  those  who  were  spurned  by  society.  On 
the  very  day  when  a  man  was  put  to  death  on  the 
gallows  in  Savannah,  his  children  were  gathered 
together  at  Dr.  Ilolcombe's  house, — the  abode  of 
sympathy  and  love, — where  they  were  cared  for, 
comforted,  counseled,  and  cherished  with  more 
than  fatherly  tenderness. 

With  these  almost  womanly  qualities  Dr.  Ilol- 
combe's character  possessed  another  side.  He  was 
a  bold,  brave  man,  immovably  stern  when  occasion 
required,  and  at  times  imperial  if  not  imperious  in 
his  bearing,  and  these  qualities,  in  a  man  of  hercu- 
lean physique  and  of  immense  intellectual  and  moral 
momentum,  inspired  awe  and  even  fear  in  the 
minds  of  many.  lie  was  a  man  of  warm  impulses, 
and,  it  is  said,  "liberal  to  a  fault,"  lavishing  his 
means  with  an  almost  reckless  generosity.  Add  to 
all  this  wonderful  preaching  ability,  intense  zeal, 
and  enthusiasm  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  it  need 
excite  no  wonder  that  he  made  a  deep  impress  upon 
the  State,  and  that  his  presence  was  felt  as  that  of 
a  great  power.  lie  died  calmly,  in  jiossession  of 
all  his  mental  faculties,  and  fully  aware  of  his  ap- 
proaching end  ;  and  the  concourse  of  people  attend- 
ing his  funeral  was  such,  it  is  said,  as  was  never 
before  seen  in  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Ilolcombe  was 
si.\  feet  and  two  inches  in  height. 

Holcombe,  Rev.  Hosea,  a  native  of  North  Caro- 
lina, was  born  about  the  year  1V.*0.  For  some  years 
a  minister  in  upper  South  Carolina,  he  settled  in 
Jefferson  Co.,  Ala.,  early  in  the  history  of  the  State. 
Was  unquestionably  a  leader  in  projecting  the 
plans  of  the  early  Baptists  of  the  State,  taking  a 
bold  and  aggressive  part  in  everything  that  looked 
to  the  elevation  of  the  Baptist  cause,  or  to  the  prog- 
ress of  Baptist  principles.  Organized  nearly  all  the 
churches  for  many  miles  around  where  he  lived, 


and  established  them  on  a  sound  basis  ;  and  traveled 
and  preached  over  a  large  part  of  the  State;  went 
to  Associations  far  and  near,  and  was  universally 
regarded  as  able  to  guide  them  ;  was  si.x  years 
president  of  the  State  Convention  ;  more  than  any 
other  man  in  the  State  he  withstood  the  anti-mis- 
sionaries ;  was  in  the  strength  of  his  ministerial  in- 
fluence when  the  anti-missionaries  were  doing  their 
work  of  mischief  among  Alabama  Baptists.  He 
was  the  man  for  the  times,  and  performed  his  work 
well.  One  of  the  founders  of  our  State  Convention, 
and  a  most  earnest  advocate  for  the  establishment 
of  good  schools  by  the  denomination,  and  for  minis- 
terial education.  lie  was  an  able  minister  of  the 
New  Testament,  doctrinal  and  argumentative  in 
preaching,  clear  and  forcible  in  delivery,  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures,  a  noble  and  impressive  person, 
commanding  respect  and  veneration  everywhere ; 
though  not  so  great  a  man,  he  holds  a  position  in 
the  history  of  Alabama  Baptists  not  unlike  that 
of  Dr.  Mercer  among  the  brethren  of  Georgia.  He 
wrote  a  number  of  controversial  pamphlets,  com- 
piled a  hymn-book,  and  a  history  of  the  Baptists 
in  Alabama, — a  work  of  STS  pages,  which  brings 
its  history  down  to  the  year  1840.  He  passed  his 
ministry  as  pastor  of  a  number  of  churches,  and 
as  a  missionary  evangelist.  He  died  in  1841  at  his 
home,  and  was  buried  (m  his  farm,  near  Jonesbor- 
ough.     Two  of  his  sons  became  Baptist  ministers. 

Holcombe,  Rev.  William  H.,  a  minister  in 
Northeast  Mississippi,  distinguished  for  eloquence 
and  piety,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1812.  He  began 
to  preach  very  young ;  came  to  Mississippi  at  an 
early  day ;  successfully  filled  the  pastorate  at  Co- 
lumbus, Aberdeen,  Okalona,  and  at  Pontoloc  and 
Ripley.     He  died  in  18r,7. 

Holden,  Rev.  Charles  Horace,  of  Modesto, 
Cal.,  is  a  young  and  most  prominent  Baptist  pastor. 
He  was  born  in  West  Milford,  Va.,  Aug.  23,  1853 ; 
educated,  converted,  and  baptized  in  Webster,  W. 
Va. ;  removed  to  California;  ordained  in  July,  1879, 
and  became  pastor  at  Modesto,  where  the  baptisTu 
of  converts,  the  awakened  interest  in  the  gospel, 
and  other  tokens  of  divine  favor  give  great  promise 
of  increasing  usefulness  and  power  in  connection 
with  his  ministry. 

Holden,  Charles  N.,  was  born  at  Fort  Coving- 
ton, N.  Y.,  May  13,  ISlC,  of  parents  who  had  emi- 
grated to  that  place  from  New  Hampshire,  and 
were  among  the  earlier  settlers  of  Northern  New 
York.  His  father,  W.  C.  Holden,  an  energetic  and 
patriotic  man,  was  present  and  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg,  so  important  among  the 
battles  of  the  war  of  1812-15.  At  twenty  years 
of  age,  Charles  N.  Holden,  the  eldest  son,  having 
received  such  education  as  the  opportunities  of  a 
new  country  affonl. — though  these  were  well  im- 
proved,— engaged  in  teaching.    Deciding  at  length 


HOLDEN 


533 


HOLLINS 


to  try  his  fortunes  in  the  new  West,  Mr.  Ilolden, 
in  1837,  removed  to  Chicago.  After  a  little  time 
spent  upon  the  farm  of  his  uncle,  P.  II.  IlolUen, 
in  Will  County,  he  returned  to  Chicai;o  in  the  fall 
of  the  year  just  named,  and  in  the  spring  of  thfi 
following  year  began  business  as  a  lumber-dealer, 
afterwards  as  a  grocer.  In  1852,  retiring  from  the 
business  in  which  he  had  been  so  long  engaged,  he 
entered  that  of  insurance  and  real  estate  ;  was  one 
of  those  who  organized  the  Firemen's  Insurance 
Company,  holding  in  that  company  the  olBoe  of 
secretary;  subsequently  being  elected  treasurer  of 
the  Firemen's  Benevolent  Association,  in  which  ser- 
vice he  still  remains.  Mr.  Ilolden  has  been  called 
to  repeated  offices  of  trust, — as  alderman,  as  com- 
missioner of  taxes  for  the  city  of  Chicago,  as  city 
treasurer,  and  in  other  posts  of  important  pulilic 
service.  Converted  in  early  life,  Mr.  Ilolden  has 
been  during  many  years  a  valued  and  useful  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  denomination.  In  Chicago  his 
church  connection  has  been  with  what  is  now  the 
Second  church,  always  one  of  its  most  trusted  and 
efficient  members.  lie  was  also  during  many  years 
a  trustee  of  the  university,  and  was  one  of  those 
who  laid  the  foundations  of  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Chicago.  To  no  one  man  is  it  more  due 
that  the  financial  affairs  of  that  institution  have 
been  always  so  judiciously  guided,  while  his  own 
donations  to  its  funds  have  been  ready  and  liberal. 
Held  in  high  esteem  by  his  fellow-citizens  during 
his  whole  career,  he  has  especially  l)een  remark- 
able for  his  firm,  consistent,  and  useful  course  as  a 
Christian,  a  friend  of  reform,  and  a  worker  in  every 
good  cause. 

Holden,  Gov.  W.  W.,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  C,  in  November,  ISIS  ;  learned  the  printer's 
trade;  settled  in  Raleigh  in  183G  ;  was  foreman  of 
the  Raleigh  Star  office  four  years,  during  which 
time  he  read  law,  and  was  licensed  to  practise  1st 
January,  1841.  Became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the 
Standard  in  1843,  which  he  conducted  with  dis- 
tinguished ability  for  twenty-five  years.  lie  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  from  Wake 
County  in  1S4(3;  was  several  times  State  printer; 
was  for  seven  years  a  member  of  the  State  Literary 
Board ;  elected  a  trustee  of  the  State  University  in 
1850  ;  served  several  years  as  one  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  insane  asylum  and  the  institution 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb ;  was  a  member  from  Wake 
County  in  the  secession  convention  of  ISfil  ;  was 
provisional  governor  of  North  Carolina  for  seven 
months  in  1865,  having  been  appointed  by  President 
Johnson  ;  was  elected  governor  of  North  Carolina 
in  1868  by  a  large  majority,  and  served  two  years 
and  six  months,  when  he  was  impeached  by  the 
State  Legislature ;  was  offered  the  mission  to  San 
Salvador  by  President  Johnson,  and  that  to  Peru 
by  President  Grant,  both  of  which  he  declined. 


Gov.  Ilolden  professed  faith  in  Christ  in  De- 
cember, 1870,  at  a  meeting  held  by  Kev.  A.  B. 
Karle,  in  Raleigh,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  T.  II. 
I'ritchard,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  ehun'h  of 
that  city.  He  has  been  an  active  and  useful  church 
member,  and  has  a  Bible-class  of  young  men  in  the 
Sabbath-school,  which  numbers  40  members.  He 
has  been  the  postmaster  of  Raleigh  for  six  years. 

Hollins  Institute,  Botetourt  Springs,  Va. — 
Abuut  the  year  1S4I.  the  Rev.  Joshua  Bradly,  of 
New  York,  went  to  Virginia.  He  was  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  enthusiastic  on  the  subject  of  educa- 
tion. At  this  time  Botetourt  Springs,  now  the  seat 
of  Hollins  Institute,  was  for  sale,  and  Mr.  Bradly 
at  once  conceived  the  plan  of  purchasing  it  for 
school  purposes.  Without  a  dollar  in  his  possession 
he  contracted  lor  the  purchase  of  the  property,  re- 
lying upon  his  own  tact  and  energy  to  secure  the 
necessary  funds.  He  opened  a  school  for  boys  and 
girls  with  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  neiglibor- 
ing  districts  with  good  teachers.  There  was  a  large 
attendance  of  pupils,  but  financial  and  other  troubles 
soon  arising,  he  resigned  at  the  end  of  a  year  and 
left  the  State.  Before  his  departure  he  bad  formed 
an  organization  under  the  title  of  "  The  Valley 
Union  Education  Society  of  Virginia,"  which  after- 
wards procured  a  charter  as  a  joint-stock  company, 
and  continued  the  school.  The  Rev.  George  Pearcy, 
late  missionary  to  China,  and  now  deceased,  was 
elected  principal,  and  continued  such  for  several 
years  with  varying  success.  Mr.  Pearcy,  about  to 
leave  for  China,  urged  Mr.  Cocke  to  take  charge 
of  the  school,  which,  relinquishing  his  position  in 
Richmond  College,  he  consented  to  do  on  the  fol- 
lowing terms:  that  he  would  advance  a  sum  suffi- 
cient to  save  the  property  from  immediate  sale  ;  he 
should  be  both  principal  and  steward  of  the  school, 
becoming  responsible  for  all  salaries  of  teachers 
whom  he  might  employ ;  and  the  society  should 
furnish  premises  and  buildings,  but  should  be  sub- 
jected to  no  liabilities  whatever  beyond  the  cost 
and  repair  of  the  premises.  Mr.  Cocke  found  the 
grounds  and  everything  on  them  in  a  most  unat- 
tractive condition,  but  by  his  untiring  energy  they 
were  soon  made  to  pre.sent  a  beautiful  appearance. 
He  opened  the  school,  and  the  first  year  the  number 
of  pupils  was  small,  but  soon  there  was  not  room 
enough  for  all  the  applicants.  Finding  that  the 
education  of  young  men  and  young  women  to- 
gether, and  their  living  in  the  same  building,  wsis 
not  desirable,  Mr.  Cocke  advised  the  discontinuance 
of  one  class ;  and  as  there  was  no  chartered  school 
in  Virginia  for  young  ladies,  he  counseled  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  school  as  an  institute  of  high  grade 
for  that  sex,  and  in  1S52  the  change  took  place. 
The  session  of  lSo2-53  of  the  newly  organized 
school  for  girls  alone  opened  with  cheering  pros- 
pects.   Soon  the  rooms  of  the  institution  were  filled, 


HOLLIS 


534 


BOLUS 


and  so  great  wns  the  success,  and  so  marked  the 
interest  in  female  education  throuj;hoiit  the  South, 
that  there  speedily  rose  into  beiiii;  Hampton  Fe- 
male College,  Richmond  Female  Institute,  Albe- 
marle Female  Institute,  Warrenton  Female  Insti- 
tute, and  Danville  Female  College,  all  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Baptists,  and  a  like  number  started 
by  other  denominations.  In  the  year  1855,  Mr. 
.John  Ilollins,  of  Lynchburg,  Va.,  at  the  suggestion 
of  his  wife,  a  pious  Baptist  lady,  proposed  to  the 
company  that  if  they  would  relinquish  their  stock 
he  would  give  as  much  as  all  their  shares  aggre- 
gated, and  place  the  institution  in  the  hands  of  a 
self-perpetuating  board  of  trustees.  The  proposi- 
tion was  accepted,  and  the  amount  given  by  Mr. 
Ilollins  was  §uOlW,  which  in  a  few  years  was  sup- 
plemented by  a  public  subscription  amounting  to 
$1(1,000,  Mr.  Cocke  acting  as  agent  during  vacation, 
and  giving  his  services  gratuitously.  After  Mr. 
Ilollins's  death  his  widow  continued  her  donations, 
the  whole  amount  from  the  Ilollins  family  being 
about  S19,000.  With  this  assistance,  Prof.  Cocke 
managed  to  remove  all  the  old  buildings  of  the  in- 
stitute, which  at  this  time,  under  the  new  charter, 
assumed  the  name  of  "  Ilollins  Institute,"  and  as 
such  had  perpetual  succession.  Handsome  build- 
ings were  erected  adapted  to  the  wants  of  a  school 
for  young  ladies,  and  the  institution  placed  upon  a 
new  and  higher  career  of  usefulness.  The  exer- 
cises were  continued  throughout  the  long  and  weary 
years  of  the  war,  with  an  overtiowing  patronage, 
being  the  only  institution  in  the  State  that  pre- 
served its  organization  during  that  terrible  period 
of  conflict  and  blood.  Subsequent  to  the  war  the 
Virginia  patronage  diminished  in  consequence  of 
the  universal  financial  distress,  but  this  loss  was 
more  than  repaired  by  patronage  from  other  States. 
Prof.  Cocke's  accomplished  wife  and  daughters  have 
been  most  efficient  co-laborers  with  him  in  giving 
success  to  all  departments  of  the  institute,  and  they 
are  highly  appreciated  by  the  public.  The  course 
of  instruction  is  thorough  and  complete,  and  its 
certificates  and  diplomas  are  eagerly  sought  for. 
There  are  in  the  institute  seven  schools, — 1.  The 
English  Language  and  Literature  ;  2.  Ancient 
Languages  and  Literature;  3.  Modern  Languages 
and  Literature ;  4.  Mathematics ;  5.  Natural  Sci- 
ence; 6.  Mental  and  Moral  Science;  7.  History. 
These  .schools  constitute  the  collegiate  department, 
besides  which  there  is  a  normal  department  and 
an  ornamental  department.  The  faculty  embraces 
fourteen  experienced  instructors. 

Hollis  Family,  The. — Vice  is  often  hereditary, 
and  benevolence  frequently  descends  from  father 
to  son  ;  it  remained  in  the  Hollis  family  for  gener- 
ations, and  we  trust  that  it  flourishes  among  the 
descendants  of  such  worthy  forefathers  to-day. 

Thomas  Hollis  was  for  more  than  sixty  years  a 


member  of  the  church  in  Pinner'g  Hall,  London. 
He  was  a  man  of  unbounded  liberality  to  benevo- 
lent and  religious  enterprises.  Like  many  other 
per.sons  who  give  awaj'  great  sums,  he  systemat- 
ically subjected  his  personal  expenditures  to  the 
most  rigid  economy,  that  he  might  make  larger 
donations  to  cherished  objects.  He  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 1718. 

His  son  Thomas  was  baptized  in  IfiSO.  when  he 
was  twenty  years  of  age,  and  in  gifts  tii  sustain  and 
extend  education  and  religion  he  was  the  most  prom- 
inent man  of  his  day.  He  was  a  sagacious  and  suc- 
cessful merchant  of  London,  who  traded  and  toiled 
to  make  money  that  his  resources  might  assist  every 
noble  cause. 

He  sent  over  a  library  of  valuable  theological 
books  to  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association, 
which  for  many  years  was  exceedingly  useful  to 
our  fathers  in  the  ministry.  "The  A.ssembly's 
Annotations  on  the  Scriptures,"  a  commentary  in 
two'  folio  volumes,  now  in  possession  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Historical  Society,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  one  of  the  works  given  to  the  first  Baptist  As- 
sociation in  America.  It  bears  his  name,  evidently 
in  his  own  handwriting,  and  the  date  1721. 

Thomas  and  his  brother  John  gave  the  Baptist 
church  of  Boston,  Jhiss.,  .£135  for  repairing  their 
meeting-house.  Thomas  IloUis  founded  a  professor- 
ship of  Theology  in  Harvard  University,  with  a  sal- 
ary of  £80  per  annum,  and  an  "  exhibition"  of  £10 
each  per  annum  to  ten  scholars  of  good  character, 
four  of  whom  should  be  Baptists,  if  there  were  such 
persons  there,  and  £10  a  year  to  the  college  treas- 
urer for  his  trouble,  and  £10  more  to  supply  acci- 
dental losses  or  to  increase  the  number  of  students. 
According  to  the  charter,  at  the  time  Mr.  Hollis 
made  these  gifts  to  Harvard  the  ministers  of  Boston 
(Congregational)  were  part  of  the  overseers  of  the 
college,  and  when  Mr.  IloUis  proposed  the  Rev. 
Elisha  C'allender.  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
Boston,  as  a  fit  person  to  have  a  seat  in  the  board 
of  overseers,  Mr.  C'allender  was  refused  the  position, 
evidentlv  because  he  was  a  Baptist.  Isa.ic  Backus 
gives  this  statement  without  expressing  any  doubt 
of  its  correctness,  and  he  names  his  authority. 

Six  years  after  his  first  donation  he  founded  a 
profes-sorship  of  Mathematics  and  Experimental 
Philosophy  in  Harvard,  with  a  salary  of  £N0  a 
year,  and  he  gave  an  apparatus  for  the  professor 
which  cost  about  £150,  and  he  sent  books  for  the 
library.  Until  that  time,  no  man,  according  to 
Isaac  Backus,  who  examined  the  records,  had  been 
so  liberal  to  Harvard  as  this  eminent  Baptist.  Mr. 
Hollis  died  in  1731.  Prof.  Wigglesworth.  in  a  dis- 
course which  he  published  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Hollis,  says,  "  By  his  frequent  and  ample  benefac- 
tions, for  the  encouragement  of  theological  as  well 
as  human  knowledge  among  us,  who  are  Christians 


HOLLIS 


535 


HOLM  AX 


of  a  different  denomination  from  himself,  he  hath 
set  such  an  example  of  generous,  catholic,  and 
Christian  spirit  as  liath  never  before  fallen  within 
my  observation,  nor,  as  far  as  I  now  remember, 
within  my  reading."  We  had  no  college  in  Amer- 
ica at  this  period,  and  like  a  true  Baptist,  Mr. 
Ilollis  showed  himself  the  friend  of  light. 

The  donations  of  this  family  of  Baptists  continued 
to  enrich  Harvard  for  nearly  a  century,  and  ex- 
ceeded £6000.  If  the  money  was  jjrojjerly  in- 
vested, it  must  to-day  be  worth  many  times  more 
than  .?30.000. 

AVe  know  nothing  of  the  way  by  which  these 
funds  for  Baptist  students  have  been  appropriated; 
for  the  honor  of  old  Harvard  we  trust  that  the 
requisite  number  of  Baptist  students  have  regu- 
larly received  the  £10  per  annum  which  Mr.  HoUis 
left  them.  But  we  fear  if  the  godly  Calvinist, 
Thomas  Ilollis.  heard  the  divinity  taught  in  Har- 
vard now  he  would  bitterly  regret  his  well-meant 
generosity.  In  a  letter  to  Elder  Wheaton,  of 
Swanzey,  Thomas  HoUis  writes :  "  God,  that  hath 
shined  into  our  hearts  liy  his  gospel,  can  lead  your 
sleeping  Sabbatarians  from  the  Sinai  covenant  and 
the  law  of  ceremonies  into  the  light  of  the  new 
covenant  and  the  grace  thereof  I  pity  to  see  pro- 
fessors drawing  back  to  the  law,  and  desire  to  re- 
member that  nur  standing  is  by  grace." 

Hollis,  Rev.  J.  A.,  was  a  native  of  South  Caro- 
lina, but  of  English  parentage.  lie  was  born  in 
1824.  He  graduated  at  Georgetown  College,  and 
subsequently  entered  the  ministry  in  Mississippi. 
He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1844,  and  resided  in 
that  State  till  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1870.  He 
was  pastor  of  several  churches,  and  became  presi- 
dent of  Stephen  Female  College,  at  Columbia,  in 
1805,  and  held  the  office  till  his  decease.  He  was 
a  man  of  learning  and  ability,  of  eminent  piety  and 
noble  characteristics,  possessing  a  rare  talent  for 
the  instruction  of  the  young.  He  ended  a  labori- 
ous and  useful  life  without  a  stain  upon  his  memory. 
The  institution,  the  church,  and  the  community 
felt  his  loss  deeply.  Ilis  name  will  long  live  in 
the  hearts  of  thousands. 

Holman,  Deacon  James  Sanders,  a  prominent 
and  inAuential  Baptist,  died  in  Polk  Co.,  Oregon, 
Jan.  14,  1880.  He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  Nov. 
28,  1813;  he  moved  to  Oregon  in  1847.  He  was 
baptized  at  Turnedge,  Mo.,  at  sixteen,  and  was  for 
many  years  a  deacon  of  that  church.  He  was  the 
first  president  of  the  Oregon  Baptist  Education 
Society,  and  a  charter-member  of  McMinnville 
College.  He  was  sheriff  of  Polk  County  several 
terms,  and  served  two  years  in  the  Oregon  Legisla- 
ture. He  carried  his  religion  into  public  life,  was 
honored  by  all,  and  spoken  of  by  men  as  "  the 
peace-maker."  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  plant  the 
Baptist  banner  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  was  faith- 


ful to  God  and  his  country  until  death  called  him 
to  his  rest. 

Holman,  Judge  Jesse  L.,  was  born  in  Mercer 
Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  2:i,  I'l^i.  He  learned  his  letters 
while  very  young,  and  in  his  childhood  was  a  daily 
reader  of  the  Bible.  He  recollected  a  sermon  that 
he  heard  when  he  was  only  four  years  old.  He 
joined  the  Clear  Creek  Baptist  church  in  his  seven- 
teenth year.  After  completing  his  studies  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Xew  Castle,  and  afterwards 
practised  in  Frankfort.  He,  like  his  father,  was  an 
emancipationist,  and  he  decided  to  remove  north 
across  the  Ohio,  and  accordinglj,  in  1811,  he  passed 
over  the  river,  and  settled  on  a  romantic  bluff  that 
he  called  Verdestan,  and  this  was  his  home  for  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  When  he  removed  to  Verde- 
stan the  whole  country  was  a  wilderness,  and  In- 
dians were  roaming  everywhere.  At  the  time  of 
his  removal  to  Indiana  he  received  from  Gov.  Har- 
rison commissions  for  district  attorney  of  the  State 
for  the  counties  of  Dearborn  and  Jefferson.  In 
1814  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  was 
chosen  president  by  a  unanimous  vote.  Near  the 
close  of  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  the  pre- 
siding judge  of  the  district  in  which  he  lived,  and 
in  1816,  under  the  State  government,  he  was  ap- 
pointed presiding  judge  in  the  second  and  third 
districts,  and  in  the  same  year  w,is  chosen  one  of 
the  electors  of  the  President  and  Vice-President  of 
the  United  .States.  In  December,  1816,  he  was  ap- 
pointed judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
which  office  he  filled  with  great  acceptance  for  four- 
teen years.  In  1831  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  was  defeated  by  one  vote. 
In  1835  he  received  tljo  appointment  of  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  for  Indiana,  which  office  he 
filled  with  singular  ability  till  his  death.  He  was 
a  constituent  member  of  the  Laughery  church. 
He  also  aided  in  gathering  the  Aurora  church, 
and  was  a  liberal  giver  to  all  worthy  causes.  In 
1834  he  was  ordained,  and  thus  entered  upon  a 
work  that  his  soul  longed  to  engage  in.  So  unsul- 
lied was  his  public  as  well  as  his  private  life  that 
men  were  always  glad  to  hear  him  preach.  While 
traveling  the  judicial  circuit  it  was  no  unusual 
thing  for  him  to  address  his  fellow-citizens  on  Bible 
operations,  missions.  Sabbath-schools,  general  edu- 
cation, and  temperance.  So  consistent  and  earnest 
was  his  iife  that  there  seemed  no  incongruity,  but 
rather  a  singular  harmony  in  his  two  offices  of 
judge  and  minister.  He  was  a  leader  in  the  organ- 
ization of  a  Sabbath-school  association  in  his  own 
county.  He  took  particular  interest  in  the  distri- 
bution of  religious  books  and  tracts.  He  was  for 
many  years  vice-president  of  the  American  .'^unday- 
School  Union,  and  was  president  of  the  Western 
Baptist  Publication  and  Sunday-School  Society. 


HOLM  AN 


536 


HOLME 


Mr.  Ilolman  was  a  warm  and  consistent  friend 
of  missions.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said  tliat  in  that 
time,  when  the  gifts  to  missions  were  small  in  In- 
diana, a  circuit  of  churches,  of  which  Aurora  may 
he  said  to  be  the  centre,  was  the  headquarters  for 
missions.  During  the  agency  both  of  Dr.  Bennett 
and  Dr.  Stevens,  this  portion  of  the  State  was  al- 
ways represented  in  donations.  The  Ilolmans,  the 
Ferrises,  the  Ilinckleys,  the  Dows,  and  others  never 
refused  or  neglected  to  give.  Judge  Ilolman  was 
for  five  years  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Con- 
vention, lie  was  also  from  the  first  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  Baptist  Education  Society,  and  during 
several  years  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees. 
His  constitution  was  naturally  feeble,  and  an  attack 
of  pleurisy  caused  his  death,  March  28,  1842.  He 
knew  that  he  must  die,  and  expressed  perfect  con- 
fidence in  the  pardon  and  love  and  power  of  the 
Master. 

Holman,  Rev.  John  W.,  M.D.,  was  bom  in 
Canaan,  Me.,  in  180.T;  converted  in  1818;  studied 
at  Waterville;  ordained  in  1824  in  the  Christian 
denomination  ;  preached  in  Eastern  Maine,  New 
Brunswick,  Philadelphia,  and  Boston  ;  in  latter  city 
joined  the  Free-Will  Baptists,  and  preached  fifteen 
years ;  united  with  the  regular  Baptists  at  Mystic 
River,  Conn. ;  settled  with  First  B.aptist  church  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  and  with  various  churches  in  New 
York  and  Maine,  with  Franklin  church,  Jl.ass.,  and 
finally  with  Third  Baptist  church  in  North  Stoning- 
ton,  Conn.  ;  in  forty-nine  years  preached  over  5000 
sermons  and  organized  11  churches;  was  withal  a 
poet,  a  painter,  and  a  physician ;  a  man  of  rare 
talents  and  great  labor ;  left  some  interesting  poet- 
ical and  exegetical  papers ;  while  pastor  in  North 
Stonington  was  prostrated  J)y  sickness,  and  dicil 
May  IG,  1873,  aged  sixty-eight  years.  All  his  four 
sons  are  Baptist  ministers. 

Holman,  Russell,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Warwick, 
Mass.,  Aug.  14,  1812.  The  instruction  and  integ- 
rity of  his  parents  gave  him  those  virtues  which 
m.adt^  him  a  pure,  conscientious  man  in  after-life. 
He  graduated  at  Brown  University.  He  removed 
to  Kentucky  in  1839,  and  became  pastor  of  two 
churches  in  Green  County.  Weak  in  body,  he 
served  there  till  1842.  He  was  ordained  July  29, 
1840.  lie  performed  missionary  woi-k  in  addition 
to  his  pastoral  labor  in  these  two  churches. 

In  1.842  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  and  finding  no 
Baptist  church  there,  with  great  zeal,  and  against 
much  opposition,  he  established  what  is  now  called 
the  Coliseum  Baptist  church  of  New  Orleans.  In 
1845  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
department  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
His  skill  and  energy  made  the  board  efficient  in 
home  mission  work.  In  1851  he  retired  from  this 
office  from  ill  health,  and  left  the  work  in  the 
height  of  its  prosperity.     He  became  pastor  till 


1856,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  secretaryship,  and 
held  the  office  till  1862.  Ill  health  caused  him 
again  to  resign.  During  the  war  he  tenderly  min- 
istered to  the  sick  and  wounded,  and  preached  the 
gospel  to  them.  Afterwards  he  was  sent  to  collect 
the  scattered  flock  of  the  Coliseum  church  in  New 
Orleans.  He  succeeded  in  re-establishing  the 
church  six  months  after  beginning  his  efforts.  In 
1867  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  laljorcd  there  and  in 
Kentucky  and  Missouri  till  1876,  when  a  severe 
stroke  of  pur.alysis  put  an  end  to  his  active  toils. 
His  zeal  and  heart  kept  warm  for  the  cause,  and 
he  patiently  submitted  to  his  lot.  Says  Dr.  Wm. 
II.  Mcintosh,  "  As  a  preacher  Dr.  Ilolman  was  in- 
structive, sometimes  eloquent.  He  accepted  the 
doctrines  of  grace,  and  enforced  them  upon  the 
consciences  of  his  hearers.  His  life  was  in  con- 
stant conformity  to  the  rule  and  spirit  of  the  go.s- 
pel.  Ilis  lieart  was  tender  to  all.  In  his  family 
he  was  loving  and  true."  His  last  days  were  spent 
in  Miami  and  Marshall,  Mo.  On  Dec.  2,  1879,  he 
went  to  his  eternal  rest  after  a  few  hours  of  illness. 

Holman,  Judge  William  S.,  son  df  Hon.  J.  L. 
Holman,  was  born  in  Verdestan  (now  Aurora), 
Ind.,  Sept.  6,  1822.  He  had  the  advantages  of  the 
common  schools  and  a  partial  course  at  Franklin 
College.  Soon  after  he  left  college  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  in  1850.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  served  from  1852 
to  1856.  He  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con- 
gress, and  made  chairman  of  Revolutionary  Claims. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  and 
Thirty-eighth,  and  served  with  marked  ability. 
His  untiring  care  for  the  expenses  of  the  govern- 
ment has  given  Iiim  among  the  people  the  sobriquet 
"  watch-dog  of  the  treasury.''  He  was  elected 
again  to  the  Fortieth  Congress.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Aurora  Baptist  church.  He  occupies  the 
home  of  his  father, — a  beautiful  spot  on  one  of  the 
hills  on  the  Ohio  River.  No  man  has  been  so  uni- 
formly popular  in  his  district  as  Mr.  Ilolman. 

Holme,  Deacon  George  W.,  was  a  constituent 
member  of  the  Baptist  cliurch  at  Ilolmesburg,  and 
for  thirty  years  one  of  its  deacons.  After  a  life 
of  great  usefulness,  he  died  July  9,  1864,  in  his 
seventy-sixth  year,  in  the  house  in  which  he  was 
born. 

Holme,  Judge  John,  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  first  Baptist,  of  any  prominence  at  least, 
in  the  colony.  Mr.  Holme  appears  in  the  affairs 
of  the  colony  in  1685-86.  Whether  he  arrived  in 
the  country  at  this  time,  or  earlier,  is  uncertain. 

Mr.  Holme  is  said  to  have  been  a  native  of 
Somersetshire,  England,  on  what  authority  it  is 
not  known.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  been  a  rela- 
tive of  Thomas  Holme,  the  surveyor-general,  as 


HOLME 


537 


HOLME 


Thomas  Holme,  in  one  of  his  letters,  addresses 
liim  as  "  namesake"  merely.  John  Holme  brought 
with  him  to  this  country  four  sons, — John,  Samuel, 
Kljenezer,  and  Benjamin.  He  came  hither  by 
way  of  the  Barl>adoe.s,  where  he  resided  some  time, 
and  was  engaged  in  sugar-planting.  That  Mr. 
Holme  was  a  man  of  wealth  and  social  standing 
appears  from  many  circumstances.  It  was  he  who 
;:ave  one-half  of  the  lot  on  which  the  First  Baptist 
meeting-house  was  erected,  on  Second  Street  near 
Arch  Street.  His  name  appears  with  that  of  Gov. 
Markham,  and  two  or  three  men  of  prominence  in 
the  colony,  to  a  petition  to  the  council  to  put  the 
colony  in  a  state  of  defense  against  the  hostile  In- 
dians, who,  at  the  instigation  of  the  French,  were 
threatening  it  during  the  French  and  English  war. 
His  name  is  also  found  next  to  that  of  the  mayor 
of  the  city  as  signer  of  a  petition  relative  to  "  the 
cove  at  Blue  Anchor, — that  it  should  be  laid  out  for 
a  convenient  harbor,  to  secure  shipping  against  ice 
or  other  danger  of  the  winter,  and  that  no  person 
for  private  gains  or  interests  may  incommode  the 
public  utility  of  a  whole  city.'' 

John  Holme  was  appointed  justice  in  the  County 
Court  in  1690 ;  and  he  represented  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  in  the  Assembly  of  1692. 

lie  married  as  his  second  wife,  Mary,  the  widow 
of  Nicholas  More,  the  first  chief  justice  of  the 
colony,  and  president  of  the  "  Free  Society  of 
Traders  of  Pennsylvania."  Chief-Justice  More 
was  a  man  of  great  legal  acquirements  and  general 
learning.  The  closest  friendship  existed  between 
him  and  John  Holme.  At  the  death  of  Judge 
More,  Mr.  Holme  was  made  the  executor  of  his 
estate  and  the  guardian  of  his  children.  There  is 
reason  to  believe  that  they  had  been  acf[uainted 
before  they  came  to  this  country,  and  if  so,  it  would 
seem  that  they  both  came  from  Bristol. 

That  John  Holme  was  himself  a  man  of  more 
than  ordinary  culture  appears  from  his  library, 
which  for  an  emigrant  at  that  time  was  certainly 
remarkably  large  and  well  selected.  It  must  have 
contained  several  hundred  volumes.  In  his  will 
John  Holme  bequeaths  to  his  eldest  son,  John, 
several  large  folios, — Wilson's  "  Christian  Diction- 
ary," Ilaak's  "  Dutch  Annotations,"  and  New- 
man's "  Concordance."  Besides  these,  there  are  still 
in  possession  of  his  descendants  many  books  of 
great  value  that  he  owned,  among  which  are  Bax- 
ters "  Theology,"  Bunyan's  works,  a  Baptist  Con- 
fession of  Faith  (London.  16.52),  and  the  writings  of 
many  stalwart  old  Baptist  worthies,  such  as  •'  The 
Pulpit  Guard  Routed,  by  Thomas  Collier,  London, 
1652;"  "  The  Foundations  of  the  Font  Discovered, 
by  Henry  Ilaggar,  London,  1653  ;"  "  The  Storm- 
ing of  Antichrist  in  his  Strongest  Garrisons,  Com- 
pulsion of  Conscience  and  Infant  Baptism,  by 
Ch.  Blackwood.  Printed  Anno  1644.  Being  one 
35 


of  those  years  wherein  Antichrist  threatened  the 
storming  of  the  churches ;"  "An  Appeal  for  the 
Use  of  the  Gospel  Ordinances,  by  IIenr3-  Lawrence, 
Esq.,"  and  the  more  generally  known  works  of 
Ilanserd  Knollys  and  Benjamin  Kcath.  Together 
with  these  are  some  controversial  works  of  a  more 
general  character,  such  as  "  The  Three  Confor- 
mities, or  the  Harmony  and  Agreement  of  the 
Romish  Church  with  Gentileism,  Judaism,  and  the 
Ancient  Heresies,  by  Francis  I)e  Croy  G.  Arth, 
London,  1620  ;"'  "A  Large  Examination  t.aken  at 
Lambeth,  according  to  His  Maiesties  direction, 
taken  point  by  point  of  M.  George  Blakwell, 
made  Archbishop  of  England  by  Pope  Clement  8, 
&c.  Imprinted  at  London  by  Robert  Barker, 
Printer  to  the  Kings  Most  Excellent  Maiestie, 
1007  :  '  '■  Triplicinodo,  triplix  cuneus,  or  an 
Apologie  for  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,  &c.  Im- 
printed at  London  by  Robert  Barker,  Printer  to 
the  Kings  Most  Excellent  Maiestie,  1609."  This 
book  is  supposed  to  have  been  written  by  King 
James  himself.  Among  the  general  philosophical 
works  in  Mr.  Holme's  library  are  Bacon's  '"  Es- 
says,' and  among  the  devotional  are  works  of 
Thomas  Brooks,  Thomas  Vincent,  and  Thos.  Doo- 
kitol,  and  others.  But  what  is  still  more  remark- 
able is  that  a  copy  of  Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost"  is 
found  among  the  books  that  belonged  to  him.  Cn- 
foitunately  the  title-page  of  this  book  is  gone,  but 
it  is  undoubtedly  among  the  earliest  editions  of  the 
poems. 

If  the  character  of  John  Holme  may  be  judged 
of  from  his  books,  he  was  a  man  of  very  much  more 
than  ordinary  culture,  for  in  the  library  of  very  few 
emigrants,  in  the  seventeenth  century  certainly,  were 
found  the  works  of  Lord  Bacon,  Baxter,  Bunyan, 
and  Milton.  The  writings  of  the  last  two  mentioned 
were  at  that  time  scarcely  known  over  half  of  Eng- 
land. No  Macaul.iy  had  yet  appeared  to  set  forth 
their  merits.  'NVe  have  from  the  pen  of  John 
Holme  himself,  in  verse,  a  manuscript  of  some  20 
pages  (published  in  184!S,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania,  vol.  i.  No.  13),  en- 
titled "  True  Relation  of  the  Flourishing  State  of 
Pennsylvania."*  This  is  probably  the  first  metrical 
composition  written  in  the  State,  and  though  worth 
little  ns  poetry,  it  is  valuable  historically,  as  one 
of  the  earliest  and  most  extended  and  accurate  ac- 
counts of  the  condition  of  the  colony  ;  and  as  in  it 
he  avows  himself  a  Baptist,  it  is  a  creditable  testi- 
mony of  an  impartial  witness  to  the  general  good 
government  of  the  Quakers,  and  shows  great  fore- 
sight of  the  natural  resources  and  coming  greatness 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

But  the  incident  which  has  given  most  interest 

*  The  original  manuscript  of  this  work  Is  lo6t.  It  was  loaned 
by  the  family  at  HolmcsburR  to  a  gentleman  for  exhitfition  to 
the  Pennsylrauiii  Historical  Society,  and  has  neTer  been  ntnmed. 


HOLME 


538 


HOLMES 


and  historic  iiiipDrtiince  to  John  Holme  is  tliat  lie 
was  one  of  the  jiidf^es  that  prosideil  at  the  trials  of 
George  Keith,  William  Bradford,  and  others,  which 
may  be  considered  the  causes  ciltbre  of  the  ad- 
ministration of  William  Penn,  and  so  serious  in 
their  consequences  to  Penn  in  England  and  here,  as 
to  occasion  for  a  time  the  loss  of  the  governorship 
to  the  proprietary.  Of  the  eight  judges  that  sat 
upon  tlie  liencli  at  those  trials,  six  were  Quakers, 
Lacey  Cook,  a  Lutheran,  and  John  Holme,  a  Bap- 
tist. George  Keith,  who  was  a  man  of  great  ability, 
and  previous  standing  and  influence  among  the 
Quakers,  was  charged  with  defaming  the  character 
of  Thomas  Lloyd,  the  president  of  the  council,  in 
phrases,  such  as  calling  him  an  "  impudent  rascal," 
and  saying  "  that  his  memory  would  stink,"  etc., 
of  tending  to  encourage  sedition  and  breach  of  the 
peace  by  his  comments  on  the  arrest  of  Babbit,  a 
pirate,  and  also  of  aiming  a  blow  at  the  proprie- 
tary's government.  Judge  Holme  dissented  from 
the  majority  of  the  bench  on  these  charges,  and 
boldly  expressed  his  views,  and  was  tacitly  sus- 
tained in  them  by  .Judge  Cock.  Mr.  Holme  main- 
tained that  the  whole  affair  was  essentially  a  re- 
ligious dispute,  pertaining  to  matters  of  doctrine 
and  practice  among  the  Quakers,  and  was  not  fit  to 
be  adjudicated  by  a  civil  tribunal ;  that  the  arraign- 
ment was  in  effect  a  religious  persecution,  and 
without  justification  in  a  colony  that  proclaimed 
religious  liberty.  He  especially  maintained  that 
the  exceptions  of  Keith  to  the  jury,  as  prejudiced 
and  not  impartial,  ought  to  be  admitted.  But  in 
this  also  he  was  overruled  by  the  majority  of  the 
bench.  In  the  trial  of  William  Bradford  he  was 
again  a  dissentient.  5Ir.  Bradford  was  the  first 
printer  in  the  colony,  and  was  arraigned  for  unlaw- 
fully printing  the  appeals  and  attacks  of  George 
Keith  upon  the  Quakers.  And  a  tailor  was  also  put 
on  trial  for  posting  one  of  Mr.  Keith's  protests  in 
his  shop.  In  all  these  matters  Judge  Holme  per- 
sistently dissented  from  the  majority  of  the  bench, 
and  it  is  said  actually  resigned  his  office  rather 
than  seem  to  be  made  a  party  in  any  degree  to  what 
he  regarded  a  case  of  religious  persecution,  and  of 
the  infringement  of  the  liberty  of  the  press. 

It  is  flattering  to  our  denominational  pride,  that 
if  you  meet  a  Baptist  you  will  find  a  friend  both  of 
religious  liberty  and  the  freedom  of  the  press.  It 
is  not  too  much  to  say  that  in  the  person  of  Judge 
Ilolme,  who  stands  as  both  the  pioneer  and  the 
representative  of  the  Baptists  in  this  country, 
south  of  Rhode  Island,  is  found  a  man  of  the 
broadest  views,  of  a  far-sighted  state  policy,  of 
courage  and  patriotism  and  piety,  a  champion  of 
religious  liberty,  even  against  the  encroachments 
of  the  Quakers  themselves,  and  the  first  fearless 
advocate  of  the  freedom  of  the  press,  in  his  defense 
of  William  Bradford,  the  first  printer  of  the  colony. 


Judge  Holme  removed  in  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  to  Salem,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  again  made  a 
judge,  which  oflice  he  retained  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  1703.  He  was  one  of  the  constituent 
members  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Saloui,  and  often 
exercised  his  gifts  in  religious  meetings,  but  was 
at  no  time  a  minister.  Many  of  the  descendants 
of  Benjamin  Holme,  his  youngest  son,  still  reside 
at  Salem  and  in  the  vicinity. 

His  eldest  son,  John  Ilolme,  settled  at  Penny- 
pack  Mill,  and  his  lineal  descendants  live  in  the 
very  same  town  to  this  day.  Every  one,  in  line, 
having  adhered  strictly  to  the  religious  faith  prac- 
tised by  their  great  Baptist  progenitor. 

Holme,  John  Stanford,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Ilolmesburg,  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia, March  4,  1S22.  His  ancestors  came  to  Amer- 
ica from  England  in  1683,  and  purchased  lands 
from  William  Penn.  John  Holme  was  a  magistrate 
under  Penn,  but  resigned  by  reason  of  what  he 
deemed  the  intolerance  of  his  Quaker  associates. 
An  ancestor  named  Rev.  Abel  Morgan  was  one  of 
the  earlier  writers  in  defense  of  Baptist  doctrines 
in  the  colonies,  as  appears  by  a  volume  which  was 
published  by  Benjamin  Franklin  in  1747. 

He  prepared  for  college  at  New  Hampton,  N.  H. 
lie  studied  law  in  Philadelphia,  but  desiring  to 
enter  the  ministry  ho  graduated  at  Madison 
University  in  1850,  and  was  first  settled  over  the 
Baptist  church  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  Four  years 
afterwards  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Pierpont  Street 
Baptist  church,  Brooklyn,  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant churches  in  the  denomination.  He  labored 
there  ton  years  with  mai-ked  success.  lie  then  de- 
voted two  years  to  literary  pursuits.  Afterwards 
he  organized  the  Trinity  Baptist  church,  corner  of 
Third  Avenue  and  Fifty-second  Street. 

Of  his  ancestors  above  mentioned,  John  Ilolme 
was  the  first  Baptist  of  Philadelphia.  Abel  Morgan 
was  from  Wales,  a  talented  minister,  highly  edu- 
cated. He  was  the  author  of  the  first  Welsh  con- 
cordance ever  printed. 

Dr.  Ilolme  has  a  large  library  of  choice  and  rare 
books,  and  is  an  enthusiastic  student  of  history  and 
of  sacred  learning. 

While  pastor  of  Pierpont  Street,  he  adapted  the 
Plymouth  collection  of  hymns  for  the  use  of  Bap- 
tist churches,  which  had  a  wide  circulation.  He 
also  compiled  a  work  entitled  "  Light  at  Evening 
Time,"  published  by  the  Harpers.  It  is  a  collection 
of  rare  spiritual  gems  for  the  comfort  of  aged 
Christians.  So  great  is  the  demand  for  it  that 
already  eight  editions  of  it  have  been  printed.  He 
has  recently  organized  the  River-Side  Baptist 
church,  on  the  corner  of  Eightj'-sixth  Street  and 
the  Boulevard,  in  New  York,  of  which  he  is  pastor, 
and  it  gives  promise  of  being  a  strong  church. 

Holmes,  Rev.  Obadiah,  was  born  at  Preston, 


HOLMES 


539 


HOLMES 


Lancashire,  England,  about  1606,  and  came  to  this 
country,  as  is  supposed,  about  1639.  His  religious 
connections  were  witli  the  Congregationalists.  At 
first,  in  Salem,  Mass.,  from  which  he  removed  to  Re- 
hoboth,  where  for  eleven  years  more  he  continued 
in  the  church  of  his  early  choice.  He  tliere  became 
a  Baptist,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Xewport,  U.  I.  In  the  montli  of  July,  16.51,  in 
company  with  Dr.  John  Clarke  and  Mr.  Crandall, 
lie  made  a  visit  to  AVilliam  Witter,  a  Baptist,  who 
resided  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  about  twelve  miles  from 
Boston.  The  day  after  their  arrival  being  the  Sab- 
bath, they  arranged  to  liave  a  religious  service  at 
the  house  of  their  liost.  In  the  midst  of  the  dis- 
course which  Dr.  Clarke  was  preaching  two  con- 
stables presented  to  him  the  following  warrant : 
"  By  virtue  hereof,  you  are  required  to  go  to  the 
house  of  William  AVitter,  and  to  search  from  house 
to  house  for  certain  erroneous  persons,  being 
strangers,  and  tliem  to  apprehend,  and  in  safe  cus- 
tody to  keep,  and  to-morrow  morning  at  eight 
o'clock  to  bring  before  me.  Robert  Bridges."  The 
three  '"  erroneous  persons,  being  strangers,"  were 
at  once  arrested  and  carried,  first  to  "  the  ale-house 
or  ordinar)-,"  and  then  forced  to  attend  the  meet- 
ing of  the  day.  At  the  close  of  the  meeting  they 
were  carried  back  to  tlie  "'  ordinary."  The  next 
morning  they  were  taken  before  Mr.  Bridges, 
■who  made  out  their  mittimus,  and  sent  them  to 
prison  at  Boston.  Having  remained  a  fortnight 
there,  they  were  brought  before  the  Court  of  As- 
sistants for  trial,  which  sentenced  Dr.  Clarke  to 
pay  a  fine  of  twenty  pounds,  Mr.  Holmes  thirty 
pounds,  and  Mr.  Crandall  five  pounds,  and  in  de- 
fault of  payment  they  were  to  be  publicly  whipped. 
Unknown  to  Mr.  Clarke  some  one  paid  his  fine, 
and  Mr.  Crandall  was  released  on  promise  that 
be  would  appear  at  the  next  court.  Mr.  Holmes 
was  kept  in  prison  until  September,  when,  his 
fine  not  having  been  paid,  he  was  brought  out 
and  publicly  whipped.  Mr.  Holmes  says,  "  As 
the  strokes  fell  upon  me  I  had  such  a  spiritual 
manifestation  of  God's  presence  as  the  like  thereof 
1  never  had  nor  felt,  nor  can  with  fleshly  tongue 
express;  and  the  outward  pain  was  so  removed 
from  me  that  indeed  I  am  not  able  to  declare  it  to 
you  ;  it  was  so  easy  to  me  that  I  could  well  bear  it, 
yea,  and  in  a  manner  felt  it  not,  although  it  was 
grievous,  as  the  spectators  said,  the  man  striking 
with  all  his  strength  (yea,  spitting  in  his  hand  three 
times,  as  many  affirmed)  with  a  three-corded  whip, 
giving  me  therewith  thirty  strokes." — (Backus,  i. 
194.  Newton.)  Such  was  the  charity  of  Xew  England 
Congregationalists  of  thatday.  Gov.  Joseph  Jenks 
has  left  on  record  the  following :  '"  Mr.  Holmes  was 
whipped  thirty  stripes,  and  in  such  an  unmerciful 
manner  that  in  many  days,  if  not  some  weeks,  he 
could  take  no  rest,  but  as  he  lay  upon  his  knees  and 


elbows,  not  being  able  to  suffer  any  part  of  his  body 
to  touch  the  bed  whereon  be  lay." 

Mr.  Holmes  soon  after  removed  to  Newport.  In 
1652  he  was  ordained  to  preach  the  gospel,  and 
took  Dr.  Clarke's  place  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Newport.  He  died  in  1682.  He  left 
eight  children,  one  of  whom,  Obadiah,  was  a  judge 
in  New  Jersey. 

Holmes,  Rev.  0.  A.,  was  born  in  New  Wood- 
stock, Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1825;  joined  the 
Baptist  church  in  his  native  town  when  sixteen 
years  of  age.  He  was  ordained  pastor  in  La  Fay- 
ette, 0.,  when  twenty-three.  Five  years  after  his 
ordination  he  came  to  Iowa,  and  has  labored  in  the 
State  as  pastor  for  twenty-seven  years, — at  Maquo- 
keta,  Webster  City,  Marshalltown,  and  Tama  City. 
While  at  Webster  City,  which  was  entirely  a  new 
field,  he  also  organized  a  church  at  Boonsborough 
and  one  at  Iowa  Falls,  supplying  them  until  they 
became  strong  enough  to  secure  pastors.  His  labors 
were  extended  through  a  wide  range  of  country, 
and  the  results  were  marked  and  lasting.  Mr. 
Holmes  has  given  to  the  Baptist  cause  and  to 
every  good  work  in  Iowa  many  years  of  efficient 
service.  While  faithful  in  his  own  field  as  pastor 
and  preacher,  he  has  contributed  largely,  by  earnest 
labor,  hearty  co-operation,  and  wise  counsel,  to  all 
the  good  results  which  have  been  accomplished  by 
the  Iowa  Baptists  in  their  general  work. 

Holmes,  "Willet,  was  born  May  14,  1807,  in 


WILLET    HOLMES. 


Shelby  Co..  Ky. :  was  converted  in  1S47,  baptized 
by  H.  L.  Graves,  and  has  been  a  deacon  ever  since ; 


nO.VE  MISSION 


540 


HOME  MISSION 


was  one  of  the  thi-ee  huudred  colonists  who,  under 
Moses  Austin's  grant  from  Mexico,  settled  the 
province  of  Texas ;  was  twice  a  member  of  the 
Congress  of  the  republic  of  Texas,  twice  a  magis- 
trate, once  a  county  commissioner,  postmaster 
under  the  repul)lio,  and  postmaster  under  Abra- 
ham Lincoln.  Ilis  time,  his  talents,  and  his  money 
have  always  been  freely  given  to  the  church,  the 
i-ause  of  missions,  and  as  a  trustee  to  Baylor  Uni- 
versity. 

Home  Mission  Society,  The  American  Bap- 
tist, and  other  Home  Missions.— In  the  early 
history  of  the  Baptists  in  this  country  most  of  our 
pastors  were  home  missionaries.  It  was  a  common 
custom  for  the  settled  shepherd  of  one  flock  to  make 
a  tour  tlirougli  several  counties  in  his  own  colony 
or  State,  or  through  other  colonies  or  States,  preach- 
ing the  gospel  almost  every  night  in  barns,  private 
houses,  school-rooms,  or  public  halls.  Mouths  were 
spent  frequently  in  this  apostolic  occupation.  And 
many  churches  were  founded  and  hosts  of  souls 
converted  by  these  gratuitous  labors  of  our  saintly 
fathers  in  the  faith.  All  the  original  colonies  were 
frequently  traversed  by  this  almost  extinct  order 
of  heaven-blessed  home  missionaries.  Churches 
and  Associations  often  rendered  assistance  in  this 
form  of  home  mission  service.  And  nowliore  on 
earth  in  any  period  of  Christian  history  has  .Jesus 
had  nobler  missionaries  among  their  countrymen, 
or  grander  results,  than  those  furnished  by  tlie  Bap- 
tist pioneers  of  the  maritime  provinces  of  Canada 
and  of  the  country  now  called  the  United  States. 

In  the  year  1800  the  Boston  Female  Society  for 
Missionary  Purposes  was  formed.  It  had  at  first 
only  fourteen  members,  and  of  these  some  were 
Baptists  and  some  Congregatlonallsts.  In  its  first 
year  it  raised  S1.50  for  home  missions.  This  is  said 
to  have  been  the  first  society  established  in  this 
country  of  a  purely  missionary  character.  It 
should  not  be  forgotten  when  we  award  honors  to 
the  benefactors  of  their  race,  that  women  formed 
the  first  distinctively  missionary  organization  in 
America. 

Two  years  later  the  Massachusetts  Domestic  Mis- 
sionary Society  was  founded.  Among  its  first  oflicers 
were  Dr.  Thomas  Baldwin,  Dr.  Daniel  Sharp,  and 
Ileman  Lincoln.  Its  field  included  Massachusetts, 
]Malne,  Western  and  Southern  New  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, Virginia,  Missouri,  Ohio,  and  Lower 
Canada.  Among  the  numerous  missionaries  of 
tills  society  were  John  M.  Peck,  James  E.  'Welcli, 
and  Nathaniel  Kendriok. 

In  1807  the  Lake  Missionary  Society  was  organ- 
ized in  Pompey,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.  Its  proposed 
field  was  the  region  of  country  adjacent  to  the  lakes. 
Ashbel  Ilosmer  was  its  first  president  and  Elisha 
Payne  its  secretary.  Among  its  early  missionaries 
were  John  Peck  and  Alfred  Bennett, — men  whose 


names  are  still  held  in  reverence  for  the  divine 
power  that  attended  their  ministrations. 

In  1822  the  Baptist  Missionary  Convention  of  the 
State  of  Xew  York  was  formed,  and  in  1S25  the 
two  New  York  organizations  united,  and  in  a  few 
years  the  society  luid  an  Income  of  §17,000,  and 
missionaries  in  the  Middle  States,  in  some  of  the 
Western  States,  and  in  Canada. 

Tlie  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  was 
formed  in  New  York,  April  27,  1832.  Iloman 
Lincoln  was  its  first  president,  .Jonatlian  (ioing  its 
corresponding  secretary,  AVIlliam  K.  Williams  its 
recording  secretary,  and  William  Colgate  its  treas- 
urer. Men  mighty  with  Ood  established  one  of 
the  greatest  agencies  to  spread  the  gospel  that  ever 
blessed  any  land.  The  Home  Mission  Society  in 
1880  had  285  missionaries  and  teachers,  and,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Morehouse,  Its  secretary,  an  income 
of  $213,821  ;  and  deducting  $48,369.70  for  loans 
repaid  to  the  church  edifice  and  trust  funds,  its  re- 
maining receipts  from  other  sources  were  $165,- 
452.11.  Its  missionaries  during  that  year  baptized 
1160  persons,  founded  07  churches,  and  organized 
32  Sunday-schools.  From  its  report  in  1880  we 
learn  that  since  its  fornuition  the  society  has  com- 
missioned 8301  missionaries  and  teachers,  formed 
2704  churches,  and  through  its  agents  baptized 
84,077  disciples.  Many  of  the  largest  cliurches  in 
the  great  cities  of  the  West  are  the  fruits  of  its 
wise  eiforts. 

The  church  edifice  fund,  now  amounting  to 
$255,679,  in  1880  was  aiding  by  loans  213 
churches  in  34  States  and  Territories.  The  Home 
Mission  Society  in  1880  had  eight  institutions  for 
the  education  of  colored  teachers  and  ministers. 
The  Richmond  Institute,  located  at  Richmond,  Va., 
has  5  instructors,  92  students,  61  of  wliom  are  can- 
didates for  the  ministry,  and  a  property  valued  in 
1871  at  $30,000  at  least.  Wayland  Seminary, 
located  at  Washington,  D.  C,  has  7  Instructors,  92 
students,  36  young  men  preparing  for  the  ministry, 
and  a  property  worth  $40,000.  The  Benedict  Insti- 
tute, located  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  has  6  instructors, 
150  students,  50  of  whom  intend  to  preach  the 
gospel,  and  a  pi'operty  valued  at  $43,700,  with  an 
endowment  of  $18,700.  The  Na.shville  Institute, 
of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  has  8  instructors,  231  students, 
55  of  whom  are  preparing  for  the  ministry,  and  a 
property  worth  $80,000.  Sluiw  University,  of 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  has  15  instructors,  277  students, 
59  of  whom  intend  to  preach,  and  a  property  worth 
$125,000,  with  an  endowment  of  $1000.  The  At- 
lanta Baptist  Seminary,  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  has  4  in- 
structors, 100  students,  60  of  whom  are  candidates 
for  the  pulpit,  and  a  property  worth  $12,000.  Leiand 
University,  at  New  Orleans,  has  5  instructors,  148 
students,  41  of  whom  expect  to  enter  the  ministry, 
and  a  property  worth  .$85,000,  with  an  endowment 


HOME  MISSION 


541 


HOME  MISSION 


of  §10,000.  The  Natchez  Seminary,  of  Natchez, 
Miss.,  has  a  property  worth  S1.'),000;  4  instructors 
and  120  students,  .'U  of  whom  are  studyinj:  for  the 
ministry.  The  Home  Mission  Society  in  these 
eight  institutions  has  property  worth  §430,700, 
and  endowments  amounting  to  $38,700;  54  teachers 
hibor  in  them,  1572  young  men  and  women  pursue 
their  studies  in  tliem,  of  wlioni  393  are  qualifying 
themselves  to  preach  Jesus.  In  these  colored  col- 
leges the  society  is  working  gloriously  for  the  sal- 
vation and  education  of  our  African  millions.  In 
the  records  of  organized  missionary  effort  few  soci- 
eties can  show  such  a  blessed  series  of  successes 
and  80  grand  a  list  of  instrumentalities. 

But  we  have  other  home  missionary  organiza- 
tions. The  American  Baplist  Publicatiun  Socidtj 
in  1880  had  35  colporteur  and  28  Sunday-school 
missionaries,  with  an  income  for  all  benevolent 
purposes  of  §08,321.  The  Home  Mission  Board  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  liad  34  mission- 
aries and  an  income  of  §20.624.  The  Home/i* 
and  the  Women^s  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Societies  had  21  missionaries.  From  the  "  Year- 
Book,"  and  from  direct  communications  with 
brethren  in  various  States,  after  making  allowance 
for  the  union  between  the  Home  Mission  Society 
and  State  organizations  in  the  West,  and  for  a  sim- 
ilar connection  between  the  Home  Mission  Board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  and  kindred 
institutions  in  the  South,  we  learn  that  the  number 
of  men  receiving  aid  from  State  organizations  to 
assist  them  in  preaching  the  gospel  in  the  United 
States  is  at  least  766,  and  that  the  income  of  these 
State  societies  is  §1.50,1'.'0.  Many  Baptist  Associ- 
ations and  individual  churches  support  additional 
missionaries. 

This  would  give  us  a  grand  total  of  1169  mis- 
sionaries and  teachers  (missionary  teachers  in  col- 
or^ seminaries  in  the  South),  sustained  by  national 
!ind  State  organizations  at  an  annual  expense  of 
§413,619. 

Dr.  G.  W.  Anderson,  of  Pliiladclphia,  in  a  care- 
fully prepared  pamphlet,  states  that  during  the  last 
fifty  years  (down  to  1876),  "  nearly  six  millions  of 
dollars  had  been  raised  by  the  Baptists  of  the  United 
States  for  home  mission  work.''  The  five  years 
that  have  elapsed  since  would  .idd  more  than  two 
millions  to  that  amount.  For  this  liberality,  and 
for  the  thousands  of  churches  that  have  sprung 
from  it,  and  from  God's  blessing  upon  it,  millions 
of  souls  will  praise  Christ  throughout  all  eternity. 
See  articles  on  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
American  Baptist  Pihi.ication  Society,  and  the 
v.arious  8t:iti'  I  'onventinns  amlGencral  Associations. 

Home  Mission  Societies,  The  Women's.— 

The  organization  and  success  of  the  Women's  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Societies  for  heathen  lands  drew  the 
attention  of  Baptist  ladies  to  the  advantages  to  be 


secured  by  a  similar  agency  for  the  necessities  of 
the  home  field.  The  appeals  of  the  devoted  Miss 
J.  P.  Moore,  in  New  Orleans,  for  help  in  prosecu- 
ting her  mission  among  the  colored  people,  and 
similar  calls  from  other  sections,  together  with  the 
very  able  advocacy  of  the  evangelization  of  the 
heathen  Indians  by  Major  G.  W.  Ingalls,  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  "Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,''  which  took  place  Feb.  I,  1X77.  Subse- 
quently the  Women's  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society  was  organized  in  Boston. 

At  first  the  Chicago  Society  adopted  a  constitu- 
tion which  placed  it  in  close  relations  with  the 
great  Home  Mission  Society  of  the  Northern  B.ap- 
tists,  but  six  months  later  the  constitution  was 
changed  and  the  in>titution  became  independent, 
with  the  avowed  purpose  of  being  a  vigorous  ally 
to  the  old  society  in  its  vast  field,  and  of  carrying 
on,  according  to  its  ability,  the  general  home  mis- 
sion work. 

The  distinctive  aim  of  the  society  is  to  perform 
women's  work,  through  its  missionaries,  for  women 
and  children  in  the  degraded  homes  of  our  country, 
especially  among  the  colored  people,  tlie  Indians, 
and  the  teeming  foreign  population  of  the  West. 
"The  (missionary)  women  visit  from  house  to  house, 
reading  the  Bible  and  familiarly  teaching  its  truths 
to  all  who  will  listen."'  "They  organize  Sunday- 
schools,  training  the  teachers  for  their  work  in 
teachers'  meetings  and  Bible  readings."  They 
give  lessons  in  cleanliness,  industry,  temperance, 
and  purity. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  New  York,  Jan.  14,  1880, 
to  secure  union  in  labors  between  the  Chicago  and 
the  Boston  societies,  it  was 

"  Resolved,  That  the  two  societies  should  retain 
their  separate  existence ;  that  the  society  located 
at  Boston  shall  have  New  England  for  its  territory, 
and  that  each  society  shall  prosecute  the  work  em- 
braced in  its  constitution  ;  that  the  missionaries 
appointed  by  the  society  located  at  Boston  shall  be 
commissioned  by  the  society  at  Chicago  and  their 
salaries  paid  through  its  treasury ;  and  that  all 
mission.ary  supplies  shall  be  reported  to  the  society 
at  Chicago." 

It  was  also  resolved  among  other  things  that 
"Each  society  shall  hold  its  own  annual  meeting, 
and  that  a  yearly  anniversary  of  the  two  societies 
shall  be  held  at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be 
agreed  upon  by  their  respective  boards."  These 
arrangements  have  been  fully  carried  out,  and 
harmony  and  success  have  marked  the  combined 
efforts  of  the  two  societies. 

The  Woman's  Ba)itist  Home  Mission  Society  of 
Michigan  and  the  Woman's  State  Board  of  Jlin- 
nesota  are  earnestly  toiling  in  the  same  glorioos 
service. 

The  first  home  missionary  society  in  the  United 


HOOPER 


542 


JIOI'KIKS 


States  was  formed  in  Boston  in  1800  by  ladies,  and 
it  is  a  proper  cause  for  thanksgiving  that  tlicy  have 
resumed  the  work  once  more,  detoniiined  not  to 
relinquish  it  wlille  there  is  an  unconverted  woman 
or  child  within  the  hroad  limits  of  our  mighty  re- 
public. 

The  receipts  of  the  societies  at  Boston  and  Chi- 
cago in  1S80  were  S9098.66  in  cash,  and  $2601.81 
in  goods  and  donations  to  missionaries  and  pastors 
on  the  frontier. 

Twenty-one  missionaries  have  labored  under  the 
auspices  of  the  two  societies  during  1880. 

Hooper,  Wm.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  the  ripest 
scholar  Xortli  Carolina  has  yet  produced.    He  was 


«'M.  HOOPER,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

a  grandson  of  AVm.  Hooper  who  signed  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence  for  North  Carolina,  and 
was  born  near  Wilmington  in  1792;  graduated  at 
Chapel  Hill  about  1812,  read  theology  at  Prince- 
ton, N.  J.,  and  was  elected  Professor  of  Ancient 
Languages  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Chapel  Hill  in  181G.  In  1818  he  entered  the  min- 
istrj-  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  was  for  two  years 
rector  of  St.-John'schurch  in  Fayetteville,  when,  be- 
cause of  a  change  of  views  on  baptism,  he  resigned 
his  position  as  pastor,  and  again  became  connected 
with  the  university  as  Professor  of  Rhetoric.  In 
1829  he  was  transferred  to  his  old  chair  of  Ancient 
Languages.  He  was  baptized  in  IS.'jI  by  Rev.  P. 
W.  Dowd  into  the  fellowship  of  Mount  Carmel 
church.  Orange  Co.  In  1838  he  removed  to  South 
Carolina,  and  taught  theology  for  two  years  in  Fur- 
man  Institute,  when  he  became  for  six  years  Pro- 


fessor of  Ancient  Languages  in  South  Carolina 
College,  at  Columbia,  but  was  recalled  to  North 
Carolina  to  become  the  president  of  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1840.  Tlie  Knanciul  embarrassments  of 
the  college  discour.aged  liim.  and  lie  did  not  remain 
in  this  position  long.  In  1852  he  settled  as  pastor 
in  Newbern  :  in  1855  became  president  of  Chowan 
Female  Institute;  retired  from  this  position  in 
1862;  he  taught  school  in  Fayetteville  for  sever;il 
years,  and  in  1807  became  co-principal  with  liis 
son-in-law.  Prof  De  B.  Hooper,  at  Wilson,  N.  C. 

A  very  important  event  in  the  history  of  Dr. 
Hooper  was  the  killing  of  a  young  lady,  his  cousin, 
by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  neglected  gun, 
while  playing  with  the  children  in  his  uncle's 
family.  His  whole  life  seemed  from  this  circum- 
stance to  have  been  tinged  with  melancholy.  The 
year  before  he  died  he  addressed  a  letter  to  Prof. 
Hooper,  while  living  in  the  same  house  with  him, 
expressing  the  sadness  that  still  weighed  down  his 
spirits  as  he  looked  into  the  years  that  were  passed. 
He  died  at  Ch.apel  Hill,  where  so  much  of  his  life 
had  been  spent,  -\ug.  19,  1876,  and  if  he  had  lived 
eleven  days  more  would  have  been  eighty-four. 
His  remains  were  fittingly  laid  by  the  side  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Caldwell,  the  founder  of  the  college,  in  the 
campus  of  the  State  University  at  Chapel  Hill. 

It  may  well  be  questioned  whether  any  man  has 
lived  in  the  South,  or  for  that  matter  in  America, 
who  wrote  better  English  than  Dr.  Hooper,  and  it 
is  greatly  to  be  regretted  he  died  without  issuing 
from  the  press  a  few  volumes  of  his  sermons  or 
some  other  work  by  which  future  generations 
might  have  been  certified  of  the  lowly  piety,  ex- 
quisite taste,  sparkling  wit,  and  rich  stores  of 
learning  of  this  great  and  good  man. 

Hooten,  Rev.  Enoch  M.,  was  bom  in  Henry 
Co.,  Ga.,  June  30,  1837.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
joined  the  Presbj'terians,  but  in  1865  changed  his 
religious  views  and  united  with  the  Baptists.  On 
the  7th  of  November,  1866,  he  was  ordained,  and 
since  tlien  has  served  various  Baptist  churches  in 
Middle  Georgia,  baptizing  about  40  persons  each 
year.  For  some  years  he  taught  school,  and  for 
several  sessions  was  clerk  of  the  Flint  River  Asso- 
ciation. Mr,  Ilooten  is  a  good  pastor,  a  very  clear 
and  forcible  preacher,  and  a  graceful  speaker.  He 
enjoys  the  full  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  hill). 

Hopkins,  Rev,  Charles  J,,  was  the  child  of 
Quaker  parents.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa,,  April  2,  1800.  Converted  in  early  life,  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Holcombe,  and  received  into 
the  First  church,  Philadelphia,  in  October,  1818. 
He  was  ordained  at  the  First  church,  Camden, 
N.  J.,  in  1824.  From  May,  1829,  to  April,  1835, 
he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Salem,  N.  J.  Then 
for  five  years  he  served  the  church  at  Bridgeton. 


HOPPER 


543 


HORNBERGER 


In  the  fall  of  1843  lie  took  the  pastorate  of  Bcthesda 
church,  Xew  York  City.  In  October,  IcSJU,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Salem  church,  which  was  his 
last  charge.  He  died  in  Salem,  .July  14,  1SG.3. 
Mr.  Hopkins  was  a  good,  faithful,  earnest  minister 
of  the  gospel.  His  beaming  countenance,  ready 
wit,  mu.-iical  voice,  and  enthusiastic  manner  at- 
tracted attentiim.  He  was  an  ardent  temperance 
man,  and  was  in  great  demand  as  a  speaker  upon 
that  subject. 

Hopper,  A.  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Long  Branch, 
X.-J.,.Jan.  12,  lsii2:  received  his  university  educa- 
tion at  -Madison  ;  ordained  pastor  of  Academy  Street 
church.  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  the  autumn  of  1850  ; 
took  charge  of  the  First  church  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  in  1855.  He  was  also  pastor  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  in  Scranton,  Pa. 
In  1870  Madison  University  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  In  1872,  Dr.  Hopper 
had  baptized  more  than  .500  candidates.  He  is  a 
genial,  godly,  and  able  minister  of  the  Saviour. 

Hopps,  Herman  £.,  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  promising  of  the  early  graduates  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  was  drowned  at  Newport  Beach, 
R.  I.,  Aug.  1,  1873,  while  bathing.  He  was  con- 
verted while  a  boy,  and  during  his  student  course 
was  remarkable  not  only  for  scholarly  diligence 
and  success,  but  also  for  his  genial  Christian  spirit. 
He  graduated  in  the  class  of  1870,  and  immedi- 
atelj'  entered  the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 
Spending  a  little  time,  however,  with  the  church  in 
Batavia,  111.,  his  preaching  awakened  so  much  in- 
terest that  he  found  it  his  duty  to  remain  for  a 
year,  in  which  time  70  were  added  to  the  church. 
He  then  entei-ed  the  middle  class  at  Newton.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  preaching  for  the 
church  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  where  a  promising  work 
was  already  in  progress.  His  remains  were  taken 
to  Lamoille,  111.,  where  his  home  had  been,  and 
where  his  parents  still  r.eside. 

Homady,  Rev.  Henry  Carr,  of  Atlanta,  Ga., 
is  one  of  the  most  distinguished  and  influential 
ministers  of  the  State.  Born  Feb.  22,  1822,  in 
Jones  County,  he  has  spent  all  his  life  and  exerted 
all  his  energies  within  his  native  State.  He  en- 
joyed excellent  academical  advantages  and  av.-iiled 
himself  of  them  fully,  until  his  twentieth  year. 
Converted  in  1843  and  ordained  in  1848,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Americus  church,  where  he 
remained  eight  years.  Since  that  time  he  has  oc- 
cupied various  responsible  positions  in  the  denomi- 
nation, as  agent  for  Mercer  University,  editor  of  the 
Cherokee  Bapli.it ,  and  the  pastor  of  various  chui-ches. 
He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  church,  in 
Atlanta.  He  is  a  Baptist  in  the  strictest  sense  of 
the  term,  and  consequently  is  a  devoted  Christian  : 
he  is  a  good  pastor,  and  an  earnest,  tender,  pathetic, 
and  faithful  preacher. 


Hornbergper,  Rev.  Lewis  P.,  was  bom  in  the 
city  of  i'liiludt-lphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  25, 1841.  lie  was  con- 
verted at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  baptized  one  year 
after   into   the   fellowship   of   the   Olivet   Baptist 


REV.  LEWIS    p.  HORNBERGER. 

church,  Philadelphia,  by  Rev.  N.  B.  Baldwin,  Oct. 
4,  1857.  On  the  14th  of  October,  1858,  he  entered 
Madison  University  as  a  student  for  the  gospel 
ministry,  and  graduated  Aug.  2,  1865.  On  the  1st 
of  July  preceding  he  accepted  the  unanimous  call 
of  the  Spring  Garden  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia. 
He  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  first  charge  Aug. 
20,  1865. 

The  church  had  been  for  some  time  without  a 
pastor.  It  had  a  membership  of  279  and  a  debt  of 
?7000.  The  young  pastor  entered  with  ardent  zeal 
and  vigorous  faith  upon  his  work.  The  church 
rallied  nobly  under  the  new  leadership,  and  soon 
gave  evidence  of  rapid  and  vigorous  growth. 

Mr.  Ilornberger  remained  with  the  Spring  Gar- 
den church  six  years  and  nine  months.  During 
this  period  it  was  blessed  with  uninterrupted  har- 
mony and  prosperity.  The  house  was  thoroughly 
repaired,  the  debt  was  paid,  and  629  persons  added 
to  the  membership,  415  of  whom  were  baptized,  190 
came  by  letter,  16  by  experience,  and  8  by  restor- 
ation. Mr.  Ilornberger  had  a  very  pleasant  trip  to 
Europe  during  the  summer  of  1870.  The  mem- 
bership and  congregation  having  increased  beyond 
the  capacity  of  the  house  of  worship,  and  the  di- 
mensions of  the  lot  rendering  an  enlargement  of  it 
impossible,  the  project  of  a  removal  was  seriously 
considered,  but  was  afterwards   dismissed  as  im- 


HORNER 


544 


HOSKINSON 


practicable.  Mr.  lloriiherger  was  finally  induced, 
at  the  solicitation  of  many  member.s  of  his  church, 
as  well  as  of  a  number  of  influential  members  of 
other  churches,  to  undertake  the  establisliment  of  a 
new  church  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  city. 
Accordingly,  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1S72,  he 
retired  from  the  pastorate  of  the  Sprin;;  (iarden 
church,  and,  withaconstituency  of  257  persons,  186 
of  whom  were  dismissed  from  the  Spring  Garden 
church  for  the  purpose,  he  organized,  3Iarch  28, 
1ST2,  the  Gethsemane  Baptist  church.  A  lot  was 
immediately  secured  at  the  northwest  corner  of 
Eighteenth  and  Columbia  Avenue,  and  the  work 
of  building  begun.  It  progressed  rapidly,  and 
the  house  was  completed  and  dedicated  April  30, 
1874.  The  entire  cost  of  the  house  and  lot,  with  the 
furniture,  was  .?100,000.  The  edifice  is  of  brown- 
stone,  substantially  built,  and  handsomely  fur- 
nished. It  has  a  lecture-room  which  will  comfort- 
ably seat  400  persons,  and  an  audience-room  seating 
about  1000.  At  the  present  date,  1880,  the  mem- 
bership is  G52,  and  the  usual  congregations  are 
among  the  largest  in  the  city.  The  Bible-school 
numbers  98S,  with  an  average  attendance  of  700. 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Ilornberger  is  eminently 
earnest  and  practical,  sound  in  doctrine,  clear  in 
his  statements  of  gospel  truths,  and  uncomprom- 
ising in  their  advocacy.  He  is  a  fluent,  ready,  and 
graceful  speaker,  equally  good  in  extemporizing  or 
reading. 

As  a  pastor,  he  has  unusual  influence  and  power. 
Easily  accessible  and  courteous,  he  is  loved  and  re- 
spected by  his  people.  He  possesses  a  warm  and 
sympathizing  heart,  and  is  ever  a  most  welcome 
visitor  in  the  homes  of  the  sick  and  the  sorrowing. 
His  guiding  hand  is  manifest  in  all  the  important 
movements  of  the  church,  and  the  almost  unexam- 
pled success  that  has  marked  his  cai-cer  as  a  pastor 
is  perhaps  owing  to  a  happy  combination  of  quali- 
ties, shared  in  part  by  all,  but  not  often  so  sym- 
metrically united  in  one. 

His  church  edifice  is  out  of  debt.  Mr.  Ilorn- 
berger is  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  that  ever 
labored  in  Philailclphia,  and  his  talents  and  piety 
deserve  the  rich  harvests  he  has  garnered. 

Horner,  Rev.  T.  J.,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  C,  Nov.  23,  1823  ;  was  baptized  by  llev.  Joseph 
King  in  1855;  was  educated  at  the  famous  Bing- 
ham Academy,  of  Hillsborough  ;  ordained  at  Mount 
Zion  church,  Granville  Co.,  Rev.  Joseph  King  and 
his  son,  Rev.  Thomas  King,  forming  the  Presbytery, 
and  has  been  pastor  of  this  church  for  eighteen 
years.  Mr.  Horner  has  served  other  churches  in 
Granville  and  Person  Counties,  and  has  taught  for 
thirty-five  years.  He  is  now  the  senior  principal 
of  a  fliHirishing  academy  at  Henderson,  N.  C. 

Horton,  Hon.  Albert  C,  was  bom  about  1800, 
in  Georgia;  removed  to  Green  Co.,  Ala.;  engaged 


in  farming  and  became  wealthy  ;  served  in  the 
Senate  of  Alabama ;  removing  to  Texas  in  1835 ; 
commanded  a  company  of  cavalry,  the  advance- 
guard  of  Col.  Fannin,  whose  force  was  savagely 
massacred  at  Goliad  ;  narrowly  escaping  the  same 
fate,  his  command  being  cut  ofi'  from  the  main 
force.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  Congress  of 
the  republic,  with  Houston,  Rusk,  Grimes,  and 
Lester.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  constitution  of  Texas  as  a  State,  and 
was  elected  the  first  lieutenant-governor,  and  during 
the  absence  of  Gov.  J.  Pinckney  Henderson,  who 
commanded  the  Texas  troops  during  the  war  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Mexico,  in  1846,  he 
filled  the  chair  of  governor  for  several  months  with 
signal  honor.  The  latter  part  of  his  life  was  spent 
in  managing  his  large  estate  in  Wharton  and  Mata- 
gorda Counties,  dispensing  a  liberal  hospitality  to 
all  classes,  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  religious 
welfare  of  his  numerous  slaves.  Joining  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  his  early  days,  he  was  to  the  end  of  his 
life  a  consistent,  zealous,  liberal,  and  active  Chris- 
tian. As  a  member  of  the  body  that  formed  the 
Te.xas  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  as  a  trustee 
of  Baylor  University,  his  counsels  and  services 
will  live  as  a  heritage  of  blessings  to  education,  and 
to  the  denomination  of  which  he  was  so  honored  a 
member.     He  died  in  1865. 

Hoskinson,  Thomas  J.,  was  born  at  Waynes- 
burg,  Greene  Co.,  Pa.,  May  14,   1821  ;   was  bap- 


THOMAS    J.   HOSKINSON. 


tized  in  1855,  by  Rev.  Thomas  R.  Taylor,  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Sandusky  Street  church,  Alle- 


HOrCHKISS 


545 


HOUSTON 


ghany  City,  Pa.  In  1871  he  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  still  remains  an  esteemed  member 
of  the  Memorial  church. 

In  early  life  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  subsequently  associated  himself  with  others  in 
the  nianufai^ture  of  iron.  His  enterprise  and  in- 
tegrity enabled  him  to  prosper  abundantly,  and 
others  reaped  the  advantage  of  his  benefactions. 
He  has  been  long  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  educational  and  missionary  work  of  the  de- 
nomination, and  is  widely  known  as  a  wise  coun- 
selor and  careful  manager.  As  a  trustee  of  the 
university  at  Lewisburg,  and  president  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society,  he  has 
especially  aimed  to  advance  and  exalt  the  educa- 
tion of  young  men  for  the  gospel  ministry.  Mr. 
Ho.skinson  is  one  of  the  leading  Baptists  of  Penn- 
sylvania; and  he  is  known  and  honored  by  his 
brethren  throughout  the  State. 

Hotchkiss,  V.  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  June  5,  1815, 
in  Spafford,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  was  educated  in 
Madison  University  ;  has  been  pastor  in  Poultney, 
Vt.,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  from  1849  to  1854,  and  from  1865 
to  the  present  time,  18S0.  He  was  a  professor  in 
Rochester  Tlieological  Seminary  from  1854  to  1865. 
Dr.  Hotchkiss  is  one  of  the  strongest  men  in  our 
denomination  in  the  Empire  State.  Madison  gave 
him  his  doctorate  of  divinity. 

Hough,  Rev.  Silas,  M.D.,  was  born  In  Bucks 
Co.,  l*a.,  Feb.  8,  ITOfi.  lie  was  thirty  years  of 
age  before  he  exercised  saving  faith  in  the  blessed 
Redeemer.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Montgomery  church,  in  his  native  county, 
May  8,  1796.  Dr.  Hough  was  possessed  of  more 
than  ordinary  gifts  for  the  ministry,  and  in  June, 
1804,  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Montgomery 
church,  which  he  served  till  December,  1821  ;  eigh- 
teen months  after  his  resignation,  his  spirit  entered 
the  heavenly  rest. 

Dr.  Hough  left  $1000  to  the  Philadelphia  Asso- 
ciation, the  interest  of  which  is  to  be  appropriated 
forever  to  the  support  of  the  widows  of  Baptist 
ministers.  He  was  the  first  man  to  start  this  fund. 
Dr.  Hough  had  a  strong  faith,  an  undying  zeal, 
and  a  blameless  life. 

Hougham,  John  S.,  LL.D.,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
graduiiteil  in  Wabash  College  in  1846.  In  -July, 
1848,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  Franklin  College.  He  was 
after  a  short  time  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Chem- 
istry and  Related  Sciences,  lie  built  up  an  excel- 
lent laboratory,  and,  in  addition  to  his  teaching, 
established  and  superintended  the  m.anufacture  of 
chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus.  He  was 
also  of  great  service  to  the  institution  by  the  aid 
he  gave  in  its  financial  management.  He  is  ac- 
knowledged to  be  a  man  of  great  practical  ability. 


He  made  some  original  investigations  in  respect  to 
the  influence  of  mercury  upon  the  body.  He  re- 
signed in  1862,  and  several  months  later  accepted 
a  professorship  in  the  Kansas  Agricultural  College. 
He  accepted  a  professorship  in  the  Indiana  Agri- 
cultural College,  and  was  appointed  to  superintend 
the  laying  out  of  the  grounds  and  the  structure  of 
the  buildings.  He  served  the  institution  several 
years,  and  finally  resigned  to  care  for  his  real  es- 
tate in  the  West.     His  home  is  in  La  Fayette. 

House,  Rev.  Horace  Lee,  one  of  the  youngest 
pastors  in  the  State,  a  native  of  Otselic,  K.  Y.,  where 
he  was  born  in  1850,  was  graduated  from  Cornell 
University,  New  York,  in  1874,  and  from  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1877 ;  ordained  June  27,  1877. 
Mr.  House's  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Baptist  church  in  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
from  .lune  1,  1877,  to  Feb.  1,  ISSO,  at  which  time 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Racine,  where  he  now  resides.  lie  has  a  fine 
field  of  labor  and  one  of  the  best  churches  in  Wis- 
consin. 

Houston,  Mrs.  Margaret  MofFette,  daughter 

of  Tciupli-  and  Ximcy  Lea.  was  born  in  Perry  Co., 
Ala.,  April  11,  1819.  She  belonged  to  a  family  of 
marked  individuality.  Her  brother,  Hon.  H.  C. 
Lea,  was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Alabama 
State  senate.  Her  education  was  mainly  received 
from  Prof.  J.  A.  McLain,  a  well-educated  Scotch 
Baptist.  She  possessed  poetical  talent,  which  she 
occa.sionally  exhibited  by  contributing  articles  for 
the  journals  of  the  day,  and  her  conversational 
powers  rendered  her  society  attractive.  Iler  views 
of  Christian  truth  and  duty  were  in  full  accord  with 
the  gospel.  She  was  married  to  Gen.  Sam  Houston, 
in  April,  1840.  During  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Peter 
Crawford  at  Marion  she  was  converted  and  baptized. 
She  was  always  ready  to  contribute  of  her  means 
to  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of  Christ.  Eight 
children  survive  her, — Sam  Houston,  Jr.,  Mrs. 
Nannie  Morrow,  Mrs.  Mary  Morrow,  Mrs.  Maggie 
Williams,  Mrs.  Antoinette  P.  Bringhurst,  Andrew 
.Jackson  Houston,  William  Rogers  Houston,  and 
Temple  Houston.  She  died  at  Independence,  Te.xas, 
Dec.  3,  1869.  The  following  lines  indicate  both  her 
Christian  spirit  and  poetical  gift: 

A  MOTHER'S  PRAYER. 

WRITTEN   WIIILB    UNCERTAIN   AS  TO  THE  FATE  OF    HER    SON,    LIEl'T. 
SAM   HOl'STON. 

0  Thou!  ^noatli  wlioso  omniscient  oye 

Tlie  footsteps  of  tho  wanderer  roam 
Far  from  liis  own  lovoii  niitive  sky, 

Far  from  tlie  sucreti  lies  of  home. 
A  captive  on  some  liostile  shore, 

Perchance  his  young  heart  pineth  now 
To  join  tlie  liouseliold  band  once  more, 

That  'round  the  evening  altar  bow  ; 
Or,  'mid  tlie  cannon's  roar  again 

And  gleam  of  clashing  steel,  perchance 


HOUSTON 


540 


HOVBY 


Upon  tile  bUiotly  liiitlle-lilitiii 

Hfttli  met  the  deadly  foeman'**  lance. 
1  cAnnot  tell :  my  dim  eye  now 

His  wanderings  may  not  trace; 
But,  oil!  'tis  sweet  to  feel  and  know, 

Tlirough  every  scene,  in  every  place. 
Tdy  glorious  eye  doth  follow  liim. 

On  tuilsiuiie  nian-Ii,  'mid  jiriann  gloom, 
On  Soutlicrii  soil,  through  Northern  clime, 

t)r  'mid  the  cannon's  dismal  hooni, 
His  life  is  safe  beneath  thy  sight. 

As  though  a  mother's  love  could  soothe 
And  for  the  weary  head  each  night 

With  tender  hand  his  pillow  smooth. 

Houston,  Gov.  Sam,  was  }iorn  near  Lexington, 
Rockbridge  Co.,  Va.  :  with  lii.s  mother,  six  broth- 


GOVERNOR   SAM  HOUSTON. 

era,  and  three  sisters  he  removed  to  Blount  Co., 
Tenn.,  when  about  twelve  years  old ;  spent  some 
time  before  his  sixteenth  year  among  the  Cherokee 
Indians;  entered  the  United  States  army  in  his 
nineteenth  year;  was  under  Gen.  Andrew  Jackson 
at  the  battle  of  Tohopeka,  against  the  Creek  In- 
dians, serving  as  ensign,  fighting  heroically,  and  re- 
ceiving two  wounds  from  rifle-balls  .and  one  from 
a  barbed  arrow,  from  whose  effects  he  never  wholly 
recovered  ;  Avas  appointed  a  lieutenant,  and  sta- 
tioned a  while  at  Nasliville  and  New  Orleans;  re- 
signed when  about  twenty  years  of  age;  studied 
law  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  about  six  months, 
under  lion.  James  Trimble  ;  was  licensed  to  prac- 
tise, and  in  less  than  twelve  months  afterwards  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  the  Davidson  circuit: 
settled  first  at  Lebanon,  and  served  as  district  at- 
torney one  year  at  Nashville  ;  resigned,  and  de- 
voted himself  to  the  practice  of  law,  until   1S'J3. 


when  hardly  thirty  years  of  age,  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  without  opposition,  anil  also,  in  1825, 
almost  by  acclamation,  and  in  1S2T  was  chosen 
governor  by  12,000  majority  resigned  Jan.  I, 
1829,  three  months  after  his  first  marriage,  leav- 
ing his  wife,  because  she  declared  that  neither  at 
that  time  nor  at  their  marriage  did  he  li.avo  her 
heart;  went  among  the  Cherokees,  and  remained 
three  years,  with  varying  incidents  of  great  politi- 
cal moment,  then  removed  to  Texas  ;  aided  in  form- 
ing its  first  constitution,  April,  18.3.3;  engaged  in 
vigorous  efforts  for  the  liberation  of  Texas,  until  as 
commander  of  the  Texan  army,  at  the  battle  of  San 
Jacinto,  April  21,  1836,  he  succeeded  in  securing 
the  freedom  of  the  republic.  At  the  battle  of  San 
Jacinto  he  received  another  wound.  President  of 
the  republic  from  183G-38  ;  member  of  the  Texan 
Congress  from  1839—41  ;  President  of  the  republic 
from  January,  1841 ,  to  January,  1845 ;  Senator  from 
Texas,  in  the  United  States  Senate,  from  1845-57  ; 
governor  of  Texas  from  January,  1859,  to  March, 
1861 ;  died  July,  1803,  at  lluntsville,  Walker  Co. 
Married  to  Miss  Maggie  Lea,  April,  1840;  lived 
scrupulously  devoted  to  morality,  and  his  wife's 
views  of  religious  truth,  until  he  was  converted. 
The  influence  of  his  wife  over  his  later  life  was 
ever  cheerfully  and  gratefully  acknowledged  by 
him.  Was  baptized  at  Independence,  Texas,  No- 
vember, 1855,  by  Rev.  Rufus  C.  Burleson,  D.D. ; 
regularly  attended  upon  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Samson's 
ministrations  during  the  whole  of  his  senatorial 
career  at  Washington.  lie  took  an  active  share  in 
prayer-meetings,  at  Associations  and  Conventions 
when  present,  and  delivered  numerous  lectures 
during  the  latter  part  of  his  life  in  aid  of  temper- 
ance. As  a  soldier,  Lawyer,  general.  President, 
Senator,  governor,  orator.  Christian,  he  was  one  of 
the  remarkable  men  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

Hovey,  Alvah,   D.D,,  LL.D,,  was   bom   in 

Greene,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  5,  1820.  In 
the  autumn  of  that  year  his  parents  returned  to 
their  native  place,  Tlietford,  Vt.,  where  his  child- 
hood and  youth  were  passed,  the  summers  mostly 
on  a  farm  and  the  winters  in  a  district  school.  lie 
prepared  for  college  in  Brandon,  Vt.,  and  was 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1844.  He 
had  been  already  principal  of  an  academy  in  Derby, 
\i.,  two  years,  and  was  princi|ial  of  the  academy 
at  New  London,  N.  II.,  one  year.  He  studied  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution  three  years,  and 
after  graduating  preached  one  year  in  New  Glouces- 
ter, Me.  Returning  to  Newton  in  the  autumn  of 
1849,  he  has  been  engaged  as  a  teacher  in  the  insti- 
tution from  that  time  to  the  present  (with  the  ex- 
ception of  ten  months  spent  in  Europe).  From 
1849  to  1855  he  was  tutor  in  Hebrew  ;  from  1853 
to  1855,  Professor  of  Church  History  ;  from  1855  to 
the  present  time,  Professor  of  Theology  and  Chris- 


HOWARD 


547 


HOWARD 


tian  Ethics  ;  and  for  the  last  twelve  years  president 
of  the  institution.  Dr.  Ilovey  has  contributed  a 
large  amount  of  matter  to  the  Christian  Review, 
the  Baptist  Quarterly,  the  Bihliotheca  Sacra,  the 


ALVAII    nOVEV,   D.D.,    I.I..D. 

Examiner  and  Chronicle,  the  Watchman,  the  Stan- 
dard, and  other  papers.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
following  books:  "A  Memoir  of  the  Life  and 
Times  of  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  A.M.,"  1859;  "The 
State  of  the  Impenitent  Dead,"  1859;  "The  Mira- 
cles of  Christ  as  attested  liy  the  Evangelists,"  1864  ; 
"The  Scriptural  Law  of  Divorce,"  1866;  "God 
with  us;  or  the  Person  and  State  of  Christ,"  1872; 
"  Religion  and  the  State,"  1876  ;  "  The  Doctrine  of 
the  Higher  Christijin  Life,  compared  with  the  Scrip- 
tures," 1877  ;  "  Manu.al  of  Tlieology,"  1878.  Dr. 
Ilovey  has  publislied  sovor.al  unbound  discussions, 
as  "Close  Communion,"  "State  of  Men  after 
Death,"  "  Semi-centennial  Discourse  at  Newton," 
etc.  Brown  University  conferred  on  him  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.,  and  Richmond  College  and  Denison 
University  that  of  LL.D.  lie  has  been  a  member 
of  the  E.\ecutive  Committee  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  ['ninn  for  many  years. 

Howard,  Rev.  Amasa,  son  of  Amasa  Howard, 
was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Sept.  9,  1S.32;  con- 
verted in  his  twelfth  year,  at  Slatcrsvillc,  R.  I. : 
baptized  in  North  Uxbridge,  Mass.,  in  May,  1845 : 
began  to  study  with  his  brother.  Rev.  .Johnson 
Howard,  pastor  of  Baptist  cluirch  in  Dover,  N.  Y. : 
was  at  the  academy  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  II.,  and  at 
Worcester  Acad^Miiy,  Mass.  ;  colporteur  of  Ameri- 
can  and    Foreign    Bilile   Society  ;    connci'tcd  with 


academy  at  .Slielburne  Falls  for  two  years ;  entered 
Madison  University  ;  spent  two  years  with  a  mis- 
sion church  in  South  Boston,  Mass.  ;  became  city 
mission.ary  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1857,  and  labored 
eight  years  ;  ordained  in  1801  :  in  1805  settled  with 
Wethersfield  church  ;  in  1807  with  Third  Baptist 
church.  Providence,  R.  I. :  in  1870  returned  to 
Hartford,  Conn.,  and  became  pastor  of  the  newly 
formed  Washington  Avenue  church  ;  resigned  in 
1877;  supplied  Bloomfield  and  other  churches  till 
health  failed;  in  .June,  1879,  was  chosen  chaplain 
of  Connecticut  State  Prison,  where  he  is  now- 
laboring. 

Howard  College,  located  at  Marion,  is  the  Bap- 
tist male  college  of  Alabama.  It  was  founded  in 
1843.  Prof.  S.  S.  Sherman,  Rev.  II.  Talbird,  D.D.. 
Rev.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  LL.D.,  Rev.  S.  R.  Freeman. 
D.D.,  and  Prof  J.  T.  Murfee,  LL.D.,  have  been 
presidents  of  this  institution.  Its  buildings  and 
grounds  are  estimated  to  be  worth  §150,000.  And 
before  the  war  its  endowment  was  valued  at  as 
much  more,  which,  however,  was  lost  in  that  un- 
happy struggle.  It  belongs  to  the  State  Convention 
of  Alabama,  and  that  body  appoints  its  trustees 
and  devotes  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  its  welfare. 
It  has  a  deep  hold  on  the  confidence  and  affection 
of  the  denomination  in  the  State,  as  is  seen  in  the 
fact  that  after  its  buildings  had  been  twice  de- 
stroyed by  fire  they  were  promptly  rebuilt,  with 
improvements,  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State  ;  and 
in  the  further  fact  that  although  without  an  en- 
dowment, it  is  successfully  competing  with  richly- 
endowed  colleges  in  and  out  of  the  State.  Dr. 
Murfee,  the  present  president,  wdio  has  occupied 
that  position  for  eight  yejirs,  has,  with  his  able 
corps  of  professors,  established  for  Howard  College 
the  reputation  of  imp.arting  a  thoroughness  of 
scholarship  and  of  manly  deportment  unsurpassed 
in  the  whole  country.  Besides,  the  moral  tone  and 
religious  surroundings  of  the  institution  are  of  the 
first  order.  Every  effort  is  made  to  develop  the 
nobler  traits  of  human  character,  and  to  bestow 
the  best  education  that  can  be  had.  The  graduates 
of  Ilow.ard  College  are  taking  some  of  the  highest 
stations  in  all  the  learned  callings. 

Howard,  Hon.  James  L.,  scm  of  Hev.  Lcland 
Howard,  was  l>orn  in  Windsor,  Vt.,  Jan.  18,  1818; 
.settled  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  October.  1838;  an 
extensive  and  successful  merchant  and  manufac- 
turer; well  and  widely  known  for  ability,  integrity, 
good  Judgment,  and  courtesy  ;  largely  trustcil  with 
public  interests;  to  his  fine  taste  Bushnell  Park, 
Hartford,  owes  much  of  its  attractiveness ;  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  chnrcli, 
Jan.  7,  1841  ;  chosen  deacon  Sept.  4.  1857  ;  active 
in  this  church  and  prominent  in  thedenoinination  : 
president  of  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention 
from  1871  to  1S77;  president  of  Connecticut  Bap- 


HOWARD 


548 


HOWARD 


tist  Social  Union  from  its  origin  in  1872,  as  he  was 
its  chief  originator  ;  president  of  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society  from  187^^  to  1S7S;  for  many 
years  an  efficient  trustee  of  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution ;  generous  contriliutor  to  benevolent 
operations. 

Howard,  John,  the  Philanthropist,  was  bom 
at  Entielil,  England,  Sept.  2,  1726.     Ilis  education 


JOHN  noiv.\Ru. 

■was  respectable.  In  his  early  manhood  he  traveled 
extensively  in  France  and  Italy,  purchasing  works 
of  art,  and  inspecting  the  ruins  of  the  glorious 
past  and  the  creations  of  modern  genius.  In  his 
travels  he  learned  to  speak  the  French  language 
with  great  accuracy,  which  was  of  signal  service  to 
him  in  future  life.  Some  time  after  his  return  from 
the  Continent  he  became  so  ill  that  he  was  convinced 
that  the  attentions  of  his  nurse  alone  saved  his 
life,  and  as  the  only  adequate  expression  of  his 
gratitude  he  married  her  when  she  was  fifty-three 
and  he  was  twenty-five.  She  lived  but  a  short 
time  to  enjoy  her  new  position  and  the  wealth  of 
love  in  her  husband's  noble  heart.  On  the  2d  of 
May,  1758,  he  married  Henrietta  Leeds,  with  whom 
he  spent  nine  happy  years  at  Cardington.  During 
this  period  his  active  mind  found  constant  occupti- 
tion  in  building  school-houses  and  model  cottages 
for  the  poor  of  the  town,  and  in  many  other  labors 
for  the  education  and  improvement  of  the  neglected 
villagers.  He  was  appointed  sheriff  in  1773.  To 
accept  this  required  him  to  produce  a  certificate 
stating  that  he  had  taken  the  Lord's  Supper  in  an 
Episcopal  church  within  a  reasonable  time.     How- 


ard was  a  Dissenter,  and  be  alihorred  such  con- 
temptible methods  of  sustaining  the  interests  of  a 
church  ;  neither  would  he  decline  the  office  and 
pay  a  fine  as  bis  father  had  done.  He  accepted  the 
position,  determined  to  contest  to  the  uttermost  anv 
suit  brought  against  hiiu  for  breaking  the  law. 
No  one  prosecuted  the  good  man.  After  the  assizes 
were  over  he  descended  into  tlie  prison  to  see  tlie 
condition  of  its  inmates.  It  was  tlie  liome  of  John 
Bunyan  for  twelve  years,  in  which  be  wrote  liis 
immortal  '■  Pilgrim's  Progress."  Everytliing  in  it 
was  shocking,  and  appealed  to  his  whole  humanity 
to  remove  the  horrid  evils  that  reigned  all  over  the 
place.  From  that  moment  he  seems  to  have  con- 
secrated himself  to  fight  prison  aliuses  and  the  pow- 
ers of  the  plague  throughout  the  world.  How  he 
traveled,  how  hesufiered,  how  he  labored  with  kings, 
emperors,  empresses,  parliaments,  and  governors  of 
jails ;  how  he  gave  his  money  to  relieve  oppressed 
prisoners  and  victims  of  the  plague ;  and  how  he 
risked  his  life  times  without  number,  it  is  not  pos- 
sible to  tell  in  an  article  like  this.  It  is  sufficient 
to  say  that  the  name  of  Howard  stands  higli  above 
every  other  philantlirnpist  to  which  our  race  has 
given  birth.  Tlie  Howard  Associations  of  our 
country  and  of  other  lands  show  the  extent  and 
duration  of  his  fame.  He  died  at  Kherson,  in  the 
Crimea,  of  camp  fever,  contracted  in  his  warfare 
against  that  scourge,  on  the  2()th  of  January,  1790. 
Mr.  Howard's  eflbrts  have  been  followed  by  mar- 
velous improvements  in  prison-life,  and  by  a  mul- 
titude of  benevolent  societies  to  aid  the  victims  of 
the  pestilence. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  community  of 
which  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett  was  pastor,  in  London. 
On  the  Istuf  JIarcb,  1790,  Dr.  Stennett  preached 
a  funeral  sermon  for  his  lamented  friend.  In  that 
discourse,  in  describing  Mr.  Howard's  faith,  he 
says,  "  Nor  was  he  ashamed  of  those  truths  he 
heard  stated,  explained,  and  enforced  in  this  place. 
lie  had  made  up  bis  mind,  as  he  said,  upon  his  re- 
ligious sentiments,  and  was  not  to  be  moved  from 
his  steadfastness  by  novel  opinions  intruded  upon 
the  world.  Nor  did  he  content  himself  with  a  bare 
profession  of  these  divine  truths.  He  entered  into 
the  spirit  of  the  gospel,  felt  its  power  and  tasted 
its  sweetness.  You  know,  my  friends,  with  what 
seriousness  and  devotion  he  attended,  for  a  long 
course  of  years,  on  the  worship  of  God  among  us. 
It  would  be  scarcely  decent  for  me  to  repeat  the 
afiectionate  things  he  says,  in  a  letter  written  me 
from  a  remote  part  of  the  world,  respecting  the  sat- 
isfaction and  pleasure  he  had  felt  in  the  religious 
exercises  of  this  place."*  The  historian  Ivimey 
gives  the  letter  entire.  It  was  written  from  Smyrna, 
on  the  11th  of  August,  1786.     In  it  he  says,  "  The 


*  Works  of  S,iniiiel  Ste?iTiett,  D.D  ,  iii.  ■IX},    London,  1824. 


HOWARD 


549 


HOWE 


principal*  reason  of  my  writing  is  most  sincerely 
to  tliank  you  for  the  many  pleasant  hours  I  have 
had  in  reviewing  the  notes  I  have  taken  of  the  ser- 
mons I  had  the  happiness  to  hear  under  your  min- 
istry ;  these,  sir,  with  many  of  your  petitions  in 
prayer,  have  been,  and  are,  my  songs  in  tlie  house 
of  my  pilgrimage.  With  undoubted  pleasure  I 
have  attended  your  ministry;  no  man  ever  entered 
more  into  my  religious  sentiments,  or  more  happily 
expressed  them.  It  was  some  little  disappointment 
when  any  one  occupied  your  pulpit.  Oh,  sir,  how 
many  Sabbaths  have  I  ardently  longed  to  spend 
in  Little  Wild  Street  (Dr.  Stennett's)  :  on  those 
days  I  generally  rest,  or,  if  at  sea,  keep  retired  in 
my  little  cabin.  It  is  you  that  preach,  and  I  bless 
God  I  attend  with  renewed  pleasure.  I  bless  God 
for  your  ministry  ;  I  pray  God  to  reward  you  a 
thousandfold." 

Air.  Howard  had  been  a  Congregationalist,  but 
from  "the  many  years''  during  which  he  had  wor- 
shiped with  Dr.  Stennett,  and  the  declaration  that 
"  no  man  ever  entered  more  into  his  religious  senti- 
ments, or  more  happily  expressed  them,"  it  is  cer- 
tain that  .John  Howard  was  a  Baptist. 

Howard,  Rev.  Leland,  was  born  in  .Jamaica. 
Vt.,  Oct.  13,  1793.  During  a  revival  in  Shaftsbury 
he  was  hopefully  converted,  and  baptized  when 
about  seventeen  years  of  age,  by  Rev.  Isaiah  Madi- 
son. At  an  early  age  he  commenced  to  preach. 
In  1814,  having  lieen  invited  by  Gen.  Abner  Forbes, 
a  wealthy  citizen  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  to  come  to  that 
place  to  pursue  his  studies,  he  accepted  the  invita- 
tion. He  was  placed  under  the  instruction  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Bradley,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  his 
board  and  tuition  bills  being  paid  by  his  kind 
friend.  He  completed  his  theological  studies  with 
Rev.  J.  M.  AVinclu'll,  of  Boston,  and  was  ordained 
pastor  of  tlie  church  in  Windsor,  Vt.,  in  November, 
1817.  In  1823  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  For  a  time  he  was  again  with  his  old  church 
in  Windsor,  and  then  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He 
preached  in  Meriden,  Conn.,  in  the  year  1837-38. 
Subsequently  he  was  p.astor  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
Norwich,  X.  Y"^.,  North  church  in  Troy,  then  at 
Hartford,  N.  Y'.,  and  finally  in  Rutland.  Vt.,  where 
his  pastorate  closed  in  1852.  He  died  May  6,  1870. 
Few  men  have  left  a  better  record  in  the  places 
*  where  he  labored  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  than 
"  Father"  Howard.  One  of  his  sons  is  Hon.  .James 
L.  Howard,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  president  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 

Howard,  Rev.  Mark  William,  was  ordained 
at  Ukiah,  Cal.,  in  1859,  and  has  been  pastor  of 
the  Ukiah  and  other  churches  in  that  part  of  the 


•  lTimey'8  "  History  of  tho  Eaglista  Baptiiits,"  iv.  3C1.    Loudon, 
1830. 


State  ever  since.  He  was  Ijorn  in  1S18,  converted 
at  nine,  and  joined  his  mother's  church,  the  Meth- 
odist. In  1838  he  removed  to  Fort  Smith,  Ark., 
three  years  after  to  Southwest  Missouri.  In  1844, 
having  previously  become  a  Baptist  by  studying 
the  Bible,  he  was  immersed  and  joined  a  Baptist 
church.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Califcirnia.  spent 
one  year  in  San  Joaquin  County,  one  year  in 
Sonoma  County,  and  joined  tlie  Healdsburg  church. 
In  1858  he  settled  near  Ukiah,  where  he  was  soon 
after  ordained.  God  has  blessed  him  both  in  his 
business  and  in  his  labors  in  the  pulpit,  and  given 
him  great  influence  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  Christian 
pastor. 

Howard,  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Manchester, 
England,  Dec.  17,  1828.  In  early  life  he  ran  away 
from  home.  For  several  years  he  was  occupied  as 
a  cabin-boy  in  a  sailing-vessel.  W^hile  thus  en- 
gaged he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Rev.  A.  P. 
Repiton,  D.D.,  at  AVilmington,  N.  C.  This  good 
brother  took  him  to  his  home  and  adopted  him  as 
a  son.  Through  his  instrumentality  he  was  con- 
verted, and  baptized  in  1847.  He  early  indicated 
strong  powers  of  native  intellect.  Cherishing  high 
desires  for  thorough  education,  he  entered  Howard 
College,  Ala.,  in  1849,  and  graduated  in  1852,  re- 
ceiving the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1854.  In  .January, 
1855,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Gainesville  church, 
Ala.,  in  the  charge  of  which  he  continued  until  the 
close  of  1866,  when  he  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Galveston,  Texas.  At  dif- 
ferent times,  while  living  in  Alabama,  be  served  as 
pastor  at  Providence  and  Sumterville  churches, 
Ala.,  and  Macon  and  Enterprise  churches.  Miss., 
preaching  to  them  once  a  month.  During  the  war 
he  acted  as  a  chaplain  and  general  missionary  in 
the  Confederate  army.  For  several  years  he  was 
moderator  of  the  Bigby  River  Association,  Ala., 
and  was  for  some  months  general  agent  in  Texas 
of  the  Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention.  He  has  represented  Alabama  and 
Texas  in  the  Southern  Convention,  and  in  May, 
1876.  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  represented  the  same  Con- 
vention in  the  general  Baptist  anniversaries.  For 
several  years  he  has  been  president  of  the  Texas 
Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention.  Baylor  Uni- 
versity conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in 
1870.  He  is  a  student,  po.ssessing  a  library  rich 
in  the  variety,  rarity,  and  number  of  its  volumes. 
He  is  ranked  by  no  minister  of  the  "  Ishind  City." 
His  commencement  sermons  at  Baylor  University 
and  other  educational  centres  have  given  him  a 
prominent  place  among  Southern  ministers.  He 
holds  a  warm  place  among  the  Galveston  people. 

Howe,  Rev.  Fhineas,  was  born  in  Fitzwilliam, 
N.  H.,  in  1792  ;  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
eight  ;  licensed  by  the  church  in  Fitzwilliam ; 
studied  with  llcv.  .J.  M.  Graves,  and  was  ordained 


HOWE 


550 


HOWELL 


in  1824  to  the  pastomte  of  the  Marlborough  and 
Newfane,  Vt.,  church,  where  he  remained  for 
seven  years.  After  brief  pastorates  in  one  or  two 
other  places,  he  returned,  in  1834,  to  the  church 
which  he  had  first  served,  where  he  continued  his 
labors  for  another  term  of  seven  years.  Broken 
down  in  his  healtli,  he  suspended  his  ministerial 
hibors  for  a  season.  His  hist  settlements  were  in 
Hinsdale  and  Troy,  X.  II.  He  returned  to  spend 
the  close  of  his  life  among  his  old  friends,  and  died 
at  Newfane,  Vt.,  Jan.  17,  1869.  During  the  nearly 
twenty-five  years  of  his  active  ministry  he  baptized 
30S  persons,  ami  was  otherwise  very  useful. 

Howe,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  pastor  of  tlie  church 
meeting  in  Deadman's  Place,  London,  for  about 
seven  years.  Neal  says  that  "  he  was  a  man  of 
learning,  and  printed  a  small  treatise  called  '  The 
Sufficiency  of  the  Spirit's  Teaching'  "  (vol.  ii.  316, 
Dublin,  1755).  Others  speak  of  him  as  a  cobbler, 
and,  consequently,  an  illiterate  person.  lie  might 
have  carried  on  the  shoe  business,  because  he  could 
not  support  himself  by  preaching  to  a  small  perse- 
cuted Baptist  church,  and  yet  not  be  an  ignorant 
man.  Neither  does  the  fact  that  his  book  seems 
to  disparage  learning  prove  that  he  was  destitute 
of  it.  Many  in  his  day  represented  learning  as 
the  CHIEF  qualification  for  the  ministry.  Baptists 
never  have  entertained  this  opinion,  though  they 
regard  learning  in  their  pastors  as  of  immense  im- 
portance, and  have  given  more  money,  perhaps, 
than  any  other  denomination,  with  their  numbers 
and  resources,  in  this  country  to  erect  and  endow 
institutions  for  the  education  of  their  ministry. 

Mr.  Howe  attracted  the  attention  of  the  perse- 
cuting clergy  and  their  instruments,  by  whom  he 
was  imprisoned  and  excommunicated.  Dying  in 
jail,  he  was  refused  burial  in  consecrated  ground  ; 
a  constable's  guard  protected  the  parish  cemetery 
at  Shoreditch  from  profanation  by  the  reception  of 
his  body.  He  was  buried  at  Agnes-la-Clair  ;  and 
several  members  of  his  church,  at  their  own  re- 
quest, were  buried  afterwards  with  him. 

Mr.  Howe's  people,  after  his  death,  according  to  Dr. 
Thomas  Fuller,  on  .Jan.  18, 1641,  to  the  number  of  80 
meeting  at  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  "  preached,'' 
among  other  things,  '"  that  the  king  was  only  to  be 
obeyed  in  civil  matters."  Crosby  states  that  they 
were  arrested  while  at  their  place  of  worship  and 
committed  to  the  Clink  prison,  and  that  the  next 
morning  six  or  seven  of  the  men  were  taken  to 
the  House  of  Lords  and  strictly  examined  about 
their  principles.  They  freely  admitted  that  "  they 
owned  no  other  head  of  the  church  but  Jesus 
Christ,  that  no  prince  had  power  to  make  laws  to 
bind  the  consciences  of  men,  and  that  laws  made 
contrary  to  the  law  of  God  were  of  no  force." 
Crosby  states  that  this  church  was  of  the  inde- 
pendent order.     Fuller   says   they  were  Anabap- 


tists ;  Crosby's  and  Mr.  Howe's  contemporaries 
represent  him  as  a  Baptist.  The  principles  his 
people  avow  are  emphatically  the  doctrines  of  the 
Baptists.  They  may  have  been  Independents, 
who  added  believer's  immersion  to  tlieir  Congrega- 
tionalism. Mr.  Howe  was  bitterly  persecuted  and 
deeply  lamented.  His  reputation  as  a  manly,  tal- 
ented, and  learned  Nun-conformist  was  so  favorably 
and  widely  known,  that  Crosby  tells  us  "  he  was 
very  famous  for  his  vindication  of  the  doctrines  of 
separation." 

Roger  AVilliams,  in  "  The  Hireling  Ministry," 
etc.,  says,  "Among  so  many  instances,  dead  and 
living,  to  tlie  everlasting  praise  of  Christ  Jesus 
and  of  His  Holy  Spirit,  breathing  and  blessing 
where  He  listeth,  I  cannot  but  with  honorable  tes- 
timony remember  that  eminently  Christian  wit- 
ness and  prophet  of  Christ,  even  tliat  despised  and 
yet  beloved  Samuel  Howe,  who,  being  by  calling  a 
cobbler  and  without  human  learning  (probably  he 
meant  a  university  education,  which  Dr.  Carey 
never  had),  which  yet  in  its  sphere  and  place  he 
honored,  who  yet,  I  say,  by  se.irching  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  grew  so  excellent  a  textuary,  or  Scrip- 
ture-learned man,  that  few  of  tliose  high  ralibies 
that  scorn  to  mend  or  make  a  shoe,  could  aptly  or 
readily  from  the  Holy  Scriptures  outgo  him.  And, 
however,  through  the  oppressions  upon  some  men's 
consciences,  even  in  life  and  death,  and  after  death, 
in  respect  of  burying,  as  yet  unthought  and  un- 
remedied, I  say,  however,  he  was  forced  to  seek  a 
grave  or  bed  in  the  highway,  yet  was  his  life  and 
death  and  burial  (being  attended  by  many  hun- 
dreds of  God's  people)  honorable  and  (how  much 
more  on  his  rising  again  !)  glorious." 

It  is  probable  that  Roger  Williams  learned 
■'  soul  liberty"  from  Samuel  Howe,  whose  church 
believed  that  "  the  king  was  only  to  be  obeyed  in 
civil  matters  ;"  that  "  no  prince  had  power  to  make 
laws  to  bind  the  consciences  of  men.'' 

Howell,  Judge  David,  was  bom  in  New  Jer- 
sej'  in  1747,  and  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1766. 
By  the  advice  of  President  Manning  he  came  to 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  his  associate  in  the  new 
Rhode  Island  College,  just  commencing  operations 
in  Warren.  He  was  appointed  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  1769,  and  con- 
tinued to  give  instruction  in  his  department  until 
college  exercises  were  suspended  in  consequence 
of  the  breaking  up  of  the  college  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  He  was  Professor  of  Law  in  the 
university  for  over  thirty  years,  and  a  Fellow  for 
fifty-two  years.  For  many  years  he  ranked  among 
the  first  lawyers  of  Providence,  was  a  member  of 
the  Congress  of  Confederation,  anil  in  1812  was 
appointed  D.  S.  judge  for  the  district  of  Rhode 
Island,  holding  the  office  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  1824. 


HOWELL 


551 


HOWES 


Prof.  GoJdard,  in  :i  skotoli  of  Judge  Howell,  re- 
uarks,  "  lie  was  endowed  witli  extraordinary  tal- 
ents, and  he  superadded  to  his  endowments  exten- 
sive and  accurate  learning.  Upon  all  occasions 
which  made  any  demands  upon  him,  he  gave  the 
most  convincing  evidence  of  tlie  vigor  of  his  pow- 
ers, and  of  the  variety  and  extent  of  his  erudition." 

Howell,  R.  B.  C,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wayne  Co., 
X.  C,  on  the  lUth  of  March,  1801,  and  died  in 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  Sunday,  April  5,  I8G8.  He 
commenced  preaching  about  1S2.5,  and  was  or- 
dained, in  1827,  in  Cumberland  Street  church, 
Norfolk,  Va.,  where  he  laborcil  until  1S34,  after 
which  he  came  to  Nashville.  Here  he  built  for 
the  First  Baptist  churcli  of  Nsishville  a  fine  house 
of  worship,  and  gathered  a  membership  of  over 
500.  He  resigned  April,  1850,  to  take  charge  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Richmond,  Va.,  in 
which  he  labored  until  the  19th  of  July,  1857, 
when  he  returned  to  the  scene  of  his  early  suc- 
cesses, where  he  had  acquired  the  reputation  of 
one  of  the  most  learned  and  eloquent  divines  in 
the  country.  Here  his  labors  were  again  attended 
with  the  same  blessings  that  crowned  his  efforts  in 
past  years,  until  paralysis  obliged  him  to  relin- 
quish the  pulpit  he  had  filled  so  acceptably  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  the  earlier 
days  of  his  ministry  he  had  to  contend  with  the 
anti-missionaries  of  his  own  denomination  and  with 
the  followers  of  Alexander  Campbell.  He  was 
often  found  in  debate  with  them  by  voice  and  pen, 
and  he  always  acquitted  himself  as  a  \oya.\  disciple 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  At  the  request  of  the 
Tennessee  Baptist  Convention,  in  1854,  he  wrote  a 
work  on  the  ''  Terms  of  Christian  Communion," 
of  456  pages,  which  ran  through  .several  editions 
in  this  country  and  three  or  four  in  England.  In 
1846  he  published  a  work  entitled '"  The  Deacon- 
ship:  its  Nature,  Qualifications,  Relations,  and 
Duties,"  which  was  issued  by  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society,  and  ran  rapidly  through 
six  editions.  "  The  Way  of  Salvation"  was  his  next 
literary  effort,  which  passed  through  several  edi- 
tions. A  small  work  entitled  "  The  Evils  of  In- 
fant Baptism,"  followed,  which  caused  a  good  deal 
of  newspaper  comment  from  Pedobaptist  denomina- 
tions. In  1854  he  was  the  author  of  a  work  enti- 
tled "  The  Cross,"  which  was  published  by  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society,  at  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  and  the  Virginia  Baptist  Sunday-School 
and  Publication  Society,  at  Richmond.  "The 
Covenants,"  published  by  the  same  societies,  was 
written  in  1856.  These  works  evince  a  high  order 
of  learning,  and  some  of  them  are  authorities  in 
the  Baptist  denomination.  His  scholarship  was 
universally  conceded.  He  was  educated  in  Co- 
lumbian College,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by 


Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  about  the  year  1844. 
Besides  the  works  of  Dr.  Howell  just  named,  he 
died  leaving  four  others  in  manuscript,  upon 
which  a  great  amount  of  thought  and  labor  were 
bestowed.  '"The  Early  Baptists  of  Virginia," 
written  in  1857,  was  printeil  by  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  Philadelphia,  for  his 
children,  and  is  the  only  one  of  the  four  that  has 
been  published.  As  a  minister,  he  was  regarded 
as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  learned  men  in  the 
South,  and  no  one  exercised  a  greater  or  more 
beneficial  influence  within  or  outside  of  the  church. 
Ilis  life  was  unspotted,  his  Christian  course  was 
marked  by  the  highest  virtues.  His  courtesy  and 
kindness  of  heart  made  him  a  universal  favorite, 
notwithstanding  the  fierce  theological  debates  in 
which  he  was  often  engaged.  He  was  a  thorough 
Baptist,  and  always  jealous  of  the  fair  fame  of  his 
denomination.  Dr.  Howell  was  for  many  years 
president  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
one  of  its  vice-presidents  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  had  filled  also  the  post  of  vice-president  of 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Tennessee, 
and  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
asylum  for  the  blind,  an  institution  endowed  and 
sustained  by  the  State  of  Tennessee.  He  adminis- 
tered the  ordinance  of  baptism  to  an  immense  num- 
ber of  people,  first  and  last,  during  the  long  course 
of  his  ministry.  His  death  occurred  on  Sunday, 
about  noon,  at  the  very  hour  in  which,  for  more 
than  forty  years,  he  had  stood  up  for  Jesus  in  the 
pulpit.  For  a  week  before  his  death  he  was  speech- 
less but  conscious.  He  knew  all  that  was  said 
around  him  ;  and  when  the  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Nashville  spoke  of  the  infinite  pity 
and  compassion  of  the  Saviour  for  his  su Bering 
servant,  he  burst  into  tears.  On  being  asked  if  he 
saw  Jesus,  he  answered  by  pointing  first  to  his 
heart  and  then  to  heaven. 

In  addition  to  the  positions  held  by  Dr.  Howell 
already  mentioned,  he  was  frequently  the  modera- 
tor of  the  Concord  Association  and  other  bodies. 
His  capacity  as  a  presiding  officer  of  deliberative 
bodies  was  rare. 

Howes,  Prof.  Oscar,  A.lff.,  was  bom  near  Car- 
mel,  N.  Y.,  April  20,  1.^3U ;  was  converted  while 
in  college ;  graduated  from  Madison  University  in 
1850;  spent  a  year  at  Rochester  University;  went 
to  Europe  in  1852,  and  was  abroad  two  years,  de- 
voting his  time,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  months 
spent  in  traveling,  to  the  study  of  the  German  and 
French  languages ;  in  1855  became  Professor  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Languages  in  Shurtleff  College ; 
in  186.3  made  a  second  visit  to  Europe,  spending 
six  months  at  Athens  in  the  study  of  the  Greek 
language,  ancient  and  modern,  attending  daily  lec- 
tures on  the  latter  at  the  University  of  Athens. 


HOWLEl'T 


552 


HOYT 


After  a  tour  through  Greece,  Egypt,  and  Piilestino 
he  returned  to  his  duties  at  ShurtlefF.  In  1874  he 
accepted  the  chair  of  Latin  and  Modern  Languages 
at  Madison  University,  where  he  still  labors.  He 
went  abroad  for  the  third  time  in  1878,  accompa- 
nied liy  his  family. 

Hewlett,  Rev.  Thomas  E.,  was  born  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire, England,  March  19,  1827.  He  was 
converted  in  Ricliticld,  O.,  when  fifteen.  He  grad- 
uated from  Madison  University  in  18.iG,  and  from 
the  seminary  in  1858.  He  has  been  pastor  in  New 
Brunswicic,  N.  J. ;  of  the  Pearl  Street  church, 
Albany,  N.  Y. ;  the  Central,  Trenton,  N.  J. ;  the  Cal- 
vary, Wasliington,  D.  C.  ;  in  Hudson  City,  N.Y.  ; 
and  of  the  Second  church  of  Plainfield,  N.  J. 
During  his  seven  years'  pastorate  in  Washington, 
the  Calvary  church  erected  and  paid  for  an  edifice 
costing  ?120,000.  Mr.  Howlett  is  an  able  preacher, 
a  sound  tlieologian,  a  successful  pastor,  and  a  genial 
and  loving  Christian.  In  every  way  fitted  to  liold 
the  conspicuous  positions  to  which  he  has  been 
called,  and  with  many  years  apparently  still  before 
him,  the  denomination  may  yet  expect  much  val- 
uable services  from  him. 

Hoyt,  CoL  James  A. — Modestly  declines  to  fur- 
nish any  material  for  a  biography.  This  notice 
will,  consequently,  be  "short.''  Nearly  fifty  years 
ago  the  first  Baptist  newspaper  was  published  in 
South  Carolina.  The  numerous  changes  of  name 
and  place,  proprietors  and  editors,  tell  the  sad  tale 
that  not  one  of  them  was  self-sustaining. 

In  1878,  Col.  Hoyt  became  proprietor  of  the 
Workintj  Christian,  published  in  Columbia.  He 
soon  after  removed  it  to  Greenville,  and  called  it 
the  Baptist  Courier.  It  has  gradually  improved 
until  he  has  a  paper  sustained  on  business  prin- 
ciples ;  and  the  brethren  owe  very  much  to  him 
and  his  cultured  coadjutor,  Rev.  J.  A.  Chambliss, 
D.D.,  for  giving  them  an  organ  amply  worthy  of 
the  lilieral  support  it  is  receiving. 

Col.  Hoyt  is  a  large-hearted  Christian  man,  who 
enjoys  the  warm  regards  of  all  Soutli  Carolina  Bap- 
tists, and  of  many  outside  our  denominational  fold. 
Hoyt,  James  M.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  .Jan.  10,  ISl.J:  graduated  from  Hamilton 
College  in  1834 ;  read  law  in  Utica  and  Cleve- 
land, 0. ;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  until  1853, 
when  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  development 
and  sale  of  real  estate.  In  1835  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Utica,  and  on  removing  to  Cleve- 
land became  connected  with  the  First  church  of 
tliat  city.  Fur  twenty-six  years  was  superintend- 
ent of  the  Sunday-school,  and  subsequently  teacher 
of  a  large  Bible-class.  In  1854  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  but  has  never  received  ordination. 

In  State  and  national  affairs  Dr.  Hoyt  has  been 
very  prominent.  In  1854  he  was  chosen  president 
of  tlie   Ohio   Baptist   State   Convention,   and   for 


twenty- five  years  was  annually  elected  to  that 
position.  He  was  also  chosen  president  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  was 
annually  re-elected  until  his  voluntary  retirement 


J.\MES    M.   noYT,   I.L.D. 

in  1870.  He  was  for  thirteen  years  president  of 
the  Cleveland  Bible  Society.  In  1870  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Equalization, 
— a  body  requiring  great  ability  and  worth.  In 
1873  he  was  appointed  to  represent  the  city  on  the 
Cleveland  Board  of  Public  Improvements. 

Dr.  Hoyt,  while  an  active  and  successful  lawyer 
and  business  man,  has  given  himself  largely  to 
literary  studies.  His  addresses  before  various  bodies 
have  always  evinced  wide  study  and  the  best  taste. 
He  published  in  the  Christian  Review,  October, 
1863,  an  analytical  and  exhaustive  article  on 
"  Miracles."  In  September,  1879,  he  also  pub- 
lished in  the  Bcqitist  Review  a  defense  of  the  in- 
tuitional philosophy,  entitled  '"Theism  Grounded 
in  Mind,"'  which  has  been  very  fovorably  received. 

Dr.  Hoyt  was  married  in  183G  to  Miss  Mary  Ella 
Beebee,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  Of  six  children 
born  of  this  union  five  are  still  living.  Their  eldest 
son,  'Wayland  Hoyt,  D.D.,  is  pastor  of  the  Strong 
Place  church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Their  second  son, 
Colgate  Hoyt,  is  in  business  with  his  father.  James 
11.  Hoyt,  their  third  son,  and  Elton  Hoyt,  their 
fourth  son,  are  practising  law.  In  1870  Denison 
University,  in  consideration  of  Dr.  Hoyt's  varied 
talents,  services,  and  learning,  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 

Hoyt,  Wayland,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cleveland, 


HUBBARD 


553 


HUBBARD 


O.,  Feb.  18, 1838.  In  1860  he  was  graduated  from 
Brown  University,  and  in  1863  from  llocheBter 
Theological  Seminary.  lie  was  ordained  over  the 
Baptist  church  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.    After  one  year 


^ 


WAVI.AND    IIOVT,   D.D. 


there  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  0.,  and  toolc  charge 
of  the  Ninth  Street  Baptist  church.  Three  years 
later  he  took  charge  of  the  Strong  Place  Baptist 
church,  Brooklyn.  It  was  a  large  and  influential 
church,  and  in  this  relation  began  the  development 
of  his  powers  as  a  profound  thinker,  a  scholarly 
writer,  and  an  able  preacher.  In  the  hope  of  es- 
tablishing a  great  Baptist  tabernacle  in  New  York, 
he  accepted  a  call  froui  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
church.  New  York,  and  commenced  services  in 
Steinway  Ilall.  It  promised  well  in  the  beginning, 
but  there  were  insurmountable  difficulties,  and  tlu' 
enterprise  was  abandoned,  lie  then  accepted  a 
call  to  Shawmut  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Boston, 
Mass.  The  Strong  Place  church,  Brooklyn,  re- 
called him  to  that  important  field,  where  he  now  la- 
bors. He  is  a  prolific  writer.  Ilis  contributions 
are  eagerly  sought  by  the  great  leading  journals 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  is  the  author  of 
"  Hints  and  Helps  of  the  Christian  Life,"  and  he 
is  about  to  bring  out  a  new  work,  the  subject  of 
which  is  not  announced. 

As  a  preacher,  he  is  earnest,  logical,  and  persua- 
sive. He  shows  that  he  has  thoroughly  investi- 
gated the  subject  of  his  discourse.  As  a  platform 
speaker,  he  is  ready,  clear,  and  forcible,  and  as  a 
pastor  he  is  faithful  and  successful. 

Hubbard,  Gov.  Richard  Bennett,  was  bom 
36 


Nov.  1,  1832,  in  Walton  Co.,  Ga. ;  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  at  Mercer  University,  Penfield. 
Ga.,  in  18.51  ;  pursued  the  law  course  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  and  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  in  the  Law  Department  of  Harvard  Uni- 
vorsitv,  Massachusetts;  commenced  practising  law 
at  Tyler,  Texas,  in  1854;  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  western  district  of  Texas 
liy  President  Franklin  Pierce  in  1856:  resigned 
this  office  to  accept  a  seat  in  the  State  Legislature 
of  Texas  in  185S-.5'J  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  conven- 
tion which  nominated  President -James  Buchanan: 
during  the  war  between  the  States  he  was  colonel 
of  the  22d  Regiment  of  Texas  Infantry;  in  1872 
was  a  Presidential  elector  ;  in  1874  was  president 
of  the  Democratic  State  convention  at  Austin ; 
during  the  same  year  was  elected  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  Texas,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office  in  1876  ;  delivered  by  ajipointment  Centennial 
oration  for  Texas  at  Philadelphia  in  1876  ;  became 
governor  of  Texas  Dec.  1,  1876.  All  his  ancestry 
and  his  immediate  family  belong  to  the  Baptist 
Cliurch.  "The  Baptists  are  the  people  of  his 
fathers."  At  fourteen  years  of  age  he  joined  the 
church  at  Liberty,  Jasper  Co.,  Ga. 

Gov.  Hubbard  is  one  of  n:xture's  noblemen.  He 
is  a  thoroughly  learned  lawyer,  an  able  statesman, 
and  an  orator  of  the  highest  order,  whose  utter- 
ances arouse  intense  enthusiasm  among  the  people. 


GOV.  RICHARD    BENNETT    HUBBARD. 

Ilis  administration  of  the  executive  office  was  re- 
markably popular  with  the  people,  and  had  he  been 
a  candidate  for  re-election  he  would  have  received 


HUBBARD 


554 


HUDSON 


fully  two-thirds  of  the  votes  of  the  people  at  the 
polls.  His  carnpstness  in  behalf  of  education, 
virtno,  philantliropy,  and  religion  make  him  a  iio|)- 
ular  favorite  ;  and  as  he  is  only  yet  in  the  prime 
of  his  powers,  a  lirilliant  and  useful  future  may  be 
anticipated  for  him. 

Hubbard,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  Boston, 
Mass..  Jan.  28,  1778.  His  early  associations  were 
not  with  Baptists,  his  parents  and  friends  being 
Episcopalians.  When  he  became  interested  in  the 
matter  of  his  personal  salvation,  he  was  brought 
under  the  ministry  of  Kev.  Dr.  Stillman,  and  he 
united  with  his  church.  J^ncouraged  by  his  pastor, 
he  prepared  for  his  life-work,  and  entered  upon 
itinerant  labors  in  Maine  and  Connecticut.  The 
churches  which  he  served  as  pastor  were  in  the 
western  part  of  Massachusetts,  at  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Middleborough, 
and  fourteen  yeai'S  were  spent  at  Goshen.  He  died 
at  Lakeville,  Mass.,  Jan.  .3,  1858. 

Hiibmaier,  Balthazar  (Friedberger,  Pacimon- 
tanus),  is  the  must  honorable  name  among  the 
Anabaptists.  He  had  not  the  impulsiveness  of 
Grebel,  nor  the  brilliancy  of  HUtzer  and  Denk  ;  but 
for  calmness,  soberness,  logical  clearness  and  con- 
sistency, ab.solute  devotion  to  truth,  and  freedom 
from  important  errors,  he  stands  unrivaled  by  any 
man  of  the  Reformation  time.  Born  in  14S0,  edu- 
cated at  the  University  of  Freiberg,  where  his  prin- 
cipal teacher  was  .John  Eck,  he  spent  some  years  in 
school-teaching,  then  became  tutor  at  Freiberg,  and 
in  1512  followed  Eck  to  Ingoldstadt,  where  he  be- 
came preacher  and  Professor  of  Theology.  Here 
he  was  created  Doctor  of  Theology.  In  1516  he 
was  called  to  be  preacher  in  the  cathedral  church 
in  Rcgensburg.  His  great  eloquence  led  to  this 
appointment.  Here  he  preached  so  powerfully 
against  the  .Jews  as  to  cause  their  expulsion  from 
the  city.  In  1519  he  declared  himself  for  Luther, 
and  was  driven  from  Regensburg.  In  1522  he  be- 
came pastor  at  Waldshut,  near  Zurich.  Here  ho 
■Was  among  the  most  zealous  of  the  supporters  of 
the  Zwinglian  doctrine  ;  but  soon  came  to  deny  the 
Scripturalness  of  infant  baptism.  In  1524  he  pub- 
lished eighteen  axioms  concerning  the  Christian 
life,  in  which  he  set  forth  his  reformatory  views, 
and  he  soon  secured  from  the  town  council  recog- 
nition and  protectiim  for  the  preachers.  His  writing 
on  "  Heretics  and  their  Burners'  soon  followed. 
In  this  he  shows  that  only  those  are  heretics  who 
contradict  the  Scriptures,  especially  the  devil  and 
the  papists.  This  is  the  earliest  and  clearest  plea 
for  liberty  of  conscience  of  the  Reformation  time. 
He  shows  that  heretics  can  be  overcome  by  instruc- 
tion only,  and  that  to  try  to  overcome  them  by 
violence  is  contrary  to  the  teachings  and  spirit  of 
Christ.  In  1525  he  wrote  against  infant  baptism, 
and   was   elaborately  answered   by  Zwingle   and 


CEcolampadius.  Hubmaier's  tract  against  infant 
baptism  is  an  admirable  production  alike  in  matter 
and  in  spirit.  The  straightforward  earnestness 
and  Christian  courtesy  of  HUbnuiier's  tract  are  in 
striking  contrast  with  the  sophistry  and  reviling  of 
Zwingle's  reply.  He  was  one  of  the  chief  participants 
in  the  disputations  with  Zwingle  during  this  year. 
Assured  of  the  support  of  the  civil  power,  Zwingle, 
on  these  occasions,  acted  the  part,  not  of  a  brother 
in  Christ,  but  of  a  lord,  and  by  his  air  of  superior 
wisdom  and  authority,  by  his  fluent  sophistry,  he 
easily  persuaded  the  members  of  the  council  that 
his  adversaries  had  been  fairly  vanquished.  Hiil)- 
maier  was  imprisoned  at  Ziirich,  where  he  suftered 
great  hardship.  Having  been  released  from  prison, 
he  went  to  Moravia  (152G),  where  Anabaptists 
alre.ady  existed  in  considerable  numbers.  At  Nic- 
olsburg  he  established  a  strong  church,  and  pub- 
lished in  quick  succession  a  large  number  of  tracts 
on  ordinances,  worship,  and  doctrine.  Most  of 
these  have  been  preserved,  and  are  among  the 
choicest  products  of  the  Anabaptist  movement.  In 
1527  he  was  taken  to  Vienna  and  thrown  into 
prison.  In  1528  he  died  heroically  at  the  stake,  a 
martyr  to  his  Baptist  principles. 

Huckins,  B.ev.  James,  was  one  of  the  best  men 
the  writer  has  ever  known.  He  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  April,  1807.  He  was  left  an  orphan 
at  four  or  five  years  of  age,  and  was  baptized  at 
fourteen.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University  at  an 
early  age.  He  went  among  the  first  Baptist  min- 
isters to  Texas,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society.  His  singular  insight  into  human 
character,  his  high  courage  tempered  finely  with 
gentleness,  and,  what  is  no  less  important,  his  tact, 
fitted  hira  peculiarly  for  usefulness  among  the  fron- 
tiersmen. 

After  many  years  of  incessant  and  successful 
labor  as  a  missionary,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Galveston,  where  his  influence  over  all 
classes  was  both  wide  and  deep.  The  esteem  in 
which  he  was  held  was  manifested  by  the  presenta- 
tion of  a  heavy  pitcher  and  pair  of  goblets  of  solid 
silver,  on  his  departure,  from  the  citizens  at  large. 

In  1859  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Went- 
worth  Street  Baptist  church,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Here  he  was  ready  for  every  good  word  and  work, 
especially  among  the  poor.  From  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war  his  labors  in  the  hospitals  in  and 
around  Charleston  were  incessant,  and  in  the 
double  toils  of  pastor  and  chaplain  he  fell  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1863. 

Hudson,  Hon.  Nathaniel  C,  was  bom  in  St. 
.Johnsbury,  Vt.,  Oct.  9,  1828.  After  receiving  a 
common  school  education,  he  entered  Leiand  Semi- 
inary,  Vt.,  and  prepared  for  the  Sophomore  class  in 
college,  but  went  south  for  his  health.  In  1852  he 
took  charge  of  Twiggs  Academy,  in  Georgia,  where 


HUFF 


555 


HVFHAM 


he  proved  a  popular   teacher.     He   studied  law, 

came  north,  entered  the  National  Law  School  at 
Poughkeepsie,  and  jjraduated  in  1855.  lie  then 
removed  to  Iowa,  and  entered  upon  his  profession 
at  Sioux  City.  He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  18G6. 
Mr.  Hudson  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1874  from  St.  Louis,  and  served  on  important 
committees.  In  187G  he  was  elected  a  senator  to 
the  General  Assembly  of  Missouri,  and  served  on 
the  committees  of  Ways  and  Means,  Penitentiary, 
Bank  and  Corporations,  Insurance,  and  Constitu- 
tional Amendments.  lie  is  courteous,  frank,  out- 
spoken, cordial,  and  popular.  His  business  rela- 
tions are  marked  by  integrity,  and  his  church 
duties  by  fidelity.-  He  is  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  churrli  of  St.  Louis. 

Huff,  Rev.  Jonathan,  a  useful  minister  of  the 
Ilephzibah  Association,  was  born  in  Warren  Co., 
Ga.,  in  August,  1789.  Licensed  by  Little  Brier 
Creek  church,  he  was  ordained  in  1823.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  moderator  of  the  Hephzibah  Asso- 
ciation, in  which  capacity  he  served  for  thirteen 
years  consecutively.  His  practical  good  sense  and 
sterling  integrity  and  unaffected  piety  gained  him 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  brethren.  For 
thirty-one  years  he  was  pastor  of  Ways  church, 
and  of  Reedy  Creek  cliurch  he  was  pastor  thirty- 
seven  years  consecutively.  In  addition  he  labored 
with  other  churches  to  an  extent  which  always  oc- 
cupied his  whole  time.  A  faithful  student  of  the 
Bible,  he  was  a  safe  expounder  of  its  teachings; 
conscientious  and  tender  of  spirit,  he  was  touching 
in  his  addresses  to  the  unconverted  ;  and  hence  he 
was  very  successful  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus  and 
in  IjuiUling  up  churches  that  were  sound  in  the 
faith.  He  was  indomitably  persevering,  and  pos- 
sessed an  equanimity  that  nothing  could  disturb. 
He  was  usually  slow  of  speech,  yet  few  men  have 
accomplished  more  good  or  exerted  a  wider  influ- 
ence. He  was  an  ardent  and  intelligent  supporter 
of  the  missionary  and  temperance  causes,  and  heart- 
ily co-operated  with  the  denomination  in  its  benevo- 
lent enterprises.  He  died  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
hirthplace  on  the  25th  of  November,  1872,  at  the 
age  of  eighty-three. 

Hofham,  Rev.  Geo.  W. — Among  the  older 
living  ministers  of  North  Carolina  is  the  Rev.  Geo. 
AV.  Ilufham,  who  was  born  in  1804;  baptized  in 
1830  by  Rev.  Geo.  Fennell,  began  to  preach  soon 
after,  and  has  served  many  of  the  churches  of  Samp- 
son and  Duplin  Counties.  Mr.  Ilufham  is  a  gentle- 
man of  respectable  learning,  and  in  his  youth  was  a 
popular  preacher.  Ill  health  has  prevented  him 
from  preacliing  as  much  as  his  heart  desired.  Hon- 
ored and  loved,  this  good  man  is  resting  in  the 
Beulah  Land,  waiting  for  the  call  to  pass  over  the 
river. 

Hofham,  J.  D.,  D.D.     The  son  of  an  esteemed 


minister.  Dr.  Ilufham  is  one  of  the  most  noted  of 
the  living  ministers  of  North  Carolina.  He  was 
born  in  Duplin  Co.,  N.  C,  .May  20,  1834  ;  was  fitted 


J.   D.   lUFKAM,   D.D. 

for  college  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sprunt,  of  Keenansville  ; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1856 ;  was 
baptized  at  the  college  by  Dr.  Wingate  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1855,  and  ordained  in  1857,  Revs.  A.  Guy, 
B.  F.  Marable,  and  L.  F.  Williams  comprising  the 
Presbytery.  In  1801  he  purchased  the  Biblical 
Recorder,  which  he  conducted  with  distinguished 
success  till  the  close  of  1867.  For  three  years  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Lanyino  Creek  church,  Camden 
Co.  He  then  became  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Baptist  State  Convention,  and,  after  four  years' 
service  in  this  position,  liocame  pastor  of  the  Second 
church  of  Raleigh  and  associate  editor  of  the  Bibli- 
cal Recorder.  For  the  past  three  years  Dr.  Iluf- 
ham has  labored  in  Scotland  Neck,  and  the  ad- 
jacent country  for  a  hundred  miles  up  and  down 
the  Roanoke  River,  and  so  remarkable  have  been 
the  results  of  his  efforts,  that  it  may  be  truly  said 
that,  though  always  active  and  useful,  he  never  did 
such  effective  service  in  the  cause  of  Christ  as  now. 
Dr.  Ilufham  is  a  ripe  scholar,  refined  and  critical  in 
his  t.astes,  a  born  editor,  and  the  prince  of  agents. 
He  never  seems  so  happy  as  when  managing  an 
Association  or  taking  up  a  collection.  He  is  the 
author  of  an  admirable  memoir  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Prich- 
ard,  is  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College,  and  was 
for  many  years  recording  secretary  of  the  State 
Convention.  He  received  his  D.D.  from  his  alma 
mater  in  1877. 


HUGHES 


536 


HULL 


Hughes,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  London, 
Jan.  1,  17tJ9.  He  was  bajitized  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Stennett  into  the  fellow.sliip  of  the  church  in  Little 
Wild  Street  in  his  native  city,  lie  studied  for  the 
ministry  at  Bristol  College,  and  at  Aberdeen  and 
Edinburgh,  in  Scotland.  He  -was  ordained  in  Bat- 
tersea  in  1797.  lie  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
Religious  Tract  Society  of  London  in  1799,  and 
continued  to  discharge  the  duties  of  that  office 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

In  1S02  the  Rev.  Thomas  Charles,  of  Bala,  in 
AVales,  came  to  London  to  secure,  through  private 
friends,  a  supply  of  Welsh  Bibles,  lie  appeared 
before  the  committee  of  the  Religious  Tract  Society, 
and  his  appeal  was  the  subject  of  deliberation  at 
several  of  their  meetings.  At  one  of  these  meet- 
ings Mr.  Hughes  suggested  that  Wales  was  not  the 
only  part  of  the  empire  destitute  of  the  written 
Word  of  Gild  and  requiring  assistance  ;  that  Great 
Britain  itself  was  not  the  only  part  of  Christendom 
which  needed  to  be  supplied :  and  that  it  might  be 
desirable  to  form  a  society  which,  while  it  met  the 
demands  of  Wales  and  the  necej^sities  of  all  parts 
of  the  British  Islands,  might  be  comprehensive 
enough  to  embrace  within  its  scope  the  entire  world. 
Mr.  Hughes  was  recommended  to  embody  his 
thoughts  in  writing.  In  compliance  with  the  re- 
quest he  prepared  his  celebrated  paper  entitled 
"  The  Excellency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures."  In  this 
document  Mr.  Iliiglies  earnestly  advocated  the  im- 
portance of  forming  an  association  of  Christians 
of  all  denominations  with  the  sole  object  of  giving 
the  Word  of  Life  to  the  nations.  The  paper  was 
widely  circulated,  and  the  plan  was  approved  im- 
mediately by  large  numbers.  After  various  pre- 
liminary arrangements,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the 
"  London  Tavern,"  March  7,  1804,  consisting  of 
about  three  hundred  persons  belonging  to  various 
denominations,  at  which  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  was  formally  organized,  and  Mr. 
Hughes  appointed  one  of  its  secretaries.  This  was 
the  first  Bible  Society  in  the  world,  and  the  parent 
of  all  similar  institutions  everywhere.  This  noble 
organization  received  its  origin  and  its  very  name 
from  a  Baptist.  (History  of  the  British  and  For- 
eign Bible  Society,  vol.  i.  pp.  4-9.  London,  1859.) 
The  thought  that  started  this  society  on  its  career 
of  usefulness  and  power  was  placed  in  the  mind  of 
our  Baptist  Ijrother  by  the  Comforter,  the  Guardian 
Spirit  of  revelation,  and  of  the  redeemed  race. 

In  1833  Mr.  Hughes  entered  the  eternal  rest. 
The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  passed  reso- 
lutions expressing  in  the  most  touching  and  elo- 
quent terms  their  appreciation  of  his  exalted  worth, 
and  of  the  sreat  loss  their  institution  had  suffered 
in  his  death.  Evangelical  Christians  in  throngs 
lamented  the  demise  of  one  of  the  most  useful  men 
that  had  toiled  for  centuries  for  the  spread  of  pure 


truth.  The  well-known  Jay,  of  Bath,  said  of  him, 
"I  am  thankful  for  my  intimacy  with  him.  My 
esteem  for  him  always  grew  with  my  intercourse. 
I  never  knew  a  more  consistent,  correct,  and  un- 
blemished character.  He  was  not  only  sincere, 
but  without  offense,  and  he  adorned  the  doctrine 
of  God  our  Saviour  in  all  tilings."  His  long  pas- 
torate at  Battersea  was  a  great  blessing  to  the 
churcli  which  he  loved,  and  by  which  to  the  last  he 
was  tenderly  cherished,  and  it  was  only  terminated 
by  his  death. 

Hughes,  Rowland. — This  excellent  brother  had 
considerable  property,  which  he  used  largely  for 
benevolent  purposes.  Mr.  Hughes  was  gentle  in 
spirit  and  conservative  in  his  views  ;  he  was  ready 
for  every  good  work,  and  he  had  the  confidence  of 
all  his  brethren  and  their  highest  esteem.  After  a 
protracted  and  painful  illness  he  died  of  typhoid 
fever,  Feb.  7,  185.5.  Tlie  Baptists  of  Missouri. 
where  he  so  long  lived,  cherish  his  memory  with 
great  love. 

Hulbert,  E.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Chicago,  111., 
July  Ifi,  1841,  and  was  baptized  at  Burlington 
Flats,  X.  J.,  in  18.')4.  Entering  Madison  Univer- 
sity, he  continued  in  study  there  through  his  Ju- 
nior year,  taking  his  Senior  year  at  Union  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1863,  and  at  the  theological 
seminary  in  Hamilton  in  1865.  His  first  service 
was  in  connection  with  the  Christian  Commission, 
in  Grant's  army,  while  before  Richmond,  contin- 
uing in  this  until  the  close  of  the  war.  For  three 
years  from  September,  1865,  he  was  pastor  at  Man- 
chester, N.  H.  In  November,  1868.  be  began  labor 
with  the  Rolling  Mills  Mission  at  Chicago,  and  con- 
tinued there  until  its  organization  as  a  church,  in 
March,  1870.  In  that  year  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  First  Baptist  church,  St.  Paul,  Minn. ;  in  1S74 
was  invited  to  the  First  Baptist  church,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.;  and  in  1878  became  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church.  Chicago.  Dr.  Hulbert  as  a 
thoughtful,  earnest,  inspiring  preacher,  has  great 
power  with  intelligent  congregations,  while  as  a 
lecturer  before  the  theological  semin.iry  at  Chicago, 
as  well  as  before  ministers'  institutes,  he  has  devel- 
oped rare  facility  in  handling  profound  and  weighty 
subjects. 

Hull,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Manchester,  Nova 
Scotia.  He  was  converted  there  in  1819;  engaged 
in  missionary  labor  in  Cape  Breton  in  1821.  where 
spirituality  in  religion  was  very  little  known  or 
recognized.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph  Dim- 
ock  in  1825,  and  ordained  at  Wilmot.  Nova  Scotia, 
June  28,  1826.  He  died  Aug.  13,  1829,  at  Sydney, 
Cape  Breton. 

Hull,  Rev.  Robert  Bruce,  pastor  of  the  Taber- 
nacle church  of  New  York  City,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1841,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire,  Scotland.  His  parents 
shortly  after  his  birth  removed  to  Liverpool,  Eng- 


EU.VBLE 


5.V 


HUME 


land,  and  after  remaining  there  a  few  years  came  I 
to  America  and  settled  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where 
they  now  reside.  His  father,  Robert  Hull,  while 
in  Liverpool,  was  one  of  the  preaehers  to  a  Scoteh 
Baptist  church  in  that  city.  In  June,  1860,  Robert  j 
B.  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Cedar 
.Street  Baptist  church  of  Buffiilo.  He  went  to  Ten- 
nessee in  1804,  and  there,  with  a  relative,  entered 
into  business.  Soon  the  conviction  crew  upon  him 
tliat  he  must  preach  the  gospel,  and  closing  up  a 
prosperous  establishment,  he  returned  to  Buffalo 
to  prepare  for  college.  This  w.as  done,  under  a  pri- 
vate tutor,  in  one  year.  In  September,  1867,  he 
entered  the  University  of  Rochester.  While  in  his 
Freshman  year  he  took  charge  of  a  mission  Sunday- 
school,  near  the  city,  where,  on  Sunday  evening, 
Feb.  16,  1868,  he  preached  his  first  sermon.  God 
set  his  seal  on  the  work,  and  about  twenty  persons 
were  converted.  Finding  that  the  preparation  of 
sermons  interfered  with  college  studies,  he  ceased 
to  preach,  except  in  his  vacations.  His  course  in 
college  was  successful.  He  took  the  second  prize 
for  declamation  in  his  Sophomore  year;  was 
honorably  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Greek 
prize,  and  also  for  extra  studies  in  French  in  his 
Junior  ye.ir  -.  and  received  a  first  prize  for  the 
Senior  prize  essay  at  his  graduation.  He  then  en- 
tered the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  and 
preached  through  the  entire  course,  chiefly  at  Roy- 
alton  and  Dansville,  N.  Y.  He  supplied  the  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  Baptist  church  during  his  Senior  year 
in  the  seminary,  and  accepted  a  unanimous  call  to 
become  its  pastor  on  his  graduation.  During  this 
year  a  revival  took  place,  and,  at  the  request  of  the 
church,  he  was  ordained  Feb.  17,  1874.  Over  100 
were  baptized  as  the  result  of  the  revival.  He  con- 
tinued his  studies,  and  graduated  in  May,  1874. 
During  his  pastorate  at  Lockport,  the  accessions  to 
the  church  by  baptism  were  continuous.  Its  mem- 
bership was  more  than  doubled.  In  March,  1877, 
the  Tabernacle  church  of  Xew  Y^ork,  hearing  of  his 
success,  unanimously  invited  him  to  become  its 
pastor.  He  accepted  the  call,  and  is  now  the 
honored  successor  of  Everts,  Lathrop,  Kendrick, 
Hoyt.  and  Hawthorne. 

Humble,  Rev.  Henry,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  .South  Carolina  in  176.')  ; 
settled  in  Catahoula  Parish,  La.,  1822,  and  in  1826 
gathered  the  First  church  on  the  Ouachita  ;  was 
moderator  of  the  Louisiana  Association  in  1828, 
and  the  following  year  died  while  attending  the 
Association. 

Humble,  Rev.  Thos.  J.,  the  leading  minister 
of  the  Ouachita  Baptist  Association  in  Louisiana, 
was  born  in  Caldwell  Parish,  La.,  in  1829  ;  has 
long  been  the  efficient  clerk  of  his  Association,  and 
frequently  its  moderator. 

Hume,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev. 


Thomas  Hume,  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  who,  soon 
after  his  gradu.ation  from  the  university  of  that 
city,  and  his  ordination  as  a  minister  of  the  Es- 
tablished (Presbyterian)  Church,  removed  to  the 
United  States.  Having  settled  in  Virginia,  he 
married  there,  and  united  to  the  duties  of  his  sacred 
calling  the  office  of  classical  teacher.  His  only 
child,  Thomas,  was  Vjorn  in  Siiiitlifield,  Isle  of 
Wight  Co.,  Va.,  March  15,  1812.  The  sudden 
death  of  the  father,  while  in  the  act  of  preaching 
the  opening  sermon  as  moderator  of  the  Baltimore 
Presbytery,  occurred  when  the  son  was  scarcely  six 
years  of  age.  His  education  was  interrupted  in  his 
sixteenth  year  by  his  acceptance  of  an  assistant's 
place  in  a  store  in  Petersburg,  Va.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and 
joined  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Petersburg.  His 
marked  decision  of  character,  his  intellectual 
sprightliness,  and  his  earnest  piety  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  devoted  church,  and  he  was  soon 
licensed  to  preach.  After  a  brief  but  fruitful 
training  at  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary  (now 
Richmond  College),  he  made  his  first  attempt  at 
preaching  in  Chesterfield  Co.,  Va.  Just  before  his 
twenty-first  year,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Court  Street  Baptist  church,  Portsmouth,  Va., 
which  was  then  small  in  niiinbers  and  influence, 
as  well  as  burdened  with  temporal  ami  spiritual 
troubles.  His  modest  and  scrupulous  reluctance 
was  overcome  by  the  kind  importunities  of  the 
community,  and  the  rapid  growth  of  the  church,  as 
indicated  by  the  erection  of  a  spacious  and  elegant 
house  of  worship  within  four  years  after  his  instal- 
lation, and  by  the  increase  of  the  membership  from 
a  mere  handful  to  650.  proved  the  wisdom  of  his 
choice.  During  this  pastorate  of  nearly  twenty- 
five  years,  his  enlightened  public  spirit,  his  finan- 
cial knowledge  and  administrative  talent,  gave  him 
great  influence  in  the  commercial  and  charitable 
enterprises  of  the  city.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Seaboard  and  Roanoke  Railroad  Company,  presi- 
dent of  the  Providence  Society,  general  superin- 
tendent of  education  in  Portsmouth  and  Norfolk 
Counties,  president  of  the  Portsmouth  Insurance 
Company,  and  prominently  connected,  also,  with 
other  institutions.  His  reputation  and  usefulness 
in  the  denomination  are  attested  by  the  number 
of  important  positions  to  which  he  was  called.  As 
president  of  the  Virginia  Baptist  Bible  Board,  clerk 
.and  president  of  the  Portsmouth  Baptist  Associa- 
tion, president  of  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  Virginia,  trustee  of  the  Columbian  College  (from 
which  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.). 
and  of  Richmond  College,  owner  (in  part)  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Chesapeake  Female  College,  organizer 
and  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Street  Baptist  church,  Nor- 
folk. Va.,  he  was  constantly  active  in  the  service 
of  God  and  man.     His  self-sacrificing  interest  in 


HUME 


558 


HUMPHREY 


the  community  to  \vliii;h  lie  gave  his  consecrated 
life  is  specially  reniembereil  in  connection  with  the 
yellow-fever  epidemic,  which,  in  1855,  desolated 
tlie  twin  cities  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth.  lie  was 
the  fearless,  faithful  pastor  tlirouiiliout  all  those 
sad  and  weary  months,  and  the  special  guardian 
and  frienil  of  the  many  orphans,  while  his  complete 
exemption  in  his  own  person  from  the  pestilence 
enabled  him  to  multiply  his  nsefiilness  in  every 
direction.  As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Hume  was  marked 
for  Scriptural  soundness  of  doctrine,  s])iritual  unc- 
tion and  pathos,  and  by  practical  wisdom.  Great 
revivals  of  religion  in  his  earlier  ministry  accom- 
panied the  orderly  and  successful  administration 
of  the  work  of  the  church  and  Sunday-school ;  while 
his  fiiiani-ial  skill  was  such  as  to  distinguish  him 
not  only  in  his  profession,  but  al.so  in  business 
circles,  yet  the  sincere  fervor  of  his  piety  restrained 
his  undue  absorption  in  worldly  affairs,  and  kept 
his  character  and  his  reputation  alike  unsullied. 
In  the  vigorous  maturity  of  his  powers,  he  became 
suddenly  enfeebled  after  exposure  in  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Memorial  Campaign  of  1ST2,  and  after  two 
years  died,  lamented  and  beloved  by  all  who  knew 
him. 

Hume,  Rev.  Thomas,  Jr.,  son  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Hume  and  Mary  Ann  Gregory  Hume, 
was  born  in  Portsmouth,  Va.,  Oct.  21,  1836.  He 
enjoyed  excellent  opportunities  both  at  home  and 
at  the  collegiate  institute  of  the  city.  At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  entered  Richmond  College,  where  he 
obtained  the  degree  of  A.B.,  followed  by  that  of 
A.M.  His  studies  were  continued  at  the  Uni- 
vei'sity  of  Virginia,  where,  after  graduation  in  sev- 
eral schools,  his  course  was  interrupted  by  a  serious 
illness.  While  at  the  university  he  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  The  Literary  Magazine,  and  president  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  As  he 
purposed  devoting  himself  to  the  business  of  teach- 
ing, he  accepted  the  professorship  of  Latin,  French, 
and  English  Literature  in  Chesapeake  Female  Col- 
lege, near  Old  Point  Comfort,  but  had  not  fairly 
commenced  work  when  the  war  broke  up  that 
prosperous  institution.  During  his  residence  there 
the  church  in  Portsmouth,  of  which  he  was  a  mem- 
ber, corresponded  with  him  with  regard  to  his  duty 
to  enter  the  ministry,  and  learning  that  his  in- 
formal services  with  the  Christian  Association  bad 
been  blessed,  urged  upon  him  the  propriety  of  ac- 
cepting a  license  to  preach.  Having  entered  the 
Confederate  service  at  the  opening  of  the  war,  he 
■was  soon  called  by  the  3d  Va.  (Infantry)  Regi- 
ment to  officiate  for  them,  and  he  received  an  ap- 
pointment as  their  chaplain.  The  authorities, 
however,  soon  transferred  him  to  the  post-chap- 
lainey  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  a  very  important  hospi- 
tal station,  around  which  the  lines  of  a  protracted 
siege  were  fast  closing. 


Since  the  war  Mr.  Hume  has  been  at  various 
times  principal  of  the  Petersburg  Classical  Insti- 
tute (at  the  same  time  supplying  country  pulpits 
In  Sussex  and  Chesterfield  Counties,  Va.),  Professor 
of  Languages  and  Literature  in  Koanoke  Female 
College,  Danville,  Va.,  pastor  of  the  Danville  Bap- 
tist church,  and  of  the  Cumberland  Baptist  church, 
Norfolk,  Va.,  and  Professor  of  the  Knglish  Lan- 
guage and  Literature  In  the  Norfolk  (Fennile) 
Collegiate  Institute.  His  Interest  in  literary  pur- 
suits, especially  in  English  studies,  has  accom- 
panied but  not  interfered  with  his  regular  devotion 
to  the  higher  work  of  the  ministry.  Mr.  Hume  Is 
an  earnest  and  forcible  preacher  and  a  successful 
pastor.  As  a  writer  he  is  vigorous,  classical,  and 
chaste,  and  among  the  younger  of  the  Virginia 
ministers  is  marked  for  his  genial  social  quali- 
ties, his  intellectual  acuteness,  and  his  accurate 
and  varied  attiiinnients. 

Humphrey,  Hon.  Friend,  was  born  in  Sims- 
bury,  Couu.,  March  8,  1787  ;  at  nineteen  he  was 


HON.   FRIE.VD    niMI'liriEV. 

converted  and  baptized;  In  1810  he  removed  to 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  commenced  business  for  him- 
self; in  1811  he  was  one  of  the  constituent  mem- 
bers of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  his  adopted 
city ;  in  183-1  he  was  one  of  the  constituent  mem- 
bers of  the  Pearl  Street  church.  He  was  several 
terms  mayor  of  Albany.  He  was  .also  a  member 
of  the  State  senate.  He  was  a  man  of  great  courage 
In  times  of  pestilence,  and  as  unselfish  as  he  was 
brave.  Ills  liberality  was  universal;  "no  im- 
provement, no  enterprise,  no   mission,  no  charity 


HUMPHREY 


559 


HUXTIXGTOK 


that  commended  itself  to  the  wise  and  liberal,"  was 
without  his  aid.  It  is  supposed  that  his  contribu- 
tions to  benevolent  objects  reached  S10().(J<J<J.  "  lie 
was  a  noble  specimen  of  a  man,  a  universal  philan- 
thropist. Tlie  ni^me  of  Friend  Humphrey  will 
never  be  forgotten  in  Albany."  He  died  .March 
14,  1854.  The  stores  of  the  city  were  closed  during 
the  services  at  his  funeral  ;  a  profound  stillness 
showed  the  love  and  sorrow  of  .\lbany  ;  tlie  city 
government  and  a  large  concourse  of  people  fol- 
lowed the  remains  to  their  last  resting-place,  and 
tears  fell  from  many  eyes. 

Humphrey,  Rev.  Luther,  was  born  in  Glover, 
Vt.,  Aug.  ly,  liSOS;  died  at  Augusta,  Wis.,  Aug. 
17,  1871) :  educated  at  Potsdam  Academy  and  at 
Amherst  College.  After  teaching  as  the  principal 
of  Southport  Academy,  X.  Y.,  he  prosecuted  a 
course  of  theological  study  at  Hamilton,  \.  Y.  He 
was  settled  as  pastor  at  Lorraine,  Covington,  and 
Massena,  in  New  York,  and  at  Mazouianie  and 
Augusta.  AVis.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  not 
in  the  active  work  of  the  ministry  owing  to  en- 
feebled health . 

Humpstone,  Rev,  John,  was  boin  in  Manches- 
ter, England,  May  4,  1850.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev. 
William  Humpstone,  and  came  to  America  with 
his  father  when  a  lad.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he 
assisted  his  father  in  public  worship  in  Music  Hall, 
Worcester,  England,  by  reading  from  the  pulpit 
the  Scriptures  and  the  hymns,  thus  forecasting  the 
work  of  his  life.  On  the  25th  of  December,  lcH(>4, 
he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Cheshire,  and  became 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Falls  of  Schuyl- 
kill, Philadelphia.  A  few  months  later  he  gave 
promise  of  usefulness  by  the  delivery  of  an  address 
of  remarkable  ability  for  one  of  his  age.  In  1871 
he  was  graduateil  from  Lewisbiirg  University,  and 
in  1874  from  Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  Before 
his  studies  were  completed  he  was  compelled  to 
leave  school  for  a  year,  during  which  time  lie  sup- 
plied the  church  in  (ialway.  N.  Y.  A  revival  was 
the  result,  and  43  converts  desired  to  be  baptized 
by  him,  and  for  this  reason  !\  council  was  called 
and  he  was  ordained  at  Galway  in  1873.  His  first 
pastorate  was  at  Manayunk.  Philadelphia,  where 
he  was  settled  in  1874.  In  1877  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Calvary  Baptist  church,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  where 
at  the  present  writing  his  labors  are  greatly  blessed. 

Hunt,  Rev.  Abraham  S.,  A.M.,  was  bom  near 
I'igby,  Nova  .Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  in  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick ;  graduated  from  Acadia 
College,  .June,  1844;  ordained  at  Dartmouth  the 
following  November;  became  co-pastor,  in  1847, 
with  the  venerable  Edward  Manning,  of  the  Corn- 
wallis  church,  and  his  successor  in  1851  ;  returned 
to  Dartmouth  in  1869;  appointed  superintendent 
of  education  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1870,  and  consci- 
entiously performed  his  duties  till  he  died,  in  1877. 


Hunt,  Rev.  George,  was  bom  in  Fayette  Co., 
Ky.,  .June  9,  ls31.  He  united  with  East  Hickman 
Baptist  church  in  1844  ;  was  educated  at  George- 
town College,  and  graduated  in  1849.  He  was  or- 
dained to  the  pastorate  of -MaysvilU;  Baptist  church 
in  18.50.  In  1858  he  was  elected  Professor  of  The- 
ology in  Georgetown  College,  where  he  remained 
until  1861.  In  1862  he  was  elected  president  of 
Bethel  College,  and  occupied  the  position  two  years. 
He  has  since  been  pastor  of  Main  Street  Bapitist 
church,  in  Bowling  Green,  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington,  the  church  at  Versailles,  and  is  now 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Hillsborough,  Woodford 
Co.,  all  in  Kentucky.  He  has  baptized  about  400 
persons  into  the  churches  of  which  he  has  been 
pastor.  He  is  now  conducting  a  school  at  Ver- 
sailles in  connection  with  his  pastoral  work. 

Hunt,  Judge  Joseph  D.,  was  born  in  Fayette 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  1838.  He  is  a  brother  of  Rev.  George 
Hunt,  who,  on  the  death  of  their  father,  became 
his  guardian  and  superintended  his  education.  He 
graduated  with  the  honors  of  a  class  of  forty-nine 
at  Center  College,  Ky.,  in  1857.  He  graduated  in 
the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Louisville. 
In  1862  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  a.s  a  vol- 
unteer, and  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
On  the  return  of  peace  he  resumed  his  profession. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Leslie  judge  of 
the  tenth  judicial  district  of  Kentucky  to  fill  a 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  .Judge  Thomas.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  by  the  people  to  the  same  po- 
sition and  served  six  years,  but  declined  re-election 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  He  is  an  hon- 
ored member  of  East  Hickman  Baptist  church. 

Huntington,  Adoniram    Judson,    D.D.,    the 

youngest  son  of  the  Kiv.  Elijah  Huntington,  was 
born  in  Braintree,  \t.,  July  6,  1818.  Though  he 
lost  his  father  before  he  was  ten  years  of  age,  yet 
he  was  blessed,  during  his  boyhood  and  youth,  with 
the  careful  guidance  of  a  mother  eminent  for  pru- 
dence and  tenderness,  and  for  consistent  and  earnest 
piety.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Braintree,  of  which  his  father 
was  for  a  long  period  the  pastor.  He  entered,  in 
September,  1837,  the  Freshman  cliuss  in  Brown 
University.  Here  he  remained  less  than  a  month, 
on  account  of  that  ill  health  which  had  before,  as 
it  has  often  since,  been  a  serious  obstacle  to  his  in- 
tellectual pursuits,  and  from  this  cause  he  was 
compelled  to  suspend  his  studies  for  an  entire  year, 
the  latter  part  of  which  he  spent  with  a  very  kind 
relative  and  benefactor,  the  late  Dr.  Eleazer  Parmly. 
in  the  city  of  New  York.  In  the  pleasant  home  of 
this  gentleman  he  passed  also  the  following  year, 
at  the  game  time  pursuing  his  studies  as  a  member 
of  the  Freshman  class  of  the  Columbia  College. 
In  this  class  he  attained  the  second  place  in  schol- 
arship, the  Hon.  A.  S.  Hewitt  having  occupied  the 


nUN'riNGTON 


560 


HUNTINGTON 


first.  In  September,  1839,  he  returned  to  Brown 
University,  whore  he  spent  tlie  Sophomore  and  a 
part  of  the  Junior  year,  when  failing  health  made 
it  necessary  for  liim  again  to  leave  college.     Soon 


ADONIR.VM    JUDSOX    HUNTINGTON,  D.D. 

afterwards  he  engaged  as  a  teacher,  as  in  those 
days  so  many  Northern  students  were  accustomed 
to  do,  in  the  more  genial  climate  of  the  South,  and 
in  this  occupation  passed  a  year  and  a  half  in  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  Va.  Fearing  the  rigors  of  a  Northern 
climate,  he  completed  his  collegiate  course  at  the 
Columbian  College,  I).  C,  where  he  graduated  in 
October,  1.S43.  Immediately  after  he  became  tutor 
in  the  same  institution  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  lan- 
guages. In  June,  1844,  he  married  Miss  Bettie  G. 
Christian,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  R.  A.  Christian,  of 
Middlesex  Co.,  Va.  Having  filled  the  office  of 
tutor  for  three  years,  he  was  elected  professor  of 
the  same  departments,  and  after  filling  this  position 
with  great  success  for  three  years,  he  resigned  it 
for  the  purpose  of  entering  upon  what  he  regarded 
as  the  chosen  vocation  of  his  life, — the  ministry  of 
the  gospel, — and  was  ordained  in  June,  1849.  His 
first  pastoral  charge  was  in  Lexingtnn,  Va.,  which 
he  relinquished  (and  to  which  he  was  afterwards 
again  invited)  for  a  wider  field  of  labor  in  Chelsea, 
Mass.  After  a  year  of  successful  service  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  this  place  (having  been 
called  also  at  a  later  period  to  the  Carey  Avenue 
Baptist  church  of  Chelsea),  he  received  an  unso- 
licited invitation  to  resume  his  former  professorship 
in  the  Columbian  College,  which,  from  considera- 
tions of  health,  he  accepted.     After  occupying  this 


chair  for  seven  years  he  again  retired  from  it,  in 
1859,  in  hopes  of  being  able  to  resume  the  duties 
of  the  ministry.  After  spending  between  one  and 
two  years  in  Farinville,  Va.,  where  his  labors  wore 
signally  blessed,  he  accepted,  in  September,  1800,  a 
call  from  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Augusta,  Ga., 
and  in  this  field,  which  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  important  in  the  denomination  in  the  South, 
and  in  those  troulilous  war  times  he  so  ilischarged 
the  duties  of  his  ofiice  for  some  five  years  that,  with 
the  divine  blessing,  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  the 
church  were  promoted.  Within  this  period  he  was 
selected  to  deliver,  at  the  Georgia  Baptist  State 
Convention,  an  annual  address  before  the  Bible  and 
Colportage  Society,  and  again  to  preach  the  annual 
sermon  on  ministerial  education.  Soon  after  the 
resignation  of  the  charge  of  this  church,  in  August, 
186.5,  he  was  again  invited  to  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege to  fill  the  Greek  professorship,  on  which  he 
entered  in  September,  1866.  This  position  he  has 
ever  since  occupied,  excepting  some  fifteen  months 
spent  in  Europe  in  1867-68,  partly  in  travel  in 
pursuit  of  health  as  well  as  knowledge,  and  partly 
in  study  at  Athens  and  Ilciilelberg.  During  the 
periods  of  his  professorship  he  has  given  a  consid- 
erable part  of  his  Sabbaths  to  the  preaching  of  the 
gosfiel.  He  published  while  in  Augusta  a  tract  of 
some  thirty  pages  on  the  "  Moral  and  Religious 
Training  of  Children,"  and  in  April,  1877,  in  the 
liapiisl  Qiiarierhj,  rni  article  on  "Ancient  Attica 
and  Athens  ;"  besides  which  he  has  made  occa- 
sional contributions  to  religious  journals.  He  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Brown  University 
in  1868.  Dr.  Huntington  as  an  educator  is  clear, 
thorough,  and  exact;  as  a  preacher  impressive  and 
instructive  ;  and  as  a  man  genial,  affable,  and  of 
"good  report  of  them  which  are  without.' 

Huntington,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  bom  in  Mans- 
field, Conn.,  Aug.  21,  1763.  His  ancestors  settled 
in  that  State  at  an  early  period,  and  from  them  has 
sprung  the  numerous  family  of  Huntingtons  in 
Connecticut  and  other  States.  He  was  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  soon  after  its  close 
he  removed  to  Vermont,  where  he  was  employed 
for  a  time  as  a  teacher.  When  about  twenty-seven 
years  of  age  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Royalton.  In  June,  1800,  he 
was  ordained  in  Braintree,  Vt.,  as  an  evangelist. 
Immediately  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  town,  and  lie  held  this  ofiice  till  his  death, 
June  24,  1828. 

Mr.  Huntington  had  a  strong,  discriminating,  and 
well-balanced  mind.  He  was  a  successful  teacher 
of  j'outh,  a  forcible  and  acceptable  speaker,  and  an 
instructive  preacher  of  the  gospel.  In  every  rela- 
tion of  life  he  may  be  said  to  have  been  an  example 
worthy  of  imitation. 

In  regard  to  his  piety,  it  may  probably  be  safely 


HUNTINGTON 


561 


HURD 


asserted  that  no  man  in  the  region  in  which  he 
lived  was  more  distinguished  for  a  holy  and  blam^e- 
less  life.  It  seemed  to  be  his  constant  aim  to  know 
and  to  do  the  will  of  that  Master  to  whom  he  had 
devoted  himself  without  reserve.  "  The  law  of  (iud 
seemed  to  be  engraven  on  his  heart.''  From  the 
very  thought  of  violating  the  divine  commands  he 
apparently  shrunk  with  horror.  And  yet  he  placed 
a  very  low  estimate  upon  his  own  piety  ;  his  hu- 
mility was  one  of  his  most  striking  characteristics. 

As  a  preacher  he  thoroughly  and  prayerfully 
studied  the  Bible,  clearly  expounded  its  doctrines, 
and  faithfully  enforced  its  precepts.  His  sermons 
were  thoughtful,  able,  evangelical,  earnest,  and 
faithful.  "  Occasionally  he  rose  above  himself, 
and,  as  though  endued  with  e.xtraordinary  power, 
presented  truth  in  a  manner  the  most  clear  and 
impressive."' 

His  influence  was  extensive,  permanent,  and  in 
every  respect  salutary.  Nor  were  his  efforts  to  do 
good  limited  to  his  own  neighborhood.  "He  was 
an  ardent  friend  of  foreign  missions,  and  prayed 
and  labored,  as  well  as  gave  of  liis  substance,  for 
the  spread  of  the  gospel.  His  end  was  peace.  In 
view  of  it  he  said,  "  I  wish  not  to  choose  for  my- 
self; I  think  it  is  my  greatest  desire  that  God  may 
be  glorified  by  me  in  life  and  in  death.'' 

A  biographical  notice  of  Mr.  Huntington  appeared 
in  the  American  Baptist  Magazine  oi  V shrwary .  1<S29, 
■written  by  Rev.  A.  Nichols,  of  blessed  memory,  then 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  in  Braintree, 
who,  for  twenty  years,  lived  only  three  or  four  miles 
from  Mr.  Huntington.  Appended  to  that  obituary 
the  following  note  appears  :  Mr.  Huntington  was  at 
the  house  of  a  friend,  when  conversation  was  casu- 
ally introduced  respecting  Mr.  Nichols.  Mr.  Hunt- 
ington remarked,  "  I  do  not  know  of  a  man  I  should 
be  willing  to  exchange  for  Mr.  Nichols."  Not  long 
after  Mr.  Nichols  was  at  the  same  place,  and  con- 
versation was  in  a  similar  manner  introduced 
concerning  Mr.  Huntington.  Mr.  Nichols  ob- 
served, "  I  do  not  know  of  a  man  I  should  be  will- 
ing to  exchange  for  Mr.  Huntington.'  The  refer- 
ences to  each  other  mcntituied  in  this  note  show 
both  the  high  character  of  the  two  men  and  their 
mutual  friendship. 

Huntington,  Rev.  Joseph,  son  of  Rev.  Elijah 
Huntington,  was  born  in  Braintree,  Vt.,  July  27, 
1811.  In  the  ordinary  frivolities  of  childhood  and 
youth  he  had  little  disposition  to  engage.  He  was 
habitually  serious  and  contemplative,  and  often 
exhibited  deep  convictions  of  sin  and  anxiety  for 
his  salvation.  It  was  not,  however,  till  the  revival 
of  1831  that  he  found  pe.ace  in  believing,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Braintree.  As  he  had 
felt  a  deep  and  most  )>ainful  sense  of  his  need  of 
Christ  as  a  Saviour,  so  bis  love  to  him  was  ardent 
and  his  consecration  unreserved.      Having  deter- 


mined to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry  of  the  gos- 
pel, he  commenced  the  study  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
languages,  in  which  he  made  great  progress.  He 
entered  Middlebury  College,  in  his  native  State, 
from  which,  at  the  expiration  of  four  years  (in 
IS;i7),  he  graduated,  having  maintained  during  his 
whole  course  a  standing  second  to  no  one  in  his 
class.  As  a  proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  he 
was  held  by  his  fellow-students  they  assigned  to 
him  the  most  honorable  part  in  the  anniversary 
exercises  of  their  literary  society  on  the  day  be- 
fore commencement,  while  the  offer  of  a  tutorship 
in  the  college,  socm  after  his  graduation,  showed 
the  respect  entertained  for  him  by  the  faculty  of 
the  institution.  This,  however,  he  did  not  accept. 
In  1838  he  entered  the  theological  institution  at 
Newton,  Mass.  ;  but,  in  hope  of  finding  tlie  duties 
of  a  country  pastor  more  favorable  to  his  declining 
health,  and  in  consideration  of  the  pressing  need 
of  ministers  in  his  native  State,  he  reluctantly  re- 
turned to  Vermont  in  less  than  a  year,  and  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  East 
Williamstown.  After  a  few  months  of  very  ac- 
ceptable and  useful  service  he  was  compelled  to 
relinquish  all  ministerial  duties.  Soon  afterwards, 
to  recruit  his  health,  he  went  to  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  where  he  passed  a  winter,  but  in  the 
following  spring  he  returned  to  Vermont  without 
improvement.  Here,  at  the  home  of  his  mother,  he 
lingered  for  a  year,  and  died  of  consumption  April 
2G,  1843.  Tiius  prematurely  passed  away  this  de- 
voted servant  of  Christ,  who  nevertheless  had  lived 
long  enough  to  secure  the  high  esteem,  the  warm 
friendship,  and  the  strong  confidence  of  all  who 
knew  him  well.  His  mind  was  strong  and  logical. 
He  had  great  power  of  acquiring  knowledge  as  well 
as  untiring  industry.  He  was  a  speaker  of  uncom- 
mon readiness,  conciseness,  earnestness,  and  force. 
Ills  sermons  were  methodical,  lucid,  and  pungent. 
His  piety  was  ardent  and  consistent,  cliaracterized 
by  deep  feeling,  and  still  more  by  inflexible  prin- 
ciple. Nothing  could  make  him  swerve  from  what 
he  deemed  to  be  right.  His  conduct  was  not  only 
above  reproach,  but  also  above  suspicion.  He 
seemed  to  have  brought  his  passions  and  appetites, 
his  heart,  his  intellect,  and  his  will  into  subjection 
to  Christ.  The  delineation,  indeed,  of  his  char- 
acter would  be  an  enumeration  of  the  virtues  that 
most  adorn  the  man  and  of  the  graces  that  most 
closely  liken  the  Christian  to  liis  Master. 

As  his  grand  aim  in  life  was  to  do  the  divine 
will,  so  he  cheerfully  submitted  to  that  will  when 
he  saw  his  earthly  career  coming  to  so  early  a  close, 
and  at  last,  knowing  in  whom  he  believed,  he  calmly 
and  even  joyfully  committed  his  soul  to  his  keep- 
ing. 

Hnrd,  Rev.  James  Christie,  M.D.,  was  bom 
in  Nova  Scotia,  April  17,  18"2'J.     He  earljr  prepared 


HURLEY 


5G2 


IIVrCHINSON 


himself  for  the  practice  of  medicine,  but  soon  felt 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach.  In  1873  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Cedar  Street  Baptist  church,  Butiivlo, 
N.  Y.  While  residing  in  Buffalo  he  practised  medi- 
cine for  a  time,  and  afterwar.ls  occupied  an  edito- 
rial position  on  the  Buffalo  Express.  I'loni  Buffalo 
he  went  to  St.  Thomas,  Ontario,  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1876  and 
took  chari;o  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Marshall- 
town,  and  soon  became  identified  with  his  bi'ethren 
of  the  State  in  all  the  iceneral  interests  of  the  de- 
nomination. In  October,  1878,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  State  Convention, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1879,  always  meeting  the  du- 
ties of  this  position  with  signal  ability.  In  1878 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Bur- 
lin<;ton.  He  died  in  the  harness  on  Sunday,  Dec. 
21,  1S7',». 

Hurley,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Warwick- 
shire, England,  Feb.  5,  1795.  At  eighteen  he  was 
converted  and  soon  commenced  preaching.  He 
was  ordained  in  1822.  Preached  for  ten  years  in 
England  with  marked  success.  In  1828  he  came 
to  America  ;  preached  a  year  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  afterwards  came  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1831  he 
took  charge  of  the  Fee  Fee  Baptist  church.  He 
was  at  the  organization  of  the  General  Association 
of  Missouri  in  1835,  and  that  year  he  Ijecame  pas- 
tor of  the  Palmyra  church,  and  afterwards  of  Bethel 
Baptist  church.  Subsequently  for  years  he  labored 
as  an  evangelist.  He  was  earnest,  self-denying, 
and  very  successful  in  leading  souls  to  Jesus. 

Dr.  Fisk  wrote  his  memoir,  which  shows  that  he 
was  a  man  of  unusual  talent,  culture,  and  elo- 
quence. His  last  address  was  at  the  laying  of  the 
corner-stone  of  an  institution  of  learning.  He  was 
a  Mason  of  high  standing  and  lectured  eloquently 
to  the  "craft."  He  loved  standard  literature,  and 
advocated  its  study.  He  was  a  man  of  deep  piety  ; 
his  memory  will  long  be  lovingly  cherished  in  Mis- 
souri, and  his  influence  for  good  be  perpetuated. 
He  died  Aug.  3,  1856,  in  Troy,  Lincoln  Co.,  Mo., 
in  the  sixty-first  year  of  his  life. 

Hutchens,  Prof.  Allen  Sabin,  a  native  of  Spaf- 
ford,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1817. 
He  spent  his  early  youth  in  Medina,  N.  Y.  When 
but  a  boy  his  father  removed  to  Adrian,  Mich., 
where  he  grew  up  to  manhood.  He  was  educated 
at  Denison  University,  Granville,  0.,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1843.  He  subsequently  studied 
theology  at  Newton,  Mass.  He  taught  at  Denison 
University  and  at  the  Baptist  Academy  at  Norwalk, 
O.  But  the  chief  work  of  his  life  has  been  done  in 
connection  with  AVayland  University,  at  Beaver 
Dam,  Wis.  He  was  called  to  the  presidency  of 
this  institution  in  1857,  and  has  been  connected 
with  it,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years,  through- 
out its  entire  history.     Prof.  Hutchens  is  a  Chris- 


tian teacher  of  fine  culture  and  attainments.  He 
stands  high  as  a  Greek  scliolar.  lie  has  been  a 
hard  worker,  and  in  the  very  prime  of  his  life,  with 
health  so  impaired  as  to  prevent  his  further  labor 
in  the  class-room,  at  present  he  is  living  in  retire- 
ment at  Beaver  Dam. 

Hutchins,  Rev.  Hiram,  was  educated  at  Madi- 
son University  ;  ordained  in  Richfield,  N.  Y.,  in 
August,  1840;  served  the  church  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  as  pastor,  and  the  church  of  Roxbury,  and  in 
IStiO  took  charge  of  a  church  in  Brooklyn,  of  which 
he  is  still  the  beloved  pastor.  For  several  years  he 
was  president  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mis- 
sion Society.  His  long  ministry  of  forty  years  has 
been  blessed  with  many  tokens  of  divine  approba- 
tion. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  born  in  Marion, 
N.  Y.,  June  7,  1810,  and  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Newport,  N.  II.,  when  ho  was  a  child.  He  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Ira  Pearson.  Impressed  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  studied  at 
New  Hampton,  and  at  Portsmouth,  under  the 
tuition  of  Dr.  Baron  Stow,  and  took  the  full 
course  at  Newton.  In  the  autumn  of  1834  he  was 
ordained  p.astor  of  the  church  at  Windsor,  Vt.,  and 
continued  in  office  for  twenty  years.  After  sus- 
pending his  work  for  two  years,  he  resumed  his 
pastorate  with  the  church  at  Windsor,  where  he 
labored  for  five  years  longer.  This  ministry  of 
twenty-five  years  with  one  church,  his  only  charge, 
was  full  of  blessing  to  his  people.  His  labors  also, 
at  times,  extended  beyond  his  more  immediate  field, 
and  the  feeble  churches  in  his  neighborhood  en- 
joyed the  benefit  of  his  instructions.  He  came  to 
be  regarded  as  a  leader  in  all  good  enterprises,  and 
his  counsels  were  sought  and  followed  by  those 
who  asked  his  advice.  He  enjoyed  a  very  large 
measure  of  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  brethren 
in  A'crmont,  and  left  the  impress  of  his  Christian 
influence  upon  the  Baptist  cause  in  that  State. 
Mr.  Hutchinson  died  at  Windsor,  April  5,  1872. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Elisha,  was  bom  in  Sharon, 
Conn.,  Dec.  22,  1749.  After  his  conversion,  at 
twenty,  there  seemed  to  be  an  awakening  of  his  in- 
tellectual powers.  He  longed  to  preach  the  gospel, 
which  had  done  so  much  for  him.  He  commenced 
a  cour.se  of  preparatory  study  under  the  tuition  of 
Rev.  Dr.  AYhcelock,  at  Lebanon,  Conn.,  and  joined 
the  Oonsrregational  church  of  which  his  instructor 
was  the  pastor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  class 
that  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1775. 
Shortly  after  leaving  college  he  was  licensed  as  an 
evangelist,  and  preached  some  years,  when  he  was 
ordained  in  the  year  1778  as  pastor  of  the  Congre- 
gational church  in  AVestford,  Conn.,  where  he  re- 
mained five  years.  In  1785  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Congregational  church  in  Pomfret,  Vt.,  where 
he  remained  for  about  ten  years.    For  the  next  few 


HUTCHINSON 


563 


HUTCHINSON 


years  he  supplied  churches  in  Vermont  and  Massa- 
chusetts. In  1800  he  changed  his  views  on  the 
mode  and  subjects  of  Christian  baptism,  and  became 
a  decidi^d  Baptist.  After  various  charges  h(!  was 
invited  to  become  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Newport,  N.  II.,  in  1!S14.  Four  years  after,  he 
was  blessed  with  a  powerful  revival  of  religion,  and 
in  about  ten  months  110  united  with  the  church, 
adding  very  greatly  to  its  efficiency.  After  this 
revival,  feeling  the  infirmities  of  age,  Mr.  Hutch- 
inson resigned  his  pastorate,  but  remaine<l  a  res- 
ident in  the  place  where  his  labors  had  been  so 
signally  blessed  until  bis  death,  whicli  occurred 
April  19,  l.S?,3. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Enoch,  was  born  in  Marion, 
N.  Y.,  in  .June,  liSlO,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Water- 
ville  College  in  the  class  of  1834,  and  of  the  New- 
ton Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1.S37. 
He  was  ordained  in  Boston,  Nov.  20, 1.S37.  lie  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Franiingbam,  Mass.,  one 
year,  and  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  Maine  Bap- 
tist Theological  Institute  at  Thomaston,  Me.,  for 
one  year.  For  some  time  he  was  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Memorial, — 1S46-.51.  The  results  of  his 
Oriental  studies  are  embodied  in  his  "  Syriac(3ram- 
mar."  He  is  tlie  author  of  "  Music  of  the  Bible.'' 
Mr.  Hutchinson  has  resided  for  several  years  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hutchinson,  Gov.  John,  was  born  at  Notting- 
ham, England,  in  September,  1016.  He  was  the 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  Hutchinson,  and  of  the  Lady 
Margaret,  daughter  of  iSir  John  Biron,  of  New- 
stead.  When  he  reached  a  proper  age  he  spent  five 
years  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  where  he 
greatly  improved  his  opportunities  for  acquiring  a 
superior  education.  After  his  marriage,  which  oc- 
curred July  3,  1038,  he  retired  with  his  wife  to 
Owthorpe,  near  Nottingham.  There  his  mind  be- 
came deeply  exercised  about  religion,  and  he  spent 
two  entire  years  in  the  study  of  divinity.  During 
this  period  he  was  enabled  to  put  his  whole  trust 
in  the  Saviour,  and  he  was  led  to  see  that  salvation 
never  entered  a  human  heart  througli  free  will  or 
creature  merits,  but  through  sovereign  grace  and 
the  blood  of  Christ.  From  that  period  his  faith 
warmly  embraced  the  doctrine  of  God's  election 
and  of  his  minute  overruling  providence.  He  cher- 
ished a  fervent  love  for  the  Saviour  and  bis  people, 
and  a  tender  compassion  for  the  impenitent  and  for 
personal  enemies.  The  cavaliers  and  higli-church- 
inen  of  bis  day,  the  men  who  oaught  tlie  spirit 
of  Archbishop  Laud  and  his  fellow-conspirators 
against  Christ's  truth  and  British  liberty,  were  all 
Arminians,  and  Mr.  Hutchinson  was  necessarily 
placed  in  the  ranks  of  the  defenders  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. 

In  the  struggle  which  resulted  in  the  overthrow 
and  death  of  Charles  I.,  he  was  made  governor  of 


the  castle  and  town  of  Nottingham,  and  he  became 
colonel  of  a  regiment  which  he  raised.  The  castle 
was  a  ruin  and  the  town  was  full  of  traitors,  some 
of  whom  were  fitted  by  talents  and  malice  to  give 


GOV.  JOHN    HUTCUINSON. 

much  trouble.  Nottingham  was  a  place  of  great 
importance  to  Charles  and  the  Parliament.  Under 
the  care  of  the  new  governor  the  castle  was  greatly 
strengthened,  and  forts  were  erected  to  guard  the 
town,  malcontents  were  kept  in  check,  the  love  of 
liberty  was  fostered,  and  the  best  interests  of  the 
people  were  secured.  Repeated  attacks  of  the  foe 
were  ignominiously  defeated,  and  difficulties  that 
overwhelmed  others,  and  that  would  have  crushed 
any  ordinary  leader,  were  surmounted  with  ease 
and  honor.  And  when  the  sword  of  the  king  could 
not  conquer  the  valiant  governor  and  his  men.  im- 
mense sums  of  money  were  offered  to  corrupt  (iov. 
Hutchinson  and  secure  the  stronghold.  But  it  was 
held  for  the  Parliament  until  Charles  lost  his  head 
and  the  civil  war  was  ended. 

The  fame  of  the  governor  spread  all  over  his 
country.  His  skill,  heroism,  patience,  and  success 
umilc  him  dear  to  the  hearts  of  all  the  friends  of 
liberty  in  his  native  country.  He  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  and  he  occupied  a  con- 
spicuous and  influential  place  in  its  debates. 
Cromwell  early  saw  his  extraordinary  ability,  and 
tried  to  enlist  him  on  his  side,  but  the  governor 
quickly  penetrated  the  selfish  schemes  of  the  future 
"  uncrowned  king'  of  F.ngland,  and  though  treton, 
the  son-in-law  of  Cromwell,  was  his  cousin  and 
trusted  friend,  he  speedily  informed   the   hero  of 


HUTCHINSON 


564 


HUTCHINSON 


Marston  Moor  tliat  he  had  not  fought  against  one 
tyrant  to  assist  in  liuilding  the  throne  of  another. 
And  from  that  moment  the  coming  Protector  used 
every  art  to  keep  him  from  military  promotion. 
Had  it  not  been  for  Cromwell,  Gov.  Hutchinson 
would  have  heen  in  a  position,  in  all  human  )iroli- 
aliilitj',  to  have  perpetuated  a  republic  in  the  British 
Islands.  He  was  one  of  the  judges  that  tried 
Charles  I.,  and  signed  his  death-warrant. 

After  the  return  of  Charles  II.  the  English  peo- 
ple for  a  time  acted  as  if  a  wave  of  insanity  had 
swept  over  the  nation  ;  the  son  of  a  deceitful  and 
bloodthirsty  despot,  himself  a  treacherous  liliertine, 
was  hailed  with  rapturous  joy  wherever  he  went; 
the  enthusiasm  was  so  general  that  hosts  of  the 
fidlowers  of  Cromwell  were  carried  away  cither 
through  terror  or  a  change  of  mind,  and  they  nmde 
the  air  ring  with  their  shouts  for  the  king.  Tlio 
governor  during  this  period  of  national  madness 
kept  his  mind  calm,  and  his  heart  courageous  in 
his  God,  and  while  he  took  proper  measures  to  pro- 
tect himself  he  recanted  no  principle,  he  denied  no 
act,  he  betrayed  no  friend.  In  a  time  when  life 
could  be  purchased  and  large  estates  protected  by 
information  treacherously  imparted,  any  amount 
of  which  was  at  his  disposal,  repeated  opportunities 
to  communicate  which  were  given  him  by  the  at" 
torney-general  and  others,  he  despised  the  mean- 
ness so  common  and  so  frequently  commended  of 
protecting  himself  by  the  sacrifice  of  others. 

For  a  season  he  was  unmolested  at  Owthorpc. 
lie  carefully  attended  to  home  duties,  avoidinc  all 
connection  with  politics,  expounding  the  Scriptures 
on  the  Lord's  day  to  his  fiimily  instead  of  attending 
the  ministry  of  some  semi-Catholic  in  the  parish 
church.  But  at  last  he  was  arrested,  and  soon  after 
he  was  removed  to  the  Tower  of  London,  and  from 
it  he  was  taken  to  Sandown  Castle,  in  Kent,  where 
he  died  Sept.  10,  16(54,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of 
his  age.  During  the  eleven  months  of  his  impris- 
onment he  enjoyed  a  large  measure  of  the  sustain- 
ing grace  of  God,  and  a  foretaste  of  heavenly 
blessedness  made  his  death-bed  a  scene  of  special 

joy- 

Gov.  Hutchinson  believed  that  in  religious  affairs 
secular  legislation  had  no  place.  lie  abhorred  all 
persecution  for  conscience'  sake.  AVhen  George 
Fox,  the  founder  of  the  "  Society  of  Friends,"  was 
imprisoned  in  Nottingham,  he  extended  to  the  per- 
secuted Quaker  his  powerful  protection. 

He  was  a  man  of  fearless  courage,  and  when  he 
saw  his  friends  of  the  Commonwealth  butchered  by 
the  bloody  mandates  of  King  Charles  II.,  he  was 
only  restrained  by  his  wife  from  giving  himself  up 
to  die  with  them. 

He  and  Mrs.  Hutchinson  became  Baptists  in  this 
way  :  "  When  formerly  the  Presbyterian  ministers 
had  forced  him,  for  i(uietness'  sake,  to  go  and  break 


up  a  private  (religious)  meeting  in  the  cannonier's 
chamber  (of  Nottingham  Castle),  there  wore  found 
some  notes  concerning  Pedobaptism,  which  were 
brought  into  the  governor's  lodgings,  and  his  wife 
then  having  more  leisure  to  read  than  he,  having 
perused  them  and  compared  them  with  the  Scrip- 
tures, found  not  what  to  say  against  the  truths  they 
asserted  concerning  the  misapplication  of  that 
ordinance  to  infants;  but  being  then  young  and 
modest,  she  thought  it  a  kind  of  virtue  to  submit 
to  the  judgment  and  practice  of  most  churches, 
rather  than  to  defend  a  singular  opinion  of  her 
own,  she  not  being  then  enlightened  in  that  great 
mistake  of  the  national  churches.  But  in  this  year, 
expecting  to  become  a  mother,  she  communicated 
her  doubts  to  her  husband,  and  desired  him  to  en- 
deavour her  satisfaction  ;  which  while  he  did,  he 
himself  became  as  unsatisfied,  or  rather  satisfied 
against  it.  First,  therefore,  ho  diligently  searched 
the  Scriptures  alone,  and  could  find  in  them  no 
ground  at  all  for  that  practice:  then  he  bought  and 
read  all  the  eminent  treatises  on  both  sides,  which 
at  that  time  came  thick  from  the  presses,  and  was 
still  more  satisfied  of  the  error  of  the  Pedobaptists. 
After  the  confinement  of  his  wife,  that  he  might  if 
possible  give  the  religious  party  no  offense,  he  in- 
vited all  the  ministers  to  dinner,  and  propounded 
his  doubt  and  the  ground  thereof  to  them.  None 
of  them  could  defend  their  practice  with  any  satis- 
factory reason  but  the  tradition  of  the  church  from 
the  primitive  times,  and  their  main  buckler  of  fed- 
eral holiness,  which  Tombs  and  Denne  had  so  ex- 
cellently overthrown.  He  and  his  wife  then  pro- 
fessing themselves  unsatisfied  in  the  practice,  de- 
sired their  opinions  what  they  ought  to  do.  Most 
answered,  to  conform  to  the  general  practice  of 
other  Christians,  bow  dark  soever  it  were  to  them- 
selves; but  iNIr.  Foxcraft,  one  of  the  Assembly 
(which  framed  the  Westminster  Confession  of 
Faith),  said  that  except  they  were  convinced  of  the 
warrant  of  that  practice  from  the  Word  they  sinned 
in  doing  it ;  whereupon  the  infant  was  not  liaptized. 
And  now  the  governor  and  his  wife,  notwithstand- 
ing that  they  forsook  not  their  assemlilies,  nor  re- 
tracted their  benevolences  and  civilities  from  them, 
yet  were  they  reviled  by  them,  called  fanatics  and 
anabaptists,  and  often  glanced  at  in  their  puldic 
sermons.  And  not  only  the  ministers  but  all  their 
zealous  sectaries  conceived  implacable  malice 
against  them  upon  this  account;  which  was  carried 
on  with  a  spirit  of  envy  and  persecution  to  the 
last;  though  he,  on  his  side,  might  well  have  said 
to  them,  as  his  Master  said  to  the  old  Pharisees, 
'  Many  good  works  have  I  done  among  you  ;  for 
which  of  those  dci  you  hate  me?'  Yet  the  general- 
ity even  of  them  had  a  secret  conviction  upon  them 
that  he  had  been  faithful  to  them  and  deserved  their 
love;  and  in  spite  of  their  own  bitter  zeal,  could 


HUTCHINSOK 


565 


HUTCHINSOK 


not  but  have  a  reverent  esteem  for  him  whom  they 
often  railed  at  for  not  thinkinj;  and  speaking  ac- 
cording to  their  opinions."  (Life  of  Colonel  Hutch- 
inson, hy  his  Widow  Lucy,  pp.  2'J9,  300,  301.  Lon- 
don, ]S4t).) 

Tliis  Christian  hero,  a  graduate  of  Camliridge, 
like  Judson,  Noel,  Carson,  Dunster,  and  a  host  of 
others,  sacrificed  his  feelings,  his  friendships,  liis 
interests,  and  his  social  comfort  for  no  earthly  gain, 
but  for  heaven-born  truth,  (iov.  Hutchinson  is  an 
illustration  of  the  resistless  force  of  God's  pure 
Word. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  John  Blanchard,  was  bom 
in  Long  Sutton,  Lincolnshire,  Kngland,  Dec.  16, 
1825.  His  father  was  a  respected  minister  of  the 
Wesleyan  body,  and  under  his  faithful  hiboi's  his 
son  was  awakened.  He  also  uniteil  with  the  Wes- 
leyans,  by  whom  he  was  licensed  when  but  eighteen 
years  of  age.  He  came  to  America  in  May,  185('), 
and  was  minister  in  charge  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church,  South  Orange  and  Jefferson  Village, 
nearly  three  years. 

His  views  of  Bible  truth  becoming  more  ma- 
tured he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  William  Hind,  and 
entered  into  the  membership  of  Northfield  Baptist 
church,  by  which  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  On 
Oct.  1,  1860,  he  was  ordained,  and  assumed  charge 
of  the  Livingston  church,  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.  Mr. 
Hutchinson  has  won  for  himself  a  strong  place  in 
the  hearts  of  his  brethren,  and  has  rendered  good 
service  in  the  Olivet  church,  Philadelphia,  the  Cen- 
tennial in  Wilkesbarre,  and  in  the  Hatboro'  church, 
Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he  now  labors. 

Hutchinson,  Mrs.  Lucy,  was  born  the  29th  of 
January,  1020,  in  the  Tower  of  London.  Her 
father  was  Sir  Allen  Apsley,  governor  of  the 
Tower  ;  her  mother  was  Lucy,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
St.  John,  of  Lidiard  Treegooze,  Wiltshire,  England. 
Her  parents  were  both  the  children  of  God,  and  by 
precept  and  example  from  her  earliest  years  showed 
her  the  blessedness  of  a  holy  life. 

When  about  seven  years  old  she  had  eight 
teachers  in  as  many  different  branches  :  languages, 
music,  dancing,  needlework,  and  writing.  She 
hated  needlework,  and  cared  nothing  for  music 
and  dancing.  AVhcn  children  came  to  see  her  she 
■wearied  them  with  grave  instructions,  and  treated 
their  dolls  so  roughly  that  they  were  glad  when  she 
forsook  their  company  for  the  society  of  older  per- 
sons. ISooks  were  everything  to  her  even  in  child- 
hood; during  hours  intended  for  amu.soment  she 
■was  reading,  and  at  all  other  times  when  she  had 
an  opportunity.  And  when  she  reached  woman- 
hood her  information  w'as  equal  to  that  of  any 
young  lady  in  England,  if  she  was  not  the  best-in- 
formed woman  in  her  country.  Soon  after  she 
ceased  to  be  a  mere  child  she  was  called  by  -lesus 
into  the  kingdom  of  his  grace  ;  and  she  entered 


upon  his  service  with  a  heart  wholly  his,  and 
without  a  doubt  of  his  love  for  her.  This  blessed 
condition  fitted  her  to  despise  her  own  fancies,  .ind 
every  form  of  danger,  and  nmde  Christ  the  Lord  of 


MRS.  LUCV    ni'TrniNSON. 

all  her  doctrines,  and  of  her  entire  conduct.  After 
her  marriage  with  Mr.  Hutchinson,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed governor  of  the  castle  and  town  of  Notting- 
ham, she  went  with  him  ;  and  when  tlie  horrors  of 
war  visited  Nottingham  there  was  not  a  braver 
heart  in  the  place  than  Mrs.  Hutchinson's. 

When  five  of  her  husband's  soldiers  were  wounded 
and  carried  to  the  castle,  and  there  was  no  surgeon 
to  dress  their  wounds,  with  some  assistance  from  a 
soldier,  this  young  lady  fearlessly  bound  up  the 
bleeding  limbs  and  bodies  of  the  sufferers ;  and 
seeing  some  of  the  enemy  carried  in  as  prisoners 
in  the  same  unfortunate  situation,  and  consigned 
to  a  miserable  dungeon,  crowded  with  other  pris- 
oners, she  sent  for  them  and  cleansed  and  bound  up 
their  wounds,  while  Capt.  Palmer,  an  officer  on  her 
husband's  side  in  the  civil  war,  was  helping  her  by 
declaring  that  "  his  soul  abhorred  to  see  this  favor 
to  the  enemies  of  God." 

Throughout  life  she  ever  showed  a  strong  faith, 
a  generous  benevolence,  and  a  lofty  courage.  She 
adopted  Baptist  sentiments  from  reading  the  notes 
foundin  thecannonier'sroora,  in  Nottingham  Castle, 
where  the  Baptist  soldiers  had  held  a  prayer-meet- 
ing ;  and  from  comparing  them  with  the  Scriptures: 
her  husband,  after  careful  and  protracted  examina- 
tion, followed  her  example.  But  not  all  her  quick- 
ness to  perceive  affronts  ;  nor  the  exquisite  pain 


HUTCHINSON 


566 


HYMNS 


inflicted  by  tlicm  upon  her  refined  feelinj; ;  nor  the 
certainty  that  insults,  if  not  severe  wrongs,  would 
be  heaped  upon  her  for  becoming  a  Baptist,  could 
keep  lior  from  lionoring  and  obeying  lier  Lord. 
She  confessed  licr  ju-inoiples  in  the  most  public  way, 
in  an  age  when  Baptists  alone  understood  Christ's 
law  of  religious  liberty. 

She  helped  her  husband  with  more  than  the 
power  of  half  a  dozen  ordinary  men  ;  and  then  she 
wrote  his  "  Memoirs"  in  a  style  so  charming  and 
eloquent  that  it  chains  the  reader  from  beginning 
to  end.  I  doubt  very  much  if  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  except  the  "  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  there  was 
another  book  written  in  prose  by  such  a  masterly 
pen  .as  that  of  Lucy  Hutchinson.  It  is  the  best 
biography  in  the  English  language,  and  one  of  the 
most  popular  that  ever  was  written  in  any  tongue. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  'Williain,  was  born  in  Drum- 
lampb,  Ireland,  in  August,  1795,  of  Scutch-Irish 
parents;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1818;  en- 
tered Hamilton  in  1821;  ordained  on  leaving  the 
institution,  and  labored  as  a  missionary  for  three 
years  in  his  native  land;  returned  to  this  country 
in  1827,  and  h.as  been  pastor  of  seven  churches  in 
New  York,  and  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.  Mr.  Hutch- 
inson has  been  blessed  in  delivering  his  glorious 
message,  and  he  has  walked  with  God  in  his  own 
heart. 

Hyatt,  Rev.  B.  C,  pastor  at  Monticello,  Ark., 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1S1.5  ;  removed  to 
Arkansas  in  1846;  ordained  in  1857.  His  labors 
have  been  chiefly  confined  to  the  counties  of  Brad- 
ley, Drew,  Ashley,  and  Lincoln ;  has  gathered 
seven  churches  in  his  field,  and  baptized  about  one 
thousand  persons. 

Hyde,  Rev.  G.  W.,  son  of  Richard  and  Eliza  D. 
Hyde,  was  born  near  Cliancellorsville,  in  Spottsyl- 
vania  Co.,  Va..  March  25,  1838.  AVhen  a  little 
more  than  one  year  old  his  parents  removed  to 
Missouri  and  settled  near  Keytesville,  Chariton 
Co.,  where  he  was  reared.  He  professed  conver- 
sion and  united  with  the  Keytesville  Baptist  church 
in  .M;iy,  185.'?.  He  entered  the  State  University  at 
Columbia,  Mo.,  in  September,  1855,  and  graduated 
with  honors  in  July,  1859.  In  September,  1859, 
he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary, then  located  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  and  gradu- 
ated in  full  in  1862.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
while  a  student  at  the  university  by  the  church  in 
Columbia,  and  was  ordained  at  Peterville  church, 
Powhatan  Co.,  Va.,  in  August,  lSr>.3.  He  has  twice 
been  made  financial  agent  of  William  Jewell  Col- 
lege, and  has  been  pastor  at  Keytesville  and  Bruns- 
wick, in  Chariton  Co.,  and  also  at  Slount  Nebo, 
Beulah,  Concord,  Mount  Ilerra.an,  and  Boonville, 
in  Cooper  County.  For  ten  years  he  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  William 
•Icwell  College,  and  also  a  visitor  of  the  Vardeman 


School  of  Theology.  He  has  also  been  honored 
with  the  position  of  curator  of  Stephens  College 
for  a  number  of  years. 

Hyman,  Rev.  John  J.,  was  bom  Sept.  21, 1832. 

Ho  is  principal  of  the  Mount  Vernon  Institute,  at 
Riddleville,  (ia.  lie  was  ordained  April  12,  1803, 
and  served  all  through  the  war  as  a  chaplain  of  the 
49th  Ga.  Regiment  in  Gen.  Lee's  army,  and  was  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  chaplains  in  the  army.  Dur- 
ing the  war  he  baptized  260  soldiers,  and  since  the 
war  he  has  been  a  great  worker  both  as  pastor  and 
teacher.  He  is  an  earnest,  faithful  pastor,  a  good 
preacher,  and  has  served  as  moderator  of  Mount 
Vernon  Association. 

Hymns,  and  their  Authors.— It  is  undeniable 
that  in  the  infancy  of  the  church,  as  Cave  says, 
"  It  was  usual  for  any  person  to  compose  divine 
songs  in  honor  of  Christ,  and  to  sing  them  in  the 
public  assemblies."  (Primitive  Christianity,  page 
134,  O.xford,  1840.)  In  the  beginning  of  the  sec- 
ond century,  Pliny,  in  giving  the  emperor  Trajan 
an  account  of  the  Christians,  says,  "  They  were 
accustomed  to  meet  on  a  certain  day  before  it  was 
light  and  sing  a  hymn  alternately  to  Christ  as 
God."  (Pliny,  lib.  X.,  Ep.  97.)  This  was  evidently 
an  uninspired  composition.  Eusebius,  speaking  of 
early  hymns,  says,  "  AVhatever  psalms  and  hymns 
were  written  by  the  brethren  from  the  beginning 
celebrate  Christ,  the  Word  of  God,  by  asserting  His 
divinity."  (Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  v.  cap.  28.)  That 
there  were  many  hymns  written  in  the  first  and 
second  centuries  we  have  no  doubt.  These  were 
all  composed  by  Baptists.  The  oldest  hymn  now 
known  among  Christians  in  its  most  ancient  form 
is,  "Glory  be  to  the  Father,  and  to  the  Son,  and  to 
the  Holy  Ghost,  world  without  end.  Amen."  In  this 
form  a  Baptist  was  its  author.  And  it  was  first 
given  to  the  churches  in  the  second  century,  or 
e.irlier.  The  additional  words,  "As  it  was  in  the 
beginning,  is  now,  and  ever  shall  be,"  were  placed 
in  this  sacred  song  at  an  early  period. 

In  modern  times  some  of  the  most  popular  hymns 
in  our  language  were  written  by  Baptists.  "  My 
country,  'tis  of  thee,"  was  written  by  Dr.  S.  F. 
Smith.  This  is  the  most  popular  patriotic  hymn 
sung  in  the  United  States.  "  He  leadeth  me :  oh, 
blessed  thought,"  was  written  by  Prof.  J.  II.  Gil- 
more,  of  Rochester  University.  This  is  one  of 
the  finest  hymns  that  ever  was  published.  "Come, 
thou  fount  of  every  blessing,"  is  from  the  pen  of 
Robert  Robinson.  Rev.  Dr.  Fawcett  wrote  "  Blest 
be  the  tie  that  binds."  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett  is  the 
author  of  "On  Jordan's  stormy  banks  I  stand," 
and  the  Rev.  Edward  Mote  composed  "  My  hope 
is  built  on  nothing  less."  The  following  table 
gives  the  names  of  some  Baptist  authors  of  hymns, 
with  their  nation.ility,  the  date  of  their  birth,  and 
the  first  line  of  one  of  their  hymns : 


HYMNS 

567 

HYMNS 

Nauk. 

BOKN. 

IlrMNS. 

1751 
181C 

i»:9 

1753 
1809 
1717 
1H03 
1749 
1773 

1794 

1733 
1«16 
1803 
1746 
1791 

17— 
1814 
1797 
1785 
18-25 
17CI4 
1739 

1759 
1767 
1734 
1760 
1773 
1805 
1834 

1791 
18— 
1798 
1791 
1806 
1773 
1762 
1805 
1824 
1606 
1722 
1788 
1803 
1640 

1798 
1754 
1826 

1825 
1738 
1797 
1608 
1710 
1733 

1799 
1704 
1766 
1816 
1813 

1751 

iiVs 

1S40 
1753 
1773 
1815 

1808 
1834 
1716 
1663 
172T 
1761 
1804 

1731 
1710 
1817 
1760 
1711 
1811 

isw 

1769 

18:t5 

j         1821 

"Sons  we  are  through  God's  election." 

"Onward,  herald  of  the  gospel.'' 

"  Our  country's  voice  is  pleading." 

Author  of  a  volume  containing  MO  hymns. 

"CXinie,  happy  souls,  adore  the  Ijimh," 

"The  Master" is  coming  ;  he  calleth  for  thee." 

"Come.  Holy  Spirit,  come." 

"Go,  bpirit  of  the  sainteil  dead." 

"  Jesiis,  thou  art  the  Binner's  friend." 

"Time  is  winging  us  away." 

"Oh,  could  I  find  from  day  to  day." 

"Weep  for  the  lost;  thy  Saviour  wept." 

Author  of  a  volume  of  '^K*  original  hymns. 

"Hark  how  the  gospel  trumpet  sounds." 

"Oh,  Saviour,  I  am  blind:  leml  thou  the  way." 

"From  every  earthly  ple;isure." 

"To  Jordan's  stream  the  Saviour  goes." 

•"Mid  scenes  of  confusion  and  creature  complaints." 

"Sale  in  tlie  arms  of  Ji-sus." 

"Ye  Christian  heralds,  go  proclaim." 

"  Thanks  to  thy  name,  0  Lord,  that  wo "' 

"Go  preach  the  blest  salvation." 

"With  broken  heart  and  contrite  sigh." 

"Faint  not,  Christian,  though  the  road." 

"Amid  the  joyous  scenes  of  earth." 

"  Beyond  the  glittering,  starry  sky." 

"  Blest  be  the  tie  that  binds." 

"Jesus,  mighty  king  in  Zion." 

"Fountain  of  mercy,  God  of  love." 

"Sinners,  you  are  now  addressed." 

"  My  gracious  Bedeemer  I  love." 

"Thy  church,  0  Lord,  that's  planted  here." 

**Ho!y  Ghost,  we  look  to  thee." 

"Thou  hast  said,  exalti-d  Jesus." 

"  Ho  leadeth  me :  oh,  blessed  thought."                       ^ 

Author  of  24(1  hymns. 

"Praise  tlie  Redeemer,  all  mighty  Il»  save." 

"  Spirit  of  truth,  celestial  fire." 

"  See  how  the  fruitless  fig-tree  stands." 

"Once  I  was  estnmgecl  fntni  God." 

"The  Lord  is  my  sheplierd  and  guide." 

"  Death  is  no  more  the  frightful  foe." 

"Jesus,  omnipotent  Ut  save." 

"  Son  of  God,  our  glorious  head." 

"  Hast'ning  on  to  death's  dark  river." 

"Unclean,  unclean  and  fnl!  of  sin." 

'*  Come,  humble  sinner,  in  whose  breast." 

"Our  Father  God,  who  ait  in  heaven." 

"  Proclaim  the  lofty  praise." 

"My  soul,  mount  up  with  eagle  wings." 

"  How  firm  a  foundation,  ye  saints  of  the  Lord." 

"0  Lord,  where'er  thy  saints  apart." 

"  The  day  is  past  and  gone." 

"Shall  we  gather  at  the  river." 

"  Awake,  my  soul,  thy  God  to  praise." 

"  Father  of  mercies,  condescend." 

"Holy,  holy,  holy  Lord." 

"  Awake,  my  soul,  in  joyful  lays." 

"  My  hope  is  built  on  notliing  les--*." 

"  Let  us  with  a  gladsome  mind." 

"Holy  and  reverend  is  the  name." 

"  I>et  plenteous  grace  descend  on  those." 

"  'Tis  not  as  led  by  custom's  voice." 

"  There's  not  a  bird  with  lonely  nest." 

"  0  thou,  my  bouI,  foiget  no  more." 

"  In  floods  of  tribulation." 

"  This  rite  our  blest  Redeemer  gave." 

"  I  went  alone:  'twas  summer-time." 

"  Head  of  the  Church,  we  Ikjw  to  thee." 

"  Cast  thy  burden  on  the  Lord." 

"  There's  joy  in  heaven  and  joy  on  earth." 

"  There  is  a  land  mine  eye  hath  seen." 

"  Come,  thou  fount  of  eveo'  bieseing." 

"There  is  rest  in  the  shadow." 

"  In  all  my  Lord's  appointed  ways." 

"  'Tis  the  great  Father  we  adore." 

"To  thee  this  temple  we  devote." 

"Sound  the  battle-cry." 

"  3Iy  country,  'tis  of  thee." 

"The  Holy  Ghost  is  here." 

" The  Saviour!     Oh,  what  endless  charms.'* 

"Another  six  days'  work  is  done." 

"  On  Joidan's  stormy  banks  I  stand." 

"Who  can  forbear  to  sing." 

"  Hail,  sweetest,  dearest  lie  that  binds." 

"From  yonder  Rocky  Mountains." 

"Spirit  of  glory  and  of  grace." 

"Amidst  ten  thousand  anxituis cares." 

"Jesus,  full  of  all  compassion." 

"Oh,  love  divine!  oh.  matchless  grace." 

"Come  ye  who  bow  to  sovereign  grace." 

"Hail,  mighty  Je.sus!     How  divine." 

"Father,  gathered  round  the  bier." 

"Our  land  with  mercies  crowne<t." 

Author  of  14(1  hymns. 

"Oh.  charge  the  waves  to  bear  our  friends." 

"0  Father!   Lord  of  earth  ami  heaven." 

"On  the  cross  Iwhold  the  Saviour." 

AiKlcrBcn,  G.  W „ 

United  States 1 

Bult'erii    W    P 

England 

United  States 

Baxter,  Mrs.  Lyilia 

Knf^Iand i 

England 

Colver,  Nathaniel „ 

England 

Cultinc  S  S               

United  Statt-a 

England 

(( 

JDoaue  W  H 

United  Stales 

England 

United  States 

England 

England 

M 

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Giles  .luliti  E 

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England 

(( 

Harbottle,  Josei)h 

Hiiiton  Jnlia  H               

u      ' 

(( 

Home,  \V.  W 

England 

Ide  George  B          

United  States 

England 

United  States 

(1 

Keith,  George 

Knowles.  J.  D 

Lelaod,  John 

United  States 

K 

Lewis  W   G 

England 

Manly    Baail 

United  States 

England 

Milton   John                    

t( 

Noel  B  W       

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Pal,  Kriahua 

India 

England — 

England 

England 

United  States 

England 

United  Status 

England 

SatTery  Mra   M   G    

Sherwin  W  Y 

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England 

II 

ti 

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Tritton,  Joseph « 

Turner.  Paniel 

» 

United  States 

Waslilmrii    H    S   

United  States 

Winkler  K<lwin  T 

Ward   WilliHni 

Yeager,  George 

IDE 


568 


IDE 


I. 


Ide,  George  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Vt.,  in  1S04.  ami  was  the  son  of  Kev.  John  Idc,  a 
Baptist  minister  of  considerable  reputation  in  tlie 
section  in  which  he  lived.     Young  Ide  received  an 


GEORGE    B.  IDE,  D.D. 

academic  and  collegiate  education,  and  he  gradu- 
ated at  Middlebury  College.  It  was  his  purpose  to 
practise  law,  and  he  and  his  fellow-townsman  Red- 
field,  afterwards  Judge  Redfield,  of  Vermont,  com- 
menced a  course  of  legal  study  in  Brandon,  Vt. 
Like  Adoniram  Judson,  whose  father  also  was  a 
minister,  Mr.  Ide  was  inclined  to  be  a  skeptic,  and 
did  not  hesitate  sometimes  to  avow  his  infidel  sen- 
timents. But  he  was  reached  by  the  power  of  di- 
vine grace,  and  finally  became  settled  in  his  belief  of 
those  doctrines  which  he  so  eloquently  preached  in 
after-life.  At  once  he  threw  himself  into  the  work 
of  preaching  the  gospel,  and  as  a  revivalist  preached 
with  great  power  in  diflFerent  sections  in  Northern 
Vermont.  For  a  short  time  in  each  place  he  was 
pastor  of  the  churches  in  Derby,  Passumpsic  vil- 
lage, and  Brandon,  \t.,  from  which  place  he  was 
called  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  Here  he  remained  until,  having 
completed  a  four  years'  pastorate,  he  was  called  to 


the  Federal  Street,  now  Clarendon  Street,  church, 
in  Boston,  where  he  continued  for  two  years,  lie 
tlien  went  to  Philailolpbia  to  take  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  churcli  in  that  city,  where  he  remained 
for  fourteen  years,  taking  rank  with  the  ablest  and 
most  eloquent  preachers  of  any  denomination  in 
that  city.  From  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Ide  was  called 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  was  its  pastor  from  1852  to  tlie  time  of  his 
death,  a  period  of  nearly  twenty  years.  Twice 
during  this  time  lie  was  called  to  important  posi- 
tions in  New  York,  with  double  the  salary  he  was 
receiving  in  Springfield,  but  he  declined,  not  wish- 
ing to  take  upon  himself  the  burdens  of  a  large  city 
church. 

Without  doubt  Dr.  Ide  was  one  of  the  most  vig- 
orous and  effective  preachers  that  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination has  had  in  this  country.  He  has  given 
to  the  public  some  of  his  more  elaborate  discourses 
in  two  volumes,  bearing  the  titles  "Bible  Pictures" 
and  '■  Battle  Echoes,"  the  latter  a  series  of  sermons 
preached  during  the  late  civil  war.  He  was  also 
the  author  of  a  Sunday-school  book,  wliich  reached 
a  considerable  popularity,  entitled  "Ureen  Hol- 
low." He  published  also  a  missionary  sermon, 
and  several  works  of  a  denominational  character. 

Ide,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1785. 
For  more  tluiii  half  a  century  he  was  a  devoted 
minister  of  Christ.  He  was  converted  when  he  was 
about  thirty  years  of  age,  and  commenced  his  min- 
isterial labors  in  Coventry,  Vt.  He  was  greatly 
prospered  in  his  work.  In  one  of  the  revivals 
which  occurred  under  his  ministry,  six  of  his  own 
children  were  converted  and  baptized  together.  In 
tlie  different  pastorates  which  he  held,  he  was  suc- 
cessful in  the  vocation  upon  wliich  in  early  man- 
hood he  had  entered.  Wlien  he  commenced  his  min- 
istry the  Baptists  in  Vermont  were  comparatively 
few  in  number,  and  were  "everywhere  spoken 
against."  They  were  taxed  to  support  the  "  stand- 
ing order"  by  the  laws  of  the  State.  In  case  of 
refusal  to  pay  their  taxes  they  were  subject  to  the 
"  pains  and  penalties"  of  the  law,  obedience  to 
which  they  could  not  conscientiously  render.  In 
the  meridian  of  his  days  Mr.  Ide  was  associated 
with  Gov.  Butler,  and  men  who  sympathized  with 
him,  in  fighting  the  battles  of  religious  freedom  in 
the  Vermont  Legislature.  They  were  at  last  suc- 
cessful, and  the  Baptists  were  no  longer  compelled 
to  support  a  ministry  which  did  not  preach  what 


ILLINOIS 


569 


IMMERSION 


they  regarded  as  the  whole  trutli.  Mr.  Ide  died  at 
Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  ISGO. 

Illinois,  Missionary  Organizations. — What 
seems  to  have  been  the  beginning  of  organized  mis- 
sionary work  in  Illinois  was  the  appointment,  by 
a  meeting  of  Baptists  held  at  Edwardsville  in  1831, 
of  a  committee,  instructed  to  arrange  and  superin- 
tend "  a  system  of  traveling  preaching  to  promote 
the  interests  of  religion  within  the  limits  of  Illi- 
nois.' The  members  of  this  committee  were  James 
Lemen,  Paris  Mason,  George  Stacey,  James  Pul- 
liam,  15.  F.  Edwards,  J.  M.  Peck,  and  Ilubbell 
Loomis.  Ilev.  J.  M.  Peck  was  the  missionary 
placed  under  appointment  by  this  committee,  re- 
ceiving his  support  from  the  East,  through  an  ar- 
rangement with  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Society.  The  committee  named  above  do 
not  seem  to  have  attempted  independent  work  of 
any  kind,  but  simply  served  as  an  agency  for  cor- 
respondence with  the  Massachusetts  board,  through 
Dr.  Going. 

Of  the  missionaries  put  into  the  field  under  this 
joint  arrangement  may  be  named,  besides  Mr. 
Peck,  Alvin  Bailey,  Moses  Lemen,  Gardner  Bart- 
lett,  Jacob  Bower,  and  Elijah  Dodson, — all  names 
of  note  in  the  Baptist  pioneer  history  of  Illinois. 
The  committee  continued  under  appointment  from 
year  to  year  by  what  was  called  the  General  Union 
Meeting  of  Illinois  Baptists,  until  October,  1834. 
At  that  time  the  Illinois  Baptist  State  Convention 
was  organized  at  Whitehall,  Green  Co.  Three  As- 
sociations and  two  churches  were  represented  in 
its  formation.  The  scope  of  the  society  was  soon 
enlarged,  so  that  at  the  third  anniversary,  which 
was  lield  at  Peoria,  Oct.  12,  1837,  eight  Associations 
and  ten  churches  were  represented.  The  support 
of  missions  in  the  State  was  made  a  chief  feature  of 
the  Convention's  yearly  plans,  and  at  the  anniver- 
sary just  alluded  to  it  was  resolved  to  raise,  in  the 
ensuing  year,  S20U0  for  this  purpose.  Attention 
was  also  given  to  ministerial  education,  the  insti- 
tution at  Upper  Alton  being  one  of  the  objects  re- 
ported upon  regularly  at  the  yearly  meetings. 

At  the  anniversary  of  the  Convention,  held  at 
Bellville,  Oct.  3,  1844,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  confer  with  a  committee  of  the  Northwestern 
Baptist  Convention  upon  the  subject  of  a  union  of 
the  two  bodies.  These  committees  met  at  Canton, 
November  21  following,  and  a  new  organization 
was  made,  called  the  Illinois  Baptist  General  Asso- 
ciation, covering  the  whole  State.  The  Northwest- 
ern Convention  liad  been  formed  in  1841,  in  conse- 
ipience  of  dissatisfaction  with  the  proceedings  of  the 
State  Convention,  "  and  to  accommodate  and  bring 
into  concerted  action  the  brethren  residing  in  Wis- 
consin, Iowa,  and  Northern  Indiana,"  along  with 
the  Baptists  in  Northern  Illinois.  By  the  recent 
action,  this  body  was  now  merged  in  the  Illinois 
37 


Baptist  General  Association,  which  has  remained 
until  the  present  date  the  missionary  organization 
for  the  State.  A  "  Baptist  Convention  for  South- 
ern Illinois,"  composed  of  churches  and  Associa- 
tions declining  to  enter  into  the  new  organization, 
continued  for  some  years  to  exist,  but  the  strength 
of  the  Baptist  body  in  the  State  has  been  concen- 
trated in  the  General  Association  from  the  time  of 
its  organization  at  Canton,  in  1844.  Since  that 
date,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  number 
of  missionaries  bearing  its  commission  has  been 
about  000,  the  number  of  baptisms  by  these  mis- 
sionaries not  far  from  4000,  and  the  amount  of 
money  raised  and  expended  in  salaries  to  mission- 
aries nearly  S12.j,000. 

Illinois  Woman's  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety.— The  Woman's  Baptist  Missionary  Sciciety 
of  the  West  was  organized  at  Chicago,  May  9,  1871. 
Its  first  officers  were  Mrs.  Robert  Harris,  President ; 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Bacon,  Recording  Secretary ;  Mrs.  C. 
F.  Tolman,  Corresponding  Secretary  ;  Mrs.  S.  M. 
Osgood,  Treasurer.  The  society  is  auxiliary  to  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  having  been 
formally  accepted  as  such  at  the  anniversary  meet- 
ing in  May,  1871.  At  the  first  annual  meeting 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Stevens  was  present,  the  first  applicant 
for  appointment  to  the  foreign  field.  Since  that  time 
24  missionaries  have  been  sent  out,  of  whom  one 
has  returned  in  feeble  health,  two  have  died,  seven 
have,  by  marriage,  been  transferred  to  the  service 
of  the  Missionary  Union  ;  leaving  as  missionaries 
of  this  society  (1880),  six  in  Burmah,  three  in  In- 
dia, and  five  in  China.  Miss  Daniels,  of  Swatow, 
China,  is  the  only  medical  missionary  connected 
with  the  society  of  the  West.  During  the  year 
1879-80  the  society  supported  13  missionaries, 
17  schools,  and  31  Bible-women.  It  sent  within 
the  year  contributions  to  18  missionaries  of  the 
Union,  and  to  2  supported  by  the  Society  of  the 
East. 

The  contributions  during  the  first  year  of  the  so- 
ciety were  S4244.G9.  Those  reported  for  the  year 
1879-80  amounted  to  Sl8,483.91.  The  present  of- 
ficers of  the  society  are  Mrs.  A.  J.  Howe,  President ; 
Mrs.  C.  F.  Tolman,  A'ice-President ;  Mrs.  J.  O. 
Brayman,  Recording  Secretary  ;  Jlrs.  A.  M.  Bacon, 
Corresponding  Secretary  ;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Smitli,  Treas- 
urer. 

Immersion. — We  have  a  profound  regard  for 
the  theology  of  John  Calvin,  and  for  many  of  his 
utterances.  We  view  his  declaration,  "  The  word 
baptize^  however,  signifies  to  immerse,  and  it  is 
certain  that  immersion  was  observed  by  the  an- 
cient church,"*  as  displaying  sound  learning,  an 
accurate  knowledge  of  church  history,  and  fidelity 

*  Ipstlm  baptizandf  verbiim  mergers  signiflcat,  et  niergendi, 
rituni  veteri  ecclosiro  olaorvatuni  fuisso  constat.  lost,  Christ. 
Belig.,  lib.  iv.  cap.  15,  sect.  19.    LoDilon,  157G. 


IMMERSION 


570 


IMMERSION 


to  truth.  No  man  fully  acquainted  witli  the  facts 
upon  which  the  opinion  of  tlie  great  Genevan  was 
based,  eould  speak  otherwise  and  maintain  fidelity 
to  the  truth.  Luther  says,  "Baptism  is  a  Greek 
word ;  in  Latin  it  can  be  translated  immersion,  as 
when  we  plunge  something  into  water  that  it  may 
be  completely  covered  with  water.''*  Luther  and 
Calvin  translate  the  Greek  word  baptism  as  it  was 
understood  by  those  who  used  the  language  of 
which  it  was  a  part,  before  Christ's  days,  and  ever 
afterwards.  In  the  sense  of  immersion  it  is  em- 
ployed in  the  New  Testament.  The  whole  church 
of  Christ  practised  immersion  for  at  least  twelve 
centuries  of  our  era,  and  several  nations  baptize  in 
that  manner  still. 

Tertullian,  in  the  end  of  the  second  century, 
writes,  "  The  act  of  baptism  itself  belongs  to  the 
flesh,  because  we  are  immersed  in  water.'^f  Jerome, 
in  his  notes  on  Ephesians  iv.  5,  says,  "  "We  are  im- 
mersed three  timesj  to  receive  the  one  baptism  of 
Christ."  Ambrose,  expounding  the  baptismal 
death  in  Romans  vi.  3,  says,  "  The  death,  there- 
fore, is  a  figurative,  not  a  real  bodily  death,  for 
when  you  are  immersing  you  present  a  likeness  of 
death  and  burial. ''|  Pope  Leo  the  Great,  speak- 
ing of  baptism  in  the  fifth  century,  says,  "  Trine 
nimersion  is  an  imitation  of  the  three  days'  burial 
(of  Christ),  and  the  Emersion  out  of  the  waters  is  a 
figure  (of  the  Saviour)  rising  from  the  grave."  || 

According  to  Bede,  who  died  in  735,  Paulinas, 
theapostleof  the  north  of  England,  "washed"'  some 
of  his  converts  "  in  the  river  Glen,"  baptized  others 
"in  the  river  Swale"  of  Yorkshire,"  and  a  "great 
multitude  in  the  river  Trent. "1[  Laufranc,  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  in  the  eleventh  century, 
commenting  on  Phil.  iii.  10,  says,  "Being  made 
conformable  unto  his  death  in  baptism,  for  as 
Christ  lay  for  three  days  in  the  sepulchre,  so  let 
there  be  a  trine  immersion  in  baptism."**  St. 
Bernard,  the  most  prominent  ecclesiastic  in  France 
in  the  twelfth  century,  in  his  sermon  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,  says,  "Baptism  is  the  first  of  all  the  sacra- 
ments, in  which  we  are  planted  together  in  the 
likeness  of  his  (Christ's)  death.  Ilence  trine  im- 
mersion represents  the  three  days  we  are  about  to 
celebrate. ''ft 

There  are  many  baptisteries  in  Italy  that  were 

*  Latine  potest  verti  mersio,  cum  inQmergimus  aliquid  in  aqnam 
ut  totum  tegatur  aqua.  De  Sacram.  Bapt.  Opera  Lutheri,  i.  p.  319. 
1564. 

t  In  aqua  mergimur.  De  Baptismo,  cap.  7,  pars  ii.  p.  37.  Lipsise, 
1839. 

I  Ter  mergimur,  totne  ix.  p.  109.     Basle,  1516, 

§  Cum  enim  mt'rgis,  mortis  suscepis  ct  sepultar^  Bimilitudinem. 
De  Sacramentis,  lib.  ii.  cap.  7. 

\  Trina  tiemeraio,  ep.  16,  rot.  liv.  p.  699,  Patrl.  Lat. 

IT  In  fluvio  Gleni  ...  in  Sualo  fluvio.  In  fliivio  Treenta.  Hist. 
Eccles.,  ii.  14,  p.  104 ;  ii.  16,  p.  107.    Oxonii,  1846. 

**  Sic  in  baptismate  trina  sit  immereio. 

tt  Trina  mersio. 


used  for  centuries  for  the  immersion  of  candidates 
for  baptism.  The  most  remarkable  of  these  is  in 
the  catacomb  of  San  Ponziano,  Home.  It  is  on  the 
right  side  of  the  Via  Ostiensis,  and  at  a  short  dis- 
tance beyond  the  Porta  Portese.  Through  this 
cemetery  a  stream  of  water  runs,  the  channel  of 
which  is  diverted  into  a  reservoir,  which  was  used 
for  administering  baptism  by  immersion  from  the 
first  to  the  fourth  centuries -.JJ  and  within  a  few 
years  candidates  for  primitive  baptism  have  been 
buried  under  its  waters  once  more.  Dr.  CoteJ^  gives 
a  list  of  sixty-seven  of  those  baptisteries  that  exist 
in  Italy  now,  some  of  them  ready  for  service  and 
others  greatly  changed.  Not  a  few  of  the  edi- 
fices reared  to  cover  the  baptismal  pools  are  spa- 
cious and  magnificent.  The  baptisteries  above 
ground  were  erected  from  the  fourth  to  the  four- 
teenth century.  The  sacristan  who  shows  the 
sacred  structure  has  no  hesitation  in  telling  the 
visitor  that  the  church  formerly  practised  immer- 
sion. Until  the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury immersion  was  the  mode  of  baptism  of  all 
Western  Christendom,  except  in  cases  of  sickne.ss, 
and  it  was  a  common  practice  long  afterwards  in 
many  parts  of  the  papal  dominions ;  it  was  the 
general  usage  in  England  until  after  the  Reforma- 
tion, and  it  was  frequently  observed  down  to  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century.  There  is  a 
record  of  the  immersion  of  Arthur  and  Margaret, 
the  brother  and  sister  of  Henry  VIII., I|||  and  there 
is  no  doubt  that  immersion  was  the  mode  of  bap- 
tism that  prevailed  all  over  his  kingdom  in  Henry's 
day. 

AVilliam  'Wall,  the  learned  Episcopalian  writer, 
says,  that  "  in  1536  the  lower  house  of  Convocation 
sent  to  the  upper  house  a  protestation,  containing 
a  catalogue  of  some  errors  and  some  profane  say- 
ings that  began  to  be  handed  about  among  some 
people,  craving  the  concurrence  of  the  upper  house 
in  condemning  them.     Some  of  them  are  these : 

"  '  That  it  is  as  lawful  to  christen  a  child  in  a  tub 
of  water  at  home,  or  in  a  ditch  by  the  way,  as  in  a 
font-stone  in  the  church.' 

"  I  think,''  says  Wall,  "  it  may  probably  be  con- 
cluded from  their  expressions,  that  the  ordinary 
way  of  baptizing  at  this  time  in  England,  whether 
in  the  church  or  out  of  it,  was  by  putting  the  child 
into  the  water."'[f  He  then  proceeds  to  give  the 
others. 

In  Tyndale's  "  Obedience  of  a  Christian  Man," 
published  in  1528,  he  writes,  "Ask  the  people  what 
they  understand  by  their  baptism  or  washing,  and 

tt  Baptism  and  Baptisteries,  p.  102.  .\mer.  Bapt.  Publication 
Society. 

g?  Idem,  110-112. 

II  Cnthcart's  Baptism  of  the  Ages,  pp.  41-43.  Amer.  Bapt.  Pub- 
lication  Society. 

Hlf  History  of  Infant  Baptism,  p.  648.    Nashville. 


IMMERSION 


571 


IMMERSION 


thou  shalt  see  that  they  believe  how  that  the  very 
plunging  into  the  water  saveth  them.''  .  .  .  "Be- 
hold how  narrowly  the  people  look  on  the  cere- 
mony. If  ought  be  left  out,  or  if  the  child  be  not 
altogether  dipt  in  the  water,  or  if,  because  the 
child  is  sick,  the  priest  dare  not  plunge  him  into 
the  water,  but  pour  water  on  his  head,  how  tremble 
they!  how  quake  they!  'How  say  ye.  Sir  John' 
(the  priest),  say  they,  '  is  this  child  christened 
enough?  Hath  it  his  full  Christendom?'  They 
verily  believe  that  the  child  is  not  christened."* 
At  this  time  plunging  into  water  was  the  mode  of 
baptism  in  England,  and  the  exception  of  sick 
children  was  evidently  unpopular  ;  and  the  substi- 
tute for  immersion,  according  to  good  William  Tyn- 
dale,  the  translator  of  the  English  Bible,  was  re- 
garded with  grave  suspicions. 

The  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  issued  by  the  au- 
thority of  Edward  VI.,  in  lo49,  says,  "Then  the 
priest  shall  take  the  child  in  his  hands,  and  ask 
the  name.  And  naming  the  child,  shall  dip  it  in 
the  water  thrice.  First,  dipping  the  right  side; 
second,  the  left  side;  the  third  time  dipping  the 
face  toward  the  font ;  so  it  be  discreetly  and 
warily  done.  And  if  the  child  be  weak  it  shall 
suffice  to  pour  water  upon  it.'"t  Immersion  was 
still  the  custom  as  well  as  the  law  in  England, 
with  the  exception  for  which  the  Prayer  Book  made 
provision. 

On  May  18,  1556,  a  complaint  was  made  against 
a  considerable  number  of  persons  who  favored  the 
gospel  in  Ipswich,  before  Queen  JIary's  council, 
sitting  in  commission  at  Beccles,  in  Suffolk.  Among 
the  charges  preferred  wa.s  a  refusal  to  have  children 
dipped  in  the  fonts: 

"  Mother  Fenkel,  and  Joan  Ward,  alias  Bent- 
ley's  wife,  refused  to  have  children  dipped  in  the 
fonts.  Mother  Beriff,  midwife,  refused  to  have 
children  dipped  in  the  fonts.''J 

There  is  no  hint  given  by  Fox,  who  records  the 
names  and  accusations  of  these  servants  of  God, 
that  they  preferred  sprinkling  or  pouring  for  the 
children.  They  were  Baptists  undoubtedly,  and 
dipping  in  the  font  was  still  the  common  mode  of 
baptism. 

Mr.  Blake,  vicar  of  Tamworth,  in  Staffordshire, 
the  author  of  a  pamphlet  published  in  1645,  enti- 
tled "  Infant's  Baptism  Freed  from  Antichristian- 
ism,''  writes  on  the  first  page,  "  I  have  been  an 
eye-witness  of  many  infants  dipped,  and  know  it 
to  have  been  the  constant  practice  of  many  minis- 
ters in  their  places  for  many  years  together."  Mr. 
Blake  is  supposed  to  have  been  forty-three  years 
of  age  when  he  wrote  his  pamphlet. 


•  Doctrinal  Treatises,  i.  276-77.    Parker  Society. 

t  Liturgies  of  King  Edward  VI.,  pp.  Ill,  112.    Parker  Society. 

X  Acts  and  Monuments,  viii.  599.    London,  1839. 


In  the  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  on 
Aug.  7,  1044,  according  to  Dr.  John  Lightfoot, 
when  a  vote  was  taken  on  the  question,  "  The 
minister  shall  take  water  and  sprinkle  or  pour  it 
with  his  hand  upon  the  face  or  forehead  of  the 
child,"  "  it  was  voted  so  indifferently  that  we  were 
glad  to  count  names  twice,  for  so  many  were  uitwiU- 
ing  to  have  dijiping  excluded  that  the  vote  came  to 
an  equality  within  one  ;  for  the  one  side  was 
twenty-five,  the  other  twenty-four,  the  twenty-four 
for  the  reserving  of  dipping  and  the  twenty-five 
against  it.''^  The  question  was  finally  decided 
against  immersion  the  next  day,  and  "  it  is  said 
entirely  by  the  influence  of  Dr.  Lightfoot,"  as 
Ivimey  states. |1  It  seems  surprising  that  an  as- 
sembly of  Presbyterians  should  be  nearly  equally 
divided  about  retaining  immersion  as  a  mode  of 
baptism,  and  that  "so  many  (in  it),  though  none 
of  them  were  Baptists,  were  unwilling  to  have 
dipping  excluded.''  Learned  Roman  Catholics  and 
Episcopalians  have  no  prejudices  against  immer- 
sion ;  but,  in  1876,  Rev.  J.  II.  Clark,  of  the  Lack- 
awanna Presbytery,  Pa.,  immersed  an  applicant 
for  membership  in  his  church,  for  which  he  was 
censured  by  his  Presbytery.  His  appeal  to  the 
Synod  of  Philadelphia  resulted  in  the  following 
decision  :  "  In  view  of  the  teachings  and  principles 
entering  into  the  doctrine  of  baptism,  we  judge 
that  the  administration  of  baptism  by  Rev.  J.  II. 
Clark,  in  the  case  excepted  to  came  within  the 
possible  limits  of  a  permissible  administration  of 
the  rite,  and  although  without  any  sanction  of  com- 
mand or  fact  in  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  yet  did  not 
involve  a  moral  wrong.  The  mode  of  administra- 
tion, however,  not  being  accordant  with  the  dis- 
tinctive mode  of  baptism  accepted  and  appointed 
by  the  Presbyterian  Church,  we  do  approve  of  the 
spirit  of  the  exception  of  the  Presbytery  of  Lacka- 
wanna, as,"1[  etc.  The  ministers  composing  the 
Synod  of  Philadelphia  are  men  of  broad  culture 
and  Christian  integrity,  but  they  differ  widely 
from  Mr.  Coleman  and  Mr.  Marshall  and  "  many" 
others  in  the  AVestminster  Assembly,  who  wore 
"umcilling  to  hare  dipping  excluded;"  but  the 
men  of  English  birth  who  took  part  in  framing  the 
Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  United  States,  in  1644,  had  seen  immersions  all 
around  them  in  the  state  church,  the  older  men  in 
large  numbers,  the  younger  men  less  frequently  ; 
and  many  of  them  loved  the  baptism  of  their 
fiithers  and  of  the  Founder  of  Christianity. 

Mr.  Crosby  mentions  that  "  many  sober  and 
pious  people  belonging  to  the  congregations  of 
the  Dissenters  about  London  were  convinced  that 


2  The  'n'bole  Works  of  Lightfoot,  Tol.  xiii.  301.    London,  1824. 
I  History  of  the  English  Baptists,  i.  183.     London,  1811. 
^  Buriage's  Act  of  Baptism,  p.  210.    Amer.  Bapt.  Pub.  Soc. 


IMMERSION 


572 


IMMERSIONS 


believers  were  tlie  only  proper  subjects  of  baptism, 
and  that  it  ought  to  be  administered  by  immer- 
sion,"  and  not  being  satisfied  with  the  qualifica- 
tions of  any  administrator  in  EngUind,  they  sent 
Richard  Blount  to  Holland,  who  received  immer- 
sion there ;  and  on  his  return  he  baptized  accord- 
ing to  the  primitive  mode  Samuel  Blacklock,  a 
minister,  and  these  baptized  the  rest  of  the  com- 
pany.* This  event  vinji  have  occurred,  and  if  it 
did,  it  was  probably  about  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  of  Charles  I. ;  no  regular  Calvinistkal  Bap- 
tist^ninister  may  have  been  permitted  to  live  in  Eng- 
land by  the  oppressions  of  the  king  and  Laud,  and 
though  large  numbers  of  persons  then  living  in  that 
country  had  been  immersed,  in  the  majority  of  cases 
it  was  not  after  believing.  Mr.  Hutchinson,  from 
whom  Crosby  quotes,  says  about  these  persons, 
"  The  great  objection  was  the  want  of  an  adminis- 
trator, which,  as  I  have  heard,  was  removed  by 
sending  certain  messengers  to  Holland."  Crosby 
himself  says,  "This  agrees  with  an  account  given 
of  the  matter  in  an  ancient  manuscript,  said  to  have 
been  written  by  Mr.  William  Kiffin."  We  would 
not  bear  heavily  on  the  testimony  adduced  by  these 
good  men. 

The  Rev.  John  Mason  Xeale,  a  learned  Episco- 
palian, whose  "  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern 
Church''  is  an  authority  on  most  of  the  topics  on 
which  it  treats,  writes,  "  The  Constantinopolitan 
(Greek  Church)  ritual  says,  'The  priest  baptizes 
him,  holding  him  upright,  and  facing  the  East, 
and  saying,  "The  servant  of  God  is  baptized  in  the 
name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the 
Holy  Spirit,"  etc.  At  each  sentence  plunging  and 
raising  him  up  from  the  water.' 

"  The  Coptic  ritual  says,  '  He  thrice  immerses 
him,  and  after  each  immersion  raises  him  up  and 
breathes  in  his  face.' 

"  The  Armenian  ritual  says, '  Then  the  priest  takes 
the  child  in  his  arms,  and  immerses  him  thrice  in 
water,  as  an  emblem  of  the  three  days'  burial  of 
Christ.'  "t 

In  a  celebrated  Syriac  liturgy  it  is  written,  "  The 
priest  stands  by  the  font,  and  invokes  the  Spirit,  who 
desccndeth  from  on  high,  and  rests  on  the  waters, 
and  sanctifies  them,  and  makes  new  sons  to  God. 

"  When  the  child  is  plunged  into  the  water  the 
priest  saith,  '  N.  is  baptized  for  sanctity  and  salva- 
tion and  a  blameless  life,  and  a  blessed  resurrection 
from  the  dead,  in  the  name  of  the  Father.  Amen. 
And  of  the  Son.  Amen.  And  of  the  living  and 
Holy  Ghost  for  life  everlasting.  Amen.'  "J  "  All 
the  Syrian  forms  prescribe  or  assume  trine  immer- 
sion."^ 

*  pistorjr  of  the  English  Baptists,  i.  161-83. 
t  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Church,  p.  949.    London,  1850. 
J  Neale's  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Cliurch,  pp.  992-93.    Lon- 
don, 1850.  I  Idem,  950. 


Badger  gives  the  baptismal  ritual  of  the  Nestor- 
ians,  which  says,  "Then  they  shall  take  him  (the 
child)  to  the  priest,  standing  by  the  font,  who  shall 
place  him  therein,  with  his  face  to  the  East,  and  he 
shall  dip  him  therein  three  times.  ...  In  dipping 
him  he  shall  dip  him  up  to  the  neck,  and  then  put 
his  hand  upon  him,  so  that  his  head  may  be  sub- 
merged ;  then  the  priest  shall  take  him  out  of  the 
font  and  give  him  to  the  deacon."  || 

In  Picart's  description  of  Abyssinian  baptism,  we 
learn  that  "  As  soon  as  the  benediction  of  the  font 
is  over  the  priest  plunges  the  infant  into  it  three 
times  successively.  At  the  first  he  dips  one-third 
part  of  the  infant's  body  into  the  water,  saying,  '  I 
baptize  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Father;'  he  then 
dips  him  lower,  about  two-thirds,  adding,  '  I  bap- 
tize thee  in  the  name  of  the  Son ;'  the  third  time 
he  plunges  him  all  over,  saying,  '  I  baptize  thee  in 
the  name  of  the  Holy  Ghost.'  "H 

The  same  author,  as  quoted  by  Burrage,  de- 
scribing the  baptism  of  "  the  Rhynsburgers,  or  Col- 
legiants,  a  branch  of  the  Meunonites,  originating 
in  Holland,"  says, — 

"  The  candidate  for  baptism  makes  publicly  his 
profession  of  faith  on  a  Saturday,  in  the  morning, 
before  an  assembly  of  Rhynsburgers  held  for  that 
purpose.  A  discourse  is  pronounced  on  the  excel- 
lency and  nature  of  baptism.  The  minister  and 
candidate  go  together  to  a  pond  behind  a  house 
belonging  to  his  sect  (we  might  call  it  a  hospital, 
since  they  received  for  nothing  those  who  had  not 
wherewithal  to  pay  their  hotel  bills).  In  that 
pond  the  neophyte,  catechumen,  or  candidate  is 
baptized  by  immersion.  If  a  man,  he  has  a  waist- 
coat and  drawers  ;  if  a  woman,  a  bodice  and  pet- 
ticoat, with  leads  in  the  hem."**  Picart's  work 
was  published  in  Amsterdam  in  1736. 

The  Russian  Church,  the  Greek  Church  in  Turkey 
and  in  the  little  kingdom  of  Greece,  the  Armenian, 
Nestorian,  Coptic,  Abyssinian,  and  the  other  Chris- 
tian communities  of  the  East,  have  always  practised 
immersion,  and  that  is  their  usage  at  this  hour. 
About  a  fourth  of  the  whole  Christian  people  on 
earth  still  immerse  in  baptism ;  and  counting  the 
centuries  when  immersion  was  the  mode  of  baptism 
used  by  all  Christendom,  and  the  millions  that  em- 
ploy it  still,  we  are  safe  in  affirming  that  a  majority 
of  all  Christians,  living  and  dead,  were  immersed 
in  baptism.  (See  articles  on  Scriptural  Mode  of 
Baptism,  Baptism  of  Clovis,  Baptism  of  Ten 
Thousand  English.) 

Immersions,  Great  European.— There  are  sev- 
eral remarkable  baptisms  which  took  place  when 
Christianity  was  triumphantly  introduced  into  some 


I  The  Nestorians  and  their  Rituals,  pp.  207, 208.    London,  1862. 
\  Bun-age's  Act  of  Baptism,  p.  182. 
*»  Idem,  p.  180. 


IMPOSITION 


.073 


INDIAN 


of  the  European  nations  in  which  the  mode  was 
positively  immersion.  Saint  Patrick  baptized  more 
than  12,000  men  at  one  time  in  a  spring  in  Ireland. 
(See  article  on  Patrick,  The  Aposti.e  of  Ire- 
land.) Clovis,  king  of  the  Franks,  with  3000  war- 
riors, his  two  sisters,  and  other  women  and  their 
children,  was  baptized  by  "trine  immersion''  in 
496.  (See  article  on  The  Baptism  of  Clovis.) 
Ten  thousand  English  were  immersed  in  the  river 
Swale,  near  Canterbury,  in  .597.  (.See  article  on 
Baptism  of  Tex  Thousand  English.)  Three 
thousand  English  were  baptized  by  Paulinus  in  627, 
in  a  fountain  in  Northumberland,  England.  (See 
article  on  Baptistery  of  Paulinus  in  England.) 
The  whole  population  of  the  city  of  KiefF  were  im- 
mersed in  the  Dneiper  at  one  time,  about  988. 
(See  article  on  Baptism  of  the  Population  of 
KiEFF.)  These  great  baptisms  must  have  con- 
formed to  the  recognized  mode  of  administering  the 
ordinance. 

Imposition  of  Hands  after  Baptism  was  a 
common  custom  among  Baptists  in  tlie  seventeenth 
century,  in  Europe  and  America,  though  it  never 
was  a  general  practice.  Its  observance  often  occa- 
sioned bitter  controversies,  which  sometimes  rent 
churches.  The  First  church  of  Providence,  R.  I., 
continued  the  laying  on  of  hands  till  the  end  of 
Dr.  Manning's  ministry  ;  and  the  supposition  that 
he  held  the  observance  of  it  rather  to  satisfy  the 
consciences  of  others  than  to  meet  the  demands  of 
his  own,  subjected  him  to  much  opposition.  When 
the  Philadelphia  Association  adopted  the  English 
Baptist  Confession  of  Faith  of  1689,  they  added  two 
articles  to  that  document,  one  "  On  Singing  of 
Psalms,''  and  another  on  "  Laying  on  of  Hands." 
In  the  latter  article  the  Confession  of  Faith  says, 
"We  believe  that  laying  on  of  hands,  with  prayer, 
upon  baptized  believers,  as  such,  is  an  ordinance 
of  Christ,  and  ought  to  be  submitted  unto  by  all 
such  persons  as  are  admitted  to  partake  of  the 
Lord's  Supper :  and  that  the  end  of  this  ordinance 
is  not  for  the  extraordinary  gifts  of  the  Spirit,  but 
for  a  further  reception  of  the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise, 
or  for  the  addition  of  the  graces  of  the  Spirit,  and 
the  influences  thereof;  to  confirm,  strengthen,  and 
comfort  them  in  Christ  Jesus  ;  it  being  ratified  and 
established  by  the  extraordinary  gifts  of  the  Spirit 
in  the  primitive  times,  to  abide  in  the  church,  as 
meeting  together  on  the  first  day  of  tlie  week  was. 
Acts  ii.  1,  that  being  the  day  of  worship  or  Chris- 
tian Sabbath,  under  the  gospel ;  and  as  preaching 
the  Word  was,  Acts  x.  44,  and  as  baptism  was, 
Matt.  iii.  16,  and  prayer  was,  Acts  iv.  31,  and  sing- 
ing psalms,  etc.,  was.  Acts  xvi.  2.5,  26,  so  this  of 
laying  on  of  hands  was,  Acts  viii.  and  xix. ;  for 
as  the  whole  gospel  was  confirmed  by  signs  and 
wonders,  and  divers  miracles  and  gifts  of  the  Holy 
Ghost  in  general,  so  was  every  ordinance  in  like 


manner  confirmed  in  particular."  This  article  was 
adopted  with  the  Confession,  Sept.  25,  1742.  The 
Roxborough  and  Second  Baptist  churches  of  Phila- 
delphia still  practise  this  observance.  Before  the 
hand  of  fellowship  is  given  to  the  newly  baptized 
the  pastor  places  his  hands  upon  the  head  of  each 
one  and  prays  for  the  person. 

By  most  modern  Baptist  churches  the  article 
quoted  from  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  unwise  things  received 
by  our  American  religious  ancestors.  The  few 
churches  that  still  retain  this  usage  see  something 
in  it  to  admire. 

Imputed  Righteousness.  See  article  on  Jus- 
tification. 

Index,  The  Christian,  a  weekly  Baptist  paper, 
has  been  publi^hed  in  the  State  of  Georgia  since 
the  year  1833.  It  was  first  issued  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Baptist  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions,  under  the  name  of  The  Colum- 
bian Star,  and  was  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where 
it  was  edited  by  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  the  elder, 
with  the  approval  of  the  board.  In  1833  it  was 
transferred  to  Jesse  Mercer,  who  began  its  publica- 
tion in  Washington,  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.,  for  his  own 
convenience,  securing  the  services  of  Rev.  Wm.  H. 
Stokes  as  assistant  editor.  In  1840,  Mr.  Mercer 
transferred  the  paper  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con- 
vention, by  which  body  it  was  published  in  Penfield 
until  1856,  when  it  was  removed  to  Macon.  In 
1861  it  was  sold  to  S.  Boykin,  at  that  time  its  edi- 
tor. By  him  it  was  published  until  the  close  of 
the  civil  war,  when  he  sold  it  to  J.  J.  Toon,  of  At- 
lanta, who  transferred  it  to  that  city.  A  kw  vears 
ago  Mr.  Toon  sold  his  entire  publishing  establish- 
ment, including  the  Index,  to  Jas.  P.  Harrison  & 
Co.,  who  now  issue  the  Index.  It  is  doubtful  if 
there  is  any  other  one  instrumentality  by  which 
the  denomination  in  Georgia  has  been  more  bene- 
fited and  united  than  The  Christian  Index.  Its 
present  editor  is  Dr.  II.  II.  Tucker,  a  writer  of 
great  clearness  and  power,  of  extensive  erlidition, 
of  mature  judgment,  full  of  love  for  the  truth,  one 
of  nature's  noblemen,  whose  journal  is  an  honor 
to  the  Baptist  denomination. 

Indian  Missions. — The  attention  of  the  Baptist 
Triennial  Convention  was  early  turned  to  the 
spiritual  condition  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  Xorth 
America.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Convention 
after  its  formation  in  1814,  steps  were  taken  to 
commence  evangelical  work  among  these  "  wards 
of  the  nation."  In  the  directions  given  to  Messrs. 
John  M.  Peck  and  James  E.  Welch,  they  were 
specially  enjoined  in  the  performance  of  their  duties 
as  domestic  missionaries,  stationed  at  St.  Louis,  to 
carry  the  gospel  to  the  Indians  with  whom  they 
might  be  brought  in  contact.  The  first  person  ap- 
pointed to  devote  his  whole  time  to  this  work  was 


LXDIAN 


574 


INDIANA 


Rev.  Isaac  McCoy,  who  was  stationed  at  what  was 
at  that  time— 1818— the  far  West,— Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.  The  several  tribes  of  Miamies,  Kickapoos, 
Ottawas,  and  Pottiiwatomies,  all  speaking  dialects 
which  had  among  them  much  that  was  common, 
came  within  the  sphere  of  Mr.  McCoy's  labors. 
He  was  so  far  successful  in  his  attempts  to  reach 
the  people  in  the  field  of  his  missionary  operations 
that  he  succeeded  in  gathering  a  school  of  48  pupils, 
and  in  viirious  ways  liad  brought  the  truths  of  the 
gospel  to  the  knowledge  of  these  heathen  of  North 
America. 

In  1822  a  new  station  was  established  on  the 
banks  of  the  St.  Joseph's  Kiver.  This  new  station, 
which  was  named  Carey  in  honor  of  the  distin- 
guished missionary,  was  a  hundred  miles  from  the 
nearest  settlement  of  white  men.  To  this  place 
those  who  had  been  gathered  under  the  fostering 
care  of  the  missionary  at  Fort  Wayne  were  re- 
moved, so  that  it  was  not  long  before  there  was  a 
church  at  Carey  of  30  or  40  members,  many  of 
whom  wore  Indians,  and  it  is  said  that  "  its  exer- 
cises of  public  worship  on  the  Sabbath  often  at- 
tracted large  companies  of  natives  from  the  adjacent 
settlements." 

A  third  station  was  formed  on  the  Grand  River 
among  the  Ottawas,  which  was  called  Thomas,  in 
honor  of  the  English  missionary  of  that  name. 
When,  in  1829,  the  station  at  Carey  was  partially 
abandoned,  the  missionaries  withdrew  to  the  new 
settlement,  where  the  prospects  of  success  were 
more  hopeful.  In  1832  several  of  the  Indians  gave 
such  evidence  of  genuine  conversion  that  they  were 
baptized  and  received  into  the  church.  One  of  the 
principal  chiefs  of  the  Ottawas,  Noonday,  was 
among  the  number,  and  his  after-life  furnished 
proof  that  be  was  a  sincere  disciple  of  the  Lord 
Jesus.  AVhile  there  were  there  things  to  encourage, 
there  were  others  to  depress.  The  Indians  retire 
before  the  approach  of  civilization,  and  their  terri- 
tories fall  into  the  hands  of  white  men.  The  set- 
tlement at  Thomas  was  broken  up,  and  the  mis- 
sion, with  the  Indians  connected  with  it,  removed 
to  Richland,  fifty  miles  farther  south.  The  most 
of  the  Ottawas  have  long  ago  disappeared  from 
Michigan,  and  there  is  but  little  left  to  indicate 
what  was  done  for  their  spiritual  benefit  by  the 
self-denying  missionaries  who  labored  so  earnestly 
to  do  them  good. 

The  history  of  the  mission  among  the  Ojibwas 
deserves  a  passing  notice.  The  board  of  the  Tri- 
ennial Convention,  in  1828,  accepted  the  funds 
appropriated  by  Congress  to  be  expended  for  the 
benefit  of  this  tribe,  and  established  a  mission 
at  Siiut  Ste.  Marie,  one  of  the  trading-places  of 
the  tribe,  not  far  from  fifteen  miles  southeast  of 
Lake  Superior.  Rev.  Abel  Bingham  was  appointeil 
missionary.     His  efforts  were  directed  to  both  the 


whites  and  the  Indians,  and  so  successful  was  he 
that  during  a  time  of  awakened  religious  interest, 
in  1832,  forty  persons  were  baptized  and  added  to  the 
church.  Eleven  of  this  number  were  Indians.  A 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  into  Ojibwa  was 
made  and  printed  in  1833  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and 
circulated  among  the  people.  The  mission  passed 
through  various  fortunes,  adverse  and  prosperous, 
until  1857,  when  it  was  discontinued. 

The  mission  among  the  Cherokecs  has  yielded  as 
much  substantial  fruit  as  any  that  has  been  at- 
tempted by  the  Baptists  among  the  Indians.  In 
the  list  of  the  early  missionaries  sent  to  this  tribe 
we  find  the  honored  name  of  Evan  Jones.  Through 
his  labors,  and  those  of  his  associates,  we  find  that 
up  to  the  time  of  the  removal  of  the  Cherokecs  by 
order  of  the  United  States  government,  in  1838, 
hundreds  of  them  h.ad  been  converted  and  formed 
into  Christian  churches.  Mr.  Jones  followed  the 
Cherokecs  to  their  new  home,  and  continued  to 
labor  for  their  spiritual  good  until  his  removal  to 
Kansas  in  1862.  In  1842  all  the  churches  were 
reported  as  having  meeting-houses,  and  a  printing- 
office  had  been  furnished  at  the  expense  of  the 
Cherokecs.  In  1846  the  translation  of  the  New 
Testament  was  completed.  The  progress  of  the 
mission  was  steadily  maintained  year  after  year, 
and  the  influence  of  the  gospel  in  elevating  and 
blessing  the  people  was  of  the  most  marked  char- 
acter. In  1863  the  estimate  of  the  number  of 
church  members  was  1500. 

Other  Indian  tribes  among  whom  Baptist  mis- 
sionaries have  labored  are  the  Choctaws,  the  Creeks, 
the  Otoes,  the  Omah.as,  the  Delawares,  and  the 
Shawanees.  Among  the  honored  servants  of  Christ 
who  have  labored  among  these  different  tribes  may 
be  mentioned  Rev.  Moses  Merrill,  Rev.  Jotham 
Meeker,  Rev.  Leonard  Slater,  Rev.  Thomas  Frye, 
Rev.  Jesse  Busyhead,  a  native  preacher.  Rev.  John 
B.  Jones,  Rev.  Ira  D.  Blanchard,  Rev.  J.  G.  Pratt, 
Misses  E.  S.  and  11.  H.  Morse,  Rev.  J.  Lykins, 
and  Rev.  Francis  Barker. 

The  Home  Mission  Society  has  spent  nearly 
$28,000  since  1865  in  supporting  missionaries 
among  the  Indians.  It  has  at  present  three  white 
missionaries,  one  colored,  and  six  Indian,  laboring 
among  the  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory.  It 
also  supports  the  jirincipal  of  a  normal  and  theo- 
logical school.  In  the  Indian  Territory  there  are 
100  Baptist  churches,  with-  a  membership  of  6000. 

See  article  on  Soithern  B.\ptist  Convention. 

Indiana  Baptist  Papers. — The  American  Mes- 
senger was  first  begun  in  Madison  in  1843,  with 
Rev.  E.  D.  Owen  as  editor.  It  was  then  a  bi- 
weekly, afterwards  a  weekly.  In  1846  he  removed 
it  to  Indianapolis,  and  after  about  one  year  sold 
it  to  the  Cross  and  Journal,  of  Ohio,  and  it  became 
a  part  of  what  is  now  the  Journal  and  Messenger. 


INDIANA 


575 


INDIANA 


At  a  meeting  of  brethren  attending  commence- 
ment exercises  at  Franklin  College,  in  June,  1856, 
it  was  unanimously  resolved  "  that  we  make  an 
effort  to  start  a  paper  at  Indianapolis,"  and  "  that 
the  matter  be  put  into  the  hands  of  a  publishing 
comuiittee,  until  such  time  as  a  suitable  editor  can 
be  found."  The  paper  was  called  I'he  Witness. 
Very  soon  Rev.  M.  G.  Clarke  became  editor.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  E.  W.  Clark,  who  con- 
ducted it  till  1807,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  Chris- 
tian Times,  of  Chicago,  and  became  a  part  of  what 
is  now  The  Standard.  Three  different  papers 
have  been  started  by  the  presidents  of  Franklin 
College,  as  aids  in  their  work.  Dr.  Chandler  pub- 
lished a  few  numbers  of  'ITie  Baptist  Inquirer  in 
1843.  President  Wayland  issued  twelve  or  fifteen 
numbers  of  the  Camp-Fire  in  1870,  and  President 
Stott  has  for  tliree  3'ears  conducted  The  Link  in 
the  immediate  interests  of  the  college. 

Rev.  A.  R.  Hinckley  was  for  several  years  asso- 
ciate editor  of  the  Baptist  Banner  and  Pioneer, 
published  in  Louisville,  Ky.  Hon.  J.  L.  Ilolman 
was  likewise,  for  several  years,  associate  editor  of 
the  Baptist  Advocate,  published  in  Cincinnati.  O. 

Rev.  W.  N.  Wyeth,  U.l).,  Indianapolis,  is  at 
present  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Journal  and  Mes- 
sen(/er. 

Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention,  The,  was 

organized  at  a  cliurcb  called  Brandywine,  in  Shelby 
County,  in  April,  1S33.  Rev.  Samuel  Harding  was 
elected  President ;  Rev.  J.  L.  Ilolman,  Recording 
Secretary  ;  Rev.  Ezra  Fi.sher,  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, and  Henry  Bradley,  Esq.,  Treasurer.  The 
annual  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Ezra  Fisher. 
There  were  jiresent  37  delegates,  and  the  treasurer's 
receipts  were  S17.00. 

The  receipts  in  1840  were  §1265.05;  1850, 
§1139.73;  1800,82464.23;  1870,  §410.05 ;  1879, 
$3495.30. 

The  first  policy  adopted  for  the  evangelizatinn 
of  the  State  was  that  each  minister  should  spend 
several  weeks  in  traveling,  holding  a  series  of 
meetings  in  destitute  places. 

These  brethren  received  very  little  compensation, 
in  some  cases  none.  The  next  plan  was  to  collect 
money  in  the  several  Associations,  and  employ  a 
few  men  to  travel  and  preach  all  the  time.  But 
little  money  was  expended  at  any  one  point,  and 
so  the  fruits  of  the  labor  were  not  apparent  for  any 
lengtli  of  time.  Next  the  "  village  fund"  policy, 
introduced  from  Ohio  by  Rev.  T.  R.  Cressy,  who 
came  into  the  State  as  pastor,  was  tried.  In  this 
plan  men  pledged  themselves  to  give  S5  or  $10 
per  year  for  five  years,  to  aid  in  planting  Bap- 
tist churches  in  the  villages.  It  did  not  contem- 
plate the  permanent  settlement  of  a  pastor  over 
the  church,  and  so  it  failed  of  any  great  fruit. 
Finally  it  was  agreed  that  the  money  gathered 


should  be  expended  only  at  such  places  as  gave 
promise  of  success.  For  several  years  there  was 
much  discussion  as  to  what  points  gave  such  prom- 
ise. At  the  present  time  the  settled  policy  of  the 
State  board  is  that  no  place  shall  be  aided  that  does 
not  give  hopes  of  liecoming  self-supporiintf  within  a 
reasonable  time,  and  the  success  of  State  missions 
was  never  so  fully  assured  as  now.  The  Conven- 
tion at  this  time  employs  ten  missionaries,  and 
through  the  efficient  labors  of  the  general  agent. 
Rev.  A.  J.  Essex,  the  salaries  are  paid  quarterly. 
The  board  is  especially  seizing  opportunities  to 
plant  churches  in  country  towns.  Within  five  years 
anew  departure  has  been  taken  as  to  the  relation 
the  State  Convention  sustains  to  foreign  missions, 
home  missions,  education,  etc. 

It  was  formerly  thought  that  the  body  having 
State  missions  in  charge  was  the  State  Convention, 
and  that  the  other  organizations  met  with  it  for  con- 
venience, and  by  courtesy.  The  present  conviction 
is  that  each  of  these  organizations  is  a  part  of  the 
State  Convention.  The  Convention,  through  ap- 
propriate standing  committees  or  boards,  attends  to 
State  missions,  home  missions,  foreign  missions, 
publication  society,  education,  etc.  The  organiza- 
tion under  its  present  management  seems  to  be  in 
a  high  state  of  efficiency. 

The  past  year  200  churches  contributed  to  State 
missions ;  that  was  the  largest  number  ever  giving 
money  for  this  purpose.  This  year  the  number 
will  be  300. 

Indiana  Baptists,  their  Origin  and  Growth. 
— The  first  church  organized  in  what  is  now  the 
State  of  Indiana  was  originally  called  Owens,  next 
Fourteen-Mile,  and  then  Silver  Creek.  While 
bearing  the  name  Silver  Creek,  the  church  was  di- 
vided by  the  doctrines  of  A.  Campbell  ;  the  portion 
holding  fast  the  doctrines  of  the  Philadelphia  Con- 
fession of  Faith  retaining  their  organization,  and 
finally  becoming  the  Charlestown  church.  The 
original  church  was  constituted  in  1798,  under  the 
leadership  of  Rev.  Isaac  Edwards,  a  native  of  New 
Jersey.  The  church  is  best  known  in  history  by  the 
name  Silver  Creek.  Around  it  was  gathered  at 
length  the  Silver  Creek  Association,  which  in  turn 
become  three  or  four  Associations.  The  first  settle- 
ments were  along  the  rivers,  and  so  the  centres  of 
Baptist  strength  were  at  first  along  the  Wabash  on 
the  west,  the  Ohio  on  the  south,  and  White  Water  on 
the  east,  the  main  rivers  of  the  State.  The  first 
Association  in  the  State  was  White  Water,  formed 
in  1809,  the  next  was  Silver  Creek,  formed  in  1812. 
As  an  indication  of  the  unstable  condition  of  affairs 
during  the  earlier  history  of  Indiana  Baptists,  it 
may  be  stated  that  there  have  been  formed  in  all, 
up  to  this  time,  sixty  Associations. 

There  are  now  but  thirty.  Exact  statistics  as 
to   membership   can   only    be   approximated.      In 


INDIANA 


576 


INDIANAPOLIS 


1812,  1376;  1832,  11,334;  1840,  16.234;  1845, 
15,795;  1S50,  18,311;  1857,25,282;  1860,28,038; 
1866,  29,103;  1876,  40,015;  1880  (estimated), 
42,159, — in  568  churches.  The  apparent  decrease 
from  1840  to  LS45  is  to  be  accounted  for  liy  the 
fact  that  several  anti-mission  Associations  with- 
drew from  all  correspondence  with  the  State  Con- 
vention. Indeed,  it  may  be  said  that  most  of  the 
thirty  Associations  dropped  from  the  list  have  died 
because  of  their  anti-mission  policy  and  spirit.  A 
few  yet  survive  as  workinj;  bodies,  and  some  were 
merf;ed  into  other  missionary  Associations.  A 
brother,  who  is  constantly  traveling  over  the  State, 
estimates  the  anti-mission  membership  at  5000. 
Their  strength  is  now  a  mere  fragment  of  what  it 
once  was.  No  account  is  made  of  them  in  the  gen- 
eral statistics  of  the  State. 

Indiana,  Educational  Institutions  of— The 
first  meeting  having  for  its  object  the  founding  of 
an  institution  of  learning  for  Baptists  was  held  in 
Indianapolis,  June  5,  1S34.  The  final  result  was 
the  establishment  of  Franklin  College,  which  with 
a  variety  of  experiences  "  continues  to  this  day,'' 
and  is  now  in  a  mure  prosperous  condition  than 
ever  before.  In  1848,  Rev.  J.  G.  Craven  and  his 
father  founded  a  school  at  College  Hill,  Jefi'erson 
Co.,  for  the  education  of  all  colors  and  both  sexes. 
In  1849,  Rev.  J.  C.  Thompson,  of  Ohio,  came  to 
their  assistance.  The  name  given  the  institution 
was  Elcutherean  College.  The  Cravens  put  great 
energy  at  the  service  of  the  school,  and  for  some 
time  it  prospered  notwithstanding  its  persecutions. 
One  of  the  most  distinguished  of  its  colored  pupils 
is  Rev.  Moses  Broyles,  of  Indianapolis.  There 
have  been  several  attempts  to  revive  the  school,  but 
without  permanent  success.  It  had  no  endowment, 
and  hence  it  could  not  live.  About  the  year  18.54, 
Revs.  Anson  Tucker  and  D.  Taylor  were  appointed 
by  the  Education  Society  of  Indiana  to  proceed  in 
the  work  of  founding  a  school  for  young  women  at 
La  Fayette.  They  reported  S12,000  pledged.  Prof. 
AV.  Brand  resigned  his  place  in  the  faculty  of 
Franklin  College  to  enter  upon  his  duties  as  agent 
of  the  school, — The  Western  Female  Seminary. 
The  effort  finally  failed,  and  the  interest  aroused  in 
behalf  of  the  enterprise  was  in  a  measure  trans- 
ferred to  Ladoga  in  the  Freedom  Association.  La- 
doga Female  Seminary,  established  in  18.55,  was 
intended  at  first  to  supply  the  wants  of  its  ciwn  As- 
sociation, but  it  was  found  that  Northwestern  In- 
diana was  its  appropriate  field.  It  has  done  suc- 
cessful work  under  Principals  Rev.  G.  Williams, 
M.  Bailey,  Rev.  A.  J.  Vawter,  and  Rev.  W.  Hill. 
For  lack  of  endowment  it  finally  suspended. 

The  same  may  be  said  in  general  of  Crown  Point 
Academj',  under  the  principalship  of  Rev.  T.  II. 
Ball,  and  Huntington  Academy,  founded  by  Dea- 
con John  Kenower.     The  lack  of  endowment,  and 


the  fact  of  the  establishment  of  public  high  schools 
in  the  State  within  a  few  years,  led  to  the  suspen- 
sion of  all  schools  except  the  college  at  Franklin. 
The  last  to  succumb  was  the  Indianapolis  Female 
Institute.  This  was  foumled  in  1S58.  Rev.  G. 
Williams  was  its  first  principal.  The  total  expended 
for  site  and  buildings  was  $53,0(Xt.  Rev.  L.  Ilay- 
den,  B.D.,  was  the  last  principal.  It  suspended  in 
1872. 

Indiana  Baptists  have  also  taken  considerable 
interest  in  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in 
Chicago,  and  contributed  several  thousand  dollars 
to  that  institution.  The  largest  sum  given  isSSOOO, 
by  M.  L.  Pierce,  Esq.,  of  La  Fayette. 

Ministerial  training  is  receiving  new  attention 
in  the  State.  During  the  year  there  were  42  young 
men  receiving  education  for  the  ministry,  23  of 
whom  were  at  Franklin  College. 

Indiana,  Publication  Society  in.— The  Amer- 
ican BaptLst  Publication  Society  began  work  in 
the  State  about  the  year  that  it  took  its  present 
name.  Revs.  G.  C.  Chandler  and  T.  C.  Town- 
send  took  special  interest  in  the  circulation  of  its 
tracts,  the  one  from  Franklin  as  a  centre,  the  other 
from  Anderson.  The  State  has  made  contributions 
to  the  society,  giving  in  1857,  $85;  1865,  $438; 
1870,  SC63;  1875,  $1081;  1880,  $1873.  Some 
legacies  have  been  given,  among  the  largest  is  one 
of  $5000  from  J.  L.  Allen.  Rev.  E.  A.  Russell  is 
the  Sunday-school  missionary  of  the  society  for 
Indiana. 

Indiana,  The  Sunday-Schools  of,  were  not 
general  before  1850.  Many  churches,  however, 
had  schools  as  early  as  1833.  Most  of  the  schools  at 
first,  especially  in  the  country,  were  itnion  schools, 
and  were  what  are  now  called  "  summer"  schools. 
In  184S,  the  missionaries  of  the  Indiana  Baptist 
State  Convention  were  instructed  "  to  make  it  a 
prominent  part  of  their  business  to  establish  Sab- 
bath-schools, and  labor  to  promote  their  interests." 
There  was  no  persistent  eflbrt  m.ade  to  gather  Sun- 
day-school statistics  till  1868,  when  Rev.  E.  A.  Rus- 
sell was  appointed  Sunday-school  missionary  for 
Indiana  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety. His  report  for  1870  is  as  follows  :  schools, 
285  ;  olBcers  and  teachers,  1628  ;  scholars,  22,369  ; 
converted  during  one  year,  770;  volumes  in  libra- 
ries, 17,111.  Of  the  285  schools,  51  were  union. 
There  is  .a  marvelous  increase  since  1870.  In  1878 
there  were :  schools,  542 ;  officers  and  teachers, 
5000 ;  scholars,  .58.000  ;  volumes  in  library,  30,0(X) ; 
benevolent  contributions,  $71,615.  Indiana  now 
comes  to  the  front  in  the  number  of  scholars. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Baptists  of —The  First 
Baptist  church  was  constituted  Sept.  28,  1822,  with 
17  members.  The  pastors  have  been  Revs.  B. 
Barnes,  A.  Smoch,  J.  L.  Richmond,  M.D.,  G.  C. 
Chan<ller,  D.D.,  T.  R.  Cressy,  S.  Dyer,  Ph.D.,  J. 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


577 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


B.  Simmons,  D.D.,  II.  Day,  D.D.  (who  was  pastor 
for  fifteen  years  and  built  the  present  house  of 
worsliip),  W.  Ranilol|ili,  D.D.,  II.  C.  Mabie  (pres- 
ent pastor).  The  oliurch  at  present  numbers  515. 
The  superintendent  of  the   Sabbath-school  is  AV. 

C.  Smoch.  The  churcli  has  planted  three  other 
churches  in  the  city. 

South  Street  was  organized  in  1869  with  73  mem- 
bers. Its  pastors  liave  been  Revs.  W.  Elgin,  II. 
Smith,  G.  W.  Kiley,  J.  S.  Gillespie,  and  J.  N. 
Olark  (present  pastor).     Present  membership,  217. 

North  Street  was  organized  in  1871  with  27  mem- 
bers. Its  pastors  have  been  Revs.  E.  K.  Chandler, 
J.  B.  Schaff,  I.  N.  Carman,  and  G.  II.  Elgin  (pres- 
ent pastor).     Present  membership,  120. 

Garden  church  was  organized  in  1872  with  16 
members.  Its  pastors  have  been  Revs.  S.  Corne- 
lius, D.D.,  P.  Shedd,  and  C.  B.  Allen,  Jr.  Present 
membership,  112.  Sabbath-school  superintendent, 
II.  Knippenberg. 

Infant  Baptism  in  all  Ages  has  required 
Faith  before  its  Administration. — This  is  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  features  of  that  unserip- 
tural  practice.  Neander  alludes  to  this  demand 
when  he  says,  "  Infant  baptism  also  furnished 
probably  the  first  occasion  for  the  appointment  of 
sponsors  or  godfathers  ;  for  as  this  was  a  case  in 
which  the  persons  baptized  could  not  themselves 
declare  their  confession  of  faith,  it  became  neces- 
sary for  others  to  do  it  in  their  name."  (Church 
History,  i.  315.  Boston.)  From  the  first  intima- 
tions of  the  existence  of  infant  baptism  the  sponsor 
is  spoken  of,  who  professed  faith  for  the  child. 
Though  it  should  be  remembered  that  sponsors 
were  required  fur  others  as  well  as  infants,  and 
that  Neander  was  mistaken  in  saying  that  "infant 
baptism  also  furnished  proliabli/  the  first  occasion 
fur  the  appointment  of  sponsors."  He  only  gives 
his  opinion  as  a  probability.  As  Bingham  says, 
"  There  were  spon.sors  for  such  adult  persons  as 
could  not  answer  for  themselves,"  who  were  speech- 
less from  some  cause,  and  there  were  sponsors  for 
persons  of  full  intelligence,  "whose  duty  was  not 
to  answer  in  their  names"  (the  candidates  for  bap- 
tism), "but  only  to  admonish  and  instruct  them." 
(Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church,  pp.  526,  527. 
London,  1870.)  Tertullian  mentions  the  existence 
of  sponsors  in  his  day,  when  child,  not  infant,  bap- 
tism was  first  proposed.  (De  Baptismo,  cap.  18.) 
It  is  probable,  since  sponsors  were  in  the  church 
in  the  end  of  the  second  century,  before  infant 
baptism  existed,  that  they  were  first  used  in  times 
of  persecution  to  guard  the  Christian  communities 
against  spies  who  sought  membership  in  them  to 
betray  them,  and  that  afterwards  they  were  em- 
ployed to  instruct  and  guard  those  for  whose  char- 
acter they  had  become  responsible.  There  is  no 
lack  of  evidence  among  early  writers  to  sustain 


Bingham's  three  classes  of  sponsors,  so  that  when 
the  word  sponsor  is  found  in  the  fathers  it  may 
have  no  reference  to  infant  baptism  ;  but  when  in- 
fant baptism  was  introduced  sponsors  were  always 
required  to  profess  faith  for  the  unconscious  sub- 
jects of  the  rite. 

When  Augustine  baptized  an  infant  he  asked. 
"Does  this  child  believe  in  God?  Does  he  turn  to 
God  ?"  And  he  declares  expressly  in  another  place 
that  sponsors  answered  for  tlie  children.  (Patrol- 
ogia  Latina,  xxxiii.  363.  Parisiis.)  The  great 
bishop  of  Hippo,  the  man  who  gave  its  chief  im- 
petus to  infant  baptism,  insisted  on  faith  before  its 
administration.  Martin  Luther's  "  Smaller  Cate- 
chism" has  these  questions  and  answers: 

"  When  did  the  Holy  Ghost  begin  this  santifiea- 
tion  in  you?"  "  In  the  holy  ordinance  of  baptism 
the  Holy  Ghost  began  this  sanctification  in  me." 

"  What  did  God  promise  you  in  holy  baptism  ?" 
"  God  promised,  and  also  bestowed  upon  me,  the 
forgiveness  of  sins,  life,  and  salvation." 

"  But  wliat  did  you  promise  God?"  "  I  prom- 
ised that  I  would  renounce  the  devil  and  all  his 
works  and  ways,  and  beliece  in  God  the  Father,  Son, 
and  Holy  Ghost. ^' 

"  Througli  whom  did  you  make  this  promise  in 
holy  baptism  ?"'  "  I  made  this  promise  in  holy 
baptism  through  my  sponsors."  (Catechism,  p. 
58.     New  York,  1867.) 

"  The  Garden  of  the  Soul"  (pp.  184,  185.  Lon- 
don), a  popular  English  Catholic  prayer-book,  has 
these  questions  and  answers  about  baptism : 

"  Dost  thou  renounce  Satan?"  "I  do  renounce 
him." 

"  And  all  his  works?"     "  I  do  renounce  them." 

"  And  all  his  pomps?"'     "  I  do  renounce  them." 

"  Dost  thou  believe  in  God,  the  Father  Almighty, 
creator  of  heaven  and  earth  ?"     "  I  do  believe." 

"  Dost  thou  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  his  only  Son, 
our  Lord,  wlio  was  born  into  this  world  and  suf- 
fered for  us?"     "  I  do  believe.'' 

"  Dost  thou  believe  in  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  holy 
Catholic  Church,  the  communion  of  saints,  the  for- 
giveness of  sins,  the  resurrection  of  the  body,  and 
life  everlasting?"     "  I  do  believe." 

It  is  stated  at  the  commencement  of  these  ques- 
tions that  "  the  priest  interrogates  the  jierson  to  be 
baptized,  or  the  sponsors,  if  an  infant,  as  follows;" 
so  that  the  sponsors  not  only  make  solemn  renun- 
ciations for  the  infant,  but  profess  a  comprehensive 
faith  for  it  before  it  can  be  baptized. 

In  the  Greek  Church  the  priest,  as  a  prerequisite 
to  baptism,  asks,  "Hast  thciu  renounced  Satan?" 
And  the  catechumen  or  S2>onsor  replies,  "  I  have 
renounced  him." 

"  Hast  thou  joined  thyself  unto  Christ?"  And 
he  answers,  "  I  have  joined  myself." 

"  And  dost  thou  believe  on  him  ?"     The  catechu- 


INFANT  liAPTISM 


578 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


men  replios,  "  I  believe  on  liim  as  kini;  and  God." 
(Neale's  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Church, 
Part  I.  956.  London,  1850.)  Of  course,  in  the 
case  of  an  infant  the  faith  is  professed  by  the  spon- 
sor, and  it  must  be  confessed  before  baptism. 

In  tho  KpisL'iipal  Churcli,  when  a  child  isbrmight 
for  baptism,  the  minister  asks  each  godfather  and 
jjodmother  the  following  questions,  and  receives 
the  answers  given  to  them  : 

"  Dost  thou,  in  the  name  of  this  child,  renounce 
the  devil  and  all  his  works,  the  vain  pomp  and  glory 
of  the  world,  with  all  covetous  desires  of  the  same, 
and  tlie  carnal  desires  of  the  flesh,  so  that  thou  wilt 
not  follow  nor  be  led  by  them?"  "I  renounce 
them  all." 

"  Dost  thou  believe  in  God,  the  Father  Almighty, 
maker  of  heaven  and  earth?  And  in  Jesus  Christ, 
his  only  begotten  Son,  our  Lord?  And  that  he 
■was  conceived  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  born  of  the  Vir- 
gin Mary  ;  that  he  suffered  under  Pontius  Pilate, 
•was  crucified,  dead,  and  buried  ;  that  he  went  into 
hell,  and  also  did  rise  again  the  third  day  ;  that  he 
ascended  into  heaven  and  sitteth  at  the  right  hand 
of  God,  the  Father  Almighty,  and  from  thence 
shall  come  again  at  the  end  of  the  world  to  judge 
the  quick  and  the  dead  ?"  etc.  "  All  this  I  s/cad- 
faslbj  helievey  (Book  of  Common  Prayer:  Public 
Baptism  of  Infants.)  Such  is  the  profession  of 
faith  made  by  sponsors  for  an  unoon.scious  infant 
in  the  Episcopal  Church.  The  "  Westminster  Con- 
fession of  Faith,"  chap,  xxviii.  sec.  4,  says,  "  Not 
only  those  that  do  actually  profess  faith  in  and 
obedience  unto  Christ,  but  also  the  infants  of  one 
or  both  belieoiiiff  parents,  are  to  be  baptized."  Here 
there  is  no  provision  made  for  the  baptism  of  any 
infant  unless  one  of  its  parents  h.id  faith  in  Christ ; 
and  upon  that  faith  tho  baptism  of  any  infant  de- 
pends among  the  Scotch,  Scotch-Irish,  English, 
and  American  Presbyterians. 

The  British  Congregationalists,  though  having 
the  "  Savoy  Confession,"  prepared  by  their  own 
brethren,  according  to  Neale  (History  of  the  Pu- 
ritans, iv.  164.  Dublin,  1755),  "  have  in  a  manner 
laid  aside  the  use  of  it  in  their  families,  and  agreed 
with  the  Presbyterians  in  the  use  of  the  Assem- 
bly's (Westminster)  Catechism."  Robinson  gives 
an  account  of  a  Congregational  baptism  at  which 
the  minister  stated  that  "  not  only  those  that  do 
actually  profess  faith  in  and  obedience  unto  Christ, 
but  also  the  infants  of  one  or  botli  believing  pa- 
rents, were  to  be  baptized."  (History  of  Baptism, 
p.  6S1.  Nashville.)  These  are  the  e.xact  words 
of  the  "  Westminster  Confession  of  Faith,"  and 
they  require  faith  in  one  parent  for  the  baptism  of 
an  infant. 

Throughout  the  Christian  ages  all  the  great 
churches  that  baptized  infants  before  the  Reforma- 
tion,  and  all    the    large    communities   that   were 


fcirmed  during  or  soon  after  it  tliat  followed  that 
practice,  insisted  on  faith  as  essential  to  baptism 
as  strongly  as  the  Baptists  have  ever  done.  When 
the  "  Episcopal  Catechism,"  in  answer  to  the  ques- 
tion, "What  is  required  of  persons  to  be  Vjap- 
tized?"  says,  '■  Repentance,  whereby  they  forsake 
sin,  and  faith,  whereby  they  steadfastly  believe  the 
promises  of  God  made  to  them  in  (hat  sacrament," 
it  gives  the  doctrine  held  by  all  the  great  historic 
communities  of  the  Christian  world  since  infant 
baptism  arose  about  the  absolute  need  of  faith 
before  baptism.  This  has  always  been  the  teaching 
of  Baptists  during  the  Christian  centuries  when 
only  believers  were  immersed,  and  throughout  all 
the  dark  and  enlightened  ages  since.  The  differ- 
ence between  us  and  Pedobaptists  is  that  they  are 
satisfied  with  healing  faith  in  a  sponsor,  or  in  a 
parent,  while  the  infant  has  the  disease  of  sin  and 
is  without  faith  in  Christ.  If  it  reaches  years  of 
responsibility  it  will  surely  be  without  God  and 
without  hope  in  the  world  ;  and  we  want  the  heal- 
ing faith  in  the  heart  of  the  candidate,  according 
to  the  Master's  saying,  "  lie  that  believeth  and  is 
baptized  shall  be  saved." — Mark  xvi.  16. 

We  furnish  candidates  for  immersion  with  suit- 
able robes  in  which  to  receive  Christian  baptism  ; 
but  we  can  only  loan  the  garments,  the  needed  faith 
is  the  gift  of  God.  The  five  wise  virgins  in  the 
parable,  as  they  beheld  their  five  foolish  compan- 
ions in  the  throes  of  despair  because  they  had  not 
the  oil  of  saving  faith  in  their  lamps,  full  of  com- 
passion for  them  as  they  were,  and  enjoying  the 
faith  that  gave  everlasting  life,  had  no  faith  to  loan 
them  or  to  profess  for  them.  And  no  Christian 
ever  had  a  faith  which  he  could  place  to  the  credit 
of  any  one,  infant  or  adult.  A  man  might  as  well 
attempt  to  loan  an  unconscious  child  the  vigor  of 
his  mature  mind,  or  the  power  of  his  strong  right 
arm,  or  a  dozen  of  the  heavenly  worlds. 

Infant  Baptism  in  the  first  Four  Christian 
Centuries. — There  is  not  a  single  recorded  case  in 
the  first  two  ages  of  Christian  history  of  the  bap- 
tism of  an  unconscious  babe.  Men  have  searched 
this  period  with  a  scrutiny  and  a  measure  of  learn- 
ing never  surpassed  to  find  one  undeniable  instance 
of  the  kind,  but  the  literature  of  Christianity  has 
been  examined  in  vain,  and  it  ever  will  be.  Justin 
Martyr  gives  a  full  account  of  the  manner  of  con- 
ferring baptism  in  the  latter  half  of  the  second  cen- 
tury. "  As  many,"  says  he,  "  as  are  jtersuaded  and 
believe  that  the  thini/strhich  tee  teach  and  declare  are 
true,  and  promise  that  they  are  determined  in  liveac- 
cordingly,  are  taught  to  pray  to  God,  and  to  beseech 
Him  wilhfasting  to  gran  t  them  the  remission  J'or  their 
sins,  while  we  also  pray  and  fast  with  them.  We 
then  lead  them  to  a  place  where  there  is  water,  and 
there  they  are  regenerated  in  the  same  manner  as 
we  also  were ;  for  they  are  there  washed  in  that 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


579 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


water  in  the  name  of  God  the  Father  and  Lord  of 
the  universe,  and  of  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  and 
of  the  Holy  Spirit."  (Patrologia  Graeca,  vol.  vi. 
p.  240.     Migne.  Parisiis,  1857.) 

In  Justin's  time  candidates  for  baptism  believed 
that  the  statements  of  Christian  teachers  were  true  : 
thi'y  promised  to  live  according  to  gospel  require- 
ments, and  they  prayed  for  pardon.  These  were 
believers,  and  he  names  no  other  class  of  persons 
who  were  baptized.  TertuUian,  just  at  the  close 
of  the  second  century,  while  yet  orthodox,  says, 
"  It  behooves  those  who  are  going  to  be  baptized 
to  pray  with  frequent  supplications,  fusts,  kneel- 
ings,  an<l  vigils,  and  with  the  confession  of  all  past 
faults,  that  they  may  show  forth  even  John's  Iiap- 
tism ;  they  were  immersed,"'  he  says,  '"confessing 
their  sins."  (De  Baptismo,  cap.  xx.)  No  uncon- 
scious babe  could  make  these  preparations,  or  at 
this  period  enjoyed  Christian  baptism.  There  was 
in  TertuUian's  time  an  effort  made  to  introduce, 
not  the  baptism  of  new-born  infants,  but  of  little 
children,  which  he  denounced.  The  learned  Sal- 
masius  and  Suicerus  have  been  criticised  by  Bing- 
ham for  the  statement,  "  For  the  first  two  ages  no 
one  received  baptism  who  was  not  first  instructed 
in  the  faith  and  doctrine  of  Christ,  so  as  to  be  able 
to  answer  for  himself  that  he  believed,  because  of 
those  words,  '  He  that  believeth  and  is  baptized.'  " 
(Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church,  Book  xi. 
chap,  iv,  sec.  5.)  But  Bingham,  profoundly  versed 
as  he  was  in  the  doctrines  and  practices  of  the  early 
church,  brings  forward  no  case  of  the  baptism  of 
an  unconscious  infant  during  this  period,  or  a  posi- 
tive account  of  the  existence  of  the  ri  te.   He  could  nut. 

There  is  but  one  case  of  unconscious  infant  bap- 
tism in  the  entire  third  century.  The  facts  about 
it  are  found — in  the  letter  of  Cyprian  and  sixty-six 
bishops  addressed  to  Fidus — in  the  works  of  Cyp- 
rian bishop  of  Carthage.  Fidus,  an  .Vfrican  bishop, 
living  in  scenes  of  rustic  ignorance,  wrote  to  Cyp- 
rian to  learn  the  earliest  time  when  an  infant 
might  be  baptized.  Cyprian  could  not  answer  the 
question  ;  but  a  council  of  sixty-si.t  bishops,  of 
which  he  was  a  member,  decided  that  it  might  he 
baptized  as  soon  as  it  was  born.  They  also  gave 
their  reasons  for  their  conclusion.  One  was  be- 
cause the  sins  of  a  babe  were  not  as  grave  as  those 
of  a  man,  and  as  baptism  took  away  the  greater 
sins  it  could  remove  the  smaller;  and  another  was 
that  Elisha  placed  his  body  upon  the  lifeless  body 
of  the  child  which,  he  restored,  his  month  to  its 
uouth,  his  eyes  to  its  eyes,  and  his  hands  to  its 
hands,  the  spiritual  sense  of  which  was  that  infants 
are  equal  to  men,  and  there/ore  should  hare  their 
baptism.  This  is  the  first  record  of  unconscious 
infant  liaptism  on  the  page  of  Cliristian  history, 
and  there  is  no  other  instance  in  the  third  century. 
The  council  was  supposed  to  have  been  held  about 


A.D.  256.  This  letter  in  Cypri.in  is  supposed  by 
many  to  be  spurious  ;  and  we  are  inclined  to  that 
opinion,  chiefly  because  the  progress  of  the  infant 
error  was  so  very  slow  ;  the  great  theologian,  Au- 
gustine, a  North  African  by  birth,  who  was  born  in 
354,  whose  mother  was  the  saintly  Monica,  was  not 
baptized  till  he  was  thirty-three  years  of  age, — an 
occurrence  nearly  impossible  if  the  infant  rite  had 
been  sanctioned  by  Cyprian  and  the  other  authori- 
ties of  the  North  African  Church  a  century  before. 
The  Christian  writers  of  the  East  in  the  third  cen- 
tury treat  of  child,  not  infant,  baptism, — ^children 
of  six  years  or  more. 

In  the  fourth  century  the  greatest  church  lead- 
ers, and  some  of  them  the  most  eminent  Christian 
authors  of  all  the  ages  since  Jesus,  though  the 
children  of  believers,  were  not  baptized  in  infancy. 
Ambrose,  whose  family  were  all  Christians,  was 
governor  of  Milan,  and  elected  to  be  its  archbishop 
before  he  was  baptized.  In  381,  Nectarius  was 
elected  archbishop  of  Constantinople,  when,  ac- 
cording to  Sozomen,  "he  was  of  advanced  age,"' 
and  unbaptized.  Gregory  Nazianzen,  who  was 
born  while  his  father  was  bishop  of  Nazianzum, 
was  baptized  in  his  thirtieth  year,  and  he  was 
archbishop  of  Constantinople.  The  eloquent  John 
Chrysostom,  both  of  whose  parents  were  Chris- 
tians, was  baptized  when  he  was  twenty-eight,  and 
he,  too,  presided  over  the  See  of  Constantinople, 
Basil  the  Great,  whose  fathers  were  Christians  for 
generations,  who  died  in  379,  was  baptized  in  his 
twenty-eighth  year.  Jerome,  the  first  Hebrew 
and  Greek  scholar  among  Christians  in  the  fourth 
century,  who  was  born  of  believing  parents  in  331, 
was  not  b.iptized  till  about  366.  Theodosius  the 
Great,  after  proving  himself  a  valiant  warrior, 
was  baptized,  though  he  had  Christian  parents,  as 
Sozomen  relates. 

The  baptism  of  the  fourth  century  required  can- 
didates to  profess  faith  in  .Jesus,  as  we  learn  from 
Ambrose  in  his  "  De  Sacramentis.''  "Thou  wast 
asked,"  says  he,  addressing  candidates,  "'Dost 
thou  believe  in  God,  the  omnipotent  Father?'  and 
thou  saidst,  '  I  believe,'  and  thou  was  immersed, 
that  is,  thou  wast  buried.  Again  thou  Wiis  a.sked, 
'  Dost  thou  believe  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  .ind  in 
his  cross?'  And  thou  saidst,  '  I  believe' ;  and  thou 
was  immersed,  and  therefore  thou  wast  buried  with 
Christ.  ...  A  third  time  thou  wast  .asked,  '  Dost 
thou  believe  in  the  Holy  Spirit?'  And  thou  saidst, 
'  I  believe'  ;  and  a  third  time  thou  wast  immersed."' 
(Patrol.  Lat.,  vol.  xvi.  p.  44S.  Migne.  Parisiis.) 
This  faith  was  the  gpneral  demand  at  the  baptisms 
of  the  fourth  century  throughout  Christendom. 
Masses  of  men  whose  parents  were  Christians,  and 
who  attended  churches  and  loved  Christ,  had  never 
been  baptized  either  in  childhood  or  in  later  years. 
They  were  waiting  for  baptism  till  the  approach  of 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


580 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


death,  that  its  waters  might  give  full  cleansing 
from  sin  and  a  perfoet  fitness  for  heaven. 

The  clergy  of  the  fourth  century  vrere  continually 
appealing  to  the  regular  members  of  their  congre- 
gations to  lie  liupti/.ed,  throngs  of  whom  had  never 
received  tlie  rite;  and  in  times  of  threatened  war 
or  pestilence  multitudes  hastened  to  baptism  and 
the  ministers  could  with  difficulty  immerse  them. 
"  Infant  baptism,''  says  Neander,  "though  acknowl- 
edged to  be  necessary,  entered  so  rarely  and  with  so 
murh  difficultii  into  the  church  life,  during  the  first 
part  of  tliis  period."  (Church  History,  ii.  319. 
Boston.)  The  cases  of  infant  baptism  in  the  fourth 
century,  outside  of  North  Africa,  are  scarcely 
worthy  of  being  named.  And  in  that  Roman  col- 
ony the  earnest  appeals  and  arguments  of  Augus- 
tine show  that  its  strength  was  not  great.  Dean 
Stanley  only  claims  that  "  after  the  fifth  century  the 
whole  Christian  world  .  .  .  have  baptized  chil- 
dren." (Nineteenth  Century,  p.  39,  October,  1S79.) 
It  is  perhaps  true  that  in  all  parts  of  Christendom 
some  persons  immersed  children  after  the  fifth  cen- 
tury had  entirely  passed,  but  if  the  dean  intends  to 
state  that  the  unconscious  infants  of  Christians 
everywhere  were  baptized,  his  declaration  is  in- 
capable of  proof  though  the  piercing  eye  of  an 
archangel  sought  the  evidence. 

Infant  Baptism,  Unfit  Supports  of.— As  Bap- 
tists view  the  bases  upon  which  its  friends  place 
infant  baptism,  they  seem  wholly  inadequate  to 
sustain  it. 

Among  the  oldest  of  these  is  the  assumption  that 
baptism  has  come  in  the  place  of  circumcision. 
Augustine  of  Hippo  uses  this  argument  as  if  it 
were  infallible;  and  it  is  employed  to-day  with  the 
same  childlike  confidence  which  marked  the  great 
African  bishop  when  he  framed  it.  But  what 
Scripture  confirms  the  statement?  By  implication 
or  declaration  the  assertion  has  no  more  support  in 
the  New  Testament  than  the  claims  of  Leo  XIII. 
to  be  the  successor  of  Peter  as  the  supposed  prince 
of  the  apostles.  If  baptism  took  the  place  of  cir- 
cumcision, no  man  should  have  both  rites.  But 
Christ  received  both  ;  so  did  the  thousands  of  Pen- 
tecostal converts;  so  did  Paul,  the  greatest  of  all 
the  apostles.  There  is  then  no  connection  between 
the  two  ordinances.  Dr.  Ilalley,  a  distinguished 
English  Congregationalist,  in  his  celebrated  work 
in  defense  of  infant  baptism,  says,  "  The  general 
opinion  that  baptism  is  substituted  for  circumcision, 
as  a  kind  of  hereditary  seal  of  the  covenant  of 
grace,  appears  to  be  ill-sustained  Vjy  Scriptural  evi- 
dence, and  to  be  exposed  to  some  very  serious,  if 
not  absolutely  fatal,  objections."  (The  Sacra- 
ments, p.  .34.     London,  1855.) 

Another  argument  to  sustain  the  infant  rite  is 
taken  from  Matthew's  gospel,  six.  13,  14,  15: 
"Then  were   there  brought  unto  him  little  chil- 


dren, that  ho  should  put  his  hands  on  them  and 
pray;  and  the  disciples  rebuked  them.  But  Jesus 
said,  '  Suffer  little  children,  and  forbid  them  not,  to 
come  unto  me :  for  of  such  is  the  kingdom  of 
heaven.'  "  This  passage  is  regarded  by  many  as 
alisolutely  proving  that  infant  baptism  is  invested 
with  the  sanction  of  Jesus.  From  it  we  learn  that 
the  apostles  knew  nothing  of  tlie  baptism  of  children, 
for  they  would  not  let  them  approach  Jesus  till  he 
commanded  them  to  permit  them  to  come  ;  and,  as 
baptism  had  been  in  existence  for  some  time,  it  is 
()uitc  clear  infants  had  no  part  in  the  baptismal 
ordinance.  Besides,  they  were  only  brought  to  him 
that  he  might  "  put  his  hands  on  tliem  and  pray," 
and  it  is  said  that  "he  laid  his  hands  on  them;" 
but  he  did  not  baptize  them.  The  words  "  of  such 
is  the  kingdom  of  heaven"  do  not  mean  that  of 
children  is  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  If  the  Saviour 
had  said  of  the  little  children,  "of  them  is  the 
kingdom  of  heaven,"  then  no  adult  could  have  en- 
tered Christ's  gospel  kingdom  of  love.  Jerome,  in 
the  fourth  century,  commenting  on  these  words,  in 
his  Latin  vulgate,  observes,  "  Jesus  said  of  such, 
not  of  them,  to  show  that  not  age  but  morals  should 
rule,  and  that  to  those  who  had  similar  innocence 
and  simplicity  a  reward  was  promised."  This  is 
tlie  S.aviour's  meaning,  given  by  the  famous  monk 
of  Palestine.  This  transaction  has  nothing  in  favor 
of  infant  baptism,  and  something  against  it. 

In  1  Cor.  vii.  12,  13,  14,  Paul  reoouimends  a 
Christian  not  to  put  away  an  unbelieving  husband 
or  wife  if  the  unlieliever  will  stay.  Now  the  un- 
believer might  be  a  Pharisee  or  an  idohiter,  and  he 
adds,  "For  the  unbelieving  husband  is  sanctified 
by  the  wife,  and  the  unbelieving  wife  is  sanctified 
by  the  husband,  else  were  children  unclean  ;  but 
now  are  they  holy."  The  holiness  spoken  of  here 
is  not  sanctification  of  the  heart,  but  the  legality 
of  the  wedded  relations.  The  idolatrous  companion 
or  the  unbelieving  partner  can  be  sanctified  in  no 
other  way.  Peter  says,  "  Ye  know  tluit  it  is  an 
unlawful  thing  for  a  man  tWt  is  a  Jew  to  keep 
company,  or  come  unto  one  of  another  nation." — 
Acts  X.  28.  Paul  tells  these  converted  Israelites 
that  they  shall  not  forsake  their  Christ-rejecting 
partners,  that  their  relations  are  proper,  and  their 
children  legitimate.  Because  the  children  are  said 
to  be  holy,  it  is  argued  that  they  should  be  baptized. 
For  the  same  reason  the  ungodly  idolatress  or  Jew- 
ess, the  idolater  or  scornful  Pliarisee,  should  be  bap- 
tized, for  the  .adjective  tlnit  describes  the  children 
as  holy  is  from  the  verb  that  sanctifies  the  unhe- 
lieviny  husband  and  wife.  The  apostle  is  not  treat- 
fng  of  baptism,  but  of  the  sacredness  of  wedded  re- 
lations and  the  legitimacy  of  children  ;  and  infant 
or  unbelieving  adult  baptism  can  obtain  no  aid 
here. 

'I'he  household  baptisms    furnish   another  argu- 


INFANT  SALVATION 


581 


INGELS 


ment  for  infant  baptism.  "  There  must  have  been  in- 
fants in  them,"  it  is  said,  "  and  they  must  have  been 
baptized,  and  therefore  the  children  of  all  believers 
should  be  baptized."  There  is  not  a  tittle  of  evidence 
that  tliore  was  an  infant  in  one  of  the  households. 
Dr.  J.  II.  Borura,  of  Dyersburg,  Tenn.,  h.is  bap- 
tized forty-six  households  in  his  ministry,  and  there 
was  not  an  infant  in  one  of  them.  And  until  it  is 
proved  that  there  were  infants  in  these  households, 
and  that  they  were  inunersed,  hifunt  baptism  rests 
tipon  a  sujiposifioii, — a  mere^  conceit,  not  worth  the 
one-hundredth  part  of  the  chatfy  coverint;  of  a  corn 
of  wheat.  {See  article  on  The  Scriptural  Sub- 
jects OF  Baptism.) 

Infant  Salvation. — The  following  is  from  a 
tract  entitled  "Infant  Salvation,  Dedication,  and 
Baptism,"  issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Publi- 
cation Society  :  "  Are  not  infants,  dying  in  infancy, 
saved?  Certainly.  Of  a  child  which  was  the  fruit 
of  sin,  David  says,  '  I  shall  go  to  him,  but  he  shall 
not  return  to  me.'  2  Sam.  xii.  23.  We  have  no 
reason  to  suppose  that  God  will  consign  to  hell  in- 
fants who  have  never  known  good  from  evil.  There 
is  no  controversy  between  Baptists  and  evangelical 
Pedobaptists  on  this  point."  If  any  statement 
could  be  regarded  as  authoritative  for  the  Avhole 
Baptist  denomination,  this  declaration  might  be 
received  in  that  character.  It  comes  from  our 
great  Baptist  tract  and  book  society,  which  is  gov- 
erned liy  the  Baptists  of  America. 

The  doctrine  of  the  quotation  is  held  by  all  Bap- 
tists everywhere.  Every  child  that  dies  before  it 
knows  "  right  from  wrong,"  in  any  country  under 
heaven,  enters  the  regions  of  the  blessed. 

Ingalls,  Mrs.  M.  B.,  the  second  wife  of  Rev. 
L.  Ingalls,  of  the  Arracan  Mission,  was  born  in 
Greenville,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  25,  1828.  She  was  married 
in  December,  1850,  and  sailed  for  the  field  of  her 
labor  July  10,  1851.  Mr.  Ingalls  was  transferred 
in  1854  to  the  Burmese  department  of  the  Rangoon 
Mission,  where  Mrs.  Ingalls  was  his  co-laborer 
until  he  died,  March  14,  185(3,  after  a  faithful  ser- 
vice of  twenty-one  years.  Mrs.  Ingalls  superin- 
tended his  schools  for  the  education  of  Burmese 
girls,  in  1857,  and  on  one  occasion,  early  in  the 
year,  made  a  tour  of  twenty-three  days  into  the 
jungle  in  company  with  some  of  the  native  disci- 
ples, and  found  everywhere  eager  listeners.  In 
April  of  this  year  she  returned  to  -Vmerica,  remain- 
ing here  until  re-embarking  for  the  scene  of  her 
former  labors,  Nov.  26,  1858,  where  she  met  a  cor- 
dial welcome  on  her  arrival  in  Rangoon  from  the 
missionaries  and  native  converts.  She  took  up  her 
abode  in  the  midst  of  a  Burmese  population,  two 
miles  north  of  the  Kemondine  Karen  Mission,  in  a 
place  called  Zay-Ohee.  In  this  place  and  at  Thcmg- 
zai  her  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  She  removed 
to  Thongzai  in  tlie  latter  part  of  1860,  from  which 


place  she  wrote  home  a  letter,  soon  after  her  settle- 
ment, full  of  hope  and  good  cheer.  The  most  re- 
markable success  followed  her  laliors, — a  success  in 
some  respects  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the 
Burmese  Missions.  One  cannot  but  admire  the  good 
common-sense  sort  of  way  in  which  Mrs.  Ingalls 
did,  and  always  has  done,  her  work.  She  wrote  of 
herself,  in  1864:  "  It  is  not  a  day  of  romance  with 
me,  but  a  day  when  my  strength  and  trust  in  God 
must  be  tested."  The  trial  came  in  one  of  the 
severest  forms,  in  July,  1864,  when  the  new  and 
beautiful  chapel  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Mrs.  In- 
galls lost  nearly  all  lier  personal  effects,  and  among 
them  various  manuscripts  which  probably  could 
never  be  replaced.  The  effect  of  this  loss,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  weight  of  the  burdens  she  had  so  long 
carried,  so  prostrated  her  health  that  she  returned 
to  this  country  in  1865,  remaining  here  until 
the  fall  of  1868,  awakening  a  deep  interest  in  the 
churches  she  visited  in  the  cause  of  missions.  On 
her  return  she  found  a  new  chapel  nearly  com- 
pleted, and  the  church  ready  to  give  her  a  cordial 
welcome,  and  for  several  years  the  work  went  on 
hopefully  an<l  successfully,  until  the  night  of  the 
12th  of  March,  187C,  when  the  torch  of  the  incen- 
diary was  applied  to  the  mission  compound,  and 
again  nearly  everything  was  destroyed  except  the 
chapel.  But  amid  all  these  sorrows  there  were 
joj-s  ;  so  that  of  the  year  1876  it  could  be  said,  "it 
was  a  year  of  troubles  and  a  year  of  blessings." 
The  last  published  report  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee says  that,  "  so  far  as  outward  circumstances 
are  concerned,  the  mission  under  the  charge  of  Mrs. 
Ingalls  is  in  better  condition  than  ever,  and  that 
the  prospects  of  usefulness  are  as  great  as  ever." 

Ingels,  Deacon  George,  was  bom  in  White 
Marsh  Township,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  26, 
1746.  AVhen  sixteen  years  of  age  he  came  to  Phil- 
adelphia, and  soon  after  the  Holy  Spirit  made  him 
the  subject  of  serious  religious  impressions.  In 
October,  1767,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  his  adopted  city. 
Five  years  after  his  baptism  he  was  chosen  a  dea- 
con by  the  church,  and  for  fifty-five  years  he  served 
the  church  in  that  honorable  office. 

He  was  a  patriot  full  of  self-sacrifice  in  Revolu- 
tionary times,  and  by  his  courage  in  the  battle- 
field, and  in  the  camp  in  the  coldest  of  winters,  he 
earned  the  character  of  a  brave  soldier  and  an  un- 
murmuring sufferer.  In  civil  life  he  was  elected  to 
various  responsilile  offices  by  his  fellow-citizens, 
and  both  the  State  and  general  government  enlisted 
his  services. 

lie  was  perhaps  the  most  active  man  in  Phila- 
delphia in  ministering  to  the  victims  of  yellow 
fever  in  17'.17.  Ilis  efforts  were  unwearied,  and 
brought  comfort  to  the  homes  of  suffering  thou- 
sands in  that  visitation  of  terror  and  death. 


INGERSOLL 


582 


INTEliCESHOn 


Mr.  Ingels  had  a  strong  faith  in  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  and  a  lioart  full  of  generous  affec- 
tions ;  and  among  the  laymen  connected  with  the 
"mother-church"  of  Philadelphia,  in  her  lung  and 
honored  history,  no  one  rendered  more  efficient  ser- 
vice to  the  Redeemer's  cause  than  Deacon  Ingels. 
lie  died  in  his  eighty-first  year,  enjoying  the  con- 
fidence and  love  of  the  people  of  Philadelphia. 

Ingersoll,  Hon.  George,  of  Marshall,  Mich., 
was  born  in  Victor,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5, 
1819.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church 
in  1842,  and  has  been  a  chief  pillar  of  the  church 
ever  since.  He  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school  fifteen  years.  He  has  also  been 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of  the  city  for 
fifteen  years,  and  is  now  judge  of  probate  for  Cal- 
houn County. 

Ingham,  Richard,  D.D.,  author  of  the  "Hand- 
book on  Christian  Baptism,"  and  "  Chri.9tian  Bap- 
tism, its  Subjects  and  Mode,"  was  born  at  Halifax, 
Yorlcshire,  England,  in  1810.  He  was  baptized 
Nov.  20,  1829,  and  received  authority  to  preach 
from  the  General  Baptist  church  at  Slack,  York- 
shire, in  1833.  Relinquishing  his  business  some 
time  after,  he  studied  for  the  ministry  under  the 
Rev.  J.  Jarrow,  of  Wisbeach,  and  was  ordained 
pastor  at  Bradford  in  1839.  He  spent  the  years  of 
his  ministry  in  Louth,  Halifax,  Vale,  and  Bradford, 
and  died  June  1,  1873.  As  a  preacher  he  was  highly 
esteemed,  and  his  labors  as  a  student  were  untiring 
and  successful.  His  "  Iland-book"  is  allowed  to 
be  a  work  of  great  value,  carefully  and  thoroughly 
executed. 

Inman,  Rev.  G.,  a  native  of  Sumner  Co.,  Tenn., 
was  born  in  1836;  educated  at  Union  University, 
Murfreesborough,  Tenn. ;  ordained  by  the  Hills- 
l)orough  Baptist  church  in  Washington  Co.,  Ky., 
where  he  began  his  ministry  in  1858  ;  labored  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  churches  of  Clarksville  and 
Spring  Creek,  JIuntgomcry  Co.,  Ky.,  five  years,  of 
the  Central  Baptist  church,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  five 
years,  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Decatur,  111.,  three 
years,  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Fox  Lake,  his  pres- 
ent field  of  labor,  two  years.  His  ministry  has 
been  fruitful  in  results.  He  has  baptized  about 
500  persons  into  the  fellowship  of  the  churches  of 
wliich  he  has  lieeu  pastor.  He  is  a  very  active 
and  able  worker  in  the  temperance  cause.  In  his 
native  State  he  held  a  leading  position  in  the  ranks 
of  temperance  reformers,  and  no  great  temperance 
assembly  was  considered  complete  without  his  pres- 
ence. By  his  pen  and  voice  he  has  furnished  to 
this  important  reform  some  of  its  most  effective 
weapons.  His  own  pulpit  is  always  a  stronghold 
of  total  abstinence,  and  from  it  are  struck  heavy 
blows  against  the  sin  of  drunkenness  and  drunkard- 
making. 

Installation  in  recent  years  has  become  gen- 


eral in  large  cities  when  an  ordained  minister 
enters  upon  a  new  field.  The  pastor  and  his  people 
on  such  occasions  commonly  hear  a  sermon  from 
some  brother  in  the  ministry,  the  hand  of  fellow- 
ship is  given  to  the  stranger,  and  a  charge ;  a 
charge  is  also  delivered  to  the  church.  The  object 
of  the  service  is  to  give  a  welcome  to  the  pastor, 
and  to  stir  up  him  and  his  people  to  appreciate  the 
weighty  responsibilities  that  rest  upon  them. 

Intercessor,  The. — A  belief  in  intercessors  is 
universal  among  the  adherents  of  every  false  re- 
ligion. Heathenism  abounds  in  such  mediators. 
Mohammed  is  supposed  to  intercede  for  all  true 
Moslems.  TertuUian  expresses  the  conviction  that 
Satan  has  something  to  imitate  every  institution  of 
God.  This  observation  is  eminently  true  of  inter- 
cession. Romanism  has  an  intercessor  in  every 
canonized  saint. 

The  Jewish  high  priest,  by  divine  appointment 
interceded  in  the  holy  of  holies  for  his  nation.  And 
God  cannot  be  approached  acceptably  now,  except 
through  Christ  the  great  intercessor,  of  whom  the 
chief  of  the  Jewish  priesthood  was  an  humble  type. 
"  For  there  is  one  God,  and  one  Mediator  between 
God  and  men,  the  man  Christ  Jesus." — 1  Tim.  ii.  5. 
"  My  little  children,  these  things  write  I  unto  you, 
that  you  sin  not ;  and  if  any  man  sin,  we  have  an 
advocate  with  the  Father,  Jesus  Christ  the  right- 
eous."— 1  John  ii.  1.  "  Jesus  saith  unto  him,  I  am 
the  way,  the  truth,  and  the  life;  no  man  cometh 
unto  the  Father  but  by  me." — .John  xiv.  6.  God 
has  appointed  but  one  intercessor ;  every  other 
claimant  to  that  office  is  a  sacrilegious  impostor  ; 
and  the  fact  that  Jehovah  ordained  Christ  as  an 
advocate  for  all  who  ventured  to  approach  him  is 
infallible  evidence  that  the  purest  and  the  foulest 
of  our  race,  in  their  approaches  to  the  eternal 
throne,  need  the  all-prevailing  Mediator. 

Our  intercessor  bases  his  pleadings  for  us  upon 
his  expiatory  sacrifice.  AVhen  the  high  priest  of 
Israel  entered  the  holy  of  holies  to  plead  for  the 
Jews,  he  first  sprinkled  the  mercy-seat  with  blood 
and  then  presented  his  supplications.  Paul  says, 
"  Which  hope  we  have  as  an  anchor  of  the  soul, 
both  sure  and  steadfast,  and  which  entereth  into 
that  within  the  veil  (the  holy  of  holies)  ;  whither 
the  forerunner  is  for  us  entered,  even  Jesus,  made 
a  high  priest  forever  after  the  order  of  Melchise- 
dec." — Heb.  vi.  19,  20.  Christ  enters  into  the  holy 
of  holies  in  paradise  with  his  own  blood,  and,  as 
the  high  priest  of  the  whole  elect  family,  he  pleads 
its  merits  for  them  all. 

He  observes  evert/  supplicant  who  seeks  his  inter- 
cessions. His  honored  mother  has  no  more  power 
to  see  or  hear  than  any  other  glorified  believer, 
and,  consequently,  is  totally  unfitted  to  be  an  in- 
tercessor. But,  "  being  in  the  form  of  God,  and 
thinking  it  no  robbery  to  be  equal  with  God,"  he 


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sees  every  petitioner  at  his  throne,  and  he  observes 
the  prayerful  desires  of  his  heart  before  he  clothes 
them  in  words. 

He  is  unwearied  in  his  intercessions.  ''  He  ever 
liveth  to  iniike  intercession  for  us."  Men  die,  and 
empires  perish,  and  night  hides  the  glory  of  the 
day.  but  the  pleadings  of  our  advocate  are  contin- 
ually poured  out  in  the  ear  of  Deity  ;  nor  will  they 
cease  till  the  last  gift  needed  by  the  last  believer 
on  earth  has  given  him  perfect  preparation  for 
heaven. 

He  is  a  teiider-hearied  intercessor.  "  Wherefore 
in  all  things  it  behooved  him  to  be  made  like  unto 
his  brethren,  that  he  might  be  a  merciful  and  faith- 
ful high  priest." — Ileb.  ii.  17.  The  fountain  of 
compassionate  love,  from  which  all  the  affection  of 
angels  and  men  has  streamed  forth,  is  in  his  heart ; 
and  it  exercises  a  boundless  influence  over  his  move- 
ments. 

He  will  plead  for  ant/  penitent  who  trusts  his 
name,  and  he  will  seek  everi/  needful  ;/ift  for  each 
supplicating  child;  and  his  eloquent  advocacy  has 
such  a  power  on  high  that  the  Father  ahcai/s  hears 
him,  and  the  trusting  one  who  commits  his  case  to 
him  is  invariably  successful. 

Iowa  Baptists,  History  of. — There  were  some 
Baptists  among  the  earliest  settler.s  of  Iowa.  In 
succeeding  years,  as  the  tide  of  emigration  flowed 
into  the  territory,  Baptists  were  fairly  represented. 
The  fullest  and  most  reliable  account  of  Iowa  Bap- 
tists in  their  earlier  history  is  found  in  a  paper 
carefully  prepared  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Childs  some  years 
ago,  entitled  "  The  History  of  the  Rise  and  Prog- 
ress of  Idwa  Baptists."  This  history  is  still  un- 
published, Init,  through  the  kindness  of  the  author, 
it  contributes  largely  to  the  facts  of  this  sketch. 
The  Danville,  or,  as  originally  called,  the  Long 
Creek,  church,  was  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
Iowa.  Brother  and  Sister  Manly  came  from  Ken- 
tucky, bringing  with  them  the  Articles  of  Faith 
adopted  by  the  Bush  Crt^ek  Baptist  church.  Green 
Co.,  Ky.  They  settled  within  six  miles  of  Dan- 
ville, -where  they  continued  to  reside.  Together 
with  a  few  Baptists  from  Illinois,  they  organized  a 
church,  and  invited  Elders  .John  Logan  and  Gard- 
ner Bartlett,  of  Illinois,  to  preach  for  them.  Elder 
Logan  preached  in  a  log  cabin  the  evening  of  Oct. 
ly,  1834.  proliably  the  first  sermon  by  an  evangel- 
ical minister  in  this  part  of  the  Territory'.  The 
next  day  the  church  was  constituted  and  named 
"  The  Regular  Baptist  Church  at  Long  Creek." 

In  1838  another  church  was  organized,  about 
Bix  miles  southwest  of  Burlington,  through  the 
labors  of  Elders  .James  and  Moses  Lemon  and 
Clark,  from  Illinois.  It  was  called  "The  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Christ,  Friend  to  Humanity,  at 
Rock  Spring,  Iowa."  The  Union  and  Pisgah 
churches  were  organized  in  1839.     In  1839  three 


churches,  Long  Creek,  Union,  and  Pisgah,  were 
organized  into  an  Association,  the  first  Baptist  As- 
sociation in  the  Territory.  The  meeting  wius  held 
in  a  grove,  west  of  what  is  now  Danville  Centre. 
The  member.ship  of  the  three  churches  was  less 
than  90,  and  the  number  of  delegates  in  attend- 
ance was  10.  The  organization  was  effected  and 
the  entire  business  of  the  meeting  transacted  while 
9  of  the  delegates  were  seated  in  a  row  on  a  log 
and  the  moderator  standing  before  them,  supported 
by  the  back  of  a  chair.  The  body  \\as  called  "  The 
Iowa  Baptist  Association."  In  1843.  after  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Davenport  Association,  its  name 
vN'as  changed  to  the  "  Des  Moines  Association." 

The  Baptistsof  Iowa  went  on  gaining  from  year  to 
year.  Their  strength  and  efficiency  were  increased 
by  accessions  to  the  ministry  of  able  and  earnest  men, 
many  of  whom  came  under  the  appointment  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  by  the 
constant  tide  of  emigration  from  the  older  States 
bringing  in  many  faithful  Baptists,  and  by  the 
conversion  of  souls.  New  fields  of  Christian  labor 
were  occupied,  churches  were  multiplied,  a  general 
organization  for  missionary  work  was  formed,  ad- 
ditional Associations  were  established,  the  Sunday- 
school  enterprise  was  pressed  forward,  means  were 
proposed  and  devi.sed  for  the  advantages  of  higher 
education,  and  institutionsof  learning  were  founded. 

Baptist  churches  are  found  in  most  of  the  prin- 
cipal cities  and  towns  of  the  State.  There  are  now 
in  Iowa  24  Baptist  Associations,  410  churches, 
having  a  membership  of  24,700 ;  over  10(X)  were 
added  to  these  churches  by  baptism  during  the  year 
1879-80.  They  have  about  2.')0  Sunday-schools, 
with  20,000  pupils,  and  are  well  represented  nu- 
merically in  their  institutions  of  learning  now  at 
work.  The  Baptist  ministry  of  Iowa  has  many 
men  of  sterling  worth.  Not  a  few  of  them  have 
supported  their  families  in  part  or  altogether  by 
the  labor  of  their  own  hands  while  preaching  the 
gospel  to  others.  Iowa  Baptists  have  been,  and 
they  still  are,  represented  in  the  civil  and  educa- 
tional interests  of  the  .State  and  nation,  holding 
places  of  prominence  and  trust  in  halls  of  legisla- 
tion, in  executive  and  judicial  positions,  and  among 
professional  men.  Iowa  Baptists  have  contributed 
some  noble  men  and  women  for  the  work  of  foreign 
missions,  and  for  missionary  toils  in  the  dark  places 
of  our  own  land,  .\mong  the  biographical  sketches 
of  this  work  will  be  found  the  names  of  a  few  men 
who  are  now  living  in  the  State  or  are  sleeping  in 
its  soil.  These  by  no  means  exhaust  the  list  of 
men  worthy  of  special  notice,  but  may  be  accepted 
as  representatives  of  the  different  classes  whose 
lives  and  labors  occupy  an  important  place  in 
Iowa  Baptist  history. 

Iowa  Baptists  have  a  future  which  has  the  prom- 
ise of  marked  advancement  and  blessed  results  to 


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those  interests  of  Christ's  kingdom  committed  to 
their  trust. 

Iowa,  Baptist  Centennial  Academy  of,  is 
located  in  Malvern,  Mills  Co.,  Soudnvi'ntern  Iowa. 
The  enterprise  w;is  begun  mainly  by  Kev.  J.  W.  Koe, 
pastor  iit  iliilvern,  in  1870.  The  expense  of  build- 
ing wiis  borne  almost  wholly  by  the  church.  The 
.subscriptions  taken  by  Mr.  Roe  amounted  to  $800U, 
but  he  died  before  the  ediBoe  was  begun.  It  was 
erected  in  1877-78,  during  the  pastorate  of  his 
successor,  the  Rev.  0.  T.  Conger,  the  name  of  Mr. 
Roe  being  chi.seled  in  the  corner-stone.  The  build- 
ing is  a  beautiful  structure,  and  cost,  as  it  now 
stands,  about  !?12,lXX).  The  first  and  only  princi- 
pal the  school  has  had  thus  far  is  R.  M.  Bridges, 
A.M.,  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments. 

Iowa  Baptist  State  Convention.—'"  In  re- 
sponse to  a  call  of  the  Des  Moines  Association,  a 
Convention  of  brethren  from  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Iowa  Territory  was  held  in  Iowa  City,  -June 
3-4,  1842,  to  consider  the  expediency  of  forming  a 
Territorial  Association  for  missionary  purposes." 
Twenty-five  delegates  were  present.  Some  had 
-walked  seventy-five  miles.  Three  of  these  dele- 
gates, C.  E.  Brown,  William  Elliott,  and  M.  W. 
Rudd,  are  still  living  and  in  Iowa.  B.  Carpenter 
was  made  president,  and  W.  B.  Morey  secretary,  of 
"  The  Iowa  Baptist  General  Association."  In  1851 
the  name  was  changed  to  "  Iowa  Baptist  State 
Convention."  The  constitution  then  adopted  said, 
"  The  olyect  of  this  Association  shall  be  to  promote 
the  preaching  of  the  gospel,  ministerial  education, 
and  all  the  general  objects  of  benevolence  through- 
out this  Territory.''  Though  the  name  of  the  or- 
ganization has  been  changed,  the  declared  object 
has  remained  the  same. 

At  the  time  of  this  organization  there  were  about 
380  Baptists  in  the  Territory,  and  not  more  than  15 
Baptist  churches,  while  Iowa  then  had  a  population 
of  about  52,000.  For  the  first  fourteen  years  of  its 
history  this  Association  was  little  more  than  an 
agent  for  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  to  advise  and  assist  that  society  in  its 
work.  In  18.54  and  1855  the  Convention  at- 
tempted some  direct  labors  in  behalf  of  the  German 
population.  In  1856  the  Rev.  I.  M.  Seay  received 
the  first  commission  ever  issued  by  this  body.  Dur- 
ing the  same  year  two  other  missionaries  were  sent 
forth,  and  the  Convention  entered  heartily  upon  its 
declared  work.  During  1857  twenty-five  mission- 
aries were  appointed,  and  Rev.  J.  Y.  Aitchison  was 
chosen  agent.  From  1858  to  1861,  Rev.  D.  P. 
Smith  labored  in  the  interest  of  the  Convention  as 
financial  agent,  and  a  band  of  earnest-working 
missionaries  were  kept  on  the  field.  "  In  1863, 
Rev.  S.  IT.  Mitchell  became  missionary  agent,  and 
labored  till  the  fall  of  1869.  Other  men  have  toiled 
in  the  general  agency  and  missionary  work  of  the 


Convention  for  shorter  periods  and  rendered  good 
service,  while  during  all  these  years  a  number  of 
noble,  earnest-hearted  men  have  lieen  laboring  as 
missionaries  in  the  destitute  and  remote  parts  of 
the  State.  Among  the  secretaries  have  been  Rev.  T. 
S.  Griffith,  Rev.  J.  F.  Childs,  and  Rev.  T.  F.  Thick- 
stun.  Rev.  J.  Sunderland,  the  present  mission- 
ary secretary  and  general  missionary,  in  a  reccntcir- 
cular  says,  "  The  Home  Mission  Society  has  aided 
missionaries  in  Iowa  for  forty-one  years,  issuing 
about  600  commissions.  Besides  all  the  churches 
organized,  houses  of  worship  built,  Sunday-schools 
established,  and  souls  .saved,  more  than  .5000  per- 
sons have  been  baptized  into  our  churches  in  this 
State  by  its  missionaries.  Its  work  has  equaled  the 
labor  of  one  man  for  four  hundred  and  forty-two 
years,oranaverageofeleven  missionaries  constantly 
at  work  for  the  forty-one  years.  It  has  expended 
in  this  State  $115,000.  The  State  Convention  has 
aided  missionaries  for  the  la.st  twenty-five  years, 
issuing  386  commissions.  Its  missionaries  have 
baptized  3029  persons,  organized  69  churches,  and 
aided  in  building  66  meeting-houses.  Their  work 
equals  the  labor  of  one  man  for  two  hundred  and 
sixty-one  years,  or  an  average  of  eleven  men  for  the 
twenty-five  years.  There  has  been  raised  and  ex- 
pended in  this  work  S05,300.  In  the  \\hole  work 
of  Baptist  missions  in  Iowa  there  has  been  ex- 
pended §180,000. 

The  Convention  is  now  prosecuting  its  missions 
in  co-operation  with  the  Home  Mission  Society, — 
holding  the  control  of  the  work  in  its  own  hands 
with  such  guarantees  of  assistance  from  the  Home 
Mission  Society  as  enabled  the  Convention  to  ex- 
tend it  and  increase  its  efficiency.  There  are  at 
present  thirty  missionaries  under  appointment,  in- 
cluding one  Scandinavian  and  one  German.  There 
is  a  growing  interest  in  this  work,  and  a  very  deep 
conviction  of  the  responsibility  and  promise  of  the 
present  and  future. 

The  Convention  has  its  Sunday-school  depart- 
ment and  Sunday-school  secretary.  Formerly  there 
was  an  organization  called  "  The  Iowa  Baptist 
Sunday-School  Union,"  formed  in  1867,  and  hav- 
ing for  its  object  "To  promote  the  interests  of 
Baptist  Sunday-Schools  in  Iowa."  This  continued 
till  1878,  and  did  good  service.  Now  the  Sunday- 
school  work  is  a  department  of  the  Convention.  It 
is  put  in  the  hands  of  a  committee  of  five,  known 
as  "  the  Sunday-School  Committee  co-operating 
with  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society." 
The  plan  includes  the  employment  of  a  Sunday- 
school  missionary,  "  to  do  a  general  pioneer  mis- 
sionary work  in  destitute  fields,  by  establishing 
Sunday-schools,  organizing  churches,  holding  meet- 
ings with  feeble  churches,  holding  Sunday-school 
institutes,"  etc.  In  the  Baptist  churches  of  Iowa 
there    are    about   250    Sunday-schools,  having  a 


IRELAND 


585 


IH  WIN 


membership  of  officers,  teachers,  and  pupils  of 
over  20,00).  A  number  of  the  smaller  churches 
join  union  scliools,  and  some  of  the  weaker,  scat- 
tered churches  have  no  schools.  For  two  years  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  and  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention  have  sustained  a  Sunday- 
school  missionary.  Through  the  efforts  of  these 
missionaries  new  churches  and  schools  have  been 
organized,  and  twelve  Associations  have  formed 
Sunday-school  Conventions.  Other  Associations 
devote  a  part  of  their  time  to  Sunday-school  inter- 
ests. Institutes  have  been  held,  awakening  greater 
enthusiasm  in  the  work.  These  Sunday-school 
missionaries  have  sold  several  hundred  volumes  of 
denominational  works,  besides  giving  away  books, 
Testaments,  and  tracts. 

In  connection  with  their  State  Convention  Iowa 
Baptists  have  "The  Iowa  Union  for  Ministerial 
Kducation,"'  and  "  The  Iowa  Baptist  Pastors'  Con- 
f>'rence.'"  These  assemble  annually  with  the  Con- 
vention, and  also  at  the  quarterly  meetings  of  the 
board.  The  Union  for  Ministerial  Education  was 
organized  in  1867.  Its  object  is  ''  the  assistance 
of  young  men  of  Baptist  churches  in  their  educa- 
tional preparation  for  the  gospel  ministry."  The 
union  has  assisted  over  fifty  brethren,  several  of 
whom  are  ordained  pastors. 

The  Pastors'  Conference  was  organized  in  1S67. 
Its  object  is  "  the  mutual  improvement  of  its  mem- 
bers in  Biblical  knowledge  and  in  the  duties  con- 
nected with  the  ministry."  Ministers"  institutes 
are  occasionally  held  under  the  guidance  of  this 
Conference. 

Ireland,  Rev.  James,  was  bom  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1748.  lie  was  brought  up  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  his  fathers.  His  education  and 
talents  were  respectable.  He  came  to  America 
after  reaching  manhood,  with  pleasing  manners, 
.and  without  Christ  in  his  heart.  He  was  some- 
thing of  a  poet,  and  in  revising  one  of  his  religious 
pieces  he  was  deeply  convicted  of  guilt,  from  which 
faith  in  a  suffering  Saviour  delivered  him.  He  be- 
came eminent  as  a  preacher  soon  after  his  baptism  ; 
his  learning  and  the  tenderness  of  his  manner  pro- 
duced a  powerful  impression  upon  his  hearers,  and 
the  Spirit's  blessing  upon  the  truth  he  proclaimed 
made  him  a  great  enemy  of  Satan's  empire.  lie 
formed  several  Baptist  churches  during  his  min- 
istry, which  extended  over  forty  years,  and  his  in- 
fluence in  favor  of  truth  was  verv  great. 

This  led  the  Episcopal  clergy  of  Virginia  to  stir 
up  social  and  legal  pcr.secutions  against  him.  He 
was  thrust  into  jail  in  Culpeper  for  preaching 
without  the  authority  of  law  ;  abuse  was  heaped 
upon  him  on  his  wa}'  to  prison  ;  within  its  walls 
an  attempt  was  made  to  blow  him  up  with  gun- 
powder, and  on  its  failure  an  effort  was  put  forth  to 
suffocate  him  by  burning  brimstone  at  the  door  and 
38 


window  of  his  jail.  It  was  also  planned  to  poison 
him.  His  persecutions  permanently  injured  his 
health  ;  two  accidents  completed  the  work  begun 
by  State  church  tyranny,  and  Mr.  Ireland  entered 
upon  his  rest  May  5,  1806. 

Ireland,  Joseph  Alexander,  M.D.,  a  distin- 
guished physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  15,  1824.  At  the  age  of  seve>i- 
teen  he  commenced  studying,  and  graduated  in 
the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine  in  18.^1,  and  im- 
mediately began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the 


JOSEHU    .\LEXANDER    IRELAND.     M.D. 

city  of  Louisville.  In  I8u4  he  removed  to  Jeffer- 
son County,  where  he  practised  as  a  physician 
about  ten  years.  In  1848  he  was  set  apart  for  the 
ministry  by  a  Baptist  church,  of  which  he  had  been 
a  member  from  his  youth,  and  preached  statedly 
to  several  churches  in  his  neighborhood.  In  1S04 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases 
of  Women  and  Children  in  the  Kentucky  School 
of  Medicine,  and  afterwards  was  made  a  professor 
in  the  university  at  Louisville.  Since  187.')  he  has 
filled  the  chair  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children 
in  both  the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine  and  the 
Louisville  Medical  College. 

Irish  Baptists.     See  English  Baptists. 

Irwin,  Rev.  Charles  Mercer,  eldest  son  of 
Maj.  Isaiah  T.  and  Isabella  Irwin,  was  born  in 
Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.,  Nov.  11,  1813.  He  was  converted 
in  early  life,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
(if  Sardis  church  by  Rev.  Enoch  Callaway.  His 
father,  being  wealthy,  gave  him  the  best  educa- 
tional advantages  of  the  day.    Prepared  for  college 


IRWIN 


5Rfi 


IVES 


by  Rev.  Otis  Smith  at  Powelton,  he  went  throujjh 
most  of  the  regular  course  in  the  State  University 
at  Athens,  ami  then  studied  law  in  the  University  of 
Virginia.  On  his  return  to  Georgia  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1S34,  married  a  most  aniialile  lady,  Miss 
Harriet  E.  Battle,  settled  in  Washington,  Wilkes 
Co.,  and  for  two  years  practised  law  successfully. 
He  then  settled  on  a  plantation  in  Hancock  County. 
There  the  Spirit  of  God  met  him  and  moulded  him 
to  his  own  sacred  purposes.  The  feelings  which 
made  him  say  at  sixteen,  "If,  when  grown,  I  feel 
as  I  do  now,  I  shall  preach,"  constrained  him  to 
consecrate  himself  to  the  Lord  for  life.  He  entered 
the  ministry  and  was  ordained  at  Powelton.  After 
devoting  several  years  to  missionary  labor  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  State,  he  settled  as  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Madison,  where  he  remained 
eight  years,  developing  preaching  talents  of  a  high 
order,  and  manifesting  remai'kable  executive  ability. 
So  successful  were  his  labors  that  his  church  in- 
creased largely,  and  soon  was  regarded  as  a  model. 
His  next  two  pastorates  were  at  Atlanta  and  in  Al- 
bany, Ga.,  in  which  latter  place  he  lalwred  with  won- 
derful success  for  three  or  four3'ear3.  Broken  down 
in  health,  he  took  a  northern  trip  for  recuperation 
in  1860.  Then  came  sad  years  of  war.  Residing 
on  his  plantation  in  Lee  County,  he  preached 
gratuitously  to  country  churches  until  peace  spread 
her  balmy  wings  over  the  land  once  more.  Al- 
though he  has  been  a  pastor  twice  since  the  war, 
his  health  has  not  been  equal  to  the  demands  of 
the  position,  and  he  has  devoted  most  of  his  time 
for  the  last  ten  years  to  agency  work  in  the  State 
of  Georgia  in  behalf  of  foreign  missions,  for  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention.  In  this  he  has  been 
faithful  and  efficient.  Mr.  Irwin  is  a  man  of  fine 
and  varied  talents,  he  is  modest  as  to  his  own 
merits,  but  a  fluent  speaker.  By  nature  ho  is 
strictly  honest,  affectionate,  and  very  devoted  to 
his  family,  two  children  having  blessed  this  union. 
In  disposition,  he  is  pleasant  and  genial ;  in  man- 
ners, courteous  and  obliging.  His  piety  is  un- 
doubted, and  he  has  been  a  successful  pastor  and 
preacher,  and  a  good  business  man.  For  several 
years  he  was  clerk  of  the  State  Convention  ;  has, 
for  a  long  time,  been  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  for  the  Mercer  University.  Few  men  are 
more  generally  beloved  among  the  Georgia  Baptists 
for  their  usefulness  in  the  past,  their  excellence  of 
character  and  qualities  of  sterling  worth. 

Irwin,  Isaiah  Tucker,  a  pious  and  wealthy 
deacon  of  the  Sardis  church,  in  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga., 
who  was  born  in  Amherst,  Va.,  Aug.  15,  1783,  and 
dieil  in  April,  18.56.  His  parents  moved  to  Georgia 
when  he  was  quite  young,  and,  settling  in  Wilkes 
County,  engaged  in  farming,  which  occupation  he 
himself  pursued,  gradually  accumulating  a  large 
landed   property.     At  nineteen   he  married  Miss 


Isabella  Bankston,  a  woman  in  whom  all  the 
virtues  of  mind,  heart,  and  person  were  blended, 
and  who  reached  the  age  of  ninety-one.  Mr.  Irwin 
was  a  very  popular  and  useful  man.  He  repre- 
sented his  county  in  the  Legislature  for  manv 
years,  and  served  in  the  Creek  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  major.  In  1827  the  prayers  of  his  pious 
wife  were  answered,  and  he  was  converted  and 
united  with  the  church  of  which  he  was  afterwards 
an  active,  liberal,  and  useful  member.  He  was 
ordained  a  deacon  soon  after  uniting  with  the  Sar- 
dis church,  and  filled  the  office  well.  His  house 
was  the  seat  of  a  princely  hospitality;  nor  did  he 
ever  permit  a  minister  who  was  his  guest  to  leave 
without  bestowing  on  him  a  pecuniary  gift.  To 
his  children  he  gave  the  very  best  educational  fa- 
cilities that  the  country  afforded,  and  he  lived  to 
see  them  all  happily  married  and  followers  of 
Jesus.  A  daughter  became  the  wife  of  the  distin- 
guished Baptist  minister,  Rev.  J.  L.  Brookes ;  his 
second  son  was  Speaker  of  the  Georgia  House  of 
Representatives ;  and  Ids  eldest  son.  Rev.  C.  M. 
Irwin,  a  useful  Bivptist  minister,  is  still  living. 
To  his  servants  Mr.  Irwin  was  remarkably  kind 
and  considerate,  providing  liberally  for  their  re- 
ligious instruction.  In  return  they  almost  idolized 
him.  Affectionate  and  warm-hearted  by  nature,  he 
was  the  tender  husband,  the  kind  and  loving  father, 
the  sympathizing  and  generous  neighbor,  and  faith- 
ful Christian.  With  full  barns,  he  never  forgot  the 
poor,  whether  in  the  church  or  out  of  it,  and  at  his 
mills  the  widows'  sacks  were  always  filled,  and  their 
wants  were  supplied  in  many  other  ways.  When 
he  died  gloom  pervaded  the  community,  and  at  his 
funeral  the  poor  exclaimed,  "  We  have  lost  our  best 
friend."'  In  person  he  was  tall  and  commanding, 
being  in  that,  as  in  every  other  respect,  one  of 
nature's  noblemen. 

Ives,  Dwight,  D.D.,  son  of  Abraham  and 
Eunice  (Day)  Ives,  was  born  in  West  Springfield 
(now  part  of  Holyoke),  Mass.,  Sept.  20,  1805 ; 
pursued  academical  studies  in  New  Ipswich,  N.  H., 
under  Robert  A.  Coffin  ;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  class  of  1835,  at  the  age  of  thirty  ;  preached 
for  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Springfield,  Mass.. 
where  he  was  ordained ;  settled  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Alton,  111.,  where  he  won  a  high  repu- 
tation, but  was  compelled  from  ill  health  to  return 
to  the  East;  settled  with  the  Second  Baptist  church 
in  Suffield,  Conn.,  by  the  side  of  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  ;  guided  in  the  erection  of  a 
beautiful  church  edifice,  and  drew  a  large  congre- 
gation and  built  up  a  strong  church  ;  labored  in 
this  important  field  from  1839  to  1874  with  most 
remarkable  success,  baptizing  more  than  1200  per- 
sons, and  greatly  aiding  the  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution  and  benefiting  the  whole  State ;  was  a 
leading  man  in  all  ministerial  circles  and  all  edu- 


IVES 


587 


IVES 


catioDal  and  missionary  affairs ;  received  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Brown 
University  in  1857  ;  left  two  sons,  the  elder  of 
which,  William  C,  graduated  at  Brown  University 


'INS^'KS/'*, 


'*^-* 


DWIGHT   rVES,  D.D. 

in  1865 ;  resigning  in  Suffield  in  1874,  from  age 
and  ill  health,  he  removed  to  Conway,  Mass.,  and 
preached  as  he  was  able  to  the  church  in  that  place  ; 
died  in  Conway,  Dec.  22,  1875,  aged  seventy  years; 
one  of  Xew  England's  noblest  men  and  most  effect- 
ive preachers. 

Ives,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  wa.s  pastor  of  a  General 
Baptist  church  in  London,  England,  fur  more  than 
thirty  years.  lie  h;ul  a  peculiar  talent  for  discus- 
sion, which  enabled  him  to  use  with  much  readiness 
his  great  intellect  and  his  stores  of  learning.  He 
had  controversies  with  the  Quakers  and  the  Pres- 
byterians, in  which  he  obtjiined  considerable  repu- 
tation. Crcsby  says  that  his  fame  reached  Charles 
II.,  who  sent  for  him  to  dispute  with  a  Romish 
priest.  Mr.  Ives  entered  upon  the  discussion  in  the 
habit  of  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  and  pressed  the 
priest  very  closely.  He  showed  that  the  '"  pre- 
tended antiquity  of  their  doctrines  and  practices 
fell  short  of  the  days  of  the  apostles ;  for  they 
were  not  to  be  found  in  any  writings  which  remain 
of  the  apostolic  age."  The  priest,  after  much 
wrangling,  in  the  end  replied  "  that  this  argument 
was  of  as  much  force  against  infant  baptism  as 
against  the  doctrines  and  ceremonies  of  the  Church 
of  Rome."  To  which  Mr.  Ives  replied  that  he 
readily  granted  what  he  said  to  be  true.  The 
priest  upon  this  broke  up  the  controversy,  saying 


"  he  had  been  cheated,  and  that  he  would  proceed 
no  farther,  for  he  came  to  dispute  with  a  clergyman 
of  the  Established  Church,  and  it  was  now  evident 
that  this  was  an  Anabaptist  preacher."  There  is 
no  community  of  Christians  who  are  entirely  in- 
vulnerable to  the  assaults  of  Rome  except  the  Baf>- 
tist  denomination,  a  church  ages  older  than  the 
apostasy  of  the  popes. 

Ives,  Moses  Brown,  was  bom  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  .July  21,  1794,  and  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
Poynton  and  Hope  Brown  Ives.  His  father  was 
the  senior  partner  of  the  old  and  everywhere  re- 
spected firm  of  Brown  &  Ives,  and  his  mother 
the  sister  of  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  the  gen- 
erous patron  of  the  university  which  bears  his 
name. 

It  was  the  intention  of  his  father  in  due  time  to 
introduce  him  into  the  firm  of  which  he  was  a 
member.  Believing,  however,  that  mental  disci- 
pline and  culture  are  not  inconsistent  with  the  call- 
ing of  the  merchant,  he  decided  to  give  him  a  full 
collegiate  education.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1812,  and  wishing  to  pursue  his  studies 
still  farther,  he  entered  the  law-school  at  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  which  then  ranked  among  the  best  profes- 
sional schools  of  its  character  in  the  country.  On 
completing  his  course  of  study  here  he  was  still 
comparatively  a  youth,  and  it  was  deemed  wise 
that  he  should  reap  the  benefits  of  foreign  travel, 
especially  in  so  far  as  they  had  a  bearing  on  his 
future  calling  in  life.  "  While  abroad,"  s.ays  Dr. 
Wayland,  "  his  object  seems  to  have  been,  not  so 
much  to  see  sights  and  walk  through  galleries,  as 
to  observe  men  and  acquaint  himself  with  the 
habits  and  manners  of  merchants  of  distinction. 
I  have  heard  him  frequently  refer  to  this  period  of 
his  life,  but  I  think  never  for  any  other  purpose 
than  to  illustrate  the  modes  of  doing  business  in 
the  several  capitals  which  he  had  occasion  to 
visit." 

Having  passed  through  the  preparatory  training, 
he  entered  the  counting-room  of  Brown  &  Ives, 
and  at  once  applied  himself  to  the  work  to  which 
he  proposed  to  devote  his  life,  and  he  became,  in  the 
best  sense  of  the  word,  "  a  model  merchant."  His 
opinion  on  all  matters  connected  with  his  profes- 
sion was  received  with  the  highest  respect.  He 
believed  that  there  were  great  principles  which 
were  as  certain  and  undeviating  in  business  as  the 
laws  of  nature,  and  he  rigidly  adhered  to  them. 
But  it  is  not  as  a  successful  merchant  that  we  wish 
to  call  attention  to  Mr.  Ives,  but  to  the  deep  inter- 
est he  took  both  in  popular  and  liberal  education. 
The  city  of  Providence  owes  to  him  a  debt  of  grat- 
itude for  what  he  did  in  elevating  the  standard  of 
common-school  education  which  it  can  never  pay. 
His  relations  to  Brown  University  were  of  the  most 
intimate  character.     He  was  elected  a  member  of 


IVET 


588 


IVIMEY 


its  board  of  trustees  in  1822,  and  in  1825  he  was 
chosen  its  treasurer,  and  without  compensation, 
and  as  a  labor  of  love  to  liis  alma  mater,  dis- 
charged its  onerous  and  sonietiiiu>s  complicated 
duties  for  the  long  period  of  thirty-two  years. 
"  Durini;  the  twenty-nine  years  of  my  connection 
with  the  university,''  says  Dr.  Wayland,  "I  do  not 
remember  an  examination  at  some  of  the  exercises 
of  which  ho  was  not  present  unless  detained  by 
sickness,  and  in  whicli  he  did  nut  take  a  lively  in- 
terest. His  interest  never  flagged  when  anything 
could  be  suggested  to  improve  the  condition  of  the 
institution  which  he  loved  so  well.  If  in  any  re- 
spect Brown  University  has  gained  in  favor  with 
the  public ;  if  it  has  taken  a  more  honorable  rank 
among  tlie  colleges  of  New  England  ;  if  its  means 
of  education  have  lieen  rendered,  in  any  respect, 
ample,  and  its  board  of  instruction  sucli  as  would 
adorn  any  similar  institution  in  our  country  ;  to  no 
one  are  we  more  indebted  for  all  this  tlian  to  the 
late  treasurer  of  the  university." 

Mr.  Ives,  although  like  his  uncle,  the  lion.  Nich- 
olas Brown,  not  a  memlier  of  tlie  church,  was  an 
habitual  worsliiper  in  the  venerable  meeting-liouse 
of  the  First  Baptist  church.  lie  was  not  wont  to 
give  expression  to  his  religious  views,  but  as  the 
shadows  of  time  passed  away,  and  the  solemn  real- 
ities of  eternity  rose  to  his  view,  he  did  not  hesi- 
tate to  make  known  the  ground  of  his  hopes.  "  I 
am  now  on  my  death-bed,"  said  he,  in  a  note 
dictated  to  a  friend,  "  but  my  mind  is  perfectly 
clear.  I  am  firm  and  unwavering  in  my  belief  in 
Jesus  Christ  and  him  crucified."  To  another  he 
sent  this  message,  "  Give  him  this  short  message 
from  me, — '  Look  unto  Jesus.'  "  Such  testimony  to 
his  firm  and  unshaken  trust  in  his  Redeemer, 
coming  from  the  lips  of  sucli  a  man,  meant  all  it 
expressed. 

Ivey,  Rev.  F.  H.,  was  born  in  Fayetteville, 
N.  C,  in  I8;U ;  bred  in  the  Observer  office  under 
the  training  of  E.  J.  Hale,  baptized  by  Dr.  James 
McDaniel,  and  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College, 
it  is  not  strange  tliat  Mr.  Ivcy  is  a  capital  writer 
and  an  excellent  preacher.  lie  was  for  eleven 
years  pastor  of  tlie  Baptist  church  of  Athens,  Ga. ; 
returned  to  North  Carolina  in  1873  ;  did  good  work 
as  agent  for  Wake  Forest  College  for  more  than  a 
year,  and  has  been  for  the  last  four  years  pastor  in 
Goldsbornugh. 

Ivimey,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  bom  at  Ringwood, 

Hampshire,  England,  May  22,  1773.  When  a 
youth  he  was  convicted  of  sin,  and  a  gospel  hope 
first  entered  his  heart  through  the  stanza, — 


"lu  tho  world  of  endless  ruin 
It  shall  iH!Vor  once  bo  said, 
There's  a  soul  tliat  perished  suing 
Fur  tho  Saviour's  promised  aid." 

This  hope  was  soon  after  confirmed,  so  that  he 
could  regard  the  Saviour  as  his.  He  was  baptized 
Sept.  16,  1790.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Eagle  Street  church.  Red  Lion  Square,  London, 
Jan.  10,  1.S05.  His  labors  were  attended  with  great 
success,      lie   was  gifted  with   much   energy,  with 


REV.  JOSEPH   IVIMEY. 

an  unusual  power  of  gaining  and  keeping  informa- 
tion, and  with  fearless  faithfulness  in  proclaiming 
the  whole  truth  of  God.  He  had  the  happiness  of 
baptizing  his  own  father  and  mother.  His  father 
was  seventy  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  im- 
mersion, and  only  partook  of  tlie  Lord's  Supper 
once  after  he  was  received  into  the  church. 

Mr.  Ivimey  wrote  a  life  of  Jolin  Bunyan,  which 
enjoyed  considerable  popularity,  and  "A  History 
of  the  English  Baptists,"  in  four  octavo  volumes, 
the  last  two  of  which  were  published  in  1830.  This 
history  is  invaluable.  It  is  only  seldom  for  sale, 
and  when  it  can  be  purchased  it  is  held  at  a  high 
price.     He  was  also  the  author  of  other  works. 

Mr.  Ivimey  closed  his  useful  life  Feb.  8,  1834 
A  little  before  his  departure  he  said, — 

"  Not  a  wave  of  trouble  rolls 
Across  my  peaceful  breast." 


JACKSON 


589 


JACKSON 


J. 


Jackson,  Gov.  Charles,  son  of  Hon.  lliclianl 
Jackson,  and  In-other  of  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Jackson, 
was  born  in  Provi<lence,  K.  I.,  March  3,  1797,  and 
was  a  jrraduate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1817.  He  pursued  his  hiw  studies  in  the  office  of 
Hon.  James  Burrill,  of  Providence,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1820.  After  practising  his  pro- 
fession for  three  years,  he  retired  from  it,  and  de- 
voted himself  to  the  manufacture  of  cotton,  and  re- 
sided for  several  years  in  a  village  which  took  its 
name  from  him, — Jacksonville.  He  returned  to 
Providence  in  1839,  and  devoted  himself  during  tlie 
remainder  of  his  life  to  the  manufacturing  interests 
of  the  State  and  of  the  country  at  large.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly of  Rhode  Island,  and  Speaker  of  tlie  House  in 
1841-42.  He  was  chosen  governor  of  the  State  in 
184.5,  and  held  the  office  one  year.  His  death  oc- 
curred at  Providence,  Jan.  21,  1876.  Although  not 
a  professor  of  religion,  he  had  a  pew  in  the  First 
Baptist  meeting-house  in  Providence,  and  regarded 
tliat  place  as  his  religious  home. 

Jackson,  Henry,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  .June  16,  179.S.  By  family  cimncction  he  was 
related  to  some  of  the  first  people  in  the  city  of  his 
birth  and  in  Rhode  Island.  Having  completed  his 
preparatory  studies  in  the  university  grammar 
school,  he  entered  Brown  University  in  1813. 
During  his  second  year  in  college  he  was  bap- 
tized, and  became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence,  then  under  the  pastoral 
charge  of  Rev.  Dr.  Gano.  At  once  he  took  a  de- 
cided stand  as  a  Christian  worker,  and,  obeying 
what  he  recognized  as  the  call  of  God,  he  resolved 
to  devote  himself  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  min- 
istry. To  fit  liimself  for  it  he  repaired  to  the  An- 
dover  Theological  Institution,  and  pursued  the  full 
course  of  study  there.  The  First  Baptist  church 
in  Providence,  with  which  he  was  connected,  gave 
him  a  license  to  preach  the  gospel  in  1820.  He  was  | 
'  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  Nov.  27,  1822.  For  fourteen  years  he 
labored  witli  groat  zeal,  and  was  rewarded  by  see-  I 
ing  the  growth  of  liis  cliurcli,  both  in  numbers  and 
spiritual  efficiency.  It  was  largely  owing  to  his 
influence  and  practical  aid  that  the  Charlestown 
Female  Seminary  was  founded,  an  institution 
which  did  an  incalculable  amount  of  good  in  the 
intellectual  training  of  young  ladies,  and  fitting 
very  many  of  them   for  positions  of  great   useful- 


ness in  after-life.      His  ministry  in  Charlestown 
closed  Oct.  19,  1836. 

Dr.  Jackson  had  received  an  invitation  to  take 
charge  of  tlie  First  Baptist  church   in  Hartfnrd, 


UE.NUV    JAtK.SON,   D.D. 

Conn.,  before  his  resignation  of  his  pastorate  in 
Charlestown.  After  a  few  weeks  of  cessation 
from  his  ministerial  work,  he  was  installed  at 
Hartford.  Serious  illness  interrupted  bis  labors 
after  he  had  been  in  his  new  field  a  little  more 
than  a  year.  After  a  sca.son  of  rest,  he  was  an.\- 
ious  once  more  to  be  engaged  in  the  work  of 
the  ministry,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  New  Bedford,  where  he  was  in- 
stalled Jan.  1,  1839.  Seven  years  were  spent  in 
New  Bedford.  Once  more  be  found  himself  over- 
worked, and  compelled,  in  comparative  retirement, 
to  recruit  bis  wasted  energies.  He  resunuMl  bis 
work  in  January,  !!-'47,  and  was  settled  as  the  pas- 
tor of  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Newport,  U.  1. 
The  church  had  recently  been  formed,  and  he  was 
its  first  pastor.  This  was  his  longest  pastorate, 
extending  from  January,  1847,  to  the  close  of  life, 
a  period  of  a  little  n\ore  than  twenty-three  years. 
When  tlie  end  of  liis  long  ininisterial  career  came, 


JACKSON 


590 


JACKSON 


he  had  been  in  the  vocation  which,  in  his  young 
days,  he  had  accepted  with  such  a  hearty  conse- 
cration of  himself  to  his  Lord,  nearly  forty-one 
years.  During  this  time  he  had  welcomed  into  the 
different  cliurches  of  wliich  he  had  been  pastor 
nearly  1400  persons,  having  administered  the  or- 
dinance of  baptism  to  870  of  this  number. 

Dr.  Jackson  was  greatly  interested  in  all  forms 
of  educational  institutions.  In  1828  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Xewton  Theo- 
logical Institution,  and  a  trustee  from  1825  through 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  By  liis  will  he  left  gen- 
erous bequests  to  both  these  seminaries  of  learn- 
ing. Hepublishedahistory  of  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Rhode  Island,  and  by  his  industry  and  diligent 
search  gathered  up  materials  which,  but  for  his 
labors,  might  have  been  irrecoverably  lost. 

The  death  of  Dr.  Jackson  was  almost  a  transla- 
tion. He  was  on  his  way  to  East  Greenwich,  R.  I., 
going  there  on  some  errand  of  Christian  love. 
While  engaged  in  pleasant  conversation  with  a 
friend  who  sat  by  his  side,  without  a  moment's 
warning,  life  was  extinct,  and  he  was  transferred 
from  the  scene  of  his  labors  to  that  of  his  reward. 
It  was  without  doubt  a  stroke  of  apoplexy.  The 
event  occurred  March  2,  1S63,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
four  years  and  eight  months  and  four  days.  He 
had  filled  so  prominent  a  place  in  the  denomina- 
tion in  which  for  so  long  a  time  he  had  exercised 
his  ministry,  that  his  sudden  departure  was  a  great 
shock  to  his  friends.  It  is  difficult  to  realize  the 
sum  total  of  the  good  which  sprang  from  all  those 
years  of  service  for  the  Master.  That  he  owned 
and  blessed  the  service  was  the  servant's  exceeding 
great  reward. 

Jackson,  Col.  Moses,  a  member  of  the  Missis- 
sippi senate  from  Wilkinson  and  Amite  Counties, 
was  born  in  Amite  Co.,  Miss.,  in  1822;  became  a 
Baptist  in  1852,  and  has  since  lived  a  consistent 
Christian  life  in  the  midst  of  public  duties  ;  twenty- 
two  years  a  trustee,  and  twenty-four  years  a  deacon, 
and  twenty-five  years  clerk  of  his  church.  When  the 
General  Association  of  South  Mississippi  and  East- 
ern Louisiana  was  formed,  in  1866,  he  was  elected 
moderator.  He  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  a 
private,  and  was  promoted  through  several  grades 
to  that  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  33d  Miss.  Regi- 
ment. Besides  several  minor  offices  which  he  has 
held,  in  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla- 
ture, and  re-elected  in  18C3.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  senate,  and  re-elected  in  1877. 

Jackson,  Hon.  Richard,  was  born  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  July  3,  1764.  His  early  boyhood 
brought  him  within  the  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
■war.  When  there  were  grave  fears  that  Providence 
would  be  attacked  by  the  British,  the  father  of 
young  Jackson  removed    his  family  to  Pomfret, 


Conn.,  where  they  remained  for  some  time  away 
from  the  dangers  and  excitements  of  the  war.  Mr. 
Jackson  early  showed  a  taste  for  business  pursuits, 
and  embarked  in  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
enterprises,  in  the  prosecution  of  which  he  was 
eminently  successful.  He  also  developed  a  taste 
for  political  life,  and  was  honored  several  times 
with  the  votes  of  his  fellow-citizens  to  fill  places  of 
important  civil  trusts.  In  1815  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Tenth  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  and  so  acceptable  were  his  services  to  a 
majority  of  the  people  of  his  native  State  that  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  and  Thir- 
teenth Congresses.  The  whole  period  of  his  ser- 
vice as  one  of  the  representatives  from  Rhode 
Island  was  nearly  seven  years,  covering  the  period 
between  November  11,  1808,  and  March  4,  1815. 
In  all  matters  affecting  the  welfare  of  his  native 
town  he  took  a  great  interest.  Of  one  of  the 
leading  insurance  companies  of  Providence — the 
AVashington — he  was  the  president  for  thirty-eight 
years.  He  took  also  an  abiding  interest  in  the  af- 
fairs of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in  whose  meeting- 
house he  worshiped  for  so  many  years.  Brown 
University  chose  him  as  a  member  of  its  corporation 
in  1809,  and  he  held  this  office  until  his  death, 
which  took  place  at  Providence,  April  18,  1838. 
Mr.  Jackson  was  the  father  of  Rev.  Henry  Jackson, 
D.D.,  and  of  Hon.  Charles  Jackson,  who  was  gov- 
ernor of  Rhode  Island  during  the  gubernatorial 
year  1845-46. 

Jackson,  Rev.  R.  S.,  a  gifted  young  minister,  a 
native  of  Louisiana,  was  born  near  the  mouth  of 
Red  River,  Sept.  12,  1844;  was  educated  at  Mount 
Lebanon  University  and  the  State  Seminary  at 
Alexandria.  He  left  school  to  enlist  in  the  Confed- 
erate army,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain.  After 
the  war  he  engaged  in  teaching ;  began  to  preach 
in  1869  to  the  Creoles  in  their  vernacular;  was 
subsequently  tutor  in  Mississippi  College;  secretary 
of  the  Ministerial  Educational  Board  of  the  Lou- 
isiana Convention,  and  missionary  of  Bayou  Macon 
Association,  La.  After  a  successful  pastorate  at 
Bastrop,  La.,  he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  As  a  contributor  to  the  religious 
press  he  attained  distinction.  He  died  at  the  sem- 
inary from  an  old  army  wound  in  1874. 

Jackson,  Thomas,  a  prominent  Baptist  layman 
in  E.astern  Louisiana,  was  one  of  "  Marion's  men" 
during  the  Revolution,  and  accompanied  the  old 
"  Swamp  Fox"  throughout  the  war.  It  was  he  who 
prepared  the  dinner  of  roasted  sweet  potatoes  for 
the  British  officers  who  visited  Marion's  camp  under 
a  flag  of  truce,  and  who  reported  that  it  was  im- 
possible to  conquer  men  who  fought  for  liberty  and 
lived  upon  roots.  He  came  to  East  Feliciana  Par- 
ish, La.,  in  1806,  and  either  united  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Hepzibah  church  in  1813,  or  became  a 


JACKSON 


591 


JACOBS 


member  soon  after.  He  diej  in  1844.  Several  of 
his  descendants  have  been  prominent  Baptists  in 
the  State. 

Jackson,  Wade  M.,  a  pioneer  among  the  Bap- 
tists of  Missouri,  was  born  in  Fleming  Co..  Ky., 
Dec.  3,  1797,  and  died  in  Howard  Co.,  .Mo.,  March 
22,  1870.  He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1824,  and  set- 
tled on  the  farm  where  lie  died.  He  was  the  father 
of  Mrs.  Judge  James  Harris,  of  Boone  Co.,  Mo., 
and  brother  of  Claiborne  F.  Jackson,  late  governor 
of  Missouri.  As  an  honored  citizen  of  Central 
Missouri  he  stood  in  the  front  rank.  lie  became  a 
Baptist  forty-one  years  before  his  death,  and  con- 
secrated his  life  to  Christ,  and  served  his  denomi- 
nation faithfully.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Exec- 
utive Missionary  Board  of  the  General  Association 
for  years,  and  a  trustee  of  William  Jewell  College. 
He  rendered  valuable  aid  in  drawing  up  the  charter 
of  that  institution,  and  helped  to  organize  it.  Many 
old  friends  followed  him  to  his  resting-place  in  the 
family  burying-gronnd  near  his  home. 

JacksoE,  Eev.  Wingate,  was  bom  in  1776  in 
Virginia,  and  removed  in  early  life  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  reached  eminence  as  a  preacher.  He 
came  to  Missouri  about  1809,  and  laljored  in  and 
around  Cape  Girardeau  and  Jackson.  He  belonged 
to  Bethel  Association,  and  great  success  attended 
his  ministry.  He  was  clear  in  doctrine,  eloquent 
in  speech,  wise  in  counsel,  and  untiring  in  labor. 
He  died  in  1835.  His  opinions  for  years  after  his 
death  were  quoted  to  settle  controversies. 

Jacobs,  B.  F.,  Esq. — This  name  is  one  well 
known  among  active  and  enterprising  Christian 
workers  throughout  the  land.  Mr.  Jacobs  was 
born  at  Paterson,  X.  J.,  in  September,  1834.  He 
was  baptized  in  Chicago  in  1854,  by  Rev.  J.  C. 
Burroughs,  then  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
uniting  with  that  church,  of  which  he  has  remained 
a  member  until  now.  Previous  to  his  removal  to 
Chicago  he  had  lived  for  some  years  in  Detroit, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  the  Bible-class  of  Mr. 
S.  N.  Kendrick.  His  conversion  occurred  while 
there.  Immediately  upon  uniting  with  the  church 
in  Chicago  he  began  active  Christian  work,  at  first 
as  a  teacher  in  the  Taylor  Street  Mi.ssion  School, 
the  first  of  such  schools  established  in  Chicago, 
being  engaged  also  in  a  similar  way  in  the  home 
school.  In  1856  the  first  of  the  mission  schools  of 
our  own  denomination  in  Chicago  was  opened  in 
what  was  then  called  Xew  Street,  now  Seventeenth, 
and  named  the  Xew  Street  Mi.ssion  ;  subsequently, 
in  recognition  of  the  generous  aid  given  it  by  Miss 
Shields,  of  Philadelphia,  called  the  Shields  Mission. 
Of  this  mission  Mr.  Jacobs  remained  the  superin- 
tendent for  eight  years,  and  under  his  guidance 
it  grew  to  be  one  of  the  most  efficient  agencies  of 
the  kind  in  the  city.  In  1865,  when  Deacon  S. 
Hoard,  by  reason  of  his  connection  with  the  Sec- 


ond church,  upon  the  west  side  of  the  river,  left 
the  superintendency  of  the  school  at  the  First 
church,  Mr.  Jacobs  was  elected  superintendent  in 
his  place.  The  church  was  at  that  time  building  a 
new  house  of  worship  on  Wabash  Avenue,  and  was 
meeting  meantime  in  Bryan  Hall.  On  the  first 
Sunday  in  January,  1800,  it  removed  to  the  lecture- 
room  of  the  new  house,  a  room  made  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  800.  The  school  numbered  only 
90,  and  seemed  at  first  almost  lost  in  the  new 
quarters,  but  began  at  once  to  grow,  and  so  con- 
tinued until  it  had  reached  nearly  1200.  During 
this  time  Mr.  Jacobs  remained  the  superintendent, 
and  continued  such  until  the  house  on  Wabash 
Avenue  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1874.  Upon 
the  erection  of  a  new  house  in  the  south  part  of 
the  city,  Mr.  Jacobs,  with  others,  organized  a  school 
and  evening  congregation  upon  Wabash  Avenue 
near  the  site  of  the  house  that  was  burned.  This, 
under  the  name  of  the  Tabernacle,  has  been  con- 
tinued until  the  present  time.  The  school  at  pres- 
ent numbers  400.  There  are  126  members  of  the 
organization  holding  their  formal  membership  with 
the  First  church,  but  having  otherwise  a  distinct 
identity.  The  weekly  evening  prayer-meeting 
numbers  from  75  to  100,  fully  three-fifths  of  whom 
are  men.  Of  those  who  have  connected  themselves 
with  the  organization  most  have  come  in  by  bap- 
tism, many  of  them  rescued  from  the  lowest  depths 
of  dissipation.  At  the  evening  service,  which  is 
always  well  attended,  Mr.  Jacobs  preaches. 

The  large  place  which  Mr.  Jacobs  ha.s  filled  in 
general  church  work  would  deserve  detailed  record 
if  space  would  allow.  He  was  one  of  the  founders, 
and  has  always  been  one  of  the  most  active  mem- 
bers of  the  Young  Men"s  Christian  Association  of 
Chicago,  an  organization  which  grew  out  of  the 
revival  of  1857-58.  In  1861,  Mr.  Jacobs,  Mr. 
Moody,  and  Mr.  Tuthill  King  inaugurated  the  re- 
ligious work  at  Camp  Douglas,  in  Chicago,  which 
was  continued  during  the  war  with  the  happiest 
results.  As  one  of  the  first  who  visited  on  a  like 
errand  the  troops  in  service  in  the  South,  he  may 
be  said  to  have  had  a  share  in  creating  the  Christian 
Commission,  with  which  he  remained  connected  to 
the  end  of  the  struggle,  serving  as  its  secretary 
for  the  West,  and  raising  for  its  uses  the  sum  of 
more  than  3100,000.  In  the  general  Sunday-school 
work.  State  and  national,  he  has  labored  during 
many  years ;  was  the  originator  of  the  Interna- 
tional Sunday-School  Committee,  and  remains  a 
member  of  that  committee  to  this  day.  This  is 
but  the  meagre  outline  of  a  career  of  remarkable 
Christian  activity,  carried  on  amidst  the  exacting 
demands  of  an  engrossing  business,  and  which,  we 
rejoice  to  say,  has  still  the  promise  of  many  years' 
continuance. 

Jacobs,  Capt.  William  S.,  commanded  at  sea' 


JAMES 


592 


JAMES 


for  many  years,  and  on  retiring,  resided  at  Liver- 
pool, Xova  Scotia.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  town  ;  was  liberal  in  sup- 
port of  all  denominational  objects,  and  at  his  death, 
in  1863,  left  handsome  bequests  to  Acadia  College, 
to  home  missions,  ;im(1  inlirm  ministers. 

James,  Prof.  Charles  Sexton,  Ph.D.,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  P.i.,  Feb.  6,  1820.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Haddington  Institution,  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Dagg,  D.D.  He  entered 
Brown  University  at  sixteen,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  famous  class  of  1840,  in  which  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  .James  K.  Boise,  AVm.  T.  Brantly,  Eben- 
ezer  Dodge,  ex-Gov.  Gaston,  of  Massachusetts,  J.  II. 
Kendrick,  Ilcnian  Lincoln,  and  Henry  G.  Weston. 
His  course  was,  however,  interrupted  by  a  three 
years'  absence,  and  his  graduation  deferred  until 
1843.  lie  distinguished  himself  as  a  student,  and 
particularly  in  Greek.  He  was  chosen  to  meml)er- 
ship  in  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  in  liis  Junior 
year.  He  was  converted  during  a  revival  at  Brown 
University  in  1835,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Tenth  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia, 
by  Rev.  J.  H.  Kennard,  D.D.  After  his  gradua- 
tion he  became  an  instructor  with  his  uncle,  T.  D. 
James,  in  the  academy  at  Eleventh  and  JIarket 
Streets,  Philadelphia,  until  1851,  when  he  was 
called  to  the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa.  As  a  scholar,  Prof.  James  was  exact 
and  thorough.  As  a  te.icher,  for  more  than  a  third 
of  a  century,  he  w.as  enthusiastic  and  eminently 
successful.  The  dry  problems  of  pure  mathe- 
matics wei-c  poetry  to  him,  and  in  his  hands  were 
clothed  with  unknown  charms  to  his  classes.  Many 
of  Lewisburg"s  best  and  most  useful  graduates  refer 
to  his  class-room  as  the  place  of  their  first  and 
lasting  inspiration  to  exact  reasoning  and  earnest 
scholarship. 

As  a  student  of  the  Bible  and  a  member  of 
the  church,  Prof.  James  was  reverent  and  diligent. 
He  was  always  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday- 
school.  His  knowledge  of  the  New  Testament 
was  founded  upon  a  thorough  study  of  the  original 
Greek.  For  years  he  has  conducted  a  Sunday 
morning  Bible-class  of  college  students  in  his 
parlor,  the  New  Testament  being  studied  in  Greek. 

In  1859,  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Columbian  College.  Prof.  .James  was 
singularly  modest.  In  his  class-room,  and  within 
the  circle  of  his  appointed  labors,  he  was  devotedly 
loved  by  those  who  knew  him  best,  as  a  man  of 
.self-sacrificing  generosity  and  earnest  devotion  to 
the  cause  of  Christian  education. 

James,  Rev.  John,  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  meeting  in  Bulstake  Alley,  Whitechapel, 
London.  In  the  latter  end  of  1661,  Mr.  James 
was  rudely  interrupted  twice  by  officers  of  the  law 


while  preaching  to  his  own  people,  and  commanded 
to  come  down.  Then  he  was  dragged  out  of  the 
pulpit.  A  perjured  wretch  named  Tipler,  a  jour- 
neyman pipe-maker,  charged  him  with  uttering 
treasonable  words  against  the  king;  and  so  dis- 
reputable a  person  was  Tipler  that  the  justice  re- 
fused to  commit  Mr.  James  on  his  testimony,  unless 
it  was  corroborated  ;  but  this  was  done,  and  the 
good  pastor  was  sent  to  the  Tower. 

On  the  14th  of  November  he  was  brought  before 
Chief-Justice  Foi-ster,  and  three  otlier  judges,  at 
Westminster  Hall,  where  he  was  charged  with 
'' endeavoring  to  levy  war  against  the  king;  with 
seeking  a  change  in  the  government;  with  saying 
that  the  king  was  a  bloody  tyrant,  a  blood-sucker, 
and  a  bloodthirsty  man,  and  that  his  nobles  were 
the  same ;  and  that  the  king  and  his  nobles  had 
shed  the  blood  of  the  saints  at  Charing  Cross,  and 
in  Scotland."  To  this  indictment  he  pled  "  not 
guilty,  neither  in  matter  nor  form.''  And  there 
was  not  a  tittle  of  evidence  to  substantiate  one  of 
the  charges  in  any  just  court  on  earth.  Mr.  James 
was  remanded  to  Newgate  for  four  days,  when  the 
trial  was  to  proceed.  In  the  mean  time  he  received 
a  letter  from  a  friend  of  distinction,  who  informed 
him  that  for  many  years  there  had  not  been  such 
efforts  to  pack  a  jury,  and  that  his  only  hope  of 
safety  lay  in  challenging  them,  or  "  most  of  the 
chief  men  of  them."  When  Mr.  James  was  brought 
before  the  court,  the  chief  justice  exclaimed,  "  Oh, 
oh,  are  you  come?"  '"and  this  was  a  specimen  of 
the  way  in  which  his  trial  was  conducted."  lie 
was  condemned  according  to  the  plot  of  those  who 
planned  his  murder;  and  the  next  day,  after  the 
court  had  .sentenced  him,  his  wife  presented  a 
petition  to  King  Charles  II.  proving  his  innocence, 
and  appealing  for  mercy ;  but  the  only  reply 
of  his  majesty  was,  "  Oh  !  Mr.  James,  he  is  a  sweet 
gentleman,"  "  and  the  door  was  shut  against  her." 
The  next  morning  she  made  another  appeal  to  him  ; 
and  his  cruel  response  was,  "  He  is  a  rogue,  and 
shall  be  hanged." 

When  he  w.as  asked  if  he  had  anything  to  say 
why  sentence  of  death  should  not  be  pronounced 
upon  him,  his  answer  was:  "  As  for  me,  behold,  I 
am  in  your  hand:  do  with  me  as  it  seemeth  good 
and  meet  unto  you.  But  know  ye  for  certain  that 
if  ye  put  me  to  death,  ye  shall  surely  bring  inno- 
cent blood  upon  yourselves,  and  upon  this  city,  and 
upon  the  inhabitants  thereof.  Precious  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord  is  the  death  of  his  saints.  He 
that  toucheth  you  toucheth  the  apple  of  mine  eye." 
And  when  Mr.  .James  heard  his  sentence,  he  imme- 
diately added,  "  Blessed  be  God,  whom  man  hath 
condemned  God  hath  justified." 

At  Tyburn,  where  he  was  hung,  drawn  and  quar- 
tered, his  remarks  were  gentle  and  loving,  and  his 
soul  brave  and  full  of  hope.     "His  quarters  were 


JAMES 


593 


JAMES 


taken  back  to  Ne\vu;ate  prison  on  the  sled;;e  which 
brought  liim  to  the  gallows,  and  they  were  after- 
wards placed  on  the  city  gates,  and  his  head  was 
set  upon  a  pole  opposite  his  meeting-house." 

John  James  was  an  inoffensive  and  benevolent 
man,  free  from  any  blemish  in  his  character,  and 
guiltless  of  every  charge  in  the  indictment.  He 
was  savagely  mui-dcred  by  Charles  II.,  his  courtiers, 
and  his  tools,  the  judges,  to  terrify  the  Dissenters, 
and  especially  the  Baptists,  into  loyalty.  Un- 
doubtedly the  vengeance  of  God,  invoked  by  the 
innocent  blood  of  John  James,  had  something  to 
do  with  driving  the  Stuarts  from  the  throne  of 
England.     Mr.  .James  was  a  Seventh-Day  Baptist. 

James,  Rev.  John  Angell  (colored),  was  born 
Nov.  o,  1S2(J,  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ga.  He  w.os  raised 
on  a  farm,  but  became  a  mechanic.  lie  professed 
religion,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  S.  Landrum  in 
1S49.  and  joined  the  Cotton  Avenue  Baptist  church 
in  Macon,  Ga.,  Feb.  10,  IS.iO.  He  was  licensed  in 
1S5G  by  the  Cotton  Avenue  church.  In  September, 
186.5,  the  Second  Street  (colored)  church  was  formed 
by  members  who  took  letters  from  the  Cotton  Ave- 
nue church.  They  called  Mr.  James  to  ordina- 
tion, and  he  was  set  apart  to  the  gospel  ministry 
by  a  Presbytery  consisting  of  Rev.  E.  W.  Warren 
(white).  Rev.  F.  M.  Ilaygood  (white),  and  Rev. 
Frank  Quarles  (colored),  on  the  I4th  of  October, 
1866.  He  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 
Street  church  in  October,  1807,  and  served  nine 
years  with  much  success,  and  baptized  over  300 
persons.  He  then  went  to  Houston  County,  where 
he  organized  the  Springfield  (colored)  church,  which 
he  served  sixteen  months.  Returning  to  Macon, 
he  organized  the  Fulton  church,  which  he  served 
two  years  as  pastor.  He  then  went  to  Forsyth, 
Ga.,  and  organized  the  St.  James  (colored)  Baptist 
church  in  18(5",  where  he  still  labors  industriously 
and  usefully.  He  has  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  that  church  374  persons.  The  total  number  bap- 
tized by  him  during  his  ministry  to  the  present 
time,  1880,  is  738.  Mr.  James  is  one  of  the  most 
intelligent,  useful,  and  laborious  ministers  among 
the  colored  Baptists  of  Georgia,  and  one  who 
stands  high  in  the  denomination.  For  years  he 
was  clerk  of  the  Middle  Georgia  Association  (col- 
ored), a  large  and  working  body.  For  eight  years 
he  has  been  assistant  secretary  of  the  Colored  State 
Baptist  Convention,  and  is  a  vice-president  of  that 
Ijody  and  secretary  of  its  executive  board.  He  is 
liberal,  earnest,  and  devout,  and  he  is  a  faithful 
jiastor,  enjoying  the  confidence  of  all.  and  a  man 
of  marked  ability  as  a  preacher  and  writer  among 
his  race. 

James,  J.  H.,  a  banker  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  was  born 
in  Henry  County,  July  14,  IS.W.  His  father  re- 
moved to  Georgia  from  North  Carolina,  of  which 
State  he  was  a  native.     Until  manhood  Mr.  James 


resided  on  his  father's  farm.  There  was,  however, 
in  him  a  genius  for  business  that  could  not  brook 
such  a  life,  so,  at  twenty,  he  went  to  Atlanta  and 
accepted  a  situation  at  $10  per  month,  which,  before 


J.  H.  JAMES. 

a  great  while,  was  increased  to  $100  per  month. 
In  INOO  he  opened  a  banking-house  in  Atlanta,  and 
when  the  war  began  was  wealthy  ;  but  the  end  of 
the  war  found  him  worth  about  $12,tKX)  only.  He 
opened  his  bank  again,  and  prosecuted  his  business 
with  such  success  that  he  is  now  one  of  the  wealth- 
iest men  in  Georgia.  His  business  capacity  and  in- 
tegrity are  such  that  he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  all 
who  know  him,  and  has  now  established  for  him- 
self the  reputation  of  a  financier  of  the  first  order. 
In  manner  Mr.  James  is  pleasant  and  friendly  ; 
free  from  affectation,  and  full  of  geniality.  As  a 
citizen,  he  is  charitable  and  public-spirited  ;  as  a 
Christian,  generous  and  sincere,  taking  part  in  all 
denominational  affairs,  and  in  the  family  circle  he 
is  kind,  affectionate,  and  considerate.  He  has  oc- 
cupied the  position  of  mayor  of  Atlanta,  is  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  University,  and  a  trustee  and  superintend- 
ent of  the  Baptist  Orphans"  Home  of  Georgia,  lo- 
cated at  Atlanta. 

In  1876  his  name  was  suggested  in  connection 
with  the  gubernatorial  election,  and  many,  de- 
siring to  secure  for  the  State  the  benefit  of  his 
financial  ability,  entreated  him  to  allow  his  name 
to  be  placed  before  the  nominating  convention,  but 
this  he  declined. 

Mr.  .Tames  is  a  man  of  great  liberality.  At  his 
individual  expense  he  erected  two  Baptist  houses 


JA.}fES 


594 


JAJIfESON 


of  worship  in  Atlanta,  at  a  cost  of  $2500  each  ; 
and  to  the  completion  of  another  he  contributed 
the  sum  of  §3500,  besides  generously  aiding  in  the 
support  of  ministers  for  these  churches.  Thou- 
sands of  his  minor  charities  have  relieved  the  ne- 
cessities of  the  poor,  and  if  the  worth  of  men  should 
he  measured  by  their  gifts  to  the  needy,  that  of 
Mr.  James  would  appear  pre-eminent.  His  dona- 
tions to  churches  since  the  war  sum  up  more  than 
■^  15,000,  an  amount  considerably  in  excess  of  the 
entire  capital  with  which  he  resumed  business. 

He  is  one  of  those  noble  men  who  win  their  way 
in  life  by  capacity,  integrity,  and  sound  judgment, 
and  who  rise,  not  on  the  ruin  of  others,  but  through 
the  legitimate  exercise  of  their  own  abilities  and 
good  sense  in  the  ordinary  business  affairs  of  life. 

During  the  panic  of  1873,  when  many  of  the 
wealthiest  bankers  were  compelled  to  suspend, 
some  going  into  bankruptcy,  a  heavy  pressure  was 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  establishment  of  Mr. 
James,  by  the  unexpected  demands  of  depositors. 
At  this  juncture  he  closed  his  bank  until  he  could 
collect  assets,  when  a  number  of  the  wealthy  men 
of  Atlanta,  voluntarily  and  through  the  press,  pro- 
posed to  assume,  in  his  behalf,  liabilities  varying 
from  five  to  fifty  thousand  dollars  each.  Such  a 
manifestation  of  faith  is  seldom  met  in  the  history 
of  bankers  or  banking  institutions,  and  this  was 
an  expression  of  confidence  unmistakably  sincere, 
since  it  was  based  upon  the  advance  of  large  sums 
of  actual  capital  for  immediate  use. 

Mr.  James  frequently  attends  the  denominational 
gatherings  of  his  brethren,  and  his  speeches  ai'C  al- 
ways plain,  practical,  and  full  of  good  sense. 

James,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  30,  1814  ;  was  for  three  sessions  a  student  at 
Wake  Forest  Institute,  and,  after  teaching  for  two 
years  in  Virginia,  graduated  at  Columbian  Univer- 
sity, Washington,  D.  C,  in  1S41.  Mr.  James  was 
baptized  at  the  age  of  eighteen  by  the  Rev.  John 
G.  Mills,  and  was  ordained  in  1842,  Rev.  J.  G. 
Mills  and  Rev.  A.  M.  Poindexter  constituting  the 
Presbytery.  After  laboring  for  many  years  with 
much  success  as  pastor  in  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C,  aid- 
ing in  the  organization  of  Oxford  Female  College, 
and  being  a  useful  member  of  the  various  boards 
of  the  Convention,  he  became  editor  of  the  Biblical 
Recorder  in  1854,  which  position  he  held  till  1861. 
He  now  resides  on  his  farm  in  Caswell  County, 
and  preaches  only  occasionally. 

James,  Rev.  Owen,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1848,  in 
the  County  of  Carmarthen,  Wales.  Until  his  six- 
teenth year  his  time  was  spent  partly  at  school 
and  partly  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  con- 
verted in  the  summer  of  1864,  was  baptized,  and 
became  an  active  and  useful  church  member.  His 
marked  ability  at  so  early  an  age  prompted  the 
church  to  advise  him  tn  prepare  for  the  ministry, 


to  which  his  own  inclinations  strongly  urged  him  ; 
but  circumstances  for  the  time  made  it  impractica- 
ble. Soon  after  this  he  united  with  another  Bap- 
tist church,  and  here,  again,  after  a  most  useful 
membership  of  nearly  four  years,  the  church  urged 
him  to  devote  himself  to  preparation  for  the  min- 
istry. Through  the  advice  of  Dr.  Thomas  Price, 
of  Aberdarc,  Mr.  James  made  his  arrangciiients  to 
come  to  the  United  States.  He  entered  the  pre- 
paratory department  of  Lewisburg  University  in 
.September,  1870,  and  the  college  in  1872,  front 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1876  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class.  In  the  fitU  of  the  same  year 
he  entered  Crozcr  Theological  Seminary,  and  was 
graduated  from  it  in  1871*.  He  was  immediately 
called  to  the  pastoi'ate  of  the  North  Baptist  church, 
Washington,  D.  C,  which  he  accepted,  where  he 
was  ordained,  and  where  he  still  labors.  Mr. 
James  is  an  interesting  and  instructive  preacher ; 
is  gifted  with  unusual  logical  and  analytical  power, 
and  presents  his  themes  in  so  fresh  and  original 
a  manner  that  the  most  thoughtful  minds  listen  to 
his  expositions  of  Scriptural  truth  with  both  pleas- 
ure and  profit.  His  congregation,  though  not  very 
large,  contains  some  of  the  most  cultured  of  the 
denomination  among  its  members. 

James,  Rev.  Richard  S.,  M.D.,  president  of 
Judson  University  (Judsonia,  Ark.),  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1824  ;  educated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity and  Columbian  College,  Wiushington,  D.  C. ; 
ordained  in  1859;  pastor  nine  years  at  Camden 
and  Marlton,  N.  J.  ;  was  pastor  at  West  Newton, 
Mass.,  and  Market  Street  church,  Zanesville,  0. ; 
and  professor  in  Hillsdale  College,  Mich.  ;  was 
pastor  at  Medina,  Mich.,  where  he  was  also  prin- 
cipal of  Oak-Grove  Academy.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  present  year  (1880)  he  was  called  to  Jud- 
sonia, Ark.,  and  soon  after  his  arrival  was  elected 
president  of  the  Judson  University,  located  at  Jud- 
sonia. Dr.  James  is  an  enthusiastic  teacher,  an 
eloquent  preacher,  and  a  sprightly  writer. 

Jameson,  Ephraim  H.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
St.  George,  Me.,  May  19,  1835.  Ilis  father,  Rev. 
Thomas  Jameson,  was  for  many  years  a  Baptist 
pastor  in  Maine,  but  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he 
died  in  1870,  at  the  age  of  eighty  years.  Mr. 
Jameson  was  educated  at  the  Lebanon  and  South 
Berwick  Academies,  in  Maine,  and  the  Kingston 
Academy,  N.  H.  He  then  entered  upon  the  pro- 
fession of  teaching.  In  1854  he  was  born  into  the 
kingdom  of  Christ.  With  a  change  of  heart  came 
convictions  of  duty  in  another  direction,  and  he  en- 
tered the  New  Hampton  Collegiate  and  Theological 
Institution,  at  Fairfax,  A'^t.,  to  prepare  for  the  min- 
istry. After  completing  his  classical  course,  difficul- 
ties arrested  his  efforts,  and  he  resolved  to  engage  in 
secular  pursuits  till  the  way  should  open  for  him 
to  preach  the  gospel.     He  went  West,  spent  some 


JAMESON 


595 


JAPAN 


time  in  teaching,  and  afterwards  several  years  in 
the  editorial  profession  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  bore 
an  honorable  part  in  the  war  as  colonel  of  a  U.  S. 
regiment.     lie  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Mis- 


EI'IIRAIM    H.  E.  JAMESON',  D.D. 

souri  Legislature,  and  being  re-elected,  filled  the 
Speaker's  chair  one  year. 

During  all  this  time  the  voice  of  conscience  was 
calling  him  to  his  real  life-work.  lie  endeavored 
to  compromise  by  engaging  in  Sunday-school  and 
mission  efforts,  but  this  only  led  him  to  follow 
Christ  more  fully,  lie  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1874,  by  the  Park  Avenue  Baptist  church  of  St. 
Louis,  and  on  May  9,  1876,  he  was  publicly  or- 
dained to  the  ministry. 

Dr.  Jameson  was  chosen  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Omaha,  Neb.,  Aug.  1,  1S76.  He  still 
continues  in  that  office.  The  completion  of  their 
large  church  edifice  will  remain  for  years  a  monu- 
ment to  his  indefatigaVde  energy.  Shortly  after  his 
settlement  in  Nebraska  he  was  chosen  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  a 
position  which  he  still  hoMs,  and  in  which  he  has 
rendered  the  State  valuable  service.  In  June, 
1880,  he  received  from  Central  University,  Iowa, 
the  degree  of  D.D. 

Jameson,  Rev.  J.  D.,  late  pastor  at  Camden, 
Ark.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  18.50  ;  began  to  preach 
in  Columbia  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1870  ;  after  a  course  of 
study  at  Mississippi  College,  interrupted  by  bad 
health,  he  spent  one  year  in  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  ;  was  successful  as  agent  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Pulilication  Society  ;  as  pastor 


at  Mineral  Springs  and  at  Camden,  Ark. ;  at  present 
he  is  State  evangelist. 

Janes,  Col.  Absalom,  a  prominent,  consistent, 
and  efficient  member  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
in  Georgia,  was  born  in  Wilkes  County,  June  8, 
1796.  In  1839  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Penfield, 
where  he  dwelt  until  his  death,  Sept.  2.5,  1847. 

He  was  for  eleven  years  tareasurer  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention,  and  managed  the  finances  of 
the  body  during  years  of  extreme  monetary  depres- 
sion with  remarkable  success.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  Institute  until  it  became  Mercer  Univer- 
sity, and  until  his  death,  in  1847,  he  continued  to 
be  one  of  its  trustees.  In  sustaining  and  in  firmly 
establishing  these  two  institutions,  and  all  the 
other  benevolent  Baptist  enterprises  of  Georgia,  he 
was  an  active  and  most  eflicient  co-laborer  with 
Mercer,  Mallary,  Stocks,  Sherwood,  Dawson, 
Thornton,  Battle,  Davis,  Campbell,  and  Walker. 
Col.  Janes  had  talents  of  a  high  order,  with  a 
strong,  active,  discriminating  intellect.  He  pos- 
s>'ssed  great  quickness  of  perception,  excellence 
of  judgment,  and  energy  of  character.  He  was 
liberal,  public-spirited,  and  philanthropic,  cl.aiming 
and  receiving  nothing  for  his  services  while  treas- 
urer of  the  Convention.  In  practical  financial 
affairs  his  judgment  was  inferior  to  that  of  no  one. 
For  several  years  be  represented  Taliaferro  County 
in  the  State  senate,  and  in  1844  he  ran  against 
Hon.  A.  H.  Stephens  for  Congress,  and,  though 
defeated,  he  received  a  larger  vote  than  any  candi- 
date who  ever  opposed  A.  II.  Stephens.  Col. 
Janes  was  distinguished  for  unvarying  courtesy 
and  kindness  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  and  he  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  chief  builders  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Georgia. 

Japan,  Mission  to. — At  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Missionary  Union  in  1872,  it  was  resolved  to 
accept  Rev.  N.  Brown,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Goble 
as  their  missionaries  to  Japan,  they  having  been 
in  the  employ  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mission 
Society.  These  brethren  returned  to  the  field  of 
lalx)r  to  which  they  had  been  designated,  arriving  at 
Yokohama  in  febru.iry,  1873,  and  immediately  en- 
tered upon  their  work.  Mr.  Goble's  connection 
with  the  Union  continued  only  for  a  short  time. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Arthur  and  wife  were  appointed  as  mis- 
sionaries to  Japan  in  1873,  and  in  December  of  the 
same  year  Rev.  J.  T.  Doyen,  formerly  connected 
with  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  a  resident  of  Yoko- 
hama, was  also  appointed  as  a  missionary  of  the 
Union.  Dr.  Brown  entered,  very  soon  after  reach- 
ing the  field  of  his  labors,  upon  the  work  of  trans- 
lating the  Scriptures  into  J.ipanese,  and  in  1876 
was  able  to  report  good  progress  in  this  direction. 
From  January,  1875,  to  April,  1876,  there  had  been 
published  614,600  pages  of  various  translations,  in- 
cluding  the  gospels  of  Matthew  and   Mark,  the 


JARMAN 


596 


JEFFREY 


Epistle  of  James,  and  several  distinct  portions  of 
the  New  Testainont,  as  the  parables,  tlic  sermon 
on  the  mount,  etc.,  and  other  religious  reading.  A 
new  missionary  station  was  commenced  in  Tokio 
(Yeddo)  by  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Artliur  in  IS76.  Rev. 
F.  S.  Dobl)ins  and  wife  were  .sent  out  by  the  Union 
in  Octol)or,  1S76,  to  be  connected  with  Dr.  Brown. 
Mr.  Dobbins  was  obliged  to  return  to  this  country 
in  a  few  months,  on  account  of  the  sickness  of  his 
■  wife.  Mr.  Arthur,  one  of  the  most  promising  of 
all  the  missionaries  that  have  been  sent  to  the  for- 
eign field,  also,  was  compelled  to  retire  from  his 
labors,  and  sailed  for  California,  hoping  that  a 
.short  respite  from  his  work  would  restore  his 
health.  He  died  at  Oakland,  Cal.,  Deo.  9,  1877. 
The  church  which  was  formed  by  him  in  Tokio 
had,  on  the  1st  of  January,  1878,  23  members. 
The  outlook  for  the  mission  in  Japan  is  favorable. 
Dr.  Brown  says  in  his  report  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, "  here  are  33,000,000  of  people,  all  speaking 
the  same  language,  and  using  the  same  written 
characters."  Having  referred  to  the  fact  that  pre- 
vious translations  of  the  Bible  had  been  made  by 
those  who  were  not  favorable  to  Baptist  views, 
he  says,  "  We  marvel  that  Baptists  should  for  a 
moment  hesitate  as  to  the  duty  of  giving  this  people 
a  faithful  translation  of  the  Nevr  Testament.  AVc 
have  printed,  within  the  last  three  years,  over 
1.000,000  pages  of  Scripture,  including  the  first 
three  gospels,  and  portions  of  the  Old  Testament." 

In  Yokohama  in  18S0  there  were  7  male  and 
female  missionaries,  and  one  church  with  39  mem- 
bers. In  Tokio  there  were  5  missionaries,  one  man 
and  four  women,  and  one  church  with  37  mem. 
bers. 

Jannan,  Prof.  G.  W.,  A.M.,  was  born  May  14, 
1826,  in  Lawrence  Co.,  Ala.  lie  joined  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  1843  ;  graduated  at  La  Grange  Col- 
lege, Ala.,  in  1847.  Before  graduating  he  had 
employed  his  vacation  and  leisure  hours  in  studying 
medicine  with  a  view  of  becoming  a  physician. 
November,  1847,  he  was  elected  tutor  in  Union 
University,  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.,  and  com- 
menced teaching  .January,  1848.  In  1850  was 
elected  Professor  of  Latin  in  Union  University,  and 
in  1855  the  professorship  of  Greek  was  added  to 
that  of  Latin.  He  succeeded  Rev.  Dr.  Jos.  H. 
Eaton  as  president  of  Union  University  in  1860; 
resigned  his  position  in  Union  University  in  1873, 
and  in  1874  was  elected  principal  of  the  South- 
western Baptist  University,  Jackson,  Tenn.  In 
1875  was  elected  Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in 
the  same  institution,  and  in  1876  was  elected  chair- 
man of  the  faculty,  which  position  he  now  holds. 
He  has  had  students  from  every  quarter  of  the 
globe,  and  those  who  have  attended  his  instruction 
number  many  thousands.  With  slight  intermis- 
sions, has  been  engaged  in  teaching  for  thirty-three 


years.  Prof.  Jarman  isstill  in  his  prime,  and  looks 
as  though  he  might  have  another  thirty  years  before 
him.  Thorough  in  scholarship,  skillful  in  disci- 
pline, dignified  in  bearing,  he  commands  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  his  students.  lie  has  left  his 
impress  upon  great  numbers  who  now  occupy  the 
higher  walks  of  life  as  ministers,  lawyers,  physi- 
cians, teachers,  and  statesmen. 

The  Baptist  churches  of  Tennessee  and  the 
Southwest  are  greatly  indebted  to  this  veteran 
teacher  for  his  very  efficient  labors  in  their  behalf 
His  name  will  be  forever  associated  with  the  edu- 
cational work  of  the  denomination  in  Tennessee, 
and  will  grow  brighter  and  brighter  as  his  labors 
and  sacrifices  become  better  known  in  their  far- 
reaching  influence. 

JefFery,  Rev.  William,  was  born  at  Penliurst, 
England,  about  the  year  1016.  At  Seven-Oaks  he 
was  one  of  the  chief  supporters,  if  he  was  not  the 
founder,  of  the  Baptist  church.  Of  this  church, 
then  called  Bradburn,  he  became  the  pastor,  and 
under  his  zealous  labors  it  enjoyed  remarkable 
prosperity.  Mr.  Jeffery  preached  in  various  places 
in  the  county  of  Kent,  and  with  some  help  from 
others  was  instrument.al  in  founding  more  than 
twenty  churches.  lie  was  the  autlior  of  a  valuable 
work  called  "  The  Whole  Faith  of  Man,"  the  sec- 
ond edition  of  which  was  issued  in  1659.  He  was 
a  gentle  but  steadfast  Christian,  and  a  very  decided 
Baptist,  never  inviting  controversy,  and  never  per- 
mitting his  heaven-born  principles  to  lack  a  de- 
fender while  he  could  wield  a  spiritual  weapon  to 
protect  them. 

Mr.  Jeffery  suffered  much  for  his  principles.  On 
one  occasion  the  magistrates  of  Seven-Oaks  arrested 
all  the  men  in  his  congregation  while  they  were  at 
worship,  and  kept  them  in  prison  an  entire  night. 
The  next  day  the  justices,  after  an  examination, 
dismissed  them.  They  returned  to  the  church  to 
thank  God  for  their  deliverance.  To  their  aston- 
ishment, as  they  entered  the  house  of  God,  they 
saw  the  women  there,  who,  from  the  time  of  their 
arrest,  had  continued  in  fasting  and  prayer  for  their 
release  until  their  supplications  were  visibly  and 
joyfully  answered.  Mr.  Jeffery  was  imprisoned 
after  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.,  and  subjected 
to  many  hardships. 

After  a  life  of  great  usefulness,  of  universal  be- 
nevolence, and  of  abundant  labors  and  sufferings, 
Mr.  Jeffery  rested  from  his  toils  in  a  good  old  age, 
and  he  was  succeeded  in  his  pastoral  oflice  by  his 
son,  the  Rev.  John  Jeffery. 

Jeffrey,  Reuben,  D.D.,  w.is  bom  in  Leicester. 
England,  Feb.  15,  1S27,  and  came  to  America  when 
ten  years  of  age  with  his  parents,  who  settled  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  was  graduated  from  Madison 
University  and  the  theological  seminary  connected 
with   it.     His  first  settlement  was   at   N.antncket, 


JENCKES 


597 


JENKINS 


where,  in  1847.  he  was  ordained  and  entered  on  a 
very  successful  ministry. 

He  ha,s  filled  the  pastoral    office  in  the  First 
church  of  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  the  Fourth  church  in 


KEDBEN   JEFFREY,  D.D. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  the  Xorth  church  in  Chicago, 
III.  ;  and  the  Ninth  Street  church,  in  Cincinnati,  0. 
On  the  14th  of  December,  1873,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Marcy  Avenue  church,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
It  was  a  new  and  feeble  organization,  with  about 
40  members,  meeting  in  a  chapel.  The  house 
very  soon  became  too  small  for  his  audiences.  A 
new  one  was  built,  and  that  also  in  a  few  months 
was  overflowing.  It  was  enlarged,  and  more  than 
a  thousand  people  filled  it  at  every  service.  Tlie 
membership  has  increased  to  more  than  600,  the 
largest  portion  by  baptism.  Many  of  them  are 
among  the  most  substantial  people  in  that  section 
of  the  city.  His  friends  regard  this  as  the  most 
successful  work  of  his  life. 

Dr.  Jeffrey's  sermons  are  never  sensational.  lie 
speaks  without  a  manuscript  or  notes,  yet  his  dis- 
courses are  delivered  with  ease,  force,  and  clearness. 
His  rhetoric  is  good  and  his  logic  conclusive.  lie 
often  thrills  his  hearers  by  impassioned  bursts  of 
eloquence,  especially  when  presenting  the  great 
truths  of  the  gospel. 

Several  of  his  sermons  have  been  published. 
Recently  he  has  removed  to  Denver,  Col.,  where 
his  new  charge  are  building  a  spacious  house  of 
worship. 

Jenckes,  Gov.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  in  1656.    His  grandfather,  of  the  same  name, 


was,  without  doubt,  in  the  company  of  emigrants 
who  came  from  England  in  1630,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Gov.  Winthrop.  The  father  of  Gov.  Jenckes 
is  supposed  to  have  taken  up  his  residence  in  Paw- 
tucket about  the  year  16.35.  He  was  a  bl.icksaiith 
by  trade,  and  the  articles  of  his  manufacture  were 
in  ready  demand  in  the  section  of  the  country 
where  he  lived.  lie  was  honored  and  respected  in 
the  colony,  and  filled  several  important  offices  of 
civil  trust.  Like  his  father,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  also  took  a  prominent  part  in  civil  affairs. 
As  early  as  1705  he  was  a  commissioner  to  aid  in 
the  settlement  of  the  perplexing  questions  which 
arose  about  the  boundary-line  between  Rhode 
Island  and  Massachusetts.  He  was  elected,  in  1715, 
deputy  governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  in  office 
until  May,  1721.  Before  he  had  completed  his  term 
of  service  he  was  sent,  in  172(J,  to  Kngland  to 
bring  the  boundary  disputes  between  Rhode  Island 
as  the  one  party,  and  Connecticut  and  Massachu- 
setts as  the  other,  to  the  direct  notice  of  the  king. 
He  was  again  re-elected  deputy  governor  in  1722, 
and  continued  in  this  office  for  five  years,  making 
eleven  years  in  all  that  he  occupied  this  honorable 
position.  In  1727,  upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Crans- 
ton, who  had  been  in  office  for  the  long  period  of 
twenty-nine  years,  Mr.  .Jenckes  was  chosen  as  his 
successor,  and  occupied  this  post  of  honor  for  five 
years.  During  a  large  part  of  this  time  Gov.  Jenckes 
resided,  by  the  special  request  of  the  General  As- 
sembly, in  Xewport.  When  Gov.  Jenckes  com- 
pleted his  term  of  gubernatorial  service  he  was 
well  advanced  in  years.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
the  tallest  man  of  his  time  in  Rhode  Island,  stand- 
ing seven  feet  and  two  inches.  His  death  took 
place  June  15,  1740.  Gov.  Jenckes  was  a  decided 
Baptist.  Among  other  things  we  read  from  the 
inscription  that  was  placed  on  his  tombstone,  that 
"  he  was  a  bright  example  of  virtue  in  every  stage 
of  life.  He  was  a  zealous  Christian,  a  wise  and 
prudent  governor,  grave,  sober,  beautiful  in  per- 
son, with  a  soul  truly  great,  heroic,  and  sweetly 
tempered." 

Jenkens,  Rev.  C.  A.,  was  bom  in  Benton, 
Miss.,  Jan.  20.  1850;  educated  at  the  University 
of  Virginia  ;  taught  school  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
layman  and  vestryman  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
1875,  when  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  C.  Manly  in 
Staunton,  Va.  He  came  inimedi.itely  to  North 
Carolina,  and  took  charge  of  Warsaw  High  School, 
and  began  to  preach.  He  was  at  one  time  pastor 
of  Louisburg  church,  then  of  Franklinton,  and  now 
of  Oxford.  Mr.  Jenkens  edited  '"  Baptist  Doc- 
trines," published  in  St.  Louis  in  1880,  a  large  and 
valuable  work,  several  thousand  copies  of  which 
have  already  lieen  sold. 

Jenkins,  Charles  J.,  was  a  prominent  layman, 
for  many  years,  among  the  Baptists  of  Georgia. 


JENKINS 


598 


JENKINS 


lie  was  the  father  of  ex-Gov.  Clias.  J.  Jenkins  of 
that  State,  who  is  still  living.  He  was  born  in 
1780,  but  moved  from  Georgia  to  Beaufort  District, 
S.  C,  in  1804,  on  his  marriage  to  Miss  Susan  Emily 
Kenny  of  that  State.  He  resided  in  Beaufort  Dis- 
trict until  the  spring  of  1815.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jen- 
kins became  deeply  interested  in  the  subject  of  re- 
ligion, and  both  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Beauf(U't. 

During  several  years  of  his  residence  in  South 
Carolina  Mr.  Jenkins  was  ordinary  of  Beaufort 
District,  an  office  then  in  the  gift  of  the  State  Legis- 
lature, and  always  most  carefully  bestowed  because 
of  its  great  importance. 

About  the  beginning  of  1816  Mr.  Jenkins  re- 
moved to  Jefferson  Co.,  Ga.,  and  united  with  the 
Providence  Baptist  church,  on  Rocky  Comfort 
Creek,  twelve  miles  above  Louisville.  He  after- 
wards resided  a  short  time  in  Washington  County, 
near  Fenn's  Bridge ;  but,  about  the  beginning  of 
1819,  he  removed  to  Madison  County,  where  he 
built  a  Baptist  house  of  worship  and  organized  a 
Baptist  church  near  his  residence.  In  October  of 
the  following  year,  during  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Sarepta  Association,  at  Ruckersville,  Elbert 
Co.,  he,  as  clerk,  presented  the  following  resolu- 
tion, drawn  up  by  Rev.  Adiel  Sherwood,  D.D. : 

"  Resolved,  That  we  suggest  for  our  considera- 
tion, and  that  of  sister  Associations  in  this  State, 
the  propriety  of  organizing  a  general  meeting  of 
correspondence." 

The  resolution  was  adopted,  and  i-esulted  in  the 
formation  of  the  General  Association  on  the  27th 
of  June,  1822,  at  Powelton,  which  name  was 
changed  to  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State 
of  Georgia  in  1828. 

In  1822,  Mr.  Jenkins  was  appointed  surveyor 
and  collector  of  the  port  of  Apalachicola,  in  West 
Florida,  where  he  remained  three  years,  resigning 
and  returning  to  Georgia  on  account  of  his  depriva- 
tion of  church  privileges  in  Apalachicola.  He  set- 
tled in  Jefferson  County,  where  he  had  formerly  re- 
sided, on  his  return  to  his  native  State,  and  there 
he  died,  in  July,  1828,  in  his  forty-ninth  year.  Mr. 
Jenkins  was  a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  very  useful, 
kind  and  benevolent  in  disposition,  and  of  the  strict- 
est integrity.  He  was  exceedingly  energetic  and 
liberal,  but  seldom  let  his  right  hand  know  what 
his  left  was  doing.  lie  was  a  man  of  culture  and 
refinement.  He  never  sought  office ;  and  it  was 
only  because  he  positively  declined  that  he  was 
not  elected  St.ate  senator  for  both  Jefferson  and 
Madison  Counties.  His  heart  was  in  his  religious 
denomination,  and,  outside  of  his  domestic  circle 
and  private  business  affairs,  all  his  efforts  and 
energies  were  devoted  to  extending  its  borders, 
and  widening  its  influence  and  power.  In  every 
community  in  which   he  dwelt  he  was  a  leading 


and  an  influential  man,  and  enjoyed  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  all  who  knew  him.  For  years 
he  was  clerk  of  the  Sarepta  Association,  and  took 
hold  of  religious  and  educational  measures  with  a 
strong  hand,  and  he  was  able  to  accomplish  much 
that  was  useful. 

Jenkins,  Rev.  Nathaniel,  was  born  in  Wales 
in  1678 ;  was  converted,  and  began  to  preach  in 
his  native  country.  He  settled  at  Cape  May. 
N.  J.,  in  1712,  and  became  ihe  founder  and  first 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Ci^e  May  Court-House. 
lie  continued  to  preside  over  this  church  until 
1730,  when  he  took  chai'ge  of  Cohansey,  where  he 
died  in  1754.  His  talents  shone  both  in  the  church 
and  state.  He  exemplified  his  belief  in  liberty  of 
conscience  on  an  important  occasion.  When  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  in  1721,  a  bill  w.as  introduced  to  punish  all 
who  denied  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  Christ's  di- 
vinity, and  tlie  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures.  He 
could  not  be  persuaded  to  vote  for  it,  but,  rising  in 
his  place,  said,  among  other  things,  with  Welsh 
warmth  and  eloquence,  "  I  believe  the  doctrines  in 
question  as  firmly  as  the  promoters  of  that  ill-de- 
signed bill ;  but  will  never  consent  to  oppose  the 
opposers  with  law,  or  any  other  weapon  save  that 
of  argument."     The  bill  was  defeated. 

Jenkins,  Samuel,  was  bom  in  Wales,  Feb.  12, 
1789.  At  the  age  of  six  he  was  able  to  read  in 
Welsh,  and  ho  loved  to  read  the  Bible.  In  1801 
his  parents  came  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  1804  he 
joined  the  Welsh  Calvinistical  church  in  that  city, 
of  which  his  father  was  pastor.  Having  settled  in 
the  Great  Valley,  Chester  County,  he  was  baptized, 
and  united  with  the  church  in  that  place  in  1816, 
and  from  that  time  to  the  day  of  his  death  he  was 
a  thorough  Baptist. 

Mr.  Jenkins  possessed  a  wonderful  memory,  and 
his  knowledge  of  Welsh  history  was  remarkable. 
He  wrote  much  for  the  press.  In  1852  he  pub- 
lished a  work  entitled  "  Letters  on  Welsh  History," 
which  exhibited  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the 
records  of  that  ancient  people.  He  died  Sept.  12, 
1871. 

Mr.  Jenkins  w.as  a  good  man,  a  sincere  Chris- 
tian, and  a  friend  to  every  worthy  cause. 

Jenkins,  Rev.  S.  G.,  a  n.ative  of  Georgia,  was 
ordained  in  that  State  by  Elders  Sanders,  Lump- 
kin, Thornton,  and  Ilillyer.  In  1832  he  removed 
to  Mississippi,  where  be  successfully  served  churches 
for  some  years.  In  1840  he  came  to  Alabama  and 
settled  on  the  picturesque  spot  where  he  now  re- 
sides, in  Talladega  County.  Soon  he  planted  a 
number  of  churches.  Has  been  pastor  of  Antioch 
and  Cold  Water  churches,  respectively,  thirty-nine 
years,  and  has  baptized  1006  members  at  these  two 
churches,  many  of  them  from  other  denominations. 
He  has  been  abundant  in  labors  and  success.     He 


JENKS 


599 


JFSSEV 


has  baptized  13  households  and  22  men  who  en- 
tered the  ministry.  He  lias  always  been  a  farmer, 
and  before  the  late  war  was  in  good  worldly  cir- 
cumstances. Has  constantly  been  a  fearless  gospel 
preacher.  Has  reared  an  interesting  family ;  is 
about  seventy  years  old,  and  now  often  rides  forty 
miles  in  .a  day,  and  preaches  three  sermons. 

Jenks,  Prof.  John  W.  P.,  was  born  in  West 
Uoylston,  Mass.,  May  1,  1819.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1S3S.  On  leaving 
college  he  went  to  Georgia,  whore  he  taught  four 
years,  for  a  part  of  the  time  acting  as  colleague  of 
Kev.  -Jesse  Mercer,  D.D.,  in  the  last  year  of  his  life 
in  Washington,  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.  In  1S42  he  be- 
came the  principal  of  the  Peirce  Academy,  in  Mid- 
dleborough,  and  continued  in  that  relation  twenty- 
nine  years.  During  his  administration  the  academy 
rose  to  a  high  rank  among  the  best  institutions  of 
its  kind  in  New  England.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Agricultural  Zoology  and  curator  of 
the  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Brown  Uni- 
versity, which  position  he  now  holds.  By  his  un- 
tiring efforts  Prof.  Jenks  has  brought  his  special 
department  into  a  condition  far  in  advance  of  what 
it  was  when  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  pro- 
fessorship. Brown  University  has  a  museum  of 
natural  history  of  which  it  may  justly  be  proud. 

Jennings,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Danbury, 
Conn.,  Dec.  8,  1809 ;  was  hopefully  converted  at  the 
age  of  fourteen,  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  church  in  the  place  where  he  had  passed  his 
youthful  days.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  when  he 
was  but  seventeen  years  of  age,  June  17,  1826.  He 
entered  upon  a  course  of  preparatory  study,  and 
without  going  through  college,  he  graduated  at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of 
1834.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Beverly,  Mass.,  Sept.  15,  1834,  remaining  here  for 
two  years,  and  then  settling  at  Grafton,  where  he 
continued  for  sis  years,  at  the  end  of  which  period 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  newly  organ- 
ized Second  Baptist  church  in  Worcester,  Mass. 
He  commenced  his  labors  here  in  March,  1842,  and 
continued  in  this  pastorate  for  eight  years.  For 
some  time  he  was  in  tlie  service  of  the  American 
Tract  Society.  In  1852  he  became  the  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  where  he 
remained  until  1859,  when  he  was  invited  toAVoon- 
sooket,  R.  I.,  and  labored  there  three  and  a  half 
years.  His  last  settlement  was  in  Westfield, 
Mass.,  where  he  continued  seven  and  a  half  years, 
when  his  failing  health  obliged  him  to  resign,  and 
he  moved  to  Auburndale,  JIass.,  where  he  died, 
June  26,  1871.  An  appreciative  notice  of  this  wor- 
thy minister  of  Christ,  written  by  his  friend,  Rev. 
AV.  C.  Richards,  says  of  him,  "  Few  men  have  lived 
more  respected  and  beloved  as  a  Christian  man 
and  a  Christian  minister  by  all  who  knew  his  vir- 


tues and  piety.  He  leaves  a  clean  record ;  his  life 
was  a  success." 

Jerome,  Rev.  Edward  Miles,  son  of  Chauncey 
and  Salome  (Smith)  Jerome,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
Conn.,  June  15,  1826 ;  removed  to  New  Haven  in 
1843;  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  18.50;  con- 
verted when  a  Sophomore,  and  united  with  Third 
Congregational  church  in  New  Haven  ;  studied  in 
Yale  Law-School  and  in  Baltimore.  Md.  ;  received 
LL.B.  in  1852,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  man- 
ager of  his  fiUher's  business  in  New  York  ;  became 
a  Baptist;  baptized  by  Rev.  R.  Turnbull,  D.D.,  and 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford.  Conn., 
in  1856  ;  licensed  by  tliat  church  and  studied  the- 
ology ;  ordained,  in  1859,  as  an  evangelist  in  IIoI- 
yoke,  Mass. ;  supplied  First  Baptist  church  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. ;  in  1861  settled  as  pastor  in  North- 
ampton, Mass. ;  in  1862  settled  with  church  in 
West  Mcriden,  Conn.,  and  remained  four  years, 
till  disabled  by  throat  affection  ;  preached  in  New 
Haven  occasionally  ;  in  1869  settled  in  Westfield. 
Mass.,  but  healtli  again  failed  ;  in  1871  catal)lisbcd 
the  Nauyaiuck  Valley  Sentinel  in  Ansonia,  Conn.  : 
aided  in  gathering  there  a  Baptist  church,  of  which 
he  became  pastor;  served  as  Sunday-school  mis- 
sionary of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  in  1879 
returned  as  associate  editor  of  the  Sentinel  in  An- 
sonia; in  April  of  present  year  (1880)  became  pro- 
prietor and  editor  of  The  Shore  Line  Times,  in  New 
Haven  ;   good  preacher  and  ready  writer. 

Jesse,  Rev.  John  Samuel,  one  of  the  most  in- 
fluential young  pastors  in  the  Sacramento  River 
Association,  is  located  at  Biggs  Station,  Cal.  He 
was  born  in  Missouri,  Nov.  4,  1852.  His  father, 
W.  M.  Jesse,  of  Virginia,  and  five  relatives  were 
ministers.  He  was  immersed  in  1870;  received  a 
good  education  at  Mount  Pleasant  College  and  the 
schools  in  Missouri  ;  entered  the  ministry  by  license 
in  1873  ;  was  onUiined  in  October,  1874.  His  preach- 
ing for  three  years  in  Missouri  was  greatly  l)lessed. 
In  1877  he  went  to  California,  preached  for  a  time 
for  the  Sutter  and  Calaveras  churches,  and  in  1878 
became  pastor  at  Biggs  Station,  and  he  is  also 
giving  pastoral  aid  to  the  Virginia  and  Wheatland 
'churches.  He  is  a  fine  writer  and  liberal  contrib- 
utor to  the  religious  press. 

Jessey,  Rev.  Henry,  A.M.,  was  born  at  West 
Ronton,  Yorkshire,  Engl.and,  Sept.  3,  1601.  When 
he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  he  entered  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  in  which  ho  continued  six 
years.  In  his  twenty-first  year,  while  still  at  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  the  Spirit  of  God  gave 
him  anew  heart,  and  a  blessed  hope  through  the 
Saviour's  blood. 

After  leaving  Camliridge  he  became  a  chaplain 
in  the  family  of  Mr.  Brampton  Gordon,  of  Assing- 
ton.  Suffolk,  for  nine  years,  during  which  he  ad- 
vanced rapidly  in  sucli  knowledge  as  would  qualify 


JESSEV 


600 


JETER 


him  for  his  holy  calling.  In  1027  lie  received  epis- 
copal ordination,  and  in  1633  he  was  appointed 
rector  of  Aujjhton,  Yorkshire.  In  1637  he  became 
pastor  of  a  Congregational  clmrch  in   London,  in 


REV.  IIENRV    JESSEV,  A.M. 

which  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  But  his 
church  was  repeatedly  invaded  and  robbed  by  Bap- 
tist principles.  In  1638  ''six  persons  of  note" 
were  carried  off;  in  1641  a  greater  number  still; 
and  in  1643  the  departing  members  were  more  nu- 
merous than  ever.  Many  of  those  who  joined  the 
Baptists  wei-e  persons  of  superior  intelligence  and 
piety.  Mr.  Jessey  was  forced  to  examine  the 
Scriptures  about  the  mode  of  liaptism,  and  the  re- 
sult of  his  investigations  was  that  immersion  was 
the  inspired  mode  of  baptism,  and  that  sprinkling 
was  a  modern  innovation.  From  that  time  forward 
for  two  or  three  years  he  always  dipped  children 
when  he  administered  baptism.  In  1645,  after  an 
anxious  examination  of  the  subjects  of  baptism,- 
and  after  earnest  appeals  to  heaven  for  divine  light, 
he  became  decided  in  the  conviction  that  only  be- 
lievers should  be  baptized,  and  in  the  June  of  that 
year  he  was  immersed  by  Hanserd  Knollys.  He 
was  pastor  for  many  years  of  the  church  meeting 
in  Swan  Alley,  Colem.an  Street,  London.  lie  was 
one  of  the  Triers  appointed  by  Cromwell  to  examine 
candidates  for  the  ministry  in  the  national  church, 
and  to  investigate  the  character  and  claims  of 
"  ignorant  and  scandalous  ministers"  with  a  view 
to  their  expulsion  from  the  pulpits  of  the  state 
church.  He  was  rector  of  St.  George's  church, 
Southwark,  London,  and  pastor  of  a  Baptist  church 


in  the  same  city.  In  the  morning  of  the  Lord's  day 
he  preached  at  St.  George's  church,  and  in  the  after- 
noon he  was  among  his  own  people.  He  was  a 
man  of  great  learning  ;  he  had  an  extensive  knowl- 
edge of  Greek,  Hebrew,  Syriac,  and  Chaldee.  It 
was  the  ambition  and  labor  of  his  life  to  produce  a 
new  translation  of  the  Scriptures,  which  was  about 
completed  when  the  restoration  of  Charles  II. 
poured  a  deluge  of  evils  over  the  Non-Conformists 
of  that  country,  and  made  worthless  the  labors  of 
Mr.  Jessey  in  revising  the  Scriptures.  He  was  a 
man  of  boundless  charity ;  he  even  employed  ef- 
forts to  send  money  to  the  poor  Jews  of  Jerusalem 
to  preserve  them  from  threatened  slavery. 

His  labors  were  unremitting,  and  they  were  at- 
tended with  great  success.  He  was  the  author  of 
eight  published  works,  and  with  some  help  from 
Mr.  Row,  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  Aberdeen,  he  was 
the  author  of  a  revised  and  unpublished  version  of 
the  Scriptures.  His  literary  labors  were  highly 
appreciated  and  widely  known.  His  character  was 
marked  by  unseltishness  and  an  intense  love  for 
the  truth  and  its  Divine  Author. 

By  the  cruel  Act  of  Uniformity  he  was  ejected 
from  St.  George's  church,  Southwark,  and  soon 
after,  through  his  zeal  for  the  Saviour,  he  was  cast 
into  prison,  where  he  died  Sept.  4,  1663,  full  of 
peace,  humility,  and  hope. 

At  his  funeral,  three  days  after  his  death,  sev- 
eral thousand  pious  persons  of  various  denomina- 
tions attended,  whose  manifest  grief  showed  the 
great  esteem  in  which  Mr.  Jessey  was  held. 

Jeter,  Jeremiah  Bell,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Bed- 
ford Co.,  Va.,  July  18,  1802.  He  was  baptized  on 
the  first  Sunday  in  December,  1821,  by  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Harris,  in  the  North  Fork  of  the  Otter  River. 
His  first  public  address  was  made  on  the  banks  of 
this  stream,  in  coming  out  of  it,  on  the  occasion  of 
his  baptism.  On  the  evening  of  the  loth  of  Jan- 
uary of  the  same  year  he  preached  his  first  sermon 
to  a  small  congregation  of  mountaineers  in  the 
gorge  between  the  Flat  Top  and  Luck  Mountains, 
in  Bedford  County.  He  was  present  at  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Vir- 
ginia in  1823,  was  the  first  missionary  appointed 
by  that  body,  and  the  last  survivor  of  the  men  who 
formed  it.  On  the  4tli  of  May,  1824,  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  ministry  at  High  Hills 
church,  Sussex  Co.,  by  the  Revs.  N.  Chambliss  and 
J.  D.  Williams,  for  the  former  of  whom  ho  acted  as 
assistant.  Leaving  Sussex  in  the  spring  of  1826, 
his  first  pastorate  was  with  Hills  Creek  and  Union 
Hill  churches,  Campbell  Co.  In  the  autumn  of 
1827  he  removed  to  the  Northern  Neck  of  A'irginia, 
where  he  was  installed  pastor  of  Moratico  church 
in  Lancaster  Co.,  and  subsequently  of  Wicomico 
church  in  Northumberland  Co.  His  ministry  was 
eminently  successful  in  this  field  of  labor,  he  having 


JETER 


601 


JEWELL 


baptized  over  one  thousand  persons  in  about  nine 
years. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1835  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  and  was 


JEREMIAH    BELL    JETER,   D.D. 

for  nearly  fourteen  years  its  faithful  and  successful 
leader,  baptizing  into  its  fellowship  nearly  1000 
converts,  among  whom  were  the  Rev.  Dr.  Garlick, 
of  Richmond,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henson,  of  Phila- 
delphia. During  his  pastorate  the  First  church 
built  the  house  of  worship  which  it  now  occupies, 
and  organized  its  colored  membership  of  2000  into 
the  First  African  church  of  Richmond,  since  so 
well  kniiwn  for  its  large  congregations,  its  efficient 
church  regulations,  and  its  excellent  singing.  The 
latter  church  was  put  into  possession  of  the  old 
house  of  worship  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Col- 
lege streets. 

In  October  of  1849,  Dr.  Jeter  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  St.  Louis. 
He  remained  here  three  years,  baptized  150  per- 
sons, and  was  instrumental  in  organizing  two  otlier 
churches  in  that  city.  In  September  of  1.S52  he  re- 
turned to  Richmond,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Grace 
Street  Baptistchurch,  whose  membership  was  nearly 
doubled  during  his  ministry,  having  increased  from 
322  to  600.  About  the  close  of  the  war  ho  became 
the  senior  editor  of  the  Religious  Herald,  and  con- 
tinued until  his  death,  Feb.  18,  1880,  to  furnish  for 
its  columns  the  mature  gleanings  of  his  long,  rich, 
and  varied  experience. 

As  preacher  and  pastor.  Dr.  Jeter  was  remark- 
ably successful.  His  form  was  commanding,  his 
39 


face  intellectual,  and  his  eye  expressive,  all  which 
Rfxured  for  him  marked  advantages  as  a  speaker. 
The  interest  of  his  preaching  consisted  in  the 
earnest  simplicity  with  which  he  presented  and  en- 
forced the  great  truths  of  the  gospel.  lie  con- 
stantly aimed  to  establish  from  the  Word  of  God 
some  great  doctrine,  or  to  enforce  some  practical 
duty  in  gospel  ethics.  As  a  pastor,  he  was  kind, 
genial,  and  gentle,  welcomed  alike  by  old  and 
young,  rich  and  poor,  learned  and  ignorant.  In 
the  large  deliberative  assemblies  of  the  denomina- 
tion, Dr.  Jeter  always  occupied  a  prominent  place. 
As  a  debater,  he  was  ready,  self-possessed,  court- 
eous, wisely  conservative,  added  to  which  qualities 
were  a  force  and  ability  that  won  universal  atten- 
tion. 

Dr.  Jeter  was  quite  successful  as  an  author.  In 
1837  he  published  the  "  Life  of  the  Rev.  A.  W. 
Clopton"  ;  in  1845,  "  A  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Schuck, 
Missionary  to  China";  in  18.50,  the  "Life  of  the 
Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus"  ;  in  18.54,  "  Campbellism 
Examined,"  which  work  won  for  him  a  wide  repu- 
tation as  a  skillful  polemic,  and  subsequently 
"Campbellism  Re-examined";  in  1858,  "The 
Christian  Mirror"  ;  in  1871,  "  The  Seal  of  Heaven" 
and  "  The  Life  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Witt,"  besides 
numerous  tracts,  sermons,  addresses,  and  other 
works  of  minor  importance.  His  writings  were  all 
characterized  by  that  clearness  and  vigor,  as  well 
as  that  chivalrous  courtesy,  which  won  the  regard 
of  the  most  persistent  opponents,  and  gained  for 
him  as  a  writer  so  wide  a  reputation. 

Dr.  Jeter  was  equally  successful  as  an  editor. 
For  fourteen  years  the  Religious  Herald  has  been 
the  medium  of  conveying  his  sage  counsels,  evan- 
gelical opinions,  and  earnest  Christian  appeals  in 
behalf  of  everything  noble,  just,  and  good  into 
thousands  of  Christian  families.  He  displayed  an 
excellent  judgment  and  discrimination  in  selecting 
topics  at  once  of  genuine  importance  and  yet  of 
general  interest. 

Dr.  Jeter  also  preserved  an  abiding  and  growing 
interest  in  all  the  great  denominational  movements 
of  the  day.  Missions,  education,  a  more  thoroughly 
equipped  ministry,  higher  schools  for  young  women, 
reformatory  movements,  with  kindred  plans  for  the 
well-being  of  men  and  women,  and  the  conversion 
of  the  world,  always  received  his  most  cordial  sup- 
port. A  long  life  was  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
Christ  and  the  good  of  the  world,  and  it  was  as 
spotless  to  its  protracted  close  as  the  perfect  azure 
of  a  sunset  flecked  by  no  single  cloud.  "  No  one 
who  knew  Dr.  Jeter  would  hesitate  to  put  him 
among  the  aristocracy  of  the  world.  As  a  preacher, 
a  pastor,  an  editor,  a  citizen,  a  Christian,  he  lived 
up  to  the  measure  of  developed  faculties,  and  was 
an  Israelite  in  whom  there  was  no  guile." 

Jewell,  WiUiam,  M.D.,  was  born  near  Alex- 


JEWETT 


602 


JEWETT 


nndrin,  Vii.,  Jan.  1,  1779;  removed  with  his  father 
to  Kentucky  in  1800;  gruduateil  from  Transyl- 
vania University  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  In  1820 
he  came  to  MissourP,  and  settled  permanently  in 
Columbia.  He  united  with  the  Bonne  Femme 
Baptist  church.  He  had  a  capacious  and  acquisi- 
tive mind,  and  a  fixed  purpose  to  excel  in  his  pro- 
fession. His  library  was  large  and  choice,  and 
his  pi-actice  was  extensive.  He  was  familiar  with 
learned  medical  authors  of  all  lands.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  his  patients,  and  when  his  medical 
skill  failed,  he  pointed  them  to  the  heavenly  phy- 
sician. He  attained  great  eminence  as  a  medical 
practitioner,  citizen,  and  Christian.  His  gifts  of 
more  than  §17,000  to  the  Baptist  college  at  Lib- 
erty gave  it  the  name  of  William  Jewell.  He 
superintended  the  erection  of  the  college  buildings, 
and  at  his  death  bequeathed  his  library  and  S3000 
to  the  institution.  He  gave  nearly  half  his  prop- 
erty to  benevolent  objects.  He  died  in  Liberty, 
Clay  Co.,  Aug.  7,  1852.  He  gave  81800  to  the 
State  University,  at  Columbia.  He  often  repre- 
sented Boone  County  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  a  zealous  student  of  the  Bible.  His  religion 
was  manifest  at  home,  and  in  his  professional  ex- 
perience, as  well  as  in  public  worship.  His  death 
was  deeply  mourned,  and  deserved  eulogies  were 
pronounced  over  his  Christian  life. 

Jewett,  Lyman,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Waterford, 
Me.,  March  9,  1813.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  and  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion. He  served  for  some  time  as  a  supply  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Webster,  Mass.  His  appoint- 
ment as  a  missionary  to  the  foreign  field  was  made 
in  1847,  and  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry  in  Boston,  Oct.  6,  1848.  Sailing  a  few  days 
after  for  the  East,  he  reached  Nellore,  April  16, 
1849.  For  somewhat  more  than  three  years  the 
mission  had  been  without  American  helpers.  Mr. 
Jewett  found,  at  first,  many  things  that  were  dis- 
couraging, but  he  addressed  himself  to  his  work 
with  zeal,  preaching  his  first  regular  Teloogoo  ser- 
mon in  the  chapel  Dec.  3,  1849.  As  he  became 
more  familiar  with  the  language  his  ability  to  be 
useful  increased,  and  his  contact  with  the  heathen 
was  closer.  Weeks  and  months  passed  in  the 
usual  routine  of  missionary  labor.  We  learn  from 
the  report  of  18.52  that  there  was  preaching  in  the 
chapel  twice  every  Sabbath,  the  attendance  varying 
from  40  to  150  persons.  Considerable  audiences 
were  collected  to  listen  to  street  preaching.  Visitors 
calling  at  the  mission  house  for  instruction  often 
received  spiritual  benefit.  Excursions  were  made 
by  Mr.  .Jewett  to  the  neighboring  villages  and 
hamlets,  and  sometimes  great  crowds  thronged  to 
hear  the  AVord,  and  receive  Bibles  and  religious 
tracts.  But  while  Mr.  .Jewett  and  his  co-laborers 
were  encouraged  by  these  signs  of  outward  success, 


and  felt  that  could  the  mission  be  well  reinforced 
and  evangelical  agencies  plied  with  zeal,  the  best 
results  would  be  secured,  it  was  evident  that  many 
of  the  friends  of  missions  at  home  were  begin- 
ning to  think  that  the  Teloogoo  Mission  was  not 
a  successful  one.  The  whole  matter  was  submitted 
to  the  Missionary  Union  in  1853,  and  it  was  decided 
to  continue  to  curry  on  the  mission.  The  departure 
of  Mr.  Day  from  Nellore  early  in  1853  left  Mr. 
Jewett  the  only  American  male  missionary  on  the 
field.  With  what  courage  and  hope  he  prosecuted 
his  work  appears  from  his  own  words,  written  Nov. 
5,  1854:  "  The  last  month  has  been  one  of  constant 
labor  in  preaching  the  gospel.  I  am  earnestly 
looking  for  fruit.  I  feel  in  my  soul  that  our 
labors  will  not  be  in  vain."  Again  he  writes  with 
almost  prophetic  vision  of  the  glorious  ingathering 
of  the  harvests  of  souls  which  has  been  lately  wit- 
nessed :  "  For  the  last  few  months  I  have  felt  more 
than  ever  not  only  the  importance  of  the  mission,  but 
the  certainty  of  accomplishing,  in  the  Lord's  good 
time,  a  great  and  glorious  work  for  this  people." 
Before  this  vision  became  a  re,ality  the  faith  of 
Mr.  Jewett  was  often  and  most  severely  tried.  Rev. 
F.  A.  Douglass  joined  Mr.  Jewett,  April  14,  1855, 
and  the  mission,  thus  reinforced,  continued  to  en- 
joy a  good  degree  of  prosperity.  In  1859  an  in- 
creased interest  in  religion  was  reported.  Mr. 
Jewett  visited  Ongole  to  see  for  himself  what  pros- 
pect of  success  there  was  in  that  place.  In  March, 
1861,  such  was  the  state  of  his  health  that  it  was 
thought  best  that  he  should  return  to  the  United 
States  and  obtain  needed  rest  and  recuperation. 
He  remained  here  until  November,  1864,  when  he 
sailed  the  second  time,  and  arrived  at  Nellore,  April 
22,  1865.  He  at  once  resumed  his  labors.  Mr. 
Timpany  became  associated  with  him  in  missionary 
work  in  April,  1868.  A  part  of  the  time  of  Dr. 
Jewett  was  occupied  in  the  work  of  translating 
the  Bible  into  the  Teloogoo  language.  In  1875  he 
was  again  in  his  native  country  for  the  restoration 
of  his  wasted  strength.  He  has  returned  to  the 
scene  of  his  labors,  where  he  is  now  actively  en- 
gaged in  the  service  of  him  whose  cause  lies  so 
near  his  heart. 

Jewett,  Prof.  Milo  P.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Johnsbury,  Yt.,  April  27,  1808.  His  father,  Cal- 
vin Jewett,  was  an  eminent  physician  of  Johns- 
bury,  and  his  mother  was  a  highly  cultivated  lady. 
Milo  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Bradford 
Academy,  Vt.,  and  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
College  in  the  class  of  1828.  l^pon  his  graduation 
he  became  principal  of  Holmes  Academy  at  Plym- 
outh, N.  H.  Having  the  law  in  view  as  a  pro- 
fession, he  spent  a  part  of  that  year  and  of  the  fol- 
lowing year  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Josiah  Quincy,  of 
Ruraney,  N.  H.  Abandoning  the  law  in  1830,  he 
entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Andover,  com- 


JEWETT 


603 


JOHNSON 


pleting  the  course  of  study.  Mr.  Jewett,  upon  the 
invitation  of  Josiah  Ilolbrook,  of  Boston,  founder 
of  the  American  lyceum  system,  spent  his  vaca- 
tions durini;  his  theological  course  in  lecturing  in 
New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut 
on  "Coininon  Schools."  lie  had  had  much  suc- 
cess in  teachinir,  and  his  soul  was  full  of  his  sub- 
ject,— a  higher  grade  of  common-school  education 
for  the  masses.  His  addresses  on  this  subject 
are  believed  to  have  been  the  first  of  a  popular 
character  delivered  in  the  country.  They  created 
extensive  interest  in  the  subject  among  our  best 
educators.  Through  J.  Orville  Taylor,  a  fellow- 
student  of  Jlr.  Jewett,  who  became  interested  in 
the  matter,  a  movement  was  started  in  New  York 
City,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the 
present  common-school  system  of  the  Empire  State. 

Having  decided  that  teaching  and  not  preaching 
was  the  work  for  which  God  had  fitted  him,  and  in 
which  he  had  already  given  him  marked  success, 
Mr.  Jewett  devoted  himself  to  that  profession,  and 
in  1834  accepted  a  professorship  in  Marietta  Col- 
lege, Marietta,  0.,  just  then  founded.  Before  en- 
tering upon  the  active  duties  of  his  chair  he  spent 
some  time  among  the  Congregational  churches  of 
New  England  in  soliciting  funds  fur  the  college. 
He  based  his  plea  on  '"  the  perils  which  threaten 
our  civil  and  religious  liberties  from  the  progress 
of  Roman  Catholicism  in  the  Mississippi  Valley." 
His  addresses  awakened  a  deep  interest,  and  made 
the  raising  of  funds  an  easy  task.  In  1830,  Mr. 
Jewett  was  associated  with  Prof.  Calvin  E.  Stowe 
and  William  E.  Lewis  by  the  State  Educational 
Convention  of  Ohio  to  urge  upon  the  Legislature 
the  establishment  of  a  new  common-school  system. 
He  not  only  accomplished  his  object,  but  much 
more.  Prof.  Calvin  Stowe  went  to  Europe,  under 
the  direction  of  the  State,  to  investigate  the  best 
school  systems  there,  and  Wm.  E.  Lewis  became  the 
first  State  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Ohio. 
But  this  was  not  all.  His  report  on  the  subject 
■created  the  deepest  interest  over  the  country,  and 
resulted  in  the  special  educational  mission  and 
work  of  Horace  Mann  in  New  England. 

In  January,  1839,  having  changed  his  views  on 
baptism,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church,  Prof. 
Jewett  resigned  his  professorship  in  Marietta  Col- 
lege, and,  going  South,  he  established  the  Judson 
Female  Institute  in  Marion,  Ala.  It  soon  became 
the  most  flourishing  educational  institution  for 
ladies  in  the  South.  In  connection  with  this  school 
he  established  the  Alabama  Baptist,  which  became 
the  Baptist  organ  of  the  State.  In  the  autumn  of 
1855  he  returned  North,  and  purchased  the  Cottage 
Hill  Seminary  at  Poughkeepsie,  X.  Y.  Here  he 
first  met  with  Mr.  Matthew  Vassar.  Their  acc[uaint- 
ance  ripened  into  friendship.  Prof.  Jewett  found 
that  Mr.  Vassar  proposed  to  leave  his  large  fortune 


for  benevolent  purposes.  He  suggested  to  him  the 
founding  of  a  thoroughly  furnished  and  endowed 
college  for  young  women  during  his  own  life.  It 
met  with  Mr.  Vassar's  approval.  He  changed  his 
will,  in  which  he  had  left  his  property  for  another 
object,  and  turned  his  attetition  to  this  new  pur- 
pose. Thus  originated  Vassar  College.  It  was 
incorporated  in  18G1.  Prof.  Jewett  was  the  ad- 
viser of  Mr.  Vassar  in  everything  relating  to  the 
establishment  of  the  college,  and  was  its  first  pres- 
ident. In  1802,  at  the  request  of  the  trustees,  he 
visited  Europe  to  inspect  the  universities,  libraries, 
art-galleries,  etc.,  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  Con- 
tinent to  obtain  information  about  the  best  educa- 
tional systems  in  the  old  world,  that  Vassar  might 
have  the  benefit  of  his  observations  and  experience. 

In  1864,  having  almost  entirely  lost  the  sight  of 
his  eyes,  he  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  college, 
to  the  great  regret  of  Mr.  Vassar  and  the  board, 
and  in  1867  he  removed  to  his  present  home  in 
Milwaukee.  Prof.  Jewett  devotes  himself  to  the 
interests  of  education,  philanthropy,  and  religion. 
He  is  held  in  high  esteem  in  the  First  Baptist 
church,  of  which  he  is  a  member,  lie  is  the  pres- 
ident of  Milwaukee  Female  College,  though  not 
required  to  teach,  chairman  of  the  board  of  visitors 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  president  of  Mil- 
waukee board  of  health,  president  of  the  Wisconsin 
State  Temperance  Society,  president  of  the  Mil- 
waukee County  Bible  Society,  and  chairman  of  the 
State  Baptist  Educational  Commission. 

Prof.  Jewett  is  a  man  of  e.xtensive  literary  at- 
tainments, and  in  addition  to  occasional  articles  in 
newspapers  and  magazines,  has  written  several 
publications  of  marked  character.  In  1840  he  pub- 
lished "Jewett  on  Baptism"  ;  in  1863,  "  Report  of 
the  President's  Visit  to  Europe"  and  "  Report  on 
the  Organization  of  A'^assar  College"  ;  in  1874, 
"  Relation  of  Boards  of  Health  to  Intemperance"  ; 
in  1875,  •'  A  Plea  for  Academies"  ;  and  the  same 
year,  "  The  Model  Academy." 

Prof.  Jewett,  although  never  engaged  in  the  active 
work  of  the  ministry,  received  ordination  at  the 
hands  of  a  council  called  by  the  Siloam  Baptist 
church  of  Marion,  Ala.,  in  1839.  He  received  the 
degreeof  LL.D.  from  Rochester  University  in  1861. 

He  takes  a  very  deep  interest  in  everything  per- 
taining to  the  growth  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
especially  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin.  His  efibrts 
for  the  more  thorough  establishment  of  Wayland 
Academy  have  been  of  the  highest  value.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  its  board,  and  contributes 
most  generously  both  time  and  means  to  its  in- 
creased usefulness. 

Jolmsoii,  Rev.  Caesar. — ^  useful  man  among 
the  colored  Baptists  of  North  Carolina  is  Ctesar 
Johnson,  who  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  N.  C,  in 
1833,  and  until  the  war  was  a  slave  of  Mr.  John 


JOHNSON 


604 


JOHNSON 


V.  Ciinthorn.  Ho  was  baptized  by  Rev.  N.  A. 
Purefoy  in  lUiVl;  attended  Shaw  University  in 
Raleiffli  for  nine  years;  served  as  missionary  of 
tlie  Home  Mission  Board,  New  York,  for  eiglit 
years,  and  is  now  employed  as  colporteur  by  the 
American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Mr.  Johnson 
has  been  moderator  of  the  Convention  of  colored 
Baptists  for  four  years,  and  is  much  interested  in 
collecting  historical  and  statistical  data  concerning 
his  people. 

Johnson,  Col.  Daniel  D.,  a  younger  brother  of 
OI<cy,  was  born  i]i  Tyler  Co.,  Va.,  April  28,  183G. 
He  was  partly  educated  at  Marietta  College,  and 
graduated  a  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  from  Colum- 
bian College,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1800.  He  en- 
joyed the  warm  friendship,  which  yet  continues,  of 
Dr.  Samson,  then  president  of  the  college.  In  1861, 
when  the  civil  war  broke  out,  as  a  firm  friend  of 
the  Union  he  helped  to  raise  the  14th  Va.  Regiment, 
of  which  he  was  elected  major.  He  was  soon  pro- 
moted to  the  colonelcy,  which  post  ho  filled  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  participated  in  a  number 
of  hard-fought  battles,  among  them  Cloyd  Moun- 
tain, Carter's  Farm,  Opequan,  and  Winchester. 
At  the  battle  of  Opequan  he  was  severely  wounded, 
and  was  granted  leave  of  absence.  At  the  battle  of 
AVinchester,  on  the  24th  July,  1864,  he  commanded 
a  brigade.  When  the  Union  forces  were  defeated 
and  compelled  to  fall  back,  he  covered  the  retreat 
in  a  masterly  manner,  for  which  the  credit  was  un- 
justly given  to  another.  Although  a  colonel,  he 
commanded  a  brigade  frequently.  In  1865,  after 
the  close  of  the  war,  he  received  an  honorable 
discharge,  and  at  once  set  about  the  work  of  recon- 
ciliation with  those  against  whom  he  had  fought. 
He  was  an  enemy  in  war,  but  in  peace  a  friend. 
He  received  them  cordially  when  they  returned, 
and  treated  them  as  his  equals  in  the  government, 
being  actuated  by  the  same  Christian  spirit  which 
had  ruled  his  boyhood  and  manhood.  lie  went 
to  the  Legislature  in  1865,  and  served  for  several 
terms  in  the  lower  house.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1872, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  as  much  perhaps 
as  any  member  of  that  body,  being  an  earnest, 
eloquent,  and  lucid  speaker,  and  being  by  far  the 
best  parliamentarian  in  the  State.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  senate,  which  posi- 
tion he  yet  hohls,  and  for  the  whole  time,  except 
for  two  years,  he  has  been  president  of  the  senate. 
He  is  one  of  the  most  active  men  in  the  State  in  the 
cause  of  education,  and  is  now  president  of  the 
board  of  regents  of  the  West  Virginia  University. 
He  is  a  thorough  Baptist,  and  has  been  one  for 
over  twenty  years.  He  has  a  number  of  times 
been  moderator  of  his  Association,  and  also  presi- 
dent of  the  West  Virginia  Baptist  Convention,  and 
he  is  superintendent  now  of  a  Sabbath-school.     In 


all  these  various  relations  he  has  shown  himself  a 
Christian  gentleman. 

Johnson,  George  J.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ver- 
non, N.  Y.,  Oct.  '.),  1824;  was  baptized  before  he 
was  fifteen ;  studied  at  Madison  UiMversity  and 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  graduating  from 
the  latter  institution  in  1848  ;  was  snon  after  or- 
dained at  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.,  and  settled  as  mis- 
sionary pastor  in  Burlington,  Iowa.  Here  he  or- 
ganized a  church  of  12  members,  which  numbered 
318  at  the  close  of  his  pastorate  in  18.58.  Among 
the  converts  was  Rev.  John  E.  Clougli,  present  mis- 
sionary to  the  Teloogoos  at  Ongole,  Burinah.  Ho 
also  performed  arduous  and  cfKcient  labors  in  con- 
nection with  the  Burlington  Collegiate  Institute. 
He  subsequently  organized  a  church  at  Fort  Madi- 
son, Iowa,  and  remained  pastor  five  years.  Re- 
turned to  Burlington  as  district  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  for  the  North- 
west, and  afterwards  became  district  secretary  for 
the  Southwest,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
In  1876-77  he  engaged  in  celebrating  the  semi- 
centennial of  Shurtleff  College  at  Upper  Alton, 
111.,  by  raising  an  additional  endowment  fund  of 
$100,000.  In  this  enterprise  his  incessant  and  self- 
sacrificing  labors  were  crowned  with  magnificent 
success.  In  1878  he  was  appointed  missionary 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety, with  headquarters  at  Philadelphia.  This 
position  he  still  holds,  and  the  society  is  prospered 
by  the  large  results  of  his  faithful  and  unceasing 
toil.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison 
University  in  1871. 

Dr.  Johnson  has  given  the  best  years  of  his  life 
to  pioneer  missionary  work,  and  few  men  have  ac- 
complished such  wide-reaching  and  abiding  results. 
With  varied  and  consecrated  talents,  and  robust 
physical  powers,  and  with  an  energy  born  of  in- 
tense love  for  the  truth,  and  an  invincible  deter- 
mination to  succeed,  he  has  broken  the  soil  and 
planted  the  seeds  of  the  kingdom  far  and  wide. 
The  blessed  and  increasing  fruitage  of  his  past  toil 
is  a  perpetual  inspiration  to  his  present  unwearied 
and  useful  endeavors. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Hezekiah,  son  of  Rev.  Eleazar 
John.son  and  Martha  Rounds,  was  born  March  0, 
1799,  in  Maryland ;  converted  and  ordained  in 
Highland  Co.,  0.,  in  1824.  He  was  pastor  at 
Frankfort  and  Greenfield,  0.,  and  labored  in  Iowa 
under  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  from  1835> 
to  1844,  and  organized  some  of  the  first  churches 
and  Associations  in  that  State.  In  1845  he  went, 
with  Rev.  E.  Fisher,  as  missionary  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  to  Oregon,  and  settled  at  Oregon 
City,  where  he  formed  a  church.  This  was  his 
home  until  bis  death,  in  August,  1866.  He  traveled, 
preached,  helped  to  organize  churches  and  Associ- 
ations,  and   lay  the   foundations  of  religious   and 


JOHNSON 


605 


JOHNSON 


educational  institutions  in  the  new  State.  He 
wrote  and  published  many  sermons  and  pamphlets 
in  furtherance  of  the  cause  of  religion  and  reform, 
completing  the  last  on  his  death-bed.  He  was  one 
of  the  strong  Baptist  leaiiers  in  the  early  days  of 
Oregon.  His  faithful  wife  accompanied  ami  up- 
held him  in  all  his  labors.  They  are  buried  near 
Oregon  City.  Over  their  graves  a  memorial  stone 
bears  this  inscription, — "  Pioneer  Baptist  Mission- 
aries.'' 

Johnson,  Hon.  James,  a  son  of  Col.  Robert 
Johnson,  and  a  brother  of  Col.  R.  M.  Johnson,  was 
born  in  Orange  Co.,  Va.,  from  which  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Kentucky.  He  united  with 
Great  Crossing  Baptist  church  about  1801,  of  which 
he  remained  a  faithful  member  until  his  death.  He 
was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  war  of  1X12-15,  and 
distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  the  Thames. 
In  1808  he  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  from 
Scott  County.  He  was  Presidential  elector  in  1821, 
and  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  U.  S.  Congress  in 
1825.  He  died  at  Washington  while  a  member  of 
Congress,  in  December,  1826. 

Johnson,  John  L.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Eng- 
lish Literature  in  the  University  of  Mississippi, 
was  born  in  Virginia  in  1835.  After  receiving  a 
liberal  education  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  he 
was  ordained  in  1800.  During  the  war  he  served 
as  chaplain  of  the  17th  Va.  Infantry,  and  subse- 
quently as  pastor  of  the  colored  Baptist  church  at 
Lynchburg.  After  the  war  he  was  two  years  pas- 
tor at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  and  about  as  long  at  Free 
Mason  Street,  Norfolk.  He  then  retired  to  the 
country,  engaging  in  literary  pursuits,  supplying 
some  churches,  and  teaching  in  the  Albemarle  Fe- 
male Institute.  For  some  months  he  supplied  Dr. 
Fuller's  church  in  Baltimore.  He  also  taught  for 
a  time  in  Roanoke  Female  College.  He  accepted 
his  present  position  in  1873.  While  discharging 
the  duties  of  his  professorship  he  has  also  engaged 
in  preaching  at  Oxford,  Miss.,  and  in  the  surround- 
ing country.  Dr.  Johnson  is  the  author  of  "  The 
University  Memorial"  and  a  number  of  published 
sermons. 

Johnson,  Gov.  Joseph,  was  born  Dec.  19, 1785, 
in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  fother  having  died  when 
he  was  but  five  years  old,  his  widowed  mother  soon 
after  removed  to  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  and  from  it,  in 
1801,  to  Harrison  Co.,  Va.  Here,  at  the  ago  of  fif- 
teen, he  was  employed  on  the  largo  farm  of  a  Mr. 
Smith,  whose  chief  manager  he  soon  became,  and 
at  the  ago  of  twonty-one  he  married  one  of  that 
gentleman's  daughters.  Four  years  after  his  mar- 
riage he  purchased  the  estate  on  which  he  had 
been  living,  and  continued  to  occupy  the  same  until 
his  death,  a  period  of  more  than  seventy  years. 
Karly  in  life  Mr.  Johnson  became  one  of  the  most 
popular  and  influential  men  in  the  county.    During 


the  war  of  1812  with  Great  Britain  he  organized  a 
rifle  company,  was  made  its  captain,  marched  to 
Norfolk,  and  continued  in  service  until  peace  was 
secured,  in  1815.    His  talents,  decision  of  character, 


GOV.  JOSEPH    JOHNSON. 

and  strict  integrity  forced  him  at  this  time  into 
political  life,  and  on  his  return  from  military  ser- 
vice he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla- 
ture, defeating  his  opponent,  the  distinguished  Mr. 
Prunty,  who  had  been  in  the  Legislature  during 
twenty-five  consecutive  years.  Having  served  for 
four  years  in  this  body  with  great  usefulness,  he 
declined  a  re-election,  and  returned  to  the  farm-life 
which  he  loved  so  well.  In  1823  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  after  one  of  the  most  exciting  and  thor- 
oughly contested  canvassings  that  Harrison  County 
had  ever  witnessed,  defeating  his  able  and  distin- 
guished opponent,  Mr.  P.  Doddridge.  He  was  re- 
elected to  Congress  in  1825,  returned  to  his  home 
in  1827,  and  in  1832  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Doddridge.  He  was 
also  elected  to  Congress  in  1835,  serving  six  years, 
and  in  1845,  serving  two  years.  He  had  thus  been 
elected  to  Congress  seven  times,  and  during  his 
whole  career  in  that  body  maintained  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  most  punctual  and  laborious 
members  of  the  body.  In  consequence  of  the 
urgent  solicitations  of  his  friends  he  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  during  the  session  of  1847 ;  was 
a  member,  in  1850,  of  the  State  convention  which 
remodeled  the  constitution,  and  while  a  member 
of  that  body  was  elected  governor  of  the  State 
under  the  conditions  of  the  old  constitution,  enter- 


joHxsoy 


606 


JOHXSON' 


ing  on  liis  official  duties  in  December,  1S51.  In  the 
fall  of  1851  he  was  elected  governor  by  the  popular 
vote  for  the  term  of  four  years.  He  was  the  first 
and  only  man  ever  elected  governor  of  Virginia 
from  that  part  of  the  State  now  comprised  in  West 
Virginia.  As  governor  he  took  an  active  part  in 
originating  or  carrying  out  greatly  needed  internal 
improvements,  which,  unfortunately,  were  sadly 
retarded  by  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  At  the 
close  of  1855  he  retired  to  his  country  home,  having 
served  his  generation  most  faithfully  in  the  State 
and  national  halls  for  more  than  forty  ye.ars.  Gov. 
Johnson  followed  Virginia  during  her  terrible  war 
experiences,  and  threw  all  the  weight  of  his  great 
influence  and  e.'cpericnce  into  the  cause  of  the  Con- 
federacy. At  the  termination  of  that  fearful  con- 
test, with  the  burdens  of  eighty  years  upon  him,  he 
withdrew,  as  much  as  such  a  man  could,  from  pub- 
lic life.  For  more  than  ten  years  he  enjoyed  the 
coveted  quiet  of  a  lovely  home,  the  attentions  of 
kindred  and  loved  ones,  and  the  warm  regards  of 
troops  of  friends.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1877,  in  the 
ninety-second  year  of  his  age,  in  the  home  which 
he  had  entered  more  than  seventy  years  before,  in 
the  assured  hope  of  a  blissful  immortality. 

In  private  life,  Gov.  .Johnson  was  modest,  affable, 
genial,  and  kindly  considerate  of  the  interests  of 
all.  In  appearance  he  was  below  the  medium 
height,  of  a  dark  complexion,  with  a  bright  black  eye 
that  flashed  as  if  on  fire  when  in  debate.  During 
the  last  few  years  of  his  life  his  thoughts  were 
almost  constantly  occupied  with  Biblical  themes. 
He  was  punctual  in  the  performance  of  religious 
duties,  and  would  let  nothing  interfere  with  them. 
The  last  two  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  super- 
intending and  liberally  contributing  to  the  rebuild- 
ing and  furnishing  of  the  Baptist  meeting-house 
near  his  residence,  where  he  was  a  member,  and 
where  his  mother  and  wife  had  woi'shiped,  fre- 
quently testifying  himself  in  the  meetings  to  the 
comfort,  truth,  and  power  of  the  gospel  of  Christ. 
As  a  man,  he  was  beyond  reproach,  as  a  statesman, 
he  was  one  of  tlie  strictest  of  the  "  Jacksonian" 
school,  and  as  a  follower  of  Christ,  he  adorned  the 
doctrine  of  the  iSaviour  by  a  "  well-ordered  life." 

Johnson,  Rev.  J.  E.,  was  a  native  of  Tolland, 
Conn.,  where  ho  was  born,  Oct.  27,  1827.  Ilis 
early  youth  was  spent  in  Willington,  Conn.,  to 
which  place  his  parents  removed  soon  after  his 
birth.  He  was  baptized  and  united  with  the  Ba|>- 
tist  church  in  that  place  when  but  a  mere  lad.  He 
was  educated  at  Suflield  Institute,  Conn.,  and  at 
Brown  University,  R.  I.,  from  which  he  graduated 
with  honor  in  the  class  of  1853.  He  spent  one  year 
at  Newton  Theological  Seminary.  He  was  or- 
dained by  the  Baptist  church  in  .Jackson,  Mich., 
in  1855,  and  remained  its  pastor  seven  years.  He 
was  subsequently  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 


Madison,  Wis.,  four  years,  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Delavan  two  and  a  half  years,  of  the  Grand  Ave- 
nue Baptist  church,  Milwaukee,  one  year,  and  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Beaver  Dam  three  years, 
where  he  died  Oct.  20,  1872.  His  ministry  of 
seventeen  years  was  highly  successful.  He  was  an 
excellent  preacher,  of  clear,  analytical  mind,  and 
of  most  earnest  spirit.  But  he  was  pre-eminent  in 
his  simple,  unostentatious  piety,  and  devotion  to 
the  work  of  the  ministry,  to  which  he  had  conse- 
crated his  life. 

Johnson,  Rev.  N.  B.,  a  distinguished  mission- 
ary in  the  mountains  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in 
Fayette  County  of  that  State,  March  28,  1820.  In 
early  life  he  joined  the  Campbellites,  but  in  1842 
he  experienced  a  change  of  heart,  was  baptized, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Georgetown. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1862,  and  was 
piistor  of  several  country  churches  along  the  border 
of  the  mountains.  In  1866  he  entered  the  moun- 
tain field  as  a  missionary.  During  the  thirteen 
years  that  followed  he  traveled,  on  horseback  and 
on  foot,  13,000  miles,  preached  2800  times,  besides 
delivering  numerous  addresses,  visited  a  large 
number  of  fiimilies.  organized  60  Sabbath-.schools, 
baptized  120O  persons,  and,  with  the  assistance  of 
proper  helps,  constituted  2-t  churches.  He  is,  in 
1880,  pastor  of  four  churches. 

Johnson,  Judge  Okey,  was  born  in  Tyler  Co., 
Va.,  March  24,  1834.  His  parents  were  both  im- 
mersed into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  Church 
over  fifty  years  ago,  by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Dale,  whose 
biography  appears  in  "The  Lives  of  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Ministers."  Okey  united  with  the  Long 
Reach  Baptist  church  on  the  7th  of  July,  1849. 
lie  graduated  at  the  Marietta  High  School  in  1856. 
The  same  year  he  entered  the  law-school  of  Harvard 
University,  where  for  two  years  he  had  the  benefit 
of  the  lectures  of  those  distinguished  men  Profs. 
Parsons,  Washburne,  and  Parker,  and  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  July,  1858.  He  en- 
gaged in  agriculture  for  nearly  two  years,  and  made 
two  successful  trading  expeditions  to  Memphis  and 
Xew  Orleans,  on  flat-boats,  in  the  fall  and  winter 
of  18.59  and  I860,  and  left  \ew  Orleans  on  the  21st 
d.ay  of  March,  1861,  In  May,  1862,  he  located  in 
Parkersburg,  Va.,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  good  earnest.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1862,  at 
Parkersburg,  while  the  United  States  troops  were 
thundering  at  the  gates  of  Richmond,  he  made  an 
oration  in  favor  of  his  candidate  for  the  Presidency 
to  a  great  multitude ;  and  his  effort  was  so  full 
of  lofty  patriotism  that  it  called  forth  the  loudest 
plaudits,  and  on  request  of  the  vast  throng  it  was 
published.  Although  a  Union  man,  he  was  a  de- 
cided Democrat,  and  very  conservative  on  all  ques- 
tions involving  the  conduct  of  the  war,  and  when 
that   unhappy   strife    ended   he   was   for   general 


JOHNSON 


607 


JOHNSON 


amnesty  and  peace,  and  did  much  in  the  State  of 
West  Virginia,  which  was  the  "  Child  of  the  storm," 
to  arrest  and  repeal  the  legislation  against  the  re- 
turned   Confederate    soldiers.      In    1870   he   was 


JIDCE   OKEV   JOHSSOJf. 

elected  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  senate.  He 
was  elected  to  the  constitutional  convention  called 
by  the  Legislature  of  1870,  largely  through  his  in- 
fluence, by  a  triumphant  majority.  lie  was  a  very 
active  and  distinguished  member  of  this  conven- 
tion, and  when  the  new  constitution  was  submitted 
to  the  people  he  was  an  eloquent  advocate  for  its 
ratification,  and  it  was  adopted  by  a  handsome  ma- 
jority. 

In  1874  Marietta  College  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  From 
1860  to  1870  he  was  annually  elected  moderator 
of  the  Parkersburg  Association.  And  he  was  re- 
peatedly elected  president  of  the  West  A'irginia 
Baptist  Convention.  Notwithstanding  his  political 
relations,  he  uniformly  enjoyed  the  highest  esteem 
of  his  brethren.  Ilis  law  practice  was  large  and 
successful,  rarely  ever  losing  a  case  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Appeals.  In  1S76  he  was  nominated  for 
the  office  of  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals, 
and  elected  for  twelve  years  to  that  office,  by  a 
majority  of  17,000  votes.  He  now  holds  that  posi- 
tion, and  fills  it  with  fidelity  and  ability,  and  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  people  of  West  Virginia, 
by  whom  he  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  purest  men 
in  thf  I'niteil  States. 

Johnson,  Col.  Richard  Mentor,  son  of  Robert 
Johnson,  was  born  at  Bryant's  Station,  Fayette  Co., 


Ky.,  Oct.  17,  1780.  He  studied  law  after  finishing 
his  literary  education  at  Transylvania,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  his  twenty- 
first  year,  and  was  a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Congress, 
1807-19.  He  .accepted  a  colonel's  commission,  and 
was  in  active  service  in  the  war  of  1812-1.5.  In  the 
battle  of  the  Thames,  Oct.  5,  181.3,  he  rendered 
brilliant  service,  and  was  desperately  wounded. 
He  was,  however,  able  to  resume  his  seat  in  the 
House  in  February  following.  After  serving  sev- 
eral terms  in  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  he  was 
elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  ISl'J,  and  remained 
a  member  of  that  body  until  1829.  After  this  he 
was  again  a  member  of  the  House  in  1S29-.37.  In 
1837  he  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  by  the  Senate,  the  choice  having  devolved 
upon  them  under  the  Constitution.  In  March, 
1841,  he  retired  to  his  farm  in  Scott  County,  where 
he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  except  during 
two  terms  through  which  he  served  in  the  Ken- 
tucky Legislature.  He  died  at  Frankfort,  Nov.  19, 
1850,  while  a  member  of  the  Legislature.  Col. 
Johnson  appears  to  have  been  a  member  of  Great 
Crossing  church  as  early  as  1801. 

Johnson,  Col.  Robert,  the  head  of  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  families  in  Kentucky,  was  a 
native  of  Virginia.  He  removed  to  Kentucky 
during  the  Revolution  and  settled  at  Bryant's  Sta- 
tion, but  shortly  afterwards  he  settled  near  the 
present  site  of  Georgetown,  in  Scott  County,  where 
he  was  the  principal  instrument  in  organizing 
Great  Crossing  Baptist  church,  of  which  he  was  a 
member.  He  was  prominent  in  the  councils  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  country,  con- 
spicuous as  a  leader  in  the  Indian  wars  of  the 
period,  and  a  member  of  most  of  the  councils  of 
state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  first  constitution  of  Kentucky  in  1792, 
and  of  that  which  formed  the  second  constitution, 
in  1799.  He  was  eight  times  elected  to  the  Ken- 
tucky Legislature.  Three  of  his  sons  were  mem- 
bers of  Congress  from  Kentucky,  and  several  of  his 
descendants  have  been  members  of  Congress  from 
other  States.  He  died  at  a  ripe  old  age  at  his  resi- 
dence in  Scott  Co.,  Ky. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Georgia. 
He  visited  Missouri  in  1799,  and  preached  near 
Cape  Girardeau  :  one  person  at  his  first  service 
made  a  profession  of  faith  and  was  baptized,  a  Mrs. 
Blair.  This  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  believer 
immersed  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Missouri. 
The  baptism  was  administered  in  Randal's  Croek, 
where,  in  1797,  a  number  of  Baptists  settled  near 
the  village  of  Jackson,  Here  they  built  the  first 
Baptist  house  of  worship  in  Missouri.  It  was 
of  logs,  and  was  erected  in  1806.  Around  this 
old   church    are   graves    with   rough    tombstones. 


JOHNSON 


608 


JOHNSON 


which  mark  the  resting-place  of  the  first  Baptists, 
and  the  first  Protestants  in  Missouri. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Thomas  C,  one  of  the  best 
qualified  and  most  successful  ministers  in  the  State, 
was  born  at  Long  Reach,  Tyler  Co.,  W.  Va.,  Sept. 
18,  1S48.  lie  is  next  to  the  youngest  of  nineteen 
children  of  Wm.  Johnson,  of  Mineral  County.  In 
1S67  he  entered  college ;  was  baptized  the  follow- 
ing April  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Griebel,  and  graduated  in 
1872.  He  preached  his  first  sermon  in  October, 
1871,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Long 
Reach  church  in  the  summer  of  1872.  He  entered 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  in  the  fall  of  1872, 
and  graduated  in  1875.  He  then  took  charge  of 
the  Willow  Island  church,  in  West  Virginia,  and 
the  Valley  church,  in  Ohio.  He  was  ordained  at 
Willow  Island  in  1875. 

In  December,  1S77,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.,  at  which  place  he 
is  now  located.  The  church  was  in  a  low  and  scat- 
tered condition  and  deeply  in  debt,  but  he  has,  in 
less  than  three  years,  been  instrumental  in  greatly 
promoting  its  efficiency  and  in  enlarging  its  mem- 
bership. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Thomas  Thornton,  was  born 

July  20,  1S03,  in  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.  He  was  con- 
verted at  the  age  of  thirteen  years,  and  baptized  by 
Elder  James  Lugget,  of  Kentucky.  He  removed 
to  Missouri  in  182S.  He  contended  for  missionary 
principles  against  bitter  opposition.  Helped  to 
form  a  missionary  society  in  1838,  and  labored 
much  as  a  pastor,  and  was  at  home  in  protracted 
meetings.  He  was  remarkably  effective  in  exhorta- 
tions. He  aided  in  the  formation  of  many  churches 
in  Ralls,  Pike,  Lincoln,  and  Montgomery  Counties. 
He  died  at  Truxton,  Mo.,  Feb.  25,  1877. 

Johnson,  Rev.  William,  is  a  very  remarkable 
man  in  some  respects.  He  was  born  in  Barnwell 
District,  S.  C,  Jan.  9,  1803,  and  is  related  doubtless 
to  Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson,  who  killed  Tecumseh 
in  Kentucky.  His  father  died  before  he  was  born, 
and  his  mother  died  when  he  was  seventeen  years 
old,  at  which  time  he  was  "  bound''  to  a  man  in 
Augusta,  Ga. 

Here  he  remained  till  nearly  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  when  he  disagreed  with  his  master  for  the 
first  time,  and  leaving  him,  returned  to  South  Car- 
olina, and  went  to  school  a  few  months.  He  often 
quotes, — 

"  No  mother  to  nurse  and  to  guide, 
No  father  to  protect  and  provide, 
No  fortune  to  shield  from  hunger  and  cold, 
A  poor  little  orphan,  cast  on  the  world," 

as  being  almost  literally  true  in  his  case. 

Elder  Johnson  was  converted  and  baptized  about 
1829,  his  baptism  occurring  at  a  branch  of  Darien 
church,  and  was  performed  by  Prescott  Bush,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier.     He  was  ordained,  while  a 


member  of  Philippi  church,  by  W.  B.  Johnson, 
D.D.,  Peter  Galloway,  John  Landrum,  and  Joseph 
Morris.  He  was  a  constituent  member  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Edisto  Association,  and  was  its 
moderator  several  times.  He  removed  to  Florida 
in  1854,  and  joined  Pleasant  Grove  church,  in 
Alachua  County,  and  at  different  times  has  served 
that  church,  and  Wacahoota,  Eliam,  and  Ockwilla, 
in  the  same  county  ;  Paran,  in  Putnam  County, 
and  Providence,  in  Bradford  County,  besides  aiding 
in  building  up  some  new  churches.  He  aided  in 
the  formation  of  the  Alachua  Association,  and  has 
been  perhaps  its  only  moderator,  and  was  for  a  few 
sessions  moderator  of  Santa  F6  River  Association. 

Mr.  Johnson  is  strong  in  body  and  mind.  His 
ancestors  were  Irish,  and  from  them  he  inherited  a 
robust  constitution  and  a  fondness  for  humor.  In 
his  preaching  his  favorite  themes  are  divine  sover- 
eignty, election,  grace,  etc.  He  is  a  decided  Bap- 
tist, and  contends  earnestly  for  the  faith.  He  had 
a  struggle  before  consenting  to  enter  the  ministry, 
and  would  never  after  take  any  civil  office. 

Mr.  Johnson  has  been  a  tower  of  strength  in 
Florida,  and  is  yet  popular  and  exerting  a  good  in- 
fluence, but  he  is  not  able  to  preach  much. 

Johnson,  W.  B.,  D.D.,  was  one  of  the  most 
active  and  useful  ministers  that  ever  labored  in 
South  Carolina.  "  Soon  after  1820"'  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Saluda  Association,  and  presided 
over  its  deliberations  for  a  number  of  years.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  the  acting  pastor  at  Edgefield 
Court-llouse,  and  a  member  of  the  Association 
bearing  the  name  of  his  church,  and  of  this  Asso- 
ciation he  was  chosen  moderator. 

The  State  Convention  founded  in  1821  had  a  very 
warm  friend  in  Dr.  Johnson.  He  was  one  of  a 
committee  of  three  who  drafted  its  constitution. 
In  1822  he  preached  the  introductory  sermon,  and 
prepared  the  address  of  the  Convention  to  the 
churches,  which  was  printed  in  the  minutes  of  that 
year,  a  document  of  great  ability,  and  penetrated 
by  a  thoroughly  missionary  and  evangelical  spirit. 
In  1823  he  w-is  elected  vice-president  of  the  Con- 
vention. In  1824  he  preached  the  annual  charity 
sermon,  and  in  1825  he  was  chosen  president  on 
the  death  of  the  honored  Dr.  Richard  Furman, 
whose  name  is  justly  venerated  in  South  Carolina, 
and  by  hosts  of  Baptists  all  over  our  country.  Dr. 
Johnson  held  this  position  for  a  great  many  years, 
an  office  the  duties  of  which  were  discharged  not 
only  by  Dr.  Richard  Furman,  but  by  Dr.  Basil 
Manly,  Chief-Justice  O'Xeall,  and  other  distin- 
guished men.  The  reputation  of  Dr.  Johnson 
spread  over  our  whole  country,  and  for  three  years 
he  was  president  of  our  great  national  missionary 
society,  "The  Triennial  Convention  of  the  United 
States,''  and  after  the  division  in  that  body  he  was 
chosen  the  first  president  of  the  Southern  Baptist 


JOHNSOX 


609 


JOHNSTON 


Convention.     In  no  section  of  our  country  was  any 
Baptist    minister    more    highly    honored    by  his 
brethren. 
He  was  a  solid  and  impressiye  preacher,  deeply 


W.  B.   JOHNSON,  D.D. 

versed  in  the  sacred  writings,  and  full  of  his  Mas- 
ter's spirit.  He  was  very  hospitable,  and  his  life 
was  blameless.  To  the  Saviour  he  rendered  noble 
service,  which  was  fruitful  in  an  unusual  measure. 

Under  Dr.  AVayland's  presidency  Brown  Univer- 
sity gave  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
He  died  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  in  1862,  when  he  was 
about  eighty  years  of  age. 

The  State  Convention,  in  1863,  appointed  its 
president.  Dr.  J.  C.  Furman,  to  preach  a  sermon 
"  in  honor  of  the  memory  of  their  venerable  brother, 
the  late  Rev.  W.  B.  Johnson,  D.D.,"  and  after  the 
delivery  of  the  discourse  the  Convention  requested 
a  copy  for  publication,  and  a  committee  was  also 
appointed  "  to  raise  funds  to  erect  a  monument 
over  his  remains." 

Johnson,  Hon.  William  Carey,  son  of  Rev. 
Hezekiuh  .Johnson,  was  born  In  Ohio,  Oct.  27,  1833. 
In  1845  he  removed  to  Oregon  with  his  parents, 
and  has  since  tlien  lived  at  Oregon  City.  He  re- 
ceived a  good  academic  education  :  w.is  converted 
in  1854,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  E.  Fisher.  He  en- 
tered and  attained  a  high  position  in  the  legal  pro- 
fession, and  in  1866  became  State  senator.  In  186S 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Josephine  De  Vore,  the 
first  woman  to  win  the  degree  of  A.B.  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  graduating  with  honor  from  the  full  course 
of  Willamette  University,   at  Salem,  Oregon,  in 


1868.  Mr.  Johnson  has  continued  one  of  the  most 
active  laymen  in  the  work  of  the  Baptists  in  his 
State,  clerk  of  the  Willamette  Association,  and  for 
many  years  its  moderator.  In  his  church  at  Oregon 
City  he  has  a  leading  influence,  and  in  its  Sunday- 
school  is  a  devoted  Bible-class  teacher  and  superin- 
tendent. 

Johnston,  Judge  James  William,  was  born  in 
1791  ;  studied  law  in  Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
became  distinguished  in  his  profession ;  was  con- 
verted and  baptized  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia ; 
strongly  suppoi-ted  the  educational  movement  which 
commenced  among  the  Baptists  of  Nova  i^cotia  in 
1828,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  Ilorton 
Academy  in  1829,  and  Acadia  College  in  January, 
1839 ;  represented  Annapolis  County  in  the  Pro- 
vincial Parliament  for  twenty  years ;  was  leader  of 
the  government  and  attorney-general  for  several 
years:  became,  in  1865,  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  Nova  Scotia,  and  judge  in  equity.  James 
W.  .Johnston  possessed  a  gigantic  mind,  unsullied 
integrity,  indomitable  energy,  commanding  elo- 
quence, and  Christian  humility.  On  the  death  of 
Gov.  Howe,  Judge  Johnston  was  appointed  to  suc- 
ceed him  a.s  governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  but  death 
interposed  his  veto  Nov.  21.  1873. 

Johnston,  Judge  James  W.,  a  son  of  Judge 
James  W.  Johnston,  graduated  from  Acadia  Col- 
lege in  1843  ;  studied  law  with  his  father,  and  prac- 
tised his  profession  in  Halifax  for  many  years ; 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  Halifax  County  Court 
in  1877,  and  performs  his  duties  with  ability. 
■Judge  Johnston  is  a  member  of  the  Dartmouth 
Baptist  church. 

Johnston,  Col.  John  W.,  w-as  born  at  Paltons- 
burg,  Botetourt  Co..  Va.,  July  6,  1839.  Having 
received  hiscarly  intellectual  training  in  the  neigh- 
boring schools,  he  entered  upon  and  finished  his 
studies  in  law  in  Lexington,  Va.,  and  afterwards 
prosecuted  his  profession  with  great  success.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  war  he  entered  the  Confederate 
service,  first  as  second  lieutenant  of  riflemen  of  the 
48th  Regiment  Va.  Militia,  and  a  few  weeks  after 
became  second  lieutenant  of  the  28th  Va.  In- 
fantry, Provisional  army  of  the  C.  S.  A.  Near 
the  close  of  1861  he  became  first  lieutenant  of  An-  . 
derson's  Battery,  Light  Artillery,  and  in  the  early 
part  of  1863,  capt.iin  of  the  Botetourt  Artillery. 
During  this  year  he  served  also  as  captain  and  in- 
spector-general of  artillery  on  Maj.-Gen.  C.  L.  Ste- 
venson's staff.  During  1S64  he  held  the  position 
of  major  of  artillery  in  the  P.  A.  C.  S..  and  until 
April,  1865,  was  in  command  of  a  battalion  of  light 
artillery,  in  all  these  positions  he  displayed  the 
highest  ability.  During  the  sessions  of  1875-77 
Col.  Johnston  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  del- 
egates of  Virginia  from  Botetourt  County,  and 
served  with  marked  efficiency.     April  24,  1877,  he 


JOH!^SrON 


610 


JONES 


was  elected  president  of  the  James  River  and  Kana- 
wha Company,  anil  also  president  of  the  Buchanan 
and  Clifton  Forge  Railway  Company.  Col.  Johns- 
ton is  a  member  of  the  IJuchanan  Baptist  church, 
and  actively  engaged  in  all  movements  designed 
for  the  advancement  and  strengthening  of  the  de- 
nomination. 

Johnston,  Rev.  Jonas,  was  born  in  Beaufort 
Co.,  S.  C,  March  11,  KS21  ;  received  a  sound  aca- 
demic education ;  was  converted  and  baptized  in 
August,  1840.  After  ordination  ministered  to  the 
folldwing  churches:  Lawtonville,  S.  C. ;  Anderson, 
Bedias,  Danville,  Waverly,  Bethel,  Montgomery, 
lluntsville,  Ebene/.er,  Planterville,  and  Navisota, 
Te.xas.  lie  has  been  prospered  in  his  worldly 
business  beyond  most  ministers  of  the  gospel,  but 
at  the  same  time  he  has  been  a  laborious  and  very 
successful  preacher,  exerting  extended  influence  and 
commanding  general  esteem.  lie  is  now  the  busi- 
ness manager  of  the  Texas  Biijjtisf  Herald,  and  is 
efficiently  promoting  the  great  educational  and  mis- 
sionary operations  of  Texas.  lie  is  a  sound  theo- 
logian and  an  able  counselor. 

Jones,  Rev.  C.  B. — For  nearly  twenty  years  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Florida  had  the  valuable 
lal)ors,  influence,  and  advice  of  Rev.  Charles  B. 
Jones,  who  was  born  on  Wilmington  Island,  near 
Savannah,  Ga.,  in  the  year  1798,  and  died  at  Pa- 
latka,  Fla.,  March  5,  1879.  "  In  early  life  he  was 
of  a  generous  and  jovial  disposition,  having  plenty 
of  money,  and  withal  possessing  a  commanding 
personal  appearance,  he  was  not  only  a  favorite, 
but  an  acknowledged  leader  among  his  associates." 

He  was  deeply  convicted  by  the  killing  of  an 
uncle  in  a  duel,  he  being  present  at  the  scene.  He 
was  soon  after  converted,  and  he  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Savannah.  In  a  short  time 
he  began  to  preach,  and  was  popular.  He  fre- 
quently filled  the  pulpituf  the  First  Baiitist  church 
of  Savannah  during  the  annual  vacations  of  the 
pastor,  and  at  one  time  was  its  pastor.  He  was 
greatly  beloved  by  all  the  churches  he  served. 

"  Few  men  could  present  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel  with  greater  power.  His  favorite  theme  was 
the  love  of  Christ,  and  when  speaking  upon  this 
his  countenance  would  become  radiant,  and  he 
would  seem  to  be  almost  inspired." 

Upon  going  to  Florida  he  settled  in  Marion 
County,  and  was  for  a  time  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Ocala.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  late  war  he 
moved  to  Palatka,  where  he  labored  as  a  missionary 
of  the  Northern  Home  Mission  Society,  preaching 
in  Palatka  and  the  surrounding  country.  Mr. 
Jones  was  a  man  of  general  intelligence  and  a 
ready  use  of  language.  He  was  tall,  with  a  fine 
head,  and  a  countenance  that  was  a  true  index  of 
his  generous  heart  and  noble  impulses. 

Perhaps  his  crowning  gift  was  his  power  of  con- 


versation, in  whicli  he  was  ready,  easy,  and  ex- 
pressed himself  in  language  well  chosen,  beautiful, 
and  chaste.  He  was  always  welcome  in  every  cir- 
cle, and  exerted  a  powerful  social  influence. 

Jones,  Rev.  David,  A.M.,  chaplain  in  the 
Continental  army,  was  born  in  AVhitc  Clay  Creek 
Hundred,  Newcastle  Co.,  Del.,  May  12,  17l!0.  His 
parents  were  Morgan  and  Eleanor  (Evans)  Jones, 
and  his  grandparents  were  David  and  Esther 
(Morgan)  Jones.  Esther  Jones  was  a  sister  of 
Enoch  and  Abel  Morgan,  well  known  Baptist  min- 
isters, who  were  children  of  Morgan  ap  Rhyddarch, 
a  famous  Baptist  minister,  who  resided  in  Llan- 
wenog,  South  Wales.  Mr.  Jones  was  baptized 
May  6,  1758,  joined  the  Welsh  Tract  Baptist 
church,  and  was  one  of  the  pupils  of  Isaac  Eaton, 
at  Hopewell  Academy,  N.  J.,  but  studied  divinity 
with  his  cousin,  Abel  Morgan,  at  Middletown, 
N.  J.  He  was  ordained  Dec.  12,  1766,  as  pastor 
of  the  Freehold  Baptist  church,  Monmouth  Co., 
N.  J.  While  there  he  was  impressed  with  a  de- 
sire to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  Indians,  and  was 
the  first   Baptist   missionary  among  that  people. 


REV.    DAVID   .lONES 


No  doubt  the  example  of  David  Brainard  influenced 
his  heart,  and  the  wretched  condition  of  the  poor 
red  men  fur  this  and  for  the  future  life  prompted 
his  couj'se.  They  then  occupied  what  is  now  the 
State  of  Ohio,  and  he  made  them  two  visits. 
His  first  began  May  4,  1772,  and  ended  in  Au- 
gust; his  second  began  Oct.  26,  1772,  and  ended 
in  April,  1773.  He  kept  a  journal  of  his  mis- 
sionary labors,  which  was  published  in  1773,  and 
was  reprinted  in  New  York  by  J.  Sabin,  in  18G5. 
Mr.  Jones  continued  his  pastorate  at  the  village 
of  Freehold  until  his  outspoken  views  in  favor  of 
the  rights  of  Americans  rendered  him  unpopular, 


JONES 


611 


JONES 


and  in  April,  1775,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Great 
Valley  church,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  In  that  year  the 
Continental  Congress  reconiniended  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer,  and  he  preached  a  sermon  before  Col. 
Dewees's  regiment,  entitled  "Defensive  War  in  a 
Just  Cause  Sinless,"  which  was  printed  and  exten- 
sively circulated.  He  took  hijili  ground  even  at 
that  early  day  in  favor  of  independence.  In  1776 
he  was  appointed  a  chaplain  in  Col.  St.  Clair's 
regiment,  and  was  at  Ticonderoga,  where,  just  be- 
fore battle,  he  delivered  a  patriotic  address,  which 
roused  the  courage  of  the  soldiers  to  a  high  degree. 
Subsequently  he  served  under  Gen.  Horatio  Gates 
and  (Jen.  AVayne,  and  was  in  many  battles,  and 
always  proved  himself  to  be  a  wise  counselor  and 
a  devoted  patriot.  He  was  at  the  Paoli  massacre, 
and  narrowly  escaped  death.  While  the  army 
was  at  Valley  Forge  he  frequently  showed  his 
devotion  to  the  cause,  and  was  highly  trusted  by 
Washingtcm.  When  news  arrived  that  France  had 
n^cognized  our  independence,  he  preached  an  ap- 
propriate sermon  to  the  troops  at  the  Forge.  He 
continued  in  the  army  until  the  capitulation  at 
Yorktown,  and  then  retired  to  his  farm  in  East 
Town,  Chester  Co.,  adjoining  the  farm  of  his  old 
commander.  Gen.  Wayne.  In  17S6  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Southampton  church,  Bucks  Co., 
where  he  remained  until  1792,  when  he  returned 
to  the  Valley  church,  with  which  he  remained,  part 
of  the  time  as  senior  pastor,  until  his  death.  When 
Gen.  Wayne  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
army,  and  undertook  to  put  down  the  Indians 
in  the  Northwestern  Territory,  he  induced  Mr. 
Jones  to  accompany  him  as  chaplain,  and  he  acted 
in  that  capacity  during  1794— 9-J-'J6,  and  was  pres- 
ent at  the  treaty  of  Greenville.  When  the  war  of 
1812  broke  out,  although  seventy-six  years  of  age, 
he  again  volunteered  his  services,  and  was  aj)- 
pointed  chaplain  by  his  old  companion  in  arms. 
Gen.  John  Armstrong,  then  Secretary  of  War,  and 
he  served  under  Gens.  Brown  and  Wilkinson  until 
peace  was  declared.  lie  then  retired  to  his  farm 
and  devoted  himself  to  its  cultivation,  and  also  to 
arboriculture,  of  which  he  was  very  fond.  He  thus 
passed  the  evening  of  a  busy  life,  varying  it  with 
visits  to  his  relatives,  both  near  and  far,  preaching 
wherever  he  went,  and  often  writing  for  the  jiress 
on  public  affairs,  in  which  he  never  ceased  to  take 
a  deep  interest. 

Mr.  Jones  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Phila- 
delpliia  Baptist  Association,  of  which  he  was  mod- 
erator in  the  year  179S,  and  was  often  appointed  on 
committees  to  answer  queries  or  to  settle  difficul- 
ties among  the  churches.  When  the  great  Win- 
chester defection  occurred  in  the  church  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  a  majority  of  the  members  followed 
Elhanan  Winchester,  who  bad  become  a  Universal- 
ist,  or  as  he  was  then  called  a  Restorationist,  Mr. 


Jones  was  one  of  the  ministers  appointed  by  the 
church  to  advise  them  in  their  troubles. 

Mr.  Jones  died  at  his  farm,  Feb.  5,  1820,  in  the 
eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried  at  the 
Valley  church-yard.  The  funeral  services  were 
conducted  by  Rev.  Thomas  Roberts,  Rev.  Wm.  E. 
Ashton,  and  Rev.  William  Latta.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
William  Rogers  delivered  a  funeral  sermon  (m  the 
next  Sunday.  Tlie  following  notice  of  Mr.  Jones 
appeared  in  Poulson's  Daily  Advertiser : 

"  In  sketching  the  character  of  this  venerable 
servant  of  the  Cross,  truth  requires  us  to  say  that 
he  was  an  eminent  man.  Throughout  the  whole 
of  his  protracted  and  eventful  life  Mr.  Jones  Wiis 
peculiarly  distinguished  for  the  warmth  of  his 
friendship,  the  firmness  of  his  patriotism,  the  sin- 
cerity and  ardor  of  his  piety,  and  the  faithfulness 
of  his  ministry.  In  the  army  of  the  Revolution  he 
was  a  distinguished  chaplain,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  same  arduous  duties  during  the  last  war.  As 
a  scholar  he  was  accurate ;  possessing  a  mind  of 
superior  texture,  he  embellished  it  with  the  beau- 
ties of  classical  literature  and  the  riches  of  general 
science.  The  Fellowship  of  Brown  University,  in 
the  year  1774,  as  a  testimony  of  respect  for  his 
learning  and  talents,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts." 

In  early  life  he  studied  medicine,  and  his  services 
during  the  wars  were  often  called  for,  and,  although 
not  a  physician,  yet  he  frequently  prescribed  when 
applied  to. 

Mr.  Jones  was  the  author  of  several  works  :  Ist. 
A  journal  of  two  visits  made  to  some  nations  of 
Indians  on  the  west  side  of  the  River  Ohio,  in  the 
years  1772  and  1773.  2d.  A  treatise  on  the  work 
of  the  Holy  Spirit.  3d.  A  treatise  on  laying  on 
of  hands.  4th.  Another  on  the  same  subject,  in 
reply  to  a  broadside  of  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  D.D. 
5th.  "  Peter  Edwards'  Candid  Reasons  examined." 

Mr.  Jones  was  married  Feb.  22,  1702.  to  Anne, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Stilwell,  of  Middle- 
town,  N.  J.,  and  had  issue  :  1st.  Morgan,  who  died 
near  Wheeling,  Va.  2d.  Eleanor,  who  married  John 
Garrett,  and  died  at  Garrettsville.  O.  3d.  Mary, 
who  married  Archiljald  McClean.  4th.  Horatio 
Gates  Jones,  who  died  at  Philadelphia.  All  his 
children  left  issue. 

In  danger  he  knew  no  fear,  in  fervent  patriotism 
he  had  no  superiors  and  few  equals,  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary struggle  he  was  a  tower  of  strength,  es- 
pecially in  the  section  now  known  as  the  Middle 
States,  and  in  piety  he  was  a  Christian  without 
reproach. 

Jones,  Rev.  David,  was  bom  in  Wales,  in  April. 
1785.  Though  bearing  the  same  name,  tliis  is  not 
the  heroic  David  Jones,  the  Pennsylvania  chaplain 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  landed  in  Philadel- 
phia in   1S03,  when  the  yellow  fever  was  raging; 


JONES 


612 


JOXRS 


he  went  to  Ohio,  and  more  than  two  years  after- 
wards he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Columbia  church,  near  Cincinnati.  He  studied 
under  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.,  for 
some  time.  In  January,  1S14,  he  took  pastoral 
charge  of  the  church  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  the 
Loi-d  revived  the  church  and  converted  many  souls 
through  his  ministry.  In  1821  he  succeeded  Dr. 
Samuel  Jones  as  pastor  of  the  Lower  Dublin  church, 
and  he  continued  to  serve  it  until  the  Lord  took 
him  home  ;  in  this  church  the  Great  Shepherd  gave 
him  several  revivals,  in  one  of  which,  in  1S31,  he 
baptized  6.5  persons,  though  the  population  around 
was  small.  He  died  April  9,  183.3,  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  a  blessed  hope  through  his  Saviour's  blood. 

Jones,  Rev.  Evan,  was  bom  at  Brecknockshire, 
Wales,  in  May,  1789.  Previous  to  his  coming  to 
this  country  he  was  for  thirteen  years  a  merchant 
in  London.  He  was  appointed  by  the  board  of  the 
Baptist  Triennial  Convention,  July  24, 1821,  a  mis- 
sionary among  the  Cherokee  Indians.  For  several 
years  before  the  removal  of  the  Cherokees  from 
North  Carolina  Mr.  -Jones  l.iborcd  with  great  suc- 
cess among  them,  establishing  churches  and  schools, 
and  proving  that  some  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  this 
country  can  be  civilized  and  Christianized.  In 
1838,  in  carrying  out  the  treaty  of  New  Echota,  the 
Cherokees  were  removed  to  what  was  known  as  the 
Western  Territory,  and  Mr.  Jones  followed  his  flock 
to  their  new  home,  and  in  two  years  after  their  re- 
moval 130  persons  were  baptized  and  a  new  church 
formed.  Mr.  Jones's  connection  with  the  Chero- 
kees covered  a  period  of  fifty  years.  It  is  said  that 
"  the  confidence  in  which  he  was  held  by  them  was 
never  impaired."  lie  died  at  Tahlequah,  Aug.  18, 
1873,  having  reached  the  age  of  eighty-three  years 
and  three  months.  '"  He  was  a  man  of  quiet  home 
virtues,  of  unostentatious  life,  and  of  such  purity 
of  character  that  even  suspicion  presumed  not  to 
tarnish  it."' 

Jones,  Rev.  F.  H.,  was  bom  in  Surry  Co.,  N.  C, 
Sept.  4,  1S30  ;  educated  at  Union  Academy,  Davie 
Co.,  Beulah  Institute,  and  Yadkin  Institute  ;  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  C.  W.  Bessant;  has  done  much  mis- 
sionarj'  work  ;  is  now  pastor  of  the  Yanceyville 
church,  moderator  of  the  Beulah  Association,  and 
the  leading  man  in  that  body. 

Jones,  Rev.  G.  S.,  was  born  in  Pasquotank  Co., 
N.  C,  Dec.  23,  1837;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest 
College  in  ISfiO;  ordained  in  1S61,  Kevs.  T.  B. 
Justice,  Thomas  Stradley,  and  Dr.  .J.  D.  Ilufham 
forming  the  Presbytery;  served  the  Hendersonville 
church  as  pastor  from  1861  to  1868,  since  which 
time  be  has  Vieen  in  the  employ  of  the  American 
Sunday-School  Union,  and  has  organized  and  aided 
about  900  schools. 

Jones,  Rev.  Henry  V.,  was  bom  in  North 
Wales,  Feb.  24,  1808.     Left  an  orphan  when  four 


years  old,  he  went  to  live  with  an  uncle  in  London. 
After  attending  an  academy,  he  entered  mercantile 
life  at  seventeen.  He  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  August,  1820,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Dean 
Street  church,  London,  and  was  disowned  by  his 
uncle  (an  Episcopalian)  the  next  day.  Hecameto 
America  in  1831,  and  was  ordained  in  New  York 
State,  April  8,  1835.  His  first  pastorate  was  in 
Palmyra.  He  held  important  positions  in  New 
York,  New  England,  and  New  Jersey.  In  the  latter 
State  he  accomplished  a  great  work.  AVhen  he 
took  charge  of  the  First  church  in  Newark  the 
cause  was  very  low.  Differences  of  doctrine  and 
diverse  views  as  to  measures  among  the  members 
had  long  prevented  growth.  Under  his  genial  and 
loving  preaching  and  administration  union  was 
secured,  the  congregation  more  than  filled  the  house, 
a  building  for  the  South  church  was  begun,  and  a 
colony  was  designated  to  occupy  the  new  house. 
This  was  the  beginning  of  church  extension  in 
Newark,  and  Mr.  Jones  was  a  moving  spirit  in  the 
work.  His  health  requiring  a  change,  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  old  church  at  Piscataway,  N.  J.,  where 
he  spent  sis  years  of  loving,  successful  labor. 
After  good  work  was  done  at  Rondout  and  West 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  Noank,  Conn.,  he  served  the 
church  at  Princeton,  N.  J.  His  brethren  felt  that 
his  qualifications  to  incite  the  churches  to  benevo- 
lent work  ought  to  be  more  extensively  used,  and 
he  was  persuaded  to  accept  the  position  of  district 
secretary  of  the  Home  Mission  Society.  He  also 
acted  at  other  times  as  financial  secretary  of  Ped- 
dle Institute  and  South  Jersey  Institute,  collecting 
large  sums  for  these  schools.  He  was  a  clear, 
sound,  solid  preacher,  having  the  Welsh  power  of 
illustration  blended  with  the  sober  judgment  of  a 
master  in  Scripture  doctrine.  He  was  a  valuable 
helper  in  the  First  church,  New  Brunswick,  of 
which  he  was  a  member  the  last  seven  years  of  his 
life.  His  last  sermon  was  at  the  old  church  at 
Piscataway,  on  Sunday,  June  16,  1878.  He 
preached  with  great  power,  and  seemed  to  be  in 
usual  health.  The  next  evening,  after  two  hours' 
sickness,  he  went  to  his  heavenly  home.  A  prom- 
inent periodical  well  spoke  of  him  as  "  a  man  of 
strong  common  sense,  singular  magnanimity  and 
devotedness,  and  great  puritj'  of  character." 

Jones,  Hon.  Horatio  Gates,  A.M.,  the  young- 
est son  of  Horatio  Gates  Jones,  D.D.,  was  born 
Jan.  19,  1S22,  in  Roxborough,  Philadelphia.  He 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1841 ;  was  admitted  to  the  Philadelphia  bar  in 
May,  1847 ;  formed  an  acquaintance  early  in  life 
with  the  annalist  of  Philadelphia,  John  F.Watson, 
which  in  a  great  measure  gave  tone  to  the  future 
studies  of  his  life  :  in  1848  became  a  member  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1849 
its  secretary,  a  position  which  he  held  for  eighteen 


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years,  and  in  1867  he  was  chosen  one  of  its  vice- 
presidents,  and  still  holds  that  office  ;  in  1856  he 
Ijecame  connected  with  the  Welsh  Society  of  Phil- 
adelphia, of  which  he  is  now  president ;  in  1858 
he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association,  and  filled  the  office  for  fifteen  years, 
when  he  was  chosen  moderator.  He  has  been 
■president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Association  for  thirteen  years.  lie  was 
elected  in  1865  by  the  councils  of  Philadelphia  a 
director  of  Girard  College.  He  has  been  secretary 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary  for  thirteen  years.  In  187-1  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  senate  from  Philadelphia,  and 
re-elected  in  1876  and  in  1878.  Mr.  Jones  is  a 
member  of  the  historical  societies  of  Rhode  Island, 
New  York,  Delaware,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and 
Florida ;  and  also  of  the  Moravian  Historical  So- 
ciety, the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical  So- 
ciety, and  the  American  Antiquarian  Society ;  and 
in  1877  he  was  elected  an  Honorary  Fellow  of  the 
Koyal  Historical  Society  of  Great  Britain. 

Mr.  Jones  was  largely  interested  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Baptist  Home  of  Philadelphia,  and 
he  has  been  secretary  of  its  board  of  trustees  from 
its  establishment. 

Mr.  Jones  united  with  the  Lower  Merion  church 
in  1840,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor,  and  he 
still  remains  a  member  of  it. 

He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  valuable  works, 
which  show  great  research  and  literary  ability. 

In  the  senate  of  Pennsylvania,  while  not  neglect- 
ing other  interests  of  the  State,  he  has  devoted 
much  time  to  religious  liberty ;  his  aim  has  been  to 
secure  freedom  from  the  penalties  of  the  Sunday 
law  of  April  22,  1794,  for  all  persons  who  observed 
the  seventh  day  as  the  Sabbath.  In  1876-77-78- 
79,  and  in  1880,  he  introduced  bills  for  this  purpose 
into  the  senate,  and  though  on  each  occasion  ho 
was  defeated,  yet  the  vote  in  favor  of  his  motion 
was  always  larger.  Mr.  Jones  cherishes  an  en- 
thusia-stic  love  for  Baptist  soul  liberty ;  he  under- 
stands the  subject  thoroughly,  his  effiDrts  on  its 
behalf  have  been  well  planned  and  valiant;  and 
ultimate  victory  is  certain  under  his  generous  lead- 
ership. He  might  justly  be  called  the  American 
champion  of  religious  liberty. 

Mr.  Jones  has  an  enviable  reputation,  an  extensive 
influence,  an  unselfish  disposition,  and  a  heart  full 
of  love  for  his  Master,  his  truth,  and  his  servants. 

Jones,  Horatio  Gates,  D.D.,  of  Roxborough, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  3-oungest  son  of  Rev.  David 
Jones,  of  the  Great  Valley  church,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1777,  at  East  Town,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  and 
passed  his  early  youth  there  and  at  Southampton, 
Bucks  Co.  After  acquiring  such  education  as  the 
schools  there  could  give,  when  nineteen  he  was 
placed  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Burgiss  Allison,  D.D., 


who  was  principal  of  an  academy  at  Bordentown, 
N.  J.  The  celebrated  Dr.  Stoughton  was  one  of 
the  teachers,  and  the  acquaintance  then  formed 
ripened  into  a  friendship  which  lasted  through  life. 
The  system  of  instruction  was  quite  varied,  and  the 
attendance  of  many  French  refugees  was  of  great 
advantage  to  the  students,  who  could  thereby  ac- 
quire a  knowledge  of  French.  On  his  return  from 
school,  Mr.  Jones  devoted  himself  to  farming.  He 
also  mingled  in  politics,  and,  being  a  fluent  speaker, 
he  soon  acquired  a  prominent  position,  even  before 
he  had  attained  his  majority.  But  about  this  time 
his  mind  was  directed  to  religious  concerns,  and  he 
made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith  .June  24,  1798, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Valley  church.  He 
soon  began  to  exercise  his  gifts  as  a  speaker,  and 
the  church  being  satisfied  with  his  eflbrts,  licensed 
him  to  preach  Sept.  26,  1801.  The  young  man  had 
before  him  the  prospect  of  political  preferment  if 
he  remained  in  civil  life,  but  convictions  of  duty 
made  him  sacrifice  all  such  aspirations,  and  he  en- 
tered on  his  new  work  with  an  energy  which  proved 
the  earnestness  of  his  purpose.  He  preached  in 
Chester  and  Delaware  Counties,  and  also  in  the 
State  of  Delaware,  where  his  Welsh  ancestors 
had  settled  nearly  a  century  before.  Having 
been  invited  to  preach  at  Salem,  N.  J.,  he  visited 
that  church,  of  which  Rev.  Isaac  Skillman,  D.D., 
had  been  pastor.  His  labors  were  appreciated,  and 
on  Feb.  13,  1802,  he  was  ordained,  and  labored  in 
Salem  until  April,  1805,  when  he  was  obliged  to 
leave  on  account  of  enfeebled  health  ;  the  climate 
not  suiting  him.  He  removed  to  a  farm  in  Rox- 
borough,  Philadelphia,  and  preached  every  Lord's 
day,  where  an  opening  was  had.  Among  other 
places  he  preached  in  "  Thomson's  Meeting-House," 
in  Lower  Merion,  Montgomery  Co.,  which  belonged 
to  Hon.  Charles  Thomson,  first  secretary  of  the 
Continental  Congress.  Mr.  Thomson  was  a  highly- 
educated  man,  had  once  been  a  tutor  in  the  College 
of  Philadelphia,  was  a  thorough  Greek  scholar,  and 
is  well  known  as  a  translator  of  the  Bible.  He 
gave  Mr.  Jones  a  warm  welcome,  and  in  many 
ways  exhibited  an  interest  in  the  preaching  of  the 
gospel  in  that  neighborhood.  Although  residing 
six  miles  from  the  meeting-house,  yet  he  was  gen- 
erally the  first  person  there,  and  for  a  period  of 
three  years  he  continued  his  labors  without  any 
signs  of  success.  But  in  May,  1808,  he  was  privi- 
leged to  baptize  the  first  convert  in  a  small  dam  on 
Mill  Creek,  which  he  erected  the  previous  day 
with  his  own  hands.  Other  hopeful  conversions 
and  baptisms  followed,  until  on  Sept.  11,  1808,  the 
Lower  Merion  Baptist  church  was  organized  with 
19  members,  with  Mr.  Jones  as  pastor.  Rev.  AVil- 
liaui  Rogers,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  William  Stoughton, 
D.D..  officiated  on  the  occasion.  In  two  years'  time 
a  meeting-house  was  built  on  a  lot  of  ground  the 


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614 


JONES 


gift  of  Mr.  Thomson,  who,  nltliouj^h  a  Presbyte- 
rian, ever  continued  to  attend  tlie  Merion  church, 
until  over  ninety  years  of  age,  and  proved  himself 
a,  warm  friend  of  Mr.  Jones.  Notwithstanding  Mr. 
Jones  was  a  laborious  minister,  and  was  constant 
in  visitations  among  his  people,  yet  lie  took  a  deep 
interest  in  civil  affairs,  and  to  the  close  of  his  life 
filled  many  important  posts  of  honor,  but  none  of 
profit.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  a  di- 
rector of  the  Bank  of  Germantown,  and  director 
and  controller  of  the  public  schools. 

In  1814,  when  the  Baptist  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  was  organized  in  Philadelphia,  he  was 
present,  aided  in  its  formation,  was  one  of  the 
Board  of  Managers,  and  for  many  years  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  board.  lie  was  warmly  interested 
in  the  cause  of  education,  and  especially  the  edu- 
cation of  young  men  for  the  ministry.  It  was 
chiefly  through  his  influence  that  the  Philadelphia 
Association  was  induced  to  organize  a  manual 
labor  school  at  Haddington,  Philadelphia  Co., 
which  afterwards  became  Haddington  College.  As 
long  as  the  college  existed  he  was  president  of  its 
board  of  trustees,  and  spared  neither  time  nor 
money  in  promoting  its  interests.  In  1812,  Brown 
University  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arte,  and  in  1852  the  university  at  Lewisburg 
bestowed  on  him  their  first  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity, he  being  at  the  time  the  chancellor  of  the  in- 
stitution. In  1829  Mr.  Jones  was  chosen  president 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Associa- 
tion, and  he  held  that  honorable  position  until  1853, 
a  period  of  twenty-four  years.  He  was  chosen  mod- 
erator of  the  Association  in  1816  and  1822,  and  was 
■clerk  in  180S,  1810,  1813,  1815,  and  1835. 

The  Lower  Merion  church,  of  which  he  was  the 
first  pastor,  continued  under  his  care  for  a  period  of 
forty-five  years.  It  assisted  all  the  benevolent  and 
missionary  organizations  as  they  arose,  and  it  was 
owing  to  a  query  from  this  church  to  the  Associa- 
tion, that  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  now  known 
as  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association, 
for  missionary  purposes,  was  organized.  Dr.  Jones 
■continued  his  active  duties  until  1845,  when  his 
health  began  to  fail ;  but  still  he  would  not  consent 
"to  give  up  his  pastorate.  And  so  he  continued  to 
preach  and  pray  for  his  beloved  Merion  until  called 
home  to  his  reward  on  high,  on  the  12th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1853,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year. 

Mr.  Jones  was  twice  married,  first  to  Miss  Esther 
Righter,  by  whom  he  had  three  children, — Hon. 
John  Richter  Jones,  Ellen  Maria,  married  to  Rev. 
George  Higgins,  Hetty  Ann  Jones,  all  of  whom  are 
deceased.  His  second  wife  was  Miss  Deborah 
Levering,  and  by  her  he  had  issue, — Sarah,  mar- 
ried to  Hon.  Anthony  D.  Levering,  Col.  Charles 
Thomson  Jones,  Nathan  Levering  Jones,  died 
April  19,  1879,  leaving  issue,  Horatio  Gates  Jones. 


Jones,  Eev.  Howard  Malcom,  son  of  the  mis- 
sionary. Rev.  John  Taylor  Jones,  D.D.,  was  born 
in  Bangkok,  Siam.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  1853,  and  of  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1857.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Schoolcraft, 
Mich.,  in  1858,  where  he  remained  one  year,  and 
then  went  to  Racine,  Wis.,  where  he  was  a  pastor 
four  years.  On  leaving  the  Racine  church,  he 
settled  in  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  pastor 
six  years,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  Bristol,  11.  I. 
Since  1869,  Mr.  Jones  has  been  preaching  in  Bristol 
with  much  acceptance. 

Jones,  Hugh,  D.D,,  president  of  Llangollen 
College,  Wales,  was  born  in  Bodedern,  Anglesea, 
July  10,  1831.  He  became  the  subject  of  religious 
convictions  while  yet  a  boy.  When  about  twelve 
years  of  age  he  connected  himself  with  the  Welsh 
Calvinistic  Methodist  Church.  In  his  sixteenth 
year  he  removed  to  the  neighborhood  of  Llanfach- 
reth,  where  the  Baptists  had  a  stronghold.  His 
associations  with  them  led  him  for  the  first  time  to 
examine  the  New  Testament  on  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism, and  the  result  was  his  conversion  to  the  Bap- 
tist faith.  He  was  baptized  in  the  river  Alaw  by 
the  Rev.  Robert  D.  Roberts  in  his  seventeenth  year. 
His  abilities  were  soon  discovered  by  the  brother- 
hood at  Llanfachreth,  and  he  was  urged  to  exercise 
his  gifts  as  a  preacher.  Having  spent  some  time 
in  the  grammar-school  of  the  neighborhood,  he 
entered  Ilaverford  West  College  in  June,  1853. 
His  progress  in  this  institution  was  such  as  to  com- 
mand particular  mention.  In  Hebrew,  mathe- 
matics, and  the  classics  he  was  the  distinguished 
student  of  his  class.  In  May,  1857,  he  settled  as 
pastor  over  the  Baptist  church  at  Llandudno,  Caer- 
narvonshire. In  a  little  over  two  years  he  was 
enabled  greatly  to  strengthen  the  cause,  leaving 
them  on  account  of  ill  health  in  October,  1859. 

In  the  same  month  he  became  co-pastor  with  the 
Rev.  John  Prichard,  D.D.,  at  Llangollen.  This 
fellowship  of  service  was  most  fruitful  of  good. 
The  elder  and  the  younger  were  true  yoke-fellows 
in  Christ.  They  had  joint  charge  of  the  Welsh 
and  English  churches  of  Llangollen,  as  well  as  of 
a  branch  church  at  Glyndyfedwy,  Merionethshire. 

In  1862  the  North  Wales  Baptist  College  was 
instituted  at  Llangollen,  with  Dr.  Prichard  as  pres- 
ident, and  Mr.  -Jones  as  classical  and  mathematical 
tutor.  In  1866,  Dr.  Prichard  resigned,  and  Mr. 
Jones  became  president,  a  position  which  lie  still 
holds  with  acknowledged  efliciency. 

Dr.  Jones  has  not  confined  himself  to  his  col- 
legiate and  ministerial  duties.  Some  of  the  most 
valuable  productions  in  the  Welsh  language  are 
from  his  able  pen.  In  1862  ho  issued  a  small  book 
on  "  The  Mode  and  Subjects  of  Baptism,  with  the 
History  of  the  Rise  of  Infant  Baptism  and  Sprink- 


JONES 


015 


JONES 


ling,"  whicli  has  been  widely  read.  In  1863  there 
appeared  a  volume  on  "  The  Act  of  Baptism,  or  an 
Enquiry  into  the  Mode  of  Baptism."  An  abbre- 
viated edition  of  this  book  has  appeared  in  English, 
and  has  been  very  well  received.  It  is  in  the  Welsh 
language  what  Carson  is  in  the  English.  Its  ex- 
cellence and  value  are  universally  recognized. 
Another  volume  which  has  been  a  rich  boon  to  the 
Welsh  people  is  a  masterly  production  on  "  The 
Bible  and  its  Interpretation,  or  an  Introduction  to 
the  Holy  Scriptures."  Dr.  Jones  has  done  himself 
great  credit  both  in  the  conception  and  e.xecution 
of  this  work.  It  will  do  for  the  Bible-loving  Welsh 
people  what  no  other  book  could.  There  was 
nothing  more  needed  in  the  vernacular  of  the  prin- 
cipality than  a  scholarly  treatise  on  Bible  exegesis, 
and  Dr.  Jones  has  supplied  the  need  in  a  manner 
that  cannot  fail  to  command  the  gratitude  of  every 
lover  of  the  Book  of  books  in  the  land.  Several 
other  minor  productions  have  been  issued  from  Dr. 
Jones's  pen  that  have  taken  a  high  place  in  his 
country's  literature :  ''  The  Church  of  Christ," 
being  the  inaugural  address  from  the  chair  of  the 
Welsh  Baptist  Union,  1870;  "  The  History  of  the 
Protestant  Reformation  in  Great  Britain,  with 
Special  Reference  to  Wales ;"  "Popery:  its  His- 
tory and  Characteristics,  with  the  Remedy  Against 
It,"  being  the  inaugural  address  from  the  chair  of 
the  Welsh  Baptist  Union  for  1877.  He  has  also 
written  many  essays  and  sermons  for  the  Welsh 
periodicals,  together  with  a  Commentary  on  Eccles- 
iastes  for  Mr.  Gee,  of  Denbigh's  family  Bible. 

Few  men  of  this  generation  have  done  more  to 
enlighten  and  elevate  their  countrymen  than  Dr. 
Hugh  Jones,  of  Llangollen.  His  writings  have  all 
been  of  a  sterling  character. 

Jones,  Rev.  Jenkin,  was  bom  about  1090,  in 
Wales,  and  he  came  to  this  country  in  1710.  He 
took  charge  of  the  First  church  of  Philadelphia, 
May  lo,  1746,  at  the  time  the  church  was  "  recon- 
stituted." Previous  to  that  time  the  Philadelphia 
body  was  only  a  branch  of  the  Lower  Dublin 
church,  and  of  it  Mr.  Jones  had  been  pastor  for 
twenty-one  years.     He  died  July  16,  1761. 

Mr.  Jones  was  "  a  good  man,"  and  performed 
valuable  service  to  his  church  and  denomination  ; 
he  was  the  cause  of  changing  the  marriage  laws 
of  the  colony,  so  that  "dissenting"  ministers  might 
celebrate  marriages  ;  he  built  a  parsonage  largely 
at  his  own  expense;  he  left  "a  legacy  towards 
purchasing  a  silver  cup  for  the  Lord's  table  which 
is  worth  £60.     His  name  is  engraven  upon  it." 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  an  eloquent  colored  Baptist 
minister,  long  pastor  of  the  First  African  Baptist 
church  in  Shreveport,  La.,  was  a  native  of  North 
Carolina,  and  came  to  Shreveport  under  the  pro- 
tection of  Deacon  John  N.  Howell  about  1S40.  He 
was  ordaiued  in   1856  by  a  Presbytery  consisting 


of  Dr.  W.  H.  Stokes,  George  Tucker,  Jesse  Lee, 
and  A.  J.  Rutherford.  In  the  early  part  of  the 
civil  war  a  law  was  passed  requiring  all  free  per- 
sons of  color,  not  natives,  to  leave  the  State.  Un- 
der the  operation  of  this  law  he  went  to  Ohio,  but 
his  loss  was  soon  felt,  and  it  was  known  that  he 
could  do  more  than  all  the  police  in  keeping  the 
Africans  in  order;  consequently  a  special  act  of 
the  Legislature  was  passed  inviting  his  return,  the 
terms  of  which  he  accepted,  to  the  great  joy  of  the 
people  of  both  races.  He  was  often  invited  to 
preach  to  the  whites,  and  always  drew  large  and 
interested  audiences.  He  died  in  1877,  much  re- 
gretted. 

Jones,  John  Emlyn,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  the 
town  of  Newcastle,  Emlyn,  Caermarthenshire, 
Wales,  on  the  8th  of  January,  1820,  and  died  at 
Ebbeo  Vale  on  the  18th  of  January,  1873.  He 
was  a  man  of  commanding  presence  and  oratorical 
ability.  He  was  editor  at  different  times  of  the  two 
leading  organs  of  the  Baptists  of  Wales.  He  was 
a  voluminous  contributor  to  various  Welsh  peri- 
odicals. He  translated  into  the  Welsh  language 
Gill's  Commentary  and  Hamilton's  Grammar,  and 
he  wrote  "  The  History  of  Great  Britain  for  the 
Past  Ilalf-Century."  During  the  last  years  of  his 
life  he  was  engaged  in  a  work  in  the  Welsh  lan- 
guage called  "  The  History  of  the  World,"  one  vol- 
ume of  which  was  published,  and  he  had  written 
about  half  of  the  other.  He  was  likewise  a  poet  of 
no  mean  order.  He  won  during  his  lifi'time  a  large 
number  of  prizes  for  poetical  compositions.  At 
the  Abergavenny  Eisteddfod,  in  1838,  he  was  in- 
vested with  the  degree  of  B.B.D.  (Bard  by  Privilege 
and  U.sage).  At  the  Denbigh  National  Eistedd- 
fod, in  1860,  he  won  the  chair,  with  the  accom- 
panying prize,  for  the  best  ode  on  the  "  Pentecost,"' 
also  at  Llanerchymedd  for  the  best  ode  on  ''  Time." 
Among  his  poetical  productions,  "'  The  Poor  Man's 
Grave"  is  regarded  for  its  pathos,  simplicity,  and 
heart-touching  effect  as  equal  to  anything  of  its 
kind  in  the  literature  of  the  country. 

Jones,  Judge  John  Richter,  the  eldest  son  of 
Rev.  Horatio  Gates  Jones,  was  born  in  Salem,  N.  J., 
Oct.  2,  1803,  and  was  educated  at  the  Gernmntown 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  from  tin-  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  the  year  1821.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Philadelphia  bar  Nov.  17,  1827.  For 
many  years  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  Philadelphia  County,  during 
which  time  he  lived  at  Roxborough.  On  retiring 
from  the  bench  he^ettled  in  Sullivan  Co..  Pa. 
AVhen  the  late  war  began  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty 
to  devote  himself  to  the  service  of  his  country,  and 
with  all  the  patriotic  ardor  of  his  renowned  grand- 
father, Rev.  David  Jones,  of  the  Continental  army, 
Judge  Jones  immediately  raised  a  regiment,  the 
58th  Penna.  Vols.,  of  which  he  was  commissioned 


JONES 


616 


JONES 


colonel.  He  sought  as  soon  as  possible  for  active 
8ervice,and  was  ordered  to  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  finally 
was  sent  to  Newbern,  N.  C,  where  he  soon 
achieved  much  renown  for  the  boldness  of  his  at- 
tacks, lie  did  not  know  what  fear  was,  and  hence 
sought  for  the  place  of  greatest  danger.  One  of  liis 
last  and  most  successful  marches  was  made  in  May, 
1863,  against  a  force  which  had  encamped  at  a 
place  called  Gum  Swamp.  He  had  placed  at  his 
command  a  number  of  regiments,  over  which  he 
exercised  the  power  of  acting  brigadier-general. 
After  a  long  and  arduous  march  he  succeeded  in  cap- 
turing the  whole  of  the  force  without  losing  a  single 
man.  But  the  song  of  victory  was  soon  changed 
into  a  wail  of  sorrow,  for  shortly  after  his  return 
to  camp  at  Newbern  his  troops  were  attacked,  and 
placing  himself  at  the  head  of  a  force  to  reconnoitre, 
he  was  suddenly  shot  through  the  heart,  and  died 
without  a  groan.  Most  truly  can  it  be  said  (if  him, 
Dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori.  Judge  Jones 
was  a  devout  Christian,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Lower  Merion  church.  He  was  a  classical  scholar, 
and  carried  with  hira  to  the  camp  his  Septuagint 
version  of  the  Old  Testament,  which  he  was  accus- 
tomed to  read  daily.  His  death  occurred  May  23, 
1863. 

Jones,  John  Taylor,  D.D.,  was  born  at  New 
Ipswich,  N.  H.,  July  16,  1802.  He  joined  the 
Congregational  church  in  Ashby,  Mass.,  when  he 
was  but  fifteen  years  of  age.  He  graduated  at  Am- 
herst in  1825,  and  studied  theology  at  Andover, 
where  his  views  underwent  a  change  on  the  mode 
and  subjects  of  baptism,  in  consequence  of  which 
he  thought  it  would  be  more  expedient  for  him  to 
complete  his  course  of  study  at  Newton.  He  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Malcom  in  1828,  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Federal  Street  church,  in 
Boston.  He  was  appointed  a  missionary  to  Bur- 
mah,  and  reached  Maulmain  in  February,  1861. 
He  immediately  addressed  himself  with  great  zeal 
to  his  missionary  work.  He  was  able  to  preach 
both  in  the  Burman  and  the  Taling  languages  be- 
fore many  months  had  elapsed.  Believing  that 
there  was  a  favorable  opportunity  to  preach  to  the 
Talings  in  the  kingdom  of  Siam,  it  was  decided  by 
the  board  that  Dr.  Jones  was  the  most  suit.able 
person  to  make  the  effort.  To  carry  out  this  pur- 
pose he  went  to  Bangkok.  Providence  soon  pointed 
out  to  him  what  was  to  be  his  special  mission  to 
Siam.  It  was  to  translate  the  New  Testament 
into  the  tongue  of  th.at  country.  He  engaged  in 
this  congenial  occupation  with»the  greatest  interest, 
and  completed  the  work  upon  which  he  had  set  his 
heart  in  October,  1843.  Meanwhile,  circumstances 
brought  him  to  his  native  land,  where  he  remained 
for  a  short  time,  and  then  returned  to  the  scene  of 
his  labors.  Again,  in  1846,  the  state  of  his  wife's 
health  led  to  another  visit.     He  spent  a  year  in 


this  country,  presenting  everywhere,  as  opportu- 
nity offered,  the  claims  of  foreign  missions  to  the 
churches,  and  in  1847  he  returned  to  his  post  of 
labor.  In  Bangkok  he  was  regarded  with  the 
highest  respect.  We  are  told  that  "  the  magis- 
trates, and  even  the  king,  did  not  hesitate  to  con- 
sult him  in  cases  of  difficulty."  He  continued  at 
his  favorite  work  as  a  translator,  and  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  many  books  which  he  hoped  would  be 
useful  to  the  natives.  In  the  summer  of  1851  he 
had  an  attack  of  dysentery,  which  so  prostrated 
him  that  he  died  September  13,  being  a  few  weeks 
over  forty-nine  years  of  age. 

His  associates  in  missionary  labor  place  Dr. 
Jones  very  high  on  the  list  of  those  who  have  de- 
voted themselves  to  the  services  of  Christ  in  the 
foreign  field.  His  great  work,  the  translation  of 
the  New  Testament  into  the  Siamese  language, 
says  Dr.  Dean,  "  compares  favorably  witli  the 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  ma<le  in  any  of 
the  Asiatic  languages,  including  the  life-work  of 
such  men  as  Carey,  Marshman,  Judson,  and  Mor- 
rison, and  their  worthy  successors."  He  adds,  "  I 
have  met  men  on  the  missionary  field  who  exhibited 
some  stronger  points  of  character,  and  some  par- 
ticular qualifications,  or  greater  fitness  for  mis- 
sionary usefulness,  but,  take  him  altogether,  I  have 
never  seen  his  equal,  and  among  more  than  a  hun- 
dred men  I  have  met  among  the  heathen,  I  would 
select  Dr.  Jones  as  the  model  missionary." 

Jones,  Jonathan,  A.M.,  principal  of  the  Uni- 
versity Female  Institute  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  was 
born  in  Chester  County  in  that  State,  June,  1845. 
His  early  education  was  received  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  county,  and  in  those  of  Reading, 
whither  his  family  removed  in  1860.  Here  he  was 
fitted  for  college,  but  he  did  not  enter  the  Univer- 
sity of  Lewisburg  until  1864,  having  previously  to 
this  time  served  in  the  late  war.  He  graduated 
from  college  in  1868  with  high  honors.  The  two 
succeeding  years  were  spent  in  Minnesota  in 
teaching  and  preaching.  In  the  summer  of  1870 
he  returned  to  Lewisburg,  having  been  elected  to 
take  charge  of  the  academy  connected  with  the 
university.  He  remained  here  until  1873,  when 
he  accepted  the  principalship  of  the  Classical  and 
Scientific  Institute  at  Mount  Pleasant,  AVestmore- 
land  Co.,  Pa.  Here  he  remained  five  years.  Al- 
though the  school  sustained  great  financial  losses 
during  that  time,  yet  there  was  a  steady  increase  in 
the  attendance,  largely  due  to  his  excellent  manage- 
ment. In  1878  he  accepted  the  principalship  of 
the  institute  at  Lewisburg, — the  ladies'  depart- 
ment of  the  university.  Since  his  election  to  this 
position,  the  board  of  curators  have  introduced  into 
the  school,  at  his  suggestion,  a  full  classical  course 
of  instruction.  The  institute  now  confers  on  young 
women  the  advantages  of  a  college,  and  it  is  the 


JOKKS 


617 


JONES 


determination  of  the  f)rincipal  to  keep  the  standard 
of  scholarship  equal  to  that  of  the  most  advanced 
institutions  for  women.  His  work  as  an  instructor 
is  in  the  line  of  psyohology,  ethics,  and  Greek. 

Jones,  Judge  J.  H.  C,  was  born  at  Rockville, 
Md.,  -July  31,  1X23.  lie  was  educated  at  the  Rock- 
ville Academy,  and  graduated  at  the  Columbian 
College  in  1841.  He  removed  to  King  and  Queen 
Co.,  Va.,  in  1842,  where  he  taught  school  two  years; 
lie  afterwards  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
))ar  in  1845.  lie  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Bruington  church  in  October,  1842,  of  which 
church  he  has  been  clerk  since  1861.  lie  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  Rappahannock  Association  in 
1863,  which  office  he  held  continuously  until  1869, 
when  he  was  elected  moderator  of  the  body,  to 
which  office  he  has  been  annually  re-elected  ever 
since.  He  also  fille<l  the  office  of  president  of  the 
Baptist  General  Association  of  Virginia  at  its  an- 
nual sessions  in  1875-76-7".  In  March,  1865,  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  counties  of  King  and 
Queen  and  Essex  in  the  house  of  delegates  of  Vir- 
ginia, but  the  failure  of  the  Confederate  cause 
shortly  afterwards  prevented  the  assembling  of 
the  body  to  which  he  was  elected.  He  represented 
the  counties  of  King  and  Queen  and  King  William 
in  the  house  of  delegates  under  what  was  then 
called  "  the  restored  government  of  Virginia," 
during  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature  of  1865-66 
and  1866-67.  In  April,  1870,  he  was  elected  by 
the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  under  the  new  consti- 
tution, just  then  adopted,  judge  of  the  County 
Courts  of  King  and  Queen  and  Middlesex,  and 
upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office,  Jan.  1, 
1874,  he  was  re-elected  by  the  same  body  judge  of 
the  County  Courts  of  King  and  Queen  and  King 
William  for  six  years,  which  office  he  holds  at  pres- 
ent. Judge  Jones  is  warmly  interested  in  every- 
thing pertaining  to  the  progress  of  the  denomina- 
tion. 

Jones,  J.  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Louisa  Court- 
House,  Va.,  Sept.  2."),  1836,  and  was  baptized  Aug. 
26,  1854,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Mechanicsville 
church,  Louisa  Co.  He  received  his  literary  and 
scientific  education  at  the  University  of  Virginia 
during  the  years  1855-59,  and  his  theological  edu- 
cation at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary. He  was  ordained  at  Charlottesville,  Va., 
June  10,  1860,  with  three  well-known  and  beloved 
brethren,  C.  II.  Toy,  J.  L.  Johnson,  and  J.  B.  Tay- 
lor. .Jr.,  all  college-mates  and  intimate  friends.  On 
July  3,  1860,  he  offered  himself  to  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sion Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  for 
appointment  as  missionary  to  Canton,  China,  was 
accepted,  and  had  made  arrangements  to  sail  in  the 
autumn  with  his  friend  (now  Rev.  C.  H.  Toy,  D.D.), 
who  was  under  appointment  for  Japan.  The  polit- 
ical troubles  of  that  year  caused  the  board  to  post- 
40 


pone  their  sailing,  and  the  war  finally  prevented 
it.  Dr.  Jones's  interest  in  foreign  missions  led 
him,  in  1860,  to  visit  many  of  the  Associations  and 


J.  WM.  JONES,  D.D.      . 

churches  to  stimulate  them  to  greater  zeal  in  be- 
half of  the  cause,  and  he  accomplished  much  good. 
During  the  winter  of  1860-61  he  became  pastor  of 
Little  River  church,  Louisa  Co.,  preaching  once  a 
month.  In  May,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  Confederate  army,  and  followed  its  varying  for- 
tunes from  Ilarpei-'s  Ferry  to  Appomattox  Court- 
Ilouse.  In  1862  he  was  made  chaplain  of  his  regi- 
ment, and  in  1863  missionary  chaplain  to  Gen.  A. 
P.  Hill's  corps ;  and  he  was  present  and  an  active 
participant  in  all  the  great  movements  and  battles 
from  Manassas  to  the  surrender.  Dr.  Jones  knew 
intimately  all  the  prominent  officers  in  the  Confed- 
erate service.  He  was  an  active  worker  in  those 
great  revivals  in  the  army  in  Virginia  in  which 
over  15,000  of  the  soldiers  under  Gen.  Lee  pro- 
fessed conversion,  baptizing  himself  520  soldiers, 
and  laboring  in  meetings  which  resulted  in  the 
conversion  of  at  least  2000.  In  1865  he  took  charge 
of  Go.shen  and  Lexington  churches,  Rockbridge 
Co.,  Va..  and  in  1866  devoted  himself  exclusively 
to  the  latter,  remaining  until  July,  1871.  His  ser- 
vices here  were  greatly  blessed.  During  his  six 
years'  pastorate  in  the  valley  he  baptized  200  per- 
sons, and  labored  in  meetings  in  which  250  others 
professed  conversion.  Dr.  Jones's  residence  in 
Lexington  opened  up  to  him  special  opportunities 
for  doing  good,  for  he  was  one  of  the  chaplains  of 
Washington  College,  of  which  Gen.  R.  E.  Lee  was 


JONES 


618 


JONES 


president,  and  also  gave  mucli  time  to  the  students  ! 
of  tlie  Virginia  Military  Institute,  where,  during 
one  session,  there  were  over  100  professions  of  con- 
version in  connection  with  a  series  of  prayer- 
meetings  which  he  conducted.  Of  those  whom  he 
baptiz<;il  wliile  at  Lexington,  eight  have  become 
useful  Baptist  ministers,  and  fifteen  clergymen  in 
other  denominations.  During  LSTl  he  acted  as 
agent  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary, laboring  mainly  in  Georgia  and  Alabama. 
In  1872  he  became  general  superintendent  of  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Sunday-School  and  Baptist  Board, 
and  held  the  position  until  June,  1874.  In  1875  he 
took  charge  iif  the  Ashland  Baptist  church,  of 
which  he  is  still  the  pastor.  Dr.  Jones  has  per- 
formed some  admirable  literary  work.  In  1874  he 
published,  through  the  Appletons,  of  New  York, 
"Reminiscences,  Anecdotes,  and  Letters  of  Gen. 
R.  E.  Lee,"  which  received  the  warmest  commen- 
dations of  critics  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
which  an  accomplished  scholar  designates  as  "one 
of  the  most  charming  semi-biographies  in  the  lan- 
guage." Of  this  work  20,000  copies  have  already 
been  sold.  lie  is  diligently  at  work  now  on  sev- 
eral historical  works,  among  which  are  a  "  Life  of 
Gen.  Stonewall  Jackson,"  and  a  "  History  of  the 
Revivals  in  tlie  Confederate  Army,"  the  latter  of 
which,  from  the  fact  that  he  was  actively  engaged 
in  them,  will  be  looked  for  with  eager  interest  by 
the  Christian  public.  He  is  also  at  the  present 
time  secretary  of  the  Southern  Historical  Society, 
and  editor  of  their  monthly  paper.  Dr.  Jones 
also  had  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 
"special  correspondents"  that  prepared  for  the 
newspapers  accounts  of  the  terrible  battle-scenes 
of  the  war.  One  who  knows  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  intimately  describes  him  as  "  a  noble  man 
every  way, — large  in  body  and  heart,  liberal  to  a 
fault,  the  truest  of  friends,  and  a  man  of  such 
strong  will  that  he  would  die  for  his  convictions  on 
any  point." 

The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  in  1874  by  the  AVashington  and  Lee  Univer- 
sity, Virginia. 

Jones,  Rev.  Miller,  A.M.,  was  liorn  July  3, 
1830,  in  Hilltown  Township,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  His 
father,  John  M.  Jones,  died  Nov.  30,  1830  ;  his 
mother,  Mary  Hines  Jones,  is  still  living,  in  her 
seventy-sixth  year.  Both  parents  were  baptized 
at  an  early  age  by  Rev.  Joseph  Matthias.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph 
H.  Kcnnard,  D.D.,  in  April,  1846.  lie  was  subse- 
quently licensed  by  the  Tenth  Baptist  church,  Phil- 
adelphia, to  preach  the  gospel  ;  graduated  from  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  in  1856,  and  from  the 
theological  department  in  1858  ;  ordained  as  a  Bap- 
tist minister  a  few  weeks  afterwards  by  a  council 
convened  by  the  Marcus  Hook  Baptist  church.  Pa, 


He  continued  pastor  of  this  church  for  three  years 
and  three  months,  and  was  greatly  prospered.  His 
second  pastorate  was  over  the  Bridgeport  Baptist 
church,  Montgomery  Co,,  Pa.,  and  continued  with 
most  encouraging  result.s  for  more  than  two  years. 
The  third  settlement  was  with  the  Moorestown. 
N.  J.,  Baptist  church,  which  continued  for  four 
years.  Here  a  most  delightful  and  extensive  re- 
vival was  enjoyed.  His  fourth  pastorate  was  with 
the  Marlton,  N.  J.,  Baptist  church,  which  contin- 
ued, with  many  tokens  of  divine  favor,  for  three 
years.  His  fifth  charge  was  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  Reading,  Pa.  Here  a  large  number  of 
conversions  occurred,  and  much  prosperity  was 
enjoyed,  but  a  call  coming  from  the  Bridgeport 
Baptist  church  to  assume  a  second  time  the  pastoral 
charge,  his  sixth  settlement  was  with  this  beloved 
church.  Here  a  steady  and  solid  growth  of  the 
church  was  enjoyed  during  the  eight  years  of  a 
very  happy  pastorate.  Jan.  1,  1880,  lie  entered 
upon  the  pastorate  at  Village  Green,  Pa.  A  Bap- 
tist church  has  since  been  organized  and  recognized. 
A  baptistery,  with  additional  rooms  for  the  conve- 
nience of  the  candidates,  is  now  being  constructed, 
and  the  whole  property  is  lieing  put  in  the  best 
repair  through  the  liberality  of  Mrs.  J.  P.  Crozer. 
The  prospects  for  growth  are  encouraging.  About 
300  persons  have  been  baptized  during  his  ministry. 
Jones,  Nathan  Levering,  A.M.,  of  Rox- 
borough,  Philadelphia,  Pa,,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1816,  and  was  a  son  of  Rev.  Horatio  Gates  Jones, 
D.D.  He  received  his  early  education  at  the  Rox- 
borough  Academy,  and  also  at  Haddington  College, 
and  was  one  of  its  first  students.  Before  gradu- 
ating he  entered  into  business,  and  located  at  Rox- 
borough,  in  the  lumber  trade,  which  he  continued 
to  pursue  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  When 
quite  young  he  joined  the  Lower  Merion  Baptist 
church,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor,  and  he  was 
a  constituent  member  of  the  Balligomingo  church. 
His  membership  was  finally  removed  to  Merion,  of 
which  church  he  was  a  deacon  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  Mr.  Jones  was  highly  esteemed,  and  was 
elected  to  many  offices  of  trust  and  honor.  He  was 
a  director  and  also  controller  of  the  public  schools 
of  Philadelphia,  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  German- 
town,  and  of  the  Germantown  Mutual  Insurance 
Company.  For  over  twenty  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Roxborough  Lyceum.  His  death,  which 
was  sudden,  occurred  on  Saturday  evening,  April 
19,  1879.  Asa  husband  and  father  he  was  loving 
and  affectionate,  as  a  neighbor  he  was  most  highly 
esteemed,  as  a  citizen  he  was  honored,  and  as  a 
Christian  he  was  devoted.  His  memory  is  highly 
cherished  in  the  community  where  he  had  so  long 
lived.  Mr.  Jones  for  several  years  was  active  in 
the  temperance  work,  and  as  a  public  man  exerted 
a  great  influence  in  that  direction  among  his  asso- 


JONES 


619 


JONES 


ciates.  He  was  also  lar<;ely  interested  in  the  cause 
of  education,  especially  of  ministerial,  and  was  a 
inanaj;er  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bajitist  Education 
Society.  In  their  obituary  report  for  1879,  the 
committee,  speaking  of  Mr.  Jones,  say,  "  He  was 
!i  man  of  considerable  prominence  in  tlie  commu- 
nity where  lie  was  born  and  lived.  He  filled  many 
positions  of  public  trust  with  a  fidelity  which  com- 
manded confidence  and  inspired  respect.  His 
memory  is  blessed  both  in  the  church  and  in  so- 
ciety, for  he  was  a  staunch  Christian  and  a  true 
and  noble  man."  The  honorary  degree  of  Master 
<if  Arts  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University 
at  Lewisburg. 

Jones,  Rev.  Philip  L.,  was  born  in  England  in 
1S38;  was  baptized  at  East  Clarence,  N.  Y.,  in 
1854  ;  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Rochester 
and  at  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  graduating 
from  the  latter  institution  in  1868  :  ordained  the 
same  year  at  Dunkirk.  X.  Y.  In  1871)  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  South  Broad  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  then  a  mission  of  the  First 
church.  He  still  continues  to  labor  in  this  field, 
which  has  quietly  and  steadily  grown  under  his 
efficient  and  faithful  ministry.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  board  of  managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
Education  Society,  and  was  for  several  years  the 
secretary  of  the  Philadelphia  Conference  of  Baptist 
ministers.  He  is  a  man  of  gentle  and  winning 
manners  ;  and  his  sermons  and  writings  are  clear, 
forceful,  and  poetic. 

Jones,  Rev.  Robert  B. — The  Baptists  of  North 
Carolina  have  produced  no  more  remarkable  man 
than  Robert  B.  Jones.  He  was  born  in  Person 
Co.,  N.  C. ;  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Mill 
Creek  church ;  went  as  a  soldier  to  Mexico,  to  get 
vid  of  the  duty  of  preaching:  fought  bravely  till 
the  army  reached  the  city  of  Mexico,  when  he  was 
pronounced  an  incurable  consumptive,  and  told  l)y 
the  surgeons  that  he  would  never  again  see  \ortli 
Carolina.  On  his  way  to  Vera  Cruz,  expecting  to 
die,  he  promised  the  Lord  that  if  he  would  allow 
him  to  reach  North  Carolina  again  he  would  preach 
us  much  as  he  wished.  From  this  time  he  began 
to  improve;  he  entered  AVake  Forest  College  in 
18.54,  but  after  studying  a  year  or  two  was  obliged 
to  leave  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  went  up  on 
the  Catawba  River  and  did  good  service  for  the 
Master,  and  in  1858  returned  to  college,  and  grad- 
uated in  ISf'il.  He  was  pastor  of  Hartford  church 
for  several  years,  became  agent  of  his  alma  mater 
in  lSt')ri-r)7,  and  died  at  the  college  in  December, 
ISCT. 

Jones,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  bom  .Jan.  14,  1735, 
in  Glamorganshire,  Wales,  and  was  brought  to 
this  country  two  years  afterwards  by  his  parents. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  graduated  in  176:2 ;  and  in  the  begin- 


ning of  the  next  year  he  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry of  the  gospel.  In  1763  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Lower  Dublin  Baptist  church,  and  he  held  that 
office  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Feb.  7,  1814. 


SAMUEL   JONES,  D.D. 

Dr.  .Jones,  if  not  superior  in  scholarly  attain- 
ments to  every  other  American  Baptist  of  his  day, 
was  equaled  by  few,  and  surpassed  by  none.  His 
wisdom  in  managing  difficult  matters  was  as  strik- 
ing as  his  learning  was  remarkable.  At  an  early 
period  of  his  life  he  became  the  most  influential  Bap- 
tist minister  in  the  middle  colonies,  and  probably 
in  the  whole  country.  Dr.  Jones,  when  a  young 
man,  was  sent  by  the  Philadelphia  Association  to 
Rhode  Island,  to  assist  in  founding  Rhode  Island 
College.  At  Newport  he  remodeled  the  rough 
draft  of  the  college  charter,  which  soon  after  ob- 
tained the  sanction  of  the  Legislature  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  prepared  a  new  treatise  of  discipline 
for  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  by  re- 
quest of  the  Association  in  1798.  Dr.  Jones.  Rev. 
David  Jones,  and  Dr.  Burgiss  Allison  compiled  a 
selection  of  hymns  for  the  use  of  the  churches.  In 
1807  he  preached  the  centenary  sermon  of  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  which  was  published 
with  the  volume  of  "  Minutes  for  One  Hundred 
Years,"  by  the  Baptist  Publication  Society.  His 
name  occurs  continually  in  the  minutes  of  the  As- 
sociation for  half  a  century,  as  moderator,  preacher, 
committeeman,  or  writer  of  the  circular  letter. 
"  Dr.  Jones  was  a  re.ady  writer  and  a  fluent  speaker ; 
he  was  a  large  and  firmly-built  man.  six  feet  or 
more  in   height,   and    in    every   way  well-propor- 


JONES 


620 


JOKES 


tioned.  His  face  was  the  very  image  of  intelli- 
gence and  good  nature,  which,  with  the  air  of  dig- 
nity that  pervaded  his  movements,  rendered  his 
appearance  uncommonly  attractive.'' 

He  educated  many  young  men  for  the  Christian 
ministry,  some  of  whom  attained  distinction  for 
their  talents,  learning,  and  usefulness. 

On  the  death  of  Dr.  Manning,  Dr.  -Jones  received 
a  letter  from  Judge  David  Howell  informally 
offering  him  the  presidency  of  Rhode  Island  Col- 
lege. Secretary  Howell  informed  him  that  "  the 
eyes  of  the  corporation  (of  the  college)  seemed  to 
be  fixed  on  him  for  a  successor  to  Dr.   Manning." 

This  great  and  good  man  was  largely  blessed  in 
his  ministry  ;  and  he  exerted  a  vast  and  useful 
influence  over  the  rising  Baptist  churches  of  our 
country. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas  Z.  R.,  was  born  in  the 
parsonage  of  the  Great  Valley  church,  Pa.,  July 
23,  18U3,  and  died  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  July  2. 
1.S76.  His  father  was  Rev.  Richard  Jones,  a  native 
of  Wales.  In  1835,  Brother  Jones  came  to  Michigan 
Territory  to  take  up  his  work.  Years  before  he 
had  selected  that  as  his  field  of  labor.  He  took 
the  right  wing  of  the  little  army  of  invasion  that 
was  strung  along  the  rivers  St.  Clair,  Detroit, 
Raisin,  and  Maumee.  Up  and  down  the  St.  Clair 
and  back  into  the  woods  wherever  a  settler  had 
pushed,  he  preached  in  the  wilderness  and  sought 
the  sheep.  There  he  nursed  his  sick,  and  buried 
the  members  of  his  young  family,  and  saw  the 
salvation  of  God.  The  China  church,  as  then 
called,  was  a  visible  result,  and  much  seed  for 
other  harvests  was  sown.  The  missionary  spirit 
thrusting  him  on,  he  reached  the  spiritual  solitude 
between  Jackson  and  Kalamazoo,  and  struck  in  on 
its  eastern  edge.  Spring  Arbor,  Concord,  Albion, 
Marengo,  and  Marshall  in  turn  responded  to  his 
work,  and  he  saw  the  churches  in  them  planted  and 
acquiring  growth,  and  watered  by  gracious  revivals. 
Then  he  struck  through  to  Grand  Rapids,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  and  best  master-builders  on  the 
Baptist  foundation  there.  He  went  to  Kalamazoo, 
from  which  he  has  gone  to  and  fro  in  his  agency  ser- 
vices, with  occasional  short  pastorates  so  mixed  in 
as  not  to  break  up  his  home,  where  so  many  youth 
of  the  schools  have  been  succored,  and  where  he 
still  lives.  All  older  Michigan  is  a  road  where  his 
wheels  have  made  and  worn  marks  as  he  sought 
supplies  for  domestic  mission  and  educational 
works;  also  for  our  societies  for  evangelization, 
foreign  as  well  as  home. 

His  sympathies  were  broad  as  human  want,  his 
contributions  from  the  smallest  of  incomes — with 
which  he  always  seemed  contented — were  constant 
and  liberal,  his  business  habits  painstaking  and 
just,  and  his  heart  sincere.  He  gave  forty-one  years 
of  good  and  faithful  work  to  Michigan. 


Jones,  T.  G.,  D.D.,  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
like  many  other  Virginians,  not  a  little  proud  of 
his  State.  His  father,  Wood  Jones,  of  Nottoway, 
was  a  relative  of  U.  S.  Senator  Jones,  and  of  John 


T.  G.  JONES,  D.D. 

Winston  Jones,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives ;  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Trent  Archer, 
of  Powhatan,  of  U.  S.  Senator  Wm.  S.  Archer,  and 
of  Branch  T.  Archer,  who  figured  conspicuously 
in  the  earlier  councils  of  Texas.  He  was  early 
doubly  orphaned,  his  mother  dying  when  he  was 
about  three  years  old,  and  his  father  a  few  months 
later.  In  his  boyhood  he  was  with  one  of  his 
brothers,  who  afterwards  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia  and  became  a  lawyer  of  distinction. 
When  about  eighteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Seminary,  now  Richmond  College. 
After  being  there  some  time  he  decided  to  devote 
himself  to  the  ministry,  and  was  licensed  by  the 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Richmond,  whose  pastor, 
the  late  revered  James  B.  Taylor,  had  a  few  years 
before  baptized  him.  Leaving  that  institution,  he 
entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  from  which, 
after  a  two  years"  course,  he  went  to  William  and 
Mary  College,  where  he  graduated.  Immediately 
after  taking  his  degree  he  went  to  Alabama,  and 
for  a  year  or  two  taught  a  few  hours  daily  in  a 
private  family,  devoting  the  rest  of  his  time  to 
theological  study  and  occasional  preaching.  Re- 
turning to  Virginia,  he  preached  for  a  few  months 
in  Clarksville,  on  the  North  Carolina  border: 
when,  although  not  yet  ordained  to  the  full  work 
of  the  ministry,  he  was  elected  the  first  pastor  of 


JONES 


621 


JONES 


the  Freemason  Street  church  of  Norfolk,  with 
which,  though  often  invited  to  more  prominent 
positions  in  the  larger  cities,  he  continued  until  the 
late  war,  when  he  was  compelled  to  leave.  He 
found  an  asylum  in  Baltimore  as  pastor  of  the 
Franklin  Sciuare  church.  When  the  war  closed  he 
was  recalled  to  Norfolk,  where  he  remained  until 
lie  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  Richmond  Col- 
lege. Continuing  at  the  head  of  that  institution 
for  several  years,  he  was  again  recalled  to  his  old 
charge  at  Norfolk.  About  ten  years  ago,  having 
been  elected  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
N'a.shville,  he  removed  to  that  city,  where  he  still 
resides.  Dr.  Jones  has  been  honored  by  the  col- 
leges. At  the  University  of  Virginia  he  was  the 
valedictory  orator  of  his  society,  and  received  the 
same  honor  upon  his  graduation  at  AVilliam  and 
Mary  College.  While  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Norfolk  he  was  elected  president  of  Wake  Forest 
College,  North  Carolina,  and  a  few  years  later, 
president  of  Mercer  University,  Ga.  Both  these 
appointments,  however,  he  felt  constrained  to  re- 
fuse from  his  reluctance  to  leave  his  first  beloved 
and  loving  charge.  Richmond  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.,  and,  as  already  stated, 
called  him  a  few  years  later  to  its  presidency. 
Closely  engaged  in  preaching  and  other  pastoral 
work,  he  has  not  written  much.  Still,  his  pen  has 
not  been  idle  altogether.  Besides  a  number  of  pub- 
lislied  addresses  before  literftry  and  other  bodies, 
unpublished  lectures,  and  papers  in  various  peri- 
odicals, he  has  written  three  small  Viooks,  the 
first  a  prize  essay,  on  "  The  Duties  of  Pastors  to 
Churches,"  which  was  published  in  Charleston  by 
the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  :  the  sec- 
ond on  the  ■'  Origin  and  Continuity  of  the  Bap- 
tist Churches,"  published  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society;  and  the  third  entitled '"  The 
Great  Misnomer,  or  the  Lord's  Supper,  miscalled 
the  Communion."  These  have  met  with  a  ready 
sale,  and  are  highly  commended.  Dr.  Jones  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  finest  pulpit  orators  of  the 
nation,  ami  highly  esteemed  by  his  charge  in  Nash- 
ville. 

He  has  been  for  several  sessions  one  of  the  vice- 
presidents  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
is  now  first  vice-president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  Simtliern  Ba])tist  Seminary.  He  is  possessed 
of  rare  dignity  of  manners,  fine  scholarship,  and  a 
blessed  record. 

Jones,  Washington  (son  of  William  0.  Jones), 
was  born  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  Jan.  5,  1818;  com- 
menced business  for  himself  in  his  native  place  in 
November,  1839;  was  a  director  of  what  is  now 
the  National  Bank  of  AVilmington  and  Brandy- 
wine  for  thirty  years,  of  which  he  was  elected 
president  in  1868,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  is  a  manager  of  the  Saving  Fund,  a  prosperous 


institution,  w^hose  object  is  to  help  the  poor  to  save 
their  earnings ;  was  prime  mover  in  the  introduction 
of  gas  into  the  city  in  18.50,  and  has  been  a  director 
of  the  gas  company  since  its  formation. 


WASHINGTO.V    JONES. 

The  emperor  Dom  Pedro,  of  Brazil,  when  in 
this  country  in  1876,  visited  the  factory  of  Mr. 
Jones,  by  whom  he  was  shown  through  the  estab- 
lishment and  the  various  processes  explained  to 
him.  He  seemed  much  pleased  with  the  operations 
and  took  extensive  notes. 

Mr.  .Jones  was  converted  in  1841,  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  on 
the  2d  of  January  in  that  year ;  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  the  church  July  9  of  the  same  year,  and 
president  of  the  board  April  26,  1860,  which  office 
he  held  until  1876,  when  he  resigned  ;  was  elected 
a  deacon  in  June,  18.5.3,  which  office  he  still  holds; 
was  treasurer  of  the  church  for  seventeen  years, 
and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school  fifteen 
years. 

In  1852  the  church  resolved  to  rebuild  in  a  new 
location,  and  Mr.  .Jones  was  made  chairman  of  the 
building  committee,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
erecting  their  present  handsome  and  commodious 
house  of  worship,  both  by  his  own  large  contribu- 
tions and  zealous  efforts  in  collecting  funds  from 
others.  Besides,  he  gave  much  time  and  personal 
attention  to  the  erection  of  the  edifice,  and  when  it 
was  completed  gave  his  individual  note  for  part  of 
the  debt  remaining  upon  it. 

Mr.  Jones  is  the  largest  contributor  to  the  funds 
of  the  church   of  which  he  is  a  member,  besides 


JOXEff 


JONE!? 


giving  for  missions  and  otlior  benevolent  olijects  at 
home  and  abroad,  lie  has  tlie  respect  of  tlie  wliole 
community  and  the  love  of  his  lirethren.  A  man 
of  piety,  he  is  active  in  church  work,  prompt  and 
faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his  Christian  duties, 
and  speaks  and  prays  with  great  acceptance  in  the 
pulilic  meetings  of  the  church  and  of  the  denomi- 
nation. 

Jones,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  the  county 
of  Denbigh,  in  Wales,  June  17,  1762.  When  young 
he  removed  to  Poulton,  in  Cheshire,  where  he  re- 
ceived a  classical  education.  In  October,  1780,  he 
was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Archibald  McLean,  of 
Edinburgh,  then  on  a  visit  to  Chester,  in  the 
river  Dee. 

In  1793  he  established  himself  in  Liverpool  as  a 
wholesale  bookseller  and  publisher.  In  that  city 
he  began  to  hold  meetings  in  his  own  spacious 
drawing-room,  at  first  for  his  own  family,  for 
prayer,  praise,  reading  the  Scriptures,  exhortation, 
and  exposition.  These  assemblies  were  speedily 
frequented  by  neighbors  and  others,  and  soon-  they 
were  transferred  to  a  chapel,  when  a  church  was 
formed,  and  Mr.  D.  S.  Wylie  and  Mr.  Jones  were 
appointed  pastors. 

Mr.  Jones  left  Liverpool  for  London,  and  in 
1S12,  soon  after  he  went  to  the  metropolis,  he  be- 
gan his  "  History  of  the  Waldenses  and  Albi- 
genses." 

In  1815  he  started  the  Kew  Evangelical  Mwja- 
zine,  in  London ;  this  periodical,  subsequently 
called  the  New  Baptist  Magazine,  was  conducted 
by  Mr.  -Jones  with  great  success  for  eleven  years. 

He  spent  three  years  in  preparing  a  ''  Dictionary 
of  the  Sacred  Writings,"  the  first  edition  of  which, 
consisting  of  2000  copies,  was  quickly  sold. 

His  Church  History,  of  which  his  "  History  of 
the  Waldenses  and  Albigenses"  is  not  quite  a  half, 
is  a  work  highly  creditable  to  the  research  and 
candor  of  its  author  and  worthy  of  a  conspicuous 
place  in  every  Baptist  Horary. 

Mr.  Jones  was  the  author  of  biographies  of 
Rowland  Hill,  Edward  Irving,  Adam  Clark,  and 
of  several  other  works. 

He  was  a  writer  of  great  industry  and  conscien- 
tiousness ;  and  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  his 
works  were  very  popular  among  Baptists. 

In  1843,  when  his  means  were  very  limited,  the 
queen  oflered  him  a  place  in  the  Charterhouse, 
where  all  his  wants  would  be  cared  for  during  the 
rest  of  his  life  ;  but,  as  the  acceptance  of  it  required 
him  to  become  an  Episcopalian,  he  declined  the 
royal  offer.  The  queen  on  learning  the  fact  or- 
dercj  £60  to  be  paid  Mr.  .Jones  in  three  annual 
installments.     He  died  in  January,  1846. 

Jones,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Wake  Co.. 
N.  C.  about  1800  ;  was  graduated  at  Wake  Forest 
in  1839,  and  for  many  years  was  the  agent  of  the 


State  Convention.  He  was  a  good  and  useful 
man. 

Jones,  William  G.,  was  born  in  AVilmington, 
Del.,  Sept.  3,  17N4  ;  was  baptized  April  3,  1803, 
upon  profession  of  his  faith,  in  the  Brandywine, 
by  Rev.  Daniel  Dodge,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church.  He  was  the  first  person  baptized  in  Wil- 
mington by  Mr.  Dodge,  who  afterwards  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  ]'hihi<U'lphia. 

About  1N12  he,  with  others,  united  in  the  organi- 
zation of  another  church,  which  disbanded  after  an 
existence  of  two  years.  He  then  united  with  the 
Marcus  Hook  church,  and  was  at  once  elected 
deacon.  For  yeai-s  he  walked  to  and  from  "  the 
Hook,"  a  distance  of  twenty  miles,  to  attend  the 
services  on  the  Sabbath. 

In  1843,  when  Rev.  Morgan  J.  Rhees  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  church,  Wilmington,  Mr. 
Jones  united  with  that  body,  by  which  he  was 
chosen  a  deacon.  He  retained  his  membership  and 
office  until  his  death,  Jan.  26,  1873.  He  died  in  the 
house  in  which  he  was  born,  and  in  which  he  lived 
nearly  all  his  life. 

Mr.  Jones  was  to  a  large  extent  identified  with 
the  Baptist  history  of  Delaware  and  Southeastern 
Pennsylvania.  His  house  was  a  home  for  minis- 
ters, and  among  the  many  eminent  men  who  en- 
joyed its  hospitalities  were  John  Leland,  Dr. 
Staughton,  Luther  Rice,  and  Dr.  J.  L.  Dagg. 

His  fidelity  to  truth  was  unswerving,  and  his 
business  integrity  unquestionable.  He  was  urbane 
even  in  old  age,  and  his  conversation  highly  en- 
tertaining and  instructive  to  the  young.  His  Chris- 
tian character  was  of  the  positive  type,  and  the 
conversion  of  most  of  his  children,  and  of  many  of 
his  grandchildren,  bears  testimony  to  his  domestic 
jiiety.  By  industry  and  economy  he  acquired  the 
pecuniary  means  which  he  used  to  support  and  ad- 
vance the  cause  of  Christ,  to  which  he  also  devoted 
his  time,  energies,  and  prayers. 

Jones,  Wm.  P.,  M.D.,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,was 
born  in  Adair  Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  17,  1819.  At  the  ago 
of  twenty  he  entered  the  Louisville  Medical  Insti- 
tute, and  subsequently  received  a  diploma  from  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio  and  the  Memphis  Medical 
College.  He  first  established  himself  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Edmonton,  Ky.,  afterwards 
removing  to  Bowling  Green,  and  finally  to  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Dr.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  Association  of  American  Superinten- 
dents of  Hospitals  for  the  Insane,  American  As- 
sociation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  Ten- 
nessee State  Medical  Society,  and  the  Medical 
Society  of  Davidson  County.  He  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Southern  Journal  of  the  Medical  and 
Physical  Sciences  in  1853,  and  for  several  years 
thereafter:  he  established  and   edited  the  Parlor 


JONES 


023 


JORDAN 


Visitor  in  1852,  and  in  1874  became  associate  editor 
of  the  Tennessee  School  Journal. 

In  1858  ho,  with  others,  founded  the  Shelby 
Medical  College,  in  which  he  was  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica. 

Academy  Hospital,  the  first  established  in  Nash- 
ville after   the  arrival  of  the  Union  forces,  was 


WILLIAM    p.    JONES,   M.D. 


under  his  charge.  In  1862  he  was  elected  super- 
intendent of  the  Tennessee  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 
Through  his  persistent  and  earnest  appeals  to  the 
State  Legislature  the  funds  were  provided  for,  and 
Dr.  Jones  had  the  pleasure  of  erecting  a  separate 
and  suitable  building  for  the  insane  colored  people, 
the  first  institution  of  the  Icind  in  America. 

The  affairs  of  the  State  institution  were  admin- 
istered fairly  and  impartially,  and  Dr.  Jones  was 
unanimously  re-elected  for  a  period  of  eight  years. 

In  1876  he  was  elected  president  of  Nashville 
Medical  College. 

The  people  have  frequently  demanded  his  public 
services,  and  he  has  rendered  them  witli  great  dis- 
tinction as  president  of  Nashville  city  council  and 
as  State  senator  from  Nashville.  While  acting  in 
the  last  capacity  he  was  made  chairman  of  the 
school  committee,  and  introduced  the  present  public 
school  law  of  Tennessee,  which  provides  equal  edu- 
cational advantages  for  all  the  children  of  the  State 
without  regard  to  race,  color,  or  previous  condition. 

Dr.  Jones  has  been  a  member  of  the  B.aptist 
church  since  1836,  and  he  is  now  president  of  the 
Tennessee  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  an  honor 
to  the  Baptists  in  Tennessee. 


Jordan,  Rev.  F.  IS..,  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  C,  June  4,  1830;  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Eli  Phillijis  in  1843  ;  went  to  Wake  Forest  College 
in  18.50,  ami  was  ordained  in  1853.  He  has  labored 
as  pastor  in  Orange,  Caswell,  Person,  and  Davidson 
Counties. 

For  the  last  six  years  Mr.  Jordan  has  given  him- 
self to  the  work  of  an  evangelist ;  1900  per.sons 
have  professed  faith  in  Christ  under  his  preaching. 
He  has  been  a  laborious  and  useful  minister  of  the 
gospel.  He  has  one  son  in  the  ministry,  W.  T. 
Jordan,  pastor  at  Luinlicrton. 

Jordan,  Hon.  O'Bryan,  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Concord  Association  formed  in  1823  at  Mount 
Nebo  church,  in  Cooper  Co.,  Mo.  He  was  ap- 
pointed clerk  of  the  Association  at  its  organization. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Mount  Nebo  church,  and 
in  1824  he  read  a  circular  letter  before  it  which  he 
had  prepared  upon  the  Scriptural  argument  for  the 
support  of  the  ministry.  The  reasons  were  clear 
and  convincing.  He  was  a  layman  of  remarkable 
devotion  and  purity  of  life.  He  was  for  years  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  from  Cooper  County, 
anil  he  came  out  unstained  by  the  corruptions  of 
politics. 

Jordan,  The.— From  'ly,  "yarad,"  to  descend; 
'■  the  river  of  God  ;''  probably  referred  to  in  Ps. 
Ixv.  9  ;  the  "  Descender,''  now  known  among  the 
Arabs  as  "  esh  Sheriah,"  the  watering-place.  Three 
main  sources  of  the  river  have  been  indicated  :  one 
at  Tell-el-Kadi,  the  site  of  the  ancient  Dan  of  the 
Israelites,  where  from  the  base  of  an  oblong  mound 
about  eighty  feet  above  the  plain  the  water  gushes 
out  in  rivulets  numerous  enough  to  form  a  consid- 
erable stream  ;  another,  a  little  northeast  of  this 
point,  at  Banias,  the  ancient  Caesarea  Philippi, 
where  the  stream  can  be  traced  to  a  cave, — itself 
the  outlet  of  a  more  remote _/bHs, — whence  it  flows 
by  a  subterranean  course,  and  reappears  a  consid- 
erable stream  a  short  distance  from  the  grotto.  The 
third  leading  source  of  the  river  may  be  found, 
according  to  Lieut.  Lynch,  U.S.N.,  a  short  distance 
above  the  town  of  Ilasbeiyeh,  where  two  copious 
streams  burst  from  the  base  of  a  precipitous  wall 
of  rock,  the  immediate  source  of  tlie  river  Ilasbei- 
yeh, which  Lieut.  Lynch  regards,  however,  as  the 
Irne  Jordan,  rather  than  as  a  tributary  only. 

From  Tell-ol-Kridi  the  river  flows  for  a  few  miles 
down  the  fertile  v.alley,  till  it  expands  into  Lake 
Ilftleh,  "  the  waters  of  Merom"  of  Scripture,  and 
about  nine  miles  below  this  pours  itself  into  the 
"  Sea  of  Galilee."  It  emerges  from  the  lake  at  its 
southern  end,  and  finally  buries  itself  in  the  Dead 
Sea.  Lieiit.  Lynch,  who  gives  us  the  natural  history 
of  the  river  and  the  region  through  which  it  passes, 
speaks  of  it  nt  one  stage  of  its  course  as  describing 
"  a  series  of  frantic  curvilinears,  and  returning  in 
a  contrary  direction  to  its  main  course.''     Between 


JORDAN 


624 


JORDAN 


the  Lake  of  Tiberias  and  the  Dead  Sea,  distant  in 
latitude  only  about  60  miles,  the  river  describes  a 
course  of  fully  2()0  miles,  throush  a  valley  aver- 
aging but  4  or  5  miles  in  width.  The  same  au- 
thority represents  it,  in  this  part  of  its  course,  as 
ranging  from  3  to  12  feet  in  depth,  and  in  width 
from  25  to  180  yards,  where  it  pours  into  the  Dead 
Sea. 

As  "  the  Jordan''  or  "  Descender,"  the  river  is 
most  appri)pri;itoly  named.  From  the  Lake  of  Ti- 
berias to  its  final  outlet  in  the  Dead  Sea  its  descent 
is  over  1000  feet  in  the  short  distance  of  CO  miles. 
As  a  consequence,  the  American  explorers  en- 
countered during  the  passage  of  the  river  between 
these  points  no  less  than  twenty-seven  threatening 
rapids,  many  others  of  lesser  note,  and  numerous 
cascades  and  waterfalls.  By  its  annual  inunda- 
tions the  river  appears  to  have  burrowed  out  a 
channel  above  the  one  it  oi-dinarily  pursues,  so  that 
for  a  considerable  p.art  of  its  course  there  are  plain 
indications  of  terraced  or  double  banks.  For  some 
distance  below  the  Lake  of  Tiberias,  Lieut.-  Lynch 
found  a  luxuriant  vegetation  along  its  borders, 
while  in  patches  here  and  there  the  valley  lx)re 
traces  of  careful  cultivation.  But  the  lower  Ghor, 
until  the  stream  was  lost  in  the  Salt  Sea,  presented 
a  picture  of  dreary  sterility,  and  almost  savage 
desolation.  Tracks  of  the  tiger  and  boar  were 
clearly  discerned,  where  the  banks  of  the  river  were 
low  enough  to  furnish  a  thicket  for  their  lair. 
Numerous  small  islands,  a  number  of  tributaries, 
and  the  remains  of  several  bridges  of  Roman  and 
Saracenic  architecture  were  passed  in  the  descent 
of  the  river.  But  little  need  be  said  of  the  fords. 
There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  at  any  time 
more  than  three  or  four  places  where  the  river 
could  be  safely  forded  when  swollen  after  the 
winter  rains.  But  two  fords  of  any  importance  are 
indicated  by  explorers. — one  at  a  point  now  known 
as  Sakwa.  in  line  with  the  road  from  NablOs  to 
Es-Salt ;  the  other,  about  five  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  and  over  against  Jericho,  now  desig- 
nated '-El-Meshra,"  tlie  Pilgrim's  Bathing-Place. 
Boats  may  have  bemi  anciently  used  in  crossing  the 
river,  but  as  an  appliance  now  in  going  from  bank 
to  bank  they  are  unknown.  The  course  of  the 
stream  at  times  is  between  high  banks  of  rock  or 
alluvium  :  at  other  points,  on  one  or  both  sides,  they 
recede  from  the  river,  and  in  such  cases  are  covered 
with  thicket  or  jungle. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  dwell  at  length  on  the  cir- 
cumstances and  incidents  that  lend  such  a  peculiar 
and  sacred  interest  to  this  river,  or  even  to  enu- 
merate all  of  them.  The  Jordan  was  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Promised  Land.  Josh.  i.  11.  Abra- 
ham sojourned  at  a  point  where  the  fertile  valley 
through  which  the  river  coursed  could  be  seen. 
Gen.  xiii.  3.     Jacob,  when  he  went  into  his  long 


exile,  crossed  it  with  his  staff  alone,  and  recrossed 
it  when  he  returned  as  two  bands.  Gen.  xxxii.  10. 
Ilis  descendants,  as  they  terminated  their  long  wil- 
derness pilgrimage,  passed  dry-shod  through  its 
waters.  Josh.  iv.  10.  Elijah  and  Elislia  succes.s- 
ively  smote  it  with  their  mantles,  and  it  divided 
for  their  passage.  2  Kings  ii.  8  and  14.  Naaman 
dipped  in  it  and  was  cleansed  of  his  leprosy.  2 
Kings  V.  14.  And  last  of  all  it  was  the  stream  where 
not  only  "  all  Judea  and  Jerusalem"  were  baptized 
by  John  (JIatt.  iii.  5,  C),  but  the  Lord  himself,  v. 
16.  Here  the  interest  of  the  sacred  river  filly  cul- 
minates. Enon,  near  to  Salem  {.John  ili.  23),  where 
the  Baptist  in  his  later  ministry  baptized,  eannot 
now  with  absolute  certainty  be  identified.  It  ap- 
pears, however,  most  probably  to  have  been  situated 
at  a  point  a  few  miles  below  the  ancient  Bethshean. 
now  Beisan,  near  or  at  one  of  the  fords  of  the  river, 
and  where,  either  from  the  depth  or  quantity  of 
water,  or  the  nature  of  its  banks,  there  were  the 
desired  facilities  for  the  administration  of  baptism. 
Whatever  the  uncertainty,  however,  attending  the 
site  of  Enon,  manifold  and  unbroken  tradition 
points  to  the  ford  nearly  opposite  Jericho,  and 
about  five  miles  from  the  Dead  Sea,  as  the  place 
hallowed  by  the  baptism  of  the  Messiah.  Above 
and  below  this  locality,  now  known,  as  intimated, 
as  "  the  Pilgrim's  Bathing-Place,"  the  river  flows 
through  alluvial  banks  of  considerable  height,  but 
at  this  point  the  western  line  of  the  stream  forms  a 
cove,  where  the  strand  and  a  convenient  depth  for 
immersion  or  bathing  is  at  once  reached  by  a 
gradual  and  easy  descent.  In  the  narrative  of  his 
expedition,  Lieut.  Lynch,  who  was  an  eye-witness, 
describes  the  annual  ceremony  of  the  baptism  of 
the  pilgrims.  On  this  occasion,  from  5000  to  SOOO 
of  them  having  come  down  from  Jerusalem,  plunged 
tumultuously  into  the  stream,  immersing  them- 
selves and  each  other  three  times,  in  the  name  of 
the  Trinity.  At  this  point  he  describes  the  river 
iis  120  feet  wide  and  12  feet  deep,  the  current  dan- 
gerously swift,  as  the  writer  of  this  article  himself 
discovered  when  bathing  in  the  river  but  a  few  feet 
from  the  banks.  Tradition  locates  the  ancient 
Bethabara,  "  the  House  of  the  Ford  or  Passage," 
at  a  point  near  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river,  and 
opposite  the  Pilgrim's  Bathing-Place. 

Jordan,  Rev.  William  Hull,  w.as  Iwrn  in  Bertie 
Co.,  N".  C.  Aug.  15,  1803.  His  mother  afterwards 
married  the  Rev.  Mr.  Poindexter,  and  by  him 
became  the  mother  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Poindexter,  and 
to  the  piety  and  force  of  character  of  this  good 
woman,  who  consecrated  her  sons  to  God's  service 
at  their  birth,  is  our  Southern  Zion  indebted  for 
two  of  the  ablest  and  most  eloquent  ministers  who 
have  distinguished  her  annals.  Mr.  Jordan  was 
educated  at  Chapel  Ilill,  professed  a  hope  in  Christ 
on  the  9th  of  December,  1823,  preached  his  first 


JOSLYN 


625 


JUDSON 


sermon  on  the  2ith  of  December  of  the  same  year, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Reuben  Lawrence,  Jan. 
25,  1824.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Mr.  Jordan 
was  induced  by  the  pressure  of  his  brethren  to 
preach  before  he  was  baptized.  This  has  always 
been  a  source  of  sincere  sorrow  to  him,  but  it  may 
be  doubted  whether  it  should  be,  since  it  is  said  a 
great  revival  began  from  his  preaching,  spreading 
over  several  counties,  and  resulting  in  the  conver- 
sion of  20(J0  souls.  Besides  serving  a  number  of 
churches  in  the  country,  Mr.  Jordan  has  been  pas- 
tor of  churches  in  Raleigh,  AV'ilniington,  Lilesville, 
and  AViulesborough,  N.  C,  Clarksville  and  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  Norristown,  Pa.,  and  Sumter,  S.  C. 
He  was  for  a  long  time  the  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  was  twice  agent 
for  Wake  Forest  College,  giving  his  time  and  money 
for  its  relea.se  from  financial  distress,  and  has 
worked  faithfully  for  its  prosperity  as  a  trustee. 
Mr.  Jordan  calls  himself  a  high-church  Baptist, 
and  has  spent  no  small  part  of  his  life  in  vindi- 
cating by  voice  and  pen  Baptist  and  Calvinistic 
principles.  He  is  a  very  devout  man  and  a  sin- 
gularly eloquent  )iroaclier. 

Joslyn,  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson,  during  many 
years  a  denominational  leader  in  Illinois,  and  one 
of  the  most  effective  preachers  in  the  State,  was 
born  Oct.  5,  1819.  lie  was  baptized  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  years,  uniting  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Xunda,  N.  Y.,  where  his  early  life  had  been  spent. 
He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1838,  settling  at  Crystal 
Lake,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  where  his 
first  occupation  was  that  of  a  farmer.  Drawn  to 
the  ministry  by  his  ardent  love  for  tlie  cause  of 
Christ,  he  had  a  partial  course  of  study  with  a  neigh- 
boring pastor.  His  tirst  pastorate  was  at  M'arrens- 
ville,  where  he  was  ordained  in  1842.  After  two 
years  he  removed  to  Elgin,  where  he  remained  eleven 
years.  In  1855  he  accepted  an  agency  for  Shurt- 
leff  College,  and  in  that  form  of  labor,  as  well  as 
in  efforts  of  a  like  kind  in  behalf  of  the  University 
of  Chicago,  be  rendered  important  service  in  the 
cause  of  education.  In  November,  1856,  he  organ- 
ized the  Union  Park  church  in  Chicago,  and  became 
its  first  pastor,  remaining  in  that  relation  three 
years.  His  health  having  become  impaired,  he  re- 
turned to  his  old  home  in  Elgin,  and  purchasing 
the  Gazdte  in  that  city,  entered  upon  jouriuilism, 
holding  at  the  same  time  the  otEce  of  postmaster 
of  the  town ;  in  the  mean  time  preaching  for  desti- 
tute churches  as  his  state  of  health  would  allow. 
The  disease  which  had  begun  its  inroads  continued 
TO  make  progress  in  spite  of  all  efforts  to  check  it. 
He  lingered,  however,  until  Oct.  9,  1868,  when  his 
labors  and  sufferings  ended  in  rest.  Mr.  Joslyn 
was  an  ardent  friend  of  reform,  an  outspoken  tem- 
perance man,  always  bold,  direct,  and  effective  in 
his  advocacy  of  whatever  cause  enlisted  his  zeal. 


In  his  relations  with  his  brethren  he  was  an  ac- 
knowledged leader,  with  marked  executive  ability 
and  rare  ]iowcrs  of  public  s(>eech. 

Journal  and  Messenger. — The  first  number  of 
a  paper  called  the  Baptist  Weekly  Journal  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  was  issued  at  Cincinnati,  O., 
July  22,  1831.  John  Stevens,  D.D.,  was  the  editor, 
and  Xoble  S.  Johnson  publisher.  It  was  a  folio.  20 
by  13  inches  to  the  page,  and  the  subscription  price 
was  S2.00  in  advance  or  $3.(X)  at  the  end  of  the 
year.  It  had  in  three  years  a  subscription  list  of 
1300.  In  1834  the  Cross,  the  Baptist  paper  of 
Kentucky,  was  united  with  it,  and  it  became  The 
Cross  and  Baptist  Journal  of  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley. At  the  end  of  seven  years  it  was  removed  to 
Columbus,  and  Rev.  George  Cole,  D.  A.  Randall, 
D.D.,  and  James  Batchelder  became  the  editors  and 
publishers,  the  name  being  changed  to  The  Cross 
and  Journal.  This  name  was  subsequently  still 
further  changed  to  the  Westei-n  Christian  Journal. 
In  1850  The  Christian  J/e^scH^er,  of  Indiana,  having 
been  united  with  it,  it  was  removed  again  to  Cincin- 
nati, and  called  the  Journal  and  Messenger,  Rev.  B. 
D.  Owen  and  J.  L.  Batchelder  being  the  editors  and 
publishers.  In  December,  1856,  a  stock  company 
was  formed  called  the  Central  Baptist  Press  Com- 
pany, which  bought  out  the  interest  of  the  former 
publishers,  and  Rev.  George  Cole  again  became 
editor,  continuing  in  that  capacity  until  1865,  when 
Rev.  T.J.  Melish  succeeded  him.  In  1867  the  form 
was  changed  from  folio  to  quarto.  In  1872,  Rev. 
J.  R.  Baumes,  D.D.,  became  the  editor,  with  Rev. 
W.  X.  AVyeth  as  associate  editor.  In  1876,  having 
purchased  all  the  stock  and  the  entire  interest  of 
the  paper,  Rev.  G.  W.  Lasher,  D.D.,  became  editor 
and  proprietor,  and  so  continues  until  the  present 
time.  The  present  form  of  the  paper  is  a  large 
quarto,  47  by  35  inches.  In  its  circulation  it  ranks 
fourth  among  the  Baptist  papers  of  this  country. 
It  is  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Baptist  principles, 
and  is  very  enterprising  in  gathering  denomina- 
tional news. 

Jndd,  Rev.  J,  T.,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
in  Toronto  Nov.  29,  1851,  and  became  a  graduate  of 
Columbian  University,  D.  C,  in  1872,  and  of  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  in  its  full  course  in  1875. 
He  was  ordained  at  the  call  of  the  Ilarrisburg 
church  Sept.  2,  1875.  In  this  church  he  has  re- 
mained ever  since,  and  has  succeeded  where  many 
others  have  failed.  The  church  has  become,  after 
many  years  of  painful  struggling,  a  self-supporting 
body.  Better  still,  it  has  developed  the  Christian 
grace  of  benevolence  to  a  remarkable  degree. 

Judson,  Adoniram,  D.D.,  the  eldest  son  of 
Adoniram  and  Abigail  Judson,  was  born  in  Mai- 
den, Mass.,  Aug.  9,  178S.  In  the  sixteonth  year 
of  his  age,  being  sufficiently  advanced  in  his  studies, 
he  entered  the  Sophomore  class  in  Brown  Univer- 


JUDSON 


G2G 


JUDSON 


sity,  becoming  a  member  of  the  institution  on  the 
17tli  of  August,  1S04.  He  graduated  in  1S07  with 
the  highest  lionors  of  his  class.  At  the  time  of 
leaving  college  he  was  inclined  to  be  skeptical  in 
his  religious  opinions.  The  sudden  death  of  a 
classmate,  under  circumstances  of  peculiar  inter- 
est, was  the  means  of  arresting  his  thoughts  and 
putting  him  upon  a  course  of  serious  examination 
(if  the  claims  of  religion  to  his  personal  attention. 
P'or  the  purpose  of  pursuing  his  inquiries,  he  was 
ailmitted  .is  a  "special  student"  into  the  Andover 
Theological  Institution.  He  soon  became  a  hope- 
ful Christian,  and  was  received  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Third  Congregation.al  chui-ch  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  of  which   his  father  was  the  pastor,  on  the 


ADONIRAM   JUDSON^,  D.D. 

28th  of  May,  1 809.  Regarding  himself  now  as  not 
his  own  but  the  Lord's,  he  began  to  seek  for  light 
upon  the  pathway  of  his  future  career.  The  result 
of  his  prayerful  deliberation  was  the  determination 
reached,  in  February,  1810,  to  consecrate  himself  to 
the  work  of  foreign  missions.  In  the  seminary  he 
found  other  young  men  of  kindred  spirit,  whojoined 
with  him  in  urging  upon  the  Christian  churches 
the  claims  of  the  heathen.  The  zeal  and  earnest- 
ness of  these  students  gave  power  to  the  spirit  of 
missions,  which  had  already  been  aroused  in  the 
hearts  of  Christians.  That  honored  society,  the 
American  Board  of  Commission'ers  for  Foreign 
Missions,  was  formed  June  2S,  ISIO.  Mr.  Judson 
had  been  licensed  on  the  17th  of  May  previous  by 
the  Orange  Association  of  Congregationalist  min- 
isters, in  Vermont.     September  24  of  this  year  lie 


graduated  at  Andover.  Soon  after  his  graduation 
he  was  sent  to  England  by  the  American  Board  to 
confer  with  the  London  Missionary  Society  on  the 
matter  of  combining  the  efforts  of  the  two  societies 
in  the  work  of  carrying  the  gospel  to  the  heathen. 
He  embarked  Jan.  1,  1811,  in  the  ship  "Packet." 
The  vessel  had  not  been  long  at  sea  when  she  was 
captured  by  the  French  privateer  "  L'Invineible 
Napoleon,"  and  carried  to  Bayonne  in  France, 
where  he  was  immured  in  a  dismal  dungeon.  From 
his  short  confinement  he  was  soon  released,  and, 
after  various  adventures,  he  reached  England,  pre- 
sented his  credentials,  and  was  cordially  received 
by  the  Christian  friends  to  whom  he  had  been  com- 
mended, lie  and  his  fellow-students,  Newell,  Nott, 
and  Hall,  were  appointed  by  the  London  Mission- 
ary Society  as  missiimaries  in  India,  with  the  ex- 
pectation that  their  pecuniary  support  would  bo 
provided  for  by  the  friends  of  missions  in  America. 
The  object  for  which  he  was  sent  to  England  having 
been  accomplished,  Mr.  Judson  returned  to  this 
country.  The  board,  after  mature  deliberation, 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  wiser  course  to 
pursue  was  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  missions  in- 
dependently of  any  other  organiz.ation,  and  they 
accepted  as  their  missionaries  the  four  young  men, 
and  pledged  themselves  to  see  that  they  were  sup- 
ported in  the  undertaking  upon  which  they  had 
embarked.  Mr.  Judsou,  with  his  wife,  Ann  Ilas- 
seltine  Judson,  and  Messrs.  Nott,  Newell,  Hall,  and 
Rice,  sailed  Feb.  19,  1812,  from  Salem,  Mass.,  and 
reached  Calcutta  the  17th  of  the  following  June. 
During  the  voyage  Mr.  Judson's  views  on  the  mode 
and  subjects  of  baptism  underwent  a  change,  and, 
on  re.iching  Serampore,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
William  AVard,  Sept.  6,  1812.  This  event  severed 
his  connection  from  the  American  Board  of  Com- 
missioners for  Foreign  Missions,  and  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  Baptist  Triennial  Convention,  on 
the  18th  of  May,  1814,  under  whose  patronage  Mr. 
Judsiin  and  his  Baptist  associates  were  taken.  .After 
experiencing  months  of  hardship,  on  account  of  the 
hostility  of  the  East  India  Company,  who  opposed 
the  establishment  of  his  mission  in  India,  Mr.  Jud- 
son decided  to  commence  his  work  among  the  Bur- 
mese. On  the  I4th  of  July,  1813,  he  reached  Ran- 
goon, and  began  at  once  the  study  of  the  language. 
It  was  a  formidable  task,  and  taxed  all  his  powers 
to  accomplish  it.  At  nearly  the  end  of  his  five 
years'  residence  in  Rangoon  a  rayat  was  built,  and 
opened  with  appropriate  religious  services,  and  Mr. 
Judson  made  this  place  his  religious  headquarters. 
Inquirers  began  to  visit  him.  and  he  had  the  satis- 
faction of  baptizing  the  first  convert  to  the  Chris- 
tian faith,  Moung  Nau,  on  the  27th  of  June,  1819. 
No  sooner,  however,  did  there  appear  some  signs 
of  success  than  a  spirit  of  opposition  began  to  be 
awakened,  and  Mr.  Judson  had  reason  to  fear  that 


JUDSOX 


627 


JUDSON 


his  work  would  be  stopped  by  the  arm  of  the  civil 
power.  With  the  hope  of  securirif;  toleration,  lie 
went  to  Ava  witli  Mr.  Colman,  and  sought  pernii.s- 
sion  to  preach  the  new  faith  in  Burmali.  ]5ut  the 
king  would  not  grant  the  request,  and  they  re- 
turned to  Rangoon,  and  continued  the  prosecution 
of  their  mission  work  regardless  of  the  opposition 
which  had  been  awakened.  Mr.  Judson  devoted 
himself  especially  to  the  translation  of  the  Scrip- 
tures and  the  preparation  of  religious  tracts,  to  be 
circulated  among  the  people. 

We  have  now  reached  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing periods  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Judson.  Dr.  Price, 
who  had  arrived  at  Rangoon  in  December,  1821, 
was  summoned  to  the  court  of  the  king,  in  his 
capacity  as  a  phj'sician,  and  it  was  necessary  that 
Jlr.  Judson  should  accompany  him.  Ilis  recep- 
tion was  favorable,  and  he  had  more  than  one 
opportunity  to  proclaim  the  gospel  to  the  members 
of  the  royal  familj-.  The  prospect  for  usefulness 
seemed  so  bright  that  he  returned  to  Rangoon  for 
Mrs.  -Judson,  bringing  her  back  to  Ava,  and  began 
his  missionary  work,  enonuraged  by  the  hope  of 
greater  success  in  his  labors.  But  this  hope  was 
destined  soon  to  meet  with  utter  disappointment. 
War  broke  out  between  England  and  Burmah. 
Rangoon  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  on  the 
l'3d  of  May,  1S24,  and  the  tidings  of  its  capture 
reached  the  capital  two  weeks  after.  The  jealous 
Burmau  officers,  regarding  Dr.  Price  and  Mr.  Jud- 
son as  spies,  caused  them  to  be  arrested  and  thrown 
into  a  loathsome  jail,  where,  for  nine  months,  they 
were  kept  in  the  closest  and  most  barbarous  con- 
finement. They  were  then  sent  to  a  wretched 
place  called  Oung-pen-la,  where  they  were  ordered 
to  be  put  to  death.  The  sentence,  however,  was 
not  carried  into  execution.  With  the  continued 
success  of  the  English  arms,  the  fears  of  the  king 
and  his  court  became  so  aroused  that  negotiations 
were  entered  into,  in  which  Mr.  Judson  took  a 
prominent  part,  and,  as  one  of  the  results,  he  ol)- 
tained  his  freedom.  As  soon  as  practicable  he  left 
Ava,  and  once  more  returned  to  Rangoon,  and  soon 
removed  with  his  family  t<i  Amherst,  designed  hence- 
forth to  be  the  capital  of  British  Burmah.  For  sev- 
eral months  he  was  occupied  with  the  English  com- 
missioner, Mr.  Crawford,  at  Ava,  in  negotiating 
with  the  Burman  government  a  commercial  treaty. 
During  his  absence  Mrs.  Judson  died  at  Amherst, 
Oct.  24,  1826.  Dr.  Judson  removed  to  Maulmain 
Nov.  14,  1827,  and  enterc<i  once  more  upon  his 
missionary  work,  which  he  carried  on  in  Maul- 
main, Prome,  Rangoon,  and  other  localities,  and 
he  became  especially  interested  in  the  conversion 
of  the  Karens.  On  April  10,  1834,  he  married  Mrs. 
Sarah  Boardiiian. 

For  many  years  Dr.  Judson  devoted  a  part  of  his 
time  to  the  translation  of  the  Scriptures  into  the 


Burmese  language,  and  the  compilation  of  a  Burmese 
dictionary.  On  the  last  day  of  January,  1834,  the 
closing  page  of  the  now  wholly  translated  Bible 
was  written  by  Dr.  Judson.  Many  years  were 
given  to  the  careful  revision  of  this  work.  In  its 
completed  state  it  is  pronounced  by  competent 
judges  to  be  nearly  perfect.  For  several  years 
Dr.  Judson  kept  up  his  missionary  labors,  the 
blessing  of  God  accompanying  him  in  his  toil. 
The  failing  health  of  Mrs.  .Judson  forced  him,  in 
1X4.5,  to  leave  Burmah  for  America.  She  died  at 
St.  Helena,  where  she  was  buried.  Dr.  Judson 
continued  his  voyage,  and  reached  Boston  in  the 
month  of  October.  During  his  stay  in  this  country 
he  was  everywhere  the  recipient  of  the  kindest  at- 
tentions, and  when,  after  a  few  months  of  residence 
in  this  country,  he  returned  to  his  Oriental  home, 
with  the  third  wife,  who  was  to  share  his  fortunes, 
the  prayers  of  thousands  of  Christian  hearts  fol- 
lowed him.  "  It  was  no  sectarian  adulation  of- 
fered to  a  distinguished  name,  but  rather  the  nat- 
ural homage  which  Christian  civilization  pays  to 
thecause  of  Christian  philanthropy, — theinstinctive 
admiration  of  an  intelligent  and  religious  people  for 
the  character  of  one  who  has  proved  himself  a  great 
benefactor  of  mankind."'  After  this  visit  of  Dr. 
Judson  to  his  native  land  a  few  more  years  were 
allotted  to  him  to  render  service  to  the  cause  to 
which  he  had  given  so  large  a  part  of  his  life.  He 
hoped  to  live  long  enough  to  complete  the  Burmese 
dictionary,  and  was  busily  engaged  in  its  prepara- 
tion when  he  was  attacked  by  the  fever  of  the  coun- 
try, which  completely  prostrated  him.  A  sea-voy- 
age was  recommended.  The  vessel  sailed  April  8. 
and  four  days  after  he  died,  and  his  body  was  com- 
mitted to  the  deep. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine,  the  first  wife 
of  Dr.  .Judson,  was  born  in  Bradford,  Mass.,  Dec. 
22,  1789.  She  received  her  early  education  at  the 
academy  in  her  native  place.  Her  conversion  took 
place  when  she  was  not  far  from  seventeen  years 
of  age.  The  interest  which  she  exhibited  for  re- 
ligious reading  of  the  most  elevated  character  was 
remarkable  in  a  person  comparatively  so  young. 
She  became  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church 
in  Bradford  Sept.  14,  1806.  With  a  desire  to  be 
useful  and  to  secure  the  means  of  an  independent 
support,  she  engaged  for  several  years,  at  intervals, 
in  teaching.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Congregational  Association  at  Bradford  in  June. 
1810,  Mr.  Judson  met  his  future  wife.  His  per- 
suasive words  induced  her  to  consent  to  share  the 
fortunes  of  his  missionary  life,  as  well  as  to  be  the 
first  American  woman  who  '"  resolved  to  leave  her 
friends  and  country  to  bear  the  gospel  to  the  heathen 
in  foreign  climes.''  She  was  married  to  Mr.  Judson 
Feb.  5,  1812.  On  the  outward  voyage  to  Calcutta 
she  changed — as  did   her   husband — her  views  on 


JUVSON 


628 


JL'DSON 


the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism,  and  was  baptized 
with  hor  husband  by  Rev.  Mr.  AVard.  Tlie  mis- 
sionary life  of  Mrs.  Judson  is  so  intertwined  with 
tliat  of  Dr.  Judson  that  tlie  record  of  the  latter 
contains  all  tliat  needs  to  be  said  in  that  of  the 
former.  With  the  same  fidelity  and  patience  which 
characterized  her  husband,  she  applied  herself  to 
learning  the  language,  and  at  the  close  of  1815  she 
states  that  she  can  both  read  and  write  it  with  a 
good  degree  of  ease.  She  was  the  efficient  helper 
of  Dr.  Judson  for  several  years,  when  she  was  com- 
pelled by  her  failing  health  to  return  to  her  native 
land.  On  the  21st  of  August,  1821,  she  embarked 
for  Bengal,  and  on  reaching  Calcutta  took  passage 
for  England.     The  kindest  attention  was  shown  to 


MRS.  .\NM    H.^SSELTINE   JUDSON. 

her  both  in  England  and  Scotland.  She  embarked 
on  board  the  ship  "  Amity''  at  Liverpool,  Aug.  10, 
1822,  and  arrived  at  New  York  the  2.')th  of  the 
September  following,  and  after  a  brief  visit  in  Phil- 
adelphia she  hastened  to  her  old  home  in  Bradford. 
The  severity  of  a  Northern  climate  to  one  who  had 
lived  so  many  years  in  the  East  was  more  than  her 
enfeebled  constitution  could  endure,  and  she  was 
forced  to  make  her  winter  home  in  Baltimore  with 
her  brother-in-law.  Dr.  Elnathan  Judson.  Ilei-e 
she  rapidly  improved  in  health,  and  was  able  to 
write  an  interesting  account  of  the  Burman  mis- 
sion. A  few  weeks  of  the  following  spring  she 
spent  among  Christian  friends  in  Washington,  and 
then  returned  to  Massachusetts.  On  the  21st  of 
June,  1823,  she  embarked  on  her  return  voyage  to 
Calcutta,  having  as  her  companions  Rev.  Jonathan 


Wade  and  his  wife,  and  arrived  at  Rangoon  on  the 
5th  of  the  following  December. 

The  narrative  of  the  fortunes  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Judson  in  Ava,  to  which  city  they  proceeded  soon 
after  the  arrival  of  the  latter  in  Rangoon,  is  told 
in  the  sketch  of  the  life  of  the  former.  The  pitiful 
story  of  the  dreadful  sufferings  of  Oung-pen-la 
reads  almost  like  a  romance.  The  noble,  heroic 
character  of  this  most  gifted  woman  has  touched 
the  sensibilities  of  thousands  of  Christian  hearts, 
and  the  memorial  of  all  that  she  did  and  endured 
for  her  husband  will  not  soon  be  forgotten.  When 
the  anxiety  and  the  intense  and  prolonged  ex- 
citement connected  with  eighteen  months  of  bitter 
trial  had  passed  away,  there  came  the  natural  re- 
action, and  when  the  disease  which  forced  her  to 
return  to  her  native  land  assumed  a  more  violent 
type  her  weakened  physical  system  was  unable  to 
endure  the  attack,  and  she  yielded  to  its  force. 
Early  in  the  month  of  October,  1820,  she  was 
stricken  with  the  fever  which  finally  pi-oved  fatal, 
and  died  the  24th.  Tlie  sad  event  was  followed  in 
a  few  months  by  the  death  of  "  little  Maria,''  and 
together  they  were  buried  under  the  "  Ilopia"  tree 
at  Amherst.  She  was  one  of  the  noblest  women 
that  ever  bore  the  Christian  name.  Her  hallowed 
fame  will  be  handed  down  with  reverence  to  the 
last  generation  of  Christ's  followers  on  earth. 

Judson,  Prof.  C.  H.,  was  bom  in  Monroe  town- 
ship. Conn.,  in  1820.  His  early  opportunities  were 
limited  to  the  common  school.  At  eighteen  his 
attention  was  powerfully  turned  to  the  subject  of 
religion  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  J.  Robards. 
He  became  thoroughly  convinced  that  the  aim  of 
man's  life  should  be  something  higher  than  a  mere 
subsistence.  He  resolved  to  seek  the  salvation  of 
his  soul,  and  soon  he  found  peace  in  believing. 

Some  remarks  of  Mr.  Robards  called  his  atten- 
tion to  Locke's  "  Essay  on  the  Human  Understand- 
ing," which  he  read  with  eager  interest,  which 
opened  up  before  him  a  new  field  of  thought.  He 
then  resolved  to  secure  an  education.  He  spent 
two  years  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution.  Afterwards  he  taught  about  three 
years,  then  he  spent  two  years  in  the  University  of 
Virginia,  graduating  in  five  schools. 

After  leaving  the  university  he  taught  in  Vir- 
ginia and  North  Carolina  until  1S51,  when  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Phil- 
osophy in  Furman  University,  which  position  he 
held  until  1801,  when  the  war  closed  the  univer- 
sity. In  1862  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Greenville  Female  College.  He  was  recalled  to  his 
former  position  in  the  university  in  1809,  which  he 
still  holds. 

He  is  singularly  modest  and  retiring  in  his  man- 
ners. H'w  methodical  habits  fit  him  well  for  the 
post  of  treasurer  of  the  university  and  of  the  Bap- 


JUDSON 


629 


JUDSON 


tist  State  Convention.  As  a  niiitheniatician  he 
probably  lias  no  superior  in  the  South. 

Judson,  Rev.  Edward,  the  son  of  Dr.  A<loni- 
ram  Juilson,  the  missionary,  was  born  at  Maul- 
main,  Burmah,  Dec.  27,  1844.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1865.  After  tcachinj;  as  prin- 
cipal of  a  seminary  in  Vermont  he  became  tutor 
in  M.adison  University,  ami  in  1868  was  appointed 
Professor  of  the  Latin  and  i^Iodern  Languages.  In 
1875  he  listened  to  the  call  of  the  church  at  North 
Orange,  N.  J.,  and  was  ordained  pastor.  He  min- 
isters to  a  large  and  intelligent  audience  in  one  of 
the  finest  meeting-houses  in  the  State;  and  has 
seen  a  wonderful  blessing  upon  his  work.  Between 
three  and  four  hundred  have  been  baptized  by  him 
within  five  years,  and  the  denomination  holds 
gi-eat  prominence  in  the  city  of  Orange.  He  has 
been  often  called  to  preach  and  speak  before  Asso- 
ciations, colleges,  and  denominational  societies,  and 
in  1880  he  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer- 
sity. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Emily  Chubbuck,  was  born  in 
Eaton,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  22,  1817.  Under  the  name  of 
"  Fanny  Forrester"  she  wrote  a  number  of  articles 
in  prose  and  poetry  for  the  magazines  of  the  day, 
which  were  afterwards  collected  together  and  pub- 
lished under  the  title  of  "  Alderbrook,"  Boston. 
1846,  2  vols.  She  became  the  third  wife  of  Dr. 
Judson,  being  married  to  him  June  2,  1846,  and 
left  the  country  the  11th  of  the  month,  reaching 
Calcutta  the  30th  of  November  following.  Dr. 
Judson  re-established  himself  in  Maulmain,  his 
wife  submitting  with  courage  to  all  the  hardships 
and  self-denials  of  a  missionary's  life.  Dr.  Judson 
found  in  her  a  sympathizing  companion  and  friend, 
helping  him  to  the  utmost  of  her  power  in  his  mis- 
sionary and  literary  work.  She  was  not  destined, 
however,  to  be  long  associated  with  him.  In  less 
than  four  years  after  their  marriage  he  left  her  to 
enter  upon  that  "long  voyage"  from  which  he 
never  returned.  After  the  death  of  her  husband 
Mrs.  Judson  returned  to  this  country,  and  died  at 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  June  1,  1854.  Besides  "  Aider- 
brook,"  she  wrote  an  interesting  biography  of  the 
second  wife  of  Dr.  Judson,  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Judson. 

Judson  Female  Institute,  located  at  Marion, 
Ala.,  was  first  opened  for  students  Jan.  7,  1839,  with 
the  Rev.  Milo  P.  Jewett  as  president, — a  position 
which  he  held  for  sixteen  years  with  great  distinc- 
tion and  a  constantly  increasing  fame.  Indeed,  it 
is  not  too  much  to  say  that  to  Prof.  Jewett,  more 
than  to  any  other  man,  the  Judson  is  indebted  for 
its  existence  and  for  the  solid  foundation  on  which 
its  celebrity  is  laid.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that 
the  same  distinguished  gentleman  was  the  first 
president  of  Vassar  Female  College. 

After  Dr.  Jewett.  Prof.  S.  S.  Sherman,  A.M., 
was  president  from  1855  to  1859.     Prof.  Noah   K. 


Davis  was  president  from  1859  to  1864.  Prof.  J. 
G.  Nash  was  president  in  1864-65.  Prof.  A.  J. 
Battle,  D.D.,  was  president  from  1865  to  1872. 
Prof.  K.  H.  Kawlings  was  president  ivova  1872  to 
1875.  Rev.  M.  T.  Sumner,  D.D.,  was  president  in 
1875-76.  Rev.  L.  R.  Gwaltney,  D.D.,  was  elected 
president  in  1876, — a  position  which  he  still  holds 
to  the  universal  satisfaction  of  the  friends  of  that 
famous  institution  of  learning.  There  have  been 
but  three  presidents  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Judson  Institute, — Gen.  K.  D.  King,  for  twenty- 
three  years  ;  Deacon  \V.  W.  Wyatt,  for  four  years  ; 
and  Hon.  Porter  King,  from  1868  to  this  time. 
The  Judson,  one  of  the  oldest,  is  confessedly  one 
of  the  best,  female  colleges  in  the  United  States. 
While  it  does  not  neglect  solid  and  thorough  edu- 
cation, it  has  always  given  special  attention  to  the 
esthetic  branches,  and  as  a  consequence  has  gained 
great  reputation  for  the  accomplishments  which  it 
bestows  upon  and  weaves  into  the  character  of 
young  ladies  who  are  educated  under  its  manage- 
ment. Its  buildings  and  property  are  worth  at 
least  $75,000.  It  reports  annually  to  the  Baptist 
Convention  of  Alabama. 
Judson,  Mrs.  Sarah  Boardman,  the  second 

wife  of  Dr.  Judson,  was  born  in  Alstead,  N.  II., 
Nov.  4,  1803,  and  was  the  daughter  of  Ralph  and 
Abiah  Hall.  At  an  early  age  she  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Salem,  Mass., 
then  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  Rev.  Dr.  Bolles. 
Her  thoughts  began,  soon  after  her  conversion,  to 
be  turned  towards  the  condition  of  the  perishing 
heathen,  and  she  longed  to  go  forth  and  tell  the 
story  of  a  Saviour's  love  to  those  who  were  "  sitting 
in  darkness."  While  cherishing  such  desires  as 
these  she  was  introduced  to  George  Dana  Board- 
man,  and  found  in  him  one  whose  tastes  and  wishes 
were  like  her  own.  Shortly  before  their  departure 
from  this  country  they  were  united  in  marriage, 
and  took  passage  in  the  ship  "  Asia"  for  Calcutta, 
reaching  the  place  of  their  destination  Dec.  13, 
1825,  where  they  remained  until  March,  1827,  and 
then  proceeded  to  Amherst,  at  which  they  stayed  for 
a  few  weeks,  and  then  went  to  Maulmain  to  enter 
upon  their  missionary  work  in  that  place.  Here, 
among  some  things  to  try  their  faith  and  others  to 
encourage  tlicin,  slie  continued  a  faithful  helper  to 
her  devoted  husband.  Under  date  of  Jan.  1,  1828, 
he  writes,  ■'  Mrs.  Boardman  is  now  surrounded  by 
a  group  of  Burman  girls,  and  is  delighted  with  her 
employment."  When  it  was  decided  to  commence 
a  station  at  Tavoy,  in  order  that  Mr.  Boardman 
might  be  brought  into  closer  contact  with  the  Ka- 
rens, she  entered  into  the  plan  with  all  her  heart. 
Again  her  husband  writes  under  date  of  Aug.  17, 
1828,  describing  the  manner  in  which  the  Sabbath 
was  observed,  "  After  family  worship  and  break- 
fast Mrs.  Boardman  and   myself,  with  the  Chinese 


JUDSON 


630 


JUSTIFICATION' 


Christians,  have  worship,  and  a  printed  sermon  is 
read.  Mrs.  Boiirdman  is  cngai^dd  in  tlie  afternoon 
in  giving  religious  instruction  to  the  schohirs  and 
domestics. "  A  year  from  this  date  came  the  re- 
volt of  Tavoy,  and  Mrs.  Boardnian,  with  George, 
hastened  away,  amid  many  perils,  to  a  place  of 
safety  at  Maulmain,  her  husband  joining  her  in  a 
few  days.  They  returned  early  the  next  October 
ti)  the  scene  of  their  labors  in  Tavoy.  An  alarming 
illness  of  Mrs.  IJoanlman,  early  in  1.S30,  awakened 
the  fears  of  her  friends  that  she  might  soon  be  taken 
away.  She  rallied  at  length,  and  was  able  to  re- 
sume her  work  for  a  time,  but  the  state  of  her  health 
was  such  that  it  was  thought  best  that  she  should 
make  a  temporary  home  in  Maulmain.  After  some 
months  she  returned  again  to  Tavoy,  and  accom- 
panied her  husband  on  his  last  journey  to  the  vil- 
lages of  the  Karens,  and  was  with  him  to  close  his 
eyes  in  death  on  the  11th  of  February,  1831. 

Mrs.  Boardinan,  after  the  death  of  her  husband, 
continued  to  iirosecute  her  missionary  work  as  her 
health  and  strength  permittted.  On  the  10th  of 
June,  1834,  she  became  the  wife  of  Dr.  Judson,  and 
proved  a  most  worthy  successor  of  her  who  had  so 
deservedly  won  his  respect  and  love.  For  a  little 
more  than  eleven  years  they  shared  each  other's 
confidence  and  affection.  After  the  birth  of  her 
last  child,  in  December,  1844,  she  became  the  victim 
of  a  chronic  disease,  and  the  physicians  decided 
that  nothing  would  save  her  life  but  a  long  voyage. 
She  embarked  with  her  husband  and  three  children 
April  26,  184.3.  Some  encouraging  symptoms  were 
apparent  in  the  early  part  of  the  voyage,  but  they 
proved  deceptive,  and  she  died  on  shipboard,  in  the 
port  of  St.  Helena,  Sept.  1,  1845.  Mrs.  Judson's 
knowledge  of  the  Burmese  language  was  singularly 
accurate.  She  translated  the  New  Testament  into 
the  Peguan  language,  and  the  "  Pilgrim's  Progress" 
into  Burmese.  Dr.  Judson,  in  the  warmest  terms, 
gave  his  testimony  to  her  great  worth.  No  one  can 
read  those  charming  lines  of  his  commencing 

"  We  part  on  thia  green  islet,  love," 

without  feeling  that  hers  was  a  character  of  singu- 
lar grace  and  beauty.  She  was  the  mother  of  Dr. 
Boardman,  the  honored  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia. 

Judson  University,  located  at  Judsonia,  AVhite 
Co.,  Ark.,  was  founded  by  some  self-sacrificing 
Baptists,  under  the  leadership  of  Prof.  M.  R.  Forey, 
formerly  of  Chicago  University,  who  became  its 
first  president.  It  was  chartered  in  1871,  suitable 
buildings  were  erected,  and  an  able  Faculty  organ- 
ized. In  1874,  Prof  Forey  resigned,  and  Rev. 
Benjamin  Thomas,  D.D.,  late  of  Ohio,  was  elected 
in  his  place.  Dr.  Thomas  continued  to  discharge 
the  duties  of  the  position  until  1880.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  R.  S.  James,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 


educator,  whose  enthusiasm  has  infused  new  life 
into  the  enterprise.  The  institution  is  yet  young, 
but  under  its  present  able  nuinagement  bids  fair 
to  become  permanently  successful.  The  location 
is  healthy,  and  it  is  surrounded  by  a  thrifty  popu- 
lation and  superior  lands. 

Justice,  Rev.  T.  B.— .\  great  friend  to  missions 
is  this  venerable  man,  who  was  born  in  Henderson 
Co.,  N.  C,  July  27,  1813;  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Benjamin  King  in  August,  1835;  ordained  in  1842; 
has  frequently  been  moderator  of  the  Green  River 
and  other  Associations.  A  man  of  faith  and  fervor, 
and  greatly  beloved. 

Justification  is  not  regeneration.  A  new  heart 
lifts  the  affections  from  sinful  objects,  keeps  them, 
by  the  aid  of  divine  grace,  from  an  immoderate 
love  for  proper  earthly  things,  and  fixes  them 
supremely  upon  Jesus.  It  is  not  sanctification. 
It  is  a  state  in  which  holy  principles,  planted  in 
the  soul  at  the  new  ))irth,  are  cultivated  and 
strengthened  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  until  the  disci- 
ple of  Christ  is  fitted  for  the  church  in  glory.  It 
is  not  pardon.  Barabbas,  guilty  of  sedition  and 
murder,  was  forgiven  and  set  at  liberty  by  Pilate. 
But  no  intelligent  man  would  have  said  that  he 
was  justified  by  the  governor  of  Judea  when  he 
was  released  from  prison.  Pardon  and  justification 
are  great  but  widely  differing  privileges. 

In  justification  the  law  underlies  everything.  It 
has  been  broken,  and  it  must  be  satisfied.  It  was 
inscribed  upon  the  human  conscience  by  the  Crea- 
tor. The  Saviour's  version  is  no  doubt  the  one  re- 
ceived by  Adam  and  revealed  by  Moses :  "  Thou 
shalt  love  the  Lord  thy  God  with  all  thy  heart, 
and  with  all  thy  soul,  and  with  all  thy  mind;  .  .  . 
thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself." — Matt, 
xxii.  37,  39.  This  law  can  never  be  abrogated  or 
modified:  "Till  heaven  and  earth  pass,  one  jot  or 
one  tittle  .shall  in  no  wise  pa.ss  from  the  law  till 
all  be  fulfilled."  Its  requirements  must  be  met 
to  the  very  letter  before  a  man  can  be  justified,  and 
without  justification  no  one  can  enter  heaven. 

The  judge  who  pronounces  the  sentence  of  jus- 
tification is  God  the  Father.  "  It  is  God  that  jus- 
tifieth,  who  is  he  that  condenineth?  It  is  Christ 
that  died,  yea,  rather,  that  is  risen  again,  who  is 
even  at  the  right  hand  of  God,  who  also  niaketh  in- 
tercession for  us." — Rom.  viii.  33,  34.  From  this 
we  learn  that  the  Saviour,  as  advocate,  moves  the 
Chief  Justice  of  the  universe  to  give  his  decision  of 
justification,  and  that  the  First  Person  of  the  Trin- 
ity, on  hearing  his  appeals,  pronounces  the  justifi- 
cation of  all  believers. 

Forgiveness  seems  to  be  the  special  work  of 
Christ,  as  the  bestowment  of  the  new  birth  is  the 
peculiar  office  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  He  gave  the 
price  of  the  soul,  in  obedience  and  sufferings,  to 
the  eternal  Judge,  the  Vindicator  of  the  holy  law, 


JUSTIFICATION 


631 


JUSTIFICATION 


and,  after  receiving  this  conaideration  of  submission 
and  dying  throes,  as  a,  iioly  Jeliovah  he  justifies 
all  who  receive  Christ.  The  Saviour,  who  pre- 
sented the  redemption  price,  turns  to  those  who 
have  believed,  and  says,  "  I  forgive  you.''  Hence  it 
is  written,  "  Uira  hath  God  exalted  with  his  right 
hand  to  be  a  I'rince  and  a  Saviour,  for  to  give  re- 
pentance to  Israel,  and  forgiveness  of  sins." — Acts 
V.  31.  The  Father,  who  receives  the  payment  of 
the  debt,  justifies  the  soul:  tlie  Son,  who  made  it 
for  men  without  a  claim  upon  him,  forgives  them. 

Christ  is  the  occasion  and  the  sole  cause  of  our 
justification.  The  word  p"}V  in  the  Old  Testament, 
translated  righteousness,  and  dinmoiyvvii^  its  repre- 
sentative in  the  New,  describe  Christ's  grandest 
gift  to  his  redeemed  children.  He  imputes  or 
reckons  his  righteousness  to  every  one  of  them, 
and  it  becomes  their  own  just  as  really  as  if  they 
had  "  wrought  it  out"  for  themselves. 

By  the  righteousness  of  Christ  we  ai-e  to  under- 
stand his  complete  submission  to  the  precepts  and 
penalties  of  the  law  of  God,  his  perfect  earthly 
obedience,  and  his  unp.aralleled  anguish  ;  these  he 
places  to  the  credit  of  each  member  of  his  elect 
family. 

The  law  we  have  already  described  was  only 
kept  by  Adam  and  Eve  before  their  fall.  The 
purest  unregenerate  man  on  earth  would  not  claim 
to  have  observed  it,  and  if  he  did  the  pretense 
would  be  baseless.  The  holiest  saint  of  the  entire 
Christian  family,  though  stained  with  the  blood  of 
his  own  martyrdom,  never  fully  kept  the  law,  one 
breach  of  which,  though  no  greater  than  a  jot  or  a 
tittle,  is  death  :  "  For  who.soever  shall  keep  the 
whole  law,  and  yet  oflfend  in  one  point,  he  is 
guilty  of  all." — James  ii.  10.  Like  a  vessel  an- 
chored near  the  shore  in  a  hurricane  with  one 
weak  link  in  her  anchor-chain,  which  breaks  in 
the  moment  of  greatest  need,  and  destroys  the  ship, 
so  one  guilty  act  is  an  offense  against  the  majesty 
of  God  and  against  his  whole  law,  and  it  ruins  the 
righteousness  of  its  perpetrator.  If  one  man  had 
all  the  excellences  of  the  whole  American  people 
from  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  or  the  first  set- 
tlement of  the  Cavaliers,  and,  in  addition,  the  good 
qualities  of  all  the  rest  of  Adam's  children,  past 
and  present,  there  would  be  thousands  of  broken 
links  in  the  chain  of  his  righteousness,  and  the 
ship  of  his  hopes  would  surely  be  dashed  to  pieces. 
''Therefore  by  the  deeds  of  the  law  (human  per- 
formances) there  shall  no  flesh  be  justified  in  his 
sight.". — Rom.  iii.  'JO.  Jesus  became  our  substi- 
tute to  obey  the  law  and  suffer  its  penalty.  AVhen 
God  ar«iisted  the  descending  hand  of  Abraham, 
about  to  kill  Isaac,  he  seized  a  ram  caught  by 
Providence  in  a  thicket  near  by,  and  offered  it  up 
instead  of  his  son  ;  its  blood  was  spilled  instead  of 
his,  its  life  was  sacrificed  for  his,  its  body  was  given 


to  the  flames  which  would  have  reduced  Isaac's  to 
ashes.  And  so  ''  Christ  also  hath  once  suffered  for 
sins,  the  just  for  the  unjust,  that  he  might  bring 
us  to  God."  —  1  Peter  iii.  18.  He  took  our  place 
before  the  violated  law,  and  with  it  our  guilt  and 
pains,  and  he  ended  both,  and  gives  the  righteous- 
ness he  acquired  to  every  saint. 

Paul  says,  "For  he  (the  Father)  hath  made  him 
(the  Son)  to  be  sin  for  us,  who  knew  no  sin,  that 
we  might  be  made  the  righteousness  of  God  in 
him." — 2  Cor.  v.  21.  The  word  d^apriov,  translated 
sin,  means,  in  its  New  Testament  use,  sin,  vice, 
■wickedness.  And  it  is  without  doubt  properly 
translated  in  2  Cor.  v.  21.  He  was  made  sin, 
not  by  any  guilty  act  of  his  own,  but  because  the 
Lord  laid  on  him  the  iniquities  of  us  all.  It  was 
this  that  made  the  Father  abandon  him  in  death, 
and  it  was  this  that  overwhelmed  the  glorious  suf- 
ferer with  horror  as  he  realized  the  desertion.  And 
just  as  he  was  made  sin  for  us  we  are  '"  made  the 
righteousness  of  God  in  him."  He  creates  a  mutual 
exchange  between  himself  and  his  redeemed  ones  ; 
he  takes  their  guilt,  and  they  become  the  righteous- 
ness of  God  (Suiaioni'VTjQeov)^  "  For  Christ  is  the  end 
(Tc;iof)  of  the  law  for  righteousness  (justification)  to 
every  one  that  believelh," — Kom.  x.  4, — that  is  to 
say,  he  has  obeyed  all  its  precepts,  and  suffered  all 
its  pains,  for  every  trusting  disciple,  and  he  gives 
him  this  divine  righteousness  ;  this  is  "  the  right- 
eousness of  God,  which  is  by  faith  of  Jesus  Christ, 
unto  all  and  upon  all  them  that  believe." — Rom. 
iii.  22 ;  of  which  the  Psalmist  speaks  when  it  is 
said,  "  David  also  describeth  the  blessedness  of  the 
man  to  whom  God  imputeth  righteousness  without 
works.  ' — Rom.  iv.  6.  The  great  apostle  declares 
that  this  righteousness  justifies  without  any  of  our 
own  works:  ''Therefore  we  conclude  that  a  man 
is  justified  by  faith  without  the  deeds  of  the  law.'' 
—Rom.  iii.  28. 

In  the  New  Testament,  Christ  and  his  people  are 
represented  as  being  one.  Various  figures  are  used 
to  describe  this  union,  but  the  most  remarkable  is 
that  of  a  human  body.  "Now,"  says  Paul,  "ye 
are  the  body  of  Christ  and  members  in  particular." 
1  Cor.  xii.  27.  Jesus  is  the  head  of  this  heaven- 
favored  body,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the  acts  of 
the  head  belong  to  the  whole  body,  and  its  privi- 
leges, powers,  and  sacred  attributes.  According  to 
this  teaching  Christ's  obedience  and  death  are  as 
much  ours  as  they  are  his.  Hence  Paul  says, 
"For  the  love  of  Christ  constraineth  us,  because 
we  thus  judge,  that  if  one  died  for  all,  then  were 
all  dead." — 2  Cor.  v.  14.  It  follows  from  this  un- 
doubted and  blessed  union  that  we  all  died  with 
Christ  upon  the  cross,  that  the  same  spotless  robe 
that  belongs  to  the  head  flows  down  in  unstained 
beauty  and  purity  over  the  whole  body  of  Christ, 
of  all  names,  ages,  and  worlds. 


JUTTEN 


632 


KALAMAZOO 


It  is  no  wonder  then  that  Paul  says,  "  There  is, 
therefore,  now  no  condemnation  to  them  who  are 
in  Christ  Jesus."  '"  It  is  God  that  justifieth,  who 
is  he  that  condemneth  ?'  '"Who  shall  lay  any- 
thing to  the  charge  of  God's  elect?'' — Rom.  viii.  1, 
33,  34.  The  righteousness  of  the  holiest  archangel 
is  but  the  obedience  and  purity  of  a  creature.  The 
righteousness  of  a  true  believer  is  the  immaculate 
robe  of  Immanuel,  the  righteousness  of  God,  which 
shall  for  ever  hide  each  moral  defect,  mortal  weak- 
ness, and  guilty  stain.  This  robe  envelops  the 
.soul  and  justifies  it  through  the  instrumentality 
of  faith.  As  the  hawser  coming  from  a  great 
steamship,  when  fastened  to  a  dismasted  and  help- 
less vessel,  gives  her  all  the  force  of  her  powerful 
engines,  and  saves  her,  so  faith  binds  the  soul  to 
Jesus,  and  gives  it  his  justifying  righteousness  ; 
and  for  this  reason  it  is  written,  "  Being  justified 
by  faith,  we  have  peace  with  God,  through  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ." — Rom.  v.  1.  Faith  is  one  of 
the  fruits  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  soul  (Gal.  v.  22), 
and  whatever  merit  there  is  in  it  belongs  to  the 
Comforter,  as  the  whole  merit  of  our  righteousness 
is  Christ's.  So  that  every  ransomed  man,  as  he 
enters  the  eternal  world  and  examines  his  entire 
religious  exercises,  will  feel  and  affirm,  "  By  the 
grace  of  God  I  am  what  I  am  ;"  and  his  chief  glory 
will  be,  "Jehovah  is  our  righteousness." — Jer. 
zxiii.  6. 

"  Jehovah  Tsidksnu  (our  righteousness) !  my  treasure  and  boast; 
Jehovah  Tsidkeuu  !  I  ne'er  can  be  lost ; 
In  thee  I  shall  conquer  by  flood  and  by  field, 
My  cable,  my  anchor,  my  breastplate  and  shield.'* 

Jutten,  David  B.,  D.D.,  present  pastor  of  the 
Sixteentli  Street  Baptist  church  of  Xew  York,  was 
born  in  that  city  Jan.  7,  1844.     His  parents,  Ben- 


jamin and  Emma  Jutten,  were  Baptists.  His  early 
education  was  received  in  the  public  schools.  In 
1859,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  united  with  the  Berean 
Baptist  church,  having  been  baptized  by  the  late 
Dr.  Dowling.  Soon  after  his  membership  was 
changed  to  the  Bloomingdale  Baptist  church,  now 
merged  into  the  Central.  From  this  church  he  re- 
ceived a  license  to  preach  in  ISO'2.  lie  entered 
Madison  University  in  May  of  the  same  year,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1867,  and  from  the  theolog- 
ical seminary  in  1870.  During  this  time  he  sup- 
plied for  short  periods,  with  acceptance,  three 
churches,  one  in  Connecticut,  one  in  New  Jersey, 
and  one  in  New  York  State.  After  graduation, 
and  in  the  same  year,  he  was  called  to  the  E  Street 
Baptist  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  Here  he  passed 
three  years  in  successful  work. 

In  1873  he  received  a  unanimous  call  from  the 
Sixteenth  Street  church  of  New  York  City,  after 
having  preached  one  Sabbath  with  great  accept- 
ance. The  morning  sermim  on  '•  The  Office  of  the 
Spirit"  indicated  a  man  who  realized  the  source  of 
power  in  the  church.  In  June,  1873,  the  new  pas- 
tor was  installed.  Dr.  Jutten  preaches  generally 
without  notes.  He  is  a  man  of  large  sympathy, 
and  exhibits  toward  all  a  truly  charitable  spirit. 
He  gives  special  attention  to  pastoral  work.  It  is 
his  endeavor  to  call  upon  every  member  of  the 
church  once  a  year,  holding  with  all  religious  con- 
versation and  offering  prayer  with  the  family  in 
accordance  with  the  good  old  custom.  He  has 
been  greatly  blessed  in  his  labors  during  the  past 
five  years,  and  is  still  prospering.  During  this 
time  there  have  been  added  to  the  church  about  300 
members,  of  whom  more  than  200  have  been  re- 
ceived by  baptism. 


K. 


Kalamazoo  College.— For  the  beginning  of  the 
enterprise  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
Kalamazoo  College  we  must  go  back  to  the  year 
1829.  In  November  of  that  year  Thomas  Ward 
Merrill,  a  graduate  of  Waterville  College  in  the 
class  of  1825,  having  finished  the  course  of  theo- 
logical study  at  Newton  in  1828,  reached  Michigan, 
seeking,  as  he  then  wrote,  "  to  promote  the  intel- 
lectual as  well  as  moral  advancement  of  the  people 
of  the  Territory  of  Michigan."  He  was  the  son 
of  that  Rev.  Daniel  Merrill  who,  in  Sedgwick,  Me., 
in  1805,  became  a  Baptist,  and  was  accompanied 
in  his  adoption  of  Baptist  views  by  a  large  part  of 


the  Congregational  church  of  which  he  had  been 
many  years  pastor.  The  son  was  like  his  father  in 
very  hearty  devotion  to  Baptist  principles. 

In  the  prosecution  of  his  plans  he  opened  a  clas- 
sical school  in  Ann  Arbor.  It,  being  the  only  one 
of  the  kind,  as  is  supposed,  in  the  Territory,  was 
patronized  by  Detroit  and  the  other  early  settle- 
ments, and  enjoyed  prosperity. 

From  it  the  next  seas(m,  July,  1830,  Mr.  Merrill 
issued,  and  traversed  the  Territory  with  a  petition, 
of  which  he  was  the  author,  asking  the  Territorial 
Legislature  to  ch.arter  an  institution  under  the  name 
of  the  Michigan  and  Huron  Institute,  and  secure 


KALAMAZOO 


033 


KALAMAZOO 


its  control  to  the  Baptist  denomination  by  prescrib- 
ing that  three-fifths  of  its  trustees  should  be  of 
that  faith.  The  object  of  the  petition  wars  favorably 
considered  in  the  Legislature,  but  final!)-,  meeting 
with  objections  from  those  opposed  to  its  denomi- 
national features,  the  bill  was  laid  over  to  the  next 
session. 

Meanwhile,  under  the  influence  of  those  who  had 
opposed  it,  an  academy  was  incorporated  and  started 
at  Ann  Arbor,  of  which  Mr.  Merrill  was  urged  to 
take  charge.  But  feeling  that  his  Christian  and 
denominational  aims  and  hopes  would  thus  be  com- 
promised, he  declined. 

And  the  same  season,  concluding  that  the  eastern 
shore  of  the  peninsula  was  to  prove  uncongenial  to 
the  growth  of  his  cherished  enterprise,  he  resolved  • 


untrodden  grasses  and  the  unbent  bushes  of  the 
AVestern  prairies  and  openings,  and  encamping 
with  enthusiastic  admiration  beneath  the  majestic 
forests  and  beside  the  miniature  lakes  of  Western 
Michigan.  And  among  the  waymarks  which  he 
was  setting  up,  some  of  the  first  were  those  which, 
in  his  own  mind,  designated  the  places  where  his 
children  should  be  baptized,  his  neighbors  have 
their  house  of  prayer  and  praise,  and  his  denomi- 
nation their  Hamilton  of  Christian  learning,  for  he 
had  come  from  where  the  long  shadow  of  the  Ham- 
ilton of  Hascall  and  of  Kendrick  had  swept  over 
him. 

In  the  autumn  of  1831  there  were  to  be  seen  traces 
of  these  two  pioneers  coming  together  and  planning 
methods  by  which  to  raise  money  to  purchase  land 


KAI.AMAZilO    CDLI.EGF,. 


to  transfer  it  to  the  western  shore.  And  as  Kala- 
mazoo was  a  forest  through  which  but  the  smoke 
of  one  log  cabin  rose,  he  sought  the  older  settle- 
ment of  Prairie  llonde,  among  whose  first  settlers 
he  assisted  in  building  a  house  for  schools  and 
meetings,  and  occupied  it  for  those  uses  as  early  as 
the  winter  of  1830-31. 

The  question  now  was  where  to  drive  the  stake 
for  the  permanent  institution,  and  how  to  purchase 
lands  for  its  use,  for  it  was  then  the  design  that  it 
should  incorporate  the  manual-labor  system.  And 
another  question  was  how' to  reappear  before  the 
Legislature  and  secure  the  act  of  incorporation. 

Fortunately  the  pi-actical  wisdom,  the  generous 
liberality,  and  the  intelligent  Christian  citizenship 
of  Calel)  Eldrcd  stood  now  waiting  to  ally  them- 
selves with  the  high  aims  and  the  unconquerable 
tenacity  of  Thomas  AV.  Merrill.  Judge  Eldred  was 
then  just  dragging  his  surveyor's  chain  through  the 
41 


for  the  occupancy  of  the  contemplated  institution. 
And  an  appeal  to  the  benevolent  Baptists  of  the 
East  was  agreed  upon.  Accordingly,  Mr.  Merrill 
visited  the  meeting  of  the  Michigan  Association  at 
Pontiac  in  September  of  that  year,  and  secured 
the  recommendation  of  that  body  for  him  to  visit 
the  East  on  such  an  agency.  A  month  later  he 
was  at  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  received  a  hearty  commendation  of  his 
object  signed  by  Elon  Galusha,  John  Peck.  C.  M. 
Fuller,  Archibald  Maclay,  Charles  G.  Somers, 
Jonathan  Going,  B.  T.  Welch,  B.  M.  Hill,  Philan- 
der D.  Gillette,  and  others. 

So  far  as  appears,  the  first  subscriptions  paid  in 
this  work,  except  what  Mr.  Merrill  paid  in  defray- 
ing his  own  expenses,  were  seven  ten-dollar  ones 
from  these  seven  honored  and  ever  to  be  remem- 
bered names:  Jonathan  Going,  Nathan  Caswell. 
James  Wilson,  John  H.  Harris,  Byron  &  Green, 


KALAMAZOO 


634 


KALAMAZOO 


William  Colgate,  and  E.  Withington.  This  money 
went  to  purchase  the  property  first  bought  for  the 
institute  in  Bronson  (now  Kalamazoo). 

Returning  from  this  agency  in  18.32,  Mr.  Merrill, 
Judge  Eldred,  and  others  renewed  the  petition  to 
the  Legislature  for  the  incorporation  of  the  institu- 
tion, under  the  name  of  the  Michigan  and  Huron 
Institute,  and  without  any  provisions  for  denom- 
inational control,  suggesting,  however,  the  names 
of  the  petitioner.s  and  others  as  trustees.  These 
names  embraced  the  early  ministers  and  active 
brethren  of  the  Baptist  denomination  then  resident 
in  the  Territory. 

The  bill,  introduced  in  answer  to  the  petition, 
had  to  work  its  way  through  some  objections,  but 
receiving  the  helping  hand  of  Judge  Manning,  in 
addition  to  the  watchful  efforts  of  the  petitioners,  it 
passed,  and,  after  lodging  some  time  in  the  hands 
of  the  governor,  was  helped  over  his  scruples  by  a 
committee,  consisting  of  John  Booth,  F.  P.  Brown- 
ing, and  T.  W.  Merrill,  and  was  finally  approved 
April  22,  1833. 

The  first  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  was 
Caleb  Eldred,  who  for  twenty-five  years  worthily 
filled  the  oflice,  and  was  relieved  of  it  only  after  his 
repeated  and  earnest  solicitations. 

As  the  charter  did  not  locate  the  institute,  a 
tedious  work  awaited  the  trustees  in  determining 
that  important  matter.  There  were  long  journeys 
over  primitive  roads  to  meetings  in  Clinton,  Troy, 
Ann  Arbor,  Comstock,  Whitm.ansville,  and  else- 
where, often  resulting  in  a  failure  of  the  necessary 
quorum,  and  sometimes  issuing  in  nearly  a  dead- 
lock of  rival  contestants  for  the  prize.  But  at 
length,  in  the  autumn  of  1835,  Providence  gave 
the  weary  fledgling  a  nest  in  Kalamazoo,  through 
the  subscription  of  $2500  by  residents  there,  and 
the  purchase  of  115  acres  of  land  in  what  is  now 
the  south  part  of  the  village,  which  property  was 
afterwards  converted  into  the  site  and  building  ac- 
commodations now  occupied  on  the  west  side  of  the 
village,  where,  through  favoring  providences,  no 
complaint  of  ineligibility  has  ever  arisen,  or  can 
ever  arise,  to  be  among  the  embarrassments  of  the 
enterprise.  Twenty  years  later  the  adjoining  site 
was  secured  through  the  liberal  and  timely  supply 
of  S1500  by  Mrs.  II.  E.  Thompson  ;  and  the  beau- 
tiful and  commodious  building  which  now  graces  it 
was  entered  and  dedicated  in  the  autumn  of  1859. 

No  effort  was  made  to  endow  the  institution,  nor 
was  any  debt  suffered  to  accrue  from  its  operation 
during  the  first  twenty  years  of  its  history.  Its 
expense  for  instruction  was  not  large,  as  its  course 
of  study  was  chiefly  preparatory.  Moreover,  the 
inferior  condition  of  the  public  schools,  and  their 
lack  of  all  high  school  facilities,  left  the  people 
quite  ready  to  extend  to  a  good  select  school  a 
remunerative  patronage.     And  much  of  the  time 


other  corporations  assumed  the  current  expenses 
of  the  institute ;  for  a  while  the  State  University 
supported  it  as  one  of  its  branches,  and  after- 
wards the  Baptist  Convention  adopted  it  as  the 
literary  helpmate  for  its  theological  education. 
Yet  the  property  of  the  institute  always  remained 
distinct,  and  its  board  of  trustees  allowed  no  inter- 
mission of  their  meetings  and  controlling  care. 

The  privileges  of  the  institute  were  free  alike  to 
both  sexes  from  the  first,  except  during,  and  for  a 
little  after,  the  time  that  the  Baptist  Convention 
paid  the  teachers;  and,  indeed,  throughout  this 
period,  rooms  were  supplied  free  of  rent,  in  which 
a  school  for  young  women  was  maintained. 

In  February,  1855,  the  charter  was  amended  so 
as  to  confer  full  college  powers,  the  name  changed 
to  Kalamazoo  College,  and  the  corps  of  instructors 
enlarged  so  as  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  college 
course,  which  was  required  by  the  charter  to  be  of 
as  high  grade  as  that  of  the  State  University. 

The  successive  principal  teachers  from  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  school  till  it  became  a  college  were 
Mr.  Marsh,  Walter  Clark,  Nathaniel  A.  Balch, 
David  Alden,  William  Dutton,  and  James  A.  B. 
Stone.  The  last  named  of  these  had  charge  of  the 
school  from  1843,  and,  with  the  entrance  of  the  in- 
stitution on  its  career  as  a  college,  he  was  appointed 
its  president,  and  remained  until  1864.  Mrs.  Stone 
was  associated  with  him  durihg  all  these  years. 

From  1864  to  1807,  Rev.  John  M.  Gregory, 
LL.D.,  was  president,  and,  after  an  interval  of 
more  than  a  year,  was  followed,  in  1868,  by  the 
present  president.  Rev.  Kendall  Brooks,  D.D. 

In  1870  the  "  ladies'  course,"  which  prescribed 
a  somewhat  lower  range  of  studies  than  the  regu- 
lar college  course,  was  discontinued,  and  since  that 
time  both  sexes  have  had  equal  admission  to  all 
the  courses  of  study. 

In  1853  the  sum  of  §20,000  was  secured  by  sub- 
scription towards  the  endowment  of  the  college, 
and,  in  1858,  §10,000  for  the  new  building.  A  few 
years  later  the  sum  of  §30,000  was  subscribed,  and, 
immediately  after  the  election  of  President  Brooks, 
§50,000. 

The  ground  and  buildings  occupied  by  the  col- 
lege are  not  wholly  its  property.  The  Baptist 
Convention  of  the  State  of  Michigan  owns  the 
older  edifice,  used  for  students'  dormitories,  con- 
taining also  the  library  and  two  halls  for  the  lit- 
erary societies  of  the  young  men.  The  new  build- 
ing, designated  at  its  dedication  as  Kalamazoo  Ilall, 
in  recognition  of  the  fact  that  the  expense  of  its 
erection  was  mostly  paid  by  citizens  of  Kalamazoo, 
contains  chapel,  recitation-rooms,  apparatus-room, 
and  music-room.  The  whole  real  estate  is  esti- 
mated to  be  worth  §100,000.  The  present  endow- 
ment is  about  §80,000,  of  which  a  part  is  not  now 
productive.     There  is  nominally  one  endowed  pro- 


KALLOCH 


635 


KANSAS 


fessorship  of  SIO.OOO,  established  by  Mr.  Merrill, 
who  also  offered  §15,000  as  scholarships,  the  in- 
come to  be  given  to  students  preparing  for  the  min- 
istry in  Baptist  churches.  Of  the  whole  sum,  how- 
ever (§25,0(X)),  only  one  thousand  dollars  was  paid 
in  cash,  and  the  paper  in  which  the  rest  was  paid 
is  not  at  present  yielding  any  income.  It  is  hoped 
that  both  endowments  will  become  productive  ere 
long. 

Among  those  who  have  held  professorships  in 
the  college  the  following  may  properly  be  named : 
William  L.  Eaton,  Samuel  Graves,  D.D.,  Edward 
OIney,  LL.D.,  Daniel  Putnam,  Edward  Anderson, 
H.  L.  Wayland.  D.D.,  .Silas  Bailey,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
James  A.  Clark,  Samuel  Brooks,  D.D.,  William  C. 
Morey,  Nathan  S.  Burton,  D.D. 

Honorary  degrees  have  been  very  sparingly  given. 
Only  four  men  have  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity,  and  three  that  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  from 
the  college,  during  the  first  twenty-five  years  of  its 
history. 

We  rejoice,  in  looking  through  the  history  of  the 
college,  that  we  are  brought  into  something  of  the 
presence  of  an  indwelling  God.  Revivals  of  re- 
ligion have  not  been  strange  things  in  its  history. 
For  a  long  time  nearly  every  year  witnessed  the 
cloud  of  God's  saving  and  consecrating  presence 
standing  at  the  door  of  the  institution.  Some  years 
the  companies  that  have  joined  themselves  to  the 
Lord  in  covenant  have  been  large.  Fifty  in  a  year 
have  entered  our  Baptist  family  through  the. ap- 
pointed door,  while  many  more  confessed  Christ 
otherwise  or  elsewhere  ;  and  not  a  few  have  owed 
their  call  to  the  Christian  ministry  to  these  seasons 
of  quickening  from  spiritual  death. 

Kalloch,  Rev.  Amariah,  was  bom  in  1808  at 
Warren,  Me.  lie  was  one  of  the  foremost  ministers 
in  his  native  State  from  18.30  to  1S49,  when  he  sailed 
for  California.  There  having  contracted  a  fever,  and 
unwilling  to  remain  quiet  until  fully  restored,  he 
set  out  upon  a  mission  from  .Sacramento  to  Placer- 
ville,  where  he  died  in  1850.  lie  belonged  to  a 
family  of  preachers  well  known  in  New  England. 
He  had  great  natural  t.ilents,  and  was  distinguished 
for  his  piety,  enthusiasm,  and  marked  success  in 
revival  preaching  and  pastoral  work.  In  1.S.32  he 
was  ordained  at  Thomaston,  where  he  organized  a 
church  at  a  small  hamlet  four  miles  distant,  at 
Rockland.  The  church  increased  to  400  members 
under  his  oversight.  In  1847  he  was  settled  at 
Augustiu  from  which  he  removed  to  California. 
He  was  universally  beloved.  Many  hundreds  were 
baptized  as  tlio  fruit  of  his  labors. 

Kane,  Chaplain  James  J.,  U.  S.  Navy,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  Ottawa,  Canada,  Oct.  18,  1837 ; 
was  sent  to  Europe  at  an  early  age ;  spent  two 
years  at  a  French,  and  four  years  at  a  leading  Eng- 
lish, college  ;  in  consequence  of  ill  health  was  com- 


pelled to  give  up  his  studies,  and  went  on  a  voyage 
to  the  Arctic  regions.  lie  followed  the  sea  for  sev- 
eral years,  rising  to  the  command  of  a  vessel.  In 
1857  joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In 
1861  was  baptized  in  the  Delaware  River  by  Rev. 
Jos.  Perry,  pastor  of  the  Mariners'  Baptist  Bethel 
of  Philadelphia.  Feeling  called  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel, Mr.  Kane  made  preparation  to  enter  upon  a 
theological  course  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.  The  civil 
war  breaking  out,  he  entered  the  naval  service  as 
an  officer,  and  during  the  four  years  of  the  conflict 
performed  the  additional  duties  of  a  chaplain. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered  the  theological 
department  of  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  graduated  in 
regular  course  in  the  class  of  1.S67.  He  was  or- 
dained to  the  ministry  the  year  previous  in  the 
Mariners'  Baptist  Bethel,  in  order  to  file  his  appli- 
cation for  a  chaplaincy  in  the  navy. 

By  the  special  request  of  Admiral  D.  G.  Farra- 
gut,  Mr.  Kane  was  commissioned  as  chaplain  in 
June,  1868  ;  has  served  in  various  ships  and  stations 
since  that  time.  In  1870  he  spent  one  year  at  Har- 
vard Law-School.  Chaplain  Kane  is  the  author 
of  the  work,  "  Adrift  on  the  Black  Wild  Tide." 

Kansas  Baptist  State  Convention  was  organ- 
ized in  1S60.  before  Kansas  bfcanie  a  State,  and 
when  there  were  only  about  40  churches  in  the 
Territory.  Its  first  officers  were  Rev.  I.  S.  Kalloch, 
president;  Rev.  L.  A.  Alderson,  vice-president; 
and  Rev.  E.  Alward,  secretary. 

In  1861,  Rev.  A.  Perkins,  D.D.,  was  present  as 
pastor  of  Atchison  church,  and  26  Baptist  ministers 
were  reported  as  residing  in  the  Territory,  and 
about  1200  members. 

In  1864  the  churches  were  reported  as  numbering 
54,  and  the  additions  during  the  previous  year  191 
persons. 

In  1866  Leavenworth  was  represented  by  Rev. 
Winfield  Scott,  Ottawa  by  Rev.  Isaac  Sawyer,  and 
Lawrence  by  Rev.  E.  D.  Bentley.  Rev.  J.  G.  Pratt 
and  C.  Journeycake  were  delegates  from  the  Dela- 
ware Reserve. 

In  1868,  Rev.  C.  A.  Bateman  was  general  mis- 
sionary, and  the  names  of  Deacon  S.  J.  Nugent, 
Prof.  J.  R.  Downer,  Hon.  J.  S.  Emery,  Rev.  Robert 
Atkinson,  and  Rev.  II.  K.  Srimson  are  reported 
among  the  active  delegates  at  the  Convention. 

In  1869,  Prof.  Downer  made  an  interesting  report 
concerning  church  building  along  the  line  of  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad. 

In  1870,  Rev.  Winfield  Scott  resigned  his  charge 
at  Leavenworth  to  do  general  missionary  work 
throughout  the  State.  Judge  Emery  stated  in  his 
report  on  statistics  that  there  were  in  the  State  146 
Baptist  churches,  of  which  22.  with  a  membership 
of  350  persons,  had  been  organized  during  the 
year,  and  that  of  84  ordained  Baptist  ministers 
in  the  State,  and  9  licentiates,  all  but  2  or  3  were 


KAREX.S 


636 


KAY 


proclaiming  the  gospel.  The  a^rgregate  membcr- 
8hip  at  this  time  was  about  6087,  and  great  progress 
was  made  in  erecting  houses  of  worship. 

In  1871  it  was  reported  that  nearly  $60,000  had 
been  expended  in  beginning  or  completing  church 
edifices  during  the  preceding  year,  and  that  the 
State  contained  179  churches,  with  an  aggregate  of 
7000  members.  M.  A.  Clark  was  present  this  year 
as  Sunday-school  missionary  for  the  State. 

In  1872,  Rev.  Robert  Atkinson  was  general  mis- 
sionary of  the  Home  Mission  Society,  and  Rev.  F. 
M.  Ellis,  of  Lawrence,  was  secretary  of  the  Con- 
vention, and  Deacon  E.  J.  Nugent,  of  Ottawa,  its 
treasurer.  Mr.  Atkinson  reported  that  3  general 
missionaries  and  19  missionary  pastors  bad  been 
employed  in  the  State  during  the  year,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  §6750,  which  was  appropriated  by  the 
Hume  Mission  Society  for  the  purpose,  the  amount 
raised  in  Kansas  for  State  purposes  being  included 
in  this  amount. 

The  decade  from  1870  to  1880  began  with  a  desire 
for  church  edifices  far  beyond  the  ability  of  the 
people  to  erect,  and  it  had  a  very  demoralizing 
effect  on  the  churches,  which  were  crippled  greatly 
on  account  of  it.  Rev.  E.  Gunn  labored  faithfully 
as  the  district  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
Society  during  a  portion  of  this  time,  but  under 
very  great  disadvantages.  In  1879  and  1880,  Rev. 
James  French,  who  had  been  stationed  at  Denver, 
Colorado,  as  district  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
Society  over  a  large  territory,  including  the  moun- 
tain regions,  was  directed  to  include  with  his  other 
work  the  attempt  to  liquidate  the  debts  on  Kansas 
church  edifices.  This,  with  the  aid  of  pastors  and 
others,  was  accomplished,  and  a  new  method  of 
co-operation  with  the  Home  Mission  Society  was 
successfully  inaugurated ;  so  that  with  the  begin- 
ning of  a  new  decade,  in  1880,  and  with  a  general 
missionary  highly  esteemed  by  the  churches  (Rev. 
Granville  Gates),  and  Prof.  Ward,  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College,  as  corresponding  secretary,  the 
Baptists  of  Kansas  occupy  a  more  favorable  position 
than  ever  before.  According  to  the  ''Year-Book" 
of  1881,  the  Baptists  of  Kansas  had 

Associations 21 

Cliurclies "■ 441 

Ordained  ministers 309 

Members 17,648 

Karens, — See  article  on  Blrmah. 

Karen  Theological  Seminary.— Early  in  the 

history  of  our  missions  the  conclusion  was  reached 
that  the  mission  churches  must  be  taught,  as  soon 
as  possible,  to  be  self-sustaining,  and  that  a  native 
ministry  must  be  trained  to  take  the  pastoral  over- 
sight of  them.  The  ministry  thus  raised  up  must  be 
educated,  and  the  necessary  facilities  furnished  to  se- 
cure the  needed  instruction.  At  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  board  of  the  Missionary  Union,  in  Albany,  in 
1843,  Dr.  Wayland,  as  chairman  of  a  committee  on 


the  education  of  native  teachers  and  preachers,  re- 
ported in  favor  of  the  establishment  of  a  theological 
school  for  the  Karens.  Immediate  steps  were  taken 
to  carry  into  effect  this  recommendation,  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Binney  and  his  wife  sailed  from  this  country 
in  November,  1843,  to  take  charge  of  the  new  in- 
stitution. The  location  first  selected  for  it  was  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Maulmain,  and  it  was  named  New- 
ton. The  first  term  was  opened  May  28,  1845,  and 
thirty-six  students  were  in  attendance  at  the  close 
of  the  first  year.  For  the  next  few  years  the  school 
was  successful  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Bin- 
ney. In  September,  1850,  Dr.  Binney  was  obliged  to 
letive,  with  ^Irs.  Binney,  who  was  ill,  for  the  United 
States,  and  the  .institution  was  left  in  charge  of 
Rev.  N.  Harris,  and  in  18.53  it  was  placed  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  J.  II.  Vinton.  In  consequence  of 
the  ravages  of  the  cholera,  it  was  suspended  at  the 
close  of  the  first  term.  When  it  was  reorganized, 
in  18.54,  Dr.  Wade  was  selected  to  take  charge  of 
it  until  the  return  of  Dr.  Binney,  who  resumed  hi» 
old  position  May  25,  1860,  the  institution  having 
been  removed  from  Maulmain  to  Rangoon.  In 
1863,  Rev.  C.  II.  Carpenter  was  added  to  the  corps 
of  teachers,  and  Rev.  D.  W.  Smith  in  1865.  After 
six  years  of  faithful  service.  Dr.  Binney  was  obliged 
again  to  return  to  this  country  on  account  of  the 
impaired  health  of  Mrs.  Binney.  For  some  two 
years  Messrs.  Carpenter  and  Smith  had  the  over- 
sight of  the  institution,  and  then  Dr.  Binney  once 
more  returned  to  his  post,  Mr.  Smith  retiring  to 
Ileiitluida,  to  fill  the  place  made  vacant  by  the  re- 
moval of  Mr.  Thomas  to  Bassein.  From  the  open- 
ing of  the  institution,  in  1843,  to  Sept.  30,  1867, 
the  sum  of  S12.330.16  had  been  expended  in  meet- 
ing its  wants.  The  late  Prof.  Ruggles,  of  Wash- 
ington, has  been  a  liberal  donor  to  the  funds  of  the 
seminary,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
person  is  to  be  attributed,  under  God,  its  present 
prosperity.  Mr.  .Smith  returned  to  the  seminary 
in  1869  and  remained  for  a  short  time,  and  then  re- 
sumed his  duties  at  Henthada.  For  the  past  fevf 
years  the  institution  has  done  its  work  with  success. 
Dr.  Binney's  health  failing,  he  left  Rangoon  Nov. 
14,  1876.  The  seminary  for  more  than  a  year  was 
under  the  care  of  native  teachers.  Mr.  Smith,  who 
bad  again  been  placed  on  the  corps  of  instructors, 
reached  Rangoon  in  the  latter  part  of  1876,  soon 
after  the  departure  of  Dr.  Binney,  and  .at  once  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  office  as  the  presiding 
officer  of  the  semin.ary.  Its  affairs  are  in  a  hopeful 
and  prosperous  condition,  and  the  happiest  results 
may  be  predicted  for  it  in  the  future. 

Kay,  Robert  G.,  was  born  in  Culpeper  Co.. 
Va.,  Sept.  10,  1804.  About  the  year  1825  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  a  Baptist  church  in 
Christian  County  of  which  the  liidy  whom  he  mar- 
ried, Miss  Cynthia  A.  Burruss,  and  who  survives 


KEACH 


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KEACE 


him,  was  already  a  member.  In  October,  1833,  he 
removed  witli  his  family  to  Illinois  and  settled  at 
Payson,  where  he  resided  for  more  than  forty  years 
upon  the  same  homestead.  From  this  farm  his 
family  of  eleven  oliildren,  as  thoy  successively 
reached  niaiiliond  and  womanhood,  went  forth  to 
do  their  life-work.  Among  these  children  was  Mrs. 
E.  P.  Scott,  well  known  as  formerly  a  missionary, 
with  her  husband.  Rev.  E.  P.  Scott,  in  Assam.  Mr. 
Kay  always  took  an  active  interest  in  all  public 
questions,  but  it  was  in  tlie  name  of  Christ  that  his 
energies  were  chiefly  enlisted.  Hero  ho  loved  to 
bestow  his  prayers,  his  labors,  and  gifts.  In  dona- 
tions he  sometimes  seemed  almost  prodigal,  yet 
vphat  he  gave  was  always  returned  to  him  in  larger 
measure.  lie  was  one  of  the  constituent  members 
of  the  Payson  Baptist  church  at  its  organization,  in 
1834;  was  chosen  to  the  deaconship  in  183fi,  and 
continued  in  that  office  until  his  death.  The  Sab- 
bath-.school  of  the  cliurch  was  organized  in  1840; 
he  was  its  first  superintendent,  and  while  he  lived 
continued  to  labor  in  the  school  either  in  this  or 
in  some  other  capacity.  He  also  had  an  active 
share  in  the  organization  of  the  Quincy  Baptist 
Association.  His  death  occurred  at  Payson,  Adams 
Co.,  111.,  May  12,  1877. 

Keach,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Stoke- 
haman,  England,  Feb.  29,  1G40.  He  found  peace 
through  Christ  in  his  fifteenth  year;  and  being  un- 
able to  discover  infant  baptism  or  baptism  by 
sprinkling  in  tlie  Bilile,  and  being  fully  satisfied 
that  every  believer  should  be  immersed,  he  was 
baptized  afcer  the  Saviour's  example  by  John 
Russel,  and  united  with  a  neighboring  Baptist 
church.  This  community,  perceiving  his  remark- 
able talents,  encouraged  him,  when  he  was  eigh- 
teen years  old,  to  exercise  his  gifts  as  a  minister. 

At  first  he  was  an  Arminian  about  the  extent  of 
the  atonement  and  free-will,  but  the  reading  of  the 
Scriptures  and  the  conversation  of  those  who  knew 
the  will  of  God  more  perfectly  relieved  him  from 
both  errors.  In  1068,  in  the  twenty-eighth  year 
of  his  age,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
of  Ilorsleydown,  Southwark,  London.  The  con- 
gregation increased  so  rapidly  after  ^Ir.  Keach  be- 
came pastor,  that  they  had  repeatedly  to  enlarge 
their  house  of  worship. 

Mr.  Keach  soon  became  a  famous  disputant  on 
the  Baptist  side  ;  he  had  taken  Richard  Baxter  in 
hand,  to  tlie  serious  injury  of  the  bishop  of  Kidder- 
minster, and  others  had  felt  his  heavy  lilows. 

The  Rev.  John  Tredwell,  of  Lavingham,a  friend 
of  Mr.  Keach,  was  blessed  in  his  ministry  by  the 
conversion  of  several  vicious  persons,  who  united 
with  his  church;  this  stirred  up  the  indignation 
of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Burkitt,  the  commentator,  a  neigh- 
boisof  Mr.  Tredwell,  who  cast  many  unjust  reflec- 
tions upon  the  Baptists  and  tlieir  doctrines.     Mr. 


Tredwell  wrote  Mr.  Buikitt  giving  some  reasons 
why  he  should  abandon  the  unchristian  course  he 
was  pursuing.  Mr.  Burkitt,  at  a  time  when  Mr. 
Tredwell  and  his  people  were  gathered  in  the  sanc- 
tuary for  public  worship,  with  a  number  of  liis 
parishioners,  entered  the  meeting-house,  and  de- 
manded that  Mr.  Tredwell  and  his  church  should 
hear  his  view  of  the  points  in  dispute.  Mr.  Tred- 
well, taken  aback  somewhat  by  "  such  a  riotous 
and  tumultuous  challenge,"  agreed  to  let  him  speak 
against  Baptist  beliefs  and  usages,  provided  that  he 
should  have  an  opportunity  to  reply.  For  nearly 
two  hours  INIr.  Burkitt  sustained  infant  baptism, 
and  then  he  and  his  "  riotous  company  departed 
without  giving  Mr.  Tredwell  an  opportunity  of 
making  any  return,  except  to  a  few  of  his  own 


REV.    BENJAMIN    KE.\Cn. 

persuasion  that  were  left  behind."  Mr.  Burkitt 
speedily  publisluMl  the  substance  of  the  address  so 
rudely  intruded  upon  the  Baptist  minister  and  his 
people.  Mr.  Keach,  as  a  valiant  defender  of  the 
faith,  was  invited  to  reply  to  Mr.  Burkitt"s  argu- 
ments, which  ho  did  eBectively  in  "  The  Rector 
Rectified  and  Corrected."  Mr.  Burkitt  was  rector 
of  Pedham. 

He  was  challenged  by  some  Episcopal  ministers 
to  discuss  baptism  at  Gravesend,  near  London.  As 
he  went  to  that  place  in  a  boat  with  some  friends, 
he  incidentally  alluded  to  the  proposed  meeting  in 
a  way  that  permitted  a  stranger,  an  Episcopal  min- 
ister, to  know  that  he  was  Jlr.  Keach.  This  person 
attacked  him  about  infant  baptism,  and  received 
such  a  complete  drubbing  that  as  soon  as  the  boat 


REACH 


63S 


REACH 


touched  land  he  started  for  his  Episcopal  brethren 
and  informed  them  of  the  arguments  which  Mr. 
Keach  would  use  and  of  his  method  of  putting 
them.  The  result  of  the  interview  between  Mr. 
Reach's  fellow-traveler  in  the  Gravesend  boat  and 
his  brethren  Avas  that  they  went  away  as  quickly 
as  possible,  leaving  Mr.  Keach  without  an  antago- 
nist. 

Mr.  Keach  was  often  in  prison  for  preaching,  and 
his  life  was  frequently  in  danger.  Some  cavalry 
sent  down  to  Buckingliamshire  to  suppress  the  r(>- 
ligions  meetings  of  Dissenters  found  Mr.  Ki'ach 
preaching,  and  swore  that  they  would  kill  him. 
He  was  seized  and  bound  and  laid  uu  the  earth, 
and  four  of  the  troopers  were  ready  to  trample  him 
to  deatli  with  their  horses;  but  just  as  thoy  were 
going  to  put  spurs  to  their  horses  an  officer  who 
perceived  their  object  rode  up  and  stopped  them. 
He  was  taken  to  prison,  from  which  he  obtained  a 
release  after  suffering  great  hardships. 

In  10C4  he  wrote  "  The  Child's  Instructor." 
For  the  heresies  against  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
the  little  work  he  was  arrested  and  bound  over 
under  heavy  penalties  to  appear  at  court.  The 
assizes  began  at  Aylesbury  Oct.  8,  1GC4.  The 
judge  was  Lord  Chief  Justice  Hyde,  afterwards 
Lord  Clarendon,  who  acted  like  Jeffreys  at  the 
"  Bloody  Assizes."  lie  abused  Mr.  Keach  out- 
rageously, he  threatened  the  jury,  and  he  evidently 
wanted  to  have  Mr.  Keach  executed  if  he  could 
terrify  him  into  making  some  unwise  statements. 
The  jury  brought  in  a  verdict  that  Mr.  Keach  was 
guilty  in  part.  And  when  asked  to  explain  their 
verdict  the  foreman  said,  "  In  the  indictment  he  is 
charged  with  these  words,  '  When  the  thousand 
years  sliall  be  expired,  then  shall  all  the  rest  of  the 
devils  be  raised'  ;  but  in  the  book  it  is,  '  Then  shall 
the  rest  of  the  dead  be  raised.'"  The  judge  in- 
formed the  jui'y  that  they  could  bring  him  in  guilty 
of  all  the  indictments  but  that  sentence.  They 
brought  in  the  prompted  verdict.  And  immediately 
the  judge  said:  "Benjamin  Keach,  you  are  hero 
convicted  for  writing,  printing,  and  publishing  a 
seditious  and  schismatical  book,  for  which  tlie 
court's  judgment  is  that  you  go  to  jail  for  a  fort- 
night without  bail,  and  the  next  Saturday  stand 
upon  the  pillory  at  Aylesbury  in  the  open  market 
for  the  space  of  two  hours,  with  a  paper  upon  your 
head  with  this  inscription,  'For  writing,  printing, 
and  publishing  a  schismatical  book  entitled  "  The 
Child's  Instructor,  or  a  New  and  Easy  Primer,"  ' 
and  the  next  Thursday  to  stand  in  the  same  man- 
ner and  for  the  same  time  in  the  market  of  Wins- 
low ;  and  then  your  book  shall  be  openly  burnt 
before  your  face  by  the  common  hangman  in  dis- 
grace of  you  and  your  doctrine.  And  you  shall 
forfeit  to  the  king's  majesty  the  sum  of  twenty 
pounds;  and  shall  remain   in  jail   until  you   find 


sureties  for  your  good  behavior  and  appearance  at 
the  next  assizes,  there  to  renounce  your  doctrines 
and  make  such  public  submission  as  shall  be  en- 
joined upon  you."  The  sheriff  was  as  rigorous  in 
executing  tliis  infamous  sentence  as  the  judge  was 
insolent  in  pronouncing  it. 

On  the  pillory  at  Aylesbury  Mr.  Keach  defended 
himself  and  the  truth  with  great  boldness.  The 
jailer  frequently  interrupted  him,  and  finally  the 
sheriff  himself  threatened  to  have  him  gagged. 
The  people,  contrary  to  custom,  had  no  words  of 
mockery  for  the  good,  pergecuted  minister,  and  no 
offensive  missile  was  hurled  at  him.  An  Episcopal 
minister  who  ventured  to  assail  Mr.  Keach  in  the 
pillory  was  immediately  reproached  by  the  people 
with  the  ungodliness  of  his  own  life,  and  his  voice 
was  drowned  in  laughter.  At  Winslow,  wliere  he 
lived,  he  suffered  the  same  shameful  penalty,  and 
a  copy  of  his  little  book  was  burned. 

Mr.  Keach  was  a  zealous  Baptist ;  he  aided  min- 
isters who  came  to  him  from  all  parts  of  his  country, 
he  had  many  meeting-houses  built,  and  his  works 
in  defense  of  Baptist  principles  were  read  all  over 
the  kingdom.  Before  his  death  men  spoke  of  him 
as  the  "  famous"  Mr.  Keach,  and  he  is  still  de- 
scribed by  writers  as  a  man  of  great  celebrity.  His 
two  most  popular  works  are  "  Tropologia.  or  a  Key 
to  open  Scripture  Metaphors,"  and  "Gospel  My.s- 
teries  Unveiled,  or  an  Exposition  of  all  the  Para- 
bles." The  latter  work  is  more  frequently  offered 
for  sale  in  the  catalogues  of  the  great  London  sec- 
ond-hand bookstores  than  any  production  of  Rich- 
ard Baxter,  John  Ilowe,  or  Jeremy  Taylor.  Mr. 
Keach  was  the  author  of  forty-three  works.  lie 
died  July  LS,  1704,  in  his  sixty-fourth  year.  He 
was  a  devout  Christian  who  led  a  blameless  life 
and  died  in  the  triumphs  of  faith. 

Keach,  Rev.  Elias,  was  born  in  16G7.  He  was 
the  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Keach,  a  distin- 
guished Baptist  minister  of  London,  England.  He 
came  to  Philadelphia  in  16S6,  when  he  was  nineteen 
yearsof  age.  Atthe  timeof  his  arrival  in  thiscountry 
he  was  a  very  ungodly  young  man.  To  make  him- 
self appear  to  be  a  clergyman  he  wore  black  cloth- 
ing and  bands,  and  he  was  at  once  taken  for  a  min- 
ister. He  speedily  had  an  opportunity  of  showing 
his  clerical  talents  by  conducting  a  public  service. 
He  succeeded  with  his  imposition  until  he  had 
preached  a  considerable  portion  of  his  sermon. 
Then  he  stopped  abruptly  and  "  looked  like  a  man 
astonished."  The  people  supposed  that  he  had 
been  taken  by  some  serious  and  unexpected  com- 
plaint. But  as  they  gathered  around  him  they 
learned  from  him  that  he  was  neither  a  minister 
nor  a  Christian,  and  he  made  the  communication 
with  tears  and  "  much  tremlding."  Great  was  his 
anguish,  and  to  obtain  relief  he  went  to  Elder 
Dungan,  of  Cold  Spring,  near  Bristol,  Pa.,  who 


REACH 


639 


KEELY 


encouraijed  liiiii  to  take  his  guilty  soul  to  the  sin- 
cleansing  Redeemer.  Soon  the  young  man  was  a 
liappy  believer,  full  of  ardent  love  to  the  Lord 
Jesus,  and  anxious  to  be  a  true  preacher  of  his 
glad  tidings.  Elder  Dungan  baptized  him ;  and 
from  the  Cold  Spring  church  and  pastor  he  went 
fortli  ordained  to  preach  Jesus. 

Mr.  Reach  constituted  the  Lovfer  Dublin  church 
in  January,  IGScS.  This  church  immediately  elected 
him  its  pastor;  and  from  it  has  sprung  the  wealthy 
and  influential  sisterhood  of  churches  that  now 
makes  Philadelphia  the  home  of  the  greatest  num- 
ber of  Baptists  in  any  large  city  in  America.  Mr. 
Keach  labored  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey 
with  burning  zeal,  journeying  far,  preaching  often, 
and  succeeding  marvelonsly.  The  Lower  Dublin 
church  at  one  time  embraced  in  its  membership 
all  the  Baptists  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  ; 
and  to  accommodate  its  widely  scattered  commu- 
nicants the  Lord's  Supper  was  administered  at 
Burlington  and  Oohansey,  N.  J.,  and  at  Chester, 
Philadel|iliia,  and  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.  Lower  Dub- 
lin at  that  time  was  the  seat  and  centre  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  several  colonies,  and  from 
the  community  founded  and  extended  so  widely 
by  Mr.  Kcach  the  Philadelpliia  Baptist  Association 
arose,  the  first  Association  of  our  brethren  on  this 
side  of  tlic  Atlantic. 

Mr.  Keach  married  Miss  Moore,  a  daughter  of 
Chief  Justice  Nicholas  Moore,  of  Pennsylvania. 
Owing  to  some  difficulties  in  the  Lower  Dublin 
chui'ch,  Mr.  Keach  returned  to  England  in  1792. 

After  his  return  to  London  he  organized  a 
church,  of  which  he  became  pastor,  into  the  mem- 
bership of  which  he  baptized  about  130  souls  in 
nine  months  after  reaching  London.  He  died  in 
1701  in  the  thirty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  a  preacher  of  popular  talents  and  of  un- 
ddubted  piety.  He  often  had  a  congregation  at 
the  morning  lecture,  supjiorted  by  the  Baptists 
in  Pinner's  Hall,  London,  of  1500  persons.  Mr. 
Ke.ach  published  "  Four  Sermons  on  Justification,'" 
"A  Treatise  on  Discipline,"  and  "Two  Sermons 
on  the  Nature  and  Excellency  of  the  Grace  of 
Patience." 

Keachi  Female  College,  located  at  Keachi, 
De  Soto  Parish,  La.,  was  chartered  in  1S.07,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  §18,000,  and  with  buildings  do- 
nated liv  Thomas  M.  Gattin,  which  cost  S4500. 
The  school  opened  in  1858  under  Dr.  J.  S.  Bacon, 
of  South  Carolina,  who  resigned  in  a  short  time, 
and  lu^v.  J.  H.  Tucker  succeeded  him.  At  the  he- 
ginning  of  the  war  125  young  ladies  were  in  at- 
tendance. During  tin?  war  the  school  was  sus- 
pended, and  the  buildings  used  for  a  Confederate 
hospitjil.  After  the  war  it  was  reorganized,  under 
Peter  Crawford,  who  held  the  position  until  1871, 
when   he  resigned,  and    Uev,   J.   II.   Tucker  wtis 


again  called  to  the  presidency,  and  has  continued 
in  office  until  the  present  time.  The  college  has 
gradually  regained  its  former  prosperity. 

Keely,  Rev.  George,  was  born  at  Walsham, 
County  of  SuHblk,  Kngland,  July  26,  1772.  Early 
in  life  he  lost  his  father,  and  was  thrown  upon  the 
care  of  an  affectionate  mother,  whose  instructions 
and  wise  counsels  exerted  an  influence  upon  his 
youthful  mind  which  was  most  salutary.  Wlien 
he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  London, 
friendless  and  alone.  By  diligence  and  application 
to  business  he  soon  made  for  himself  a  position  in 
which  he  bade  fair  to  secure  prosperity  in  his 
worldly  affairs.  The  providence  of  God  directed 
him  to  the  place  of  worship  where  Dr.  Rippon  was 
the  pastor,  the  same  church  of  which  Mr.  Spur- 
geon  is  now  the  minister.  Here  he  w.as  converted 
and  baptized.  Soon  after,  he  abandoned  business, 
and  prepared  for  the  ministry  at  Bristol  College 
under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Ryland.  He  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Northampton  in 
17'J9,  remaining  there  ten  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  period  he  became  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Ridgemount,  in  the  County  of  Bedford,  and  con- 
tinued there  until  he  resigned  in  1818  to  come  to 
this  country.  Soon  after  re.aching  the  United 
States  ho  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Bajitist 
church  in  Haverhill,  M.ass.,  and  was  recognized  as 
such  Oct.  7,  1818.  For  nearly  fourteen  years  he 
continued  his  labors  in  this  important  church,  and 
established  a  reputation  for  being  one  of  the  ablest 
ministers  in  the  denomination  in  Massachusetts. 
Upon  his  resignation  he  declined  all  overtures 
again  to  settle  as  a  pastor.  He  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  in  such  employments  as  were 
congenial  with  his  tastes,  and  died,  at  the  great  age 
of  ninety-four  years,  at  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H. 

Keely,  Prof.  George  Washington,  LL.D.,  was 
bcirn  in  Xortlnuiipton,  Kngland.  Dec.  25,  ISO/!.  His 
father.  Rev.  George  Keely,  came  to  this  country  in 
1818,  and  for  several  years  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Haverhill.  George  entered 
Brown  University  in  1820,  and  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class  in  1824.  He  was  ap- 
pointed tutor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Languages  in 
Brown  University  in  1825,  and  continued  in  the 
office  for  three  j'cars,  and  gained  for  himself  a  liigh 
reputation  as  an  accomplished  instructor.  Having 
taught  a  private  school  for  a  year,  he  was  appointed 
in  1829  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Phi- 
losophy in  Watervillo  College.  A  new  direction 
was  soon  given  to  his  stmlies,  which  hitherto  had 
been  in  the  departn\ent  of  languages.  He  had  so 
vigorous  a  mind  that  it  was  not  difficult  to  turn  his 
intellectual  energies  into  new  channels,  and  ho 
soon  mastered  the  more  abstruse  studies  to  which 
he  now  directed  his  attention,  and  proved  himself 
to  be  one  of  the  ablest  scholars  in  the  land  in  the 


KEEL  r 


640 


KEEN 


special  direction  to  whicli  he  applied  liiinself.  For 
twenty-three  years  he  held  the  ofEce  (if  Professor 
of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Pliilosophy,  securing 
for  himself  the  sincere  respect  and  the  warm  ad- 
miration of  the  students  who  came  under  his  super- 
vision. He  resigned  his  professorship  in  1852,  and 
returned  to  more  private  life.  He  was  employed 
for  several  years  in  the  United  States  Coast  Sur- 
vey, and  was  also  a  correspondent  of  the  Royal 
Observatory  of  England.  Prof.  Keely  combined 
in  himself  what  might  be  regarded  as  opposite 
traits  of  character.  He  was  modest  almost  to 
timidity  and  lived  the  life  of  a  scholastic  recluse, 
and  yet  no  man  in  the  community  ke|it  himself 
better  informed  as  to  what  was  going  on  in  the 
world,  or  was  more  entertaining  and  instructive  in 
his  conversation  with  those  who  were  the  sharers 
of  his  hospitality  or  casually  met  him  in  the  or- 
dinary walks  of  life. 

Prof.  Keely  was  an  habitual  worshiper  at  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  AV'aterville,  in  wliose  pros- 
perity he  always  felt  interested.  The  writer  of  this 
sketch,  once  his  pastor,  cherishes  for  him  a  regard 
and  an  affection  which  he  has  felt  for  but  few  men. 
Brown  University  conferred  upon  him  in  1849  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  His  death 
took  place  almost  without  a  moment's  warning,  at 
Watervillo,  -June  13,  1878. 

Keely,  Rev.  Josiah,  son  of  Rev.  George  Keely, 
was  born  in  England  May  26,  1806.  He  was  bap- 
tized by  his  father  June  18,  1826,  ordained  Dec. 
21, 1843,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Wenham,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  until  called  to  the  church  in 
Saoo,  Me.  He  continued  to  act  as  pastor  of  this 
church  for  eleven  years,  when  he  resigned,  having 
received  an  appointment  as  chaplain  of  the  13th 
Maine  Regiment,  Jan.  1,  1864.  The  hard  service 
of  military  life  undermined  his  health,  and  suffering 
from  disease,  he  was  taken  to  St.  James  Hospital, 
New  Orleans,  where  he  died  June  24,  1864. 

Keen,  Joseph. — Jiiran  Kyn  (Keen),  the  ancestor 
of  Joseph  Keen,  came  to  this  country  from  Sweden 
at  about  the  age  of  twenty-three  with  Gov.  John 
Printz  in  1643.  He  was  the  founder  of  Upland, 
now  Chester,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.  ;  and  the  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  (in  which  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen, 
the  grandson  of  Joseph  Keen,  is  one  of  the  con- 
stituent trustees)  stands  on  a  portion  of  what  was 
once  his  land.  (See  "  The  Descendants  of  Joran 
Kyn,"  in  the  Peana.  Mag.  Hisl.  and  Biog.,  1878- 
81.)  Like  not  a  few  of  his  descendants,  Jiiran 
Keen  was  of  such  eminent  piety  that  he  is  re- 
ferred to  in  early  colonial  documents  as  "  the 
pious."  The  family  were  originally  Swedish  Lu- 
therans, and  the  grave;Stone  of  Matthias  Keen, 
the  great-grandfather  of  Joseph,  is  (with  the  ex- 
ception of  that  of  two  children)  the  oldest  in  the 
old  Swedes'  (Gloria  Dei)  church-yard,  Philadelphia. 


The  father  of  Joseph  Keen,  Matthias,  of  Tacony, 
Oxford  township,  near  Philadelphia,  was  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  England  (as  most  of  the  Swedish 
Lutherans  became),  and  was  a  vestryman  for  many 
years  of  Trinity  church,  Oxford.  His  mother, 
through  whose  influence  Joseph  became  a  Baptist, 
was  Margaret  Thomas,  whose  father,  John  Thomas, 
came  to  America  from  Wales,  settled  near  Phila- 
delphia, and  died  in  1747.  Joseph  was  born  July 
14,  1762.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  left  Tacony, 
and  was  apprenticed  to  George  Oakley,  a  tanner 
and  currier,  for  £150,  which  sum,  with  character- 
istic integrity,  he  worked  out.  He  continued  in 
this  business  to  the  end  of  his  life  in  co-partnership 
with  John  Sellers,  an  eminent  and  devoted  Quaker. 
He  was  married  by  Dr.  Rogers,  Jan.  24,  1788,  to 


JOSEPH    KEEN. 

Margaret  Williams,  a  woman  of  superior  character 
and  eminent  worth,  who  died  Oct.  16,  1815.  He 
related  his  personal  Christian  experience  before  the 
First  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  April  5,  1790, 
was  unanimously  elected  a  deacon  Nov.  25,  1799, 
and  served  as  such  for  nearly  twenty-two  years 
until  his  death,  May  12,  1821,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
nine. 

"  No  one  can  peruse  the  minutes  during  his  long 
connection  with  the  church  without  being  impressed 
with  the  variety  and  intensity  of  his  Christian 
activities,  the  kindliness  of  his  heart,  the  loyalty 
of  his  faith,  and  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was 
held  by  the  entire  church."  W'len  the  Baptist 
Sunday-school  enterprise  was  first  started  fn  Phil- 
adelphia it  was  approved  by  some,  mildly  counte- 


KEEN 


041 


KEEN 


nanced  by  Dr.  Holcombe,  the  pastor,  but  lieartily 
encouraftt'd  by  Deacon  Keen,  and  when,  in  October, 
1815,  the  first  session  was  held,  he  "  opened  tlie 
school  with  tlie  first  public  prayer  connected  with 
the  Baptist  Sunday-school  enterprise  in  this  city" 
{see  Spencer's  "Early  Baptists  of  Philadelphia," 
pp.  186-8), — -a  service  he  repeatedly  rendered  to 
the  cause  in  its  early  days. 

Keen,  William  Williams,  son  of  Joseph  and 
Marjjaret  (Wiliianis)  Kei'n,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1797, 
in  Tacony,  near  Philadelphia.  His  mother  had 
taken  refuge  there  during  the  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever,  and  he  was  born  in  a  house  built  by  his 
great-grandfiither,  John  Keen,  on  a  tract  of  300 
acres  of  land  originally  obtained  from  Sir  Edmund 
Andros  ill  lt')7(J.     lie  was  associated  with  his  father 


WILLIAM    WILLIAMS    KEEN. 

in  business  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  At  his  death 
he  succeeded  him,  with  his  brothers  Joseph  and 
Samuel  W.,  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the 
most  prominent  men  in  his  branch  of  trade.  He 
retired  from  active  bosiness  in  I8.')l.  He  was  mar- 
ried Feb.''20,  1823,  by  Dr.  Holcombe,  to  Susan 
Budd,  a  descendant  of  William  Budd,  who  came 
over  from  England  and  settled  in  Burlington  Co., 
N.  J.,  in  1678.  She  came  of  a  robust  religious 
stock.  Kev.  Thomas  Budd,  the  father  of  ■\Villiain, 
while  rector  of  Martoek,  Somersetshire,  England, 
in  106O,  under  Charles  the  Second,  l)ecameaQuakcr. 
In  1602,  on  account  of  his  religious  opinions,  he 
was  thrown  into  jail  at  Ilchester,  and  remained 
there,  resolutely  adhering  to  his  conscientious  con- 
yictions,  till  liberated  by  death  June  22, 1G70,  after 


eight  years  of  imprisonment.  After  an  honored 
and  most  useful  life,  she  died  Oct.  27,  1877,  in  the 
seventy-fourtli  year  of  her  age.  lie  became  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Philadelpliia, 
Oct.  24,  1831,  he  and  his  wife  being  baptized  with 
a  large  number  of  candidates,  including  seven  mar- 
ried couples,  by  Dr.  Brantly.  As  was  then  the 
custom,  the  whole  company,  in  baptismal  robes, 
attended  by  the  members  of  the  church,  marched 
to  Arch  Street  wharf,  crossed  to  Cooper's  Point, 
Camden,  and  were  there  baptized  in  the  Delaware. 
Both  his  personal  and  his  family  ties  have  ever 
bound  him  closely  to  this  ancient  church.  His 
father  was  a  deacon  in  it  for  nearly  twenty-two 
years ;  his  brother  Joseph  was  a  deacon  for  twenty 
years;  his  brother  Samuel  a  trustee  and  church 
clerk;  and  he  in  his  turn  became  a  trustee  Jan. 
20,  1834,  and  a  deacon  Nov.  22,  1838. 

In  May,  1843,  he  removed  to  West  Philadelphia. 
Here  he  quickly  gathered  a  few  scattered  brethren 
into  a  determined  and  hopeful  band,  and  in  Octo- 
ber, 1843,  less  than  five  months  after  their  first 
meeting,  they  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a  neat  build- 
ing for  the  First  Baptist  church,  West  Philadel- 
phia, on  a  lot  given  to  the  church  by  him,  and 
afterwards  repurchased  on  their  removal  to  the 
present  site  at  the  corner  of  Thirty-sixth  and  Chest- 
nut Streets.  In  ISCO  the  present  handsome  brown- 
stone  church  and  chapel  were  erected.  Few  who 
have  never  gone  through  the  trials  of  building  two 
churches  know  what  zeal  and  determination,  and 
often  what  real  sacrifices,  are  necessary  to  carry 
them  through.  His  brethren  deserve  all  praise  for 
their  heroic  endeavors  to  carry  the  load,  but  the 
main  burden,  financially  at  least,  fell  upon  him, 
and  when  failure  threatened  he  sold  his  horses  and 
his  carriages,  curtailed  family  expenses  in  every 
direction,  often  at  personal  discomfort,  and  made 
even  his  garden  and  his  grapery  aid  in  the  work  of 
building  the  Lord's  house.  Most  men  settle  on  a 
scale  of  expenses,  family  and  personal,  suitable  to 
their  means  and  social  position,  and  give  away 
what  they  can  afford  out  of  the  remnant  of  their 
income,  but  with  him  the  sum  devoted  to  the  Lord 
was  the  standard  by  which  all  expenses,  family  and 
personal,  were  regulated,  and  many  a  debate  was 
held  with  his  conscience  before  a  grapery,  a  green- 
house, a  coachman,  or  a  pair  of  horses  was  decided 
upon,  lest  the  unusual  expense  should  curtail  liis 
beneficence.  When  he  retired  from  business  he 
resolved  on  his  knees  never  to  lay  up  another 
dollar,  a  resolution  ho  has  fulfilled  for  more  than 
twenty-seven  years.  lie  has  frequently  given  away 
more  than  half  bis  incomo.  and  an  aggregate  sum 
amounting  to  more  than  all  he  is  worth  at  present. 
Next  to  his  church,  the  American  Baptist  Publica- 
tion Society  was  his  cherished  field  of  denomina- 
tional work.     In  1837,  while  it  was  a  feeble  insti- 


KEEN 


642 


KEITH 


tution,  occupying  a  small  building  belonging  to  his 

fathei-'s  estate  on  Fourth  Street  above  Chestnut,  he 
became  its  treasurer,  and  faithfully  administered 
its  finances  for  eighteen  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  earnest  advocates  of  its  removal  to  530  Arch 
Street,  and  headed  the  subscription  list  with  $5000. 
After  serving  the  society  as  treasurer,  vice-presi- 
dent, and  manager  from  1837  to  1872,  his  joy  has 
been  great  in  its  removal  to  such  a  splendid  home 
as  the  exceptional  liberality  of  its  friends  has  now 
provided  for  it.  More  than  usually  trusted  by  his 
brethren,  he  has  been  called  to  many  offices  of  use- 
fulness and  responsibility  in  the  denomination. 
Besides  his  service  in  the  Publication  Society,  he 
was  a  constituent  trustee  of  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  and  served  for  three  years  (184()-4y);  a 
member  of  the  first  and  most  carefully  chosen  board 
of  managers  of  the  Missionary  Union,  organized 
in  1845  after  the  dissolution  of  the  Triennial  Con- 
vention, a  position  be  filled  for  two  years  ;  manager 
of  the  Phihulel|ihia  Baptist  Association  since  1856  ; 
trustee  of  the  Ministers'  and  Widows'  Fund  since 
1858;  manager  of  the  Pennsylvani.-i  Education 
Society  for  twenty-five  years  (1842-67),  to  which 
society  he  gave,  in  1856,  its  first  scholarship ;  man- 
ager of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Associa- 
tion for  twenty-two  years  (1832-54);  and  in  the 
two  churchi^s  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  a 
deacon  for  nearly  forty-three  years. 

Not  only  in  the  church,  but  also  in  the  commer- 
cial community,  he  has  been  confided  in,  having 
been  a  manager  in  the  Woodlands  cemetery  for 
nineteen  years,  a  director  in  the  Bank  of  North 
America,  the  oldest  bank  in  the  country,  for  nearly 
twenty  years,  and  as  a  constituent  manager  of  the 
Western  Saving-Fund  since  1847,  has  served  nearly 
thirty-four  years. 

Now,  in  a  ripe  though  feeble  and  blind  old  age, 
honored  by  all  who  know  or  know  of  him,  he  is 
awaiting  withexjiectation  anddeliglit  the  summons 
of  his  Lord,  "  Well  done,  good  and  faithful  servant; 
enter  thou  into  the  joy  of  thy  Lord.'' 

Keen,  William  Williams,  M.D.,  son  of  Wil- 
liam W.  and  Siisiin  (Budil)  Keen,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Jan.  19,  1837.  Graduated  from  the  Cen- 
tral High  School,  January,  1853.  Kntered  Brown 
University  in  1855,  and  graduated  in  185'J.  After 
pursuing  scientific  studies  as  a  resident  graduate 
for  one  year  in  Providence,  entered  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College  in  1860,  and  graduated  M.D.  in  ALarch, 
1862. 

During  several  years  of  the  war,  as  Assistant- 
Surgeon,  U.S.A.,  Dr.  Keen  discharged  duties  be- 
longing to  his  office  both  on  the  battle-fields  and  in 
the  general  hospitals  with  gi-eat  success.  Resigning 
from  the  service  in  1864,  he  went  abroad  and  pur- 
sued bis  studies  in  Paris,  Berlin,  and  A'^ienna.  In 
1860  he  settleil  in  private  practice  in  Philadelpliia. 


where  he  has  remained,  chiefly  devoting  himself  to 
anatomy  and  surgery,  and  has  attained  an  enviable 
reputation  for  skill  and  ability  in  his  profession. 
Dec.  11,  1867,  he  married  E.  Corinna,  daughter  of 
Jefferson  Borden,  of  Fall  Kiver,  Mass. 

As  a  medical  teacher,  especially  of  anatomy,  and 
as  an  author.  Dr.  Keen  is  widely  known  through- 
out this  and  other  countries.  He  was  appointed 
Lecturer  on  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  Jefferson 
College  from  1866  to  1875.  During  the  same  period 
he  occupied  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Operative 
Surgery  in  the  Philadelphia  School  of  Anatomy,  in 
which  institution  he  gathered  the  largest  private 
anatomical  class  ever  assembled  in  this  country.  In 
1876  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Artistic  An- 
atomy in  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
and  in  1878  was  made  Lecturer  on  the  Anatomy 
of  Animal  Forms  as  applied  to  Decorative  and  In- 
dustrial Art  in  the  schools  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Museum.  He  has  also  for  five  years  been  special 
Lecturer  on  Clinical  Anatomy  in  the  AVoman's 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylv;inia. 

Dr.  Keen  has  made  extensive  contributions  to 
medical  literature.  Among  his  principal  works  are 
"Gunshot  Wounds,  and  other  Injuries  of  Nerves," 
1864;  "Keflex  Paralysis,"  1864  (both  with  col- 
leagues); "Clinical  Charts  of  the  Human  Body," 
1872;  editor  of  the  "American  Health  Primers, 
vols,  i.-xii.,"  by  various  authors  ;  Heath's  "  Prac- 
tical Anatomy,"  1870;  Flower's  "Diagrams  of  the 
Nerves,"  1872.  In  1876  he  delivered  the  fifth 
Toner  Lecture  before  the  Smith.sonian  Institution 
on  the  "Surgical  Complications  and  Sequels  of  the 
Continued  Fevers."  He  has  published  also  inter- 
esting lectures  on  the  "History  of  Practical  Anat- 
omy," 1870;  the  "History  of  the  Philadelphia 
School  of  Anatomy,"  1875 ;  and  on  "  Medical  Mis- 
sionary Work  in-  Japan,"  1878.  In  addition  to 
these  he  has  contributed  a  large  number  of  articles 
to  journals  and  reviews. 

His  activities  are  by  no  means  confined  to  his 
professional  sphere.  As  a  manager  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Publication  Society,  a  trustee  of  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  and  of  Brown  University, 
and  as  a  deacon  and  trustee  of  the  Fitst  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Keen  gives  a  practical  , 
illustration  of  the  vast  influence  that  may  be  exerted 
by  men  who,  while  serving  sufferin*  humanity, 
are  led  by  the  teachings  of  Jesus.      ,  " 

Keith,  Hon.  George  H.,  Wi.  '^ '  a  in  Randolph, 
Orange  Cc,  Vt.,  May  4,  1825.  He  is  of  Scotch  de- 
scent. His  ancestors  came  to  this  country  early  in 
the  seventeenth  century.  He  received  his  elemen- 
tary education  at  the  public  school  in  his  n'ltive^ 
town.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  thevliimball 
Union  Academy  at  Meriden,  N.  II.  Here  he  de- 
vote<l  four  years  to  study  and  teaching.  He  then 
received  the  n-iioincment  of  superintendent  of  the 


KEITH 


643 


KELLEY 


primary  department  of  Franklin  College,  Ind. 
After  holding  this  position  one  year  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine,  and  graduated  from  the 
medical  college  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  in  1852.  In 
1S5.')  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  was  elected  to  the  first  Legislature 
of  Minnesota  in  IS.iS  and  18.59.  In  1862  he  was 
ap[ioiiited  surgeon  of  the  expedition  sent  to  relieve 
Fort  Abercrombie.  In  180.3  he  was  appointed  pro- 
vost marshal  for  the  second  district  of  Minnesota, 
which  position  he  filled  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  May,  1871,  he  was  commissioned  by  President 
Grant  postmaster  of  Minneapolis,  which  office  he 
yet  honorably  fills. 


UOX.  GEORGE    11.   KEITH. 


lie  was  converted  in  Octolier,  1838,  and  applied 
for  membership  in  the  Frec-Will  Baptist  church, 
of  which  his  parents  were  members.  IIjs  experi- 
ence was  satisfactory,  but  the  pastor  and  church 
thought  him  too  young  to  make  a  profession  of  re- 
ligion, and  advised  him  to  wait  six  months.  At 
the  end  of  that  time  he  was  baptized  and  received 
into  tlffe  fellowsbiij.of  the  church.  In  1846  he 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  chuij^jli  in  Indianapo- 
lis, Ind.,  \\C .  r.  R.  Cressey  pastOT.  He  has  ever 
been  an  earncstKvf  ker  in  all  departments  of  Chris- 
tian labor.  He  w.  .-■  tl.  "irst  president  of  the  Min- 
nesota "Baptist  State  f"'"  .'ention,  and  has  been  a 
continuous  memlier  of  its  board  of  trustees,  except 
.when  absent  during  the  war.  He  was  active  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Minnesota  Academy  at 
Owatouna. 

Keithian  ftuaker  Baptists.— In  the  early  his- 


tory of  William  Penn's  colony  a  serious  contro- 
versy broke  out  among  the  Quakers  about  "  the 
sufficiency  of  what  every  man  naturally  has  within 
himself  for  the  purpose  of  his  own  salvation." 
Some  denied  this  sufficiency,  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, exalted  Christ  and  the  Scriptures  more 
than  Barclay  had  done.  George  Keith,  an  impetu- 
ous and  talented  Scotchman,  was  the  leader  in  re- 
sisting Quaker  orthodoxy.  The  dispute  was  carried 
on  with  much  bitterness,  and  in  lO'Jl  it  led  to  a  di- 
vision and  the  establishment  of  separate  meetings 
in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  Keith  and  his 
friends  published  a  confession  of  their  faith,  and 
other  works  in  favor  of  their  views,  and  in  denun- 
ciation of  ''  the  slanders,  fines,  imprisonments,  and 
other  persecutions  which  they  endured  from  their 
brethren.''  Keith  soon  turned  Episcopalian  :  others 
were  reconciled  to  their  brethren  ;  and  many  be- 
came Baptists,  Seventh-Day  and  Regular.  Accord- 
ing to  Morgan  Edw.ards,  the  Keithian  Quakers 
started  the  Seventh-Day  Baptist  denomination  in 
Pennsylvania.  The  Regular  Baptists  obtained  val- 
uable accessions  from  the  Keithians  in  Philadel- 
phia, Lower  Dublin,  Southampton,  and  Ppper  Prov- 
idence. They  were  called  Quaker  Baptists  because 
they  retained  the  language,  dress,  and  manners  of 
the  Quakers. 

Kellar,  Rev.  William,  an  eminent  pioneer 
Baptist  minister,  of  German  extraction,  was  born 
in  Shenandoah  Co.,  Va.,  in  1768.  .  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  East  Tennessee,  ami  afterwards  in 
what  is  now  Oldham  Co.,  Ky.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  forming  Ilarrod's  Creek  church  in  1797, 
Eighteen-Mile  church  in  180().  and  Lick  Branch 
(now  Lagrange)  church  in  1802.  In  18113.  Long 
Run  Association  was  constituted,  of  wliicli  he  was 
chosen  moderator,  and  filled  that  office  four  years. 
In  1812  he  raised  a  company  of  volunteers,  of 
which  he  was  commissioned  captain.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  resumed  his  pastorates,  and  labored 
diligently  in  his  profession.  lie  was  greatly  be- 
loved by  the  people,  and  led  many  souls  to  Christ, 
lie  died  Oct.  6.  1817. 

Kelley,  Rev.  Edwin  D.,  was  born  in  North  Clar- 
endon, Vt.,  .June  18,  1840,  pursued  his  preparatory 
studies  at  Rutland,  Vt ,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1860.  After  te;u-bing  a  while 
in  Granville,  O..  he  entered  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution, and  graduated  in  June,  1871.  He  was 
appointed  a  missionary  to  the  Shans,  and  reached 
Toungoo  Feb.  30,  1872.  He  had  so  far  made  him- 
self fiimiliar  with  the  language,  that  he  was  able 
to  teach  and  to  preach  in  it  in  less  than  one  year, 
which  was  all  the  time  that  he  had  to  devote  to  his 
missionary  work.  He  was  drowned  in  Shanland, 
Jan.  1,  1873.  The  editor  of  the  Missionai-y  Maga- 
zine says  of  him  :  "  Mr.  Kelley  was  a  good  scholar, 
and  possessed  a  remarkable  aptness  for  the  acqui- 


KKLLIS 


644 


KELTON 


sition  of  languages.  He  was  also  a  well  educated 
theologian,  and  a  devout  and  earnest  Christian. 
He  was  modest  and  firm  in  following  his  convic- 
tions, a  man  of  sound  and  discriminating  views  of 
truth,  and  of  much  promise  us  a  missionary." 

Kellis,  Rev.  Lewis  C,  an  active  and  efficient 
minister,  who  resides  at  Monroe,  La.,  but  supplies 
the  churches  at  Bastrop,  Oak  Ridge,  Delhi,  and 
AVynn  Island,  situated  between  the  Ouachita  and 
Bayou  Macon  Rivers ;  was  born  in  Mississippi ; 
educated  at  Summerville  Institute  and  Mississippi 
College,  lie  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1874,  and 
became  pastor  at  Alto.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  he  became  pastor  at  Trenton  and  Delhi.  Mr. 
Kellis  has  been  successful  in  his  work.  He  is 
a  ready  writer,  and  has  contributed  largely  to  the 
Baptist  papers  of  Mississippi  and  Louisiana.  He 
is  about  thirty  years  of  age. 

Kelly,  Robert,  son  of  Robert  Kelly,  an  Irish 
patriot,  who  in  1790  emigrated  to  New  York,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Dec.  15,  1808.  From 
early  youth  Robert  Kelly  was  inclined  to  study.  lie 
was  diligent,  pure-minded,  and  honorable.  lie  en- 
tered Culumliia  College  the  first  of  his  class,  and 
maintained  tliat  position  to  his  graduation  in  1826. 
In  mercantile  life  he  was  distinguished  by  indus- 
try and  energy.  His  integrity  and  sense  of  honor 
were  utterly  beyond  the  reach  of  temptation.  lie 
learned  the  French,  Spanish,  Italian,  German,  and 
Hebrew  languages.  On  retiring  from  business  he 
followed  this  bent  of  his  mind,  and  remained  to 
the  end  of  life  a  student.  Naturally,  he  became  a 
leader  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  higher  educa- 
tion. He  was  conspicuous  in  the  organiz«tion  of 
the  institution  now  known  as  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  York. 

For  many  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  New  York,  and  also  of  Madison  and  Rochester 
Universities,  which  institutions  are  largely  indebted 
to  his  generosity,  his  judgment  and  labors.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  which  organized  the 
course  of  study  in  the  University  at  Rochester.  His 
services  in  education  were  recognized  by  his  election 
as  one  of  the  regents  of  the  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York.  In  the  House  of  Refuge  and  in  the 
Institution  for  the  Benefit  of  Merchants'  Clerks  he 
took  a  leading  part.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  New 
York  Society  Library.  There  was  scarcely  a  form 
of  public  activity  in  the  city,  whether  financial, 
fiduciary,  charitable,  commercial,  or  literary,  in 
which,  in  some  way,  he  did  not  bear  a  prominent 
part. 

Without  political  office,  except  that  of  city  cham- 
berlain, he  was  fitted  to  adorn  any  civic  station, 
and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  at  the  height  of  his 
powers,  he  was  without  question  one  of  the  very 
foremost  citizens  of  New  York.     He  never  made  a 


public  profession  of  religion,  but  was  a  Christian 
man,  a  Baptist  by  conviction,  and  a  devoted  at- 
tendant on  the  ministry  of  Wni.  R.  Williams, 
D.D.,  his  lifelong  friend.  He  died  in  New  York 
City,  April  27.  185f.. 

Kelly,  Hon.  William,  son  of  Robert  Kolly.  an 
Irish  patriot  who  fled  from  his  native  land  in  1796 
to  find  liberty  in  the  New  World,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  Feb.  4,  1807.  His  father  be- 
came a  very  prosperous  merchant,  and  died  in 
1825,  leaving  three  sons,  John,  William,  and  Rob- 
ert. They  continued  his  business  for  several  years 
with  great  success.  In  1836  Jolin  died,  and  in 
1837  William'  and  Robert  retired,  each  with  an 
ample  competence.  In  all  their  arduous  business 
davs  the  brothers  maintained  a  love  for  literature, 
refinement,  and  the  high  moral  and  religious  tone 
for  which  their  early  home  liad  been  so  long  con- 
spicuous. In  1842,  AVilliam  purchased  a  property 
on  the  Hudson,  near  Rhinebeck,  which  he  made 
his  permanent  residence,  and  which  his  energy 
and  taste  invested  with  every  attraction.  For  two 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  he  was  a  candidate  for  governor 
against  Edward  D.  Morgan,  his  successful  competi- 
tor. Mr.  Kelly  was  a  man  of  large  heart,  and 
constantly,  though  silently,  dispensed  his  gifts  and 
charities.  He  was  trustee  at  th6  beginning,  and 
for  some  years  after,  of  Cornell  University,  the 
mathematical  portion  of  which  bears  his  name  in 
acknowledgment  of  a  generous  donation.  He  was 
also  a  trustee  of  Vassar  College  and  of  Rochester 
University  at  the  time  of  his  death,  of  the  first 
from  its  inception,  and  of  the  last  from  the  death 
of  his  brother  Robert,  whose  vacant  seat  he  was 
called  to  fill.  He  was  a  liberal  contributor  to 
Rochester,  a  final  subscription  of  §20,000  being 
made  not  long  before  his  decease.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church  at  Rhinebeck,  where  his 
widow  still  resides.  He  died  in  Torquay,  England, 
whither  he  had  gone  in  hope  of  restoration  to  health, 
Jan.  14,  1872. 

Kelton,  Rev.  Williain  H.,  was  born  in  1835; 
entered  the  New  Hampton  Institution  in  1855, 
having  previously  spent  some  time  in  the  Bangor 
Theological  Seminary,  and  graduated  in  1858.  He 
was  ordained,  soon  after  his  graduation,  as  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Bluehill,  Me.,  and  subsequently 
was  pastor  for  a  time  at  West  Waterville,  Me. 
His  health  was 'broken  down  in  consequence  of  his 
hard  experience  in  the  army  as  a'^worker,  sent  to 
the  seat  of  war  by  the  Christian  Commission,  and 
he  did  not  attempt  mir^^'vurial  labor  until  1865, 
when  he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  North 
Scituate,  Mass.  Here  he  did  excellent  service  for 
the  cause  of  Christ  until  the  Master  called  him  to 
his  reward.  He  died  April  4,  1871.  He  was  very 
greatly  beloved  by  a  large  circle  of  friends,  who 


KEMPER 


645 


KENDALL 


sincerely  mourned  over  what  to  them  seemed  his 
untimely  end. 

Kemper,  Rev.  Burdette,  a  popular  and  useful 
minister  of  Garranl  Co..  Ky.,  where  he  was  born 
Feb.  24, 1788,  was  of  German  extraction.  He  was 
converted,  and  became  a  member  of  Forks  of  Hix 
River  churcli  in  IS-'O,  and  at  the  ai;e  of  forty-five 
was  ordained  to  the  niini.stry.  He  was  immediately 
associated  with  John  S.  Iliggins  in  ministering  to 
the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member.  On  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  Higgins,  in  1839,  Mr.  Kemper 
became  the  pastor,  and  under  his  ministry  the 
church  greatly  prospered  and  increased  in  num- 
bers, until  it  embraced  a  membership  of  more  than 
500.  Besides  performing  his  pastoral  labors,  Mr. 
Kemper  preached  to  several  of  the  churches  of 
South  District  Association,  of  which  he  was  mod- 
erator twenty-five  years.     He  died  March  18, 1876. 

Kempton,  George,  D.D.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  in  1810.  He  graduated  from  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution  in  1839. 
After  preaching  a  few  years  in  the  South  he  be- 
came pastor  of  Spruce  Street  church,  Philadelphia, 
and  remained  for  eight  years.  He  also  had  charge 
of  the  Lower  Dublin  church,  in  Philadelphia,  for 
five  years.  He  presided  over  the  First  church  in 
New  Brunswick,  X.  J.,  for  five  years.  From  a 
partial  failure  of  health,  in  1803  he  located  in 
Hammonton,  N.  J.,  and  has  preached  for  the 
church  there  with  great  acceptance.  In  1859  Mad- 
ison University  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  He 
is  a  sound  theologian  and  a  logical  preacher. 

Kempton,  Rev.  S.  Bradford,  A.M.,  was  born 
in  November,  1834,  at  Milton,  Queens  County, 
Nova  Scotia ;  converted  and  baptized  there  in 
1853 ;  graduated  from  Acadia  College  in  1862 ; 
ordained  pastor  at  New  Minas,  Sept.  16,  1863 ; 
took  charge  of  the  First  Cornwallis  church  in  1868, 
being  the  third  minister  that  has  held  that  position 
since  1808  ;  sound  theologian,  good  preacher,  and 
pastor. 

Kendall,  Hon.  Amos,  was  bom  near  AVobum, 
Mass.,  -Vug.  16,  1789.  By  great  self-denial  and 
perseverance  he  prepared  for  college,  and  entered 
Dartmouth  in  the  spring  of  1808,  from  which  he 
graduated  with  distinction.  After  leaving  college 
he  entered  the  law-office  of  W.  M.  Richardson,  at 
Groton,  Mass.,  but,  encountering  numerous  perplex- 
ing difficulties,  he  made  preparations  for  leaving 
New  England.  Accordingly  he  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  engaged  as  tutor  in  the  family  of  Henry- 
Clay,  then  residing  near  Lexington.  After  contin- 
uing in  this  position  for  a  few  months,  he  became 
editor  of  a  newspaper  in  Georgetown,  and  at  the 
same  time  opened  a  law-office  there.  In  1816  he 
became  co-editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Arijiis.  a  jour- 
nal published  at  Frankfort.  lie  held  this  position 
for  several  years,  and  became  one  of  the  most  influ- 


ential writers  on  local  and  State  politics  in  Ken- 
tucky. In  1826  he  was  appointed  fourth  auditor  of 
the  treasury  by  President  Jackson,  and  in  conse- 
quence removed  to  Washington.  This  position  he 
filled  with  great  advantage  to  the  government  and 
honor  to  himself  for  five  years,  when,  through  his 
great  executive  ability,  and  the  vigorous  aid  which 
he  gave  to  the  administration,  he  was  appointed,  in 
1835,  postmaster-general.  The  energy  with  which 
he  carried  on  this  important  department  of  the 
government  was  soon  evident,  but  the  fidelity  with 
which  he  managed  its  affairs  subjected  him  to  some 
vexatious  and  damaging  pjrosecutions  at  the  hands 
of  his  enemies.  In  1840,  in  consequence  of  im- 
paired health,  he  sent  to  the  President  his  resigna- 
tion from  the  office,  and  was  thus  relieved  of  the 


HON.  AMOS    KEXD.VLL. 

great  burden.  Mr.  Kendall  while  residing  in 
Washington  was  connected  with  several  different 
daily  journals,  in  which  many  of  the  absorbing 
questions  of  the  day  were  discussed  with  much 
pungency  and  power.  He  became  interested  at  a 
very  early  day  in  Prof.  Morse's  telegraph  opera- 
tions, and  by  his  business  energy  and  tact  gave  a 
great  impetus  to  the  movement.  In  1857  he  gave 
a  house  and  two  acres  of  land,  near  the  boundary- 
line  of  the  city  of  AVashington.  for  an  institution 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  which,  under  the  judicious 
guidance  of  its  superintendent,  Edward  M.  Gallau- 
det,  LL.D.,  and  the  generous  appropriations  of  the 
United  States  government,  has  become  the  only  col- 
lege in  the  world  with  a  regular  and  full  curriculum 
for  deaf  mutes. 


KENDRICK 


646 


KENDRICK 


Mr.  Kendiill,  altliougli  iiHlulj;in;r  the  thought  that 
he  had  been  converted  early  in  life,  was  not  bap- 
tized until  April,  1865,  the  ceremony  taking  place  in 
the  E  Street  church  ;  he  became  a  member,  how- 
ever, of  the  Calvary  Baptist  chunh,  whose  pastor 
at  the  time  was  the  Kcv.  J.  S.  Kenuard.  He  took 
a  deep  interest  in  securing  a  church  edifice  for  the 
society  with  which  he  became  thus  connected,  and 
contributed  for  the  purpose  nearly  §100,000.  On 
the  3d  of  June,  1S66,  the  new  house  was  dedicated, 
and  the  church  entered  at  once  on  a  most  prosperous 
career.  In  June  of  1866,  feeling  the  need  of  rest 
and  recreation,  Mr.  Kendall  visited  Europe,  being 
absent  about  fifteen  months.  On  Sunday  morning, 
Oct.  15,  1867,  the  beautiful  edifice  of  the  Calvary 
church  was  destroyed  by  fire,  nothing  being  left 
but  the  blackened  walls.  Encouraged  by  Mr. 
Kendall,  a  new  structure  was  sioon  reared,  towards 
the  cost  of  which  (the  insurance  money  received 
being  :?80,000)  he  gave  upwards  of  §15,000.  This 
new  building  was  dedicated  July  11,  1869.  He 
gave  to  the  Columbian  College,  of  which  he  was  al- 
ways a  stanch  friend  and  counselor,  $6000,  to 
purchase  a  classical  scholarship,  which  should  be 
enjoyed  during  six  years  by  the  best-prepared  pupil 
in  anyone  of  the  public  schools  of  AVashington.  He 
also  endowed  two  mission  Sunday-schools,  his 
contributions  to  them  amounting  in  all  to  about 
$25,000.     He  died  in  Washington,  Nov.  12,  1869. 

Kendrick,  Adin  A.,  L.D.,  the  present  president 
of  Shurtletf  College,  was  born  at  Tioonderoga, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  7,  1836.  lie  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Albert 
Kendrick.  Dr.  Kendrick  is  of  the  family  to  which 
have  belonged  several  eminent  men  of  that  name, 
including  Adin  Kendrick,  M.D.,  of  Poultney,  Vt., 
his  grandfather ;  Rev.  Ariel  Kendrick,  of  New 
Hampshire;  Kev.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  the 
first  president  of  what  is  now  Madison  University, 
and  one  of  its  founders ;  and  Rev.  Clark  Kendrick, 
of  Vermont ;  with  whom  may  be  included,  as  still 
living.  Prof.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  D.D.,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Rochester,  and  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Kendrick, 
D.D.,  of  Poughkeepsie. 

President  Kendrick  received  his  education  at 
Granville  Academy,  in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  at 
Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  and  at  the  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary.  Upon  leaving  college,  and 
before  commencing  his  theological  course,  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  practising  that 
profession  at  JanesviUe,  Wis.,  and  afterward  for  a 
short  time  at  St.  Louis.  Deciding  to  study  for  the 
ministry,  he  went  to  Rochester  for  his  theological 
course,  graduating  there  in  1861.  His  first  pastor- 
ate was  in  Chicago,  where  he  served  in  that 
capacity  the  North  Baptist  church  until  1805, 
when  he  returned  to  St.  Louis  as  assistant  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church.  Rev.  Galusha  Ander- 
Bon  being  the  senior  pastor.     After  a  year  and  a 


half  he  liecame  |)astor  of  the  Beaumont  Street 
church.  In  1872  he  was  chosen  president  of  Shurt- 
leff  College. 

Although  comparatively  a  young  man.  Dr. 
Kendrick  discharges  the  duties  of  his  present 
responsible  post  with  marked  efficiency  and  suc- 
cess. With  unusual  gifts  of  attractive  public  ad- 
dress he  combines  studious  habits,  a  special  taste 
for  the  high  themes  which  belong  to  his  chair  as 
instructor,  and   qualities  as  a  teacher   and  disoi- 


ADIN    A.  KENDRICK,  D.D. 

plinarian  which  give  him  every  year  a  stronger 
hold  upon  his  work  and  upon  those  under  his  care. 
The  college  has  never  prospered  more  than  under 
his  administration  ;  year  by  year  it  is  taking  higher 
rank  upon  the  roll  of  American  colleges.  Dr. 
Kendrick  is  always  cordially  received  on  the  vari- 
ous public  occasions,  in  his  own  State  and  else- 
where, when  service  is  required  of  him,  and  invari- 
ably acquits  himself  in  a  way  which  commands  the 
respect  of  all. 

Kendrick,  Albert,  M.D.,  of  Waukesha,  AYis.,  is 
a  native  of  Vermont,  and  a  sun  of  Adin  Kendrick, 
a  prominent  physician  of  Poultney,  where  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  born  Aug.  1,  1813.  At  the 
age  of  seven  years  Albert  had  his  riglit  hand 
nearly  severed  from  the  arm,  disabling  him  ever 
afterward  for  all  kinds  of  manual  labor.  He  was 
therefore  kept  at  school  through  the  early  years  of 
his  life.  He  studied  at  Hamilton  Literary  Insti- 
tution (now  Madison  University).  lie  graduated 
from  the  medical  school  in  Woodstock.  Vt.,  when 
twenty  years  of  age.     He  commenced  the  practice 


KENDRICK 


647 


KENDRICK 


of  his  profession  in  Poultney,  Vt.,  wliere  lie  resided 
three  years.  Subsequently  he  removed  to  Ticon- 
deroga,  N.  Y.,  and  remained  three  years.  He  then 
settled  in  Granville,  N.  Y.,  and  practised  medicine 
fir  sixteen  years,  and  in  June,  1855,  he  located  in 
Waukeslui,Wis.,  wliicli  has  since  been  his  home. 

Dr.  Kendrick  is  a  man  of  fine  standini;  in  his 
profession,  and  thoroutihly  conscientious.  Ho  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church  since  he 
was  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  is  a  nephew  of  Na- 
thaniel Kendrick,  D.D.,  once  president  of  Mad- 
ison University,  a  cousin  of  A.  C.  Kendrick,  D.D., 
the  eminent  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University 
of  Ivocbester,  and  the  father  of  A.  A.  Kendrick, 
D.D.,  the  president  of  Shurtleff  College,  at  Upper 
Alton,  111. 

In  the  Baptist  church  at  AVaukesha  he  is  a 
trusted  pillar.  In  the  denomination  of  the  State 
he  is  highly  esteemed  for  his  wise  counsels  and  in- 
telligent views.  lie  is  a  liberal  contrilnitor  to  the 
religious  and  benevolent  work  of  his  denomina- 
tion. 

Kendrick,  Asahel  C,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Poultney,  Vt.,  Dec.  7,  ISD'J.  When  thirteen  years 
of  age  he  went  to  Hamilton,  N.  Y'.,  where  his  uncle, 
Nathaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  held  the  presidency  of 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
lie  pursued  a  course  of  study  to  prepare  himself 
for  college.  He  entered  the  junior  class  of  Hamil- 
ton College,  at  Clinton,  N.  Y.  At  the  end  of  one 
year  he  returned  to  Hamilton,  and  was  employed 
as  teacher  in  the  village  academy.  He  then  re- 
entered Hamilton  College,  and  was  graduated  in 
1831.  He  was  appointed  tutor  in  the  literary  and 
theological  seminary  at  Hamilton  (now  Madison) 
University,  and  the  next  year  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Greek  and  Latin.  Relieved  after  a  few 
years  of  the  Latin  department,  he  held  the  Greek 
chair  until  1850,  when,  on  the  establishment  of  the 
University  of  Rochester,  he  accepted  the  Greek  pro- 
fessorship in  that  institution,  which  he  still  con- 
tinues to  fill.  In  1852  he  went  to  Europe,  perfect- 
ing his  knowledge  of  Greek  in  the  University  of 
Athens.  He  also  visited  .several  Italian  and  Ger- 
man universities,  studying  the  educational  methods 
of  those  celebrated  centres  of  learning.  After  two 
years  he  returned  to  his  duties  at  Rochester.  While 
he  is  an  admitted  authority  in  Greek,  he  is  not 
lacking  in  other  languages,  ancient  and  modern. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  employed  in  the  re- 
vision of  the  New  Testament.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  Greek  text-books.  He  brought  out  a  re- 
vised edition  of  Olshausen's  "  Commentary  on  the 
New  Testament."  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  me- 
moir of  Mrs.  Emily  C.  Judson,  wife  of  Dr.  Judson, 
the  missi(mary.  His  poetic  talent  was  shown  when 
a  mere  lad  by  anonymous  contributions  to  the  vil- 
lage papers  of  Hamilton,  which  created  consider- 


able discussion  among  the  students  and  people  as 
to  their  authorship.  In  later  years  he  has  brought 
out  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  "Echoes,"  some 
of  which  were  greatly  admired  in  literary  circles. 
As  a  teacher  of  the  Greek  language  he  has  no  supe- 
rior in  America.  He  has  made  that  a  specialty. 
He  has  never  been  a  pastor,  but  he  has  often,  to  the 
great  satisfaction  of  the  churches,  supplied  the  pul- 
pits of  pastors.  His  profound  learning,  especially 
in  the  field  of  New  Testament  exegesis,  gives  his 
discourses  a  value  and  a  public  interest  rarely 
found  in  sermons. 

Kendrick,  Rev.  Clark,  was  born  in  Hanover, 
N.  II.,  Oct.  6,  1775.  The  death  of  his  father  was 
the  occasion  which  led  to  his  removal  to  Vermont, 
in  which  State  most  of  his  life  was  spent  in  con- 
stant efforts  to  advance  the  Redeemer's  kingdom. 
Ilis  conversion  took  place  in  1797.  He  seems  at 
once  to  have  been  impressed  with  the  conviction  that 
it  was  his  duty  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Christian 
ministry.  Although  at  first  shrinking  from  as- 
suming the  responsibilities  of  the  sacred  office,  he 
concluded,  after  much  struggle,  to  obey  what  he 
regarded  as  a  divine  call,  and,  with  such  prepara- 
tion for  the  work  as  he  could  obtain,  he  entered 
upon  his  ministerial  labors,  and  was  ordained 
A]iril  20,  1802,  at  Poultney,  Vt.  Revivals  of  re- 
ligion followed  his  preaching,  one  of  which,  that 
in  1816,  resulted  in  an  addition  of  more  than  100 
persons  to  his  church. 

Mr.  Kendrick  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree 
the  missionary  spirit.  The  religious  destitution  of 
his  adopted  State  deeply  touched  his  sympathies. 
He  made  tours  to  difierent  sections  of  Vermont,  the 
northern  parts  of  New  Y^ork  and  Canada,  and  la- 
bored most  zealously  to  give  the  gospel  to  multi- 
tudes who  were  deprived  almost  wholly  of  the 
means  of  grace.  His  interest  in  missions  extended 
to  heathen  lands,  and  he  was  among  the  most  effi- 
cient agents  in  giving  momentum  to  the  efforts  of 
the  Baptist  churches — aroused  to  new  life  by  the 
stirring  appeals  of  Luther  Rice — to  carry  the  news 
of  salvation  to  the  dark  corners  of  the  earth.  Min- 
isterial education  also  was  another  cause  which  en- 
listed his  zeal  and  called  forth  his  earnest  eflbrts. 
The  Vermont  Baptist  Education  Society  was  formed 
mainly  through  his  instrumentality,  and  he  was 
chosen  its  president,  and  became  its  agent  to  visit 
the  churches.  To  provide  an  educational  home  for 
these  young  men,  the  Baptists  in  Vermont  pro- 
posed to  start  an  institution  of  learning  having 
special  reference  to  the  training  of  indigent  stu- 
dents to  become  preachers  of  the  gospel.  The  Bap- 
tists of  the  central  and  western  districts  of  the  State 
of  New  York  had  a  similar  plan  in  their  minds. 
It  was  decided  at  length  to  unite  efforts  and  estab- 
lish the  desired  institution  in  some  locality  that 
would  be  convenient  to  all  the  parties  concerned. 


KENDRICK 


648 


KENDRICK 


This  locality  was  Iliuiiilton,  N.  Y.,  the  seat  of  the 
now  tiouiishing  Madison  University.  Mr.  Ken- 
drick  was  selected  as  an  agent  to  solicit  funds  for 
the  new  institution,  and  for  the  remainder  of  his 
life  devoted  himself  with  great  singleness  of  pur- 
pose to  this  work,  and  to  him  the  infant  seminary 
owed  a  debt  of  gratitude  larger  than  it  could  ever 
repay. 

Thus  it  was  that  the  life  of  Mr.  Kendrick  was 
filled  with  deeds  of  Christian  benevolence  and  un- 
wearied activity  in  the  cause  of  his  Master.  He  was 
a  recognized  power  in  his  State,  greatly  honored 
and  respected  wherever  he  was  known.  Middle- 
bury  College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  in  1819.  His  death  occurred 
Feb.  29,  1824.  The  loss  of  the  denomination  by 
this  premature  cutting  down  of  one  of  its  strongest 
pillars  was  very  great.  It  was  not  easy  to  supply 
the  vacancy  thus  made.  It  is  pleasant  to  know  that 
the  mantle  of  the  father  fell  on  sons  who  have  risen 
up  to  render  honor  to  their  beloved  parent.  The 
influence  which  he  so  widely  exerted  has  been  ex- 
tended in  many  directions  by  those  who  bear  his 
venerated  name  and  inherit  the  virtues  which 
shone  so  brightly  in  his  character. 

Kendrick,  James  Ryland,  D.D.,  youngest 
child  of  Rev.  Clark  and  Esther  Thomson  Kendrick, 
was  born  in  Poultney,  Vt.,  April  21,  1821.  He 
pursued  his  early  studies  at  Hamilton  Seminary, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  made  a  profession  of  religion  and 
joined  the  church,  February,  1837.  lie  entered  the 
Junior  class  of  Brown  University  in  September, 
1838,  and  graduated  with  the  "  classical  oration" 
in  1840.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  same  year  he 
removed  to  the  State  of  Georgia,  where  he  taught 
school  for  two  years,  having  been  licensed  and  or- 
dained at  Forsyth  in  the  autumn  of  1842.  In  the 
spring  of  1843  he  entered  on  his  first  pastorate  in 
Macon,  Ga.  After  a  ministry  of  nearly  five  years 
in  Macon,  Dr.  Kendrick  was  called,  in  1847,  to 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charleston,  S.  C, 
where  he  remained  for  nearly  seven  years.  He 
left  this  position  to  accompany  a  little  colony  of 
Baptists  who  established  what  is  now  known  as  the 
"Citadel  Square  church,'"  of  Charleston,  and  who 
built  what  is  probably  the  best  Baptist  house  of 
worship  south  of  the  Potomac.  The  civil  war 
liaving  straitened  his  flock,  he  retired  from  this  field 
in  May,  1802,  after  a  pastorate  of  nearly  eight 
years.  During  the  further  continuance  of  the  war 
he  preached  for  the  Baptist  church  in  Madison,  Ga. 
At  the  close  of  the  great  struggle  his  Union  senti- 
ments led  him  North,  and  he  settled  with  the' 
Tabernacle  Baptist  church.  New  York  City,  in 
November,  1865,  where  he  remained  nearly  seven 
years.  In  September,  1873,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Poughkeepsie,  where  he  still  labors, 
having  secured  the  building  of  a  fine  and  commo- 


dious house  of  worship.  He  has  no  living  children. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Rochester  University  in  1866.  He  was  for 
some  time  associate  editor  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
newspaper,  published  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  Several 
tracts  from  his  pen  have  lieen  published,  among 
them  the  following;  "  Responsibility  for  our  Be- 
lief," "Human  Depravity,"  "Address  to  Chris- 
tians on  the  Subject  of  Temperance."  He  has  also 
published  several  sermons  on  a  variety  of  subjects. 
Of  late  yeai-s  he  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  Examiner  and  Chronicle,  New  York.  He  is  a 
brother  of  Prof.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of 
Rochester  University.  Ho  is  noble-minded,  gen- 
erous, cordial  in  his  manners,  of  commanding 
presence,  devout  in  spirit,  and  a  good  preacher. 

Kendrick,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Han- 
over, N.  11.,  April  22,  1777.  His  parents,  among 
the  first  settlers  of  the  town,  were  both  members 
of  the  Congregational  Church.     He  labored  on  the 


NATHANIEL   KENDRICK,  D.D. 

farm  until  he  was  twenty,  and  then,  with  his 
father's  consent,  divided  his  time  between  teaching 
a  school  and  attending  the  academy.  About  this 
period  he  was  converted,  through  a  revival  that  oc- 
curred in  a  small  Baptist  church  ;  but,  not  being 
ready  to  give  up  the  faith  of  his  childhood,  he 
sought  from  both  a  Baptist  and  a  Congregational 
minister  a  statement  of  their  views,  and  their 
reasons  for  holding  them.  Not  satisfied  by  this 
method,  he  resolved  to  examine  the  New  Testament, 
and  after  prosecuting  his  studies  for  nine  months 
he  became  satisfied  that  the  peculiarities  of  the 


KENNARD 


649 


KENNARD 


Baptists  were  derived  from  and  supported  by  tlie 
N'ew  Testament,  and  he  was  immersed  in  April, 
1798. 

During  the  succeeding  four  years  he  engaged  in 
farm  labors  and  academic  studies,  uncertain  as  to 
his  permanent  life-work,  feeling  a  stroug  disposition 
to  enter  the  ministry,  but  shrinking  from  its  re- 
sponsibilities. Satisfied  at  length  that  it  was  his 
duty  to  preach,  he  spent  some  time  in  studying  with 
Kev.  Mr.  Burroughs,  of  Hanover;  with  Kev. -Dr. 
Asa  Burton,  of  Thetford  ;  with  Dr.  Emmons,  of 
Franklin  ;  and  with  Drs.  Stillman  and  Baldwin, 
of  Boston.  By  the  church  of  the  latter  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  the  spring  of  1803,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-six. 

lie  began  preaching  as  a  supply  at  Bellingham, 
.Mass  ,  where  he  remained  one  year.  Declining 
their  call,  he  was  ordained  at  Lansingburg,  N.  Y., 
in  August,  180.3.  In  1810  he  settled  at  Middlebury, 
Vt.,  dividing  his  time  between  this  and  three  other 
feeble  churches. 

In  1817  he  settled  with  the  churches  at  Eaton 
and  Morrisville,  N.  Y.,  resigning  the  latter  in  1820 
to  lecture  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution.  In  1821  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Systematic  and  Pastoral  Theology.  In  1823  re- 
ceived D.D.  from  Brown  University.  In  1824  he 
located  in  Hamilton  Village.  In  1825-37  was  one 
of  the  overseers  of  Hamilton  College,  at  Clinton, 
N.  Y.  In  1836  was  chosen  president  of  the  Ham- 
ilton Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  but, 
while  acting  as  such,  did  not  formally  accept  the 
office ;  corresponding  secretary  of  New  York  Baptist 
Educational  Society  from  18.34  to  1848  ;  died  Feb. 
11,  1848,  after  a  lingering  and  painful  illness  caused 
by  a  fall  in  1845. 

Dr.  Kendrick's  great  work  was  in  the  Hamilton 
Institution.  In  his  manners  he  was  a  dignified 
Christian  gentleman.  His  theology  belonged  to  the 
Edwards  form  of  Calvinism.  As  a  counselor  he 
was  wise  and  safe.  See  also  article  Madisox  Usi- 
VERSITV,  and  for  a  complete  sketch  see  "  Xathaniel 
Kendrick"  (American  Baptist  Publication  Society): 
consult  also  "  Sprague's  Annals,"  jubilee  volume 
Madison  University, 

Kennard,  Joseph  Hugg,  D,D.,  was  born  in 
Iladdontield,  N.  J.,  April  24,  1798  ;  baptized  by 
Rev.  Daniel  Dodge,  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  July  3, 
1814;  began  to  preach  when  but  seventeen  years 
of  age,  and  attracted  at  once  great  attention  on  ac- 
count of  his  youth  and  fervor;  was  licensed  in  Sep- 
tember, 18 IS,  and  in  1819  undertook  an  agency  to 
present  the  claims  of  missions,  under  the  direction 
of  Luther  Rice.  Became  pastor  at  Burlington, 
N,  J„  Nov,  14,  1819  ;  at  Hopewell,  N.J,,  January, 
1822;  and  at  Blockley,  Pa.,  in  October,  1823.  In 
1832  took  charge  of  the  Now  Market  Street  church, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  six  years.  In 
42 


1838  Avent  with  a  colony  from  the  New  Market 
Street  church  to  form  the  Tenth  church,  and  re- 
mained pastor  of  it  until  his  death,  June  24,  1866, — 
a  period  of  twenty-eight  years.  A  natural,  grace- 
ful and  vigorous  style  in  presenting  doctrinal  as 
well  as  practical  truths,  united  with  tenderest 
sympathies,  made  Dr,  Kennard  one  of  the  most 
successful  preachers  of  his  day. 

During  his  ministry  of  nearly  fifty  years  he  was 
the  means  of  the  conversion  of  over  3000  people, 
2.W0  of  whom  he  himself  baptized.  No  man  in 
Philadelphia  was  move  sincerely  loved,  or  is  more 
affectionately  remembered.  Nor  was  he  merely  a 
pastor.  All  agencies  for  the  redemption  of  men 
had  his  sympathy  and  support.  In  his  early  life 
he  traveled  much  in  destitute  regions  to  preach 


^^  , 


josErn  nroG  kexn.vrd,  d.d. 

Christ  and  establish  Baptist  churches.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Pcnn.sylvania  General 
Association,  and  a  life-long  member  of  the  Board 
of  the  Publication  Society,  lie  was  among  the  first 
to  advocate  the  temperance  cause.  In  the  great 
noonday  prayer-meetings  of  1857  he  was  a  most 
conspicuous  leader,  A  number  of  the  Baptist 
churches  of  Philadelphia  owe  their  origin  to  him. 
No  man  was  more  earnest  in  his  advocacy  of 
foreign  and  home  missions,  lie  sought  in  every 
way  to  secure  a  first-class  education  for  the  rising 
ministry. 

Dr.  Kennard  was  married  June  27,  1822,  to 
Miss  Beulah  E.  Cox,  of  Burlington,  N.  J.,  who 
died  June  2ij,  1862,  He  left  six  children,  five 
daughters  and  a  son.  Rev.  J.  Spencer  Kennard, 


KENKARD 


G50 


KENTUCKY 


D.D.,  wlio  ill  ISGT  edited  a  iiicmuir  of  liis  t'atliur. 
wliicli  was  issued  l)y  the  American  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Souioty. 

Kennard,  J.  Spencer,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Pliila- 
del)iliia,  Sept.  24,  1S33.  IIo  was  converted  when 
twelve  years  old  ;  baptized  by  his  father,  Kev.  Dr. 
•Jos.  II.  Kennard,  in  April,  1S4G,  and  united  with 
the  Tenth  Baptist  chui-eh,  Philadelphia. 

After  graduating  from  the  Philadelphia  Iligli 
School,  he  entered  the  senior  class  of  Lewisburg 
University.  Here  he  consecrated  himself  to  the 
ministry  New  Year's  Eve,  1852.  Graduating  with 
honor,  he  entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary, 
and,  completing  a  two  years'  course,  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Bridgeton, 
N.  J.,  October,  185G.  After  three  years  of  success- 
ful work  he  became  pastor  of  the  E  Street  church, 
Washington,  D.  C,  in  1.859,  succeeding  Dr.  George 
W.  Samson.  The  church  suffered  distraction  during 
the  civil  war,  the  flock  being  scattered  North  and 
South.  The  shepherd  remained  with  his  charge, 
working  in  a  government  clerkship  during  the 
week,  preaching  on  the  Sabbath,  laboring  for  the 
sick  and  wounded  on  the  battle-field;  but  health 
failed,  and  the  Wuburn  church,  Mass.,  called  him 
in  18G2  to  that  field. 

He  removed  from  Woburn  to  Albany,  N.  Y., 
after  gathering  a  rich  harvest  of  souls.  In  1865, 
Dr.  Kennard  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Calvary 
Baptist  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  new  inter- 
est became  a  vigorous  church.  On  the  death  of  his 
father  he  was  called  to  the  Tenth  church,  Philadel- 
phia, in  April,  1867.  After  four  prosperous  years, 
196  converts  having  been  added  to  that  church  by 
baptism,  and  various  mission  enterprises  success- 
fully started,  he  removed  to  New  York,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Pilgrim  church.  Here  300  per- 
sons were  baptized  by  him.  In  1879  a  call  from 
the  Central  Square  church.  East  Boston,  was  ac- 
cepted, and  he  is  now  the  pastor.  The  doctorate 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Madison  University, 
N.  Y.,  in  1879. 

Dr.  Kennard's  literary  labors  have  been  the 
memoir  of  his  father,  many  contributions  to  the 
press,  especially  a  series  of  articles  on  "  Pulpit  Elo- 
quence," and  a  work,  in  preparation,  on  the  "  Rela- 
tion of  Oriental  Religions  to  Christianity." 

During  his  ministry  Dr.  Kennard  has  baptized 
110l>  converts. 

Kennedy,  Rev.  W.  M.,  was  born  in  Duplin 
Co.,  N.  C,  Aug.  26,  1825  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  Jesse 
Howell,  Feb.  14,  1847  ;  ordained  by  Revs.  G.  W. 
Ilufliain,  G.  W.  Wallace,  L.  F.  Williams,  and  Jesse 
Howell,  in  November,  1849  ;  has  been  a  pastor  for 
thirty-one  years ;  was  moderator  of  Easton  Asso- 
ciation two  years  ;  was  for  many  years  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  Warsaw  High  School  ;  has 
baptized   1800  persons,  traveled  over  90,000  miles 


in  preaching  the  gospel,  and  he  is  as  full  of  zeal 
and  efficiency  as  ever. 

Kentucky  Baptists. — "  The  Baptists  were  the 
pioneers  of  Kentucky.''  The  first  explorers  of  its 
territory  were  the  brothers  Daniel  and  Squire 
Boone.  The  latter  was  a  Baptist  preacher.  The 
first  settlement  was  made  at  Boonsborough,  in 
what  is  now  Madison   County,  in  the   summer  of 

1775,  by  Col.  Daniel  Boon<^,  his  wife  and  daugh- 
ter^ being  the  only  women  in  the  small  colony. 
Col.  Richard  Calloway  and  his  family  joined  the 
settlers  the  first  day  of  September.  They  also 
were  Baptists.  The  same  fall  a  small  settlement 
was  made  at  llarrodsburg,  some  thirty  miles  south- 
west of  Boonsborough.     Early  in   the   spring   of 

1776,  Thomas  Tinsley  and  William  Hickman,  Bap- 
tist ministers,  came  to  llarrodsburg.  "  Mr.  Tins- 
ley,"  says  Mr.  Hickman,  "  preached  almost  every 
Sunday."  Hickman  also  preached.  Nothing  more 
is  known  of  Mr.  Tinsley  except  that  "  he  was,'' 
says  Hickman,  "a  good  old  preacher."  Mr.  Hick- 
man returned  to  Virginia  the  following  summer. 
Emigrants,  principally  from  Virginia,  now  began 
to  pour  into  the  new  country  rapidly.  Among 
these  were  Gen.  Henry  Crist,  Gen.  Aqnilla  Whit- 
aker.  Gen.  Joseph  Lewis,  Col.  Robert  Johnson, 
Col.  William  Bush,  Hon.  James  Garrard,  Gabriel 
Slaughter,  the  Clays,  and  many  others,  who  be- 
came prominent  in  the  camps  and  councils  of  the 
State.     These  were  all  Baptists. 

During  the  years  1779  and  1780,  William  Mar- 
shall, John  Whitaker,  Benjamin  Lynn,  John 
Garrard,  and  Joseph  Barnott,  Baptist  ministers, 
settled  in  the  new  country.  John  Taylor  and 
Joseph  Reding  visited  it  and  preached  during  this 
period. 

The  first  Baptist  church  formed  in  Kentucky,  or 
in  the  great  Mississippi  Valley,  was  constituted  of 
18  members  by  Joseph  Barnett  and  John  Garrard, 
on  the  present  site  of  Elizabethtown,  forty  miles 
south  of  Louisville,  June  18,  1781.  It  still  bears 
its  ancient  name,  Severn's  Valley.  The  second 
church  was  constituted  by  the  same  ministers, 
July  4,  1781.  It  is  called  Cedar  Creek,  and  is  lo- 
cated forty  miles  southeast  from  Louisville.  The 
third  church  in  Kentucky  was  Gilbert's  Creek,  in 
Garrard  County.  It  was  constituted  in  Spottsyl- 
vania  Co.,  Va.,  and  removed  to  Kentucky,  under 
the  pastoral  care  of  Lewis  Craig,  in  the  fall  of  1781 . 
Here  it  held  its  first  meeting  the  second  Sunday  in 
December  of  that  year. 

Then  followed  Forks  of  Dix  River,  in  1782: 
Providence,  in  1783  ;  South  Elkhorn,  in  1783 : 
Gilbert's  Creek  (Separate  Baptists),  in  1783: 
Beargrass,  in  1784;  Cox's  Creek,  Clear  Creek, 
Great  Crossings,  Tate's  Creek,  Limestone,  Bra- 
shear's  Creek,  Rush  Branch,  Pottinger's  Creek, 
and  Head  of  Boone's  Creek,  in  1785. 


KENTUCKY 


fifjl 


KENTON 


In  1785  three  Associations  were  formed,  Elk- 
horn  and  Salem  of  Regular  Baptists,  and  South 
Kentucky  of  Separate  Baptists.  In  17'J3  an  effort 
to  form  a  union  between  the  Kejiular  and  Separate 
Baptists  failed  in  its  object,  and  resulted  in  the 
forniatiiin  of  Tate's  Creek  Association  of  United 
Baptists.  From  this  period  till  17'J'J  relijjion  was 
at  a  low  ebb,  and  open  infidelity  much  abounded. 
Ill  181)0  the  religious  awakening  known  as  "  The 
<Jreat  Revival  in  Kentucky"  began,  and  continued 
three  years.  In  this  period  the  number  of  Bap- 
tists in  the  State  was  more  than  doubled.  It  was 
at  this  time  that  the  jerks  and  the  barking  and 
dancing  exercises  prevailed  in  some  degree  among 
the  Baptists,  but  much  more  extensively  among 
the  Presbyterians  and  Methodists. 

In  1801  the  Regular  and  Separate  Baptists 
formed  a  union,  and  all  assumed  the  name  of 
United  Baptists.  From  that  time  until  1818  the 
Baptists  of  Kentucky  continued  to  prosper,  with 
little  to  interrupt  their  harmony.  About  this 
period  Daniel  Parker  introduced  his  two-seed  doc- 
trine, and  with  it  the  anti-mission  spirit.  This 
caused  much  trouble,  dividing  many  churches  and 
Associations.  These  factions  still  exist,  but  have 
become  weak  and  insignificant.  In  1823,  Uamp- 
bellism  began  to  disturb  the  denomination,  and 
continued  to  distress  the  churches  until  the  Camp- 
bellites  were  cut  off.  The  formal  separation  began 
in  1829,  but  was  not  completed  till  1835,  when  the 
fampbellites  became  a  distinct  sect,  known  by 
various  naTues  in  different  localities. 

In  1832  the  Baptist  State  Convention  was  organ- 
ized. Its  operations  were  unsatisfactory,  and,  after 
a  trial  of  four  years,  it  was  dissolved.  In  1837 
the  General  Association  of  Kentucky  Baptists  was 
•constituted.  Its  special  object  was  to  promote  the 
spread  of  the  gospel  in  the  State.  Its  success  was 
■encouraging  from  the  beginning.  It  is  estimated 
that  00,000  persons  have  been  baptized  under  its 
a,uspices.  Meanwhile,  the  anti-missionary  spirit, 
which  had  first  manifested  itself  in  the  churches 
iibout  the  year  1818,  was  fully  ai'oused  by  the  or- 
ganization of  the  General  Association.  Divisions 
were  produced  in  many  churches  and  xVssociations. 
In  not  a  few  of  these  a  majority  was  on  the  anti- 
missionary  side.  The  formal  division  began  in 
1840.  Since  that  time  the  Baptists  of  Kentucky 
Jiave  been  divided  into  missionary  and  anti-mis- 
sionary churches.  The  latter  have  now  an  aggre- 
gate membership  of  about  7000. 

Since  the  division  last  referred  to  the  denomina- 
tion has  enjoyed  a  good  degree  of  harmony  and 
prosperity.  Until  the  close  of  the  late  civil  war, 
the  white  and  colored  people  wurshiped  together 
in  the  same  churches.  Since  that  [leriod  the  col- 
ored people  have  formed  churches  and  .Vssuciations 
of  their  own.     The  separation  was  harmonious,  and 


the  feeling  between  the  brethren  of  the  two  races 
is  kind,  and  their  correspondence  is  fraternal. 

The  subjoined  table  will  show  the  growth  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in   Kentucky  from  1790  to 

1880: 


Fopnia-    Miimber 

Date.          tiun  of      of  Bap-         Date. 

the  State,      tists.    [  | 

Popula- 
tion of 
the  Slate. 

Number 
of  liap. 

tiSlB. 

1790 73,677 

3,105    ,1850 

982,401 
1,166.184 
1,321,011 

69,894 

181U                  406  511 

2i',6c6 

I860 

8I.2G2 

1870 

IHJO                  087  917 

1875 

1878 

1879 

1880 

144  269 

ls;ji 

III 

:::":::."." 

159,743 

1840 1      779,828 

161,190 

1846 j      

163,696 

Kentucky,  General  Association  of. — The  first 
general  organization  of  the  Baptists  in  Kentucky 
was  effected  in  1832  at  Bardstown.  It  was  styled 
■•  The  Kentucky  Baptist  Convention."  There  was 
much  opposition  to  it  among  tlie  churches.  It  con- 
tinued to  meet  for  about  four  years,  and  then  dis- 
solved. In  1837  "  The  (Jeneral  Association  of  Bap- 
tists in  Kentucky"  was  organized  in  Louisville. 
Its  leading  objects  were  to  promote  preaching 
among  the  destitute  within  its  bounds,  to  encour- 
■age  literary  and  theological  education,  and  to  foster 
foreign  missions.  The  churches  watched  its  move- 
ments with  doubt  and  suspicion,  and  some  of  them 
openly  opposed  it.  But  immediately  after  its  organ- 
ization an  extensive  revival  swept  over  the  whole 
State,  and  the  General  Association  grew  rapidly  in 
favor.  It  employed  a  large  corps  of  missionaries, 
and  built  up  many  cbuichos  that  were  weak,  and 
constituted  a  large  number  of  new  ones.  It  is 
estimated  that  its  missionaries,  and  those  of  its 
auxiliary  societies,  have  averaged  at  least  a  thou- 
sand baptisms  a  year,  from  its  organization  until 
the  present  time.  It  has  stimulated  the  churches 
to  support  their  pastors,  kindled  the  spirit  of  home 
and  foreign  missions,  encouraged  the  building  up 
of  schools  and  colleges,  and  checked  the  ravages  of 
intemperance,  and  has  been  in  every  way  of  incal- 
culable advantage  to  the  denomination  in  Ken- 
tucky. 

Kenyon,  Rev.  Archibald,  as  the  jiastor  during 

three  years  and  a  ball'  u!  the  Tabernacle  church  in 
Chicago,  and  afterwards  for  several  years  of  the 
Berean  Baptist  church,  is  to  be  remembered  with 
those  who  have  contributed  to  l)uild  up  the  Baptist 
denominatiiin  .at  important  points,  lie  was  born 
in  Athol,  Warren  Co.,  \.  Y..  July  31,  1813.  Until 
eighteen  years  of  age  his  home  was  at  Hague,  on 
the  west  side  of  Lake  George.  Ilis  conversion  oc- 
curred in  the  fall  of  1831.  and  he  was  baptized  by 
Elder  D.aniel  Tinkham  July  6.  1832.  Feeling  him- 
self called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  he  was 
licensed  by  the  church  at  Hague.  He  studied  at 
the  San<ly  Hill  Academy,  also  at  East  Bennington, 
then  conducted  by  Messrs.  A.  Macouberand  A.  N. 


KERFOOT 


652 


KERR 


Arnold.  lie  was  ordained  in  1836.  Ilis  first  pas- 
torate was  at  Lakeville  and  Sliushan,  in  Wash- 
ington County.  Subsequently  he  was  engaged  at 
Wliite  Oreek,  Shaftesbury,  and  Iloosac.  During  the 
years  1(S40-41  he  had  the  care  of  a  Baptist  church 
in  Providence,  II.  I.,  but  in  1842  the  relation  was 
dissolved.  After  a  year  at  Vernon,  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  three  and  a  half  years  at  Clinton,  eight 
miles  away,  he  came  West,  and  accepted  pastorates 
in  Chicago  as  above  mentioned.  From  1852  to 
IS.if)  he  served  the  Tabernacle  church,  and  later 
tlie  Berean.  His  subsequent  pastorates  have  been 
at  Iowa  City,  at  Peoria,  and  other  places  in  Illinois. 
Though  his  pastorates  have  for  the  most  part  been 
brief,  they  have  been  fruitful,  in  nearly  every  in- 
stance considerable  accessions  being  made  to  the 
church.  lie  has  been  an  active  champion  of  every 
kind  of  reform,  in  tluit  department  of  effort  being 
a  valued  associate  and  co-laborer  of  Dr.  Nathaniel 
Colver.  He  now  suffers  a  great  affliction  in  nearly 
a  total  loss  of  sight,  but  continues  in  service  as 
pastor  of  two  small  churches  near  the  central  part 
of  the  State. 

Kerfoot,  Franklin H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Clarke 
Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  29,  1847.  Until  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  was  educated  at  schools  in  Berryville.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  Confederate  service  during  the  war. 
In  1866  he  entered  the  Columbian  University,  grad- 
uating in  the  college  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Philosophy,  and  in  the  law  school  with  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Law,  in  1869.  He  spent  a  year  and 
a  half  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary, but,  his  health  failing,  he  was  obliged  to  sus- 
pend all  study  for  nearly  a  year.  Subsequently  he 
entered  the  Crozcr  Theological  Seminary,  and  after 
one  year's  study  graduated  in  1872.  Afterwards 
he  traveled  over  Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and 
spent  a  year  at  the  University  of  Leipsic.  On  his 
return  to  this  country  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Midway  and  Forks  of  Elkhorn  churches,  Ky., 
entering  on  his  labors  in  those  fields  Feb.  1,  1875. 
On  the  death  of  the  lamented  Dr.  Richard  Fuller, 
of  the  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  Mr. 
Kerfoot  was  elected  his  successor,  and  he  entered 
on  the  pastoral  charge  of  that  church  in  November, 
1877.  While  in  Kentucky,  Mr.  Kerfoot  held  for 
one  session  the  professorship  of  German  in  George- 
town College,  Ky., — a  position  for  which  he  was 
admirably  fitted  by  his  studies  in  Germany.  During 
his  absence  in  the  East  he  published  in  the  Religious 
Herald  some  interesting  letters  descriptive  of  clas- 
sical and  Biblical  scenes.  The  Columbian  College 
conferred  upon  Mr.  Kerfoot,  in  1872,  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M. 

Kermott,  Rev.  Wm.  Judson,  was  born  in  Car- 
rolton  Co.,  New  Brunswick,  in  1833.  In  his  infancy 
his  parents  removed  to  Canada  West,  where  he  re- 
mained until  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he  became 


a  member  of  the  family  of  his  brother-in-law.  Rev. 
E.  J.  Scott,  a  Baptist  minister.  He  made  a  pro- 
fession of  religion  at  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  New  Market, 
Canada  West.  He  very  early  in  life  felt  that  God 
called  him  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  made  prepara- 
tion for  it  as  opportunity  afforded  up  to  manhood. 
He  was  ordained  by  the  Baptist  church  in  .\lmond, 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1857,  and  at  once  became 
the  pastor  of  the  church.  This  pastorate  he  re- 
signed after  two  years'  labor  to  acce[it  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  as  general  missionary  for  Kansas.  This 
position  he  held  for  eleven  years,  accomplishing 
during  the  time  a  very  successful  and  important 
work.  In  1866  he  became  the  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Omaha,  Neb.  The  church  therp 
was  largely  gathered  through  liis  labors,  and  iter 
fine  meeting-house  built  and  completed  so  as  to 
enable  the  church  to  meet  for  worship  in  the  base- 
ment. In  1870  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  where 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Coventry  Street  Baptist  church 
six  years,  and  of  the  Halsted  Street  Baptist  church 
two  years.  This  last  pastorate  Mr.  Kermott  re- 
signed for  the  purpose  of  again  entering  the  service 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  as 
district  missionary  for  Southwestern  Wisconsin, 
which  is  his  present  field  of^  labor. 

During  his  ministry  of  twenty-three  years,  de- 
voted largely  to  the  new  States  and  Territories, 
Mr.  Kermott  has  been  an  indefatigable  worker  and 
a  highly  successful  minister.  He  has  organized  a, 
number  of  churches,  built  several  meeting-houses, 
aided  in  the  formation  of  the  Kansas  and  Nebraska 
Baptist  State  Conventions,  assisted  struggling 
churches  encumbered  with  heavy  debts  to  provide 
the  means  for  their  payment,  and  all  his  work  is 
of  a  substantial  character.  He  has  fine  acquisi- 
tions in  literary  and  theological  learning,  and  is  a 
highly  esteemed  minister  of  Christ. 

Kerr,  Judge  Jolin,  LL.D.,  distinguished  as  a 
jurist,  orator,  statesman,  and  above  all  as  a  devout 
Christian,  was  born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  Feb. 
10,  1811,  and  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Kerr^ 
the  most  eloquent  preacher  of  the  gospel  who  has 
yet  appeared  in  North  Carolina  or  Virginia.  Mr. 
Kerr  was  educated  in  Richmond,  Va. ;  was  the  first 
law  student  of  the  late  Chief-Justice  Pearson,  and 
settled  in  Caswell,  N.  C,  his  father's  native  county, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and  was  baptized  in  1832 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Yanceyville  Baptist 
church  by  the  Rev.  J.  J.  James.  Mr.  Kerr  was  a 
decided  Baptist,  and  was  called  on  by  his  brethren 
to  fill  many  important  positions.  He  was  a  tru.s- 
tee  of  Wake  Forest  College,  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  president  of  the  Bap- 
tist State  Conventions  for  many  sessions,  and  fre- 
quently moderator  of  the  Beulah  Association.     He 


KERR 


653 


KEYSER 


represented  his  county  in  the  State  Lej^islature  : 
was  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  in  1852— 
53,  and  again  in  1858-59;  was  judge  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  during  the  war,  and  was  again  elected 
judge  by  the  people  in  1874  for  eight  years.  He 
was  the  oi'ator  of  the  Mecklenburg  Centennial,  cele- 
brated May  25,  1S75. 

lie  was  also  a  trustee  of  the  State  University, 
pi-esident  of  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Society 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  received  the  title  of 
LL.I).  from  both  Trinity  College  and  the  State 
University. 

When  a  young  Christian  his  faith  and  zeal  were 
so  great  that  many  predicted  that  he  would  follow 
his  father  into  the  pulpit,  but  worldly  ambition 
tempted  him  into  politics.     God,  however,  was  gra- 


JUDOE    .JOHN    KEKIt,    I.I..U. 

cioua  to  him  and  restored  his  first  love,  and  for  many 
years  before  hi.s  death  he  became  eminent  for  god- 
liness, lie  loved  the  society  of  Christ's  children, 
and  while  he  was  attending  to  his  judicial  duties 
it  was  a  common  thing  for  this  magnificently  en- 
dowed man  to  forsake  the  fashionable  circles  which 
eagerly  courted  his  society  and  find  his  chief  de- 
light in  some  humble  prayer-meeting.  He  was 
never  ordained  as  a  preacher,  but  no  Sabbath  was 
permitted  to  pass,  no  matter  where  he  was,  without 
his  bearing  witness  to  the  love  of  -Jesus,  and  his 
exhortations  were  all  the  more  forcible  because  of 
his  position  on  the  liench.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1879, 
at  his  home  in  Reidsville,  N.  C,  after  a  protracted 
illness. 
Kerr,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Caswell  Co.,N.  C, 


Aug.  4,  1782.  His  father  was  of  Scotch  descent, 
and  was  eminently  pious.  His  early  education 
was  superior  to  that  ofmostoflho.se  by  whom  he  was 
surrounded.  He  was  converted  under  the  preaching 
of  Rev.  Wm.  Paisley,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman, 
and  was  baptized  Aug.  12,  1801.  Shortly  after- 
wards he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  every- 
where listened  to  with  the  most  earnest  attention. 
Having  been  engaged  in  teaching  previous  to  his 
C(mversion,  he  now  abandoned  it  and  gave  him- 
self wholly  to  the  ministry.  He  made  extensive 
tours  in  all  directions,  visiting  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  and  preaching  to  large  assemblies  of 
people.  Lower  Virginia,  also,  was  the  scene  of  his 
labors.  About  the  year  l8ll,  Mr.  Kerr,  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  friends,  .lUowed  himself  to 
become  a  candidate  for  Congress.  At  first  he  was 
defeated,  but  he  was  subsequently  elected,  and  con- 
tinued to  .serve  his  constituents  in  that  body  during 
the  war  of  1812.  Mr.  Kerr  always  regarded  this 
step  as  a  grievous  error,  in.ismuch  as  it  diminislicd 
his  own  spirituality  and  injured  his  inlluence  as 
a  minister  of  the  gospel  ;  and  his  belief  was  that 
lie  was  brought  back  from  political  life  only  by  a 
painful  special  providence.  In  March  of  1825  he 
removed  to  Richmond,  Va.,  and  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  that  city.  During  the  six 
years  he  spent  as  pastor  of  this  church,  nearly  a 
thousand  persons  were  baptized  by  him,  so  power- 
fully did  the  Word  of  God  prevail.  Mr.  Kerr  was 
deeply  interested  in  all  the  benevolent  movements 
of  the  day,  and  for  many  years  presided  over  the 
General  Association  of  Virginia,  as  well  as  over 
the  Dover  Association.  He  took  an  active  p.irt 
also  in  protesting  against  the  dangerous  errors  of 
-Vlexander  Campbell.  In  1832  he  resigned  the 
care  of  the  church  in  Richmond  in  order  to  devote 
himself  more  especially  to  evangelistic  labors.  His 
time  was  thenceforth  given  to  protracted  meetings 
and  visiting  destitute  churches.  In  the  year  1836  he 
removed  to  a  farm  near  Danville,  Va.,  still  prose- 
cuting his  labors  among  the  feeble  churches,  and 
accomplishing  much  good.  He  died  Sept.  29, 1842. 
As  a  preacher  Mr.  Kerr  was  greatly  gifted.  With  a 
fine  person,  a  well-modulated  voice,  and  a  graceful 
manner,  he  won  and  held  tlie  attention  of  the 
largest  assemblies  for  hours.  His  sermons  were 
exceedingly  interesting  and  impressive,  and  one 
who  knew  him  has  said,  "  Under  his  stirring  and 
almost  seraphic  appeals  I  have  frequently,  I  jndge, 
seen  thousands  at  one  time  bathed  in  tears." 
''  Thousands  have  acknowledged  him,"  says  the 
same  writer,  "as  their  spiritual  father;  and  in 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina  multitudes  were 
turned  to  righteousness  through  his  labors." 

Keyser,  Charles,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Albany, 
N.  v..  May  13.  1827  ;  received  his  literary  and 
theological  education  at  Madison   I'niversitj-  and 


KIDDER 


6.")4 


KIFFIX 


Rocliester  Theolof^ical  Somiiiiiry  ;  ordained  ;it  \V;il- 
linjiford,  Conn.,  in  1.S51  ;  was  pastor  at  Mount 
Norris,  Niagara  J'alls,  and  Bini;lianiton,  N.  Y.,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  in  Philadelpliia,  I'a.,  in  Trenton, 
N.  J.,  and  in  Wakefield,  Mass.,  where  lie  died.  In 
1S65  lie  received  the  prize  offered  by  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society  for  the  "  Baptist  Catc- 
cliisni."  Lewislmrg  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Dr.  Keyser  was  the  o.vfner  of  a  clear,  powerful 
intellect;  he  was  logical,  orthodox,  fearless,  and 
faithful.  The  writer  lamented  his  early  and  un- 
expected death,  and  thousands  shared  in  his  sor- 
row. 

Kidder,  Rev.  Wm.  S.,  of  Igo,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. ; 
born  ill  Charing,  County  of  Kent,  England,  Nov. 
15,  1834;  came  to  New  York  in  1842;  was  con- 
verted at  fifteen,  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Morris  church,  N.  Y.  ;  removed  to  California 
in  1858,  and  was  ordained  at  Sacramento  in  ISGO. 
He  is  a  devoted  pioneer  preacher  in  Northern  Cali- 
fornia,— almost  the  only  Baptist  minister  in  that 
wide  and  destitute  field.  He  has  acted  as  pastor 
at  Red  Bluff,  Weaverville,  Mount  Shasta,  and  Eagle 
Creek,  laboring  with  his  own  hands  for  his  bread, 
and  riding  forty  or  fifty  miles  at  his  own  expense 
to  serve  some  poor  church  or  minister  to  the  afflicted, 
looking  for  his  reward  on  high.  He  has  been 
greatly  blessed  in  his  work  and  has  secured  much 
influence  among  the  people,  who  have  honored  him 
with  some  of  their  most  important  offices. 

KiefF,  Baptism  of  the  Population  of.— Vlad- 
imir the  (iroat,  Prince  of  Russia,  was  a  heathen  until 
he  married  the  Princess  Anna,  of  Constantinople, 
when  he  repudiated  his  god  Perune,  and  about  a.d. 
988  ordered  the  entire  inhabitants  of  Kieff  to  be 
baptized.  The  proclamation  stated  that  "  Who- 
ever, on  the  morrow,  should  not  repair  to  the  river 
(Dnieper),  whether  rich  or  poor,  he  should  hold  for 
his  enemy."  .  .  .  '"  Some  stood  in  the  water  up  to 
their  necks,  others  up  to  their  breasts,  holding  their 
young  children  in  their  arras.  The  priests  read 
the  prayers  from  the  shore,  naming  at  once  whole 
companies  by  the  same  name.'' — Mouravieff's  "  His- 
tory of  the  Church  of  Russia,"  pp.  13,  15.  Oxford, 
1842.  In  this  baptism  thousands  were  immersed, 
and  Christianity  of  a  certain  kind  was  triumphantly 
intro<luced  into  Russia. 

KifSn,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  London  in 
ICIC).  In  1G25  the  plague,  which  swept  over  his 
native  city,  deprived  him  of  both  his  parents  and 
left  him  with  six  plague  sores,  the  cure  of  which 
was  regarded  as  impossible.  Through  two  sermons 
preached  by  Mr.  D.avenport  and  Mr.  Coleman,  in 
London,  Mr.  Kiffin  obtained  from  Christ  a  divine 
life  which  defied  the  evils  of  seventy  stormy  years. 
He  united  with  a  Congregational  church,  by  which 
he  was  first  called   to   the   ministry.     In  1638  he 


joined  the  Baptist  church  of  which  the  Rev.  John 
Spilsbury  was  pastor.  From  this  community  a 
colony  went  forth  in  1640  which  formed  another 
church.  The  new  organization  met  in  Devonshire 
Square.  It  elected  Mr.  Kiffin  pastor, — an  office 
which  he  retained  for  sixty-one  years,  the  duties 
of  which  three  assistant  pastors  at  different  times 
aided  him  to  discharge. 

Mr.  Kiffin  was  a  merchant,  carrying  on  liusiness 
with  foreign  countries,  and  especially  with  Hol- 
land, lie  conducted  his  mercantile  affairs  with  so 
much  skill  that  in  a  few  years  he  was  among  the 
wealthiest  men  in  London,  and  known  by  all  classes 
of  society  throughout  the  kingdom  as  one  of  the 
greatest  of  English  merchant-princes.  This  made 
him  a  conspicuous  oliject  for  persecuting  spite,  and 


REV.  WILLIAM    KIFFIN. 

it  stirred  up  the  cupidity  of  a  base  horde  of  in- 
formers, whom  the  Stuarts  employed  to  ruin  Dis- 
senters. Lord  Arlington,  one  of  the  secretaries  of 
Charles  II.,  told  Mr.  Kiffin  that  he  was  on  every 
list  of  disaffected  persons  whose  freedom  was  re- 
garded as  dangerous  to  the  government. 

He  was  arrested  many  times.  Once  he  was  com- 
mitted to  the  White  Lion  jail  in  London,  where 
some  prisoners  formed  a  conspiracy  to  murder  him, 
but  he  was  unexpectedly  set  at  liberty.  Gen.  Monk 
arrested  him  for  an  alleged  conspiracy  against  the 
king,  but  the  charge  was  shown  to  be  false,  and  he 
was  released.  About  midnight,  on  another  occa- 
sion, he  was  taken  into  custody,  accused  of  having 
hired  two  men  to  kill  the  king,  but  soon  after  this 
wicked  fabrication  was  exposed,  and   he  was  per- 


KIFFm 


655 


KILPATRICK 


initted  to  depart.  His  position  among  Dissenters 
exposed  liiui  to  extreme  peril  for  many  years. 

KilSn's  influence  was  very  great.  Macaulay 
says,  "  Great  as  was  the  authority  of  Bunyan  with 
the  Baptists,  William  Kiffin'.s  was  greater  still.'' 
lie  had  talents  of  the  highest  order;  his  education 
was  resp(;etaljle  ;  his  sagacity  was  uncommon  ;  his 
manners  were  polished  ;  his  piety  was  known  every- 
where; and  for  half  a  century  he  was  the  first  man 
in  the  Baptist  denomination.  With  the  business 
community  of  London,  or  with  the  great  trades  of 
other  cities,  the  credit  of  Kilfin  stood  higher  tliun 
the  financial  promises  of  kings.  Even  the  haughty 
nobles  of  Britain  wore  not  too  proud  to  be  his 
friends,  and  among  these  Clarendon,  the  Lord  High 
Chancellor,  stood  the  first.  Thurloe,  the  chief 
secretary  of  Cromwell,  in  his  "  State  Papers," 
frequently  mentions  Mr.  Kiffin's  name  with  re- 
spect, and  the  "  Whitlocke's  Memorials"  are  eiiually 
just  to  the  great  and  good  Baptist.  Even  King 
Charles  himself,  as  far  as  his  heartlessness  would 
permit  him  to  show  affection,  was  the  friend  of  Mr. 
KifiSn.  There  were  ten  Baptist  men  and  two  women 
arrested  at  a  Dissenting  religious  meeting  at  Ayles- 
bury, for  which  offense  against  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land they  were  sentenced  to  three  months'  imprison- 
ment. At  the  expiration  of  that  time  they  were 
brought  before  the  court  and  commanded  to  con- 
form to  the  Episcopal  Church  or  to  leave  the 
country  immediately.  These  sturdy  Baptists  re- 
fused to  do  cither,  and  they  were  sentenced  to 
death  arrordhi;;  to  law.  A  man  forthwith  started 
off  to  Mr.  Kilfin,  in  London,  who  interceded  with 
the  king,  and  saved  their  lives.  And  on  several 
other  occasions  the  king  gave  substantial  pi-oofs  of 
his  regard  to  the  great  city  merchant.  He  was  so 
friendly  to  Mr.  Kiffin  that  he  sent  to  borrow  £4l),000 
from  him,  no  doubt  as  a  return  for  favors  he  had 
granted  his  brethren,  which  Mr.  Kiflin  compromised 
by  a  gift  of  £10,000,  and  felt  that  he  had  saved 
£30,000  by  the  arrangement.  When  King  James 
IL  abolished  the  charter  of  the  city  of  London  he 
wanted  to  make  Mr.  Kiffin  an  alderman  to  secure 
the  influence  of  bis  great  name  to  help  him  in  his 
illegal  suspension  of  many  charters,  and  of  all 
penal  laws  against  Dissenters  and  Catholics.  But 
he  disliked  the  king's  illegal  measures,  and  lent 
him  no  willing  aid,  direct  or  indirect,  to  assist  him 
in  their  execution. 

Mr.  KilKn's  aniple  means  were  chiefly  used  in 
works  of  benevolence.  He  gave  large  sums  to  the 
poor;  he  contributed  with  great  liljerality  to  the 
feeble  churches  and  their  persecuted  ministers;  he 
assisted  in  the  education  of  young  men  for  the  min- 
istry, and  he  was  ever  ready  for  any  labor  or  gift 
of  love. 

The  only  work  bo  ever  puldished  was  a  treatise 
in  favor  of  "close  communion."  the  ariiuments  in 


which  are  as  sound  as  the  principles  that  governed 
his  pure  and  noble  life. 

One  of  the  sons  of  Mr.  Kiffin  was  poisoned  by  a 
Catholic  priest  in  Venice  because  he  had  been  too 
free  in  denouncing  his  religion.  Two  of  his  grand- 
sons, the  llcwlings,  were  murdered  by  Jeffreys,  the 
basest  of  judges,  and  James  11.,  the  meanest  of 
kings.  Macaulay  speaks  of  them  as  "the  gallant 
youths,  who,  of  all  the  victims  of  the  Bloody  Assizes, 
had  been  most  lamented."  Their  sister  Hannah 
married  Major  Henry  Cromwell,  the  grandson  of 
the  great  Protector. 

Mr.  Kiffin  was  evidently  raised  up  by  the  provi- 
dence of  God  and  invested  with  his  talents,  influ- 
ence, and  wealth  to  shield  his  persecuted  brethren 
in  times  specially  calamitous ;  and  in  a  spirit  of 
supreme  love  to  Jesus,  for  half  a  centui-y,  he  was 
the  father  of  the  English  Baptists.  He  died  Sept. 
29,  1701,  when  the  sword  of  William  IlL  of  blessed 
and  of  "  Boyne  Water"  memory  had  terrified  the 
last  Stuart  from  the  English  throne. 

Kilborne,  Rowley,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Bristol,  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Sept.  28,  1780.  He  re- 
moved to  Canada  in  1820.  Converted  with  his 
wife  in  the  winter  of  1S27-28,  he  joined  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  the  township  of  Lobo.  \n  1832  he 
removed  to  Beamsville,  and  two  yeai's  after  was 
chosen  deacon  of  the  church  there,  in  which  oflice 
he  continued  to  the  day  of  his  death,  Oct.  17,  1880. 
He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Convention  of  the  Province  of  Ontario.  For 
forty  years  he  was  a  magistrate,  and  in  several 
other  offieial  positions  he  served  the  public  with 
rare  skill  and  fidelity. 

Killingsworth,  Judge  Thomas,  was  probably 
a  native  of  Norwich,  EngUiiul,  and  came  to  this 
country  very  soon  after  his  ordination.  We  find 
him  at  Middletown  and  Pisoataway  exercising  his 
ministry  in  1588  and  1089.  Ilis  name  was  promi- 
nently associated  with  Baptist  movements  in  New 
Jersey,  and  especially  in  Piscataway.  He  was  the 
first  pastor  at  Cohansey,  continuing  for  nineteen 
years,  until  his  death.  The  destruction  of  the  old 
church  records  for  the  first  century  of  its  existence 
deprives  us  of  facilities  for  scouring  information 
about  him.  Mr.  Killingsworth  was  appointed 
judge  in  Salem  County,  and  discharged  the  duties 
of  the  bench  as  well  as  those  of  the  pulpit  satisfac- 
torily. He  died  in  1709.  He  was  a  firm  Baptist, 
but  avoided  any  rash  illegal  act;  so  we  find  that 
in  1706  at  a  court  held  in  Salem  he  took  out  a  license 
under  the  Toleration  Act  for  a  preaching-place  at 
the  house  of  one  Jeremiah  Nickson. 

Eilpatrick,  Rev.  J.  H.  T.,  was  one  of  those 
who  aided  greatly  in  elevating  our  denomination 
in  Georgia  to  its  present  high  standard  in  a  mis- 
sionary point  of  view.  He  was  born  in  Iredell  Co., 
N.  C,  June  24, 1795.     \n  his  younger  years  he  had 


KILPATRICK 


656 


KILPATRICK 


excellent  educational  facilities-,  received  an  excep- 
tionally classical  education,  and  prior  to  his  per- 
manent settlement  in  Georgia  he  taught  school  in 
several  places  in  Louisiana.  AVhile  in  that  State  he 
married  his  first  wife,  and  also  took  an  active  part 
in  the  campaign  of  1814  and  1815,  participating  in 
the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  Jan.  8,  1815.  He  was 
converted  in  1817,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
at  Cheneyville,  La.,  June  22.  In  1820,  after  the 
death  of  his  wife,  he  returned  to  the  East,  was 
prevailed  upon  to  remain  and  preach  at  Robertvill, 
S.  C,  from  whence  he  removed  to  Burke  Co.,  Ga., 
where  he  married  Miss  Harriet  Eliza  Jones,  .June 
2.3,  1822.  Afterwards  he  removed  to  Richmond 
County,  and  at  once  identified  himself  with  the 
most  prominent  Baptists  in  the  State,  taking  a  high 


REV.  J.   II.   T.  KILPATRICK. 

position  among  them.  His  field  of  labor  lay  within 
the  Ilephzibah  Association,  which,  when  he  first 
became  connected  with  it,  was  violently  anti-mis- 
sionary. AVith  great  zeal  and  prudence  he  promul- 
gated missionary  sentiments,  and  after  the  lapse  of 
thirteen  years  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  it  entirely 
revolutionized  on  the  suVyeet  of  missions.  A  tract 
written  by  him  in  1827  or  1828,  entitled  "  A  Plain 
Dialogue  on  Missions,"  which  was  afterwards  pub- 
lished in  the  "  Baptist  Manual"  in  connection  with 
denominational  articles  by  Pengilly,  Booth,  and 
Andrew  Fuller,  was  prep.ired  specially  for  the 
Hephzibah  Association,  and  had  a  most  salutary 
influence.  Mr.  Kilpatrick  was.  through  the  force 
of  circumstances,  a  great  champion  of  baptism  and 
temperance  in  his  Association,  and  to  him  those 


two  causes  owe  much  able  and  eloquent  support  by 
both  pen  and  voice.  He  aided,  too,  greatly  in  pro- 
moting the  Baptist  educational  interests  of  Georgia. 
The  land  upon  wliich  Hephzibah  High  School  is 
situated  was  donated  by  him,  and  at  the  State  Con- 
vention of  1820,  at  MilledgeviHe,  he,  Sherwood. 
Sanders,  and  Mercur  promptly  raised  the  S250U 
necessary  to  secure  the  Penfield  legacy, — an  action 
which  proved  to  be  the  inception  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity. His  life  was  prolonged  until  Jan.  9,  1869, 
and  was  one  of  remarkable  usefulness. 

The  following  is  part  of  a  sketch  of  Mr.  Kil- 
patrick, written  by  Gen.  G.  W.  Evans,  of  Augusta, 
which  appeared  in  the  minutes  of  the  Hephziliah 
Association  for  18(i9: 

"  As  a  citizen,  he  was  quiet,  retiring,  and  unob- 
trusive ;  as  a  man,  open,  honest,  and  unsuspecting ; 
as  a  friend,  true  but  undemonstrative  ;  as  a  pastor, 
laborious  and  constant,  always  punctual  to  his  ap- 
pointments ;  as  a  preacher,  he  was  logical  and  prf>- 
found,  and  when  aroused  oftentimes  sublimely 
eloquent ;  as  a  writer  and  controversialist,  he  was 
true,  accurate,  and  resistless ;  as  a  Christian,  uni- 
form and  faithful ;  and  in  his  expiring  moments, 
as  if  to  seal  the  holy  record  of  his  life  with  his 
dying  testimony,  his  last  words  were  '  Precious 
Jesus !' 

"  Such,  brethren,  is  the  brief  and  imperfect  rec- 
ord of  the  man  now  gone  to  his  reward,  who,  be- 
fore many  of  us  were  born,  became,  by  the  power 
of  his  intellect,  we  might  almost  say  the  father  of 
this  Association,  and  who,  by  pen  and  voice,  aided 
by  the  late  Rev.  Joshua  Key,  was  the  main  instru- 
ment of  building  up  the  missionary  interest  among 
us,  and  who  for  years  was  the  triumphant  defender 
of  our  peculiar  views  and  the  eloquent  vindicator 
of  our  denominational  honor.  Gifted  with  a  mas- 
sive intellect  and  an  iron  constitution,  he  literally 
wore  out  in  the  service  of  his  Master.  We  deem 
it  no  injustice  to  the  living  or  the  dead  to  express 
our  honest  conviction  that  in  his  death  is  extin- 
guished the  brightest  intellectual  light  which  it  has 
ever  been  our  pride  to  honor." 

Kilpatrick,  Rev.  James  Hines,  youngest  son 
of  Rev.  3.  H.  T.  Kilpatrick  and  Miss  Harriet  E. 
•Jones,  was  liorn  in  Burke  Co.,  Ga.,  Oct.  18,  1833. 
He  entered  Mercer  University  in  1849  and  grad- 
uated in  1853,  sharing  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class.  While  at  Mercer  he  made  a  public  profes- 
sion of  religion  and  united  with  the  church,  and 
was  called  to  ordination  by  the  White  Plains 
church,  Greene  County,  in  1854.  He  began  his 
labors  as  pastor  of  that  church  in  1855,  succeeding 
Rev.  Y.  R.  Thornton.  Since  that  time  his  ener- 
gies have  been  concentrated  upon  the  White  Plains 
church,  of  which  he  has  been  the  pastor  ever  since, 
though  he  has  had  charge  of  other  churches,  and 
he  has  succeeded  in  so  developing  its  capabilities 


KILPATRICK 


657 


KIMBROUGU 


that  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  spiritual,  effi- 
cient, liberal,  ami  enlightened  churches  in  the 
State.  For  years  it  has  been  re<;arilc(l  as  a  model 
church,  and  Mr.  Kilpatrick  as  the  model  pastor 
of  the  State.  In  his  preachinj;  he  makes  no  effi)rt 
at  display,  his  aim  being  to  present  gospel  truth  in 
such  a  manner  that  all  may  understand  and  few 
fail  to  appreciate  it;  and  perhaps  no  minister  in 
the  State  is  uniformly  heard  with  more  interest 
and  profit. 

In  public  life  be  is  very  quiet  and  unobtrusive, 
but  is  ever  ready  to  maintain  his  opinions  with 
ability.  He  lias  always  taken  a  prominent  part  in 
the  affairs  of  the  Georgia  Association,  and  since  his 
majority  has  invariably  occupied  a  seat  in  the 
Georgia  Baptist  and  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tions. 

In  private  life  he  is  simple  in  his  habits,  affable 
in  manners,  and  pleasant  in  social  intercourse.  lie 
is  fond  of  books  and  study.  He  has  published  sev- 
eral valuable  sermons  and  a  series  of  articles  in 
the  Christian  Index  on  the  subject  of  "  Baptism," 
which  were  masterly  in  character  and  exhaustive 
in  execution.  He  exerts  a  strong  influence  in  the 
denomination  within  his  own  State,  and  might  de- 
servedly occupy  a  much  more  prominent  position 
were  it  not  fur  his  modesty.  He  is  a  strong,  terse, 
sensible  writer,  a  forcible  speaker,  and  a  man  of 
great  power  every  way. 

Kilpatrick,  Rev.  WasMngton  L.,  eldest  son 
of  Rev.  .J.  II.  T.  Kilpatrick,  was  born  in  Burke  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  IS,  1829.  He  was  graduated  from  Mer- 
cer University,  with  the  first  honors  of  his  class, 
in  1850 ;  was  ordained  in  1852,  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  a  country  pastor,  and  to  the  present 
time,  with  persistent  and  untiring  energy  and 
faithfulness,  has  labored  in  the  ministry,  serving 
different  churches  within  the  bounds  of  the  Ileph- 
zibali  Association.  So  eminent  have  been  his  abil- 
ities, so  exulted  his  character,  so  uniform  his  cour- 
tesy and  kindness,  and  so  efficient  have  been  his 
labors  and  so  Christian  his  deportment,  that  he 
wields  an  influence  possessed  by  no  other  in  his 
Association.  He  is  commanding  in  person,  with  a 
fine  open  countenance,  great  benignity  of  expres- 
sion, and  a  pleasing  address  that  secures  the  confi- 
dence of  strangers.  Having  a  tender  heart  and 
liberal  impulses,  the  suffering  have  ever  found  hin\ 
a  ready  friend  and  the  poor  a  generous  almoner. 
As  a  preacher,  he  speaks  extemporaneously,  is  al- 
ways jiractical,  pointed,  and  clear.  Too  deeply 
concerned  in  presenting  sound  and  wholesome  in- 
struction, which  he  docs  in  a  solemn  and  impressive 
manner,  to  seek  for  mere  ornamentation  in  speech, 
he  makes  no  special  effort  to  embellish  his  .sermons. 
By  his  preaching  he  has  attained  the  most  gratify- 
ing results,  and  has  secured  for  himself  an  enviable 
reputation;  for,  while  an  unflinching  Baptist,  and 


ardently  devoted  to  the  spread  of  Baptist  senti- 
ments, he  seeks  for  success  more  by  the  firm  main- 
tenance of  truth  than  by  directly  combating  error. 

But  other  labors  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  our 
Baptist  Zion,  besides  those  of  a  pastor,  have  en- 
gaged his  attention.  For  twenty-two  consecutive 
years  he  managed  the  mission  and  colporteur  work 
of  the  Hephzibah  Association.  Chiefly  through  his 
instrumentality  the  Ileph/.iliah  High  School  was 
established  in  IS6I,  and  that  school  he  taught,  as 
president,  with  eminent  success,  from  1866  to  1876. 
In  1868  he  organized  tlie  Walker  Colored  Associa- 
tion, and  since  its  formation  he  has  lieen  the  chief 
and  trusted  counselor  of  its  ministers  and  churches. 
Prior  to  emancipation  the  members  of  those  churches 
belonged  to  the  Hephzibah  Association.  Since  1869 
he  has  faithfully  discharged  the  duties  of  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  University  ;  and  in  1878  he  succeeded  in 
securing  the  organization  of  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Historical  Society,  of  which  he  is  the  efficient  cor- 
responding secretary. 

Mr.  Kilpatrick  has  ..sought  to  make  his  attain- 
ments more  and  more  available  for  wide-spread 
usefulness ;  and,  whatever  his  influence  may  be  as 
a  public  man, — and  unquestionably  it  is  very  great, 
— it  is  but  the  natural  and  logical  sequence  of  an  un- 
bleniislu'd  private  record  and  consecrated  talents. 

Kimbro,  Rev.  W.  C,  M.D.,  a  prominent  min- 
ister and  physician  in  Drew  Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1835 ;  came  to  Arkansas  in 
1860  and  settled  near  his  present  residence,  and 
engaged  successfully  in  the  practice  of  medicine. 
He  united  with  the  church  in  1808,  and  was  soon 
after  licensed  to  preach,  and  ordained  in  1870. 
While  pursuing  his  profession  he  has  done  much 
to  relieve  the  destitute  around  him.  Hopewell 
and  Centre  Point  churches  have  enjoyed  his  labors, 
and  have  been  much  blessed  under  his  efficient 
ministry. 

Kimbrough,  Rev.  Bradley,  son  of  Rev.  Duke 
Kimbrougii,  was  born  in  -lefferson  Co.,  Tenn.,  Nov. 
3,  17yy.  He  studied  and  practised  law  for  a  time, 
and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  first  lawyers  of  the 
State. 

In  1834  he  was  a  leading  member  of  the  con- 
vention which  revised  the  constitution  of  the  State 
of  Tennessee.  He  afterwards  refused  political 
preferment  and  became  a  minister  of  the  gospel, 
and  was  ordained  by  the  Madisonville  Baptist 
church  in  the  year  1835.  His  efforts  as  a  pastor 
were  very  successful  ;  he  assisted  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  number  of  churches,  and  labored  in  pro- 
tracted meetings,  which  were  abundantly  blessed 
of  the  Lord. 

His  ministerial  gifts  were  of  a  high  order.  In 
1845  he  was  chosen  agent  to  endow  Union  Univer- 
sity, located  at  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  He  ac- 
cepted, and  completed  the  work  in  1847.     At  one 


KINCAID 


658 


KIND    WORDS 


time  he  was  agent  nf  the  Bible  Board.  lie  was 
successful  in  wliatever  he  undertook.  For  many 
years  he  was  moderator  of  tlic  Lil)erty  Association, 
and  he  was  also  president  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion. He  closed  his  earthly  labors  June  30,  1S74. 
While  livinn;  he  was  one  of  the  brightest  lights  in 
our  beloved  Zion. 

Kincaid,  Eugenio,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  State 
of  Connecticut,  and  lirought  up  in  Southern  New 
York ;  was  one  of  five  students  who  formed  the 
first  class  in  Madison  University,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
Under  the  influence  of  sermons  preached  by  Dr. 
Carey,  during  his  second  year  at  Hamilton,  he  de- 
termined to  become  a  missionary.  At  the  time  of 
his  leaving  college  there  was  war  between  the  Eng- 
lish and  Burnian  governments,  wliich  led  to  the 
breaking  up  of  the  Burmese  mission  and  delayed 
his  departure  for  heathen  lands.  lie  tlien  became 
pastor  of  tlie  church  at  Gahvay,  N.  Y.,  whore,  how- 
ever, he  became  dissatisfied,  and  resolved  that  if  no 
door  was  yet  open  for  labor  among  tlie  heathen,  he 
would  find  some  destitute  region  in  his  own  country 
where  he  could  do  missionary  work.  His  attention 
being  directed  to  the  mountainous  districts  of  Cen- 
tral Pennsylvania,  he  commenced  work  at  Milton, 
where  at  that  time  there  was  but  one  Baptist,  and 
she  a  poor  widow  with  six  children.  He  preached 
in  court-rooms,  scliool-liouses,  and  occasionally  in 
groves,  for  four  years,  with  manifild  tokens  of 
the  Divine  favor. 

While  thus  engaged  he  received  a  letter  from  tlie 
executive  committee  of  the  Missioniu-y  Union  ask- 
ing him  to  go  to  Burmali.  He  replied  at  once  tl)at 
he  would.  In  the  spring  of  1830  he  sailed  from 
Boston,  and  towards  the  close  of  the  year  he  reached 
Maulmain,  where  he  found  Drs.  Judson  and  Wade 
and  Mr.  Bennett. 

Dr.  Kincaid  commenced  the  study  of  the  lan- 
guage under  a  native  preacher,  giving  twelve  hours 
every  six  days  of  the  week  to  the  work.  Mean- 
wliile,  he  preached  for  the  English  soldiers  then 
stationed  in  those  parts.  After  a  year  of  prep- 
aration he  went  to  Rangoon  and  gave  his  entire 
time  to  work  among  the  Burmans.  In  a  little 
more  than  a  year  he  left  the  Burman  church  at 
Rangoon  under  the  care  of  a  native  pastor,  and 
proceeded  to  Ava,  the  capital,  and  subsequently 
spent  thi-ee  months  in  visiting  every  town  and  vil- 
lage along  the  banks  of  the  Irrawaddy.  For  nearly 
two  months  he  lived  in  his  boat,  subjected  to  severe 
hardsliips  ;  but  he  heroically  continued  his  work 
among  the  natives,  and  at  the  end  of  fifteen  months 
had  baptized  eleven  converts  and  organized  them 
into  a  church. 

He  continued  his  labors  for  many  years  in  for- 
eign lands,  and  subsequently  returned  to  America 
broken  in  health  by  his  incessant  toil.  At  his 
quiet  home  in  Girard.  Kan.,  the  enfeebled  body  de- 


tains a  little  longer  ''  the  hero  missionary''  from 
his  home  beyond  the  skies. 

Kincaid,  Rev.  J.  P.,  was  born  in  Garrard  Co., 
Ky.,  March  4,  1848.  In  1852  his  parents  removed 
to  Danville,  where,  at  the  age  of  tliirteen,  he  united 
with  the  Baptist  church.  In  1808  he  transferred 
his  membership  from  the  church  at  Danville  to  New 
Providence  cluirch,  in  the  saine  county,  where, 
.luly  14,  1872,  he  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  min- 
istry in  the  Baptist  church  by  the  following  Pres- 
bytery :  T.  M.  Vaughn,  R.  L.  Thurman,  W.  P. 
Harvey,  I.  M.  Sallee,  and  A.  D.  Rash.  About  this 
time  he  was  called  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
Drake's  Creek  church,  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Ky.  After 
this  he  took  charge  of  the  Logan's  Creek  church 
also.  About  forty  persons  were  added  to  the  Drake's 
Creek  church  during  his  first  year's  labors  there. 
In  the  latter  part  of  1873  he  resigned  the  care  of 
tliese  churches,  and  removed  to  Covington,  Tenn. 
During  the  summer  and  fall  of  the  year  he  labored 
in  protracted  meetings  in  Topton,  Lauderdale,  and 
Dyer  Counties,  and  in  October,  1874,  was  called 
to  the  care  of  the  Elam  Baptist  church,  Durhams- 
ville,  Tenn. 

He  is  a  decided  Baptist.  He  is  now  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Gallatin,  Tenn.  Mr.  Kincaid,  though 
a  young  man,  stands  among  the  first  preachers  of 
our  State  ;  he  is  a rcasoner,  and  knows  how  "rightly 
to  diviile  the  word  of  truth." 
"Kind  Words"  and  "The  Child's  Gem."- 

Kind  Words  is  tlie  Sunday-school  paper  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention.  It  is  published  at 
Macon,  Ga.,  and  o<lited  by  Rev.  S.  Boykin.  This 
useful  paper  wields  a  strung,  extended,  and  healthy 
influence.  Its  lesson  expositions  of  the  "  Interna- 
tional Series"  are  studied  to  advantage  by  perhaps 
200,000  persons  each  week  in  all  the  editions, 
counting  the  Lesson  Leaflets.  Its  tone  is  highly 
evangelical,  and  at  llie  same  time  it  is  strikingly 
denominational  and  a  decided  advocate  of  the  mis- 
sion cause.  It  first  appeared  in  January,  1864,  in 
the  very  midst  of  the  throes  of  war,  and  was  orig- 
inated by  Mr.  C.  J.  Elford,  of  Greenville,  S.  C, 
assisted  by  Rev.  Basil  Manly,  D.D.,  president,  and 
Rev.  John  A.  Broadus,  corresponding  secretary, 
of  the  Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention,  and  soon  reached  a  circulation  of 
2.'), 000.  For  years  it  was  a  snmll  monthly  sheet, 
and  its  price  was  ten  cents.  It  was  then  published 
at  Greenville,  S.  C.  In  1868  the  Sunday-School 
Board  was  removed  to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  Kind 
Words  was  transferred  to  that  city,  where,  in  1870, 
it  was  consolidated  with  the  Child's  Veliffhi,  a  Sun- 
day-school paper  published  by  Rev.  S.  Boykin,  at 
Macon,  Ga.,  who  was  employed  as  editor.  The 
Child's  Delicfht  was  a  semi-monthly  paper,  and  thus 
Kind  Words  became  a  semi-monthly.  Two  years 
later  a  weekly  edition  was  also  issued,  and  its  cir- 


R'lXG 


659 


KIXG 


culation  became  very  extensive  tliroiij;lujiit  the 
Snutli  and  Soutliwest.  In  1873  the  Sunday-School 
Board  was  merged  into  the  Ilouie  Hoard  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  at  Marion,  Ala.,  and 
Kind  Witrds  was  transferred  to  the  care  of  that 
hoard,  hy  which  it  has  been  issued  ever  since.  Its 
publication  office  was  changed  to  Macon,  Ga.,  where 
satisfactory  printing  arrangements  were  made  with 
tiie  firm  of  -J.  W.  Burke  &  Co.  by  the  secretary  of 
the  Home  Board.  It  is  beautifully  illustrated  and 
elegantly  printed,  and  yields  the  Home  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  an  income  of  §1000 
per  annum  above  expenses.  The  different  editions 
of  the  paper  are  a  weekly,  semi-monthly,  and 
monthly.  The  monthly  issue  contains  no  lessons; 
the  weekly  and  .semi-monthly  issues  contain  them. 
Four-page  Lesson  Leaflets  are  also  published. 

The  Child's  Gem,  a  beautiful  little  four-page 
weekly  illustrated  Sunday-school  paper  for  infant 
cla.sses,  is  published  b}-  Rev.  S.  Boykin,  Macon,  Ga. 
It  contains  appropriate  matter  for  the  very  young, 
with  the  lesson-story  and  ([uestions  adapted  to  the 
capacity  of  children  unable  to  read.  It  has  now 
been  in  existence  two  years,  and  has  quite  a  wide 
circulation.  It  was  first  published  under  the  title 
of  The  Biiptist  'Gem. 

King,  Rev.  Alonzo,  was  born  in  Wilbr.iham, 
Mass.,  April  1,  17'Jti.  Wlien  he  was  three  or  four 
years  of  age  his  fiimily  removed  to  Newport,  N.  H. 
He  pursued  his  studies  preparatory  to  college  at 
the  Newport  Academy,  and  under  the  tuition  of 
Rev.  Leland  Howard,  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  WaterviUe  College,  now  Colby  Univer- 
sity, in  the  class  of  IS'J.J.  He  was  invited,  immedi- 
ately on  his  graduation,  to  become  pastor  of  the 
church  in  what  is  now  Yarmouth,  Me.,  then  North 
Yarmouth,  which  had  become  vacant  by  the  re- 
moval of  its  pastor.  Rev.  Stephen  Chapin,  D.D., 
afterwards  president  of  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Ilew.as  ordained  Jan.  24,  1826,  and 
was  eminently  successful  in  his  ministry  till  fail- 
ing health  forced  liim  to  resign,  in  the  spring  of 
1831.  A  year  afterwards  he  was  so  far  recovered 
that  he  was  able  to  accept  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Xorthborough,  Mass. 
While  residing  at  N'orthborough  he  was  for  a  time 
agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Convention,  and 
also  soliciting  agent  to  raise  funds  for  the  endow- 
ment of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  He 
was  several  tin\es  urged  to  take  charge  of  important 
churches  in  cities  and  large  towns,  but  his  modest 
estimate  of  his  abilities  led  him  to  decline  all  tliese 
overtures.  In  the  spring  of  1835  he  removed  to 
Westborougli,  Mass.,  wliere  he  died  November  29  of 
the  satne  year.  As  an  author  he  is  known  by  his 
"  Memoir  of  George  Dana  Boardman."  "  In  my 
own  memory,"  says  Baron  Stow,  "and  in  that  of 
every  one  who  knew  liiin.  bis  name  is  fragrant." 


King,  Rev,  Daniel,  was  bom  July  1,  1803,  on 

what  was  then  the  disputed  border  line  of  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee.  He  was  converted  and  baptized  in 
1831,  and  soon  began  missionary  work  in  Missis- 
sippi. For  twenty-five  years  he  was  a  most  faithful 
and  successful  evangelist  and  pastor,  conducting 
many  revivals,  building  up  new  churches,  and  lia|i- 
tiziiig  large  numbers.  He  was  robust  and  had 
great  natural  force,  swaying  large  audiences  with 
the  powers  of  a  splendid  eloquence.  In  1853  he 
went  to  California  and  located  on  the  Solano  plains, 
where  he  built  up  one  of  the  strongest  and  wealth- 
iest churches,  now  known  as  the  Dixon  church. 
He  died  at  Dixon,  Oct.  3,  1877.  He  was  honored 
and  loved  by  all,  and  his  influence  on  the  Baptist 
cause,  in  its  missionary  and  educational  depart- 
ments, will  be  felt  for  many  generations  on  the 
Pacific  coast. 

King,  Gen.  E.  D.,  was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Ga., 
April  12,  17'J2;  was  a  captain  in  the  command  of 
Gen.  Floyd  in  the  principal  Indian  war,  fought  in 
several  battles,  and  was  twice  wounded.  He  re- 
moved to  Alabama  while  it  was  yet  a  Territory, 
commenced  life  there  in  a  log  cabin,  and  became 
princely  wealthy.  For  numy  years  he  was  a  trus- 
tee of  the  University  of  Alabama,  one  of  the  pro- 
jectors of  Howard  College  and  of  the  Judson 
Female  Institute,  and  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  last-named  institution  from  its  be- 
ginning to  his  death;  contributed  liberally  of  his 
time  and  means  to  the  cause  of  education  and 
religion  ;  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church  at  Marion, 
.and  one  of  its  most  useful  members;  ardent  and 
sincere  in  his  attachments  and  convictions  ;  of  a 
strong  and  determined  will;  noted  for  his  eminently 
practical  judgment  and  good  sense.  He  was  the 
father  of  the  Hon.  Porter  King. 

King,  Rev.  Eustace  E.,  pastor  at  Senntobia, 
Miss.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  18.50;  graduated 
at  Mississippi  College  in  1873;  began  to  preach  at 
the  ago  of  eighteen  ;  spent  two  years  at  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  then  located  at 
Greenville,  S.  C. ;  after  which  he  was  called  to  his 
present  pastorate,  where  his  labors  have  been  emi- 
nently successful. 

King,  Rev.  G.  M.  P.,  principal  of  the  Wayland 
Seminary,  Washington,  D.  C,  was  born  at  Oxford, 
Me.,  in  1833.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at  Hebron 
Academy,  and  graduated  from  Colby  University  in 
1857.  He  spent  one  year  at  Newton  Theological 
Seminary.  For  the  school  year  of  185.'<-59  he  had 
charge  of  the  rhetorical  department  of  the  Mary- 
land Agricultural  College.  In  1800  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  East  Providence, 
R.  I.,  and  remained  there  five  years.  In  April, 
1805,  while  spending  a  few  weeks  with  the  army, 
in  the  service  of  the  Christian  Commission,  he  be- 
came interested  in  the  education  of  the  colored  peo- 


KING 


060 


KlNNEliSLKV 


pie  of  the  South,  lie  wrote  and  urgL'd  the  grant- 
ing of  tlie  first  request  to  be  allowed  to  open  a 
school  in  Ilicliinond,  Va.,  for  the  teaching  of  the 
freeJnien.  In  1867  he  took  charge  of  the  National 
Theological  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C, — a  school 
for  their  education.  After  two  years  it  was  united 
with  Wayland  Seminary,  and  Prof.  King  became 
the  |iriiici|ial, — a  position  which  he  still  holds.  In 
the  hogiiining  they  had  no  building  and  but  few 
students;  now  they  have  a  property  free  from 
debt,  worth  nearly  J50,0L)0,  a  handsome  building 
in  a  beautiful  location.  It  has  numbered  nearly 
100  students  annually  for  the  last  ten  years,  about 
half  of  whom  have  been  connected  with  the  the- 
ological department,  and  already  more  than  50 
of  the  students  are  doing  effective  work  as  pastors, 
while  a  much  larger  number  have  engaged  in 
teaching.  The  last  class  numbered  17,  the  largest 
ever  graduated  at  this  excellent  institution. 

King,  Rev.  H.  M.,  was  born  in  Ralls  Co.,  Mo., 
April  S,  l.S.'i'J.  lie  attended  for  some  time  the 
Shelbyville  Seminary,  at  Slielbyville,  Mo.,  and 
afterwards  continued  his  studies  under  a  graduate 
of  Berlin,  and  finally  with  a  Presbyterian  minister 
of  Kentucky.  lie  was  converted  at  Shelbyville, 
Mo.,  in  lS5y,  in  February,  and  baptized  the  same 
month.  In  August  of  that  year  he  commenced 
to  preach,  and  in  the  December  following  was 
ordained. 

Mr.  King  labored  for  some  years  acceptably  in 
Missouri,  when,  on  account  of  being  frail,  he  re- 
moved to  le.xas,  hoping  that  its  milder  climate 
would  suit  him  better.  He  was  quite  successful  at 
Chapel  Hill,  Texas.  Here  his  health  gave  way 
again,  and  he  concluded  to  go  to  Florida.  He  ar- 
rived there  a  few  years  ago,  and  settled  at  Gaines- 
ville. His  first  pastorate  was  at  Fernandina.  He 
has  been  constantly  engaged  in  the  ministry,  and 
his  health  is  restored. 

Mr.  King  is  a  man  of  fine  intelligence,  and  as  a 
preacher  he  has  few  equals.  He  thinks  closely  and 
clearly,  and  expresses  himself  perspicuously.  He 
is  remarkably  prudent,  conservative,  and  firm.  He 
is  able  to  adapt  himself  to  the  various  classes  of 
society,  and  he  is  beloved  alike  by  all,  which,  in  a 
country  with  such  a  complex  population,  adds  very 
materially  to  his  usefulness.  Ho  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  men  in  the  denomination  in  Florida. 

King,  Rev.  I.  D.,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
Feb.  4,  1S24 ;  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Spruce  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  by  Rev.  T. 
0.  Lincoln,  May  8,  1842;  was  ordained  in  May, 
18.54,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Smith- 
field,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  two  years ;  was  sub- 
sequently pastor  of  the  churches  at  Uniontown,  Pa., 
Portsmouth,  0.,  Granville,  0.,  Phoenixville,  Pa., 
and  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia.  In  1876  he  took 
charge  of  a  new  mission  interest  in  Philadelphia, 


which,  under  his  eflicient  labors,  soon  became  the 
Centennial  church.  With  this  church  he  still  con- 
tinues as  pastor,  and  God  is  still  blessing  his  min- 
istry. 

King,  Hon.  Judge  Porter,  was  bom  in  Perry 
Co.,  Ala.,  April  30,  1824;  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Alabama  and  at  Brown  University,  R.  1., 
whilst  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Wayland ; 
studied  law  under  Tlios.  Chilton,  Ksq.  ;  was  judge 
of  the  circuit  court  of  one  of  the  judicial  circuits  of 
the  State  before  the  late  war,  and  held  the  office 
until  deprived  of  it  by  Federal  authority  in  1865 ; 
for  many  yeai-s  a  trustee  of  the  State  University 
and  of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  taking  a  deep 
interest  in  these  institutions;  deacon  in  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Marion,  trustee  of  Howard  College, 
and  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Jud- 
son  Female  Institute.  Judge  King  is  a  wealthy, 
cultivated  gentleman,  a  lawyer  of  distinction,  and 
a  Baptist  of  sterling  worth.  He  is  a  son  of  the 
late  Gen.  E.  D.  King. 

Kinnear,  Judge  William  Boyd,  was  born  in 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  Oct.  12,  1796;  con- 
verted in  that  city,  and  baptized  in  Ilalifiix,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1827 ;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Baptist  seminary  at  Fredericton  ;  elected  member 
of  the  Provincial  Parliament  in  IS,'!2;  appointed  to 
the  Legislative  Council  in  183.S;  was  judge  of  pro- 
bate in  St.  John  for  many  years,  and  was  deacon 
of  Brussels  Baptist  church.  Judge  Kinnear  pos- 
sesses a  keen,  well-cultured  mind,  accurate  knowl- 
edge of  law,  deep  Christian  experience,  zeal  for 
education  and  other  denominational  enterprises, 
and  the  strictest  integrity. 

Kinnersley,  Rev.Ebenzer,  was  bom  in  Glouces- 
ter, England,  Nov.  30,  1707.  He  arrived  in  Amer- 
ica Sept.  12,  1714,  was  ordained  in  1743,  and  min- 
istered in  Philadelphia  and  elsewhere  until  1754. 
He  had  serious  doubts  about  the  character  of 
Whitefield's  preaching,  and  involved  himself  in 
grave  trouble  with  the  Baptist  community  in 
Philadelphia  by  proclaiming  in  the  pulpit  his  con- 
victions. 

"In  1746,"  says  Senator  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania, 
'■  his  attention  was  first  directed  to  the  wonderful 
and  unknown  properties  of  the  electric  fire,  as  it 
was  then  termed,  and  he  was  brought  into  close 
companionship  with  Benjamin  Franklin.  He  was 
intimately  associated  with  Franklin  in  some  of  his 
most  splendid  discoveries,  and  he  more  than  once 
gratefully  acknowledged  his  aid.  He  attracted  the 
attention  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  philosophers 
on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  and  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Araei-ican  Philosophical  Society, 
which  was  then  composed  of  the  most  learned  and 
scientific  men  in  the  city."  He  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  the  English  Tongue  and  of  Oratory  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1755.     He  held  this 


KINNEY 


661 


KITiTLKY 


position  with  ailvaiitui^e  to  tlio  institution  for  eigh- 
teen years,  anil  resigned  it  to  the  great  regret  (if 
the  students  and  their  teacliers.  He  died  July  4, 
1778.  In  the  splendid  huilding  rooetitly  reared 
for  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  a  lieautiful 
memorial  window  eommoiuorates  the  worth  of 
Ehenezer  Kinnerslcy. 

Kinney,  Deacon  Albert  William,  eldest  son 
of  Hon.  R.  0.  Kinney,  is  deacon  of  tlie  Baptist 
church  of  Salem,  Oregon.  He  is  successor  to  his 
father  in  an  immense  business  at  Salem,  is  noted 
for  his  devotion  to  Christ  and  for  his  lovely  spirit. 
lie  is  a  large  contributor  tu  Baptist  benevolent  ob- 
jects and  other  charities  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  He 
was  born  at  Muscatine,  la.,  Oct.  .3,  1843,  became 
a  Christian  in  early  life,  and  is  a  zealous  and 
steadfast  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Kinney,  Hon.  Robert  Crouch,  one  of  the  most 

distinguished  of  Baptist  lienel'aetors  in  Oregon,  was 
born  July  4,  1813,  in  St.  Clair  Co.,  111.  ;  removed 
to  Mu.scatine,  la.,  in  1838,  and  to  Oregon  in  1847  ; 
successful  in  large  business  enterprises,  kind  to  the 
poor,  just  in  his  dealings,  liberal  to  all,  especially 


HO.V.    ROBERT    CROUI'll    KINNEY. 

to  churches  and  colleges.  He  died  at  Salem,*Orc- 
gon,  March  2,  1875  ;  all  business  was  suspended, 
the  Capitol  was  in  mourning,  and  State  officials  wept 
as  for  a  brother  at  the  funeral.  When  death  was 
near,  his  sou,  Dr.  Kinney,  was  summoned  at  mid- 
night to  a  distant  town.  The  night  was  stormy, 
and  the  son,  being  reluctant  to  leave  his  father,  was 
urged  to  go.  "  It  may  be  some  poor  man  that  can- 
not pay  you,  Alfred  ;  but  go  ;  don't  let  him  suffer." 


His  marriage  in  early  life  was  a  happy  one.  He 
and  his  wife  were  Baptists;  their  children  illus- 
trated their  parents'  piety  in  the  consecration  of 
their  wealth  to  the  upbuilding  of  McMinnville  Col- 
lege, the  support  of  missions,  and  all  other  objects 
of  benevolence.  Mr.  Kinney  was  a  member  of  the 
Iowa  Constitutional  Convention  ;  also  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Oregon. 

Kirk,  Rev.  A.  G.,  is  of  Scotch  origin  on  his 
father's  side,  and  of  English  on  his  mother's.  He 
was  born  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  Nov.  14,  1809,  of 
(Quaker  parentage.  His  great-grandfather.  Ben- 
jamin Gilbert,  and  his  family,  were  taken  pris- 
oners by  the  Indians  in  April,  1780,  and  suffered  a 
miserable  captivity,  passing  their  days  in  ccmstant 
terror  of  being  killed,  but,  in  the  language  of  the 
chief,  Rowland  Mintour,  "  The  Great  Spirit  would 
not  let  us  kill  you." 

The  son  remained  with  his  father's  family  until 
his  marriage,  in  1833,  and  in  the  subsequent  year 
removed  into  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  teaching  until 
1845.  On  Jan.  15,  1843,  he  was  baptized,  and 
made  his  first  public  speech  to  a  large  assembly, 
partly  composed  of  his  scholars  and  of  skeptical 
friends  attracted  to  the  solemn  scene.  lie  was 
ordained  Jan.  12,  1S45,  at  Salem,  Columbiana  Co., 
0.  He  was  the  first  resident  pastor  of  the  church 
in  New  Castle,  Lawrence  Co.,  Pa.,  and  the  first 
pastor  of  the  Nixon  Street  church,  Alleghany  City, 
Pa.  At  New  Castle  he  enjoyed  a  prosperous  min- 
istry of  eleven  years.  In  Alleghany  City  and  other 
churches  he  was  highly  favored.  His  entire  min- 
istry has  been  richly  blessed.  In  labors  he  has 
been  abundant,  having  preached  during  thirty- 
three  years  about  5000  sermons,  and  during  the 
entire  period  losing  only  eight  Sabbaths  by  any 
indisposition  of  the  body.  •  He  is  still  in  service. 

Kirtley,  Rev.  E.  N.,  a  prominent  minister  in 
liouisiana,  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  nearly  fifty- 
five  years  of  age.  He  came  to  Louisiana  about 
18.W  as  a  licensed  preacher  in  the  Methodist  church. 
He  was  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Baptist  sentiments 
from  reading  "  Pendleton's  Three  Reasons."  He 
was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister  in  1854,  and  be- 
came a  missionary  of  the  Grand  Cane  Association. 
He  labored  here  until  the  war.  About  1803  he  re- 
moved to  Springville,  in  Red  River  Parish,  and  en- 
gaged in  teaching  and  preaching.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Ringgold,  in  Bienville  Parish,  where  he 
taught  and  preached  until  he  was  called  to  Minden, 
in  1873.  He  then  took  a  school  at  Red  Land,  in 
Bossier  Parish,  where  he  still  lives,  supplying  the 
church  at  Bellevue,  the  capital  of  Bossier  Parish. 

Kirtley,  Rev.  Robert,  was  horn  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va..  May  30,  I78t;.  In  1796  he  with  his 
parents  emigrated  to  Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  spent 
the  remainder  of  a  long  and  eminentlv  useful  life. 


KITCHEN 


662 


KNAPP 


He  professed  religion  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bullittsbiirg  in  hsll.  In  1S12  he  en- 
tered tlie  army  as  a  lieutenant,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  campaign  returned  home  and  engaged  in  the 
active  duties  of  religion,  lie  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  I8I9,  ordained  in  IS22,  and  in  1826  he  succeeded 
the  beloved  Absalom  Graves  in  the  pastoral  care  of 
Bnllittsburg  church,  lie  was  the  leading  preacher 
for  years  in  North  Bend  Association,  of  which 
he  was  moderator  thirty-one  years.  He  died  April 
9,  1S72. 

Kitchen,  Hon.  W.  H.,  who  represents  the  Sec- 
ond Districtof  North  Carolina  in  the  U.  S.  Congress, 
was  born  in  1S3T  ;  received  a  collegiate  education 
in  Virginia;  road  law;  entered  the  army  in  ISOl, 
and  attaineil  the  rank  of  captain  of  infantry,  12th 
Regiment  N.  C.  troops  ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  C. 
Durham  in  1876.  Mr.  Kitchen  is  a  man  of  great 
worth. 

Kitts,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  was  born  in  1780,  and 
was  licensed  to  |ireach  by  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Wilmington,  Del.  lie  was  ordained  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  of  Canton,  N.  J.  In  1823  he 
took  charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delphia. This  office  he  held  for  nearly  sixteen 
years,  till  death  suuimimed  him  to  the  skies. 

His  preaching  was  able  and  his  ministry  success- 
ful. He  was  a  man  of  prayer  ;  he  was  thoroughly 
conversant  with  the  Word  of  God  ;  he  lived  near 
the  Eternal,  whose  love  lifted  his  heart  above  the 
world  and  gave  him  the  warm  regards  of  all  the 
friends  of  Jesus  with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 
He  died  Jan.  26,  183S,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of 
liis  age. 

Knapp,  Halsey  Wing,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York  in  October,  1824.  His  father, 
Kev.  Henry  K.  Knapp,  was  a  successful  Baptist 
minister,  and  his  mother  a  woman  of  piety  and 
force  of  character.  In  his  youth  and  early  man- 
hood he  was  impulsive,  energetic,  and  jovial,  lead- 
ing a  restless  life,  some  years  of  which  were  spent 
at  sea.  In  1846  he  settled  in  business  in  New 
York.  He  was  converted  in  1857,  and  in  1858  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  by  a  Council  of  the  Baptist 
churches  of  New  Y^ork.  From  this  time  his  career 
has  been  especially  eventful.  His  pastorates  have 
been  at  West  Farms  and  Hudson  City,  and  in  New 
York  City  with  the  South,  Pilgrim,  and  Light 
Street  churches.  These  important  positions  he 
has  filled  and  at  the  same  time  conducted  an  ex- 
tensive business.  During  nineteen  years  of  pulpit 
service  he  has  given  away  his  entire  salary  to  re- 
ligious and  benevolent  objects.  He  daily  trans- 
acts business,  preaches  every  night  in  the  week, 
during  revival  seasons  traveling  at  night  to  keep 
his  appointments,  without  any  expense  to  the 
churches,  and  he  often  gives  largely  of  his  own 
means  to  assist  new  churches.     His  donations  are 


without  ostentation,  and  aggregate  many  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  As  a  preacher  Dr.  Knapp  is 
eloquent  and  impressive,  and  he  is  greatly  beloved 
by  his  denomination.  A  Western  college  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1876. 
Knapp,  Rev.  Henry  Reynolds,  was  born  in 

the  city  of  New  Y'urk  Dec.  (i,  L^Od  ;  converted  at  the 
age  of  twenty-four;  with  his  Inilf-brothcr,  Wil- 
liam, organized  a  Sunday-school  and  preaching 
service  in  the  basement  of  his  father's  house,  out  of 
which  grew  the  Sixteenth  Street  Baptist  church; 
licensed  by  McDougal  Street  Baptist  church  in 
1832;  ordained  pastor  of  Greenport  church,  L.  I., 
Oct.  8,  1834:  having  evangelistic  gifts,  afterwards 
settled  with  Baptist  church,  Essex,  Ccmn.  ;  First 
Baptist  church.  New  Londt)n  ;  Baptist  church,  Pres- 
ton City;  Second  Baptist  church,  Groton;  church 
in  Rockville;  church  at  Rondout,  on  the  Hudson; 
returned  to  Greenport,  L.  I. ;  with  church  at  Noank, 
Conn.;  with  the  church  at  Hastings,  on  the  Hud- 
son ;  clear  and  forcible  preacher;  sound  in  doctrine 
and  devoted  in  labors;  his  ministry  crowned  with 
many  and  happy  revivals;  occupying  diOerent 
fields  in  order  to  do  the  most  good :  in  every  place 
honored  and  held  in  sweet  remembrance;  has  three 
sons  now  living.  Rev.  Halsey  W.  Knapp,  D.D., 
Rev.  Samuel  J.  Knapp,  and  Prof.  Knapp  of  Yale 
College;  had  in  his  wife  an  eminent  helpmeet; 
died  May  13,  1862,  in  his  sixty-second  j'ear,  and 
the  thirty-first  of  his  ministry. 

Knapp,  Rev.  Jacob,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1799.  in 
Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  died  at  Rockford,  111.,  March 
3,  1874.  He  studied  at  Hamilton  in  1821-25.  and 
was  ordained  August  23  in  the  year  last  named. 
Entering  the  pastorate  at  Springfield,  Otsego  Co., 
N.  Y.,  he  remained  there  five  years;  then  removed 
to  AVatertown,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  three 
years.  Entering  there  upon  the  work  of  an 
"evangelist,"  he  continued  in  that  service  during 
the  remaining  forty-two  years  of  his  public  minis- 
try. Fifteen  years  he  resided  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
twenty-five  upon  his  farm  near  Rockford,  111.  In 
his.  revivalist  work  ho  ranged  widely  over  New 
Y'ork,  New  England,  and  the  Western  States,  in- 
cluding California.  "He  preached  about  16,000 
.sermons,"  says  Prof.  Spear,  of  Madison  University, 
"  led  about  200  young  men  to  preach  the  gospel, 
and  baptized  4000."  Mr.  Knapp's  physique  was 
in  some  sense  a  type  of  his  mental  and  spiritual 
habit.  He  was  of  moderate  height,  strongly  built, 
with  broad  shoulders  and  a  muscular  frame  capa- 
ble of  great  endurance.  His  conspicuous  physical, 
like  his  mental,  quality  was  that  of  robustness, 
while  the  business-like  air  with  which  he  moved 
about  in  his  ordinary  avocations  was  typical  of 
the  serious,  earnest,  unflinching  way  in  which  he 
preached  and  toiled  in  the  face  of  severe  personal 
exposure  and  reproach.     His  preaching  was  doc- 


KNAl'l' 


663 


KiVOLLYS 


trinal,  direct,  unsparing,  even  sometimes  to  tlie 
verge  of  coarseness;  but  liis  power  over  audiences 
was  remarlsable,  and  tlie  fruits  of  liis  long  toil  in 
his  cliosen  sphere,  while  not  always  genuine,  were 
believed  in  many  cases  to  be  so,  and  always  abun- 
dant. Among  his  last  words  were,  "Oh,  I  have 
come  to  the  everlasting  hills  !" 

"On  Christ  tbo  suIiJ  rock  I  stand. 
All  utlitr  gruuiiJ  is  a  nkiiig  siinij." 

He  was  buried  at  Rockford,  111.,  Drs.  Cole  and 
Osgood  and  lion.  Messrs.  Fulton,  of  Belvidere, 
and  Holraan,  of  Rockford,  participating  in  the 
service. 

Knapp,  William  J.,  Ph.D.,  was  born  at  Green- 
point,  Long  Island,  March  10,  1S3.J;  received  his 
collegiate  education  in  Madison  and  New  York 
Universities.  At  graduation,  in  Madison,  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Modern  Languages,  for  which 
he  possesses  remarkable  qualifications.  For  a  time 
he  was  Professor  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Lan- 
guages in  Vassar  College.  In  1S67  New  York 
University  conferred  upon  him  tlie  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  For  some  years  he  was 
engaged  in  successful  missionary  labors  in  Spain. 
He  is  now  a  professor  in  Yale  College. 

Eneeland,  Rev.  Levi,  was  bom  in  Masonville, 
N.  Y.,  in  lt;u3  ;  converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  ehurcli  in  Masonville;  at 
twenty  licensed  to  preach ;  in  1824  entered  Ham- 
ilton Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and  re- 
mained four  years;  ordained  at  Packerville,  Conn., 
Oct.  8,  I82S,  with  church  just  formed;  held  meet- 
ings in  remote  neighborhoods  ;  established  branch 
church  at  Voluntown  ;  preached  at  Jewett  City, 
Sterling,  and  Plaintield  ;  assisted  in  protracted 
meetings  at  Norwich  and  elsewhere ;  lield  pro- 
tracted meetings  at  Packerville  every  year ;  bold, 
aggressive,  mighty  in  prayer,  powerful  in  exhorta- 
tion, full  of  illustrations,  aBFable,  sociable  ;  intent 
on  saving  souls  and  greatly  beloveii  by  his  brethren  ; 
in  the  six  years  of  bis  ministry  baptized  more  than 
300;  died  at  Packerville,  Aug.  23,  1834,  aged 
thirty-one. 

Knight,  Rev.  Aaron  Brightwell,  A.M.,  was 
born  in  Toild  Co..  Ky.,  Fob.  24,  1S;24.  II.-  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  Russellville  in  1842, 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1846,  and  was  ordained 
in  1850.  Ho  was  educated  at  Centre  College,  Ky.. 
and  graduated  in  1845,  after  which  he  pursued  a 
three  yearn'  course  at  Princeton  Theological  Sem- 
inary, in  New  Jersey.  He  received  several  flatter- 
ing calls  to  city  and  village  churches,  but  preferring 
the  quiet  of  a  country  home,  after  preaching  a  short 
time  for  Salem  church  in  Christian  County,  in  his 
native  State,  he  settled  on  a  farm  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1858,  where  he  still  resides.  He  has  been 
pastor  of  Burk's  Branch  church  since  1858,  and  for 
a  short  time  of  Clay  Village  church.     Since  1871 


he  has  been  pastor  at  Simpsonville  church.  In 
1863  he  was  moderator  of  the  General  Association, 
and  has  been  thirteen  years  moderator  of  Long 
Run  Association,  which  includes  the  churches  of 
Louisville.  He  was  active  in  establishing  the 
Kentucky  Female  College  at  Shelbyville  ;  was  its 
first  president,  and  chairman  of  its  board  of  trustees 
until  it  was  destroj'cd  by  fire.  He  is  a  good 
preacher,  and  is  much  beloved  and  honored  by  his 
people. 

Knight,  Rev.  Richard,  author  of  the  "  History 
of  the  General  and  Six-Principle  Baptists  in  Eng- 
land and  America,"  in  two  parts  ;  and  the  son  of 
Deacon  Stephen  Knight,  was  born  in  Cranston, 
R.  I.,  Oct.  5,  1771 ;  a  descendant  of  Richard  Knight, 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Cranston  ;  united  with  the 
Six-Principle  Baptists  in  1804  ;  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Scituate,  R.  I.,  Oct.  19,  1809,  by  Revs. 
Westcott,  Manchester,  and  Sprague ;  served  this 
church  till  his  death  ;  favored  wilh  powerful  re- 
vivals ;  his  church  finally  numbered  over  400  mem- 
bers :  published  his  history  (8vo,  370  pages)  in 
1827  ;  occupied  his  pulpit  for  fifty-three  years  ;  a 
man  of  great  worth,  industry,  and  strength  ;  died 
in  Cranston,  R.  I.,  April  10,  1863,  in  his  ninety- 
second  year. 

Knollys,  Rev.  Hanserd,  A.M.,  was  born  at 
Chalkwrll,  in  Lincolnshire,  in  1598.  His  parents 
gave  their  son  religious  instruction  and  a  superior 
education.  He  was  sent  to  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  remained  until  he  graduated.  He 
had  some  religious  exercises  before  he  came  to  Cam- 
bridge, but  sermons  which  he  heard  during  his 
residence  there  were  blessed  to  his  conversion. 

In  June,  162'J,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop 
of  Peterborough,  and  soon  after  he  received  the 
living  of  Humbcrstone  from  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 
While  at  Iluniberstone  he  preached  in  many  par- 
ishes besiile  his  own,  and  at  several  hours  in  the 
day.  He  frequently  proclaimed  Christ  at  Ilolton 
at  seven  in  the  morning,  at  Ilumberstone  at  nine, 
at  Scartha  at  eleven,  and  at  Ilumberstone  again  at 
three  in  the  afternoon,  besides  preaching  on  every 
holiday.  After  he  became  a  Non-conformist  he  was 
in  the  pulpit  just  as  frequently.  For  above  forty 
years  he  delivered  three  or  four  sermons  a  week, 
and  when  he  was  in  prison  he  preached  every  day. 
While  he  was  a  clergyman  of  the  National  Church 
and  a  Conformist  he  knew  of  no  case  of  conversion 
resulting  from  his  labors,  but  when  he  set  out 
without  state  support  he  had  throngs  of  converts. 

He  was  convinced  that  many  things  in  the  Kpis- 
copal  Church  were  destitute  of  Scripture  warrant, 
and  ho  first  resigned  his  parish,  and  then  two  or 
three  j-ears  afterwards  his  ministry  and  member- 
ship in  the  Anglican  Church.  This  event  occurred 
in  1636.  That  year  he  was  arrested  by  order  of 
"The  High  Commission  Court,"'  a  tribunal  second 


KXOLL YS 


664 


KNOLLYS 


only  to  the  Inqiiisitioii  in  wickedness,  Init  liy  the 
connivance  of  tlie  man  who  had  him  in  charj^e  lie 
escaped.  lie  started  for  New  England  by  way  of 
London.  There  he  had  to  wait  so  long  for  a  vessel 
that  his  entire  money  was  spent  except  six  brass 
farthings.  His  wife,  however,  was  able  to  give 
hiiM  live  pounds.  They  were  twelve  weeks  on  their 
passage,  and  their  provisions  became  nearly  unfit 
for  use. 

When  he  arrived  at  Boston,  which  was  in  1638, 
lie  was  spei'dily  and  falsely  denounced  as  an  Anti- 
nomian,  and  though  he  met  with  some  kindness  he 
had  to  work  with  a  hoe  to  secure  his  daily  broad. 
He  was  there  but  a  brief  time  when  he  liad  an  op- 
portunity to  go  to  Dover,  then  called  Piscataway, 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  preach  the  gospel  to  the 


v^ 


UEV.    IHNSF.RD    K.VOLI.VS,   A.M. 

people  of  that  place.  That  he  was  a  Baptist  at 
this  time  we  see  no  reason  to  doulit.  Mr.  Mather 
says  in  his  "  Ecclesiastical  History  of  New  Eng- 
land," "I  confess  there  were  some  of  those  per- 
sons (more  than  a  score  of  emigrant  ministers  that 
had  arrived  in  Massachusetts)  whose  names  deserve 
to  live  in  our  book  for  their  piety,  although  their 
particular  opinions  were  such  as  to  be  disservice- 
able  unto  the  declared  and  supposed  interests  of 
our  churches.  Of  these  there  were  some  godly 
Anabaptists ;  as  namely  Mr.  Hanserd  Knollys,  of 
Dover,  who,  afterwards  removing  back  to  London, 
lately  died  there,  a  good  man,  in  a  good  old  age." 
That  Mr.  Mather  was  acquainted  with  the  religious 
opinions  held  by  Hanserd  Knollys  when  he  was  in 
Dover  is  evident  to  us.     There  was  a  bitter  contro- 


versy between  two  sections  of  .Mr.  Knollys'  church 
during  his  residence  there,  and  his  doctrines  un- 
questionably were  well  known,  and  Mather  speaks 
of  him  as  an  Anabaptist  when  he  came.  We  wish 
no  better  testimony  to  the  good  character  of  Han- 
serd Knollys  whilst  in  Di)ver,  and  to  his  Baptist 
principles,  than  Mather  furnishes.  Knollys  prob- 
ably had  a  sort  of  union  church  there  for  a  time, 
such  as  Backus  had  for  a  short  period  at  Middle- 
borough.  Mr.  Lechford,  an  Episcopalian,  visited 
Dover  in  April,  1641,  and  he  describes  a  controversy 
existing  between  Mr.  Knollys  and  a  ministerial 
oiiponent  there  as  being  about  baptism  and  cliurch 
membership.  "  They  two,"  says  he,  "  fell  out 
about  baptizing  children,  receiving  of  members," 
etc.  And  Mr.  Knollys'  section  of  the  Dover 
church  evidently  held  Baptist  sentiments.  The 
Baptists  taught  by  Knollys,  to  escape  persecution 
from  Massachusetts,  to  which  Dover  was  recently 
united,  removed,  in  1641,  to  Long  Island.  After 
Long  Island  fell  under  the  power  of  the  English 
and  of  Episcopalianism  they  removed  again,  and 
located  pc^rnianently  in  New  Jersey,  near  New 
Brunswick,  and  they  called  their  third  American 
home  Piscataway,  after  their  first  on  this  continent. 
The  Piscataway  church  is  to-day  as  vigorous  a 
community  as  bears  the  Baptist  name  in  any  part 
of  our  broad  country. 

Mr.  Knollys  was  summoned  to  England  by  his 
aged  father,  and  on  his  return  immediately  com- 
menced to  preach  in  the  churches.  For  this  he  was 
drawn  into  frequent  troubles.  At  last  he  set  up  a 
separate  meeting  in  Great  St.  Helen's,  London, 
where  the  people  thronged  his  house,  and  his  con- 
gregations commonly  numbered  a  thousand.  For 
this  innovation  he  was  summoned  before  a  com- 
mittee of  "  The  AVestminster  Assembly  of  Divines," 
by  whoso  chairman  he  was  commanded  to  preach 
no  more.  But  his  ready  reply  was  that  "  he  would 
preach  the  gospel  publicly,  and  from  house  to 
house." 

In  1645  he  was  formally  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  which  he  had  gathered  in  London. 
This  position  he  retained  till  his  death.  His  pop- 
ularity as  a  preacher  was  very  great,  and  it  con- 
tinued till  a  late  period  of  life. 

He  was  imprisoned  frequently  for  breaking  the 
laws  against  the  worship  of  Dissenters.  Even  in 
his  eighty-fourth  year  he  was  in  jail  six  months, 
and  just  before  his  incarceration  he  refused  to  em- 
ploy his  immense  influence  with  the  Baptists  to 
secure  their  approval  of  the  suspension  of  the 
penal  laws  by  James  II. 

lie  was  a  strong  Calvinist,  a  devoted  servant  of 
God,  a  decided  Baptist,  a  firm  friend  of  every  true 
Christian,  and  a  man  of  great  learning  in  the  an- 
cient languages  and  in  general  literature.  He  was 
the  author  of  eleven  works,  among  which  was  a 


KNOWLES 


665 


KNOWLES 


grammar  of  the  Latin,  (ircek,  and  Ilelircw  lan- 
guages, lie  was  regarded,  and  lie  is  still  revered, 
as  a  shining  light  by  the  denomination  whose 
name  he  lionored  and  whose  bounds  he  extended. 
He  died  in  London,  Sept.  19,  IG'Jl,  in  the  ninety- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

Knowles,  Prof.  James  Davis,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  L,  in  July,  179S.  His  lather  having 
(lied  when  he  was  but  twelve  years  old,  he  was  left 
to  the  care  of  an  affectionate  motlier,  who  lived  to 
see  the  successful  career  of  her  .son.  He  was  placed 
when  quite  young  in  a  printing-office  in  Provi- 
dence, which  became  to  him  an  excellent  school  for 
the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  became  the  co-editor  of  one  of  the 
leading  journals  of  Rhode  Island. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  he  made  a  public  pro- 
fession of  his  faith  under  Rev.  Dr.  Oano's  ministry, 
and  he  became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Providence,  and  soon  after  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel.  All  the  previous  jilans  which  he  had 
formed  with  reference  to  his  future  life  were  aban- 
doned, and  he  resolved  to  give  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  To  prepare  for  it  he  pursued  a 
course  of  theological  study  with  Dr.  Stoughton, 
first  in  Philadelphia,  and  then  in  AVashington  when 
his  teacher  removed  to  that  city  to  take  charge  of 
Columbian  College. 

Along  with  his  theological  studies  he  was  able  to 
pur.sue  a  collegiate  course  with  such  success  that  at 
the  end  of  two  years  he  graduated  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class.  He  was  at  once  appointed 
tutor  in  the  college,  which  office  he  held  until  the 
summer  of  1825,  when  he  returned  to  New  Eng- 
land, having  received  a  call  to  become  the  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  venerated  Dr.  Baldwin.  He  was  or- 
dained Dec.  28,  1825.  After  a  pastorate  of  seven 
years  he  felt  compelled  to  resign  his  charge,  and 
by  a  change  of  occupation  relieve  his  overtaxed 
energies.  Having  been  appointed  Profes.sor  of 
Pastoral  Duties  and  Sacred  Rhetoric  in  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution,  he  retired  from  the  church, 
between  which  and  himself  there  was  the  warmest 
affection.  He  found  renewed  health  in  the  position 
to  which  the  providence  of  God  had  called  him,  and 
made  his  experience  as  a  minister  of  Christ  of  the 
highest  importance  to  him  in  his  new  field  of  labor. 
It  was  (luring  his  connection  with  the  seminary 
that  he  conducted  the  Chrisliun  Iiericw  with  an 
ability  that  placed  it  among  the  best  quarterlies  in 
the  country.  Prof.  Knowles  was  the  author  of  the 
biography  of  Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine  Judson,  one  of 
the  most  finished  memoirs  ever  published  in 
Ameri(ja.  He  was  also  author  of  a  memoir  of 
Roger  Williams. 

The  connection  of  Prof.  Knowles  with  the  New- 
ton Theological  Institution  terminated  very  sud- 
43 


denly.  While  on  a  visit  to  New  York  he  contracted 
the  smallpox,  and  shortly  after  his  return  sunk 
under  the  attack  and  died  May  9,  1838,  being  within 
a  few  weeks  of  forty  years  of  age.  Ills  apparently 
premature  decease  was  lamented  by  all  who  knew 
him.  Prof.  Knowles  was  a  man  of  great  energy 
and  indomitable  will.  His  life  was  one  of  dili- 
gence, and  of  quiet  but  persistent  work.  He  was 
not  to  be  led  aside  from  the  performance  of  his 
duties  by  the  temptations  of  ease  or  by  difficulties 
besetting  his  path.  The  denomination  has  cause 
for  rejoicing  in  his  devotedness  to  the  service  of 
Christ. 

Knowles,  J.  Sheridan,  author  of  "Virginius" 
and  other  dramas  of  great  literary  excellence  and 
celebrity,  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Torquay, 
Devon,  England,  in  1847,  when  he  was  about  sixty 
years  of  age.  He  had  maintained  a  high  moral  char- 
acter throughout  his  lit(^rary  career,  but  n^ceived 
no  serious  religious  impressions  until  late  in  life. 
The  senii-popery  prevalent  in  the  Established 
Church  at  Torquay,  where  he  resided,  disgusted, 
him,  and  he  resorted  to  the  Baptist  meeting-house, 
where,  under  the  ministry  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  King, 
he  found  the  joy  of  salvation.  Soon  after  his  con- 
version he  went  forth  as  an  evangelist,  and  crowds 
came  together  to  hear  him.  Always  a  graceful  elo- 
cutionist, his  reading  of  the  Scriptures  was  very 
impressive.  Until  his  death,  which  took  place 
Nov.  30,  1862,  he  manifested  the  deepest  interest 
in  evangelical  Christianity  and  a  firm  attachment 
to  Baptist  principles.  His  eminent  literary  ser- 
vices were  recognized  by  the  government,  and  a 
pension  was  awarded  him,  which,  after  his  death, 
w.is  continued  to  his  widow. 

Knowles,  Deacon  Levi,  a  merchant  of  Phila- 
delphia, was  born  in  New  -Jersey  in  1813.  He  early 
commenced  business,  and  determined  to  pursue 
it  with  energy  and  industry.  He  began  life  with- 
out the  advantage  of  capital,  but  resolved  to  use 
all  the  talent  he  possessed  to  succeed.  He  joined 
the  church  in  his  j'outh,  adopting  the  Baptist 
faith,  that  had  been  handed  down  through  two 
generations  in  his  family.  He  gave  some  of  his 
best  etTorts  to  the  Sunday-school  cause  and  other 
objects  of  benevolence.  He  was  unanimously 
elected  a  deacon  in  three  different  churches  while 
he  was  in  their  membership.  His  services  were 
sought  for  to  take  charge  of  the  funds  of  various 
organizations,  for  twelve  of  which  he  is  now  treas- 
urer, and  in  none  of  which  is  any  compensation 
given.  His  firm  has  maintained  its  credit  through 
all  the  vicissitudes  and  panics  of  years.  Mr. 
Knowles  is  familiar  with  the  great  writers  of  the 
p.-ist  and  present.  He  Inarried  wisely  and  was 
blessed  with  children,  in  whose  society  he  spends 
many  of  his  happiest  hours.  He  is  strong  in  his 
friendships,  liberal  in  his  gifts,  and  one  of  the  pil- 


KNOWLES 


666 


KRISHNA  PAL 


lars  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  Pliiladelphia. 
Mrs.  Knowles,  with  rare  wisdom  and  iL^enenius 
giving,  has  made  the  Baptist  Home  of  I'hiladel- 
pliia,  of  wliieli  she  is  president,  one  of  tlie  most 
successful  institutions  of  its  class  on  either  side  of 
the  Atlantic. 

Knowles,  William  B.,  son  of  Deacon  Levi  and 
Mrs.  E.  A.  Knowles,  was  born  in-  Philadelphia, 
Feb.  20,  184S,  and  died  Sept.  22,  1875,  at  the  early 
age  of  twenty-seven  years.  Mr.  Knowles  was  pos- 
sessed of  fine  natural  abilities,  and,  in  addition  to  a 
liberal  education,  he  received  a  thomugh  training 
for  mercantile  pursuits,  enalding  him  in  early  man- 
hood to  occupy  a  prominent  position  in  the  busi- 
ness community  of  his  native  city.  As  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  L.  Knowles  &  Co.,  so  widely  and 
honorably  known,  he  was  brought  into  relations 
with  merchants  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
gained  by  his  deportment  and  honorable  bearing  a 
wide  circle  of  friends. 

The  Christian  character  of  William  B.  Knowles 
was  an  exemplification  of  the  great  beauty  and 
usefulness  that  tlie  Lord  often  causes  to  be  mani- 
fested in  a  life  devoted  from  tender  years  to  his 
service.  Very  early  he  gave  clear  evidence  of  a 
change  of  heart,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  he  spoke 
of  his  love  for  Jesus  to  the  Tabernacle  church  of 
Philadelphia,  and  on  the  last  Lord's  Day  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1S60,  he  was  "buried  with  Clirist  in  bap- 
tism." 

From  this  date  until  his  triumphant  death  his 
life  was  one  of  faith  manifested  by  works.  Clerk 
of  Beth-Eden  church  from  its  organization,  active 
in  the  Sunday-school,  young  people's  association, 
and  in  the  prayer-meetings  of  the  church,  he  was 
always  solicitous  for  the  spiritual  interests  of  Zion. 
In  his  daily  life  he  commended  to  others  the  re- 
ligion of  the  Lord  Jesus  by  maintaining  a  high 
Christian  reputation.  In  his  early  bloom,  just  as 
the  promise  of  his  youth  began  to  be  fulfilled,  he 
passed  away,  and,  to  use  his  last  faint  words,  he 
was  "  Safe,  safe  in  the  arms  of  Jesus." 

His  loss  was  severely  felt,  and  the  most  tender 
sympathy  was  expressed  for  his  parents  and  loving 
wife  by  the  Commercial  Exchange  of  Philadel- 
phia, merchants  in  this  and  other  cities,  and  by 
ministers  and  hosts  of  brethren  in  the  Christian 
faith. 

Knowlton,  Miles  Justin,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
West  M'ardsborough,  Vt.,  Feb.  S,  1S25.  Both  his 
parents  were  persons  of  more  than  ordinary  excel- 
lence of  character,  and  took  the  deepest  interest  in 
the  early  development  of  their  son.  He  prepared 
for  college  at  West  Townsend,  and  completed  both 
his  collegiate  and  his  theological  course  at  Hamil- 
ton. Near  the  close  of  his  college  course  he  seems 
to  have  had  a  fresh  baptism  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
which  was  followed  by  a  new  and  thorough  conse- 


cration of  himself  to  any  work  which  his  Lord  had 
for  him  to  do.  A  missionary  life,  either  at  home 
or  abroad,  appeared  to  him  to  be  that  to  which  he 
regarded  it  both  as  a  privilege  and  a  duty  to  devote 
himself.  At  length  his  mind  settled  upon  the 
foreign  field,  and  he  offered  himself  to  the  Mis- 
sionary Union  and  was  accepted,  and  China  was 
designated  as  the  field  of  his  labor.  He  was  or- 
dained in  his  native  town  Oct.  8,  1853,  and  soon 
after  sailed  for  China,  arriving  at  Ningpo  in  June, 
1804,  which  henceforth  was  to  be  his  home,  and 
where  he  was  to  labor  as  a  servant  of  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  There  he  continued  for  a  little  more 
than  twenty  years,  deducting  two  years  for  his 
temporary  sojourn  in  this  country,  whither  he  had 
come  to  recover  his  shattered  health.  With  single- 
ness of  aim  and  the  utmost  persistency  he  gave 
himself  to  the  one  great  business  of  preaching 
"the  glorious  gospel  of  the  blessed  God"  to  the 
Chinese.  In  season  and  out  of  season  he  deter- 
mined to  know  only  one  thing  among  the  heathen, 
and  that  was  the  gospel  of  Christ.  He  was  full 
of  energy  and  moral  heroism,  and  he  knew  how  to 
kindle  the  enthusiasm  in  the  souls  of  others  which 
he  felt  in  his  own. 

Dr.  Knowlton,  in  Ningpo,  did  not  spare  himself 
if  he  might  but  win  souls  to  Christ.  At  the  post 
of  labor  he  was  found  when  death  came  to  him,  on 
the  lOtli  of  September,  1874.  It  is  thus  that  the 
executive  board  speak  of  him  in  their  sixty-first 
annual  report:  "With  what  earnestness,  what 
zeal,  what  love  for  Christ  and  the  souls  of  men, 
what  devotion  to  the  special  evangelization  of  the 
great  empire  of  China,  and  with  what  success  in 
his  personal  work  as  a  missionary  of  the  cross, 
our  lamented  Brother  Knowlton  gave  himself  to 
his  life-work  for  twenty  years,  is  partially  and  im- 
perfectly recorded  in  the  history  of  your  work  in 
China,  but  it  is  all  registered  in  completeness  in 
the  book  above.  He  died  in  the  city  of  Ningpo, 
on  the  10th  of  September  last,  in  the  very  midst  of 
his  usefulness.     China  mourns." 

Knox,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  Saco,  Me., 
Oct.  24,  1816,  and  fitted  for  college  at  the  academy 
in  Yarmouth,  Me.  He  graduated  at  Waterville 
College,  in  the  class  of  1840.  Having  spent  a  year 
at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  he  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Topsham, 
Me.,  where  he  remained  for  four  years,  when  he 
removed  to  Cornish,  where  he  was  pastor  two  years, 
and  then  to  Lewiston,  where  his  relation  witli  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  city  continued  for  thirteen 
years.  He  had  two  brief  pastorates  after  leaving 
Lewiston,  one  at  Brunswick,  and  the  other  at  Law- 
rence, Mass.  While  acting  as  chaplain  of  the  3d 
Me.  Regiment  in  the  late  war  he  died,  in  Virginia, 
Oct.  31,  1864. 

Krislina  Pal  was  the  first  Hindoo  led  into  the 


KKISHXA   PAL 


667 


LAILET 


baptismal  waters  Iiy  Dr.  Carey  ;  he  had  courage  and 
faith  to  stand  alone  in  renouncing  tlie  abomina- 
tions of  his  countrymen  in  the  presence  of  his 
kindred.  He  was  born  about  1764,  at  Chanderna- 
gore,  Hengal. 

Krishna  was  by  trade  a  carpenter ;  and  in 
listening  to  a  di.scour,se  on  the  foil}'  of  idolatry  and 
the  great  truths  of  Christianity,  he  became  deeply 
jitfected  and  shed  tears.  He  visited  the  mission- 
aries soon  after  for  religious  instruction,  and  re- 
ceived with  great  eagerness  the  truths  wliich  they 
communicated.  Soon  he  felt  that  he  had  put  his 
trust  in  Jesus,  and  that  he  was  a  Christian. '  He 
then  requested  baptism,  and  laid  aside  openly  his 
allegiance  to  idolatry.  He  sat  down  at  the  table 
of  the  missionaries  in  presence  of  their  Hindoo 
servants,  and  by  tliis  act  renounced  caste.  The 
news  spread  rapidly,  and  soon  Krislina  was  be- 
sieged by  a  mob  of  2(100  persons,  who  poured  out 
torrents  of  maledictions  upon  him,  and  then  dragged 
him  to  the  magistrate,  who  immediately  released 
him  and  commended  him  for  the  piety  of  his  course, 
and  commanded  the  mob  to  disperse.  The  magis- 
trate placed  a  Sepoy  at  Krishna's  house  to  guard 
him,  and  dlfcred  armed  protection  to  the  mission- 
aries during  tlic  celebration  of  the  rite  of  baptism. 
The  immersion  occurred  in  the  Ganges,  on  the  28th 
of  December,  1800.  Mr.  Carey  walked  to  the  river 
from  the  chapel  with  his  eldest  son,  Felix,  on  one 
side,  and  Krishna  on  the  other.  At  the  landing 
there  were  gatliered  the  governor  and  a  number  of 
Europeans,  and  a  great  throng  of  Hindoos  and 
Mohammedans.  Mr.  Ward  preached  a  sermon  in 
English  from  John  v.  39,  "  Search  the  Scriptures." 
Dr.  Carey  delivered  an  address  in  Bengali  after 
a  Bengali  translation  of  the  hymn  was  sung, — 

*'  Jesus,  and  shall  it  evtT  be, 
A  uiurtal  I  lau  a^iliumed  of  tUee  Y^ 


Then  he  baptized  Felix  Carey  and  Krishna  aroid 
profound  silence  and  deep  solemnity.  Krishna 
was  the  first  baptized  convert  after  seven  years  of 
labor.  Krishna  the  same  day  partook  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,  and  he  enjoyed  an  unusual  measure  of  tlie 
love  of  God  as  he  waited  upon  Him  in  both  ordi- 
nances. For  more  than  twenty  years  Krislina  Pal 
preached  the  blessed  gospel  to  his  countrymen  with 
great  success  and  ability.  He  led  a  holy  life  and  he 
possessed  a  strong  faith,  and  when  he  came  to  the  end 
of  his  earthly  journey  his  heart  was  full  of  peace, 
and  of  the  light  of  a  bright  hope  of  immediate  en- 
trance into  heaven.  A  European  who  w.as  present 
at  his  dying  couch  says,  "  I  myself  witnessed  the 
last  moments  of  Krishna,  and  heard  his  aged  and 
quivering  lips  speak  of  the  preciousness  of  Christ." 
Krishna  composed  the  beautiful  hymn  from  which 
the  following  stanzas  are  taken  : 

"O  Hum  ray  eoul,  forget  no  more 
The  Friend  who  alt  thy  misery  bore; 
Let  every  idol  l>e  forgot, 
But,  0  uiy  Boul,  forget  Him  not. 

"Jesus  for  thee  a  Iwdy  takes; 
Thy  guilt  iLssumes,  thy  fetters  breaks, 
Discharging  all  thy  dreadful  debt ; 
And  canst  thou  e'er  such  love  forget  ?" 

Kutchin,  Rev.  T.  T.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Nov.  0,  1S15,  died  at  Dartmouth,  Wis.,  Aug.  7, 
1877.  He  entered  the  ministry  at  New  Britain, 
Pa.,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and  at  once  became 
popular  as  a  preacher.  He  came  to  Wisconsin  in 
IS55.  For  many  years  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Milwaukee  Sentinel,  and  subsequently  of  the  Fan 
du  Lac  CommnniDealth.  He  was  distinguished  for 
remarkable  intellectual  power  united  with  great 
kindness  of  heart.  His  two  sons  are  esteemed 
ministers  of  the  gospel,  occupying  important  pul- 
pits in  the  State. 


I  >  nor  I  t 


L. 


La  Grange  College  was  chartered  in  1859,  and 
a  commodious  brick  building  was  erected,  90  by  70 
feet,  which  was  finished  in  IStjf'i.  It  had  superior 
chemical  and  jihild.sophical  apparatus  when  J.  F. 
Cook,  LIj.D.,  became  president.  Both  sexes  are 
admitted  to  this  institution.  In  the  fourteen  years 
of  his  presidency  there  have  been  more  than 
two  thousand  matriculations,  and  among  the  num- 
ber about  sixty  students  for  the  ministry.  Nearly 
$15,0(X)  have  been  raised  for  iniprovomcnts  anil 
for  the  removal  of  del)ts  during  the  administration 


f  of  Dr.  Cook.  One  hundred  and  fifty  children  of 
ministers  have  been  gratuitously  educated  in  La 
Grange.  Dr.  Sawyer  is  now  vice-president  of  the 
institution.  It  has  eleven  able  instructors,  who 
render  excellent  service,  as  the  character  of  their 
graduates  testifies.  This  college  is  beautifully  lo- 
cated on  the  blufls  of  the  Mississippi,  one  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  miles  north  of  St.  Louis.  (See 
page  t>(")S.) 

Lailey,  Thomas,  was  bom  Aug.  29,  1820,  in 
the  parish   of  Poplar,  London,   England.      When 


LAIN 


G68 


LAMAR 


(juite  yuung  he  came  with  liis  jiarents  t  )  C'anacUi. 
lie  owns  the  hirgest  wholesale  house  in  his  business 
in  the  province  of  Ontario.  He  united,  by  baptism, 
with  the  Bond  Street  church,  Toronto,  in  ]S49.  In 
IStJT  lie,  with  several  others,  left  tliis  old  mother- 
church  to  form  anew  interest  on  Alexander  Street. 
The  cost  of  the  neat  and  comfortable  edifice  which 
they  at  once  proceeded  to  erect  was  chiefly  borne  by 
him  ;  and  he  has  been  from  the  first  by  far  the 
largest  contributor  toward  the  current  expenses 
of  the  church.  The  erection  of  the  College  Street 
and  Lewis  Street  church  edifices  was  also  mainly 
due  to  his  enterprise  and  liberality,  and  he  is  now 
(1881)  promoting  a  scheme  of  church  extension  in 
the  western  part  of  the  city.  He  has  purchased  an 
eligible  site,  on  which  a  mission  chapel  is  to  be 
commenced  immediately.  He  was  president  of  the 
Home  Mission  Convention  of  Ontario  in  18G8-(J1). 


tions,  which  he  has  filled  with  great  ability  and 
fidelity. 

!  For  forty  years  Mr.  Lain  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  cliurch  in  Waultesha.  He  is  known  as 
a  man  of  great  purity  of  character,  and  of  blame- 
less Christian  life.     Until  the  failure  of  his  health, 

!  which  occurred  a  few  years  ago,  lie  was  very  effi- 
cient and  active  in  promoting  the  Baptist  cause  in 
his  city,  and  in  strengthening  the  denomination  in 
the  State. 

Lake,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co., 
Va.,  May  4,  1837;  attended  school  in  Alexandria, 
Va.,  where  he  received  a  thorough  training  at  the 
hands  of  the  well-known  Benjamin  Hallovvcll,  and 
afterwards  studied  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
where  he  was  graduated  from  several  of  its  schools. 
While  still  at  the  university  he  was  elected  to  a 
professorshifi  in  Edgeworth  Female  College,  Oreens- 


L.i    UUANGE    COLLEGE. 


Lain,  Hon.  Isaac,  of  Waukesha,  was  bom  in 
Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  18,  1820.  His  ancestors 
were  from  England,  and  settled  at  an  early  day  on 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Isaac  Lain's  father  was  a 
farmer,  and  to  this  calling  the  son  devoted  him- 
self until  1833.  He  then  learned  the  business  of 
architect  and  builder.  In  .June,  1842,  he  settled 
in  Waukesha,  Wis.,  where  he  still  resides.  Here 
he  engaged  extensively  for  many  years  in  his  new 
business.  In  1852  he  established  a  real  estate  and 
insurance  agency,  and  in  I860  he  took  an  active  part 
in  founding  the  Waukesha  County  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  which  he  is  now  a  heavy  stockholder 
and  seci-etary.  In  1S61,  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war,  Mr.  Lain  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  meas- 
ures which  placeil  Wisconsin  in  the  front  rank  of 
States  for  the  promptness  and  efficiency  with  which 
her  regiments  were  raised  and  sent  to  the  front. 

Mr.  Lain  has  held  many  local  and  county  posi- 


borough,  N.  C.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Lake  held  a 
professorship  in  Chesapeake  Female  College,  Va., 
four  years,  and  then  had  charge  of  the  Roanoke 
Female  College,  at  Danville,  Va.,  nine  years.  In 
1872  he  left  Danville  to  become  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Upperville,  Va.,  where  he  still  remains  as  a 
most  successful  preacher  and  pastor.  His  mind  is 
vigorous  and  logical,  and  his  sermons  are  filled 
with  cardinal  doctrinal  truths  and  enriched  by  apt 
and  numerous  historical  illustrations. 

Lake,  Rev.  P.  W.,  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1839, 
and  settled  in  AValworth  County,  and  performed 
much  foundation  work  in  the  early  history  of  the 
State.  He  was  an  interesting  preacher.  Earnest- 
ness and  spirituality  were  distinguished  charac- 
teristics in  bis  ministry.  He  died  many  years  ago, 
but  his  name  and  labors  are  held  in  remembrance 
in  many  of  the  churches  of  Walworth  County. 

Lamar,  Rev.  A.  W.,  editor  of  the  Baptist 
\   Courier,  was  born  at  Leavenworth   Mills,   S.  C, 


LAMB 


669 


LAND  RUM 


March  30,  1M47.  His  fatlier  was  Col.  Thomas  G. 
Lamar,  wlio  ilistinguislieil  himself  in  the  late  war 
as  commanJer  at  the  battle  of  Secessionville,  near 
Charleston,  in  June,  1862,  and  wlio  died  soon  after. 
In  honor  of  his  memory  the  State  Lej^i-slature  sent 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  to  the  State  INIilitary 
School  to  be  educated.  Being  stronjjly  impressed 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  )ireach,  he  sold  a  tract  of 
laud — obtaincid  from  his  father's  estate — to  procure 
means  for  oducatin';  himself.  Entering  first  Fur- 
man  University,  and  then  the  theological  seminary 
at  Greenville,  he  afterwards  accepted  a  call  of  the 
Mount  Zioii  church  in  Newberry  County,  wliere  he 
was  ordained  Jan.  1.5,  1871,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
four.  At  the  meeting  of  the  State  Convention  in 
November,  1871,  he  was  elected  its  general  agent. 
In  November,  1873,  the  State  Convention  mani- 
fested its  appreciation  of  his  ability  and  success 
by  electing  him  both  corrospomling  secretary  and 
general  agent,  charging  him  with  all  the  work 
of  the  body  during  its  recess.  He  was  converted 
when  at  the  military  school,  and  began  at  once  to 
work  for  Jesus  among  the  cadets,  praying  with 
and  for  them,  holding  prayer-meetings,  and  read- 
ing Spurgeon's  sermons  to  them.  At  first  lie  met 
with  much  opposition,  was  treated  with  every  in- 
dignity, but  in  the  end  those  who  led  in  these 
things  asked  him  to  pray  for  them.  He  has  met 
with  extraordinary  success  in  the  work  assigned 
liini,  being  imlnied  with  zeal,  perseverance,  and 
earnestness,  and  blessed  with  great  tact  and  good 
judgment.  He  is  a  young  man.  self-reliant  and 
with  good  ju<lgment,  who  takes  hold  of  his  work 
and  does  it  like  a  veteran,  having  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  all.  His  present  field  of  labor  is 
Camden. 
Lamb,  Rev.  Amherst,  was  born  in  Phillipston, 

Mass.,  .July  12>1,  17'.tl'>.  and  spent  his  chihlhuod  and 
youth  in  (iuilford,  Vt.  Soon  after  making  a  pub- 
lic profession  of  faith  he  commenced  to  preach,  but, 
feeling  the  necessity  of  a  better  preparation  for  liis 
work,  ho  placed  himself  under  the  tuition  of  Rev. 
I'r.  Young,  then  of  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  or- 
dained in  December,  1821,  as  pastor  of  the  chur<:h 
at  (iuillord,  Yt.,  and  remained  there  for  si.\  years, 
when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  AVhiting- 
bam.  September,  1827,  and  continued  there  until 
1836.  He  then  went  to  Charleniont.  Mass.,  and 
preached  there  for  nine  years,  having  charge  of 
the  church  in  Buckland  during  a  part  of  this 
pi'riod, — f<ir  half  the  time.  Heciilled  to  the  church 
in  Wliitingham  in  184."),  he  gave  it  twelve  years  of 
additional  service,  after  which  he  supplied  chui'ches 
ill  his  neighborhood,  where  his  labors  were  much 
blessed.  He  died  at  Whitingham,  May  29,  1870, 
His  record  was  one  of  a  high  character  wherever 
lie  was  known. 

Lamson,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Danvers, 


Mass.,  Feb.  22,  1812.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
the  academy  in  South  Reading  (now  Wakefield), 
Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  the 
class  of  183.').  After  his  graduation  he  served  as 
tutor  for  one  year.  In  the  autumn  of  1837  he  was 
ordained  as  jiastor  of  the  church  in  Gloucester, 
Mass.  Wishing  to  pursue  a  more  extended  course 
of  theological  study,  he  entered  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  in  1839,  and  remained  until 
1841,  when  he  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Thomaston,  Me.  He  returned  to  Gloucester, 
where  ho  continued  until  called  to  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  in  1848.  He  was  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Portsmouth  for  eleven  years.  The  church  in 
Brookline,  Mass.,  called  him  in  18.59,  and  he  was 
their  pastor  until  1875,  when  failing  health  obliged 
him  to  give  up  his  ministerial  work.  Since  his 
resignation  lie  has  lived  chiefly  in  Salem  and 
Gloucester,  Mass. 

Dr.  Lamsoii  has  been  one  of  the  most  useful  and 
acceptable  ministers  in  the  denomination.  By  his 
pen,  as  well  as  his  voice,  he  has  made  his  talents 
subservient  to  promote  the  interests  of  truth. 

Lancaster,  Rev.  WUliam,  was  born  in  Warren 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  17.53  ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Wm. 
Walker ;  was  the  founder  of  the  churches  at  Maple 
Spring  and  Poplar  Spring,  Franklin  Co.,  about 
1793;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention,  of 
the  convention  to  ratify  the  Federal  Constitution, 
and  for  many  years  chairman  of  the  Court  of  PIea.s 
and  Quarter  Sessions  of  Franklin  County.  He 
closed  his  long  and  useful  life  Sept.  16,  1826. 

Landrum,  Rev.  John  G.,  was  born  in  Tennessee 
in  1810.  At  eighteen  he  removed  to  Union  Co., 
S.  C,  and  the  next  year  began  to  preach.  His 
slender  form  m.ade  him  look  much  younger  than  he 
was,  and  for  some  years  he  was  called  the  boy 
preacher.  He  became  pastor  of  the  Mount  Zion 
and  Bethlehem  churches,  in  Spartanburg  County, 
in  1830,  and  still  serves  them.  He  has  had  charge 
of  the  New  Prospect  church  since  1835.  The  Bap- 
tist church  at  Spartanburg  Court-house  was  organ- 
ized under  his  ministry,  where  he  preaclied  for 
twenty-five  years. 

lie  has  baptized  about  .5000  persons  in  fifty  years. 
He  e.tercises  a  very  extensive  influence  in  Spartan- 
burg and  the  surrounding  counties.  Perh.ips  he 
could  not  say  that  his  "  natural  force  is  not  abated," 
but  his  bibors  nre  us  aliiiiulaiit  as  ever. 

Landrum,  Sylvanus,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  has  exerted  a  strong 
influence  among  the  Baptists  of  Georgia.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  on  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Mercer  University,  and  for  a  long  time  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  board,  and,  besides,  he  has  served 
tlie  denomination  in  various  positions  with  much 
success.  He  is  a  courteous  gentleman,  with  a  sound 
judgment,  sincere  piety,  and  intellectual   ability. 


LAND  RUM 


670 


LANE 


He  is  an  eloqvient  speaker.  Ilis  congrejiations  love 
and  respect  him.  lie  was  born  in  Oglethorpe  Co., 
Ga..  Oct.  3,  1820;  his  parents  came  from  Virginia. 
He  was  eilucated  at  Mason  Academy.  Lexington, 
Ga.,  and  at  Mercer  University.  Ordained  Oct.  23, 
184fV  he  became,  in  January.  1>'47,  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  churches  at  Lexinj^ton  and  Athens,  Ga. 


SVl.VANCJ.S    I.ANnRl  M,  D.n. 

In  December,  1849,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Ma- 
con (Ga.)  Baptist  church,  where  he  served  ten 
years,  being  instrumental  there  in  the  erection  of 
a  handsome  and  costly  Gothic  church  edifice.  In 
Decemljer,  IS.^Q,  he  accepted  a  call  to  Savannah, 
Ga.,  and  there  he  remained  twelve  years,  building 
up  and  uniting  the  Baptist  cause  in  the  city.  He 
was  there  during  tlie  war,  and  never  lost  a  single 
service  on  account  of  hostilities, — his  was  the  only 
white  Baptist  church  on  the  coast  line  from  Balti- 
more to  Texas  which  did  not  close  at  all  during 
the  conflict.  He  preached  on  one  Sabbath  to  Con- 
federate and  the  next  Sabbath  to  Federal  soldiers, 
at  the  time  of  the  city's  capture. 

In  1871  he  removed  to  Memphis,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church,  remaining 
until  after  the  severe  yellow-fever  scourge  of  18TS, 
during  which  he  lost  two  sons,  both  prominent  and 
talented  young  men.  In  1879  he  returned  to 
Georgia,  and  again  took  charge  of  the  Savannah 
church,  where  he  is  doing  an  admirable  work. 

Two  colleges  in  one  year  conferred  nn  him  the 
Doctorate  in  Divinity, — Georgetown,  Ky.,  Dr. 
Crawford  president,  and  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, Dr.  Samson  president. 


He  IS  a  mail  of  national  views,  whose  heart  is  in 
the  pastorate,  and  whose  chief  aim  is  the  advance- 
ment of  Christ's  kingdom  on  earth.  His  sermons 
are  always  good  and  never  disappointing.  To 
great  administrative  ability  he  unites  remarkable 
excellence  of  judgment  and  a  good  knowledge  of 
men  and  huuum  nature.  He  is  a  wise  and  safe 
counselor,  and  makes  his  influence  for  good  felt 
in  the  assemblies  of  his  denominational  brethren. 

Landrum,  Rev.  William  Warren,  son  of  Dr. 
Sylvanus  and  Eliza  Jane  (Warren)  Landrum,  was 
born  in  Macon,  Ga.,  Jan.  18,  185,3.  He  was  con- 
verted at  the  age  of  ten,  and  baptized  in  his  four- 
teenth year.  His  early  education  was  received  at 
Chatham  Academy,  Savannah.  He  entered  Mer- 
cer University,  but  subsequently  went  to  Brown 
University,  where  he  was  graduated  with  distinc- 
tion in  1872.  He  then  became  a  student  in  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  at  Green- 
ville, S.  C,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1874,  in 
nine  of  the  thirteen  schools  in  the  institution. 

At  the  call  of  the  Central  church  of  Memphis,  he 
was  ordained  in  May,  1874.  His  first  pastorate 
was  at  Shrevcport,  La.,  where  he  labored  with 
success  for  two  years.  He  then  accepted  a  call 
from  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Augusta,  Ga.,and 
removed  to  his  native  State  in  February,  1876.  Of 
that  church  he  is  still  the  pastor.  He  was  married 
Sept.  21,  1875,  to  Miss  Ida  Louise  Dunster,  a  de- 
scendant of  Ileni-y  Dunster,  first  president  of  Har- 
vard University. 

Mr.  Landrum  is  a  good  preacher  and  pastor,  and 
a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  abilities.  He  hates 
controversy,  has  great  faith  in  the  power  of  gospel 
preaching  and  the  efficacy  of  a  cheerful,  loving 
piety,  and  his  highest  ambition  is  to  be  a  conse- 
crated and  successful  minister  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Lane,  Rev.  Button,  was  born  Nov.  12,  1732, 
near  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  baptized  by  Shubael 
Sterns  in  1758,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
October,  1764.  He  had  a  vigorous  constitution,  a 
powerful  voice,  and  a  heart  on  fire  with  the  love 
of  Jesus,  and  he  was  greatly  blessed  by  his  Master. 
In  the  Dare  River  church,  Va.,  of  which  he  was 
pastor,  and  for  many  miles  around,  the  fruits  of  his 
ministry  were  visible  to  the  whole  community.  His 
father,  impelled  by  hatred  to  his  religious  fervor, 
tried  to  kill  him,  but  "  he  himself  was  slain  by  the 
sword  of  the  Spirit,  from  which  he  soon  after  re- 
vived with  the  hope  of  eternal  life,"  and  was  bap- 
tized by  his  son. 

Mr.  L.ane  continued  in  the  ministry  till  death, 
but  the  latter  part  of  his  life  was  marred  by  cei- 
tain  strange  opinions  which  he  adopted. 

Lane,  Rev.  Thomas  Jefferson,  one  of  Tennes- 
see's veteran  Baptist  ministers,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son (now  Hamilton)  Co.,  East  Tenn.,  Oct.  9,  1804; 
son  of  Aquila  and  Agnes  Lane,  and  grandson  of 


LANKEHSHIM 


671 


LAtiHKH 


Elder  Lane,  one  of  the  first  Baptist  ministers  that 
settled  in  East  Tennessee,  in  178.>. 

Mr.  Lane  professed  religion  in  1834,  and  was 
baptized  by  Andrew  Coffinan,  and  regularly  set 
apart  to  the  ministry  on  the  second  Saturday  in 
October,  183'.1,  by  the  Bent  Creek  Baptist  church, 
Klders  Joseph  Manning  and  Hugh  Woodson  acting 
as  till-  I're'sl)ytery.  From  that  time  Mr.  Lane  has 
been  doing  effective  service  for  the  Master  in  the 
same  section  of  country.  Eternity  alone  will  re- 
veal the  good  he  has  accomplished  for  the  cause  of 
Christ  and  the  salvation  of  sinners. 

Lankershim,  Deacon  Isaac,  is  the  Baptist 
benefactor  of  California,  lie  is  of  Jewish  birth  ; 
was  converted  to  Christianity,  baptized  in  Mis- 
souri, and  removed  with  his  wife,  a  converted  Jew- 
ess, to  California  at  an  early  day  ;  joined  the  First 
Baptist  church  ;  was  one  of  its  deacons  ;  became  a 
constituent  member  of  the  Tabernacle  church  in 
180').  and  is  still  a  member,  the  church  having 
changed  its  name  to  Metropolitan  in  1875.  lie  is 
a  large  benefactor  of  Baptist  institutions;  purchased 
lots  for  the  iSecond,  Fifth,  and  Tabernacle  churches; 
was  a  chief  contributor  to  the  building  of  the  Tab- 
ernacle, and  in  1875  provided  the  money,  nearly 
S-<lO.()0(),  for  the  Metropolitan  church  lots  and 
building.  In  1874  he  gave  the  se<'ond  large  sub- 
scription for  California  College,  nearly  §13,000. 
Always  successful  in  business  operations,  careful, 
prudent,  and  conscientious,  quiet  and  unassuming 
in  manner,  he  is  everywhere  loved  and  honored. 
lie  has  large  city  properties  and  immense  farms  in 
the  country.  His  home  is  at  Los  Angeles.  Though 
a  converted  Jew, — "an  Israelite  in  whom  there  is 
no  guile," — giving  quietly  from  principle,  and  not 
from  impulse,  he  has  never  lost  the  respect  of  his 
Jewish  kindred,  with  whom  he  is  as.sociated  in 
many  business  enterprises.  Deacon  Lankershim 
is  for  California  what  the  Crozers,  Colgates,  and 
Colbys  are  for  the  Atlantic  States. 

La  Rue,  Rev.  Alexander  Warren,  whose  an- 
cestors were  French  and  Irish,  and  firm  Presby- 
terians, was  born  in  La  Hue  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  23, 1819. 
He  united  with  Severn's  Valley  church  while  at- 
tending an  academy  at  Elizabethtown  in  1837  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  November,  18.38.  In  1839  ho 
entered  Georgetown  College,  graduating  in  1842. 
During  the  latter  year  he  was  ordained  for  the  pas- 
torate of  Flemingsburg  church.  This  church  was 
in  the  Bracken  Association,  among  the  churches  of 
which  Mr.  La  Kuo  hel<l  many  protracted  meetings 
with  encouraging  success.  In  1849  he  removed  to 
Louisville  and  became  associate  editor  of  the  Bap- 
list  Jiaiiner,  a  weekly  religious  paper,  since  called 
the  Westeiii  Recorder.  While  in  this  position  he 
preached  a  short  time  to  Bank  Street  Baptist  church 
in  New  Albany,  and  afterwards  to  East  Baptist 
church   in   Louisville.     Having   resigned   his   edi- 


torial office,  he  accepted  th(^  pastorate  of  the  church 
at  Harrodsburg  in  1853,  where  he  remained  three 
years,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at 
Georgetown.  Subsequently  he  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Stanford,  and  finally  at  Salem,  in  Chris- 
tian County.  At  the  latter  place  he  died,  Sept.  1 1, 
1804,  after  a  life  of  singular  consecration,  devotion, 
and  fruitfulness.  His  biography  was  written  ami 
published  under  the  appropriate  title  of  "  La  Rue's 
Ministry  of  Faith,"  by  Rev.  A.  C.  Graves,  D.D. 
Lasher,  George  William,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Schenectady  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  24,  1^31.     His  father 


GEORCE    Wll.l.IAM     l.ASUER,    D.D. 

was  a  farmer  of  Holland  ancestry,  and  his  mother 
traced  her  descent  from  a  member  of  the  "  Boston 
Tea  Party."  He  was  converted  at  Hamilton,  in 
1853,  while  attending  the  academy,  and  in  the  same 
year  entered  Madison  University,  graduating  in 
1857.  In  1859  he  graduated  from  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  an<l  at  once  entered  upon  the 
[lastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Norwalk,  Conn., 
where,  on  September  30,  he  was  ordained.  In 
1860  he  married  Mi.ss  Lizzie  C,  daughter  of  Dr.  G. 
W.  Eaton,  president  of  Madison  University.  In 
July,  1801,  he  became  chaplain  of  the  5th  Conn. 
Regiment,  and  served  for  si.>;  months  on  the  upper 
Potomac,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Newburg.  N.  Y.  From  1804  to  1808  he 
was  (lastnr  of  the  Portland  Street  churcl\,  Haver- 
hill, Mass.,  from  1868  to  1872  of  the  First  church 
of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  from  1872  to  1875  was  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  New  Y'ork  Baptist  Ed- 
ucation Society.     In  1875  he  made  a  tour  of  Europe, 


LATHROP 


672 


LAW 


Eftypt,  and  Palestine,  and  in  Aui;ust,  1S7G,  became 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Journal  and  Messeiiffcr, 
at  Cincinnati,  0.  In  1874  he  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Madisdn  University.  Dr.  Lasher  has 
a  commanding  presence,  and  is  a  vigorous  and  suc- 
cessful preacher  and  editor.  The  Journal  and  Mes- 
senger under  his  management  has  a  wide  influence 
in  the  Central  West. 

Lathrop,  Edward,  D.D.,  son  of  Burel  Lathrop, 
who  early  removed  from  Norwich,  Conn.,  toGeorgia, 


EnwARi)  i.ATiiRoi',  n.n. 

was  born  in  .Savannah,  Ga.,  March  14,  1814;  bap- 
tized by  Itev.  ir.  ().  Myer  into  the  Savannah  Bap- 
tist church  in  .June,  1827  ;  commenced  study  for 
the  ministry  at  Furman  Institution,  S.  C,  in  1832; 
on  the  closing  of  that  institution  went  to  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  and  graduated  in  what  is  now  Madison  Uni- 
versity in  1840;  pur.sued  a  course  of  theological 
study  at  Hamilton  ;  was  called  as  assistant  of  Rev. 
Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  at  Beaufort,  S.  C. ;  in  1844 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church 
in  New  York  City,  and  labored  with  distinguished 
success  for  twenty-two  years,  until  health  failed  ; 
granted  a  long  furlough  by  tlie  church,  but  finally 
resigned;  in  1806  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Stamford,  Conn.,  where  he  still  labors 
with  great  honor ;  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Rochester  University;  has 
been  a  trustee  from  the  beginning  of  Vassar  College, 
N.  Y.,  and  is  now  president  of  the  board  of  trustees ; 
is  also  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institution  ;  is  one  of  the  trustees 
of  Madison  University;  engaged  in  all  benevolent 


objects;    a  strong  preacher  and    able  counselor; 
he  has  published  several  sermons  by  request. 

Lattimore,  Rev.  Samuel  S.,  was  born  in  Ruth- 
erford Co.,  N.  C,  March  9,  1811:  removed  with 
his  father  while  yet  a  child  to  Jennings,  Ind.  At 
fourteen  years  of  age  became  a  member  of  the 
literary  institution  at  South  Hanover,  Ind.  Sup- 
porting himself  by  his  own  exertions,  lie  remained 
at  this  institution  for  nine  years,  until  he  completed 
his  course,  in  July,  1833.  During  this  period  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
remained  in  this  connection  for  si.x  or  seven  years. 
Leaving  college  soon  thereafter,  he  went  to  Vick.s- 
burg.  Miss.,  thence  to  Clinton,  and  shortly  after- 
wards taught  in  the  school  at  Society  Ridge.  In 
1834  he  joined  the  Baptist  church.  In  1835  he 
was  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry,  and  became 
general  agent  for  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention. In  December,  1837,  he  settled  at  Middle- 
ton,  Carroll  Co.,  Miss.,  where  he  engaged  in  preach- 
ing, and  in  teaching  a  school  under  Baptist  auspices 
until  1840,  when  he  i-eraoved  to  Sumter  Co.,  Ala., 
where  he  preached  to  Providence  and  other 
churches.  In  1845  he  was  again  general  agent  of 
the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention.  In  1847 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  Macon  church, 
Noxubee  Co.,  Miss.  Remaining  there  one  year, 
he  accepted  a  very  urgent  call  from  the  Aberdeen 
church,  with  an  understanding  that  he  should  re- 
turn to  Macon  after  the  lapse  of  a  yeai\  Accord- 
ingly he  returned  to  Macon,  and  remained  till  he 
again  accepted  an  invitation  to  take  charge  of  the 
Aberileen  church.  In  this  relation  he  continued 
until  his  death.  From  1849  to  1854  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention. 
He  had  various  controversies  on  the  principles  and 
practices  of  the  Baptists,  and  endured  no  little 
persecution.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  ability, 
of  warm  and  generous  affections,  eloquent  as  a 
preacher,  able  as  a  controversial  writer,  and  emi- 
nently successful  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Law,  Rev.  Francis  Marion,  was  born  in  Sum- 
ter District,  S.  C,  May  15,  1828;  was  educated  for 
a  physician,  and  received  his  diploma  from  the 
Medical  College  of  Georgia,  at  Augusta ;  practised 
medicine  at  AVetumpka  and  Selma,  Ala. ;  ordained 
in  1855;  for  five  years  financial  secretary  of  Ala- 
bama Baptist  Bible  and  Colportage  Society  ;  one 
year  missionary  and  surgeon  on  the  Bethel  ship 
"Mobile  Bay,"  under  au.spices  of  Anieric;in  Sea- 
men's Friend  Society;  removed  to  Texas  in  No- 
vember, 1859;  pastor  of  Chapel  Hill,  Bellville, 
Brenham,  Plantersville,  and  Bryan  churches  from 
1860  to  1876;  is  a  man  of  vigorous  intellect  and 
indomitable  energy;  now  engaged  in  raising 
^250,000  for  Texas  Educational  Commission. 

Law,  Rev.  Josiah  S.,  son  of  Samuel  S.  Law, 
was  born  in  Saulsbury,  Ga.,  Feb.  5,  1808.     He  re- 


LAW 


673 


LAWLER 


ceived  a  classical  education,  and  succetKlcd  Rev. 
James  Shannon  as  a  teacher  in  Lilierty  County, 
when  Mr.  Shannon  was  called  to  Auf^usta,  in  1827. 
It  was  while  teaching  at  Sunbury  that  he  was  con- 
verted and  joined  the  Baptist  church  there.  He 
then  took  a  three  years'  theolo<!;ical  course  at  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary.  In  1831  he  entered 
upon  his  ministerial  duties  at  Sunbury,  and  for 
twenty  years  served  that  church  and  neighborhood 
with  great  usefulness,  except  during  two  short  in- 
tervals when  he  accepted  calls  to  Macon  and  Sa- 
vannah. 

The  colored  people  received  great  benefit  from 
his  |)reaching,  among  whom  he  was  very  success- 
ful. He  died  on  the  .5th  of  October,  1853.  At 
that  time  sixty  colored  candidates  were  awaiting 
baptism  at  his  hands. 

Law,  Rev.  Samuel  Spry,  was  born  in  Liberty 
County  in  1774.  He  moved  in  the  best  society  all 
his  life,  his  family  and  connections  Vieing  culti- 
vated and  wealthy.  For  forty  years  he  lived  a 
worldly-minded  man  and  a  moralist,  but  was  con- 
verted in  his  forty-first  year,  and  joined  the  Sun- 
bury Baptist  church  on  the  .30th  of  April,  1815. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  Dec.  27,  1827,  at 
the  age  of  fifty-three.  After  laboring  on  flie  coast 
for  some  time,  he  was  called  to  succeed  Dr.  C.  0. 
Screven,  at  Sunbury.  This  connection  continued 
for  a  year  or  so  only,  and  he  devoted  his  whole 
time  to  the  colored  people,  and  to  the  poor  white 
churches  of  Lilierty  County.  This  work  he  con- 
tinued with  great  usefulness  for  six  or  seven  years, 
when  his  healtli  began  to  fail  gradually,  and  lie  ex- 
pired on  the  4th  of  February,  1S37. 

He  was  a  man  of  groat  fervor  and  spirituality  ; 
prepared  his  sermons  carefully,  and  became  a  good 
preacher.  He  was  well  ac<|nainted  with  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  was  much  gifted  in  prayer.  Few  ever 
made  more  progress  in  piety  and  in  the  knowledge 
of  our  Lord  .Jesus  Christ  than  he. 

Lawler,  Rev.  B.  F.,  was  bom  in  AVest  Tennes- 
see, Jan.  1,  1834 ;  baptized  in  1858;  ordained  in 
1860;  labored  a  number  of  years  at  Windsor,  Mo. 
He  is  at  the  present  time  pastor  of  the  Salem  and 
Prairie  Union  Baptist  churches.  Neb.  In  con- 
nection with  his  ministerial  labors,  Mr.  Lawler, 
while  in  Missouri,  devoted  a  part  of  bis  time  to 
teaching.  In  1880  he  published  a  volume  of  ser- 
mons, addresses,  and  letters. 

Lawler,  Judge  Jacob,  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina in  17'Jli  ;  while  a  youth  his  fatlior  removed  to 
Tennessee,  and  the  son  subsefpiently  located  in 
Xortli  Alabama,  and  about  the  year  1820  settled  in 
.Shelby  County.  He  held  various  ofiices  of  tru.st : 
judge  of  the  county  court,  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  tlie  State  Legislature  from  1826 
to  1831,  and  was  then  elected  to  the  State  Senate  :  re- 
signed that  position  to  accept  that  of  receiver  of 


public  moneys  for  one  of  the  land  districts  of  the 
State,  tendered  him  by  President  Andrew  Jackson  ; 
held  that  office  at  .Mardisville,  in  Talladega  County, 
wliere  it  was  located,  until  he  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress in  1835  ;  was  re-elected  to  Congress  in  1837. 
and  died  on  the  8th  of  May,  1838.  in  the  city  of 
AVashington,  while  Congress  was  in  session,  and  his 
lemains  now  rest  in  that  city.  He  was  in  office 
continuously  from  1822  to  1838,  never  having  suf- 
fered defeat  or  reproach. 

In  1826,  Jacob  Lawler  united  with  the  Baptist 
church,  and  in  a  short  time  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  From  the  time  of  his  ordination  to  his 
election  to  Congress  he  filled  the  office  of  pastor. 
The  Talladega  (now  Alpine)  and  the  Talladega 
town  churches  were  originated  by  his  ministry,  and 
he  was  their  pastor.  It  was  characteristic  of  Mr. 
Lawler  not  to  allow  his  secular  duties  to  interfere 
with  his  religious  obligations  when  it  could  be 
avoided. 

Lawler,  Gen.  Levi  W.,  was  bom  in  Madison 
Co.,  Ala.,  in   1816 ;   with   his  parents,  settled  in 


CEV.  LEVI    \r.   I-.^WLER. 

Talladega  County  in  early  life;  united  with  the 
Talladega  church,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor, 
in  1835.  After  Judge  Lawler  resigned  the  office 
of  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Mardisville  he  waji 
succeeded  by  his  son  Levi,  under  appointment  of 
President  Jackson,  and,  though  only  nineteen  years 
of  age,  he  easily  obtained  the  required  bond  of 
SlOO.OflO.  After  four  years  he  was  suspended  on 
account  of  his  opposition  to  the  administration  of 
President  Van  Buren,  but  was  restored  to  the  po- 


LA  WRENCE 


674 


LA  WSON 


sition  by  Prosidont  Tyler  in  1841,  and  hold  it  for 
another  term  of  four  years.  In  l.s4s  he  located  in 
Mobile,  and  engaged  in  the  coniiiiission  business, 
which  he  has  not  yet  relinquished.  In  1861  his 
friends  elected  him  to  the  Legislature  without  con- 
sulting him  ;  was  returned  in  1863  ;  was  a  member 
i>f  that  body  during  the  whole  period  of  the  civil 
war,  and  he  was  three  years  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  ways  and  means.  In  1874,  Gen.  Lawler 
was  appointed  by  Gov.  Houston  one  of  the  State 
commissioners  to  adjust  and  liquidate  its  burden- 
some debt.  lie  drafted  the  plan  of  settlement,  and 
perfiirmed  the  principal  labor  in  its  execution  among 
creilitors  of  the  State, — a  work  which  brought  great 
relief  to  the  people  of  Alabama.  For  many  years 
he  has  lieen  one  of  the  trustees  of  Howard  College, 
and  of  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of 
tlie  State.  He  has  been  and  is  still  a  man  of  hand- 
some fortune,  of  great  enei'gy,  industry,  and  finan- 
cial skill ;  liberal  to  objects  of  benevolence  and 
to  public  enterpri.ses.  It  is  conceded  that  the 
gubernatorial  honors  of  Alabama  have  been  within 
his  reach  for  years,  but  he  has  declined  them.  His 
vast  influence  atfects  for  good  all  the  higher  rela- 
tions of  life,  political  and  civil,  social  and  educa- 
tional, financial  and  denominational,  in  the  State. 
He  maintains  the  constant  confidence  of  all  grades 
of  society.  When  a  master  he  was  famous  for  his 
tenderness  to  his  slaves,  and  now  that  they  are 
free  he  has  their  uniform  confidence  and  highest 
regard.  He  has  no  superior  in  Alabama. 
Lawrence,  William  Mangam,  D.D.,  was  born 

in  Washington,  1).  C,  May  1 1,  lN4cS  ;  was  converted 
in  early  youth,  and  entered  college  at  Amherst, 
Mass. ;  graduated  from  Madison  University  and 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary;  settled  with  the 
church  at  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained in  August,  1871.  The  following  year  he 
received  an  urgent  call  from  the  Spring  Garden 
church  in  Philadelphia,  which  he  accepted,  and  en- 
tered upon  his  labors  in  October,  1872.  It  was  an 
important  period  in  the  history  of  the  church.  A 
large  colony  had  just  gone  out  to  form  the  Geth- 
semane  church  in  a  new  .and  rapidly-growing 
neighliorhood.  A  pastor  was  needed  with  power 
to  hold  and  strengthen  "  the  things  which  re- 
mained," and  in  this  work  he  has,  under  God,  been 
eminently  successful. 

Mr.  Lawrence  throws  the  vigor  of  his  early  man- 
hood into  all  that  he  says  and  iloes.  His  sermons 
and  occasional  contributions  to  religious  journals 
give  evidence  of  an  observing  and  thoughtful 
mind.  His  systematic  methods  enable  him  to  ac- 
complish a  vast  amount  of  pastoral  work,  and  to 
render  valuiible  service  to  other  denominational 
interests  with  which  he  lias  become  connected. 
His  powerful  intellect,  scholarly  attainments,  and 
Christian  spirit  make  him  a  power  in  the  commu- 


nity.   In  1880  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  of  Chicago. 


WILLIAM    M.WGAM    LAWRENCE,  D.D. 

Laws,  Rev.  M.  L.,  was  born  in  Virginia,  Aug. 
21,  1842.  He  made  a  profession  of  religion  when 
eighteen  years  of  age,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J. 
S.  Kennard  in  the  E  Street  Baptist  church,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  in  November,  18.59.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1871  at  the  Rehoboth  Baptist  church  in 
Saline  Co.,  Mo.  Brother  Laws  has  been  pastor  at 
Glasgow  and  Booneville,  and  of  the  Park  Avenue 
church  in  St.  Louis.  He  is  now  secretary  of  the 
Missouri  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention,  and 
he  is  rendering  efficient  service  in  this  position. 
He  is  a  man  of  ability,  industry,  and  usefulness. 

Lawson,  Rev.  Albert  G.,  was  bom  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  5,  1842.  In  1858  he  made  a 
public  profession  of  religion,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  John  Q.  Adams,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
North  Baptist  church,  New  York.  He  studied  in 
the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  and  in  Madi- 
son University,  and  was  ordained  as  pastor  of 
Pei-th  Amboy  Baptist  church,  N.  J.,  in  June,  1862. 
In  1867  he  took  charge  of  the  Greenwood  Baptist 
church,  where  he  still  labors  with  marked  success. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  able  laborers  in  the  temper- 
ance cause.  He  is  the  author  of  "  Metliods  of 
Church  Work,"  "Duty  of  the  Christian  Church  in 
Relation  to  Temperance,"  and  the  "  Peace  and 
Power  of  Temperance  Literature,"  also  an  address 
on  '•  Self-Culture."  His  discourses  are  clear,  logi- 
cal, and  earnestly  delivered. 

Lawson,  Admiral  Sir  John,  was  bom  near 


LA  WSON 


675 


LA  WSON 


Sciirborouirli,  Yorkshire,  KnglanJ.  From  very  early 
life  he  was  on  the  ocean.  When  the  Parliament 
resolved  to  fight  for  the  liberties  of  Enf^land,  Lawson 
entered  its  naval  service.  His  intellii;eiice,  faith- 
fulness in  executinjr  orders,  and  religious  behavior 
soon  attracted  attention  and  secured  promotion. 
Ilavinic  obtained  the  command  of  a  small  vessel, 
he  m.ade  himself  so  useful  that  he  was  soon  the 
captain  of  the  finest  ship  in  tlie  British  navy  ;  and 
in  process  of  time  he  became  an  admiral,  and  occa- 
sionally had  the  whole  fleet  placed  under  his  au- 
thority, lie  fought  under  Blake  in  all  the  battles 
which  iiave  him  and  his  country  so  much  naval 
elory.  Cromwell  looked  upon  him  with  special 
favor,  and  was  always  re.ady  to  promote  his  in- 
terests, until  he  became  a  king  in  everything  but 
the  name. 

On  the  2d  of  June,  10.53,  the  British  fleet  at- 
tacked tlie  Dutch  off  the  coast  of  Flanders.  Deane 
and  Monk  were  admirals,  Sir  William  Penn  was 
vice-admiral,  and  Sir  John  Lawson  was  rear-admi- 
ral. Lawson  charged  through  the  Dutch  fleet  with 
forty  ships,  pouring  destruction  into  the  enemy, 
and  so  disabling  De  Ruyter's  .squadron  that  Van 
Tromp  had  to  come  to  his  relief;  and  after  a  hot 
engagement,  in  which  Lawson  was  the  foremost 
fighting  man,  the  Dutch  withdrew.  The  next  day 
the  battle  was  renewed  and  the  enemy  was  routed. 
Six  great  ships  of  the  Dutch  were  sunk,  two  blown 
up,  and  eleven  of  the  largest  and  twu  smaller  ves- 
sels were  captured,  with  thirteen  hundred  prison- 
ers, and  nothing  but  flight  saved  the  other  Dutch 
vessels. 

As  soon  as  thepower  of  Richard  Cromwell  ended, 
and  the  Parliament  of  the  country  had  reassembled, 
the  officers  of  the  fleet,  being  largely  Baptists,  and 
consequently  strong  republicans,  acknowledged  the 
authority  of  Parliament  in  terms  of  loyal  satisfac- 
tion. Immediately  after,  the  Committee  of  Safety 
appointed  by  the  Parliament  ordered  the  equipment 
of  six  frigates  to  be  ready  for  any  emergency,  and, 
to  show  their  appreciation  of  our  gallant  brother. 
Sir -John  Lawson,  they  gave  him  the  command  of 
this  squadron  and  created  him  vice-admiral  of  the 
fleet.  For  a  considerable  period  after  this  Sir  John 
hiid  control  of  the  whole  British  navy,  and  he  was 
known  throughout  his  country  os  a  supporter  of  a 
free  Parliament  whom  no  bribes  or  persuasions 
could  turn  from  his  p:itriotic  convictions. 

The  Parliament  in  power  at  this  period  was  the 
Long  Parliament  dispersed  bv  Oliver  Cromwell, 
and  recalled  once  more  to  the  exercise  of  legislative 
and  executive  powers.  Against  this  body  the  army 
determined  to  wage  war,  and  they  hindered  the 
speaker  and  the  members  from  reaching  the  hoUse. 
Lambert  and  the  principal  officers  of  the  army  were 
bent  on  ruling  the  nation  by  the  sword.  Lawson 
brought  his  fleet  into  the  'f  liames  and  declared  for 


the  Parliament  by  a  voice  which  the  Dutch  had  re- 
spected on  the  ocean,  and  which  his  countrymen 
reverenced  everywhere.  And  his  timely  assistance, 
with  the  aid  of  Monk,  overcame  the  friends  of  the 
sword,  and  the  Parliament  resumed  its  meetings 
and  its  authority.  On  the  3d  of  June,  106.'),  in  a 
great  naval  battle  between  the  English  and  the 
Dutch,  in  which  the  Duke  of  York  was  the  nominal 
and  Lawson  the  real  commander  of  the  British 
fleet,  and  in  which  the  Dutch  lost  thirty-two  ships 
and  six  thousand  men.  Sir  John  Lawson  received 
a  shot  in  the  knee  in  the  middle  of  the  battle  ;  the 
wound  gangrened,  and  he  died  a  few  days  after  on 
shore,  rejoicing  in  the  blessed  .Saviour  whom  he  was 
going  to  meet. 

Lord  Clarendon,  a  bitter  enemy  of  Baptists  and 
republicans,  says  of  the  admiral :  "  He  was,  in- 
deed, of  all  the  men  of  that  time,  and  of  that  ex- 
traction and  education,  incomparably  the  modestest 
and  the  wisest  man.  and  most  worth}'  man  to  be 
confided  in.  He  was  in  all  the  actions  performed 
by  Blake,  some  of  which  were  very  stupendous, 
and  in  all  the  battles  which  Cromwell  had  fought 
with  the  Dutch.  He  was  commander-in-chief  of 
the  fleet  when  Richard  (Cromwell)  was  thrown  out ; 
and  when  the  contest  grew  between  the  Hump  (the 
Long  Parliament)  and  Lambert,  he  brought  the 
whole  fleet  into  the  river  and  declared  for  that 
which  is  called  the  Parliament  (Clarendon  did  not 
recognize  this  body  as  a  Parliament),  which  broke 
the  neck  of  all  other  designs,  though  he  intended 
(iiihj  the  belter  settlement  <;/'  the  Commonwealth." 
He  had  no  wish  to  aid  the  Stuarts  to  mount  the 
throne  forfeited  by  Charles  I.  Elsewhere  he  says : 
"  The  present  fleet,  prepared  for  the  summer  ser- 
vice, was  under  the  command  of  Vice-Admiral  Sir 
John  Lawson,  an  excellent  seaman,  V)ut  then  a  no- 
torious Analiaj^tist ;  and  they  well  remembered 
how  he  h.ad  lately  besieged  the  city  (London),  and 
by  the  power  of  his  fleet  given  that  turn  which 
helped  to  revive  the  'Committee  of  Safety"  (the 
government  set  up  by  the  army)  and  restore  the 
Rump  Parliament  to  the  exercise  of  their  jurisdic- 
tion." firanville  Penn,  in  his  "  Memorials  of 
Admiral  Sir  William  Penn,''  speaks  of  "  the  re- 
nowned Sir  John  Lawson,"  and  he  states  that 
Oliver  "  Cromwell  .set  aside  Major  Bourne  and  ap- 
pointed Lawson  rear-admiral  of  the  fleet  in  his 
place."  The  great  Protector  held  Sir  John  Lawson 
in  the  highest  esteem.  Except  Cromwell  himself, 
in  his  day  no  soldier  stood  higher  than  tien.  Harri- 
son. And  during  the  latter  part  of  Lawson's  life  he 
w;vs  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  heroes  in  the 
naval  history  of  Britain,  and  his  death  was  felt  to 
be  a  national  calamity.  These  brave  men  were  both 
decided  Baptist.s.  See  "  Memoirs  of  Ludlow,"  ii. 
4f)f),  CGf),  72r>.  736,  855,  Vevay,  1699 ;  Southey's 
"  Lives  of    the   British   Admirals,"   v.  269,   note, 


LAWTON 


676 


LEACH 


Lon<lon,  1837  ;  Clarendon's  "  History  of  the  Re- 
bellion."' iii.  7iS,  Oxfonl,  170G;  IJapin's  "History 
of  England,"  ii.  039,  040,  London,  1733  ;  "  Memo- 
rials of  Sir  William  Pcnn,  Knt.,''  i.  312,409,  470, 
London,  1833. 

Lawton,  Col.  Alex.  J.,  wlio  died  some  three 
years  aico.  spent  fiis  life,  which,  "by  reason  of 
streni^th  was  fourscore  and  four  years,"  in  Beau- 
furt.  S.  C.  He  was  loni^  a  deacon  of  the  Black 
.Swamp  church,  and  repeatedly  a  member  of  the 
.State  Legislature.  He  was  dignified  but  extremely 
pleasant,  especially  among  the  young,  with  whom 
he  was  a  great  favorite.  The  writer  met  him 
about  a  year  before  his  death,  and  found  him  the 
same  genial  Christian  that  he  had  always  been. 
Few  masters  were  so  considerate  of  their  slaves, 
.and  few  had  their  affection  in  an  equal  degree. 
He  H.sed  much  of  his  large  property  for  benevolent 
objects.  Few  have  spent  a  life  so  long  and  so  well 
rei.'iilati'd. 

Lawton,  Rev.  Joseph  A.,  may  be  called  the 
Baptist  patriarch  of  Barnwell,  S.  C,  and  of  the 
surrounding  counties.  He  held  and  u.sed  his  large 
fortune,  before  the  war,  as  a  steward  who  must 
give  an  account.  He  now  lives,  in  advanced  years, 
in  the  midst  of  his  spiritual  children,  white  and 
colored,  who  revere  him.  Prudence  and  modera- 
tion have  marked  his  whole  life.  His  numerous 
servants,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  cherished  him  in 
their  hearts,  and  quite  a  number  of  them  still  live 
with  him,  and  manifest  the  same  respect  as  they 
did  in  the  time  of  slavery.  Baptist  ministers  in 
his  section  owe  him  inucli,  because  he  refused  to 
preach  for  wealthy  churches  unless  they  paid  a 
salary  in  proportion  to  their  ability,  saying  that  if 
he  preached  for  nothing  it  should  be  to  churches 
not  able  to  compensate  him.  They  complied,  and 
many  brethren  have  been  less  stinted  than  they 
would  have  been  had  .Mr.  Lawton  not  insisted  that 
'■  the  laboi'er  is  worthy  of  his  hire."  He  always 
gave  his  salary,  and  much  more,  to  some  worthy 
object.  He  has  long  been  pastor  of  the  Allendale 
church,  one  of  the  most  active  and  liberal  in  the 
.Savannah  River  Association. 

Lawton,  Rev.  W.  A.,  was  born  in  Beaufort 
Co.,  S.  C,  in  1793.  He  was  in  the  ministry  fifty- 
five  years,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1878, 
he  had  been  pastor  of  the  Pipe  Creek  church  for 
twenty-seven  years.  His  remarkably  strong  con- 
stitution bore  him  up  in  good  health  almost  to  the 
close  of  life,  which  "  by  reason  of  strength  was 
fourscore  and  five  years."  Next  to  Thomas  Daw- 
son, he  was  probably  the  oldest  Baptist  minister  in 
the  State. 

Lea  Female  Seminary,  located  at  Summit, 
Miss.,  on  the  line  of  the  New  Orleans  ami  Jackson 
Railroad,  Rev.  Charles  H.  Otken,  principal,  is  an 
admirable  institution. 


Lea,  Hon.  Fryer,  w'as  born  in  Tennessee,  and  is 
now  nearly  eighty  years  of  age ;  joined  the  Baptist 
Church  in  Tennessee,  where  he  practised  l.aw  with 
success  and  distinction.  Represented  Tennessee  in 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States.  He  afterwards 
removed  to  Mississippi,  and  practised  law  at  Jack- 
son. Has  served  as  State  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic instruction  in  Texas,  and  now  lives  at  Goliad. 
He  has  been  a  consistent  Baptist  under  .all  circum- 
stances. 

Leai  Rev.  Wm.  M.,  a  prominent  minister  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1817, 
but  reared  and  educated  in  Tennessee.  He  came 
to  Arkansas  in  18.01  as  missionary  of  the  Marion 
Board  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  began 
his  labors  at  Helena.  The  following  year  he  sev- 
ered his  relations  with  the  board,  and  boldly  en- 
tered the  State  as  an  independent  missionary,  re- 
lying upon  his  field  for  support,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  years,  has  ever  since  continued 
there  to  labor.  Helena,  Pine  Bluff,  Little  Rock, 
Forest  City,  and  other  places  have  received  the 
benefit  of  his  labors.  .Just  before  the  late  conflict 
he  raised  a  subscription  of  S7o,000  towards  en- 
dowing a  State  college,  which  was  unfortunately 
lost  by  the  war.  Mr.  Lea  has  distinguished  him- 
self as  a  polemic,  having  engaged  in  many  debates, 
and  considers  himself  specially  set  for  the  defense 
of  the  truth. 

Leach,  Beriah  N.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Vt.,  April  '.is,  ISOl  ;  converted  at  fourteen; 
ordained  pastor  at  Cornwell,  Vt.,  in  Octolier,  1S20; 
pastor  at  Middlebury,  Fredonia,  Wyoming,  Ham- 
ilton, and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity from  Madi.son  University  in  1859.  He  died 
Jan.  23,  1809,  strong  in  his  Redeemer's  supporting 
grace.  Dr.  Leach  was  full  of  labors  and  of  love 
for  the  Redeemer,  and  the  favor  of  heaven  rested 
upon  his  toils  for  Jesus  as  well  as  upon  his  own 
soul. 

Leach,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  Shntes- 
bury,  Mass.,  in  1804,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  David 
Goddard,  of  Wendall.  Relinquishing  the  business 
in  which  he  was  engaged,  he  pursued  a  select 
course  of  study  at  the  Shelburne  Falls  Academy, 
and  tiiok  a  parti.al  course  at  Newton.  In  1840  he 
was  ordained  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  .Subsequently 
he  removed  to  Newark,  N.  .J.,  and  then  to  W^en- 
dall  and  South  Hanson,  Mass.,  and  Omaha,  Neb. 
To  this  latter  place  he  had  gone  on  business,  but, 
seeing  the  destitution  of  the  gospel  in  that  rising 
city,  he  preached  for  some  time  there  without  com- 
pensation, and  for  two  years  as  a  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society.  The 
Baptist  church  of  Omaha  is  the  child  of  his  prayers 
and  Labors.  Returning  East,  he  had  charge  of  the 
churches  in  East  .Stoughton,  Holmes'  Hole,  .South 


LEARNING 


677 


LEARNING 


Yiinnouth,  Hai-ned,  and  Still  Uivor.  all  in  the  State 
of  Massuoliusetts.  lie  died  at  Still  liiver.  Mass.. 
March  :!(),  1871. 

Learning,  Baptist  Institutions  of.— Preccd- 
in;;  ami  diiiinj;  the  Coninionwealth  in  England, 
larije  numhers  of  our  ministers  in  that  country  were 
:;raduates  of  O.xford  and  Cambridge.  After  IGGO, 
when  Charles  II.  ascended  the  throne,  the  neces- 
sity for  seeking  education  for  Baptist  pastors  in 
some  new  quarter  forced  itself  upon  the  attention 
of  our  brethren.  Various  plans  were  discussed  in 
London  and  elsewhere  to  secure  an  object  so  dear 
to  the  churches.  Eilward  Terrill,  of  Bristol,  in 
lt)79,  .set  apart  a  portion  of  his  property  for  the  in- 
struction of  students  for  the  ministry,  which  did 
not  become  available  until  the  death  of  his  wife. 
Though  some  aid  was  received  from  it  for  five  years 
preceding  1720,  it  was  in  tliat  year,  under  Rev. 
Bernard  Foskett,  that  Bristol  Baptist  College  was 
formally  established. 

In  17-i6,  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  of  Hopewell,  \.  J., 
opened  the  first  Baptist  Seminary  in  this  country 
'•  for  the  education  of  youth  for  the  ministry."  In 
the  progress  of  this  institution  the  Philadelphia 
and  Ch.arleston  Baptist  Associations  took  the  deep- 
est interest.  They  appointed  trustees  to  watch 
over  its  affairs ;  and  the  Philadelphia  Association 
raised  about  j£-tOU  to  aid  it  in  its  work.  The  prin- 
cipal was  a  scholarly  man,  and  he  had  the  art  of 
imparting  knowledge  to  others.  His  school  was  in 
existence  only  eleven  years,  and  in  that  time  the 
following  were  among  its  pupils:  Dr.  James  Man- 
ning, Kr.  Samuel  Jones,  Dr.  Ilezekiah  Smith,  Dr. 
Isaac  Skillman,  and  Revs.  David  Thomas,  David 
Jones,  the  celebrated  Revolutionary  chaplain,  and 
Charles  Thompson.  The  distinguished  Judge  David 
Howell  was  also  a  student  at  Hopewell.  The  frame 
house  in  which  Mr.  Eaton  presided  over  his  semi- 
nary is  still  standing,  and  in  excellent  condition. 


ISAAC    EATON  S    ACADEMY'. 

THE   riBST   BAPTIST  SEMINARY  POlt  THE   EDUCATION   OF  MINISTERS 
IN    AMERICA. 

On  the  12th  of  October,  1762,  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association,  with  twenty-nine  churches  in 
its  fellowship,  met  in  the  Lutheran  church  on 
Fifth  Street  above  Race  Street,  Philadelphia.  Rev. 
Morgan  Edwards  was  chosen  moderator,  and  Rev. 


Abel  Morgan  clerk.  At  this  session  of  the  mother 
Association  of  American  Baptists  it  was  decided 
that  it  was  '•  expedient  to  erect  a  college  in  the 
colony  of  Rhode  Island,  under  the  chief  direction 
of  the  Baptists.*'  Morgan  Edwards  was  "  the  prin- 
cipal mover  in  this  matter,''  and  to  him  and  Dr. 
Samuel  Jones  the  grand  educational  project  was 
referred. 

In  1763  an  effort  was  made  to  secure  the  con- 
firmation of  a  charter  for  the  new  college  in  the 
Rhode  Island  Assembly.  The  charter  had  been 
prepared  by  Dr.  Ezra  Stiles,  of  Newport,  a  Congre- 
gational minister,  and  it  '"  was  so  artfully  con- 
structed as  to  throw  the  power  into  the  Fellows' 
hands,  whereof  eight  out  of  twelve  were  Presbyte- 
rians, usually  called  Congregationalists.'  "The 
trustees  were  presumed  to  be  the  principal  branch 
of  authority,  and  as  nineteen  out  of  thirty-five  were 
to  be  Baptists,  the  Baptists  were  satisfied,  without 
sufficient  examination  into  the  authority  vested  in 
the  fellowship,  which  afterward  appeared  to  be  the 
soul  of  the  institution,  while  the  trusteeship  was 
only  the  body"  {Manning  and  Brown  University, 
pp.  4S-49).  This  unworthy  effort  of  Dr.  Stiles  was 
frustrated  by  Daniel  Jenckes  and  others  in  the  As- 
sembly. The  amended  charter  was  confirmed  by 
the  Legislature  of  Rhode  Island  in  1704.  In  that 
year  the  Philadelphia  Association  recommended  the 
churches  to  be  liberal  in  placing  the  new  college 
upon  an  efficient  basis  ;  and  in  1766  the  Association 
"  agreed  to  recommend  warmly  to  the  churches  the 
interests  of  the  college,  for  which  a  subscription  is 
opened  all  over  the  continent."  Dr.  James  Man- 
ning was  the  first  president  of  Rhode  Island  Col- 
lege, now  Brown  University.  This  institution  to- 
day has  nineteen  instructors,  property  valued  at 
SI, 750,000,  an  endowment  of  §650,000.  a  library  of 
53,000  volumes,  247  students,  and  a  history  of  use- 
fulness of  which  Americans,  and  especially  Ameri- 
can Baptists,  may  justly  be  proud.  The  Baptist 
colleges,  theological  seminaries,  and  academies  of 
the  United  States,  according  to  the  report  of  the 
"Baptist  Year- Book"  for  1881,  have  property 
worth  SI  1 ,988,883,  and  endowments  of  ?4,960.730,— 
that  is  to  say,  these  institutions  own  assets  amount- 
ing to  1?16,959.613,  nearly  seventeen  million  dol- 
lars. Theirreported  income  last  year  wasS679,178, 
to  which  may  be  added  SI 60,000  from  36  of  them 
from  which  we  have  no  report  of  receipts.  They 
had,  during  1880,  667  teachers.  8749  students,  of 
whom  1532  were  preparing  for  the  Christian  min- 
istry. 

In  the  United  States  most  Pedobaptist  communi- 
ties receive  large  accessions  from  European  emi- 
gration ;  the  Baptists  gain  comparatively  few  mem- 
bers from  this  .source.  Besides,  they  have  had  to 
contend  against  powerful  prejudices  from  the  ear- 
liest period  in  the  history  of  this  country,  preju- 


LEARNING 


678 


LEARNING 


dices  whicli  for  a  long  time  in  several  colonies 
clothed  tlioinsclves  in  persecuting  lejial  enactments, 
and  wliieli  exist  to-day,  without  the  force  of  law, 
in  unfounded  charges  of  bigotry  and  saving  sacra- 
nientalism.  Nevertheless,  by  the  favor  of  God,  they 
have  been  able  not  only  to  rear  a  multitude  of 
church  editices,  but  to  invest  seventeen  million  dol- 


lars in  institutions  of  learning.  Indeed,  we  have 
reason  to  believe  that  if  all  our  educational  enter- 
prises were  reported,  and  an  exact  examination  of 
their  property  and  endowments  made,  that  the  re- 
sult would  show  an  investment  in  these  fountains 
of  light  of  a  sum  little  less  than  twenty  million 
dollars. 


BAPTIST  INSTITUTIONS  OF  LEARNING. 

UNITED  STATES.     IN  1881. 
COLLEGES  AND  UNIVERSITIES. 


N'amk. 

'A 

President. 

Location. 

i 

11 

Q 

PbOPEETV. 

Endow- 
UENT, 

Bruwii  University '  1764 

Madison  University '  1819 

Colby  Univeiiiity 1820 

The  Colnmbian  University...    1821 

ShurtlelT  College 1827 

GeorRetowii  College 1829 

Di-nison  University 1831 

Franklin  College 1834 

Wake  Forest  College 1834 

Mercer  University 1838 

Richmimd  College 1832 

Howard  a>llege 1843 

Baylor  Univereity 1  1846 

University  at  Lowisburg 1846 

William  Jewell  College 1  1849 

University  of  Rochester '  1850 

Mississippi  College '  1850 

Carson  College 1  1850 

E.  G.  Robinson,  D.D.,  LL.D 

Providence,  R.  I 

Hamilton.  N.  Y 

19 
10 

8 

247 
90 

$1,7.50,000 
640.000 

t 
8650,000 
480,(X10 
200,000 
110,000 
160,000 

75,000  1 
lOli.oOfI  • 

H0,(HXI 

46,0(MI 
100,000 

95,000 

148  1        300,000 
343          370,000 
128  1        17.5.000 
119  !        125,000 
173  1        3(XI,0<H) 
85  i        120,000 
171             8(>.(I00 

J   C.  Welling  LL.D 

Washington,  D.  C 25 

Upper  Alton,  III 7 

Georgetown,  Ky (i 

Granville,  0 9 

Franklin,  Imi H 

Wake  Forest,  N.  C 8 

A.  A.  Kendrick,  D.D 

R.  M.  Dudley,  D.D 

Alfred  Owen,  D.D 

W.  T,  Slott,  D.D 

T.  H.  Pritchard,  D.D 

A  J.  Battle,  D.D 

9 

8 
8 

108 
126 
126 
119 

66 
146 
146 
200 
185 

86 
121 
169 
105 
250 
100 
190 
303 

78 
131 
108 

60 
185 

300,000 

3(MI,0(X) 

60,000 

70,000 

25O,(K)0 

175,000 

846,443 

60,000 

60,000 

100,000 

B.  Purvear,  A.M 

Col.  J.T.  Mnrfee 

W.  C.  Crane,  D.D.,  LL.D 

Richmuu'l,  Va 

Indepenileiice,  Te.\a8 6 

LewisliurK,  Pa " 

Liberty,  Mo 7 

Rofhester   N   Y 9 

26,000 
121,769 
100,000 
265,.540 

20,000 

Rev.  D.. I.  Hill,  A.M 

\V.  B.  lUitliwell,  D.U 

M  B  Anderson    LL  D 

W  S.  Webb,  D.D 

riiiit^n.  Miss 

7 
4 

J   C   Furnuiit    I>  D                          i  riroHtiviilp  .ST                  .         h 

1852 
1855 
1856 
1659 
1868 
1861 
1801 
1865 
1859 
1867 
1871 
1874 

L.  A.  Dunn,  D.D 

7 
9 

175,000 
175,(XX) 
150,600 
.30,000 
50,000 
992,154 
70,000 
36,000 
40,000 
30,000 
106,000 

75,000 
75,000 
000 
20,000 
13,000 
281,2.'')0 
20,«I0 

Bethel  G)Uege* 

LesIiH  WaggiMier,  LL.D 1  Ru-seellville,  Ky 5 

Galusha  AmlL'rsoii,  D.D Chk-ago,  III ■      16 

Rev.  G.  J.  Burclu'lt,  A.M McMinnville,  Oregon 1       4 

R  C   BiirlesdU,  D  D...; '  Wacf».  Tflxas '      10 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y |     31 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 4 

La  Grange,  Mo ,        8 

UiiivorHily  uf  Des  Moines 

J.  A.  Nash,  D.D 

J.  F.  Couk,  LL.D 

20,000 
20,000 
65,000 

4 

SoutliwuBtern  Buptiet  Uiiiv... 

Jackson,  Tenn 

6 

Total  number 31 



280 

4609 

J7,910,597      S3.279.159  1 

1 

1 

*  From  previous  reports. 


THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTIONS. 


Name. 

si 
^1 

President. 

Location. 

1 

Property. 

1 

Endow- 
ment. 

Hamilton  Theological  Sem... 
Newton  Tlieol.  Institution.... 

1819 

1825 

E.  Dodge,  D.D.,  LL.D 

Alvah  Hovey,  D.D 

Hamilton,  N.  Y 

6 
6 
8 

36 
67 
70 
89 

78 
42 
48 

»70,000 
426,878 
450,000 
300,000 

832,760 
314,801 
.300,000 
300,000 

Newton  Centre,  Mass 

RorhPstpr   N.  Y 

Southern  Baptist  Tbeol.  Sem.'   1858 
Shurtletr  Theologii-al  Dept...!   1862 
Baptist  Union  Theol.  Sem '  1867 

Jas.  P.  Boycc,  D.D.,  LL.D Louisville,  Ky 

4 

1 

H   G    Wp>*Ioii    D  D                            Unland   Pa  

4 

403,000     '      444.130  1 

Vardeman  Sch.  of  Theology- 

1868 

40,000 

37 

430 

$1,689,878 

81,191,681 

1 

LEAR  NINO 


679 


LEARNING 


BAPTIST   INSTITUTION'S  OF  LEARNIXG— ConiiHwed. 

ACADEMIES,  SEMINARIES,  AND  FEMALE  COLLEGES. 


Aliihaniu  Ceiitml  Female  Col. 
Atlanta  Haptjat  Seniinaryf  ... 

BaptiHt  Female  College 

B&riliitowii  HI.  and  ¥.  College. 

Baylor  Female  College 

Benedict  Institutet 

Bethel  Female  Colk-s-e  

Bri>addus  Female  College 

Burlington  (.'nlnreil  Institute. 

Cedar  Valley  Seminary* 

Centra!  Female  Institute 

Chowan  Itaptibit  Female  Inst. 

Coltjy  Aeademy 

Colgate  Academy 

Connecticut  Lit.  Institution... 

Cook  Academy 

Georgetown  Female  Sem 

Georgia  Female  College 

Grand  River  College 

Greenville  Baptist  Fem.  Col.. 

Hardin  Female  College* 

Hollin's  Institute 

Howe  Literary  Institute 

Judsou  Female  Institute 

Keystone  Academy 

Leland  Universityt 

Lea  Female  College 

Mary  Sharp  College 

Minnesota  Academy* 

Mount  Pleasant  Institute 

Nashville  Institute! 

Natchez  Seminaryf 

Normal  and  Theol.  Scho<d.... 

Peddie  Institute 

Reid  Institute 

Richmond  Institutet 

Shaw  Univei-sityt 

South  Jersey  Institute 

Stephen's  Female  College 

University  Academy 

University  Female  Institute. 

Vermont  Academy 

Wayland  Seminaryf 

Wayland  University 

Worcester  Academy 

Wyoming  Seminary 

Young  Ladies'  Institute 


18.57 
1X711 
1H.55 
1842 
1»4« 
l«7(l 

1H71 
18.Vi 

ima 

185:i 
184« 
IS.'iG 
1872 
18^13 
1872 
1840 
1850 
1859 
1851 
1873 
1841 
1874 
lRi9 
18t» 
1870 
1877 
18.50 
1877 
1873 
1865 
1877 
1878 
1865 
1862 
1867 
1865 
1870 
1856 
1846 
1846 
1872 
1865 
1865 
18;i4 
1867 
1832 


S 


Prof.  A.  K.  Yancey,  Jr Tuscaloosa,  Ala  12 

Kev.  J.  T.  Robert,  LL  D Atlanta,  Ua 4 

-iolin  F.  Lanneau,  A.M Lexington,  Mo j  12 

II.  J.  Greenwell,  A.M Bardstown,  Ky 7 

J.  11.  Luther,  D.D Independence,  Texas |  10 

E.  J.  Goodapeed,  D.D Culumliia,  S.  C i  6 

J.  W.  Kust,  A.M Hopkinsville,  Ky j  « 

Rev.  E.J.  Willis,  LL.D Clarkslmrg,  W.  Va. ;  7 


Prof.  E.  F.  Stearns Burlington,  Iowa.. 

Rev.  A.  Bush,  A.M Osage,  Iowa 

Walter  Hillman,  LL.D Clinton,  Miss 

Dr.  A.  McDowell Murfreesborough,  N.  C... 

James  1'.  Dixon,  A.M New  London,  N.  H.„ 

Rev.  F.  W.  Towle,  A.M Hamilton,  N.Y.. 


,  Martin  H.  Smith,  A.M Sultield,  Conn '  7 

'  Prof.  A.  C.  Uill Havana,  N.  Y I  10 

Prof.  J.  J.  Rucker Georgetown,  Ky ■  10 

Mr.  P.  F.  Asbury Madison,  Ga 5 

Prof.  T.  H  Slorts Edinburg.Mo 4 

Prof.  A.  S.  Townes I  Greenville,  S.  C 10 

Prof.  A.  W.  Terrill '  Mexico.Mo I  8 

Prof.  Clias.  L.Cocke \  Butetuurt  Springs,  Va —  I'i 

Prof.  S.  F.  Holt :  East  St.  Lou.s,  III 4 

L.  R.  Gwaltney,  D.D Marion,  Ala 10 

Rev.  J.  H.  Harris,  A.M [  Facloryville,  Pa 7 

Rev.  Seth  J.  -\xtell,  .Ir |  New  Orleans,  La. ;  £ 

Rev.  C.  H.  Otken.  AM Summit,  Miss 6 

Z.  C.  Graves,  LL.D Winchester,  Tenu 8 

S.  H.  Baker,  A.M i  Owatimna,  Minn «...  6 

Rev.  Leroy  Stevens,  A.M Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 6 

D.  W.  Phillips,  D.D Nashville,  Tenn 8 

Rev.  Cliarlea  Ayer Natchez,  Miss i  4 

Rev.  H.  Woodsman Selma,  Ala 6 

I  Rev.  E.  J.  Avery,  A.M Hightstown,  N.  J 10 

C.  A.  Gilbert,  A.M Heidsburg,  Pa 3 

Rev.  C.  H.  Corey,  A.M Richmond,  Va 6 

Rev.  H.  M.  Tupper,  A.M Raleigh,  N.  C 15 

Prof.  H.  K.  Trii£k ,  Bridgeton,  N.  J '  10 

Prof.  R.  P.  Rider ,  Columbia,  Mo 14 

W.  E.  Martin,  .\.M Lewisburg,  Pa 4 

Jonathan  Jones,  A.M Lewisburg,  Pa 10 

H.  M.  Willard,  A.M Saxtcm's  River,  Vt 8 

Rev.  G.  M.  P.  King Washington,  D  C 7 

N.  E.  Wood,  AM Beaver  Dam,  Wis ;  6 

Nath.  Leavenworth,  A.M Worcester,  Mass I  4 

Rev.  M.  Heath,  A.M ,  Wyoming,  Del 5 

D.  Shepardsou,  D.D Granville,  0 9 


no 

100 
133 

gS 
100 
150 
lOU 

75 

60 
172 
104 

60 

76 
111 
110 
120 
115 

70 
131 
163 
160 
114 

84 

lis 

145 
148 

75 
110 
173 

60 
231 
1-20 
250 
125 

68 

02 
277 
150 
170 

65 

72 
125 

92 
120 

68 


$100,0(10 
12,000 


10,(K)() 
20,000 
43,700 
30,000 
10,000 
50,000 
22.000 
20,01X1 
50,000 
181,000 
125,000 
1(K),000 
168,708 
.  25,000 


10,000 
20,000 
68,000 
75,000 
2.5,000 
50.000 
30,(X)0 
86,000 
10,000 
16,000 
12,000 
25,000 
80,000 
15,000 
8,000 
126,000 
10,000 


125,000 
75,000 
30,000 


Endow- 
ment. 


75,000 
142,000 

40,000 

60,000 
200,000  ! 


818,700  I 
I 


20,000  ' 
9,000 


81.000 
65,000 
28,000 


10,000 

"5,m 


I 


1,000 


20,000 


100,000  I 


19,000 
83,000 


Total  number 48 


360 


6522     ?2,388,408     ;    $489,890 


*  From  previous  reports. 


t  Under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 


ENGLAND,  WALES,  AND   SCOTLAND* 


Kahe. 

'1 

President. 

Location. 

i       s 

F  1 

Propebty. 

ElfDOW- 
UEVT. 

Rrietol  ColletTB          

1720 

F.  W.  Gotch,  LL  D 

Bristol 

■ 

Chilwoll  Collpire  fGen    Ban  ) 

17«7 

Rev   F  Goadliy   BA     

Rawdon  College 1804 

Pontyimol  College 1  1807 

Rev.  T.  G.  Kuuke,  B.A 

Rev  W   M   Lewis   A  M 

Rawiidii,  Yorkshire 

.TnRm.il   A.iP-ii*!.  U  I)_  M.R.A.S  .. 

Hiivertoi-dwest  tVillege 1S39     Th«mas  Davies,  D.D 

Haverfonlwest,  Wales.... 

Pastor's  ''ollege  (Spurgeon's). 

18;j6      R^v    ("'    H    Siiiire-flnii 

18G2 
1866 

Muiichester  Bap.  Theol.  lust. 

Brighton  Griive,  M'ch't'r. 



*  These  institutions  bad  an  income  of  $80,000  in  1880. 


LEAVITT 


680 


LECOMPTE   ■ 


BAPTIST   INSTITUTIONS  OF  LEARNING— Co/i/niuerf. 
CANADA.— Ontario. 


Name. 

si 

PRESlllENT. 

Location. 

u 

PROPEBTV. 

Endow- 
ment. 

Canadian  Literary  Institute.. 
Toronto  Tlieol.  Institution.... 

Kev,  John  Torrance,  M.A 

Woodstock,  Ontario 

10 
3 

1881 

13 

NOVA   SCOTIA. 


Name. 

Q 

P 

President. 

LOCATIOK. 

a 

Phopeetv. 

Endow- 
ment. 

A  W  Sawyer,  D  D 

8 

75 

In  addition  to  these,  we  have  missionary  colleges 
and  theological  institutions  in  Jamaica,  Burraah, 
India,  France,  Germany,  and  Sweden. 

The  Ilollis  family  of  London,  earnest  Baptists, 
were  such  generous  friends  of  education,  that  down 
to  1735  they  gave  more  than  "£6000  currency  of 
Massachusetts"  to  Harvard  College,  then  a  Congre- 
gational institution,  that  New  England  might  have 
literary  advantages.  AVe  had  no  American  Bap- 
tist colleges  in  that  day  to  receive  such  benefac- 
tions. 

In  establishing  and  sustaining  institutions  of 
learning,  and  in  extending  general  education 
throughout  our  entire  country,  no  denomination 
occupies  a  more  honored  place  than  the  Baptists. 

Leavitt,  Rev.  Samuel  K.,  was  born  at  Levant, 
Me.,  June  23,  1830;  graduated  at  Colby  University 
in  1855  ;  after  graduation  taught  in  the  literary 
and  scientific  institution  at  New  London,  N.  II., 
ill  the  high  school  at  Ilolyoke,  Mass.,  and  at  Ilalli- 
well,  Me.  In  1857  removed  to  Evansville,  Ind., 
where  he  studied  law  and  remained  in  the  legal 
profession  until  the  spring  of  1870,  with  an  inter- 
ruption of  three  years'  service  in  the  army  as  cap- 
tain in  the  65th  Regiment  of  Ind.  Inf.  Vols.  Was 
converted  in  college  in  1852,  and  baptized  at  Iloly- 
oke in  1855  by  Rev.  James  French.  In  the  spring 
of  1872  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
at  Evansville,  Ind.  Has  had  only  two  pastorates, 
the  first  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  the  second  at  First 
church,  Cincinnati,  0.,  from  December,  1872,  to  the 
present  time.  lie  is  an  earnest,  thorough-going 
man,  and  he  is  profoundly  interested  in  the  reform- 
atory as  well  as  the  religious  movements  of  the 
day. 


Lecompte,  Rev.  Edwin  Augustus,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Sept.  14,  1835.  lie  was  religiously 
trained  at  home,  and  in  the  Sunday-scliool  of  the 
Charles  Street  Baptist  church,  under  the  ministra- 
tions of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp.  Having  gone  through 
the  course  of  study  pursued  in  the  excellent  schools 
of  his  native  city,  he  decided  to  devote  himself  to 
business.  AVhen  but  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was 
hopefully  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  A. 
II.  Burlinghara,  then  pastor  of  the  Harvard  Street 
church,  Boston.  His  attention  wiis  now  turned  to 
the  Christian  ministry,  and  in  order  to  fit  himself 
for  his  chosen  work  he  pursued  his  preparatory 
studies  in  part  at  the  Middleborough  Academy, 
under  the  tuition  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  Jeiiks,  and 
graduated  with  honor  at  Harvard  University  in  the 
class  of  1862.  "  His  subsequent  work  proved  that 
his  intellectual  as  well  as  moral  culture  was  broad 
and  thorough."  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Street  church,  in  South  Boston,  July  30, 
1862.  For  seven  years  he  labored  successfully  with 
this  church,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  1864,  when  he  was 
called  back  to  his  native  State  and  became  pastor 
of  the  Worthen  Street  church,  Lowell,  Mass.  Here 
for  fifteen  years  he  "  made  full  proof  of  his  minis- 
try," and  his  work  was  respected  in  the  commu- 
nity in  which  he  lived,  inasmuch  as  he  brought  to 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  a  well-cultivated  intel- 
lect and  a  warm,  gentle,  and  guileless  heart.  "He 
was  one  of  those  men  for  whom  we  are  never 
called  on  to  explain  or  apologize."  He  died  March 
2,  1880,  not  having  quite  reached  the  furty-fifth 
year  of  his  age. 


LEE 


681 


LEE 


Lee,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Johnston  Co., 
N.  C,  Feb.  4,  lSa">.  With  his  father,  Joel  Lee,  and 
family,  he  removed  to  Alabama  and  settled  in 
Cunecuh  County  in  1817.  David  Lee  was  happily 
converted,  and  in  November,  1827,  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Alex.  Travis,  and  the  next  year  be^an  to  ex- 
liort  sinners  to  repentance.  Was  ordained  in  18.33 
by  Revs.  David  Peebles  and  Alexander  Watson. 
lias  been  pastor  of  Hopewell  church,  at  Mount 
Willing,  ever  since  he  entered  the  ministry,  and 
from  time  to  time  of  other  churches.  Has  attended 
every  meeting,  save  one,  of  the  Alabama  Associa- 
tion since  18.3.3,  and  has  been  moderator  of  that 
body  for  about  tliirty-five  years,  and  is  one  of  the 
best  presiding  officers  in  the  State.  All  his  life  us 
a  man  and  a  minister  he  has  exerted  a  commanding 
influence  in  that  large  and  powerful  Association, 
lias  written  extensively  and  ably  for  our  religious 
papers;  has  ever  been  in  good  worldly  circum- 
stances. 

Lee,  Franklin,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Xew  Jersey 
in  1787  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  for  more  than  fifty  years, 


FR.WKI.IN     I.EE,    ESl). 

and  for  about  thirty  years  an  honored  deacon.  lie 
was  treasurer  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Associa- 
tion fur  many  years.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Philadelphia  in  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  and 
he  held  other  public  positions  of  importance  in 
times  when  such  offices  sought  the  men  to  fill  them. 
In  his  own  churcli  he  was  familiarly  known  as 
"  Father  Lee,"  and  every  member  of  it  felt  a  special 
interest  in  him.  He  was  known  and  venerated  by 
44 


the  whole  denomination  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania; 
he  held  a  higli  place  in  the  regards  of  all  the 
leading  citizens  of  I'hiladelphia  among  whom 
he  mingled  in  business  pursuits  and  in  patriotic 
efforts. 

His  doctrinal  sentiments  accorded  with  those 
proclaimed  by  Dr.  (Jill  and  taught  by  inspired 
Paul :  he  was  deeply  devotional  in  his  religious 
exercises,  a  generous  friend  of  missions  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  neces- 
sities of  the  poor.  While  broad  in  his  charities, 
Mr.  Lee  was  a  strong  Baptist,  and  no  struggling 
community  of  his  denomination  ever  vainly  ap- 
pealed to  him.  For  years  before  his  death  his  ordi- 
nary gifts  to  the  poor  and  the  cause  of  Christ  were 
about  two  thousand  dollars  annually. 

Intimately  conversant  with  God's  Word,  of  which 
he  was  a  diligent  and  intelligent  student,  he  was 
strengthened  by  its  doctrines  and  its  promises,  and 
led  a  life  marked  by  unspotted  purity.  His  hope 
was  unusually  bright;  he  often  quoted  the  words 
of  the  poet  to  express  his  experience, — 

"  More  happy,  ^ut  not  more  secure, 
The  glorified  spirita  iu  heaven." 

He  entered  the  eternal  inheritance  Dec.  13,  1861, 
mourned  by  throngs  in  whose  hearts  he  will  ever 
live,  and  from  whose  memories  the  records  of  his 
worth  can  never  be  obliterated. 

Lee,  Rev.  Hanson,  distinguished  as  an  edu- 
cator, preacher,  and  editor,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  but  reared  in  Alabama,  where  he  received 
a  fine  classical  education,  and  afterward  graduated 
at  the  Southwestern  Theological  Seminary,  Marys- 
ville,  Tenn.  After  several  successful  pastorates  in 
Alabama,  he  became  president  of  Mossy  Creek 
College,  Eastern  Tennessee.  In  18.54  he  came  to 
Mount  Lebanon,  La.,  where  he  founded  the  Loui- 
siana liiiptisl,  which  took  rank  among  the  best 
Southern  religious  journals.  In  connection  with 
his  intelligent^-ife  lie  also  founded  Mount  Lebanon 
Female  College.     He  died  Jlay  7,  1862. 

Lee,  Rev.  Jason,  son  of  Rev.  Joseph  Lee,  of 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  wa.s  ordained  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  cliureh  in  East  Lyme,  Conn.,  in  1774, 
and  with  great  honor  sustained  this  relation  till 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1810,  in  the  seventieth 
year  of  his  age,  and  the  thirty-sixth  of  his  pas- 
torate. 

Lee,  Rev.  Jesse,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1S03  ; 
became  a  preaelier  in  1837.  He  removed  to  Caddo 
Parish,  La.,  in  1847.  Through  hie  labors  the 
Shreveport  church  was  greatly  strengthened,  and 
a  large  church  built  up  at  Summer  Grove,  of  which 
he  was  pastor  more  than  twenty  years.  He  died 
Oct.  9,  1872. 

Lee,  Rev.  S.  C,  pastor  at  Fannersville,  La., 
and  editor  of  the  Baptist  Messenger,  was  born  in 
Alabama  in  1826 ;  has  served  several  churches  in 


LEIGH 


682 


LELAND 


Concord  Association,  La.,  and  has  been  often  elected 
moderator  of  that  body.  lie  conceived  the  idea  of 
estalilisliing  the  Concord  Institute,  and  as  agent 
secured  in  a  few  months  an  endowment  of  l?14,000. 

Leigh,  Hon.  John  T.,  is  descended  from  Revo- 
lutionary stock.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1821.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he  went  into  a  store 
at  New  Brunswick  as  clerk.  In  1844  he  began 
business  at  Clinton,  N.  J.,  and  has  risen  to  a  promi- 
nent yilace  among  business  men  in  the  community. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Clinton  National 
Bank,  has  been  twice  mayor,  and  ho  has  lieen  a 
member  of  the  Legislature.  lie  is  a  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Clinton. 

Leland,  Rev.  Aaron,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Vermont,  was  born  in  llolliston,  Mass.,  May  28, 
1761.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Bellinghaui,  Mass.,  in  1785,  and  soon  after  was 
licensed  by  that  church  to  preach,  lie  removed  to 
Chester,  Vt.,  where,  in  1789,  a  small  church  of  only 
ten  members  was  formed,  of  which  he  took  the  pas- 
toral charge.  In  ten  years  the  church  had  grown 
so  large,  in  consequence  of  a  great  revival  which 
spread  through  that  section,  that  it  became  neces- 
sary to  divide  it,  and  four  churches  were  set  off 
from  the  parent  stock. 

Mr.  Leland  did  not  confine  his  ministerial  labors 
to  his  own  vicinity,  but  went  out,  as  our  fathers  in 
the  ministry  were  wont  to  do,  into  the  surrounding 
districts,  making  disciples  and  then  gathering  them 
into  Christian  churches.  "  It  was  not  uncommon  for 
him  during  the  early  years  of  his  ministry  to  go 
from  fourteen  to  twenty  miles  through  the  wilder- 
ness to  attend  a  funeral." 

Mr.  Leland,  from  his  known  intelligence,  and  be- 
cause in  his  political  sentiments  he  harmonized 
with  the  people  of  the  district  in  wliich  he  lived, 
was  often  called  upon  to  act  in  civil  affairs.  For 
nine  years  he  was  representative  in  the  General 
Assembly.  He  was  speaker  of  the  House  for  three 
years,  and  one  of  the  governor's  council  for  four 
years.  For  five  years  he  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  State,  a  part  of  the  time  being  associated  with 
Rev.  Ezra  Butler,  who  was  governor.  Probably 
this  is  the  only  instance  in  the  history  of  the 
country  where  two  Baptist  ministers  occupied  to- 
gether the  two  highest  posts  of  honor  within  the 
gift  of  their  fellow-citizens,  as  oflicers  of  a  State 
government.  For  eighteen  years  he  was  one  of  the 
assistant  justices  of  the  County  Court.  He  was 
proposed  as  a  candidate  for  governor  in  1828,  but 
feeling  that  he  must  separate  himself  too  much  from 
the  work  of  the  ministry  if  he  accepted  the  position, 
he  declined  to  run  for  the  office.  We  are  told  that 
"  he  had  high  qualifications  for  a  popular  and  ef- 
fective preacher.  He  had  a  noble  form  ;  a  mind 
of  a  powerful  cast,  that  perceived  quickly  and 
composed   easily  ;   a  voice   of  vast   compass,  but 


smooth  and  mellow ;  great  facility  of  utterance, 
and  great  fervor  of  spirit ;  clear,  but  impassioned, 
he  would  carry  with  him  the  multitude  irresist- 
ibly." With  such  traits  of  character,  and  ready  to 
enlist  heartily  in  any  and  every  good  cause,  it  is  no 
wonder  that  he  wielded  an  extensive  intiuence 
throughout  the  State  of  Vermont.  "  He  had  great 
influence  among  his  brethren,  and  commanded 
their  high  respect,  as  was  evident  from  their  al- 
most uniformly  making  him  the  moderator  of  their 
meetings.  He  was  a  wise  and  safe  counselor,  al- 
ways bringing  to  his  aid  the  best  light  he  was  able 
to  command,  and  forming  his  judgment  with  a  dis- 
creet reference  to  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case.'' 
He  was  one  of  the  Fellows  of  Middlebury  College, 
and  received  from  that  institution  in  1814,  and  from 
Brown  University  in  1815,  the  honorary  degree  of 
blaster  of  Arts.     lie  died  Aug.  25,  1833. 

Leland,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Grafton,  Mass., 
May  14,  1754.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  passed 
through   an  experience   not  unlike  that   of  John 


REV.  JOIl.V    LEI.AND. 

Bunyan,  coming  out  gradually  into  the  liberty  of 
the  cospel.  Within  a  month  after  his  conversion, 
in  June,  1774,  he  made  his  first  attempt  at  public 
speaking.  Having  connected  himself  with  the 
church  in  Mount  Poney,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  he  was 
ordained  by  the  choice  of  the  church.  He  preached 
from  place  to  place,  everywhere  proclaiming  "  the 
unsearchable  riches  of  Christ."  Wonderful  revi- 
vals everywhere  followed  the  labors  of  Mr.  Leland 
in  Virginia.  Hundreds  came  under  the  power 
of  converting  grace,  and  professed  their  faith  in 


LELAND 


683 


LEMEN 


Christ.  The  summary  of  his  labors  during  the 
fifteen  years  of  his  ministry  in  Virginia  is  tluis  re- 
corded,— 3009  sermons  preached,  700  persons  bap- 
tized, and  two  large  churches  formed,  one  of 
301)  members,  and  another  of  200. 

Having  finished  the  work  which  he  thouglit 
his  Master  had  given  him  to  do  in  Virginia, 
.Mr.  Leland  returned  to  his  native  State,  and 
made  liis  home  for  the  most  of  the  remainder 
<}f  his  life  in  Cheshire,  Mass.  Here,  and  in  = 
the  region  about,  the  same  power  and  the 
same  success  followed  his  ministry.  He  re-  - 
ports  the  whole  number  of  persons  whom  he 
had  baptized  down  to  1821  as  1352.  "Some 
of  them,"  he  says,  "  have  been  men  of  wealth 
and  rank,  and  ladies  of  quality,  but  the  chief 
part  have  been  in  the  middle  and  lower  grades 
of  life.  Ten  or  twelve  of  them  have  engaged 
to  preach."  Missionary  tours  were  made  in 
almost  every  direction,  and  multitudes  crowded 
to  hear  him.  The  story  of  the  '"mammoth 
cheese"  sent  by  the  people  of  Cheshire  to 
President  Jefferson  belongs  to  this  period. 
lie  was  the  bearer  of  the  gift  to  Washington. 
"Mr.  Jefferson,''  remarks  Rev.  J.  T.  Smith, 
"  treated  him  with  much  deference,  among  other 
things  taking  him  into  the  Senate  chamber."  Year 
after  year  he  went  on  doing  that  special  work  to 
which  he  believed  the  Lord  had  called  him.  "  From 
seventy  to  beyond  eighty  years  of  age  he  probably 
averaged  more  sermons  a  week  than  most  settled 
pastors."  And  it  is  interesting  to  have  the  follow- 
ing recorded  of  him  by  one  who  could  speak  intel- 
ligently about  him,  "The  large  attendance  on  his 
preaching  was  as  creditable  to  the  hearers  as  to  the 
preacher.  A  sensational  preacher  he  was  not,  nor 
a  mere  bundle  of  eccentricities.  The  discrimina- 
ting and  thoughtful  listened  to  him  with  the  most 
interest  and  attention."  lie  was  evidently  "  a  born 
preacher."  The  life  of  a  settled  pastor  would  have 
been  irksome  to  him.  lie  wanted  freedom  from  all 
restraint,  and  to  do  his  own  work  at  his  own  time 
and  in  his  own  way.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat 
of  the  Jeffersonian  school,  a  hater  of  all  oppression, 
whether  civil  or  ecclesiastical.  His  warmest  .sym- 
pathies went  out  to  his  Baptist  brethren  in  their 
efforts  to  secure  a  complete  divorce  of  the  Church 
from  the  State.  Everywhere  he  pleaded  with  all  the 
energy  of  his  soul  for  civil  and  religious  liberty, 
and  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  it  at  last  come 
out  of  the  conflict  victorious  over  all  foes.  Among 
the  class  of  ministers  whom  God  raised  up  during 
the  last  century  to  do  the  special  work  which  it 
was  given  the  Baptist  denomination  to  perform, 
John  Leland  occupies  a  conspicuous  place.  We 
doubt  if  his  equal  will  ever  be  seen  again.  Mr. 
Leland  died  Jan.  14,  1841. 

Leland  University,  located  at  New  Orleans, 


La.,  was  founded  by  the  munificence  of  llolbrook 
("hamberlain,  under  the  direction  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society.     It  is  devoted  to  the  education 


LEI,.4ND    UNIVERSITV,    NEW  ORLE.V.NS,    f.A. 

of  freedmen.  Mr.  Chamberlain  first  gave  $12,500 
to  found  it,  and  the  amount  was  duplicated  by 
contributors  to  the  society.  He  then  gave  $5000 
more  towards  the  buildings.  He  and  his  wife  not 
only  donated  money  to  this  noble  object,  but  lent 
also  their  hearty  personal  efl'orts.  This  school  has 
now  been  in  successful  operation  several  years, 
and  has  the  warm  sympathy  of  the  Baptists  of  the 
city,  and  indeed  of  the  Southwest.  It  is  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  evangelization  of  the  freed- 
men of  the  South. 

Lemen,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Berkeley  Co., 
Va.,  in  1761).  In  early  life  he  was  one  of  those 
who  went  North  from  Virginia  with  Gen.  Wash- 
ington, and  was  in  some  of  the  noted  actions  of  the 
war  of  the  Revolution.  Returning  to  Virginia  he 
settled  near  Wheeling,  but  in  1780  removed  to  Illi- 
nois, being  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  that  re- 
gion of  then  almost  unbroken  wilderness.  He 
went  down  the  Ohio  River  in  a  tlat-boat,  with  his 
family,  and  after  much  exposure  and  disaster  ar- 
rived at  length,  though  with  a  lo.ssof  all  his  house- 
hold goods,  which  the  river  in  the  wrecking  of  his 
boat  had  swallowed  up.  His  first  home  in  Illinois 
was  near  Kaskaskia,  at  New  Design,  on  the  road 
from  Kaskaskia  to  St.  Louis.  For  many  years  his 
house  was  a  stopping-place  for  travelers  between  the 
two  places,  and  they  were  always  entertained  with 
Western  hospitality.  Under  the  preaching  of  Rev. 
James  Smith,  the  first  evangelical  minister  to  visit 
Illinois,  Mr.  Lemen  experienced  conversion  in  1787, 
but  did  not  make  a  profession  of  his  faith  in  bap- 
tism until  1794,  when  with  his  wife  and  two  others 


LEMRN 


684 


LENOX 


he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Josi.ili  Dodge.  This  was 
the  first  instance  of  the  administration  of  baptism 
in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Illinois.  Two  years 
hiter  Mr.  Lemen  and  his  wife  united  with  a  few 
others  in  forming  the  first  Christian  church  in 
Illinois,  their  minister  being  Rev.  David  IJadgley. 
The  Baptists  thus  led  the  way  in  the  W(]rk  of  estab- 
lishing churches  in  the  great  Prairie  State.  Even 
before  Mr.  Lemen  had  experienced  conversion  he 
had  been  one  of  a  small  company  who  met  together 
on  the  Lord's  day  to  read  the  Scriptures,  witli  a 
sermon  whenever  one  could  be  procured.  After  his 
conversion  he  was  able  to  accompany  these  exer- 
cises with  prayer.  Finally,  in  1808,  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach,  being  now  nearly  fifty  years  of 
age.  From  that  time  until  his  death  he  was  an  ac- 
tive, zealous,  and  useful  minister  of  the  gospel, 
associating  this  with  other  public  duties,  such  as, 
for  some  years,  justice  of  the  peace,  and  also  as  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  County  Court.  He  died  -Jan.  8, 
1823,  aged  sixty-two.  Ilis  son,  James  Lemen,  Jr., 
■who  was  in  the  ministry  before  him  and  assisted  at 
his  ordination,  also  preached  his  funeral  sermon. 

Lemen,  Rev.  James,  Jr.,  third  son  of  the  fore- 
going, was  born  at  New  Design,  111.,  Oct.  8,  1787. 
Converted  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  immediately 
began  preaching,  even  before  he  had  united  with 
any  church.  Joining  the  church  at  New  Design, 
he  was  by  that  church  ordained,  and  he  continued 
in  the  duties  of  an  active  ministry  in  various  parts 
of  Southern  Illinois  for  more  than  sixty  years.  He 
took  an  active  part  also  in  public  affairs;  was 
during  sixteen  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
both  as  representative  and  as  senator.  An  election 
to  the  U.  S.  Senatorship  was  offered  him  but  de- 
clined.    He  died  Feb.  S,  1870,  aged  eighty-two. 

Lemen,  James  H.,  was  one  of  the  family  of 
Lemens  who  came  into  Illinois  among  its  earliest 
settlers.  He  died  in  O'Fallon,  Madison  Co.,  Sept. 
12,  1872,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five.  He  had  been 
a  member  of  Bethel  church  since  the  age  of 
twelve,  was  for  many  years  clerk  of  the  church, 
and  for  twenty  years  clerk  of  the  South  District 
Association. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  the  second  son  of 
James  Lemen,  Sr.,  and  was  born  near  Harper's 
Ferry,  Va..  Sept.  8,  1785.  lie  was  only  nine 
months  old  when  his  parents  removed  to  Illinois. 
He  was  converted  at  a  camp-meeting  near  Ed- 
wardsville,  111.,  conducted  by  the  Methodist  bishop, 
McKendree,  and  by  two  Baptist  ministers, — 
"  Father  Clark"  and  James  Lemen,  Sr.  He  was 
ordained  Feb.  4,  1810,  and  was  an  active  and  use- 
ful minister  for  fifty-one  years.  He  died  June  28, 
1801,  at  the  age  of  seventy -five. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Josiah,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1794, 
at  New  Design,  111.  He  was  the  sixth  child  of 
James   Lemen,    Sr.      He   also,   like   his   brothers 


Joseph,  Moses,  and  James,  became  a  minister  of 
the  gospel.  He  was  baptized  May  2,  1819,  by  Rev. 
John  Clark,  known  in  the  former  history  of  Illinois 
as  "Father  Clark,"  and  united  with  the  Canton, 
now  Bethel  church,  near  the  place  of  his  birth. 
Ho  died  .inly  11,  ISG2,  aged  seventy-two. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Moses,  was  the  youngest  son  of 
James  Lemen,  Sr.,  and  he  was  born  at  the  Illinois 
home  of  that  remarkable  family,  Sept.  3,  1797. 
Though  converted  at  ten  years  of  age,  he  did  not 
unite  with  the  church  until  liis  twenty-secoml  year. 
He  was  then  baptized  by  "  Father  Clark."  He  and 
his  brother  Josiah  were  both  baptized  and  ordained 
at  the  same  time,  their  ordination  occurring  Jlarch 
24,  1822.  Mosea  Lemen,  during  thirty-six  years, 
was  one  of  the  most  laborious  and  useful  ministers 
in  Illinois.  He  died  March  5,  1859,  aged  sixty- 
one. 

Lemen,  Rev.  Sylvester,  was  also  of  the  famous 

Lemen  family,  of  Illinois,  and  he  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Bethel  church.     He  died  at 

Belleville,  111.,  Sept.  28,  1872,  at  the  age  of  fifty-six. 
lie  was,  during  some  thirty-five  years,  one  of  the 
active  and  useful  members  of  the  South  District 
Association. 

Lennon,  Rev.  Haynes,  was  born  Dec.  15, 1816 ; 
was  deeply  impressed  with  a  desire  to  seek  the 
Saviour  at  four  years  of  age,  but  did  not  join  a 
church  till  twenty-three ;  was  Ijaptized  by  Rev. 
Wm.  Ayers,  in  June,  1839;  began  to  preach  in 
May,  1841,  and  was  ordained  in  March,  1842,  Rev. 
Wm.  Ayers  and  Rev.  Dwight  Hayes  forming  the 
Presbytery.  He  has  been  the  pastor  of  the  Antioch 
church,  in  Robinson  County,  N.  C,  for  thirty-eight 
years,  and  of  several  others  nearly  as  long.  lie 
was  moderator  of  the  Cape  Fear  Association,  the 
second  largest  in  the  State,  from  1850  to  1878,  with 
the  exception  of  the  sessions  of  1864  and  1865, 
when  he  was  absent  on  account  of  sickness.  In 
1870  he  became  general  superintendent  of  missions 
in  his  Association,  and  has  been  eminently  useful  in 
developing  a  missionary  spirit  among  the  churches. 
He  is  still  an  active  and  effective  minister. 

Lenox,  Judge  David  T.,  whose  parents  were 
Scotch  Methodists,  was  born  at  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  in 
1801.  He  was  baptized  at  Rushville,  111.,  in  1832, 
with  his  wife  (Miss  Louisa  Swan,  of  Lexington, 
Ky.).  He  organized  and  superintended  two  Sun- 
day-schools ;  he  removed  to  Missouri  in  1840 ; 
joined  the  Todd's  Creek  church  ;  was  clerk  of  the 
church  and  Association  until  1843,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Oregon,  and  located  on  the  Tualatin 
Plains;  found  five  other  Baptists  in  the  wilderness, 
invited  them  to  his  house  and  there  organized  the 
■West  Union  church,  the  first  Baptist  church  west 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  1852  he  spent  §1500 
of  his  own  money,  and  raised  §1200,  to  build  a 
church  edifice.     He  was  deacon  of  the  church.     He 


LEONARD 


685 


LESLIE 


was  district  judge  and  judge  of  Prol)ate  Court 
many  years.  In  185G  he  removed  to  Weston, 
Eastern  Oregnn,  wliere  he  closed  a  useful  and 
consecrated  life,  Nov.  4,  1873. 

Leonard,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  Raynham, 
Mass.,  Aug.  17,  180:2.  He  entered  Brown  Univer- 
sity and  graduated  in  1824.  He  studied  subse- 
quently at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  students  who  graduated  from 
that  seat  of  sacred  learning.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Salem, 
Ma-ss.,  in  August,  1826,  where  he  labored  until 
compelled  to  resign  on  account  of  ill  health.  On 
the  4th  of  July,  1830,  he  began  his  ministry  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me. 
Again  his  health  failed.  He  gave  up  all  ministerial 
work,  and  died  at  last,  Aug,  11,  1831,  in  Worcester, 
Mass.  If  Mr.  Leonard  had  been  blessed  with  good 
health,  and  had  lived  longer,  it  may  be  safely  jire- 
dicteil  that  he  would  have  taken  a  high  place  among 
the  alilest  ministers  of  his  denomination.  Both  the 
churches  be  served  revere  his  memory. 

Leonard,  Judge  John,  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 
O.,  Aug.  20,  1S2.5.  He  attended  Denison  Univer- 
sity, at  Granville,  0.  On  leaving  college  he  located 
in  Morrow  Count}',  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
was  elected  county  surveyor.  While  holding  this 
office  he  devoted  his  spare  time  entirely  to  the  study 
of  law,  and  in  1852  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Wooster,  Wayne  Co.,  0.  In  the  summer  of  1853 
he  came  to  Iowa,  and  settled  at  Winterset,  where 
he  opened  a  law-office,  and  gradually  built  up  an 
extensive  practice.  In  18<")2  he  was  elected  district 
attorney,  but  resigned  in  18G4.  In  January,  1874, 
he  entered  upon  his  duties  as  judge  of  the  Fifth  Ju- 
dicial District,  to  which  he  had  been  recently  elected, 
and  in  which  he  continued  to  serve  till  the  expira- 
tion of  his  terra  of  office.  He  is  an  earnest  and 
studious  reader,  especially  in  the  line  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  has  one  of  the  best  libraries  of  any 
lawyer  in  Southwestern  Iowa.  He  has  long  been 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  he  is  exem- 
plary and  faithful  in  his  life  and  church  relations. 
He  still  resides  in  Winterset,  where  his  home  has 
been  for  more  than  twenty-seven  years.  His  eldest 
son,  Byram  Leonard,  an  attorney  of  much  promise, 
a  man  of  sterling  Christian  worth,  and  an  earnest 
worker  in  the  Baptist  church  of  which  he  was  a 
valued  member,  died  in  1879,  in  his  early  manhood, 
and  in  the  midst  of  a  useful  life. 

Leonard,  L.  G.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Monson, 
Mass.,  .Ian.  I'l,  ISIO  ;  graduated  at  Newton  in  183G  : 
I  he  same  year  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Webster,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  nearly  seven 
years.  After  two  short  pastorates  in  Thompson 
and  New  London,  Conn.,  he  took  charge,  in  1848, 
of  the  Market  Street  church,  Zanesviltc,  0.  From 
1855  to  1863  was  pastor  at  Marietta.  0.,  where  he 


was  the  means  not  only  of  greatly  strengthening 
the  home  church,  but  was  instrumental  in  forming 
several  new  churches  in  the  surrounding  country. 
In  1863  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Lebanon, 
0.,  remaining  until  1872,  when  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Bucyros,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds. 

Dr.  Leonard  has  been  closely  identified  with 
Baptist  interests  in  Ohio.  For  thirty  years  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Denison 
University.  His  pastorates  have  been  long  and 
fruitful.  A  wise  counselor  and  a  faithful  toiler  for 
Christ,  he  has  received  during  his  many  years  of 
service  the  highest  esteem  and  ali'ection. 

Leslie,  Gov.  Preston  H.,  was  born  in  Clinton 
Co.,  Ky.,  March  8,  1819,  and  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  vicinity  until  the  age  of  sixteen. 
Upon  leaving  school  he  spent  a  portion  of  his  time 


GOV.  I'RESTOX    n.  LESLIE. 

upon  a  farm  near  Louisville.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
be  accepted  a  position  in  a  store  in  Clinton  County, 
and  shortly  afterwards  entered  the  county  clerk's 
office  as  a  deputy.  After  this  he  attended  a  school 
of  higher  grade,  and  applied  himself  to  study  with 
great  diligence,  committing  to  memory  the  whole 
of  a  text-book  on  logic  within  a  few  weeks.  When 
he  left  this  school  he  entered  the  law-office  of  Gen. 
Rice  Maxey,  since  Judge  Maxey,  of  Texas,  and 
father  of  United  States  Senator  S.  B.  Maxey,  of 
that  State.  In  1841  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
While  a  law-student,  or  just  before  he  began  the 
study  of  law,  he  professed  religion  and  joined  a 
Baptist  church,  and  from  that  time  made  the  Bible 


LESLIE 


686 


LETTERS 


bis  study  and  his  guide.  AVhen  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  he  formed  a  resolution  not  to  advo- 
cate knowingly  an  unjust  cause  for  any  considera- 
tion, and  he  determined  never  to  neglect  his  duty 
to  God  for  any  worldly  advantage  however  great. 
On  these  principles  he  began  the  business  of  life, 
and  it  is  believed  that  he  has  adhered  to  them  with 
unyielding  tenacity.  His  success  was  assured  from 
the  beginning.  From  1S42  until  18.33  his  residence 
was  upon  a  farm  on  Cumberland  River,  in  Jackson 
Co.,  Tenn.  Here  he  divided  his  time  between 
farming  and  his  profession.  A  few  years  later  he 
removed  to  Glasgow,  Ky.,  where  he  now  resides. 
He  was  first  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Monroe 
County  in  1844,  and  was  re-elected  in  1850.  He 
represented  Barren  and  Monroe  Counties  in  the 
State  Senate  from  18.31  to  18.55,  and  again  in  1SG7, 
occupying  the  speakers  chair  in  the  Senate  in 
1869.  On  the  resignation  of  Gov.  Stevenson  he 
became  governor  ex-officio  until  the  expiration  of 
the  term,  in  1871.  During  that  year  he  was  elected 
governor  by  the  extraordinary  majority  of  .37,156. 
In  tlie  discharge  of  his  duties  as  chief  niagistrate 
he  attained  a  national  reputation  for  diligence, 
wisdom,  arid  integrity.  At  the  close  of  his  term, 
in  1875,  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Glasgow  and 
resumed  his  legal  practice.  Gov.  Leslie  is  as  faith- 
ful to  his  church  as  to  the  State,  and  he  allows 
nothing  but  Providential  circumstances  to  detain 
him  from  public  worship  or  to  prevent  him  from 
taking  an  active  part  in  the  business  of  his  church. 
He  superintended  the  Sunday-school  at  the  Baptist 
church  in  Frankfort  while  he  was  governor,  and 
was  frei|uently  moderator  of  the  General  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Baptists.  The  State  and  the  Church 
alike  are  justly  proud  of  this  pure  statesman  and 
devoted  Christian. 

Leslie,  Rev.  Robert,  was  bom  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1838,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  the 
United  States  in  1851,  stopping  at  Chicago,  111., 
but  subsequently  locating  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
In  1856  the  family  again  removed  to  the  West,  es- 
tablishing their  home  this  time  at  Clinton,  Iowa. 
According  to  the  old  established  rule  among  the 
Scotch  Presbyterians,  the  parents  of  Mr.  Leslie 
designed  him  for  the  ministry,  and  while  yet  quite 
young  he  attended  for  some  time  the  Rev.  Dr.  An- 
drew Thomp.son's  school  in  Edinburgh.  The  con- 
version of  his  parents  to  Baptist  views,  and  their 
removal  to  the  United  States,  somewhat  modified 
and  changed  these  early  purposes  and  also  inter- 
rupted his  education.  Converted  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  he  made  a  profession  of  religion  in  1854, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Clinton, 
Iijwa.  After  his  union  with  the  church  he  prose- 
cuted, in  connection  with  his  father,  the  business 
of  architect  and  builder.  During  a  number  of 
years  he  had  a  painful  conflict  with  his  convictions 


with  reference  to  the  Christian  ministry,  which 
finally  culminated  in  his  happy  and  entire  conse- 
cration to  that  work.  He  wa-s  educated  at  the 
University  of  Chicago,  graduating  in  the  class  of 
1869,  and  at  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary, 
graduating  in  1870.  He  was  ordained  Oct.  12, 1870, 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Anamosa,  Iowa. 
He  was  subsequently  settled  at  Joliet,  III.,  and  in 
Waverly,  Iowa.  He  took  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Waukesha,  Wis.,  Aug.  1,  1870,  where  lie 
is  now  the  highly  esteemed  and  useful  pastor  of 
the  church  of  which  Dr.  Robert  Boyd  was  pastor 
emeritus  until  his  death.  Thoroughly  educated, 
fully  consecrated  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  sound 
in  his  views  of  truth,  and  the  pastor  of  one  of  the 
best  churches  in  Wisconsin,  Mr.  Leslie  has  before 
him  a  bright  and  most  promising  future. 

Lester,  James  S.,  was  born  in  Virginia :  is  now 
over  eighty  years  old  ;  was  a  soldier  against  the  In- 
dians and  Mexicans  in  Texas  in  1842 ;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  and  signed  the  declaration  of 
independence  of  Texas,  March  2,  1830 ;  lias  been  a 
consistent  Baptist  all  his  life  ;  a  trustee  of  and 
liberal  contributor  to  the  endowment  of  Baylor 
University ;  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Texas  at 
an  early  age,  and  lives  now  among  his  old  friends 
in  the  enjoyment  of  their  warm  regard.  He  is  one 
of  tlio  remarkable  men  of  Texas. 

Letters  of  Dismission  are  granted  to  members 
to  unite  with  other  churches  of  the  same  faith  and 
gospel  order.  A  letter  of  dismission  is  only  a  rec- 
ommendation to  the  brother  in  whose  favor  it  is 
granted.  Xo  church  is  obliged  to  receive  it  or  him. 
It  is  found  by  experience  that  a  letter  should  always 
be  adilressed  to  a  particular  church.  General  letters 
are  unfavorable  to  permanent  church  relations.  The 
letter  is  wisely  limited  in  time,  expiring  in  three, 
six,  or  twelve  months.  Until  the  accceptance  of  the 
letter  by  another  church  the  person  in  whose  favor 
it  has  been  issued  retains  his  membership  in  the. 
church  granting  it  unless  a  by-law  provides  other- 
wise. Authority  to  unite  with  another  church  ceases 
when  the  date  of  limitation  in  the  letter  is  passed. 
According  to  Baptist  usage  the  applicant  for  a  letter 
should  pay  his  church  dues,  if  he  is  able,  before  he 
receives  it.  After  receiving  his  letter  of  dismission, 
if  he  changes  his  mind  about  uniting  with  another 
community,  he  should  return  the  letter  to  the 
church  or  its  clerk.  While  retaining  the  letter,  and 
before  its  date  of  limitation  is  reached,  though  still 
a  member  of  the  church,  he  should  not  vote  at 
church  meetings  or  take  any  part  in  the  regular 
business  of  the  church. 

Every  Baptist  has  a  right  to  obtain  a  letter  to 
unite  with  a  regular  Baptist  church  unless  there  is 
a  charge  against  him.  And  this  privilege,  it  is 
believed,  would  be  sustained  by  the  civil  courts. 
And  for  the  same  reason,  if  a  member  is  excluded 


LEVER  ETT 


687 


LEVERING 


from  a  church  contrary  to  its  by-laws,  or.  if  it  has 
none,  against  the  usages  of  the  denomination,  the 
courts  would  order  his  restoration.  An  English 
authority  recently  makes  the  following  statement 
on  this  question:  "  The  courts  say  toa  church,  chapel, 
company,  club,  or  partnership,  Make  what  contract 
vou  please,  but  when  the  agreement  is  made  we  will 
see  that  it  is  kepi.''  There  is  no  reason  to  doubt 
but  that  this  is  the  law  in  every  State  of  the  Union 
for  every  association,  secular  and  religious,  legally 
holding  real  estate.  When  a  member  asks  for  a 
letter,  and  there  is  no  accusation  against  him  before 
the  disciplinary  committee  or  the  church,  unless 
some  grave  breach  of  duty  has  been  committed  no 
charge  should  be  brought  then.  Baptist  usage  re- 
quires the  clerk  of  a  church  receiving  a  letter  to 
notify  the  church  granting  it  that  the  brother  com- 
mended by  it  has  been  received  into  fellowship. 
Regular  Baptist  churches  do  not  grant  letters  of 
dismission  to  Pedobaptist  religious  communities. 
Neither  do  they  receive  letters  from  these  bodies 
except  as  testimonials. 

Form  of  a  Letter  of  Dismission. 
The  Baptist  church  of  to  the  Baptist 

church  of  

Dear  Brethren': 

This  is  to  certify  that is  a  member  with 

us  in  good  standing  and  full  fellowship ;  and  at  his 
own  request  he  is  hereby  dismissed  from  us  to 
unite  with  you.  When  received  by  you  his  con- 
nection with  us  will  cease. 

By  order  of  the  church. 

,  Church  Clerk. 

This  letter  will  be  valid  for  six  months. 

Leverett,  Prof.  Warren,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1805  ;  he  and  his  twin-brother,  Prof  Washiiigtun 
Leverett,  are  sons  of  William  and  Lydia  (Fuller) 
Leverett,  of  Brookline,  Mass.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
the  two  brothers  went  to  live  with  Samuel  Griggs, 
Esq.,  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Leverett's  second  husband, 
a  farmer  residing  in  Rutland,  Vt.  Ilere  they  re- 
mained until  they  reached  their  majority.  In  the 
mean  time  they  had  cxi>erienced  conversion,  and 
leaving  the  home  in  Vermont  that  they  might  pur- 
sue study  under  the  direction  of  their  eldest  brother. 
Rev.  William  Leverett,  of  Roxburv,  they  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Cambridgeport.  Sep- 
tember, 182S,  they  entered  Brown  University, 
graduating  in  1832.  For  a  time  the  brothers  were 
separated,  Wjishington  becoming  one  of  the  fiiculty 
of  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Warren  being  compelled  by  broken  health  to  travel, 
though  engaged  occasionally  in  teaching.  lie  re- 
moved to  the  West  and  opened  a  school  in  Green- 
ville, III,  and  successfully  carried  it  on  for  a  year 
and  a  half,  when  he  removed  to  Upper  Alton,  be- 
coming connected  with  Shurtleff  College,  and  re- 


maining in  that  service  until  1868.  He  died  at 
Upper  Alton  in  November,  1872.  Prof  Leverett's 
department  in  Shurtleff  College  was  that  of  ancient 
languages,  in  which  studies  he  was  a  thorough,  pro- 
ficient, and  an  admirable  instructor.  AVhile  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church  in  Cambridgeport  he  was  licensed 
as  a  preacher,  and  frequently  during  his  life  offi- 
ciated as  such  with  much  acceptance. 

Leverett,  Washington,  LL.D. — Some  account 
of  the  early  life  of  Washington  Leverett,  professor 
in  Shurtleff  College  during  so  many  years,  is  given 
in  connection  with  the  notice  of  his  twin-brother, 
Prof.  Warren  Leverett.  Washington  Leverett, 
after  two  years  spent  as  teacher  in  Brown  Univer- 
sity, and  in  Columbian  College,  AVashington,  D.  C, 
entered  at  Newton,  where  he  graduated  in  1836. 
Receiving  at  that  time  a  call  to  the  chair  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Shurtleff  Col 
lege,  he  accepted  it,  and  removing  to  Illinois  en- 
tered at  once  upon  his  duties.  This  post  of  service 
he  continued  to  fill  with  marked  acceptance  for 
thirty-two  years,  resigning  it  in  1868.  Since  that 
date  he  has  continued  his  connection  with  the  col- 
lege as  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  as 
librarian  and  treasurer.  It  is  justly  written  of  him 
that  "  as  a  teacher  he  was  eminently  successful,  and 
possessed  a  thoroughness  of  scholarship  and  real 
worth  that  never  failed  to  command  the  respect  of 
his  pupils,  and  which  has  endeared  him  to  a  large 
circle  of  warm  friends." 

Levering,  Judge  Charles,  associate  judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Allen  Co.,  0.,  was  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Wigard  Levering,  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  Roxborough,  in  Philadelphia  County, 
who  emigrated  to  this  country  from  Germany  in 
1685. 

He  was  born  in  Roxborough  township,  Dec.  8, 
1782. 

Mr.  Levering  received  the  common  rudiments 
of  an  English  education  at  the  district  school  of  his 
native  place. 

In  1805  he  indulged  a  hope  in  Christ,  and  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Roxborough 
Baptist  church,  of  which  he  was  elected  deacon 
March  24,  1821. 

On  Sept.  24,  1812,  he  was  married  to  Esther 
Levering,  eldest  daughter  of  Deacon  Anthony 
Levering,  of  Roxborough,  a  most  estimable  Chris- 
tian wife  and  mother. 

Mr.  Levering  was  a  patriot,  and  during  the  war 
of  1812-14,  although  he  was  major  of  a  regiment, 
yet  when  he  found  his  command  was  not  to  be 
ordered  into  active  service  until  after  six  months, 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Roxborough  Volun- 
teers, of  which  company  he  subsequently  became 
captain. 

In  1822  he  removed  into  the  district  of  South- 
wark,  and  united  with  the  Third  church  :  subse- 


LEVERING 


688 


LEVERING 


quentl^'  he  joined  the  Second  church,  diirinj;  the 
piistorate  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Kitts. 

In   183.5,  Mr.  Levering  removed  to  Allen,  now 
Auglaize  Co.,  0.,  soon  after  which  he  was  appointed 


JUDGE   CHARLES    I.EVERIXG. 

associate  jndge  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  that  county, 
which  po.'ition  he  held  for  several  years. 

lie  was  active  in  everything  pertaining  to  the 
success  of  our  denomination.  lie  was  a  constitu- 
ent member  and  deacon  of  tlie  Amanda  and  Wa- 
paukoneta  churches,  and  held  the  office  of  deacon 
in  the  latter  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Marcli 
14,  l.S()0.  His  remains  lie  in  a  country  cliureh- 
yard.  on  the  State  road,  about  five  miles  north  of 
Wapaukoiu'ta,  the  county  seat  of  Auirlaize  Co.,  0. 

Levering,  Eugene,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  April  24,  li>19.  lie  traced  his  family  for  seven 
generations  to  Rosier  Levering,  born  probably  in 
France  about  1600,  who  fled  to  Holland  or  Ger- 
many on  account  of  reliirious  persecutions,  and 
married  Elizabeth  Van  De  Walle,  of  Wesel,  West- 
phalia. They  had  two  sons, — Wigard  and  Gehard. 
The  former,  Eugene's  ancestor,  was  born  at  Gamen, 
Westphalia,  about  1048,  and  married,  in  1671, 
Magdalene  Bijker.  In  1685,  accompanied  by  his 
wife  and  their  four  children,  he  came  to  America 
and  settled  at  Gerraantown,  Pa.  In  1692  lie 
removed  to  Roxborough,  where  he  bought  500 
acres  of  land.  AVigard  and  his  wife  had  ten  chil- 
dren. Their  son  William,  of  the  third  generation, 
was  born  at  Mulheim,  in  Germany,  May  4,  1677, 
and  came  to  America  with  his  p.arents.  lie  died 
in   1746,  leaving  five  chihlren.     The   eldest,  Wil- 


liam, of  the  fourth  generation,  was  born  at  Rox- 
borough, August,  1705.  lie  married.  May  2,  1732, 
Hannah  Clement.  He  built  the  first  hotel  at  Rox- 
borough, now  known  as  the  "  Leverington,"  which 
he  carried  on  together  with  blacksiuithing  and 
farming,  liis  farm  embr.acing  250  acres.  He  died 
Marcli  30,  1774.  The  first  school-house  in  Rox- 
borough was  built  through  liis  exertions,  and  he 
gave  the  ground  for  it  in  1748.  It  is  now  called 
"The  Levering  Primary  School."  William  and 
Hannah  Iiad  nine  children,  one  of  whom,  Enoch, 
of  the  fiftli  generation,  was  liorn  in  Roxborough, 
Feb.  21,  1742.  After  conducting  his  large  tannery 
there  for  many  yeai's,  he  removed  to  Baltimore, 
Md.,  between  the  years  1773  and  1775.  Here  he 
entered  extensively  into  the  grocery  business.  He 
married  Mary  Righter,  and  died  aged  fifty-four. 
They  liad  nine  sons.  Peter  was  the  first-born. 
Enoch's  brotlicr,  Nathan,  born  in  Roxborough,  May 
19,  1745,  gave  the  lot  on  which  the  Roxborough 
Baptist  church  is  built,  and  superintended  its  erec- 
tion. This  church,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member,  met  at  his  residence  prior  to  the  erection 
of  their  house  of  worship.  He  also  gave  the  ground 
for  their  cemetery.  lie  was  father-in-law  to  H.  G. 
Jones.  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  David  Jones,  A.M.,  a 
famous  Revolutionary  chaplain.  Hon.  II.  G.  Jones, 
the  son  of  Dr.  Jones,  is  the  author  of  ''  A  Genea- 


EUGENE    LEVERING,  SR. 


logical  Account"  of  the  Levering  family,  from  which 
many  of  the  facts  of  this  article  are  taken.  Peter, 
of  the  sixth  generation,  was  born  in  Roxborough, 
Feb.  14,  1766,  and  removed  to  Baltimore  with  his 


LEVERING 


689 


LEVY 


parents,  where  he  became  engaged  in  the  shipping 
and  commission  business.  lie  married.  May  22, 
1798,  Hannah,  only  daughter  of  William  Wilson, 
of  the  firm  of  William  Wilson  &  Sons,  one  of  the 
most  extensive  shipping-houses  of  Baltimore.  They 
both  were  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Mr,  Levering  united  with  it  late  in  life,  but  was  a 
prominent  member  of  the  congregation,  and  his 
house  was  headquarters  for  the  denomination.  He 
died  Dec,  7,  1>>43.  Tliey  had  fourteen  children, 
Eugene  being  the  twelfth,  and  the  455th  descendant 
of  Rosier  Levering.  He  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
April  24,  1819,  After  spending  some  years  in 
preparation  in  private  schools  in  Baltimore,  he 
went  to  college,  but  his  health  compelled  him  to 
relinquish  his  intention.  At  an  early  age  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church, 
of  which  he  became  a  most  useful  member.  Sub- 
sequently he  l)ecame  a  valued  member  of  the  Sev- 
enth Baptist  church,  Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  pastor, 
of  whom  he  was  an  intimate  friend.  He  was  for 
many  years  the  treasurer  of  the  Maryland  Baptist 
Union  Association.  He  married,  Oct.  4,  1842,  Ann, 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Mary  E.  Walker,  of  Balti- 
more, and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Sater,  who  came 
from  England  in  17U9,  and  through  whose  liberality 
and  efforts  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Maryland 
was  formed.  They  had  twelve  children,  nine  of 
whom  are  now  living.  In  1842  he  commenced 
business,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Frederick 
A.,  who  married  Martha  E.  .Johnson,  grandnioce 
of  the  first  governor  of  Maryland.  Levering  &  Co. 
soon  became  a  leading  house  in  their  business,  and 
not  only  established  for  themselves  an  enviable 
reputation,  but  also  added  much  to  the  prosperity 
of  Baltimore.  In  1861,  when  the  war  began,  owing 
to  their  extensive  trade  with  the  Southern  States, 
where  they  were  unable  to  collect  their  debts,  they 
were  compelled  to  suspend  and  to  compromise  with 
all  their  creditors  for  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar.  But 
near  the  close  of  the  war,  so  successful  and  con- 
scientious were  they,  that  they  paid  the  entire  ol> 
ligation,  from  which  they  h;id  been  legally  released, 
with  interest,  amounting  to  ne.irly  $100,000,  In 
1866,  upon  the  death  of  his  brother,  Euirene  took 
into  partnership  with  him  his  sons  William  T., 
Eugene,  and  Joshua.  The  house  took  a  position  at 
the  head  of  their  special  trade,  and  has  been  greatly 
instrumental  in  making  Baltimore  second  in  im- 
portance in  their  brancli  of  business  in  the  United 
States,  Mr,  Levering  died,  after  an  illness  of  four 
months,  in  June,  1870,  He  left  $30,000  to  chari- 
table and  religious  objects.  He  made  his  three 
sons  his  executors,  and  left  them  in  charge  of  the 
business.  The  present  firm,  composed  of  his  sons 
William  T.,  Eugene,  Joshua,  and  Leonidas,  suc- 
ceeded the  old  firm  in  .January,  1875,  upon  the  set- 
tlement of  their  father's  estate.     It  is  the  largest 


house  in  their  business  in  Baltimore,  and  the  third 
or  fourth  in  the  United  States,  Eugene  is  presi- 
dent of  the  National  Bank  of  Commerce,  Following 
in  the  footsteps  of  their  fathers,  the  sons  are  living 
for  Christ,  being  active  in  church  and  denomina- 
tional matters,  and  being  also  among  the  largest 
contributors  to  the  cause  of  Christ  in  the  Baptist 
denomination  North  or  South.  Mr.  Levering's 
widow  survives  him.  She  and  her  children — eight 
sons,  one  daughter,  and  four  daughters-in-law — are 
all  members  of  the  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  church. 
These  children  are  left  to  testify  by  their  worth  of 
character  and  their  noble  deeds  to  the  true  princi- 
ples and  exalted  reputation  of  their  parents. 

Levering,  Franklin,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
March  9,  1811.  He  united  in  early  life  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Baltimore.  He  removed 
to  Clark  Co,,  Mo,,  and  united  with  Fox  River 
church,  and  organized  the  first  Sabbath-school  in 
the  county.  In  1843  he  located  at  Hannibal,  and 
entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  and  a  zealous  Christian,  given 
to  hospitality.  His  house  was  the  home  of  visiting 
ministers.  He  united  with  the  church  in  Hannibal, 
and  was  clerk,  deacon,  and  .Sabbath-school  super- 
intendent.   The  last  office  he  held  twenty-six  years. 

He  left  his  children  the  heritage  of  an  unblem- 
ished character,  and  was  held  in  the  highest  esteem 
as  a  citizen,  lie  died  July  26, 1870,  and  was  deeply 
mourned  in  the  church  and  in  the  community.  His 
daily  life  exemplified  the  beauty  of  holiness.  When 
dying  he  was  asked  if  he  wanted  anything,  he 
shook  his  head  and  replied,  "Jesus  is  coming," 
When  asked  if  he  had  any  message  to  leave,  he 
said,  "  Live  holy  lives," 

levy,  Edgar  Mortimer,  D,D.,  was  born  in  St, 
Mary's.  Ga.,  Nov.  23,  1822;  was  converted  when 
thirteen  years  of  age,  and  united  with  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  After  pursuing  studies  for  two 
years  in  a  private  classical  school,  he  spent  three 
years  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  studied 
theology  under  the  late  Rev.  Albert  Barnes:  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1843;  became  deeply  inter- 
ested in  the  subject  of  baptism,  and  after  a  year  of 
prayerful  study,  was  baptized  April  14,  1844,  by 
Dr.  G,  B,  Ide,  of  Philadelphia,  In  the  autumn  of 
1844  he  was  invited  to  supply  the  First  West  Phila- 
delphia church,  and  soon  after  became  pastor. 
After  fourteen  years  of  abundant  labor  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  South  church,  Newark,  N,  J,,  where 
he  remained  ten  years.  In  1868  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Berean 
church,  where  he  still  remains,  and  where  many 
have  been  gathered  into  the  church  under  his  . 
uiinistrations.  He  received  the  degree  of  D,I).,  in 
1865,  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  Dr.  Levy 
has  had  much  to  do  with  the  prosperity  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  West  Philadelphia. 


LEW 


690 


LEWIS 


Levy,  Capt.  John  P.,  was  born  in  St.  Mary's, 
Giu,  July  25,  ISO'J;  learned  tlie  trade  of  ship- 
carpenter,  and  on  completing  his  apprenticeship 
shipped  as  a  sailor  on  a  Liverpool  packet ;  was  soon 
made  comuumder  of  the  vessel,  and  spent  a  number 
of  years  in  seafaring  life.  At  length  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia,  and  established  the  well-known 
sliip-building  firm  of  Kcaney,  Ncafio  &  Levy,  which 
undertaking  was  attended  with  rapidly  increasing 
success.  Jn  the  spring  of  1855  he  was  baptized  by 
his  brother,  Rev.  E.  M.  Levy,  D.D.,  and  united 
with  the  First  church,  West  Philadelphia,  of  which 
his  brother  was  at  that  time  pastor.  lie  subse- 
quently became  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  es- 
tablishing another  interest  in  this  rapidly  growing 
section  of  the  city,  and  united  with  others  in  organ- 


CM'T.  .TOIiy    p.   LEW. 

izing  the  Herean  church.  The  beautiful'  nieeting- 
ho'use  of  this  church  was  secured  mainly  through  his 
munificentbenefactions,and  was  dedicated  free  of  in- 
cumbrance .June  2l2,  ISfiO.  As  a  thaiik-olTering  for 
continued  prosperity,  he  built  an  attractive  parson- 
age adjoining  the  sanctuary,  and  conveyed  it  to  the 
church,  together  with  an  annuity  of  §600.  Nor 
were  his  benefactions  confined  to  the  church  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  lie  was  a  man  full  of 
generous  impulses,  and  his  wealth  was  largely 
distributed.  lie  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  whither  he 
had  gone  to  recruit  his  feeble  health.  Dec.  2(i.  ISfiT. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Cadwallader,  LL.D.,  an  eminent 
scholar,  and  one  of  the  most  eloquent  pulpit  orators 
of  the  South,  was  born  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  5,  1811.     He  was  educated  by  his  father,  who 


conducted  a  classical  school  many  years  at  Llan- 
gollen, Va.,  but  finished  his  course  of  study,  which 
was  a  very  full  one,  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 
In  18:il  he  went  to  Kentucky,  and  taught  school 
in  Covington.  Tlie  following  year  he  took  charge 
of  the  preparatory  department  of  Georgetown  Col- 
lege. In  18-14  ho  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, but  his  health  failed,  and  he  located  on  a  farm 
in  Franklin  County,  where  he  has  lived  until  the 
present  time.  During  the  same  year  ho  made  a 
profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  Buck  Run 
Baptist  church,  near  his  home.  He  was  very 
soon  after  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  ordained  in 
1846.  He  was  invited  to  take  pastoral  charge  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Frankfort,  but  his  health 
would  not  admit  of  his  leaving  his  farm.  He  took 
charge  of  country  and  village  churches  conveni- 
ent to  his  residence,  preaching  one  Sunday  in  the 
month  to  each,  and  has  thus  employed  him.self  to 
the  present  time,  exce))t  when,  in  conse(iuence  of  a 
crushed  limb,  he  was  unable  to  travel.  lie  occupied 
the  chair  of  Theology  in  (ieorgctown  College  four 
years.  He  is  a  strong,  logical  writer,  and  exercises 
a  leading  influence  in  the  councils  of  the  denomi- 
nation in  his  State. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Charles  Casson,  son  of  Horatio 
and  Betsey  Lewis,  was  born  in  Stonington,  Conn., 
•lune  8,  1807;  became  a  sea-captain  ;  converted  in 
1842  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  J.  S.  Swan; 
joined  Third  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  Conn. ; 
began  preaching  at  Key  'West,  Fla.,  where  he 
|)lanted  a  church  and  was  ordained ;  afterwards 
settled  with  the  following  churches  :  First  Groton, 
Conn.  ;  Lisbury,  Mass.  ;  Second  Hopkinton,  Exeter, 
North  Kingstown,  Block  Island,  and  Lattery  Vil- 
lage, K.  I.  ;  and  Second  North  Stonington,  Conn. ; 
from  Block  Island  he  was  elected  to  the  senate  of 
Rhode  Island ;  was  a  man  of  fervor  and  power ; 
died  in  the  pastoral  office  with  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  North  .Stonington,  Conn.,  March  10, 
1S()4,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Daniel  D.,  was  born  in  Barn- 
stable, Mass.,  July  21,  JTT7.  lie  was  converted  in 
early  life,  and  joined  the  First  church  in  Portland, 
Me.,  then  composed  of  nine  members.  These  per- 
S(ms  were  full  of  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the  church 
soon  became  numerous  and  widely  influential. 

Mr.  Lewis  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  on  first  entering  the  ministry.  lie  was 
subsequently  pastor  of  the  Second  church  of  Prov- 
idence, R.  I.,  of  the  church  in  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  in 
Frankford,  Pa.,  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  in  Pater- 
son  and  Piscataway,  N.  J.  In  Piscataway  he  spent 
years  rich  in  divine  blessings,  and  from  it  he  en- 
tered the  "  general  assembly  and  church  of  the 
first-born,"'  Sept.  25,  1849.  He  delivered  his  last 
sermon  on  Sunday  evening,  and  died  on  the  follow- 
ing Tuesday. 


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691 


LEWIS 


Mr.  Lewis  was  an  able  preacher,  full  of  the  Spirit 
anil  Word  of  God,  and  a  successful  pastor  of  the 
churches  for  whose  welfare  he  labored.  lie  healed 
church  wounds,  built  up  disciples  in  the  gloi-ious 
doctrines  of  i;race,  led  throngs  of  converts  to  Jesus, 
and  enjoyed  the  warm  affection  of  large  numbers. 
His  memory  is  precious  still  in  the  churches  for 
whose  eternal  interests  he  employed  his  time  and 
talents,  and  his  fervent  prayers. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,  was  borij  in  Elllsburgh, 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  14,  1822,  where  he  was 
baptized  in  March,  1S33  ;  ordained  in  Lowell,  In<l., 
Jan.  18,  l.S(j(J ;  'labored  in  Indiana,  Illinois,  and 
Iowa ;  and  became  pastor  of  the  Aurora  Baptist 
church.  Neb.,  in  1878.  Mr.  Lewis  has  enjoyed  the 
divine  blessing  in  his  pastorates. 

Lewis,  Hon.  Henry  Clay,  of  Coldwater,  Mich., 
was  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  .'),  1820.  He 
has  resided  in  Coldwater  since  18-14,  where  he  has 
been  engaged  in  business,  first  as  a  merchant  and 
afterwards  as  a  banker.  He  is  president  of  the 
Coldwater  National  Bank,  and  has  been  mayor  of 
tlie  city.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church  nearly  twenty  years.  He  is  chiefly  known 
as  the  owner  of  an  art-gallery,  which  he  founded 
in  1868,  which  is  open  to  the  pulilic  without  charge. 
It  is  larger  than  any  other  art-gallery  on  this  con- 
tinent.    Mr.  Lewis  takes  great  pleasure  in  affording 


HON'.   HENKV    CI.AV    I.EHIS. 


enjoyment  to  others,  and  has  made  his  gallery,  in 
its  surroundings  as  well  as  in  itself,  lieautiful  and 
attractive,  and  a  most  important  clement  in  the 
educational  influences  of  the  city  of  Coldwater. 


Lewis,  Prof.  John  J.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  2.'),  ls4:i,  of  Welsh  Congregational  par- 
entage ;  entered  the  grammar  school  of  Madison 
Univer.sity  in  18.59:  entered  Madi.son  University, 
and  afterwards  Hamilton  College  (Clinton),  and 
was  there  graduated  in  1864;  Professor  of  Belles- 
Lettres  and  Elocution  in  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and 
I'olytechnic  Institute  from  1864  to  18C6.  In  the 
fall  of  1806  he  removed  to  Syracuse,  and  began 
preaching  in  a  small  mission  chapel ;  was  settled 
March,  1807,  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church, 
Syracuse  ;  was  very  successful,  the  increase  in  six- 
teen months  being  over  140.  In  18GS  he  became 
Professor  of  Belles-Lettres  in  Madison  University, 
which  position  he  still  retains,  to  the  great  satis- 
faction of  students,  alumni,  and  friends  of  the  in- 
stitution;  has  contributed  largely  to  the  press, 
many  of  his  articles  being  founded  on  his  travels 
in  -lapan,  Burmali,  India,  and  the  Orient. 

Lewis,  Rev.  John  W.,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished Baptist  ministers  of  North  Georgia,  was  born 
near  Spartanburg,  S.  C,  Feb.  1,  1801.  Educated 
at  a  classical  academy  near  Spartanburg,  he  studied 
and  practised  medicine  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  becom- 
ing a  skillful  and  popular  physician.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  of  that  town.  During  the 
years  1830  ami  1831  he  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  Legislature.  About  that  time  he  began 
to  preach,  and  was  ordained  in  1832.  He  removed 
to  Canton.  Ga.,  in  1830  or  1840,  becoming  pastor 
of  that  and  other  churches  in  Cherokee.  Ga.,  and 
acquiring  a  great  influence.  He  was  a  preacher  of 
much  force  and  energy  ;  a  strong  and  bold  defender 
of  the  faith  ;  an  able  expounder  of  the  Word,  and 
an  eloquent  advocate  of  the  truth.  A  man  of  fine 
practical  sense,  he  had  a  strong  mind,  and  was  a 
deep,  original  thinker.  lie  bad  a  benevolent  heart, 
and  was  steadfast  in  his  friendships.  He  had  ex- 
traordinary forecast,  and  managed  business  matters 
with  great  ability  and  success.  In  1857  he  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  the  State  road  by  Gov. 
Brown,  and  his  management  was  eminently  suc- 
cessful. During  the  war  he  served  in  the  Congress 
of  the  Confederate  States,  as  Senator,  with  great 
ability,  and  previous  to  the  war  he  served  in 
the  State  senate,  and  was  instrumental  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  tlie  Supreme  Court  of  Georgia.  His 
character  stood  extraordinarily  high  in  Georgia. 
A  man  of  firm  faith,  deep  piety,  and  unabated  zeal, 
he  won  many  souls  to  Jesus.  After  a  life  of  great 
usefulness,  ho  died  in  Cherokee  County,  in  .lune, 
186.i. 

Lewis,  Rev.  Lester,  was  born  in  SuffieUl. 
Conn.,  Oct.  1.'),  1817:  baptized  by  Rev.  Henry 
Jiickson,  D.D.,  and  united  with  First  Baptist  church 
in  Hartford,  Feb.  11,  1838:  studied  in  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  ;  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Agawam,  Mass.,  Oct.  7,  1840;  in  1846  began  to 


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labor  for  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention,  But 
soon  settled  with  the  church  in  Bristol :  in  1853 
became  piustor  of  the  church  in  Midilletown,  where, 
after  j;reat  success,  he  died,  Feb.  7,  ISoiS;  large- 
hearted,  sound  in  the  faith,  a  clear  and  forcible 
preacher,  fervent  in  prayer,  and  beloved  by  all 
who  knew  liiin. 

Lewisburg,  Pa.,  the  University  at.— In  the 
year  184'),  some  intelligent  Baptists  of  the  North- 
umberland Association  saw  the  need  of  higher  edu- 
cation for  their  sons  and  daughters,  under  the 
religious  auspices  of  their  own  denomination. 
Their  perception  of  this  need  at  first  took  form  in 
a  plan  for  a  first-class  academy.  The  natural 
beauty,  healthfulness,  and  economic  advantages  of 
the  borough  of  Lewisburg,  in  Union  Co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  in  the 
geographical  centre  of  the  State,  determined  the 
location  of  the  school  in  that  village.  Through  the 
Rev.  Eugenio  Kincaid  and  the  Ilev.  J.  E.  Bradley, 
Stephen  W.  Taylor,  who  had  recently  resigned  his 
professorship  in  Madison  University,  became  en- 
listed in  the  new  enterprise.  Under  the  principal- 
ship  of  Prof.  Taylor,  assisted  by  his  son,  Alfreii 
Taylor,  A.M.,  and  I.  N.  Loomis,  A.M.,  a  school 
was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1846  in  the  btwement  of 
the  Baptist  church,  since  destroyed. 

Prof.  Taylor  combined  prophetic  insight  with 
the  powers  of  a  rare  teacher,  and  saw  in  the  new 
school  the  germ  of  a  university.  Others  approved 
the  project  of  founding  at  Lewisburg  such  an  in- 
stitution as  would  meet  the  higher  educational  de- 
mands of  the  whole  State.  A  charter  incorporating 
"The  University  at  Lewisburg.  Pa.,"  w.as  approved 
on  the  5th  day  of  February,  1846,  with  the  follow- 
ing trustees:  James  Moore,  James  Moore,  Jr., 
Joseph  Meireell,  William  IL  Ludwig,  Samuel 
Wolfe,  Levi  B.  Christ,  Henry  Funk,  Joel  E.  Br.ad- 
ley,  Eugenio  Kincaid,  Benjamin  Bear,  William 
W.  Keen,  William  Bucknell,  Thomas  Wattson, 
James  M.  Linnard,  Lewis  Vastine,  Oliver  Black- 
burn, Caleb  Lee,  Daniel  L.  Moore. 

It  was  provided  in  the  charter  that  ground  should 
be  purchased  and  buildings  erected  when  $100,000 
had  been  raised,  that  a  fourth  part  should  be  per- 
manently invested  in  a  productive  form,  that  the 
property  should  not  be  mortgaged  or  debt  incurred 
under  any  pretext  whatever,  that  no  misnomer 
should  defeat  or  annul  a  grant  or  bequest,  and  that 
ten  acres  of  ground  with  improvements  .should  be 
exempt  from  taxation.  The  management  was 
committed  to  two  boards :  1st,  a  board  of  trustees, 
not  to  exceed  twenty  members,  all  of  whom  must 
bo  Baptists :  and.  2d,  a  board  of  curators,  not  to 
exceed  forty  members,  the  majority  of  whom  must 
be  Baptists.     Both  boards  are  self-perpetuating. 

The  subscription  of  S10(),000  was  declared  to  be  se- 
cured on  the  IVth  day  of  July,  1849,  through  the  ef- 


forts of  Drs.  Eugenio  Kincaid  and  William  Shadrach, 
who  traversed  the  State  soliciting  funds.  Previous 
to  this  a  tract  of  land  to  the  south  of  the  borough  of 
Lewisburg,  including  a  fine  bill  of  nearly  a  hundred 
feet  elevation,  covered  with  a  beautiful  natural 
grove,  and  commanding  extended  views  over  river 
and  valley,  had  been  secured  for  the  university.  In 
1848  an  academy  building  was  begun  and  nearly 
completed.  In  January,  1849,  the  trustees  feUjusti- 
fied  in  electing-  professors  for  the  college,  and  in 
commencing  a  college  building.  Two  graduates 
of  Madison  University,  the  Uev.  G.  W.  Anderson, 
A.M.,  editor  of  the  Christian  Chronicle,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Bliss,  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.,  were  appointed,  respectively,  to  the 
chairs  of  Latin  and  Greek.  Both  soon  afterwards 
began  their  labors,  the  students  of  the  academy 
and  the  college,  consisting  of  both  sexes,  reciting 
together  in  the  academy  building.  Prof.  Taylor  still 
acting  as  principal. 

In  1851  the  west  wing  of  the  college  building 
was  completed,  and  the  college  students  moved  into 
dormitories  and  studies  regarded  at  the  time  as 
"unsurpassed  in  pleasantness  by  tho.se  of  any  in- 
stitution." In  the  spring  of  this  year  Prof  Taylor 
resigned  his  position  to  accept  the  presidency  of 
Ma<lison  University,  but  remained  to  preside  at  the 
first  Commencement,  August  20,  1851,  when  a  class 
of  seven  was  graduated  in  the  chapel  of  the  acad- 
emy. It  is  but  just  to  the  memory  of  this  good 
man  and  great  teacher  to  quote  the  words  of  a  co- 
worker who  knew  liim  well :  "  AVithout  hira  it  is 
almostcertain  that  our  university  would  never  have 
existed,  and  existing  in  an  essential  measure  by  his 
agency,  it  is  well  for  us  that  that  agency  was  not 
only  earnest,  benevolent,  laborious,  and  pious,  but 
also  in  the  main  judicious  and  beneficial.' 

The  Rev.  Howard  Malcom,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia, 
an  alumnus  of  Princeton,  and  cx-president  of 
Georgetown  College,  had  been  chosen  president  of 
the  university,  and  Charles  S.  James,  A.M.,  a 
graduate  of  Brown,  and  Alfred  Taylor,  A..M.,  a 
graduate  of  Madison,  were  added  to  the  faculty  of 
the  college,  the  former  as  Professor  of  Mathematics 
and  Natural  Philosophy,  and  the  latter  as  Professor 
of  Belles-Lettres.  With  the.se  additions  began  the 
collegiate  year  1851-52.  The  college  now  became 
a  distinct  department  of  the  university,  the  academy 
became  gradually  a  preparatory  school  for  boys 
only,  while,  in  1852,  the  '•  University  Female  In- 
stitute'' became  a  separate  department.  A  theo- 
logical department  was  added  in  1855.  From  this 
point,  therefore,  we  may  consider  the  departments 
separately. 

THE    COLLEGE. 

The  presidency  of  Dr.  Malcom  continued  from 
1851  to  1857,  during  which  the  college  building  was 
completed,  consisting  of  a  main  building  80  feet 


THE    L'NIVERSITV    AT    I.EHISBLRG,    PA. 


LEWIS  BURG 


694 


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square,  of  three  stories,  for  recitation-rooms,  chapel, 
society  halls,  library,  cabinet,  and  Commencement 
Ilall,  and  two  wings,  each  120  feet  long  and  35  feet 
wide,  of  four  stories,  for  students'  study-rooms  and 
dormitories.  In  1S52  thesum  of  S45,00()  was  added 
to  tlie  funds  Vjy  a  few  friends  without  a  general 
canvass.  About  ?20,000  were  received  from  lands 
sold  from  the  original  campus,  leaving  finally  about 
twenty-six  acres  iis  university  grounds. 

Thus  established,  the  college  began  a  work  of 
incalculable  value  to  the  intellectual  and  spiritual 
progress  of  the  denomination  in  Pennsylvania.  On 
the  resignation  of  President  Malcom,  in  1857,  the 
Rev.  Justin  R.  Loomis,  Ph.D.,  who  had  been  called 
from  Waterville,  Me.,  in  1854,  to  fill  the  chair 
of  Natural  Sciences,  succeeded  him  as  president. 
Puring  twenty-five  years  President  Loomis  devoted 
his  best  energies  to  the  work  of  Vmilding  up  the 
college,  and  est.iblishing  the  youth  who  came  under 
his  moulding  hand  in  the  principles  of  a  deep 
Christian  philosophy.  The  invasion  of  Pennsyl- 
vania by  Lee's  army,  in  1863,  caused  the  closing 
of  the  college  during  a  campaign  of  six  weeks, 
officers  and  students  uniting  to  form  Company  A 
of  the  2Sth  Regiment  of  Pa.  Vols.  A  memorial 
tablet  in  Commencement  Hall  commemorates  the 
names  of  those  who  fell  in  the  war  for  the  Union. 
In  1864,  President  Loomis  increased  the  funds  of 
the  university  by  collecting  subscriptions  amounting 
to  $100,000.  In  1876  an  attempt  was  made  to  se- 
cure additional  endowment,  but  owing  to  other 
interests  in  the  field  the  effort  was  abandoned  after 
about  §20,000  had  been  promised,  mostly  in  private 
subscriptions  offered  by  a  few  liberal  friends. 

In  1879,  President  Loomis  resigned  the  ])rcsi- 
dency,  and  Prof  David  J.  Hill,  A.M.,  a  graduate 
of  the  college,  and  at  the  time  of  his  appointment 
Crozer  Professor  of  Rhetoric,  was  chosen  president 
of  the  university,  a  position  which  he  still  occupies. 

The  following  were  presidents  and  acting  presi- 
dents from  the  foundation  of  the  college  to  the 

year  1880 : 

PRESIDENTS. 
Elected.  Beslgned. 

1851.     Kev.  Howard  Malcom,  D  D.,  LL.D 1857 

1857.     Kev.  Justin  R.  Loomis,  Ph.D.,  LL.D 1879 

1879.    Ber.  David  J.  Hill,  A.M. 

ACTING   PRESIDENTS. 
Stephen  W.  Taylor,  LL.D.,  prior  to  ISol. 
R«T.  Geo.  B.  Bliss,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  during  1871-72. 
B«T.  FlSDCis  W.  Tustin,  Ph.D.,  for  six  months  in  1879. 

The  university  has  an  endowment  of  $121,000, 
and  property  worth  $117,000,  and  an  effort  is  now 
started  by  which  its  endowment  is  certain  to  be 
greatly  increased.     The  institution  has  no  debts. 

The  college  is  now  in  possession  of  a  fine  library 
of  nearly  10,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  about 
10,000  specimens  for  the  illustration  of  the  sciences, 
a  chemical  laboratory  and  apparatus.     There  are 


two  flourishing  literary  societies  with  libraries  of 
their  own.  They  publish  a  monthly  journal  called 
The  College  Herald.  There  is  also  a  "  Society  for 
Moral  and  Religious  Inquiry.''  There  are  two 
prizes  for  preparation  for  college  and  one  for  ex- 
cellence in  oratory  in  the  Junior  year.  Tuition  is 
free  to  the  sons  of  ministers.  The  expenses  range 
from  .$125  to  §250  per  annum. 

The  courses  of  study  have  expanded  greatly  since 
the  opening  of  the  college,  as  shown  in  compara- 
tive tables  published  in  "  A  Historical  Sketch  of 
the  University  at  Lewisburg,"  edited  by  0.  W. 
Spratt,  LL.B.,  in  1876,  and  printed  by  the  Society 
of  Alumni.  There  are  now  two  courses  leading  to 
a  degree  :  ( 1 )  The  classical  course,  of  four  years, 
leading  to  the  degree  of  A.B.,  and  (2)  the  Latin 
scientific  course,  leading  to  the  degree  of  S.B.  Both 
courses  have  been  brought  up  to  the  standard  of 
the  best  Eastern  colleges,  and  have  recently  given 
some  scope  to  the  optional  element.  Anglo-Saxon, 
American  literature,  comparative  zoology,  analyt- 
ical chemistry,  and  constitutional  law  have  been 
added  to  both  courses.  A  good  collection  of  en- 
gravings, heliotypes,  and  ca.sts  has  stimulated  the 
study  of  the  tine  arts,  and  illustrated  lectures  are 
given  to  the  Senior  class.  Lectures  on  Grecian 
history,  life,  and  literature ;  Roman  history,  life, 
and  literature;  medieval  history;  English  history 
and  literature  :  the  history  of  philosophy  ;  natural 
theology ;  .and  the  evidences  of  Christianity  are 
regularly  delivered.  The  introduction  of  a  short 
course  of  lectures  on  practical  ethics  and  hygiene 
for  the  Freshman  class  is  believed  to  be  distinctively 
peculiar  to  this  college.  The  government  is  thus 
based  on  ethical  ideas,  and  so  far  has  proved  that 
an  appeal  to  manhood  develops  it  and  secures  self- 
government. 

The  graduates  of  the  college  number  322.  Ilon- 
or.iry  degrees  have  been  bestowed  as  follows : 
LL.D.,  12;  D.D.,  36  ;  Ph.D.,  10;  A.M.,  52. 

Since  1851,  when  the  first  class  was  graduated, 
important  changes  bearing  upon  the  prosperity  of 
the  college  have  gradually  taken  place.  The  Phil- 
adelphia and  Erie  Railroad  runs  within  one  mile 
of  Lewisburg,  and  the  Lewisburg  and  Tyrone  Rail- 
road passes  through  it.  The  town  is  lighted  with 
gas,  and  contains  several  miles  of  well-paved  side- 
walks. A  new  church  edifice,  costing  nearly 
§60,000,  has  been  built  by  the  Baptists.  The 
natural  beauty  of  the  place  has  been  enhanced  by 
these  improvements,  yet  it  remains  a  quiet,  moral, 
and  rural  retreat  admirably  adapted  to  the  seclusion 
which  thorough  study  demands  for  the  young. 

THE   INSTITUTE. 

This  department  of  the  university  began  its  sep- 
arate organization  as  a  school  in  1852,  under  the 
principalship  of  Miss  Hadassah  E.   Scribner,  of 


LEWIS  BURG 


695 


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Maine,  who  retained  her  position  for  two  years. 
In  1854  two  young  ladies,  the  first  class  (jf  the  in- 
stitute, were  graduated.  At  this  time  all  the  teach- 
ers resigned,  and  Miss  Amanda  Taylor,  of  Easton, 
Pa.,  with  a  new  corps  of  assistants,  undertook  the 
work.  Strong  prejudices  existed  in  the  community 
against  the  liberal  education  of  women,  but  this 
was  gradually  overcome  by  persistent  effort,  and  in 
1S5S  fifteen  young  ladies  were  gnuluated  in  the 
presence  of  an  audience  of  15t>0  people.  Since 
then  classes  ranging  from  ten  to  twenty  have  been 
graduated  every  year.  In  1857  six  acres  of  a 
beautiful  grove  were  appropriated  for  a  suitable 
building  on  the  university  grounds.  The  building 
is  pleasantly  and  healthfully  located,  warmed  with 
furnaces,  and  lighted  with  gas,  and  it  will  accom- 
modate ninety  boarders.  In  1869  a  wing  was 
added,  at  the  cost  of  S10,000,  containing  rooms  for 
students  and  a  large  gymnasium,  which  has  been 
suitably  fitted  up. 

In  1863,  Miss  Taylor  resigned,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Miss  Lucy  AV.  Rundell,  of  Alden,  N.  Y. 
She  continued  her  work  ably  until  1869,  when  she 
was  succeeded  by  Miss  Harriet  E.  Spratt,  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Geo.  M.  Spratt,  D.D.,  and  a  graduate 
of  the  institute.  This  rare  Christian  woman  had 
already  spent  fourteen  years  in  the  school  as  a 
teacher.  She  continued  as  principal  until  the  Com- 
mencement of  1878.  A  few  months  later  she  ended 
a  career  of  extraordinary  usefulness  by  death, 
having  been  made  Emeritus  lady  principal  after 
her  resignation.  For  twenty-four  years  her,  life 
was  devoted  to  the  successive  classes  of  young 
women  that  passed  through  the  institute,  and  hun- 
dreds mourned  for  her  as  for  a  sister. 

In  1878,  Jonathan  Jones,  A.M.,  was  elected  prin- 
cipal, a  position  which  he  now  holds.  The  institute 
is  provided  with  an  able  corps  of  instructors,  who 
live  in  the  institute  building  and  make  it  a  school 
home.  There  are  five  courses  of  study,  ranging 
from  a  preparatory  English  course  to  a  full  classical 
collegiate  course.  The  young  ladies  recite  in  their 
own  building,  apart  from  the  young  gentlemen,  but 
atteml  the  lectures  of  the  college,  enjoy  the  use  of 
the  library  and  museum,  and  witness  the  experi- 
ments of  the  professor  of  natural  sciences.  There 
are  excellent  advantages  for  instruction  in  music, 
drawing,  crayoning,  and  painting.     The  graduates 

number  293. 

THE   ACADEMY. 

When,  in  1849,  the  college  emerged  into  a  dis- 
tinct department  of  the  university,  the  academy 
was  intrusted  to  the  principalship  of  Isaac  N. 
Loomis,  A.M.,  sharing  the  new  acailemy  building 
with  the  college.  This  arrangement  continued 
until  the  college  building  was  completed,  II.  D. 
Walker,  A.M.,  succeeding  Principal  Loomis  in 
1853,  and  George  Yeager,  A.M.,  following  in  1857. 


Isaac  C.  Wynn,  A.M.,  became  principal  in  1859, 
and  in  January,  1860,  the  academy  building  being 
use(^  then  solely  for  that  department,  it  was  fitted 
up  for  a  boarding-school  for  boys  and  young  men. 
Until  1868  the  academy  embraced  the  classical  pre- 
paratory classes  of  the  university,  but  in  that  year 
"The  Classical  Preparatory  Department"  was  or- 
ganized, with  Freeman  Loomis,  A.M.,  as  principal, 
the  academy  being  confined  to  English  branches 
only.  This  arrangement  continued,  the  English 
academy  having  in  the  mean  time  a  succession  of 
separate  principals,  until  1878,  when  the  depart- 
ments were  reunited  under  the  principalship  of 
AVilliam  E.  Martin,  A.M.  "The  Classical  Prepar- 
atory Department,"  from  1868  to  187S.  was  estab- 
lished in  the  west  wing  of  the  college  building. 

The  academy,  as  reorganized  in  1878,  is  a  thor- 
ough English  and  classical  school,  designed  to  pre- 
pare young  men  for  college,  for  business,  or  for 
teaching  in  the  common  schools.  The  students 
have  access  to  the  college  library  and  reading-room. 
When  prepared  they  are  admitted  to  the  college 
upon  the  certificate  of  the  principal,  without  exam- 
ination. Special  attention  is  given  to  English  and 
commercial  branches.  Many  improvements  have 
been  made  in  the  building,  rendering  it  a  pleasant 
home  for  boys.  Students  of  small  means  are  al- 
lowed to  board  in  clubs,  which  reduces  their  ex- 
penses considerably. 

THE   THEOLOGICAL   DEPARTMENT. 

The  charter  of  the  university  permits  the  estab- 
lishment of  any  professional  school  by  the  corpo- 
ration. A  school  of  theology,  however,  is  the  only 
department  of  this  kind  so  far  attempted.  This 
was  opened  in  1855  under  the  charge  of  Thomas 
F.  Curtis,  D.D.,  and  continued  during  thirteen 
years.  On  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Curtis,  in  1865, 
the  school  was  reorganized,  with  Lemuel  Moss, 
D.D.,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  and  Lucius  E. 
Smith,  D.D.,  as  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  and 
Pastoral  Theology,  Geo.  R.  Bliss,  D.D.,  being  con- 
tinued as  Professor  of  Biblical  Interpretation.  In 
1868  the  department  was  removed  to  Upland,  Pa., 
and  reorganized  by  the  family  of  the  late  .John  P. 
Crozer  as  "  The  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,'' 
under  a  new  corporation,  but  still  retaining  a  close 
connection  with  theuniversity  at  Lewisburg,  whose 
graduates  supply  its  classes  in  a  large  measure. 
While  at  Lewisburg  the  department  enrolled  38 
graduates.  These  have  been  received  and  enrolled 
among  the  alumni  of  the  Crozer  Seminary. 

Liberia. — The  people  of  Liberia  are  of  the 
African  race,  by  the  way  of  the  United  States. 
They  are  very  enterprising,  and  there  is  reason  to 
believe  that  the  providence  of  God  designs  to  ac- 
complish great  spiritual  good  for  the  country  of 
their  fathers  through  their  instrumentality.   There 


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are  26  Baptist  chui-ches  in  the  republic  with  ii  iiioiii- 
bership  of  about  2000.  At  the  last  meetini!;  of  "  The 
Liberia  Haptist  Association,"  in  December,  1S"9, 
a  considrrable  amount  of  prosperity  among  the 
churches  was  reported.  The  Providence  ehurch  in 
Monrovia  had  received  5(i  by  baptism,  the  Arthinj;- 
ton  church  24,  and  tlie  First  church  in  Edina  3'J  ; 
275  baptisms  were  reported  for  the  year. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Liberia  Baptist 
Association  tlio  members  agreed  to  form  anotlier 
Association  and  ;\  luitional  organization. 

Liberty,  American  Religious.— Mucii  lias 
been  said  and  written  about  the  originator  of  our 
religious  freedom.  Some  have  zealously  claimed 
Lord  Baltimore  as  its  author.  This  nobleman  was 
a  Roman  Catholic,  and  on  that  account  a  large 
amount  of  very  clear  evidence  is  necessary  to  estab- 
lish his  right  to  this  honor.  He  was  a  talented 
man,  with  many  of  the  qualities  of  a  statesman. 
He  knew  that  the  English  people  in  1(333,  when 
his  first  settlers  left  their  country  for  the  New 
World,  would  never  tolerate  a  colony  in  the  British 
dominions  where  the  Protestant  religion  was  ex- 
cluded, and,  as  a  matter  of  absolute  necessity,  he 
had  to  permit  its  existence  in  .Maryland.  lie 
deserved  no  credit  for  showing  common  sense. 
His  first  settlers  were  Catholics,  and  to  them  his 
colony  appealed  for  recruits ;  and  nothing  in  the 
history  of  Maryland  shows  him  to  be  an  unselfish 
friend  of  religions  liberty.  lie  simply  appears  as 
a  yielding  statesman  bending  to  the  necessities  of 
the  times. 

John  Leeds  Bozmans  "  History  of  Maryland" 
was  published  by  the  General  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1837.  It  is  derived  largely  from  "the 
written  memorials  which  then  existed  in  the  public 
archives  of  the  State,"  to  which  the  author  had  free 
access,  and  it  bears  tlie  authority  of  the  government 
of  Maryland.  In  1639,  Bozman  says,  "A  very 
short  bill  was  introduced  into  the  house  {the  Legis- 
lature), entitled  'An  act  for  church  liberties,'  and 
was  expressed  nearly  in  the  following  words : 
'//o/y  Church  within  this  province  shall  have  all 
her  rights,  liberties,  and  immunities  safe,  whole, 
and  inviolable  in  all  things.'  When  we  reflect  on 
the  original  causes  of  their  emigration  (the  col- 
onists of  Maryland),  we  cannot  but  suppose  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  those  in  whose  hands  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  province  was,  a  majority  of  wliom 
were  without  doulit  Catholics,  as  well  as  much  the 
greater  number  of  the  colonists,  to  erect  a  hier- 
archy, with  an  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  similar  to 
the  ancient  Church  of  England  before  the  Reforma- 
tion:'* "  Holy  Church"  is  the  Catholic  Church, 
and  this  was  but  the  entering  wedge  of  a  Romish 
persecuting  religious  establishment. 


*  History  of  Maryland,  ii.  107-9. 


Another  bill  of  the  same  session  provided,  that 
"  eating  flesh  in  time  of  Lent,  or  on  other  days, 
Wednesdays  excepted,  wherein  it  is  proliibited  by 
tlie  law  of  England,  witliont  case  of  infirmity,  to  be 
allowed  by  the  judge;  and  tlie  offender  shall  for- 
feit to  the  lord  proprietary  five  pounds  of  tobacco, 
or  one  shilling  sterling,  for  every  such  offence."! 
This  is  liberty  of  conscience  at  the  expense  of  a 
shilling,  or  five  pounds  of  tobacco,  for  each  indul- 
gence in  such  freedom.  In  1640,  Bozman  says, 
"  Theftrstofthe  arts  passed  at  this  session,  entitled 
'  An  act  for  church  liljcrty,'  is  nearly  verbatim  the 
same  as  the  first  section  of  the  second  act  of  the 
preceding  session;" J  that  is,  that  "Holy  Church 
within  this  province  shall  have  all  her  rights,  liber- 
ties, and  immunities  safe,  whole,  and  inviolable  in 
all  things;"  and  the  Catholics  of  Maryland  would 
probably  have  given  force  to  their  law,  and  erected 
a  persecuting  popish  estalilislied  church  in  their 
colony,  if  they  had  not  heard  the  commencing 
thunder  that  roared  with  such  fury  a  little  later  at 
Marston  Jloor  and  Naseby.  Their  church  act  was 
the  second  of  the  preceding  Legislature,  and  the 
first  of  this,  showing  tlieir  great  earnestness  on  the 
subject. 

Cromwell  wrought  wonders  in  England ;  the 
Church  was  completely  overthrown,  Satan  was 
as  popular  in  Great  Britain  as  a  Catholic,  and 
Lord  Baltimore,  certain  to  lose  his  province  un- 
less he  suited  his  sails  to  the  fierce  hurricane 
then  raging,  at  onee  appointed  a  Protestant  gov- 
ernor (Stone)  instead  of  Gov.  Greene,  a  Catholic  ; 
he  also  appointed  a  Protestant  secretary  of  the 
province  and  a  Protestant  majority  in  the  council. 
Bozman,  speaking  of  the  change,  says,  "  In  this 
measure  of  his  lordship  we  discern  ike  t-ommence- 
meiif  of  that  general  toleration  of  all  sects  of  re- 
ligion which  prevailed  under  the  early  provincial 
government  of  Maryland. "J  No  principle  of  tol- 
eration required  Baltimore  to  place  Protestants  at 
the  head  of  his  government.  He  certainly  did  not 
love  Protestantism  at  this  very  time,  for  he  required 
Gov.  Stone  to  take  the  following  as  a  part  of  his 
official  oath  ;  "  And  I  do  further  swear  that  I  will 
not,  by  myself  nor  any  person  directly  or  indirectly, 
trouble,  molest,  or  discountenance  any  person  what- 
soever in  the  said  province  professing  to  believe  in 
Jesus  Christ,  and  in  particular  no  Roman  Catholic 
for  or  in  respect  of  his  or  her  relicjion,  nor  in  his 
or  her  free  exercise  thereof  within  the  said  prov- 
i/tce:'\\  A  councillor  had  to  take  the  same  oath. 
It  certainly  was  not  love  for  the  men  or  their  re- 
ligion that  led  Baltimore  to  make  his  new  appoint- 
ments. It  was  "  an  enlightened  measure  of  state 
policy"  to  save  his  province  from  Cromwell. 

With  this  change  in  the  rulers  of  Maryland  his 


t  Idem,  137. 
g  Idem,  336. 


J  Idem,  174. 

II  Idem,  G48,  note  Ixi, 


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lordship  proposed,  and  his  Legislature  enacted,  a 
law  with  the  following  clauses  in  it:  "  Whatsoever* 
person  or  persons  within  tiiis  province  and  tlie 
islands  thereunto  belongini^  shall  from  henceforth 
blaspheme  Uod,  tliat  is,  curse  him,  or  shall  deny 
our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  to  be  the  Son  of  God,  or 
shall  deny  the.  Holy  Trinity,  the  Father,  Son,  and 
Holy  Ghost,  or  the  Godhead  of  any  of  the  said  three 
persons  of  the  Trinity,  or  tlie  unity  of  the  Godhead, 
or  shall  use  or  utter  any  reproachful  speeches, 
words,  or  language  concerning  the  Holy  Trinity, 
or  any  of  the  said  three  persons  thereof,  shall  be 
punished  with  death  and  confiscation  or  forfeiture 
of  all  his  or  her  land  and  goods  to  the  lord  pro- 
prietary anil  his  heirs."  ''  Whatsoever  person  or 
persons  shall  from  henceforth  use  or  utter  any 
reproachful  toords  or  speeches  concerning  the  blessed 
Virgin  Mary,  the  mother  of  our  Saviour,  or  the  holy 
apostles  or  evangelists,  or  any  of  them,  shall  in 
such  case  for  the  first  offence  forfeit  to  the  said  lord 
proprietary,  and  his  heirs  lords  proprietaries  of 
this  province,  the  sum  of  j£5  sterling,  or  the  value 
thereof,  to  be  levied  on  the  goods  and  chattels  of 
every  such  person  so  offending ;  Imt  in  case  such 
offender  or  offenders  shall  not  then  have  goods  and 
chattels  sufficient  for  the  satisfying  of  sucli  forfeit- 
ure, or  that  the  same  bo  not  otherwise  speedily  satis- 
fied, then  such  offender  or  offenders  shall  he  publicly 
whipped,  and  be  imprisoned  during  the  pleasure  of 
the  Iwd  proprietary,  or  the  lieutenant  or  chief  gov- 
ernor of  this  province."  For  the  second  offense 
the  fine  is  £10,  or  a  public  and  severe  wJiipping, 
and  imprisonment  as  for  the  first.  For  the  third 
offense,  the  forfeiture  of  all  lands  and  goods,  and 
expulsion  from  the  province.  A  subsequent  part  of 
the  same  law  says,  "  Except  as  in  the  act  is  before 
declared  and  set  forth,  no  person  or  persons  what- 
soever within  this  province,  or  the  islands,  ports, 
harbors,  creeks,  or  havens  thereunto  belonging, 
professing  to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  shall  from 
henceforth  be  anyways  troubled,  molested,  or  dis- 
countenanced for  or  in  respect  of  his  or  her  religion, 
nor  in  the  free  exercise  thereof  within  this  province, 
or  the  islands  thereunto  belonging,  nor  any  way 
compelled  to  the  belief  or  exercise  of  any  other  re- 
ligion against  his  or  her  consent."  The  penalty 
for  breaking  this  enactment  is  "  treble  damages  to 
the  party  wronged,"  and  a  fine  of  20*.  ;  and  in 
case  of  failure  to  pay  the  fine,  a  severe  public 
whipping,  and  imprisonment  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  proprietary  or  his  governor.  This  is  the  cele- 
brated toleration  law  of  Lord  Baltimore  for  which 
liis  liberality  has  been  lauded  extravagantly,  and 
for  which  Catholics  have  been  represented  as  the 
first  founders  of  religious  liberty  on  this  continent. 
The  act  was  passed  in  the  end  of  April,  1649,  and 
Charles  I.  was  executed  three  months  before. ,  This 


*  History  of  Maryland,  CC2,  663,  note. 


event,  and  the  motives  that  prompted  it,  and  the 
men  whom  they  governed,  account  wholly  for  Lord 
Baltimore's  liberality.  Tlie  toleration  was  partial 
and  poor.  Those  who  denied  the  Trinity — -all  Jews, 
Unitarians,  and  Arians — were  condemned  to  death. 
The  gallows  was  the  liberty  it  gave  them.  Respect 
for  the  Virgin  Mary  was  encouraged  by  fines  and 
whippings,  and,  in  obstinate  cases,  by  the  loss  of 
all  property,  and  by  exile.  There  was,  indeed, 
some  liberty  in  this  law,  accompanied  by  cruel 
and  wicked  limitations ;  and  for  this  liberty  no 
thanks  are  due  to  Lord  Baltimore  or  his  Maryland 
Catholics. 

Bozman,  in  another  workf  published  in  1811, 
truly  says,  "  In  most  of  the  States  the  penalties  of 
the  common  law  in  matters  of  religion  still  subsist. 
The  bloody  statutes  also  of  some  of  them  only  sleep. 
Not  being  repealed,  they  are  liable  to  be  called  up 
into  action  at  any  moment  when  either  superstition 
or  fanaticism  shall  perceive  a  convenient  time  for 
it.  What  .Tew,  Socinian,  or  Deist,  possessing  a 
sound  mind,  woidd  venture,  in  the  Stale  of  Maryland 
for  instance,  to  open  his  lips  in  defence  of  his  own 
religion .?"  Even  in  1811  the  statute  book  of  Mary- 
land contained  cruel,  persecuting  enactments  ;  and 
only  by  asserting  what  is  flagrantly  untrue  can  the 
Baptist  State  be  robbed  of  her  just  glory  to  bestow 
it  upon  the  founder  of  Maryland,  or  upon  his  colony. 

The  "  Colonial  Records  of  Rhode  Island"  were 
published  by  order  of  the  Legislature  in  1856,  and 
in  them  we  learn  that  Roger  Williams  landed  on 
the  site  of  Providence  in  the  month  of  May  or 
early  in  June,  163t),  and  that  bo  and  his  friends 
on  their  "  first  coming  thither  did  make  an  order 
that  no  man  should  be  molested  for  his  conscience," 
even  though  he  was  an  Israelite,  a  Unitarian,  or 
an  infidel.  And  a  woman  had  her  religious  free- 
dom protected  by  the  same  law.  In  August,  1636, 
the  celebrated  compact  was  entered  into  and  signed 
at  Providence,  by  which  its  jieople  "subjected 
them.selves  in  active  and  passive  obedience  to  all 
such  orders  or  agreements  as  shall  be  made  for 
public  good  of  the  body  in  an  orderly  way,  by  the 
major  consent  of  the  present  inhabitants,  masters 
of  families,  incorporated  together  in  a  Town  fel- 
lowship, and  others  whom  they  shall  admit  unto 
them,  in  civil  things  only."  No  laws  for  favoring 
or  prohibiting  any  form  of  religion  were  to  be  en- 
acted. On  the  21st  of  May,  1637,  Joshua  Verin 
was  sentenced  to  lose  the  right  of  voting  "  for  re- 
straining the  liberty  of  conseionco"  of  his  wife. J 
On  the  27 th  of  May,  1640,  among  certain  proposals 
agreed  upon  at  Providence  to  form  a  government, 
these  words  are   found:  "We  agree,  as  formerly 


t  A  Sketch  of  the  History  of  Marylnni),  during  the  Three  First 
Tenra  after  its  Settlement,  p.  374.    Riilttmore,  1811. 

I  ri>loniul  Reconls  of  Kliudo  Island,  iiriuteU  by  order  of  the  Leg- 
islature, i.  13,  14, 16.    1S56. 


46 


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have  been  the  liberties  of  the  town,  so  still,  to  hold 
forth  lilierty  of  conscience."* 

The  first  charter  of  Uhoilc  Island  was  signed 
March  14,  1643.  and  adopted  in  the  colony  in  May, 
1647.  Arnold,  in  his  "History  of  Rhode  Island,'' 
truly  says,  "  The  use  of  the  word  civil  is  every- 
where prefixed  (in  the  charter)  to  the  terms  '  gov- 
ernment' or  '  laws'  wherever  they  occur  ...  to 
restrict  the  operation  of  the  charter  to  purely  politi- 
cal concerns.  In  this  apparent  restriction  there  lay 
concealed  a  boon  of  freedom  such  as  man  had  never 
known  before.  They  (Rhode  Islanders)  held  them- 
selves accountable  to  God  alone  for  their  i-eligious 
creed,  and  no  earthly  power  could  bestow  on  them 
aright  which  they  held  from  heaven.  .  .  .  At  their 
own  request  their  powers  were  limited  to  civil  mat- 
ters."\  The  first  instrument  of  government  in  the 
world's  history  disavowing  all  right  to  make  laws 
for  or  against  religion,  and  thereby  giving  the 
widest  religious  liberty,  w^as  adopted  in  Rhode 
Island  two  years  before  Lord  Baltimore's  bigoted 
toleration  act  was  passed  in  Maryland.  After 
making  a  code  of  laws  for  the  civil  affairs  of  the 
colony  occur  these  striking  words  :  "  These  are  the 
laws  that  concern  all  men,  and  these  are  the  penal- 
ties for  the  transgression  thereof,  which  by  com- 
mon consent  are  ratified  throughout  the  whole 
colony ;  and  otherwise  than  thus  what  is  herein 
forbidden  [non-religious  crimes  only),  all  men  may 
walk  as  their  consciences  persuade  them,  every  one 
in  the  name  of  his  God.  And  let  the  saints  of  the 
Most  High  walk  in  this  colony,  without  molesta- 
tion, in  the  name  of  Jehovah  their  God,  for  ever 
and  ever,"  I  etc. 

Roger  Williams  gives  a  striking  view  of  liberty 
of  conscience  iu  his  letter  to  the  town  of  Providence 
in  1654.  "  It  hath  fallen  out,"  says  he,  "  sometimes 
that  both  Papists  and  Protestants,  Jews  and  Turks, 
may  be  embarked  in  one  ship,  upon  which  sup- 
posal  I  affirm  that  all  the  liberty  of  conscience  that 
I  ever  pleaded  for  turns  upon  these  two  hinges: 
that  none  of  the  Papists,  Protestants,  Jews  or 
Turks,  be  forced  to  come  to  the  ship's  prayers  or 
worship,  nor  compelled  from  their  own  particular 
prayers,  if  they  practise  any."§  In  the  charter  of 
1663,  inspired  by  their  convictions  and  their  Bap- 
tist agent  in  London,  it  is  written,  "  iVo  person 
within  the  said  colony,  at  any  time  hereafter,  shall 
be  anywise  molested,  punished,  disquieted,  or  called 
in  question  for  any  difference  of  opinion  in  matters 
of  religion.'' II  Even  the  Quakers,  as  may  be  seen 
in  '■  Laws  agreed  upon  in  England  by  the  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  (William  Penn)  and  Divers  Free- 
men thereof,"  restrict  their  legal  toleration  to  "  all 
persons    who   confess    and    acknowledge  the   one 

*  Colonini  Records  of  Bhode  Island,  i.  28. 

t  Histury  of  Rhode  Island,  i.  200.  I  Idem,  201. 

J  Idem,  255.  I  Idem,  292. 


almighty  and  eternal  God  to  be  the  creator,  up- 
holder, and  ruler  of  the  world."**  The  Baptists  of 
Rhode  Island  had  no  laws  upon  religion,  the  greatest 
infidel  of  the  human  race  carried  no  legal  stigma 
in  that  colony  for  his  opinions  from  its  first  set- 
tlement by  our  Baptist  fathers;  it  had  the  only 
government  in  the  world  where  religion  was  en- 
tirely free.  Maryland's  mean  toleration  was  not 
freedom  of  conscience,  except  for  certain  classes, 
and  poor  as  it  was,  Rhode  Island  gave  full  liberty 
thirteen  years  sooner.  In  1789,  Washington,  at 
the  request  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  reconiinendcd 
to  Congress  that  amendment  to  our  national  Con- 
stitution which  says,  "Congress  shall  make  no  law 
respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  pro- 
hibiting the  free  exercise  thereof"'  It  was  through 
their  influence  that  grand  article  was  added  to  our 
great  instrument  of  government.tt  The  religious 
liberties  of  our  country  were  first  established  in 
Rhode  Island  by  our  Baptist  fathers,  and  only 
through  Baptist  channels  have  the  nations  of  the 
earth  learned  soul  freedom. 

Liberty  of  Conscience  among  the  English 
Baptists  before  the  Publication  of  "The 
Bloudy  Tenent"  of  Roger  Williams.— In  losg, 
as  Crosby  states.  Dr.  Some,  a  man  of  great  reputa- 
tion in  England,  wrote  a  work  against  certain 
prominent  Puritans,  whom  he  compares  in  some 
things  to  the  Anabaptists.  In  his  book  he  repre- 
sents the  Anabaptists  as  holding,  among  their  doc- 
trines, that  ministers  of  the  gospel  ought  to  be 
maintained  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the 
people,  and  that  the  civil  power  has  no  right  to 
make  and  impose  ecclesiastical  laws.  This  is  the 
great  Baptist  doctrine  of  soul  liberty,  the  proclama- 
tion of  which  about  fifty  years  later  has  given  un- 
dying fame  to  the  illustrious  founder  of  Rhode 
Island.  These  men  in  dem.anding  that  religion 
should  be  completely  delivered  from  state  patron- 
age and  persecution  were  the  successors  of  a  line 
of  Baptists  who  claimed  the  same  privileges  in 
every  Christian  age  up  to  the  Teacher  of  Galilee. 
Leonard  Busher,  a  citizen  of  London  and  a  Baptist, 
presented  to  James  I.  and  to  Parliament  his  "  Re- 
ligious Peace,  or  a  Plea  for  Liberty  of  Conscience," 
and  published  it  in  pamplilet  form  in  1614.  The 
work  of  Mr.  Busher  is  both  able  and  eloquent, 
and,  considering  his  times,  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able productions  ever  printed.     He  says, — 

"  Kings  and  magistrates  are  to  rule  temporal 
affairs  by  the  swords  of  their  temporal  kingdoms, 
and  bishops  and  ministers  are  to  rule  spiritual 
affairs  by  the  Word  and  Spirit  of  God,  the  sword  of 
Christ's  spiritual  kingdom,  and  not  to  intermeddle 

**  Minutes  of  Provinciiil  Council  of  Pennsylvania,  p.  41.  Pub- 
lished l>y  the  St^ite.    Philadelphia,  18^2. 

ti"  Calhcart's  Baptists  and  the  American  Revolution,  pp.  97-111. 
Philadelphia,  1876. 


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one  with  another's  authority,  office,  and  function." 
Again,  "  All  those  bishops  that  force  princes  and 
people  to  receive  their  faith  and  discipline  by  per- 
secution do,  with  Judas,  go  against  Christ  in  his 
members,  with  swords,  staves,  and  halberds,  who, 
seeing  God's  Word  will  not  help  thcni,  betake 
themselves  with  all  haste  and  hazard  unto  the  au- 
thority of  the  king  and  magistrate."  Again,  "It 
is  not  only  unmerciful,  but  unnatural  and  abomi- 
nable, yea,  monstrous,  for  one  Christian  to  vex  and 
destroy  another  for  difference  and  questions  of  re- 
ligion." Again,  "  Neither  suffer  the  bishops  with 
persecution  to  defend  their  f;iith  and  church  against 
their  adversaries.  If  they  have  not  anything  from 
God's  Word  against  us,  let  them  yield  and  submit 
themselves.  If  they  think  they  have  anything 
against  us,  let  them  betake  themselves  only  to 
God's  Word,  both  in  word  and  writing."  Again, 
"By  persecution  arc  the  Jews,  Turks,  and  Pagans 
occasioned  and  encouraged  to  persecute  likewise  all 
such  as  preach  and  teach  Christ  in  their  dominions; 
for  if  Christian  kings  and  magistrates  will  not  suf- 
fer Christians  to  preach,  and  preach  the  gospel  of 
Christ  freely  and  peaceably  in  their  dominions,  how 
could  you  expect  it  of  the  infidels?  .  .  .  Ami  the 
king  and  Parliament  may  please  to  permit  (liberty 

to)  .\LL  SORTS  OF  CHRISTIANS  ;  YEA,  (to)  JeWS,  TuRKS, 

AND  Pagans,  so  long  as  they  are  peaceable  and  no 
malefactors,  as  is  above  mentioned."  This  is  the 
true  liberty  for  which  our  denomination  has  al- 
ways contended, — liberty  of  conscience  for  all  man- 
kind. Busher  says,  "  Persecution  for  difference  in 
religion  is  a  monstrous  and  cruel  beast,  that  de- 
stroyeth  both  prince  and  people,  hindereth  the  gos- 
pel of  Christ,  and  scattercth  his  disciples  that  wit- 
ness and  profess  his  name.  But  permission  (liberty) 
of  conscience  in  difference  of  religion  saveth  both 
prince  and  people:  for  it  is  a  meek  and  gentle 
lauib,  which  not  only  furthereth  and  advauceth 
the  gospel,  but  also  fostereth  and  cherisheth  those 
that  profess  it."*  Leonard  Busher  delivered  a  noble 
testimony  for  liberty  and  truth. 

Ilis  work  was  speedily  followed  by  another 
treatise  on  the  same  subject,  entitled  "  Persecution 
for  Religion  Judged  and  Condemned."  It  was  pub- 
lished in  1615  "by  Christ's  unworthy  witnesses, 
his  majesty's  faithful  subjects,  commonly,  but 
falsely,  called  Anabaptists."  No  writer  in  the 
nineteenth  century,  in  Europe  or  America,  has  a 
clearer  conception  of  religious  liberty  than  the 
author  of  this  book.  He  says,  "  The  power  and 
authoi'ity  of  the  king  are  earthly,  and  God  hath 
commanded  me  to  submit  to  all  ordinances  of  man, 
and  therefore  I  have  faith  to  submit  to  what  or- 
dinance of  man  soever  the  king  commands:  if  it  be 
a  human  ordinance,  and  not  against  the  manifest 

*  **  Relipions  Pence,"  in  Tracls  on  Liberty  of  Conscience,  Haoserd 
Knollys  Socict.v,  pp.  23,  24,  25, 33,  41.     London,  1816. 


Word  of  God,  let  him  require  what  he  will,  I  must 
of  conscience  obey  him  with  my  body,  goods,  and 
all  that  I  have.  But  my  soul,  wherewith  I  am  to 
worship  God,  beloiigeth  to  another  King,  whose 
kingdom  is  not  of  this  world,  whose  people  must 
come  willinglj',  whose  weapons  are  not  carnal  but 
spiritual.''  Again,  "The  whole  New  Testament 
throughout,  in  all  the  doctrines  and  practices  of 
Christ  and  his  disciples,  teaches  no  such  thing  as 
compelling  men  by  persecutions  to  obey  the  gospel, 
but  the  direct  contrary."  Again,  "  I  unfeignedly 
acknowledge  that  God  hath  given  to  magistrates  a 
sword  to  cut  off  wicked  men,  and  to  reward  well- 
doers. But  this  ministry  is  a  worldly  ministrj-, 
their  sword  is  a  worldly  sword,  their  punishments 
can  extend  no  further  than  the  outward  man  :  they 
can  but  kill  the  body.  And  thei'efore  this  ministry 
and  sword  are  appointed  only  to  punish  the  breach 
of  worldly  ordinances,  which  is  all  that  God  hath 
given  to  any  mortal  man  to  punish."  Again, 
"  Christ's  kingdom  is  spiritual,  his  laws  are  spir- 
itual, the  transgressions  are  spiritual,  the  punish- 
ment is  spiritual,  everlasting  death  of  soul,  his 
sword  is  spiritual ;  no  carnal  or  worldly  weapon  is 
given  to  the  supportation  of  his  kingdom.  The 
Lawgiver  himself  hath  commanded  that  the  trans- 
gressors of  these  laws  should  be  let  alone  until  the 
harvest,  because  he  knows  that  they  that  are  now 
tares  may  hereafter  come  to  repentance  and  become 
wheat."  Again,  "  Magistracy  is  a  power  of  this 
world  ;  the  kingdom,  power,  subjects,  an<l  means 
of  publishing  the  gospel  are  not  of  this  world." 
Again,  "  But  if  I  defend  the  authority  of  Clu-ist 
Jesus  over  men's  souls,  which  appeitainetb  to  no 
mortal  man,  then  know  you  that  whosoever  would 
rob  him  of  that  honor,  which  is  not  of  this  world, 
he  will  tread  them  underfoot.  Earthly  authority 
belongeth  to  earthly  kings,  but  spiritual  authority 
belongeth  to  that  one  spiritual  King,  who  is  King 
of  kings.  ...  I  have  showed  you  hy  the  law  of 
Christ  that  your  course  is  most  wicked,  to  compel 
any  by  persecudon  to  perform  any  service  to  God, 
as  you  pretend."! 

The  Anabaptists  presented  James  I.  a  petition 
in  1620  pleading  for  liberty  of  conscience  and  de- 
liverance from  persecution.  The  soul  freedom,  so 
dear  to  Baptists  in  all  ages,  is  conspicuous  in  this 
"  Supplication."  The  writer  of  this  document  says, 
"  The  vileness  of  persecuting  the  body  of  any  man, 
only  for  cause  of  conscience,  is  against  the  Word  of 
God  and  law  of  Christ."  Again,  "Oh,  be  pleased 
to  consider,  why  you  should  persecute  us  for  hum- 
bly beseeching  you,  in  the  words  of  the  King  of 
kings,  to  give  unto  God  the  things  which  are  God's, 
which  is  to  be  Lord  and  Lawgiver  to  the  soul  in 
that  spiritual  worship  and  service  which  he  re- 

t  Persecution  for  Relisinn  Judged  and  Condemned.     Idem,  pp. 
107,  108,  1211,  121,  122,  1;13,  135. 


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LIBERTY 


quireth.  If  you  will  take  away  this  from  God, 
what  is  it  that  is  God's?  Far  be  it  from  you  to  de- 
sire to  sit  in  the  consciences  of  men,  to  be  lawgiver 
and  judge  therein.  This  is  antichrist's  practice, 
persuading  the  kings  of  the  earth  to  give  him  their 
power  to  compel  all  hereunto.  You  may  make 
and  mend  your  own  laws,  and  be  judge  and  pun- 
isher  of  the  transgressors  thereof,  but  you  cannot 
make  or  mend  God's  laws,  they  are  perfect  already. 
You  may  not  add  nor  diminish,  nor  be  judge  nor 
monarch  of  his  iduirch  ;  that  is  Christ's  right.  lie 
left  neither  you  nor  any  mortal  man  his  deputy, 
but  only  the  Holy  Ghost,  as  your  highness  acknowl- 
edgeth  ;  and  whosoever  erreth  from  the  truth,  his 
judgment  is  set  down  and  the  time  thereof."*  The 
author  of  the  "Humble  Supplication,"  according 
to  the  famous  Roger  Williams, f  was  committed  ''  a 
close  prisoner  to  Newgate,  London,  for  the  witness 
of  some  truths  of  Jesus,  and  having  not  the  use  of 
pen  and  ink,  wrote  these  arguments  in  milk,  in 
sheets  of  paper  brought  to  hira  by  the  woman,  his 
keeper,  from  a  friend  in  London  as  the  stopples  of 
his  milk-bottle.  In  such  paper  written  with  milk 
nothing  will  appear;  but  the  way  of  reading  it  by 
fire  being  known  to  this  friend  who  received  the 
papers,  he  transcribed  and  kept  together  the  papers, 
although  the  author  could  not  correct  nor  view 
what  himself  had  written."  From  the  "  Humble 
Supplication"  were  taken  the  arguments,  which, 
being  re])lied  to  by  Mr.  Cotton,  gave  rise  to  the 
work  of  Mr.  Williams,  and  which  he  has  so  sig- 
nificantly called  "The  IJloudy  Tencnt  of  Persecu- 
tion Discussed."  This  theory,  so  nobly  advocated 
by  English  Baptists,  so  ably  defended  by  the  illus- 
trious founder  of  Rhode  Island  in  his  celebrated 
work,  was  carried  out  in  practice  by  the  Baptists 
in  England.  In  105.5,  John  Biddle,  a  Socinian,  was 
arrested  on  the  charge  of  heresy  in  London;  his 
danger  was  very  great;  with  his  opinions  Baptists 
had  no  sympathy;  but  for  his  liberty  of  conscience 
they  cherished  a  profound  regard,  and  many  Bap- 
tist congregations  petitioned  Cromwell  for  his  re- 
lease. They  made  coinnion  cause  with  the  man 
whose  life  was  endangered  by  an  attack  upon  his 
riirhts  of  conscience.  How  the  theory  of  Roger 
Williams  has  been  carried  out  first  in  Rhode 
Island,  and  now  in  every  State  in  the  Union,  all 
the  world  knows. 

In  1044,  when  "The  Bloudy  Tenent"  w.as  pub- 
lished in  London,  the  Baptists  were  the  only  advo- 
cates of  full  liberty  of  conscience  on  earth,  that 
year  Mr.  John  Goodwin,  a  Congregationalist,  came 
to  their  help.  The  Congregationalists  as  a  body, 
in  England  and  America,  were  willing  to  grant 
liberty  only  to  those   "sound   in  fundamentals." 

•  An  Htinible  Supplication  to  the  King's  Majesty.    Idem,  pp.  193, 
230. 
t  Bloudy  Te?ieiit,  page  :in,  Pref.  30,  35.    LunUon,  ISIS. 


Daniel  Neal,  an  Independent  (Congregationalist), 
says,  "  The  Independents  pleaded  for  a  toleration 
so  far  as  to  include  themselves  and  the  sober  Ana- 
baptists, but  did  not  put  the  controversy  on  a  gen- 
eral foot  (ing).  They  were  for  tolerating  all  that 
agreed  in  the  fundamentals  of  Christianity  ;  but 
when  they  came  to  enumerate  fundamentals  they 
were  sadly  entangled,  as  all  those  must  be  who  do 
not  keep  the  religious  and  civil  rights  of  mankind 
on  a  separate  basis."  Neal  writes  of  his  brethren 
in  1045,  and  from  the  last  sentence  we  (|Uotc,  he 
would  have  given  them  a  better  character  as  friends 
of  true  liberty  if  the  facts  would  have  permitted 
him.  The  Parliament  of  Scotland  appealed  to  the 
legislature  of  England,  and  declared  their  convic- 
tion "  that  the  piety  and  wisdom  of  the  honorable 
houses  (of  Parliament)  will  never  admit  toleration 
of  any  sects  or  schisms  contrary  to  our  Solemn 
League  and  Covenant."  This  covenant  was  taken 
in  England  in  the  end  of  1043  and  in  the  beginning 
of  1044.  Neal  says  that  "at  the  same  time  they 
appealed  to  the  people,  and  published  a  declaration 
;igainst  toleration  of  sectaries  and  liberty  of  con- 
science, in  which,  after  having  taken  notice  of 
their  great  services,  they  observe  that  there  is  a 
party  in  England  who  .are  endeavoring  to  supplant 
the  true  religion  by  pleading  for  liberty  of  con- 
science, which,  say  they,  is  the  nourisher  of  all 
heresies  and  schisms.  They  then  declare  iigainst 
all  such  notions  as  are  inconsistent  with  the  truth 
of  religion,  and  opening  a  door  to  licHintiousness, 
which,  to  the  utmost  of  their  power,  they  will  en- 
deavor to  oppose  ;  and  as  they  have  all  entered  into 
one  rovenanf,  so  to  the  last  man  in  the  kingdom 
they  will  go  on  in  the  preservation  of  it.  And  how- 
ever the  Parliament  of  England  may  determine  in 
point  of  toleration  and  liberty  of  conscience,  they 
are  resolved  not  to  make  the  least  start,  but  to  live 
and  die  for  the  glory  of  God  in  the  entire  preserva- 
tion of  the  truth  ;"  J.  that  is,  in  suppressing  liberty 
of  conscience.  This  was  the  spirit  of  Presbyterian 
Scotland  in  1045. 

Richard  Baxter,  the  most  influential  Presbyterian 
minister  in  Kngland,  as  quoted  by  Crosby,  writes, 
"  My  judgment  in  that  much  debated  point  of 
liberty  of  religion  I  have  always  freely  made 
known ;  I  abhor  unlimited  liberty,  or  toleration 
of  all.''  The  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines, 
which  framed  the  creed  of  all  British  Presbyte- 
rians, Dec.  15,  1045,  in  response  to  an  application 
of  the  Congregationalists  for  a  very  moderate  toler- 
ation for  themselves,  declared  that  "  this  opened  a 
perpetual  gap  for  all  sects  to  challenge  such  a 
liberty  as  their  due  ;  that  this  liberty  was  denied 
by  the  churches  of  New  England,  and  that  they 
have  as  just  ground  to  deny  it  as  they ;  that  this 

J  Neal's  llistoiy  of  the  Puritans,  iii.  244,  240.  Dublin,  IT.'iS.  Seo 
also Colliei'B  Ecclesiastical  History,  viii.  300,  301.    London,  1841. 


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LILBURN 


desired  forbearance  is  a  perpetual  division  in  the 
church,  and  a  perpetual  drawing  away  from  the 
churches  under  the  rule  ;  for  upon  the  same  pre- 
tense those  who  scruple  infant  baptism  may  with- 
draw from  tlicir  churches,  and  so  separate  into  an- 
other eon^re,!;ation.  Are  these  divisions,  say  they, 
as  lawful  as  they  are  infinite?  or  must  we  give 
that  respect  to  the  errors  of  men's  consciences  as 
to  satisfy  their  scruples  by  allowance  of  this  liberty 
to  them?  'V\\i\.tscri(pleot' ronsc.ience  is  no  cause  of 
separation ;  nor  doth  it  take  off  causeless  separa- 
tion from  being  schism,  which  may  arise  from 
errors  of  conscience  as  well  as  carnal  and  corrupt 
reason."  The  Assembly  flatly  denied  the  tolera- 
tion solicited  by  the  Congregationalists  ;  and  for 
the  monient  the  English  government  was  ready  to 
enforce  their  decision.  These  godly  men  in  the 
Assemlily  and  the  leading  ministers  and  laymen  of 
their  denomination  in  London,  and  in  the  country 
at  that  time,  were  fierce  enemies  of  liberty  of  con- 
.science.  To-day  our  Presbyterian  brethren  are 
friends  of  true  lil)erty,  secular  and  sacred.  But 
down  to  1G44  the  Baptists  were  the  only  advocates 
of  lilierty  of  conscience  for  all  Christians,  and  all 
oilier  men  on  earth.  They  have  the  honor  of  being 
the  first  preachers  of  this  doctrine,  and  of  convert- 
ing the  masses  of  other  denominations  to  this  part 
<if  tlieir  creed  :  and  they  have  the  glory  of  founding 
Khode  Island,  the  first  State  on  earth  where  this 
doctrine  received  legal  recognition  ;  and  tlirough 
Khode  Island  the  Baptists  have  given  this  doctrine 
a  place  in  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
in  the  legal  enactments  of  every  State  in  the  Amer- 
ican Union. 

License,  A  Foiin  of. — As  a  Baptist  church  is 
the  highest  erclesiastical  authority  in  tlie  denomi- 
nation, or  in  the  Sacred  Book,  upon  whose  teach- 
ings our  churches  are  built,  the  church,  after  hear- 
ing a  brother  exercise  his  gifts  as  a  preacher,  gives 
him  a  license,  not  to  administer  Ijaptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  but  to  proclaim  the  blessed  gospel. 
This  license  gives  liim  no  ministerial  standing,  and 
no  position  beyond  that  of  a  layman,  except  that  it 
expresses  the  opinion  of  the  church  of  which  ho  is 
a  member  that  he  has  qualifications  for  preaching 
the  gospel.  The  following  form  of  license  has  been 
used : 

"  To  all  w/tmn  il  mai/  concern.  The  Ba|itist 
cliurcli  of  Blanktown  sends  greeting:  Our  beloved 
brotlier,  Joshua  Smith,  a  man  of  good  repute,  un- 
doubted piety,  and  sound  knowledge  of  divine 
things,  after  exercising  his  ministerial  gifts  in  pri- 
vate and  in  public  to  our  entire  satisfaction,  is 
hereby  licensed  to  preach  tlie  gospel,  wherever  the 
Lord  may  open  a  door  for  him.  We  recommend 
him  to  the  favor  of  our  bretliren  ;  and  we  pray  tliat 
the  Lord  nniy  greatly  bless  him. 

"  Done  at  our  regular  meeting  for  business,  etc." 


Ligon,  William  Claiborne,  was  bom  in  Prince 
Edward  Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  18,  1796.  lie  studied  at 
Golgotha  Academy ;  was  converted  at  eighteen 
years,  and  ordained  in  182.5  by  Elders  P.  P.  Smith 
and  (!hipton.  lie  came  to  Missouri  in  1841,  and 
settled  near  Carrollton.  For  thirty  years  he  labored 
in  tliat  part  of  the  State  ;  was  pastor  at  Lexington, 
Dover,  Liberty,  Richmond,  and  Carrollton.  lie 
gave  much  time  and  effort  to  the  establishment  of 
William  .Jewell  College.  He  was  successful  as  an 
evangelist,  in  Clay,  Ray,  Lafayette,  and  Saline 
Counties.     lie  died  in  Dover,  April  13,  1877. 

Lilburn,  Maj.-Gen.  Robert,  was  a  soldier  of 
great  daring.  When  the  Karl  of  Derby  placed 
himself  at  the  head  of  1500  horse  and  foot  in  Lan- 
casliire,  Lilburn  met  him  near  Wigan,  and  with 
800  men  routed  his  forces,  though  they  fouglit 
bravely  for  about  an  hour.  Lilliurn  killed  many 
of  the  enemy,  captured  between  oOO  and  400  pris- 
oners, and  lost  only  II  men. 

In  Scotland  his  military  administration  was 
marked  by  a  spirit  of  devout  piety,  and  of  great 
kindness.  The  Baptist  church  of  Hexham,  North- 
umberland, England,  has  several  allusions  to  the 
general  in  old  letters  belonging  to  its  records ;  and 
one  of  its  letters  written  to  the  general  is  still  pre- 
served.    In  this  epistle  the  church  writes  : 

"  Honored  Sir, — It  hath  been  matter  of  great 
joy  and  consolation  to  our  spirits,  ever  since  we 
heard  of  the  glorious  appearances  of  the  divine 
nature  in  you,  which  manifests  itself  through  your 
love,  which  you  have  towards  all  saints,  and  par- 
ticularly towards  us.  We  desire  to  admire  the 
good  hand  of  our  God  in  it,  that  we,  who  are  less 
than  the  least  of  saints,  should  have  favor  given 
us  in  your  eyes,  whom  God  has  so  higlily  honored 
to  set  in  a  place  of  so  great  eminency."*  Tlicy  then 
proceed  to  thank  him  for  his  great  kindness  to  three 
of  their  brethren, — Edward  Ilickhorngill,  Charles 
Bond,  and  Thomas  Stackhouse, — and  for  his  great 
love  to  their  entire  church.  Ten  of  the  brethren 
sign  the  letter  on  behalf  of  the  cliurch.  It  is  dated 
the  22d  day  of  the  Fourth  nionth,  10.53,  Gen.  Lil- 
burn had  Baptist  chaplains,  and  maintained  loving 
reliitions  with  the  churches  of  that  denomination 
wherever  he  was  stationed.  In  1647  he  was  gov- 
ernor of  Newcastle  ;  next  year  he  was  one  of  the 
judges  that  tried  Charles  I.  and  condemned  him  to 
death  ;  and  the  name  of  Robert  Lilburn  is  ap- 
pended to  the  warrant  for  his  execution. 

Cromwell  for  a  time  imprisoned  him  because  of 
his  inflexible  republicanism,  as  he  served  Harrison 
and  others.  But  this  only  showed  the  immense  in- 
fluence wielded  l)y  Gen.  Lilburn  ;  for  it  was  not  to 
punish  him  that  Criiinwell  sulijccteil  him  to  arrest, 
but  to  protect  himself  from  the  attacks  of  a  power- 
ful military  leader,  who  was  opposed  to  all  govern- 
*  Fenstantou  Bccords,  etc.,  328.    LondoD,  1864. 


LILLAliD 


702 


LINCOLN 


nienta  administered*  by  "one  num."  Cromwell 
knew  liis  great  worth,  and  it  was  he  who  mudc  liim 
a  major-general. 

Lilbiirnt  was  very  active  in  securing  the  recall  of 
the  remnant  of  the  Long  Parliament,  when  the  sys- 
tem of  government  instituted  by  Oliver  perislied  in 
thehandsof  Richard  Cromwell.  Largely  through  his 
great  influence  in  the  army  was  this  course  pursued. 
He  felt  that  no  military  chieftain  should  exercise  do- 
minion in  his  country,  nor  any  committee  of  gen- 
eral.s  ;  and  that  government  was  the  creation  of  the 
people  themselves  ;  and  as  the  Long  Parliament 
was  the  only  fragment  of  legal  government  in  Kng- 
land  capable  of  being  invested  witli  life,  he  l(>nt 
effectual  aid  in  giving  it  the  sceptre  of  power  once 
more. 

When  Charles  II.  was  placed  upon  the  throne 
Lilburn  was  tried  as  a  regicide  ;  he  offered  no  de- 
fense, and  of  course  was  condemned  ;  he  was  ex- 
iled to  the  Isle  of  St.  Nicholas,  off  Plymouth,  where 
he  died  in  1665.  Why  he  was  not  executed  we 
cannot  conceive ;  it  was  not  because  of  any  mercy 
possessed  by  Charles  II.,  nor  on  account  of  any 
bribe  given  to  the  frail  but  all-powerful  companions 
of  the  king's  dearest  pleasures.  Proljably,  legal 
murder,  accompanied  by  the  horrible  custom  in 
treason  cases  of  "  drawing  and  quartering,"  had 
begun  to  arouse  the  indignation  of  the  nation 
against  the  Stuarts;  and  Lilburn's  life  was  spared 
because  its  sacrifice  miglit  cost  too  much.  We  love 
the  memory  of  Maj.-Gen.  Robert  Lilburn,  the 
"  fimatic  Anabaptist,'  as  Guizot,  in  his  Memoirs 
of  Monk,  is  pleased  to  call  him. 

Lillard,  Rev.  Jas.  M.,  was  born  in  Mercer  Co., 
Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1806,  and  has  been  a  Baptist  min- 
ister for  forty-seven  years.  He  removed  from  Ken- 
tucky to  Lewis  Co..  Mo.,  in  1832,  being  the  first 
Baptist  preacher  north  of  Palmyra,  Mo.  He  trav- 
eled far  and  near,  traversing  large  prairies  in  the 
severest  weather,  preaching  the  gospel  and  receiving 
little  or  no  compensation.  He  was  truly  a  mis- 
sionary. He  often  went  down  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  occasionally  returned  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  held,  and  assisted  his  father  in  conduct- 
ing, a  number  of  great  revival  meetings,  in  which 
hundreds  professed  faith  in  Christ.  He  has  ex- 
erted a  wonderful  influence  for  gnod  throughout  all 
Northeast  Missouri,  and  though  now  old  and  much 
afflicted,  often  preaching  while  sitting,  he  travels 
almost  continually,  laboring  for  Christ.  He  has 
organized  a  great  many  Baptist  churches  •,  assisted 
in  ordaining  at  least  twenty-five  Baptist  ministers, 
and  has  baptized  more  than  3000  persons. 

Lillard,  Rev.  Robert  Rodes,  A.M.,  a  man 
of  reiiiarkalilc  gifts  and  attainments,  was  born  in 
Anderson  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  10,  1826.     After  a  pre- 

*  Hume,  Smollett,  and  Fiirr.  i.  730.    London. 

t  Bupiti'd  Histor.v  of  England,  ii.  GOo.    London,  1733. 


paratory  course  he  entered  Georgetown  College  as 
a  Sophomore  in  1842,  and  graduated  in  1845. 
Having  professed  religion  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Lawrenceburg,  in  his  native 
county,  in  1S41,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  w.ts  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
1846.  He  now  placed  himself  under  the  instruction 
of  the  distinguished  Dr.  J.  L.  Waller,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  became  associated  with  his  preceptor 
in  the  editorship  of  the  Western  Baptist  Review,  nt 
that  time  the  ablest  periodical  in  the  West.  Ilis 
career  was  a  most  brilliant  one,  and  within  a  few 
months  he  was  placed  among  the  ablest  periodical 
writers  of  his  time,  but  shortly  after,  death  closed 
his  too  brief  career,  on  June  7,  1849. 

Lincoln,  Ensi^,  was  born  in  Hingham,  Mass., 
Jan.  S,  1779.  He  enjoyed  good  educational  oppor- 
tunities in  his  youthful  days,  and  the  inestimable 
blessing  of  an  early  religious  training.  When  he 
reached  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  placed  as  an 
apprentice  at  the  business  of  printing.  Having 
become  a  Christian  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Baldwin  in  1799,  of  whose  church  he  was  a  nieiji- 
ber  until  he  transferred  his  relation  to  tl^e  Thiril 
Baptist  church,  for  so  many  years  under  thjS  pa-s- 
toral  charge  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp.  As  he  had  Evi- 
dently gifts  which  fitted  him  to  preach  the  gospel, 
he  was  induced  to  exercise  them.  The  churches  at 
Lynn,  East  Cambridge,  Cambridgeport,  Roxbury, 
South  Boston,  and  Federal  Street,  Boston,  owe  to 
him  a  great  debt  of  gratitude  for  what  he  did  among 
them  in  the  days  of  their  early  weakness.  Wliile 
engaged  in  promoting  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  by 
the  use  of  the  talents  which  God  had  given  him  as 
a  preacher  of  righteousness,  he  was  also  in  another 
wav  accomplishing  a  vast  amount  of  good.  As  the 
leading  partner  in  the  publishing  house  of  Lincoln 
&  Edmunds,  he  was  instrumental  in  sending  out 
from  the  press  a  healthful  religious  literature, 
which  proved  a  blessing  of  great  value  to  multi- 
tudes of  people.  He  spent  a  life  of  purity  and 
blamelessness  among  his  fellow-men,  until  God 
took  him  home  to  receive  the  reward  of  a  faithful 
servant.  His  death  occurred  Dec.  2,  1832.  Dr. 
Wayland  says  of  hira,  '-'  Since  his  death  was  men- 
tioned to  me,  I  have  been  striving  to  think  of  one 
who  was  of  more  value  to  the  church  as  a  layman. 
I  could  not  think  of  one.  1  have  thought  of  clergy- 
men, and  the  result  was  the  same.  You  may  look 
over  a  dozen  cities  before  you  find  a  man  in  a 
private  station  who  has  cleared  away  around  him- 
self so  large  and  so  fertile  a  field  of  usefulness.  I 
know  of  no  man  to  fill  up  his  place." 

Lincoln,  Hon.  Heman,  was  bom  in  Hingham, 
Mass.,  Jan.  7,  1779.  He  was  one  of  a  family  of 
eleven  children,  whose  parents  were  honored  and 
loved  in  the  community  in  which  they  lived  for 
their  consistent  piety.   When  Heman  was  fourteen 


LIXCOLN 


703 


LINCOLN 


years  of  a<;e  lie  was  apprenticed  to  a  carpenter  in 
Boston.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Baldwin,  May 
19.  1799,  and  in  1809  he  was  chosen  a  deacon  of 
the  church. 

A  man  of  his  sterlin^l  worth  could  not  remain 
long  in  private  life.  His  fellow-citizens,  recog- 
nizing his  abilities,  were  not  backward  in  solicit- 
ing him  to  occupy  public  positions.  At  different 
times,  as  representative  and  senator,  he  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  convention  for  the  revision  of  the 
State  constitution,  and,  as  an  intelligent  Baptist, 
he  made  an  earnest  plea  in  behalf  of  religious  lil> 
erty  and  the  rights  of  conscience.  Ten  years,  how- 
ever, passed  before  the  cause  which  he  so  earnestly 
advocated  triumphed  over  the  prejudices  with  which 
it  had  been  called  to  contend. 

Deacon  Lincoln  was  among  the  earliest  and  most 
steadfast  friends  of  home  and  foreign  missions. 
For  several  years  lie  was  the  president  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  when  the 
conversion  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  to  Baptist  sen- 
timents called  forth  an  appeal  to  the  churches  in 
tfiis  country  for  help  in  the  establishment  of  the 
%iissions  in  Burmah,  he  was  among  the  first  to  re- 

Son(#  In  1824  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the 
iptist  General  Convention,  and  he  held  the  office 
twenty-two  years.  So  deep  was  his  interest  in  tlie 
cause  that  he  gave  up  his  regular  business,  and 
spent  his  time  at  the  mission  rooms  in  Boston,  and 
proved  himself  a  most  valuable  assistant  to  Rev. 
Dr.  Bolles,  at  the  time  the  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Convention. 

But  it  was  not  merely  the  two  great  denomina- 
tional organizations  for  the  prosecution  of  home 
and  foreign  missions  that  awakened  the  regards  of 
Deacon  Lincoln.  He  was  ready  to  unite  with  all 
good  men  for  the  advancement  of  any  cause  which 
aimed  at  the  improvement  of  mankind  and  the 
glory  of  God.  He  was  a  steadfast  friend  of  the 
American  Bible  Society,  the  American  Tract  So- 
ciety at  New  York,  the  American  Temperance  So- 
ciety, and  kindred  organizations.  For  twenty-seven 
years  he  Wius  a  trustee  of  Brown  University.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  and  for  several  years  one  of  its  trustees. 
For  twenty-two  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  The  missionaries  under  appoint- 
ment found  in  his  hospitable  dwelling  a  happy 
homo  while  waiting  the  time  of  their  departure  to 
the  distant  fields  of  their  labor,  and  when,  worn 
down  with  protracted  toil,  they  returned  to  recruit 
their  wasted  strength  in  their  native  country,  Dea- 
con Lincoln  was  among  the  first  to  give  them  a 
hearty  welcome  under  his  own  roof.  A  life  of 
more  than  ninety  years  was  consecrated  to  the  ser- 
vice of  his  Master,  and  when  he  died.  Aug.  11,1 869, 


it  was  felt  that  a  good  man  had  gone  home  to 
heaven.  Most  truthfully  was  it  said  of  him,  "The 
cause  of  Christ  was  dearer  to  him  than  personal 
reputation  or  any  earthly  good.  •  His  record  was 
remarkably  unsullied,  and  all  the  churches  with 
which  he  was  connected  may  count  that  record  as 
among  their  choicest  ornaments.'' 

Lincoln,    Heman,    D.D.,  was   born  in    Boston, 
Mass.,  April    14,  1>21.     He   graduated   at   Brown 


HEJIAN     LINCOLN.  IJ.D. 

University  in  the  class  of  1840.  Among  his  class- 
mates were  Prof.  J.  B.  Boise,  LL.D.,  Rev.  Dr.  W. 
T.  Brantly,  President  E.  Dodge,  LL.D.,  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  R.  Kendriok,  and  President  H.  G.  Weston,  D.D. 
He  graduated  at  the  Newton  Institution  in  the  class 
of  1845,  and  was  ordained  immediately  after  his 
graduation,  in  Boston,  September,  1845.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  New  Britain,  Pa.,  for  five 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Philadelphia  to  take 
charge  of  the  Franklin  Square  church.  After  three 
years  of  service  he  was  called  to  Jamaica  Plain, 
Mass.,  where  he  continued  si.x  years.  He  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Providence, 
of  which  he  was  pastor  for  eight  years,  the  connec- 
tion being  terminated  by  his  appointment  to  the  pro- 
fessorship of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution,  the  duties  of  which  he 
performed  for  five  years,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  the  chair  of  Ilomiletics  and  Pastoral  Duties, 
which  position  he  now  holds.  Dr.  Lincoln  has  had 
much  experience  in  writing  for  the  press  during 
all  his  professional  life.  For  five  years  he  was  edi- 
torially connected   with   the   Chiistiati  Chronicle, 


LINCOLN 


704 


LINDSA Y 


and  for  thirteen  years  with  the  Watchman  and  Re- 
flector. Rochester  University  conferred  upon  Dr. 
Lincoln  tlic»  dri;ree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1S05. 

Lincoln,  Prof.  John,  LL.D.,  son  of  Ensign 
Lincoln,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  12.3,  ISl", 
and  was  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class 
of  1836.  Ininiediately  after  whicli  ho  was  chosen 
a  tutor  in  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  he  remained  during  the  academic  year 
lS.30-37.  In  the  fall  of  1837  he  entered  the  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  where  he  remained  until 
the  fall  of  l.S3'.l,  when,  having  been  elected  a  tutor 
in  Brown  University,  he  removed  to  Providence. 
He  held  this  office  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
he  went  abroad,  in  company  with  Prof.  IL  B. 
Haokett,  in  order  to  pur.sue  his  studies  at  the  Ger- 
man universities.  lie  spent  the  academic  year 
1S41-42  in  Halle,  studying  theology  with  Tholuck 
and  .lulins  MiilU^r,  and  philology  with  fiesenius,  in 
Hebrew,  and  with  Barnhardy  in  the  classics.  The 
vacation  of  July  and  August  was  spent  in  an  ex- 
cursion through  Switzerland  and  Northern  Italy, 
with  Tlioluck  as  a  companion.  The  second  acad- 
emic year,  lS-42-43,  was  spent  in  Berlin,  under 
Neander,  in  church  history.  Old  Testament  history 
with  Ilengstenberg,  and  the  classics  with  Boectch. 
The  fall  of  1843  he  spent  in  Geneva,  where  he  de- 
voted himself  to  the  study  of  French,  and  then 
went  to  Rome,  where  he  remained  until  May,  1844. 
In  the  fall  of  1844  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
Assistant  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature  in  Brown  University,  and  was  appointed 
full  professor  in  184.5.  In  18.57  he  went  abroad  a 
second  time,  and  was  absent  si.t  months,  a  part  of 
which  was  passdl  in  Athens.  Again  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1878  he  took  a  third  trip  to  the  Old  World. 
Prof  Lincoln  has  prepiired  editions  of  Livy  and 
Horace,  which  have  been  well  received.  He  has 
also  contributed  able  articles  for  reviews,  maga- 
zines, and  the  religious  papers. 

Lincoln,  Mrs.  Nancy  Hanks,  the  mother  of 
Al)raliaiM  Linri)lii,  was  boni  in  Virginia,  and  when 
((uite  young  removed  to  Kentucky  with  some  mem- 
bers of  her  family.  In  180()  she  married  Thomas 
Lincoln,  of  Ilodgenville,  Hardin  Co.,  Ky. 

In  1843  La  Rue  County  was  created,  which  in- 
cluded the  home  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  Lincoln. 
This  county  was  named  after  John  La  Rue,  and 
Ilodgenville  after  Thomas  Ilodgen.  A  biographer 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  says,  '•  Both  these  pioneers 
were  men  of  sterling  integrity  and  high  moral 
worth  ;  they  were  consistent  and  zealous  members 
of  the  Baptist  church,  and  one  of  their  associates, 
Benjamin  Lynn,  was  a  minister  of  the  same  per- 
suasion. Such  were  the  influences  under  which, 
more  than  twenty  years  before  Thomas  Lincoln 
settled  there,  this  little  colony  had  been  founded, 
and  which  went  far  to  give  the  community  its  per- 


manent character.''  In  this  Baptist  settlement 
Abraham  Lincoln,  afterwards  President  of  the 
United  States,  was  born,  Feb.  12,  1809. 

Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln  was  a  woman  of  rare 
qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  and  though  she  dicii 
in  1818,  when  her  son  was  only  nine  years  old,  she 
left  impressions  upon  him  which  could  never  be 
effaced,  and  which  directed  his  whole  future  move- 
ments. "All  that  I  am  on  earth,''  said  President 
Lincoln  to  Rev.  Dr.  A.  D.  Gillette,  then  of  Wash- 
ington City,  "  I  owe  to  my  Baptist  mother.  I  am 
glad  to  see  you,  doctor  ;  you  remind  me  of  my  Bap- 
tist mother." 

Mrs.  Lincoln  lived  and  died  unknown  beyond  a 
very  limited  circle,  but  her  light  has  been  carried 
over  this  land  and  over  all  the  world  by  the  fame 
of  Abraham  Lincoln,  her  distinguished  son. 

Lindsay,  Edmond  J.,  a  well-known  Christian 
business  man  of  Milwaukee,  was  born  in  Dundee, 
Scotland,  in  1838.  Ilis  father,  in  1841,  emigrated 
with  his  family  to  New  York,  and  in  1843  came  to 
Dodge  Co.,  Wis.,  where  he  engaged  in  farming. 
He  was  a  prominent  member  and  officer  in  a  Scotch 
Baptist  church  in  Dundee,  a  man  of  decided  Chris- 
tian influence.  When  ho  came  to  Wisconsin  and 
found  himself  in  a  newly-settled  conntry,»where 
the  institutions  of  religion  were  not  yet  established, 
he  had  a  church  in  his  home,  teaching  his  children 
the  way  of  God,  expounding  the  Scriptures,  and 
holding  regular  worship  until  churches  were  cstal>- 
lished. 

It  was  in  this  Christian  atmosphere  young  Lind- 
say's childhood  and  youth  were  passed.  lie  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  log  school-house  of  the 
newly-settlod  neighborhood,  and  an  occasional  term 
of  study  in  the  classical  schools  at  Waupun  and 
Fox  Lake.  But  Mr.  Lindsay  has  been  a  student  all 
his  life,  having  a  fine  library  and  other  facilities 
for  the  acquisition  of  knowledge. 

When  eleven  years  of  age  his  father  died,  and 
the  care  of  the  farm  devolved  upon  him. 

Mr.  Lindsay  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 
E.  J.  and  yV.  Lindsay.  The  business  was  estab- 
lished by  Mr.  Lindsay  in  1809,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  most  extensive  estaldishments  of  its  class  west 
of  the  Lakes,  having  relations  with  every  State  and 
Territory  in  the  Northwest.  As  its  manager  Mr. 
Lindsay  displays  qualifications  of  a  high  order. 

But  it  is  chiefly  as  a  Christian  that  he  has  become 
widely  known.  He  m.ade  a  profession  of  religion 
when  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  united  a  few  years 
later  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Fox  Lake.  lie  is 
one  of  the  best-known  members  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Milwaukee,  a  member  of  its  board 
of  trustees,  has  been  its  Sabbath-school  superin- 
tendent, and  in  all  the  work  of  the  church  a  chief 
actor.  In  the  city,  outside  of  his  church,  he  is  a 
leader  in  all  benevolent  enterprises.     In  the  de- 


LINDSAY 


705 


LINNARD 


nominational  work  of  tlie  State  he  takes  a  promi- 
nent part.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  tlie 
Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  of  its  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  and  he  is  its  efficient  treasurer. 

Lindsay,  Rev.  W.  C,  was  born  in  Virp;inia  in 
1840.  He  spent  four  years  at  a  literary  and  two 
at  a  medical  college,  and  afterwards  three  in  the 
study  and  practice  of  law.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  resumed  the  study  of  medicine,  but  having 
"  tasted  and  seen  that  the  Lord  is  good,"  "imme- 
diately he  conferred  not  with  flesh  and  blood,"  but 
came  to  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary, 
and  spent  four  years  and  graduated. 

His  first  pastorate  was  at  Wilson,  N.  C,  where 
he  had  tlie  society  and  warm  friendship  of  the  cele- 
brated Dr.  Hooper.  In  five  months  hi.s-health  failed, 
pneumonia  contracted  in  camp  having  left  his 
lungs  in  a  diseased  condition.  Having  rested  a 
few  months,  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Barn- 
well Court-House,  when,  as  an  evidence  of  their  ap- 
preciation, they  almost  doubled  the  compensation 
they  were  accustomed  to  give.  The  young  men 
who  avoided  the  church  not  only  went,  but  con- 
tributed liberally  to  his  salary.  Five  years  in  the 
pine  belt,  as  frequently  happens,  restored  his 
health.  He  next  spent  a  year,  1876.  as  agent  for 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  and 
Furman  University,  and  then  settled  in  Columbia, 
S.  C,  where  he  is  now  pastor. 

He  probably  has  not  an  enemy  in  the  world. 

Lindsey,  Rev.  E.  H.,  a  prominent  minister  of 
Dallas  County,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1831.  He  embraced  Christ  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church  in  1848,  and  was  a  preacher  in 
that  denomination  for  seven  years.  A  careful  ex- 
amination of  the  subject  of  Vjaptism  led  to  a  change 
of  views,  and  he  united  with  the  Baptists  in  18.J9, 
and  in  the  following  year  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry. He  came  to  Arkansas  and  settled  in  Dallas 
County,  where  he  has  remained  ever  since,  having 
served  the  following  churches  in  Dallas  and  the  ad- 
joining counties:  Cold  Water,  ten  years;  Hamp- 
ton, nine  years;  Millville,  seven  years:  Holly 
Springs,  three  years;  Edinburg,  two  years  ;  Cliain- 
bersville  nearly  twenty  years.  During  the  time  he 
lias  baptized  about  400. 

Lineberry,  Rev.  William,  a  useful  minister  in 

the  Sandy  Creek  A^^sociation,  N.  C.  He  had  been 
a  minister  of  the  Protestant  Methodist  Church,  but 
became  a  Baptist,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Enoch 
Crutchfield  in  1843.  He  was  agent  for  the  State 
Convention  in  1S45  and  1846.     He  died  in  1875. 

Link,  Rev.  J.  B.,  w-as  bom  in  Rockbridge  Co., 
Va.,  May  7,  1S28:  converted  in  October,  1840; 
ba|itized  at  the  Natural  Bridge,  Va.,  in  Octolier, 
1841  :  ordained  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Jessamine  Co., 
Ky.,  in  18.^)2,  Drs.  1).  R.  Campbell  and  Wm.  M. 
Pratt  acting  as   the    Presbytery  ;    prosecuted  the 


four  years'  course  of  study  at  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  graduating  in  1853  ;  studied  theology  at,  and 
graduated  from,  Rochester  Theological  Seminary, 
after  a  two  years'  course,  in  1855  ;  pastor  of  the 
churches  at  Paris,  Ky.,  and  Liberty,  Mo.  ;  acted  as 
agent  for  William  Jewell  College  for  nearly  two 
years,  and  raised  .?20,U00  for  that  institution  ;  en- 
tered the  Confederate  army,  spent  most  of  the  time 
as  a  chaplain  ;  went  to  Texas  as  agent  of  the  Home 
Mi.ssion  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
especially  fur  army  missions.  At  the  close  of  the 
year  was  occupied  in  efforts  to  establish  the  Texas 
Baptist  Herald.  Since  1866  has  published  and 
edited  that  journal  with  indefatigable  energy, 
placing  it  upon  a  solid  foundation.  He  is  a  man 
of   indomitable    will    and    courage,    clear-headed. 


patient,  wise,  and  logical.  He  has  been  a  vice- 
president  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
is  now  laboring  for  the  '"  Texa.s  Educational  Com- 
mission," in  connection  with  his  editorial  manage- 
ment of  the  Texas  Baptist  Herald. 

Linnard,  James  M.,  was  bom  in  September, 
1784  ;  was  baptized  about  the  year  1830,  by  Rev. 
Gideon  B.  Perry,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Spruce 
Street  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  continued  in 
membership  with  this  church  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Oct.  16,  1863.  Few  men  have  left  behind 
them  the  record  of  a  Christian  life  more  abundant 
in  the  blessed  results  of  intense  consecration  and 
large-hearted  benevolence.  Nor  do  the.se  results 
pertain  to  his  own  life  alone  ;  for  it  appears  to  be 
well  and  widely  known  that  his  example  and  influ- 


LINSLEY 


706 


LITERATURE 


ence  were  ai;cnoies  divinely  employed  to  inspire 
similar  consecration  and  benevolence  anion^  others 
possessed  of  greater  wealth,  whose  princely  bene- 
factions still  continue  to  aid  the  udvanceinent  of 
the  Redeemer's  kingdom.  He  was  for  many  years, 
and  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  the  president  of 
tlie  Pennsylvania  B.iptifjt  General  Association. 
The  growth  and  usefulness  of  this  organization 
were  largely  due  to  his  love  for  Christ  and  zeal  for 
his  cause.  He  had  a  clear,  sound  mind,  and  was 
a  warm  friend  and  wise  counselor  in  every  depart- 
ment of  benevolent  and  religious  effort.  He  was 
one  of  three  laymen  who  have  been  moderators  of 
the  I'hiladelphia  Baptist  Association. 

Linsley,  Rev.  James  Harvey,  son  of  James 
and  Sarah  (.Malthy)  Linsley,  was  born  in  North 
Branford,  Conn.,  May  5,  1787  ;  in  1809  went  South  ; 
converted  in  1810;  taught  school  in  Cheshire, 
Conn.;  baptized  in  1811  in  North  Haven;  studied 
in  Wallingford  Academy;  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1817;  taught  in  an  academy  at  New 
Haven,  also  at  New  Canaan,  also  in  a  select  school 
at  Stratford;  began  to  preach  in  1828;  ordained, 
in  1831,  as  an  evangelist,  at  Meriden  ;  preached  in 
Milford  and  Stratfield  ;  in  1835  was  delegate  to 
Triennial  Convention  in  Richmond,  Va. ;  health 
failed  in  1S36  ;  went  to  Florida  ;  was  a  member  of 
Yale  Natural  Historical  Society,  of  Connecticut 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  Hartford  Nat- 
ural Historical  Society,  of  Boston  Society  of  Nat- 
ural History  ;  published  valuable  scientific  papers. 
He  died  Dec.  29,  1843,  leaving  a  precious  record  as 
a  scholar  and  as  a  Christian. 

Lisk,  Rev.  James,  was  born  near  Coshocton, 
0.,  Oct.  11),  l,s:5'j;  was  baptized  April  27,  1S55,  by 
Rev.  A.  \f.  Odor;  graduated  from  Denison  Uni- 
versity in  1862,  and  from  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  186.i  ;  was  ordained  in  June,  1805, 
and  settled  with  the  Second  church,  Cincinnati,  O.  : 
removed  to  Rockford,  111.,  in  18l>7,  and  remained 
for  two  years ;  accepted  a  call  to  his  present  field 
of  labor,  the  Second  church,  Germantown,  Phila- 
delphia, and  entered  upon  his  duties  June  1, 1870. 
He  is  an  able  and  impressive  preacher  and  a  faith- 
ful pastor,  diligent  in  personal  efforts  for  the  sal- 
vation of  souls,  and  strong  in  defense  of"  the  faith 
once  delivered  t  >  the  saints."  He  is  actively  iden- 
tified with  the  educational  and  missionary  work  of 
the  denomination,  and  is  conscientious  in  the  per- 
formance of  duties  assigned  to  him  in  the  manage- 
ment of  important  trusts.  In  IS79  be  was  made 
moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association. 
His  people,  after  worshiping  for  years  in  a  neat 
chapel,  are  now  building  a  handsome  church  edifice. 

Literature,  Baptist. — The  list  of  authors  in 
this  article  contains  the  names  of  only  a  portion  of 
the  great  body  of  Baptist  writers  :  and  often  but  one 
book  is  mentioned  where  several  came  from  the 


same  hand  ;  or  three,  as  in  the  case  of  Benjamin 
Keach,  where  forty-three  were  the  fruits  of  his 
active  mind. 

THE  SACRED  TEXT  AND  WORKS  UPON  IT. 

Our  Lord  was  immersed  in  the  river  Jordan  when 
he  reached  adult  years,  and  founded  the  Baptist  de-. 
nomination.  The  writers  of  the  New  Testament, 
like  the  Saviour,  were  Baptists,  whose  "one  (mate- 
rial) baptism''  is  believer's  immersion.  In  trans- 
lating the  New  Testament  into  the  language  of  a 
heathen  people.  Baptists  have  always  insisted  upon 
transhitiiKj  Ban-riCu,  instead  of  transferring  it.  The 
first  versions  of  the  Scriptures  followed  this  plan. 
The  Peshito,  a  Syriac  version,  made  early  in  the 

second  century  for  the  Jews  in  Palestine,  renders 

7 
the  act  of  baptizing  by  the  vprb.    \nV    to  immerse. 

About  the  same  time  a  Latin  translation  was  pre- 
pared for  the  people  who  used  that  tongue.  Prob- 
ably from  this  first  version  Tertullian  quotes  the 
Saviour's  commission,  '"Go,  teach  the  nations,  im- 
mersing them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of 
the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Spirit." — Matt,  xxviii.  19. 
(Ite,  doeete  nationes,  tinguentes  eas  in  nomen 
Patris,  etc.  De  Baptismo,  cap.  13.)  In  the  next 
chapter  Tertullian  quotes  Paul's  statement,  that  he 
was  "'not  sent  to  baptize,  but  to  preach,"  and  he 
uses  the  words  ad  tiii//uendun>,  to  immerse,  to  de- 
scribe the  baptismal  act.  The  men  who  made  these 
earliest  translations,  like  the  inspired  writers  of  the 
New  Testament,  were  Baptists.  Jerome,  in  his  Vul- 
gate, uses  baplizo,  instead  of  tiiii/iio  or  immergo,  not 
because  immersion  was  abandoned,  but  on  account 
of  a  mass  of  ceremonies  that  in  his  <lay  burdened 
the  baptismal  rite,  authority  for  which  could  readily 
be  claimed  under  a  foreign  word,  the  meaning  of 
which  was  only  known  to  scholars.  What  was 
true  of  the  Syriac  and  Latin  versions  is  true  of 
other  primitive  translations  of  the  New  Testament ; 
and  from  these  and  other  considerations  we  claim 
the  versions  of  the  first  three  centuries  as  sub- 
stantially Baptist  productions.  Like  modern  Bap- 
tists, the  early  Christians  multiplied  versions  of  the 
Scriptures,  and  distributed  the  AYord  as  widely  as 
possible.  Augustine  says.  ••  Those  who  have  trans- 
lated the  Bible  into  Greek  can  be  numbered,  but 
not  so  the  Latin  versions,  for  in  the  first  ages  of 
the  church  whoever  got  hold  of  a  Greek  codex  ven- 
tured to  translate  it  into  Latin,  however  slight  his 
knowledge  of  either  langu.age." 

In  1229,  at  a  Catholic  council  held  in  Thoulouse. 
in  France,  a  canon  was  passed  prohibiting  ''laics 
from  having  the  books  of  the  Olil  or  New  Testa- 
ment, unless  it  be  a  Psalter,  or  a  Breviary,  and  the 
Rosary,  and  it  does  not  permit  them  so  much  as  to 
translate  them  into  the  vulgar  tongue."  Du  Pin  after 
recordini;  the  above  adds,  "  This  restraint  was  doubt- 


LITERATURE 


707 


UTEUATUUE 


less  founded  on  that  IVequont  abuse  whioh  was  made 
of  tlieiu  in  that  country.''  (Eecles.  Hist.,  ii.  456. 
Dublin,  1724.)  This  canon  was  enacted  to  rob  our 
Baptist  Albigensian  fathers  of  the  Scriptures,  parts 
of  which  they  had  for  a  time  in  French,  and  subse- 
quently tlie  whole  of  them.  Their  version  was  a 
Baptist  work.  In  1520,  Denk  and  Ilaetzer,  two 
Anabiiptists,  commenced  the  translation  of  the  He- 
brew Bible  in  Strasburg.  and  succeeded  well  with 
the  prophets,  which  were  published  early  in  the 
following  year,  nearly  five  years  before  Luther's 
Bible.  The  Rev.  Henry  Jessey  had  a  translation 
of  the  St-riptures  prepared  in  1600,  when  the  per- 
secutions that  followed  the  acce.ssion  of  Charles  II. 
to  the  throne  of  England  rendered  its  publication 
impossible,  and  resulted  in  its  destruction. 

Dr.  William  Carey  translated  the  Scriptures  into 
Sanscrit,  Hindu,  Brijbbhassa,  Mahratta,  Bengali, 
Oriya,  'i'elinjja.  Karnata,  Maldivian,  Giirajattee 
Bulooslie,  Pushtoo,  Punjabi,  Kashmeer,  Assam, 
Barman,  Pali,  or  Magudha,  Tamul,  Cingalese,  Ar- 
menian, Maliiy,  Hindostani,  and  Persian.  Before 
the  death  of  Dr.  Carey  the  mission  press  at  Seram- 
pore  had  sent  forth  the  Scriptures  in  forty  difierent 
languages  and  dialects,  the  tongues  of  330,000,000 
of  human  beings. 

Dr.  Judson  translated  the  Scriptures  into  Bur- 
mese, Dr.  Marshiiian  into  Chinese,  Dr.  Ma.son  into 
Sgau  Karen,  Dr.  Nathan  Brown  into  Japanese. 
Dr.  H.  F.  Buckner  translated  the  gospel  of  John 
into  the  language  of  the  Creek  Indians.  The  New 
Testament,  "  with  several  hundred  emendations,' 
was  edited  by  Spencer  H.  Cone  and  William  H. 
WyckofT.  The  American  Bible  Union,  controlled 
by  Baptists,  though  not  exclusively  composed  of 
thera,  revised  the  entire  English  New  Testament, 
and  a  large  part  of  the  Old ;  and  they  also  re- 
vised the  Spanish  and  Italian  New  Testaments, 
and  made  a  new  translation  into  the  Ningpo  collo- 
quial dialect  of  China.  It  may  be  added  that  the 
Bible  Union  did  much  to  create  the  public  opinion 
that  lias  resulted  in  the  movement  in  England  to 
make  a  revision  of  the  Bible  of  1611.  The  Rev. 
Joseph  .S.  C.  F.  Frcy  edited  an  edition  of  Van  I>er 
Ilooght's  Hebrew  Bible. 

Dr.  John  Gill  was  the  author  of  a  commentary 
on  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  in  nine  quarto 
volumes.  This  great  work  was  republished  in 
Pliiladolphia  by  a  Presbyterian  in  1819,  and  in 
Ireland  many  years  later  by  an  Episcopal  clergy- 
man. It  is  the  richest  treasury  of  Biblical  and  Ori- 
ental learning  and  of  gospel  truth  which  exists  in 
the  form  of  a  commentary.  Dr.  John  Fawcett  was 
the  author  of  a  commentary  in  two  folio  volumes. 
The  Baptist  Publication  Society  is  preparing  a  com- 
mentary under  such  auspices  as  will  secure  the 
fruits  of  the  ripest  scholarship  and  of  the  most  re- 
cent discoveries  in  Bilile  lands.     Robert  Haldane 


was  the  author  of  "  Notes  on  the  Epistle  of  the 
Romans,"  and  a  work  upon  ■'  The  Verbal  Inspira- 
tion of  the  Scriptures."  Dr.  C.  M.  Du  Veil,  a  con- 
verted Israelite,  led  to  embrace  Baptist  sentiments 
when  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  by  reading  our 
books  in  the  library  of  the  bishop  of  London,  to 
which  he  had  access,  in  1085,  published  '"  A  Literal 
Explanation  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles."  James 
A.  Haldane  wrote  an  '"Exposition  of  the  Epistle  to 
the  Galatians."  Prof.  II.  J.  Ripley  prepared 
"Notes  on  the  Gospels  and  Acts,"  and  on  the 
"  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews."  Prof.  Ilackett  wrote  a 
commentary  on  the  ''  Acts  of  the  Apostles  ;"  Spur- 
geon  has  a  commentary  upon  the  Psalms,  called 
"  The  Treasury  of  David,''  in  six  volumes.  Dr. 
Adiel  Sherwood  was  the  author  of  "  Notes  on  the 
New  Testament."  Dr.  George  W.  Clark  has  pre- 
pared "  Notes  on  the  Gospels." 

Rev.  William  Jones  was  the  author  of  "  A  Dic- 
tionary of  the  Sacred  Writings."  Dr.  Ilacket  edited 
an  American  issue  of  Smith's  "Dictionary  of  the 
Bible,"  to  the  English  edition  of  which  he  con- 
tributed thirty  articles.  John  Canne  spent  "more 
than  thrice  seven  years"  in  preparing  marginal 
references  for  the  English  Bible.  A  marginal 
Bible,  printed  in  1747.  now  before  the  writer,  after 
the  dedication  to  King  James,  presents  Mr.  Canne's 
"  Letter  to  the  Reader."  Dr.  Malcom's  "  Diction- 
ary of  Names,  Objects,  and  Terras  Found  in  the 
Holy  Scriptures"  has  had  a  circulation  of  nearly 
200,000. 

Dr.  Samuel  G.  Green's  "  Handbook  to  the 
Grammar  of  the  New  Testament,  Together  with 
a  Complete  Vocabulary  (Lexicon)  and  an  Exami- 
nation of  the  Chief  New  Testament  Synonyms,"  is 
a  work  of  great  learning  and  value. 

RELIGIOUS   WORKS. 

In  this  list  we  might  include  a  large  number  of 
the  books  written  by  primitive  Christians,  whose 
authors,  like  Justin  Martyr,  speak  only  of  the 
"  washing  in  water,"  of  "  persuaded  believers" 
(Just.  Philos.  Mart.  Apol.  I.  Pro  Christ.  Patrol. 
Grreca  VI.  p.  2-10,  Migne),  or  of  trained  catechu- 
nieni.  Tertullian  in  his  orthodox  dajs  wrote  on 
the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism  like  a  very  zeal- 
ous Baptist,  and  a  part  of  his  works  might  be  legiti- 
mately reckoned  to  the  credit  of  Bapti.sts.  The 
Confession  of  St.  Patrick,  and  his  Letter  to  Caroti- 
cus,  are  Baptist  productions  ;  he  immersed  throngs 
of  believers  in  wells  in  various  parts  of  Ireland. 
The  Swiss  Anabaptist  Confession  of  1527.  as  far  as 
it  goes,  is  almost  entirely  in  harmony  with  modern 
Baptist  opinions.  The  religious  literature  of  this 
period,  of  the  sober  Anabaptists  of  the  Continent 
of  Europe,  may  be  largely  claimed  by  our  denomi- 
nation to-day.  The  writings  of  Leonard  Busher 
and  others  "On  Liberty  of  Conscience,"  from  1614 


LITERATI' lit: 


708 


JATKUATURE 


to  1661.  published  by  the  Ilanserd  Knollys  Society, 
sire  vigorous  Baptist  productions.  Tlie  Confes- 
.>iions,  issued  by  the  sjime  society,  beginning  with 
1611  and  ending  witli  16S9,  belong  to  us. 

"Tropologia,  or  a  Key  to  Open  Scripture  Meta- 
phors," and  "  Gospel  Mysteries  Unveiled,  or  an  Ex- 
position of  all  the  Parables,''  are  the  two  most 
popular  works  of  the  celelirated  Benjamin  Keach. 
Tlie  "  E-xposition  of  all  the  Parables"  is  more  fre- 
<(uently  offered  for  sale  now  in  London  catalogues 
of  second-hand  books,  than  any  of  the  works  of 
John  Howe,  Dr.  John  Owen,  or  Bishop  Jeremy 
Taylor.  John  Bunyan's  works,  in  761  royal  oc- 
tavo double-column  pages,  of  which  the  "  Pilgrim's 
Progress"  occupies  but  120,  are  not  as  well  known 
lis  tliey  should  be,  except  "Grace  Abounding," 
•'The  Holy  War,"  and  "  The  Pilgrim's  Progress." 
Of  the  last,  we  may  truly  say  that  it  is  the  most 
popular  book  ever  written.  Until  1847  it  had  been 
translated  into  French,  Flemish,  Dutch,  Welsh, 
Gaelic,  Irish,  Hebrew,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Italian, 
Danish,  German,  Armenian,  Burmese,  Cingalese, 
Oriasa,  Ilindostani,  Bengali,  Tamul,  Mahratta, 
Canarese,  Gujaratti,  Malay,  Arabic,  Samoan,  Ta- 
liitian,  Pehuana,  Behuana,  Malagasy,  New  Zea- 
land, and  Latin ;  and  undoubtedly  it  has  been 
translated  into  several  languages  since  that  time. 
Tlie  prose  writings  of  John  Milton  were  iiuiiicrous 
nnd  popular.  Some  of  these  wore  political,  like 
Ills  first  and  second  "  Defence  of  the  People  of 
England ;"  but  a  number  of  them  treated  of  ecclesi- 
astical questions,  like  his  "  Reformation  in  Eng- 
land," his  "  Prelatical  Episcopacy,"  his  "  National 
Establishments  of  Religion,"  his  "  True  Religion, 
Heresy,  Schism,  and  Toleration  ;"  others  were  de- 
voted to  "  Educaticm,"  "The  History  of  Britain," 
and  to  miscellaneous  subjects.  His  Treatise  "On 
Christian  Doctrine,"  edited  by  Charles  R.  Sumner, 
librarian  and  historiographer  to  his  majesty,  and 
prebendiary  of  Canterbury,  and  published  in  1825, 
is  a  very  remarkable  work.  In  it  there  are  some 
opinions  from  which  we  decidedly  dissent,  but  upon 
many  questions,  and  conspicuously  about  the  mode 
and  subjects  of  baptism,  Milton  was  a  strong  Bap- 
tist. "  Anti-Christ  Unmasked,"  by  Henry  Denne; 
"The  Necessity  for  Separation  from  the  Church 
of  England,"  by  John  Canne ;  Delaune's  "Plea 
for  Nonconformists,"  according  to  Daniel  De  Foe, 
^'perfect  in  itself;  never  author  left  behind  him  a 
more  finished  piece  ;"  in  1739  it  bad  passed  through 
seventeen  editions;  "111  News  from  New  Eng- 
land, &c.,"  by  John  Clarke,  a  celebrated  work  in 
defense  of  liberty  of  conscience. 

"  Gill's  Body  of  Divinity''  and  his  other  theologi- 
cal works  are  invaluable.  The  works  of  Andrew 
Fuller,  in  10 12  double-column  imperial  octavo  pages, 
are  neces.s.ary  to  the  completeness  of  any  Protestant 
theological  libr.ary.  The  works  of  Robert  Hall,  in  six 


r2mo  volumes,  breathe  the  eloquence  which  made 
their  author  the  greatest  preacher  of  bis  day,  and 
the  equal  of  any  orator  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race. 
The  following  works  are  favorably  known:  Buck's 
"  Philosophy  of  Religion,"  Pendleton's  "  Christian 
Doctrines,"  "  Baptist  Doctrines,"  edited  by  C.  A. 
Jenkens  ;  Dagg's  "  Moral  Science,"  "  Evidences  of 
Christianity,"  and  "Manual  of  Theology,"  Stock's 
"  Handbook  of  Revealed  Theology,"  Carson  on 
"  The  Knowledge  of  Jesus,  the  Most  Excellent  of 
the  Sciences,"  and  "  The  Providence  of  God  Un- 
folded in  the  Book  of  Esther."  The  works  of 
Archibald  McLean,  in  six  volumes,  12mo;  "Help 
to  Zion's  Travelers,"  by  Robert  Hall,  Sr. ;  "  Ex- 
hortations Relating  to  Prayer  and  the  Lord's 
Supper,"  by  Benjamin  Wallin  ;  "  First  Fruits,'  and 
"  I'rimitive  Theology,"  by  Henry  llolcombe;  Ed- 
mund Botsford's  "Spiritu.al  Voyages  ;"  "  Writing.s 
of  John  Leland,"  by  L.  F.  Green;  complete  works 
of  Abraham  Booth  ;  "  Church  Order,"  "  The  Elec- 
tion of  Gr.ace,"  "Internal  Call  to  the  Ministry," 
and  "Sermons,"  by  Isaac  Backus;  "Treatise  on 
V^irious  Subjects,"  .and  "  V'indication  of  Natural 
Religion,"  by  John  Brine;  Magowan's  "Dialogues 
of  Devils,"  "  The  Deity  and  Atonement  of  Christ," 
by  John  Marshman  ;  the  works  of  John  II.  Ilintun. 
in  seven  volumes  12mo  ;  the  writings  of  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland,  educational,  philosophical,  and  religious  ; 
the  "  Miscellanies,"  and  "  Lectures  on  Baptist  His- 
tory," of  William  R.  Williams  ;  Angus's  "  Hand- 
book of  the  Bible,"  "  The  Power  of  the  Cross," 
hy  Richard  Fuller;  "Apostolic  Church  Polity," 
by  William  Williams  :  "  Preaching:  its  Ideal  and 
Inner  Life,"  by  Thomas  Armitago ;  "  Prepanition 
and  Delivery  of  Sermons,"  by  John  A.  Broadus  ; 
"AVheat  from  the  Fields  of  Boaz,"  by  A.  G. 
Thomas ;  "  Christian  Experience,''  by  D.  W. 
Faunce  ;  "  The  Atonement,"  by  Octavius  Winslow  ; 
"The  Atonement,"  by  J.  A.  Haldane ;  "Soul 
Prosperity,"  by  C.  D.  Mallary ;  "  Maxcy's  Lit- 
erary Remains,"  by  Romeo  Elton  ;  "  Lectures  on 
Biblical  Antiquities,"  by  F.  A.  Cox;  "Christ  in 
History,"  by  Robert  Turnbull ;  "  The  Apostolical 
Constitutions,  including  the  Canons,"  by  Irali 
Chase;  "Internal  Evidences  of  Christianity,"  by 
John  Aldis  ;  "  Book  of  Worship  for  Private  Fami- 
lies," "  The  Sanctuary,  Its  Claims  and  Power," 
by  W.  AV.  Everts  ;  "  Pulpit  Eloquence,"  by  Henry 
C.  Fish  ;  "  The  Spirit,  Policy,  and  Influence  of 
Baptists,"  by  T.  G.  Jones  ;  "  Black  Diamonds," 
"  Great  Wondens  in  Little  Things,"  and  "  Ocean 
Gardens,"  by  Sidney  Dyer  ;  "  A  Pcdobaptist  Church 
no  Homo  for  a  Baptist,''  by  R.  T.  Middlediteh  ; 
"Baptist  History,  Faith,  and  Polity,''  by  I).  B. 
Cheney;  "  Encyclopedia  of  Religious  Knowledge," 
by  J.  Newton  Brown  ;  "  Campbellism  Examined," 
by  J.  B.  Jeter ;  "  Morning  by  Morning,"  and 
"  Evening  by  Evening,"  by  C.  II.'  Spurgeon  ;  "  The 


LITERATURE 


709 


LITERATURE 


Church,  its  Polity  and  Ordinances,"  by  II.  Harvey; 
"  Baptist  Short  Method,"  by  Kdward  Iliscox  ;  "  The 
Papal  System  from  its  Orii^in  to  the  Present 
Time,"  "  A  Historical  Sketch  of  Every  Doctrine, 
Claim,  and  Practice  of  the  Church  of  Rome,"  by 
William  Cathcart ;  "History  of  Romanism,"  by 
John  Dowlin^  ;  "  The  Pernicious  Effects  of  Infant 
Haptism,"  by  Norman  Fox  ;  "  The  Philosophy  of 
Atheism  Examined  and  Compared  with  Christi- 
anity," by  B.  Godwin  :  "  Duties  of  a  Pastor  to  his 
Church,"  by  Franklin  Wilson  ;  Dr.  Malcom's 
"  Trjivels  in  South-Eastern  Asia,"  "  A  Year's  Tour 
in  the  Holy  Land."  by  S.  D.  Phelps  ;  "  Plea  for  Bap- 
tist Principles,"  by  G.  W.  Anderson;  "Text-Book 
of  Campbellism,"  by  D.  B.  Ray;  "Text-Book  of 
Popery,"  by  J.  M.  Cramp ;  Dr.  J.  R.  Graves  is  amon^ 
the  first  of  livinj;  Baptist  writers,  his  last  work  is 
"Old  Landniarkism,  What  is  it?"  "  Religious  De- 
nominations in  the  United  States  and  Great  Bri- 
tain," by  Joseph  Belcher  ;  "The  Creative  Week," 
and  "The  Mountain  Instruction,"  by  George  Dana 
Boardman  ;  "  Priscilla,"  by  Joseph  Baiivard  ; 
"  Western  Empire,  or  the  Drama  of  Human  Pro;^- 
ress,"  by  E.  L.  Magoon  ;  "  Corrective  Church  Dis- 
cipline," and  "  Parliamentary  Practice,"  by  Chan- 
cellor P.  II.  JNIell. 

Sermons  in  volumes  have  been  published  very 
extensively  by  Baptists.  In  187G,  Spurgeon  had 
issued  twenty-one  volumes.  Some  of  his  sermons 
have  been  translated  into  German,  Danish,  Swe- 
dish, French,  Italian,  and  AVelsh.  Maclaren  has 
published  sermons  which  have  been  very  popular. 
We  shall  only  add  the  following  as  authors  of 
volumes  of  sermons:  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett,  Dr. 
William  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  Dr.  Samuel  Stillman, 
llev.  Oliver  Hart,  and  Rev.  William  Parkinson. 

The  following  are  among  a  large  number  of  works 
on  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper :  "  Anti-Pedo- 
baptisni,"  by  John  Tombes  (Mr.  Tombes  wrote 
fourteen  distinct  works  on  baptism)  ;  "A  Treatise 
of  Baptism,  wherein  that  of  Believers  and  that  of 
Infants  is  Examined  by  the  Scriptures,"  by  Henry 
D'Anvers ;  "  Anti-Piedo-Rantism,  or  Mr.  Samuel 
Finley's  Charitable  Plea  for  the  Speechless  Exam- 
ined and  Refuted,  the  Baptism  of  IJelievers  Main- 
tained, anil  the  Mode  of  it  by  Immersion  Vindi- 
cated," by  Abel  Jlorgan,  Philadelphia,  [irinted  by 
B.  Franklin,  in  Market  Street,  1747;  Mr.  Finley 
was  subsequently  president  of  New  Jersey,  now 
Princeton,  College;  "  The  Baptism  of  John"  and 
"  Letters  on  Baptism,"  by  Thomas  Baldwin  ;  "  Pe- 
dobaptism  Examined,''  by  Abraham  Booth  ;  "  In- 
fant Baptism  a  Part  and  Pillar  of  Popery,"  by 
John  Gill  ;  "  History  of  Baptism,"  by  Robert  Rgb- 
inson  ;  "  Scripture  Guide  to  Baptism,"  by  Richard 
Pengilly  ;  Gale's  "Reflections  on  Wall's  History 
of  Infant  Baptism;"  "Baptism,  a  Term  of  Com- 
munion  at  the   Lord's  Supper,"  by  Joseph  King- 


horn  ;  "  Baptism  in  its  Mode  and  Subjects,"  by 
Alexander  Carson  ;  "  Infant  Baptism  an  Invention 
of  Men,"  by  Irah  Chase  ;  "  Essay  on  Christian 
Baptism,''  by  B.  W.  Noel  ;  "  Baptism  and  Terms 
of  Communion,"  by  Richard  Fuller;  "Doctrine  of 
Baptism  on  the  Principles  of  Biblical  Interpreta- 
tion," by  J.  J.  Woolsey  ;  "  Baptism,"  by  F.  W. 
Broaddus  ;  "Handbook  on  the  Mode  of  Baptism," 
and  "Handbook  on  the  Subjects  of  Baptism,"  by 
Robert  Ingham;  "  Theodosia  Ernest,"  by  A.  C. 
Dayton;  "Grace  Truman,"  by  Mrs.  S.  R.  Ford; 
"  Baptism  and  Baptisteries,"'  by  W.  Cote  ;  "  The 
Meaning  and  Use  of  Baptizein  Philologically  and 
lIisto\^ically  Investigated,"  by  T.  J.  Conant; 
Howell  on  Communion  ;  "  Immersion  Essential  to 
Christian  Baptism,"  by  John  A.  Broadus  ;  "  Church 
Communion  as  Practised  by  the  Baptists,"  by  W. 
W.  Gardner  ;  "  Studies  on  the  Baptismal  Question," 
by  D.  B.  Ford  ;  "  Baptism  in  Harmony  in  the  East 
and  in  the  West,"  by  J.  C.  Long;  "The  Position 
of  Baptism  in  the  Christian  System,"  by  Henry 
II.  Tucker ;  "  History  of  Baptism,''  by  Isaac  T. 
Hinton ;  "The  Act  of  Baptism,"  by  Henry  S. 
Burrage ;  "  The  Baptism  of  the  Ages  and  of  the 
Nations,"  by  Wm.  Cathcart. 

The  following  histories  were  written  hij  liaptists: 
Keach's  "History  of  the  English  Baptists,''  Cros- 
by's "  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Ivimey's 
"  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Orchard's 
"  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  Taylor's  "His- 
tory of  the  General  Baptists,"  Robinson's  "  His- 
torical Researches,''  Backus's  "  History  of  the 
Baptists,"  Cramp's  "Baptist  History,"  Benedict's 
"  History  of  the  Baptists,"  "  Materials  for  a  His- 
tory of  the  Baptists  in  Delaware  and  in  other 
States,"  by  Morgan  Edwards  ;  Scrapie's  "  History 
of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Baptists  in  Vir- 
ginia," Cook's  "Delaware  Baptists,''  Orchard's 
"  History  of  Foreign  Baptists,"  "  Historical  Vin- 
dications," by  S.  S.  Cutting;  Duncan's  "History 
of  the  Baptists,"  "  The  Einly  En-lish  Baptists," 
by  Benjamin  Evans ;  Aspluiul's  ■'  Baptist  Regis- 
ter," Hague's  "  Historical  Discourse,"  Callender's 
"Historical  Discour.«e  on  the  Civil  and  Religious 
Affairs  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Planta- 
tions ;"  the  materials  gathered  by  John  Comer  for 
a  history  of  American  Baptist  churches  are  of 
great  value  to  all  who  have  engaged  in  the  under- 
taking, from  which  death  removed  the  talented 
collector;  Curry's  "Struggles  and  Triumphs  of 
Virginia  Baptists,"  Ilayne's  "Baptist  Denomina- 
tion, its  History  and  Doctrines,"  Ford's  "Origin 
of  the  Baptists."  Wm.  Jones's  "Church  History," 
"Sketch  of  the  Lower  Dublin,  or  Pennepek 
Church,"  by  H.  G.  Jones ;  "  History  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  Newport,"  by  C.  E.  Barrows ; 
"Religious  Liberty  and  the  Baptists,''  by  C.  C. 
Bitting;    Anderson's    "Annals    of    the    English 


LITERA  TUllE 


710 


LITERATURE 


Bible,"  R;iy's  "Baptist  Succession,"'  Mrs.  T.  J. 
Conant's  ''  History  of  the  Enirlisli  Bible,"'  Curtis's 
"  Progress  of  Biiptist  Principles,""  Cox's  "  History 
of  Enjjlish  15a|)tist  Missions,""  Ganiniers  "  History 
of  American  Baptist  Missions,"'  McCoy's  "  History 
•of  Baptist  Missions  among  American  Indians," 
"Baptists  and  the  American  Hevolution,"  by  Wm. 
Catlicart ;  "Annals  of  the  Christian  Commission,"' 
l>y  Lemuel  Moss ;  "  History  of  Missions,"  by 
John  0.  Choiiles;  "Biinhill  Memorials,"'  l)y  J.  A, 
•Jones;  Bunhill  is  the  London  cemetery  for  Dis- 
senters, where  the  ashes  of  Bunyan  repose; 
'' Manning  and  Brown  University,"  l)y  Reuben  A. 
Guild;  "The  Baptist  Encyclopaedia,"'  edited  by 
William  Cathcart. 

lilOCRAPHIES. 

"Life  of  Colonel  Hutchinson,  '  written  by  his 
•widow  Lucy  ;'  "  Ivimey's  "  Life  of  John  Milton  ;" 
"Life  of  Henry  Dunster,"  first  president  of  Har- 
vard College,  by  Jeremiah  Chaplin ;  "  Life  of 
AVilliam  Kiffin,"  by  Joseph  Ivimey  ;  "Virginia 
Baptist  Ministers,"  by  J.  B.  Taylor;  Hovey's 
■"  Life  and  Times  of  Isa.ac  B.aokus  ;"  Lives  of  Roger 
Williams,  by  J.  D.  Knowles,  Romeo  Elton,  AVil- 
liam Gammel,  and  Benjamin  Evans  ;  AVallin's 
"  Life  of  Dr.  -John  Gill,"  Wilkin's  "  Life  of  Joseph 
Kinghorn,"  Gregory's  "  Life  of  Robert  Hall," 
Fuller's  "Life  of  Samuel  Pearce,"  "Memoirs  of 
Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine  Judson,"  by  J.  D.  Knowles ; 
•"  Memoir  of  Dr.  Judson,"  by  Francis  AVayland  ; 
■"  Memoir  of  Dr.  Wayland,"  by  F.  and  H.  L.  Way- 
land;  a  "  Biogra|ihical  Sketch  of  Sir  Henry  Have- 
lock,"  by  AVilliam  Brock;  "Life  of  Mrs.  Lydia 
Malcom,"'  by  H.  iMalcom  ;  "  Life  of  .Jesse  Mercer," 
by  C.  D.  Mallary;  "Life  of  Luther  Rice,"  by 
James  B.Taylor;  "Life  and  Times  of  James  B. 
Taylor,"  by  George  B.  Taylor ;  "  Life  and  Writings 
of  Robert  Robinson,"  by  George  Dyer;  "Life  of 
Joseph  Stennett,"'  by  D.Turner;  "  Memoirs  of  Mrs. 
Tlieiidosia  Dean,"  by  Pharcellus  Church  ;  "  Life  of 
Rev.  Duncan  Dunbar,"  by  Jeremiah  Chaplin  ;  "  Life 
of  William  Knibb,"  by  J.  Howard  Ilinton  ;  "  Life 
of  Rev.  Thomas  Burchell,"  by  AV.  F.  Burchell  ; 
"  Life  of  Dr.  Eugonio  Kincaid,"  by  Alfred  Patton  ; 
"Life  of  Joseph  Ivimey,"  by  George  Pritchard ; 
"  Life  of  Dr.  Richard  Fuller,'"'  by  J.  II.  Cuthbert ; 
"  Life  of  Mrs.  Shuck,"  "  Life  of  Andrew  Broaddus," 
and  "Life  of  Daniel  Witt,"  by  J.  B.  Jeter;  "Life 
of  John  Thomas,"  by  C.  B.  Lewis,  the  first  Baptist 
who  preached  the  gospel  in  India;  "The  Life  of 
John  Bates,"  by  Justin  A.  Smith  ;  "  Memoir  of 
Andrew  Fuller,"  by  A.  G.  Fuller  ;  "  Memoir  of 
Dr.  AVilliam  Stoughton,"  by  S.  AV.  Lynd  ;  "  Life 
and  Ciirrespondence  of  John  Foster,"  by  J.  E. 
Ryland  ;  Lives  of  Carey,  Marshman,  and  Ward,  by 
J.  C.  Miirshman  ;  "  Life  of  John  P.  Crozer,"  by 
J.  AVheaton  Smith  ;  "  Life  of  Dr.  Joseph  II.  Ken- 


nard,"  by  J.  Spencer  Kennard  ;  "  Life  of  Spencer 
II.  Cone,  D.D.,"  Ijy  Edward  and  S.  AV.  Cone  ;  "  Au- 
tobiography of  John  Gano,"  "  Memoir  of  Dr.  Baron 
Stow,"  by  J.  C.  Stockbridge;  "Life  of  Mrs.  E.  C. 
Judson,"  by  A.  C.  Kendrick  ;  "  JMemoir  of  Gov-  , 
ernor  George  N.  Briggs,"  by  W.  C.  Richards; 
"Life  of  John  M.  Peck,  D.D.,"  by  Rufus  Bab- 
cock;  "Life  of  William  Colgate."  by  W.  W.  Ev- 
erts; "Life  of  Joseph  G.  Biiiney,  D.D.,"'  by  Mrs. 
J.  G.  Binney. 

GENERAL  LITERARY  WORKS. 
Ilanserd  Knollys  wrote  a  Hebrew,  Latin,  and 
English  grammar  ;  Dr.  Carey  a  Mahratta  grammar, 
a  Sanscrit  grammar  extending  over  a  thousand 
quarto  pages,  a  Punjabi  grammar,  a  Telinga  gram- 
mar, and  a  Mahratta  dictionary,  a  Bengali  dic- 
tionary, and  a  Bhotanta  and  a  Sanscrit  dictionary. 
Dr.  Judson  made  a  Burmese  dictionary,  and  Dr. 
Mason  a  Pali  grammar.  Dr.  J.  AVade  was  the  au- 
thor of  a  Karen  dictionary,  and  Dr.  II.  F.  Buckner 
prepared  a  grammar  of  the  language  of  the  Creek 
Indians.  The  "  Essays''  of  John  Foster  are  among 
the  finest  productions  in  the  literature  of  our 
tongue.  Sir  James  Mackintosh  justly  describes 
their  author  as  "  one  of  the  most  profound  and 
eloquent  writers  that  England  has  produced."  Dr. 
Gill's  "  Anti(piity  of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Let- 
ters, Vowel  Points,  and  Accents"  has  been  pro- 
perly represented  "  as  a  masterly  effort  of  profound 
research,  which  would  have  shown  Dr.  Gill  to  be  a 
prodigy  of  learning,  of  reading,  and  of  literature 
had  be  never  published  a  syllable  on  any  other 
subject."  "  Orators  and  Oratory"  is  one  <if  several 
able  works  from  the  jien  of  William  Matthews. 
LL.D.  John  M.  Gregory,  LL.D.,  wrote  "  A  Hand- 
book of  History."  Dr.  Mason  wrote  "Burmah. 
its  People  and  Natural  Productions,  or  Notes  on 
the  Natives,  Fauna,  Flora,  .and  Minerals,  &c. ;" 
F.  S.  Dobbins,  "F.alse  Gods;"  James  De  Mille, 
"The  Dodge  Club;''  John  Ash,  LL.D..  "A  Gram- 
mar and  Dictionary  iif  the  English  Language;' 
Rev.  F.  Denison,  the  "  History  of  the  First  Rhode 
Island  Cav.alry,"  and  the  "  History  of  the  Third 
Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artillery;"  Col.  C.  II.  Banes, 
the  "  History  of  the  Philadelphia  Brigade;"  Dr. 
.James  T.  Champlin,  a  "  'fext-Book  of  Intellectual 
Philosophy."  Prof  Cleveland  Abbe  for  ten  years 
has  been  meteorologist  of  the  bureau  of  the  army 
signal  office,  in  which  he  compiles  the  published 
weather  probabilities,  the  storm  signals,  monthly 
reviews,  and  international  bulletin.  He  has  m.ide 
numerous  contributions  to  the  Amcrii-an  Journal 
of  Science,  Mmith/i/  Kulices,  Royal  Astronomical 
Society,  the  Smithsonian  Annual  Reports,  and  to 
Appleton's  and  -Johnson's  Encyclopaedias.  Rev. 
.John  Howard  Hinton  wrote  a  "  History  of  the 
United   States ;"   Lieut.-Gov.  Arnold,  a  "  History 


LITER  A  TURK 


711 


LITERATURE 


of  Rhode  Island  ;"  Dr.  Joseph  Anjjiis,  "  The  Hiind- 
Ijook  of  tlie  English  Toni;ue,"  ''  Tlie  Handbook  of 
Enjrlish  Literature,"  and  "  Specimens  of  Eni^lish 
Literature;"  Dr.  Hackett  translated  Winer's 
Chaldee  Grammar  and  published  his  own  exer- 
cises in  Hebrew  grammar  ;  Dr.  Benjamin  Davies 
prepared  a  "Student's  Grammar"  and  a  "Stu- 
dent's Lexicon"  of  the  Hebrew  language;  Dr.  T. 
J.  C'onant  translated  (iesenius's  Hebrew  grammar, 
which  he  enlarged  and  improved  ;  this  work  is  now 
the  standard  of  the  schools  in  America  and  Europe. 
Joseph  S.  C.  F.  Frey  was  the  author  of  a  Hebrew 
grammar,  the  ninth  American  edition  of  which 
appeared  in  1835;  he  also  compiled  a  Hebrew  lex- 
icon. Dr.  Leochman  wrote  a  work  on  logic.  Prof 
Noah  K.  Davis  has  published  "  Tlie  Theory  of 
Thought,  a  Treatise  on  Deductive  Logic ;"  and 
President  D.  J.  Hill  has  issued  "  The  Elements  of 
Rhetoric"  and  "  The  Science  of  Rhetoric."  Dr. 
K.  Brooks,  in  "  Baptists  and  the  National  Centen- 
ary," says,  "Dr.  William  Stoughton  prepared  an 
edition  of  Virgil,  which  had  extensive  use  in  his 
day.  Adoniram  Judson  published  an  English  gram- 
mar before  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  Christian 
ministry.  Dr.  Francis  Wayland  was  the  author  of 
very  popular  treatises  on  moral  science,  intellectual 
philosophy,  and  political  economy.  Dr.  A.  C.  Kcn- 
drick  has  published  introductory  text-books  in 
Greek  and  an  edition  of  '  Xenophon's  Anabasis  ;' 
Dr.  Hackett,  '  Plutarch  on  the  Delay  of  the  Deity 
in  Punishing  the  Guilty  ;'  Dr.  John  L.  Lincoln 
edited  Livy  and  Horace.  Dr.  J.  R.  Boise  has 
given  to  the  pulilic  seven  volumes  of  Greek  text- 
books, and  Dr  Albert  Harkness  eight  volumes  of 
Latin  text-boi  ts  and  one  of  Greek.  Dr.  J.  T. 
Champlain  has  published  a  large  number  of  school- 
bonks,  including  treatises  on  ethics  and  intellec- 
tual philosophy,  and  editions  of  Demosthenes  and 
.^schines.  Dr.  J.  K.  Loomis  is  the  author  of 
treatises  on  geology,  anatomy,  and  physiology. 
Dr.  S.  S.  Greene  has  published  a  series  of  English 
grammars ;  Prof.  S.  P.  Sanford,  a  series  of  arith- 
metics ;  Prof.  J.  F.  Stoddard,  a  series  of  arithmetics 
and  algebras;  and  Dr.  Edward  Olney,  a  series  of 
mathematical  text-books,  covering  the  whole  ground 
of  school  and  college  study.  Dr.  J.  H.  Hanson  has 
edited  two  volumes  of  the  Latin  authors  usually 
read  in  preparation  for  college.  Dr.  G.  W.  San- 
son! is  the  author  of  a  volume  on  art  criticism  : 
Dr.  S.  H.  Carpenter,  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  grammar; 
and  Prof.  James  G.  Clark,  of  a  treatise  on  the 
'  Dilfcrcntial  and  Integral  Calculus;'  Dr.  A.  A. 
Gould  was  associated  with  Agassiz  in  preparing  a 
treatise  on  geology,"  and  Prof.  S.  M.  Shute,  D.D., 
"  A  Manual  of  Anglo-Saxon,  comprising  a  Gram- 
mar, Reader,  and  Glossary." 

The  amount  of  secular  literature  coming  from 
the  intellect  and   the   learning  of  Baptists  is  im- 


mense.    They  have  written  a  multitude  of  books, 
and  control  many  influential  secular  newspapers. 

POETICAL  WORKS. 
"Paradise  Lost,"  by  John  Milton;  Miss  Ann 
Steele's  "  Hymns  and  Poems"  were  published  in 
three  volumes  in  17S0.  Dr.  John  Fawcett  was  the 
author  of  156  hymns  which  were  printed  in  1782. 
Benjamin  Beddome  wrote  many  precious  hymns  : 
Benjamin  Wallen,  a  book  of  hymns,  published  in 
1750;  Samuel  Medley,  a  work  with  232  hymns; 
John  Fellows,  a  book  with  55  hymns.  Turner's 
"  Divine  Songs,  Hymns,  and  Other  Poems"  were 
published  in  1748.  Joseph  Swain  wrote  129  hymns, 
which  were  issued  in  1792.  Samuel  Stennett  fur- 
nished 40  hymns  to  Dr.  Rippon  in  1787  for  his 
"  Selection."  Edward  Mote  published  a  "  Selection" 
of  hymns  in  1797.  108  of  which  were  written  by 
himself;  and  Dr.  Edmund  Turney  wrote  "Baptis- 
mal Harmonies,"  containing  30  hymns  and  chants; 
Richard  Furman  was  the  author  of  "  Pleasures  of 
Piety,  and  Other  Poems ;"  but  no  considerable  part 
of  our  poetical  treasures  can  be  recorded  in  thi.s 
article;  with  Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  Hon.  Charles  Thurber. 
Prof.  J.  II.  Gilmore,  Dr.  Robert  Lowry,  Dr.  Sidney 
Dyer,  and  others  among  the  living,  and  Milton  and 
a  large  number  among  the  dead,  we  have  great 
reason  to  bless  God  for  our  gifts.  (See  article  on 
Hymns  and  their  Authors.) 

SUNDAY-SCHOOL   LITERATURE. 

The  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  has 
1326  works  on  its  list,  of  which  444  are  for  Sun- 
day-school libraries.  These  were  written  with 
great  care  and  ability.  Many  others  have  been 
issued  by  private  publishers  in  difiFerent  sections  of 
our  country.  In  foreign  lands  Baptists  are  equally 
interested  in  providing  religious  books  for  the 
young,  and  the  efforts  which  they  have  used  for 
this  object  have  been  attended  with  great  success. 

In  periodicals  for  the  religious  instruction  of  the 
young  the  Baptists  have  shown  great  enterprise. 
The  Young  Reaper  is  probably  the  most  popular 
paper  in  existence  ;  its  pages  are  eagerly  read  Iiy 
hundreds  of  thousands.  Uur  Yuuiig  People,  in- 
tended for  the  period  between  childhood  and  adult 
years,  is  edited  with  great  ability,  and  has  a  large 
circulation.  The  Baptist  Publication  Society  has  a 
list  of  periodicals,  only  two  of  which  we  have  named, 
whose  pages  show  remarkable  aihiptation  to  the  vari- 
ous stages  of  childhood  and  youth  for  which  they 
are  intended.  Tlie  7'eacAcr,  designed  to  benefit  the 
young  through  their  instructors,  is  one  of  the  best 
Sunday-school  papers  in  existence.  Kind  H'oids, 
issued  by  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  is  a 
great  blessing  to  throngs  of  the  young.  Baptists 
of  all  nationalities  have  numbers  of  religious  papers 
for  the  enlightenment  of  the  rising  generation. 


LITERATURE 


712 


LITERATURE 


AMERICAN   PERIODICALS. 


Editor. 


Advanced  Bible  Lesson  Quarterly 

AlHbama  Baptist,  Tlu' 

American  Baptist  Klag 

American  Baptist,  The 

American  Baptist  Year-Buuk 

Baptist,  The 

Baptist  Banner 

Baptist  Banner 

Baptist  Bfacun,  The 

Baptist  (Vmrier,  The 

Baptist  Family  Magazine 

Baptist  Jonrnal,  The 

Baptifit  Missionary  3Iagaziiie 

Baptist  i'ionoor,  The 

Baptist  Ueroni,  The 

Baptist  lU-fli'L-tor,  Tlio 

Baptist  Iteview,  The 

Baptist  Signal 

Baptist  Teaihei' 

Baptist  Weekly,  The 

Biblical  Kocorder 

Bible  Lesson  Monthly 

Canadian  Hai'tist,  The 

Canadian  Missionary  Link 

Central  Baptist,  The 

Children's  Picture  Lesson 

Christian  Helper 

Christian  Index,  The 

Christian  Messenger,  The 

Christian  Monitor,  The 

Christian  Ut-pugitory 

Christian  Secretary 

Christian  Visitor 

Der  Muntere  8aeman  (German) 

Der  Senilbote  (German) 

Die  Soiiutags  Freude 

Der  Wegweiser 

Kvangel,  The 

Evangel,  The  ArkansaB -j 

Evangelisk  Tidskrift 

Examiner  and  Chronicle,  The 

Foreign  Journal 

Georgia  Baptist,  The 

Helping  Hand 

Herald  of  Truth... 

Intermediate  Lesson  Quarterly 

Journal  and  Messenger 

Kind  Words. ! 

Le  Moniteur i 

Michigan  Christian  Herald 

Missionary  Baptist ' 

Kfltioual  Baptist,  The | 

National  Monitor,  The 

National  Watchman 

New  Jersey  Baptist,  The 

Our  Little  Ones 

Our  Young  Peuple I 

Picture  Lesson  Cards ; 

Religious  Herald 

Standard,  The 

Texas  Biiptist,  The 

Tfxas  Baptist  Herald 

Vermont  Baptist,  The 

Watchman,  The 

Watch  Tower,  The 

Western  Recorder 

Young  Reaper 

Y  Wawr  (Welsh) 

Ziun^s  Advocate 


Dr.  C.  R.  Blackall 

E.  T.  Winkler,  D.D 

D.  B.  Kay,  D.D 

A.  C.  Caperton,  D.D 

Rev.  J.  G.  Walker 

J.  R.Graves,  LL.D 

James  1.  Morris 

Rev.  W.  P.  Th  log  morion... 

Rev.  W.  J.  Crawford 

Rev.  A.  W.  Lamar 

J.  Eugene  Reed 

Rev,  A.  R.  Griggs , 

S.  F.  Smith.  D.D 

W.  H.  Mc.Mpine 

Rev.  J.  B.  Gambrell 

J.  B.  Chevis 

J.  R.  Banm»H,  D.D 

J.  J.  Spelman 

P.S.  Henson.  D.D 

A.  S.Patton,  D.D 

Rev.  C.  T.  Brtilev 

Rev.  J.  W.  Willmarth 

Wm.  Muir 

Mrs.  H.  J.  R<«8e 

Wm.  Ferguson 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Kennedy 

H.  E.  Buchan,  M.D 

H.  H.  Tucker,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

S.  SeUbm 

Dr.  D.  M.  Breaker 

S.  H.  Ford,  LL.D 

S.  D.  Phelps,  D.D 

Rev.  J.  E.  Hopper 

Rev.  J.  (^,  Haselliuhn 

Kev.  J.  C.  Haselhuhn. 

Rev.  J.  C  Htiselhnhn 

Rev.  J.  C.  Haselhuhn 

Rev.  J.  T.  Prior 

B.  R.  Womask 

J.  B.  Searcy 

Prof.  J.  A.  Edgren 

E.  Bright,  D.D 

H.  A.  Tupper,  D.D 

Rev.  Wm.  J.  White 

G.  sV  Abbott]  D. D.V.'.'.  ".V." " 

Mrs.  JI.G.  Kennedy 

G.  W.  Lasher,   D.D 

Rev.  S.  Boykiu 

T.  Amyranld 

Rev.  L.  H.  Trowbridge 

C.  C.  Dickinsi>n 

H.  L.  Wayland,  D.D 

Rev.  R.  L.  Perry ..» 

Howard  Bunts,  Jr '. 

John  W.  Moody 

Dr.  C.  R.  Blackall 

A.  J.  Rowland,  D.D 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Kennedy , 

A.  E.  Dickinson,  D.D 

Prof.  H.  H.  Harris,  D.D... 

J.  A.  Smith,  D.D 

Rev.  R.  C.  Buckner 

J.  B.  Link,  D.D 

Rev.  J.  K.  Richardson 

Lucius  E.  Smith,  D.D 

J.  W.  Olmstead,  D.D 

A.  C.  Caperton,  D.D 

B  Griffith,  D.D 

0.  Griffith 

Rev.  H.  S.  Burrage 


Issued. 


Quarterly .. 
Weekly 


Monthly.. 

Yearly 

Weekly... 


Montlily.. 
Weekly.... 
Monthly- 


Weekly.. 


Quarterly  . 
Monthly... 


Weekly.. 


WhEHF.    Pini.lSHED.  I 


Fhiladclphia,  Pa. 
Marion,  Ala. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Louisville,  Ky. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
CHtmming,  Ga. 
Benton,  111. 
Albany,  Olegoli. 
Greenville,  s«.  (',. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Dallas,  Texob. 
Boston,  Mass. 
Slariun,  Ala. 
Clinton.  Miss. 
Nashville,  Toun. 
Cincinnati,  O. 
Jackson,  Miss. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
RaUigh,  N.  C. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Toronto,  Ontario. 


Monthly , 

Weekly 

Mthithly 

Weekly j  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Monthly Philadelphia,  Pa. 

**         I  Toronto,  Ontario. 

Weekly 


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Monthly.. 
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Atlanta,  Ga. 

Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 

Gainesville,  Ga. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 

Cleveland,  O. 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Little  Rock  and  Dardanelle. 


Monthly Chicago,  111. 

Weekly New  York,  N.  Y. 

Monthly Richmond,  Va. 

Weekly Augusta,  Ga. 

Monthly Boston,  Mass. 

Semi-munthly Oakland.  Cal. 

Quarterly Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Semi-monthly Cincinnati,  0. 

Weekly Macon,  Ga. 

"       Grauby,  Quebec. 

"       Detroit.  Midi. 

Semi-monthly j  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Weekly j   Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Semi-monthly ,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y'. 

Monthly .". 1   Albany,  Ga. 

Trenton,  N.  J. 


Weekly.,. 

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Chicago,  III. 
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Boston,  Mass. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Louisville,  Ky. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Utici,N.  Y. 
Portland,  Me. 


BRITISH   PERIODICALS. 

Tke  Baptist  Handbook^  yeiirly  ;  The  Baptist  Al- 
rrmnac,  yearly  ;  Tke  Baptist  Vear-Book  and  Alma- 
nac, yearly  ;  Tke  General  Baptist  Almanar,  yearly ; 
Spttrffeon's  lUustrated  Ahnanac,  yearly  :  The  Quar- 
terly Reporter  of  the  German  Baptist  Mission,  quar- 
terly; Baptist  Magazine,  monthly;  Baptist  Mes- 
sefiger,  monthly ;  Tke  Ckurck,  monthly ;  General 
Baptist  Magazine^  monthly;  Earthen  Vessel^ 
monthly ;  Gospel  Herald  and  Voice  of  Ti'uth, 
monthly;  Missionary  Herald,   monthly;    Juvenile 


Misslonajy  Herald,  monthly  ;  Sword  and  Trowel, 
monthly  ;  The  Irish  Baptist  Magazine,  monthly  5 
Tke  Freeman^  weekly  ;   Tke  Baptist,  weekly. 

WELSH. 
Tke  Welsk  Baptist  Handbook,  yearly  ;   T  Greal 
( The  Magazine)^  monthly  ;  Yr  Atkraxc  ( The  Teacher), 
monthly;    Cydymaith    Y  Plentyn    (Child's   Com- 
panion), monthly;    Seren  Cymru   (Star  of  Wales) 

weekly. 

SCOTLAND. 

The  Scottish  Baptist  Magazine,  monthly. 


LITTLEFIELD 


713 


LOFTON 


Littlefield,  Gov.  Alfred  Henry,  was  bom  in  i 
Scituate,  K.  I.,  April  2,  l^L'y.  Several  of  his  an- 
cestors occupied  prominent  positions  in  the  admin- 
istration of  the  civil  affairs  of  Rhode  Island.  He 
was  one  of  a  family  of  eleven  children.  In  the 
spring  of  18.il  he  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
brother.  The  business  of  the  firm  was  .so  success- 
ful that  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  prominent 
in  the  State.  Gov.  Littlefield  had  an  appointment 
in  the  civil  war  as  brigade  quartermaster  on  the 
staff  of  Bris.-Gen.  0.  Arnold,  and  in  various  ways 
rendered  efiioient  aid  to  the  government,  and  ex- 
tended his  sympathy  and  pecuniary  help  to  the 
families  of  the  soldiers.  He  has  filled,  and  con- 
tinues to  fill,  important  positions  in  difierent  cor- 
porations in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  He  has  represented 
the  town  of  Lincoln  in  both  branches  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assemblj-.  He  was  chosen  governor  in  18S0. 
Gov.  Littlefield  is  an  habitual  attendant  on  the 
ministry  of  Rev.  George  BuUen,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Pawtucket,  of  which  his 
wife  is  a  member. 

Lloyd,  Rev.  W.  B.,  the  oldest  Baptist  minister 
in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1809 ;  be- 
came a  Baptist  in  182.5,  and  at  once  began  to 
preach  ;  was  ordained  the  following  year.  He  set- 
tled in  Noxube  Co.,  Miss.,  in  1830,  where  he  en- 
gaged actively  in  the  ministry.  He  was  an  able 
preacher  and  a  successful  revivalist,  having  bap- 
tized about  3000  persons  during  the  fifty-five  years 
of  his  ministry. 

Lloyd,  Rev.  W.  S.,  was  born  in  Hyde  Co.,  \.  C. 
Feb.  27,  IM  1  ;  ordained  in  South  Carolina  in  1S35  ; 
educated  in  Furman  University,  in  both  the  literary 
and  theological  courses.  Afler  a  useful  ministry 
often  years  in  that  State,  he  settled  in  Macon  Co., 
Ala.,  in  1S4.5,  where  he  remained  until  his  death. 
Soon  attracting  general  attention,  he  became  one  of 
the  most  popular  and  u.seful,  as  he  was  one  of  the 
most  gifted  ministers  in  the  State.  A  striking 
form,  excellent  social  qualities,  with  the  spirit  of  a 
Christian,  he  made  friends  of  all  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact.  His  churches  were  among  a 
wealthy  and  highly-cultivated  people.  He  fell 
dead  in  the  pulpit  in  the  midst  of  one  of  his  elo- 
quent sermons,  at  Mount  Meigs,  Ala.,  at  eleven 
o'clock  on  Sabbath,  March  12,  1854,  Rev.  W.  E. 
Lloyd,  of  Auburn,  one  of  the  best  preachers  in 
Alabama,  is  his  son,  possessing  many  of  the  striking 
and  noble  traits  of  his  brilliant  father. 

Locke,  Rev.  Jacob,  an  able  and  useful  preacher 
of  the  Old  Green  River  Association  in  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  Berkeley  Co.,  Va.,  about  1TC8.  He  re- 
moved to  Mercer  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1789,  and  subse- 
quently to  Barren  County  of  that  State  about  1799. 
Here  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1801,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Mount  Tabor  Baptist  church 
in  1803,  besides  supplying  several  other  churches. 
46 


Mr.  Locke  was  a  man  of  wisdom,  piety,  and  zeal. 
He  was  the  leading  man  in  planting  and  establish- 
ing the  young  churches  and  guiding  their  associa- 
tional  councils.  He  was  moderator  of  Green  River 
Association  for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  then 
of  Liberty  Association  from  its  constitution  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  Jan.  18,  1S4.5. 

Lofton,  George  Augustas,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the 
Third  Baptist  church,  St.  Louis,  .Mo.,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1839,  in  Penola  Co.,  Miss.  He  finished 
his  education  in  1859-60  at  Mercer  University. 
It  was  his  purpose  to  enter  the  Methodist  min- 
istry, but  in  1859.  from  the  study  of  the  Greek 
New  Testament,  he  was  convinced  of  the  Scrip- 
turalness  of  Baptist  views,  and  was  immersed  into 


nEORGE    ArcrSTUS    LOFTON,  D.D. 

the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  At- 
lanta, Ga.  In  1861  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Confederacy,  and  continued  through  the  war  as  an 
oSicer  of  artillery.  He  entered  the  Baptist  minis- 
try at  Americus,  Ga.,  in  1868  ;  and  since  that  time 
Dr.  Lofton  has  served  as  pastor,  principally,  the 
Baptist  church  at  Dalton,  Ga.,  the  First  Baptist 
church  at  Memphis,  Tenn..  and  the  Third  Baptist 
church  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  These  churches  have  all 
flourished  under  his  care,  numerically,  spiritually, 
financially,  and  socially.  He  has  baptized  some 
600  converts  in  his  churches ;  and  he  is  regarded 
as  a  devoted,  able,  and  snccessful  pastor,  a  sound 
and  practical  preacher,  an  indefatigable  worker,  a 
friend  to  the  poor,  a  popular  speaker.  Besides 
many  articles  and  sermons  for  the  periodical  press, 
he  has  written  and  published  some  bound  volumes, 


LONG 


714 


LOO  MIS 


which  have  received  favorable  criticism,  and  which 
indicate  culture  and  originality.  lie  is  in  the 
prime  of  life,  and  has  the  promise  of  many  years 
of  usefulness,  lie  and  his  present  charge  are  in 
close  bonds  of  sympathy,  and  are  co-operating  most 
successfully  in  religious  work  of  all  kinds  in  St. 
Louis,  in  the  State,  and  in  the  regions  beyond. 
Thoroughly  evangelical,  Dr.  Lofton  leads  any 
cliurch  he  serves  as  pastor  in  the  most  efficient 
methods  of  work,  and  into  the  widest  fields  of  use- 
fulness. He  served  faithfully  and  suffered  greatly 
through  the  yellow  fever  scourge  of  1873  in  Mem- 
phis;  and  in  1875  he  led  his  brethren  in  the  cen- 
tennial effort  to  endow  the  Southwestern  Baptist 
University  at  Jackson,  Tenn.  He  was  also  presi- 
dent for  two  years  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society,  located  at  Memphis.  Dr.  Lofton 
is  especially  prominent  and  well  known  in  the 
South,  aud  he  is  rapidly  acquiring  a  national  repu- 
tation. 

Long,  Rev.  F.  M.,  traces  his  ancestry  to  the 
"  Mayflower"  and  Plymouth  Rock.  He  was  born 
Sept.  30,  1839,  in  East  Tennessee,  where  he  was 
converted.  He  was  baptized  in  Macoupin  Co.,  111., 
licensed  in  1864,  ordained  in  1865  by  the  Honey 
Creek  church,  and  preached  with  great  success  for 
ten  years  in  Madison,  Bond,  and  Montgomery 
Counties,  111.  In  1874  he  removed  to  Oregon,  and 
has  since  then  been  connected  with  the  Oak  Creek 
church,  giving  occasional  aid  to  the  Providence, 
North  Palestine,  and  Lacreole  churches.  He  is  an 
earnest,  doctrinal  extempore  preacher,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  logical  reasoners  in  the  Oregon  pulpit. 
He  does  not  put  himself  forward,  but  when  called 
out  carries  all  hearts  with  him.  A  diligent  stu- 
dent and  active  pastor,  he  deserves  the  love  of  the 
brethren  and  the  churches,  which  he  possesses  to 
an  unusual  degree. 

Long,  Prof.  J.  C,  D.D.,  LL.D,,  was  bom  in 
Camiibell  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  28,  1833  ;  graduated  at 
Richmond  College  in  June,  1856.  The  month  fol- 
lowing his  graduation  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
the  college,  but  resigned  at  the  clo.se  of  the  first 
session ;  was  ordained  in  Grace  Street  church, 
Richmond,  Va.,  July  5,  1857.  In  the  summer  of 
1857  he  was  elected  teacher  in  the  Florida  State 
Seminary,  and  held  the  position  for  one  year  in 
connection  with  the  pastorate  of  the  Tallahassee 
church.  He  then  became  pastor  of  the  Cumber- 
land Street  church,  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  remained 
until  1861,  wlien  the  relationship  was  broken  up 
by  the  war.  From  1861-65  he  resided  in  Gooch- 
land Co.,  Va.,  and  during  part  of  the  year  1863 
was  teacher  of  a  school  in  Danville,  Va.  He  sub- 
sequently became  pastor  of  the  Fine  Creek  and 
Mount  Tabor  churches.  From  1866-68  he  was  pas- 
tor of  the  Scottsville  and  Hardware  churches  in 
Albemarle  County.     In  1868  he  became  pastor  of 


the  church  at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  where  he  re- 
mained until  April,  1875,  when  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary.  In  this  position  he  con- 
tinues to  render  valuable  service  to  the  cause  of 
ministerial  education.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Richmond  College  in  1872,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  Baylor  University  in  1880. 

Ur.  Long  is  a  man  of  ripe  scholarship,  unas- 
suming manners,  and  most  genial  social  accom- 
plishments. His  writings  evince  the  results  of 
long-continued  and  patient  research,  and  display 
his  marked  ability  to  interpret  the  facts  of  history 
in  their  relation  to  the  church  of  Christ.  His  ser- 
mons arc  rich  in  the  clear,  simple,  and  devout  ex- 
position of  the  AVord  of  God. 

Long,  Nimrod,  a  banker,  merchant,  and  manu- 
facturer, was  liorn  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  July  31,  1814. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  Russellville,  the 
seat  of  justice  of  his  native  county,  and  entered  a 
store  as  clerk.  Three  years  afterwards  he  became 
a  partner  in  the  house.  In  a  short  time  the  senior 
partner  died,  and  Mr.  Long  took  his  brother  into 
the  partnership.  They  were  very  successful.  After 
some  years  Mr.  N.  Long  withdrew  from  the  busi- 
ness, and  became  a  commission  merchant,  and 
afterwards  estaldished  the  banking-house  of  N. 
Long  &  Co.,  and  in  1870  built  the  largest  flouring- 
mill  in  the  State.  This,  like  all  his  enterprises, 
proved  a  success,  and  Mr.  Long  is  now  a  wealthy 
capitalist.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Russellville  in  early  life,  and  has  used 
his  business  talent  and  growing  capital  for  the 
cause  of  Christ  with  rare  liberality.  He  was  or- 
dained a  deacon  of  his  church  in  1832,  was  made 
its  treasurer  in  1838,  and  has  for  many  years  been 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  He  has  been 
the  leading  spirit  in  founding  and  endowing  Bethel 
College,  one  of  the  best  and  most  flourishing  insti- 
tutions of  the  West.  After  contributing  largely  to 
the  erection  of  its  buildings,  he  endowed  the  chair 
of  English,  known  as  the  N.  Long  professorship. 
In  1870  he  conceived  the  idea  of  boarding  students 
at  actual  cost,  and,  to  carry  it  out,  caused  the  erec- 
tion of  the  N.  Long  Boarding  Hall,  capable  of  ac- 
commodating 100  students.  He  has  also  been  a 
liberal  patron  of  Georgetown  College  and  other  in- 
stitutions of  learning  in  his  denomination. 

Longley,  Avard,  M.P.,  was  bom  in  Wilmot, 
Annapolis  County,  Nova  Scotia  ;  is  a  member  of  the 
Wilmot  Baptist  church  ;  represents  the  county  of 
Annapolis  in  the  Parliament  of  Canada.  Mr. 
Longley  has  been  much  in  political  life;  is  a  gov- 
ernor of  Acadia  College,  a  strong  advocate  for  pro- 
hibition of  all  intoxicating  liquors,  and  a  friend  of 
all  denominational  enterprises. 

Loomis,  Rev.  Ebenezer,  was  born  in  1794; 
baptized  in  1809  ;  preached  first  in  Tolland  Court- 


LOOMIS 


715 


LOOMIS 


House,  Conn.,  in  1821  ;  ordained  in  New  London, 
Conn.;  labored  as  pastor, exploring  agent, and  evan- 
gelist in  Richfield,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y. :  First  New- 
ark, N.  J. ;  Hudson,  N.  Y.  ;  Springvilie,  Boston, 
and  Evans,  Western  New  York  ;  Detroit,  China, 
and  Coldwater,  Mich.  ;  Cincinnati,  0. ;  Nortli 
Lyme ;  First  Colchester,  Brooklyn ;  First  North 
Stonington,  Preston,  and  Killingly,  Conn.  ;  Fre- 
Uonia,  N.  Y. ;  finally  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. ;  gifted, 
scholarly,  amiable,  devoted ;  gave  thousands  of 
dollars  to  churches,  to  Connecticut  Literary  Insti- 
tution, and  to  the  missionary  press  in  Burmali ; 
always  traveled  on  foot ;  died  in  Bradford  Co.,  Pa., 
in  1S72,  in  his  seventy-ninth  year. 

Loomis,  Prof.  Freeman,  was  bom  in  Water- 
ville.  Me.,  May  21,  1844.  His  studies  preparatory 
to  admission  to  college  were  pursued  mostly  at  the 
academy  connected  with  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  and  he  was  admitted  to  Freshman  standing 
in  June,  1862.  He  graduated  in  1866,  taking 
the  second  honors  of  his  class.  He  passed  at 
once  to  theological  studies,  the  course  in  that  de- 
partment then  occupying  two  years.  Having 
finished  his  theological  course,  he  was  temporarily 
appointed  to  the  principalship  of  the  academy  in 
the  spring  of  1807.  At  the  commencement  in 
June  the  board  of  trustees  elected  him  principal, 
which  position  he  held  for  two  years.  In  1869  tlio 
preparatory  department  became  distinct  from  the 
academy,  and  he  was  placed  at  the  head  of  it.  In 
1879  the  preparatory  department  again  became  a 
part  of  the  academy,  and  Prof.  Loomis  resigned 
his  connection  with  it.  In  1870  he  obtained  leave 
of  absence,  and  occupied  himself  for  two  years  in 
the  study  of  French  and  German  in  Berlin  and 
Paris.  During  his  absence,  in  1871,  the  trustees 
appointed  him  to  the  chair  of  Modern  Languages 
in  the  university.  This  position  he  held  in  con- 
nection with  that  of  head  of  the  preparatory  course 
till  his  resignation  of  the  latter  in  1879.  Since 
that  time  he  has  held  only  the  professorship  of 
Modern  Languages.  In  this  department  his  in- 
struction is  faithfully  given,  and  he  is  deservedly 
popular  with  his  classes. 

Loomis,  Rev.  Hubbell,  died  Dec.  15,  1872,  in 
his  ninety-eighth  year,  at  Upper  Alton,  111.  He 
was  an  example  alike  of  the  physical  vigor  and  of 
the  intellectual  and  spiritual  robustness  of  the  New 
England  stock.  He  was  born  at  Colchester,  Conn., 
May  31,  1775.  As  his  father,  a  descendant  of  Jo- 
seph Loomis,  who  emigrated  from  England  to  this 
country  in  1638,  was  in  moderate  circumstances, 
lie  was  thrown  chiefly  upon  his  own  resources  in 
procuring  his  education,  graduating  at  Union  Col- 
lege, Schenectady,  X.  Y.,  in  1799.  Having  studied 
theology  under  Rev.  Joel  Benedict,  of  Plainfield, 
Conn.,  he  was  licensed  as  a  Congregationalist  min- 
ister in  1801.     His  flrst  pastorate  was  at  Willing- 


ton,  Conn.,  where  he  continued  twenty-four  years, 
uniting  with  his  pastoral  duties  the  work  of  a 
teacher,  one  of  his  pupils  being  Jared  Sparks, 
afterwards  so  eminent  as  president  of  Harvard 
College  and  author  of  "  The  Life  of  Washington," 
and  other  valuable  works.  In  the  later  years  of 
this  pastorate,  as  a  result  of  earnest  study  of  the 
Scriptures  with  reference  to  questions  of  denom- 
inational difiference,  he  became  a  Baptist,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  churcli  of  Willington ; 
this  event,  of  course,  dissolving  his  connection 
with  the  church  he  had  served  so  long,  and  neces- 
sitating great  self-denial  in  other  respects. 

In  1829,  Mr.  Loomis  removed  to  Illinois.  After 
some  months  spent  in  Kaskaskia  and  Edwards- 
ville,  he  settled  in  Upper  Alton,  and  then  founded 
the  seminary  which  in  183.3  became  incorporated 
as  Shurtleff  College.  His  name  stands  first  on 
the  list  in  the  college  charter  of  incorporation.  He 
was  a  liberal  donor  to  the  college,  and  to  the  end 
of  his  life  its  earnest  friend,  while  in  the  various 
exigencies  of  its  history  his  counsel  was  often 
sought.  He  was  remarkable  for  conscientiousness; 
an  ardent  advocate  of  human  rights,  and  a  warm 
friend  of  moral  reforms.  One  of  his  sons.  Prof. 
Elias  Loomis,  of  Yale  College,  ranks  with  the  emi- 
nent men  of  science  in  this  country,  while  others 
of  his  children  have  filled  stations  of  great  useful- 
ness, one  daughter,  Sophia,  having  been  the  wife 
of  Hon.  Cyrus  E<lwards,  another,  Caroline,  was 
married  to  Prof.  Newman,  of  Shurtleff  College, 
who  died  in  1844;  a  sou,  David  B.,  residing  in 
Minnesota,  has  filled  several  terms  as  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  while  another, 
John  Calvin,  was  at  one  time  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages in  the  Alabama  University. 

Loomis,  Justin  R.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Bennington,  Vt.,  Aug.  21,  1810.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  went  to  Hamilton  Literary  Institu- 
tion, and  at  a  subsequent  date  he  entered  Brown 
University,  and  graduated  with  marked  honor  in 
1835.  Shortly  after  his  graduation  he  was  elected 
professor  in  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  Uni- 
versity. 

Determined  to  thoroughly  inform  himself  in  the 
field  of  his  chosen  studies,  he  visited  South  Amer- 
ica, where  he  spent  a  profitable  year  in  scientific 
explorations  through  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Chili. 
Thus  prepared  for  more  eflicient  service,  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  in  1858  succeeded 
to  the  presidency.  This  office  he  held  with  sin- 
gular ability  for  twenty  years,  retiring  from  it  in 
.January,  1879. 

His  consistent  and  blameless  life,  his  many  acts 
Qf  benevolence,  his  indomitable  will,  combined 
with  practical  good  sense,  his  warm  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  university,  and  especially   in   the 


LORD 


716 


LORDS  SUPPER 


students,  his  influence  in  sluiping  the  character  of 
the  town,  and  in  making  the  Baptist  church  edi- 
fice, which  was  mainly  erected  by  his  own  exer- 
tions, among  the  best  in  the  State,  have  left  a  stamp 
of  permanent  value  upon  the  history  of  the  uni- 
versity. 
As  an  author,  he  has  prepared  various  standard 


JUSTIX    R.    I.OOMIS.    l.L.D. 

works:  "Principles  of  Geology,"  ''Physiology," 
and  "Ansvtomy,''  are  works  of  great  value,  while 
various  essays,  lectures,  pamphlets,  and  sermons 
attest  the  possession  of  talents  of  a  high  order. 
While  he  could  lay  no  high  claim  to  oratorial 
power  as  a  public  speaker,  yet  his  presence  and 
counsel  at  the  meetings  of  the  Associations  and 
other  bodies  were  always  welcome,  and  were  much 
desired. 

His  son.  Freeman  Loomis,  is  a  professor  in  the 
university  at  L('wisl)urg. 

Lord,  Edward  C,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Carlisle, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  22,  1817,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Mad- 
ison University.  He  was  ordained  at  Preston  Hol- 
low, N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1846,  having  previously  re- 
ceived an  appointment  as  a  missionary  to  China. 
He  reached  Ningpo  June  20,  1847,  and  was  con- 
nected with  Dr.  Macgowan  in  the  care  of  that 
station.  Having  acquired  the  language,  he  was 
able  to  preach  to  the  natives  and  hold  conversation 
with  them  on  religious  subjects.  The  health  of 
Mrs.  Lord  made  it  necessary  for  liim  to  return  to 
the  United  States,  which  he  reached  at  the  close  of 
1851.  Remaining  liere  a  little  less  than  two  years, 
he  returned  to  Ningpo.     Arriving  there  June  1, 


18.54,  he  commenced  again  his  missionary  labors, 
taking,  as  far  as  possible,  tlie  place  of  the  lamented 
Goddard,  and  having  Mr.  Knowlton  as  a  co-worker 
with  him.  While  occupied  with  these  evangelical 
labors,  Mr.  Lord  performed  some  work  in  his  study. 
Writing  to  the  Executive  Committee,  in  1860,  he 
says,  ''  My  notes  on  the  Epistles  to  tlie  Hebrews 
and  Romans  have  been  completed, and  considtriiblc 
other  labor  of  a  similar  kind  has  been  performed." 
And  the  next  year  he  writes,  "My  notes  on  the 
First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians  have  been  com- 
pleted and  put  to  press.  My  notes  on  Ephesians 
have  been  carefully  revised,  and  those  on  Second 
Corinthians  are  in  course  of  preparation."  In  186ii 
he  writes,  "  At  Ningpo,  in  my  own  neighborliood, 
I  have  plenty  of  work,  and  I  am  thankful  to  say 
there  is  much  encouragement.  At  the  communion 
season,  about  three  montlisago,  I  baptized  five  per- 
sons, three  men  and  two  women,  and  I  have  at 
present  several  applicants."  The  connection  of 
Mr.  Lord  with  the  Missionary  Union  closed  in  July, 
1864.  He  was  in  the  diplomatic  service  of  the 
United  States  in  China,  and  performing  more  or 
less  of  missionary  service  for  several  years.  His 
formal  connection  with  the  Missionary  Union  has 
been  resumed.  He  has  had  charge  of  two  chapels 
in  Ningpo,  being  aided  in  liis  work  by  three  native 
jiroachers. 

Lord's  Supper,  The. — The  Lord's  Supper,  in  its 
form,  mu.st  be  bread  and  wine  ;  for  Matthew  says 
that  Jesus  took  bread  and  blessed  it,  and  brake  it 
and  gave  it  to  the  disciples  and  said,  "  Take,  eat ; 
this  is  my  body.  And  he  took  the  cup,  and  gave 
thanks,  and  gave  it  to  them,  saying.  Drink  ye  all 
of  it." — Matt.  xxvi.  28.  The  retention  of  the  cup 
from  the  laity  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  deprives  her 
Eucharist  of  every  divine  sanction,  and  reduces  it 
to  a  mere  human  invention. 

The  Supper  is  a  memorial  or  remembrancer  of  a 
slain  and  absent  Saviour.  His  wounds  and  death 
are  shown  by  the  broken  bread  and  the  flowing 
cup.  His  bodily  absence  is  proved  by  the  object 
of  the  Sacrament.  Speaking  of  the  bread  Jesus 
says,  "This  is  my  body  which  is  given  for  you; 
this  do  in  remembrance  of  me." — Luke  xxiv.  19. 
We  can  only  remeniber  absent  persons.  So  that 
the  purpose  of  the  Eucharist  as  a  remembrancer 
makes  it  certain  that  Christ's  body  is  not  in  it. 
And  Paul  teaches  the  same  truth  when  he  writes, 
— "  For  as  often  as  ye  eat  this  bread  and  drink  this 
cup,  ye  do  show  the  Lord's  death  till  He  come." — 1 
Cor.  xi.  26.  In  body,  he  is  not  in  the  Supper,  for 
it  is  intended  to  be  observed  till  .Jesus,  whom  "  tlw. 
heaven  must  receive  until  the  times  of  restitution 
of  all  things"  (Acts  iii.  21)  shall  come  in  the  glories 
of  his  final  advent.  His  humanity  is  now  at  the 
right  hand  of  God.  His  Deity  is  everywhere,  but 
peculiarly  near  the  devout  worshiper.   The  transub- 


LORD'S  SUPPER 


717 


LORLMKR 


stantiation*  of  Koine,  and  the  consubstantiationf 
of  Luther  are,  therefore,  without  foundation  either 
in  Scripture  or  in  fact. 

The  sole  direct  teachinj;  of  the  Supper  is:  The 
■a(/r>ni/  of  Jusun  the  siisfenawe  of  redeemed  men. 
^Strange  that /<)■(;'«(/ should  he  the  figure  to  represent 
the  body  of  Christ.  Why  not  his  image  in  gold  or 
silver?  Ilis  statue  in  marble  or  wood?  His  pic- 
ture on  canvas?  Then  each  wound  might  have 
been  seen,  and  every  writhe  of  anguish.  But  no, 
bread,  the  /bud  of  the  world,  and  wine,  the  beverage 
■of  many  nations,  are  chosen  to  exhibit  the  wounded 
body  of  Jesus.  Food  and  drink,  the  support  of  all 
human  life,  constitute  the  monument  erected  by 
Jesus  for  himself, — the  food,  broken  bread,  to  re- 
mind us  of  his  torn  body — -the  cup,  wine,  to  repre- 
sent the  purple  current  drawn  from  his  veins.  And 
these  enililems  are  not  to  he  viewed,  simply,  in  sol- 
emn sadness,  nor  even  in  joyful  faith, — we  are  to 
partake  o[  them.  Thus  teaching  that  as  food  and 
■drink  sustain  men,  without  which  their  bodies  must 
perish,  so  the  sufferings  of  Jesus  are  the  bread  and 
the  bereraije  of  the  soul.  And  as  it  would  be  mad- 
ness to  try  to  support  flesh  and  blood  on  anything 
but  food  and  drink,  so  it  is  insanity  to  look  any- 
where but  to  Christ's  woes  for  the  nourishment  of 
■the  undying  spirit.  And  the  true  disciple,  by  a 
hungering  faith,  ought  to  make  these  sorrows  bread 
for  his  soul  ;  while  by  a  thirsting  frame  of  spirit 
lie  ought  to  drink  at  these  crimson  streams  of  divine 
•torture.  And  as  we  need  bread  and  drink  all  the 
time,  the  choice  of  these  emblems  by  the  Saviour 
proclaims  to  us  that  his  wounds  and  death  are  a 
constant  supply  for  the  necessities  of  a  soul  per- 
petually in  want.  What  other  doctrines  could  be 
designed  by  such  emlilems  ?  Beyond  all  doubt  Ood 
speaks  to  us  through  them,  and  says.  Like  the 
body  needing  bread  several  times  every  day,  so  your 
souls  require  atoning  blood  each  instant,  and  like 
the  food  of  mankind  there  is  an  everlasting  supply 
for  all  the  weaknesses  and  criminal  experiences 
that  mark  each  footprint  of  your  earthly  journey, 
to  which  you  are  as  welcome  every  moment  as  to 
the  fdod  that  covers  your  own  tables,  or  the  fruits 
that  wave  in  golden  beauty  on  your  own  abundant 
harvest-fields.  "lie  that  spared  not  his  own  Son 
but  delivered  him  up  for  us  all,  how  shall  he  not 
with  him  also  /■/•(■</)/  gii-e  ns  all  things/" — Ilom. 
viii.  33.  "  By  one  offering  he  h:it\\ per fected  forever 
.all  them  that  are  .sanctified.' — lleb.  s.  14.     '•  I  give 

*  The  Conncil  of  Trent  (JecreeB,  "If  any  man  Bhall  deny,  that  in 
1tn»  siu-niniL'iit  of  thf  niiwt  huly  Eucharist,  there  is  contained  reitlly, 
tiuly,  and  Slll)>itiuitinlly,  (Ac  lnuhj  and  blood,  together  ifUlt  the  soul  and 
"li'iiiil;!  of  our  Lord  ,le«u«  Cltrist,  and  so  wlwle  Christ,  Imt  sliall  say 
Jif  is  only  in  it  in  sign,  or  figure,  or  power,  lt:l  him  be  nrfurHed.'* 
l>o  Eucharis,  Can.  i.  Less.  xiii.  p.  63.  Canones  et  Decreta  Concilii 
Tiid.     LilBiie,  18M. 

■t  Tile  iHjdy  and  blood  of  Christ  truly  present  in  the  Supper. 
AugHburg  Confession,  Article  x. 


unto  them  eternal  life ;  and  they  shall  never pa-ish, 
neither  shall  any  pluck  them  out  of  my  hand." — 
John  X.  28.     Thank  God  for  the  Lord's  Supper! 

The  Supper  has  no  commission  to  teach  us  charity 
for  each  other.  Kxamine  the  descriptions  given  of  it 
in  Matt.  xxvi.  2ti-2.s.  in  Mark  xiv.  22-23,  in  Luke 
xxii.  19, 20,  in  1  Cor.  xi.  20-21),  and  allusions  made  to 
it  elsewhere,  and  in  every  instance  it  is  a.  memorial 
of  the  Saviour's  wounds  and  blood, — a  picture  of 
Christ's  ou\y  food  for  perishing  souls,  and  in  each 
case  destitute  of  any  other  allusion.  Many  Chris- 
tians turn  it  into  a  feast  of  charity  for  members  of 
their  own  and  of  other  sects,  and  speak  with  ttn- 
lovinrj  harshness  of  those  who  observe  it  solely  as  a 
remembrancer  of  a  Saviour  in  the  throes  of  death. 
Charity  in  its  own  place  is  a  truly  blessed  grace  ; 
he  is  not  Christ's  who  has  not  a  goodly  measure 
of  it;  it  is  the  chain  whose  golden  links  bind  to- 
gether the  whole  heavenly  throng,  from  the  Mighty 
One  wielding  the  sword  of  Omnipotence  to  the  low- 
liest shining  spirit.  From  the  depths  of  our  hearts, 
enthusiasm,  surges  up  in  a  mighty  current  around 
charity,  the  darling  of  heaven, — the  element  of 
which  God  himself  is  composed.  But  we  have  a 
fervent  love  for  the  truth  of  God, — for  that  whole 
body  of  revelation,  one  fragment  of  which  exceeds 
in  worth  the  riches  of  time,  and  all  the  material 
splendors  of  the  universe.  And  as  the  Lord's 
Supper,  according  to  Jesus,  has  nothing  to  do  with 
charity,  as  it  is  a  moni  ment  upon  which  is  sculp- 
tured the  .\XGUisH  OF  Jesus,  the  food  and  drink 
OF  THE  SOUL,  and  a  monument  from  which  the  most 
dazzling  glories  in  the  universe  shine  forth,  and 
around  which  the  most  thrilling  melodies  of 
heavenly  harmony  shall  ever  float,  why  obliterate 
its  divinely  appointed  inscription  to  trace  upon  it 
any  other  writing,  even  though  you  inscribe  upon 
it  man's  love  to  his  fellow, — where  Christ's  love  in 
lines  of  blood  was  once  read  ?  Surely  this  is  an  im- 
pious act  in  any  one,  and  peculiarly  so  in  the  ad- 
herents of  that  Protestantism  which  boasts  that  the 
"  Bible  an<l  the  Bible  alone  is  its  religion.''  You 
might  with  as  much  propriety  assemble  the  pious 
business  people  of  several  localities  together  on 
New  Year's  day,  who  manifested  the  grace  of 
Christian  integrity  by  paying  their  debts,  and  in- 
duce them  lo  celebrate  the  Supper  as  an  exhibition 
of  their  uprightness  and  probity.  And  if  it  might 
be  said,  the  cross  shows  Christ's  love  for  us  in  the 
Supper,  the  example  of  which  commands  us  to  love 
one  another,  it  might  with  equal  justice  be  affirmed, 
the  sufferings  of  Jesus  seen  in  the  Supper  as  our 
surety,  show  him  as  wonderfully  honest  in  paying 
our  debts  to  the  violat<'d  law,  and  following  in  his 
footsteps,  we  should  refuse  all  gains  not  righteously 
secured. 

Lorimer,  George  C,  D.D.,  wa.s  born  near  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  in  1S3S,  and  in  that  city  he  spent 


LOHIMElt 


718 


LOUISIANA 


the  early  part  of  hisJife.  For  a  short  time  lie  fol- 
lowed the  sea,  then  for  a  brief  period  he  had  some 
business  connection  with  a  theatre,  and  occasionally 
performed  some  parts,  biitGod  had  somethini; higher 


GEORGE   C.    LORIMER,  D.D. 

and  lietter  for  him  than  the  stage.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  when  he  was  aliout  eighteen  years 
of  age,  and  having  been  providentially  led  to  the 
city  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  he  was  brought  under  the 
influence  of  the  preaching  of  the  pastor  of  the 
Walnut  Street  Baptist  church.  That  preaching 
was  blessed  to  him,  and  he  became  a  hopeful  Chris- 
tian. The  whole  purpose  of  his  life  was  at  once 
changed.  lie  entered  upon  a  course  of  study  in 
Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  preparatory  to  the  Chris- 
tian ministry,  and  in  1859  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Ilarrodsburg,  Ky.  He  remained 
there  until  called  to  Paducah,  Ky.,  and  from  there 
to  Louisville,  where  he  was  a  pastor  for  eight  years. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Bethel  College  while  he  was  in 
Louisville.  From  Louisville  he  was  called  to  Al- 
bany, N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and 
then  accepted  an  invitation  to  the  Shawmut  Avenue 
church,  Boston.  AV'hile  in  the  midst  of  a  success- 
ful ministry  with  this  church,  the  attention  of  the 
Tremont  Temple  church  was  directed  to  him,  and 
he  was  urged  to  occupy  that  central  and  important 
position,  in  which,  for  sevei-al  years,  his  labors  have 
been  so  much  blessed.  About  eighteen  months 
ago  he  took  charge  of  the  First  church,  Chicago. 
Dr.  Lorimer  is  in  the  prime  of  his  life,  and,  it  is  to 
be  hoped,  of  his  usefulness.     His  ministry  is  a 


popular  one,  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word.  lie  be- 
lieves in  a  genial  religion,  and  seeks  to  draw  men 
to  Christ  by  the  sweet  words  of  a  Saviour's  love. 
His  preaching  has  been  blessed  to  the  building 
up  of  a  large  church  and  congregation  in  Boston ; 
and  it  has  been  equally  effective  in  his  present 
charge. 

He  has  just  sundered  his  happy  relations  with 
the  First  church  to  minister  to  a  new  community 
occupying  the  field  vacated  by  the  Michigan  Avenue 
Ba|ifist  <'hurch. 

Lothrop,  Rev.  J.  Grafton,  was  a  brilliant  younjr 
minister  in  Eastern  Louisiiina,  who  died,  very  much 
regretted,  at  Greensburg,  La.,  June  IG,  lSt)8.  He 
began  to  preach  in  1801. 

Louisiana,  one  of  the  Gulf  States,  was  long  a 
part  of  the  territory  of  France,  but  was  purchased 
by  the  United  States  in  1803.  It  has  about  20,000 
white  Baptists  and  about  ;)0,000  colored. 

The  sentiments  of  the  Baptists  were  first  propa- 
gated in  this  State  by  preachers  from  the  contigu- 
ous parts  of  Mississippi.  Rev.  Bailey  E.  Chaney 
removed  with  his  family  into  Eastern  Louisiana, 
then  called  West  Florida,  in  1798,  and  settled  with 
a  number  of  other  South  Carolinians  not  far  from 
Baton  Kouge.  He  began  to  preach  to  his  Ameri- 
can neighbors,  but  he  was  not  long  without  moles- 
tation, lie  was  arrested  and  imprisoned  at  Baton 
Rouge  by  the  Spanish  authorities.  But  he  pur- 
chased his  liberty  by  promising  to  abstain  from 
|)reaching  in  the  future,  and  subsequently  re- 
turned to  Mississippi. 

Soon  after  the  cession  of  the  French  portion  of 
the  Territory,  Joseph  Willis,  a  mulatto,  who  was  a 
licensed  Baptist  preacher,  and  who  had  been  a  co- 
laborer  with  Richard  Curtis  in  Mississippi,  boldly 
crossed  the  Mississippi  River,  and  in  1804  preached 
at  Vermillion  and  Plaquemine  Brule.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  returned  and  settled  on  Bayou  Chicot 
in  St.  Landry  Parish,  where  he  began  to  preach, 
and  in  1812,  with  assistance  from  Mississippi,  or- 
ganized a  church,  of  which  he  became  pastor. 

About  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  a 
number  of  young  ministers  ci'ussed  into  West 
Florida,  at  the  peril  of  their  liberty.  By  the 
labors  of  these,  two  churches  were  gathered  on 
Pearl  River,  called  Mount  Nebo  and  Peniel,  which 
were  constituted  in  1813. 

Previous  to  1806,  Ezra  Courtney,  who  had  set- 
tled in  Mississippi  in  1S()2,  made  frequent  visits 
into  the  Felicianas  and  East  Baton  Rouge,  and 
about  that  time  removed  and  settled  near  the  pres- 
ent town  of  Clinton,  and  in  1814  llcpzibah  church' 
was  constituted.  In  1819  West  Florida  was  ceded 
to  the  United  States.  Other  ministers  came  into- 
this  part  of  the  State.  Elisha  Anders  settled  in 
AVest  Feliciana,  Howell  Wall  and  W.  B.  Wall  in 
St.  Helena.     As  early  as  1818  a  small  church  was 


LOUISIANA 


719 


LOUISVILLE 


gathered  in  New  Orleans,  and  enjoyed  the  labors 
of  Benjamin  Davis. 

West  of  the  Mississippi  Jose|iIi  Willis  continued 
for  several  years  to  labor  alone,  and  organized 
churches  at  Cheneyville,  Verniillicjn,  Plaqueniine 
Brul6,  and  Hickory  Flat.  In  1X1(5  he  was  joined 
in  this  field  by  Ezekiel  O'Quinn  and  Ishani  Nettles. 
On  the  Slst  day  of  October,  1818,  six  churches  met 
by  deletjates  at  Cheneyville,  and  organized  the  Lou- 
isiana Bapti.st  Association,  of  which  Joseph  Willis 
was  elected  moderator.  Other  ministers  were  or- 
dained, and  churches  increased,  mainly  through 
the  zealous  labors  of  Mr.  Willis. 

In  1822,  Rev.  Henry  Humble  settled  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  in  the  parish  of  Catahoula,  atid  in 
182("(  the  First  church  in  Catahoula  was  established. 
Here,  at  a  somewhat  later  day,  labored  Asa  S.  Mer- 
cer, John  Hill,  the  Meridiths,  Thonuis  and  James, 
and  many  churclies  were  gathered  in  the  Ouachita 
region. 

In  1820,  Kev.  James  Brinson,  with  a  number  of 
other  Baptists,  settled  at  Pine  Hills,  not  far  from 
the  present  town  of  Vienna,  and  organized  a  church 
in  1821.  Here  they  were  joined  by  John  Impson. 
They  extended  their  labors  westward,  and  gathered 
a  church  about  four  miles  east  of  Mount  Lebanon, 
called  Providence.  It  was  afterwards  removed  to 
Athens.  Not  far  from  the  present  town  of  Jlinden 
they  found  a  few  Baptists,  whom  they  gathered 
into  a  church  called  Black  Lake. 

In  1S37  a  colony,  most  of  whom  were  Baptists, 
removed  from  South  Carolina  and  settled  at  Mount 
Lebanon,  in  Bienville  Parish.  In  the  company  was 
Henry  Adams,  a  colored  man,  who  was  an  ordained 
Baptist  preacher.  A  church  was  organized,  and 
Mr.  Adams  became  pastor.  lie  was  a  man  of  some 
education,  and  was  very  much  respected  by  the 
community.  This  church  became  one  of  the  most 
active  and  influential  in  the  State. 

About  the  same  time  Elias  George,  Samuel  J. 
Larkin,  and  William  15.  Larkin  began  to  preach  in 
Union  Parish,  and  many  churches  were  gathered 
in  a  few  years. 

In  1843,  Rev.  John  Bryce,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  was  sent  to  Shreve|)ort  as  collector  of 
customs  on  imports  from  the  republic  of  Texas. 
AVhile  discharging  the  duties  of  his  office  he 
preached  in  Shreveport  and  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. In  1845  a  church  was  gathered  in  Shreve- 
port, and  Mr.  Bi-yce  became  pastor.  His  office  of 
collector  of  customs  having  expired  by  the  annexa- 
tion of  Texas,  he  continued  to  labor  in  this  region 
until  I8oO.  He  was  joined  in  1S47  by  A.  W.. lack- 
son  and  .Icsse  Lee,  two  able  ministers  from  Ala- 
bama, and  on  Dec.  21,  1849,  the  Crand  Cane  Asso- 
ciation was  organized. 

In  the  Sabine  region  the  churches  were  princi- 
pally planted  and  consolidated   by  the  labors   of 


Nathan  II.  Bray  after  1847»  There  were  a  few 
churches  before  this  planted  by  Willis  and  his  co- 
laborers,  but  they  were  feeble  and  scattered.  In 
1S48,  Mr.  Bray  formed  them  into  an  Association 
called  Sabine. 

The  Bayou  Macon  region,  between  the  Ouachita 
and  Mississippi  Rivers,  had  but  few  Baptists  pre- 
vious to  1850.  Shortly  after  this  J.  P.  Blake  and 
D.  D.  Swindall  began  their  labors  there,  and  in 
1855  organized  the  Bayou  Macon  Association. 

Louisiana  Baptist,  a  weekly  newspaper,  was 
started  at  Mount  Lebanon,  La.,  in  1855,  by  Rev. 
Hanson  Lee,  and  conducted  with  such  ability  that 
it  ranked  with  the  ablest  religious  journals  of  the 
South.  In  1862,  Mr.  Lee  died,  and  the  paper  was 
continued  by  AV.  F.  Wells,  with  Dr.  Courtney  as 
editor,  and  subsecpiently  as  part  owner.  .  At  the 
close  of  the  war  Rev.  A.  S.  AVorrell  bought  it,  but 
after  a  short  connection,  resold  to  AV.  F.  Wells,  and 
Dr.  Courtney  became  editor,  with  W.  E.  Paxton 
associate.  At  the  end  of  the  year  1860  Mr.  AVells 
sold  his  subscri))tion  to  Rev.  J.  R.  Graves  of  the 
Metiijihis  BajilisI,  and  the  Louisiana  liiiptist  was 
discontinued. 

Louisiana  Baptist  Convention  was  organized 
in  1S4S.  Its  leading  objects  were  educational  and 
missionary.  Under  its  fostering  care  Mount  Leb- 
anon University  came  into  existence  and  other 
schools  were  encouraged.  Its  missionaries  have 
penetrated  into  many  destitute  parts  of  the  State, 
and  laid  the  foundation  for  numerous  churches 
now  flourishing.  With  an  active  mission  board, 
inspired  by  Rev.  W.  C.  Friley,  the  State  evangel- 
ist, the  work  of  the  Convention  has  greatly  pros- 
pered for  the  last  two  years.  Its  operations  during 
the  past  year  secured  about  SlJOtJO. 

President,  Rev.  J.  P.  Everett,  Shiloh,  La. ;  Re- 
cording Secretary,  Rev.  G.  W.  Hartsfield,  Mans- 
field, La. 

Louisiana,  Baptist  Messeng^er  of,  is  a  weekly 
paper  puljlislied  at  Furmervillc,  La.,  Rev.  S.  C. 
Lee  editor.  It  started  in  1S79  as  a  semi-weekly. 
It  began  its  second  year  as  a  Aveekly.  It  is  well 
conducted,  and  it  is  rapidly  growing  in  public  favor. 

Louisville,  Baptist  Orphans'  Home  of,  was 

estalilished  tbrongli  the  ell'orts  of  the  ladies  of 
AValnut  Street  church,  in  Louisville,  in  1860.  The 
building  first  occupied  was  a  rented  one.  Soon 
after  the  house  was  opened,  however,  Mrs.  J.  Law- 
rence Smith,  a  member  of  the  Walnut  Street 
church,  donated  to  the  Orphans'  IJome  Society 
?5000  in  money  and  a  lot  of  ground  valued  at 
?15,000,  provided  a  sufficient  amount  should  be 
raised  to  erect  suitable  buildings  thereon.  The 
sum  of  !?22,000  was  speedily  secured,  and  in  March, 
1867,  the  ground  was  broken  for  the  foundation. 
The  new  home  was  dedicated  Dec.  19, 1870.  During 
its  existence  280  children  have  been  received  ;  171 


LOUISVILLE 


720 


LOWRY 


of  these  have  been  placed  in  good  homes,  02  liave 
been  legally  adopted  in  Christian  families,  and  41 
remain  in  the  home.  The  object  of  the  home  is  to 
receive  such  orphans  as  cannot  be  well  provided  for 
otherwise,  and  to  educate  and  train  them  for  useful 
eraploynicnts  until  such  time  as  suitable  homes  can 
be  procured  for  them  in  private  families,  or  until 
they  are  able  to  take  care  of  themselves.  Under 
the  management  of  Miss  Mary  HoUingsworth,  who 
has  been  matron  since  its  organization,  the  home 
has  been  very  popular,  and  has  been  well  sustained 
by  voluntary  contributions. 

louisville,  Walnut  Street  Baptist  Church 
of. — The  First  Baptist  church  in  Louisville  was 
organized  by  Rev.  Ilenson  Ilobbs  in  1815,  and  con- 
sisted of  14  members.  In  1839  the  church  num- 
bered 539.  Eighteen  withdrew  and  formed  the 
Second  Baptist  church.  In  1849,  when  both 
churches  were  without  pastors,  they  invited  Rev. 
Thomas  Smith,  who  accepted  both  calls  on  con- 
dition that  the  churches  would  unite  and  build  a 
good  house  in  an  eligible  locality.  On  Oct.  29, 
1849,  both  churches  dissolved  and  formed  the  Wal- 
nut Street  Baptist  church,  and  the  present  mag- 
nificent house  was  erected  the  following  year  on 
the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Walnut  Streets.  The 
first  public  meeting  held  in  the  finished  house  was 
the  funeral  of  tlie  pastor.  The  edifice  cost  S10.J,00U. 
Since  its  erection  it  has  been  altered  at  considerable 
expense  several  times.  At  one  time  .$20,000  was 
expended  upon  it.  Its  seating  capacity  is  1300.  It 
is  the  mother  of  the  other  Baptist  churches  of 
Louisville, — -a  goodly  family. 

Lovelace,  Rev.  Colmore,  was  born  in  Mary- 
land, Nov.  2(1,  1795.  At  five  years  of  age  his 
parents  removed  to  Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen he  united  with  Mount  Moriah  Baptist  church, 
in  Nelson  County.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
Severn's  Valley  church,  in  Hardin  County,  in  1822, 
and  ordained  in  1823.  'He  was  pastor  of  several 
churches  in  Salem  Association,  and  devoted  much 
time  to  the  work  of  a  missionary.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  his  piety,  zeal,  and  philanthropy.  Few 
men  were  more  devotedly  loved  or  more  extensively 
blessed.  He  baptized  more  than  1200  persons.  He 
died  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  March  16,  1864. 

Lovell,  Rev.  Andrew  Spragpie,  son  of  Stephen 

and  Rhoda  (French)  Lovell,  was  born  in  Braintree, 
Mass.,  in  September,  1807 ;  converted  in  1825 ; 
studied  at  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Kent's  Hill, 
Readfield,  Me.,  at  Connecticut  Literary  Institution, 
Suffield,  Conn.,  and  at  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, Mass.  ;  chosen  associate  principal  of  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institution  in  1837  ;  principal 
of  the  city  high  school  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  for 
two  years;  for  a  time  the  editor  of  The^Egis,  pub- 
lished in  Worcester,  Mass. ;  in  1847  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mansfield.  Conn. ;  ordained 


in  1848 ;  in  1853  accepted  a  call  to  Bloomfield, 
Conn. ;  in  1857  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
East  Longmeadow,  Mass.  ;  during  the  war  was  an 
agent  for  the  Christian  Commission  at  Newbern, 
N.  C. ;  in  1868  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Tariffville,  Conn. ;  now  living  in  Andover,  Conn. ; 
very  scholarly,  calm,  penetrating,  thorough  in 
thought,  elegant  in  style,  eminently  sound  in  the 
faith;  mightier  with  his  pen  than  with  his  voice: 
a  poet  of  unusually  delicate  taste ;  a  man  of  great 
purity  and  integrity. 

Lovell,  Rev.  N.  G.,  was  born  in  Rowley,  now 
Georgetown,  Mass.,  in  1806.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1833,  and  in  the  following 
October  entered  Newton  Theological  Institution. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
.Princeton,  Mass.,  in  July,  1834.  Ilis  subsequent 
settlements  were  at  Amherst,  Bellingham,  and 
North  Attleborough.  Seventeen  years  of  his  life 
were  thus  devoted  to  the  ministry.  His  labors 
were  Vjlessed  in  all  his  pastorates,  especially  in  that 
of  Bellingham,  where  there  was  an  interesting  re- 
vival of  religion,  followed  by  large  additions  to  his 
church.  He  died  at  Valley  Falls,  R.  I.,  Nov.  15, 
1851. 

Lowry,  Gen.  M.  P.,  president  of  Blue  Moun- 
tain College,  Miss.,  ten  years  president  of  Missis- 


GEN.    M.    p.   LOWRY. 


sippi  Baptist  Convention,  distinguished  as  an  edu- 
cator, preacher,  editor,  and  as  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  Confederate  army,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1828.  He  began  to  preach  in  Mississippi  in  18.52  ; 
supplied    the    churches   at  Farmington,  Corinth, 


WALNUT    STREF.T    BAPTIST    riURCH.     I.OIISVII.LE 


LOWRV 


722 


LOXLEY 


Rienzi,  Riploy>  s"!'!  otlier  places;  in  1.S61  entered 
the  Confederate  service  as  a  captain,  was  elected 
colonel,  and  for  gallant  conduct  was  made  brigadier- 
general,  and  altlioiigh  he  refused  further  promotion, 
he  was  often  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  division, 
and  served  with  distinguislied  ability  at  Corinth, 
Perryville,  where  he  was  wounded,  and  in  that 
terrible  succession  of  battles  that  followed  Sher- 
man's advance  into  Georgia,  buring  the  war  he 
preached  regularly  to  the  soldiers,  and  at  its  close 
resumed  his  old  field  ;  founded  Blue  Mountain  Fe- 
male College:  contributed  two  years  to  Oet>r;/ia 
Index,  and  was  six  years  associate  editor  nf  the 
Memphis  Baptiiil.     Ho  is  also  a  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Lowry,  Rev.  Jennings  O'Bannon,  pastor  of 
Coliseum  Place  Baptist  church.  New  Orleans,  was 
born  in  Georgia  in  1851,  but  reared  in  South  Caro- 
lina, lie  took  a  literary  course  at  Erskine  College, 
S.  C.  After  a  course  in  theology  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  he  spent  some  time 
at  Lcipsic,  Germany  ;  was  pastor  of  St.  Francis 
Street  church,  Mobile,  Ala.,  five  years;  called  to 
New  Orleans,  in  Di'Ccniber,  1871). 

Lowry,  Robert,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  March  12,  182tJ.  His  parents  were  members  of 
the  Associate  Presbyterian  Church.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  became  a  subject  of  divine  grace. 
After  reading  the  New  Testament,  he  was  con- 
vinced that  it  was  his  duty  to  follow  Christ  in 
baptism.  He  was  immersed  April  23,  1843,  by 
Dr.  George  B.  Ide,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia.  He  began  his  religious  life 
with  Christian  work  in  helping  to  organize  a  Sun- 
day-school in  a  destitute  part  of  the  city.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  felt  an  irrepressible  drawing  towards 
the  ministry,  but  did  not  venture  to  disclose  it 
until  his  pastor  probed  his  feelings  and  encour- 
aged him  to  begin  a  course  of  study.  In  1848  he 
entered  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  was 
graduated  in  1854,  receiving  valedictory  honors. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  ordained,  and  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  West 
Chester,  Pa.  Here  he  remained  four  years,  during 
which  time  a  new  church  edifice  was  built.  In  1858 
he  was  called  to  the  liloomingdale  Baptist  church, 
New  York  City.  A  movement  for  a  new  church 
edifice  was  interrupted  by  the  breaking  out  of  the 
civil  war.  In  1801  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Han- 
son Place  Baptist  church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  labored  over  eight  years.  During  this  pastorate 
al)Out  400  members  wore  added  to  the  church.  In 
1861)  he  was  induced  to  accept  the  professorship 
of  Belles-Lettres  in  LewLsburg,  and  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church.  While  here  the  new  church 
edifice  was  dedicated.  After  performing  this  double 
work  for  six  years,  he  retired,  with  the  honorary 
title  of  D.D.,  to  Plainfield,  N.  J.  He  was  sub- 
sequently   elected    chancellor    of    the    university. 


Shortly  after  reaching  Plainfield  a  new  church 
was  organized,  which  called  hiia  to  its  pastorship. 
This  movement  led  to  the  erection  of  the  Park 
Avenue  church  at  a  cost  of  $40,000.  He  has  al- 
ways been  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday-school. 
He  preaches  extemporaneously,  and  holds  tena- 
ciously to  the  distinctive  views  of  Bajitists.  Mul- 
titudes know  him  as  a  composer  of  sacred  song 
rather  than  as  a  preacher.  His  melodies  arc  sung 
in  evei'y  English-speaking  land.  Some  of  his 
hymns  have  been  translated  into  foreign  tongues. 
Music  and  hymnology  arc  favorite  studies  with 
him.  Of  five  sons,  three  of  whom  are  living,  the 
oldest  has  given  himself  to  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. 

Loxley,  Col.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Yorkshire. 
England,  Dec.  20,  1720;  came  to  Philadelphia  at 
the  ;ige  of  sixteen,  and  served  five  years  at  the  car- 
penter's trade.  Married  first  .Jane  Watkins.  sister 
of  his  master,  and  on  her  death,  (Catherine  Cox, 
of  Upper  Freehold,  N.J.  He  had  fifteen  children. 
About  1755  he  helped  to  form  the  1st  Artillery 
Company  of  Philadelphia,  and  went  as  lieutenant 
into  the  service  under  Gen.  Bruddock,  sharing  his 
defeat  ;it  Great  Meadows.  In  1758,  Gen.  Forbes 
ap])ointed  him  to  tiike  charge  of  the  king's  stores 
in  the  province,  which  he  did  for  seven  years.  In 
17.64  he  had  command  of  the  artillery  which 
awaited  the  invasion  of  the  "  Paxton  boys,"  of 
which  Mr.  Graydon  gives  an  amusing  account  in 
bis  "  Ueminiscences.''  He  describes  Capt.  Loxley 
as  a  very  honest  little  man,  "who  was  always 
put  foremost  when  great  guns  were  in  question." 
In  1775,  Col.  Loxley  was  on  the  Committee  of 
Safety  for  Dock  Ward,  and  served  in  the  Pro- 
vincial Conference  and  Convention  of  the  times. 
Comman<led  the  artillery  at  Amboy,  at  Gernum- 
town,  and  was  constantly  engaged  in  casting  and 
in  supplying  various  munitions  of  war.  While 
driven  out  of  Philadelphia  by  the  British,  they 
burned  five  of  his  buildings  and  destroyed  other 
property.  Some  of  his  family  also  served  in  the 
army.  Col.  Loxley  was  early  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  and  liberal  and  conspicu- 
ous in  erecting  its  meeting-house  iit  La  Grange 
Place.  Among  other  Baptist  houses,  public  or 
private,  where  Whitefield  preached  in  Phila- 
delphia, was  Loxley's  residence,  near  177  South 
Second  Street,  then  said  to  bo  in  the  country.  The 
front  of  the  house  was  arched,  and  there  the  great 
preacher  addressed  thousands  on  the  gentle  bill, 
whose  slope  afforded  a  resting-place.  The  neigh- 
borhood was  where  Cadwallader  drilled  his  '"  silk- 
stocking  company,"  some  of  whom  proved  doOghty 
warriors  in  times  that  tested  men's  souls.  About 
opposite  was  the  house  of  William  Darrah,  whose 
wife  (Lyilia)  overheard  a  plot  laid  by  certain  Brit- 
ish officers,  quarti^n'il  upon  them,  to  surprise  Wash- 


LUCAS 


723 


LUDLOW 


ington  at  Wliiteinarsh.  She  "went  to  mill"  early 
next  morning,  and  contrived  to  convey  information 
whereby  the  danger  was  averted,  the  British  not 
knowing  why  their  plans  failed.  Ool.  Loxley  died 
in  the  fall  of  1801,  aged  about  eighty-one  years, 
leaving  many  of  his  name  and  blood  in  Pennsylva- 
nia and  New  Jersey.  One,  Benjamin  R.  Loxley, 
was  long  a  useful  home  missionary  in  Philadel- 
phia.    Another  is  wife  of  Robert  Lowry,  I).|). 

Lucas,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  born  in  Plymouth, 
England,  in  December,  1S2S.  When  quite  a  lad  he 
accepted  Christ,  ami  united  with  the  AVesleyan 
Methodists.     In    the    spring  of   1S.5I)   he  came  to 


REV.  ELIJAH    I.UCAS. 

America,  and  having  been  for  a  long  time  troubled 
on  the  subject  of  baptism,  and  being  convinced 
that  the  law  of  Christ  required  immersion,  he  of- 
fered himself  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  as  a  candidate  for  baptism,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Geo.  C.  Baldwin,  U.l).,  and  some 
time  afterwards  that  church  licensed  him  to  preach. 
Mr.  Lucas  always  shrank  from  the  work  of  the 
ministry,  and  was  at  last  almost  thrust  into  it  by 
the  providence  of  (iod. 

His  first  settlement  was  at  AVaterford  and  Half- 
Moon,  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.  lie  served  both 
those  churches,  preaching  three  times  each  Lord's 
day.  After  laboring  for  about  two  and  a  halfyears, 
he  removed  in  IS.')")  U\  Stanford,  in  Dutchess  Co., 
N.  Y.  In  IS.'j'.t  he  accepted  a  call  from  Greenport, 
and  continued  there  three  years,  lie  served  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Harlem,  New  York  City, 
nine  years,  after  having  labored  about  two  and  a 


half  years  in  Hastings,  on  the  Hudson.  On  re- 
turning from  Harlem  he  went  to  Europe,  and  on 
his  return  he  accepted  the  unanimous  call  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Trenton,  N.  .J.,  and  began 
his  labors  there  in  1873,  and  he  is  still  with  that 
church. 

Mr.  Lucas  has  baptized  a  large  number  at  Tren- 
ton. His  church  has  over  1000  members,  being 
the  largest  Baptist  church,  except  the  First  of  New- 
ark, in  the  State.  Mr.  Lucas  is  an  able  preacher 
and  a  ilovoted  servant  of  the  Redeemer. 

Luck,  Rev.  William  Prancis,  was  born  Nov. 
7,  1801,  in  Campbell  Co.,  Va.,  in  1827.  He  re- 
moved to  Tennessee,  and  lived  there  thirty  years. 
In  1857  he  located  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Mo.  lie  pro- 
fessed religion  in  1830,  and  joined  the  Pleasant 
Valley  church,  Tenn.  At  one  time  he  was  mis- 
sionary of  the  General  Association  of  Middle  Ten- 
nessee and  North  Alabama.  He  preached  until 
within  a  few  days  of  his  death,  and  chiefly  to  four 
churches.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  bold  and  im- 
pressive. As  an  evangelist,  he  was  efficient.  In 
Missouri  he  labored  much  in  revivals.  He  died 
Dee.  26,  1878.  Rigid  in  discipline,  prompt  in  re- 
proof, and  full  of  the  spirit  of  Jesus,  he  commanded 
the  confidence  and  love  of  his  brethren. 

Ludlow,  Gen.  Edmund,  was  born  at  Maiden- 
Bradley,  in  Wiltshire,  England,  in  1020,  and  edu- 
cated at  Trinity  College,  Oxford.  He  was  one  of 
the  judges  that  condemneil  Charles  I.  ;  he  was  a 
distinguished  general  in  the  Parliamentary  forces, 
and  for  a  time  at  the  head  of  the  large  English 
army  necessarily  kept  in  Ireland.  He  was  en- 
dowed with  a  penetrating  and  independent  mind  \ 
and  ho  could  not  be  moved  by  fear  for  the  mighty 
power  of  Cromwell,  or  by  a  desire  for  the  great 
favors  he  had  to  bestow,  to  change  the  course  he 
had  selected  for  himself  Ludlow  was  a  decided 
republican,  and  when  Cromwell  assumed  the  Pro- 
tectorate, he  made  a  vigorous  protest  against  the 
step,  and  gjivo  up  his  command  in  Ireland.  After 
the  return  of  Charles  II.  to  England,  ho  went  to 
Vevay,  in  Switzerland,  where  he  died  in  l(i'.t3.  His 
"  Memoirs"  are  necessary  to  complete  the  history 
of  the  Parliamentary  war  in  England. 

Richard  Baxter,  speaking  of  Cromwell,  says, 
"  He  sent  his  son  Henry  into  Ireland,  who  mightily 
suppress  the  Anabajitists.  ...  so  that  Maj.Gen. 
Ludlow,  who  beaded  them  in  Ireland,  was  forced 
to  submit."*  Ludlow  was  a  Baptist,  and  worthily 
he  walked  in  days  of  danger  and  temptation. 

Ludlow,  Rev.  James  Peter,  grandson  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Stephen  Gano,  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  at 
Charleston.  S.  C,  Jan.  ."j.  18.i3.  He  was  converted 
at  sea,  on  the  whale-ship  ''  Helen  Augusta"  ;  bap- 
tized at  Honolulu,  Sandwich  Islands,  in  February, 


*  Buxter's  T.ife,  pp.  (J9,  70. 


LUMPKIN 


724 


LUMPKIN 


]853,  \>j  the  seamen's  chaplain,  8.  C.  iJamon  :  the 
first  immersion  ever  witnessed  at  Honolulu.  He 
graduated  at  Rochester,  in  IS'U  from  the  univer- 
sity, and  in  1864  from  the  theological  seminary, 
And  was  ordained  in  1864  by  the  Central  church, 
Newport,  R.  I. 

The  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
sent  him  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  in  1864,  at  which 
place  he  organized,  in  1865,  the  Tabernacle  church, 
and  was  for  six  years  its  successful  pastor.  In 
1872  he  was  pastor  of  Calvary  church,  Sacra- 
mento. Failing  health  induced  him  to  take  a  sea- 
voyage  around  the  world.  With  health  restored, 
he  became  pastor  at  Olympia,  Washington  Terri- 
tory, where  he  served  with  great  success.  In  1879 
he  became  missionary  for  Puget  Sound,  with  resi- 
dence at  Seattle.  He  is  deputy  clerk  of  the  U.  S. 
District  Court  of  Washington  Territory,  over  which 
the  Hon.  Judge  Roger  S.  Greene,  his  friend,  and 
also  a  Baptist  preacher,  presides  with  marked 
ability. 

Lumpkiu,  Rev.  Jolm,  the  third  of  eight 
brothers,  all  of  whom  attained  prominent  positions, 
was  the  son  of  John  and  Lucy  Lumpkin,  who  re- 
moved from  Virginia  and  settled  in  Oglethorpe 
Co.,  Ga.  He  was  born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  4,  178.5,  but  was  brought  to  Georgia  in  his 
infancy,  and  in  Oglethorpe  County  he  was  reared 
and  educated,  and  in  it  he  labored  and  died.  He  was 
a  Baptist  minister  of  prominence,  usefulness,  sterling 
worth,  ability,  and  conscientious  rectitude.  Gov. 
AV'ilson  Lumpkin,  of  Georgia,  was  his  elder  brother, 
and  Judge  Joseph  Henry  Lumpkin,  chief  justice  of 
the  Supreme  bench,  was  his  younger  brother.  He 
united  with  County-Line  church,  Morgan  Co.,  in 
1808,  and  was  ordained  the  same  year,  and  imme- 
diately was  called  to  the  care  of  churches.  During 
his  ministry  he  constituted  the  churches  at  Antioch 
and  Salem,  in  Oglethorpe  County,  and  Sardis,  in 
Wilkes  County  ;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  Aug. 
1,  1839,  the  buildings  of  these  three  churches  were 
draped  in  mourning. 

His  life  was  a  shining  example  of  true  Christi- 
anity. As  a  preacher,  his  sermons  were  more  re- 
markable for  their  practical  bearing  than  for 
brilliancy.  In  his  ministerial  career  he  labored 
diligently  and  persistently  to  win  souls  for  Christ ; 
and  God  blessed  his  labors  wonderfully.  By  con- 
forming his  example  to  his  precepts  he  made  a 
deep  impression  upon  the  community  where  he 
lived,  and  left  to  his  children  a  spotless  name. 
During  his  last  moments  an  aged  minister  stepped 
in  to  bid  him  a  final  adieu,  and  said,  "  Brother 
Lumpkin,  you  are  now  entering  Jordan,  how  do 
you  find  it?"  "  The  deeper  I  wade  the  firmer  the 
bottom,"  was  the  reply. 

Lumpkin,  Ex-Gov.  Wilson,  of  Georgia,  was 
born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1783,  and 


died  at  Athens,  Ga.,  on  the  28th  December,  1870, 
at  the  age  of  eighty-seven. 

In  1786  his  parents  moved  to  Georgia,  bringing 
with  them  the  infant  destined  to  fill  so  many  con- 
spicuous positions  in  the  State  of  his  adoption.  At 
eighteen  years  of  age  his  mind  became  awakened 
to  the  great  importance  of  salvation,  and  he  expe- 
rienced peace  through  faith.  Personal  investiga- 
tion of  the  Scriptures  led  to  his  adoption  of  Baptist 
views,  although  his  parents  were  Methodists,  and 
his  predilections  were  towards  the  Presbyterians. 
In  the  course  of  time  his  parents,  afiected  by  his 
baptism,  became  Baptists  themselves,  after  search- 
ing the  Scriptures.     Subsequently,  others  of  the 


EX-GOV.   WILSON'    LI'MPKI.N. 

family  followed  the  parents  into  the  waters  of  bap- 
tism, and  in  a  short  period  all  the  adult  mem- 
bers of  the  family  united  with  a  Baptist  church. 
"God  made  me  a  Baptist,"  said  Gov.  Lumpkin 
to  a  friend,  in  after-life,  "  and  I  can  never  be  any- 
thing else.  I  must  be  of  this  faith,  if  I  am  the  only 
person  in  the  world  professing  it,"  and  to  the  end 
of  his  long  life  he  remained  steadfast  to  his  convic- 
tions. 

Hardly  had  he  attained  his  twenty-first  year  be- 
fore he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Georgia,  which  met  in  1804,  and  he  discharged  his 
responsible  duties  so  satisfoctorily  that  he  was 
elected  for  several  consecutive  sessions.  In  1814 
he  was  chosen  to  represent  his  district  in  the 
national  councils,  and  took  his  seat  at  Washington 
the  same  year, —  a  year  memorable  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  national  capital  by  the  British  troops. 


LUMPKIN 


725 


LUNG 


For  several  sessions  Mr.  Lumpkin  was  returned  to 
Congress,  bearing  off  the  prize  from  all  competi- 
tors. In  1831  he  was  so  prominent  with  his  party 
— the  old  Union  party,  as  it  was  then  termed — that 
he  received  the  nomination  for  governor,  and  his 
election  followed.  Having  served  the  State  for  two 
years,  he  was  triumphantly  re-elected  in  IS.3.3.  On 
retiring  from  the  gubernatorial  chair  he  received, 
from  Gen.  Jackson,  an  important  commission  in 
connection  with  Indian  affairs,  after  the  discharge 
of  which  duty  he  became,  in  1838,  a  United  States 
Senator. 

He  had  now  enjoyed  all  the  political  honors  the 
State  could  bestow,  and  being  nearly  threescore 
years  of  age,  he  sought  retirement ;  and,  pur- 
chasing a  comfortable  home  in  the  vicinity  of 
Athens,  Ga.,  he  spent  in  that  locality  the  remainder 
of  his  days.  The  only  public  service  he  afterwards 
rendered  was  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  State  University,  of  which  he  was  the  senior 
member  and  honored  president  for  many  years. 

Few  men  have  lived  in  Georgia  more  universally 
popular  than  Gov.  Lumpkin.  He  never  failed  to 
secure  any  office  for  which  he  was  a  candidate  be- 
fore the  people.  For  forty  consecutive  years  he 
was  retained  in  positions  of  high  trust  and  honor, 
and  for  a  much  longer  period,  if  we  include  his 
service  as  trustee  of  the  State  University.  His 
popularity  was  due,  in  a  good  degree,  to  his  un- 
swerving fidelity  to  the  trusts  he  had  received.  If 
not  a  bold  and  dashing  leader,  he  was  a  prudent 
officer,  and  the  people  felt  that  the  public  interests 
were  safe  in  his  hands.  He  was  always  ready  to 
serve  his  friends  at  any  reasonable  sacrifice,  whilst 
towards  his  political  opponents  he  deported  himself 
with  so  much  courtesy  that  he  was  constantly  dis- 
arming their  opposition  and  winning  them  to  his 
support. 

He  was  endowed  by  nature  with  an  active  and 
inquiring  mind.  He  early  learned  to  think  for 
himself,  and  by  this  process  his  fine  intellectual 
gifts  were  drawn  out  or  educated.  There  were 
few  subjects  of  importance  connected  with  the 
science  of  government  which  had  not  been  care- 
fully examined  by  him,  and  his  opinions  were 
promptly  forthcoming  whenever  required.  His 
official  papers  while  governor,  and  his  speeches 
while  a  member  of  Congress,  are  able  and  states- 
manlike, evincing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
subjects  discussed:  and  they  are, written  with  the 
perspicuity  and  good  sense  characteristic  of  a  man 
who  has  something  to  say  and  is  intent  only  in 
lodging  his  meaning  in  the  minds  of  those  whom 
he  addresses. 

But  it  was  the  elevated  moral  and  religious  char- 
acter dignifying  and  adorning  the  life  of  Gov.  Lump- 
kin which  constituted  his  highest  excellence.  He 
was  a  Christian  statesman,  not  indifferent  to  the 


approbation  of  his  fellow-men,  but  far  more  anxious 
for  the  honor  which  comes  from  above.  With  some 
honorable  exceptions,  politicians  make  poor  church 
members:  but  Gov.  Lumpkin  never  furled  his  re- 
ligious colors  for  fe.ar  it  might  lose  him  the  votes 
of  those  who  were  of  a  different  religious  faith. 
Whether  at  his  country  home,  where  he  first  pro- 
fessed faith  in  Christ,  or  at  Milledgeville,  or  in 
Washington  City,  or  Athens,  he  always  took  his 
stand  for  Christ,  identifying  himself  with  his  Bap- 
tist brethren,  however  obscure  they  might  be.  As- 
suming nothing  on  account  of  the  high  honors 
he  had  received  from  the  State,  he  took  his  place 
among  the  humblest  members  of  the  church,  ever 
counting  it  a  privilege  to  be  even  a  door-keeper 
in  the  house  of  God.  When  the  work  of  the  Lord 
was  revived,  no  one  rejoiced  more  than  he  ;  and 
it  was  a  touching  sight  to  see  him  exhorting  the 
youthful  converts  to  be  faithful  to  their  vows,  when 
they  presented  themselves  for  church-membership. 
His  silvery  locks  and  tearful  eye  and  ti'emulous 
voice  emphasized  his  pious  advice  with  a  power 
and  pathos  which  subdued  every  heart. 

He  courted  the  confidence  of  his  brethren  more 
than  the  praises  of  politicians.  Late  in  life  he  at- 
tended a  meeting  of  the  Sarepta  Association,  and, 
quite  unexpectedly  to  himself,  was  elected  moder- 
ator. His  heart  was  touched  by  the  respect  thus 
expressed,  and  he  subsequently  remarked  that  no 
office  whicli  worldly  men  had  conferred  ever  gave 
him  such  pleasure  as  the  confidence  thus  exhibited 
by  his  brethren  in  calling  him  to  preside  over  their 
deliberations.  He  was  a  man  of  great  faith  and 
large  heart,  and  with  a  nature  as  tender  and  sen- 
sitive as  a  woman's.  Afflictions  severe  and  fre- 
quent kept  his  heart  soft.  "  He  had,"'  said  one 
who  knew  him  most  intimately,  '•  as  much  real, 
heart-breaking,  continued  trouble  as  any  one  I 
have  ever  known,  yet  such  was  his  faith  in  God 
that  he  could  rejoice  at  all  times.'"  He  was  ac- 
customed to  say,  "  I  would  rather  walk  in  the  dark 
with  God  than  go  alone  in  the  light.  My  dear 
Lord  appoints  all  my  troubles,  and  I  brush  away 
the  coming  tears  when  I  think  that  it  is  his  will." 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  probably  the 
oldest  Baptist,  as  he  was  certainly  among  the 
oldest  citizens,  of  the  State.  He  served  his  gener^ 
ation  faithfully,  by  the  will  of  God,  and  then  fell 
asleep, — that 

'*  blessetl  sleep. 
From  whi'-h  none  ever  wake^  to  weep." 

Lung,  Rev.  A,  H.,  was  born  in  Rush,  Susque- 
hanna Co.,  Pa.,  Nov.  1,  182(1.  He  received  his 
first  lessons  at  school  from  Benj.  F.  Bently,  now 
Judge  Bently,  of  Williamsport,  Pa. 

At  the  age  of  eleven  years  he  found  Christ,  and 
was  baptized  at  thirteen  by  Rev.  Davis  Dimock, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Rush  Baptist  church. 


LUNSFOIiD 


72« 


LUSH 


For  two  years  lie  taught  school.  lie  then  became 
a,  student  in  Hartford  Academy,  in  Xorthcastern 
Pennsylvania,  and  after  two  and  a  half  years  was 
•admitted  into  Lewisburg  University,  and  gradu- 
ated in  1853.  He  entered  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  completed  his  course 
in  the  class  of  1855. 

Acting  as  .a  supply,  he  preached  as  opportunity 
ofiered  until  May,  1857,  when  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Uaptist  church  at  Canaudaigua,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
■ordained  the  following  August. 

Here  he  labored  with  marked  success  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war.  In  January,  1802,  he 
"was  commissioned  as  chaplain  of  the  33d  Kegiment 
N.  Y.  A'ols.  While  on  the  Peninsula,  Va.,  he  was 
attacked  with  severe  illness,  and  for  several  days 
lay  in  the  hospital  at  Fortress  Monroe  at  the  point 
■of  death.  Recovering,  he  remained  with  his  regi- 
ment until  it  was  mustered  out  of  service,  a  little 
before  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  after  which  ho  re- 
sumed his  pastorate  at  Canandaigua.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1864,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Germantown,  Philadelphia. 
Here  his  ministry  was  signally  blessed  in  the  con- 
version of  many  souls.  In  1806  he  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  the  chapel  now  known  as  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Germantown,  and  his  church  dis- 
•missed  a  colony  to  aid  in  forming  the  organization. 

In  1867  he  was  permitted  to  enjoy  the  most  gra- 
■cious  revival  of  his  whole  ministry.  In  a  single 
year  he  gave  the  hand  of  fellowship  to  202  new 
members,  179  of  whom  were  received  by  hiaptism. 

In  1808  he  planted  a  mission  in  Lower  Gorman- 
town,  erected  a  chapel,  and  organized  a  ihnrch, 
which  became  the  Third  Baptist  church  of  ti  'r- 
mantown. 

lie  became  its  pastor,  and  remained  with  it 
with  much  success  until  June,  1872.  In  that 
year  he  was  called  to  take  the  pastorate  of  the 
Trinity  church  of  Camden,  N.  J.  He  is  now  in 
his  ninth  year  with  this  church,  which  has  grown 
from  'JO  to  about  400  members.  Mr.  Lung  has 
lt>aptized  712  persons  during  his  ministry. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Lew- 
isburg University  and  of  South  Jersey  Institute. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of 
the  New  -Jei-sey  Baptist  Education  Society  and  of 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society.  He  is  a 
•diligent  worker,  a  conscientious  Christian,  and  a 
successful  pastor. 

Lunsford,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  born  in  the  county 
of  Stall'urd,  Va.,  al)oiit  the  year  1753.  He  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Fristoe,  and,  uniting 
with  the  Potomac  church,  now  Ilortwood,  he 
began  at  once  to  preach.  His  labors  in  the  North- 
ern Neck  of  Virginia  were  greatly  blessed,  and 
many  were  added  to  the  churches  which  he  him- 
self had   organized.     In   the   year    1778   he   was 


chosen  pastor  of  the  Moratico  church,  just  then 
constituted,  and  he  continued  in  that  relation  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  Oct.  20,  1793.  Mr.  Luns- 
ford, in  many  respects,  was  a  rcmarkaljle  man. 
His  zeal  in  the  work  of  his  Master  is  seen  in  the 
fact  that  he  would  sometimes  rise  from  his  sick- 
bed and  preach  a  thrilling  sermon  to  the  waiting 
crowds  ;  also  in  the  fact  that  he  would  start  on  long 
and  wearisome  journeys  in  the  most  stormy  weather 
to  meet  either  regular  or  special  ajipointments. 
His  journey  ings  took  him  three  different  times  as 
far  as  Kentucky,  preaching  the  gospel  everywhere, 
and  he  was  listened  to  by  thronging  crowds  of 
anxious  and  delighted  hearers.  In  his  spare  hours 
he  was  a  diligent  student,  and  among  his  acquire- 
ments was  quite  an  accurate  knowledge  of  medi- 
cine, which  made  him  specially  useful  among  fam- 
ilies to  whom  he  might,  otherwise,  not  have  had 
access.  As  a  man,  Lunsford  stood  among  the  fore- 
most in  his  State  for  consistency  of  character,  ami- 
ability of  deportment,  and  an  example  of  all  the 
nobler  traits  of  human  nature  ;  while  his  powers 
of  reasoning,  the  keenness  of  his  sarcasm,  and  his 
undaunted  spirit,  made  him  a  terror  to  the  wicked. 
As  a  preacher,  he  had  but  few  equals  in  his  day. 
His  presence  was  commanding ;  his  voice  strong 
and  well  modulated ;  his  conceptions  quick  and 
elevated ;  and  his  whole  manner  attractive  in  the 
highest  degree.  Lunsford,  with  other  Baptists  of 
those  days,  met  with  considerable  persecution  at 
the  hands  of  the  ignorant  and  the  bigoted.  He 
was  frequently  threatened,  sometimes  assaulted, 
and  more  than  once  in  great  danger;  but  his  pru- 
dence and  perseverance  overcame,  in  a  measure, 
this  hostility.  Dr.  Jeter  has  said  of  him,  "  He 
was  eminently  useful,  and  the  churches  which  he 
founded  have  enjoyed  a  large  measure  of  pros- 
perity. ...  He  would  have  been  distinguished  in 
any  age  and  cnuntry ;  .  .  .  and,  though  taken  from 
the  field  of  labor  in  the  vigor  of  his  days,  but  few 
have  accomplished  more  than  he  for  the  extension 
of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom.'' 

Lush,  The  Eight  Honorable  Sir  Robert,  a 

lord  justice  of  the  English  High  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, has  been  for  many  years  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  England.  He 
was  born  at  Shaftesbury.  Wiltshire,  Oct.  25,  1807, 
and  was  educated  in  his  native  town.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  in  1840,  and  practised  with  suc- 
cess in  the  Chancery  courts,  his  professional  ser- 
vices being  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  leading 
commercial  men  of  the  metropolis.  In  1857  he  ob 
tained  the  dignity  of  Queen's  counsel,  and  in  18(i^"i 
he  was  elevated  to  the  bench  and  received  the  honor 
of  knighthood,  to  which  has  since  been  added  the 
dignity  of  a  Privy  Counsellor.  Sir  Robert  Lush 
married  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Christopher 
Woollacot,    many  years   pastor  of  the  venerable 


LUTHER 


727 


LUTHER 


church  in  Little  Wild   Street,  London,  iiiid  with 
that  church  he  was  associated  until  the  organiza- 


church,  1H65-68  ;  established  Thu  Central  Baptist 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1806,  and  edited  it  for  nine 
and  a  half  years;  pastor  of  Fee  Fee  church  in 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.,  the  oldest  Protestant  church 
west  of  the  Mississippi ;  pastor  of  Second  Baptist 
church,  Galveston,  Texas,  one  year,  ending  August, 
18TS  ;  now  president  of  Baylor  Female  ColIc<;e,  In- 
dependence, Texas.  His  training  under  Waj'land, 
Sears,  and  Ilackett,  his  association  with  Sherwood 
and  Campbell,  of  Georgia,  Johnson  and  the  elder 
Manly,  of  South  Carolina,  have  fitted  him  for  ex- 
tended usefulness.  The  journals  of  Louisville  and 
Boston  sp^ik  of  him  as  a  fine  rhetorical  scholar,  a 
thorough  theologian,  and  an  accomplished  editor. 
William  Jewell  College  conferred  on  him  the  de- 


THE  KIGHT  HONORABLE  SIR  ROBERT  LUSH. 

tion  of  the  Regent's  Park  church,  under  Dr.  Lan- 
dels,  in  1857.  Since  that  time  he  has  served  the 
churcli  in  the  office  of  deacon  with  zeal  and  devo- 
tion, and  has  been  a  ready  helper  of  the  piistor  in 
every  good  work.  He  has  also  taken  a  lively  in- 
terest in  the  Missionary  Society,  and  has  been  for 
several  years  one  of  the  treasurers  of  the  Particular 
Baptist  Fund.  Several  treatises  on  points  of  law 
attest  his  professional  eminence,  and  he  was  gazetted 
in  1878  as  one  of  the  members  of  the  Royal  Com- 
mission appointed  to  inquire  into  the  provisions  of 
the  Draft  Code  relating  to  Indictable  Offenses. 

Luther,  John  Hill,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Warren, 
R.  I.,  June  21,  lsi!4.  On  his  mothers  side  he  is 
of  Huguenot  origin,  while  his  ancestors  on  the 
father's  side  were  among  the  Welsh  emigrants 
who  founded  one  of  the  earliest  Baptist  churches 
on  the  American  continent,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Luther  being  the  second  pastor  of  the  Swansea 
Baptist  church.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1847.  Among  his  classmates  were  Prof. 
G.  P.  Fisher,  of  Yale  College  ;  Dr.  J.  P.  Boyce,  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  ;  R.  A. 
Guild,  LL.D.,  of  Providence ;  and  Benjamin  Thomas, 
a  missionary  to  Burmah.  lie  graduated  at  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary  in  18.J0  ;  taught  three 
years  in  Georgia  before  ordination  ;  was  pastor  of 
Blackswamp  and  Old  Pendleton  churches,  S.  C, 
lS,J4-58  ;  president  of  Young  Ladies'  Seminary  in 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  1858-61  ;  pastor  of  Miami 
church    during   the   war,   1861-05;    of   Palmyra 


JOHN     HILL    I.ITIIER,   D.D. 

gree  of  D.D.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  .Society.     lie  is  in  the  prime  of  his  powers. 

Luther,  Rev.  Robert  M.,  wa.s  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  in  1842.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  united 
with  the  Chambers  Presbyterian  church,  in  Phila- 
delphia. For  more  than  two  years  he  continued 
his  connection  with  this  body,  and  pursued  prepar- 
atory studies  with  a  view  to  entering  the  Christian 
ministry.  In  August,  18.59,  through  witnessing  a 
baptism  in  the  Tabernacle  church,  Philadelphia, 
administered  by  Rev.  W.  T.  Brantly,  D.D.,  he  was 
led  to  be  baptized  according  to  the  requirements  of 
the  Scriptures. 

This  course  involved  a  temporary  separation  from 
his  relatives,  and  gave  him  a  practical  experience 
of  the  blessedness  of  putting  his  whole  trust  in  tho 
Lord,  which  determined  to  some  extent  his  after- 
course. 


LYNDON 


728 


LYNDON 


lie  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Nicetown 
church  of  Philadelphia  in  1860,  and  after  com- 
pleting his  studies  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  was  ordained 
April  4,  1864,  by  a  council  called  by  the  Nicetown 
church.  About  a  year  previous  to  this  time  he  had 
decided  to  enter  the  foreign  mission  field.  In  May, 
1 864,  havini; recently  married  Calista,  only  dauj;htor 
of  Kev.  Dr.  J.  II.  Vinton,  our  sainted  missionary 
to  the  Karens,  Mr.  Luther  and  his  wife  sailed  for 
Burmah,  and  having  joined  the  Rangoon  mission 
to  the  Karens,  they  began  there  the  work  of  edu- 
cating the  future  preachers  and  teachers  of  the 
mission.  Mr.  Luther  was  chosen  president  of  the 
Pegu  High  and  Normal  School.  The  mathematical 
department  was  committed  to  Mrs.  Luther.  The 
theological  class  numbered  usually  about  25  mem- 
bers, and  was  conducted  entirely  by  Mr.  Luther. 
The  vacation  of  four  months  was  spent  in  jungle 
work  and  in  conducting  a  series  of  evangelistic 
labors  among  the  heathen.  Having  studied  medi- 
cine, much  of  the  influence  attained  over  the  heathen 
communities  was  due  to  Mr.  Luther's  medical  skill, 
and  thus  by  a  combination  of  labors  he  and  his 
faithful  wife  were  enabled  to  do  good  service  for 
Christ  and  the  church.  They  were  not  appointed 
by  any  society,  preferring  to  labor  independently, 
and  upon  the  work  of  the  Rangoon  mission  they 
expended  their  entire  property.  E.xcessive  labor 
and  exposure  ruined  Mr.  Luther's  health,  and  he 
was  carried  on  board  ship  in  January,  1870,  and 
supposed  to  be  at  the  point  of  death.  The  voyage, 
however,  and  the  unwearied  care  of  his  devoted 
companion,  saved  his  life,  and  he  landed,  after  more 
than  six  years"  absence,  in  July,  1870,  upon  his 
native  shores. 

He  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  work 
of  the  ministry  in  this  country.  He  served  the 
Fifth  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia  for  seven 
months  as  stated  supply,  during  which  period  about 
100  were  led  to  Christ,  principally  from  the  Sab- 
bath-school. Needing  a  colder  climate  in  order  to 
control  the  frequent  attacks  of  the  malarial  disease 
contracted  in  the  Burmese  jungles,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  Bennington,  Vt.,  where  he  remained  for 
more  than  nine  years,  having  a  very  successful 
pastorate.  lie  resigned  his  charge  at  the  request 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union,  at  the  same  time  declining 
a  call  from  the  church  at  Waltham,  Mass.,  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  district  secretary  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union  for  the  Southern  District.  He 
entered  upon  his  labors  Oct.  1,  1880. 

Lyndon,  Gov.  Jonas,  was  bom  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  March  10,  1704.  His  relatives  were  among 
tlie  honored  and  respected  citizens  of  his  birth- 
place, and  he  received  in  early  life  a  good  educa- 
tion. At  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  was  chosen 
clerk  of  the  lower  house  of  the  General  Assembly, 


and  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  county  of  New- 
port, which  offices  he  held  for  many  years,  dis- 
charging his  duties  with  great  fidelity.  The  year 
1758  is  memorable  in  Rhode  Island  history,  it 
being  the  year  in  which  commenced  an  exciting 
struggle  for  the  governorship  between  the  friends 
of  Samuel  AV'ard  and  Stephen  Hopkins.  Strife 
raged  with  great  violence  until,  as  we  are  told, 
"  such  was  the  heart-burning  hostility  of  the  bel- 
ligerent parties  as  very  greatly  to  impair  the  enjoy- 
ment of  domestic  tranquillity  and  interrupt  the 
hospitalities  of  social  life."  Success  and  defeat  at 
different  times  fell  to  the  lot  of  the  rival  candidates, 
and  for  ten  years  the  State  was  the  scene  of  bitter 
animosity.  At  last  the  parties  interested  seem  to 
have  been  aware  that  the  time  had  come  to  put  an 
end  to  the  quarrel,  and  amicable  arrangements 
were  made  for  the  election  of  a  governor,  both  Mr. 
Ward  and  Mr.  Hopkins  stepping  aside  to  give  place 
for  the  introduction  of  a  new  name.  It  is  an  in- 
dication of  the  esteem  in  which  Jonas  Lyndon  was 
held  by  his  fellow-citizens  that  he  was  .at  once  se- 
lected as  a  candidate  to  fill  the  most  important 
position  in  the  State,  and  chosen  by  them  to  occupy 
the  gubernatorial  chair,  his  term  of  service  com- 
mencing May  1,  1768.  Gov.  Lyndon  came  into 
office  at  a  time  of  great  interest  in  the  colonies. 
Signs  of  growing  hostility  to  the  arbitrary  measures 
of  the  British  government  were  exhibiting  them- 
selves on  all  hands.  In  Rhode  Island,  where  there 
was  the  declaration  of  sincere  loyalty  to  the  crown, 
there  was  no  hesitancy  in  giving  utterance  to  an 
earnest  protest  against  the  infringement  of  the 
rights  of  the  citizens.  In  Bartlett's  "  Records  of 
the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island"  we  find  a  lengthy 
correspondence  between  Gov.  Lyndon  and  the  Earl 
of  Hillsborough  touching  matters  in  which  the 
citizens  of  Rhode  Island  felt  the  deepest  interest, 
and  a  letter  also  which  the  governor  wrote  to  the 
king.  In  the  letter,  after  giving  expression  to  the 
most  loyal  affection  for  "  His  Most  Excellent  Ma- 
jestv,"  Gov.  Lyndon  and  the  "Company  of  the 
English  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations  in  New  England  in  General  Assembly 
convened,  beg  leave  with  great  humility  to  lay 
before  your  majesty  a  representation  of  our  griev- 
ances, and  to  offer  our  humble  supplications  for 
redre.ss."  After  alluding  to  the  close  tics  which 
unite  them  to  the  mother-country,  and  briefly  re- 
hearsing the  history  of  the  events  which  led  to  the 
establishment  of  the  New  England  colonics,  and 
dwelling  with  emphasis  on  the  rights  and  immuni- 
ties guaranteed  to  Rhode  Isl.and  by  the  charter  of 
King  Charles  II.,  especially  the  "  exclusive  right  of 
giving  and  granting  their  own  money  by  themselves 
or  by  their  representatives,"  the  letter  of  Gov. 
Lyndon  goes  on  to  say,  "It  is  with  the  greatest 
concern  and  grief  that  your  majesty's  loyal  subjects 


L VNDON 


729 


LYON 


in  this  colony  tiiid  their  property  given  and  granted 
by  your  iniijesty's  Parliament  without  their  con- 
Bent.  Although  we  have  the  highest  veneration 
for  that  most  august  body,  to  whom  we  cheerfully 
and  readily  submit,  as  to  the  supreme  legislature 
of  the  whole  empire,  in  all  things  consistent  with 
the  first  and  most  fundamental  rights  of  nature, 
yet  we  humbly  conceive  that  the  late  acts  of 
Parliament  imposing  duties  and  taxes  upon  your 
majesty's  subjects  in  America,  not  for  the  regula- 
tion of  commerce  merely,  but  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  raising  a  revenue,  thereby  giving  and 
granting  the  property  of  the  Americans,  without 
their  consent,  to  be  an  infringement  of  those  rights 
and  privileges  derived  to  us  from  nature,  and  from 
the  British  constitution,  and  conformed  by  our 
charter,  and  the  uninterrupted  enjoyment  of  them 
for  more  than  a  century  past."  This  letter,  ex- 
pressive of  the  sentiments  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  signed  by  its  patriotic  gov- 
ernor, was  .accompanied  with  two  others  to  the 
Earl  of  Hillsborough,  in  which  the  same  views 
were  presented.  The  three  communications  were 
sent  to  -Joseph  Sherwood.  Esq.,  the  agent  of  the 
colony  in  London,  to  whom  the  governor  wrote, 
"  By  these  you  will  know  the  sentiments  of  the 
General  Assembly  upon  the  late  acts  of  Parliament 
for  raising  a  revenue  upon  the  free  inhabitants  of 
the  colonies  without  their  consent.  They  look 
upon  them  as  incompatible  with  their  rights,  and 
with  their  existence  as  a  free  people ;  and  they 
have  no  doubt  but  that  you  will  exert  your  utmost 
endeavors  to  obtain  a  repeal  of  these  acts."  Those 
letters  to  the  king  and  the  Earl  of  Hillsborough 
produced  no  change  in  the  policy  of  the  British 
Parliament.  Mr.  Sherwood  in  communicating  the 
circumstances  that  he  had  delivered  the  documents 
forwarded  to  his  care,  writes,  "We  learned  yes- 
terday from  one  of  his  majesty's  ministers  that 
the  legislature  is  determined  not  to  repeal  those 
acts  for  the  present,  but  to  enforce  the  execution 
of  them  ;  yet  such  enforcement  is  intended  to  be 
executed  with  lenity  and  mildness  if  it  can  ;  but  at 
all  events  the  execution  of  those  acts  will  at  present 
be  enforced,  according  to  the  best  information  we 
can  get." 

The  administration  of  Gov.  Lyndon  continued 
but  for  one  year,  from  May  1,  1768,  to  May  1, 
1769.  His  declination  for  another  term  seems  to 
have  been  a  voluntary  act  on  his  part.  It  may  be 
that  he  saw  that  difficulties  and  dangers  were 
gathering  around  the  colony,  and  he  shrank  from 
the  grave  responsibilities  which  might  fall  upon 
him  .OS  the  chief  magistrate  of  the  State.  His 
habits  of  life  rather  fitted  him  for  the  quiet  clerical 
pursuits  in  which  he  had  so  long  been  engaged. 
The  Hon.  J.  R.  Bartlett  speaks  of  him  as  '•  of  an 
amiable  and  something  of  a  literary  character  :  he 
47 


had  been  many  years  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  the  county  of  Newport,  which  place  he 
held  undisturbed  by  either  party.  He  was  of  mild 
and  inoffensive  manners  ;  moderate  in  politics,  as 
well  as  in  his  general  deportment.  He  held  the 
place  of  governor  only  one  year,  when,  by  his  own 
consent,  he  left  the  gubernatorial  chair  to  resume 
his  former  office  of  clerk  of  the  Common  Pleas, 
which  place  he  held  until  his  death." 

Although  not  a  communicant,  Gov.  Lyndon  was 
a  warm  friend  and  supporter  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Newport,  and  a  constant  attendant  on  its 
worship.  In  conjunction  with  another  person, 
Ilezekiah  Carpenter,  he  gave  the  lot  on  which 
the  church  edifice  stands,  and  also  a  parsonage, 
which  stood  on  the  lot  on  which  the  "  Perry 
House''  was  subsequently  built.  Upon  the  occu- 
pancy of  Newport  by  the  British  he  removed  to 
Warren,  R.  I.,  where  he  died  of  smallpox,  March 
30.  1778. 

Lynn,  Rev.  Benjamin,  '■  the  Daniel  Boone  of 
the  Kentucky  pulpit,"  is  known  only  as  the  hunter- 
preacher  of  Southern  Kentucky.  The  earliest  ac- 
count we  have  of  him  is  that  he  was  a  wandering 
hunter  in  the  Green  River  Valley  before  its  settle- 
ment. As  soon  a-s  a  few  people  had  settled  in 
stockade  forts  along  the  river  to  which  he  had 
given  his  name,  he  formed  No-Lynn  (now  called 
South  Fork)  church  of  Separate  Baptists,  in  1782,  ac- 
cording to  tradition,  in  what  is  now  Lil  Rue  County. 
Three  years  after  he  gathered  Pottingess  Creek 
church,  in  Nelson  County,  and  a  little  later  Level- 
woods  church,  in  La  Rue  County.  His  name  is 
connected  with  the  traditions  and,  in  some  cases, 
with  the  earliest  records  of  the  oldest  churches  lo- 
cated in  Southern  Kentucky,  near  the  Tennessee 
line.  His  name  is  preserved  in  No-Lynn  (now 
written  Nolin)  River,  Lynn  Camp  Creek,  Kolin 
church,  Lynn  Association,  and  other  localities  and 
religious  bodies. 

Lyon,  Rev.  Albert  Jonathan,  was  born  in 
Sturbridge,  Mass..  -July  11,  1848.  AVhen  he  was 
ten  years  of  age  his  family  removed  to  Newport, 
Minn.  He  was  prepared  for  college  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Drui'V.  AVhile  pursuing  his  studies  he  became  a 
Christian,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father.  Rev.  A. 
S.  Lyon,  in  -June,  1863.  One  year  of  his  univer- 
sity course  was  spent  in  Shurtleff,  and  the  last 
three  in  Rochester  University,  where  he  gradu.ated 
in  1871.  He  entered  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  decided 
to  offer  himself  as  a  missionary.  He  sailed  from 
New  York  Oct.  24,  1877,  and  arrived  at  Rangoon 
December  27.  He  reached  Bhamo  Feb.  13,  1878. 
He  was  soon  attacked  by  a  fever,  and  died  March 
1.5.  Thus,  on  the  threshold  of  life  a  promising 
young  missionary  was  cut  off.  His  loss  was  deeply 
felt  by  his  companions  in  Christian  labor. 


MAC  ARTHUR 


730 


MACKENZIE 


M. 


MacArthur,  Robert  Stuart,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Dalesville,  Quebec,  Canada,  July  31,  1841.  His 
parents  came  from  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  to 
Canada.      His  father  is  a  Presbyterian,  but   his 


ROBERT   STUART    MAC.\RTHUR,  D.D. 

mother  and  other  members  of  the  family  are  Bap- 
tists. He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and 
baptized  at  Dalcsville.  He  was  zealous  as  a  church 
member,  and  at  eighteen  began  to  hold  religious 
meetings  and  address  the  people.  He  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  at 
Woodstock.  Canada ;  was  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Rochester  in  18G7,  taking  in  the  course  the 
Sophomore  prize  for  declamation,  and  the  gold 
medal  for  the  best  written  and  delivered  oration 
at  graduation.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  Sept. 
25,  1808 ;  was  graduated  in  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Rochester  in  1870.  While  in  the  seminary 
he  preached  on  Sunday  evenings  at  Lake  Avenue 
chapel,  whicli  resulted  in  many  conversions  and 
the  organization  of  a  church  now  flourishing. 

In  June,  1870,  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Cal- 
vary Baptist  church,  on  Twenty-third  Street,  New 
York,  where  he  has  since  labored  with  marked 
ability  and  success.  He  is  now  one  of  the  leading 
ministers  in  that  city. 


Macgowan,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  about  1720.  lie  was  converted 
among  the  Wesleyan  Methodists,  and  by  them  or- 
dained to  the  ministry.  Discovering  the  unscrip- 
tural  character  of  Ariiiinianism,  he  left  the  Meth- 
odists and  united  with  the  Congregationalists ; 
light  continuing  to  increase  upon  him,  he  followed 
the  Saviour  in  immersion.  In  July,  1767,  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Devonshire  Square  church, 
London.  He  continued  in  this  office  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  Nov.  25,  1780. 

Mr.  Macgowan  had  a  powerful  imagination,  a 
clear  intellect,  and  a  heart  full  of  love  to  Jesus. 

As  an  author,  he  became  well  known  beyond  the 
limits  of  his  own  denomination.  His  "  Dialogues 
of  Devils"  has  passed  through  a  number  of  edi- 
tions, and  its  pages  are  well  known  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  ;  this  liook  deserves  a  place  in  the 
library  of  every  Christian.  His  other  books  are 
"  The  Shaver,  or  Priestcraft  Defended  ;  a  sermon, 
occasioned  by  the  expulsion  of  six  young  gentle- 
men from  the  University  of  Oxford  for  praying, 
reading,  and  expounding  the  Scriptures  ;  humbly 
dedicated  to  Mr.  Vice-Chancellor  and  the  Heads 
of  Houses ;"  "  Sermons  on  the  Book  of  Ruth  ;" 
"  The  Arian  and  Socinian  Monitor." 

Mackenzie,  Hon.  Alexander,  ex-prime  minis- 
ter of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  was  born  Jan.  28, 
1822,  in  Logierait,  Perthshire,  Scotland.  In  his 
boyhood  he  attended  the  public  schools  of  Moulin, 
Dunkeld,  and  Perth  ;  but  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
the  death  of  his  father  made  it  necessary  for  him 
to  engage  in  industrial  pursuits.  He  learned  the 
business  of  an  architect  and  builder,  which  he  fol- 
lowed for  a  time  in  the  neighborliood  of  Irvine,  on 
the  coast  of  Ayrshire.  During  his  stay  there  he 
became  the  subject  of  saving  grace,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Irvine,  then  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  late  Dr.  Leechman.  In  1842  he 
emigrated  to  Canada,  and  settled  in  Sarnia,  on  the 
St.  Clair  River,  where  he  commenced  business  as 
a  contractor,  meeting  with  well-merited  success. 
This  was  a  period  of  great  political  excitement  in 
the  Canadian  colony,  on  the  subject  of  Responsible 
Government.  The  masses  of  the  people,  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  ruling  faction,  demanded  that  public 
affairs  should  no  longer  be  managed  under  the  ir- 
responsible control  of  Downing  Street  nominees, 
but  that  Cabinet  ministers  should  have  seats  in  the 
Canadian  Legislature,  and  be  responsible  to  the 
Parliament   of   Canada   for   every   executive   act. 


MACKENZIE 


731 


MACLAREN 


The  contest  was  long  .and  bitter ;  but  at  a  gen- 
eral election,  in  1848,  the  Reformers  were  com- 
pletely victorious,  and  popular  government  became 
Uruily  established.     It  was  not  possible  for  a  man 


HON.  .\I,E.VANDER    MACKENZIE. 

« 

■of  Mr.  Mackenzie's  strong  political  convictions  and 
sympathies  to  stand  idly  by  when  such  a  struggle 
was  in  progress.  Very  shortly  after  his  arrival  in 
the  country  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  people, 
and  was  soon  recognized  as  one  of  its  most  earnest 
and  fearless  advocates.  In  process  of  time  he  be- 
•came  the  acknowledged  editor  of  the  Lumlildii 
Shield,  a  Liberal  paper,  which  he  conducted  for 
several  years  in  Sarnia  with  distinguished  ability. 
He  was  first  elected  to  Parliament  in  June,  18C1, 
as  member  for  the  county  of  Lambton,  of  which 
Sarnia  is  the  county  town,  and  at  every  succeeding 
election  lie  has  been  returned  for  the  same  constitu- 
ency. From  the  beginning  of  liis  parliamentary 
career  he  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  tlie  coun- 
cils of  the  nation.  -He  contributed  very  largely  to 
the  success  of  the  scheme  of  British  American  con- 
federation, which  was  accomplished  in  186.5.  In 
the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  offered  a  seat  in  the 
Federal  Cabinet,  which  be  ileclined  because  be 
could  not  approve  the  commercial  policy  of  the 
government.  In  1871  be  was  elected  to  the  local 
Legislature  of  Ontario^  as  representative  of  West 
Middlesex,  and  soon  after  became  a  member  of  tlic 
Provincial  Administration.  But  finding  it  inexpe- 
dient for  a  member  of  the  Federal  Parliament  to 
busy  himself  with  local  legislation,  he  resigned 
both  seat  and  office  in  1S72.  and  has  since  given 


his  undivided  attention  to  the  politics  of  the  Do- 
minion. Soon  after  this  he  became  the  recognized 
leader  of  the  Liberal  party,  and  in  1873  be  was 
made  prime  minister  of  Canada.  For  five  years 
he  discharged  the  duties  of  this  e.xalted  position 
with  rare  wisdom  and  fidelity,  laying  the  country 
of  his  adoption  under  a  debt  of  gratitude,  which 
hi.story  will  not  fail  to  record.  In  1X75-70  be  vis- 
ited Great  Britain,  where  he  was  warmly  welcomed 
by  Queen  Victoria  and  the  leading  statesmen  of 
the  empire.  In  Scotland  bis  visit  was  a  series  of 
ovations,  men  of  all  ranks  and  parties  uniting  to 
do  him  honor.  He  received  the  "  freedom"  of  sev- 
eral Scotch  burghs,  and  many  other  marks  of  pop- 
ular appreciation  ;  but  the  order  of  knighthood, 
tendered  him  by  her  niiijesty  in  recognition  of  his 
distinguished  ]iublic  services,  he  felt  himself  obliged 
to  decline. 

Mr.  Mackenzie  is  a  man  of  superior  mental  cul- 
ture and  of  great  intellectual  power.  In  private 
life  he  manifests  the  most  kindly  disposition,  with- 
out the  slightest  ostentation  or  assumption.  He  is 
(1S81)  a  member  of  the  .larvis  Street  Baptist 
church,  Toronto,  Ontario,  a  trustee  of  the  To- 
ronto Baptist  College,  and  a  warm  friend  to  the 
work  of  the  denomination  gt^ncrally. 

Maclaren,  Alexander,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  in  182.').  His  father  was  for  many 
years  a  pastor  of  the  Scotch  Baptist  church  in  that 
city,  and  was  held  in  high  reputation  by  bis  brethren 
as  an  expositor  of  the  divine  Word.  On  his  fatlier  s 
removal  to  Australia,  he  attended  the  ministry  of 
Dr.  James  Paterson,  for  forty-six  years  pastor  of 
the  Hope  Street  Baptist  church  in  Glasgow,  and 
was  baptized  on  May  7,  1840.  When  not  much 
more  than  sixteen  years  of  age  he  was  entered  at 
Stepney  College,  London,  as  a  student  for  the  min- 
istry. He  made  thorough  and  honorable  progress 
in  all  the  studies  of  that  seminary,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  course  took  the  B.A.  degree  at  the  London  Uni- 
versity, with  the  prize  for  proficiency  in  the  Hebrew 
and  Greek  Scriptures.  His  first  settlement  was  at 
Portland  chapel,  Southampton,  where  a  notable 
minister.  Rev.  -John  Pulsford,  had  preached  for  a 
few  years,  and  a  very  mixed  congregation  had  been 
gathered.  At  the  time  of  Mr.  Maclaren's  settle- 
ment the  attendance  was  small,  and  for  some  years 
few,  if  any,  signs  of  progress  appeared.  The 
young  minister  was  for  a  time  uncertain  whetlier 
his  ministry  should  be  contiiuied.  but  he  persevered 
in  his  course,  making  for  himself  the  reputation  of 
an  original  and  reverent  thinker.  His  peculiar 
treatment  of  sacred  themes  in  the  pulpit,  and  his 
unclerical  attire,  led  some  of  his  neighbors  to  think 
ho  was  heterodox.  But  -Mr.  Maclaren  lived  down 
all  suspicion  of  heterodoxy,  and  it  became  evident 
to  all  that  the  town  possessed  in  the  young  Baptist 
pastor  a  public  teacher  of  great  gifts.     The  church 


MA CLA V 


73:; 


M ACL  AY 


w:is  flilod,  and  ultimately  crowded.  In  lcS58  lie 
was  induced  to  remove  to  Manchester,  to  become 
pastor  of  u  church  founded  on  similar  principles 
of  organization  to  that  at  Southampton.  Since  that 
time  his  fame  as  a  preacher  and  writer  has  steadily 
risen.  The  j^i'eat  mercantile  city  cherishes  his  name 
as  one  of  lier  choice  possessions,  while  the  literary 
and  theological  world  esteeni.s  I>r.  Muclaren  one  of 
the  foremost  preachers  of  the  age.  By  the  denomi- 
nation he  is  regarded  as  a  tower  of  strength  ;  liis 
attachment  to  the  distinctive  tenets  of  the  body 
being  known  to  all.  lie  filled  the  chair  of  the 
Baptist  Union  in  187.5,  and  is  a  zealous  promoter 
of  the  missions  and  other  denominational  cnt<;r- 
prises.  lie  is  in  great  request  as  a  lecturer,  but  for 
the  most  part  he  gives  himself  to  pulpit  and  pas- 
toral work.  A  very  large  edifice  recently  built  is 
already  ton  small  to  accommodate  the  congregation, 
and  the  church  is  the  centre  of  evangelistic  ac- 
tivity. Several  editions  of  his  sermons  have  been 
published  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  He  has 
also  written  a  little  book  on  Italy,  which  attracted 
favorable  notice.  The  Edinburgh  University  grace- 
fully tendered  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1878,  in 
recognition  of  his  distinguished  ability  as  a  theolo- 
gian and  a  preacher. 

Maclay,  Archibald,  D.D.,  was  liom  in  Kil- 
learu,  Scotland,  May   14,  1778,  and  died  in  New 


AUCIIIB  \IA>     MACI.AV.    D.D. 


York,  May  2,  1860.  The  family  removed  to  Glas- 
gow, where  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  the  learned 
Christian  philanthropist,  Robert  Ilaldane.  To  him 
he  made  known  his  wish  to  prepare  for  tlic  min- 


istry, and  Mr.  Ilaldane  gave  him  the  means  to 
procure  an  education.  In  1802  he  commenced 
])reaching  as  a  Congregationalist  at  Kirkcaldy,  in 
Fifcshire.  In  1<S04  he  was  appointed  a  missionary 
to  the  East  Indies,  but  the  British  government  in- 
terfered and  the  project  was  abandoned.  Then, 
thriiugh  the  advice  of  Mr.  Ilaldane,  he  sailed  for 
New  York  ;  commenced  preaching  in  Hose  Street, 
and  soon  organized  a  Congregational  church. 
Three  years  later  his  investigations  and  convic- 
tions led  him  to  unite  with  the  Baptists,  and  the 
majority  of  his  church  in  Rose  Street  followed  him. 

A  Baptist  church,  now  known  as  the  Tabernacle 
church,  was  organized,  of  which  he  remained  pastor 
until  18o7,  when  he  resigned,  to  become  the  gen- 
eral agent  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety. He  labored  with  great  success  in  this  work 
for  thirteen  years,  traveling  over  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  and  the  British  provinces.  The  Bible 
Translation  Society  of  England  was  one  of  the  re- 
sults of  his  labors.  In  18.")0  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing, and  became  the  general  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Union,  whose  main  object  was  the  revision 
of  the  English  Bible.  Becoming  dissatisfied  with 
its  management,  he  withdrew  from  it  in  1856,  and 
published  his  reasons  for  so  doing. 

One  of  his  addresses  in  favor  of  faithful  transla- 
tions was  issued  in  several  languages,  and  more 
than  a  hundred  thousand  copies  of  it  circulated, 
lie  was  a  superior  preacher,  ^n  able  writer,  and  a 
successful  minister. 

Maclay,  Hon.  William  B.,  son  of  Archibald 
Maclay,  D.D..  was  born  in  New  York  in  1812. 
After  four  years  at  the  University  of  New  York  he 
was  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class 
in  1836,  the  valedictory  being  awarded  to  him  by 
the  faculty,  lie  was  immediately  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council  of  the  university,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  lie  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  New  York  in  1840,  1841,  and  1842.  He  is  known 
as  the  author  of  bills  which  passed  the  Legislature 
which  greatly  improved  the  facilities  of  the  higher 
courts  in  their  work,  and  lessened  the  expenses  of 
litigation.  In  1842  he  drafted  a  bill,  which  became 
a  law,  establishing  the  present  system  of  public 
schools  of  New  Y'urk,  of  which  he  has  the  honor 
of  being  the  founder.  Mr.  Maclay  has  been  five 
times  elected  a  representative  in  Congress  from  his 
city.  With  great  credit  he  served  on  the  Com- 
mittee of  Ways  and  Means,  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  ASairs,  and  on  other  important  committees. 
He  was  prominent  in  securing  a  reduction  of  letter 
postage,  and  published  his  views  in  Hunt's  Mer- 
i-liants'  Mafjctzhie.  He  had  the  faculty  of  stating  his 
opinions  on  all  public  questions  with  clearness  and 
force,  and  therefore  carried  his  points  in  State  and 
national  legislation.  It  is  admitted  by  statesmen 
that  he  has  given  the  clearest  account  of  our  title 


MA  CLAY 


•733 


MA  COK 


to  Oregon  of  any  man,  and  put  that  matter  beyond 
dispute.  Since  his  retirement  from  Congress  he 
lias  held  no  office  except  that  of  commissioner  of 
tlie  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridget  Company, 
lie  is  a  member  and  supporter  of  the  .Madison  .\ve- 
nue  Baptist  congregation. 

Maclay,  William  W.,  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Dr. 
.Vri^liihald  JIaelay,  was  born  in  thg  city  of  New 
V<irk,  March  27,  1845.  He  was  graduated  from 
the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy  in  1863,  and  was  imme- 
diately commissioned  ensign  in  the  navy.  For  gal- 
lant conduct  he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of 
master  in  1865.  lie  served  with  .\dinlral  Porter 
in  both  bombardments  of  Fort  Fisher,  in  1864  and 
1865.  In  1867  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant,  and 
in  1868  was  again  promoted,  to  lieutenant-com- 
mander. In  the  same  year  he  was  made  fleet- 
lieutenant  and  acting  fleet-captain  in  the  U.  S. 
Asiatic  .Squadron.  Again,  in  1868,  he  was  ap- 
pointed instructor  of  mathematics  in  the  Naval 
Academy  at  Annapolis.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
corresponding  member  of  the  U.  S.  Geographical 
Society,  and  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  by  the 
society  on  practical  engineering,  and  was  then  ap- 
pointed an  engineer  of  the  dock  commission  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
His  rapid  promotion  was  the  result  of  his  peculiar 
fitness  and  ability  for  the  service  assigned  him. 
His  essay  was  published  in  a  pamphlet  of  over  fifty 
jiages  in  the  ''  Transactions  of  the  .\merican  Society 
of  Civil  Engineers,"  and  shows  great  industry  and 
remarkable  talent  in  that  field  of  labor. 

Macon,  Hon.  Nathaniel,  was  born  in  Warren 
Co.,  X.  C.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
and  a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Congress  for  thirty- 
six  years;  whom  John  Randolph,  his  life-long 
friend,  remembered  in  his  will,  describing  him  as 
'■  the  wisest  man  I  ever  knew  ;"  and  whom  .Jefl'er- 
8on  characterized  as  '"  the  last  of  the  Romans." 
He  was  a  great  reader  of  the  Bible  and  a  staunch 
Baptist,  because  the  New  Testament  made  him 
one.  While  in  college  at  Princeton,  N.  .J.,  nigh 
the  then  seat  of  war,  in  1777,  he  enlisted  in 
the  Continental  army  for  a  short  term.  When 
Uio  emergency  passed  he  studied  law,  but  when 
the  seat  of  war  was  transferred  south  he  again 
enlisted.  Refusing  a  commission,  he  served  as  a 
private;  was  at  the  fall  of  Charleston  and  the  de- 
feat at  Camden,  S.  C.  ;  retreated  with  Greene  be- 
fore Cornwallis  in  A'^irginia,  but  saw  his  surrender 
;it  Yorktown  ;  retired  from  the  army  only  when 
the  preliminary  treaty  of  peace  was  signed  in 
il^'l,  and  refused  all  piiy  during  his  service  and 
-i  pension  after  the  war.  His  ability  and  integrity 
led  to  his  choice,  while  a  youth  anil  in  the  army, 
in  1780,  as  a  State  senator,  where  he  served  till 
1785.  He  opposed  the  payment  of  the  depreciated 
State  currency  except  at  its  market  value,  on  the 


ground  that  speculators  from  covetonsness  had 
robbed  the  soldiers  in  their  need.  From  1787  to 
1789  he  opposed  the  adoption  of  the  U.  S.  Consti- 
tution as  giving  a  power  liable  to  be  abused  to  the 
oppression  of  the  people.  In  17'.n  he  entered  the 
U.  .S.  Congress;  was  a  member  of  the  lower  bouse 
till  1815,  and  Speaker  from  1801  to  1806,  and  was 
then  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  from  1816  to  1828,  serving 
as  president  ^ro  tern,  from  1825  to  1827.  He  stead- 
ily declined  cabinet  positions,  twice  refusing  Jef- 
ferson's efforts  to  secure  his  services  as  postmaster- 
general,  and  remonstrating  when,  in  1824,  Virginia 
cast  her  twenty-four  electoral  votes  for  him  as  Vice- 
President.  In  Congress,  as  in  his  State,  he  op- 
posed speculators  in  the  Continental  currency.  He 
supported  the  second  war  with  Great  Britain  only 
on  the  ground  that  defensive,  not  offensive,  war  was 
.justifiable.  He  voted  for  the  embargo,  but  against 
privateering,  the  increase  of  the  navy,  and  the 
building  of  forts,  except  for  home  defense.  From 
the  conviction  that  true  philanthropy,  as  well  as 
patriotism,  could  not  be  mercenary,  he  voted  in 
1795  against  a  grant  of  lands  to  the  Count  de 
Grasse,  and  in  1824  to  the  Marquis  de  La  Fayette. 
When  his  principles  triumphed  in  the  election  of 
Gen.  Jackson,  he  felt  that  he  could  withdraw  from 
national  affairs.  During  his  long  public  life,  the 
sagacity  as  well  as  integrity  of  Mr.  Macon  won  the 
esteem  of  all  parties.  Called  in  1835  to  preside  in  the 
convention  that  revised  the  constitution  of  North 
Carolina,  his  marked  consistency  again  appeared. 
He  opposed  the  ''  freehold"  qualification  of  voters 
because  it  fostered  a  landed  aristocracy.  An 
avowed  and  devout  Christian  believer,  he  opposed 
all  religious  tests  from  official  candidates,  since  the 
conscientious  doubter  was  more  reliable  than  an 
unscrupulous  taker  of  an  oath.  The  last  public 
position  held  by  Mr.  Macon  was  that  of  Presidential 
elector  in  1836,  when  Mr.  Van  Buren  was  chosen. 
To  a  friend  who  blamed  his  independent  course,  he 
explained  in  these  memorable  words,  under  date 
AVarren  Co.,  N.  C,  Oct.  6,  1836,  "  I  think  better  of 
the  people  than  must  men.  I  have  tried  them  in 
every  way,  and  never  found  them  wanting."  He 
was  taken  sick  only  a  few  hours  before  his  death. 
He  had  ordered  a  plain  wooden  coffin,  and  had  di- 
rected that  he  should  be  buried  on  a  rocky  knoll, 
where  the  plow  could  never  find  soil  to  tear,  and 
that  a  heap  of  loose  stones  only  should  mark  his 
grave.  The  only  memoir  of  his  life,  that  of  Ed- 
ward R.  Cotton,  Baltimore,  1840,  is  out  of  print. 
He  died  June  29,  1837.  The  Democratic  Review 
for  October,  1837.  Washington,  1).  C,  thus  opens 
its  notice:  ''There  is  no  man  in  the  history  of  this 
country  who  is  destined  to  a  higher  or  a  more  per- 
petual fame  than  Nathaniel  Macon  of  North  Caro- 
lina." The  pupils  of  Dr.  Wayland  will  intagine 
his   ethical    views   echoed   as   by  telephone    from 


MAUISON 


734 


MADISON 


Rhode  Island  to  North  Carolina.  The  line  of 
Christiiin  heroes  is  not  broken  in  this  New  World. 

Madison  University,  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  over- 
looks a  village  of  rare  beauty  and  healthfulness. 
It  is  near  the  geographical  centre  of  the  State,  and 
near  the  centre  of  a  new  net-work  of  railways,  which 
give  easy  communication  with  every  part  of  the 
State.  In  all  of  its  forms  it  is  sixty  years  old ;  was 
opened  as  a  school  in  1820  ;  organized  as  a  sem- 
inary, college,  and  academy  in  1834 ;  chartered  as 
a  university  in  1840.  As  a  university,  it  at  once 
appropriated  the  patronage,  organism,  faculty, 
classes,  alumni,  and  what  of  property  and  other 
resources  there  then  were  in  the  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution,  and  thus  were  united 
the  vigor  of  a  young  life  with  the  strength  and 
prestige  of  the  old. 

Early  patronage  was  wide-spread. — drawn  not 
from  New  York  only,  but  from  Vermont,  Massa- 
chusetts, Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Ohio,  and  Michigan.  The  body  that  founded  it 
was  at  the  time  energetic  and  diffusive.  It  looked 
to  this  school  with  great  hope,  and  on  it  concen- 
trated its  best  offerings  and  fervent  prayers.  The 
school  was  strictly  indigenous,  springing  up  from 
the  smallest  of  beginnings,  brought  from  no  foreign 
land,  borrowing  its  plan  from  no  existing  institu- 
tion. It  grew  under  the  pressure  of  an  outward 
need  and  the  workings  of  an  inward  zeal,  and 
became  the  expression  of  a  denominational  sen- 
timent. Free  in  its  blessings  to  all,  it  yet  acknowl- 
edged its  chief  allegiance  to  those  representative 
Baptists  who  founded  it. 

The  times  that  gave  birth  to  this  enterprise  were 
eventful.  The  second  war  witli  England  had  closed 
with  the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  Dec.  24,  1814,  and  Eng- 
lish domination  in  the  colonies  had  ceased.  The 
country  was  stimulated  by  a  new  sense  of  freedom, 
and  the  American  idea  of  independence  and  undis- 
puted sovereignty  in  the  AV'^estern  World  was  for 
the  first  time  having  full  scope.  Emigration,  with 
a  fuller  tide,  was  flowing  west  of  the  Hudson,  and 
carrying  New  England  arts,  manners,  education, 
religion,  and  thrift  over  this  State,  and  througli  it 
into  the  Western  States. 

One  of  these  tides  moved  down  the  beautiful  val- 
ley of  the  Chenango,  and  towns,  villages,  schools, 
and  churches  sprung  up  in  the  valley  and  on  the 
hiil.  Baptists  had  no  college  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  nor  had  they  any  schools  for  common  educa- 
tion or  for  the  education  of  the  ministry.  But  no 
Convention  was  called,  no  general  concert  of  action, 
no  resolutions  passed  determining  when,  where,  or 
how.  Almost  unconsciously  a  seed  was  dropped, 
a  prayer  was  offered, — 

"Sink,  little  seed,  in  the  earth's  black  mould, 
Sink  in  your  grave  so  wet  and  so  cold  ; 
Earth  I  throw  over  you,  darkness  must  cover  you,*' — 


and  the  seed  germinated  and  grew,  almost  unob- 
served, but  vigorously. 

In  1817  thirteen  men  met.  They  gave  one  dol- 
lar each,  and  these  thirteen  dollars  were  the  begin- 
ning of  the  endowment.  Soon  Dr.  Baldwin,  of 
Boston,  and  thirty  others  gave  238  volumes,  and 
this  wa.s  the  beginning  of  the  library.  A  room 
was  given  ii^  the  chamber,  and  this  was  the  be- 
ginning of  the  college  buildings.  Two  students 
came  in  poverty, — Wade  and  Kincaid, — and  these 
were  the  beginning  of  generations  of  students. 
True,  such  beginnings  did  not  seem  auspicious. 
But  faith  gave  them  superhuman  energy.  This 
energy  had  push,  and  this  again,  vitalized  by  the 
idea  that  Baptists  must  have  an  institution  that 
furnished  a  complete  education,  gave  unexpected 
development  and  growth. 

The  alumni,  most  of  wliom  have  graduated  from 
some  one  of  the  courses, — academical,  scientific, 
collegiate,  or  theological, — number  about  2700. 
The  first  two  students,  Rev.  Jonathan  ^Vade,  D.D., 
and  Rev.  Eugenio  Kincaid,  D.D.,  and  80  others, 
went  out  as  foreign  missionaries;  21  are  counted 
as  presidents  of  colleges ;  88,  professors  and  prin- 
cipals ;  63,  authors,  legislators,  and  Congressmen. 
The  alumni  are  found  in  all  the  professions,  but 
the  largest  number  are  ministers  of  the  gospel ;  130 
have  been  honored  with  the  Doctorate  from  differ- 
ent colleges  and  universities,  and  these  alumni 
are  found  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe  as  true 
representative  men.  The  three  schools  have  gradu- 
ated about  as  follows:  from  the  theological  semi- 
nary, 700;  from  the  college  or  university,  830; 
from  the  academy  or  grammar  school,  1200. 

The  annual  average  of  students  in  attendance  is 
about  as  follows:  in  the  theological  seminary,  35; 
in  the  college  or  university,  102;  in  Colgate  Acad- 
emy, 100.  Ladies  not  counted  in.  The  first  class 
that  took  the  full  college  course  of  four  years,  and 
graduated  in  1836,  numbered  26.  9  of  whom  are 
still  alive,  and  8  of  these  now  living  have  been 
honored  with  the  Doctorate.  This  class  entered 
al)Out  fifty  years  ago. 

If  you  inquire  after  the  faculty  that  has  taught 
this  large  body  of  students,  you  will  find  that  many 
are  gone, — Rev.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  Prof. 
Daniel  Ilascall,  Prof.  Seth  S.  Whitman,  Prof.  Joel 
S.  Bacon,  D.D.,  Rev.  George  AV.  Eaton,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
Stephen  W.  T;nlor,  LL.D.,  Rev.  .John  S.  Maginnis, 
D.D.,  John  II.  Raymond,  LL.D.,  Rev.  Edmund 
Turney,  D.D.,  Prof.  John  F.  Richardson,  Ph.D., 
Rev.  David  Weston,  D.D.,  Rev.  Barnas  Sears,  D.D. 

The  following  have  resigned;  Rev.  Thomas  J. 
Conant.  D.D.,  Rev.  Asahel  C.  Kendrick.  D.D..  Wil- 
liam Mather.  M.D.,  Rev.  George  R.  Bliss,  D.D., 
Rev.  Albert  N.  Arnold,  D.D.,  Rev.  Prof  Ezra  S. 
Gallup,  Prof.  Wm.  I.  Knapp,  Prof.  Edward  Jud- 
son.  Prof.  A.  S.  Bickmore.  Ph.D. 


MAD/SOX 


736 


MADISON 


The  following  are  the  present  faculty :  Rev.  E. 
Dodge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Metuphysics  and 
Theology  and  PrKses ;  Rev.  P.  B.  Spear,  D.D.. 
I'rofessor  of  Hebrew  and  Latin  Emeritus ;  Rev. 
A.  M.  Bcebee,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Logic  and  lloni- 
iletios :  Rev.  II.  Harvey,  D.D.,  Professor  of  New 
Testament  Exegesis  and  Pastoral  Theology ;  L.  M. 
Osliorn,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Natural  Sciences; 
N.  L.  Andrews,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Greek  Lan- 
guage imd  Literature;  J.  J.  Lewis,  A.M.,  Pro- 
fessor of  History,  Literature,  and  Oratory ;  J.  M. 
Taylor,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  ;  0.  Howes, 
A.M.,  Professor  of  Latin  and  Modern  Languages ; 
Rev.  W.  II.  Maynard,  D.D.,  Profes.sor  of  Moral 
Philosophy  and  Ecclesiastical  History  ;  Rev.  W. 
R.  Brooks,  D.D.,  Lecturer  on  Natural  History ; 
Rev.  S.  Burnham,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Hebrew  and 
Old  Testament  Exegesis;  Rev.  F.  W.  Towle,  A.M., 
Professor  of  Greek  Language  and  Principal  of  the 
Colgate  Academy  ;  E.  P.  Sisson,  B.P.,  Professor 
of  Mathematics ;  J.  W.  Ford,  A.M.,  Professor  of 
Latin  Language ;  Geo.  II.  Coffin,  Professor  of 
English  and  Natural  Sciences. 

The  four  Presidents. — There  have  been  four 
presidents.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  the  first, 
died  Sept.  11,  1848,  from  a  fall  and  lesion  of  the 
spine,  being  seventy-two  years  old.  lie  was 
elected  in  1836,  but  was  virtually  president  during 
the  twenty-eight  years  of  his  connection  with  the 
institution.  He  was  tall,  six  feet  four,  well  pro- 
portioned, of  large  brain,  lofty  forehead,  and  benev- 
olent expression.  He  was  easily  primus  inter 
pares,  and,  of  natural  right,  presided  everywhere. 
Ilia  influence  was  as  far-reaching  as  his  name.  He 
had  a  clear  voice,  an  earnest  look,  and  was  truly 
eloquent.  He  is  well  de.scribed  by  B.  F.  Taylor, 
the  "  Jubilee''  poet, — 

"I  8ce  Kendrick's  grand  form  towering  up  like  a  king's, 
I  hear  accents  at  first  like  the  waving  of  wings; 
Now  he  warms  with  his  theme  into  true  welding  weather, 
And  the  word  and  the  blow  are  delivered  together. 
The  thought  and  the  thinker  are  all  in  a  glow, 
The  glasses  he  whirls  from  his  dome  of  a  brow. 
His  words  that  were  halting  grow  freer  and  bolder, 
And  he  strikes  for  the  truth  straight  out  from  the  shoulder. 
It  is  Gabriel's  trumpet  and  Gideon's  sword, 
'Tis  the  pillar  of  fire  and  the  breath  of  the  Lord  ; 
It  is  crash  after  crash  with  the  tables  of  stone, 
'Tis  the  thrill  of  the  thunder,  the  dread  of  the  throne. 
Then  softer  and  sweeter  his  cadences  grow  ; 
It  was  Sinai  before,  it  is  Calvary  now." 

Standing  by  Dr.  Kendrick  is  Rev.  Prof.  Daniel 
Ilascall,  who  came  to  Hamilton  in  1812,  and  set- 
tled as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  To  him 
is  accredited  the  original  idea  of  a  seminary  in 
Hamilton.  Dr.  Kendrick,  in  1816,  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Eaton.  These  two  men  supple- 
mented each  other,  and  harmonized  in  every  good 
work.  In  1820,  when  the  "  .school"  was  opened, 
Hascall  became  Professor  of  Languages,  and  Ken- 


drick of  Theology.  Hascall  continued  eighteen 
years  and  resigned.  Kendrick  remained  till  his 
death. 

Around  the.se  men  rallied  other  stalwart  men, 
pioneers  in  the  forest,  in  the  churches,  and  in  great 
enterprises, — Hon.  Jonathan  Olmsted,  Judge  Sam- 
uel Payne,  Deacon  William  Colgate,  Hon.  Seneca 
B.  Burchard,  Judge  James  Edmunds,  and  others, 
— men  ready  at  all  times  for  great  sacrifices  and 
great  achievements. 

In  1851,  Prof.  Stephen  W.  Taylor,  LL.D.,  was 
elected  second  president.  lie  was  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College ;  had  made  teaching  his  life- 
work  ;  had  been  from  1834  to  1836  professor  or 
principal  of  the  academy  at  this  institution  ;  had  in 
the  mean  time  foundeil  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa.,  and,  after  the  settlement  of  the  question 
of  removal,  returned  to  Hamilton.  He  was  of  the 
English  type,  square,  strong  built,  methodical,  firm 
of  purpose,  a  good  organizer,  and  strong  executive 
officer.  He  was  connected  with  the  university  in 
different  departments  of  instruction  for  eighteen 
years,  and  left  his  mark  on  its  history.  He  died 
of  disease  of  the  spine,  Jan.  7,  18.'j6,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-five. 

In  1856,  Rev.  George  W.  Eaton,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
was  elected  the  third  president.  In  mind  and 
body  he  was  cast  in  a  large  mould.  His  features 
symmetrical,  movements  graceful,. sympathies  large, 
of  good  nature,  in  satire  powerful,  his  language 
felicitous.  He  was  a  natural  orator.  In  memory, 
imagination,  and  description  he  was  masterly.  A 
scene  once  before  him,  he  could  reproduce  with  all 
the  freshness  and  vividness  of  tlie  reality.  His  re- 
ligious emotions  and  convictions  were  strong,  and 
constituted  the  underlying  current  of  his  life.  He 
was  connected  with  the  university  in  different  ca- 
pacities— as  Professor  of  Mathematics,  of  History, 
of  Philosophy,  of  Theology,  and  as  president — for 
forty  years,  and  died  Aug.  3,  1872,  at  sixty-eight 
years  of  age. 

The  fourth  president  is  Rev.  Ebenezer  Dodge, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  elected  in  1868.  He  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  university  twenty-seven  years  as 
Professor  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  of  Meta- 
physics, of  Biblical  Interpretation,  of  Theology,  and 
iis  president.  He  was  graduated  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity and  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  has 
earned  a  reputation  as  scholar,  teacher,  and  author 
that  places  him  among  the  best  thinkers  of.  the 
age. 

The  present  faculty  are  well  known  among  the 
educators  of  our  country.  Some  who  have  left  us 
deserve  mention.  Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  the  secretary 
of  the  Peabody  Fund  and  former  president  of 
Brown  ;  Dr.  Thomas  -J.  Conant,  a  well-known  ex- 
egete  and  translator  ;  Dr.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  a  Greek 
scholar  and  author,  have  helped  to  make  this  uni- 


MADhSON 


737 


MAGAZINE 


persity.  Then  the  writer's  room-mate  and  class- 
mate and  colleagues  in  the  faculty,  Ilr.  John  II. 
Raymond  and  Prof.  J.  F.  Richardson,  the  one 
president  of  Vassar  and  the  other  Professor  of 
Latin  in  Rochester,  now  both  departed,  have  been 
free  to  acknowledge  their  indebtedness  chiefly  to 
this  university  for  their  success  in  life's  work,  and 
to  accept  the  credit  in  turn  given  for  their  hand  in 
this  enterprise.  AV'hat  the  university  lias  done  for 
them  it  can  do  for  all  the  loyal. 

Financial  Condition. — The  finances  of  them- 
selves would  make  a  history,  for  these  are  the 
rock-bottom  on  which  human  endeavor  builds.  It 
should  be  noticed  that  since  1846  two  corporations 
have  a  hand  in  this  enterprise.  The  Baptist  Edu- 
cation Society  for  twenty-seven  years  hail  the  sole 
responsibility  and  management.  For  the  last  thirty- 
three  years  the  Madison  University  has  had  the 
same  in  all  except  the  nomination  of  theological 
professors  and  the  support  of  needy  young  men 
for  the  ministry.  All  the  salaries  and  running  ex- 
penses of  these  three  schools  fall  upon  the  Madison 
University.  .  The  annual  income  needed  for  this 
corporation  is  now  about  §40,000,  the  salaries  alone 
being  §30,000. 

It  were  vain  to  attempt  a  history  of  the  night 
and  day  struggles,  of  men  who  have  had  to  dig  a 
channel  and  create  a  depth  of  current  sufficient  to 
float  this  great  enterprise.  •  It  were  as  easy  to  tell 
of  the  hidden  forces  of  nature  which  underlie  all 
her  operations.     Only  results  are  known  or  seen. 

When  the  university  was  chartered  it  had  no 
property.  It  had  none  in  1850  on  the  adjustment 
of  the  removal  controversy.  It  had  only  about 
§")2.000  in  1854  when  the  war  closed.  W'itliout  a 
hired  agency,  the  most  quiet  and  energetic  meas- 
ures were  prosecuted  to  fill  the  treasury.  The  old 
policy  of  borrowing  and  paying  was  set  aside,  and 
the  university  put  upon  the  most  rigid  cash  sys- 
tem. For  seventeen  years,  without  debt  or  outside 
assistance,  except  from  liberal  donors,  the  uni- 
versity has  each  year  balanced  its  accounts,  di-aw- 
ing  nothing  from  endowment  funds.  No  pledges 
were  counted  or  even  reported  till  they  were  turned 
into  cash  or  its  equivalent.  The  progress  has  not 
been  rapid,  but  of  steady  growth.  In  round  num- 
bers:  in  1864,  §62,000  :  in  186.5,8121,000  :  in  1S68, 
?17T,000;  in  ISTO,  §2.55,000;  in  1874,  s:{04,000  ;  in 
1876,  §405,000;  in  1880,  §430,000,  for  endowment 
without  debt. 

Then  the  unproductive  property,  buildings, 
grounds,  library,  museum,  apparatus,  president's 
house,  which  have  come  of  gifts  within  the  last 
sixteen  years,  amount  to  §1"20.000  more,  making 
the  whole  sura  raised  since  the  war  §5.50,000. 
These  figures  are  independent  of  the  Education 
Society's  accounts  of  scholarships,  beneficiaries, 
an<l  agencies.     Deacon  Alva  Pierce  has  been  treas- 


urer of  the  Baptist  Educational  Society  of  New 
York  for  the  last  forty-three  years,  and  P.  B.  Spear 
treasurer  of  Madison  University  for  the  last  seven- 
teen years. 

This  university  has  acted  directly  and  indirectly 
on  the  schools  and  systems  of  instruction  in  our 
country  to  stimulate  the  standard  for  higher  at- 
tainments. It  has  acted  on  its  own  denomination 
to  lift  it  to  a  higher  plane  of  moral  power.  It  has 
given  origin  to  three  other  universities  of  similar 
type,  and  has  co-operated  with  like  institutions  to 
mould  the  national  mind  and  to  give  Americans 
an  enviable  name  among  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

To  the  above  account  of  the  financial  prosperity 
must  be  added  a  gift  of  §.50,000.  one-ljalf  to  go  to 
Colgate  Academy,  given  at  Commencement  in  1880 
by  Mr.  James  B.  Colgate,  of  New  York,  as  a  thank- 
offering  for  his  rescue  at  .sea  in  the  winter  of 
1879-80.  See  also  articles  Hamilton  Theological 
Seuin.^rv,  Colgate  Academy,  and  the  biographical 
articles  of  persons  alluded  to  in  this  sketch.  For 
a  full  history,  see  also  the  historical  discourse  of 
President  Eaton  in  Jubilee  volume,  or  '"  P'irst  Ilalf- 
Century  of  Madison  University." 

Magazine,  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mission- 
ary, has  the  honor  of  being  the  first  periodical 
puljlication  by  the  Baptists  of  this  country.  It 
was  established  by  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Society  in  September,  18(13.  The  society 
was  organized  somewhat  more  than  a  year  before 
its  executive  officers  announced  a  periodical  which 
was  felt  to  be  necessary  as  a  medium  of  communi- 
cation with  the  churches,  to  awaken  interest  in  the 
cause  of  missions,  and  to  give  publicity  to  the  re- 
ports and  letters  of  the  missionaries  in  their  employ 
in  different  sections  of  the  country.  Only  two 
numbers,  of  thirty-two  pages  each,  were  issued  the 
first  year,  and  two  the  second  year.  The  twelfth 
number  of  the  volume  was  pqblished  Jan.  1,  1808. 
The  second  volume  was  completed  in  the  next  two 
years.  The  issues  were  somewhat  irregular  until 
a  new  series  was  commenced  in  1817,  the  numbers 
being  issued  in  alternate  months  till  the  close  of 
1824.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  published  each 
month  down  to  the  present  time.  The  area  of  its 
operations  was  enlarged  in  1826,  after  the  removal 
of  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  to  Boston,  and  it 
l)ecame  the  organ  of  the  Triennial  Convention,  and 
when  the  Missionary  Union  was  formed  it  held  the 
same  relation  to  the  new  society.  Until  the  close 
of  1835  the  contents  of  the  magazine  were  of  quite 
a  miscellaneous  character,  being  largely  biographies 
(if  distinguished  ministers  and  laymen,  not  always 
Baptists,  but  persons  of  note  in  the  other  denomi- 
nations, essays  on  literary  subjects,  reviews,  letters, 
■journals,  etc.  From  the  commencement  of  1836 
down  to  this  date  it  is  devoted  to  the  publication 
of  articles   bearing  directly   or  indirectly   on   the 


MAGAZINE 


738 


MAGOON 


cause  of  foreign  missions.  As  the  organ  of  com- 
munication between  the  missionaries  and  the 
churches  it  has  rendered  invaluable  service  to  the 
noble  cause  which  it  advocates.  It  is  not  easy  for 
us  to  appreciate  the  eagerness  with  which  in  thou- 
sands of  Baptist  families  the  letters  and  journals 
of  Boardinan  and  Judson,  in  the  earlier  historj'  of 
foreign  missions,  and  those  of  Wado  and  Kincaid, 
and  Dean  and  Bixby,  and  very  many  others  in  hiter 
times,  have  been  read,  and  what  an  impulse  has 
been  given  by  their  perusal  to  the  great  work  of 
evangelizing  the  nations  of  the  earth.  Steady  im- 
provement in  the  magazine  has  been  the  aim  of  its 
editors.  It  may  safely  be  said  to  take  a  liigli  rank 
among  the  class  of  publications  of  which  it  is  so 
good  a  representative,  comparing  fsivorably  with 
the  organ  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  Foreign  Missions,  the  Missionari/  Herald. 

Magazine,  The  Baptist. — Our  English  brethren 
were  occasionally  troubled  by  their  relatimis  with 
The  Eeangelical  Mwjazine.  Tlie  profits  of  that 
publication  were  to  be  divided  among  the  widows 
of  Congregational  and  Baptist  ministers.  And  it 
was  sometimes  unkindly  hinted  that  Baptist  widows 
needing  its  aid  were  more  numerous  than  those 
of  Independent  ministers.  Besides,  our  English 
brethren  felt  a  crying  need  for  a  magazine  to  spread 
the  tidings  of  their  missions  fully  before  their 
churches,  and  to  discuss  many  denominational 
questions.  The  Baptist  Magazine  was  established 
in  1809,  and  it  has  rendered  immense  service  to  our 
British  l)retliren  and  to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Magazine,  The  Baptist  Family.— This  pic- 
torial monthly  is  published  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
J.  Eugene  Reed,  Esq.,  is  editor  and  proprietor.  Its 
contents  include  tales,  biographical  sketches,  notes 
of  travel,  essays,  poems,  and  editorials.  It  devotes 
special  attention  to  the  following  departments: 
the  young  folks,  literature,  popular  science,  health 
in  the  home,  music  and  art  notes,  farm  and  kitchen, 
and  church  and  ministerial  record.  The  pictures 
are  numerous  and  well  chosen.  The  editor  is  one 
of  the  most  talented  young  men  in  the  denomina- 
tion, he  is  an  earnest  Baptist,  and  his  magazine  is 
full  of  interest  and  instruction.  The  young  and 
tl  e  old  read  it  with  delight  and  profit. 

Magee,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  Magee, 
was  born  in  Cork,  Ireland,  but  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  St.  Stephen,  New  Brunswick  ;  studied  at 
the  Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton  ;  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  Mangerville,  New 
Brunswick,  in  1S40;  was  pastor  at  Macknaquack 
and  Nashwaak,  and  performed  much  missionary 
work.  Died  Dec.  23,  1S61,  after  a  useful  ministry 
of  twenty  years. 

Magee,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Ireland  ;■ 
converted  ami  baptized  in  the  city  of  Cork ;  or- 
dained  in   New  Brunswick,   March.  iNol  ;  labored 


as  an  evangelist  extensively,  not  only  in  New 
Brunswick,  but  also  in  the  State  of  Maine.  lie 
served  the  Baptist  denomination  in  a  faithful  min- 
istry of  over  twenty  years. 

Maginnis,  John  Sharp,  D.D.,  was  bom  of 
Scot<^h-Irisli  parents,  in  Butler  Co.,  Pa.,  June  1.3, 
180").  He  was  brought  up  a  Presl>yterian.  He 
was  converted  young,  in  Vernon,  O.,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  tlmt  place.  He  re- 
ceived his  literary  and  theological  training  in 
Waterville  College,  Brown  University,  and  Newton 
Theological  Seminary.  In  October,  1832,  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Portland, 
Me.,  and  soon  the  community  had  such  an  increase 
that  a  second  church  was  established.  In  1838  he 
accepted  the  professorship  of  Biblical  Theology  in 
the  institution  at  Hamilton.  In  this  position  he 
continued  with  great  nsefulness  until  he  accepted 
the  chair  of  Biblical  and  Pastoral  Theology  in  the 
new  seminary  connected  with  the  University  of 
Rochester,  and  the  professorship  of  Intellectual 
and  Moral  Philosophy  in  the  university  at  the  same 
time.     He  died  Oct.  15,  1852. 

In  1844  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity from  Brown  University. 

Dr.  Maginnis  was  a  vigoi'ous  Calvinist,  and  his 
students  went  forth  with  Paul's  doctrines  enshrined 
in  their  hearts  or  living  in  their  minds  to  eon- 
found  the  Arminianism"  which  they  brought  to  the 
seminary,  and  which  prejudice  would  n(jt  permit 
them  to  renounce. 

He  was  a  man  of  very  extensive  ami  varied  learn- 
ing, often  reaching  into  the  distant  Christian  past, 
so  lartjely  given  up  to  Romanists  and  Anglicans. 
He  had  a  powerful  and  penetrating,  as  well  as  a 
highly-cultured  mind.  He  had  not  many  equals  in 
his  day,  and  very  few  superiors,  as  an  acute  reasoner. 
AV'hile  not  offensive  in  his  independence,  he  was 
unbending  when  truth  required  it.  or  wisdom 
seemed  to  dem.and  it. 

He  was  a  devout  Christian  in  the  minute  as  well 
as  in  the  grandest  relations  of  the  soul.  The 
churches  lost  a  noble  leader  and  heaven  gained  a 
mighty  soul  when  John  Sharp  Maginnis  left  his 
frail  body  for  the  skies. 

Magoon,  Elias  Lyman,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Lebanon,  N.  II.,  Get.  2il,  INK).  His  grandfather 
was  a  Baptist  minister,  and  a  participator  in  the 
scenes  of  the  Revolution  :  his  father  an  architect, 
who  enjoyed  considerable  success  in  his  profession 
and  endured  protracted  sickness. 

At  sixteen  years  of  age  young  Magoon  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  bricklayer's  trade,  which  he  fol- 
lowed to  his  twentieth  year,  and  by  the  use  of  his 
trowel  during  his  vacations,  and  in  the  intervals  of 
study,  supported  himself  through  ten  years  of  pre- 
paratory studies  at  New  Hampton  Academy,  Water- 
ville College,  and  Newton  Theological  Institution. 


MAG DON 


739 


MAINE 


He  was  ordained  tlie  ni^ht  after  liraduatinjr,  in 
1839,  and  he  immediately  settled  at  Uielimond,  Va., 
as  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  where  he 
remained  six  years.     A  beautiful  new  editice  was 


EI. IAS     I.V.MA.V     MAIiOON.     D.D. 

erected,  and  all  was  prosperous  until  the  division 
arose  in  thcdenoininatii)n  on  the  question  of  slavery, 
which  took  place  while  the  youn;^  pastor  was  in 
Europe. 

Returning  speedily,  lie  quietly  resigned,  and 
was  at  once  called  to  the  Ninth  Street  Baptist 
church,  Cincinnati,  but  remained  in  Richmond 
until  a  successor  was  procured.  He  served  in  Cin- 
cinnati four  years,  and  in  1849  removed  to  New 
York,  as  pastor  of  the  Oliver  Street  Baptist  church. 
In  1857  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Albany,  where  he  remained  ten  years,  and  from 
it  removed  to  the  Broad  Street  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia,  where  he  still  labors. 

Rarely  sick,  this  busy  preacher  has  not  been  out 
of  employment  a  single  Sunday  for  forty  years. 
His  large  and  liberal  congregation  have  just  cele- 
brated his  seventieth  birthday  with  unanimous  con- 
gratulations, and  both  loader  and  people  seem  never 
to  have  been  under  mure  favoralile  auspices  than 
now. 

The  usual  honors  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  were  con- 
ferred at  Waterville,  now  Colby  University ;  and, 
in  18.53,  Rochester  University  added  the  D.P. 

Dr.  Magoon's  published  works  are  "  Orators 
of  the  American  Revolution"  (New  York,  1848); 
"Living  Orators  in  America"  (N<'W  York.  IS49)  ; 
"Proverbs   for  the  People"  (Boston.  1848);  "Re- 


publican Christianity"  (Boston,  1849) ;  and  "West- 
ward Em]iire"  (New  York,  18.56).  In  their  day 
many  of  these  books  were  sold,  but  now  are  out  of 
print. 

Dr.  Magoon  possesses  extensive  culture,  manly 
independence,  a  large  heart,  an  unsullied  record, 
and  the  warm  love  of  throngs  in  and  out  of  Phila- 
delphia. His  ministry  has  been  greatly  blessed, 
and  his  name  is  favorably  known  all  over  the  land. 

Main,  A.  H.,  is  a  native  of  Plainfield,  Otsego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  lx)rn  June  22,  1824.  His 
parents  were  Alfred  and  Semantha  Main.  His 
father  removed  from  Connecticut  to  New  York 
in  his  youth,  and  thence,  in  184f>.  to  Dane  Co.- 
Wis.,  which  has  since  been  the  family  home.  Mr. 
Main  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
New  York.  He  engaged  in  mercantile  business, 
and  continued  it  after  his  removal  to  Madison. 
Wis.,  in  18.56,  until  1860.  That  year  he  became 
cashier  of  the  Sun  Prairie  Bank,  which  position  he 
held  until  he  closed  the  business,  in  18(53.  For 
many  years  Mr.  Main  has  been  at  the  head  of  one 
of  the  largest  insurance  offices  in  Madison,  and  in 
fact  in  the  Northwest. 

When  quite  young  he  united  with  the  Baptist 
church.  He  is  well  known  by  the  denomination 
in  the  State,  and  in  his  own  Association,  as  well  as 
in  the  State  work,  he  has  borne  a  generous  and  ac- 
tive part.  In  his  own  church  at  Madison  he  is  a 
trusted  leader;  and  in  the  Christian  and  philan- 
thropic enterprises  of  the  city  he  is  one  of  the 
most  alile  and  earnest  workers. 

Maine  Baptists. — The  oldest  incorporated  town 
in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Maine  was  Kittery. 
The  presence  of  Baptist  sentiments  was  recognized 
not  far  from  the  year  1681.  A  few  Baptists  were 
among  the  earlier  settlers  of  this  place.  Among 
the  more  prominent  of  these  was  William  Screven, 
who  suffered  no  small  amount  of  jiersecution  from 
the  "standing  order'  on  account  of  his  persistent 
adherence  to  Baptist  principles.  A  church  was 
formed  in  1682,  but  in  less  than  a  year  it  was 
broken  up  and  its  members  scattered.  From  the 
dissolution  of  the  church  in  Kittery,  a  period  of 
eighty-five  years  elapsed  before  the  appearance  of 
any  other  organized  body  of  Baptists.  In  1768  a 
church  was  formed  in  Berwick  from  persons  con- 
verted under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  Dr.  Hezekiah 
Smith.  That  church  lived  through  all  the  fiery 
trials  of  persecution,  and  is  to-day  the  flourishing 
church  of  South  Berwick.  In  a  few  years  other 
churches  were  formed.  As  the  district  of  Maine 
was  settled.  Baptist  principles  everywhere  spread 
and  new  churches  were  organized.  In  the  State  there 
arc  now  13  Associations,  embracing  261  churches, 
with  a  membership  of  nearly  21.000  persons. 

The  Maine  Baptist  Convention  was  formed  in 
1824.     Its    officers,   are  :     President,   Rev.    II.    E. 


MAJOR 


740 


MALCOM 


Robins,  D.D. ;  Vice-President,  Rev.  S.  L.  \i.  C'lmse  ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Uev.  II.  S.  Biirrage;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  J.  Kiolcer,  D.D.  Its  permu- 
ncnt  invested  funds  are  S9700,  and  its  income  from 
all  sources  as  reported  at  its  last  meeting  S84ll( Mi  1. 

The  Maine  Baptist  Cliaritalilo  Society  lias  for  its 
ol)ject  to  contribute  to  tlic  wants  of  indigent  min- 
isters and  to  the  needy  families  of  deceased  minis- 
ters.    The  president  is  P.  Bonney,  Esq. 

The  Maine  Baptist  Education  Society  furnishes 
.aid  to  young  men  in  a  course  of  preparation  for  the 
Christian  ministry.  Its  funds  amount  to  nearly 
$31)00.  The  president  of  the  society  is  Rev.  J. 
McWhinnic. 

The  Baptists  of  Maine  constitute  one  of  the 
strongest  and  most  efficient  denominational  liodies 
in  the  country.  Their  college,  Colby  University, 
■with  the  three  academic  institutions  having  a  vital 
connection  with  it,  the  Waterville  (!lassical  Insti- 
tute, Hebron  Academy,  and  Ilootton  Academy, 
furnish  the  best  facilities  for  the  higher  education 
of  the  young.  An  able  ministry  is  guiding  and 
moulding  the  churches.  The  spirit  of  benevolence 
pervades  these  churches,  and  tliey  will  compare 
favorably  witli  other  churches  in  their  contriliutidus 
to  all  good  causes.  Every  year  marks  progress 
and  religious  enterprise.  The  Baptists  of  Maine 
have  no  reason  to  be  ashamed  of  their  past  i-ecord, 
or  of  tlie  position  which  they  now  hold  among  the 
other  religious  communities  of  the  State. 

Major,  Samuel  C,  a  deacon  of  the  Fayette 
■church,  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Aug.  20,  1805. 
In  1820  he  removed  to  Fayette  Co.,  "Mo.  Seven  of 
eleven  children  survive  him.  One  of  them  is  Hon. 
Samuel  C.  Major,  Jr.  In  1832,  Mr.  Major  was 
elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  the  office 
for  tliirteen  years.  In  1840  he  was  appointed  pub- 
lic administrator.  At  different  times  he  was  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Fayette.  He  was  alive  to  the  public 
good  and  to  religious  interests. 

In  1843  he  made  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ, 
and  united  with  the  Fayette  Baptist  church.  He 
was  for  years  the  efficient  president  of  the  executive 
board  of  the  (General  Association  of  Missouri.  lie 
left  for  his  family  the  rich  legacy  of  a  well-spent 
life,  whose  characteristics  were  unfeigned  modesty, 
strict  integrity,  genuine  friendship,  and  devoted 
piety.  He  died  March  13,  1880,  aged  seventy-five 
years. 

Malcom,  Howard,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  19,  1799.  His  father  was 
of  Scotch  descent,  and  his  mother  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Hugh  Roberts,  a  distinguished  Welsh  Friend 
preacher,  who  was  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  Wm. 
Penn.  Howard's  father  died  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
three,  in  ISOl,  leaving  his  wife  and  child  to  the 
care  of  her  fatlier,  John  Howard,  a  retired  mer- 
chant.    This  grandfather  died  when   Howard  was 


nine  years  of  age,  and  Mrs.  Malcom  devoted  her- 
self to  the  education  of  her  only  child.  In  1813 
he  was  placed  at  school  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  to  be 
prepared   for  college,  and   in   September,  18)4,  he 


noH'ARI)    MAI, COM,    n.D..   LL.D. 

entered  Dickinson  College,  at  the  age  of  fifteen. 
Most  of  tlie  students  here  were  insubordinate,  and 
a  serious  difficulty  between  students  and  professors 
terminated,  in  April,  181.5,  in  the  closing  of  the  in- 
stitution. In  1815,  Howard  entered  a  counting- 
house  to  prepare  for  the  life  of  a  merchant,  whicli 
had  long  been  his  ambition.  While  here,  he  says 
in  his  diary,  August,  1815,  "I  have  for  some  time 
past  been  tormented  with  the  fear  of  dying,''  the 
first  indication  of  an  awakened  conscience.  In 
December  an  accident  to  his  knee  confined  him  to 
his  room  for  three  weeks,  and  he  says,  "  This  was 
one  of  the  most  merciful  providences  of  God  to  me. 
The  pain  was  not  so  great  as  to  prevent  my  read- 
ing. ...  I  learnt  more  about  the  Bible  tlian  I 
knew  before  altogether."  On  January  1,  1816,  he 
related  his  experience  before  the  Sansom  Street 
Baptist  church,  and  on  the  16th  of  January  this 
entry  appears  in  his  diary,  "Have  been  much  dis- 
turbed lately  with  an  idea  that  intrudes  itself  upon 
all  occasions,  viz.,  that  I  must  shortly  quit  the 
counting-house  and  pi-epare  to  go  out  and  proclaim 
the  glad  tidings."  .  .  .  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1818;  entered  Princeton  Seminary  soon  after, 
where  he  remained  until  1820.  During  these 
formative  years,  from  1816  to  1820.  young  Mal- 
com's  experiences,  as  given  copiously  in  his  diary, 
were  most  deep  and  interesting,  and  characterized 


MA  LOOM 


741 


MALLARY 


by  a  singular  maturity  of  thought  and  independence 
of  action.  But  space  liere  only  permits  a  very 
brief  sketch.  lie  was  ordained  in  April,  1820,  \va,s 
married  to  Miss  Lydia  Sheilds  May  1,  1S20,  and  in 
the  same  month  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Hudson,  N.  Y.  Here  he  remained  until  1.S20, 
when  he  became  first  general  agent  of  the  American 
Sunday-School  Union.  In  this  capacity  he  spent 
nearly  two  years,  and  visited  all  the  principal  cities 
iif  the  country  in  establishing  auxiliary  societies 
and  local  depositories,  in  raising  funds,  and  in  the 
performance  of  the  varied  duties  of  this  responsible 
mission.  In  November,  1827,  Mr.  Malcom  became 
])astor  of  Federal  Street  church  in  Boston.  His 
success  with  this  church  was  very  great.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  various  boards  and  societies,  and 
he  delivered  a  great  many  lectures.  lie  was  the 
author,  in  1828,  of  his  "  Bible  Dictionary,"  which 
was  immensely  popular,  reaching  a  circulation  of 
over  200,0(10  copies,  and  it  is  still  sold.  He  also 
prepared  for  the  press  a  work  on  the  "Extent  of 
the  Atimement,"  and  one  on  "The  Christian  Rule 
of  Marriage,"  both  of  which  had  a  large  sale.  He 
edited  "Law's  Call,"  Henry's  "Communicant's 
Companion,"  and  Thomas  ;Y  Kempis's  "  Imitation 
of  Christ."  Under  these  labors  his  health  gave 
way,  and  in  1831  he  spent  eight  mnnths  with  his 
wife  in  visiting  the  countries  of  Europe.  In  De- 
cember, 18.33,  bis  beloved  wife  died.  In  183.'),  Mr. 
Malcom  was  obliged  to  resign  his  pastorate  because 
his  voice  failed  him,  and  in  September,  having  been 
chosen  to  visit  foreign  missionary  stations  by  the 
Triennial  Convention  in  Boston,  he  .sailed  for  Bur- 
raah,  remaining  two  and  a  half  years.  The  issue 
of  this  important  journey  was  in  the  missionary 
field  a  cementing  and  unifying  of  the  labors  of  our 
missionaries,  and  in  this  country,  upon  his  return, 
the  result  was  a  genei-al  increase  of  interest  and 
contributions  for  missionary  purposes.  These  were 
accomplished  by  his  numerous  lectures  in  diiferent 
parts  of  the  country,  and  the  publication  of  "  Mal- 
com's  Travels,"  a  work  of  000  pages,  which  at  once 
became  a  standard  both  in  this  country  and  Great 
Britain.  Upon  his  return  he  could  not  resume  his 
pastorate,  as  his  voice  had  not  been  restored.  In 
1838  he  married  Miss  Anne  R.  Dyer,  of  Boston, 
and  in  1840  he  was  simultaneously  elected  to  the 
presidency  of  Shurtleff  College,  111.,  and  George- 
town College,  Ky.  lie  accepted  the  latter  early  in 
1840.  Under  his  fostering  care  and  indomitable 
industry  the  institution  received  a  great  impulse. 
In  1842  he  received  from  Dickinson  College  the 
degree  of  A.M.,  and  the  degree  of  D.D.  at  the  same 
time  from  the  University  of  V'ermont  and  Union 
College,  New  Yoi-k.  In  1849  he  resigned  the  pres- 
idency of  Georgetown  College,  and  within  a  few 
weeks  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Sansom 
Street  church,  Philadelphia,  and  again  to  the  pres- 


idency of  Shurtleff  College.  He  accepted  the 
former.  This  church  of  his  youth  was  not  long 
permitted  to  have  the  benefit  of  his  labors,  for  in 
IS.")!  he  became  the  president  of  the  university  at 
Lewisburg,  Pa.  About  this  time  he  edited  "  But- 
ler's Analogy,"  with  a  very  full  conspectus,  which 
is  now  used  largely  as  a  text-book.  After  six  years 
of  successful  labor  for  the  university.  Dr.  Malcom 
resigned  to  complete  his  "  Index  to  I'eligious  Lit- 
erature," which  was  published  in  1859.  During 
these  years  he  became  deeply  interested  in  building 
up  the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society,  and  to 
this  noble  work  he  was  devoted  to  the  end  of  hi.* 
life.  He  was  for  many  years  the  president  of  this 
society,  as  well  as  of  the  American  Peace  Society, 
senior  vice-president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Coloniza- 
tion Society,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Tract  Society.  In  1878  he  sustained  a 
severe  trial  in  the  loss  of  his  esteemed  and  beloved 
wife,  and  from  this  time  all  his  powers  rapidly 
failed,  and  he  died  in  Philadelphia  in  March,  1879, 
in  the  eighty-first  year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  the 
church  in  which  he  was  converted,  baptized,  li- 
censed, and  ordained.  A  noble  eulogy  was  pro- 
nounced by  one  in  the  expressive  words,  "  It  would 
be  difficult  to  name  any  good  cause  to  which  his 
heart  had  not  been  given." 

Mallary,  Charles  Button,  D.D.,  was  bom  ir» 

West  Poultney,  Vt.,  Jan.  23,  1801,  and  died  July 
31,  1864.  He  graduated  with  the  first  honor  at 
Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  in  August,  1817  ;  was 
baptized  and  joined  the  church  in  1822  ;  and  the 
same  year  moved  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  1824,  at  Columbia.  There  be  married 
Miss  Susan  Mary  Evans,  granddaughter  of  Rev. 
Edmund  Botsford.  In  18.30  he  removed  to  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  and  took  charge  of  the  Augusta  Baptist 
church.  Four  years  afterwards  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Milledgeville,  but  resigned  to  be- 
come the  agent  for  Mercer  University,  in  1837, 
laboring  as  such  for  three  years,  when  he  began  a 
life  of  evangelistic  and  pastoral  labors  for  various 
churches  in  Middle  and  AVestern  Georgia,  which 
continued  until  18.52,  when  he  retired  to  his  farm, 
near  Albany,  where  he  resided,  in  feeble  health, 
until  his  death,  in  1804.  In  1840  he  married  his 
second  wife,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Welch,  a  lady  of  superior 
worth  and  talents,  who  preceded  him  to  the  skies 
by  two  years. 

Dr.  Mallary  was  a  man  of  most  uncommon  piety, 
and  exerted  a  more  wholesome  influence  than  any 
other  man  of  the  denomination  in  the  State.  No 
other  stood  higher  in  the  esteem  of  the  brethren  ; 
nor  did  any  other  of  his  day,  in  the  truest  sense,  do 
more  for  the  cause  of  God  and  the  denomination  in 
the  State.  Dawson  was  a  more  brilliant  orator, 
and  Crawford  was  more  learned  and  scholarly, 
I  but  neither  surpassed  him  in  the  highest  and  best 


MALLARV 


742 


MALLARV 


characteristics,  as  a  preacher.  lie  had  clear  views 
of  divine  truth,  and  a  deep  experience  of  its  sanc- 
tifying power  in  the  heart.  His  voice  was  com- 
manding ;  his  elocution  distinct  and  forcible;  his 


CH.VRLKS    ni  TTO.N     MALLARV,   D.D. 

imaj^ination  splendid  ;  his  language  chaste,  and  his 
nddress  affectionate  and  persuasive.  While  emi- 
nently pure  and  clear,  his  style  was  often  ornate,  and 
sometimes  arose  to  sul)liniity.  He  loved  to  preach 
■Christ  crucified  as  the  only  foundation  of  a  siniiei-'s 
4iope,  and  to  exhibit  a  sovereign  God,  working  all 
things  after  the  counsel  of  his  own  will.  These 
liigh  themes  he  discussed  with  a  clear  head  and  a 
warm  heart,  and  rendered  them  eminently  practical 
by  the  manner  in  which  he  pressed  them  on  the 
■consciences  of  his  heai'crs.  Thoroughly  instructed 
in  the  Scriptures,  profoundly  conversant  with  the 
workings  of  experimental  religion,  and  knowing 
well  "  the  windings  and  doublings"  of  man's  de- 
ceitful heart,  he  was  exactly  fitted  to  take  it  cap- 
tive with  the  sweet  inlluences  of  revealed  truth. 

He  had  the  happy  talent  of  intrixluciiig  religious 
subjects  in  his  conversation  with  otlu'rs,  and  of 
■directing  their  attention  to  the  great  interests  of 
eternity.  To  those  who  knew  him  intimately  his 
■conversation  was  simply  delightful,  for  a  spirit  of 
piety  pervaded  almost  every  sentence  of  his  dis- 
course ;  and  the  power  of  a  well-cultivated  mind 
added  interest  and  instruction  to  the  other  charms 
of  his  conversation.  In  all  that  he  did  and  said 
his  profound  spirituality  shone  conspicuously  as  the 
•distinguishing  feature  of  his  character.  If  any  man 
ever  had  the   full  assurance  of  hope  it  was  he,  for 


his  faith  in  God  seemed  to  know  no  misgiving.  His 
chief  joy  was  in  the  worship  of  God,  and  scarcely 
any  possible  contingency  was  permitted  to  inter- 
rupt his  family  and  private  devotions.  At  the  do- 
mestic altar  and  in  the  closet  he  held  sweet  com- 
munion with  the  Father  of  spirits,  and  came  forth 
to  his  puhlic  ministrations  and  religious  efforts 
richlv  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  his  divine  Master. 
Everywhere  he  exhibited  a  beautiful  consistency 
of  Christian  character.  He  maintained  always  a 
dose  walk  with  God.  His  aim  in  life  was  to  pro- 
mote the  glory  of  God  and  the  good  of  luankind. 
Every  personal  interest  was  subordinated  to  this 
sublime  purpose.  No  narrow-mindedness  checked 
his  expansive  charity,  for  his  benevolence  embraced 
tlie  whole  human  race, — the  needy  at  his  own  door, 
and  the  heathen  at  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

His  private  life  was  as  pure  as  his  sentiments 
were  exalted,  and  in  all  his  relations  with  his 
brethren  he  was  a  model  of  gentleness  and  unselfish 
Christian  courtesy.  He  was  distinguished  for  his 
controlling  and  peaceful  influence  in  our  denomi- 
national councils.  He  was  most  skillful  and  prompt 
to  adopt  measures  in  promotion  of  Inirmony  and 
efficiency,  and,  by  word  and  deed,  led  his  brethren 
onward  in  the  way  of  truth  and  righteousness,  and 
in  extending  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  throughout 
the  world.  AVhen  money  was  needed  for  the  in- 
terests of  the  churches  and  for  the  spread  of  the 
gospel,  he  was  a  liberal  contributor  and  a  most  suc- 
cessful agent  in  procuring  the  gifts  of  others.  His 
example  and  influence  survive  in  the  memory  of 
thousands ;  the  seeds  of  truth  which  he  has  sown 
are  still  growing  and  liringing  forth  fruit  in  the 
lives  and  hearts  of  many  who  heard  his  voice.  Be- 
sides these  he  has  left  written  memorials  which  will 
be  read  with  interest  and  profit  for  many  years  to 
come,  among  which  are  his  memoirs  of  Mercer  and 
Botsford,  and  that  most  excellent  book  entitled 
"  Soul  Prosperity.''  While  a  man  of  strong  convic- 
tions and  determined  purposes,  lie  was  as  meek  and 
gentle  as  a  lamb.  With  a  will  as  determined  as  ever 
moved  a  despot,  it  was  so  tempered  and  subdued 
by  grace  that  it  would  bear  all  things,  believe  all 
things,  hope  all  things,  endure  all  things.  Ills  self- 
control  seemed  to  be  complete  ;  no  unkind  word  or 
hasty  speech,  or  anything  to  stain  a  most  consistent 
and  holy  life,  ever  escaped  his  lips  or  characterized 
his  actions.  He  never  entered  the  arena  of  strife, 
but  would  pour  oil  on  the  troubled  waters,  and  turn 
away  anger  by  .soft  words,  and  with  melting  tender- 
ness reprove  the  erring.  So  profound  was  his 
piety  that  nothing  ever  seemed  to  disturb  it.  The 
expression  of  his  countenance  when  in  the  pulpit 
was  tender  and  heavenly.  While  replete  with 
doctrinal  truth,  his  sermons  were  full  of  tenderness 
and  pathos,  his  greatest  strength  consisting  in  what 
rhetoricians  have  denominated  miction ;  for,  as  he 


I 


MALLAIiY 


743 


MAXLl' 


stood  in  the  pulpit,  his  audience .A'<  that  they  were 
in  the  presence  of  a  man  of  God.  It  was  this, 
united  to  his  native  good  sense,  wliich  gave  liim 
such  influence  in  relij;iou8  deliberative  assemblies, 
and  secured  for  him  the  most  profound  attention, 
and  rendered  his  8ugi;estion8  most  likely  to  meet 
the  approval  of  his  brethren  ;  and  it  was  this,  imbu- 
in"  all  his  words  and  actions,  which  gave  him  such 
spiritual  power  among  his  brethren,  and  made  him 
a  pillar  in  the  denomination,  ami  which  yet  gives 
his  memory  a  fragrance  among  Georgia  Baptists. 

Dr.  Mallary  was  a  warm  advocate  of  temperance, 
missionary  societies  and  Sunday-schools,  and  to  the 
very  end  of  life  continued  to  preach  whenever  phys- 
ically able.  Though  so  energetic  and  laborious 
during  his  whole  ministry,  his  services  to  God  and 
his  generation  were  performed  with  a  feeble  body, 
especially  in  the  last  years  of  his  life,  when  he  was 
subject  to  frequent  attacks  of  nervous  disease,  at- 
tended with  violent  pain  in  the  head.  His  death 
was  peaceful  ami  ha|ipy,  and  his  last  expression, 
uttered  while  gently  clajiping  his  hands,  was, 
"  Sweet,  swiM't  home  !' 

Mallary,  Hon.  Rollin  C,  was  bom  in  Cheshire, 
Conn.,  May  27,  17S4.  Ten  years  after  his  birth 
his  parents  removed  to  Poultney,  Vt.  lie  was  a 
graduate  of  Middlebury  College,  in  the  class  of 
1805.  He  studied  law  with  Horatio  Seymour  at 
Middlebury,  and  KoVjert  Temple  at  Rutland,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Rutland  County  bar  in  March, 
1807.  He  soon  became  a  leading  lawyer  in  the 
county,  and  for  five  years  was  State  attorney.  He 
■was  elected  a  meml)er  of  Congress  in  1S19,  and 
took  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives  Jan. 
13,  1820.  He  had  several  re-elections,  and  re- 
mained a  member  continuously  until  his  death. 
He  gained  a  prominent  position  in  Congress,  sec- 
ond, perhaps,  to  no  other  member  from  New  Eng- 
land in  his  time,  and  particularly  distinguished 
himself  as  a  frien<l  and  advoi:ate  of  the  "'  protective 
system."  At  the  commencement  of  the  Twentieth 
Congress  he  was  made  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures,  and  reported  the  tariff  of  1828, 
and  his  efficient  efforts  doubtless  conti'ibuted  largely 
to  secure  its  passage. 

Mr.  Mallary  died  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1831, 
while  on  his  return  home  from  Washington. 

Maltby,  Rev.  Clark  0.,  wa.s  bom  in  Rutland, 
N.  Y.,  .luly  I'J,  ISotJ  i  educated  at  the  Normal 
College  at  Albany,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1858.  Mr.  Maltby  devoted  a  number  of  years  to 
teaching  and  nuM-cantile  pursuits,  in  both  of  wliich 
he  was  very  successful.  Hearing  the  call  of  God 
to  preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1874,  and  graduated  in  1877. 
Before  he  completed  his  course  he  received  the 
unanimous  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Madison, 
Wis.,  to  its  pastorate.     He  entered  upon  his  labors 


here  in  the  autumn  of  1877.  The  church  had  been 
in  a  very  dispirited  condition  for  a  numtjer  of 
years.  Through  Mr.  Maltby's  pastorate  a  great 
change  has  been  effected.  The  house  of  worship 
has  been  thoroughly  repaired,  a  new  organ  pur- 
chased, a  fifle  congregation  gathered,  and  the  future 
of  the  church  is  full  of  promise.  He  occupies  one 
of  the  most  important  fields  in  the  State, — the  cap- 
ital of  the  Commonwealtli.  lie  is  bringing  to  his 
work  the  practical  wisdom  gained  by  large  experi- 
ence with  men  in  business  relations,  mature  and 
finely  cultured  intellectual  powers,  and  a  heart 
aglow  with  love  for  the  highest  and  holiest  calling. 
He  has  won  in  his  brief  ministry  the  place  of  a 
trusted  shepherd  in  his  flock,  that  of  a  Christian 
gentleman  in  the  city,  and  that  of  a  useful  and  re- 
■spcrted  minister  (if  Cbrist  throughout  the  State. 

Mangam,  William  D.,  was  bom  in  Croton, 
AVestchester  Co.,  N.  Y. :  an  uncommon  man,  with 
acute,  strong,  comprehensive  mind,  and  noble, 
generous  impulses ;  started  in  the  city  of  New 
York  without  capital,  and  became  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  successful  commission  merchants; 
but  lived  not  for  himself;  wiw  an  unswerving  Bap- 
tist in  his  principles;  bequeathed  to  the  Clinton 
Avenue  Baptist  church  of  New  York  City,  of 
whiili  he  was  a  member,  a  property  worth  $00,000  ; 
was  habitually  benevolent,  and  always  active  and 
noble. 

Manly,  Basil,  B.D.,  was  liorn  in  Chatliam  Co., 
N.  C,  Jan.  25,  1798;  baptized  Aug.  26.  1816,  and 
licensed  to  preach  in  1818.  He  graduated  at  the 
College  of  South  Carolina,  Dec.  3,  1821,  with  the 
first  honor,  when  honors  were  given  to  such  men 
as  Preston,  Pettigrew,  and  O'Neal.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1822.  His  first  settled  pastorate  was  at 
Edgefield  Court-llouse,  S.  C,  where  the  savor  of 
his  influence  is  yet  felt.  In  March,  1826,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charles- 
ton. Seldom  has  a  pastor  been  so  loved  by  all,  saint 
and  sinner,  old  and  young. 

After  about  ten  years  of  most  successful  labor  in 
Charleston  he  became  president  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama.  lie  was  the  controlling  spirit 
of  the  university,  and  it  enjoyed  unwonted  pros- 
perity for  eighteen  years  under  his  administration. 

In  1855  he  returned  to  Charleston  as  pastor  of 
the  Wentmouth  Street  church.  After  four  years 
of  fruitful  toil,  he  was  again  recalled  to  Alabama 
as  State  evangelist,  a  position  for  which  he  was 
peculiarly  fitted,  and  his  labors  were  abundantly 
blessed. 

He  spent  the  close  of  his  life  with  his  son,  Rev. 
B.  Manly,  -Ir.,  professor  in  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary,  at  Greenville,  S.  C.  It  was 
a  great  pleasure  to  him  to  see  the  institution  in 
successful  operation  for  which  he  had  so  long 
labored   and    prayed.     Doubtless    he   could   have 


MANLY 


744 


MANNING 


adopted  the  liinguage  of  Simeon  :  "  Lord,  now  let- 
test  thou  thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  for  mine 
eyes  have  seen  thy  salvation." 


BASH.    M.\N1,Y,  D.n. 

Dr.  Manly  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
ministers  with  wliich  tlie  Spirit  of  (jod  ever  Messed 
tli(>  ISiiptist  doiHiMiination. 

Manly,  Basil,  Jr.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  son  of  tlie  dis- 
tinguished Dr.  Basil  Manly,  of  South  Carolina,  was 
born  in  Edgefield  District,  S.  C,  Dec.  19,  1825. 
After  attending  a  preparatory  school  in  Charles- 
ton, he  became  a  student  at  the  State  University 
of  Alabama,  where  he  graduated  in  1843.  He 
then  entered  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  where 
he  remained  for  a  time,  and  subsequently  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  in  1844,  where  he  was  ordained 
in  1848.  lie  preached  two  years  to  several  country 
churches  in  Alabama.  In  18.'j0  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Richmond,  Va.  His 
health  failing,  in  1854  he  superintended  the  erec- 
tion of  a  building,  costing  §70,000,  for  the  Richmond 
Female  Institute,  of  which  he  became  principal. 
In  185y,  when  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  was  established  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  he 
was  elected  one  of  its  original  professors.  While 
the  seminary  was  suspended  during  the  war  he 
preached  to  several  churches  in  the  neighborhood. 
Upon  the  re-opening  of  the  seminary  he  resumed 
his  professorship,  in  addition  to  which  he  col- 
leeted  money  for  the  support  of  students,  by  means 
of  which  nearly  a  hundred  young  men  were  en- 
abled to  attend   the   institution.     In   1871  he  ac- 


cepted the  presidency  of  (ieorgctown  College,  which 
position  he  occupied  until  lS7'.t,  when  he  again  ac- 
cepted a  professorship  in  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary,  now  located  at  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  is  regarded  as  a  man  of  extensive  learn- 
ing and  critical  scholarship,  and  is  still  more  highly 
esteemed  for  his  ••  meek  and  ([uiet  spirit''  and  his 
constant  devotion  to  the  cause  of  ('hrist. 

Manly,  Rev.  C.  G.,  was  bom  in  Haiuden,  Geauga 
Co.,  0.,  Jan.  14,  1834  ;  converted  and  baptized  in 
1851.  He  attended  the  district  school  and  Burton 
Academy,  and  studied  at  Kalamazoo  and  Franklin 
Colleges.  He  was  ordained  at  Rolling  Prairie,  Ind., 
in  February,  18G5,  and  was  ])astor  of  the  church 
there  one  year;  was  missionary  colporteur  of  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society  for  Northern  Indiana 
to  Southern  Michigan  one  year ;  organized  the 
iliurcli  at  Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  during  this  year  and 
became  their  pastor,  and  continued  with  them  four 
years.  He  came  to  Kansas  in  November,  18fi9, 
and  organized  the  second  Baptist  church  west 
of  Emporia  ;  assisted  in  constituting  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Southwestern  Kansas  Baptist  As- 
sociation, in  October,  1871.  He  has  been  pastor 
of  the  Augusta  church  four  years.  During  the 
filteen  years  that  he  has  been  in  the  ministry 
he  has  supervised  the  building  of  three  meeting- 
houses and  the  repairing  of  two.  He  is  a  modest, 
but  faithful  and  efficient  pastor. 

Manly,  Charles,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Basil 
and  Sarali  M.  Manly,  May  2S,  1S37,  in  Charleston, 
S.  C.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  Tuscaloosa, 
Ala.,  in  the  school  of  R.  Furman,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  the  University  of  Alabama  July  11, 
1855;  was  baptized  April  24,  1853;  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Tuscaloo-sa  Baptist  church  Oct.  2, 
1855;  was  graduated  from  the  Princeton  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  N.  .J.,  April  29,  18,59,  and  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  church  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala., 
June  19,  1859.  Dr.  Manly  continued  in  this  field 
of  labor  until  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
in  Murfrcesborough,  Tenn.,  Sept.  24,  1871,  whence 
he  removed  to  Staunton,  Va.,  as  pastor  of  the  church 
there,  Oct.  12,  1873.  Dr.  Manly  was  connected, 
either  as  professor  or  president,  from  18r>0  to  1873, 
with  the  Alabama  Female  College;  and,  as  presi- 
dent,, with  Union  University,  Murfreesborough, 
Tenn.,  from  September,  1871,  to  September,  1873. 
The  <legree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  University  of  Alabama  in  1859,  and  the  degree 
of  D.D.  by  AVilliam  Jewell  College  in  1872.  Dr. 
Manly  has  contributed  frequently  to  the  EeUf/ious 
Herald.  In  his  pastoral  labors  he  has  been  very 
successful,  and  is  a  polished  and  vigorous  preacher. ' 
He  is  now  pastor  of  the  church  at  Greenville,  S.  C, 
where  he  labors  with  great  acceptance  and  use- 
fulness. 

Manning',  Rev.  Edward,  pre-eminent  among 


MANNING 


745 


MANNING 


the  founders  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces,  was  born  in  1766,  in  Ireland; 
brought  up  in  Falmouth,  Nova  Scotia;  awakened 
by  hearing  Henry  AUine  pray,  in  17<S4 ;  converted 
April  29,  1789,  under  the  ministry  of  Key.  John 
Payzant,  and  soon  began  to  evangelize ;  had  a  re- 
vival at  Kiugsclear,  New  Brunswick,  1793 ;  or- 
dained Oct.  19,  1795 ;  renouncing  Pedobaptism, 
was  immersed,  in  1797,  in  Lower  Granville,  by 
Rev.  Thomas  Handiey  Chipman  ;  became  pastor 
of  the  Regular  Baptist  church,  Cornwallis,  Nova 
Scotia,  Jan.  27,  ISOS,  and  continued  in  it  till  his 
death,  Jan.  12,  18.')l  ;  united  in  forming  the  Ba)i- 
tist  Association,  .June  23,  1800 ;  was  a  firm  friend 
of  Horton  Academy  and  Acadia  College.  Edward 
Manning  possessed  a  massive  and  powerful  intel- 
lect, much  firmness,  keen  penetration,  great  ad- 
ministrative ability,  deep  Christian  experience ; 
was  a  profound  tlieologian  and  a  very  useful  min- 
ister of  Christ. 

Manning,  James,  D.D. — So  identified  was  the 
life  of  James  Manning  with  Brown  University  that 
the  history  of  the  earlier  years  of  that  institution  is 
also  the  history  of  his  life.  He  was  its  first  presi- 
dent, we  might  almost  say  its  founder,  and  he  ceased 
not  from  laboring  for  it  till  the  hand  of  death  in- 
terposed. The  twenty-six  years  of  his  connection 
with  the  college  were  years  calling  forth  the  high- 
est administrative  and  financial  ability,  the  utmost 
prudence  and  indomitable  perseverance  ;  years  al- 
ways crucial  to  a  young  and  financially  feeble  in- 
stitution, but  doul)ly  so  by  the  poverty  consequent 
on  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  How  ably  he  accom- 
plished the  arduous  task  that  befell  him  the  high 
position  that  Brown  University  occupies  among 
the  colleges  of  our  country  sufficiently  attests. 

James  Manning  was  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Catli- 
erine  Manning,  and  was  born  at  Elizabethtown, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  22,  1738.  About  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
went  to  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  to  prepare  for  college, 
under  the  instruction  of  the  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton.  In 
1758  he  entered  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  where 
he  graduated  four  years  later  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class.  It  was  at  the  beginning  of 
his  college  course  that  he  made  a  public  profession 
of  his  faith,  and  shortly  after  his  graduation  he 
entered  the  ministry.  His  marriage  to  Margaret 
Stites  occurred  in  1763,  and  a  year  was  spent  by 
him  in  traveling  extensively  through  the  country. 

There  was  a  strong  feeling  among  the  Baptists 
of  their  need  of  an  educated  ministry,  and  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  wliich  met  in  1762,  re- 
solved to  attempt  the  establishment  of  a  denom- 
inational college  in  Rhode  Island,  and  to  Mr.  Man- 
ning was  intrusted  the  carrying  out  of  tliis  object. 
A  charter  was  obtained  from  the  General  Assembly 
in  1764  authorizing  the  establishment  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Rhode  Island. 
48 


Mr.  Manning  then  removed  to  the  town  of  AVar- 
ren,  about  ten  miles  from  Providence,  where  he  es- 
tablished a  grammar-school,  which  soon  became  a 
flourishing  institution.     It  was  removed  to  Provi- 


JAMES    M.\XXING,  D.D. 

dence  in  1770,  and  is  now  in  existence  as  the  Uni- 
versity Grammar-School.  A  church  was  organ- 
ized in  Warren  the  same  year, — 1764, — and  Mr. 
Manning  was  called  to  the  pastorate.  In  1765  he 
was  formally  appointed  "  President  of  the  College 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  Professor  of  Languages,  and 
other  branches  of  learning,  with  full  power  to  act 
in  these  capacities  at  AVarren  and  elsewhere."  The 
college  opened  at  Warren  in  1766  with  one  student. 
Three  others,  however,  joined  witliin  a  few  days, 
and  at  the  first  commencement — 1769 — a  class  of 
seven  was  graduated. 

In  1767  was  formed  the  Warren  Association, 
comprising  at  first  but  four  churches,  but  it  soon 
extended  over  New  England.  Mr.  Manning  was 
a  prominent  and  useful  member  of  this  body,  sev- 
eral times  being  chosen  moderator.  The  Associa- 
tion was  of  much  benefit  to  the  college,  giving  it 
material  aid  and  strength. 

It  was  decided  in  1770  that  the  time  had  come 
for  the  erection  of  a  college  building,  and  Provi- 
dence was  selected  for  the  site,  the  town  and  county 
subscribing  £4200  as  an  inducement  thereto.  The 
officers  and  undcr-graduates  accordingly  removed 
from  Warren  to  Providence,  and  during  the  course 
of  the  year  University  Hall  was  erected.  Mr.  Man- 
ning having  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  Warren 
church,  and  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 


MANNING 


746 


MANNING 


of  Providence  being  desirous  of  retiring  from  the 
duties  of  his  office,  that  church  invited  President 
Manning  to  preacli  for  them,  and  in  1771  called 
him  to  be  their  ))astor.  His  power  in  tlie  pulpit 
was  great,  and  during  liis  pa«* — ^>.te  the  cliurcli  was 
much  blessed.  Many  adultions  were  made  to  its 
menibersliip,  and  several  revivals  were  experienced, 
that  of  1774  resulting  in  104  conversions.  The  in- 
creased prosperity  and  membership  of  the  church 
under  Mr.  Manning's  cliarge  made  necessary  the 
erection  of  a  new  house  of  wor.ship.  With  the  view 
also  of  lioUling  tliere  the  commencement  exercises 
of  the  college,  the  church  was  designed  and  made 
to  be  the  largest  and  finest  church  edifice  of  the 
denomination  in  the  colonies. 

President  Manning  continued  his  arduous  and 
multifarious  duties  as  president,  professor,  and 
pastor  till  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  Rev- 
olution. The  college  had  been  growing  in  reputa- 
tion and  usefulness,  and  was  fast  attaining  that 
high  position  and  influence  it  now  occupies.  But 
the  capture  of  the  town  by  the  British  forces  neces- 
sitated the  closing  of  the  college,  the  Iniilding  being 
occupied  by  them  as  barracks.  After  their  de- 
parture it  was  used  as  a  hospital  liy  the  American 
and  French  forces,  and  not  till  1782  was  the  course 
of  instruction  permanently  resumed.  Meanwhile, 
President  Manning  occupied  himself  witli  his  pas- 
toral labors,  and  efforts  lor  the  amelioration  of  the 
distress  so  prevalent  during  that  period. 

In  17.Sf),  President  Manning  was  chosen  by  the 
General  Assembly  to  represent  Rhode  Island  in  the 
Confederation  of  the  States.  He  was  induced  to 
accept  the  position  in  the  hope  of  gaining  from 
Congress  an  appropriation  for  the  use  made  of  the 
college  by  the  allied  forces  during  the  struggle  for 
independence.  He  was  granted  leave  of  absence 
by  the  college  and  church  from  March  until  Sep- 
tember, when  he  returned  and  resumed  his  duties. 

The  articles  of  the  Confederation  of  the  States 
proving  inadequate  for  the  purpose  designed,  a 
union  upon  a  new  basis  was  proposed.  Our  na- 
tional Constitution,  framed  at  Philadelphia  in  1787, 
was  adopted  by  a  few  of  the  States  with  serious  op- 
position, but  in  some  of  them,  and  especially  in 
New  England,  there  was  great  danger  of  its  final 
rejection.  Dr.  Manning,  though  holding  no  politi- 
cal office,  was  deeply  interested  in  the  result,  be- 
lieving that  upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution 
the  future  prosperity  of  the  country  depended.  He 
attended  the  debates  on  the  measure  in  Boston,  and 
the  favorable  action  of  Rhode  Island  was  in  a  large 
degree  due  to  his  counsels  and  influence. 

Dr.  Manning  had  long  folt  that  his  collegiate 
duties  were  too  great  to  allow  him  to  give  the  care 
his  church  required,  and  in  1791  he  requested  the 
appointment  of  a  successor.  In  April  of  this  year 
he  preached  his  farewell  sermon.     He  had  the  year 


pi'evious  expressed  a  desire  to  be  relieved  from  his 
collegiate  duties,  but  before  the  request  had  been 
complied  with  he  was  stricken  with  apoplexy,  and 
his  useful  life  was  ended  July  29,  1791,  in  the 
fifty-third  year  of  liis  age. 

Manning,  Rev.  James,  another  founder  of  the 
Bajitist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1764 ;  brought  up  in  Falmouth,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  awakened  under  Henry  Alline's  min- 
istry ;  converted  in  1789,  and  joined  the  Congre- 
gational church,  Rev.  John  I'ayzant,  pastor;  com- 
menced to  preach  in  1792  ;  evangelized  with  his 
brother  Edward  in  New  Brunswick,  in  1793  ;  in 
1796,  James,  renouncing  Pedobaptism,  was  im- 
mersed by  Rev.  Thomas  Handley  Chipman.  After 
returning  from  a  second  tour  with  Edward  in  New 
Brunswick  and  Maine,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Lower  Granville,  Sept.  10,  1798,  and 
continued  in  this  position  to  his  death.  May  27, 
1818.  James  Manning  was  an  earnest  Christian 
and  a  faithful  minister,  a  wise  counselor  and  peace- 
maker in  the  church  of  God.  His  grandson.  Rev. 
J.  W.  Manning,  is  now  the  useful  pastor  of  the 
North  church,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 

Manning,  Rev.  Reuben  Elias,  late  one  of 
the  principals  of  Wayland  Academy,  a  native  of 
Penfield,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  born  March  31, 
1840.  His  pai'ents  removed  while  ho  was  quite 
young  to  Salem,  Mich.,  where  he  spent  his  child- 
hood and  youth,  receiving  in  the  common  schools 
of  the  neighborhood  the  rudiments  of  an  education. 
He  devoted  himself  for  a  number  of  years  to  agri- 
cultural pursuits  with  marked  success.  As  the  re- 
sult of  his  excellent  management  he  became  the 
owner  of  a  fine  farm,  and  was  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful men  in  that  calling  in  his  neighborhood. 
He  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  in  1858,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church.  He  had  frequent  convictions 
that  he  was  called  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  finally, 
in  1869,  he  abandoned  farming  and  began  to  prepare 
for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  graduated  from 
Kalama/.oo  College,  Mich.,  in  1873,  and  from  the 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  at  Chicago  in  1874. 
Before  graduating  he  received  a  call  to  the  jiastor- 
ateof  the  Baptist  church  in  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.,  and 
was  ordained  by  this  church  Feb.  28,  1874.  Ilis 
pastorate  here  was  one  of  marked  success,  the 
church  growing  in  numbers  and  efficiency,  and  ob- 
taining through  his  influence  a  prominent  position 
in  the  community. 

In  September,  1877,  having  become  associated 
with  Prof.  N.  E.  AVood  in  the  principalship  of 
Wayland  Academy,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  to  en- 
gage in  the  work  of  teaching  in  that  institution. 
He  was  associate  principal  with  Prof.  Wood,  and 
Professor  of  Mathematics  until  June,  1880,  when 
he  retired  from  the  school  with  a  view  of  again 
entering  the  pastorate. 


MAN  fi  FIELD 


747 


MARCOM 


He  is  a  man  of  splendij  executive  abilities,  with 
superior  i|iialitie.s  as  a  pastor. 

Mansfield,  Rev.  David  Logan,  a  distin- 
guished minister  in  (jasper  Kiver  Association,  was 
born  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  June  8,  1797.  In  early 
manhood  lie  became  a  member  of  Stony  Point 
cluirch,  in  his  native  county.  Llis  education  was 
completed  at  Glasgow,  Ky.,  under  the  direction  of 
that  famous  instructor,  Rev.  R.  T.  Anderson.  lie 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  November,  1823  ; 
80on  after  which  he  became  pastor  of  Providence 
church,  in  Warren  County,  to  which  he  removed 
in  1820,  and  there  he  settled  for  life,  lie  was  pastor 
of  several  other  churches,  and  was  very  .successful 
in  leading  sinners  to  Christ.  In  the  winter  of 
1832-.33  he  baptized  over  300  persons.  He  died 
about  ls.')l(. 

Mansfield,  Rev,  James  W.,  the  most  prominent 

minister  of  his  day  in  Little  River  x\.s.sociation,  in 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  xVlbemarle  Co.,  Va.,  March 
18,  1794.  In  181.5  he  settled  in  Kentucky,  stopping 
for  a  few  months  in  Mercer  County,  where  he  was 
baptized,  and  then  locating  in  Christian  County. 
In  1S19  he  removed  to  Caldwell  County,  where  he 
made  his  home.  In  May,  1820,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  Donaldson 
church  in  1827,  in  which  office  he  served  twenty- 
five  years.  At  the  same  time  he  had  charge  of  three 
other  churches,  and  from  the  scarcity  of  ministers, 
for  a  considerable  period  he  preached  to  several  other 
churches  on  "'week-days."  Among  the  churches 
he  formed  is  that  at  Princeton,  the  county  seat 
of  Caldwell.  He  was  fourteen  years  moderator  of 
Little  River  Association.  lie  died  Oct.  15,  1853. 
Manton,  Rev.  Joseph  Randall,  A.M.,  son  of 

Dr.  Sliadrach  and  Amey  Randall  Manton,  was 
born  in  Providence,  R.  L,  Sept.  28,  1821  ;  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  1842  ;  united  with  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  in  Providence;  taught  in 
Worcester  Academy ;  studied  theology  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y. ;  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  at  (Jlouces- 
ter,  Mass.,  in  1848 ;  from  delicate  health  left  the 
New  Kngland  coast  and  settled  with  the  cluirch  in 
Clarksville,  Tenn.,  from  1850  to  1857,  also  preach- 
ing widely  as  an  evangelist ;  settled  with  tlie  Ver- 
mont Street  Baptist  church  in  Qnincy,  111.,  from 
1857  to  18G0 ;  from  impaired  health  removed  and 
settled  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  in  1800,  and  remained  till  18(55  ;  removed  to 
St.  .losepli,  .Mo.,  and  remained  four  years ;  in  1869 
settled  with  the  church  at  Richfield,  Jlinn.,  where 
he  now  labors;  a  man  of  marked  talents,  true  de- 
votion, uncommon  culture,  and  great  eloquence,  of 
delicate  health,  successful  in  his  labors,  and  greatly 
esteemed. 

Manz,  Felix. — See  article  Anaiim-tists. 

March,  John,  was  born  in  England  ;  removed  to 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  1854  ;  is  a  prominent 


Baptist  of  that  city  ;  was  connected  for  several 
years  with  the  press ;  is  now  the  efficient  secre- 
tary of  the  board  of  school  trustees  for  St.  John  ;  is 
earnest  and  liberal  in  support  of  all  denominational 
objects. 

March,  Rev.  Stephen,  brother  of  John  March, 
was  born  March  28,  1832,  in  England;  came  to 
New  Brunswick  in  1854 ;  was  ordained  at  St. 
Francis,  New  Brunswick,  July  5,  1856  ;  became,  in 
1858,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  St.  George, 
New  Brunswick ;  took  charge  of  the  church  in 
Bridgewater,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1862 ;  Onslow  in 
1874  ;  Canning  in  1877  ;  returned  to  Bridgewater 
in  1879.     He  is  a  good  preacher  and  pastor. 

Marchant,  Judge  Henry,  was  bom  at  Martha's 
Yiue3'ard,  Mass.,  in  April,  1741.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  the  best  that  could  be  obtained  in  the 
schools  of  Newport,  R.  I.  He  completed  his  studies  . 
at  Philadelphia,  in  the  institution  which  subse- 
quently became  the  University  of  Penn.sylvania. 
lie  spent  five  years  in  the  study  of  law,  and  having 
been  admitted  to  the  bar,  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Newport,  R.  I.  f'arly  in  his 
career  he  advocated  the  rights  of  his  country  against 
the  oppressions  of  Great  Britain.  At  the  October 
.session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  1770,  he  was 
elected  attorney-general  of  the  State,  and  held  this 
office  until  May,  1777.  In  1771  he  went  to  England 
in  his  official  character  to  look  after  some  matters 
affecting  the  interests  of  Rhode  Island.  While 
abroad  he  was  brought  into  intimate  relations  with 
gentlemen  of  the  Whig  party,  upon  whom  he  ex- 
erted no  little  influence  in  favor  of  his  country. 
Returning  to  his  home  in  1772,  and  anticipating 
the  troubles  which  his  sagacity  told  him  would 
soon  befall  a  town  so  exposed  as  was  Newport,  he 
purchased  an  estate  in  Narragansett,  whither  he 
moved  his  family.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  for  three  years,  and  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  Newport,  which  place  he 
represented  for  a  time  in  the  General  Assembly. 
President  Washington  appointed  him  judge  of  the 
I)istrict  Court  for  Rhode  Island,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death,  Aug.  30,  1796.  In  his  re- 
ligious sympathies  Judge  Marchant  was  a  Baptist, 
and  shared,  with  Roger  Williams,  an  intense  love 
of  civil  and  religious  liberty,  which  was  transmitted 
to  his  posterity. 

Marcom,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  bom  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1814  ;  baptized  in  June,  1835,  by  Thomas 
Freeman  ;  ordained  in  1847,  Revs.  J.  S.  Purefoy, 
W.  T.  Brooks,  W.  A.  Atkinson,  and  T.  B.  Horton 
forming  the  Presbytery  ;  has  served  many  churches 
in  AVake,  Chatham,  and  Harnett  Counties  ;  was 
reading  clerk  of  Raleigh  Association  for  thirty 
years,  and  moderator  for  two  sessions ;  has  taught 
school,  and  is  still  active  and  useful. 


MAliCY 


748 


MARSH 


Marcy,  Gov.  William  Learned,  was  born  in 
Soutlibridge,  Mass.,  Dec.  12,  17S6,  and  died  at 
Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y.,  July  4,  1857.  lie  was  grad- 
uated   at    Brown    University,   removed  to  Troy. 


GOV.   WILLIAM     LEARNED    MARCY. 

N.  Y..  studied  law,  :ind  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  war  with  England, 
in  1S12.  In  1816  he  was  appointed  recorder  of 
Troy,  and  in  1818  he  became  editor  of  the  Troy 
Bud/jet,  a  leading  daily  newspaper.  In  1821  he 
was  appointed  adjutant-general  of  the  State  militia, 
and  in  1.S23  was  elected  by  the  Legi.slature  comp- 
troller of  the  State,  and  removed  to  Albany.  In 
1829  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  associate  justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  which  office  he 
held  till  1831,  when  he  was  elected  United  States 
Senator.  He  served  a-s  Senator  two  years,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  governor  of  New 
York.  He  was  re-elected  in  1834,  and  again  in 
1836.  In  184.5  he  was  made  Secretary  of  War  by 
President  Pollf,  a  post  made  peculiarly  difficult  by 
hostilities  with  Mexico.  As  a  member  of  Presi- 
dent Polk's  cabinet  he  distinguished  himself  in  the 
settlement  of  the  Oregon  boundary  question,  and 
other  matters  which  engaged  the  attention  of  the 
government.  In  1853  he  was  called  into  the  cabi- 
net of  President  Pierce  to  fill  the  high  office  of 
Secretary  of  State.  In  his  correspondence  with 
Austria,  his  state  papers  on  Central  American  af- 
fairs, and  tlie  Danish  Sound  dues,  his  great  ability 
as  a  writer,  a  statesman,  and  diplomatist  was  de- 
monstrated to  the  world. 

He  was  a  constant  attendant  and  liberal  sup- 


porter of  the  Pearl  Street  Baptist  church  of  Al- 
bany, and  an  ardent  admirer  of  Dr.  Bartholomew 
T.  Welch.  In  all  the  varied  relations  of  life,  pub- 
lic and  private,  there  is  no  stain  on  his  memory. 
His  wisdom,  his  faithfulness,  and  his  integrity 
stand  unchallenged,  and  liis  memory  is  justly  re- 
vered by  all  who  knew  him. 

Margrave,  Rev.  William  G.,  was  bom  in 
Lexington,  Va,,  Nov.  23,  17'J3.  The  death  of  liis 
father  wl)en  he  was  an  infant  left  his  education 
entirely  to  liis  faithful  mother,  who  was  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Wlien  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  located  in  the  town  of  Lewisburg, 
W.  Va.,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

He  was  for  a  long  time  one  of  the  most  ungodly 
men  in  Lewisburg,  a  common  drunkard,  and  a  re- 
proach to  his  neighbors.  While  engaged  in  his 
dissolute  pleasures  he  was  powerfully  convicted  of 
sin  and  was  converted.  Itwaswitli  difficulty  that 
he  found  a  Baptist  preacher  to  receive  him.  At 
length  Rev.  James  0.  Alderson  heard  of  him,  and 
came  to  his  home  and  baptized  him,  and  at  once 
he  began  to  preach.  Whatever  he  did  he  performed 
with  all  his  might.  And  such  was  the  strength  of 
his  faith  that  lie  never  doubted  the  reality  of  his 
conversion,  and  to  the  day  of  liis  death  his  zeal 
knew  no  abatement.  His  ministry  was  greatly 
blessed.  An  attack  of  pneumonia  ended  his  work 
on  the  24th  of  February,  1867.  He  died  exhorting 
sinners  to  repent. 

Marsh,  Ebenezer,  is  one  of  the  men  long  iden- 
tified with  Baptist  progress  in  Southern  Illinois. 
He  has  been  for  many  years  president  of  the  Alton 
Bank,  and  a  pillar  in  the  Alton  Baptist  church. 
He  was  born  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  Sept.  16,  1806. 
He  was  educated  at  Dudley  Academy  in  that  State, 
but  in  early  life  removed  to  Illinois,  being  one  of 
the  first  settlers  in  Madison  County  in  that  State. 
His  first  occupation  was  that  of  teacher  in  the 
Rock  Spring  Seminary,  St.  Clair  County,  an  insti- 
tution founded  by  Dr.  John  M.  Peck.  In  1832  he 
removed  to  Alton,  engaging  first  in  the  insurance 
business,  subsequently  as  a  banker.  As  a  member 
of  the  church  in  Alton,  of  the  Shurtleff  College 
board  of  trustees,  and  in  other  positions  of  ser- 
vice, he  has  done  much  to  promote  denominational 
growth  in  his  own  section  of  the  State. 

Marsh,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  bom  in  Collisville, 
N.  Y.,  May  26,  1830 ;  converted  at  nine  ;  baptized 
by  A.  B.  Earle  in  May,  1848  ;  was  licensed  by  the 
Collisville  church,  but  fearing  that  he  was  not 
called  he  returned  the  license  ;  came  to  Virginia  as 
a  missionary  of  the  Sunday-School  Union  in  18.54; 
to  North  Carolina  in  April,  1855  ;  was  ordained  in 
Ashville  in  September,  1858  ;  preached  for  several 
years  in  Western  North  Carolina,  but  since  1868 
has  served  churches  in  Catawba,  Iredell,  and  Davie 
Counties. 


ifARSff 


749 


MARSHALL 


Marsh,  Rev.  R.  H.,  was  born  in  Cliatliiuu  Co.. 
N.  C,  Nuv.  S,  1S37  ;  graduated  at  Cliapcl  Hill  in 
1858  ;  was  baptized  by  Dr.  T.  C.  T easdale  at  Chapel 
Ilill,  in  October,  1S56  ;  spent  two  years  at  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  Green- 
ville, S.  C. ;  was  tutor  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1859;  professor  in  Oxford  Female  College  in  1802- 
<)3  :  preached  in  Granville  County  until  1864,  when 
the  death  of  his  father  recalled  him  to  Chatham  ; 
returned  to  Oxford  in  1868,  where  he  still  resides, 
the  blessed  pastor  of  several  excellent  country 
churches.  Mr.  Marsh  was  for  several  years  the 
pastor  of  the  Oxford  and  Henderson  churches  ;  was 
for  two  sessions  moderator  of  the  Fhit  lliver  As- 
sociation, and  has  been  for  ten  years  a  trustee  of 
Wake  Forrst  College. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Abraham,  to  whom  belongs 
the  highest  place  among  the  Baptist  pioneer  preach- 
ers of  Georgia,  was  born  April  23,  1748,  in  the  town 
of  Windsor,  Conn.  He  was  the  son,  .and  probably 
the  oldest,  of  Daniel  Marshall,  by  his  second  wife, 
Martha  Stearns.  Although  he  was  the  subject  of 
deep  religious  impressions  from  early  childhood, 
yet  it  was  not  until  he  was  about  twenty-two  years 
of  age  that  he  entertained  well-grounded  hopes  of 
salvation.  At  that  time  bis  parents  were  living 
on  Horse  Creek,  S.  C,  a  few  miles  north  of  Au- 
gusta, and  there,  about  1770,  he  united  with  the 
church,  and  was  baptized  in  the  Savannah  River. 
He  was  immediately  seized  with  a  desire  to  lead 
others  to  the  Saviour,  and  soon  began  to  call  sin- 
ners to  repentance.  In  -January,  1771.  in  company 
with  his  parents,  he  removed  to  Columbia  Co.,Ga., 
and  settled  on  Big  Kiokee  Creek,  about  which  time 
he  was  regularly  licensed  to  preach.  He  was  not 
ordained,  however,  until  May  20,  1775. 

Just  as  he  had  chosen  his  life-work  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  broke  out,  and  Georgia  became  a  scene 
of  violence  and  blood.  During  almost  the  entire 
struggle  the  people  were  subject  to  the  combined 
outrages  of  Britons,  Tories,  and  Indians.  Many 
sought  safety  in  flight,  among  whom  were  those 
noble  and  useful  men,  Edmund  Botsford  and  Silas 
Mercer,  the  former  never  to  return  as  a  permanent 
laborer,  and  the  latter  not  until  after  an  absence 
of  six  years.  Abraham  Marshall  and  his  venerable 
father,  however,  remained  at  their  posts,  fiiithfully 
preaching  the  gospel.  Sometimes  they  were  taken 
prisoners,  and  subjected  to  great  imlignities,  but 
through  all  (Jod  mercifully  preserved  them. 

On  the  2d  of  November,  1784,  soon  after  the  war 
closed,  Daniel  Marshall  was  called  to  his  reward  on 
high,  and  his  son  Abraham  succeeded  him  as  p;is- 
tor  of  Kiokee  ehurch.  In  May,  1786,  some  busi- 
ness affairs,  in  connection  with  his  fathers  estate, 
rendered  it  necessary  for  Abraham  Marshall  to 
visit  his  native  town  in  Connecticut.  He  nmde 
the   trip   on    horseback,  and   was   absent   several 


months,  preaching  almost  every  day  during  his 
journey.  In  Xew  England  his  .sermons  drew  to- 
gether vast  crowds,  some  comparing  him  to  White- 
field  in  the  fervor  and  power  of  his  eloquence. 

On  his  return,  in  November.  1786,  he  entered 
upon  his  ministerial  labors  with  greater  zeal  than 
ever,  and,  being  free  from  the  care  of  a  family,  he 
engaged  much  in  itinerant  work,  visiting  various 
parts  of  the  State,  and  preaching  the  Word  with 
great  power.  In  the  spring  of  1787  a  wonderful 
revival  began,  and  spread  far  and  wide:  thous^inds 
attended  the  ministrations  of  the  gospel,  and  multi- 
tudes were  converted.  During  the  year  more  than 
100  were  baptized  at  Kiokee  church  alone,  and  the 
church  membership  soon  increased  to  more  than 
300. 

Xow  in  the  zenith  of  his  powers,  Abraham  Mar- 
shall went  everywhere  throughout  the  State,  preach- 
ing, baptizing,  organizing  churches,  and  ordaining 
ministers.  So  much  assistance  did  he  render  in  the 
work  of  constitutingchurehcs,  and  setting  men  apart 
to  the  mirvstry,  that  it  was  said  to  be  '•  his  busi- 
ness, his  trade."  This  language  will  not  appear 
extrav.igant  when  it  is  reniemliered  that  in  three 
years  the  number  of  churches  in  the  Association 
increased  from  7  to  31,  and  in  seven  years  to  56, 
while  during  the  same  period  the  ministers  h.id  in- 
creased from  6  to  36. 

Mr.  Marshall  married  Miss  Ann  Waller,  of  \\r- 
ginia,  in  1792.  being  then  forty-four  years  old,  and 
for  twenty-three  years  they  lived  happily  together, 
she  preceding  him  to  their  heavenly  home  by  four 
years  only.  Four  sons  were  the  issue  of  this  mar- 
riage, only  two  of  whom  attained  to  manhood. 

He  retained  the  pastorship  of  the  Kiokee  church 
until  his  death.T— a  period  of  thirty-five  years, — 
during  which  it  kept  its  high  position  as  the  mother 
of  churches  and  ministers.  He  from  time  to  time 
had  the  oversight  of  other  churches.  In  addition, 
during  the  whole  course  of  his  ministry,  he  con- 
tinued his  itinerant  labors,  his  praise  being  em- 
phatically in  all  the  churches. 

In  the  old  family  mansion,  near  the  Kiokee 
meeting-house,  Mr.  JIarshall,  full  of  years  and 
honors,  ended  his  earthly  life  on  Sunday,  Aug.  15, 
1819. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say.  in  conclusion,  that  for 
abundance  of  labors  and  general  usefulness  the 
first  place  among  the  pioneer  Baptists  of  Georgia 
belongs  to  Abraham  Marshall. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  for  many  years 
pastor  of  the  First  African  church  of  Savannah, 
Ga.  He  was  born  in  South  Carolina  about  1755. 
He  was  owned  by  different  masters,  and  he  .icted 
as  "body-servant"  to  President  Washington  when 
he  visited  Savannah.  Andrew  was  a  witness  of 
many  of  the  exciting  events  of  the  .\nu>rioan  Rev- 
olution and  of  the  war  of  1S12,  and  in  the  latter 


MARSHALL 


750 


MARSHMAN 


■war  he  showed  a  patriotism  which  proved  him  to 
be  above  the  love  of  money. 

Andrew  purchased  liis  liberty  about  the  time  he 
was  (converted,  and  he  joined  the  church  in  1785, 
and  not  loni;  after  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  In 
1.S06  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  Savannah.  This  was  a  colored  church  :  the  First 
church  was  a  white  community,  of  which  Dr.  Henry 
Holcoiiibe  was  pastor.  Mr.  Marshall's  church  in- 
creased from  11)00  to  3000  members,  when  he  led 
off  a  colony  and  formed  the  First  African  church. 
Here  his  jjopularity  was  extraordinary,  and  his  in- 
fluence and  usefulness  unbounded.  Ilis  conj;re{;a- 
tions  were  overflowing ;  his  reputation  was  carried 
over  the  whole  country,  and  it  was  known  even 
in  Europe.  Andrew  Marshall  became  one  of  the 
noted  ministers  of  America.  Every  visitor  who 
came  to  Savannah  was  likely  to  hear  him,  and 
■when  he  was  going  to  officiate  in  Augusta,  Macon, 
or  Charleston,  throngs  greeted  his  ministrations, 
many  of  whom  were  respectable  white  persons.  It 
is  said  that  "  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  at  one  time 
gave  him  a  hearing  in  an  entire  body.'  Sir  Charles 
Lycll  and  Mi.ss  Frederika  Bremer  attended  his 
church,  and  published  sketches  of  him.  But  his 
wide-spread  fame  did  not  injure  him.  He  was  an 
intelligent  man,  and  he  was  deeply  pious;  he  had 
wonderful  executive  ability  in  managing  his  im- 
mense church  and  his  secular  business;  he  had 
great  good  sense  and  untiring  perseverance;  he 
was  endowed  with  a  keen  perception  and  with 
ready  arguments,  and  he  would  have  been  a  leader 
in  any  age  or  country. 

He  read  and  owned  many  books,  among  which 
was  Gill's  "Commentary,"'  which  shaped  his  the- 
ology and  gave  perseverance  and  stability  to  his 
converts. 

"His  voice  was  so  deep,  sonorous,  and  tender 
that  its  capacity  for  the  expression  of  pathos  was 
unsurpassed.'' 

He  baptized  nearly  four  thousand  converts. 

He  died  in  Riulimoii<l,  Va.,  Dec.  8,  IS.iG,  and  he 
was  buried  in  Savannah  on  the  14th  of  the  same 
month. 

"  An  immense  procession  about  a  mile  long,  with 
fifty-eight  carriages,  either  loaned  by  families  in 
the  city  to  their  servants  or  other  colored  friends, 
or  occupied,  as  in  many  instances,  by  respectable 
white  people  themselves,  followed  him  from  his 
church  to  his  grave."  So  Andrew  Marshall,  a 
colored  friend  of  law  and  order,  a  man  of  genius, 
a  grand  Calvinistical  Baptist,  a  man  upon  whose 
ministry  the  broad  seal  of  divine  approval  conspicu- 
ously rested,  was  honored  in  life  and  in  death  in 
his  native  South. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Asa  M.,  for  many  years  one  of 
the  most  beloved  ministers  of  Georgia,  was  born  in 
Jones  County,  Dec.  20,  1832,  of  parents  who  were 


pious  and  consistent  Baptists.  A.  M.  Marshall 
was  left  an  orphan  at  seven  ;  at  twenty  he  pro- 
fessed religion  and  united  with  the  church ;  en- 
tered the  Freshman  class  of  Mercer  in  1S56,  and 
graduated  in  1800,  studying  with  a  view  to  the 
ministry.  He  was  ordained  in  the  fall  of  1S6(>,  and 
in  the  following  year  liecame  chaplain  of  the  12th 
Ga.  Regiment,  and  served  through  the  entire  war, 
preaching  to  the  soldiers,  nursing  the  sick,  and 
taking  part  in  those  grand  revival  movements  that 
occurred  among  the  troops  which  i-esulted  in  the 
salvation  of  so  many.  After  the  war  he  returned 
home  and  entered  upon  pastoral  duty,  which  he 
has  continued  to  the  present  time,  serving  various 
churches  in  Putnam  and  Greene  Counties.  As  a 
preacher,  he  is  plain  and  unaffected,  earnest,  and 
forcible.  His  whole  aim  seemed  to  lie  to  edify  his 
churches,  hold  up  the  Cross,  and  win  souls  to 
Christ.  He  is  a  man  of  genuine  piety,  and  during 
his  entire  ministry  has  maintained  a  consistent  and 
godly  character.  He  is  a  strong  friend  of  missions 
and  Sunday-schools. 

Marshall,  Rev.  Jabez  P.,  eldest  son  of  Rev. 
Abraham  Marshall,  was  converted  after  leading  a 
wild  life  in  youth,  and  became  an  able  and  useful 
minister.  He  succeeded  his  father  in  charge  of  the 
Kiokee  church,  which  he  served  usefully  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1832,  closing  a  period  of 
sixty  years,  during  which  father,  son,  and  grand- 
son presided  over  the  same  church.  He  wrote  a 
life  of  his  father,  and  served  as  clerk  of  the  Georgia 
Association  for  a  number  of  years. 

Marshall,  Rev.  William,  belonged  to  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  families  of  Virginia,  and 
one  that  has  been  equally  famous  in  Kentucky. 
He  w.as  a  brother  of  Col.  Thomas  Marshall,  so 
noted  among  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  and  an 
uncle  of  Chief-Justice  John  Marshall  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  He  w.as  born  in  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.,  in  1735.  He  grew  up  to  be  a  bril- 
liant young  man,  and  gave  himself  much  to  fash- 
ionable amusements.  Upon  his  marriage  with  the 
daughter  of  Rev.  John  Pickett,  a  pioneer  Baptist 
minister  of  that  region,  he  was  brought  under  the 
influence  of  the  gospel.  In  1708  he  was  converted 
and  baptized.  In  a  short  time  he  began  to  preach 
with  mighty  power,  and  multitudes  were  converted. 
He  was  a  singularly  gifted  orator,  and  continued 
tojabor  here  afjout  twelve  years.  Meanwhile  he 
was  ordained,  and  became  pastor  of  South  River 
church.  As  early  as  1780  he  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  settled  in  Lincoln  County.  He  was 
active  and  diligent  in  the  ministry,  and  in  a  short 
time  .aided  in  building  up  a  number  of  churches. 
After  a  few  years  lie  settled  in  Shelby  County, 
where  he  raised  up  Fox  Run  church,  and  became 
its  pastor.     He  died  in  1813. 

Marshman,  John  C,  son  of  the  distinguished 


MAIiSHMAN 


751 


MARSH  MAN 


missionary,  Dr.  Marsliman,  of  Serampore,  accom- 
panied liiH  parents  to  India  in  early  cliildliood,  and 
spent  many  years  in  that  country  in  various  secular 
employments,  especially  identifying  himself  with 
Christian  journalism.  While  a  mere  boy  he  de- 
voted liimself  with  remarkable  zeal  and  fidelity  to 
the  work  in  which  the  Serampore  missionaries 
were  engaged.  In  conjunction  with  liis  father  he 
labored  in  producing  the  Chinese  version  of  the 
Scriptures.  He  established  the  first  paper-making 
works  in  India,  issued  the  first  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  the  Bengali  language,  and  founded  the 
Knglish  weekly  newspaper,  the  Friend  of  liidid, 
which  in  his  hands  became  one  of  the  most  influ- 
ential journals  in  the  world,  and  a  potent  factor 
for  good  in  the  Indian  dependencies  of  the  British 
crown.  In  its  early  days  this  newspaper  escaped 
suppression  from  the  British  authorities  by  the 
protection  of  the  Danish  government,  under  whose 
flag  it  was  published  at  Serampore.  It  was  out- 
spoken in  its  denunciation  of  official  misdoings, 
and  fearlessly  advocated  the  civil  rights  of  the 
native  population.  But  whilst  Mr.  Marshman  con- 
tinued to  be  a  layman  he  did  efficient  work  in 
connection  with  the  Baptist  missions,  especially 
devoting  himself  to  the  interests  of  Christian  edu- 
cation. He  gave  a  very  large  proportion  of  his 
increasing  income  year  by  year  to  the  maintenance 
of  Serampore  College  and  other  educational  insti- 
tutions. He  became  in  later  life  the  friend  and 
trusted  adviser  of  the  government  in  important 
affairs,  and  few  men  exercised  a  greater  influence 
upon  the  rulers  and  the  ruled.  His  literary  labors 
also  procured  him  high  standing.  The  lives  of 
Carey,  Marshman,  and  Ward,  together  with  his 
history  of  India,  will  long  perpetuate  his  name, 
llis  eminent  services  were  recognized  by  the  Kng- 
lish government  by  the  bestowment  of  the  honor 
of  C.S.I.  (Companion  of  the  Order  of  the  Star  of 
India).  He  spent  the  closing  years  of  life  in  his 
native  land,  enjoying  the  esteem  of  a  large  circle 
of  friends,  and  serving  the  cause  of  Christian  mis- 
sions and  philanthropy.  lie  died  July  8,  1877,  in 
his  eighty-third  year,  and  was  followed  to  his  grave 
by  many  <listinguishe(l  men,  including  Lord  Law- 
rence, formerly  governor-general  of  India,  and  other 
famous  Anglo-Indian  statesmen,  who  had  person- 
ally known  his  character  and  worth.  Mr.  Marsh- 
man's  views  concerning  missionary  methods  of 
operation  occasioned  much  discussion.  He  held 
with  tenacity  the  opinion  that  India  an<l  the  other 
Kastern  nations  could  not  be  converted  to  Chris- 
tianity by  Europeans,  and  that  the  business  of  mis- 
sionaries was  to  raise  up  "  native  apostles."  When 
he  died  he  was  engaged  upon  a  series  of  biog- 
raphies of  the  viceroys  of  India,  a  work  for  which 
ho  was  universally  regarded  as  better  qualified 
than  any  man  living. 


Marshman,  Joshua,  D.D.,  was  born  at  West- 
bury  Leigh,  •\Viltsliins  England,  April  20,  1768. 
lie  received  such  education  as  the  village  school 
aflbrded,  and  eagerly  peru.sed  all  the  books  that  came 
within  his  reach.  His  love  of  reading  was  so  no- 
torious, that  when  he  proposed  to  join  the  Baptist 
church,  the  members  were  afraid  he  had  too  much 
head  knowledge  of  the  gospel  to  have  much  heart 
experience  of  it,  but  their  apprehensions  in  time 
p.assed  away.  In  1794  he  removed  to  Bristol  to 
take  charge  of  a  school  supported  by  the  Broadmead 
Baptist  church,  and  was  soon  afterwards  baptized 
and  received  into  church  fellowship.  He  joined  the 
classes  of  the  theological  seminary,  and  for  up- 
wards of  five  years  studied  the  classics,  and  also 
Hebrew  and  Syriac.  The  periodical  accounts 
which  recorded  the  labors  of  Carey  awakened  in 
him  a  missionary  spirit,  and  in  1799  he  and  his 
wife  offered  themselves  for  service  in  India.  Three 
other  missionaries  emliarked  with  him  in  an  Amer- 
ican ship,  the  "  Criterion,"  on  the  29th  of  May, 
1799,  and  landed  at  Serampore  on  October  13, 
seeking  protection  under  the  Danish  flag  from  their 
anti-missionary  countrymen  in  Calcutta.  When 
the  authorities  found  that  the  missionaries  had  ar- 
rived without  a  permit  from  the  India  House,  they 
threatened  Capt.  Wickes,  of  the  "Criterion,"  that 
his  vessel  should  be  refused  entry  unless  the  four 
missionaries  appeared  at  the  police-office,  and  en- 
tered into  engagements  to  return  forthwith  to  Eng- 
land. Representations  were,  however,  made  to  the 
governor-general,  Lord  Wellesley,  which  resulted  in 
the  abandonment  of  all  hostile  proceedings  against 
the  vessel,  but  the  missionaries  were  compelled  to 
remain  at  Serampore.  After  the  establishment  of 
the  mission  in  Serampore,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Slarshraan 
opened  boarding-schools,  which  soon  attracted  large 
numbers  of  scholars,  and  were  a  source  of  perma- 
nent income  to  the  mission.  In  association  with 
Mr.  Marshman,  Carey  labored  on  translations  of 
the  Scriptures,  preaching,  and  other  missionary 
work.  In  1806,  Mr.  Marshman  commenced  the 
study  of  Chinese,  with  the  view  of  translating  the 
Scriptures  into  that  language,  and,  after  fifteen 
years  of  arduous  toil,  he  carried  through  the  press 
the  first  Chinese  Bilile.  He  received  the  diploma 
of  D.D.  from  Brown  University  in  June,  1811.  In 
1814  he  published  "Key  to  the  Chinese  Lan- 
guage," towards  the  expense  of  which  the  govern- 
ment of  India  voted  £1000.  On  the  31st  of  May, 
1818,  the  first  newspaper  ever  printed  in  any  East- 
ern language  was  issued  from  the  Serampore  press, 
and  was  very  popular  among  the  natives.  After 
the  death  of  Dr.  Carey,  his  already  enfeebled  con- 
stitution gave  way,  and  although  he  rallied  for  a 
time,  the  capacity'  for  work  was  exhausted.  He 
died  on  Dee.  4,  1837,  and  his  remains  were  laid  in 
the  cemetery  with  his  departed  colleagues. 


.VAKSTON 


752 


MARTIN 


Marston,  Rev.  Charles  C,  i>iistor  of  the  Bap- 
tist chinch  in  Clinton,  Wis.,  a  native  of  WestMed- 
way,  Mass.,  was  born  in  1849.  Wlien  he  was  but 
a  child  his  parents  removed  to  Washington  Co., 
Iowa.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  made  a  public  ])ro- 
fession  of  faith  in  Christ.  His  parents  were  Bap- 
tists, and  lie  had  been  from  early  youth  instructed 
in  this  faith.  But  no  Baptist  church  had  yet  been 
organized  in  the  vicinity  where  he  resided,  and  he 
united  with  the  Winebrennarians, — a  denomination 
holding  views  of  foith  and  practice  in  some  re- 
spects similar  to  those  of  Baptists.  By  tliera  Mr. 
Marston  was  licensed  in  1865,  and  ordained  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry  in  1866.  He  held  pastorates 
at  Boiling  Springs,  Spring  Grove,  and  Lanark, 
111.  In  1876  he  united  with  the  Michigan  Avenue 
Baptist  church  of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  since  been 
fully  identified  with  the  Baptist  denomination.  He 
completed  the  usual  course  of  study  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  preaching  for  the  Norwood  Park 
Baptist  church  while  prosecuting  his  studies  in  the 
university.  In  1878,  having  been  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Clinton,  Wis.,  he 
removed  to  that  place,  which  continues  to  be  his 
field  of  labor.  His  ministry  has  been  more  than 
usually  successful,  having  been  attended  with  re- 
vivals of  considerable  power.  He  is  doctrinal  in 
his  preaching,  a  close  student  of  the  Bible,  and  one 
of  the  promising  young  ministers  of  the  State. 

Uarston,  S.  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  York  Co., 
5It'..  -Inly  23,  1S12().  He  studied  in  academies  in 
Maine  and  Xew  Hampshire,  and  for  four  years  in 
New  Hampton  Institute,  and  graduated  with  honor 
in  1852.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Abner  Mason 
in  1847,  in  Medway,  Mass. ;  was  pastor  at  Brook- 
field  in  1852,  and  in  18.5.3  went  South  for  his  health, 
and  in  a  short  time  returneil  to  Middleborough, 
Mass.,  and  taught  two  years,  and  preached  during 
this  time  at  Xew  Bedford.  Subsequently  he  taught 
in  Greenville,  111.,  and  in  Burlington,  Iowa.  In 
1860  he  became  pastor  at  Plainfield,  III.  In  1865 
he  took  charge  of  the  Boonville  Institute  in  Mis- 
souri. In  1868  he  began  his  Sunday-school  labors 
in  Missouri,  and  in  five  years  he  increased  the  num- 
ber of  Baptist  schools  from  74  to  603,  and  organ- 
ized a  Sunday-school  Convention  in  each  of  the  59 
Associations  of  the  State,  auxiliary  to  the  State 
Sunday-school  Convention,  of  which  he  was  the 
secretary.  In  October,  1873,  he  became  superin- 
tendent of  State  missions  for  Missouri,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  for  three  years,  and  then  was  appointed 
by  President  Grant  United  States  agent  for  57,000 
civilized  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory,  whose 
afl'airs  he  managed  with  great  satisfaction  to  the 
government.  In  l.'<79  he  was  appointed  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  superin- 
tendent of  freedmen's  missions  in  the  South,  which 
position  he  now  holds.     Dr.  Marston  is  a  thorough 


Baptist,  a  logical  thinker,  an  able  preacher,  and  a 
successful  minister  of  Jesus. 

Martin,  Rev.  A.  F.,  was  borh  in  1812  in  Mis- 
souri, and  converted  in  1830 ;  has  been  preaching 
forty-seven  years  in  Linn  Co.,  Mo. ;  has  served  as 
missionary  of  the  General  Association  of  Missouri, 
and  performed  evangelistic  work,  through  which 
many  have  been  converted.  He  was  ordained  in 
1833.  His  parents  were  constituent  members  of 
the  Fee  Fee  church,  St.  Louis  County,  and  his 
brother.  Dr.  Martin,  was  a  constituent  member  of 
the  Fourth  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis. 

Martin,  Hon.  Isaac  L.,  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  .J.,  Jan.  11,  1829.  He  early  en- 
tered into  business  with  his  father,  a  merchant  in 
his  native  city.  After  years  of  success  his  father 
transferred  the  business  to  his  sons.  Mr.  Isaac 
Martin  has  long  been  a  director  of  the  National 
Bank  of  New  Jersey  and  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Fire  Insurance  Company.  After  serving  in  the 
Legislature  two  terms  he  was,  in  1879,  elected  sena- 
tor from  Middlesex  County  for  three  years.  Mr. 
Martin  while  yet  a  youth  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  cliui'cli  in  New  Brunswick  ;  has  been  in 
the  board  of  trustees,  the  Sunday-school,  and  other 
departments  of  church  work. 

Martin,  Rev.  James,  B.A.  (of  London  Univer- 
sity), late  president  of  the  Baptist  Association,  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  and  distinguished  among  scholars 
and  theologians  for  his  translations  from  the  Ger- 
man, was  born  in  London,  England,  in  September, 
1821,  and  at  an  early  age  joined  the  church  at 
Hackney.  He  studied  at  Stepney  College,  and  then 
proceeded  to  Bonn,  in  Germany.  Having  com- 
pleted his  course  with  success,  he  settled  first  at 
Lymington,  and  subsequently  at  Stockport,  Edin- 
burgh, and  Nottingham.  During  his  nine  years' 
pastorate  at  Nottingham  he  rose  rapidly  to  distinc- 
tion as  a  preacher  and  theologian.  He  translated 
upwards  of  twenty  volumes  of  Clark's  Foreign 
Theological  Library,  including  several  of  the  best 
works  of  Keil,  Delitzsch,  Kurtz,  Ebrard,  and  Heng- 
stenberg.  In  1869  he  received  a  pressing  call  from 
Melbourne,  Australia,  which  at  length  he  accepted. 
The  position  involved  the  honor  and  responsibility 
of  denominational  leadership  in  that  rapidly  grow- 
ing city  and  colony,  and  high  expectations  were 
cherished  by  all  who  knew  him,  which,  in  his  brief 
Australian  career,  were  in  no  scanty  measure  ful- 
filled. But  in  the  full  tide  of  success  and  honor 
he  was  stricken  down,  and  died  Feb.  13,  1877,  in 
his  fifty-sixth  year.  Both  in  England  and  Australia 
his  death  was  keenly  felt  as  a  severe  bereavement 
to  the  denomination  and  the  Christian  church  at 
large.  Mr.  Martin  published  little  except  an  able 
treatise  on  "  The  Origin  and  History  of  the  New 
Testament." 

Martin,  Rev.  M.T.,  proprietor  of  JSap<is<  .Record, 


MARTIN 


753 


MARYLAND 


Jackson,  Miss.,  was  born  in  1842;  was  nine  years 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Mississippi  College ; 
acted  as  agent  of  the  college  after  the  war :  re- 
deemed the  property  from  mortgage  ;  added  SaO.OOO 
to  the  endowment,  and  extinguished  an  incumbrance 
in  the  form  of  scholarships,  amounting  to  !542,OUO  ; 
began  to  preach  in  1S77,  and  is  one  of  the  most  effi- 
cient ev:tni;i'li.sts  in  tlje  State. 

Martin,  Rev.  Robert,  a  prominent  minister  in 
North  LouisianaAssociation,  La.,wasborn  in  South 
Carolina  in  1814;  began  to  preach  in  Georgia  in 
1841  ;  removed  to  Bossier  Parish,  La.,  in  1852,  and 
became  the  successful  missionary  of  the  Baptist 
State  Convention,  and  was  instrumental  in  plant- 
ing most  of  the  churches  in  Bossier  Parish.  After 
three  years  in  this  relation  he  became  supply  for  a 
number  of  the  churches  which  were  planted  by  his 
instrumentality,  and  he  has  since  labored  in  that 
capacity,  supplying  Salem,  New  Hope,  Sarepta, 
and  .'Spring  ]?r;ineli,  in  the  parish  nf  Bossier. 

Martin,  Rev.  Samuel  Sanford,  wa.s  born 
April  15,  1820,  in  Colisville,  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y., 
and  was  baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  After  a 
three  years"  course  at  Hamilton,  he  was  ordained  at 
Colisville.  Sept.  27,  1843.  Removing  to  Illinois, 
he  became  pastorof  the  Knoxville,  now  (ialcsburg, 
Baptist  church.  His  pastorates  since  have  been  at 
Lamoille,  where  he  helped  to  build  the  first  Bap- 
tist house  of  worship,  at  Dixon,  Tremont,  Delavan, 
— where  also  under  his  labors  the  first  meeting- 
house was  built,  and  Rev.  D.  H.  Drake,  missionary 
to  Kurnool,  India,  was  baptized, — AVasliington. 
Forest  City, — a  church  being  here  gathered, — and 
San  Jos6.  Mr.  Martin  is  numbered  with  those  in 
Illinois  whose  chief  work  has  been  the  laying  of 
foundations. 

Martin,  William  E.,  A.M.,  principal  of  the 
Univt'rsifv  Aeaclcniy.  Lowisbuig,  Pa.,  was  born  in 
May,  1845,  in  Saltsburg,  Indiana  Co.,  Pa.  Here 
he  received  his  academic  training.  In  1868  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Azariah  Shadrach,  and  united 
with  the  Saltsburg  Baptist  church.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  entered  the  Junior  class  in  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1871. 

After  a  year  spent  in  teaching  in  the  pre- 
paratory department  of  the  university,  he  entered 
the  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  in  fulfillment 
of  his  original  purpose  to  prepare  himself  for  the 
ministry.  After  a  single  session,  howevei',  he  wiis 
recalled  to  the  work  of  instruction  at  Lewis- 
burg. He  was  principal  of  the  English  Academy 
until  1878,  when  the  classical  and  English  depart- 
ments of  the  preparatory  work  of  the  university 
were  consolidated  into  the  University  Academy, 
with  Principal  Martin  at  its  head.  He  has  been 
very  earnest  in  his  purpose  to  elevate  the  standard 
of  scholarship.     Under  his  excellent  management. 


and  with  his  constant  and  self-denying  labors,  the 
academy  is  a  success. 

Maryland,  The  Baptists  of.— The  first  Baptist 
church  in  Maryland  was  formed  in  1742,  at  Chest- 
nut Ridge,  about  ten  miles  north  of  Baltimore  City. 
Its  founder  was  Henry  Sator,  or  Sater,  a  General 
Baptist,  who  came  from  England  in  1709.  It  has 
ever  since  been  known  as  "  Sater' s"  church.  It 
has  a  small  brick  meeting-house  in  a  beautiful 
grove  of  about  four  acres,  containing  numerous 
graves  of  the  Baptist  fathers  and  their  descendants. 
This  church  at  first  increased  rapidly.  In  four 
years  it  numbered  181  members,  and  extended  into 
Opeckon  and  Ketockton,  in  Virginia.  In  1754  a 
church,  principally  originating  from  Sater's,  was 
founded  at  Winter  Run,  in  Harford  County,  which 
has  since  borne  the  name  of  the  Harford  church. 
For  forty  years  it  was  under  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
Rev.  John  Davis,  who  died  in  1809,  in  the  eighty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age,  venerated  and  beloved.  "  Sa- 
ter's'' became  nearly  extinct  under  Antinomian 
influence,  and  is  now  a  very  feeble  body. 

The  First  Baptist  church  of  Baltimore  was  or- 
ganized Jan.  15,  1785,  with  11  members,  all  of 
whom,  except  Its  pastor,  the  Rev.  Lewis  Richards, 
were  dismissed  from  the  Harford  church.  From 
the  Harford  church  also  arose  the  churches  at 
Taneytown  and  Gunpowder.  The  First  church 
worshiped  until  1817  in  a  small  house  on  the 
corner  of  Front  and  Fayette  Streets.  In  that  year 
they  completed  the  edifice  in  Sharp  Street,  so  long 
known  as  the  "  Old  Round-top,''  at  a  cost  of 
S5(),00() ;  but  the  debt  thereby  incurred  was  not 
entirelj-  removed  for  thirty -five  years,  and  seriously 
hindered  the  prosperity  of  the  church.  During 
ninety-five  years  it  hsis  had  only  five  pastors, 
viz. :  Lewis  Richards,  thirty-three  years ;  E.  J. 
Rcis,  three  years ;  John  Finlay,  thirteen  years ; 
Stephen  P.  Hill,  sixteen  years:  and  J.  AV.  M.  Wil- 
liams, the  present  pastor,  nearly  thirty  years. 
From  it  originated  several  churches,  principally 
the  Waverly  church,  and  the  Seventh  church  in 
1845,  and  the  Lee  Street  church  in  18.54.  In  the 
year  1878,  the  vicinity  of  the  meeting-house  having 
become  almost  entirely  occupied  by  warehouses, 
the  church  removed  to  Lafayette  Avenue,  near  Tre- 
mont Street,  where,  in  a  new  and  beautiful  house 
of  white  marble,  renewed  prosperity  has  been  en- 
joyed. 

The  Second  church  of  Baltimore  was  founded  in 
1797,  by  Elder  -John  Healey.  from  Leicester,  Eng- 
land, who  with  five  others  came  to  Baltimore  in 
1795.  Elder  Ilealey  remained  as  pastor  for  more 
than  finy  years,  and  died  June  19,  1848.  To  this 
church  belongs  the  honor  of  having  established  the 
first  Sunday-school  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  in  the 
year  1804. 

The  High  Street  Baptist  church  was  constituted 


MARYLAND 


754 


MARYLAND 


Feb.  14,  1835,  of  W  members,  six  of  whom  were 
Wm.  Crane  and  his  family,  and  two,  the  Rev.  J.  G. 
Binney,  its  first  pastor,  and  his  wife.  It  was  at  first 
called  the  "  Calvert  Street  church."  Mr.  Binney 
remained  but  a  few  months,  and  in  January,  1836, 
the  llev.  George  F.  Adams  became  the  pastor,  and 
continued  as  such  fur  about  seven  years,  during 
which  time  the  church  increased  to  nearly  300 
members.  In  1843,  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Aldrich 
succeeded  Mr.  Adams,  and  in  1844  the  church  left 
the  Calvert  Street  house  and  built  a  new  one  on 
High  Street,  first  occupied  in  November  of  1845. 
A  crushing  debt  had  been  incurred  in  its  erection, 
and  in  July;  1846,  the  pastor  resigned  and  the 
house  was  odered  for  sale.  After  months  of  anxious 
.solicitude  relief  was  obtained  by  the  concessions  of 
creditors,  the  extra  eflTorts  of  the  church,  the  liber- 
ality of  friends,  and  the  election  of  a  pastor,  the 
Rev.  Frankin  AVilson,  who  served  without  salary, 
thus  permitting  the  entire  income  to  aid  in  reducing 
the  debt.  In  November.  1850,  a  disease  of  the 
throat  compelled  Dr.  AV'ilson  to  suspend  his  labors  ; 
but,  in  a  large  measure  owing  to  his  liberality,  the 
house  was  saved,  and  the  church  has  continued  to 
prosper  under  his  successors,  the  Revs.  II.  J. 
Chandler,  John  Berg,  L.  W.  Seeley,  E.  R.  Ilera, 
Geo.  P.  Nice,  R.  B.  Kelsay,  M.  R.  Watkinson,  and 
J.  T.  Craig.  The  above  named  may  rightly  be 
called  the  "mother-churches,"  as  most  of  the  others 
(except  the  Nanjemoy  and  Good  Hope  churches  in 
Charles  County)  sprang  from  them  either  directly 
or  indirectly. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  Salisbury  Association,  on  the  eastern  shore 
of  the  Chesapeake  Baj-,  was  formed  in  1782,  under 
Elijah  Baker  and  Philip  Hughes.  It  probably 
never  had  over  (50O  members,  and,  having  adopted 
anti-mission  views,  has  almost  dwindled  into  non- 
entity. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Baltimore  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation  was  held  at  Frcdericktown,  in  August, 
1793.  Six  churches,  with  226  members,  were  rep- 
resented there.  It  increased  slowly,  until,  in 
1820,  it  had  18  churches,  with  1362  members.  It 
was  decidedly  in  favor  of  domestic  and  foreign 
missionary  operations  for  more  than  forty  years, 
with  a  few  dissentients  on  the  part  of  some  pas- 
tors and  churches.  The  anti-missionary  spirit 
culminated  at  the  meeting  held  in  May,  1836,  at 
Black  Rock,  in  the  adoption,  by  a  vote  of  sixteen 
to  nine,  of  resolutions  against  '"  uniting  with 
worldly  societies,"  and  in  a  declaration  of  non-fel- 
lowship with  those  who  had  done  so.  By  •'  worldly 
societies''  were  meant  missionary,  Sabbath-school, 
Bible,  tract,  and  temperance  societies.  The  Asso- 
ciation was  at  once  divided,  and  the  two  sections 
have  since  h,ad  only  a  nominal  existence. 

2%e  Maryland  Baptist  Union  Association  was  or- 


ganized Oct.  27,  18.36.  with  only  0  churches,  4  min- 
isters, and  345  members.  The  ministers  were  Ste- 
phen P.  Ilill.  Geo.  F.  Adams,  Tlios.  Leahman,  and 
■Joseph  Mettam.  From  the  beginning  it  was  a  mis- 
sionary body,  and  in  favor  of  all  the  objects  de- 
nounced by  the  "Black  Rock"  resolutions.  For 
many  years  it  included  several  churches  in  the  Dis- 
trict (if  Columbia;  but  in  187"  six  white  churches 
there  withdrew  to  form  a  separate  Association,  and 
in  187'J  the  few  colored  churches  of  the  District  also 
withdrew,  so  that  the  Association  is  now  confined 
to  Maryland  alone.  Its  present  statistics  will  be 
found  below.  The  largest  number  ever  reported 
was  in  1877,  before  the  withdrawal  of  the  District 
churches,  viz.,  51  ministers,  60  churches,  10,716 
members.  Nearly  all  the  churches  outside  of  Bal- 
timore have  been  aided  more  or  less  by  its  contribu- 
tions, and  several  of  those  within  the  city.  During 
the  forty-four  years  of  its  existence  it  has  dis- 
bursed, in  sustaining  missionaries  and  aiding  feeble 
churches,  §130,518,  besides  assisting  indirectly  in 
the  erection  of  a  large  number  of  meeting-houses, 
the  education  of  young  men  for  the  ministry,  the 
support  and  endowment  of  the  Columl)ian  Univer- 
sity, and  the  distributicm  of  Bibles  and  religious 
publications.  A  weekly  paper,  the  True  Union,  was 
originated  under  its  auspices  in  1850,  and  continued 
until  suspended  by  the  war  in  1861.  Afterwards, 
in  1865,  the  Maryland  Baptist,  a  monthly,  was 
issued  for  one  year.  Subsequently,  the  Rev.  0.  F. 
Flippo  for  several  years  published  a  monthly, — the 
Baptl.it  Visitor.  The  Association  has  an  invested 
fund  of  !?1 1,205  derived  from  special  legacies,  a 
"Superannuated  Ministers'  and  Widows'  Fund" 
of  S3061.22,  and  a  "  Church  Building  Loan  Fund'' 
of  ?606.81. 

The  Baltimore  Baptist  Church- Extension  Society, 
organized  in  1854,  has  been  of  much  value  in  plant- 
ing churches  in  the  city.  The  Lee  Street  and  Frank- 
lin Square  meeting-houses  were  built  under  its  au- 
spices, and  more  recently  the  Leadenhall  Street 
house;  and  a  new  and  handsome  edifice  for  the 
First  Colored  church  has  been  partly  erected  by 
this  society  aiding  the  members  of  the  church. 
The  recent  progress  of  the  colored  Baptists  in  Bal- 
timore has  been  wonderful.  The  First  church, 
founded  in  1836,  had  only  80  luemljcrs  in  1868, 
after  an  existence  of  thirty-two  years  ;  it  now  has 
350.  In  1848,  the  Rev.  Noah  Davis,  then  a  slave 
in  Virginia,  was  aided  by  Baltimore  Baptists  in 
purchasing  his  freedom.  He  became  a  missionary 
of  the  Association,  and  a  small  church  was  organ- 
ized under  his  ministry  in  1852.  That  church, 
united  with  fragments  of  others,  has  now  grown  to  be 
the  largest  one  in  the  Association ;  and  the  colored 
Baptists,  who,  twelve  yeai'S  ago,  were  comprised  in 
2  churches,  with  273  members,  have  now  5  churches, 
with  2726  members. 


MAliiLAXD 


MASOiV 


REVIVALS. 

Many  revivals  have  occurred  at  intervals  in  sepa- 
rate churches,  but  some  have  had  a  general  and 
marked  influence  on  the  denomination.  The  first 
was  in  1!S39,  when  the  additions  by  baptism  (006) 
were  more  numerous  than  the  whole  previous  ag- 
gregate of  members  (060).  In  18.5"  the  baptisms 
reported  were  5.59.  From  1870  to  the  present  time 
(except  in  1871-72)  the  annual  additions  have 
ranged  from  531  to  1085. 

EMINENT   MINISTERS. 

This  sketch  would  be  very  incomplete  without 
further  reference  to  at  least  two  brethren  whose 
labors,  under  God.  have  been  greatly  blessed  in 
building  up  the  cause  of  truth  in  Maryland, — the 
Rev.  George  F.  Adams  and  Richard  Fuller.  To 
Brother  Adams  was  largely  due  the  origin  of  the 
Maryland  Baptist  Union  Association.  As  pastor 
of  two  churches  in  the  city,  and  two  or  three  in 
the  country,  as  general  State  missionary  for  sev- 
eral years,  as  editor,  historian,  as  a  faithful,  zeal- 
ous, wise,  consistent,  devoted  man  of  God,  his 
labors  and  his  character  contributed  much  to  the 
extension  of  our  principles  and  the  establishment 
of  the  churches  in  the  faith.  He  died  April  16, 
1877,  universally  lamented,  leaving  V)ehind  him  a 
precious  memory,  and  a  rich  treasure  in  the  "'  His- 
tory of  the  Maryland  Churches,''  carefully  prepared 
by  him. 

The  Rev.  Richard  Fuller,  D.D.,  entered  upon  the 
pastorate  of  the  Seventh  church,  Baltimore,  June 
1,  1847.  After  twenty-four  years"  labor  there, 
during  which  the  church  increased  from  104  to 
1170  members,  he  went  out,  in  1871.  with  1.34 
members,  to  establish  the  Eutaw  Place  church. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  October.  1876,  that  church 
had  increased  to  468  members.  But  his  usefulness 
must  not  be  measured  bv  the  hundreds  converted 
and  baptized  under  his  ministry.  The  influence 
of  his  noble  character,  his  splendid  talents,  his  im- 
passioned eloquence,  his  fame  as  one  of  the  greatest 
pulpit  orators  of  the  age,  his  powerful  advocacy  of 
every  philanthropic  and  Christian  enterprise,  did 
much  to  give  his  beloved  denomination  and  the 
truth  it  maintains  a  higher  estimate  in  the  public 
minil,  and  to  win  for  it  a  wider  sway.  Such  trans- 
cendent abilities  so  thoroughly  consecrated  to  Jesus, 
and  permitted  for  nearly  thirty  years  to  shed  their 
sacred  lustre  upon  Baltimore  and  the  surrounding 
country,  formed  indeed  one  of  the  richest  gifts  of. 
God  to  the  Baptists  of  Maryland. 

Quite  a  large  number  of  ministers  have  gone 
forth  from  the  Maryland  Baptist  churches,  many 
of  them  to  do  good  in  other  States.  Among  them 
are  the  honored  names  of  Spencer  II.  Cone.  Bar- 
tholomew T.  Welsh,  Wm.  Carey  Crane,  Elijah  S. 
Dulin.  Noah  Davis,  the  founder  of  the  American 


Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  Benjamin  Griffith, 
for  so  many  years  its  efficient  corresponding  secre- 
tary ;  the  missionaries  Rosewell  II.  Graves,  Brethren 
Bond  and  Rohrer,  whose  mysterious  loss  at  sea  oc- 
casioned such  profound  sorrow  ;  -J.  L.  Holmes,  mur- 
dered by  the  rebels  in  China;  Jno.  A.  McKean,  J. 
II.  Phillips,  J.  B.  T.  Patterson,  Levi  Thorne,  Isaac 
Cole,  S.  C.  Borton,  J.  W.  T.  Boothe.  J.  L.  Lodge, 
J.  T.  Beckley,  C,  J.  Thompson,  Richard  B.  Cook, 
J.  II.  Brittain,  George  McCullough,  II.  W.  Wyer, 
W.  S.  Crowley,  and  many  others. 

CONDITION   IN   1S80. 

Nearly  all  the  Baptist  churches  in  Maryland  are 
connected  with  the  Maryland  Union  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation. At  its  session  in  Xovember,  187'.',  reports 
were  received  from  47  churches,  14  of  them  being 
in  Baltimore  City,  and  33  in  the  country  or  in  the 
sm.iller  towns.  The  strength  of  the  denomination  is 
in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  Ten  of  the  city  churches 
are  white,  numbering  3641  members  ;  four  colored, 
numbering  2686  members.  Twenty-three  of  the 
other  churches  are  white,  numbering  1386  mem- 
bei-s  ;  tpn  colored,  numbering  605.  In  other  words, 
there  are  in  Maryland  8318  Baptists,  of  whom  5027 
are  white,  3291  colored.  Of  these,  6327  are  in  14 
churches  in  Baltimore,  averaging  over  452  mem- 
bers to  each  church,  while  only  1991  are  in  the  33 
churches  of  the  State  at  large,  averaging  about  60 
members  to  each  church.  The  largest  church  is 
the  Union  Colored  church  of  Baltimore,  with  1497 
members.  The  largest  white  church  is  the  Seventh, 
with  590  members,  though  several  others  nearly 
equal  it:  for  instance,  the  First  church,  528;  the 
Eutaw  Place,  519;  the  Franklin  Square,  494;  the 
High  Street,  438  ;  the  Lee  Street,  407  ;  the  SecoDd, 
Broadway,  328. 

All  the  city  churches  have  good  substantial 
houses  of  worship,  none  very  large,  but  several  of 
considerable  architectural  beauty.  They  are  well 
located,  at  proper  distances  from  each  other,  so  as 
to  reach  all  parts  of  the  city.  All  except  four,  one 
German  and  one  colored,  are  self-supporting  and 
liberal  in  benevolent  contributions.  With  each  is 
connected  a  flourishing  Sunday-school. 

Many  of  the  churches  in  the  State  are  not  well 
located.  Of  the  23  white  churches  only  7  are  in 
towns  or  cities  of  over  2000  population,  the  re- 
mainder being  in  small  villages  or  country  places. 
All  of  them  have  suitable  meeting-houses,  generally 
paid  for.  Partly  for  want  of  material,  their  growth 
has  been  slow,  and  their  struggles  for  existence 
severe.     Several  have  become  extinct. 

Mason,  Alanson  P.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Cheshire, 
Mass.,  Jan.-  19,  1813.  He  was  graduated  from 
Madison  University  in  the  class  of  1836,  and  from 
the  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in  183S.  He 
was  pastor  of  four  churches  in  the  State  of  New 


MASON 


756 


MASON 


York, — Clockville,  Groton,  Bingliamton,  and  Wil- 
liamsburg, and  of  the  First  Baptist  churches  in 
Fall  River  and  Chelsea,  Mass.  After  serving  the 
latter  church  for  thirteen  years,  he  resigned  his 
pastorate  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  district  secre- 
tary for  New  England  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society.  In  this  position  he  is 
now  serving  his  thirteenth  year.  While  pastor  in 
Chelsea  he  was  for  seven  years  a  member  of  the 
board  of  overseers  of  Harvard  University  by  ap- 
pointment of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature.  He 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from 
Madison  University  in  1S59. 

Mason,  Rev.  Auguste  Francke,  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee,  Mich.,  was  born 
in  Clockville,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  17,  1839.  He  is  a  de- 
scendant of  sturdy  old  Samson  Mason,  a  dragoon 
of  the  republican  army  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  who 
came  to  America  in  16.50,  and  concerning  whom 
the  records  of  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  contain  the  follow- 
ing curious  mention  :  "  Dec.  9,  1G57. — It  was  voted 
that  Samson  Mason  should  have  free  liberty  to  so- 
journ with  us,  and  to  buy  house,  lands,  or  meadow, 
if  he  see  cause  for  his  settlement,  provided  that  he 
lives  peaceably  and  quietly."  Anabaptist  as  he 
was,  this  permission  was  regarded  a  peculiar  act 
of  grace  on  the  part  of  the  New  England  Puritans. 
For  generation  after  generation  the  descendants  of 
Samson  Mason  were  pastors  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Swanzey,  Mass.  The  Rev.  Alanson  P.  Mason, 
D.D,,  the  sixth  generation  from  the  old  Cromwell- 
ian,  and  Sarah  Robinson  Mason,  were  the  parents 
of  Auguste  Francke  Mason.  Mr.  Mason's  father, 
an  able  and  prominent  minister  of  the  Baptist 
church,  after  a  pastorate  at  Clockville,  N.  Y.,  was 
settled  for  six  years  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  thir- 
teen years  at  Chelsea,  Mass.  Mr.  Mason's  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  a  New  England  farmer,  and  a 
woman  of  superior  intelligence  and  great  force  of 
character.  She  was  educated  at  Mrs.  Willard's 
well-known  seminary,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  which  in- 
stitution .she  afterwards  became  a  teacher.  Mr. 
Mason  was  educated  at  Chelsea,  Mass.  After 
leaving  the  high  school  he  became  a  clerk  in  the 
counting-room  of  a  mercantile  house  in  Boston, 
where  his  energy  and  bu-siness  aptitude  pointed  to 
a  successful  career.  In  18.57,  during  the  great  re- 
ligious awakening,  he  was  the  sulijcct  of  deep  re- 
ligious convictions,  which  caused  him  to  withdraw 
from  mercantile  life  and  to  turn  his  attention  to 
the  gospel  ministry.  After  a  course  of  study  at 
Madison  University,  from  which  he  afterwards  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.M.,  he  was  ordained  at 
Barnstable,  Mass.,  in  June,  1S59.  Although  com- 
paratively a  young  man,  his  ministerial  labors  ex- 
tend over  a  period  of  nearly  twenty  years,  and 
have  been  attended  with  marked  success.  He  h.as 
been  settled  as  pastor  at  Meriden,  New  York  City, 


Leominster,  and  Washington,  D.  C.  Mr.  Ma.son 
is  an  earnest  and  forcible  speaker,  and  his  sermons 
exhibit  much  originality  of  thought  and  scholarly 
research. 

Mason,  Rev.  Darwin  N.,  was  born  in  Indiana, 
and  reared  in  Now  York,  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Erie,  on  a  farm.  He  graduated  at  the  State  Nor- 
mijl  School  in  Albany  in  18.56.  He  was  ordained, 
and  settled  as  pastor  at  Rochester,  Minn.,  in  1861  ; 
removed  to  Iowa  in  1868  ;  served  as  pastor  in 
Cedar  Falls,  as  principal  in  Des  Moines  University, 
as  pastor  in  Indianola,  Boone,  Marshalltown,  and 
Marion.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Iowa  Baptist 
State  Convention  1874-77.  Ho  has  been  in  his 
present  pastorate  at  Marion  since  1876. 

Mason,  Francis,  D.D.,  was  born  in  York,  Eng- 
land, April  2,  1799.  In  early  life  there  was  devel- 
oped in  him  a  remarkable  taste  for  mathematical 
studies.  A  love  for  the  English  classics  was  also 
awakened,  and  he  made  himself  familiar  with  the 
works  of  the  best  authors  in  his  native  tongue.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1818.  After  his  conversion 
he  could  not  rest  satisfied  with  the  routine  of  his 
daily  life.  He  wanted  to  do  noble  things  for  his 
Master.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  Oct.  1,  1827, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Newton  Theological 
Seminary  in  November  following.  Two  years 
afterwards  he  received  an  appointment  from  the 
executive  board  of  the  Missionary  Union,  and  sailed 
May  25,  18.30,  in  company  with  Rev.  E.  Kincaid 
and  wife,  for  Calcutta,  and  arrived  in  Maulniain  in 
November.  He  joined  Mr.  Bo.ardman  in  Tavoy  in 
1831,  and  was  with  him  during  the  last  weeks  of 
his  life,  administering  the  ordinance  of  baptism  to 
the  Karen  converts  on  the  memorable  occasion 
when,  as  a  dying  man,  the  worn-out  missionary 
reclined  on  the  banks  of  the  stream  in  whose  waters 
the  new  disciples  were  "  buried  with  Christ  by  bap- 
tism." Dr.  Mason's  connection  with  the  Tavoy 
mission  continued  for  about  twenty-two  and  a  half 
years,  or  one-half  nf  his  whole  missionary  life. 
While  at  Tavoy  Dr.  Mason's  life  was  an  exceed- 
ingly active  one.  and  the  visible  results  of  his 
labors  were  manifest  in  many  directions.  For  some 
time  the  superintendence  of  the  station  rested  on 
him.  A  seminary  for  the  education  of  teachers 
and  preachers  was  also  under  his  charge.  He 
translated  the  Scriptures  into  the  Sgau  Karen  and 
Pwo  Karen  languages.  He  also  made  his  collec- 
tions for  his  "  Notes  on  the  Fauna  and  Flora  of 
Burmah,"  published  in  18.52,  and  for  a  similar 
work  which  was  published  some  time  later. 

Dr.  Mason  having  obtained  permission  of  the 
board,  proceeded  to  Toungoo  to  commence  a  mission 
in  that  place,  where  he  arrived  Oct,  22,  1833,  In 
a  few  weeks  he  was  joined  by  San  Quala,  "  the 
Karen  apostle,''  and  two  assistants.  The  most  re- 
markable success  followed  the  labors  of  these  de- 


MASON 


Ihl 


MASON 


voted  missionaries.  Altliough  Dr.  Mason  was 
oliliged  to  leave  Biirmali  for  tliis  country  in  the 
early  part  of  LS54,  the  work  went  on  with  marvel- 
ous strides,  so  that  when,  three  years  later,  he 
returned  to  Toungoo,  there  were  2600  baptized 
Christians  and  35  churches  connected  with  the 
mission.  In  ten  years  from  the  establishment  of 
tlie  station  more  than  6000  converts  had  been  bap- 
tized and  126  churches  had  been  formed. 

In  the  midst  of  this  wonderful  prosperity  oc- 
curred those  singular  circumstances  which  those  who 
have  made  themselves  familiar  with  the  history  of 
this  mission  will  recall.  Mrs.  Mason,  the  wife  of 
Dr.  Mason,  came  under  the  influence  of  certain 
strange  delusions,  and  through  her. teachings  of  the 
new  converts  the  most  lamentable  defections  from 
the  simple  gospel  were  the  result.  The  peculiar 
hallucination  which  seemed  to  have  taken  posses- 
sion of  her  mind  was  this :  "  She  pretended  to  have 
found  the  language  in  which  God  spoke  to  Adam, 
the  '  God  language'  as  she  called  it,  in  the  em- 
broideries of  the  Karen  women's  dresses,  in  the 
pagodas,  and  other  appendages  of  Buddhist  wor- 
ship, and  claimed  that  all  nations  have  this  lan- 
guage, ami  that  what  is  needed  only  is  to  read  it 
according  to  the  key  which  she  stated  she  had  re- 
ceived." It  was  in  vain  that  the  executive  board 
protested  against  the  inculcation  of  these  wild 
vagaries,  and  set  forth  the  great  injury  which  the 
Karen  churches  must  suffer  from  the  propagation 
of  such  sentiments.  Dr.  Mason  did  not  see  fit  to 
interfere  in  the  matter,  and  there  was  no  alterna- 
tive but  that  his  connection  with  the  Missionary 
Union  must  cease.  For  a  little  more  than  seven 
years  this  separation  continued,  but  at  last  the 
extravagant  conduct  of  his  wife  forced  him  to 
believe  that  she  must  be  laboring  under  a  form  of 
insanity,  and  he  could  no  longer  sanction  the  course 
whic^h  she  was  pursuing.  His  relation  to  the  Mis- 
sionary Union  was  restored  July  11,  1871,  and  con- 
tinued harmonious  and  pleasant  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  3,  1874. 

From  the  foregoing  sketch  it  is  evident  that  Dr. 
Mason  was  no  common  man.  Placed  in  any  position 
he  could  not  fail  to  secure  respect  for  his  ability. 
He  created  a  new  literature  for  the  Karens,  giving 
to  them  the  Word  of  God  and  other  devout  and 
instructive  books  in  their  own  tongue.  He  was  a 
careful  observer  of  the  natural  history  of  the 
country  in  which  he  passed  so  many  years  of  his 
life.  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker,  an  eminent  English  natural- 
ist, says  of  his  "  Fauna  and  Flora,  etc.,  of  British 
Burmah  and  Pegu,''  "  F.  Mason,  D.D.,  has  made 
the  most  valuable  addition  to  the  history  of  the 
fauna  and  flora  of  British  Burmah  of  any  man  of 
modern  times."  In  many  respects  Dr.  Mason  will 
be  regarded  as  holding  a  first  place  in  the  ranks  of 
American  missionaries. 


Mason,  Rev.  J.  0.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Fort 
Ann,  Washington  Co.,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  2.^,  1813.  His 
parents  were  active  members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  lived  until  a  ripe  old  age.  Their  influence  and 
training  during  his  early  years  very  largely  moulded 
his  subsequent  life  and  character.  When  about  to 
enter  college,  in  his  eighteenth  year,  he  was  con- 
verted, and  began  to  prepare  for  the  gospel  min- 
istry. In  1833  he  became  a  student  in  the  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
graduating  in  1836.  Shortly  after  appointed  by 
the  Foreign  Mission  Board  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Creek  Indians  beyond  the  Mississippi.  lie  was  or- 
dained Aug.  30,  1838,  and,  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
started  for  his  field.  The  unsettled  state  of  the 
Indian  tribes  rendered  mission  work  almost  im- 
possible, and,  after  many  attempts  to  gain  a  foot- 
hold, he  was  compelled  to  abandon  it.  In  May, 
1840,  he  settled  as  pastor  at  Fort  Ann,  and  re- 
mained with  much  success  nearly  four  years. 
Sept.  1,  1844,  he  entered  upon  the  great  work  of 
his  life,  as  pastor  of  the  Bottskill  Baptist  church, 
in  Greenwich,  N.  Y^.  With  an  occasional  brief  in- 
termission on  account  of  ill  health,  he  has  labored 
with  this  honored  church  until  the  present  time. 
During  all  these  years  he  has  been  blessed  in  lead- 
ing souls  to  Christ  and  in  breaking  the  bread  of 
life  to  a  people  in  whose  hearts  he  is  held  with 
affectionate  regard. 

Mason,  Deacon  John  R.,  son  of  Deacon  Mason, 
of  Warren,  R.  I.,  is  a  member  of  the  Central  church, 
Oakland,  and  treasurer  of  the  California  Baptist 
State  Convention.  He  was  born  at  Warren,  K.  I., 
in  1826 ;  spent  some  years  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ; 
crossed  the  plains  for  California  in  1849  ;  and  has 
been  a  successful  merchant.  He  was  converted  in 
1868,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Ludlow,  and  has 
ever  been  active  in  church  and  denominational 
interests  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Mason,  Rev.  J.  P.,  was  bom  in  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C,  March  13,  1827  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  John.son 
Olive,  November,  1848  ;  ordained  in  January,  18J6, 
Revs.  G.  AV.  Purefoy,  B.  J.  Hackney,  and  Thomas 
Yarboro  forming  the  Presbytery.  Mr.  Mason  has 
served  Lystia  church  for  twenty-two  years,  and 
served  other  country  churches  nearly  as  long.  He 
is  a  good  pastor. 

Mason,  Prof.  Otis  Tufton,  was  born  in  East- 
port,  Me.,  April  10,  1838  ;  was  baptized  in  1856, 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Alexandria.  Va.,  in  1859. 
Prof  Mason  was  educated  at  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, where  he  graduated  in  1861  with  the  degree 
of  A.M.  From  that  time  to  the  present  he  has 
been  the  successful  principal  of  the  preparatory 
school  of  the  university.  He  is  superintendent  of 
the    Sunday-school  of  the    First    Baptist   church, 


MASON 


758 


MASSACUUSETTS 


AVashinj^ton,  D.  C,  ami  a  deacon  in  the  same.  He 
is  a  collaborator  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in 
anthropolojiy,  joint  cJitor  of  the  sc:ientitic  ilepart- 
mcut  of  Harpers'  serials,  and  anthropolofjioal  editor 
of  the  American  Naturalist.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  papers  on  anthropology,  published  in  the 
"  Smithsonian  Reports,"  and  in  the  "  Proceedings 
of  the  American  Association."  Prof.  Mason  is,  at 
present,  engaged  in  collating  materials  for  an  en- 
<;yclop;Bilia  of  the  North  American  Indians,  an 
atliis  of  the  archaeology  of  the  United  States,  and  a 
grammar  and  dictionary  of  the  Southern  Indian 
languages,  a.  department  of  research  in  \vhich  he  is 
deeply  interested,  and  for  which  he  has  special 
aptitnile. 

Mason,  Sumner  R.,  D.D.,  wasliom  in  Cheshire, 
in  the  western   part  of  Massachusetts,  June    14, 


SUMNER    R.  M.1S0N,  D.D. 

1819.  He  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Samson 
Mason,  who  was  at  one  time  an  officer  in  Crom- 
well's army,  a  radical  in  politics  and  a  Baptist  in 
religion.  lie  came  to  America  about  1G.50.  For 
assisting  in  the  building  of  the  Baptist  meeting- 
house in  Swansey  he  was  summoned  before  the  au- 
thorities of  Plymouth  colony,  fined  fifteen  shillings, 
and  warned  to  leave  the  jurisdiction.  When  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  about  seven  years  of  age 
his  parents  removed  to  Penfield,  in  the  western 
part  of  New  York.  His  father  died  in  1.S2S,  leaving 
a  widow  and  a  large  family.  Dr.  Mason  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  in  Cincinnati,  and  entered 
Yale  College  in  1838,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
He  was  baptized  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 


church  in  New  Haven,  March  1,  1840.  For  the 
next  seven  years  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in 
Cincinnati  and  in  Nashville,  Tcnn.  He  was  li- 
censed to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist  churcli  of 
Nashville  when  Dr.  Howell  was  pastor,  Sept.  7, 
1844.  He  pursued  liis  theological  studies  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Howell,  and  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lockport, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  22,  1849,  where  he  remained  until 
called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  commenced  his  ministerial  labors 
March  4,  1855.  Here  he  proved  himself  to  be  "a 
workman  that  needed  not  to  be  ashamed,  rightly 
dividing  the  word  of  truth."  The  church  under 
his  ministry  of  sixteen  years  grew  not  only  in  its 
membership,  but  in  sound  doctrine  and  active 
benevolence,  and  every  year  added  to  its  pastor's 
reputation  and  the  weight  of  his  influence  in  every 
direction  in  which  that  influence  was  exerted.  It 
might  have  reasonably  been  predicted  that  many 
years  of  active  service  and  great  usefulness  were  be- 
fore this  devoted  minister  of  Christ,  but  in  the  very 
prime  of  life  he  was  suddenly  cut  down.  What  at 
the  time  was  known  as  the  "  Revere  disaster"  sent 
a  great  shock  through  the  minds  of  people  residing 
in  the  neighborhood  where  the  frightful  event  oc- 
curred. Dr.  Mason  was  on  his  way  to  Beverly, 
Mass.,  to  exchange  pulpits  with  Rev.  J.  C.  Foster. 
It  was  on  Saturday  evening,  Aug.  26,  1871.  At  the 
Revere  station,  a  few  miles  out  of  Boston,  an  ex- 
press train  from  Portland  met  the  outgoing  train, 
and  Dr.  Mason,  with  a  score  of  others,  was  instantly 
killed. 

In  an  appreciative  sketch  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Mason, 
his  friend,  Dr.  0.  S.  Stearns,  says  of  him,  "  lie  was 
a  sincere  friend,  an  earnest,  sympathetic  Christian, 
a  truth-searching  theologian,  an  effective  preacher, 
a  wise  and  judicious  pastor.  To  his  family  he  has 
bequeathed  a  life  full  of  sunny  memories.  By  his 
people  his  name  will  always  be  honored.  In  his 
denomination  he  will  long  be  considered  one  of  its 
choicest  ornaments.  By  all  who  knew  him  he  will 
be  esteemed  as  a  prince  in  Israel." 

Massachusetts  Baptists. — We  can  trace  the 
history  of  the  denomination  in  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts ne.arly  to  the  settlement  of  Boston  in  ICiSO. 
Among  the  earlier  inhabitants  of  the  district  taken 
possession  of  by  Gov.  Winthrop,  and  the  nearly 
fifteen  hundred  people  who  accompanied  him,  there 
were  found  some  who  had  grave  doubts  about  the 
divine  authority  of  the  rite  of  infant  baptism,  and 
refused  to  have  it  performed  in  the  case  of  their 
own  children.  The  first  president  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, Rev.  Henry  Dunster,  took  a  decided  stand  on 
the  subject,  and  openly  avowed  his  sentiments 
against  infant  baptism.  Then  came  the  persecu- 
tion of  Thomas  Gould,  and  the  troubles  through 
which  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston  passed. 


MASSACHUSETTS 


759 


MA  TlIEli 


beginninj;  with  the  formation  of  the  church  in 
1005  and  extending  through  several  years.  Two 
years  previous,  in  \Wt?>,  tlie  church  in  Swanzey  was 
formed,  it  being  really  a  transfer  of  the  Swansea 
cliureh  in  Wales,  organized  in  164'j,  to  this  country. 
From  the  Hoston  eliurch  there  were  formed,  from 
time  to  time,  churches  in  different  sections  of  the 
State,  nnvde  up  chiefly  of  members  who,  having  been 
connected  with  that  church  because  it  was  the  only 
church  of  their  faith  which  they  could  conveniently 
juin,  desired  to  enjoy  cliurcli  privileges  in  the  lo- 
cality wliere  they  lived.  In  this  way  commenced 
the  cliurcli  in  Kittery,  formed  in  Maine  in  10,S2, 
and  about  the  same  time  the  church  in  Newbury. 
Thomas  lluUis,  an  eminent  merchant  of  London, 
proved  himself  the  warm  friend  of  his  deimniina- 
tion  by  making  generous  provision  for  Baptist 
young  men  to  be  educated  for  the  ministry  in  Har- 
vard. As. early  as  1727  we-  find  that  there  were 
Baptists  in  Springfield,  the  pastor  of  the  First 
church  in  Boston,  by  special  request,  visiting  that 
place  to  administer  the  rite  of  baptism  to  several 
persons.  Before  the  close  of  the  century  there 
were  about  50  churches  in  different  sections  of  the 
State.  Among  the  oldest  of  these  we  mention  the 
church  in  AVales,  1730 ;  Bellingham,  1737 ;  the 
Second  church,  now  Warren  Avenue  church,  Bos- 
ton, 1743;  First  Middloborough,  1750;  West  Har- 
wich, 1757;  Third  Middleborougii,  1701  ;  and  the 
First  church  in  Haverhill,  1705.  With  rare  ex- 
ceptions very  few  of  these  50  churches  were 
churches  of  much  pecuniary  ability.  But  they 
were  earnest  followers  of  Christ,  and  contended 
for  what  they  believed  to  be  "the  faith  once  de- 
livered to  the  saints."  They  encountered  perse- 
cution, they  suffered  many  civil  disabilities,  and 
yet  they  continued  to  grow  and  multiply  until 
they  have  reached  a  liigh  rank  among  the  other 
denominations  of  Christians  in  the  State. 

The  latest  statistics  give  us  the  following  figures  : 
There  arc  1-4  Associations,  embracing  289  churches, 
with  232  pastors.  The  number  of  ordained  minis- 
ters in  the  State  is  328.  The  total  membership  of 
the  churches  is  48,704,  and  the  amount  of  money 
raised  for  various  purposes,  so  far  as  reported,  for  the 
year  covered  by  the  statistical  tables  to  which  we 
refer,  was  $713,125.  The  church  having  the  largest 
membership  is  the  Union  Temple,  Boston,  the  num- 
ber being  1501. 

Of  tho  State  denominational  societies  the  Con- 
vention may  be  first  mentioned.  It  was  formed 
May  20,  1802,  and  was  incoi'porated  Feb.  28,  1S08. 
It  is  authorised  to  hold  real  estate  to  the  amount 
of  S20O,O0O.  The  receipts  for  1880  were  S13,8()0. 
The  ofiicers  of  the  Convention  at  the  present  time 
are  Eustace  C.  Fitz,  president,  and  four  vice-presi- 
iients,  all  laymen,  Uev.  G.  W.  Bosworth,  D.D.,  sec- 
retary, and  Ucv.  Andrew  Pollard,  D.D.,  treasurer. 


directors  is  made  up  of  50  ministers  and  laymen, 
who  represent  the  different  sections  of  the  State. 
Another  organization  is  "  The  Baptist  Charitable 
Society  for  the  Relief  of  Widows  and  Orphans  of 
Deceased  Baptist  Ministers."  Ilev.  G.  G.  Fairbanks 
is  its  president.  Its  receipts  in  1880  were  over 
S2550.  This  society  was  formed  in  1821.  "The 
Massachusetts  Baptist  Pastoral  Conference"  was 
formed  in  1829,  its  object  being  the  relief  of  aged 
and  indigent  ministers.  It  is  authorized  to  hold 
property  to  the  amount  of  ?75,O0O.  The  president 
is  Rev.  C.  M.  Bowers,  D.D.  "  The  Northern  Bap- 
tist Education  Society"  was  formed  in  1814.  It  hajj 
a  permanent  fund  of  §32,400.  The  president  is  Rev. 
Henry  M.  King,  D.D.,  and  the  secretary  Rev.  J.  C. 
Foster.  The  society  has  aided  during  tlie  year  52 
young  men  studying  for  the  ministry.  Its  income 
in  1880  was  S0774.91.  (See  articles  on  First  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Boston,  First  Baptist  Churcu  of 
SwANZEV,  Newtox  Tiieoi-ogicai,  Seminary,  Pierce 
AcADEMV,  Worcester  Acaoemy,  and  The  Watch- 
man AN1>   IvKll.F.rTdK.) 

Mather,  Rev.  Asher  E.,  was  born  in  Canada 
in  1823  ;  son  of  Deacon  Aloiizo  T.  .Matlier.     The 


REV.  ASHER    E.  MATHER. 

family  removed  to  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1828,  and  to  Michigan  in  1830.  He  devoted  some 
time  to  teaching,  and  then  engaged  in  business  in 
the  city  of  Detroit.  Ilis  attention  was  early  turned 
to  the  gospel  ministry,  and  many  of  his  brethren 
thought  he  was  called  of  God  to  this  work  before 
he  could  overcome  his  fear  lest  he  was  not  qualified 
for  it.  At  length,  in  1S5I.  turning  away  from  pur- 
suits that  promi.scd  large  pecuniary  returns,  he 
became  pastor  in  Mount  Clemens,  where  he  was  or- 
dained in  August,  1851.     This  pastorate  continued 


MATHEWS 


760 


MATHIAS 


only  for  a  year,  but  was  specially  attended  with 
the  blessing  of  God.  The  Tabernacle  church,  in 
Detroit,  of  which  he  had  been  a  deacon,  called  him 
to  be  its  pastor,  and  he  accepted  the  call.  But  the 
plans  of  the  church  could  not  be  carried  out  with 
the  means  at  its  command,  and  after  a  brief  period 
he  removed  to  Romeo,  where  a  small  church  was  in 
a  depressed  condition.  During  the  next  four  years 
his  work  was  greatly  blessed,  a  good  house  of  wor- 
ship and  a  parsonage  were  built,  and  the  church, 
which  had  been  aided  by  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  became  self-  supporting. 
Ilis  next  pastorate  was  in  Pontiac,  and  continued 
nine  years.  These  were  years  of  prosperity.  At 
the  opening  of  the  war  he  rendered  valuable  ser- 
vice in  raising  a  regiment  of  volunteers,  and  became 
its  chaplain.  He  was  absent  from  the  church  a 
year  in  this  service. 

In  186G  he  became  district  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  for 
ten  years  engaged  in  work  for  that  society  with 
great  earnestness,  and  with  constant  tokens  of 
divine  approval.  Having  led  in  the  organization 
of  the  church  in  Caro,  in  1876,  and  the  erection  of 
its  house  of  worship,  he  became,  soon  after,  pastor 
in  Portland,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  earnest 
work. 

No  Baptist  in  Michigan  is  more  fully  acquainted 
with  the  churches  throughout  the  State,  and  none 
have  rendered  a  service  more  widely  felt.  He  has 
assisted  at  the  dedication  of  more  than  fifty  houses 
of  worship.  It  was  at  his  suggestion  that  the 
Woman's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  of  Michi- 
gan was  formed, — the  first  society  of  its  kind  in  the 
country.  He  served  the  State  Convention  as  its 
secretary  for  seven  years,  and  in  1879  was  made  its 
president. 

Mathews,  William,  LL.D.,  is  by  far  the  best 
and  most  successful  writer  the  West  has  yet  pro- 
duced. Having  enjoyed  in  early  life  the  culture  of 
New  England,  and,  later,  having  breathed  for  many 
years  the  stimulating  atmosphere  of  the  West,  he 
combines  with  the  finished  scholarship  of  the  one, 
the  vigorous  vitality  of  the  other.  He  was  born  at 
WaterviUe,  Me.,  July  28,  ISIS.  His  taste  for  study, 
and  his  proficiency  in  whatever  in  that  way  was 
undertaken,  were  shown  very  early  in  life.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  he  entered  WaterviUe  College,  now 
Colby  University,  and  in  1835,  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, graduated.  Two  years  were  then  spent  in 
the  Harvard  Law  School,  and  two  years  more  in 
the  office  of  Hon.  Timothy  Boutelle,  of  WaterviUe. 
Having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  first  taught 
for  a  year  in  Virginia,  but  returning  to  WaterviUe 
in  1841,  he  began  the  practice  of  law,  associating 
with  that,  however,  the  editorship  of  a  literary 
paper, — The  Yankee  Blade.  This  latter  proved  to 
be  for  him  the  more  congenial  sphere.     After  two 


years  the  paper  was  removed  to  Gardiner,  Me., 
whore  for  some  four  or  five  years  its  publication 
was  continued  with  marked  success  ;  subsequently 
to  Boston,  in  which  city  it  achieved  a  circulation 
and  popularity  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States 
scarcely  equaled  by  any  other  literary  paper.  As 
editor  of  the  Blade,  Mr.  Mathews  formed  many  in- 
teresting and  valuable  literary  acquaintances,  in- 
cluding several  of  the  best  known  and  most  eminent 
of  American  writers. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Mathews  sold  his  paper  and  re- 
moved to  Chicago.  His  work  here  was  at  first  in 
the  form  of  contributions  to  various  journals  ;  but 
in  1859  he  was  appointed  lil)rarian  of  the  Young 
Men's  Association,  holding  that  office  some  three 
years.  He  was  then  elected  Professor  of  Rhetoric 
and  English  Literature  in  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. This  place  he  filled  with  eminent  success 
until  1875,  when  he  resigned  it,  with  a  view  to  de- 
vote himself  entirely  to  authorship.  In  this  new 
line  of  work  he  lias  been  remarkably  successful.  His 
writings  for  the  most  part  have  the  form  of  essays, 
upon  subjects  literary,  biographical,  and  practical, 
covering  a  wide  range,  but  so  grouped  as  to  give 
each  of  his  volumes  admirable  unity  of  direction 
and  general  topic.  His  style  is  a  model  of  elegance 
and  vivacity,  while  his  metliod,  being  largely  illus- 
trative, enables  him  to  utilize  the  results  of  an  al- 
most ubiquitous  reading  and  study.  The  titles 
of  his  principal  books,  and  nearly  in  the  order  of 
their  appearance,  are  "  Getting  On  in  the  World," 
"  Words,  their  Use  and  Abuse,''  "  Orations  and 
Orators,"  and  '•  Monday  Chats,"  the  last  named 
being  a  translation  of  Sainte-Beuve's  "  Causeriesdu 
Lundi,"  introduced  by  an  appreciative  biography 
of  the  great  French  litterateur  and  critic.  Dr. 
Mathews's  home  is  still  in  Chicago,  where  he  enjoys 
the  warmest  esteem  of  a  wide  circle  of  cultured 
friends. 

MatMas,  Rev.  Joseph,  of  Ililltown,  Bucks  Co., 
Pa.,  was  born  May  8,  1778.  He  was  baptized  on 
a  profession  of  his  faith  in  his  twenty-second  year. 
He  was  ordained  to  preach  the  gospel  July  22, 
1S06,  and  he  continued  in  the  work  of  the  ministry 
for  more  than  forty-six  years  as  pastor  of  the  same 
church.  He  possessed  a  vigorous  intellect,  a  spirit 
of  stern  loyalty  to  Jesus,  and  a  heart  overflowing 
with  love  to  the  Redeemer. 

He  was  a  strong  Calvinist,  fully  persuaded  that 
each  believer  owed  his  salvation  to  a  gospel  spring- 
ing from  the  everlasting  and  personal  love  of  God, 
a  gospel  bearing  the  whole  treasures  of  grace  to 
every  heart  that  received  it,  and  a  gospel  surely 
carrying  each  recipient  to  the  world  of  glory. 

He  was  untiring  in  the  use  of  means  to  bring 
men  to  the  Saviour.  His  prayers  for  the  salvation 
of  his  people  were  marked  by  a  fervor  and  a  faith 
that  nothing  could  surpass.     His  public  appeals  to 


M Arm  AS 


761 


MAXCY 


saints  and  sinners  to  follow  Jesus  were  unusually 
tender  and  earnest. 

He  preached  three  times  on  the  Lord's  day,  and 
several  times  during  the  week.  And  it  was  his 
regular  custom  to  make  a  tour  annually,  at  a  con- 
venient season  of  the  year,  extending  over  several 
weeks,  and  to  preach  every  night  at  the  place 
« here  he  stopped.  To  gather  a  congregation  he 
sent  word  beforehand,  and  the  people  thronged  to 
hear  the  gospel.  In  a  brief  account  of  one  of  these 
apostolic  trips  before  me,  it  is  stated  that  he 
preached  in  ten  different  places,  and  baptized  ten 
persons  at  three  of  his  iiteetings.  Only  one  of 
these  services  was  held  in  a  church,  the  others 
were  conducted  in  barns  and  school-houses.  The 
labor  performed  for  the  Saviour  in  this  way  was 
effective  and  very  extensive.  Many  were  born 
again,  and  united  with  other  denominations,  and 
many  others  formed  Baptist  churches,  several  of 
which  are  in  a  flourishing  condition  at  this  time. 

In  one  of  his  preaching  journeys  he  tells  of  two 
persons  '"who  requested  baptism,  but  the  relation 
they  gave  was  not  satisfactory,  and  their  request 
was  not  granted."  Mr.  Mathias  built  up  Christian 
churches  in  the  truth,  and  with  soundly  converted 
members,  whose  future  experience  would  encourage 
their  brethren  and  commend  the  gospel. 

He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  missions  all  over 
our  own  country,  and  away  to  the  ends  of  the 
earth.  He  was  ever  ready  to  speak  for  missions  in 
his  own  church  and  in  the  region  around.  And  it 
was  his  custom  to  commend  Christian  love  for  the 
perishing  at  home  and  abro.ad  by  a  liberal  con- 
tribution of  his  own,  which  gave  him  freedom  of 
utterance  in  appealing  to  others,  and  which  im- 
parted a  peculiar  power  to  his  missionary  argu- 
ments. 

He  had  five  sons  and  three  daughters,  every  one 
of  whom  was  converted  under  his  ministry,  and 
buried  in  the  waters  of  baptism  by  his  hands. 

No  man  w.is  loved  more  in  the  old  Philadelphia 
Association  than  Father  Mathias.  His  fame  had 
traveled  over  the  entire  State  and  a  large  section 
of  New  Jersey.  Wherever  he  was  known  he  had 
a  warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  the  friends  of 
Christ. 

He  was  a  firm  Baptist,  and  while  he  loved  all 
Christians,  he  knew  nothing  of  that  charity  that 
would  sacrifice  the  smallest  part  of  God's  truth. 
Not  for  empires,  nor  for  mines  of  gold,  nor  for 
worlds,  would  he  slight  his  Lord  that  he  might 
bribe  the  servants  of  that  Master  for  their  good 
will. 

Mr.  Mathias  preached  three  times  the  Sunday 
before  his  death  ;  on  the  following  Tuesday  even- 
ing his  spirit  suddenly  entered  the  heavens.  On 
Friday  an  immense  concourse  of  people  gathered 
at  his  funeral  services,  every  one  of  whom  felt  that 
i'j 


a  father  and  a  friend  had  been  borne  to  the  skies 
when  Father  Mathias  fell  asleep.  And  though 
this  event  occurred  thirty  years  ago  the  memory 
of  our  venerable  friend  is  as  fragrant  as  ever, 
not  in  Hilltown  only,  but  for  hundreds  of  milee 
around  it. 

Uattoon,  Rev,  C.  H.,  of  Albany,  Oregon,  is  an 
earnest  and  influential  preacher,  and  known  as  the 
Baptist  historian  in  that  State.  There  is  hardly 
any  pastor  or  prominent  Baptist  in  Oregon  whose 
history  is  unknown  to  Mr.  Mattoon.  He  has 
preached  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  State.  Born 
at  Canastota,  N,  Y.,  of  Old-School  Presbyterian 
parents,  he  became  a  Baptist,  and  was  immersed 
at  Genoa,  0.,  in  1844.  He  obtained  a  good  educa- 
tion at  Central  College,  0.  He  went  to  Oregon  in 
1851 ;  was  licensed  in  18.53  ;  published  The  Relig- 
ious Expositor  six  months  ;  was  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  McMinnville  two  years  ;  and  in  agency 
work  became  familiar  with  Baptists  in  the  State 
and  adjacent  Territories.  In  1871  he  was  ordained 
by  the  Pleasant  Butte  church  ;  is  a  strong  Baptist 
writer  of  the  Landmark  school ;  in  1874  held  a 
written  discussion  on  that  subject ;  is  more  logical 
than  rhetorical  in  preaching;  is  positive,  and  so 
full  of  the  facts  in  Baptist  history  that  he  is  some- 
times called  "  the  Baptist  Encyclopaedia  of  Oregon." 
He  is  historical  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Convention 
of  the  North  Pacific  coast. 

Uaxcy,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Attle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1708.  In  his  case  the 
moulding  influence  of  a  highly  gifted  mother  was 
felt  in  the  formative  period  of  his  life.  Such  was 
the  intellectual  development  of  young  Maxcy  that 
his  parents  determined  to  secure  for  him  all  the 
advantages  of  a  liberal  course  of  study.  Having 
been  prepared  for  college  in  the  academy  of  Rev. 
William  AVilliams,  of  Wrentham,  not  far  from  his 
native  place,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Freshman 
class  in  Brown  University  in  1783,  when  he  was 
but  fifteen  years  of  age.  All  the  hopes  which  had 
lieen  cherished  with  reference  to  him  were  abun- 
dantly realized.  He  made  rapid  progress  in  the 
acquisition  of  knowledge  and  in  mental  discipline, 
and  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  bis  class 
in  1787.  Ilis  talents  were  brought  into  immediate 
service  in  the  college  where  he  had  gained  his 
laurels.  He  was  appointed  a  tutor,  and  for  four 
years  devoted  himself  with  great  success  to  the 
duties  of  his  oflice.  But  his  Master  had  a  higher 
service  for  him.  Having  become  a  subject  of  the 
converting  grace  of  God,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Manning,  and  connected  himself  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Providence.  The  church  at  once 
gave  him  a  license  to  preach,  and  he  was  invited  to 
supply  the  pulpit  which  President  Manning  had 
recently  vacated.  From  the  outset  of  his  public 
efforts  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  his  rank  as  a 


MAXCV 


762 


MAJCEY 


pulpit  oi-iitur  was  established.  So  pleased  was  the 
tdiurch  with  these  efforts  tliat  he  was  solicited  to 
resign  his  office  as  tutor  in  Brown  University  and 
accept  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Hook  to  which 
he  had  ministered  with  so  much  satisfaction.  The 
call  was  accepted,  and  Mr.  Maxcy  was  ordained 
(Sept,  S,  1791,  when  he  was  but  twenty-three  years 
of  ai;e,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman  preaching  the  ordi- 
nation sermon.  He  was  also  appointed  a  professor 
in  Brown  University  on  the  same  day,  as  well  as  a 
trustee  of  the  college. 

In  the  midst  of  most  congenial  employments, 
and  wlien  he  was  constantly  developing  his  powers 
as  a  preacher  and  a  pastor,  Dr.  Manning  was  sud- 
denly smitten  down  by  a  fatal  disease  and  died. 
All  eyes  were  at  once  turned  to  Maxcy  as  the  most 
suitable  person  to  fill  the  vacancy  created  by  the 
decease  of  the  lamented  Manning,  and  he  was 
unanimously  elected  president.  He  resigned  his 
pastorship  just  one  year  from  the  day  he  was  or- 
dained, and  entered  upon  his  duties  in  the  univer- 
sity. He  was  only  twenty-four  years  of  age,  the 
youngest  man,  if  we  mistake  not,  that  was  ever 
called  to  fill  so  responsible  a  position  in  this  coun- 
try. His  youtli  probably  brought  him  in  closer  ; 
and  more  intimate  relations  with  the  students  of 
the  college  than  if  he  had  been  older.  At  any  rate, 
he  was  from  the  first  very  popular,  and  the  young 
men  were  proud  of  their  youthful  president.  Sev- 
eral discourses  which  he  published  within  a  few 
years  after  he  took  charge  of  the  university  added 
greatly  to  his  reputation  as  an  able  divine.  In 
1801  Harvard  University  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  was  at 
the  time  only  thirty-three  years  of  age.  Ilis  official 
connection  with  Brown  University  continued  for 
ten  years,  when  he  was  called  to  the  presidential 
chair  in  Union  College,  where  he  remained  two 
years.  Finding  our  Northern  climate  too  severe 
for  his  delicate  constitution,  he  accepted  an  invita- 
tion to  take  the  presidency  of  the  South  Carolina 
College,  where  he  remained  for  sixteen  years,  and 
was  the  means  of  raising  the  institution  to  a  high 
rank  among  the  colleges  of  the  country. 

From  all  the  traditions  that  have  come  down  to 
us  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  Dr.  Maxcy  was 
one  of  the  most  eloquent  preachers,  not  merely  of 
his  own  denomination,  but  of  any,  in  the  country. 
It  is  said  that  "  a  profound  and  breathless  silence, 
an  intense  feeling,  and  a  delight  amounting  to  rap- 
ture were  the  almost  invariable  attendants  of  his 
preaching.  His  manner  was  emphatically  his  own. 
There  was  no  labored  display,  notliing  turgid  or 
affected,  but  everything  w.as  easy,  graceful,  digni- 
fied, and  natural.  His  general  manner  of  delivery 
was  riither  mild  than  vehement,  and  rather  solemn 
than  impetuous  ;  commencing  in  a  moderate  tone 
of  voice,  but  becoming  more  animated  and  impas- 


sioned as  he  proceeded,  he  gradually  influenced  the 
hearts  and  feelings  of  his  audience."  Says  Hon. 
•las.  L.  Petigru,  of  South  Carolina,  "  Never  will  the 
cliarm  of  his  eloquence  be  erased  from  the  memory 
on  which  its  impression  has  once  been  made." 
Hon.  Senator  Evans,  of  South  Carolina,  "He  was 
the  greatest  orator  I  have  ever  heard  in  the  pulpit." 
Judge  O'Neall,  of  South  Carolina,  "His  were  the 
finest  specimens  of  eloquence  and  truth  to  which  it 
has  been  my  privilege  to  listen,"  Dr.  Maxoy  died 
.Tune  4,  1820. 

Maxey,  Gen.  Rice,  was  horn  in  Barren,  Ky., 
July  23,  1800.  In  1829  he  became  a  member  of 
Jlill  Creek  Baptist  church.  Monroe  Co.,  Ky.  Prac- 
tised law  from  his  twenty-first  to  his  fiftieth  year; 
removed  to  Paris,  Texas,  Nov.  20,  180"  ;  elected  to 
the  State  senate  to  succeed  his  son,  Gen.  S.  B. 
Maxey,  in  1862.  He  lived  to  see  his  son,  Samuel 
Bell  Maxey,  a  U.  S.  Senator  from  Texas.  He  was  a 
leader  in  Kentucky  and  Texas,  both  in  religion  and 
politics,  and  exerted  great  influence  both  by  his 
lofty  character  .and  fine  abilities.  He  was  twice 
married.  After  a  painful  illness,  borne  with  Chris- 
tian fortitude,  he  died  Jan.  11,  1878. 

Maxey,  TJ,  S.  Senator  Samuel  Bell.— The 
Maxey  family  are  of  Huguenot  descent,  having 
settled  on  James  River  soon  after  the  revocation  of 
the  edict  of  Nantes.     His  great-grandfather,  Rad- 


GEN.    SAMLEL    BELL    MAXEV. 

ford  Maxey,  became  a  planter  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va., 
and  his  grandfather,  William  Maxey,  removed  to 
Kentucky  in  the  last  century.  His  father,  Rice 
Maxey,  was  born  in  Barren  Co.,  Ky.,  in  the  year 


^fAXEr 


763 


MA  YFIELD 


1800,  and  was  a  lawyer  by  profession.  His  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Bell,  a  native  of  Al- 
bemarle Co.,  Va. 

Samuel  Bell  Maxey  was  born  at  Tompkinsville, 
Monroe  Co.,  Ky.,  March  30,  182.5.  His  father  re- 
moved, in  1834,  to  Clinton  County,  where  he  was 
clerk  of  the  Circuit  and  County  courts.  In  1857 
he  removed  to  Texas  and  settled  at  Paris.  Sam- 
uel was  educated  at  the  best  schools,  studying 
Latin,  Greek,  and  mathematics  until  he  was  seven- 
teen years  old,  when  he  was  appointed  a  cadet  in 
the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  lie  was 
graduated  there  in  1840,  and  assigned  to  the  7th 
Infantry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant.  That  fall 
he  went  to  Mexico.  He  first  joined  Taylor  at  Mon- 
terey, and  when  Scott  organized  a  new  offensive 
line  from  Vera  Cruz,  Maxey  went  in  Twiggs'  col- 
umn to  Tampico.  lie  shared  in  the  siege  of  Vera 
Cruz,  and  was  with  Harvey's  brigade  at  the  battle 
of  Cerro  Gordo.  lie  was  brevetted  a  first  lieutenant 
for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and 
Churubusco,  and  was  also  engaged  at  Molino  del 
Key  and  in  the  engagement  which  resulted  in  the 
capture  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  After  the  city  fell 
into  his  hands  Gen.  Scott  organized  a  battalion  of 
five  companies  of  picked  men  under  Col.  Charles 
F.  Smith  as  a  city  guard.  Maxey  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  one  of  these  companies,  and  he 
was  thus  provost  of  one  of  the  five  districts  of  the 
city.  Maxey  had  learned  French  at  West  Point. 
While  in  Mexico  he  became  familiar  with  the  Span- 
ish tongue,  which  subsequently  proved  useful  to 
liim  in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Texas.  He  re- 
turned to  the  United  States  from  Mexico  in  the 
summer  of  1S48,  and  was  stationed  at  Jefferson 
Barracks,  but  finally  resigned  Sept.  17,  184'J.  He 
returned  to  his  father's  home,  studied  law,  and  in 
18o0  began  the  practice  at  Albany,  Clinton  County. 

In  1857  he  settled  at  his  present  home  in  Paris, 
a  promising  town  in  Northeastern  Texas,  and  prac- 
tised law  until  1861.  About  the  opening  of  the 
war  be  was  elected  to  the  State  senate,  but  never 
took  his  seat,  as  he  thought  he  ought  to  be  in  the 
army.  He  raised  the  9th  Texas  Infantry  for  the 
army  under  Gen.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston.  In  De- 
cember, 1861,  it  marched  by  land  and  reached 
Memphis  in  time  to  join  the  army  at  Corinth.  In 
the  mean  time  he  had  been  made  a  brigadier-gen- 
eral. He  joined  Gen.  Johnston  at  Decatur,  and 
was  sent  by  him  to  Chattanooga  to  collect  and  re- 
organize troops  there. 

Gen.  Maxey's  services  in  the  Confederate  army 
were  many  and  important.  On  the  direct  applica- 
tion of  Gen.  K.  Kirby  Smith,  then  in  command  of 
the  Trans-Mississippi  Department,  in  the  fall  of 
1863  he  was  ordered  to  take  command  of  the  Indian 
Territory.  Everything  there  was  in  terrible  con- 
fusiou.     Maxey,   with  very  little  aid  from  head- 


quarters, put  eight  or  ten  thousand  troops  under 
arms.  In  the  spring  of  1864  he  advised  Gen.  Smith 
of  Steele's  advance,  and  moved  into  Arkansas, 
where  he  joined  Price  and  shared  in  his  fight  at 
Prairie  Danne  to  check  the  enemy.  He  fought 
Steele  at  Poison  Springs,  April  18,  1804,  and  cap- 
tured his  entire  train  of  2l!7  wagons.  The  loss  of 
his  transportation  compelled  Steele  to  retire.  For 
his  conduct  on  this  occasion  Maxey  was  made  a 
major-general. 

Gen.  Maxey  went  to  his  home  and  devoted  him- 
self to  the  practice  of  the  law,  which  soon  proved 
both  laborious  and  lucrative  to  him.  He  was  ap- 
pointed judge,  but  declined.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  and  took  his  seat  March 
5,  1875.  Gen.  Maxey  undoubtedly  owes  his  election 
to  the  popular  conviction  that  he  is  stanch,  diligent, 
and  a  representative  man. 

At  first  Gen.  Maxey  was  placed  on  the  Committee 
on  Territories,  but  was  transferred  the  same  year, 
1875,  to  that  on  Military  Affairs.  He  has  served 
continuously  on  the  Committee  on  Labor  and  Edu- 
cation, and  on  Post-Offices,  of  which  latter  he  is 
now  chairman,  lie  has  had  more  than  ordinary 
success  in  practical  legislation.  He  has  never  made 
a  report  from  any  committee  which  was  not  sus- 
tained. The  post-office  committee  is  a  very  impor- 
tant one  to  a  frontier  State.  Gen.  Maxey  has  aided 
greatly  in  increasing  the  postal  facilities  of  Texas. 
Among  others,  he  has  had  established  the  stage 
route  from  Fort  Worth  to  Fort  Yuma,  the  longest 
stage  line  in  the  world. 

Gen.  Maxey  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
to  which  his  family  has  belonged  for  four  or  five 
generations.  He  is  a  gallant,  genial  gentleman, 
and  a  hard-woi-king,  useful  Senator.  Very  few  Sen- 
ators enjoy  so  generally  the  affection  and  esteem 
of  their  colleagues. 

Maxson,  Rev.  John,  the  first  white  child  born 
on  the  island  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  in  1638, 
shortly  after  his  father  had  been  killed  by  the  Pe- 
quots.  Ho  was  one  of  the  purchasers  of  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  in  1001,  and  one  of  the  freemen  there  in 
1009  ;  ordained,  when  seventy  years  of  age,  "  to  the 
place  and  office  of  an  elder"  in  the  First  Westerly 
(now  Hopkinton)  Seventh-Day  Baptist  church; 
had  as  assistants,  in  1710,  John  Maxson  (2d),  Wil- 
liam Davis.  Joseph  Clarke,  Sr..  George  Stillman, 
Joseph  Clarke,  Jr.,  and  Joseph  Crandall,  and  in 
1712  the  church  numbered  about  l.'?0  members; 
died  Dec.  17,  1720,  aged  eighty-two. 

Ma3rfield,'W.  D.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  Central  Baptist 
church,  Little  Hock,  Ark.,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina in  1837  ;  began  to  )>reach  in  18,56  ;  chaplain 
of  the  .3d  S.  C.  Regiment,  in  the  Confederate  army  ; 
after  filling  several  important  pastorales  in  his 
native  State  he  became  pastor  at  Helena,  Ark,,  in 
1868  ;  from  1874  to  1877,  corresponding  secretary 


MAYS 


764 


MCCALLUM 


of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society ;  then 
removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  began  the  publi- 
cation of  the  Jiapdst  Reflector;  he  also  publislicd 
a  literary  magazine  called  Happy  Hume ;  at  the 
close  of  the  year  1SV9  he  removed  to  Little  Rock. 
Dr.  Mayfield  is  a  fine  writer,  and  as  he  is  yet  in 
the  prime  of  life,  much  may  be  expected  from  his 
vigorous  pen. 

Mays,  Rev.  John  L.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
North  Louisiana,  by  whose  zealous  labors  many 
churches  in  Union.  Claiborne,  and  .Jackson  Parishes 
were  founded,  was  born  in  1S14,  and  died  in  the 
pulpit,  Nov.  10,  1SG6. 

Mays,  R.  G.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Edgefield  Co., 
S.  C,  Oct.  5,  1800.  "  After  finishing  his  regular 
course  of  study,"  writes  his  sister,  Mrs.  .Judge  Bre- 
vard, '"he  decided  on  medicine  as  his  calling,  and 
graduated  at  the  medical  college  in  Baltimore  in 
1822."  Not  caring  for  his  profession,  he  devoted 
himself  to  farming  and  became  a  very  successful 
planter. 

In  the  extensive  revival  of  1831,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Mays  were  converted,  and  baptized  into  Edgefield 
church  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hodges.  From  his  con- 
version to  his  death  he  was  an  earnest,  zealous 
Christian.  lie  was  a  natural  orator,  readily  using 
beautiful  expres.sions  with  a  voice  full  of  melody, 
and  he  was  almost  irresistible  in  exliortation.  His 
prayers  were  from  a  heart  imbued  with  the  Spirit 
of  God,  and  could  scarcely  be  heard  without  emo- 
tion. His  manners  were  genial  and  kind,  and  his 
hospitality  overflowing  and  refined. 

He  was  ready  to  aid  evei-y  good  work,  and  being 
blessed  with  a  competency,  and  coming  to  Florida 
when  the  denomination  was  young  and  weak,  he 
did  much  to  build  it  up.  He  was  specially  inter- 
ested in  tlie  spiritual  welfare  of  liis  slaves,  and  em- 
ployed ministers  to  preach  to  them. 

He  was  called  to  pass  through  deep  waters. 
Seven  of  nine  children  were  taken  from  him,  and 
in  April,  1S78,  the  wife  of  his  youth  died  at  their 
home  at  Orange  Mills.  Since  that  time  Dr.  Mays 
himself  has  gone  to  his  eternal  home. 

McAlister,  Rev.  I.  N.,  an  active  minister  of 
Sabine  Association,  La.,  was  born  in  Mississippi 
in  1813 ;  came  to  Louisiana  in  1853 ;  was  em- 
ployed as  a  missionary  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
did  good  service.     He  died  Jan.  27,  1S74. 

McAlpine,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  is  about  thirty-sis 
years  old  ;  reared  as  a  slave  in  a  cultivated  family  ; 
received  instruction  and  good  breeding ;  entered 
school  at  Talladega  soon  after  he  became  free. 
Took  a  liberal  course  in  the  Congregational  Col- 
lege at  that  place ;  at  the  same  time  received  in- 
struction in  theology  from  Dr.  J.  J.  D.  Renfroe,  by 
whom  he  was  baptized,  ordained,  and  installed  pas- 
tor of  the  colored  church  in  the  city.  He  has  been 
State  evangelist  for  his  race ;  now  pastor  of  the 


large  colored  church  at  Marion.  No  man  has  done 
more  for' the  elevation  of  the  colored  people  in  Ala- 
Ijama.  He  is  an  excellent  preacher,  and  a  rising 
man. 

McArthur,  Joseph  Benjamin,  was  born  Nov. 
'lb,  1849,  in  the  township  of  Lnbo,  County  of  Mid- 
dlesex, Ontario,  Canada.  He  attended  the  public 
school  until  fifteen  years  of  age,  and,  after  an  in- 
terval of  two  years  spent  upon  a  farm,  went  to  the 
Middlesex  Seminary.  In  ISIJS  he  matriculated  into 
the  Law  Society  of  Upper  Canada,  and  was  entered 
as  a  student  at  Osgoode  Hall,  in  the  city  of  Toronto. 
He  was  called  to  the  bar  of  Ontario  in  November, 
1873,  and  was  invited  to  join  the  eminent  legal 
firm  to  whom  he  had  been  articled.  The  retire- 
ment of  a  member  of  the  firm  on  Jan.  1,  1S81,  led 
to  the  formation  of  the  present  firm  of  Mulock, 
Tilt,  McArthur  &  Crowther.  Mr.  McArthur  was 
baptized  in  1873,  and  united  with  the  Alexander 
Street  church,  Toronto,  of  which  he  has  been  for 
sover.al  years  a  deacon.  He  is  superintendent  of 
the  Sunday-school,  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  To- 
ronto Baptist  College,  and  a  vice-president  of  the 
Home  Mission  Board.  For  personal  consecration 
and  liberal  giving  he  is  conspicuous  among  the 
laymen  of  Canada. 

McCall,  Rev.  G.  R.,  of  Ilawkinsville,  Ga.,  i» 
one  of  the  ablest,  most  prominent,  and  influential 
of  the  younger  generation  of  Georgia  Baptist  min- 
isters,— a  man  whose  modesty  equals  his  merit, 
and  whose  ability  as  a  preacher  is  second  to  few 
of  his  age.  He  was  born  Feb.  7,  1829,  in  Screven 
Co.,  Ga.,  and  was  educated  .at  Mercer  University, 
graduating  with  the  third  honor,  in  a  talented 
class,  in  the  year  18.53.  He  then  spent  one  year 
in  the  same  university  studying  theology.  He 
joined  the  church  at  fifteen,  was  licensed  at  eigh- 
teen, and  ordained  Sept.  24,  1854,  when  nearly 
twenty-five.  In  January  of  1855  he  was  called  to 
preach  once  a  month  to  the  Richland  church, 
Twiggs  County,  and  has  continued  its  pastor  ever 
since.  After  the  war  he  settled  in  Ilawkinsville, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  there  in  Oc- 
tober, 1866.  to  which  church  he  is  still  preacliing. 
He  has  been  a  diligent  and  successful  pastor.  For 
years  Mr.  McCall  has  acted  as  the  moderator  of  the 
Ebenezer  Association,  and  his  influence  in  all  the 
region  where  he  lives  is  very  great,  especially  in 
the  Baptist  churches.  For  ten  years  in  succession 
he  has  been  the  clerk  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  for  two  years  was  clerk  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Convention.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mercer  University,  act- 
ing as  secretary  of  the  board.  He  is  a  strong  friend 
of  missions,  Sunday-schools,  and  of  education.  lie 
is  an  excellent  preacher  and  a  wise  counselor.  He 
ranks  very  high  in  the  estimation  of  his  brethren. 

McCallum,  Rev.  H.  B.,  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 


MCCLOUD 


765 


MCCONXICO 


Tenn.,  Jan.  9,  1837,  and  spent  his  childhood  at 
Gravesville,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  thart  county. 
In  his  thirteenth  year  his  father  removed  to  Knox- 
ville.  Here  Hugh  spent  his  time  from  1S49  to 
1853. 

In  1852  he  entered  East  Tennessee  University, 
and  remained  several  terms.  During  the  fall  of 
ls.o2  he  was  converted,  and  was  baptized  Ijy  Dr. 
Matthew  Hillsnian  in  Deecn\ber  of  that  year.  He 
was  soon  impressed  with  the  duty  of  preaching  the 
gospel,  and  resolved  to  devote  his  life  to  that  work. 
In  18.54  he  entei'ed  Union  Univei-sity,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Tenn.,  intending  to  take  a  full  course, 
but  his  health  declined  so  rapidly  that  he  remained 
but  ten  months. 

By  advice  of  his  physicians  he  visited  Florida  in 
December,  1856,  and  remained  till  spring.  By 
doing  this  for  two  or  three  yeai-s  he  was  restored 
to  comparatively  good  health. 

In  1859  he  settled  in  Camden,  S.  C,  and  con- 
tinued meanwhile  to  study  theology.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  enlisted  as  a  private,  and  was  mustered 
into  service  in  the  Confederate  army.  In  1861  he 
was  called  to  the  chaplaincy  of  his  regiment,  and 
was  ordained  at  the  call  of  his  church,  and  served 
as  chaplain  during  the  war. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  settled  in  Sumter 
District,  S.  C,  and  preached  to  country  churches. 
In  1867  he  removed  to  Florida,  and  in  1869  he  lo- 
cated at  Lake  City,  and  was  soon  chosen  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  there.  The  little  organiza- 
tion, with  no  house,  was  soon  built  up  to  an  effective 
church,  anil  one  of  the  best  houses  of  worship  in  the 
State  erected.  In  1873  he  was  induced  to  com- 
mence the  Florida  Baptist,  and  published  it  two 
years,  and  then  transferred  it  to  the  Christian 
Index,  of  Georgia. 

Mr.  McCallum  is  a  man  of  ability  and  energy, 
lie  is  a.  ready,  forcible  writer  and  speaker,  and  by 
his  pen  and  his  preaching  has  done  much  to 
strengtiicn  tlic  Baptist  ilcnMiiiiiiation  in  the  State. 

McCIoud,  Rev.  Constant  S.,  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, was  liorn  in  1818;  graduated  at  Georgetown 
College  in  1840 ;  removed  to  Mississippi,  and  be- 
came successively  pastor  at  Starkville,  Vicksburg, 
and  Raymond.  .Vftcr  the  war  he  became  pastor  at 
Jefferson,  Texas,  where  liy  his  indefiitigable  labors 
he  increased  the  membersliip  from  a  mere  handful 
to  iibouttwo  hundred,  and  erected  one  of  the  hand- 
somest church  edifices  in  the  State,  and  a  comfort- 
able parsonage.  In  1872  he  became  missionary  of 
the  Grand  ("ane  Baptist  Association,  La.  He  fell 
a  victim  to  yellow  fever  at  Shreveport,  Oct.  17, 
is;:;. 

McCoid,  Hon.  M.  M.,  member  of  Congress 
from  Iowa,  was  born  in  Logan  Co.,  0.,  Nov.  5, 
1840.  His  father,  Robert  McCoid,  was  of  Irish, 
and  hia  mother,  Jane  Bain,  of  Scotch,  descent.    Her 


father  came  from  Ayr.shire,  .Scotland,  and  was  a 
Revolutionary  soldier  in  the  Virginia  troops.  Mc- 
Coid removed  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  when  he 
was  eleven  years  old.  He  received  a  common- 
school  education,  and  then  attended  Fairfield  Uni- 
versity, and  Washington  College.  Washington,  Pa., 
until  the  Junior  year,  leaving  because  of  ill  health. 
He  soon  after  entered  upon  the  stuily  of  law.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1801,  but  immediately 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.  E,  2d  Regiment  Iowa 
Vols.,  in  which  he  served  fur  the  full  time  of  en- 
listment, being  discharged  May  28,  1864.  He  was 
promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  and  was  for  a 
considerable  time  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment. 
He  was  in  seven  battles,  inclu<ling  Fort  Donelson, 
Shiloh,  Corinth,  and  Stone  River.  In  1804  he  re- 
turned to  civil  life,  and  began  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  district  attorney  of  the 
sixth  Iowa  judicial  district,  arid  served  for  four 
years.  In  1870  he  was  elected  State  senator,  and 
re-elected  in  1875  ;  in  1878  he  was  elected  from 
the  first  district  as  a  member  of  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress,  and  he  was  re-elected  to  the  present 
Congress.  He  was  brought  up  a  Presbyterian,  and 
learned  the  Shorter  Catechism  before  he  was  able 
to  read,  but  on  his  conversion,  in  lfS65,  he  embraced 
the  Baptist  faith,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Fairfield  Baptist  church  ever  since.  He  is  a  man 
of  great  ability,  integrity,  and  piety. 

McConnico,  Rev.  Gamer,  w^as  a  native  of 
Lunenburg  Co.,  Va.,  where  his  family  occupied  a 
high  social  position.  He  became  hopefully  pious, 
under  the  instructions  of  an  excellent  mother,  at  a 
very  early  age,  and  united  with  the  church  ;  and 
such  were  the  spirit  and  the  ability  which  he  mani- 
fested in  the  part  he  occasionally  took  in  the  social 
religious  exercises  that  the  church  in  due  time 
licensed  him  to  preach,  and  ordained  him  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  gospel  before  he  had  reached  his  twenty- 
eighth  year.  As  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Cum- 
berland presented  extraordinary  attractions  as  a 
place  for  settlement,  Mr.  McConnico  sold  his  prop- 
erty in  Lunenburg  County  near  the  close  of  the 
last  century,  and  selected  as  his  future  home  a  spot 
in  Williamson  County  than  which  it  would  be 
difficult  to  find  another  more  beautiful.  Here  he 
secured  a  large  tract  of  land,  and  spent  thirty-five 
years  rearing  a  large  and  estimable  family,  some 
of  whom  have  since  reached  positions  of  usefulness 
and  honor.  His  mansion  was  ever  the  scene  of  a 
profuse  hospitality.  In  it  was  found  the  best  society 
then  in  the  West ;  and  especially  was  it  the  home 
of  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Mr.  McConnico  imme- 
diately commenced  among  the  settlers  his  appro- 
priate work.  He  was  a  diligent  student  of  the 
Bible,  and  of  standard  theological  writings,  with 
which  his  library  was  furnished.  He  clung  with 
unyielding  tenacity  to  the  great  doctrines  of  the 


Mcco  y 


7C6 


MCCOY 


Cross,  and  had  an  intelligent  and  definite  view  of 
the  whole  evangelical  system.  He  prepared  his 
discourses  with  nuu-'i  care,  and  they  were  ehariic- 
terized  hy  remarkable  perspicuity  and  directness, 
and  they  were  delivered  with  graceful  elocution 
and  impressive  fervor.  For  years  he  preached  often 
in  all  parts  of  the  middle  district,  and  sometimes 
beyond  it.  Many  professed  religion,  and  a  large 
numlter  of  churches  were  raised  up  mainly  through 
his  instrumentality.  Of  the  Ilarpeth  church, 
which  was  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  and 
which  was  large,  intelligent,  and  wealthy,  he  be- 
came the  regular  pastor,  and  continued  in  the  office 
until  the  end  of  his  life.  Of  seven  other  churches 
around  him  he  was  the  stated  supply,  according  to 
the  practice  of  the  times.  Ilis  popularity  was  al- 
most unbounded.  He  died  suddenly,  full  of  faith 
and  hope,  in  the  year  1833. 

His  piety  was  deep,  and  his  presence  neutralized 
every  tendency  to  levity.  Listening  to  him  be- 
neath the  shade  of  the  gigantic  fore.st-trees,  where 
he  so  often  preached,  you  would  have  felt  coming 
over  you  a  strange  reverence  for  his  mighty  mind. 
His  memory  and  influence  can  never  die. 

McCoy,  Rev.  Isaac,  the  great  apostle  to  the 
American  Indians,  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Pa., 
June  13,  1784.  lie  came  with  his  father  to  Ken- 
tucky in  1790.  In  1801  he  was  converted  and 
joined  the  Buck  Creek  Baptist  church.  In  1803 
he  was  married  to  Christiana  Polk,  daughter  of 
Capt.  Polk,  whose  wife  and  several  children  were 
captured  by  the  Ottowas.  Mr.  McCoy  and  his  wife 
were  afterwards  missionaries  to  that  tribe. 

In  1804  he  came  to  Vincennes,  Ind.,  and  in  1805 
removed  to  Clarke  County,  same  State.  He  had  a 
marked  influence  upon  the  churches  and  Associa- 
tions of  that  part  of  the  State.  No  one  of  the  great 
benevolent  enterprises  of  the  denomination  was 
allowed  to  pass  unnoticed.  Living  in  apart  of  the 
country  where  Antinomianism  was  industriously 
taught,  he  exerted  himself  to  counteract  its  baneful 
influence.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  mother 
of  all  Indiana  Baptist  churches, — Silver  Creek.  In 
1810  he  was  oi'dained  by  the  Maria  Creek  church. 
In  1817  he  received  an  appointment  as  missionary 
to  the  Indians  of  Indiana  and  Illinois.  After  his 
departure  for  his  work  the  influence  of  Daniel 
Parker  grew  rapidly  in  the  southwestern  part  of 
Indiana,  and  the  missionary  spirit  waned.  Mr. 
McCoy  was  appointed  for  one  year,  but  had  no 
thought  that  he  should  cease  to  lal>or  for  the  red 
man  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  ;  his  plans  em- 
braced many  years.  After  spending  some  time 
in  AVestern  Indiana,  it  occurred  to  him  that  he 
should  move  to  Fort  Wayne  and  establish  a  mission. 
He  labored  there  till  1822,  when  he  established  a 
mission  about  one  mile  west  of  where  Niles  (Mich- 
igan) now  is.     He  named  it  Carey,  after  the  English 


missionary.  Mr.  McCoy  and  his  wife  entered  upon 
this  missionary  work  with  all  the  zeal  and  strength 
of  faith  that  characterized  the  life  and  labors  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson.  And  their  faith  did  not  fail. 
Deprivations,  sicknesses,  and  sorrows  such  as  but 
few  mortals  know  were  not  strangers  to  them.  Mr. 
McCoy  rode  hundreds  of  miles  through  the  wilder- 
ness, and  .'iwam  the  swollen  streams,  lying  on  the 
wet  ground  at  night,  for  the  sake  of  carrying  for 
ward  his  missions.  He  went  on  horseback  to  Wash- 
ington several  times  to  interest  Congress  in  meas- 
ures beneficial  to  the  Indian.  Many  months  would 
be  occupied  in  these  journeys.  One  of  the  se- 
verest trials  that  Mr.  McCoy  was  called  to  bear 
was  that  during  his  absence  from  home  sickness 
and  sometimes  death  would  visit  his  family.  Five 
of  his  children  were  called  by  death  at  different 
times  while  he  was  absent  from  home.  Persons  of 
narrow  selfish  views  would  readily  call  him  cruel 
and  indifferent,  but  men  who  could  rise  to  his  plane 
of  devotion  to  the  wi>rk  that  he  believed  God  had 
given  him  can  see  that  his  loyalty  to  the  Master 
was  superior  even  to  parental  affection.  No  man 
loved  his  wife  and  children  more  than  he. 

Many  conversions  occurred  at  the  Carey  mission. 
The  hymns  composed  by  him  on  the  occasion  of  the 
first  baptism  at  Fort  Wayne  and  at  Carey  are  ex- 
pressive at  once  of  his  great  joy  and  his  great  hope 
of  what  would  yet  be  done  for  the  Indian. 

He  records  that  the  greatest  obstacle  by  far  that 
he  was  obliged  to  meet  in  his  labors  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Indians  was  the  introduction  of  whisky 
among  them  by  white  men.  So  great  were  his 
annoyances  at  one  time  that  he  decided  to  send 
several  of  his  Indian  pupils  East  to  be  educated,  so 
that  they  might  become  teachers  for  their  own  peo- 
ple. They  found  a  re.ady  welcome  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y. 

His  labors  at  AVashington  were  to  secure  a  terri- 
tory for  the  Indians  into  which  the  white  man 
might  not  intrude  his  wicked  commerce.  This  he 
regarded  as  the  only  sure  hope  for  the  Christiani- 
zation  or  civilization  of  the  red  men.  He  lived  to 
see  some  of  the  tribes  settled  on  their  own  territory, 
industrious  and  happy.  In  his  labors  for  the  pas- 
sage of  such  acts  as  he  recommended  to  Congress 
he  speaks  of  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  afforded 
him  by  Spencer  H.  Cone,  AVilliam  Colgate,  and 
others  of  his  brethren. 

Oct.  9,  1825,  Mr.  McCoy  preached  the  first  ser- 
mon in  English  ever  delivered  in  Chicago  or  near 
its  site.  In  1826  he  gave  up  the  personal  superin- 
tendence of  the  Carey  mission  for  the  purpose  of 
selecting  lands  for  the  Indians  farther  AVest.  lie 
m.ade  surveys  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
several  times  went  to  AVashington  to  communicate 
facts  to  Congress  and  to  lay  his  plans  before  that 
body.     In  1840  he  published  his  "  History  of  In- 


MCCOY 


767 


MCCUNE 


dian  Affairs,"  a  volume  of  600  octavo  pages,  and 
full  of  interest.  In  l.H4li  the  American  Indian 
Mission  Association  was  formed,  and  he  was  made 
secretary,  with  headquarters  at  Louisville,  Ky. 

In  June,  1846,  as  he  was  returning  from  Jeffer- 
sonville,  where  he  had  preached,  he  was  caught  in 
a  rain-storm,  from  the  effects  of  whicli  he  died  in  a 
few  days  at  his  home  in  Louisville. 

"His  life  and  labors  were  truly  the  connecting 
link  between  barbarism  and  civilization  in  this 
region  of  th^  country  and  over  a  large  portion  of 
the  West.  His  perseverance  and  devotion  were 
morally  and  heroically  sublime.  For  nearly  thirty 
years  he  was  the  apostle  to  the  Indians  of  the 
West."  His  last  words  were,  '"Tell  the  brethren, 
never  to  let  the  Indian  mission  decline." 

McCoy,  Milton,  M.I).,  was  born  in  Kanawha 
Co.,  West  Va.,  in  January,  1824.  He  professed  con- 
version, and  joined  the  Hansford  Baptist  church  in 
1847,  being  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  that 
church  by  Rev.  M.  M.  Rock.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  1849 ;  removed  to  Moniteau 
Co.,  Mo.,  in  1853,  and  to  Boonville  in  1863.  He 
was  a  constituent  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Tipton,  Mo.,  which  was  formed  in  1858, 
and  of  which  he  was  made  a  deacon.  Upon  his 
removal  to  Boonville  he  was  made  a  deacon  there, 
and  has  held  the  office  ever  since.  For  years  he 
has  been  one  of  the  main  pillars  in  the  church. 

McCraW,  Rev.  A.  G.,  a  native  of  Newberry  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  was  born  June  4,  1<S03.  He  is  of  Scotch 
descent.  In  1818,  with  his  father,  he  removed  to 
Alabama,  and  located  in  Perry  County.  An  in- 
dustrious student,  he  pursued  an  extensive  range 
of  historic  reading;  was  baptized  at  Ocmulgee 
church  in  May,  1828,  and  began  at  once  to  preach 
the  gospel;  was  ordained  in  1831,  Rev.  George 
Everett  receiving  ordination  at  the  same  time ; 
these  two  labored  much  together,  mainly  as  evan- 
gelists. They  planted  a  number  of  churches,  had 
many  revivals,  and  baptized  large  numbers  of  con- 
verts ;  in  one  of  their  revivals  200  were  baptized 
in  Shelby  County  in  1832.  In  1835  he  became 
pastor  of  the  large  and  influential  church  at  Oc- 
mulgee,— a  position  which  he  liold  for  many  years. 
In  1851  he  became  pastor  in  the  growing  city  of 
Selma,  where  he  led  a  career  of  success  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  Jan.  14,  1861.  Always  in 
easy  circumstances,  Jlr.  McCraw  latwred  constantly 
in  the  ministry,  and  with  but  small  remuneration. 
He  was  prominently  connected  with  the  leading 
interest.s  of  Alabama  Baptists,  earnestly  pleading 
every  cause  fostered  by  our  State  Convention.  He 
was  several  years  president  of  that  body.  lie 
reared  a  highly  accomplished  family. 

McCraW,  Rev.  N.  F.,  an  active  and  efficient 
minister  of  the  Bayou  Macon  Association,  La.,  was 
born  in  Tennessee  in  1S2S;  did  much  to  strengthen 


the  Baptist  churches  between  the  Mississippi  and 
Ouachita  Rivers.     Died  in  1874. 

McCuIloch,  Rev.  Jno,  V.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1820.  He  set- 
tled in  Dallas  County,  Ark.,  in  1839,  and  shortly 
afterwards  began  to  preach,  though  not  ordained 
until  1851.  Abounding  in  labors  in  the  gospel,  he 
preached  in  all  the  surrounding  country  ;  was  in- 
strumental in  forming  most  of  the  early  churches 
in  the  region  between  the  Ouachita  and  Saline 
Rivers.  He  even  extended  his  labors  into  the  re- 
gion between  the  Bayou  Bartholomew  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  where  he  died  from  malarial  fever 
in  1874.  This  useful  minister  is  affectionately  re- 
membered by  the  people. 

McCoIly,  Judge  Jonathan,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel 
McCully,  was  born  in  Nappan,  Nova  Scotia,  July 
25,  1809.  He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1849. 
He  removed  to  Halifax  soon  after,  and  became 
deacon  of  the  North  Baptist  church  in  that  city, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death,  Jan.  2,  1877. 
lie  was  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Legislative 
Council  and  of  the  Senate  of  Canada,  and  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  an 
able  lawyer,  statesman,  and  judge.  He  left  be- 
quests to  Acadia  College  and  foreign  missions. 

McCully,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia.  He  was  converted  under  the  ministry  of 
Rev.  Joseph  Crandall,  and  embracing  Baptist  prin- 
ciples, was  immersed  by  him  in  1813.  He  was 
ordained  at  Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  in  1820. 
From  1827  he  w.as  associated  in  labor  with  Rev. 
Charles  Tupper  at  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  but 
preached  frequently  in  Cumberland  and  Westmore- 
land Counties.  Faithful  and  earnest,  6rm  yet 
pacific,  his  lalxtrs  were  highly  prized. 

McCune,  Hon.  Henry  E.,  deacon  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Dixon,  Cal.,  a  man  of  great  social,  politi- 
cal, and  religious  influence,  an  intelligent  Christian 
and  generous  Baptist.  Through  his  liberality  the 
large  college  property  at  A''acaville,  worth  §20,000, 
was  secured  for  California  (Baptist)  College.  He 
is  president  of  its  board,  and  a  large  contributor  to 
its  funds.  The  Dixon  house  of  worship,  an  elegant 
edifice,  was  erected  by  his  aid  as  a  chief  contribu- 
tor. He  was  l)orn  .June  10,  1825,  in  Pike  Co.,  Mo. ; 
baptized  in  March,  1840,and  joined  the  Penochurch  ; 
removed  to  California,  and  settled  near  Vacaville,  So- 
lano Co.,  in  1854  ;  went  into  the  organization  of  the 
Vacaville  Baptist  church  in  1856  ;  was  ordained  as 
deacon  in  1863.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
senate  of  California,  and  serveil  two  terms.  By  oc- 
cupation he  is  a  farmer,  and  holds  several  thousand 
acres  of  fine  land.  Deacon  McCune  has  been  greatly 
prospered  :  but  he  holds  his  wealth  as  a  trust  for 
the  Lord,  and,  though  he  gives  wisely  and  largely 
for  church  and  denominational  enterprises,  and  is 
loved  and  honored  by  all  who  know  him,  he  is  one 


MODANIEL 


768 


MODONALD 


of  the  most  modest  and  unassuming  of  men. 
home  and  heart  and  purse  are  all  for  Christ. 


His 


HON.  IIENRV    E.   M  CL'NE. 


JAMES    M'DANIEL,  O.D. 


McDaniel,  James,  D.D.,  was  one  of  the  men 
whom  the  Baptists   of  North  Carolina  delighted 


to  honor.     He  was  born  near  Fayetteville,  N.  C, 
1n   1803 ;   was   baptized   in    1827,    and   began   to 


preach  the  same  j-ear.  He  was  chiefly  instru- 
mental in  the  organization  of  the  Fayetteville  Bap- 
tist church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  for  thirty-two 
years.  For  six  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  cliurch  of  Wilmington,  N.  C,  during  a 
part  of  which  time  he  w.is  also  editor  of  a  religious 
journal. 

Dr.  McDaniel  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Baptist  State  Convention,  being  present  at  its  or- 
ganization in  Greenville,  Pitt  Co.,  in  1830,  and  he 
had  the  honor  of  presiding  over  its  deliberations 
for  nineteen  years.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest  College  for  many  years,  and  his  zeal  in  the 
cause  of  missions  was  ardent  and  unremitting. 
He  was  clerk  of  Cape  Fear  Association  for  fourteen 
years.  Dr.  McDaniel  possessed  in  a  rare  degree 
the  gifts  and  graces  of  the  orator,  and  many  are  the 
traditions  of  the  pathos  and  power  of  his  preaching 
in  his  younger  days.  At  a  good  old  age,  and  with 
his  natural  force  unabated,  this  eminent  divine 
was  gathered  to  his  fathers  in  1870.  Wake  Forest 
College  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
upon  him  in  1S08. 

McDonald,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  bom  in 
1814,  in  Scotland.  He  was  converted  at  Margaree, 
Cape  Breton,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Wm.  Burton. 
He  studied  at  Acadia  College  from  1838  to  1841. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  in  Prince  Edward  Island. 
He  was  pastor  of  Carleton  Baptist  church,  St. 
•John,  New  Brunswick,  from  1846  to  1849.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1851.  He  was  an  earnest,  fiiithful,  and 
useful  minister. 

McDonald,  Gov.  Charles  J.,  was  born  in  Char- 
leston, S.  C,  in  July,  1793.  .His  parents  removed 
to  Georgia  during  his  infancy.  In  his  youth  he 
was  sent  to  a  classical  school  in  Hancock  Co.,  Ga., 
and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  South  Caro- 
lina during  the  presidency  of  Jonatlian  Maxey,  who 
at  twenty-four  years  of  age  wa.s  president  of  Brown 
University.  Returning  to  Georgia,  young  McDon- 
ald studied  law,  and  even  in  his  early  manhood  took 
rank  with  the  best  lawyers  in  the  State.  In  a  short 
time  he  was  elected  by  the  Legislature  to  a  judgeship 
of  the  Superior  Court.  Though  his  duties  were  con- 
fined to  a  district,  he  .acquitted  liimself  in  this  office 
80  handsomely  that  he  became  known  throughout 
the  State  as  one  of  its  ablest  jurists.  Having  pre- 
viously been  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  he  had 
acquired  .some  standing  among  politicians,  and  in 
1S39  was  elected  governor  of  the  State  by  a  hand- 
some majority.  I"  1841  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  office,  although  the  State,  at  an  election  held 
for  President  of  the  United  States  only  a  short  time 
previously,  had  given  a  large  majority  to  his  politi- 
cal opponents.  The  fact  shows  that  he  was  a  far 
more  popular  man  with  the  people  than  the  party 
with  which  he  was  identified.  Retiring  from  the 
gubernatorial  chair,  and  being  still  in  the  vigor  of 


MCDONALD 


769 


MCDONALD 


his  days,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  But  in 
a  short  time  the  people  called  him  to  be  a  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  he  continued 
in  the  office  until  disabled  by  the  illness  which 


GOV.  CH.\RLES    J.   M  DONALD. 

terminated  in  his  death.  He  died  at  his  beautiful 
home  in  Marietta,  Ga.,  in  December.  1800. 

Perhaps  no  man  was  more  popular  in  his  day 
than  Gov.  McDonald.  Besides  coiiiinaniling  all  the 
votes  of  his  party  when  a  candidate  for  office  before 
the  people,  he  was  sustained,  from  personal  con- 
siderations, by  many  who  dissented  from  his  politi- 
cal views.  This  was  not  because  he  descended  to 
the  low  e.xpedients  of  the  partisan  in  seeking  sup- 
porters. He  utterly  despised  all  unworthy  means. 
It  was  his  tine  character  which  commanded  uni- 
versal respect.  His  integrity  was  above  reproach, 
whilst  as  a  politician  he  always  aimed  at  the  gen- 
eral good.  On  one  occasion  during  a  heated  can- 
vass, a  friend  suggested  a  method  by  which  Iio 
might  gain  a  great  advantage  over  his  opponent. 
'■  It  is  not  honorable,"  said  the  governor.  "  What 
of  that?  It  will  never  be  known."  "  I  shall  know 
it  myself:  and  a  man  cannot  afford  to  know  any- 
thing mean  of  himself.'' 

The  confidence  which  the  people  reposed  in  his 
judgment  was  another  source  of  the  support  he  en- 
joyed at  their  hands,  llis  mind  was  remarkably 
well-balanced.  He  was  singularly  sagacious  and 
discriminating  ;  and  had  he  been  connected  as  inti- 
mately with  the  national  as  with  State  politics, 
would  have  left  the  impress  of  his  wisdom  on  the 
legislation  of  the  countrv.    Throu shout  life  he  was 


a  man  of  the  strictest  probity  and  morality.  It  is 
believed  by  those  who  knew  him  best  that  he  had 
experienced  converting  grjice,  and,  though  not  bap- 
tized, he  was  a  decided  Baptist,  and  like  Nicholas 
Brown,  was  closely  identified  with  the  Baptists. 

McDonald,  Rev.  D.  G.,  was  bom  Feb.  15, 1843, 
at  Uigg,  Prince  Eilward  Island,  where  his  conver- 
sion and  baptism  took  place  in  1863.  He  studied 
at  Acadia  College,  and  was  ordained  at  Xewport, 
Xova  Scotia,  Jan.  10,  1873.  He  labored  as  a  mis- 
sionary for  some  time  on  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Subsequently  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Charlottetown,  the  capital  of  that  prov- 
ince, where  his  ministry  proved  highly  beneficial. 

McDonald,  Henry,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
cnuntv  of  Antrim,  in  thi-  north  of  Ireland,  Jan.  3, 
1S32.  He  was  nurtured  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  to  which  his  parents  and  ancestors  all  be- 
longed. He  was  educated  in  the  national  schools 
of  Ireland,  and  afterwards  passed  through  the  regu- 
lar course  of  the  Normal  School,  Dublin.  In  1848 
he  left  his  native  country  in  consequence  of  the 
failure  of  the  patriots  to  throw  from  them  the  yoke 
of  British  oppression,  and  reached  New  Orleans, 
which  city  he  left,  after  a  few  weeks,  to  visit  Ken- 
tucky. He  taught  school  for  some  time  in  Greens- 
burg  Co.,  Ky..  and  afterwards  studied  l.aw  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  During  his  residence  in 
Greensburg  County  he  made  a  thorough  examina- 
tion of  the  doctrines  of  Roman  Catholicism,  the  re- 
sult of  which,  after  a  severe  mental  struggle,  was 
the  rejection  of  the  whole  system  as  unscriptural. 
Abandoning  his  faith  in  the  church's  dogmas,  he 
was  led  to  a  complete  trust  in  Christ  alone  for  sal- 
vation. In  consequence  of  this  radical  change  in 
hia  religious  views  and  feelings,  he  publicly  pro- 
fessed his  faith  in  Christ,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Greensburg,  having  been  baptized 
by  the  pastor,  the  Rev.  George  Peck.  He  soon  felt 
it  to  be  his  duty  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry, 
and  was  accordingly  licensed  by  the  church  and 
subsequently  ordained,  in  May,  1854.  He  was 
invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Greens- 
burg, and  served  it  with  great  success  for  nearly 
ten  years.  During  this  period  he  was  also  pastor, 
at  different  times,  of  the  Friendship  and  Camp- 
bellsville  churches,  in  Taylor  County,  and  the 
Mount  Gilead  church,  in  Greene  County.  For  one 
year  he  was  pastor  of  the  Tate's  Creek  and  Waco 
churches  in  M.idison  County,  and  for  six  years  of 
the  Danville  church.  He  was  afterwards  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Georgetown,  Ky..and  at  the  same 
time  elected  to  a  professorship  of  Theology  in  the 
Western  Baptist  Theological  Institute,  from  which 
position  he  subsequently  retired  to  fill  the  chair  of 
Moral  Philo.sophy  in  the  Georgetown  College,  Ky. 
The  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  the  Georgetown  College,  and  the  degree  of 


MCDOUGAL 


770 


MCINTOSH 


D.D.  by  both  the  Georj;eto\vn  and  Bethel  CoUeijes, 
Ky.  Several  years  ago,  Dr.  McDonald  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Richmond,  Va.,  which  he  accepted,  and  where  he 
still  labors  with  eminent  success.  In  1856  he  mar- 
ried, in  Greensburg,  Miss  Mattie  Harding,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Aaron  Harding,  for  several  successive 
terms  a  representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky. 
Dr.  McDonald  is  greatl}^  gifted  as  a  preacher,  ini- 
pasaioned,  eloquent,  and  a  master  of  men's  emotional 
nature.  Those  who  know  him  intimately  honor 
him  greatly. 

McDougal,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Dub- 
lin, Ireliuuj,  about  ITo.S.  In  his  twenty-first  year 
he  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Wilmington, 
N.  C,  from  which  he  soon  afterwards  removed  to 
Union  District,  S.  C.  He  and  his  wife  were  Pres- 
byterians, but  about  1770  he  became  convinced 
that  he  was  without  Christ.  He  was  deeply  con- 
victed of  sin.  When  he  found  peace  in  Jesus  he 
united  with  a  Baptist  church,  and  soon  began  to 
e.\hort.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  about 
1775.  This  was  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rev- 
olution. Warmly  espousing  the  cause  of  the  col- 
onies, "he  divided  his  time,  during  the  war,  be- 
tween cultivating  his  farm,  preaching  the  gospel, 
and  ligliting  the  Tories."  He  continued  preaching 
in  his  adopted  State  until  about  the  year  1800, 
when  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in 
Hardin  County.  Here,  in  1803,  he  became  pastor 
of  Nolin  church,  and  he  was  also  pastor  of  Severns 
Valley  church.  He  continued  to  serve  these  com- 
munities until  his  ninety-fifth  year,  when  he  re- 
signed. He  died  March  3,  1841,  aged  one  hundred 
and  three  years. 

McDowell,  Archibald,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ker- 
shaw Co.,  S.  C,  in  1S18  ;  became  a  Christian  early  ; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1849  ;  was  for 
a  time  tutor  in  that  institution,  then  took  charge 
of  the  new  enterprise  since  known  as  the  Chowan 
Female  Institute,  at  Murfreesborough,  and  after- 
wards removed  to  Milton,  where  he  preached  and 
taught.  In  185.3-.54  he  taught  in  Raleigh,  but  re- 
turned in  1855  to  the  Chowan  Institute,  where  he 
has  been  ever  since,  having  become  president  in 
1862.  He  received  his  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wake 
Forest  College,  of  which  he  has  long  been  a  trustee. 

McFarland,  Rev.  Arthur,  a  pioneer  preacher 
in  North  Louisiana,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1793;  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1821,  and  with  his 
father-in-law,  Elder  James  Brinson,  united  with  the 
Pine  Hills  Baptist  church,  the  first  gathered  be- 
tween the  Ouachita  and  Red  Rivers.  Shortly  after 
he  began  to  preach,  and  continued  to  labor  in  the 
region  where  he  resided  until  disabled  by  age.  He 
died  at  Athens,  La.,  Aug.  21,  1878.  He  is  men- 
tioned by  Benedict  as  one  of  his  correspondents  in 
Louisiana. 


McGee,  Rev.  W.  H.,  pastor  at  Minden,  La., 
and  secretary  of  Louisiana  Baptist  Convention, 
was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1846 ;  graduated  at 
Mississippi  College  in  1876  ;  in  1877  called  to  his 
present  field,  where  his  labors  have  been  greatly 
blessed. 

McGuire,  Rev.  John  A.,  a  veteran  Baptist  min- 
ister, residing  at  Monroe,  La.,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1799;  began  to  preach  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enteen. He  labored  successfully  in  his  native  State 
until  1850,  when  he  settled  pcrnmnently  at  Monroe, 
La.,  where  he  gathered  a  few  Baptists  into  a  church 
and  became  their  pastor.  The  circumstances  were 
most  unfavorable,  but  he  Labored  with  such  success 
that  a  comfortable  house  was  built,  and  another 
church  gathered  at  Trenton,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river.  He  has  lived  to  witness  a  commo- 
dious brick  edifice  take  the  place  of  the  first  humble 
house  of  worship,  and  two  strong  churches  grown 
up  from  the  seed  he  sowed. 

Mcintosh,  W.  H.,  D.D.,  a  descendant  of  Gen. 
Mcintosh  of  American    Revolutionary  fame,  was 


W.  n.  MCINTOSH,   D.I>. 

born  in  Mcintosh  Co.,  Ga.,  April  4,  1811.  After 
thorough  preparation  for  college,  he  finished  his 
education  in  Furman  Institution,  S.  C,  under  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Furman  and  Dr.  Jesse  Hartwell. 
Preached  for  some  years  as  voluntary  missionary, 
under  a  license  from  the  Sunberry  Baptist  church, 
and  was  ordained  by  the  South  Newport  church  in 
1836.  Became  pastor  at  Darien  in  18.38,  where  he 
remained  for  eleven  years.  In  1849  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  in  Eufaula,  Ala.,  and  remaining 


M<^ I  VIC  It 


(1 


Ml- KIN  LA  V 


there  six  years,  in  1855  lie  accepted  the  call  of  the 
Siloain  church  in  Marion;  and,  after  a  pastorate 
tlic.re  of  seventeen  years,  he  was,  in  1X72,  called  to 
Macon,  Ga.,  from  which  he  returned  to  Marion, 
Ala.,  in  the  fall  of  1875,  to  assume  the  correspond- 
ing secretaryship  of  the  Home  Mission  Board  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  of  which  he  was 
president  dnrin"  his  long  pastorate  in  that  place. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on 
him  by  two  institutions  in  1868, — CoUimbian  Col- 
lege, Washington,  D.  C,  and  Baylor  University, 
Texas.  Dr.  Mcintosh  is  a  man  of  dignified  pres- 
ence, engaging  manners,  and  high  character.  There 
is  no  minister  in  our  acquaintance  more  widely 
honored  and  beloved.  His  letters  and  discourses 
are  traced  by  a  remarkably  graceful  and  vigorous 
pen  ;  and  rare  tact,  energy,  and  executive  power 
are  displayed  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his 
responsible  office. 

Mclver,  Hon.  Alex.  M.,  a  native  of  Darlington 
District,  S.  C,  was  born  on  the  21st  of  February, 
17'J'J.  He  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  1817.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  law 
court  in  1820,  and  in  that  of  equity  in  1828.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  1830  to  1833, 
and  in  1841  was  elected  solicitor  of  the  northern 
circuit.  He  was  twice  re-elected,  and  died  in  his 
third  term,  on  the  10th  of  July,  18-50.  His  de- 
scendants are  among  the  most  honorable  in  the 
State.  As  a  Christian  and  a  Baptist  he  adorned 
his  profession,  "  walking  in  all  the  statutes  and  or- 
dinances of  the  Lord  blameless." 

Mclver,  Rev.  D.  R.  W.,  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  in  1794;  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  South  Carolina.  Being  a  man  of  large  property 
his  early  labors  were  devoted  to  the  poor,  preaching 
on  the  plantations  to  the  slaves.  He  filled  a  suc- 
cessful pastorate  at  Prattville  and  Wetumpka,  Ala. 
In  1856  he  removed  to  De  Soto  Parish,  La.  Here 
he  labored  with  great  success  until  1862.  He  died 
Feb.  10,  1863. 

McKay,  Rev.  Uriah,  was  bom  in  the  State  of 
Indiana  in  1821.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was 
baptized.  He  went  to  Franklin  College  to  obtain 
a  better  education,  to  prepare  for  usefulness  in  the 
world  without  having  the  ministry  in  view  ;  spent 
some  time  preaching  and  teaching  in  Indiana.  He 
went  to  Illinois  in  18,54,  and  was  ordained  the  next 
year.  He  spent  fourteen  years  in  Effingham  Co., 
III.,  preaching  most  of  the  time  for  but  little  com- 
pensation. He  came  to  Iowa  in  1868,  and  is  now 
living  on  a  farm  at  Elm  Grove,  near  Des  Moines. 
He  has  been  employed  cliielly  since  coming  to  Iowa 
in  preaching  to  feeble  churches  in  destitute  fields, 
doing  good  service  for  the  cause  of  Christ  by  liis 
earnest  labors,  his  consistent  and  cheerful  Chris- 
tian life,  and  hearty  co-operation  in  all  denomina- 
tional works.     He  represents  a  class  of  men  in  the 


ministry  found  in  Iowa  who,  while  supporting 
themselves  by  the  labors  of  their  own  hands,  have 
contributed  largely  to  the  growth  and  prosperity 
of  the  denomination. 

McKenzie,  Rev.  David  Banks,  was  born  ir» 
Liverpool,  England.  June  20,  IS.jO,  and  came  to 
America,  arriving  at  Boston  April  15,  1848.  In 
1853  he  became  the  subject  of  religious  impressions, 
and  was  immersed  by  Rev.  Mr.  Pierce,  at  Glouces- 
ter, Mass.  He  had  a  natural  love  for  the  ocean, 
followed  the  sea  in  early  youth,  and  during  the 
civil  war  in  the  United  States  entered  the  navy,  and 
was  three  times  promoted  for  meritorious  service. 
For  many  years,  though  he  had  professed  Christi- 
anity, he  lived  in  sin,  gave  him.self  to  the  world, 
was  very  intemperate,  and  apparently  a  moral 
wreck,  until,  in  December,  1871,  he  was  rescued  by 
sovereign  grace,  and  gave  himself  fully  to  the  Sa- 
viour. He  began  his  real  i-eligious  life  as  a  temper- 
ance preacher,  and  had  immense  success  in  Nevr 
England,  where  thousands  were  reclaimed.  He 
enlisted  benevolent  persons  in  the  work,  and  built 
reformatories  in  many  places.  In  1877  he  extended 
his  mission  to  California,  and  in  April,  18,80,  after 
two  years'  absence,  returned  to  that  State  to  labor 
permanently  in  the  gospel,  as  temperance  reformer 
and  pastor.  He  possesses  unusual  gifts  for  per- 
suading men  to  forsake  their  evil  ways,  and  in  all 
places  stirs  the  people  to  active  and  earnest  work  to 
save  the  fallen  and  rescue  the  perishing  from  tem- 
poral and  eternal  ruin. 

McKenzie,  William  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Liv- 
erpool, Nova  Scotia,  Fell.  29,  1832.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Harvard  University  in  the  class  of  1855. 
He  was  ordained  in  April.  1857,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Abington,  Mass.,  one  year,  and  of 
the  church  in  Andover,  Mass.,  for  two  years.  For 
six  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Friendship  Street 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  was  pastor  in  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  also  six  years.  In  1872 
he  received  an  appointment  as  district  secretary  of 
the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  which 
position  he  now  holds. 

McKinlay,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Alexandria, 
Dumbartonshire,  Scotland,  March  6,  1831.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1855,  and  was  employed  as 
a  designer  in  the  Pacific  Mills,  Lawrence,  Mass. 
While  thus  occupied  be  became  a  subject  of  con- 
verting grace,  and  feeling  it  to  be  his  duty  to  preach 
the  gospel,  he  pursued  his  studies  at  Fairfax,  Vt., 
and  at  Andover,  Mass.  lie  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Lebanon,  N.  II..  in  November,  1862. 
where  he  labored  with  great  acceptance  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  Sept.  20,  1SG8. 

"  He  was  a  close  and  diligent  student  of  the 
Scriptures,  always  bringing  well-beaten  oil  to  the 
sanctuary.  Every  sermon  bore  the  stamp  of  his 
own  genius.     He  could  not  be  a  servile  copyist. 


MCLAFFERTY 


772 


MOLEOD 


He  was  always  John  McKinlay,  aiiJ  Scotch  at  that. 
He  had  the  Scotch  acumen  to  detect  the  truth,  tlie 
Scotcli  tenacity  to  hoKl  it,  tlie  Scotch  wit  to  garnish 
it  in  impressive  style,  and  he  had  withal  the  Scotch 
energy  and  accent  of  speech  to  apply  it." 

McLafferty,  Rev.  B.  S.,  educated  for  the  law, 
deilicated  himself  to  the  ministry,  and  was  pas- 
tor in  Illinois.  Under  appointment  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society  he  went  to  tlie  Pacific  coast  in 
1864-0.5;  was  pastor  at  Virginia  City,  and  preached 
Jit  Carson,  the  capital  of  Nevada,  until  ill  health 
forced  him  to  settle  in  the  better  climate  of  Peta- 
luma,  Cal.  He  had  great  success  here  as  pastor; 
sought  to  establish  a  Baptist  institution  at  Peta- 
luraa ;  traveled  for  a  time,  and  did  much  to  enlist 
the  churches  in  education  and  in  missionary  work. 
He  is  a  busy  worker  and  a  vigorous  preacher. 
Continued  ill  health  led  him  after  brief  pastor- 
ates to  take  an  ocean  voyage  to  China,  where  he 
visited  missionaries  and  mission  stations.  After 
his  return  he  was  pastoral  supply  of  tlie-First  Bap- 
tist church,  San  Francisco,  for  a  time  pastor  at  San 
Diego,  and  afterwards  at  Oakland  fir  several  years, 
until  near  the  close  of  1878.  The  Oakland  church 
had  large  accessions  during  his  ministry.  In  1879 
he  visited  the  Atlantic  States,  and  on  his  return 
made  the  tour  of  Oregon,  preaching  to  the  churches 
and  assisting  in  revival  meetings.  The  church  at 
Eugene,  the  southernmost  city  in  Oregon,  and  seat 
of  the  State  University,  called  him  to  its  pastorate 
in  June,  1879. 

McLean,  Kev.  Thomas  George,  was  bom  May 
18,  1843,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  at  Montreal, 
Canada  :  spent  his  youth  at  Chicago  and  Wauke- 
gan.  111.  He  was  converted  at  fifteen,  and  after  six 
years'  struggle  with  doubts  as  to  Presbyterianism, 
finally  yielded  to  his  convictions,  was  immersed  by 
Dr.  Everts,  joined  the  First  church  of  Chicago  in 
1864,  and  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  army  ;  decided  on  his 
return  home  to  enlist  in  the  ministry  ;  graduated 
in  1869  at  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  and 
during  his  studies  had  charge  of  the  Erie  Street 
Mission,  and  preached  at  Englewood.  He  settled 
and  was  ordained  pastor  at  Cordova,  111.,  in  1870. 
After  three  years'  service  at  Cordova,  with  health 
impaired,  he  removed  to  California  ;  was  five  years 
pastor  at  Brooklyn  ;  and  in  1878  became  mission- 
ary and  pastor  in  Santa  Barbara  County,  where  he 
has  the  oversight  of  the  Carpenteria  and  Santa 
Paula  churches  ;  preaches  at  four  stations,  labors 
in  revivals,  and  is  moderator  of  Santa  Barbara  As- 
sociation. 

McLeam,  Rev.  Richard,  was  bom  in  Rawdon, 
^Jova  Scotia  ;  was  converted  and  baptized  when  a 
youth ;  ordained  March  10,  1828,  as  pastor  of  the 
Rawdon  Baptist  church  ;  subsequently  served  the 
church  in  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  as  pastorfor  twelve 
years,  when   bronchial   disease  compelled  him  to 


withdraw  from  the  pulpit,  but  his  integrity,  piety, 
and  prudence  continued  to  serve  the  church  of 
Christ  until  called  hence,  Aug.  17,  1860. 

UcLeod,  Sir  Donald  F.,  Companion  of  the 
Bath,  and  Knight  Commander  of  the  Star  of 
India,  was  bom  in  Fort  William,  Calcutta,  May 
6,  1810;  his  family  were  Scotch,  and  to  their  coun- 
try he  was  sent  for  his  education.  At  eighteen  he 
returned  to  India,  and  some  time  after  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  assistant  magistrate. 

When  about  twenty-one,  while  stationed  at 
Monghir,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ganges,  midway 
between  Calcutta  and  Allahabad,  the  Redeemer 
found  and  saved  him,  gave  him  a  new  heart  and 
character,  and  fresh  aims  and  motives.  The  in- 
strument used  in  this  work  was  Rev.  A.  Leslie,  a 
devoted  Baptist  missionary.  Speaking  of  this 
change  just  after  it  occurred,  Sir  Donald  says,  "  I 
have  attained  a  confidence  and  tranquillity  in  re- 
gard to  my  worldly  duties  from  which  the  weak- 
ness of  my  character  formerly  debarred  me,  and  I 
have  now  been  freed  from  despondency  and  gloom- 
iness of  spirits,  to  which  for  the  five  previous  years 
I  was  continually  a  martyr."  And  on  another  oc- 
casion, speaking  of  prayer,  he  says,  "  I  resort  to  it 
in  the  morning,  not  only  as  the  most  delightful  but 
as  the  most  necessary  act  of  the  day,  for  without  it 
I  should  have  no  peace,  no  power,  and  during  the 
remainder  of  the  day,  whatever  of  difficulty  or  an- 
noyance presents  itself,  my  mind  flies  up  to  its 
Creator  and  is  at  rest."  After  obtaining  mercy 
through  the  blood  of  the  Lamb,  he  solicited  bap- 
tism. Mr.  Leslie  warned  him  of  the  contempt 
which  would  meet  him  from  the  circle  in  which  he 
moved,  but  he  was  ready  to  follow  Christ  in  the 
baptismal  waters  regardless  of  all  consequences, 
and  he  was  duly  immersed  in  the  name  of  the 
adorable  Trinity,  and  he  continued  to  the  close  of 
his  life  in  communion  with  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion. 

Sir  Donald  immediately  after  his  conversion  be- 
gan to  plan  for  the  secular  and  religious  enlight- 
enment of  the  people  among  whom  he  lived,  whose 
heathenism  deeply  moved  his  heart.  He  gave  large 
sums  of  money  to  assist  educational  efforts  and 
benevolent  movements,  and  his  whole  soul  was  en- 
listed in  the  work  of  the  missionaries.  Rev.  Behari 
Lai  Sing,  for  many  years  a  missionary  of  the  Free 
Church  of  Scotland  among  his  countrymen  in  In- 
dia, in  relating  his  conversion  from  heathenism. 
tells  about  his  education  in  Dr.  Duff's  celebrated 
school,  where  he  read  the  Bible,  and  in  a  medical 
institution,  without  any  inclination  to  Christianity, 
and  then  says,  "  It  was  the  pious  example  of  Sir 
Donald  F.  McLeod,  his  integrity,  honesty,  disinter- 
estedness, and  active  benevolence,  that  made  me 
think  that  Christianity  was  something  living,  that 
there  was  a  loving  power  in  Christ.     Here  is  a  man 


MCMASTER 


773 


MCMINNVILLE 


in  the  receipt  of  2(tOU  or  .'iOOo  rupees  a  month  :  lie 
spends  little  on  himself  iind  jrives  away  the  surplus 
for  education  and  fur  the  temporal  and  spiritual 
welfare  of  my  countrymen.  This  was  the  turning- 
point  in  my  religious  history,  and  led  to  my  con- 
version.'" 

Sir  Donald  was  specially  interested  in  missions 
to  some  of  the  aboriginal  races  of  India,  to  be 
found  in  large  numliers  in  the  hilly  regions.  These 
being  neither  Hindoos  nor  Mohammedans,  are  held 
in  contempt  by  both,  and  as  they  have  neither  lit- 
erature nor  a  priesthood,  they  are  far  more  acces- 
silile  to  the  gospel.  Among  them  he  sustained 
missionaries  at  his  own  expense,  and  though  death 
liiiidi'red  the  work,  yet  many  of  them  have  been 
brought  to  Jesus. 

In  his  official  career  his  fidelity  and  talents  grad- 
ually secured  his  promotion  in  the  civil  service, 
until  he  became  lieutenant-governor  of  the  Pun- 
jab; and  in  the  alarming  times  of  the  mutiny, 
when  butchery  and  terror  made  the  bravest  British 
hearts  in  India  tremble,  McLeod,  like  his  Baptist 
brother,  Ilavelock,  felt  courageous  in  the  Lord  his 
God,  and  rendered  services  to  his  country  which 
will  never  be  forgotten  by  natives  or  Britons  while 
the  history  of  English  rule  in  India  is  read;  for 
these  he  was  made  a  Companion  of  the  Bath  and  a 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Star  of  India. 

He  died  in  London,  Nov.  28,  1872,  full  of  the 
peace  of  God. 

McMaster,  Hon.  Senator  William,  was  born 
in  ISll,  in  the  county  of  Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  came 
to  Canada  at  the  age  of  twenty-two.  After  a  short 
clerkship  in  a  leading  Toronto  establishment,  he 
became  a  partner  in  the  business,  and  ultimately 
started  for  himself  as  a  wholesale  merchant.  The 
career  thus  commenced  has  been  eminently  success- 
ful, and  to-day  Mr.  McMaster's  name  is  almost  a 
household  word  in  the  Dominion,  as  one  of  its 
greatest  merchants  and  bankers.  For  many  years 
past  he  has  given  his  attention  to  purely  financial, 
far  more  than  to  commercial,  transactions.  He  is 
officially  connected  with  several  great  monetary  in- 
stitutions, the  most  important  of  which  is  the 
Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce.  He  has  held  the 
presidency  of  this  corporation  during  a  period  of 
twenty  years,  and  its  splendid  success  is  largely 
due  to  his  sagacity  and  prudence.  He  was  also, 
for  many  years.'chairman  of  the  Canadian  board 
of  directors  of  the  Great  Western  Railway. 

In  1S62,  at  the  solicitation  of  friends.  Mr.  Mc- 
Master reluctantly  consented  to  enter  jiolitical  life, 
and  w.as  elected  a  member  of  the  upper  house  of  the 
Canadian  Legislature  by  an  overwhelming  Liberal 
majority.  Immediately  afterthe  confederation  of  the 
British  American  provinces,  in  1865,  he  was  chosen 
Senator  of  the  dominion,  and  in  that  capacity  he 
still  continues  to  serve  his  country,     lie  was  ap- 


pointed a  member  in  the  same  year  of  the  council 
of  public  instruction,  and  in  1873  of  the  senate 
of  Toronto  University. 

Mr.  McMaster  was  converted  in  early  life,  and 


£-     %"^^^'^       ^t 


HON     SEN  \TOR    «IIIMM    MlH^TtR 

united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Omagh,  about 
forty  miles  from  Belfast,  in  his  native  land.  To 
the  denomination  in  Can.ada  he  is  a  tower  of  much 
strength.  Ilis  generous  aid  secured  the  erection 
and  re-erection  of  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute 
at  Woodstock  ;  and  he  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  the  formation  of  the  Superannuated  Ministers' 
Society,  of  which,  from  its  inception,  he  has  been 
the  honored  president.  Of  home  and  foreign  mis- 
sions he  is  a  steadfast  friend  ;  and  to  many  a  feeble 
church,  struggling  with  a  building  debt,  he  has 
rendered  timely  help.  A  leading  Toronto  paper 
remarks  that  "  the  Jarvis  Street  Baptist  church  (in 
which  he  worships)  is  one  of  the  costliest  and  hand- 
somest in  the  city,  and  will  as  long  as  it  stands  re- 
main a  memorial  of  his  liberality,  and  of  that  of 
the  equally  liberal-minded  lady  who  has,  since 
1871,  been  his  wife.''  But  the  crowning  achieve- 
ment of  his  well-spent  life  is  the  erection,  at  his 
own  cost,  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  College,  which  oc- 
cupies a  beautiful  site  in  the  Queen's  Park. 

Mr.  McMaster  has  reached  the  age  of  threescore 
years  and  ten,  but  "his  eye  is  not  dim,  nor  his 
natural  force  abated."  He  has  been  twice  married, 
his  present  wife  being  Sarah  Moulton,  widow  of 
the  late  James  Fraser,  Esq.,  of  Newburgh,  in  the 
State  of  New  York. 

McMinnville  Colle|pe  is  centrally  located  for 


MOPHERSON 


774 


MEACHAM 


the  Baptists  of  Oregon,  at  MoMinnville.  Chartered 
in  1852,  with  Rev.  (j.  C.  Chaiullor  as  president,  in 
spite  of  many  changes  it  has  continued  to  gain 
strength,  and  now  is  enlisting  the  hearty  support  of 
all  the  churches.  It  has  already  educated  some  of 
the  most  useful  men  and  women  in  the  State.  It  has 
a,  modest  building,  a  college  campus  of  five  acres, 
^l.'i.llOO  in  endowment  funds,  and  nearly  820,000 
already  secured  for  the  erection  of  a  brick  building. 
It  has  four  professors,  and  last  year  there  were  100 
students.  Rev.  G.  J.  Burchett,  the  president,  is 
one  of  the  best  educators  on  the  Pacific  coast,  lie 
has  tlie  confidence  of  the  churches,  and  under  his 
administration  the  college  is  doing  good  work  for 
the  denomination. 

McPherson,    Hon.   William,    was   bom   in 
Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  15,  1813.     Ilis  father  died 


^x^«^^ 


HON.  WILLIAM    M  PHERSOV. 

when  he  was  a  boy,  and  left  him  to  care  for  his 
mother  and  her  little  children.  While  he  met  this 
responsibility  nobly,  at  the  same  time  he  obtained 
a  good  education.  In  connection  with  school-teach- 
ing he  studied  law,  and  mastering  all  difficulties, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one.  He  first  pr.actised  law  in  Burlington,  Ky., 
aud  from  it  he  removed  to  Helena,  Ark.,  in  1836, 
and  was  successful.  From  Arkansas  he  removed 
to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  remained  there  till  his  death, 
in  1872.  Mr.  McPherson  was  a  man  of  command- 
ing presence  and  strong  common  sense.  He  took 
a  prominent  place  among  men  by  general  consent. 
He  was  a  man  of  vast  information.  He  had  one 
of  the  finest  private  libraries  in  the  West.     He  was 


noted  for  his  quick  penetration  and  well-considered 
plans.  He  had  great  magnetic  power  to  sway  men, 
of  which  he  seemed  to  be  unconscious. 

He  was  a  decided  Baptist.  On  Jan.  8,  1843,  he 
was  baptized  Vjy  Rev.  J.  T.  Ilinton,  and  united  with 
the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  lie  was  an 
unconscious  leader  in  Zion.  His  gifts  to  his  church 
were  large.  He  inauguratiid  the  building  of  the 
house  of  worship  at  the  corner  of  Si.xtli  and  Locust 
Streets,  and  gave  to  it  over  S6000.  He  held  otticial 
positions  in  our  State  and  national  denominational 
societies. 

The  great  bridge  across  the  Mississippi  at  St. 
Louis  was  built  by  capital  which  he  secured  in 
New  York,  which  was  necessary  to  its  success,  and 
he  was  president  of  the  company.  The  first  rail- 
road to  St.  Louis  was  established  by  his  aid.  He  , 
was  president  of  the  North  Missouri  Railroad,  and 
was  a  prominent  mover  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Bellefontaine  Cemetery.  His  labors  for  the  growth 
of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  were  not  surpa.sscd,  if 
equaled,  by  any  other  man.  His  will  to  accom- 
plish great  things,  througli  difficulties,  was  im- 
perial. 

After  a  long  illness,  he  came  to  church  for  the 
last  time  borne  in  a  chair.  Strcmg  men  wept  as 
he  came  in.  Dr.  G.  Anderson,  his  former  pastor, 
preached.  Dr.  Burlingham,  pastor  at  the  time, 
said,  "We  fear  this  is  too  much  for  you."  He  an- 
swered, "  I  was  determined  to  come."  Just  before 
he  died,  he  replied  to  a  question  in  reference  to  his 
future  hope,  "I  think  I  stand  on  granite."  These 
words  are  inscribed  on  his  tombstone.  There  the 
brave  man  reposes.     "  Peaceful  be  his  rest !" 

McWhorter,  A.  B.,  M.D.,  a  native  of  Sumter- 
ville,  S.  C,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1791  ;  departed  this 
life  Sept.  19,  1859;  resided  in  Montgomery,  Ala., 
from  1830  to  his  death,  and  constantly  secured  in 
that  city  the  universal  regard  of  the  people.  It  is 
conceded  that  the  Baptist  cause  at  the  capital  of 
our  State  is  more  indebted  to  him  for  the  strong 
position  which  it  has  sustained  for  forty  years 
than  to  any  other  person  now  living  or  dead. 
This  is  the  testimony  of  Dr.  Tichenor,  who  was 
his  pastor  for  many  years.  He  was  conscientiously 
particular  to  meet  all  his  obligations,  and  a  more 
hospitable  home  was  never  kept  in  that  city  of  rare 
hospitality.  Liberal  with  his  money,  generous  to 
the  poor,  kindly  affectionate  to  all  men,  wise  in 
counsel,  and  watchful  of  the  interests  of  the  church 
and  of  the  pastor,  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  he  was' 
a  Christian  prince  among  his  brethren. 

Meacham,  Rev.  A.  W.,  an  able  and  eminently 
successful  minister  of  Little  River  Association,  Ky., 
was  born  in  Christian  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  13,  1818.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Pleasant  Hill 
Baptist  church  in  1838,  where  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  May,  1839,  and  ordained  in  December 


MKACHUM 


775 


MED  BURY 


of  the  same  year.  A  few  months  after  his  ordina- 
tion he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Paducah, 
Ky.  From  Paducah  he  removed  to  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, where  lie  spent  some  years  in  evangelizing. 
In  1844  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Shelhyvillc, 
Tenn.  While  laboring  with  it  and  with  several 
other  churches  he  was  attacked  with  hemorrhage 
of  the  lungs,  and  was  so  prostrated  that  he  de- 
spaired of  life,  and  returned  to  his  native  home, 
expecting  to  die.  In  1.S.54,  having  partially  re- 
covered, he  was  called  to  the  care  of  West  Union 
church,  in  his  native  county,  to  which  he  still  min- 
isters. He  has  aided  in  the  constitution  of  25 
churches,  and  has  baptized  4000  persons,  20  of 
whom  are  known  to  have  entered  the  ministry. 
While  he  was  in  Tennessee  he  was  two  years  mod- 
erator of  Salem  Association  and  twice  moderator 
of  the  General  Association.  Since  his  return  to 
Kentucky  he  has  been  seventeen  years  moderator 
of  Little  River  Association. 

Meachum,  Rev.  John  Berry,  was  born  .May  3, 
1789;  died  Feb.  I'J,  1864.  lie  was  pastor  of  the 
First  African  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  A  mar- 
ble monument  marks  his  grave  in  the  Baptist  burial- 
ground  in  Bellefontaine  cemetery,  erected  by  the 
First  and  Second  African  churches  of  St.  Louis. 
He  took  charge  of  the  First  Colored  church  in 
1828;  was  twenty-five  years  its  pastor.  lie  was 
born  a  slave;  bought  his  own  freedom,  then  his 
fathei-'s,  a  Baptist  minister  in  Virginia.  He  lived 
in  Kentucky,  and  married  a  slave-woman.  He 
worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  purchased  the 
freedom  of  his  wife  and  children.  He  came  to 
Missouri  in  1815.  He  built  a  steamlioat  in  1835, 
and  furnished  it  with  a  library,  and  made  a  tem- 
perance boat  of  it.  He  was  worth  S25,000  when 
he  died.  He  was  ordained  in  1825,  gathered  a 
large  church  and  Sabbath-school,  and  a  deep  re- 
ligious and  missionary  spirit  pervaded  his  church. 
He  died  in  his  pulpit,  with  armor  on. 

Meador,  Rev.  Christian  C,  was  ijom  in  Bed- 
ford Co.,  Va.,  rei-oiving  an  elementary  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  the  neighborhood.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  New  Hope 
Baptist  church,  then  under  the  care  of  the  Rev. 
James  Leftwich,  in  1S44.  At  this  time  he  was 
farming,  and  rogar<le<l  it  as  his  life-work.  Being 
actively  engaged  in  the  prayer-meetings  and  Sun- 
day-school work  of  the  church,  he  felt  it  to  be  a 
duty  to  prepare  himself  to  enter  into  the  Christian 
ministry.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Mount 
Ilermon  ehurcli  in  1S49,  and  in  1S50  went  to  the 
school  at  Botetourt  Springs,  where  he  remained  for 
about  fifteen  months.  He  then  returned  to  his  home, 
and  taught  school  for  nearly  a  year,  frequently 
preaching  in  destitute  neighborhoods.  In  18,i3  he 
entered  the  Columbian  College,  and  graduated  in 
1857.    In  1.856.  still  a  student,  he  started  a  Sunday- 


school  in  South  Washington,  which  was  quite  suc- 
cessful, and  a  church  was  organized  in  1857,  of 
which  he  became  the  pastor,  and  which  he  still 
serves.  Mr.  Meador  has  been  greatly  blessed  in 
his  labors,  nearly  500  persons  having  been  added 
to  the  church  through  his  instrumentality.  His 
pastoral  laljors  are  quite  onerous,  frequently  being 
called  upon  by  members  of  other  denominations  in 
the  neighborhood  to  visit  their  sick  and  bury  their 
dead.  Twenty-two  years  of  continuous  toil  among 
the  same  people  have  given  him  a  strong  hold  upon 
their  affections.  Columbian  College  conferred  upon 
him  in  I860  the  degree  of  .V.M.  in  course. 

Medbury,  Rev.  Arnold  Rhodes,  missionary 
secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, is  a  native  of  Seekonk,  R.  I.,  where  he  was 
born  Dec.  10,  1837.  His  childhood  was  spent  on  a 
farm  in  his  native  town.  When  seven  years  old  he 
suffered  an  irreparable  loss  in  the  death  of  his 
mother,  who  was  a  devoted  Christian.  He  ob- 
tained a  hope  in  Christ  in  18:j.j,  and  united  with 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  of 
which  Rev.  -Jas.  B.  Simmons  was  pastor,  and  by 
whom  he  was  baptized.  Very  early  in  his  Chris- 
tian experience  he  had  strong  impressions  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  began  prep- 
aration for  the  work.  But  in  this  purpose  he  met 
with  many  hindrances,  having  to  depend  upon  his 
own  resources  to  obtain  means  to  secure  an  educa-' 
tion.  After  a  two  years'  struggle,  with  but  little 
progress,  he  determined  to  join  two  older  brothers 
in  California,  hoping  the  more  speedily  to  obtain 
the  means  to  educate  himself  At  the  end  of  six 
years  of  varied  experiences  of  success  and  defeat, 
he  found  himself  deeply  in  debt,  and  apparently 
farther  than  ever  from  realizing  his  cherished  plan 
for  study.  At  this  time  the  Baptist  church  of 
Sonora,  Cal.,  to  which  he  had  removed  his  church 
membership  from  Rhode  Island,  licensed  him  to 
preach  the  go.spel,  and  invited  him  to  do  such  pas- 
toral work  as  he  could  without  ordination.  This 
experience  only  deepened  his  conviction  of  his  need 
of  more  thorough  preparation  for  the  Christian 
ministry,  and  he  gladly  availed  himself  of  an  offer 
of  pursuing  a  private  course  of  study,  under  the 
direction  of  Rev.  D.  B.  Cheeney,  D.D.,  f)astor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  San  Francisco.  This 
arrangement  having  been  suspended,  owing  to  Dr. 
Cheeney's  extended  visit  in  the  East,  he  entered 
the  University  of  the  Pacific,  completing  about 
two-thirds  of  its  prescribed  course  of  study.  Leav- 
ing the  university  to  engage  in  mission  work  in 
Petaluma,  he  found  himself  again,  in  the  autumn 
of  1865,  under  the  private  instruction  of  Dr. 
Cheeney,  and  performing  pastoral  work  for  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  San  Francisco.  He  was 
ordained  by  a  council  convened  at  the  call  of  the 
First  Baptist   church,   San    Francisco,  in    March, 


MEDLEY 


776 


MEEK 


1867.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  entered 
the  theolocical  soniinary  at  Newton,  Mass.,  and 
graihiated  in  the  class  of  1870.  Receiving  the  call 
{which  he  accepted)  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
San  Francisco,  he  returned  again  to  California  to 
enter  this  new  field  of  labor.  In  1872,  Mr.  Med- 
bury  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Portland,  Oregon.  His  pastorate  here  was  in 
every  wa3'  successful,  the  church  was  greatly 
strengthened,  and  reached  a  highly  influential 
position  in  the  city  through  his  ministrations. 
From  this  charge  Mr.  Medbury  was  called  to  the 
Grand  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Milwaukee.  After 
five  years  of  successful  pastoral  labor  with  this 
church  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  State  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  Rockfcird,  111.,  and  entered  upon  his 
labors  there. 

When  Mr.  Medbury  came  to  Wisconsin,  in  1874,  he 
was  almost  immediately  made  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Wi«ciinsin  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
secretary  of  the  board  and  its  Executive  Committee, 
for  which  position  he  had  unusual  qualifications. 
During  his  entire  pastorate  at  Grand  Avenue  Bap- 
tist church  he  devoted  much  time  to  this  important 
missionary  work.  It  is  owing  largely  to  his  influ- 
ence that  the  State  Convention  reached  its  high 
degree  of  prosperity  and  accomplished  so  much 
successful  missionary  work.  He  gave  such  value 
and  character  to  the  annual  reports  of  the  Conven- 
tion, especially  in  its  statistical  tables,  conveying 
such  exact  information  on  all  Baptist  matters  in 
the  State,  as  to  awaken  a  wide-spread  interest  not 
only  in  the  State  but  in  neighboring  States.  While 
pastor  at  Rockford,  111.,  the  board  of  the  AVisconsin 
Baptist  State  Convention  extended  to  him  an  ur- 
gent invitation  to  take  charge  of  its  mission  work 
in  the  State  as  missionary  superintendent  and  secre- 
tary. He  has  accepted  the  position,  and  entered  in 
September,  1880,  upon  its  duties. 

Mr.  Medbury  is  a  man  of  fine  native  powers,  and 
thorough  attainments  in  literary  and  theological 
learning.  He  is  a  vigorous  thinker  and  an  earnest 
preacher  of  the  gospel.  He  has  qualifications  that 
fit  him  pre-eminently  for  the  position  he  now  fills. 
He  brings  to  it  the  best  of  executive  and  organ- 
izing powers,  and  a  supreme  love  for  the  work,  com- 
bined with  an  unquestioned  consecration  to  Christ 
and  his  cause  on  earth. 

Medley,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  bom  at  Cheshurst, 
England,  -June  23,  1733.  In  his  seventeenth  year 
he  entered  the  British  navy  as  a  midshipman.  He 
was  full  of  mirth  and  frolic,  and  as  a  consequence 
he  was  a  great  favorite  with  his  ungodly  associates. 
lie  was  wounded  in  an  action  with  the  French 
when  on  service  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  op- 
portunities he  had  for  serious  reflection  during  his 
enforced  leisure  were  of  lasting  benefit  to  his  soul. 
Some  time  afterwards  he  was  led  to  put  his  trust  in 


Jesus,  and  he  united  by  baptism  with  the  church 
of  Dr.  Andrew  Giflbrd,  in  London. 

His  first  settlement  in  the  ministry  was  at  Wat- 
ford, where  he  was  ordained  in  July,  1768.  In 
April,  1772,  he  removed  to  Liverpool,  and  in  it  he 
labored  till  his  death,  in  1799.  When  Mr.  Medley 
entered  upon  his  pastoral  duties  at  Liverpool  the 
church  was  small,  but  under  his  efficient  ministry 
it  prospered  greatly,  and  the  house  was  soon  en- 
larged. Mr.  Medley  was  for  some  years  one  of  the 
most  influential  ministers  in  Liverpool,  or  in  the 
north  of  England.  He  was  greatly  beloved  by  the 
whole  denomination,  and  by  large  numbers  outside 
the  community  whose  denominational  name  he 
bore  and  whose  principles  he  ardently  loved.  He 
enjoyed  great  faith,  and  much  of  the  presence  of 
his  Redeemer.  His  last  words  were,  "  Dying  is 
sweet  work,  sweet  work,  my  Father!  my  heavenly 
Father !  I  am  looking  up  to  my  dear  Jesus,  my 
God,  my  portion,  my  all  in  all,  glory  !  glory  !  home  ! 
home !"  He  was  the  author  of  two  works,  and  of 
some  precious  hymns,  one  of  which  is  familiar 
wherever  the  English  language  is  spoken : 

"Awake,  my  soul,  in  joyful  lays, 
And  eing  thy  greitt  Redeemer's  praise; 
He  justly  claims  a  song  from  uie ; 
His  loving  kindness,  oli,  how  freel" 

Meech,  Rev.  Levi,  son  of  Capt.  Daniel  and 
Zerviah  (Witter)  Meech,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington.  Conn.,  Feb.  14,  1795 ;  baptised  by  Rev. 
Roswell  Burrows  in  1811,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Preston,  Conn. ;  served  in  the  war 
of  1812;  licensed  to  preach  in  1820;  ordained  in 
1824;  an  evangelist  in  spirit  from  the  beginning; 
served  as  pastor  or  supply  of  churches  in  Preston, 
Bozrah,  Andover,  Salem,  PacVersville,  Voluntown, 
Colchester.  Lebanon,  Suflield,  Second  and  Third 
North  Stonington,  Mystic,  Conn.,  and  Exeter,  R.  I. ; 
organized  the  Union  Baptist  church  of  Montville, 
Conn. ;  greatly  blessed  in  all  his  work  :  a  wise  and 
successful  revivalist;  earnest  and  firm  in  all  re- 
forms ;  benevolent  and  devoted  to  missions  ;  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures ;  strong  thinker  and  sound  reas- 
oner;  full  of  sympathy  and  tenderness;  baptized 
400  persons;  had  three  sons  and  two  daughters ; 
his  oldest  son,  Levi  Witter,  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University,  is  a  distinguished  mathematician  and 
actuary;  his  youngest  son.  Rev.  William  W.,  has 
been  an  earnest  Baptist  minister  for  thirty  years. 
He  died  at  the  homestead  in  North  Stonington, 
Conn.,  -June  4,  1873.  in  his  seventy-ninth  year. 

Meek,  Rev.  John,  M.D.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
South  Arkansas,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1791  ;  was  first  a  Methodist  preacher,  then  became 
a  Baptist,  and  began  to  preach  as  such  in  1837 ; 
removed  to  Union  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1840.  Here  he 
soon  organized  a  church,  the  first  of  the  missionary 
Baptist  faith  in  his  region.     While  supporting  his 


MELL 


777 


MELVIN 


family  by  the  practice  of  medicine,  he  was  inde- 
fatigable in  his  ministerial  labors,  and  was  instru- 
mental in  planting  many  churches  and  organizing 
several  Associations.     He  died  in  1873. 

Mell,  Patrick  Hughes,  D.D.,  chancellor  of  the 
State  University,  and  for  many  years  a  leading  and 


PATRICK    HLOUES    MEM.,   D.D. 

influential  Baptist  of  Georgia,  was  l)orn  in  Wal- 
thourvillc.  Liberty  Co.,  Ga.,  July  19,  1S14.  In  his 
boyhood  he  studied  in  the  academies  in  Liberty 
County  and  near  Darien,  Ga.,  and  then  he  spent 
two  years  at  Amherst  College,  Mass.,  afterwards 
teaching  in  the  academy  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  and 
in  the  high  school  at  East  Hartford,  Conn.  In 
1838,  at  twenty-four  years  of  age,  he  returned  to 
his  native  State,  and,  after  teaching  school  in  lower 
and  middle  Georgia  for  five  or  six  years,  was  elected 
to  the  professorship  of  Ancient  Languages  in  Mer- 
cer University.  lie  entered  upon  his  duties  in 
February,  1842,  and  cgntinued  a  professor  in  that 
institution  for  thirteen  years,  during  which  time 
he  became  noted  for  his  ability  as  a  professor  and 
for  the  firmness  and  excellence  of  his  discipline. 
His  connection  with  Mercer  University  was  dis- 
solved in  November,  1855,  but  in  August,  1856,  he 
was  elected  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  the 
State  University  at  Athens.  When  Dr.  Alonzo 
Church  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, in  1800,  Dr.  Mell  was  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Metaphysics  and  Ethics,  which  he  still  holds, 
although  he  was,  in  August,  1878,  elected  chancel- 
lor of  the  university,  and  ex-officio  president  of  the 
State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts. 
60 


His  position  is  one  of  great  dignity,  and  has  been 
filled  by  him  with  distinguished  ability  and  success. 

Dr.  Mell's  religious  life  began  in  the  summer 
of  1832,  when  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Law,  at  North  Newport  church.  Liberty  Co.,  Ga. 
He  began  to  preach  at  Oxford,  Ga.,  in  1840,  and 
was  ordained  by  order  of  the  PenBeld  church  at 
the  request  of  the  Greensborough  church,  Nov.  19, 
1842,  at  Pentield.  From  that  time  to  the  present 
he  has  preached  almost  without  intermission,  having 
charge  of  various  churches,  and  some  of  his  pas- 
torates continuing  for  remarkably  long  periods. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Greensborough  church  for 
ten  years ;  of  the  Antioch  church,  in  Oglethorpe 
County,  twenty-eight  years;  and  of  the  Bairdstown 
church,  on  the  line  between  Greene  and  Oglethorpe 
Counties,  thirty-three  years.  Since  his  election  to 
the  chancellorship  of  the  State  University  he  has 
resigned  all  his  pastoral^ps  and  has  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  the  duties  of  his  office. 

As  a  preacher,  he  is  logical  and  argumentative, 
delighting  in  the  deep  doctrinal  subjects  of  the 
Bible,  and  rendering  them  simple  and  clear  to  the 
comprehension  of  his  hearers.  The  power  and 
penetration  of  his  intellect  enable  him  to  grasp  a 
doctrine  forcibly  and  present  it  clearly  ;  and  his 
skill  in  the  art  of  thinking  and  reasoning  is  so  great 
that  he  always  speaks  logically,  his  conclusions 
having  the  force  of  demonstrations. 

As  an  author,  Dr.  Mell  has  issued  several  works 
which  have  been  accepted  as  standards,  among 
which  are  his  works  on  "  Baptism,"  on  "  Corrective 
Cliurch  Discipline,"'  and  on  "Parliamentary  Prac- 
tice." He  has  also  published  small  works  on 
"Predestination,''  "Calvinism,"  "God's  Provi- 
dential Government,"  the  "  Philosophy  of  Prayer," 
and  part  of  a  work,  "  Church  Polity,"  which  prom- 
ises to  be  of  great  value. 

As  a  presiding  officer.  Dr.  Mell  has  manifested 
pre-eminent  excellence,  which  has  been  recognized 
by  his  repeated  re-election  to  the  presidency  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  and  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention. 

During  the  late  civil  war,  in  response  to  a  call  by 
the  governor  of  the  State  for  six  months'  troops, 
Dr.  Mell,  although  professor  in  the  State  Univer- 
sity, raised  a  company,  of  which  he  was  elected 
captain,  and  when  the  regiment  to  which  he  be- 
longed was  organized,  he  was  elected  colonel.  As 
such  he  remained  in  actual  service  sis  months  at 
different  points  within  the  State. 

Few,  if  any,  have  exerted  a  wider  and  more 
healthful  influence  in  the  denomination  in  Georgia 
than  Dr.  Mell. 

Melvin,  Rev.  R.  E.,  a  preacher  and  writer  of 
note  in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1811 ;  received  a  good  education,  and  engaged  in 
teaching ;  made  a  profession  of  Christ  in  1852,  and 


MENNO 


778 


MENNO 


was  baptized  near  Brandon,  Miss. ;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  city  of  Jackson  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  then  again  commenced 
teaching  near  Meridian,  where  he  soon  began  to 
preach,  although  not  ordained  until  1878.  Re- 
cently a  number  of  well-written  articles  in  the 
Mississippi  Baptist  Record  have  attracted  notice, 
and  i^iven  him  reputation  as  a  writer  of  ability. 

Menno  and  the  Mennonites.— Simon  Menno 
was  born  in  Witmarsum,  near  Bolswert,  in  Fries- 
land,  in  1505.  llis  education  must  have  bqen  of  a 
high  order,  and  his  talents  were  such  as  to  have 
given  boundless  success  in  any  worldly  calling,  or 
in  the  leadership  of  any  community  except  his  Ana- 
baptist disciples.  lie  was  persuasive  and  eloquent. 
He  was  familiar  with  the  springs  that  open  the 
hearts  of  men,  and  he  wielded  an  astonishing  in- 
fluence for  years  over  large  numbers  of  persons  scat- 
tered over  several  countries  of  Europe,  many  of 
whom  would  have  died  for  him  without  murmur,  and 
some  of  whom  were  martyred  because  they  enter- 
tained him,  and  they  knew  the  penalty  before  they 
gave  him  a  hearty  welcome  to  refresh  himself  in 
their  homes. 

In  1529  he  became  a  priest  of  the  Catholic 
church  at  Pinningen,  in  Friesland.  At  this  time 
he  had  never  read  the  Scriptures  lest  they  might 
draw  him  away  from  his  fidelity  to  Rome.  In  this 
respect  he  was  even  more  hostile  to  God's  Word 
than  some  other  priests  of  his  acquaintj^nce.  In 
celebrating  mass  the  question  naturally  came  into 
his  mind,  Can  the  bread  and  the  wine  be  the  real 
body  and  blood  of  the  Son  of  God?  At  first  he 
imagined  that  this  suggestion  came  from  the 
Wicked  One,  and  he  resorted  to  the  confessional 
and  other  papal  methods  to  chain  and  silence  com- 
mon sense,  but  Menno  v/as  too  gifted  for  the  suc- 
cessful use  of  such  instrumentalities.  He  had  been 
accustomed  to  spend  his  time  with  two  priests  in 
"  playing,  drinking,  and  other  indulgences,""  but 
these  sacerdotal  exercises  failed  to  satisfy  him 
about  transubstantiation.  He  finally  concluded 
that  he  would  despise  the  curses  of  lordly  prelates, 
and  search  the  New  Testament  to  solve  his  doubts. 
In  its  light  the  falsehood  of  the  mass  vanished  like 
the  shades  of  night  before  the  rising  sun,  and  its 
brazen  idolatry  excited  his  indignation. 

On  the  execution  of  Seicke  Snyder,  at  Leeu- 
warden,  for  being  ''  rebaptized,"  he  was  filled  with 
astonishment  to  hear  of  a  second  baptism  and  the 
reason  for  it,  that  infant  baptism  had  no  warrant 
from  the  Word  of  God.  As  he  read  the  Scriptures  he 
saw  that  it  had  no  divine  authority.  Then  he  says, 
"As  1  remarked  this  I  spoke  of  it  to  my  pastor 
(the  rector  of  the  church  in  which  he  was  an  assist- 
ant), and,  after  several  conversations,  he  acknowl- 
edged that  infant  baptism  had  no  ground  in  the 
Scriptures.     Yet  I  dared  not  trust  so  much  to  my 


understanding.  I  consulted  some  ancient  authors, 
who  taught  me  that  children  must  by  baptism  be 
washed  from  their  original  sin.  This  I  compared 
with  the  Scriptures,  and  perceived  that  it  set  at 
naught  the  blood  of  Christ.  Afterwards  I  went  to 
Luther,  and  would  gladly  have  known  from  him 
the  ground,  and  he  taught  me  that  we  must  bap- 
tize children  on  their  own  faith,  because  they  are 
holy.  This  also  I  saw  was  not  according  to  God's 
Word.  In  the  third  place  I  went  to  Buccr,  who 
taught  me  that  we  should  baptize  children  in  order 
to  be  able  the  more  diligently  to  take  care  of  them, 
and  bring  them  up  in  the  ways  of  the  Lord.  But 
this  too  I  saw  was  a  groundless  representation. 
In  the  fourth  place  I  went  to  Bullinger,  who 
pointed  me  to  the  covenant  of  circumcision,  but  I 
found,  as  before,  that,  according  to  Scripture,  the 
practice  could  not  stand.  As  I  now  on  every  side 
observed  that  the  writers  stood  on  grounds  so  very 
difiTerent,  and  each  followed  his  own  reason,  I  saw 
clearly  that  we  were  deceived  with  infant  baptism."' 
Menno  had  no  temptation  to  give  up  infant  bap- 
tism, and  his  prejudices  and  interests,  and  even  his 
bodily  safety,  were  linked  to  it.  But  the  truth 
was  not  in  it,  and  the  truth,  which  he  loved,  drove 
him  into  the  ranks  of  the  Anabaptists.  No  de- 
nomination at  this  hour  has  so  many  men,  like 
Dunster,  Judson,  and  Noel,  as  the  Baptist,  whose 
convictions  have  constrained  them  to  renounce  the 
most  cherished  tics,  and  make  other  weighty  sacri- 
fices. 

Menno  for  a  time  was  rector  of  the  village 
church  where  he  had  been  an  assistant,  and 
preached  the  Word  of  Life  to  his  parishioners  with 
acceptance;  but  finally,  in  1536,  his  conscience 
would  permit  him  no  longer  to  retain  any  connec- 
tion with  Rome,  and  he  withdrew  from  the  priest- 
hood and  communion  of  the  popes.  In  1537  he 
listened  to  the  appeal  of  a  few  godly  Anabaptists 
and  became  their  religious  leader,  an  office  which 
he  held  till  he  fell  at  the  feet  of  the  great  Teacher 
in  Paradise. 

Jlenno  was  twenty-two  years  younger  than  Lu- 
ther, whom  he  greatly  respected,  and  whose  writ- 
ings he  carefully  studied,  but  his  supreme  regard 
for  the  Scriptures  kept  him  from  adopting  any 
guide  except  revelation. 

When  he  accepted  his  new  office  he  knew  the 
fierce  cruelties  and  the  violent  death  which  it  in- 
vited, and  which  it  was  likely  to  bring  upon  him, 
but  washed  in  the  Saviour's  blood  himself,  he 
could  not  withhold  the  glorious  gospel  from  the 
millions  of  doomed  papal  bondmen,  whose  present 
darkness  and  prospective  torments  enlisted  the 
deepest  sympathies  of  his  soul.  He  went  every- 
where preaching  Jesus.  As  a  distinguished  writer 
says,  "For  about  five-and-twenty  years  he  trav- 
eled with  his  wife  and  children  amid  perpetual 


MENNO 


779 


M-hjRCEH 


sufferings  and  daily  perils  of  his  life  over  many 
districts  of  country, — first  in  West  Friesland,  tlie 
territory  of  Groningen,  and  East  Friesland,  and 
then  inGelderland,  Holland,  Brabant,  Westphalia, 
and  the  German  provinces  along  the  shores  of  the 
Baltic  as  far  as  Livonia,  and  in  this  way  he  gath- 
ered an  immense  number  of  followers.''  Menno 
was  one  of  the  master-spirits  and  master-builders 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  whose  immediate  disci- 
ples were  multitudes,  and  whose  influence  has 
journeyed  far  beyond  the  borders  of  the  religious 
community  bearing  his  name. 

He  died  in  lotjl  at  Oldesloe,  in  Ilolstein,  where 
his  ashes  rest  in  peace. 

Menno  had  a  new  heart  given  him  in  1535.  God 
"led  him  from  the  way  of  death,  and  through  mere 
mercy  called  him  upon  the  narrow  path  of  life ;'' 
"  he  was  graciously  forgiven  of  his  impure  conduct, 
and  loose,  vain  life  through  the  merit  of  the  blood 
of  Christ,"  and  he  went  in  a  mightier  power  than 
even  Whitefield  to  proclaim  the  efficacy  of  atone- 
ment to  perishing  men.  The  churches  ho  insti- 
tuted were  composed  of  professed  believers  alone, 
and  these  were  the  only  subjects  of  his  baptism. 
He  disclaimed  the  use  of  force  to  support,  spread, 
or  defend  his  religious  opinions.  His  views  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  were  Scriptural.  He  denounced 
wars,  self-defense,  and  oaths,  and  insisted  on  per- 
sonal piety  with  great  and  appropriate  zeal.  While 
in  many  highly  important  things  Menno  agreed 
with  us,  facts  incline  us  to  the  conviction  that  the 
mode  of  baptism  with  him  was  indifferent.  He  was 
almost  a  Baptist,  though  a  very  decided  Ana- 
baptist. 

The  Mennonites,  or  the  communities  founded  by 
Menno,  survive  the  fury  of  persecution,  the  hatred 
of  state  churches,  and  the  evils  that  dwell  in  the 
heart  and  tempt  in  the  world.  The  chief  strength 
of  the  Mennonites  in  Europe  is  in  Holland,  where, 
in  LS46,  they  had  about  130  churches,  and  a  semi- 
nary for  ministerial  education.  They  had  also  com- 
munities at  that  time  in  East  Prussia,  in  Alsace 
and  Lorraine,  in  Switzerland,  and  in  the  south  of 
Russia.  In  the  United  States  the  Mennonites  have 
about  120  churches  and  20,000  members.  There 
are  three  sects  of  Mennonites  in  this  country, ^the 
Mennonites,  the  Reformed  Mennonite  Society,  and 
the  Omish  Church.  The  first  and  last  communities 
hold  the  same  Confession  of  Faith,  which  w^as 
adopted  in  Dortrecht,  in  Holland,  in  1632.  The 
Omish  Church  differs  chiefly  from  the  regular 
Mennonites  in  their  greater  simplicity  of  dress  and 
strictness  of  discipline.  The  Reformed  Mennonite 
Society  was  instituted  to  pay  special  attention  to 
the  religion  of  the  heart,  and  in  this  respect  to  re- 
store the  spirituality  of  early  times.  This  denom- 
ination has  condensed  the  old  creed,  but  with  the 
other  two  its  members  profess  to  believe  that  the 


first  lesson  of  the  New  Testament  is  repentance. 
They  baptize  only  penitent  believers  (no  children) ; 
they  practise  feet-washing  ;  they  believe  that  they 
should  not  discharge  the  duties  of  a  magistrate,  or 
"  elevate  others  to  a  magisterial  office ;  they  forbid 
the  use  of  carnal  weapons  and  oaths,"  and  "  they 
administer  baptism  (in  the  United  States)  by 
sprinkling  or  pouring"  ("  Confession  of  Faith  of 
the  Mennonites,"  p.  458,  Winchester),  though  the 
Rynshurgers,  or  Collegiants,  a  branch  of  the  Men- 
nonites, originating  in  Holland,  according  to  Picart, 
in  1736,  practised  immersion  (see  Burrage's  "  Act 
of  Baptism,"  p.  ISO).  The  Mennonites  of  to-day 
are  a  little  nearer  us  than  orthodox  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  but  they  are  not  Baptists. 

Mercer,  Rev.  Asa  S.,  was  bom  in  Georgia  in 
1790;  began  to  preach  in  Mississippi  in  1812;  re- 
moved to  Louisiana  in  18"23,  and  settled  on  the 
Ouachita.  He  long  exercised  a  wide  influence,  and 
held  many  prominent  positions.  He  died  in  Texas 
in  1850. 

Mercer,  Jesse,  D.D.,  was  the  most  distinguished 
and  intiuentiiil  Baptist  minister  ever  reared  in  the 


JESSE    MERCER,  D.D. 

State  of  Georgia ;  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  one, 
under  the  providence  of  God.  ever  exerted  a  more 
beneficial  influence  among  the  Baptists  of  Georgia, 
or  as  an  instrument  in  the  divine  hands  ever  accom- 
plished more  beneficial  results  for  the  denomination 
in  the  State.  '•  How  is  Mr.  Mercer  ?"  asked  Dr. 
Staughton  of  a  gentleman  from  Georgia.  "  He  is 
well,"  was  the  answer.  "  He  exerts  a  great  influ- 
ence in  your  State,"    continued   Dr.    Staughton. 


MKltVER 


780 


MERCER 


''  His  word  is  Imp,"  the  other  replied.     "  I  am  sure," 
said  the  doctor,  in  return,  '"  it  is  t/ospel.'' 

Jesse,  the  son  of  Sihis  Mercer,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax Co.,  N.  C,  Dec.  16,  ITO'J.  His  father  removed 
to  Georgia  about  1775,  and  settled  in  Wilkes 
County,  but  fled  to  North  Carolina  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution,  and  did  not  return  until  after 
the  war,  when  Jesse  was  about  fourteen  years  old. 
From  that  time  until  his  death,  on  the  6th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1841,  Jesse  Mercer  resided  in  Georgia. 
His  youthful  character  was  free  from  stain  ;  not 
even  a  profane  word  was  ever  used  by  him,  nor  was 
he  ever  guilty  of  any  deviation  from  strict  truth- 
fulness. He  was  a  sober,  staid,  discreet  youth  ; 
even-tempered  in  his  conduct,  never  dejected  nor 
morose.  lie  had  great  command  of  his  passions, 
and  was  never  known  through  life  to  have  a  per- 
sonal quarrel  with  any  one.  He  was  a  pattern  of 
filial  obedience,  submitting  cheerfully  to  every 
command  of  his  parents.  He  was  converted  at 
fifteen,  was  baptized  in  his  eighteenth  year,  and 
soon  after  began  to  preach.  On  the  31st  of  Janu- 
ary, 1788,  in  hi.s  nineteenth  year,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Sabrina  Chivers  ;  and  before  lie  wa.s  twenty 
years  of  age  he  was  ordained,  on  the  7th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1789,  by  Silas  Mercer  and  Sanders  AValker. 
In  succession  he  then  took  charge  of  the  churches  at 
Hutton's  Fork,  Indian  Creek,  in  Oglethorpe  County, 
Sardis,  Phillips'  Mill,  Powelton,  Whatley's  Mill 
(now  Bethesda),  Eatonton,  and  Washington,  his 
pastoral  services  extending  over  a  period  of  fifty 
years.  He  by  no  means  confined  himself  to  the 
churches  of  his  charge,  however,  but,  traveling  far 
and  near,  he  pi'eached  the  gospel  everywhere,  with 
a  power  never  surpassed  in  the  State,  and  with  a 
pathos  and  unction  productive  of  the  best  results. 

As  a  Preacher. — Long  will  he  be  held  in  honor- 
able estimation  as  a  truly  able,  pious,  instructive 
and  powerful  minister  of  the  gospel.  Said  Dr. 
Basil  Manly,  Sr.,  of  him,  "  In  his  happy  moments 
of  preaching  he  would  arouse  and  enchain  the  at- 
tention of  reflecting  men  beyond  any  minister  I 
have  ever  heard.  At  such  times  his  views  were 
vast,  profound,  original,  striking,  and  absorbing  in 
the  highest  degree  ;  while  his  language,  thoiiixh 
simple,  was  so  terse  and  pithy,  so  pruned,  consoli- 
dated, and  suited  to  become  the  vehicle  of  the  dense 
mass  of  his  thoughts,  that  it  required  no  ordinary 
effort  of  a  well-trained  mind  to  take  in  all  he  said." 
His  voice  was  neither  very  strong  nor  distinguished 
for  its  compass  and  melody ;  his  gesticulations 
were  rather  clumsy,  and  the  fastidious  could  find 
fault  with  his  manner ;  but,  notwithstanding  all, 
his  appearance  in  the  pulpit  was  far  from  being 
uninteresting. 

The  fair  and  comely  baldness  of  his  head,  his 
venerable  mien,  his  portly  frame,  his  countenance 
clothed  with  meekness,  benevolence,  intelligence, 


and  devotion,  rendered  hira  an  object  of  peculiar 
interest  and  respect  wherever  he  stood  forth 

**  To  negutiatp  between  God  uml  niiln. 
As  God's  araliassador,  the  grand  concerns 
Of  judgment  and  of  mercy." 

Whilst  ho  seemed  untrammelcd  by  the  laws  of 
criticism,  he  violated  not  the  principles  of  true  taste. 
His  sermons  were  for  the  most  part  doctrinal,  yet 
always  tending  to  practical  results.  Ilis  language 
had  a  noble  bearing,  which  made  it  a  suitable 
vehicle  for  his  noble  thoughts.  The  accurate  prin- 
ciples of  sound  logic  ran  through  his  addresses, 
though  its  forms  were  not  at  all  times  visible.  Un- 
godly men  of  cultivated  minds  listened  to  liis sermons 
as  to  an  intellectual  treat.  Religious  men  enjoyed 
them  as  affording  a  spiritual  feast.  To  the  graces  of 
oratory  Mr.  Mercer  made  no  pretensions,  but  there 
was  an  unction  from  the  Holy  One,  that  breathed 
from  his  spirit  and  beamed  from  his  sweet  and 
heavenly  eye,  which  enchained  and  animated  the 
hearer,  and  thus  more  than  supplied  the  absence 
of  oratorical  grace.  His  words  did  not  often  flow 
down  upon  the  people  in  a  rushing  torrent,  but 
rather  fell  like  a  refreshing  shower.  No  useless 
verbiage  encumbered  his  topics.  Some  preachers 
are  occasionally  great  because,  like  a  small  stream, 
with  a  shallow  and  narrow  channel,  swollen  by  a 
sudden  shower,  they  sometimes  dash  and  roar;  but 
Mr.  Mercer's  preaching  was  like  a  stream  whose 
channel  is  wide  and  deep :  it  embraced  a  large 
scope  of  religious  instruction,  exhibited  a  great 
variety  and  richness,  and  flowed  onwards  with  a 
mighty  and  increasing  volume. 

The  Cross  of  Christ  was  the  fixed,  luminous 
centre  of  his  preaching.  He  delighted  in  contem- 
plating the  gospel  as  a  scheme  which  honored  God 
and  abased  the  creature.  Upon  the  majesty  of  the 
law;  the  exceeding  sinfulness  of  sin  ;  the  amazing 
obligations  of  the  sinner,  and  his  total  inability  to 
rescue  himself  from  his  ruined  and  guilty  state; 
and  upon  the  infinite  virtue  of  the  atonement,  and 
the  uncontrolled  sovereignty  of  God,  and  the  glori- 
ous efficiency  of  divine  grace,  he  was  truly  great. 
Never  was  a  minister  more  immovably  rooted  in 
the  respect,  confidence,  and  affection  of  his  people 
than  was  Mr.  Mercer,  while  to  all  classes  of  the 
community  he  was  an  object  of  admiration,  rever- 
ence, and  love. 

About  1818  he  removed  from  Greene  County  to 
Powelton,  where  he  resided  until  the  end  of  1826 
or  beginning  of  1827,  when  he  removed  to  Wash- 
ington, which  remained  his  home  until  death.  Of 
the  church  at  the  former  place  he  was  pastor  for 
twenty-eight  years,  and  of  the  church  at  the  latter 
he  was  pastor  about  seventeen  years  ;  but  after 
removing  to  Washington  he  resigned  the  charge 
of  most  of  his  other  churches. 

Connection  with  the  Index. — In  the  year  1833  the 


MERCER 


781 


MERCER 


Christian  Index,  published  l>y  Dr.  Win.  T.  liniiitlv. 
Sr.,  at  I'liiladelpliia,  was  pureha.sed  by  -Mr.  .Merct-r 
and  removed  to  Washington,  (ia.  For  several  years 
lie  was  the  editor  of  the  Index,  assisted  by  Rev. 
Wm.  II.  Stokes,  and  was  the  means  thus  of  greatly 
benefiting  the  denomination  in  the  State  by  his 
wise  counsel  and  skillful  expositions  of  discipline 
and  doctrine.  But  editorial  duties  were  not  eon- 
genial. to  him,  and  the  paper  became  a  pecuniary 
disadvantage.  In  1840  he  tendered  the  Index,  and 
all  its  appendages,  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  Conven- 
tion. The  gift  was  accepted,  and  it  was  published 
by  the  Convention,  through  a  committee,  until 
1862,  when  it  was  sold  to  Kev.  >S.  Boykin,  who  for 
several  years  had  been  employed  as  editor.  To  Mr. 
Mercer  the  denomination  in  the  State  is  indebted 
for  much  of  its  harmony  and  prosperity,  through 
the  influence  exerted  for  many  years  by  that  paper. 

Efforts  in  Behalf  of  Ednrntion. — Tlie  cause  of 
education  has  had  no  more  indefatigable,  success- 
ful, and  liberal  advocate  in  the  State  of  Georgia 
than  Jesse  Mercer.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
establishment  of  Mount  Enon  Academy,  in  Rich- 
mond County,  in  1807.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
munificent  supporters  of  Mercer  University  from 
its  very  inception,  and  the  institution  was  accord- 
ingly named  after  him.  Ilis  donations,  including 
legacies  to  the  university,  did  not  amount  to  less 
than  ?40.0i)l). 

His  Efforts  in  the  Missionar;/  Cause. — No  object 
was  dearer  to  Jesse  Mercer  than  the  cause  of  mis- 
sions. Through  his  influence  the  Powelton  Bap- 
tist Society  for  Foreign  Missions  was  established. 
May  .J.  1S1.5;  and  in  the  year  following  he  pro- 
cured the  appointment  of  the  Mission  Board  of 
the  Georgia  Association  to  be  a  component  mem- 
ber of  the  General  Missionary  Convention  of 
the  Baptist  denomination,  which  board  existed  for 
many  years,  and  prosecuted  its  business  with  much 
success.  He  was  uniformly  appointed  a  member 
of  the  board,  was  generally  its  president,  and  al- 
ways one  of  its  most  liberal  and  efficient  support- 
ers. In  1820  and  in  1826  he  represented  this  board 
in  the  General  Convention.  Not  until  merged  into 
the  operations  of  the  State  Convention  was  this 
board  dispensed  with. 

For  some  years  Mr.  Mercer  was  an  active  mem- 
ber, and  for  a  while  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Co-operating  Baptist  As- 
sociations for  Instructing  and  Evangelizing  the 
Creek  Indians,  organized  under  the  direction  of 
managers  appointed  by  the  Ocmulgee,  Georgia,  and 
Klienezcr  Associations.  By  his  pen,  in  the  pulpit, 
and  with  his  purse  Mr.  Mercer  strenuously  advo- 
cated the  mission  cause  throughout  his  whole 
career,  and  was  one  of  those  who  organized,  and 
for  the  ten  years  of  its  existence  was  the  master- 
spirit of,  the  General  Committee  of  the  Georgia 


Baptists,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  the  grand  mis- 
sionary body  of  the  Georgia  Baptists.  For  eighteen 
years  in  succession  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  and  for  more  than 
twenty  years  he  was  successively  elected  presiding 
officer  of  the  Georgia  Association. 

In  the  discussion  of  all  weighty  and  difficult  sub- 
jects in  the  religious  bodies  which  he  atteniled  he 
usually  took  a  prominent  part,  and  his  views  gen- 
erally decided  the  question  under  discussion.  On 
one  occasion  some  important  subject  was  discussed 
for  a  considerable  time,  when  a  worthy  l)rother 
rose  and  said,  "  Well,  I  now  move  that  Brother 
Mercer  give  us  his  views,  and  that  the  question 
then  be  put,  without  any  further  debate,"'  inti- 
mating that  it  would  be  improper  for  the  question 
to  be  taken  until  the  G.imaliel  of  the  meeting  had 
expressed  his  opinion,  and  that  after  he  should 
speak  little  more  of  importance  could  well  be 
said. 

His  Lil)erality. — He  gave  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands and  tens  of  thousands.  To  home  and  foreign 
missions,  to  the  Bible,  tract,  Sunday-school,  and 
publication  societies,  to  Columbian  College,  and  to 
Mercer  University  he  dedicated  many  thousands 
of  dollars.  His  bequests  to  Mercer  University 
amounted  to  more  than  $40.fKJ0,  and  to  various 
other  benevolent  objects  not  less  than  $20,000  or 
$25,000. 

His  Character. — With  all  his  greatness  and 
reputation  he  was  lowly  and  humble.  His  mod- 
esty was  conspicuous;  yet,  though  eminently  meek 
and  gentle  in  spirit,  he  was  a  man  of  uncommon 
firmness  and  of  great  moral  courage.  In  matters 
of  principle  and  conscience  he  was  immovable  as  a 
rock.  His  heart  was  remarkably  tender  and  sym- 
pathetic, and  he  was  kind,  courteous,  and  hospita- 
ble. He  treated  his  servants  with  the  greatest 
humanity  and  with  the  most  judicious  considera- 
tion. The  mental  elevation,  the  distinguished 
piety,  and  the  ministerial  excellence  which  were 
combined  in  Mr.  Mercer  partially  account  for  the 
extensive  and  wonderful  influence  he  exerted  over 
the  minds  of  men,  for  no  other  man  has  wielded  the 
same  power  over  the  Baptists  of  Georgia,  nor  is 
any  other  Baptist  who  has  ever  lived  in  the  State 
to  be  compared  to  him  in  the  beneficial  results 
accomplished  by  his  long  ministry.  In  the  de- 
nomination in  Georgia  he  stands  as  a  bright  and 
shining  light,  and  while  it  exists  in  that  State  his 
exalted  merit  and  faithful  services  will  cause  him 
to  be  held  in  affectiimato  and  sacred  remembrance. 

Mercer,  Rev.  Thomas,  an  able  and  zealous 
Baptist  minister,  who  removed  from  Georgia  in 
1818  and  settled  in  Southwestern  Mississippi;  was 
an  early  laborer  in  spreading  Baptist  sentiments. 
To  facilitate  the  cultivation  of  the  song-service  of 


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782 


MERCER 


the  churches  he  compiled  a  collection  of  excellent 
hymns.  lie  aided  in  the  formation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Association  in  1806.  In  ISIT,  Thomas  Mer- 
cer and  Benjamin  Davis  were  requested  by  the  As- 
sociation to  visit  the  Creek  Indians  and  inquire 
what  could  be  done  towards  the  establishment  of 
schools  and  the  introduction  of  the  ijospel  among 
them,  and  the  funds  of  the  Association  were  applied 
for  their  use,  and  they  were  required  to  account  to 
the  Mississippi  Society  for  Baptist  Missions,  For- 
eign and  Domestic.  Upon  this  journey  Mercer 
died,  and  was  buried  among  strangers. 

Mercer  University. — One  of  the  objects  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  when  organized,  as  set 
forth  in  its  constitution,  was  "  to  afford  an  oppor- 
tunity to  those  who  may  conscientiously  think  it 
their  duty  to  form  a'  fund  for  the  education  of  pious 
young  men,  who  may  be  called  by  the  spirit  and 
tlieir  churches  to  the  Christian  ministry.''  From 
1826  to  18.32  several  bene6ciaries  were  adopted  by 
the  Convention,  and  no  less  than  eight  received  aid 
from  the  Convention  in  the  last-named  year.  In 
1828,  Josiah  Penfield,  a  devout  deacon  of  the 
Savannah  Baptist  church,  offered  to  give  $2500 
towards  a  fund  for  the  education  of  young  minis- 
ters, provided  the  Convention  would  contribute  an 
equal  amount.  More  than  §2500  was  subscribed 
by  the  delegates  at  the  Convention,  in  Milledgc- 
ville,  in  March,  1829.  From  this  Penfield  legacy, 
and  from  annual  additions,  grew  the  permanent 
fund  for  the  education  of  young  ministers,  which 
amounted  at  one  time  to  $33,400,  but  which  now, 
owing  to  losses  during  the  civil  war,  amounts  to 
about  $24,000.  Having  an  educational  fund,  the 
Convention  resolved,  in  1831,  to  establish  a  classi- 
cal and  theological  school,  to  be  connected  with 
manual  labor.  This  resolution  was  offered  by 
Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood.  Lands  and  money  were  sub- 
scribed, a  site  was  chosen,  and  on  the  second  Mon- 
day in  January,  1833,  Mercer  Institute  was  opened, 
so  named  in  honor  of  Jesse  Mercer,  who  has  been 
called  "the  most  influential  minister  of  his  day, 
and,  perhaps,  the  most  distinguished  minister  of 
the  denomination  ever  reared  up  in  the  StJite." 
(Campbell's  "Georgia  Baptists.") 

When  it  grew  into  a  village  the  site  was  named 
Penfield,  in  memory  of  Deacon  Penfield.  Rev. 
Billington  M.  Sanders  presided  over  the  institute, 
and  brought  to  the  work  indefatigable  industry. 
Under  his  care  the  institute  attracted  students  from 
all  parts  of  the  State,  and  contributed  greatly  to 
popularize  education  in  the  minds  of  the  people. 
It  was  not  intended  to  impart  a  collegiate  educa- 
tion, and  its  elevation  to  the  dignity  of  a  college 
was  an  after-thought,  started  by  the  failure  to  es- 
tablish the  Southern  Baptist  College  at  Washing- 
ton, Wilkes  County,  for  which  an  endowment  fund 
of  $100,000   had   been  subscribed.     Of  this   sum 


$20,000  had  been  contributed  by  the  Central  Asso- 
ciation, a  body  of  intelligent  and  liberal  brethren, 
to  endow  the  Central  Professorship  of  Languages 
and  Sacred  Literature.  That  body  suggested  that 
Mercer  Institute  be  elevated  into  a  college,  and 
this  solved  a  problem  which  was  puzzling  the  de- 
nomination. The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Con- 
vention took  the  matter  in  hand,  changed  the  name 
of  Mercer  Institute  into  Mercer  University,  pro- 
cured the  transfer  of  most  of  the  subscriptions 
which  had  been  made  to  the  Southern  Baptist 
College,  and,  in  December,  1837,  obtained  a  char- 
ter for  the  new  university.  At  its  next  session,  in 
May,  1838,  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  ratified 
this  charter  and  elected  the  first  board  of  trustees. 
The  first  meeting  of  this  board  was  held  at  Pen- 
field,  in  July,  1838,  when  they  assumed  the  man- 
agement of  the  institution  :  and  this  date  may  be 
regarded  as  the  official  beginning  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, though  the  college  classes  were  not  organ- 
ized until  January,  1839. 

The  board  of  trustees  was  composed  of  the  fol- 
lowing brethren :  Jesse  Mercer,  C.  D.  Mallary,  V. 
R.  Thoi'nton,  Jonath.an  Davis,  John  E.  Dawson, 
Malcom  Johnson,  W.  D.  Cowdry,  J.  II.  T.  Kil- 
patrii-k,  J.  II.  Campbell,  S.  G.  Ilillyer,  Abs.alom 
Janes,  R.  Q.  Dickinson,  William  Richards,  Thomas 
Stocks,  T.  G.  Janes,  J.  M.  Porter,  Lemuel  Greene, 
James  Davant,  F.  W.  Cheney,  E.  II.  Macon,  Wil- 
liam Lumpkin,  J.  G.  Polhill,  Lott  Warren,  Mark 
A.  Cooper,  John  B.  Walker,  I.  T.  Irwin,  W.  II. 
Pope,  men  who  were  representatives  of  the  denom- 
ination in  piety,  wealth,  intelligence,  and  in  social 
and  political  influence.  They  gave  shape  to  the 
institution,  and  to  their  wise  counsels  much  of  its 
success  is  due.  Thomas  Stocks,  a  layman,  who 
had  labored  in  building  up  the  institute,  was  the 
first  president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  was 
continuously  re-elected  for  about  twenty-five  years, 
until  failing  health  unfitted  him  for  the  duties  of 
the  office.  The  university  entered  upon  its  career 
with  a  liberal  endowment  for  the  times.  Four 
agents — Posey,  Connor,  Davis,  and  Mallary — were 
employed  in  getting  the  subscriptions  to  the  Wash- 
ington project  transferred,  and  in  obtaining  new 
pledges.  In  this  work  Rev.  C.  D.  Mallary  was  en- 
gaged during  the  years  1837,  1838,  and  1839.  Rev. 
Jesse  Mercer  was  by  far  the  largest  contributor,  as 
he  gave  during  his  life  and  by  will  aliout  $40,000. 
Among  those  who  donated  from  $1000  to  $5000 
were  Cullen  Battle,  R.  Q.  Dickinson,  W.  II.  Pope, 
James  Boykin,  T.  G.  Janes,  Absalom  Janes,  W. 
Peek,  Solomon  Graves,  and  John  B.  Walker. 
Within  the  last  twenty  years  several  legacies  have 
been  left  to  the  university. 

In  December,  1844,  the  manual  labor  system  was 
indefinitely  suspended  by  the  trustees,  with  the 
concurrence  of  the  contributors  to  the  university. 


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78."? 


MERCER 


The  first  diplomas  were  conferred  in  1841,  and  since 
then  there  has  been  a  regular  succession  of  gradu- 
ating classes,  with  the  exception  of  seven  years. 
An  efficient  faculty  was  gradually  enrolled.  One, 
Prof.  S.  P.  Sanford,  entered  the  institute  as  a  teacher 
in  1838,  and  has  served  continuously  down  to  the 


Biblical  literature,  and  it  was  extended  over  three 
years.  Two  professors  usually  gave  most  of  their 
time  to  instruction  in  this  department  of  the  col- 
lege. The  exigencies  of  the  civil  war,  in  1862, 
caused  a  suspension  of  the  theological  department, 
which  has  never  been  revived,  owing  to  a  general 


MERCER    fXIVERSITV. 


present  time.  Another,  Prof.  J.  E.  Willet,  an 
alumnus  of  1846,  was  elected  professor  in  1847,  and 
has  served  continuously  since  that  time.  In  both 
Mercer  Institute  and  the  university  a  theological 
education  was  a  primary  thought,  and  was  specifi- 
cally provided  for  in  donations  and  legacies.  Very 
appropriately,  therefore.  Rev.  Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood 
was,  in  1840,  elected  the  first  theological  professor, 
a  positiiin  which  he  occupied  three  years  only,  as  he 
then  accepted  the  presidency  of  Shurtleff  College, 
111.  In  184.5  the  theological  department  was  fully 
organized,  embracing  Greek,  Hebrew,  systematic 
and  pastoral  theology,  ecclesiastical  history,  and 


desire  to  build  up  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary. 

The  curriculum  of  the  classical  department  in 
Mercer  University  embraces  the  studies  usually 
taught  in  colleges  of  respectable  grade.  The  reg- 
ular course  requires  four  years,  and  leads  to  the 
degree  of  A.B.  A  scientific  course,  including  the 
regular  course  except  ancient  languages,  is  com- 
pleted in  three  years,  and  leads  to  the  degree  of 
B.S., — Bachelor  of  Science.  Seven  have  graduated 
in  the  scientific  course  and  440  in  the  regular 
course,  of  whom  77  became  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
Add  to  these  the  12  theological  graduates  and  the 


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MERCER 


75  who  have  taken  a  partial  covirse  in  the  institute 
and  university,  and  we  have  a  total  of  164  Baptist 
ministers  who  have  received  tlieir  education  in  this 
"  classical  and  theological  school"  instituted  by  the 
Baptist  fathers  nearly  half  a  century  ago. 

The  law  school  was  organized  in  1873.  Its  course 
extends  through  one  year,  and  thus  far  24  graduates 
have  received  the  degree  of  B.L. 

The  disasters  to  the  college  caused  by  the  civil 
war  led  to  its  dissolution  in  May,  1865,  and  the 
faculty  reluctantly  closed  its  doors.  The  two  senior 
members  of  the  faculty,  however,  opened  a  school 
in  the  college  buildings,  and  carried  on  the  mixed 
studies  of  preparatory  and  college  classes  until  the 
close  of  the  year,  when  the  trustees  begaa  again 
the  rehabilitation  of  the  university. 

There  had  always  been  differences  of  opinion  as 
to  the  location  of  the  college,  and  in  1850  a  feeble 
effort  was  made  to  remove  it  to  Griffin.  About 
1853  the  Baptists  of  Northwestern  Georgia  estab- 
lished the  Cherokee  Baptist  College  at  Cassville, 
and  soon  after  those  of  Western  Georgia  instituted 
another  at  Griffin, — Marshall  College.  Both  failed 
to  secure  endowments  and  passed  away.  Not  long 
after  the  war  the  question  of  removal  was  re-opened  ; 
several  cities  offered  valuable  pecuniary  induce- 
ments; and  in  April,  1870,  the  Convention,  by  a 
vote  of  71  to  16,  resolved  to  remove  the  university 
from  Penfield  ;  and  at  a  subsequent  conference  of 
a  committee  of  the  Convention  and  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  it  was  decided  to  locate  it  at  Macon, 
which  city  gave  the  university  $125,000  of  her 
bonds  and  seven  acres  of  land  on  Tatnall  Square. 
A  modification  of  the  charter  was  secured,  and  the 
university  was  removed  to  Macon  in  1871.  A  large 
four-story  bi'ick  building,  containing  over  thirty 
rooms  for  recitation  purposes  and  for  the  library 
and  philosophical  apparatus,  was  erected  by  the 
trustees.  Another  brick  building  was  also  reared 
as  a  dormitory  and  dining-hall  for  the  students. 
A  chapel,  and  a  building  to  contain  the  museum 
and  to  furnish  lecture-rooms,  were  in  contemplation 
also,  but  the  financial  panic  of  1873  caused  a  sus- 
pension of  further  building  operations. 

For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  en- 
dowment and  funds  of  the  university  were  managed 
by  Thomas  J.  Burney,  treasurer  of  the  Convention, 
than  whom  a  more  faithful  and  efficient  officer  never 
lived.  To  his  discretion  the  trustees  confided  the 
finances  of  the  institution  entirely,  and  that  so 
large  a  proportion  of  its  funds  was  saved  during 
the  war  is  due  to  his  wisdom  and  foresight. 

The  presidents  have  been  as  follows:  Rev.  B.  M. 
Sanders,  1839;  Rev.  Otis  Smith,  1840-43;  Rev. 
John  L.  Dagg,  D.D.,  1844-54  ;  Rev.  Nathaniel  M. 
Crawford,  d!d.,  1855-56  and  1858-65 ;  Rev.  Henry 
Ilolcombe  Tucker,  D.D.,  1866-71  :  and  Rev.  Archi- 
bald J.  Battle,  D.D.,  1872  to  date,  1880. 


Administration. — Rev.  Billington  M.  Sanders, 
who  had  been  the  central  figure  in  the  institute, 
consented  to  remain  one  year  as  president  of  the 
university.  It  was  fitting  that  he  should  launch 
upon  its  new  career  of  usefulness  the  bark  which 
he  had  guided  so  successfully  for  six  years.  Rev. 
Otis  Smith  succeeded  him,  and  remained  three 
years.  lie  gave  diplomas  to  the  first  two  gradu- 
ating classes. 

Rev.  Dr.  Dagg  succeeded,  in  1844,  to  a  presi- 
dency often  years.  With  superior  mental  endow- 
ments, solid  scholarship,  venerable  presence,  affable 
manners,  aptness  in  teaching,  and  steadiness  in 
discipline,  he  commanded  the  love  and  reverence  of 
the  whole  institution.  To  the  new  college  he  gave 
dignity  and  character  ;  and  he  made  its  friends  feel 
that  it  deserved  to  take  rank  among  the  colleges  of 
the  State. 

Rev.  Dr.  Crawford  inherited  much  of  the  mas- 
sive intellect  of  his  ftxther,  Hon.  Wm.  II.  Crawford. 
His  mind  mastered,  with  equal  case,  almost  every 
department  of  thought.  Modest,  sincere,  sagacious, 
companionable,  independent,  and  with  great  clear- 
ness and  coolness  of  judgment,  he  won  the  respect 
of  his  students ;  and  was  a  beloved  and  wise  coun- 
selor in  the  assemblies  of  his  brethren.  Rev.  Dr. 
Tucker  was  a  president  of  remarkable  originality, 
acuteness,  and  readiness.  Clear,  brilliant,  mag- 
netic, he  "enthused"  his  classes  as  few  have  the 
power  to  do.  "You  are  gentlemen,  and  the  sons 
of  gentlemen,"  was  the  key-note  of  his  discipline, 
which  banished  from  the  college  all  silly  tricks  and 
pranks,  and  encouraged  true  manliness  of  character 
among  the  students.  The  fresh  vitality  of  his  ad- 
ministration is  still  felt  in  the  institution. 

Rev.  Dr.  Battle,  though'  a  native  of  Georgia, 
came  from  another  State,  Alabama.  Ilis  father. 
Dr.  Cullen  Battle,  had  been  a  prominent  Baptist 
in  Georgia  until  his  removal  to  Alabama,  and  had 
been  a  liberal  donor  to  the  university,  and  his 
son  received  a  warm  welcome  on  returning  to  his 
native  State ;  and  he  found  friends  in  all.  A 
Christian  gentleman  of  the  highest  tone  and  culti- 
vation, with  fine  social  powers,  he  has  strongly  at- 
tached to  the  college  the  community  which  con- 
tributed so  liberally  to  its  endowment. 

The  university,  thus  founded  in  the  prayers, 
sacrifices,  and  best  purposes  of  the  denomination, 
the  centre  of  its  intellectual  culture,  has  ever  been 
the  rallying-point  of  the  Georgia  Baptists.  Sprung 
from  a  desire  for  an  educated  ministry,  it  has  ex- 
panded into  a  fountain  of  knowledge  for  Baptists 
of  every  calling.  Enlisting  their  minds  and  hearts 
in  its  great  work,  the  Georgia  Baptists  have  brought 
to  it  their  offerings  of  time,  money,  and  wisdom, 
and  when  necessary  have  sacrificed  their  prefer- 
ences for  locations  and  measures.  Such  a  fusion 
of  mind  and  heart  has  unified  and  consolidated  the 


MEREDITH 


785 


MERRILL 


denomination,  and  girded  it  for  the  great  religious 
worlc  which  it  has  wrought  in  the  State. 

Meredith,  Rev.  James  J.,  an  able  minister  of 
Ouachita  Haptist  Association,  La.,  was  born  Oct. 
27,  1810,  and  died  in  Caldwell  I'arish,  La.,  June 
27,  1S70. 

Meredith,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  beyond  question 
the  ablest  man  who  has  yet  appeared  among  the 
Baptists  of  North  Carolina,  and  as  the  founder,  and 
for  nineteen  years  the  editor,  of  the  Bihliral  Re- 
corder, probably  did  more  to  develop  the  denomina- 
tion than  any  man  who  has  ever  lived  in  the  State. 
Mr.  Meredith  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1797; 
came  to  North  Carolina  as  pa.stor  of  the  Newbern 
church  in  1820;  removed  to  Georgia  in  1822; 
settled  as  pastor  in  Edenton,  N.  C,  in  1825;  ori- 
ginated the  Baptist  Interpreter  in  1832,  which  was 
changed  to  the  Biblical  Recorder  in  1834  ;  removed 
to  Newbern  in  1835,  and  was  pastor  as  well  as 
editor  till  1838,  when  he  removed  to  Raleigh,  and 
taught  a  female  school  in  connection  with  edi- 
torial labors.  Mr.  Meredith  w.as  the  author  of  the 
constitution  of  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  State 
Convention,  and  of  the  masterly  address  of  that 
body  when  organized  in  1830.  He  was  elected  a 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  AVake  Forest  College 
in  1835,  but  did  not  accept  the  position.  lie  died 
in  Raleigh  in  1851.  As  an  editor,  he  was  the 
equal  of  any  man  in  the  United  States  in  his  day. 

Meridian  Female  College,  located  at  Meridian, 
Miss.,  was  founded  by  J.  B.  ILamberlin  since  the 
war.  From  one  to  two  hundred  young  ladies  are 
annually  taught  in  this  institution.  Rev.  C.  M. 
Gordon,  A.M.,  is  the  principal,  with  whom  is  asso- 
ciated Rev.  M.  T.  Martin  as  agent. 

Merriam,  Rev.  Asaph,  was  born  in  Gardiner, 
Mass.,  in  March,  1792;  hopefully  converted  at  the 
age  of  twenty-five,  lie  united  with  a  Congregational 
church.  Subsequently  he  became  a  Baptist,  and 
in  1825  was  ordained  at  Royalston,  Mass.,  and  re- 
mained here  five  years,  lie  was  afterwards  settled 
over  churches  in  New  Ipswich,  Canton,  Athol,  and 
Bolton.  lie  also  supplied  one  or  two  churches  for 
a  time.  Ilis  entire  ministry  extended  over  a  period 
of  about  forty  years.  He  died  at  Bolton,  Sept.  19, 
1868.     lie  was  a  useful  minister  of  Christ. 

Merrifield,  Rev.  A.  S.,  was  born  in  Newfane, 
Vt.,  April  1,  1837.  He  belongs  to  a  family  of 
eleven  children,  all  of  whom  are  active  members 
of  Baptist  churches.  Two  are  in  the  ministry, 
three  are  deacons,  and  three  are  ministers'  or  dea- 
cons' wives.  He  was  convorteil  to  Christ  while  a 
student  at  Leland  Seminary.  Townshend,  Vt.,  at 
the  ago  of  seventeen.  At  this  academy  he  pre- 
pared for  college,  and  entered  Madison  University 
in  1860.  lie  graduated  from  college  in  1864,  and 
from  the  theological  seminary  in  1866.  He  accepted 
a  call  from  the  Baptist  church  at  Sherman.  Chau- 


tauqua Co..  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  Oct.  17.  1866.  His  pastorate  with  this 
church  lasted  for  three  years  and  a  half.  After 
this  he  was  pastor  at  Morris  and  Sablette,  111. 

Feeling  that  he  might  accomplish  more  good  in 
a  new  and  rising  field,  he  accepted  an  invitation 
from  a  few  Baptists  in  the  city  of  Newton,  Kan- 
sas, to  aid  them  in  starting  and  building  up  a  Bap- 
tist church.  With  no  church  organized,  no  house 
of  worship,  and  no  specified  salary,  he  began  labor 
in  this  new  field  in  November,  1877.  Having  no 
place  to  hold  meetings,  these  brethren  commenced 
to  build  a  house  for  that  purpose.  In  January  it 
was  completed,  and  dedicated  to  the  worship  of 
God,  free  of  debt.  At  that  time  the  church  was  or- 
ganized. The  preaching  of  the  Word  was  attended 
by  the  power  of  the  Spirit,  and  many  souls  were 
saved.  Special  meetings  were  held  both  in  the 
town  and  in  the  country.  Thirty  persons  were 
baptized,  and  a  goodly  number  were  received  by 
letter  and  experience.  These  were  the  first  bap- 
tisms that  ever  took  place  in  the  town  of  Newton. 
The  Baptist  church  of  Newton  is  a  little  more  than 
two  and  a  half  years  old.  He  has  baptized  into 
this  church  .56  converts,  and  there  have  been  added 
in  all  164  members. 

Mr.  Merrifield  while  in  Kansas  has,  under  God, 
made  his  own  field,  and  is  one  (if  the  most  judi- 
cious, devoted,  successful,  and  able  workers  in 
the  State. 

Merrill,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  bom  March  18. 1765, 
in  Howlev,  Mass.  He  was  converted  in  his  thir- 
teenth year;  he  enlisted  in  January,  17JS1.  when 
only  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  fought  to  the  close 
of  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1789  with  high  honor.  He  began  to 
preach  in  1791,  and  his  first  sermon  commenced  a 
revival  of  religion  which  in  a  short  time  brought 
nearly  100  souls  to  Jesus.  He  preached  with  sim- 
ilar success  in  several  places,  staying  but  a  short 
time  in  each.  In  1793  he  formed  a  church  in  .Sedg- 
wick, Me.,  of  20  members,  on  the  Congregational 
platform,  and  in  1805  it  was  the  largest  church  of 
any  denomination  in  the  State.  Mr.  Merrill  at 
this  period  of  great  prosperity  was  filled  with  doubts 
about  the  divine  origin  of  infant  baptism,  and 
months  after,  when  he  declared  himself  a  Baptist, 
it  produced  a  great  commotion.  A  Baptist  church 
was  then  organized  of  85  members,  and  Mr.  Mer- 
rill was  ordained  as  its  pastor.  He  continued  in 
this  field  till  IS  14,  when  he  took  charge  of  a  church 
in  Nottingham,  N.  II.,  in  which  he  remained  seven 
years.  He  returned  to  Sedgwick  and  again  enjoyed 
extensive  revivals,  until  his  death,  in  June,  1833. 

Merrill,  Rev.  Eliphalet,  was  born  in  Stratham. 
N.  H.,  April  7,  176.J.  His  name  is  intimately  as- 
sociated with  that  of  Dr.  Samuel  Shepard,  who  was 
the  pastor  of  the  church    in   Brentwood,    N.   H. 


MERRILL 


786 


ME'fUALF 


This  church  has  several  branches,  one  of  tliem 
being  in  Northwood.  Over  this  branch  Mr.  Mer- 
rill was  ordaiuc<l  colleague  pastor  with  Dr.  Shepard 
in  1804,  and  for  thirty  years  he  was  the  minister 
of  tliis  branch  church.  He  was  especially  useful  in 
revivals,  and  made  many  missionary  tours,  preach- 
ing the  gospel  and  gathering  a  large  number  of 
converts  into  the  churches  of  New  Ilampsliire.  lie 
died  in  Northwood,  Feb.  7,  1853. 

Merrill,  Rev.  Thomas  W. — A  graduate  in  the 
first  class  that  took  its  full  course  in  Waterville 
College,  and  of  one  of  the  earliest  classes  at  New- 
ton ;  commenced  missionary  work  in  Michigan  in 
May,  1829.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Daniel  Mei-- 
rill,  of  Maine,  who.  when  a  Congregational  pastor, 
was  converted  to  Baptist  sentiments,  and  baptized 
by  Dr.  Bald  wi  n,  and  who  was  followed  by  a  large  part 
of  his  church.  It  was  the  mission  of  the  son  to 
lea<l  in  tlie  commencement  and  establishment  of  the 
educational  work  of  thedenomination  in  Michigan. 
After  teaching  in  Ann  Arbor  and  Schoolcraft,  he 
enlisted  the  co-operation  of  others  and  gained  the 
charter  of  what  is  now  Kalamazoo  College  in  1833. 
From  that  time  until  his  death,  in  1878,  he  devoted 
his  life  largely  to  the  cause  of  education,  perform- 
ing gratuitous  agency  service,  and  consecrating  the 
accumulations  of  his  life  to  the  endowment  of  the 
institution.     This  is  his  monument. 

Merritt,  Rev.  W.  H.,  was  born  in  Chatham 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  February,  1779;  professed  faith  in 
Christ  in  1801,  and  began  to  pi-each  in  1824.  He 
died  July  3,  1850,  and  left  SIOOO  for  the  erection 
of  a  Baptist  church  at  Chapel  Hill,  and  S2000  to 
Wake  Forest  College  to  be  appropriated  to  the 
education  of  young  ministers. 

Merry,  Rev.  N.  G.,  was  born  in  Christian  Co., 
Ky.,  July  10,  1824;  removed  from  Kentucky  to 
Tennessee  in  1826,  where  he  lived  until  1836, 
when  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  remained 
there  until  1840.  On  the  loth  day  of  May  of  that 
year  his  mistress  died,  and  he  was  brought  again 
to  Tennessee,  where  he  has  lived  ever  since.  He 
removed  to  Nashville,  and  resides  there  at  this 
time.  He  was  converted,  and  Nov.  1,  1845,  he  was 
baptized  in  the  Cumberland  River  by  Dr.  R.  B.'C. 
Howell.  From  his  conversion  he  was  impressed 
that  he  must  preach  the  gospel.  He  commenced, 
although  with  gi'eat  fear  and  ti-embling,  to  exhort. 
He  tried  to  shrink  from  duty,  but  the  more  he 
tried  the  more  forcible  became  the  conviction  that 
of  necessity  he  must  preach.  In  March,  1853,  he 
received  a  license  to  fill  the  pulpit  of  the  colored 
branch  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  A  reijuest  was 
made  for  his  ordination,  and  a  council  was  called 
on  the  29th  of  November,  1853,  which  set  him 
apart  to  the  Christian  ministry.  Rev.  S.  Baker, 
D.D.,  delivered  the  ordination  sermon.  Since  then 
he   has    preached    to    the   First   Colored  Baptist 


church  successfully.  He  began  with  100  mem- 
bers ;  the  church  now  numbers  2300.  During 
this  time  he  has  organized  13  churches.  He  has 
had  occasion  to  build  four  times  for  his  congrega- 
tion. The  present  church  cost  ?26,(XK),  and  will 
seat  about  1300  persons.  The  labors  of  Brother 
Merry  have  been  wonderfully  blessed  of  the  Lord. 
Ilis  influence  for  good  is  wide-spread. 

Messer,  Asa,  D.D.,  LL.D,,  the  third  president 
of  Brown  Dniversity,  was  born  in  Methuen,  Mass., 
in  1769.  He  graduated  from  Brown  University  in 
1790.  He  was  a  tutor  in  the  college  for  six  years. 
In  1801  he  was  publicly  ordained  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel.  Upon  the  resignation  of  President 
Maxcy  he  was  elected  to  fill  his  place.  He  re- 
signed his  office  in  1826,  after  having  been  con- 
nected with  the  university  as  student  and  officer 
nearly  forty  years.  His  death  occurred  at  Provi- 
dence, Oct.  11,  1836. 

The  estimate  in  which  President  Messer  was 
held  as  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments  may  be  in- 
ferred from  the  fact  that  his  own  university  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1806,  and  Harvard  University  in  1820. 
Jn  1812  the  University  of  Vermont  conferred  upon 
hira  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

His  published  writings  are  discourses  delivered 
on  different  occasions  when  he  was  called  upon  to 
officiate,  on  account  of  his  position  and  his  repu- 
tation. 

Prof.  Park  and  Hon.  W.  L.  Marcy  have  left  on 
record  testimony  to  the  ability  and  the  peculiar- 
ities in  the  character  of  President  Messer,  which 
no  one  can  read  without  reaching  the  conclusion 
that  he  was  a  man  of  mark  in  the  community  in 
wliieh  he  lived. 

Metcalf,  Rev.  WMtman,  was  born  in  Royal- 
ston,  Mass.,  Nov.  16,  17'.'".  At  an  early  age  he 
was  the  subject  of  serious  convictions,  and  devoted 
himself  to  the  Lord.  It  was  the  desire  of  his  heart 
that  the  Lord  would  honor  him  by  calling  him  to 
the  work  of  the  ministry.  But  it  was  not  until 
June,  1821,  that  he  preached  his  first  sermon  by 
appointment  of  the  Royalston  church.  The  result 
was  a  license  to  preach,  w'hich  he  did  as  oppor- 
tunity offered,  pursuing  his  studies  at  Amherst  and 
Waterville  meanwhile.  In  September,  1825,  hp 
was  ordained,  and  sent  out  by  the  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Society  of  Msissachusetts  to  preach  as  tlieir  mis- 
sionary in  Western  New  York.  He  was  soon  rec- 
ognized as  a  leader  of  the  new  interests  in  the 
western  counties  of  New  York,  and  his  services 
were  sought  far  and  near  in  establishing  and  fos- 
tering churches.  He  spent  six  years  in  Sardinia, 
Erie  Co.,  building  up  not  only  the  church  there 
but  other  flourishing  churches  in  neighboring 
towns. 

The  next  five  years   he  gave  to  the  church  in 


MICHIGAN 


787 


MICHIGAN 


Albion,  when  he  returned  to  Sardinia  for  three 
years.  lie  was  then  appointed  by  the  New  York 
State  Convention  as  tlieir  financial  secretary,  in 
which  service  he  remained  for  three  years.  From 
1844  to  1848  he  served  the  church  in  Brockport. 
when  he  was  again  called  from  the  pastorate  by 
the  New  York  Baptist  Education  Society  to  assist 
for  one  year  in  raising  funds  for  her  beneficiaries. 
At  the  close  of  this  year's  service  he  was  employed 
for  one  year  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  for  New  England,  when  he  was  called  to  the 
church  in  Springville,  which  he  served  from  1850 
to  1854,  and  then  removed  to  Nunda,  where  he 
preached  with  his  wonted  power  and  success  until 
1H63,  when  the  infirmities  of  age  compelled  him  to  re- 
tire from  pastoral  work.  He  resided  here,  however, 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  Nov.  7,  1877.  He 
lived  an  eventful  life,  as  a  missionary,  a  pastor, 
and  a  builder  of  churches.  He  came  to  the  close 
of  his  earthly  career  in  full  age,  seeing  many  com- 
munities bearing  the  precious  fruits  of  his  prayers 
and  tuiU,  and  loved  and  lamented  by  a  host  of 
friends. 

Michigan,  The  Baptists  of. — The  earliest 
trace  of  Baptists  in  the  Territory  of  Michigan  is 
found  in  Oakland  County,  in  1818,  where  the  city 
of  Pontiac  now  stands.  Orison  Allen  and  his  wife 
are  the  first  names  that  appear.  In  their  hands 
ourdenominiitional  flag  seems  to  have  been  brought 
into  the  Territory,  and  over  their  rude  cabin  that 
symbol  of  our  faith  and  love  was  first  displayed. 
Others  of  the  same  faith  accompanied  this  honored 
pair,  and  united  with  them  in  efforts  to  serve  the 
same  blessed  Master. 

After  four  years,  during  which  these  brethren 
and  sisters  on  *•>!«  wild  shore  must  have  often,  like 
the  man  of  Macei..  .a,  turned  wistful  looks  and 
pleading  calls  to  the  ministers  and  churches  across 
the  lakes  for  some  one  to  come  over  and  help  them, 
the  Paul  came  over.  Rev.  Elon  Galusha  was  that 
Paul.  He  was  the  ardent  and  gifted  missionary 
of  the  New  York  Baptist  Convention.  Brother 
Galusha  reached  Pontiac  on  an  itinerant  mission 
in  18'i"2.  Here  he  preached  in  the  wilderness,  and 
led  in  the  organization  of  the  first  Baptist  church 
of  the  Territory. 

.  The  population  of  Michigan,  when  our  first 
church  was  planted  in  it,  was  about  9()iH).  Detroit 
was  a  muddy  village  of  some  151KJ  inhabitants, 
among  whom,  if  there  was  a  Baptist,  aa  doubtless 
there  was,  his  or  her  memorial  has  perished. 

The  first  resident  Baptist  preacher  that  we  learn 
of  in  the  Territory  was  Lemuel  Taylor,  who  settled 
at  Stony  Creek,  in  Oakland  County.  He  held  the 
deacon's  office,  and  preached  as  a  licentiate,  never 
desiring  ordination.  He  was  a  good  and  useful 
man,  the  head  of  a  large  family,  for  whom  his 
hands  were  diligent,  and  who  perpetuated  his  use- 


fulness by  their  own  worth  in  the  churches.  Ab 
far  as  in  him  lay  he  preached  the  gospel  to  his 
neighbors  and  in  the  settlements  around,  seeking 
earnestly  to  plant  the  virgin  soil  with  true  religion 
and  the  true  church. 

The  church  at  this  place — Stony  Creek — was  the 
second  one  formed  in  Michigan.  Rev.  Nehemiah 
Lamb  and  his  sons.  Revs.  C.  A.  and  R.  P.  Lamb, 
visiting  Pontiac  in  June,  1824,  and  breaking  bread 
to  the  shepherdless  flock,  organized  the  brethren  at 
Stony  Creek  into  a  church. 

The  first  ordained  minister  who  settled  as  pastor 
in  our  Territory  was  Elkanah  Comstock.  As  mis- 
sionary of  the  New  York  Convention  he  volunteered 
for  this  remote  and  solitary  service,  and  took  charge 
of  the  church  in  Pontiac  in  the  summer  of  1824. 

In  connection  witli  the  labors  of  Elder  Comstock 
a  church  was  constituted  at  Troy  in  1825,  and  an- 
other at  Farraington  in  1826,  making  four  churches 
in  the  Territory,  all  in  Oakland  County. 

The  Michigan  Baptist  Association  was  formed 
in  1826  of  the  above  four  churches,  with  their  two 
or  three  ordained  ministers. 

The  second  pastor  that  we  learn  of  was  Rev. 
John  Buttolph,  who  was  settled  in  Troy  in  1826. 
He  died  with  this  church  the  same  year.  His 
memory  was  long  perpetuated  as  that  of  a  loved 
and  successful  pastor,  a  character  that  was  repro- 
duced in  his  son,  also  one  of  the  early  ministers  in 
the  State,  who  died  while  yet  young,  and  sleeps  by 
his  fathers  side  in  Troy. 

In  Detroit,  the  year  1826  set  the  Baptist  elements 
astir,  and  while  they  were  moving  towards  se- 
curing preaching.  Brother  Henry  Davis,  in  bis 
studies  at  Hamilton,  was  feeling  strong  impressions 
impelling  him  to  attempt  missionary  work  in  their 
city.  Accordingly,  in  the  summer  of  this  year,  he 
visited  Detroit  for  exploration,  and  became  inter- 
ested in  its  few  Baptists.  The  next  season  (1827) 
we  find  him  early  on  the  ground  with  the  wife  who 
had  given  herself  to  share  his  life  and  work.  Meet- 
ings were  established  in  the  academy,  and  soon  bap- 
tisms were  drawing  the  interested  people  to  the 
great  river-side  to  see  the  new  spectacle.  The 
church  having  formed  under  covenant,  was  ap- 
proved by  council  of  recognition,  Oct.  20,  1827. 
No  minister  of  the  Territory  was  present.  The 
New  York  Baptist  Convention  stood  nurse  to  the 
babe,  Elisha  Tucker,  of  Fredonia,  presiding  and 
preaching,  Jairus  Handy,  of  Buffalo,  giving  the 
hand  of  fellowship,  and  Asahel  Morse,  of  Ohio, 
the  charge. 

Brother  Davis,  as  pastor,  addressed  himself  with 
enterprise  to  the  building  up  of  the  interest.  Under 
his  leadership,  and  with  the  friendly  sympathy  and 
co-operation  of  Gov.  Cass,  the  grant  was  secured  of 
the  valuable  lots,  so  long  occupied,  on  the  corner 
of  Fort  and  Griswold  Streets.     But  sickness  seized 


MICHIGAN 


788 


MICHIGAN 


anil  disabled  the  young  pastor,  compelling  him  to 
abandon  )iis  Western  work  before  a  year  of  it  was 
finished. 

The  next  tributary  to  Baptist  influence  in  Michi- 
gan had  its  rise  in  the  coming  of  Thomas  W.  Mer- 
rill to  this  as  his  adopted  field  of  pioneer  work.  He 
entered  the  Territory  in  May,  1829,  and  enjoyed 
the  longest  ministerial  life  in  the  State  which  our 
entire  ministry  presents.  lie  was  from  the  State 
of  Maine,  where  his  father,  a  Congregational  min- 
ister, turned  a  piece  of  the  world  upside  down  by 
becoming  a  Baptist,  and  by  treating  his  church  as 
"a  cake  not  turned,"  an  "  Ephraim  who  had  mixed 
himself  among  the  people."  Thomas  had  gradu- 
ated at  Waterville  College  and  Newton  Theological 
Seminary.  Taking  his  appointment  "  not  from 
men  nor  through  man,"  he  started  at  his  gradua- 
tion from  the  seminary,  and  made  his  way  to  Michi- 
gan at  the  date  aforesaid. 

It  was  his  mission,  as  he  had  conceived  it,  and 
as  the  event  has  proved,  to  start  and  aid  in  rearing 
the  Michigan  Baptist  Institution  of  Christian  and 
Ministerial  Learning,  the  history  of  which  is  de- 
tailed in  another  paper. 

Looking  across  the  Territory  there  is  one  other 
quarter  in  which  light  was  newly  breaking  at  this 
date,  showing  that  torch-bearers  were  there  setting 
the  fires.  It  is  at  the  southwest  corner,  and  it  re- 
veals Rev.  Jacob  Price  in  Cass  County.  He  en- 
tered there  from  Wales  in  1831  or  1832,  having 
been  furthered  on  bis  way  by  Dr.  Cone  and  others 
in  New  York.  A  Brother  Miller,  from  Virginia, 
was  also  working  along  the  Indiana  border,  adjoin- 
ing Brother  Price's  field;  .and  Brother  H.  J.  Hall, 
from  A'ermont,  w.as  the  same  year  sent  as  a  mis- 
sionary into  that  vicinity,  and  labored  with  Brother 
Price  happily,  and  with  some  cheering  ingatherings 
of  souls  churches  were  formed  at  Liberty,  Lagrange, 
Niles,  Edwardsburg,  and  perhaps  over  the  Indiana 
line. 

Elder  Price  was  the  unremitting  toiler  on  that 
field  for  forty  years.  lie  was  benevolence  and 
work  personified.  God  anointed  him  with  the  Holy 
Spirit,  and  he  went  about  doing  good.  His  kindly 
countenance  was  the  first  preacher's  face  seen  in  the 
cabin  doors  of  the  new  settlers  over  a  large  portion 
of  Southwestern  Michigan.  Under  him  numerous 
churches  rose  up,  and  by  his  wise  counsels  and 
Christ-like  spirit  they  guided  their  afi'airs  with  dis- 
cretion. One  generation  after  another  saw  his 
familiar  appearance  passing  along  the  roads  to  his 
scattered  preaching-places,  and  leading  the  funeral 
processions  of  many  surrounding  towns;  and  then 
"  he  was  not,  for  God  took  him." 

At  Comstock,  the  mother  of  all  the  churches  in 
the  Kalamazoo  River  Association  was  formed  by 
Brother  Merrill,  Judge  Eldred,  and  others.  It  is 
now  the  Galesburg  church. 


In  1831  the  churches  associated  in  organizing 
the  Michigan  Baptist  Domestic  Mission  Society, 
which  kept  up  its  annual  meetings,  inspired  the  for- 
mation of  auxiliaries  in  all  the  churches,  solicited 
and  appropriated  funds,  and  was  in  fact  what  later 
took  the  name  and  form  of  the  State  Convention. 
Foreign  missions  were  alike  cared  for,  and  Chris- 
tian education.  Tract  circulation  was  also  organ- 
ized and  urged  with  intelligent  liberality  and  per- 
sonal labor  from  the  first. 

In  1832  there  were  twenty  churches  in  the  Ter- 
ritory and  twelve  pastors. 

Rev.  Robert  TurnbuU  became  pastor  in  Detroit 
in  November,  1834,  soon  after  which  time  the 
church  dedicated  their  permanent  bouse  of  worship. 
During  the  two  and  a  half  years  of  this  pastorate 
our  cause  in  Detroit  advanced  well. 

At  Kalamazoo  and  vicinity,  in  1835,  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Hall  commenced  preaching,  and  the  church 
w.as  formed  the  ensuing  February.  lie  labored 
as  pastor  eight  years  with  discretion  and  faith- 
fulness, and  the  church  became  a  steady  and  cen- 
tral light.  The  Literary  Institute  fixed  there  its 
permanent  location,  and  began  its  school-life. 

At  Schoolcraft,  Rev.  William  Taylor  was  set- 
ting on  the  candlestick  that  pure  and  beneficent 
light  which  shone  there  in  such  blessing  while  he 
lived;  ay,  and  is  phosphorescent  from  his  grave 
there  yet,  though  the  storms  of  more  than  twenty 
years  have  drenched  it. 

Under  these  laborers  and  their  co-workers  in  the 
churches  our  growth  spread  widely.  The  second 
Association  was  called  for  and  formed  in  1833  or 
1834,  bearing  then  the  name  of  Lagrange,  but  now 
the  St.  Joseph  River.  And  the  third,  first  called 
the  river  Raisin,  now  the  Washtenaw  Association, 
was  formed  on  the  14th  of  January,  1835. 

Now  came  the  building  and  launching  of  the 
B.aptist  Convention  of  the  State  of  Michigan ;  for 
Michigan  was  becoming  a  .State  just  in  time  to 
allow  this  name.  The  story  of  its  organization  and 
growth  is  reserved  for  another  article. 

Of  the  number  of  churches  and  members  in  the 
St.ate  at  the  date  of  the  Convention's  formation  we 
can  only  have  approximate  knowledge.  We  judge 
there  were  about  35  churches  and  nearly  2000 
members. 

A  large  number  of  ministers  came  in  or  were 
raised  up  in  the  churches  from  1830  to  1840: 
Brethren  Weaver,  Curtiss,  Hamlin,  J.  Harris,  N. 
G.  Chase,  M.  Allen,  L.  H.  Moore,  G.  B.  Day,  O.  C. 
Comstock,  Fulton,  Hendee,  Pennell,  Rummerey, 
Wisner,  Piper,  and  others.  The  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  came  promptly  on  the  field 
at  its  origin  in  1842,  and  has  been  at  the  front  ever 
since.  Almost  all  the  churches,  both  older  and 
newer,  have  felt  its  ready  and  steady  hand  of  help 
in  their  time  of  need. 


MICHIGAN 


789 


MICIIIGAX 


In  all  their  efforts,  and  in  general  co-operation 
with  missionary,  Bible,  and  other  causes,  there  has 
been  remarkable  freedom  from  partisan  divisions 
and  strifes  in  the  churches,  Associations,  and  Con- 
ventions. The  Baptists  of  Michigan  have  been 
a  homogeneous  people,  respectful  towards  each 
others  opinions  and  modes  of  action,  and  deter- 
mined that  no  incompatibility  should  divorce  what 
God  had  joined  together. 

The  largest  number  of  baptisms  in  a  year  was 
in  1876,  when  it  lacked  but  little  of  3000.  The 
average  for  fifteen  years  is  a  little  over  1400. 
Membership,  27,064.  Number  of  churches,  341, 
constituting  eighteen  Associations.  For  benevo- 
lent objects  of  all  kinds,  not  including  what  has 
been  done  by  contributors  for  their  own  local 
churches,  they  must  have  given  not  less  than 
§600,000,  all  of  it  in  comparatively  small  sums,— 
the  drops  that  make  the  ocean. 

Michigan,  The  Baptist  Convention  of  the 

State  of. — Till*  oldest  Baptist  cliurch  in  .Michigan 
— that  in  I'ontiac — was  formed  in  18l2li.  The  first 
ordained  Baptist  minister  residing  in  the  State  en- 
tered it  in  18-4.  The  first  Association  was  organ- 
ized in  1827,  but  no  general  convention  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  State  was  attempted  till  1836.  In 
that  year  a  call  was  issued  to  the  churches  to  send 
delegates  to  Detroit  for  a  State  organization,  and  in 
response  to  the  call  26  churches  were  represented 
by  55  delegates  in  Detroit  on  the  31st  of  August. 
Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  Archibald  Maclay,  Elon 
Galusha,  Elisha  Tucker,  and  eight  others,  not  resi- 
dents of  the  State,  were  present,  and  invited  to  aid 
the  delegates  in  their  work. 

The  plan  of  organization  then  adopted  was  almost 
exactly  the  same  as  that  now  in  use,  after  an  ex- 
perience of  forty-three  years.  The  design  of  the 
Convention  was  declared  to  be  "  to  carry  out  the 
commission  of  Christ  in  giving  the  gospel  to  every 
creature  ;  by  multiplying  and  circulating  copies  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures;  aiding  home  and  foreign  mis- 
sions ;  encouraging  Sabbath-school  instruction ; 
promoting  the  circulation  of  religious  tracts ;  and 
the  cause  of  education,  especially  that  of  the  rising 
ministry."  The  constitution  further  provided  that 
the  objects  contemplated  by  the  Convention  '"  shall 
be  classed  in  the  following  order:  Bible  efforts; 
home  missions  ;  foreign  missions  ;  education  ;  gen- 
eral benevolence  ;  and  each  of  the  foregoing  objects 
respectively  shall  be  assigned  to  a  specific  committee 
ajipointed  by  the  Board  of  Managers." 

How  little  change  has  been  introduced  into  the 
general  plan  of  organization  after  nearly  half  a 
century  will  appear  from  the  following  statement 
of  the  present  plan  of  work,  contained  in  the  by- 
laws as  last  printed : 

"  The  board,  at  its  first  meeting  after  its  elec- 
tion, shall  appoint  special  boards,  consisting  of  not 


less  than  five,  nor  more  than  nine  members,  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  1.  Tlie  Board  of  State  Missions. 

"  2.  The  Board  of  Christian  and  Ministerial  Edu- 
cation. 

"  3.  The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

"  4,  The  Board  of  Bible  Publication  and  Sun- 
day-school work. 

"  5.  The  Board  of  Home  Missions. 

"  These  special  boards  shall  be  regarded  as  co- 
operative respectively  with  the  general  societies  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  for  the  same  objects." 

As  a  result  of  this  organization  the  American  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Union,  and  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  and  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society,  have  at  their  service  organ- 
ized committees  to  commend  their  interest  to  the 
churches  of  the  State,  while  other  committees  are 
intrusted  with  the  care  of  new  and  feeble  churches, 
and  with  the  duty  of  aiding  young  men  whom  God 
has  calle<l  to  prepare  for  the  gospel  ministry.  At 
each  annual  meeting  these  subjects  come  up  in 
turn  for  consideration,  not  as  intruders,  nor  simply 
as  welcome  visitors,  but  as  the  very  interests  which 
the  Convention  was  organized  to  serve. 

At  the  first  electicm  of  ofiicers.  Rev.  Robert  Pow- 
ell was  chosen  president,  and  Rev,  Robert  Turnbull 
secretary,  and  the  Convention  entered  on  its  work 
with  hopeful  zeal. 

Among  the  objects  for  which  the  Convention  was 
formed  State  missions  have  naturally  occupied  a 
prominent  place,  both  because  the  demand  for  mis- 
sionary work  in  the  State  has  been  great  and  con- 
stant, and  because  in  this  work  the  board  was  not 
auxiliary  to  any  broader  organization,  but  respon- 
sible for  the  whole  direction  and  accomplishment 
of  the  enterprise.  For  a  few  years  it  co-operated 
with  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
in  the  care  of  the  churches  in  the  State,  as  was  the 
case  in  other  States,  but  in  1875  returned  to  the 
former  plan  of  separate  control.  A  large  propor- 
tion of  the  ablest  and  largest  churches  in  the  State 
have  been  fostered  by  the  Convention,  and  are  now 
glad  to  recognize  their  indebtedness. 

A  second  branch  of  the  Convention's  work  is 
that  of  Christian  and  ministerial  education.  At 
the  organization  of  the  Ctjnvention  appreciative 
recognition  was  made  of  the  institution  at  Kala- 
mazoo, and  the  policy  was  indicated  of  having  a 
college  with  full  powers.  Funds  also  were  then 
proposed  for  theological  education.  In  1837  a  the- 
ological school  was  resolved  upon.  Funds  for  ben- 
eficiaries were  raised  and  appropriated  to  students 
at  Hamilton. 

In  1846  the  establishment  of  a  theological  semi- 
nary was  determined,  grounds  were  purchased  in 
Kalamazoo,  and  preparations  were  made  for  build- 
ing.    The  seminary  was  not,  and  never  became,  a 


MICHIGAN 


790 


MIDDLEDirCH 


separate  corporation,  but  was  directlj' controlled  by 
the  Convention,  which  owned  the  pi'operty,  and  by 
its  board  governed  the  institution.  I'rof.  Jaiues  A. 
B.  Stone,  pastor  at  Kalamazoo,  and  principal  of 
the  institute,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  work  in 
the  beginning,  and  retained  this  place  for  seventeen 
years.  Instruction  began  in  1849,  and  Rev.  Sam- 
uel Graves  was  added  to  the  faculty  in  18 jl.  After 
the  institute  became  Kalamazoo  College,  its  pro- 
fessors taught  in  the  seminary  as  occasion  required. 
In  1806,  Dr.  Silas  Bailey  became  the  principal 
teacher  in  the  seminary,  and  remained  in  this  ser- 
vice till  the  fall  of  1869,  when  the  failure  of  his 
health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  all  severe  labor. 
The  funds  of  the  Convention  for  the  support  of  the 
seminary  had  never  been  adequate,  and  after  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  Bailey,  the  seminary  at  Chicago 
having  been  established,  it  was  thought  not  to 
provide  at  present  for  distinctively  theological  edu- 
cation. Meanwhile  the  funds  of  the  Convention 
which  were  given  for  ministerial  education  are 
sacredly  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  the  income  is 
appropriated  in  aiding  young  men  in  their  prepa- 
ration for  the  ministry.  While  the  seminary  was 
maintained  between  50  and  60  students  passed  from 
its  studies  into  the  ministry. 

In  1869,  Rev.  Thomas  W.  Merrill  offered  to  the 
Convention  the  sum  of  S8000  for  the  support  of  a 
professor  in  Kalamazoo  College,  who  must  be  a 
Baptist  minister  and  serve  as  college  pastor.  The 
original  endowment  was  to  remain  on  interest  till 
it  should  amount  to  SIO.OOO.  In  1874  the  same 
brother  pro[>osed  to  add  §14,000  to  a  previous  gift 
of  $1000,  for  the  endowment  of  scholarsliips  in 
Kalamazoo  College,  this  addition  to  Vjecome  avail- 
able in  1880  or  at  his  death.  These  endowments 
are  not  at  present  available,  as  the  notes  in  which 
Mr.  Merrill  made  payment  are  not  now  paying 
interest.  For  one  year,  however,  Rev.  Dr.  N.  S. 
Burton  served  in  the  Merrill  Professorship.  The 
funds  now  in  possession  of  the  Convention  for  edu- 
cational purposes,  besides  the  Merrill  endowments, 
are  about  §6000.  The  Convention  also  owns  the 
grounds  on  which  the  upper  buildings  of  Kalama- 
zoo College  are  situated,  worth  about  §60,000. 

Another  enterprise  of  the  Convention  was  the 
establishment  of  a  weekly  religious  paper.  Con- 
templated in  the  origin  of  the  Convention,  and 
agitated  at  each  of  the  annual  meetings  for  six 
years,  it  was  undertaken  at  the  meeting  in  1841, 
and  the  first  number  was  issued  in  January,  1842, 
bearing  the  name  of  the  Michigan  Christian  Her- 
ald. It  was  put  in  charge  of  a  committee,  of  which 
Rev.  Andrew  Tenbrook,  pastor  in  Detroit,  acted  as 
«ditor,  and  R.  C.  Smith  and  S.  N.  Kendrick  as  pub- 
lishers. The  second  year  Rev.  Miles  Sanford  per- 
formed editorial  work.  After  Prof.  Tenbrook  was 
called  to  the  university.  Rev.  J.  Inglis  succeeding 


him  as  pastor,  also  filled  the  editorial  chair.  With 
the  year  1848  began  Rev.  Marvin  Allen's  propri- 
etorship of  the  paper,  and  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Harris 
assumed  editorial  care  of  it.  Thence  to  the  death 
of  Mr.  Allen,  in  1861,  these  co-laborers  supplied 
the  State  with  the  Herald.  The  editor  gave  emi- 
nent satisfaction  in  his  department,  and  the  pulj- 
lisher  threw  his  tireless  zeal  and  rare  executive 
abilities  without  reserve  into  the  enterprise.  On 
the  death  of  Mr.  Allen  it  was  difficult  to  find  a  man 
ready  to  do  his  work.  The  orphaned  Herald  was 
taken  up  in  Kalamazoo  by  Brethren  Olney,  Curtiss, 
Walden,  Clark,  and  Cadiuan,  and  continued  to 
serve  the  churches  well  but  its  publishers  ill.  In 
1867  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  consolidate  the 
Hei-ald  with  the  Christian  Times,  of  Chicago,  and 
the  Witness,  of  Indianapolis,  under  the  name  of 
the  Standard,  which  has  since  been  published  in 
Chicago. 

The  publication  of  a  weekly  Baptist  paper  for 
'  Michigan  was,  however,  commenced  again  in  Jan- 
uar3-,  1873,  not  by  the  Convention,  but  by  Rev.  L. 
H.  Trowbridge  as  both  publisher  and  editor.  This 
paper,  which  bears  the  name  of  the  Christian  Her- 
ald, is  issued  from  Detroit,  and  has  had  a  con- 
stantly increasing  circulation  and  a  continuous 
growth  in  power  among  the  churches  till  now. 

Most  of  the  influence  which  the  Convention  has 
exerted  has  not  been  of  a  nature  to  be  easily  stated. 
It  has  produced  unity  of  action  among  the  churches, 
has  steadily  aided  in  the  collection  of  funds  for 
foreign  missions,  home  missions,  and  the  circula- 
tion of  religious  books,  has  provided  for  the  support 
of  candidates  for  the  ministry,  and  has  collected 
and  published  statistics  of  the  denomination  in 
Michigan.  The  meetings  from  the  very  beginning 
have  been  characterized  by  harmony  and  an  earnest 
desire  to  serve  the  interests  of  Christ's  kingdom. 

In  Michigan  there  are  18  Associations,  352 
churches,  307  ordained  ministers,  and  27,285  mem- 
bers. 

Kiddleditch,  Robert  T.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Bedfordshire,  England,  May  22,  1825.  His  father 
and  a  brother  were  Baptist  ministers.  He  became 
a  member  of  a  Baptist  church  at  sixteen  years  of 
age,  and  was  educated  at  an  English  seminary  for 
missionary  students,  and  in  1844  was  sent  as  a 
missionary  to  Jamaica.  West  Indies,  by  the  English 
Baptist  Missionary  Society. 

In  1846  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and  set- 
tled at  Lyons  Farms,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  ordained 
in  1848.  In  1850  he  settled  at  Red  Bank,  N.  J., 
where  he  remained  as  pastor  till  1867.  He  also 
served  the  churches  of  Nyack  and  Flushing,  X.  Y., 
as  pastor.  In  all  his  settlements  he  met  with  suc- 
cess. Since  1872  he  has  been  associate  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Weekly.  He  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Madison  University. 


MIKELS 


791 


MILES 


He  is  the  author  of  that  widely-circulated  work, 
"A  PeJobaptist  Church  no  Home  for  a  Baptist;" 
also  a  premium  mission  tract,  "  The  World's  Kevo- 
lution,'  published  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Board  ; 
"A  Baptist  Church,  the  Christian's  Home,''  and 
"  Burmah's  Great  Missionary.''  Several  sermons 
preached  by  him  have  been  published.  He  is  an 
able  and  industrious  writer  and  preacher,  as  his 
worlcs  attest. 

Mikels,  Wm.  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Oran-^e  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  18,  1820.  He  was  graduated  from 
Madison  University  in  1843,  and  the  theological 
seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  in  1845.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Rondout, 
N.  Y.  After  four  years  of  service  he  then  settled 
in  Sing  Sing,  where  he  labored  six  years.  In  1856 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Sixteenth  Street 
Baptist  church.  New  York,  which  position  ho  filled 
for  seventeen  years.  This  was  the  great  w^ork  of 
his  life.  It  was  a  continuous  revival,  and  many 
hundreds  were  added  to  the  church.  Dr.  Mikels 
is  a  plain,  earnest  speaker,  appealing  directly  to 
the  hearts  of  the  people.  As  a  friend  in  need,  a 
counselor  in  trouble,  and  as  a  peace-maker,  he  has 
few  equals.  For  some  years  he  has  been  tlie  pas- 
tor of  the  East  Baptist  church,  located  in  the 
Seventh  AVard. 

Miles,  Rev.  Edward,  was  Iwm  in  the  arsenal 
at  Philadelphia,  Nov.  15,  1812;  baptized  in  Miles- 
l>urg,  Pa.,  Nov.  25,  1832 ;  ordained  at  Mileslmrg, 
May  15,  1837,  and  at  different  periods  served  the 
following  churches  in  Pennsylvania:  Alleghany, 
Meadville,  Freeport,  Loyalhannook,  Uniontown, 
Zion,  Kittanning,  New  Castle,  Brownsville,  and  Red 
Stone  in  Union  County.  June  4,  1852,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Second  church  in  Davenport,  Iowa, 
where  he  still  resides. 

Miles,  Rev.  Frederick  W.,  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick ;  was  a  graduate  of  King's  College, 
AVindsor,  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  converted  while  at- 
tending that  institution.  Subsequently  adopting 
Baptist  principles,  he  was  baptized.  He  was  for 
some  time  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  and  afterwards  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick.  At  the 
opening  of  the  Baptist  seminary,  in  January,  1836, 
in  Fredericton,  Mr.  Miles  became  its  principal,  and 
60  continued  till,  to  the  regret  of  all,  sickness  com- 
pelled him  to  resign.  Enthusiastic  and  energetic 
in  his  work  in  the  seminary  and  in  the  gospel,  he 
had  the  entire  confidence  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion, and  their  highest  commendation.  He  died 
February,  1842. 

Miles,  Rev.  George  Frederick,  was  born  in 
Mangerville,  New  Brunswick  ;  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  that  province ;  ordained  pastor  in  1846, 
and  has  been  pastor  at  St.  George,  Moncton,  and 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  and  also  at  Amherst, 


Nova  Scotia,  and  now  performs  a  vast  amount  of 
pastoral  and  missionary  work  in  Cumberland  and 
Colchester  Counties,  Nova  Scotia. 

Miles,  Rev.  John,  in  1062,  was  ejected  from  the 
living  of  Ilston,  in  Wales,  by  the  Act  of  Uniform- 
ity. Like  a  considerable  number  of  Baptists  in 
the  time  of  Cromwell's  protectorate  he  was  prob- 
ably pastor  of  a  Baptist  church,  and  officiated  as  a 
preacher  in  one  of  the  state  churches.  The  law,  in 
1662,  compelled  him  to  surrender  his  relations  to 
the  Establishment,  and  suVgected  him  otherwise  to 
great  sufferings  if  he  would  carry  out  his  conscien- 
tious convictions.  He  had  been  a  very  active  and 
successful  Baptist  minister.  Backus  represents 
him  as  the  "  father  of  the  Baptist  churches  in 
Wales,  which  began  in  1649."  This  statement  re- 
quires some  modification,  but  it  is  certain  that  he 
was  exceedingly  useful  in  spreading  the  truth  in 
the  principality.  And  had  he  not  been  a  man  of 
strict  conscientiousness  he  would  have  retained  his 
living  in  the  national  church  and  sacrificed  his  re- 
ligious principles.     Many  followed  this  course. 

In  1063  he  and  his  Baptist  friends  nf  Swansea, 
in  Wales,  came  to  Jlassachusetts,  and  located  at  a 
place  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  their  old 
home.  They  brought  their  church  records  with 
them,  and  they  joined  together  "  in  a  solemn  cove- 
nant"' (in  a  church  organization)  in  the  house  of 
John  Buttcrworth.  Mr.  Miles  was  the  pastor  of 
the  American  Swanzey  church.  He  was  a  minis- 
ter of  great  industry  and  zeal,  and  of  fearless 
courage.  When  the  Boston  brethren  suffered 
heavily  from  the  persecuting  laws  of  their  Puritan 
bretliren,  Mr.  Miles  went  to  succor  them,  and 
give  such  counsel  and  encouragement  as  his  wide 
experience  would  readily  furnish.  He  stood  his 
ground  in  Swanzey  against  all  discouragements 
and  threatenings,  and  proved  himself  a  tower  of 
strength  to  the  abused  and  persecuted  Baptists. 
He  remained  the  pastor  of  Swanzey  till  his  death, 
in  1683. 
I  Mr.  Miles  was  distinguished  for  his  learning, 
and  remarkable  for  his  piety,  and  such  was  the 
blessed  influence  which  he  exerted,  and  the  deep 
impression  which  he  left,  that  Backus  writes  of 
him  in  1777,  nearly  a  hundred  years  after  his 
death,  "  his  memory  is  still-  precious  among  us." 
And  Mather  is  compelled  to  place  him  and  Ilan- 
serd  KnoUys  among  "some  godly  Anabaptists'' 
who  came  from  England.  '"  Both  of  these,"  he 
says,  "  have  a  respectful  character  in  the  churches 
of  this  wilderness." 

Miles,  Gen.  Samuel,  was  bom  at  White  Marsh, 
Montgciniory  Co.,  Pa.,  173U.  His  grandfather,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  this  State,  was  a  native 
of  Wales.  In  his  sixteenth  year  Samuel  Miles 
joined  a  company  of  militia  which  was  ordered  to 
Northampton   County   to   defend   its    inhabitants 


MILES 


792 


MILLER 


from  hostile  Indians.  In  his  military  duties  he 
showed  such  skill  and  courage  that  the  governor  of 
the  colony,  in  1757,  sent  him  an  ensign's  commis- 
sion in  the  troops  of  Pennsylvania.     He  was  three 


GEN.  SAMUEL    MILES. 

years  in  active  service,  during  which  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  command  of  a  company;  and  he  was 
only  once  slightly  wounded. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  married  Catharine, 
daughter  of  John  Wistar,  Esq.,  and  entered  upon 
housekeeping  and  commercial  pursuits  in  Philadel- 
phia. His  talents  and  industry  secured  for  him  such 
a  measure  of  prosperity  that  in  1774  he  retired 
from  business. 

When  the  Revolutionary  agitation  began  Capt. 
Miles  was  among  the  first  to  show  his  patriotic 
ardor.  In  1776  he  became  colonel  of  a  regiment  of 
riflemen,  formed  by  himself,  and  composed  of  his 
neighbors  and  friends.  This  body  of  brave  men, 
one  thousand  strong,  was  attached  to  the  regular 
army  under  Washington.  On  the  2Sth  of  August, 
1776,  he  fought  with  great  gallantry  at  the  battle 
of  Long  Island,  and  his  riflemen  showed  a  heroism 
worthy  of  the  glorious  cause  which  they  represented. 
But  the  army  of  freedom  was  not  equal  to  the  forces 
of  oppression,  and  for  the  time  being  they  were  com- 
pelled to  give  way.  With  Col.  Miles,  Gens.  Sul- 
livan and  Stirling,  and  eighty-one  other  oSicers  were 
captured.  During  his  imprisonment  he  was  made 
a  brigadier-general  for  distinguished  services  in  the 
field.  After  his  release  he  was  for  a  time  deputy 
quartermaster  of  the  American  army  for  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania.     His  military  services  were  of  the 


highest  importance  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle  ; 
and  his  patriotic  example  exerted  an  immense  in- 
fluence in  stirring  up  the  lukewarm,  and  in  putting 
the  disloyal  to  shame. 

After  the  conclusion  of  peace  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Philadelphia,  a  position  which,  for  gen- 
erations, has  been  regarded  by  its  citizens  as  an 
honor  of  unusual  magnitude,  the  duties  of  which 
have  generally  been  discharged  by  distingnislii'd 
men.  The  picture  of  Gen.  Miles  adorns  the  office 
of  the  chief  magistrate  of  Philadelphia  at  this  time, 
surrounded  by  the  portraits  of  his  predecessors  and 
successors  ;  and  his  biography  may  be  consulted  in 
the  archives  of  the  mayor's  office.  Gen.  Miles  was 
an  alderman  of  Philadelphia,  a  member  of  the 
Colonial  and  State  Legislatures,  and  a  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals.  He  was  a  man 
whom  his  fellow-citizens  delighted  to  honor. 

In  1792  he  retired  again,  to  a  country-seat  in 
Montgomery  County.  Of  this  place  President 
Manning,  of  Rhode  Island  College  (now  Brown 
University),  says,  "Col.  Miles  has  a  most  elegant 
seat,  gardens,  meadows,  etc.,  and  a  most  remark- 
able spring,  which  turns  three  wheels  in  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  from  its  source.  I  spent  three  days  very 
agreeably"  (there).  In  that  beautiful  home,  in 
gratifying  refined  tastes,  and  in  extending  a  gen- 
erous hospitality  to  his  numerous  friends,  he  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  days.  He  died  Sept.  29,  1805, 
in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

Gen.  Miles  was  a  zealous  Baptist,  and  a  warm 
friend  to  every  Baptist  interest.  A  lady,  a  relative 
of  the  general,  who  wrote  a  sketch  of  his  life  for 
The  Assemhh/ s  Magazine  of  1806,  a  Presbyterian 
periodical,  says,  "  A  Scotch  nobleman  was  once 
complimented  upon  the  number  of  offices  he  had 
filled  under  the  British  government,  each  of  which 
was  mentioned  to  him  ;  '  You  have  forgotten,'  said 
he,  '  to  mention  one  of  my  honors,  which  I  prize 
more  than  all  the  rest,  and  that  is  the  oflice  of  an 
elder  in  my  parish  church,  which  I  have  filled  for 
many  years.'  The  same  pre-eminence  in  ecclesias- 
tical over  civil  honors  was  possessed  by  Gen.  Miles 
for  many  years  in  the  Baptist  church  of  Philadel- 
phia.'' 

The  writer  means  that  the  general  was  a  Bap- 
tist deacon,  and  that  he  esteemed  that  office  his 
chief  honor.  Grace  had  so  completely  moulded 
the  heart  and  character  of  Gen.  Miles,  that  an  in- 
timate friend  of  nearly  twenty  years'  standing 
"  had  never  once  seen  him  angry.''  "  He  loved 
and  cherished  his  country  as  if  he  expected  to  live 
in  it  forever,  and  yet  he  served  his  God  as  if  he 
constantly  felt  that  he  was  a  stranger  in  this 
world,  and  that  his  citizenship  and  home  were  in 
heaven.'' 

Miller,  Rev.  Andrew  Jackson,  was  bom  in 
Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  7,  1839.     He  was  educated 


MILLER 


793 


MILLER 


at  Madison  College,  Tenn.  ;  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  Mount  Zion  Baptist  church,  in  Ohio 
Co.,  Ky. ;  licensed  to  preach  in  1859,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Cool  Spring  church,  in  the  same  county, 
in  1861.  He  was  pastor  for  a  time  at  Henderson, 
Ky.  Afterwards  he  preached  several  years  at  Car- 
rollton.  Mo.  In  1S77  he  returned  to  Kentucky, 
and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Cloverport.  At 
present  he  is  pastor  of  Zion  church  in  Henderson 
County.  He  has  baptized  over  1000  persons,  and 
has  served  the  Henderson  County  Association  as 
moderator  during  the  last  three  years.  He  is  a 
brother  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  B.  Miller,  of  Evansville, 
Ind.,  an  able  preacher  and  an  efficient  pastor. 

Miller,  D.  Henry,  D.D.,  w.as  bom  in  the  Isle 
of  Jersey,  Oct.  31,  1827.  His  mother  w.as  the 
daughter  of  one  of  the  heroes  of  Bunker  Hill.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  England.  On  the  death  of 
his  father  Mrs.  Miller  returned  to  Boston,  where 
her  son  received  his  first  training.  lie  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Wesleyan  Institution  in  1845.  In 
1849  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Madison 
University.  Soon  after  the  time  of  his  graduation 
he  embraced  the  views  of  the  Baptists,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Stanton  Street  Baptist 
church  in  New  York.  In  1847  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington, 
Conn.  In  1849  he  organized  a  church  of  seven 
members  under  an  old  elm-tree  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  until  1857.  In  that  year  he 
settled  in  Meriden,  Conn.,  and  in  1861  was  com- 
missioned as  chaplain  of  the  loth  Regiment  Conn. 
Vols.  After  two  years  of  service  in  the  field,  he 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Trenton,  N.  J.  In  1866  he  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Lewisburg  University,  Pa.  In  1867  he 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Broad  Street  church 
of  Elizabeth.  N.  .J.  In  1S72  he  settled  with  the 
Worthen  Street  church  in  Liwell,  Mass.,  and  in 
187.3  accepted  a  call  from  the  Plymouth  church  in 
New  York.  In  1875  he  took  charge  of  the  Noble 
Street  church,  Brooklvn,  where  he  has  been  emi- 
nently successful. 

Dr.  Miller  succeeded  Rev.  Dr.  Dowling,  some 
years  since,  in  the  editorship  of  the  Baptist  Memo- 
rial, in  which  he  continued  for  several  years,  until 
its  sale  and  removal  frnm  New  York. 

Miller,  Rev.  Harvey,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Mil- 
ler (pastor  of  old  Wallingford  church,  and  first  pas- 
tor of  Meriden  church  in  1817),  was  born  in  Wal- 
lingford, Conn.,  April  3,  1814  :  baptized  on  the  day 
he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  by  Rev.  Simon 
Shailer :  soon  began  to  preach;  in  1832  entered 
Hamilton  Theological  and  Literary  Institution,  and 
remained  four  years ;  ordained  at  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.,  Nov.  23,  1836;  returned  to  Connecticut  in 
1838,  and  became  pastor  of  Baptist  church  in  Mer- 
iden, where  he  successfully  labored  eighteen  years 
61 


till  his  death;  died  Aug.  27,  1856;  had  an  active 
and  quick  mind  :  an  extensive  reader  ;  often  quaint 
in  his  mode  of  expression  ;  laborious  worker  ;  real- 
ized excellent  results  in  his  ministry  ;  beloved  and 
honored. 

Miller,  Hon.  James,  was  born  in  West  Phila- 
delphia. Pa.,  Oct.  22,  1822;  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Blockley  church,  Phihidelphia. 
by  Rev.  Joseph  Hammett,  Oct.  22,  1843.  He  soon 
after  became  one  of  the  constituent  members  of 
the  First  church.  West  Philadelphia;  but  subse- 
quently returned  to  the  Blockley  church,  where 
for  many  years  he  was  a  faithful  member,  an  hon- 
ored office-bearer,  and  an  efficient  Sunday-school 
superintendent.  In  1872  he  connected  himself 
with  the  Mantua  mission  interest  in  West  Phila- 
delphia, and  by  his  labors  and  benefactions  largely 
aided  the  organization  and  growth  of  the  present 
Mantua  church.  He  was  prominently  identified 
with  the  establishment  of  the  Baptist  Home  of 
Philadelphia,  and  is  still  a  member  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  board  of 
curators  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  and  is 
treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  As- 
sociation and  the  Philadelphia  City  Mission.  In 
other  religious  and  secular  enterprises  he  is  offi- 
cially connected  with  the  management  of  important 
trusts.  For  several  years  he  was  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Philadelphia  Progress.  In  1864-65, 
and  again  in  1869-70,  he  was  chosen  to  represent 
his  fellow-citizens  in  the  Pennsylvania  State  Legis- 
lature. In  all  these  varied  and  responsible  posi- 
tions he  has  shown  himself  to  be  an  able  officer,  a 
wise  counselor,  an  upright  man,  and  a  consistent 
Christian.  He  was  especially  devoted  to  Sunday- 
school  work,  and  much  of  his  time  has  been  spent 
in  earnest  and  successful  efforts  to  so  address  him- 
self to  the  young  as  to  make  early  religious  impres- 
sions upon  their  hearts.  Of  those  whom  he  has 
thus  influenced  many  will  doubtless  shine  as  stars 
in  the  crown  of  his  rejoicing. 

Miller,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Voluntown, 
Conn.,  Feb.  3,  1775;  experienced  a  saving  change 
in  his  eighteenth  year ;  removed  to  Abington, 
Luzerne  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  IS.  1802.  Here  he  lived 
and  labored  until  his  decea.se,  Feb.  19,  1857,  in  his 
eighty-third  year.  His  wife  was  the  fifth  lady  in 
the  settlement.  On  the  18th  of  October,  1802,  the 
Abington  Baptist  church  was  recognized,  and  the 
same  day  he  was  ordained  as  its  pjistor,  and  he 
served  them  with  singular  ability  and  success  until 
1S53, — a  period  of  over  fifty  years.  But  service  in 
this  single  church  was  not  enough  to  satisfy  the 
longing  desires  of  his  heart.  "  He  cultivated  as 
his  field  the  northern  part  of  Luzerne  County, 
with  portions  of  Wyoming  and  Su.squehanna 
Counties,  embracing  the  l.irge  area  commencing 
on  the  summit   of  the  Moosie  Mountain  on  the 


MILLER 


794 


MILLJiU 


northeast,  and  extending  down  its  soutliwestern 
slope  over  the  Abington  hills,  and  beyond  the 
waters  of  the  Susquehanna."  The  immense  labor 
required  for  the  work  could  not  easily  be  con- 
ceived, much  less  performed,  by  ministers  used  to 
the  ordinary  comforts  of  the  present  day.  Ben- 
ton, Blakely,  Clifford,  Carbondale,  Eaton,  Exeter, 
Newton,  Northnioreland,  Pittston,  Providence, 
Greenfield,  and  Tunkhannock  are  churches  located 
now  in  what  was  then  the  geographical  field  of 
this  hardy  missionary  and  pastor.  Such  were  the 
herculean  labors  of  this  man,  performed  without 
remuneration,  amid  winter's  cold  and  summer's 
heat,  on  foot  or  on  horseback,  in  dangers  seen 
and  unseen,  but  with  unfaltering  faith  and  glow- 
ing desire  to  fulfill  the  ministry  given  him  in 
the  dispensation  of  grace.  And  the  fruits  were 
more  abundant  than  the  labor.  He  baptized  not 
far  from  2000  converts,  attended  nearly  as  many 
funerals.  Six  whole  churches,  and  parts  of  six 
others,  the  results  of  his  ministry,  have  become 
independent  bodies ;  seven  preachers  of  the  gos- 
pel have  been  raised  up  in  the  one  church,  and 
an  influence  all-pervading  had  leavened  the  entire 
field. 

After  a  ministry  of  fifty-three  years  he  lingered 
for  a  few  weeks  in  great  pain,  but  was  calmly  re- 
leased, in  the  full  possession  of  his  mental  powers, 
on  Thursday,  Feb.  19,  1857. 

Miller,  Col.  John  Blount,  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  on  the  16th  of  September,  1782.  lie 
studied  law  at  an  early  age,  and  was  the  first  notary 
public  ever  appointed  for  Sumter  County.  His  dili- 
gence and  accuracy  in  business  soon  gave  him  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  the  highest  re- 
spect of  the  bench  and  bar. 

He  joined  the  Baptist  church,  High  Hills  of 
Santee,  in  early  life,  and  his  devotion  as  a  Chris- 
tian was  even  greater  than  he  had  exhibited  in  his 
legal  profession. 

In  1817  he  was  appointed  commissioner  and 
register  in  equity,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death,  on  the  21st  of  October,  1851.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  in  the  next  winter,  and  re-elected 
for  each  term  while  he  lived. 

He  was  a  captain,  major,  and  lieutenant-colonel 
successively  in  the  war  of  1812.  Hence  the  title 
of  colonel,  by  which  he  was  ever  afterward  known. 

Miller,  Rev.  Manoah  D.,  of  Madison,  Wis., 
was  born  Feb.  15,  1811,  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J. 
His  parents  were  Manoah  and  Elizabeth  Miller. 
They  were  Baptists,  and  their  Christian  lives  and 
example  made  a  deep  impression  on  him,  and  con- 
tributed largely  in  shaping  the  future  of  their  son. 
His  father  was  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  York.  In  early  life  he  obtained  a  hope  in 
Christ  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  He 
completed  the  full  literary  and  theological  course 


of  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
He  was  ordained  at  Munkton,  Vt.,  and  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place.  He 
subsequently  served  as  pastor  the  churches  at 
Springfield,  Danville,  Windimm,  Wilmington,  and 
Addison',  in  Vermont.  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Middlebury  College.  In 
January,  1853,  he  came  to  Madison,  Wis.,  which 
has  been  his  place  of  residence  since  that  time. 
AVhen  he  came  to  Madison  the  Baptist  church 
there  had  no  church  edifice.  He  at  once  led  the 
church  in  the  work  of  building,  and  succeeded  in 
enlisting  the  city  generally  in  the  movement  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  secure  the  best  edifice  for  the 
church,  and  the  most  centrally  located  of  any  in 
the  place.  He  was  in  that  early  day  an  active  and 
very  useful  pastor.  He  did  much  outside  of  his 
church  to  organize  the  missionary  and  educational 
work  of  the  State. 

In  June,  1857,  owing  to  impaired  health  re- 
quiring his  retirement  from  the  active  work  of  the 
ministry,  he  organized  the  Wisconsin  Bank  of 
Madison,  which  institution  he  managed  with  honor 
and  success  until  1861,  when  he  closed  it.  He  con- 
tinued banking  in  other  forms  and  connected  with 
other  business  until  1876,  when  he  withdrew  from 
active  business.  He  is  now  living  in  retirement 
near  the  city  of  Madison.  He  has  always  taken 
the  liveliest  interest  in  the  Baptist  church  of  which 
he  was  the  pastor,  and  of  which  he  has  continued 
an  active  and  useful  member. 

Miller,  Rev.  R.  M.,  was  born  in  Sevier  Co., 
Tenn.,  Nov.  3, 1815.  He  died  April  22,  1871.  Pro- 
fessed religion  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  began 
to  preach  in  early  life.  He  was  ordained  July  8, 
1843.  Revs.  John  Woody,  Thos.  Jackson,  and 
John  Avery  composed  the  Presbytery.  Mr.  Miller 
labored  in  Johnson,  Cass,  and  Pulaski  Counties. 
He  was  unwearied  in  work,  and  he  was  successful. 
He  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and  died  soon 
after. 

Miller,  Rev.  T.  Doughty,  was  born  in  New 
York,  Sept.  19,  1835.  He  was  brought  up  in  the 
Episcopal  Church.  He  was  converted  in  1850; 
shortly  afterwards  he  pursued  classical  and  theo- 
logical studies  at  St.  Augustine's  Institute,  N.  Y., 
with  a  view  to  the  ministry  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
He  was  principal  of  a  public  school  in  Trenton  for 
three  years,  and  he  held  the  same  position  sub- 
sequently in  Newburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1856,  having 
learned  the  truth  more  perfectly,  he  was  baptiz 
the  Hudson  River  with  his  wife  at  Newburgh. 
August,  1858,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Mount 
Zion  Colored  Baptist  church,  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 
In  this  church  and  in  Albany  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus. 

In  1864  he  accepted  a  call  fi'om  the  First  African 
Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.     In  this  old  corn- 


having  A 
tizedin  1 
;h.     In     ' 


MILLETT 


795 


MILTON 


luunity  he  soon  became  a  great  favorite,  and  the 
seal  of  the  Spirit  was  given  to  his  ministrations. 
The  membership  is  three  times  more  numerous 
than  when  lie  assumed  the  pastorate.  Under  his 
guidance  the  church  purchased  a  larger  edifice  in 
a  better  locality,  which  is  now  entirely  paid  for 
through  the  liberality  of  the  members  and  the 
generous  gifts  of  friends  in  the  white  churches,  who 
appreciate  the  talents  and  piety  of  Mr.  Miller.  His 
enlarged  edifice  is  filled,  and  his  usefulness  is 
visible  to  all  that  know  the  community  over  which 
he  so  worthily  presides. 

Since  his  settlement  in  Philadelphia  the  First 
African  church  has  sent  out  a  missionary  to  the 
land  of  their  fathers,  and  four  young  men  who 
have  become  successful  pastors  in  Wilmington, 
Baltimore,  New  Bedford,  and  in  the  Imliaii  Terri- 
tory. 

Mr.  Miller  was  appointed  to  preach  the  intro- 
ductory sermon  before  the  Philadelphia  Associa- 
tion in  1S79;  he  was  the  first  colored  man  that 
ever  occupied  the  position,  and  he  was  not  placed 
in  it  through  political  bias,  but  as  a  simple  recog- 
nition of  his  Christian  worth  ;  his  sermon  showed 
the  propriety  of  the  choice.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  man 
of  scholarly  tastes  ;  he  is  the  best  colored  preacher 
ever  located  in  Philadelphia,  and  his  piety  is  of  a 
high  order. 

Millett,  Rev.  Joshua,  was  born  in  Leeds,  Me., 
Jan.  20,  1SU3.  He  took  part  of  the  collegiate 
course  of  study  at  Waterville,  and  then  went  to  the 
Newton  Theologicallnstitution,  where  he  graduated 
in  the  class  of  18.3.5.  His  ordination  took  place  at 
Charleston,  Me.,  Jan.  6,  1836,  where  he  remained 
two  years,  and  then  went  to  Cherryfield,  where  he 
was  pastor  five  years.  Afterwards  he  removed  to 
Wayne,  where  he  continued  until  his  death,  March 
10,  1848. 

Mr.  Millett  was  the  author  of"  A  History  of  the 
Baptists  in  Maine,"  in  which  he  has  gathered  up 
many  facts  about  men  and  things  in  that  State 
which  were  fast  passing  into  oblivion.  Future 
historians  of  denominational  matters  in  Maine  will 
be  grateful  for  the  careful  and  useful  work  which 
he  has  done. 

Milliken,  Rev.  L.  H.,  was  bom  Aug.  21,  1813, 
in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.  He  was  educated  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  graduating  Oct.  3,  1838.  He  professed  re- 
ligion Dec.  27,  1832,  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  and  was 
^  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Whippoorwill 
Baptist  church.  Law  County,  by  Rev.  R.  T.  Ander- 
son, and  ordained  at  the  instance  of  Pleasant  Grove 
church,  by  Revs.  Wm.  Warder.  O.  H.  Morrow,  and 
R.  T.  Anderson.  Mr.  Milliken  spent  a  year  in 
evangelistic  labors  in  North  Alabama;  came  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  the  winter  of  1839,  and  took 
charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  one  year.  In 
the  winter  of  1841  went  to  Somerville,  Fayette  Co., 


Tenn.,  where  he  remained  teaching,  and  preaching 
to  Somerville  Baptist  church  until  the  winter  of 
1851,  when,  upon  invitation  of  the  church  of  that 
city,  he  removed  to  Aberdeen,  Miss.,  where  he 
labored  six  years.  In  the  spring  of  1856  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  nearly  four 
years  were  spent.  In  1860  he  removed  to  his  plan- 
tation in  Hardeman  Co..  Tenn.,  near  Grand  Junc- 
tion, to  recruit  his  health  from  excessive  and  long- 
continued  labor.  In  1862  he  became  chaplain  of 
the  13th  Tenn.  Regiment,  C.  S.  A.,  and  he  contin- 
ued in  that  office  until  the  winter  before  the  close 
of  the  war. 

Since  the  war  he  has  been  engaged  in  teaching 
and  preaching  the  gospel.  Through  his  efforts  a 
substantial  house  of  worship  has  been  built  in  La 
Grange,  Tenn.,  costing  5^5000,  and  the  foundation 
of  another  has  been  laid  in  Somerville,  Tenn.,  the 
county  seat  of  Fayette  County,  the  estimated  cost 
of  which  is  S8000,  with  a  fair  prospect  of  comple- 
tion. Mr.  Milliken  is  possessed  of  more  than  ordi- 
nary ability  and  of  great  piety. 

Mills,  J.  H,,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  July 
9,  1831;  was  baptized  by  his  father;  graduated 
with  first  distinction  at  Wake  Forest  in  the  class 
with  Judge  W.  T.  Faircloth  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  North  Carolina  and  Dr.  T.  II.  Pritchard  ;  be- 
came president  of  Oxford  Female  College  in  1855 ; 
bought  the  Biblical  Recorder  in  1867,  which  he 
conducted  with  success  for  six  years ;  organized  the 
Oxford  Orphan  Asylum  in  1873,  of  which  he  has 
been  the  superintendent  ever  since.  This  noble 
charity,  which  has  fed,  clothed,  and  educated  hun- 
dreds of  poor  orphan  children,  has  been  sustained 
almost  altogether  by  the  unaided  efforts  of  this 
most  benevolent  and  energetic  man,  and  a  rich 
heritage  of  blessing  will  rest  upon  him  and  his 
forever  for  his  '"  works  of  faith  and  labors  of  love.'' 

Mills,  Prof.  L.  R.,  was  bom  in  Halifax  Co., 
Va.,  Aug.  17,  1840;  baptized  by  Dr.  Wingate,  Oct, 
19,  1859,  He  graduated  at  AVake  Forest  College 
in  1861,  and  served  four  years  in  the  late  war,  lie 
has  been  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Wake  Forest 
College  since  1871,  Prof.  Mills  was  for  several 
years  secretary  of  the  board  of  education,  and  is 
a  very  effective  speaker.  He  is  now  bursar  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  one  of  the  rising  men  of  the 
State. 

Milton,  John,  was  bom  in  London,  Dec.  9, 1608. 
His  father  was  a  man  of  taste  and  of  ample  re- 
sources, and  John  had  everything  to  contribute  to 
his  proper  training.  When  he  was  only  twelve 
years  of  age  he  had  an  irresistible  desire  to  acquire 
information,  and  would  sit  up  till  midnight  reading, 
though  seriously  afflicted  with  weak  eyes  and  with 
severe  pains  in  the  head.  At  fifteen  he  turned 
some  of  the  Psalms  into  beautiful  stanzas.  Before 
he  went  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  which  he 


MILTON 


796 


MILTON 


entered  when  he  was  sixteen  years  and  two  months 
old,  he  was  an  advanced  classical  scliolar,  and  he 
was  well  acquainted  with  ancient  and  modern  the- 


JOUN    MILTON. 


lie  studied  seven  years  in 


cries  of  philosophy. 
Cambridge. 

When  he  left  the  university  he  came  to  reside 
with  his  father  at  Ilorton,  in  Buckinghamshire, 
with  whom  he  stayed  for  several  years.  This  pe- 
riod he  spent  in  reading,  in  learned  investigations, 
and  in  giving  to  the  world  several  pieces  of  ex- 
quisite poetry.  He  could  translate  with  the  great- 
est ease  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  French,  Italian,  and 
Spanish,  and  his  works  carried  marks  of  the  wealth 
of  universal  learning.  They  speedily  became 
known  all  over  Europe,  and  especially  in  Italy,  so 
that  when  he  visited  that  country,  in  16.39,  he  was 
received  with  extraordinary  enthusiasm  and  honor, 
the  leading  men  in  literary  and  scientific  pursuits 
treating  him  as  if  he  were  A"irgil  or  Dante  return- 
ing to  visit  the  glorious  land  in  which  they  spent 
their  earthly  lives.  Milton  was  rudely  recalled 
from  his  Italian  ovations  by  the  fierce  conflicts  of 
his  countrymen,  and  for  twenty  years  he  wielded 
his  pen  for  liberty  with  a  power  almost  surpassing 
that  of  the  sword  of  Cromwell,  the  greatest  war- 
rior of  the  whole  Anglo-Saxon  race.  Milton  was 
a  republican  arsenal  stored  with  intellectual  wea- 
pons, which  he  could  use  with  so  much  ease,  and 
■with  such  fatal  effect,  that  no  man  could  stand  be- 
fore him.  Among  his  countrymen  there  was  not 
another  with  his  intellect,  his  culture,  and  his  skill 
in   using  his  mighty  arms.     The  royalists,  with 


good  reason,  dreaded  and  hated  him.  Cromwell 
and  his  followers  cherished  him  with  a  tender  af- 
fection. 

He  was  the  Latin  secretary  of  Cromwell  during 
his  entire  protectorate.  Latin  was  the  language 
of  diplomacy  and  of  courts  in  their  business  re- 
lations with  each  other.  It  was  Milton  that  wrote 
the  dispatches  which  made  the  Duke  of  Savoy 
tremble  on  his  petty  throne  and  drop  the  bloody 
sword  with  which  he  was  inflicting  martyrdom 
upon  the  godly  Waldenses.  If  CromwiU  forged 
his  own  thunderbolts,  his  Latin  secretary  hurled 
them  forth  with  such  a  force  that  their  execution 
was  fatal  to  every  plot  conceived  against  Protest- 
antism or  England. 

Milton  was  married  three  times.  His  last  wife 
survived  him  for  many  years,  and  was  buried  in 
Nantwich,  Cheshire,  in  the  Baptist  chapel.  She 
had  been  for  a  long  period  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  Nantwich. 

The  work  with  which  Milton's  fame  is  now  chiefly 
connected  is  "  Paradise  Lost.''  It  was  published 
in  1667.  The  author  was  paid  £5  for  it,  and  he 
was  to  receive  £5  more  for  every  1300  copies  sold. 
He  received  £10  from  the  immortal  poem,  and  his 
widow  sold  the  copyright  for  £8.  "  Paradise  Lost" 
altogether  brought  the  author  and  his  wife  less 
than  ninety  dollars !  Such  compensation  for  the 
most  sublime  production  ever  created  by  human 
genius ! 

How  Milton  escaped  the  axe  or  the  halter  of 
Charles  II.  history  does  not  tell.  It  is  a  circum- 
stance so  singular  that  it  seems  almost  miraculous. 

Milton  had  very  decided  religious  convictions. 
His  principal  error  was  a  peculiar  view  about  the 
person  of  Christ,  tending  somewhat  towards  Arian- 
ism.  His  general  opinions,  however,  were  those 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  believed,  for 
example,  that  it  was  not  lawful  for  any  power  on 
earth  to  exercise  compulsion  over  the  conscience  in 
religious  matters  ;  that  the  Word  of  God  was  the 
only  authority  in  Christ's  earthly  kingdom  ;  that 
the  government  of  a  church  was  purely  congrega- 
tional, as  contrasted  with  the  usurpations  of  popes, 
prelates,  and  presl>yteries ;  and  that  the  members 
of  a  church  should  be  regenerated  persons.  His 
opinion  about  imputation  is  sounder  than  the  doc- 
trine of  the  great  theologian  of  Kittering.  He 
says,  "As  therefore  our  sins  are  imputed  to  Christ, 
so  the  merit  or  righteousness  of  Christ  is  imputed 
to  us  through  faith.  It  is  evident  therefore  that 
this  justification,  in  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  is 
gratuitous;  in  so  far  as  Christ  is  concerned,  not 
gratuitous,  inasmuch  as  Christ  paid  the  ransom  for 
our  sins,  which  he  took  upon  him  by  imputation.'' 
The  great  poet  and  the  great  apostle  see  alike  on 
this  blessed  subject. 

In  his  "  Treatise  on  Christian   Doctrine"  Milton 


.VIMS 


797 


.VINER 


gives  a  clear  account  of  his  views  of  the  mode  and 
subjects  of  baptism.  lie  says,  '"  Under*  the  j^ospel 
the  first  of  the  sacraments,  commonly  so  called,  is 
baptism,  wherein  the  bodies  of  believers  who  en- 
<;age  themselves  to  pureness  of  life  are  immersed 
in  runnini;  water  to  signify  their  regeneration  by 
the  Holy  Spirit,  and  their  union  with  Christ  in 
liis  death.  Ijiirial,  and  resurrection.  Hence  it  fol- 
lows that  infants  are  not  to  be  baptized,  inasmuch 
as  they  are  incompetent  to  receive  instruction  or 
believe,  or  to  enter  into  a  covenant,  or  to  promise 
or  answer  for  themselves,  or  even  to  hear  the  Word. 
For  how  can  infants  that  understand  not  the  Word 
be  purified  thereby,  any  more  than  adults  can  re- 
ceive edification  by  hearing  an  unknown  language? 
For  it  is  not  the  outward  baptism  which  purifies 
only  the  filth  of  the  flesh,  but  the  answer  of  a  good 
conscience,  as  Peter  testifies,  of  which  infants  are 
incapable."  The  poet  then  proceeds  to  refute  the 
arguments,  now  threadbare,  by  which  Pedobaptists 
in  that  day  urged  the  baptism  of  children.  And 
when  Milton  concludes  he  has  left  infant  baptism 
without  any  authority  or  even  pretext  for  its  ex- 
istence. 

In  regard  to  the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism. 
Milton,  in  "  Paradise  Lost,"  expresses  the  same 
opinion  as  he  gives  in  his  '"  Treatise  on  Christian 
Doctrine," — 

.  .  .  .  "  them  who  shall  helieee 
Baptizing  in  the  projiuent  itlre'tm,  the  sign 
Of  waiiliint;  them  from  gililt  of  t<iD  to  life 
Pure,  and  in  miwl  prepared,  if  so  befal  1 
Fur  death,  like  tliat  which  the  Redeemer  died." 

xii.  Ul. 

His  "Treatise  on  Christian  Doctrine"  was  written 
in  Latin,  and  tr.inslated  in  1825  by  Sumner,  who 
afterwards  became  bishop  of  Winchester. 

Milton  in  his  old  age  was  blind.  The  Conventi- 
cle Act  suspended  heavy  penalties  over  all  who 
attended  religious  services  other  than  Episcopalian, 
for  which  Milton  had  no  relish,  and  he  stayed  at 
home  and  read  his  Bible,  determined  to  give  the 
government  no  opportunity  to  inflict  vengeance  on 
the  most  talented  enemy  of  the  house  of  Stuart. 
He  died  Xov.  8.  1674.  Macaulay  says,  "Though 
there  were  many  clever  (talented)  men  in  England 
during  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
there  were  only  two  minds  which  possessed  the 
imaginative  faculty  in  a  very  eminent  degree;  one 
of  these  produced  'Paradise  Lost,"  the  other  'The 
Pilgrim's  Progress.' "  John  Bunyan  and  John 
-Miltonf  were  both  Baptists. 

Mims,  Prof.  James  S.,  was  bom  in  Columbus 
v'o..  X.  C,  I'cb.  10,  1817.  He  wished  to  be  bap- 
tized before  he  was  twelve  years  of  age,  but  his 


*  Treatieo  on  Christian  Doctrine,  pp.  431-2.    London,  182S. 
t  Ivlmej's  Life  of  Milton,  p.  IM.    London,  1833. 


father,  fearing  he  might  be  acting  prematurely, 
kept  him  back  until  he  was  about  thirteen. 

He  desired  immediately  to  commence  preaching, 
but  his  father  again  restrained  him  for  a  short 
time.  Having  heard  his  son  speak  in  a  prayer- 
meeting,  he  gave  his  consent,  and  the  church  at 
Fayetteville  licensed  him  to  preach. 

He  went  first  to  Chapel  Hill,  but  close  applica- 
tion injuring  his  health,  he  was  compelled  to  re- 
turn home.  He  next  studied  privately  with  Prof. 
J.  C.  Furman  for  eighteen  months,  and  then  en- 
tered Furman  Theological  Institution.  Having 
spent  a  year  there,  he  went  to  Newton,  where  he 
graduated  in  1842. 

In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Theology  in  Furman  University,  and 
entered  on  the  duties  of  his  office  in  January,  1843, 
and  continued  there  until  his  death,  which  hap- 
pened in  June,  1855. 

He  was  ordained  at  Society  Ilill,  S.  C,  in  July, 
1843,  by  Brethren  J.  C.  and  Richard  Furman,  J.  0. 
B.  Dargan,  and  John  Culpepper.  Although  emi- 
nently fitted  for  the  pastorate,  his  brethren  claimed 
his  services  in  preparing  others  for  that  office. 

His  face  correctly  and  plainly  indicated  the 
leading  features  of  his  mind, — gentleness  and 
firmness,  native  talent  and  high  culture,  in  short, 
every  characteristic  of  the  highest  order  of  a  Chris- 
tian gentleman.  But  his  "  sun  went  down  while 
it  was  yet  day." 

Miner,  Rev.  Ashor,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington,  Conn.,  Jan.  30,  1772;  ordained  in  1805; 
for  ten  years  associate  pastor  with  Rev.  Simeon 
Brown  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  North 
Stonington ;  on  the  de.ath  of  the  aged  minister, 
Nov.  24,  1815,  he  became  sole  pastor,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  office  until  his  death  ;  was  the  co- 
temporary  of  Revs.  Jonathan  Miner.  .John  G. 
AVightman,  Roswell  Burrows,  Elihu  Chesebrough, 
John  Sterry,  AVm.  Palmer,  the  Durrows,  and  the 
Babcocks  ;  enjoyed  a  number  of  powerful  revivals  ; 
received  nearly  500  into  the  church  ;  died  Sept.  1, 
1836,  in  his  sixty-fifth  year. 

Miner,  Rev.  Bradley,  was  born  in  North  Ston- 
ington. Conn.,  July  IS,  1S08.  He  joined  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  his  native  place  when  he  was  but 
thirteen  years  of  age.  He  began  to  preach  at  sev- 
enteen. He  taught  for  four  or  five  years,  com- 
bining study  with  teaching.  He  was  for  some  time 
at  Newton,  and  then  went  to  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
His  ordination  occurred  in  18:50.  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Fall  River. 
After  three  years  of  service  with  this  church,  he 
spent  the  next  three  years  partly  in  Pawtucket 
and  partly  in  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  from  which  place 
he  removed  to  Neponset.  Mass.,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  that  village  for  nine  years.  In  1846 
he  went  to  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and,  as  in  other  places, 


MINER 


798 


MINISTERS 


a  rich  blessing  attended  his  labors,  lie  removed 
to  the  South  Baptist  chun-h  in  I'roviilonoe,  with 
■which  tlie  Fifth  Baptist  cliiireh  united,  and  the 
church  thus  composed,  under  the  jruidance  of  their 
energetic  pastor,  erected  the  Friendsliip  Street 
church.  After  a  ministry  of  nearly  twenty-eight 
years,  Mr.  Jliner  died  in  October,  18.54.  AVith  a 
warm,  ardent  temperament,  and  thoroughly  con- 
eeerated  to  his  work,  he  was  the  means  of  accom- 
plishing no  small  amount  of  good  in  the  different 
fields  in  which  he  was  called  to  labor. 

Miner,  Rev.  George  Herman,  son  of  neacon 
Leland  and  Bridget  AV.  (Main)  Miner,  was  born  in 
,  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  Sept.  15,  1835,  of  a  his- 
toric Baptist  family;  well  trained;  taught  two 
years  in  Bacon  Academy,  Conn.,  and  two  years  in 
Marion  Collegiate  Institute  in  New  York ;  pre- 
pared for  college  in  the  Connecticut  Literary  Insti- 
tution, at  Suffield ;  graduated  with  honor  from 
Brown  University  in  1863 ;  studied  tlieology  ;  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Central  Falls  Baptist  church 
in  Lincoln,  R.  I.,  in  August,  1864,  and  remained 
four  years;  in  September,  1868,  became  pastor  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
and  continued  until  1872;  in  October  of  that  year 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  and  labored  four  years ;  in  October, 
1876,  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  Britain,  Conn.,  where  he  is  now  laboring 
with  his  characteristic  ability  and  wonted  success ; 
devoutly  wields  a  ready  eluquenoe  and  good  pen. 

Miner,  Rev.  Jonathan,  was  ordained  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  Conn.,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1814  ;  the  same  year  settled  as  fourth  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  cliurch  in  North  Ston- 
ington, Conn.,  and  remained  twenty  years ;  his 
labors  were  followed  by  very  powerful  revivals  in 
1814,  1822,  1828,  and  in  1831;  a  man  of  strong 
native  talents,  fervent  piety,  and  clear  doctrinal 
views ;  a  superior  preacher ;  died  in  1844.  The 
second  pastor  of  this  church  was  Rev.  Eleazar 
Brown ;  ordained  Jan.  24,  1770 ;  died  June  20, 
1795.  The  third  pastor  was  Rev.  Peleg  Randall; 
ordained  Oct.  25,  1792 ;  settled,  1795 ;  resigned, 
1813. 

Miner,  Rev.  Simon  G.,  was  bom  in  Brookfield, 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  8,  1808,  being  the  son 
of  Absalom  and  Mary  Miner.  He  believes  that 
his  conversion  took  place  when  he  was  at  the 
age  of  five  years.  When  twelve  years  old  he 
was  strongly  convinced  of  his  duty  to  be  baptized 
and  unite  with  the  church  ;  but  the  scruples  then 
so  common  with  reference  to  early  conversion 
caused  a  postponement  until  his  twenty-first  year. 
He  was  then  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  of  his  native  town  by  Rev.  Mr.  Kelsey. 
The  family  having  removed  to  Friendship,  Alle- 
ghany Co.,  his  impressions,  for  some  time  enter- 


tained, as  to  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  then 
took  more  decided  form.  They  were  shared  also 
by  the  deacons  of  the  church,  in  which  he  was  at 
length,  in  the  absence  of  the  pastor,  quite  unex- 
pectedly called  upon  to  fill  the  pulpit.  He  com- 
plied, and  was  then  regularly  licensed  by  the 
church,  the  date  of  this  official  act  being  January, 

j  1830.  Up  to  this  time  he  li.ad  been  engaged  in 
farming.  He  now  abandoned  this  business,  an<l 
began  a  course  of  study  at  Hamilton.     His  health 

I  failing,  by  advice  of  the  faculty  and  of  his  phy- 
sician he  left  the  institution  and  began  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry,  being  ordained  at  Rushford 
in  August,  1834.  His  pastorates  in  the  State  of 
New  York  were  with  the  Rushford,  Farmerville, 
and  Penfield  churches,  some  months,  ^neanwhilc, 
being  spent  in  the  service  of  the  Genesee  Sunday- 
School  Union.  In  1837,  in  association  with  Rev. 
Alfred  Bennett,  he  was  appointed  by  the  New 
York  State  Convention  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Convention  of  Western  Baptists,  held  that  year  in 
Cincinnati.  This  resulted  in  his  removal  to  the 
West.  His  first  field  of  labor  was  at  Lafayette  and 
Crawfordsville,  Ind.  In  July,  1841,  he  became 
pastor  of  The  church  in  Franklin,  after  one  year 
being  recalled  to  Lafayette,  where  his  labors  were 
resumed,  and  a  house  of  worship  built.  In  1847 
he  accepted  an  appointment  as  agent  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union,  serving  one  year.  He  then  became 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Canton,  111.,  the  pastorate 
continuing  some  ten  years,  characterized  by  rich 
blessings,  so  that  the  church  grew  to  be  one  of  the 
strongest  in  the  State,  490  being  added  by  baptism. 
After  a  year  of  service  as  secretary  of  the  General 
Association,  Mr.  Miner  was  recalled  to  Canton,  ' 
and  continued  in  this  second  pastorate  until  1861. 
He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Union  as  a  chap- 
lain in  the  army,  remaining  in  it  three  years.  His 
health  becoming  impaired,  he  engaged  in  business 
at  Bloomington  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  has 
since  served  churches  as  a  supply,  or  acting  pastor. 
His  whole  period  of  service  has  been  one  of  signal 
usefulness,  alike  in  the  gathering  of  converts  and 
the  successful  administration  of  church  affairs. 

Ministers. — The  office  of  the  Christian  minister 
was  created  by  God  himself,  and  its  existence  is  to 
be  defended  by  all  the  power  of  the  churches.  It 
is  the  province  of  the  minister  to  feed  the  flock  of 
Christ  committed  to  his  charge,  to  preach  the  glor- 
ious gospel  of  the  blessed  God  to  the  perishing,  to 
see  that  the  church  is  kept  free  from  heresy  and 
sin,  and  to  administer  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per. The  minister  should  be  "  blameless,  the  hus- 
band of  one  wife,  vigilant,  sober,  of  good  behavior, 
given  to  hospitality,  apt  to  teach."  He  should  be 
free  from  all  vices,  and  "  have  a  good  report  of 
them  who  are  without." 

The  official  authority  of  all  ministers  is  exactly 


MINNESOTA 


799 


MINNESOTA 


equa^ ;  they  are  all  bishops,  and  each  hishup  is  but 
an  elder.  Prelacy  and  diocesan  episcopacy  are  un- 
known in  the  New  Testament.  The  churcli  of 
Ephesus,  a  single  congregation,  recent  in  organiza- 
tion, had  elders  or  presbyters,  and  these  ciders 
were  called  overseers  [npeaiivTeimvc:  tmmrmovr)  by  the 
apostle  Paul,  that  is,  bi.ihops,  as  the  Greek  text  in- 
forms us.  Acts  XX.  17,  28.  A  bishop,  like  a  Romish, 
(Jrcek,  Anglican,  or  Methodist  predate,  had  no  ex- 
istence among  the  officers  of  apostolic  churches,  as 
there  were  several  bishops  in  one  congregation. 
St.  Jerome,  in  the  fourth  century,  repeatedly  con- 
tirnis  this  statement,  one  quotation  from  whom  we 
will  give.  Commenting  on  Titus  i.  .'),  7,  he  says,  "  A 
presbyter  is  the  same  as  a  bishop,  and  until,  by  the 
instigation  of  the  devil,  there  arose  divisions  in  re- 
ligion, and  it  was  said  among  the  people,  '  I  am  of 
Paul,  and  I  of  Apollos,  and  I  of  Cephas,'  churches 
were  governed  by  a  common  council  of  the  presby- 
ters. Afterwards  truly,  every  one  reckoned  those 
to  be  his,  not  Christ's,  whom  he  baptized.  Then 
it  was  decreed  over  the  world  that  one  of  the  pres- 
byters should  be  placed  over  the  rest,  to  whom  the 
whole  care  of  the  churcli  should  belong,"*  etc. 
Jerome  was  undoubtedly  right  about  the  original 
equality  of  gospel  ministers,  and  about  the  agency 
which  reared  Christian  hierarchies. 

Ministers  should  be  supported  by  the  people  for 
whom  they  labor.  "  Even  so,"  says  Paul,  "  hath 
the  Lord  ordained  that  they  who  preach  the  gospel 
should  live  of  the  gospel." 

Ministers  are  chosen  by  the  churches,  and  or- 
dained by  brethren  summoned  for  that  i)urpose  by 
the  authority  and  invitation  of  the  churches.  God 
calls  every  true  minister  to  his  work,  the  churches 
recognize  his  voice  and  obey  it,  by  placing  those 
whom  he  has  selected  as  watchmen  upon  the  walls 
of  Zion. 

Minnesota  Baptists,  Historical  Sketch  of.— 

The  First  Baptist  ciuirch  of  St.  Paul  was  the  first 
church  of  our  denomination  organized  in  the  State 
of  Minnesota.  The  Kev.  .lohn  P.  Parsons,  under 
the  appointment  of  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, came  to  St.  Paul  in  May,  1849.  After  a 
search  of  six  months  for  Baptists  he  found  twelve 
persons  in  St.  Paul  and  vicinity  who  were  ready 
for  the  formation  of  a  church.  The  organization 
took  place  Dec.  .30,  1849.  The  first  baptism  was 
administered  in  April,  IS.'il.  The  first  meeting- 
house was  built  the  same  year,  and  the  funeral  ser- 
vice of  its  pastor  was  the  first  held  within  its  walls. 
The  chui-eh  grew  in  numbers,  both  by  conver- 
sion and  by  letter,  until  they  were  compelled  to 


*  Iilem  est  ergo  preabytt-r,  qui  ot  epiacopiis  et  aiitotiiiivm  ilialMiH 
instinctu,  studia  in  religione  fifront,  et  dicoretur  in  pupulis  .  .  . 
coniinuni  prcsliyteronim  conciliu,  ecclesiip  gubernaliantur.  Hie- 
rom.,  torn.  vi.  19S.  Colonire,  1010.  Furufnll  discnssion  of  this  sub- 
ject, see  Catlicart's  "  Pjipal  System,"  p.  57.    Philadelphia. 


build  a  larger  house  of  worship,  which  they  en- 
tered on  New  Year's  morning,  1863.  The  little 
Indian  trading-post  had  now  become  a  commercial 
city.  The  church  continued  to  enjoy  the  divine 
presence  until  it  was  again  found  necessary  to  erect 
a  more  spacious  house,  which  was  built,  and  for 
the  first  time  occupied  May  30,  1875.  The  edifice 
cost  ?1 30,000,  and  it  is  now  free  from  debt,  with 
money  in  the  treasury  of  the  church.  This  church 
is  a  child  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  as  indeed  most  of  the  churches  in  Minne- 
sota are.  It  has  had  eight  good  pastors.  The  long- 
est pastorate  was  that  of  Rev.  J.  I).  Pope,  covering 
a  period  of  nine  years.  Some  of  the  membership 
have  fallen  asleep.  Prominent  among  these  we" 
mention  the  name  of  the  Hon.  Horace  Thompson,  a 
brother  of  great  wealth,  and  a  generous  giver  to 
the  cause  of  Christ.  Others  wdio  have  gone  to 
the  better  land  have  left  a  worthy  record.  Among 
the  living  we  mention  Deacon  A.  II.  Cavender,  a 
constituent  member,  and  D.  D.  Merill,  who  ^r  a 
]icriod  of  about  sixteen  years  has  held  tlie  position 
of  treasurer  of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion. Many  others  are  worthy,  and  would  receive 
honorable  mention  if  space  permitted.  Five  of 
the  Sunday-school  scholars  and  one  Sunday-school 
superintendent  are  now  preaching  the  gospel. 

The  First  Baptist  church,  Minneapolis,  was  or- 
ganized March  .'J,  1853,  with  ten  members.  It  was 
publicly  recognized  June  23,  1853.  For  one  year 
it  was  supplied  with  occasional  preaching  by  Rev. 
Edwin  yV.  Cressey  and  Rev.  T.  B.  Rogers,  both  of 
whom  were  mi-ssionaries  of  the  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  They  have  since  enjoyed  the  labors 
of  seven  worthy  pastors,  viz.:  Rev.  A.  A.  Russell, 
Rov.  Amory  Gale,  Rev.  J.  R.  Manton,  L.  B.  Allen, 
D.D.,  Rev.  W.  T.  Lowry,  Rev.  T.  W.  Powell,  Rev. 
H.  C.  Woods.  This  church  and  the  First  church 
of  St.  Paul  are  and  have  been  towers  of  strength 
to  the  cause  of  Christ  in  Minnesota. 

In  June,  1852,  Rev.  T.  R.  Cressey  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  of  St.  Paul,  and  incipient 
measures  were  taken  by  him  for  the  organization 
of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  Association.  A  call 
having  been  extended,  delegates  from  four  churches 
convened  in  St.  Paul,  Sept.  24,  1S,52.  The  churches 
represented  were  St.  Paul,  St.  Anthony,  Stillwater, 
and  Willow  River,  now  Hudson,  Wis.  The  com- 
bined membership  of  these  four  churches  was  82  ; 
60  of  this  number  were  residents  of  Minnesota. 
This  was  the  entire  number  of  Baptists  then  in 
Minnesota  so  far  as  known.  At  the  second  annual 
meeting  the  aggregate  momborship  of  the  churches 
was  ISO.  The  third  annual  meeting  showed  a  con- 
stituency in  the  churches  of  202.  The  fourth  a 
membership  of  331.  The  fifth  anniversary  was 
held  in  Minneapolis,  at  which  sixteen  churches 
were  represented,  having  in  all  349  members. 


MINNESOTA 


800 


MIRICK 


STATE  CONVENTION. 

The  following  statement  pertaining  to  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  State  Convention 
we  copy  from  the  minutes  of  the  Convention  of 
1861: 

"  As  early  as  the  summer  of  1858,  many  brethren 
thought  that  a  State  organization  was  demanded 
by  the  interests  of  the  denomination.  At  the  an- 
niversary of  the  Minnesota  Baptist  Association  of 
that  year  a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  the 
matter  into  consideration.  This  committee  recom- 
mended the  formation  of  a  State  Convention,  and  im- 
mediately after  the  adjournment  of  the  Association 
a  meeting  was  called  for  tliat  purpose,  when  a  pre- 
liminary organization  was  effected,  of  which  Hon. 
J.  11.  Keith  was  President,  Rev.  J.  D.  Pope,  Sec- 
retary, and  William  AVakefield,  Esq.,  Treasurer." 

But  little  was  done  that  year,  except  to  procure  a 
charter  and  prepare  the  way  for  future  operations. 

The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  at  AVinona, 
Aug.  29,  1859,  when  the  Convention  assumed  a 
permanent  form  by  the  adoption  of  the  charter  and 
constitution.  The  principal  officers  were  re-elected. 
The  board  agreed  to  raise  $200  towards  the  salary 
of  Rev.  A.  Gale,  exploring  missionary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  for  Minnesota. 

The  second  anniversary  of  the  Convention  was 
held  at  Minneapolis,  Sept.  7,  1860.  The  meeting 
was  lai'gely  attended,  and  manifested  a  commend- 
able interest  in  the  work  of  the  Convention.  J.  D. 
Ford,  M.D.,  was  elected  President,  Rev.  J.  D. 
Pope,  Secretary,  and  Wm.  Wakefield,  Esq.,  Treas- 
urer. The  members  of  the  Convention  pledged 
S200  for  colporteur  work,  with  the  understanding 
that  two  colporteurs  would  be  employed  through 
the  year.  The  servioes_of  Rev.  B.  Wharton  and 
Brother  G.  L.  Case  were  secured  in  connection 
with  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 

The  third  anniversary  of  the  State  Convention 
was  held  in  Owatonna  in  1S61,  and  reveals  a  grati- 
fying advance.  The  number  of  ministers  then  in 
the  State  was  68  ;  number  of  churches,  96;  num- 
ber of  Associations,  6  ;  with  a  total  membership 
of  2384.  At  the  close  of  the  first  decade  of  con- 
ventional work  (1S6S)  the  statistics  show  seven 
Associations,  with  a  membersliip  of  3940.  In  18G9 
the  board  report  that  ten  of  the  churches  in  the 
State  are  self-supporting.  The  whole  number  of 
Associations  reported  at  the  last  anniversary  ( 1879), 
counting  the  Scandinavian  Baptist  Conference  as 
one,  is  eight,  and  the  total  membership  in  the  State 
is  6854.  The  three  churches  reporting  the  largest 
membership  are  First  Minneapolis,  421  ;  First  St. 
Paul,  346  ;  First  Rochester,  245. 

EDUCATIONAL  HISTORY. 
Early  in  the  history  of  the  State  an  effort  was 
made  to  found  a  university.     A  charter  was  ob- 


tained and  a  primary  building  erected  in  the  city 
of  Hastings,  but  the  financial  embarrassments  which 
occurred  in  1857  and  1 858  were  so  severe  as  to  fatally 
cripple  the  enterprise.  For  a  number  of  years  no 
further  effort  was  made  to  found  a  literary  institu- 
tion, but  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Con- 
vention, in  the  autumn  of  1874,  a  "centennial 
committee"  was  appointed,  who  reported  favorably, 
and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Convention,  in 
1875,  three  committees  were  appointed  :  1.  On 
location  for  an  academy.  2.  On  finance.  3.  On 
charter.  The  committee  on  location  recommended 
the  city  of  Owatonna  as  an  eligible  place  for  Min- 
nesota Academy.  The  report  was  adopted.  The 
committee  on  finance  were  authorized  at  the  same 
meeting  to  erect  an  academic  building,  and  if 
their  judgment  approved,  to  commence  a  school. 
At  the  next  Conventional  meeting  (1877)  a  build- 
ing had  been  erected  at  an  expense  of  §4400,  five 
teachers  were  employed,  and  a  school  in  successful 
operation  having  101  students.  During  the  fol- 
lowing winter  the  committee  on  charter  obtained 
from  the  Legislature  a  revision  of  the  old  univer- 
sity charter,  under  which  the  Minnesota  Academy 
was  organized.  The  finance  committee  is  to  be 
perpetual,  having  entire  charge  of  the  pecuniary 
affairs  of  the  institution.  The  endowment  fund 
now  amounts  to  §5500.  The  academy  is  already 
doing  a  noble  service  for  sound  learning.  It  re- 
ceives much  encouragement  from  Congressman  M. 
H.  Bunnell,  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Owatonna,  who  is  deeply  interested  in  the  educa- 
tional affairs  of  the  State,  and  from  other  enlight- 
ened and  liberal  Baptists. 

In  1880  there  were  in  Minnesota  9  Associa- 
tions, 154  churches,  112  ordained  ministers,  and 
7056  church  members. 

Mirick,  Rev.  Stephen  H.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Jan.  9,  1819.  After  having  been  prepared 
for  college  in  the  Latin  grammar-scho(d  in  his  na- 
tive town,  he  entered  WMerville  College,  Me.,  and 
graduated  in  August,  1838,  receiving  in  course  the 
degree  of  A.M.  in  1841.  Removing  South,  he 
taught  school  in  St.  Helena  Parish,  La.,  during 
1839  ;  and  during  1840  was  engaged  in  the  prepar- 
atory department  of  the  University  of  Louisiana. 
In  the  fall  of  1840  he  entered  Newton  Theological 
Seminary,  and  finished  the  course  there  in  1843. 
After  leaving  the  seminai-y,  he  preached  for  the 
Central  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  for  six 
months,  and  was  ordained  in  November,  1843,  the 
sermon  being  delivered  by  the  Rev.  R.  E.  Pattison, 
D.D.,  and  the  charge  by  the  Rev.  Stephen  Chapin, 
D.D.  Removing  to  Charlottesville,  Va.,  he  sup- 
plied the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  for  some 
months,  after  which  he  opened  a  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  in  1845,  which  he  conducted  with 
much  success  during  eight  years.     He  then  removed 


MISSIONARY 


801 


MISSISSIPPI 


to  Washington,  D.  C,  where  lie  succeeded  the  Rev. 
R.  W.  Cushman,  D.D.,  as  principal  of  a  young 
ladles'  school.  After  fouryears'  lalior  in  this  field, 
he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  relinquish  teaching  and 
give  himself  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
Accordingly  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Camden,  N.  J.,  remaining  a  year,  and 
removed,  in  ISo'J,  to  Lewisburg,  I'a.,  where  he  took 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church,  continuing  pastor 
until  ISOO.  During  his  pastorate  in  Lewisburg,  he 
acted  as  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  university  at 
that  place,  while  the  president  was  absent  com- 
pleting the  endowment  fund.  Owing  to  a  bronchial 
disease  contracted  mainly  by  exposure  during  the 
war,  he  removed  to  Washington,  U.  C,  where  he 
entered  into  government  employ  in  February,  1807. 
Mr.  Mirick  has  frequently  contributed  to  our  re- 
ligious newspapers  and  periodicals ;  was  the  Wash- 
ington editor  of  the  True  Union,  Baltimore;  and 
has  contributed  to  the  llelifjious  HvniUl  Expositions 
of  the  Internatiimal  Sunday-Schiiol  Lessens  for  the 
past  seven  years.  The  same  Expositions  have  also 
been  furnished  for  the  Index  and  Baptist,  of  At- 
lanta, Ga.  During  his  residence  in  Washington, 
Mr.  Mirick  has  been  quite  active  in  promoting 
Sunday-school  interests  and  in  supplying  churches 
destitute  of  pastors.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the 
Metropolitan  Baptist  church,  a  body  gathered  and 
organized  under  his  lead,  and  in  a  part  of  the  city 
where  a  Baptist  church  is  greatly  needed. 

Missionary  Union,  American  Baptist.— The 
General  Missionary  Convention  of  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination in  the  United  .States  of  America  for 
Foreign  Missions,  sometimes  called  the  Triennial 
Convention,  was  established  in  Philadelphia,  May 
18,  1814,  and  it  continued  under  tliat  name  until 
1845. 

The  agitation  produced  by  the  slavery  question 
led  to  an  amicable  separation  of  the  .Southern  and 
Northern  Baptists  in  their  foreign  mission  efforts, 
after  which,  at  a  Convention  held  in  the  Baptist 
Tabernacle,  New  York,  on  the  third  Wednesday  of 
November,  1843,  the  present  Foreign  Missionai-y 
iSociety  of  the  Northern  Baptists  was  organized, 
and  it  wont  into  operation  in  May,  184t'),  under 
the  name  of  the  "  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union."  The  new  body  assumed  all  tlie  indebted- 
ness of  its  predecessor,  and  became  heir  to  all  its 
effects.  Our  Southern  brethren,  immediately  after 
retiring  from  the  General  Convention,  formed  the 
Southern  Bajitist  Convention,  an  honored  society, 
a  record  of  wliose  toils  and  triumphs  is  to  be  found 
in  anuthor  part  of  this  work.  The  .Missionary 
Union  has  had  its  representatives  preaching  Jesus 
in  several  quarters  of  the  world,  .an<l  rich  blessings 
have  descended  upon  its  self-sacrificing  men  and 
saintly  women  as  they  have  carried  the  tidings  of 
salvation   to  the  perishing.     The  missions  to  the 


Karens  and  Teloogoos  are  the  most  prosperous 
fields  of  labor  at  this  moment  in  the  heathen 
world ;  the  seal  of  heaven  rests  upon  them  in  a 
more  signal  manner  than  upon  any  other  organized 
efforts  upon  earth  to  bring  pagans  to  Jesus.  Mar- 
velous success  has  attended  the  labors  of  our  mis- 
sionaries in  Germany  and  Sweden. 

The  Missionary  Union  in  1880  had  in  Burmah 
88  missionaries,  448  native  preachers,  433  churches, 
and  21,594  members. 

In  Assam  there  were  17  missionaries,  49  native 
preachers,  13  churches,  and  1331  members. 

Among  the  Teloogoos  there  were  21  missionaries, 
77  native  preachers,  11  churches,  and  15,060  mem- 
bers. 

Among  the  Chinese  there  were  24  missionaries, 
37  native  preachers,  16  churches,  and  1426  mem- 
bers. 

In  Japan  we  had  12  missionaries,  5  native  preach- 
ers, 2  churches,  and  76  members. 

In  all  our  Asiatic  missions  there  were  162  mis- 
sionaries, 010  native  preachers,  475  churches,  and 
40,087  members. 

In  Sweden  we  had  150  native  ministers,  298 
churches,  and  18,851  members. 

In  Germany  there  were  270  native  ministers,  121 
churches,  and  25,497  members. 

In  France  there  were  12  native  ministers,  9 
churches,  and  720  members. 

In  Spain  there  were  3  native  ministers,  4  churches, 
and  140  members. 

In  Greece  there  was  1  native  minister  and  I 
church,  with  7  members. 

In  our  various  foreign  missions  we  had  102 
American  missionaries,  1052  native  preachers  and 
pastors,  908  churches,  and  85,308  members.  In 
1880  there  were  8419  converts  baptized  in  our  dif- 
ferent mission  stations.  The  income  of  the  Mis- 
.sionary  Union  in  that  year  was  .S290,851.63. 

See  separate  articles  on  the  missions  just  named, 
and  on  Africa,  Ass.\m  ;  and  for  foreign  missicms 
conducted  by  our  brethren  of  the  South,  see  article 
on  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  the  Tri- 
ennial Convention. 

Mississippi,  The  Baptists  of.— In  1780  a  com- 
pany of  Baptists  from  South  Carolina  and  Georgia 
settled  on  Cole's  Creek,  about  twenty  miles  south- 
east of  Natchez,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  same 
year  organized  a  church,  which  they  called  Salem. 
These  consisted  of  Richard  Curtis,  Sr.,  and  his  wife, 
Phebe  Curtis,  his  stepson,  John  Jones,  and  his  wife, 
and  his  three  sons.  William,  Benjamin,  and  Richard 
Curtis,  Jr.,  with  their  wives,  together  with  John 
Courtney,  who  married  Hannah  Curtis,  and  John 
Stampley,  who  married  Phebe  Curtis,  Daniel  Ogdcn 
and  wife,  and  a  man  named  Perkins  and  his  wife; 
Jacob  Stampley,  the  brother  of  John,  and  .James 
I  Cole,  who  married  Jemima  Curtis,  probably  accom- 


MLs^issirri 


802 


Missisawpi 


panied  them.  Most  of  these  were  church  members. 
Ricliard  Curtis,  Jr.,  was  a  licensed  preacher,  and 
Jolin  and  Jacob  Stampley  Ijotli  became  ministers 
afterwards.  Upon  tlie  organization  of  the  ohurcli 
Richard  Curtis,  Jr.,  was  chosen  pastor,  llis  hvbors 
were  greatly  blessed,  and  in  a  short  time  sinners 
were  converted  and  desired  baptism.  As  Mr.  Cur- 
tis was  only  a  licentiate  some  perplexity  arose  about 
the  propriety  of  his  administering  the  ordinance. 
Hut  it  was  very  properly  decided  tliat  Curtis,  under 
the  authority  of  the  church,  might  lawfully  baptize 
them.  Among  the  converts  baptized  was  a  Spanish 
Catholic  named  Stephen  de  Alvo,  who  publicly  re- 
nounced Catholicism.  This  greatly  incensed  the 
Catholics,  but  as  yet  they  had  no  power  to  punish 
the  offense.  At  this  time  the  country  was  nomi- 
nally under  the  government  of  Great  Britain,  but  at 
the  peace  of  1783  the  territory  passed  for  a  time 
into  the  hands  of  the  Spanish. 

People  continued  to  come  into  the  country,  and 
among  them  some  Baptists.  William  Chaney,  a 
Baptist  deacon,  and  his  son,  Bailey  E.  Chaney,  a 
licensed  preacher,  came  from  South  Carolina. 
There  came  also  one  Ilarigail  from  Georgia,  and  also 
Barton  Ilannon  and  William  Owen,  all  of  whom 
were,  or  became.  Baptist  preachers.  Ilarigail 
proved  to  be  a  man  of  more  zeal  than  discretion, 
and  proceeded  to  denounce  the  Catholics  in  un- 
measured terms.  This,  together  with  the  conver- 
sion and  active  labors  of  De  Alvo,  who  had  be- 
come a  deacon,  incensed  them,  and  they  determined 
to  make  an  example  of  some  of  the  leaders.  Wil- 
liam Ilamborlin,  Richard  Curtis,  .Jr.,  and  Stephen 
de  Alvo  were  selected  as  the  chief  offenders.  This 
was  about  1793  or  1794.  A  letter  was  written  by 
Gayoao,  the  Spanish  commandant,  to  Curtis,  expos- 
tulating with  him  upon  his  course.  To  this  Curtis 
replied  bluntly,  and  an  order  for  his  arrest  was  is- 
sued, and  he  was  brought  before  Gayoso,  April  6, 
1795.  After  threatening  to  send  Curtis,  Ilamber- 
lin,  and  De  Alvo  to  work  in  the  mines  of  Mexico, 
they  were  discharged,  with  an  injunction  not  to 
offend  again.  An  edict  was  also  issued  that  "  if 
nine  persons  were  found  worshiping  together, 
except  according  to  the  forms  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  they  should  suffer  impiMsonuient."  But 
the  church  continued  to  meet  privately  for  woi'- 
ship,  and  Mr.  Curtis  officiated  publicly  in  a  mar- 
riage ceremony  in  1795.  This  was  considered  a 
violation  of  the  law,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to 
arrest  him,  but  he  made  good  his  escape,  in  com- 
pany with  Ilamborlin  and  De  Alvo,  and  they  made 
their  way  on  horseback  across  the  country  to  South 
Carolina,  where  they  arrived  in  the  fall  of  1795. 
A  number  of  others  were  also  persecuted.  At  the 
end  of  two  years  and  a  half  Curtis  returned,  having 
been  ordained  during  his  stay  in  South  Carolina. 
Tlic  country  having  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 


United  States,  the  Baptists  henceforward  had  rest, 
and  prospered  greatly.  In  179S  an  arm  of  Salem 
church  was  extended  into  Williamson  County,  and 
"  the  Baptist  church  on  Buffaloe"  was  constituted. 
Another  church  was  formed  in  the  same  county 
in  1800,  called  Good  Hope,  and  two  in  Amite 
County,  Providence,  in  1805,  and  Ebenezer  in  1806. 
These  churches,  in  1806,  united,  and  formed  the 
Mississippi  Baptist  Association.  Thomas  Mercer 
came  into  this  i-egion  in  1800,  and  David  Cooper, 
a  learned  and  pious  man,  in  1802.  They  were  soon 
joined  by  a  number  of  young  ministers,  wlio  after- 
wards distinguished  themselves  in  this  part  of  the 
State,  and  througli  whose  instrumentality  Baptist 
sentiments  were  propagated  in  Mississippi  and 
Louisiana.  The  Association  became  an  active 
body,  and  its  missionaries  penetrated  to  the  re- 
motest settlements. 

In  1820  the  churches  contiguous  to  Pearl  River 
were  dismissed  to  form  the  Pearl  River  Association. 
In  the  decade  froin  1830  to  1840  the  churches  were 
torn  by  internal  dissensions,  on  account  of  Masonry, 
missions,  and  Campbcllism.  In  the  conflict  old 
Salem  suffered  her  light  to  be  extinguished.  From 
that  time  forward  population  rapidly  increased,  and 
many  able  and  zealous  ministers  entered  the  field, 
and  Baptist  sentiments  took  a  deep  hold  upon  the 
people. 

In  1880  there  were  in  Mississippi  59  Baptist  As- 
sociations, 1537  churches,  831  ordained  ministers, 
and  122,369  members. 

Mississippi  Baptist,  a  religious  paper,  estab- 
lished liy  the  ^lississippi  Baptist  Convention  about 
1857.  Previous  to  this  it  had  been  struggling  for 
existence  as  a  private  enterprise.  Under  the  pa- 
tronage of  the  Convention  a  new  life  was  infused 
into  the  paper.  Rev.  J.  T.  Freeman,  an  able  writer 
and  an  editor  of  experience,  was  secured  to  take 
charge  of  it.  It  was  removed  to  Jackson,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  State,  and  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  Freeman  it  was  winning  a  fine  success,  when 
it  was  suspended  by  tlie  events  of  the  war. 

Mississippi  Baptist  Convention. — This  body 
was  organized  in  lH'i'.l.  Its  object  has  been  to  fos- 
ter a  missionary  and  educational  spirit.  As  the 
fruit,  a  number  of  missionaries  are  laboring  in  for- 
eign fields,  and  one  of  the  best  colleges  in  the  South 
has  been  built  up. 

The  officers  elected  in  1880  were  Col.  W.  H. 
Hardy,  of  Meridian,  President ;  A.  J.  Miller,  Port 
Gibson,  Recording  Secretary  ;  J.  T.  Buck.  Jackson, 
Corresponding  Secretary  ;  W.  T.  Ratcliff,  Treasurer. 
The  Convention,  through  its  Board  of  Ministerial 
Education,  contributed  S800  to  aid  thirty  minis- 
terial students,  and  contributed  $6000  to  support 
twenty  missionaries,  three  district  evangelists,  and 
one  State  evangelist.  Eastern  Louisiana  and  New 
Orleans  are  embraced  in  their  field. 


MlSillSSIPJ'I 


»U3 


MlSauUlil 


Mississippi  Baptist  Record  is  published  under 

the  patronage  of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  Conven- 
tion. It  was  started  in  1S70  to  promote  tlie  work 
of  the  State  Convention,  and  J.  B.  Gambrell,  for- 
merly pastor  at  Oxford,  was  selected  as  editor.  It 
was  at  first  issued  at  Clinton,  but  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Jackson.  Its  circulation  is  full  of  en- 
courageniont. 

Mississippi  College,  located  at  Clinton,  Hinds 
Co.,  Miss.,  was  chartered  as  Hempstead  Academy 
in  1826.  In  1827  the  name  was  changed  to  Mis- 
sissippi Academy,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature 
authorizing  the  board  of  trustees  to  raise  by  lottery 
$25,000.  The  rents  of  thirty-six  sections  of  the 
school  land,  donated  by  the  United  States  to  the 
State,  were  given  to  the  academy  for  four  years. 
In  1830  the  name  was  changed  to  Mississippi  Col- 
lege, and  in  1842  it  was  transferred  to  the  Presby- 
terians, and  remained  under  their  control  until 
1S50,  when  it  was  again  surrendered  to  the  people. 
Tlie  Bajitist  State  Convention  met  tliat  year  in  the 
city  fif  Jackson,  when  the  college  was  offered  to  the 
Baptists,  and  accepted  by  them.  An  agent  was 
placed  in  the  field,  and  by  1860  a  cash  endowment 
of  ?100,000  was  raised,  with  $30,000  more  pledged, 
and  buildings  costing  $20,000  erected.  Unfortu- 
nately the  whole  endowment  was  lost  by  the  war, 
and  the  college  suspended.  In  LSGT,  Dr.  AValtcr 
llilliiian  found  it  disorganized,  with  a  mortgage 
of  $10,000  resting  upon  it,  and  only  eleven  students 
in  attendance.  At  the  end  of  his  administration,  in 
1873,  the  deljts  had  all  been  paid,  the  building  thor- 
oughly repaired,  $40,000  towards  an  endowment 
raised,  a  faculty  of  eight  professors  engaged,  and 
190  students  in  attendance.  lie  was  succeeded  by 
W.  S.  Webb,  D.D.,  under  whom  the  institution  has 
continued  to  prosper  until  the  present  time.  From 
20  to  30  young  ministers  have  been  educated  an- 
nually for  some  time,  many  of  whom  are  now  till- 
ing the  most  prominent  pulpits  in  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Arkansas;  191  students  were  in 
attendance  during  the  term  ending  in  June,  1880. 
Mississippi  General  Association. — This  body 

operates  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State  of  Missis- 
sippi, and  was  organized  some  years  ago  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  State  Convention.  But  it  is  believed 
that  a  better  state  of  feeling  is  beginning  to  prevail, 
and  the  two  bodies  now  seem  to  be  co-operating. 
The  jealousies  out  of  which  the  division  grew  are 
passing  away,  and  the  day  of  entire  unification  is 
not  far  distant.  The  work  of  the  Association  is 
missionary.  A  long  neglected  tribe  of  Indians  in 
their  bounds  is  receiving  special  attention,  and  a 
converted  Indian  is  employed  to  preach  to  them. 
We  have  not  received  the  data  to  be  able  to  state 
particulars  of  their  work. 

Missouri  Baptist  General  Association.— In 
the  year  1833  an   iiilnnnal  and  small  meeting  of 


Baptists  was  held  in  the  town  of  Columbia,  Mo.,  to 
devise  ways  and  means  for  further  promoting  Chris- 
tianity in  that  State.  The  anti-mission  spirit  then 
ruled  the  Baptist  churches  of  that  region,  and  the 
few  who  possessed  the  progressive  spirit  of  the 
gospel  labored  under  great  disadvantages  in  all 
efforts  and  plans  for  the  spread  of  divine  truth. 
They  were  met  at  every  step  by  the  violent  and 
almost  virulent  opposition  of  anti-mission  brethren. 
The  meeting  at  Columbia  was  com|)Osed  of  Ebe- 
nezer  Rogers,  Thos.  Fristoe,  Roland  Hughes,  Jo- 
seph Hughes,  Tilman  Bell,  and  Wm.  Mansfield. 
These  men  of  God  resolved  to  secure  the  services 
of  some  good  minister  of  the  gospel  to  do  mission- 
ary work  in  the  central  counties  of  the  State. 
They  contributed  of  their  own  limited  resources 
the  sum  of  $600  fur  the  remuneration  of  the  men 
who  might  be  secured  for  the  work.  Rev.  Wm. 
Mansfield  was  selected  to  correspond  with  suitable 
persons  until  a  missionary  should  be  obtained.  He 
wrote  to  Anderson  Woods  and  Wm.  Duncan,  both 
of  whom  responded  favorably  to  the  call.  The 
duty  of  making  arrangements  for  the  proposed 
mission  work  was  intrusted  to  Mr.  Mansfield.  He 
attended  a  meeting  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Associ- 
ation for  the  purpose  and  in  the  hope  of  securing 
some  co-operation.  At  that  meeting  he  was  in- 
formed by  anti-mission  Baptists  that  if  he  went  on 
the  "  stand"  he  should  be  forcibly  ejected  from  it. 
At  a  convenient  time  in  the  progress  of  the  meeting 
he  took  a  position  near  the  stand  and  read  aloud  a 
list  of  appointments  for  Woods  and  Duncan,  and 
then  quietly  gave  a  statement  of  the  reasons  why 
he  was  not  on  the  stand.  Mr.  ^Mansfield  was  a 
good  man,  a  plain,  earnest,  and  effective  preacher, 
who  supported  a  large  family  by  successful  farming. 
Woods  and  Duncan  were  preachers  of  no  mean 
ability,  and  while  the  work  they  did  under  Mans- 
field's arrangements  was  much  opposed,  it  wa.s 
greatly  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  souls  and  in 
awakening  the  spirit  of  missions. 

As  a  result  of  this  effort  a  meeting  was  held  at 
Providence  church,  in  Calloway  County,  in  1834, 
to  effect  a  permanent  organization  for  doing  mis- 
sion work.  The  anti-mission  spirit  was  still  rife. 
In  this  year  the  churches  and  -Vssociations  were 
much  troubled  with  contentions  and  divisions.  At 
the  Providence  meeting,  Thos.  Fristoe,  Ebenezer 
Rogers,  Wm.  Suggett,  Noah  Flood,  and  others  were 
present.  The  meeting  adopted  preliminary  meas- 
ures for  the  permanent  organization  of  the  Baptist 
Central  Society.  This  organization  was  completed 
the  subsequent  year.  Out  of  the  Central  Society 
grew  the  pi-esent  Missouri  Baptist  General  Associ- 
ation, which  held  its  forty-third  annual  session  in 
October,  1879. 

The  objects  of  the  General  Association  are  to 
promote  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  and  the  spread 


MISSOURI 


804 


MISSOURI 


of  divine  truth  in  the  State.  For  tlie  attainment 
of  these  objects  the  constitution  provides  mission 
work,  Christian  education,  and  the  circulation  of 
religious  literature. 

A  mission  board  of  seventeen  members  and  a 
corresponding  secretary  have  the  management  of 
the  missionary  department.  The  board  endeavors 
to  develop  and  enlarge  the  spirit  of  progress  and 
beneficence,  procure  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  to 
the  destitute,  and  help  weak  churches  to  become 
self-sustaining.  This  work  has  contributed  largely 
to  making  the  Baptist  denomination  the  largest  and 
most  influential  in  the  State.  From  '?.3(J0()  toSSOOO 
are  annually  expended  by  the  board  in  State  mis- 
sion work.  The  local  Associations  expend  about 
the  same  sum  in  their  missionary  efforts. 

William  Jewell  College — a  history  of  which  is 
given  in  another  part  of  this  work — is  an  outgrowth 
of  the  progressive  spiritof  the  General  Association, 
and  is  provided  for  by  its  constitution.  Stephens 
College,  for  the  education  of  young  ladies,  is  like- 
■wise  organically  recognized.  At  each  session  of 
the  Association  a  report  is  heard  from  a  standing 
committee  on  schools  and  colleges,  in  which  the 
condition  of  Baptist  institutions  of  education  within 
the  State  is  made  known.  Of  such  institutions 
there  are  nine  in  number,  each  doing  a  good  work. 

The  Association  at  each  session  hears  a  report 
on  denominational  publications,  and  seeks  to  en- 
courage religious  literature  as  a  means  of  spreading 
divine  truth.  The  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  receives  encouragement,  and  Baptist  jour- 
nals in  the  State  in  harmony  with  the  purposes  and 
plans  of  the  Association,  receive  a  hearty  moral 
support.  At  this  writing  (1880)  The  Central  Bap- 
tist, an  able  weekly  journal,  conducted  by  Rev. 
"VVm.  Ferguson,  and  Ford's  Christiitn  Repository, 
edited  by  Rev.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  S.  H.  Ford,  an  excel- 
lent magazine  of  long  standing,  both  published  in 
the  city  of  St.  Louis,  are  indorsed  and  commended. 

All  along  the  history  of  this  organization  down 
to  the  present  time  its  records  are  adorned  by  the 
names  of  the  Ijest  men  of  the  denomination  in  and 
out  of  the  ministry.  Of  ministers  who  have  gone 
to  their  reward  are  such  names  as  Wm.  Suggett, 
Wm.  Thompson,  D.D.,  Thos.  Fristoe,  I.  T.  Hinton, 
James  E.  Welch,  S.  W.  Lynd,  D.D.,  Noah  Flood, 
J.  B.  Jeter,  D.D.,  X.  X.  Buckner,  Wm.  Crowell, 
D.D.,  Y.  R.  Pittz,  Jerry  Vardeman,  and  A.  P.  Wil- 
liams. D.I).  Of  deceased  laymen  there  are  such 
men  as  Judge  R.  E.  McDaniel,  lions.  Wade  Jack- 
son, David  Hickman,  Wm.  Carson,  Marshal  Broth- 
«rton,  Jos.  Flood,  and  Wm.  Jewell,  M.D.,  D.  L. 
Shouse,  Wm.  McPherson,  and  others,  the  presence 
of  any  of  whom  would  have  adorned  the  most  hon- 
orable assembly  on  earth. 

The  chief  living  Baptists  of  the  State,  ministers 
and  laymen,  and  honorable  women  not  a  few,  are 


now  the  active  friends  and  hearty  .supporters  of  the 
General  Association,  which  is,  no  doubt,  the  organ- 
ization through  which  the  power  and  usefulness  of 
an  influential  denomination  in  a  great  State  are  to 
reach  their  highest  and  broadest  development. 

Missouri,  Baptist  Sunday -Schools  in.— The 
Missouri  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention  was 
organized  in  August,  1868.  Rev.  S.  W.  Marston. 
D.D.,  served  as  the  secretary  during  the  first  five 
years. 

The  following  table  will  show  how  he  found 
Sunday-school  work  in  Missouri,  and  how  it  has 
increased  for  eleven  years  : 


H 

Tear.  |i 

si 
2;< 

ll 

Number     of 
Preacliers. 

Number     of 

Cburcb 

Members. 

! 

e 

Number     of 
BIble-Scboola 
Reported. 

ill" 
ZOt> 

■s 

ii 

ii 

1160 
1210 
1212 
1264 
1274 

i'sS 

52,996 

506'      57io89 

846       67,501 

71  717 

74 

430 

764 

] g69     j   . 

1S70..    60 
1871...'  67 
1872 

4,091 

10,414 

4  0]g 

34M 

6873 

6247 
6250 

3076 
6300 

25,781 
44,671 

1873... 
1874... 
1875 

60 

66 
66 

920      74,274 
706       76,072 
750       78,144 

80(j       79,'54'6 

823;      88,491 

2,557 
1,798 

806 
816 

460 
820 

48,261 
49,260 



1877 

1879... 
1880... 



41,173 
60,000 

1      

There  were  about  5937  church  members  working 
in  the  schools  during  1879,  and  460.5  conversions 
among  the  scholars.  The  libraries  comprise  26,000 
volumes.  The  churches  expended  on  their  own 
schools,  in  1879,  ?9997  :  for  organs  and  other  ob- 
jects, S7687  ;  for  State  Bible-school  work,  S1023.96. 

In  1873  about  two-thirds  of  all  the  district  Asso- 
ciations had  within  them  organized  Sunday-school 
Conventions. 

The  Rev.  M.  L.  Laws  is  the  able  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  society  at  this  time,  upon  whose 
noble  work  so  rich  a  blessing  has  descended. 

Missouri  Baptists,  Sketch  of.— The  first 
Christians  of  any  denomination,  save  Catholic, 
that  ever  set  foot  upon  the  soil  of  Upper  Louisiana, 
now  the  State  of  Missouri,  were  Baptists.  .So  far  as 
we  have  been  able  to  learn,  Thomas  Bull,  his  wife, 
and  her  mother,  Mrs.  Lee,  were  the  first  to  come. 
They  settled  in  Cape  Girardeau  County  in  1796. 
The  following  year  they  were  joined  by  Enos  Ran- 
dall and  wife,  and  Mrs.  Abernathy.  At  that  time 
Missouri  was  under  the  dominion  of  Spain,  and  the 
Roman  Catholic  was  the  established  church.  In 
1799,  Rev.  Thomas  Johnson,  of  Georgia,  visited 
these  pioneers,  preached  the  gospel  to  them  and 
their  neighbors,  and  baptized  one  woman.  This 
was  the  first  administration  of  baptism  west  of  the 
great  river,  and  Elder  .Johnson  was  the  first  Baptist 
minister  of  the  regular  order  who  ever  visited  the 
Territory. 


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Rev.  David  Green  removed  from  Kentucky  and 
settled  in  Cape  Girardeau  County  in  1805,  and 
commenced  at  once  to  jratlier  together  the  Baptists. 
He  organized,  in  ISOo,  the  Tywappity  Baptist 
cliurch,  in  Scott  County,  of  eight  or  ten  members. 
For  want  of  succor  it  soon  became  defunct,  but  was 
reorganized  in  1809.  The  Bethel  church  was  the 
first  permanent  church  organization  in  the  State. 
It  was  formed  with  fifteen  members,  July  19,  1806, 
near  the  town  of  Jackson,  Cape  Girardeau  Co. 
Elder  Green  was  the  first  pastor  of  these  churches. 
For  some  years  the  Bethel  church  wa.s  an  aggres- 
sive missionary  body,  and  greatly  prospered.  It 
afterwards  opposed  missions,  and  as  a  consequence 
withered,  and  finally  died.  From  it  sprang,  directly 
or  indirectly,  all  the  churches  that  formed  the  first 
Association.  Five  other  churches  originated  prior 
to  the  date  next  to  be  mentioned,  and  together  with 
the  two  first  named,  met  at  the  Bethel  meeting- 
house, near  Jackson,  on  the  last  Saturday  in  Sep- 
tember, 181G,  and  organized  the  Bethel  Associa- 
tion, the  first  in  the  Territory.  The  constituent 
churches  were  Bethel,  Tywappity,  Providence. 
Barren,  St.  Fran<jois,  Bellview,  and  Dry  Creek. 
The  ministers  present  were  Henry  Cockerham. 
John  Farrar,  Wm.  Street,  and  James  P.  Edwards. 
Bethel  Association  adopted  the  appellation  of 
"  United  Baptists.'' 

In  1796  and  1797  a  number  of  Baptist  families 
removed  from  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and 
Kentucky,  mostof  whom  settled  in  the  present  limits 
of  St.  Louis  County.  Among  them  we  notice  the 
names  of  Abraham  and  Sarah  Musick,  Jane  Sullens, 
Sarah  Williams,  and  R.  Richardson  and  wife.  They 
came  in  the  face  of  Catholic  restriction.  The  law 
said,  ■'  Liberty  of  conscience  is  not  to  be  allowed 
beyond  the  first  generation  ;  the  children  of  emi- 
grants must  be  Catholics."  And  further,  "  No 
preacher  of  any  religion  but  the  Catholic  must 
come  into  the  province."  John  Clark,  a  Baptist 
in  sentiment,  though  not  a  member,  and  Thomas 
R.  Musick  visited  and  preached  in  Missouri  in  these 
times  of  proscription.  Clark's  first  trip  was  made 
in  1798  ;  Musick's  not  long  after.  Clark  was,  we 
presume,  the  first  Protestant  minister  that  ever 
preached  the  gospel  west  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
Musick  settled  in  the  St.  Louis  district  in  1803 
or  1804, — the  first  minister  other  than  Catholic 
to  locate  in  the  Territory.  He  organized  the  Fee 
Fee  church,  the  first  in  St.  Louis  County,  in  1807, 
of  eighteen  members,  and  became  its  pastor.  This 
is  now  the  oldest  church  in  the  State.  Cold  Water, 
the  next  church  in  the  county,  was  organized  by 
Musick  in  1S09. 

In  November,  1817,  at  the  house  of  Thomas  R. 
Musick,  the  Missouri  (now  St.  Louis)  Association 
was  formed  with  the  following  as  constituent 
churches,  viz.:    Fee  Fee,  Cold  Water,  Boeuf,  and 


Negro  Fork,  in  St.  Louis  County ;  and  Femme 
O.sage,  St.  Charles  County,  and  Upper  Cuiver  in 
Lincoln  County ;  the  aggregate  membership  of 
which  was  142. 

In  the  autumn  of  1817,  Revs.  John  M.  Peck  and 
•James  E.  Welch,  missionaries  of  the  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Convention,  arrived  in  St.  Louis,  then  a  little 
French  village  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River.  St.  Louis  is  now  the  fourth  city  in  the 
Union,  extending  some  fifteen  miles  up  and  down 
the  river,  with  a  breadth  of  four  to  three  miles. 
Messrs.  Peck  and  Welch  organized  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  St.  Louis,  Feb.  8,  1818,  with  a  mem- 
bership of  eleven  persons. 

Mingled  with  the  tide  of  emigration  westward 
we  find  Baptists.  Nineteen  persons  formed  a  Bap- 
tist church  near  Loutre  Island,  in  Montgomery 
County,  in  1810.  Joseph  Baker  was  their  pastor. 
The  war  of  1812-15  soon  afterwards  broke  out, 
and  most  of  the  membership  took  refuge  in  the 
forts  of  Howard  County.  Mount  Pleasant  church 
was  the  first  in  the  upper  county.  It  was  organ- 
ized by  Revs.  Wm.  Thorp  and  David  McLain,  near 
old  Franklin.  Howard  Co.  Few  meetings  for  busi- 
ness were  held  during  the  war.  Thorp  and  Mc- 
Lain preached  to  the  people  in  the  forts.  When 
the  war  was  over  the  people  began  again  to  hold 
meetings.  The  Mount  Pleasant  Association  was 
formed  July  25,  1818,  at  the  old  Mount  Pleasant 
meeting-house.  The  constituent  churches  were 
Mount  Pleasant,  Concord,  Cooper  Co..  organized 
May,  1817  ;  Bethel,  Boone  Co.,  formed  June,  1817  ; 
and  Mount  Zion  and  Salem  ;  their  aggregate  mem- 
bership was  161.  Ministers  present.  David  McLain, 
Wm.  Thorp.  Luke  Williams.  Edward  Turner,  and 
Colden  Williams.  In  less  than  five  years  this  as- 
sociational  community  had  extended  its  limits  as- 
far  west  as  Clay  and  Lafayette  Counties,  and  an 
average  of  twenty-five  miles  on  either  side  of  the 
Missouri  River.  At  its  meeting  in  1823  it  divided 
its  territory,  and  formed  the  Fishing  River  Associa- 
tion, in  Clay  County,  and  Concord  Association,  in 
Cooper  County,  in  the  autumn  of  that  year.  Seven 
churches  and  six  ministers  were  set  off  to  organize 
the  former,  and  seven  churches  to  the  latter.  This 
left  Mount  Pleasant  with  seventeen  churches.  In 
1827  the  Mount  Pleasant  Association  again  divided 
for  convenience,  and  the  formation  of  the  Salem 
Association  the  same  year  was  the  result.  The 
new  Association  took  thirteen  churches,  with  513 
members,  leaving  the  old  Association  with  sixteen 
churches  and  734  members. 

The  Cuivre  Association  was  formed  in  1822,  of 
churches  in  St.  Charles,  Lincoln,  and  Warren 
Counties,  eight  in  number,  most  or  all  of  which 
bad  been  dismissed  from  the  Missouri  Association 
for  the  purpose. 

The  gospel  was  early  preached  in  Pike  County 


.vissomn 


IS06 


MISSOURI 


by  Leroy  Jackson,  J.  M.  Peck,  and  Davis  Bi<;gs. 
Churches  were  oiganized  as  follows  ;  Ramsey's 
Creek,  prior  to  1818  ;  Peno,  Dec.  ■-'),  1819;  Stout's 
Settlement  (now  New  Hope)  Lincoln  Co.,  in  1821. 
On  the  23d  of  August,  1823,  the  three  churches 
last  named,  togetlier  with  Bethlehoiu,  New  London, 
and  Beer  Creek,  met  on  Big  Peno  and  organized 
the  Salt  River  Baptist  Association.  In  1834  this 
body  sent  out  a  colony  of  fourteen  churches,  and 
formed  the  Bethel  Association,  at  Bethel  meeting- 
house, M.irion  Co.,  the  aggregate  membership  of 
■which  was  589.  By  churches  gathered  mainly  by 
Elders  Lewis  and  James  Williams,  situated  mostly 
in  Franklin,  Washington,  and  Jeflferson  Counties, 
the  Franklin  Association  was  organized  in  1832,  at 
the  house  of  J.  C.  Duckworth. 

The  Cape  Girardeau  Association,  a  daughter  of 
the  Bethel,  was  organized  in  1824,  at  Hebron 
church. 

We  now  pass  to  Western  Missouri.  In  1834  the 
Fishing  River  Association  embraced  all  the  churches 
■west  of  a  line  indicated  by  Grand  River.  This  year 
it  was  divided,  the  Missouri  River  being  made  the 
line,  and  the  ten  churches  south  of  the  river  met 
in  the  following  October  at  Little  Snibar  and  or- 
ganized the  Blue  River  Association.  Their  total 
membership  was  384. 

The  twelve  Associations  now  named  embraced, 
in  1834,  nearly  200  churches,  with  a  membership 
of  some  7000,  scattered  over  a  v.ast  extent  of 
country  from  St.  Genevieve  County  on  the  south 
to  Lewis  County  on  the  north,  from  two  to  three 
counties  deep  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  :  and 
on  eitlier  side  of  the  Missouri  River  one  tu  three 
counties  deep,  from  the  eastern  to  the  western 
boundary  of  the  State. 

The  General  Association  for  missionary  purposes 
was  organized  in  1835.  This  was  made  the  occasion 
of  a  fierce  and  strong  war  upon  boards  and  benev- 
olent institutions  by  the  anti-missionary  party. 

In  the  contest  on  missions  in  Missouri  the  anti- 
missionaries  refused  absolutely  to  fellowship  under 
any  circumstances  those  who  favored  the  mission- 
ary enterprise.  At  the  time  of  the  division  the 
regulars  numbered  over  5000,  and  the  anti-mis- 
sionaries upwards  of  3000.  The  present  strength 
of  the  former  in  the  State  is  90,000,  and  of  the 
latter  about  6000.  (See  article  on  Missouri  Bap- 
tist General  Association.) 

The  Missouri  Baptists  are  warm  friends  of  edu- 
cation. 

INSTITUTIONS  OF  LEARNING. 
William  Jewell  College,  with  its  school  of  theol- 
ogy, is  located  at  Liberty.  Founded  by  the  General 
Association  ;  chartered  February,  1849,  and  opened 
about  one  year  after.  This  is  the  State  denomina- 
tional school  for  young  men. 

Stephens  College,  for  females,  is  at  Columbia.    It 


was  established  in  1856  as  a  "  Baptist  Female  Col- 
lege;"  chartered  in  1857;  adopted  by  the  General 
Association  in  1870.     R.  P.  Rider,  President. 

Mount  Pleasant  College,  a  mixed  school,  is  located 
at  Huntsville.     A.  S.  Worrall,  D.D.,  President. 

La  Grange  College,  at  La  Grange,  is  for  male  and 
female  students.    J.  F.  Cook,  LL.D.,  President. 

Lexington  Baptist  Female  College  is  located  at 
Lexington.     President,  Jno.  F.  Lanneau. 

St.  Joseph  Female  College,  at  St.  Joseph.  E.  S. 
Dulin,  President. 

Hardin  College,  located  at  Mexico ;  female.  Mrs. 
P.  A.  Baird,  President. 

Grand  River  College,  at  Edinburg.  The  presi- 
dent is  T.  H.  Storts. 

Suxith-West  Baptist  College,  located  at  Bolivar. 
J.  R.  Maupin,  President. 

These  are  the  Baptist  institutions  of  learning  of 
this  State,  the  most  or  all  of  which  are  doing  a 
noble  work. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The  first  Baptist  newspaper  published  in  Mis- 
souri was  issued  in  1842  under  the  auspices  of  the 
General  Association,  called  the  Missouri  Baptist. 
I.  T.  Ilinton  and  R.  S.  Thomas  were  editors.  It 
was  abandoned  in  1844,  and  in  1848  it  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  Western  Watch/nan.  Another  Mis- 
souri Baptist  was  established  by  the  Missouri  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  in  1860,  edited  by  S.  II. 
Ford.  Both  the  last-named  papers  were  suspended 
early  in  the  war.  In  1865,  John  Ilill  Luther  com- 
menced the  publication,  at  Palmyra,  of  the  Mis- 
souri Baptist  Journal,  which  was  recognized  as  the 
"  State  paper"  by  the  General  Association  in  1866. 
This  is  now  the  Central  Baptist,  published  at  St. 
Louis,  by  Wm.  Ferguson.  In  1875,  Dr.  D.  B.  Ray 
established  the  Baptist  Battle-Flag,  now  the  Bap- 
tist Flag,  devoted  to  church  history  and  polemic 
theology.  It  was  first  issue'd  from  La  Grange,  but 
was  subsequently  removed  to  St.  Louis.  And  last. 
Ford's  Christian  Repository,  a  monthly,  is  pub- 
lished at  St.  Louis,  and  edited  by  S.  H.  Ford, 
LL.D.,  and  Mrs.  S.  R.  Ford. 

The  Baptists  of  Missouri  have  an  important  po- 
sition in  this  great  central  State,  and  are  wielding 
a  potent  influence  for  good  in  the  evangelical  and 
educational  enterprises  of  the  West. 

Baptist  Progress  in  Missouri  by  Decades. 


Date. 

Number  of 
AesociatioDS. 

Number  of 
Churches. 

Number  of 
Miujste^-s. 

Number  of 

Cuunnuui- 

cants. 

1796 

i 

8 
18 

ii 

37 
65 

70 

2 
14 
•     91 
230 
410 
639 
749 
1284 
1449 

3 
11 

52 
126 
201 
349 
432 
842 
839 

12 

18(lG 

50 

1816 

420 

2,984 

JS36      

8,723 

19,667 

1856      

31,358 

44,877 

1S7(> 

89,786 

96,967 

MISSOUIil 


807 


MISSOURI 


Missouri,  Central  Baptist  of.— Tlie  first  num- 
ber of  the  Missoiu-i  B/iji/isl  Jutirnal  was  issued 
Jan.  1,  1860,  in  I'alinyia,  Mo.,  as  the  acktiowledgcJ 
orjran  of  tlie  General  Association.  About  a  year 
later  the  liapdst  Record  made  its  appearance  in 
St.  Louis,  under  the  editorial  conduct  of  Uev.  A. 
A.  Kendrick,  D.D.  In  1868  these  two  papers  were 
consolidated,  and  the  name  of  tlie  Central  Baptist 
was  given  to  the  journal,  whose  chief  aim  was  to 
unite  the  Baptists  of  Missouri  on  a  common  plat- 
form of  doctrinal  truth,  missionary  effort,  and  edu- 
cational interest. 

The  result  of  the  consolidation  was  most  gratify- 
ing. The  circulation  of  the  Central  Baptist  soon 
reached  8000.  Its  conciliatory  spirit,  sturdy  de- 
fense of  our  distinctive  principles,  and  the  literary 
ability  of  its  contributors,  representing  every  sec- 
tion of  our  country,  won  for  it  the  confidence  of 
Missourians  and  the  respect  of  Baptists  throughout 
the  land.  Its  principal  editors  have  been  success- 
ively Dr.  J.  II.  Lutlier,  Dr.  W.  Pope  Yeaman,  and 
Rev.  W.  Ferguson,  aided  at  different  periods  by 
Rev.  Norman  Fox,  President  A.  A.  Kendrick,  and 
Rev.  J.  C  Armstrong. 

The  aim  of  the  managers  of  the  Central  Baptist 
has  always  been  to  establish  for  the  valley  of  the 
Missouri  a  journal  of  conservative  chai'acter,  main- 
taining in  its  editorial  conduct  pronounced  views 
on  every  question  relating  to  evangelical  religion, 
and  encouraging  a  spirit  of  free  inquiry  in  the  min- 
istry and  among  the  masses.  The  enlightened  and 
working  element  of  the  denomination  has  recog- 
nized it  as  a  necessity  in  the  region  of  which  St. 
Louis  is  the  centre,  and  has  generously  supported 
it  as  one  of  the  permanent  agencies  in  the  further- 
ance of  the  graml  mission  intrusted  to  us  .as  a  peo- 
ple. It  has  an  honorable  record,  with  the  promise 
of  a  brilliant  future. 

Rev.  Wm.  Ferguson,  the  present  proprietor  and 
managing  editor  of  the  Central  Baptist,  was  born 
in  Saline  Co.,  Mo.,  July  l.i,  1845.  In  early  life  he 
found  the  Saviour,  and,  being  impressed  with  the 
duty  of  preaching  the  gospel,  in  1868  he  gave  up 
the  study  of  law  and  entered  William  Jewell  Col- 
lege, at  Liberty,  Mo.,  to  prepare  for  the  ministry. 
Here,  from  the  very  start,  he  took  the  first  place 
in  his  classes,  and  secured  the  abiding  love  and 
respect  of  his  instructors  and  fellow-students.  On 
his  graduation,  in  1873,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Florence  M.  Chandler,  of  Liberty, 
and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Fulton,  Mo.  After  one  year  of  successful  labor  he 
was  elected  to  the  responsible  position  of  financial 
agent  of  the  Missouri  Baptist  Ministerial  Kducation 
Society,  and  of  William  .Jewell  College,  which  po- 
sition he  held  with  great  acceptance  and  success 
until  January,  1877,  when  he  purchased  a  part- 
nership interest  with  Rev.  W.  P.  Yeaman,  D.D.,  in 


the  Central  Baptist,  of  which,  in  1878,  he  became 
sole  proprietor.  Under  his  management  of  rare 
tact  and  ability  the  paper  has  been  lifted  out  of 
financial  embarrassments  and   placed   within  the 


REV.   HILI.IAM    FERGUSON. 

first  rank  of  denominational  exponents.  He  pos- 
sesses many  qualifications  which  mark  the  born 
journalist.  To  a  well-balanced  mind,  holding  de- 
cided convictions,  and  exercising  a  positiveness  ia 
their  maintenance,  he  joins  a  heart  of  keen  sensi- 
bilities and  broad  sympathies,  which  enable  him  to 
weigh  and  deal  fairly  with  all  the  questions  which 
interest  the  church  and  humanity.  These  quali- 
ties, combined  with  unassuming  modesty  and  ge- 
niality, secure  the  respect,  esteem,  and  love  of  all 
who  know  him. 

Missouri,  Colored  Baptists  of,  are  a  signifi- 
cant force.  They  have  a  State  Convention  and  six 
district  Associations,  and  claim  30,000  members, 
with  300  ministers.  Among  the  leaders  now  living 
are  W.  W.  Brooks,  W.  T.  .Jones,  Thos.  Jefferson, 
.John  Marshall,  Henry  Burton,  L.  T.  Vealman, 
Samson  Lewis.  Hardin  Smith,  and  Daniel  Sawyer, 
menof  piety  and  influence.  Souieof  their  churches 
have  a  thousand  members.  Four  of  their  ministers 
have  sketches  in  this  work. 

Missouri,  Southwest,  Baptist  College  of,  is 
located  at  Bolivar,  Southwest  Missouri,  and  was 
founded  by  the  Southwest  Baptist  Convention. 
It  opened  at  Lebanon,  Sept.  17,  187S.  Rev.  J.  R. 
Maupin,  A.M.,  a  graduate  of  Lagrange  College, 
Mo.,  is  its  first  president.  He  was  chosen  for  five 
years.     The   curriculum    of  the   institution   com- 


MITCHEL 


808 


MITCHELL 


pares  favorably  with  other  colleges.  It  has  a  three 
years'  preparatory  course  and  a  four  yeai-s'  collegi- 
ate. The  faculty  is  composed  of  ten  able  instruc- 
tors. The  charter  of  the  college  was  granted  March 
I'J,  1879.  It  is  one  of  tlie  most  liberal  in  the  State. 
The  school  is  open  to  male  and  female  students. 
One  hundred  and  thirty-nine  students  attended  the 
first  year.  A  large  number  of  students  have  been 
■  converted  the  past  year.  The  college  has  a  new 
and  Ijeautiful  building  and  six  acres  of  ground. 
Kev.  N.  T.  Allison  is  principal  of  the  preparatory 
department. 

Mitchel,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  England, 
Sept.  5,  1820.  lie  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  1838.  He  studied  at  Horton  College,  in  Brad- 
ford, England,  and  in  Edinburgh  University,  Scot- 
land. He  was  ordained  in  England  in  July,  1847, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Hors- 
forth,  England,  where  he  labored  four  yeai-s,  and 
three  at  Irwell,  Terrace  chapel,  Bacup.  He  came 
to  America  in  1855  ;  had  chai-ge  of  tlie  church  at 
Beverly,  N.  J.,  for  three  years  ;  was  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  for  two 
years,  in  which  he  built  the  present  house  of  wor- 
ship; the  church  prospered  under  his  ministry. 
In  1860  he  became  pastor  at  Lebanon.  During 
the  war  he  practised  medicine  and  preached  Christ. 
After  the  war  he  organized  churches  in  Southwest 
Missouri.  He  was  pastor  at  Bolivar,  Mo.  In 
1874  he  went  to  California,  and  returned  soon  after 
to  Kansas,  and  preached  at  Hiawatha  for  two  years 
with  success, — a  stroke  of  palsy  closed  his  labors 
there.  He  returned  to  Bolivar,  Mo.,  and  bore  his 
affliction  with  patience,     lie  died  May  27,  1879. 

In  both  his  pastorates  in  England  he  was  popu- 
lar and  useful,  and  in  this  country  his  labors  were 
successful. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  Edward,  was  born  in  the  island 
of  Martinique  in  1794.  He  followed  the  sea  in  his 
early  life,  but  having  been  hopefully  converted  and 
baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Staughton,  his  attention  was 
at  once  turned  to  the  Christian  ministry.  He  en- 
tered Dartmouth  College,  and  graduated  with  honor 
in  1828.  Soon  after  leaving  college  he  was  called 
to  become  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Burke, 
Vt.  In  1834  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Eaton,  Canada  East,  where  he  remained  until  1838, 
when  he  was  called  to  the  church  in  West  Hatley, 
Canada  East,  where  he  continued  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  31,  1872.  "lie  was  re- 
garded as  the  most  profound  theologian  ever  settled 
in  the  section  in  which  he  passed  so  many  years 
of  liis  useful  life." 

Mitchell,  Edward  C,  D.D.,  was  born  at  East 
Bridgewater,  Mass.,  Sept.  20,  1829.  His  early  re- 
ligious training  was  of  the  Unitarian  type.  While 
a  student  in  Waterville  College,  Me.,  he  was  con- 
verted, and  became  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church. 


He  was  graduated  in  1849.  He  entered  Newton 
Theological  Seminary,  and  was  graduated  in  1853. 
He  was  first  settled  as  pastor  in  Calais,  Mo.,  where 
he  was  ordained  in  1854.  After  three  years  he  re- 
moved to  Rockford,  III.,  where  he  founded  the  State 
Street  Baptist  church,  and  remained  the  pastor  for 
five  years.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  Profes.sor 
of  Biblical  Interpretation  in  the  theological  de- 
partment of  Shurtleff  College,  in  Illinois,  which 
position  he  tilled  during  seven  years.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  to  the  professorship  of  Hebrew 
and  Old  Testament  Literature  in  the  Baptist  Union 
Theological  Seminary,  Chicago.  He  tilled  this 
chair  eight  years.  Then  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment to  the  pi'ofessorship  of  Biblical  Interpreta- 
tion in  Regent's  Park  Baptist  College,  in  London, 
England.  He  then  became  thepresident  of  the  Bap- 
tist Theological  School  of  Paris,  France.  lie  is 
the  author  of  "The  Critical  Hand- Book,  a  Guide 
to  the  Study  of  the  Authenticity,  the  Canon,  and 
the  Text  of  the  Greek  New  Testament,"  also  "Ge- 
senius's  Hebrew  Grammar,  Translated  by  Davis, 
thoroughly  Revised  and  Enlarged."  lie  is  a  fine 
scholar,  and  eminently  successful  in  the  line  of 
labor  to  which  he  has  devoted  his  life. 

Mitchell,  John,  D.D. — This  gentleman,  known 
as  "  the  beloved  disciple,"  was  born  in  Bertie  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1829  ;  professed  faith  in  Christ  at  Wake 
Forest  College  in  1851  ;  graduated  in  1852:  studied 
theology  at  Greenville,  S.  C. ;  was  agent  for  the 
endowment  of  Wake  Forest  College  in  1856-57; 
was  pastor  at  Hillsljorough  and  Greensborough ; 
settled  as  pastor  in  Chowan  Association  after  the 
war  ;  took  charge  of  the  Asheville  church  in  1875  ; 
returned  to  Murfreesborough  in  1879,  where  he 
now  resides.  Dr.  Mitchell  is  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest,  and  also  of  Chowan  Female  Institute,  and 
was  made  a  D.D.  by  his  alma  mater  in  1876. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  J.  F.,  a  leading  minister  in 
Spring  River  Association,  Ark.,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1823.  He  subsequently  removed  to 
Georgia,  where  he  began  to  preach  in  1853.  He 
spent  five  years  preaching  in  that  State,  and  just  at 
the  commencement  of  the  civil  war  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  at  Jacksonville,  Florida,  but  owing  to 
the  disturbed  state  of  the  country  he  removed  to 
Texas,  where  he  remained  until  after  the  war.  His 
labors  were  greatly  blessed  in  that  State.  After 
laboring  in  Texas  five  years,  he  removed  to  Benton 
Co.,  Ark.,  where  he  has  been  an  active  co-worker 
with  Jasper  Dunegan.  He  has  baptized  during 
his  ministry  615  persons. 

Mitchell,  Rev.  S.  H.,  was  bom  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ind.,  Feb.  20,  1830.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1855.  He  was  baptized  at  Oskaloosa  in  1859.  At 
the  time  of  his  baptism  he  looked  upon  teaching  as 
his  probable  life-work.  In  1862  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  not  long  after  he  was  ordained.     In 


MlZi: 


809 


MONROE 


J863  he  was  appointed  general  missionnry  and 
financial  agent  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, and  continued  in  tliis  pi>sition  till  October, 
1869.  During  this  period  he  traveled  3II,0"*J  miles 
over  the  State,  25,000  of  which  were  by  horseback 
and  buggy.  It  was  a  time  of  great  activity  and 
growth  in  tlie  Convention  work,  as  is  shown  by  the 
increased  number  of  missionaries  employed,  and 
the  amount  of  funds  collected.  In  ISii'i  there  were 
only  si.x  missionaries  employed,  and  loss  than  SKJIH) 
collected.  In  1868  there  were  thirty,  and  nearly 
$6500  were  collected. 

,Ian.  1,  1870,  Mr.  Mitchell  settled  as  pastor  at 
Ames,  Iowa,  and  remained  five  years,  doing  a  good 
work.  Lots  were  purchased,  and  a  .substantial 
meeting-house  built.  During  1875  he  labored  as 
financial  agent  for  the  University  of  Des  Moines. 
In  February,  1876,  he  became  pastor  at  Shell  Rock, 
Iowa,  and  in  July,  1877,  began  his  ministi-y  at 
Grundy  Centre,  Iowa,  where  he  still  labors,  having 
now  entered  upnn  his  fourth  year  of  service.  There 
are  few  men  in  Iowa  so  well  and  favorably  known 
among  the  Baptists,  or  whose  lal^ors  have  had  as 
wide  a  range  or  as  marked  effects  in  State  missions. 

Mize,  Eev.  T.  S.,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1840,  at 
CarroUton,  Carroll  Co.,  111.  He  made  a  profession 
of  religion  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  ;  was  grad- 
uated at  .Shurtleff  College  at  twenty  years  of  age  ; 
pursued  his  theological  studies  at  Rochester,  X.  Y. ; 
ordained  at  Faribault.  Minn. ;  settled  at  Clinton 
Junction,  Wis.,  January,  1867,  and  died  April  29, 
1872.  Great  humility  and  modesty,  and  great 
fidelity  to  Christ  and  the  churoh  were  his  crown- 
ing characteristics. 

Moffat,  Judge  John  S.,  a  well-known  Baptist 
layman  of  Hudson,  Wis.,  was  born  on  the  25th  of 
November,  1814,  in  Lansing,  Tompkins  Co.,  X.  Y. 
His  grandfather,  Rev.  -John  Moffat,  emigrated  from 
Ireland  with  a  colony,  with  which  also  came  the 
Clintons,  who  settled  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  of  fine  classical  and  theo- 
logical attainments.  .Judge  Moffat's  parents  were 
Samuel  and  Ann  (Shaw)  Moffat.  They  were  Chris- 
tians, and  early  in  life  began  to  instruct  him  in 
the  principles  of  morality  and  religion  ;  he  received 
his  education  in  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood. 
At  eighteen  he  entered  the  counting-room  of  a 
merchant  in  Dryden,  X^.  Y.,  as  assistant.  Here  he 
remained  two  yeai's.  At  twenty  he  entered  the 
academy  at  Homer.  He  also  studied  at  the  acad- 
emy at  Groton. 

In  1840,  Mr.  Moffat  entered  the  law-office  of 
Coryden  Tyler,  of  Dryden,  and,  although  admitted 
to  the  bar,  he  engaged  for  several  years  in  mercan- 
tile pursuits.  In  1854,  Mr.  Moffat  came  to  Hud- 
son, Wis.,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  Upon 
his  arrival  here  he  obtained  a  position  in  the  land- 
office,  which,  together  with  the  position  of  police 


justice,  he  held  for  many  years.  Since  .January, 
1870,  he  has  held  the  office  of  county  judge.  He 
also  practises  extensively  in  the  courts,  and  pre- 
sides over  one  of  the  largest  insurance  and  collect- 
ing agencies  in  the  Northwest. 

Judge  Moffat  is  a  thorough-going  Christian  gen- 
tleman. For  many  years  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church.  In  the  church  at  Hudson 
he  is  a  deacon  and  Sunday-.school  superintendent. 
He  is  a  man  of  commanding  influence,  which  he 
devotes  to  the  best  interests  of  the  community 
where  he  resides.  Temperance  and  public  virtue 
and  morality  have  in  him  an  ardent  friend.  He 
exemplifies  these,  as  well  as  the  graces  of  pure  re- 
ligion, in  his  own  daily  life. 

Mrs.  Moffat's  maiden  name  was  Nancy  Ann 
Bennet.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Phineas  Bennet,  a 
well-known  inventor  of  New  York.  They  were 
married  Jan.  24,  1844.  She  is  in  perfect  accord 
with  Mr.  MoBat  in  all  his  Christian  and  philan- 
thropic labors,  and  an  .active  and  influential  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  cliurcli  in  Hudson. 

Monroe  Female  College. — This  institution, 

situated  in  the  village  of  Forsyth,  Monroe  Co.,  Ga., 
was  founded  in  the  year  1849.  under  the  title  of 
For,syth  Female  Collegiate  Institute.  Rev.  E.  J.  C. 
Thomas  being  the  first  president.  A  few  years 
afterwards  Rev.  Wm.  C.  Wilkes,  a  graduate  of 
Mercer  University,  was  elected  president,  and  he 
managed  the  college  with  great  energy  and  success 
until  the  close  of  the  year  1866,  except  when  it  was 
temporarily  suspended  during  the  war.  Kev.  S. 
G.  llillyer,  a  graduate  of  Franklin  College,  and 
for  niiiny  years  a  professor  in  Mercer  University, 
was  its  next  president.  Dr.  llillyer.  who  is  both 
an  excellent  scholar  and  an  eminent  divine,  ad- 
ministered its  affairs  with  great  success  until  1872, 
when  R.  T.  Asbury  succeeded,  only  to  give  way  in 
turn  to  Dr.  llillyer,  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

The  management  of  this  excellent  college  has 
always  been  in  Baptist  hands,  and  year  after  year 
has  sent  out  large  classes  of  well-educated  young 
hidies.  In  1879  its  beautiful  building  was  con- 
sumed by  fire,  but  it  is  now  being  rebuilt  in  a  more 
handsome  style.  The  exercises,  in  the  meanwhile, 
are  still  continued. 

Monroe,  Rev.  John, — X'^o  minister  in  North 
Carolina  of  any  denomination  is  more  respected 
for  his  piety  and  usefulness  than  this  venerable 
man.  He  was  born  in  Richmond  Co.,  N.  C,  in 
October,  1804.  His  parents  emigrated  from  the 
Highlands  of  Scotland  in  1  03.  He  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Spring  Hill  Baptist  church 
in  1819;  began  to  preach  in  1825;  has  labored  ex- 
tensively in  the  counties  of  Anson,  Richmond,  and 
Robeson,  N.  C,  and  Marlborough,  S.  C,  and  during 
tlie  fifty-five  years  of  his  ministry  he  has  been  pas- 
tor of  the  Spring  Hill  church.     For  twenty  years 


MONROE 


sio 


MONTAGUE 


he  was  moderator  of  the  Peilee  Baptist  Associa- 
tion, and  would  still  fill  that  place  did  the  infirmi- 
ties of  ajio  permit. 

Monroe,  Eev.  William  Y.,  was  born  in  Old- 
ham Co.,  Ky.,  April  3,  1824  ;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Scott  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1834,  and  joined  the 
Methodist  church  in  1842.  About  this  time  his 
mind  was  ('xerciscd  in  respect  to  his  entering  upon 
the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  began  a  thorough 
search  of  the  Bible  ;  the  result  was  that  ha  became 
a  minister  and  a  Baptist.  He  was  ordained  in  1850, 
and  has  been  the  pastor  of  the  North  Madison  Bap- 
tist church  for  twenty-three  years.  He  was  elected 
treasurer  of  his  county  two  consecutive  terms,  and 
has  been  sent  to  the  State  Legislature  two  sessions. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Con- 
vention in  1878.  He  is  a  man  of  deep  piety,  mod- 
est)', and  profound  convictions. 

Montague,  Rev.  Howard  W.,  the  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  Philip  Montague,  was  born  in  Jliddle- 
sex  Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  10,  1810.  He  was  baptized  by 
his  father  in  November,  1831.  In  1838  he  married 
Miss  Mildred  C.  Broaddus,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Andrew  Broaddus.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry in  1840.  During  his  ministerial  career  of 
thirty-six  years  he  was  at  different  times  pastor  of 
the  following  churches,  —  Mount  Zion.  Ephesus, 
Howerton's,  and  Upper  Essex,  in  the  county  of 
Essex ;  Bethel,  in  the  county  of  Caroline  -,  and 
Shiloh  and  Round  Hill,  in  King  George.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  he  had  stated  appointments  at  several 
other  churches,  besides  being  a  frequent  and  zeal- 
ous worker  in  protracted  meetings  in  bis  own  and 
neighboring  churches.  The  one  great  object  of  his 
life  was  to  preach  the  gospel  plainly  and  faithfully 
to  men,  and  he  did  it  with  great  earnestness,  power, 
and  success.  He  w;is  a  laborious  worker  in  the 
ministry,  forgetting  himself  and  laying  all  his  ener- 
gies on  the  altar  of  the  Master.  He  possessed  a 
vigorous  intellect,  was  a  strong  thinker,  and  in  his 
style  of  preaching  was  impressive  and  stimulating. 
His  own  life  exemplified  the  doctrines  of  godliness, 
and  all  who  were  acquainted  with  him  knew  that 
Christ  was  the  moving  spring  of  his  entii-e  actions. 
He  died  June  9,  1876,  leaving  to  the  churches  of 
his  love  and  labors  the  memories  of  a  character 
fragrant  with  the  graces  of  the  Spirit. 

Montague,  Rev.  J.  E.,  was  bom  in  Granville 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  1818;  baptized  in  1839;  educated 
at  Wake  Forest  College;  was  ordained  in  1850, 
Revs.  R.  I.  Devin  and  S.  Creath  forming  the  Pres- 
bytery ;  and  has  been  the  successful  pastor  of  Jlill 
Creek  and  Bethel  churches,  Person  County,  for 
twenty-six  years. 

Montague,  Judge  Robert  L.,  was  bom  in  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  Va.,  May  23,  1819.  His  parents  were 
zealous  members  of  a  Baptist  church.  His  educa- 
tion was  begun  at  a  small  country  school.     He  was 


afterwards  sent  to  Fleetwood  Academy,  in  the 
count}'  of  King  and  Queen,  conducted  by  that  ac- 
complished teacher,  Oliver  White,  to  be  prepared 
for  college.     From  this  school  he  went  to  William 


4^     -^ 


JUDGE    ROBEHT    \..   MONTAGUE. 

and  Mary  College,  where,  in  July  of  1842,  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws,  graduating 
also  in  the  school  of  political  economy.  He  re- 
turned to  the  college  the  next  session,  and  contin- 
ued his  studies  in  legal  and  political  science,  and 
then  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
baptized  in  August,  1842,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Street, 
and  united  with  the  Glebelanding  church,  of  which 
he  has  continued  a  member  till  the  present,  being 
actively  identified  with  all  the  movements  of  the 
denomination,  and  serving  most  efficiently  for  sev- 
eral years  the  General  Baptist  Association  of  Vir- 
ginia as  its  president.  H.aving  begun  the  practice 
of  law  in  1844,  Judge  Montague  was  appointed,  in 
1845,  the  Commonwealth's  attorney  fur  Middlesex 
County,  which  position  he  held  with  efl5ciency  and 
honor  for  nineteen  years  and  then  resigned.  In 
1850  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
Legislature,  and  was  i-e-elected  in  1851,  but  he  re- 
signed without  serving.  In  1852  he  was  a  Presi- 
dential elector,  and  was  the  messenger  of  the  elec- 
toral college  to  convey  the  vote  of  Virginia  to 
Washington  ;  and  in  1856  he  was  again  a  Presi- 
dential elector.  In  1859  he  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  State.  This  office  he  held  for  the 
constitutional  period  of  four  years.  In  February, 
1861,  he  was  elected  by  the  people  of  Middlesex 
and  Mathews  Counties  to  represent  them  in  the 


MONTANYE 


811 


MOODY 


secession  convention  ;  and  in  April  of  the  game 
year  he  was  chosen  by  tlie  convention  a  member  of 
the  executive  council  to  aid  the  governor  in  his  ar- 
duous and  responsible  duties,  lie  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  convention  at  its  last  session,  and  it  is 
a  »in;;ular  fact  that  Judge  Montague  while  presid- 
ing over  this  body  was  also  the  president  of  the 
\jrginia  senate  for  nearly  a  month,  botli  bodies 
sitting  in  the  same  building,  so  that,  in  order  to 
accommodate  the  presiding  officer,  the  hours  of 
meeting  for  both  bodies  had  to  be  changed.  In 
1S03  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Confederate 
Congress,  and  served  in  that  body  till  its  last  ses- 
sion ;  after  which  time,  until  1S7.3,  he  remained  in 
private  life,  giving  himself  entirely  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In  1873  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Virginia  Legislature  by  the  people  of 
Middlesex  County,  and  in  March,  1875,  he  was 
elected  by  the  Legislature  judge  of  the  eighth  ju- 
dicial circuit.  Although  Judge  Montague's  nu- 
merous official  duties  prevented  him  from  adding 
much  to  the  literature  of  the  denomination,  he 
made  a  great  many  public  addresses  on  various 
subjects,  many  of  which  have  been  published  and 
widely  read  throughout  the  State.  Although  much 
in  public  and  political  life,  no  man  sustained  a 
more  honorable  reputation.  He  died  during  the 
summer  of  1880. 

Montanye,  Rev.  Thomas  B.,  was  torn  Jan. 
29,  1709,  in  Xew  York.  When  .seventeen  years  of 
age  he  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  John  Gano  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  that 
city.  lie  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  AV'arwick,  N.  Y.,  when  only  nineteen  years  of 
age.  In  1801  he  became  pastor  of  the  Southamp- 
ton chui-eh,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  He  held  this  position 
till  death  summoned  him  to  the  church  in  glory, 
Sept.  27,  1829.  Mr.  Montanye  was  one  of  the 
most  popular  Baptist  ministers  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Pennsylvania,  where  his  name  was  familiar  to 
most  professors  of  religion.  No  man  in  the  Bap- 
tist ranks  stood  higher  than  he.  His  church  trusted 
and  loved  him,  and  he  and  his  Southampton  brethren 
walked  in  harmony  with  the  Baptist  brotherhood 
everywhere.  In  preaching,  his  theme  was  the 
cross,  and  he  posses.sed  great  power  in  setting  forth 
the  matchless  glories  of  the  suffering  Saviour.  His 
memory  is  tenderly  cherished  all  over  Bucks  County 
at  this  day. 

Montgomery,  Rev.  W.  A.,  was  bom  in  Jeffer- 
son Co..  Tenn.,  Nov.  16,  1829.  He  was  converted 
and  baptized  in  his  fourteenth  year.  He  entered 
the  University  of  Tennessee,  at  Knoxville,  in  1845, 
and  gr.aduated  with  the  first  honor  of  his  class  in 
1850;  read  law  with  the  Hon.  E.  Alexander,  judge 
of  the  Knoxville  Circuit  Court.  lie  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1851.  He  removed  to 
Texas  in  1855.     He  served  as  a  member  from  Wash- 


ington County  in  the  secession  convention  in  1801. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  while  in  the  Confederate 
army  in  1802.  He  continued  in  it  until  the  close 
of  the  war:  removed  to  Leadvale,  Tenn.,  in  1867. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in 
1868.  He  received  his  D.D.  from  Carson  College 
in  1870,  and  from  the  University  of  Tennessee  in 
1876.  He  was  pastor  first  of  Leadvale  and  Dan- 
dridge  churches  from  1808  to  1872;  then  of  First 
church.  Lynchburg,  Va.,  until  1877.  He  was  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  Southwestern  Board 
for  eighteen  months.  He  is  now  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Dr.  Montgomery  possesses  rare  ability  as  an 
evangelist.  The  numerous  protracted  meetings 
held  by  hira,  in  which  his  labors  were  singularly 
blessed,  abundantly  show  this.  In  the  pulpit  his 
manner  is  solemn  ;  his  words  and  arguments  are 
logical,  instructive,  and  convincing.  He  is  among 
the  most  prominent  preachers  in  the  State. 

Montreal  College. — This  institution  owes  its 
origin  to  the  conviction  among  the  Baptists  of 
Can;ida  that,  in  order  to  prosecute  their  denom- 
inational work  in  the  provinces,  a  native,  edu- 
cated ministry  must  be  raised  up  to  do  this  work. 
The  funds  necessary  to  commence  the  undertaking 
having  been  secured,  Dr.  Benjamin  Davies,  then 
living  in  England,  came  to  Montreal  in  1839,  and 
took  charge  of  what  was  called  the  Baptist  Theo- 
logical College,  the  original  design  being  to  have 
but  two  instructors,  a  principal  and  a  tutor,  to 
train  the  young  men  who  proposed  to  enter  the 
Christian  ministry.  Buildings  were  secured,  the 
necessarj'  preparations  made,  and  a  few  students 
connected  themselves  with  the  new  institution. 
In  1843,  Dr.  Davies  was  called  to  England  to  take 
the  presidency  of  Stepney  College,  now  Regent's 
Park  College,  London,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Fyfe  occupied 
the  place  thus  made  v.icant  for  one  year.  In  1844, 
Dr.  J.  M.  Cramp  entered  upon  his  duties  as  presi- 
dent of  the  college.  A  fine,  cut-stone  building  was 
erected  on  a  commanding  site  in  the  city  of  Mon- 
treal, and  the  prospects  of  the  institution  wore  an 
encouraging  aspect.  But  it  was  not  long  before 
financial  embarrassment  crippled  the  energies  of 
those  who  had  been  foremost  in  promoting  the  in- 
terests of  the  college.  The  "  hard  times''  of  1848-50 
destroyed  all  hope  of  raising  funds,  which  it  had 
been  thought  could  be  obtained  in  England.  There 
was  no  alternative  but  to  sell  the  college  property, 
to  pay  off.  as  far  as  possible,  the  debts  of  the  insti- 
tution. Apparently  the  experiment  to  establish  a 
Baptist  theological  college  in  Montreal  had  proved 
a  failure,  and  the  friends  of  ministerial  education 
must  look  for  success  in  some  other  quarter.  (See 
article  on  Canadian  Literary  Institute.) 

Moody,  Lady, — This  titled  lady  lived  at  Lynn. 
Mass.,  in  1640,     She  purchased  the  estate  of  Mr. 


MOORE 


812 


MOOliK 


lluiiiplircy,  one  of  the  magistrates,  and  intended  to 
become  a  permanent  resident.  Soon  after  making 
her  abode  at  Lynn  slie  einliraeed  the  iiriiiciiilesof  the 
Baptists;  and  then  neitlier  her  cliaraeter  nor  her 
position  in  .society  could  avail  her  anything.  She 
was  compelled  to  withdraw  IVoni  the  Congregational 
citizens  of  Lynn  and  seek  a  home  on  Long  Island 
among  the  Dutch,  who,  like  their  liberal  country- 
men in  Holland,  gave  her  a  generous  welcome. 
And  when  the  Indians  came  to  Long  Island  to  kill 
its  Dutch  settlers,  forty  of  them  defended  the  house 
of  Lady  Moody  at  the  peril  of  their  lives.  In  that 
day  to  embrace  Baptist  principles  was  to  invite 
expatriation,  if  not  something  worse,  even  from 
American  ('hristians. 

Moore,  David,  D.D.,  was  bm-n  in  Northumber- 
land, England,  March  28,  1822.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1834.  He  received  a  superior 
education,  and  being  called  of  God  to  the  ministry, 
he  was  ordained,  in  June,  1852,  as  pastor  of  the 
Gaines  and  JIurray  churches,  N.  Y.  In  1855  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  Le  Koy  church  in  the  same 
State  ;  in  1800  he  became  pastor  of  the  Washington 
Street  church,  Buffalo;  and  in  18(54  he  took  the 
oversight  of  the  Washington  Avenue  church, 
Brooklyn,  from  which  he  retired,  through  im- 
paired health,  in  1870.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

He  has  published  several  occasional  sermons, 
essays,  and  addresses,  and  was,  till  the  failure  of 
his  health,  an  active  manager  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  the  Long  Island  Mission 
Board,  and  of  other  denominational  institutions. 

Few  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination  have 
wielded  a  wider  or  more  beneficial  influence.  As 
a  preacher,  he  is  lucid,  sound,  earnest,  and  elo- 
quent. As  a  pastor,  sympathizing,  magnetic,  and 
faithful,  and,  in  all  the  councils  of  his  brethren, 
capable,  practical,  and  prudent. 

Moore,  Rev.  Ferris,  was  bom  in  Putney,  A't., 
Dec.  31,  17%,  united  liy  baptism  with  the  church 
June  24,  1816,  and  was  ordained  Dec.  30,  1819,  at 
Keene,  N.  II.,  where  he  was  the  pastor  of  the 
church  for  two  years.  Subsequently  he  was  settled 
at  New  Ipswich,  N.  II.,  Canton,  Mass.,  and  at 
Saratoga,  N.  Y.  From  April,  1846,  to  the  fall  of 
1857  he  preached  every  alternate  Sabbath  at  South 
Lee,  Mass.,  where  he  died  April  7,  1858. 

Moore,  John  L.,  D.D.,  one  of  the  pioneer  Bap- 
tists of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
17,  1803,  and  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two.  In  1831  he  graduated  from  Hamilton,  and 
one  week  after  his  graduation  was  ordained  at 
Watertown,  N.  Y..  with  special  reference  to  the 
Western  field.  In  October  of  the  same  year,  in  com- 
pany with  three  of  his  classmates,  William  Chofl"ee, 
Alvin  Bailey,  and  G.  Bartlett,  he  visited  Cleveland, 
then  a  village  of  lOOll  inhaliitants.     From  it  he 


went  to  Columbus,  where  there  was  a  small  Bap- 
tist church,  and  thence  to  Cincinnati,  where  there 
were  then  three  Baptist  churches.  After  a  short 
stay  in  Cincinnati  he  visited  the  towns  of  the  Miami 
valley.  At  Hamilton  he  met  with  a  very  severe 
accident,  by  which  his  face  was  terribly  burned 
and  the  sight  of  his  eyes  greatly  injured.  Nothing 
daunted  at  this,  however,  he  accepted  in  the  spring 
of  1832  an  appointment  by  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, then  just  organized.  After  general  mission- 
ary work  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  of  Piquu, 
and  in  1834  gave  half  his  time  to  the  new  church 
at  Troy.  His  next  pastorate  was  with  the  church 
at  Dayton,  where  he  i-emaincd  two  years. 

For  eight  years  subsequent  to  this  Dr.  Moore 
was  the  general  agent  for  the  Ohio  State  Conven- 
tion. Part  of  his  time  was,  however,  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  college  at  Granville,  of  which 
he  was  a  trustee  for  more  than  thirty  years.  Od 
resigning  his  agency  he  took  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church  in  Springfield,  O.,  which  position  he  held 
for  nearly  two  years,  when  he  gave  himself  to  the 
work  of  establishing  a  theological  institution  at 
Fairraount,  near  Cincinnati.  In  1855  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  exploring  missionary  for  Ohio  by  the 
State  Convention,  and  did  much  effective  work. 
His  health  becoming  greatly  impaired  he  relin- 
quished this  position,  and  gave  himself  thence- 
forward to  a  more  quiet  life,  preaching,  however,  as 
he  found  opportunity,  and  making  himself  useful 
in  the  general  denominational  work.  In  the  same 
year  Denison  University  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  D.D.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Topeka, 
Kan.,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  Jan.  23, 
1878. 

Dr.  Moore  was  one  of  the  most  influential  and 
wealthy  of  the  early  Baptist  ministers  of  Ohio. 
His  memory  is  treasured  by  thousands  in  that 
State.  He  was  a  very  acceptable  preacher,  and  a 
man  of  most  excellent  spirit.  He  leaves  a  son  in, 
the  ministry.  Rev.  A.  S.  Moore,  of  Salem,  0. 

Moore,  Kev.  Wm.,  was  born  near  Pisgah,  But- 
ler Co..  O.,  Dec.  8,  1821  ;  was  baptized  by  Elder 
Daniel  Bryant  at  the  age  of  twenty  ;  studied  at 
Farmer's  College,  and  also  at  Granville  ;  took  his 
theological  course  at  the  Covington  Institute,  under 
Dr.  Patterson  ;  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  the 
autumn  of  1847,  at  the  Ninth  Street  church,  Cin- 
cinnati, and  shortly  afterwards  was  married  to  Miss 
E.  W.  Forbes.  In  company  with  Dr.  Jewett,  of  the 
Teloogoo  Mission,  he  was  set  apart  as  a  foreign 
missionary,  first  to  Assam,  and  afterwards,  at  the 
death  of  Mr.  Bullard,  to  the  Pwo  Karens,  Burmali. 

He  sailed  with  his  wife  from  Boston,  in  the  ship 
"  Cato,"  Nov.  2,  1847,  in  company  with  Brethren 
Danforth,  Stoddard,  and  their  wives,  and  also 
Brethren  Simons  and  Brayton.  On  reaching  the 
heathen   land  he   entered   with   energy   upon   the- 


MORAN 


813 


MOREHOUSE 


arduous  labor  of  acc(uirin(;  a  foreign  lanpuagp. 
This  lie  soon  accomplished,  and  was  permitted  to 
visit  the  Karens  in  their  distant  homes,  and  tell 
them  of  a  Saviour's  dying  love.  After  about  five 
years  of  labor  his  health  began  to  fail,  and  before 
the  sixth  year  was  completed  it  was  manifest  to  all 
that  his  missionary  toils  were  ended,  at  least  for  a 
time  His  voice  entirely  failed,  so  that  ho  could 
speak  only  in  a  low  whisper.  With  great  reluctance 
he  bade  adieu  to  the  chosen  labors  of  his  life,  and 
returned  to  this  country.  He  located  first  at  Cin- 
fiinnati,  but,  not  being  able  to  preach,  he  went  to 
Middletown,  and  entered  into  business,  in  which 
he  continued  twenty-six  years,  until  his  death. 
Being  jimmpt,  reliable,  and  enterprising,  he  se- 
cured a  flattering  position  in  the  commercial 
world.  Ills  word  was  the  synonym  of  honor  and 
fair-dealing. 

Ilis  influence  was  always  on  the  side  of  right 
and  morality,  and  in  this  direction  it  was  mighty 
and  constant,  and  it  was  felt  for  the  improvement 
of  the  community.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
school  board  for  twelve  years,  and  president  of  the 
board  of  education  when  he  died.  In  the  church 
\u:  was  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  main  pillars, 
holding  the  office  of  deacon  from  1SG7  until  the 
close  of  bis  life.  He  was  also  church  clerk  for  fif- 
teen years,  until  the  time  of  his  death,  and  during 
his  membership  he  was  a  constant  attendant  at  the 
Sabbath-school,  having  in  charge  the  adult  Bible- 
class.  In  his  teaching  he  was  clear  and  methodi- 
cal, and  eminently  useful.  He  was  not  only  a 
faithful  teacher,  but  a  true  friend,  and  a  wise 
counselor  to  all  his  class.  Even  after  they  left  the 
school  he  never  lost  sight  of  them,  but  watched  his 
opportunity  to  do  them  good.  It  brightens  our 
appreciation  of  his  goodness  to  remember  that  he 
himself  was  never  conscious  of  its  po.ssession,  but 
laliori'd  diligently  each  day  as  though  the  results 
of  eternity  depended  upon  the  passing  hour.  Few 
int'ii  have  been  more  honored  for  Christian  in- 
tegrity. His  unfaltering  devotion  to  the  church, 
his  familiarity  with  men,  his  sound  judgment,  and 
his  kindness  won  many  hearts  to  trust  the  Saviour 
wliom  ho  loved  and  honored.  AVitli  an  unblemisluHl 
rrputation,  he  filled  up  the  measure  of  his  days. 
lie  <iied  Sept.  29,  1880,  in  the  full  enjoyment  of 
the  Saviour's  love. 

Moran,  Rev.  M.  Y.,  an  able  minister  in  Lincoln 
Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1818;  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two  professed  Christ,  and  soon 
after  began  to  preach.  Having  8ettle<l  in  Somer- 
viUe,  Tenn.,  in  1844,  he  studied  for  three  years, 
and  obtained  a  fair  knowledge  of  Greek,  Latin,  and 
mathematics.  He  was  ordained  in  IBS.") ;  after 
preaching  in  Tennessee  three  years  he  removed  to 
Bolivar  Co.,  Miss.,  where  he  organized  the  first 
church  in  the  county.     Here  he  continued  to  labor 


until  the  war.  In  1862  he  came  to  Arkansas  and 
settled  at  his  present  place  of  residence,  where  he 
has  preached  successfully  until  the  present  time. 
He  has  presided  several  times  as  moderator  of  Bar- 
tholotnew  Association,  of  Arkansas  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  the  General  Association  of  Southeast 
Arkansas. 

More,  Godwin  C,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Hertford 
Co.,  \.  C,  \ov.  7,  HOli ;  graduated  at  CMiapel  Hill ; 
read  medicine  with  his  brother-in-law,  Ur.  Fletcher, 
and  graduated  in  medicine  at  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity. In  18.31  he  represented  his  native  county 
in  the  State  Legislature;  ran  fir  Congress  in  18.37, 
and  in  1838  became  moderator  of  the  (.'howan  As- 
sociation, the  largest  body  of  the  kind  in  the  State, 
and  he  held  this  honorable  position  for  thirty 
years.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture again  in  1842,  and  also  in  1867.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College,  and  for  many  years 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Chowan 
Female  Institute.  He  died  in  1880,  loved  and 
lamented  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Morehead,  Gov.  James  T.,  an  able  lawyer, 
and  one  of  the  most  brilliant  orators  that  Kentucky 
has  produced,  was  born  in  Bullitt  Co..  Ky.,  May 
24,  17'J7.  He  attended  school  at  Kussellville,  and 
completed  his  education  at  Transylvania  Univer- 
sity. He  was  raised  in  the  faith  of  the  Baptists, 
but  delayed  uniting  with  the  church  until  late  in 
life,  for  which  he  expressed  much  regret.  He 
studied  law  at  Russellville,  and  commenced  prac- 
tice at  Bowling  Green  in  1818.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  in  1828,  and  served  several  terms 
in  that  body.  He  was  elected  lieutenant-governor 
of  Kentucky  in  1832,  and  became  governor  of  the 
State  upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Breathitt,  in  February, 
1834.  He  was  several  years  president  of  the  board 
of  internal  improvements.  In  1841  he  was  elected 
to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term,  in 
1847,  he  located  in  Covington,  Ky.  He  died  Dec. 
28,  1854. 

Morehead,  Rev.  Robert  W.,  A.M.,  was  bom 
in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  April  13.  1834.  He  entered 
B('thel  College  in  18.J4,  and  remained  two  years. 
In  1856  he  entered  Union  University.  Tenn.,  where 
he  graduated  in  1859.  His  theological  studies  were 
pursued  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  .J.  M.  Pen- 
dleton. He  united  with  Union  Baptist  church, 
in  his  native  county,  in  1849 ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  18.56,  and  ordained  in  18.')9.  In  1800  he 
took  charge  of  Bethel  church,  in  Christian  County. 
For  several  years  he  has  been  the  beloved  and 
honored  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Princeton, 
Ky.  He  is  a  man  of  culture  and  great  moral 
worth. 

Morehouse,  Henry  L.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Stan- 
ford, Dutchess  Co..  \.  Y..  Oct.  2,  1834.  Mr.  More- 
house was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Rochester 


MOltELAND 


814 


MORGAN 


in  1858.  He  entered  Rochester  Thenlogical  Semi- 
nary in  1801,  and  was  graduated  in  1804.  \\\»  fii.st 
settlement  was  at  East  Saginaw,  Mich.,  where  he 
remained  from  1804  to  1873,  when  ho  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  East  Avenue  Baptist  church, 
in  Rochester.  Mr.  Morehouse  was  prominently 
identified  with  educational  and  State  missionary 
work  in  Michigan.  He  was  for  eomc!  time  corre- 
sponding and  iiiiancial  agent  of  the  New  York  Bap- 
tist Union  for  Ministerial  Education,  wOiich  has 
charge  of  the  theological  seminary  at  Rochester. 
He  was  elected  to  that  position  in  1877.  His  re- 
port in  "  Vindication  of  the  Beneficiary  System"' 
won  for  him  high  encomiums  from  the  first  educa- 
tors of  the  country.  He  has  also  pulilished  several 
able  sermons.  He  was  poet  of  the  alumni  of  Roch- 
ester University  in  1874.  His  racy  and  very  read- 
able contributions  to  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle, 
over  the  signature  "  Helmo,"  have  earned  him  a 
good  reputation.  His  church  has  greatly  prospered 
under  his  ministry,  and  his  earnest  labors  for  the 
seminary  have  secured  for  him  the  respect  of  all  the 
friends  of  ministerial  education  in  the  State  and  in 
the  many  States  where  Rochester  is  represented. 
He  is  now  the  able  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 

Moreland,  Rev.  W.  C,  for  nine  years  pastor 
at  Arcadia,  La.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1824;  for 
nineteen  years  a  preacher  in  the  Methodist  connec- 
tion ;  in  1804  he  was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister. 
He  came  to  Louisiana  in  1S48.  He  has  served  the 
following  Baptist  churches  acceptably;  Homer, 
Rook  S|>ring,  and  Antioch,  in  Claiboi-ne  Parish, 
and.Liljerty,  Mount  Gilead,  and  Arcadia  churches, 
in  Bienville  Parish. 

Morell,  Rev.  Z.  N.,  was  born  in  Tennessee ;  is 
now  about  eighty  years  old  ;  commenced  preaching 
at  an  early  age  after  his  conversion,  and  was  suc- 
cessful as  a  minister  in  Tennessee  and  Mississippi; 
removed  to  Texas  in  IS.3.5;  was  intimately  associ- 
ated with  the  early  warriors,  civilians,  and  ministers 
who  founded  the  republic  of  Te-ias  and  organized 
the  State.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
State  Convention  and  Education  Society  of  Te.\as. 
His  book,  "Flowers  and  Fruits;  or,  Thirty-six 
Years  in  Texas,"  published  in  1872,  by  Gould  & 
Lincoln,  Boston,  is  full  of  remarkable  incidents 
touching  religious,  civil,  and  martial  life,  written 
in  a  style'of  masculine  vigor. 

Moray,  Rev.  Reuben,  a  native  of  Faliius,  Onon- 
daga Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  Feb.  21,  1805, 
obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  in  early  life,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  Church.  Having  strong  convic- 
tions that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he 
soon  after  his  conversion  began  the  work  of  prep- 
aration. He  was  educated  at  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  and  at  Brown  Univer- 
sity.    Dr.  Wayland  was  president  at  Brown  while 


ho  was  there,  and  he  left  upon  his  student  the 
impress  of  his  own  strong  intellect  and  powerful 
grasp  of  truth.  Dr.  J.  R.  Looiiiis,  president  of 
Lewisburg  University,  Dr.  Ives,  of  Suffield,  Conn., 
and  Dr.  William  Dean,  of  Bangkok,  Siam,  were 
among  his  intimate  friends  at  college.  After  his 
graduation  from  Brown  University  he  was  ordained 
and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mad- 
ison, Ind.  His  Subsequent  pastorates  were  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  NoVth  Attleborough,  Mass.,  Homer,  Wy- 
oming, and  Arcade,  N.  Y.,  Delavan  and  Tonica,  III., 
and  Merton,  Wis.  His  longest  pastorate  was  at 
North  Attleborough,  Mass.,  where  he  remained 
eight  years.  His  preaching  was  analytical  and 
doctrinal.  He  had  a  profound  reverence  for  the 
ministerial  office,  and  this  imparted  depth  and  so- 
lemnity to  his  public  services.  As  a  pastor  he  was 
peculiarly  gifted  for  efficient  labor  in  the  family  and 
with  the  individual.  He  was  a  tower  of  strength 
in  all  his  pastoral  labors  with  his  flock.  His  home 
(luring  the  closing  years  of  his  life  was  in  Wauke- 
sha, Wis.  Here  he  fell  asleep  in  Jesus,  Feb.  17, 
1880.  "Mark  the  perfect  man  and  behold  the  up- 
right, for  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace." 

SEorgan,  Rev.  Abel,  was  of  AVelsh  descent,  and 
was  born  at  Welsh  Tract,  Del.,  April  IS,  1713.  He 
was  baptized  when  about  twenty  years  of  age,  and 
was  soon  afterwards  ordained.  He  had  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  learning  which  he  subsequently 
evinced  at  the  academy  in  Pencador.  In  1739  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  in  Middletown,  N.  J.,  and 
continued  there  until  hisdeath,  in  1785.  The  period 
of  his  life  was  an  important  one,  and  he  was  equal 
to  the  work  demanded  from  him.  His  influence  and 
the  history  of  the  denomination  in  New  Jersey  and 
America  are  inseparably  connected.  He  had  a  good 
judgment,  unusual  literary  attainments,  a  logical 
mind,  and  a  very  valualile  library.  He  was  pow- 
erful in  debate;  he  was  also  unsparing  in  labor  by 
night  and  by  day.  In  his  old  springless  cart  he 
rode  long  distances  to  preach  Jesus.  Dr.  Jones, 
in  his  century  sermon,  called  him  "  the  incompara- 
hle  Morgan.''^  Edwards  says  of  him,  "  lie  was  not 
a  custom  divine,  nor  a  leading-string  divine,  but  a 
Bini.E  DIVINE.''  He  was  on  different  occasions 
challenged  to  debate  on  doctrine,  and  always  main- 
tained his  position.  In  1742  there  was  a  great  re- 
vival at  Cape  May,  in  which  Baptist  and  Presbyte- 
rian ministers  preached.  Too  many  of  the  converts 
"  took  to  the  water"  to  suit  the  Presbyterians.  Mr. 
Morgan  accepted  a  challenge  from  Kev.  Samuel 
Finley,  afterwards  pi-esident  of  Princeton  College, 
to  discuss  the  baptismal  question.  He  gained  a 
signal  triumph.  Mr.  Finley  tried  his  pen,  and 
wrote  "A  Charitable  Plea  for  the  Speechless." 
Mr.  Morgan  had  a  reply  printed,  under  the  title 
"  Anti-Pa;do  Rantism,  or  Mr.  Samuel  Finley's 
Charitable  Plea  for  the  Speechless  examined  and 


M  ORG AX 


815 


MO  KG  AN 


refuted,  tlin  Baptism  of  Believers  iiuiiiitiiineJ,  and 
the  Mode  of  it  l)y  Immersion  vindicated,  by  Abel 
Morj;an,  of  Middletowii,  in  Kast  Jersey.  Phila- 
delphia, printed  by  B.  Franklin,  in  Market  Street. 
MDCCXLVII."  This  little  work  is  so  valuable 
and  scarce  that  it  sells  for  !?12  or  more. 


REV.   ABEI.     MORCAN. 

As  a  patriot,  his  trumpet  gave  no  uncertain 
sound.  Even  while  the  royal  troops  were  moving 
through  his  neighborhood,  after  tlie  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, he  was  outspoken.  The  next  Sunday  he 
had  for  his  text,  "  AVho  gave  Jacob  for  a  spoil  and 
Israel  to  the  robbers?"  He  says  in  his  diary,  that 
the  Sunday  after  that,  "  Preached  in  mine  own 
barn,  because  the  enemy  had  taken  out  all  the 
seats  in  the  meeting-house."'  lie  baptized  many 
persons,  and  was  the  moans  of  converting  and  edi- 
fying many  more.  lie  wrote  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant documents  issued  by  the  Philadelphia  As- 
sociation, and  was  frequently  called  by  it  to  preach 
and  preside,  llis  many  manuscripts,  neatly  writ- 
ten, show  careful  preparation,  souiiil  doctrine,  and 
|iractical  application.  The  inscription  upon  his 
plain  tombstone  at  Middletown  is,  '"  In  memory  of 
Abel  Morgan,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Mid- 
dletown, who  departed  thi.s  life  Nov.  24,  ITS.'),  in  the 
7.'5d  year  of  his  age.  His  life  was  blameless,  his 
ministry  was  powerful  ;  he  was  a  burning  and 
shining  light,  and  his  memory  is  dear  to  the 
saints." 

Morgan,  T.  J.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Church  His- 
tory in  the  Baptist  Union  'Pheological  Seminary 
at  Chicago,  is  of  Welsh  descent.     His  father  was 


Rev.  Lewis  Morgan,  a  pioneer  Baptist  preacher  in 
Indiana,  and  he  was  born  at  Franklin,  in  that  State, 
Aug.  17,  18.39.  His  collegiate  course  he  pursued  at 
Franklin  College,  graduating  in  1S61.  The  war 
being  then  in  progress,  he  entered  the  Union  ser- 
vice lis  a  private,  and,  after  three  years  and  four 
months,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  resigned  as  colonel 
of  the  14th  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry.  He  commanded 
a  division  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  and  was  made, 
subscquetitly,  brevet  brigadier-general  for  "  gallant 
and  meritorious  service  during  the  war."  The 
struggle  having  closed,  Gen.  Morgan  decided  to 
enter  upon  study  for  the  ministry,  and  graduated 
at  Rochester  in  1808.  His  first  service  was  as 
secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Union  for  Min- 
isterial Kducation.  At  the  end  of  three  years  he 
resigned  this  position,  and,  removing  to  Nebraska, 
served  in  that  State  as  pastor  for  one  year,  and 
two  years  as  president  of  the  Nebraska  State  Nor- 
mal School,  being  complimented,  in  1874,  with  an 
appointment  by  President  Grant  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Visitors  at  West  Point.  In  Septem- 
ber of  the  year  last  named  he  entered  upon  his 
duties  as  professor  in  the  theological  seminary  at 
Chicago,  holding,  first,  the  chair  of  Homilctics, 
and  at  present  that  of  Chundi  Hi.story.  In  the 
vear  1879  Dr.  Morgan  spent  four  montlis  in  study 
at  the  University  of  Leipsic,  Germany,  and  in  the 
year  1880  five  months  in  European   travel  and  in 


T.  J.    MOUCAN,   11. D. 


the  prosecution  of  historical  studies.  To  his  fine 
scholarly  attainments  and  ability  as  a  teacher  Dr. 
Morgan  adds  the  talent  of  a  "  ready  writer,"  and 


MORGAN 


816 


MUIililS 


has  contributed  largely  and  most  acceptably  to  the 
denominational  press. 

Morgan,  Rev.  William  D.,  was  born  in  Wales; 
educated  at  I'otitvpool  College:  came  to  America, 
and  was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister  in  Plymouth, 
Pa.;  settled  in  Chester,  Conn.,  in  ISV.i,  and  with 
the  Third  B.aptist  church  in  North  Stonington, 
Conn.,  in  the  spring  of  1877  ;  here  he  was  thrown 
from  a  carriage  and  instantly  kille<l,  May  7,  1878, 
aged  tliirty-f 'ur  years. 

Morrill,  Rev.  Abner,  A.M.,  s  jn  of  Deacon 
John  Adams  and  Mary  McDonald  Morrill,  was 
born  in  Limerick,  Me.,  Aug.  18,  1827;  was  con- 
verted while  a  student  in  college,  and,  though  edu- 
cated a  Pedobaptist,  united  with  the  Main  Street 
Baptist  church  in  Brunswick,  Me.  To  this  step  he 
was  led  by  a  careful  study  of  (jod's  Word,  over- 
coming much  opposition.  He  grjiduated  from 
Bowdoin  College  in  18.50.  lie  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Mathematics  and  Xatural  .Sciences  in  Mid- 
bury  Academy  the  same  year.  In  18.52  he  became 
tutor  in  the  West  Tennessee  College,  Jackson, 
Tenn.  After  spending  several  years  in  teaching 
in  connection  with  various  institutions  in  the 
South,  he  returned  to  Maine  in  18.59,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Farmington.  He 
was  afterwards  pastor  at  Turner  and  Mechanic 
Falls.  In  186.5  he  came  to  New  York,  and  has 
been  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Warsaw  and  Arcade. 
He  is  now  settled  in  Painted  Post.  He  is  a  faith- 
ful minister,  a  good  preacher,  and  a  noble-minded 
citizen. 

Morrill,  Rev.  D.  T.,  the  present  { 1880)  pastor 
of  the  Upper  Alton  Baptist  church.  III.,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1825,  in  Danville,  Caledonia  Co.,  N.  Y. 
When  he  was  about  three  years  of  age  the  family 
removed  to  Potsdam,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  in  the 
same  State.  His  preparation  for  college  he  received 
at  the  St.  Lawrence  Academy,  in  Pot.sdam.  In 
September,  1847,  he  entered  Union  College,  in- 
tending at  first  to  take  an  eclectic  course,  but 
changed  his  plans  subsequently,  entering  the  Ju- 
nior class,  and'graduating  in  1849.  His  conversion 
took  place  while  in  college,  without  apparent  special 
human  agency,  and  partly  in  connection  with  a 
struggle  against  doubts  even  of  the  truth  of  the 
Christian  religion.  Earneststudy  of  the  evidences, 
accompanied  by  manifest  strivings  of  the  Spirit, 
ended  not  only  in  entire  acceptance  of  the  Christi.in 
system,  but  also  of  Christ  as  a  personal  Saviour. 
Deciding  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  took  his  theo- 
logical course  at  Rochester,  entering  the  seminary 
in  1851  and  graduating  in  18.5.3.  The  interval  of 
time  since  leaving  college  and  before  entering  the 
seminary  had  been  spent  in  teaching  in  Rahw.iv. 
N.  J.,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  W.  II. 
Wines.  Mr.  Morrill's  desire  had  been  towards  for- 
eign missionary   work,  but  a  field   of  missionary 


labor  opening  to  him  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  he  decided 
to  enter  it.  The  mission  so  undert.aken  in  that  city 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  Fifth  Baptist 
church,  in  March,  18.55.  This  church  he  served  as 
pastor  fourteen  years.  The  church  grew  into  a 
strong  one,  built  a  meeting-house  and  parsonage, 
and  took  its  place  among  the  vigorous  and  efficient 
churches  of  the  city  and  State.  In  1809  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Fourth  Baptist  church,  St.  Louis,  con- 
tinuing there  six  years,  until  1874.  Two  hundred 
accessions  by  baptism  were  fruits  of  this  ministry. 
A  year  and  a  half  as  pastor  of  Park  Avenue  church 
and  superintendent  of  missions  in  St.  Louis  Asso- 
ciation, and  nearly  a  year  in  the  service  of  the  Pub- 
lication Society  as  district  secretary,  brings  the 
record  to  1876,  when  Mr.  Morrill  accepted  the  call 
of  the  Upper  Alton  Baptist  church,  a  field  made  es- 
pecially interesting  by  the  close  relations  into  which 
the  pastor  of  that  church  is  necessarily  brought 
with  the  students  and  faculty  of  Shurtleff  College. 

Morrill,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Amesbury. 
Ma.ss.,  Aug.  16,  1791.  Until  he  was  about  forty 
years  of  age  he  was  in  secular  business.  Im- 
pressed that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel, 
he  received  from  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Lowell  a  license,  and  was  ordained  as  an  evan- 
gelist at  Waterville,  Me.,  Oct.  25,  1832.  He  de- 
voted himself  with  great  zeal  and  energy  to  the 
work  for  which  he  had  thus  been  set  apart,  and 
his  preaching  wa.s  accompanied  by  the  conversion 
of  souls.  His  successive  pastorates  were  with 
churches  in  Augusta,  Sidney,  Freeport,  Wiscasset, 
and  Corinth,  in  Maine,  Manchester,  N.  II.,  and 
Somerset,  Mass.  For  four  years  he  was  in  the 
service  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety.    He  died  at  Taunton,  Aug.  22,  18.58. 

Morris,  C.  L.,  D.D.,  of  Toledo,  0.,  was  bom  in 
North  Wales,  June  6,  1839.  His  parents,  who 
were  Calvinistic  Methodists,  removed  to  America  in 
1840,  and  settled  in  Ohio  in  1841.  In  his  eleventh 
year  he  united  with  a  Presbyterian  church,  but 
in  1860,  through  independent  investigation  of 
God's  Word,  he  became  a  Baptist,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Urbana,  O.  In  1859  he  be- 
came a  public  school  teacher,  and  followed  that 
calling  for  three  years,  when  he  gave  himself  en- 
tirely to  preaching,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- , 
tist  church  at  Fairfield.  0.  After  remaining  here 
a  little  while,  he  took  a  selected  course  of  study  in 
the  university  and  a  full  course  in  the  theological 
seminary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  graduating  in  1867. 
Shortly  after  graduation  he  became  pastor  of  the 
First  church,  Toledo,  O.,  where  he  still  remains, 
the  oldest  pastor  in  the  continuous  service  of  one 
church  in  Ohio. 

Dr.  Morris  is  a  scholarly  and  strong  preacher, 
and  makes  himself  felt  not  only  in  the  growing 
city  of  Toledo,  but  throughout  the  State.     He  re- 


MOliJilS 


817 


MORSE 


ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Chiciii;o,  III.,  in 
1879. 

Morris,  Rev.  Joshua,  a  celelirated  pioneer  Bap- 
tist ])rei;cl)er  of  Kentuekj',  was  horn  in  James  City 
Co.,  Va.,  about  17.50.  He  was  baptized  by  Elijah 
Baiter  about  1773.  lie  preached  for  a  time  in  the 
country,  and  subsequently  in  Richmond,  where  he 
formed  tlie  first  Baptist  church  in  that  city,  in  June, 
17S0.  Of  tliis  church  he  became  pastor,  and  min- 
istered to  it  about  seven  years.  In  1788  lie  removed 
to  Kentucliy,  and  became  the  pastor  of  Brasliear's 
Creek  church,  in  Shelby  County.  Besides  minis- 
tering to  this  body  about  ten  years,  he  constituted 
several  churches  in  the  regions  around  him.  In 
1798  he  located  in  what  is  now  Carroll  County,  and 
established  Ghent  church,  and  two  years  afterwards 
he  removed  to  Nelson  County,  where  he  ministered 
to  Cedar  Creek  and  Mill  Creek  churches,  and 
formed  one  or  two  new  churches.  lie  was  a  man 
of  high  respectability,  and  was  emini'iitly  useful. 
He  died  about  1837. 

Morris,  Rev.  William  La  Rue,  was  of  Irish 
extraction,  and  was  born  in  lianlin  Co..  Ky.,  Jan. 
10,  1821.  He  was  educated  as  a  lawyer,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  llodg- 
ensville,  Ky.  He  was  a  fine  speaker,  and  a  young 
man  of  strict  honesty  and  integrity,  and  readily 
gained  a  good  patronage.  At  this  period  his  con- 
science was  deeply  impressed  with  a  call  from  God 
to  preach  the  gospel.  To  this  conviction  he  finally 
yielded,  and  having  joined  a  Baptist  church  while 
he  was  a  law  student,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  cluircli  at  Ilodgensville  in  January,  18ol. 
He  was  remarkably  aotive  and  zealous  in  his  holy 
calling,  and  his  improvement  w,a.s  sueli  that  he 
soon  became  one  of  the  most  eloquent  preachers 
in  the  Kentucky  pulpit.  In  18G0  he  was  appointed 
by  the  board  of  the  General  Association,  general 
evangelist  for  the  State.     He  died  June  13,  1807. 

Morrison,  Jud^e  A.  W.,  w-as  born  in  Jessamine 
Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  2.'),  1802  ;  removed  to  .Missouri  and 
settled  with  his  motlier  and  family  in  Howard 
County,  his  father  having  died  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  liberally  educated.  His  known  ability  and 
integrity  commended  him  to  the  people  of  his 
county  for  almost  every  office  at  their  disposal.  He 
was  for  four  years  receiver  of  tlie  United  States 
land-dllicc  for  Misscjuri,  under  appointment  of 
President  James  K.  Polk.  In  18yl  he  was  ap- 
pointed State  treasurer  by  Gov.  King  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  Peter  G.  Glover. 
So  thorough  was  his  efficiency  in  this  department, 
and  so  great  his  personal  popularity,  that  he  was 
elected  by  the  people  for  three  succeeding  terms  to 
the  same  office.  He  was  the  incumbent  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  and  Gov.  Gamble 
insisted  on  his  holding  the  position,  but  this  he 
declined,  refusing  to  take  the  "  test  oath." 


Judge  Morrison's  .incestry  were  of  the  highest 
respectability  in  Wales,  and  afterwards  in  Virginia 
and  Kentucky.  He  still  lives  on  a  beautiful  and 
valuable  estate  in  Howard  Co.,  Mo. 

In  1873  the  judge  made  a  profession  of  faith  in 
Christ,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Glasgow,  in  Howard  County.  His  integrity  as  a 
man  and  citizen  has  marked  his  course  as  a  Chris- 
tian. He  is  intelligently  active  in  every  good 
work,  a  strong  friend  of  his  p.astors,  a  liberal  helper 
in  missions  and  Christian  education,  and  he  is  a 
member  of  several  denominational  boards.  He  is 
remarkably  active  in  mind  and  body,  and  still 
wields  a  mighty  influence  in  public  matters. 

Morrow,  Rev.  Orson  Holland,  a  popular,  use- 
ful, and  much  esteemed  minister  (if  Bethel  Asso- 
ciation, was  born  in  Rutherford  Co.,  N.  C,  Nov. 
10,  1800.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  what  is 
now  Simpson  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1807,  where  he  still 
lives.  He  was  baptized  in  1827,  licensed  to  preach 
a  few  months  later,  and  ordained  in  1833.  He  be- 
came a  close  Bible  student,  and  was  very  thorough 
in  his  researches.  He  has  been  pastor  of  four 
churches  most  of  the  time  since  his  ordination, 
until  the  feebleness  of  old  age  rendered  him  inca- 
pable of  the  work.  He  has  performed  a  great 
amount  of  missionary  labm-,  and  has  organized  a 
number  of  new  churches. 

His  pastorates  have  been  Pleasant  Grove,  Union, 
Warren  Co.,  and  Sulphur  Spring,  Simpson  Co. 
During  his  long  and  faithful  service  he  has  been 
the  means  of  the  conversion  of  large  numbers  of 
souls,  eighteen  of  whom  are  known  to  have  become 
active  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Mr.  Morrow  has 
been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  periodical  press. 

Morse,  Rev.  Asahel,  son  of  Rev.  Joshua  and 
Susannah  (Baljcock)  Morse,  was  burn  in  Montville, 
Conn.,  Nov.  10,  I77I :  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Landisfield,  Mass.,  in  1779;  was  a  lover  of  good 
books  and  an  apt  scholar:  taught  schools  with  suc- 
cess; was  converted  in  1798;  was  baptized  Nov.  9 
of  that  year,  by  Rev.  Rufus  Babcock,  of  Colebrook, 
Conn.;  licensed  to  preach  in  the  spring  of  1799; 
removed  to  Winsted,  Conn.,  in  1800,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  May,  1801  ;  traveled  and  preached  in 
almost  every  town  in  Connecticut;  settled  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Stratfield,  Conn.,  in  1803,  and 
remained  more  than  nine  years,  preaching  most  of 
the  time  six  sermons  a  week  ;  meanwhile  he  made  a 
missionary  tour,  by  appointment  of  the  Shaftesbury 
Association,  into  Upper  Canada,  and  attended  fifty- 
four  meetings;  in  1812  settled  in  Suffield,  Conn., 
as  successor  to  Rev.  John  Hastings;  in  1818  was  a 
member  of  the  State  convention  to  frame  a  new 
State  constitution,  ami  penned  for  it  the  article  on 
religious  liberty, — a  marked  event  in  the  State's 
history ;  was  a  man  of  great  power,  and  a  typical 
Baptist ;  in  1820  went  to  Philadelphia  as  delegate 


Mount: 


818 


MOSS 


from  the  Connecticut  Baptist  Missionary  Board  to 
the  Baptist  General  Convention  :  for  a  time  sup- 
plieJ  a  church  in  Colehrook,  and  in  1S32  became 
pastor  of  tlie  .Second  Baptist  church  in  that  town  ; 
returned  to  Suflield  in  1830,  wliere  he  died  June  10, 
1838,  in  his  sixty-seventh  year.  lie  married,  Aug. 
24,  1795,  Rachel  Chapel,  of  New  Marlborough, 
Mass.,  and  had  eight  children, — all  sons.  His  was 
u  noble  life. 

Morse,  Rev.  John  Chipman,  was  born  in  An- 
napolis Co.,  Nova  Scotia;  converted  an<l  baptized 
when  a  youth ;  ordained  pastor  over  the  I'igby 
Neck  church  March  31,  1842,  and  continues  still 
in  that  happy  relation.  Mr.  Morse  is  a  deep  and 
enthusiastic  student  of  the  Bible  and  of  nature,  and 
a  very  useful  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

Morse,  Rev.  Joshua,  was  born  in  South  Kings- 
ton, K.  1.,  April  10,  172(3;  was  converted  under 
the  preaching  of  Whitefield  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
and  commenced  preaching  the  next  year  as  an  itin- 
erant; gathered  a  church  in  Montville.  Conn.,  where 
be  was  ordained  May  17,  17.31  ;  for  aiding  the  New 
Lights  and  preaching  Baptist  doctrines  in  North 
Stonington,  he  was  opposed,  arrested,  and  abused  ; 
the  distresses  of  the  Revolution  on  the  coast  occa- 
sioned his  removal  to  Landisfield,  Mass.,  in  1779, 
where  he  gathered  a  church  that  he  lived  to  see 
enrol  a  humlred  members.  lie  was  an  able,  zeal- 
ous, and  faithful  minister.  He  died  in  17'.).3,  in  his 
seventieth  year. 

Morse,  Rev.  Levi,  was  born  in  Jefferson,  Scho- 
harie Co.,  N.  y.,  Aug.  23,  1817  ;  was  born  again, 
as  he  trusts,  in  December,  I83.i;  baptized  into  the 
Jefferson  Baptist  church  in  1838  ;  commenced  his 
studies  preparatory  to  the  ministry  at  .leffer.son 
Academy  in  1839,  and  graduated  from  Madison 
University  in  1844;  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Athens,  Pa.,  Sept.  8,  1844,  the  church 
liaving  been  raised  up  under  his  labors  previously, 
during  one  of  his  vacations;  remained  as  pastor 
five  years,  leaving  a  united  church,  with  112  mem- 
bers and  a  convenient  house  of  worship.  lie  has 
since  been  pastor  at  Franklin  and  Deposit,  N.  Y., 
of  the  North  Baptist  church  of  Newark,  and  at 
Newton  and  Pittsgrove,  N.  J.,  at  Unionville,  tlie 
Orange  Baptist  church,  and  the  Kranklindale  Bap- 
tist church,  New  York,  and  he  is  now  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  of  Burlingame,  Kansas.  His  settle- 
ments have  all  been  pleasant  and  prosperous. 

During  the  thirty-seven  years  of  his  ministry  he 
has  baptized  into  the  churches  he  has  served  about 
800  converts.  In  his  sixty-fourth  year,  he  is  still 
able  to  undertake  as  much  public  speaking  as  at 
any  previous  period  of  his  history. 

Morse,  Rev.  Samuel  B.,  is  one  of  the  most 
successful  and  beloved  pastors  in  California.  He 
was  born  Oct.  26,  1834,  in  Fayette,  Me. ;  was  bap- 
tized when  scarcely  twelve  years  old,  by  Rev.  John 


Butler.  He  graduated  at  Colby  University  and  at 
Newton.  Having  special  gifts  for  teaching,  he  en- 
gaged in  that  work  for  a  time  in  Kentucky  and  at 
Vacaville,  Cal..  the  seat  of  the  Baptist  College  in 
that  State,  while  it  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Meth- 
odists. He  returned  East  for  some  years,  and  was 
ordained  at  Newton  in  August,  1869.  Coming 
back  to  California,  he  became  pastor  at  Stockton 
nine  years,  and  was  remarkably  blessed  in  his 
work.  While  pastor  there  he  nmde  the  tour  of 
Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and  gathered  mate- 
rials for  several  instructive  lectures  on  the  Holy 
Land,  and  has  given  them  over  one  hundred  times 
with  ever-Increasing  favor.  Feb.  1,  1878,  he  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  Brooklyn  church,  which 
up  to  that  time  was  greatly  discouraged.  His  un- 
usual pastoral  gifts  and  spiritual  powerasa  preacher 
have  made  the  church  one  of  the  best  in  California. 
lie  occupies  a  conspicuous  position  on  missionary 
and  college  boards,  and  as  moderator  of  the  San 
Francisco  Association  and  presiding  officer  at  other 
puldic  meetings  be  shows  fine  executive  ability. 

Morton,  Rev.  Salmon,  was  born  in  Athol, 
Mass.,  May  11,  1767.  He  was  convicted  of  sin  in 
his  sixteenth  year,  and  invested  with  justifying 
faith  several  years  later.  He  was  baptized  at 
Madison,  N.  Y.,  in  1799,  and  he  was  ordained  in 
June,  1802,  as  pastoi-  of  the  Madison  church,  for 
which  he  labored  for  eleven  years.  In  1816  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  in  Marcellus,  Onondaga 
Co.,  but  he  resigned  in  1818  to  preach  as  a  home 
missionary.  He  died  at  Marcellus,  Jan.  22,  1822. 
By  the  people  among  whom  his  ministry  was  exer- 
cised he  was  regarded  as  a  great  preacher.  His  use- 
fulness was  very  extensive,  and  his  Christian  worth 
was  of  a  high  order. 

Moss,  Lemuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Owen  Co., 
Ky.,  Dec.  27,  1829.  His  father,  Demas  Moss, 
was  well  known  among  the  pioneer  Baptists  of 
Southern  Indiana  as  a  man  of  unusually  strong 
luitive  powers.  His  mother  was  a  woirian  of  fer- 
vent piety  as  well  as  mental  energy.  He  came 
with  his  parents  to  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1833. 
He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and 
joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Jlilan.  When  he 
was  fourteen  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Lawrence- 
hui-f/  Rii/isUr.  He  spent  nine  years  in  printing, 
part  of  the  time  as  foreman  of  a  stereotyping  es- 
tablishment. AVhile  yet  a  youth  his  meinbership 
was  removed  to  the  First  Baptist  church,  Cincin- 
nati, where  his  prayer-meeting  talks  and  other 
earnest  religious  services  led  his  brethren  to  think 
that  he  ought  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. As  this  persuasion  accorded  with  bis  own 
convictions  he  decided  to  give  himself  to  the  Master 
as  a  minister.  lie  entered  Rochester  University, 
N.  Y.,  in  1853.  The  select  course  marked  out  for 
him  by  President  Anderson  was  abandoned  after  a 


MO.SS 


819 


Morr 


year's  prepuratoi-y  work,  and  he  enterpj  upon  the  i 
full  course.     He  graduated  in  1858,  and  two  years  ■ 
later   f^raduatt'd   in    Roclinster    Theolo;;ical    Semi-  J 
nary,  under  President  Kcibinson.     As  a  student  he 
was  always  remarkably  diligent,  and  won  and  held 
the  confidence  of  his  teachers  and  fellow-students. 
He  was  awarde<l  all  the  honors  of  the  class.     His 
higli  moral  tone  and  strict  integrity  wen;  charac- 
teristic during  his  whole  course  of  study,  as   they 
have  been  ever  sin<;e.     He  l)egan  preacliing  during 
his  Sophomore  year,  and  soon  exhibited  rare  power 
as  a  public  speaker. 

Immediately  upon  his  graduation  from  the  semi- 
nary he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Worcester,  Mass.  In  1808  his 
alma  mater  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Dne- 
tiir  of  Divinity.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
United  States  Christian  Commission  by  Mr.  George 
II.  Stuart  and  others,  in  1864,  he  was  chosen  its  home 
secretary,  and  charged  with  the  responsilile  duty 
of  inter(!stiiig  the  people  of  the  North  in  the  work 
of  the  Commission.  By  request  of  the  CoTumission 
he  wrote  and  published  '"  Annals  of  the  United 
States  Christian  Commission," — a  book  full  of  in- 
teresting facts  and  inferences,  and  the  only  authen- 
tic record  of  the  doings  of  the  Commission.  The 
work  has  received  the  highest  praise.  In  186.'")  he 
accepted  the  chair  of  Systematic  Tlieology  in  the 
University  of  Lewisburg,  I'a.,  and,  after  three  years' 
service,  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  editor  of 
the  National  Baptist,  the  organ  of  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  His  editorship  was  a 
marked  success.  After  four  years  he  resigned  tliis 
work  to  accept  the  chair  of  New  Testament  In- 
terpretation in  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  Pa. 
While  occupying  this  position  he  came  to  Indiana, 
and  was  the  principal  lecturer  for  a  State  mini.s- 
tets'  institute.  During  the  course  it  was  very  man- 
ifest that  he  was  able  to  answer  difficult  questions 
in  both  systematic  theology  and  exegesis. 

In  tlie  National  Baptist  Educational  Convention, 
held  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  IS70,  he  presented  a 
paper  on  "The  Organization  of  our  Educational 
Work."  He  has  also  written  for  the  liaptixt 
Quarterh)  two  articles, — one  on  "  Our  Schools  and 
Foreign  Missions,"  the  other  on  "The  Final  Condi- 
tion of  the  Unregonerate."  In  1876  he  edited  a  book 
entitled  "  Baptists  and  the  National  Centenary," 
a  book  of  vast  value  to  those  who  would  know  the 
origin  and  progress  of  the  various  enterprises  taken 
up  and  carried  forward  by  the  denomination. 

In  187.')  he  was  elected  president  of  Chicago  Uni- 
versity, 111.  In  1876  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Indiana  State  University,  and  he  is  still  carry- 
ing forward  its  work  with  a  vigor  and  wisdom  that 
give  great  promise  for  the  future  of  the  university. 
He  was  in  1879  made  president  of  the  Indiana  State 
College  Association. 


He  is  a  clear  thinker,  a  genial  friend,  an  inspiring 
teacher,  and  a  puljlic  speaker  of  rare  power. 

Mother-Churches  among  American  Bap- 
tists, Some. —  fhe  First  ehunli  i.f  Providence, 
R.  I.,  is  regarded  by  the  majority  of  Baptists  as 
the  oldest  church  of  our  denomination  in  America. 
That  venerable  community  has  been  the  mother  of 
many  churches.  The  First  church  of  Newport.  It. 
I.,  with  John  Clarke,  the  sturdy  old  Calvinist,  an<i 
tiic  enlightened  statesman,  as  its  founder,  has  been 
the  motlier  of  a  goodly  family  of  churches.  Apart 
from  New  England  successes,  from  it  Thomas 
Dungan  came  to  Penn.sylvania,  who  formed  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  that  State ;  and  by  him 
Elias  Keach  was  encouraged  to  trust  Christ  when 
convicted  of  sin  and  baptized,  and  by  his  church  he 
was  ordained.  Mr.  Keach  founded  the  Pcnnepek 
church,  the  oldest  church  now  existing  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  which  the  First  church  of  Philadelphia 
was  a  branch,  and  also  sotne  of  the  oldest  churches 
in  New  Jersey,  the  communities  that  organized  the 
Philadelphia  Association.  What  these  churches 
have  done  for  the  States  in  which  they  are  located, 
and  through  communities  springing  from  them,  as 
well  as  directly  in  several  other  States,  only  the 
students  of  Baptist  history  know.  The  church  at 
Swanzey,  Mass.,  was  constituted  by  John  Miles  in 
1603.  When  he  and  his  AV'elsh  brethren  came  to 
New  England  they  brouglit  their  church  records 
with  them.  Their  American  community  was  a 
church  like  the  First  Newport,  with  no  dependence 
upon  the  First  church  of  Providence.  The  Welsh 
Tract  church,  in  Delaware,  was  formed  in  Wales 
in  the  spring  of  1701.  Thomas  Griffith  was  the 
first  pastor,  and  he  emigrated  with  the  church  to 
Pennepek,  Pa.,  and  subsequently  removed  with  it 
to  Welsh  Tract,  Del.,  where  the  church  prospered, 
and  exerted  an  extensive  influence  in  favor  of  truth 
and  righteousness.  These  were  the  most  noted  of 
the  mother-churches  that  came  into  existence  in 
America  independenthj  (if  carh  nther. 

It  should  be  remarked  that  the  First  church  of 
Providence  was  not  the  mother  of  any  of  the 
churches  named  ;  that  the  First  church  of  New- 
port had  some  connection  with  the  Pennepek  church 
through  Thomas  Dungan,  but  no  similar  relation- 
ship with  any  of  the  others,  and  that  the  Swanzey 
and  Welsh  Tract  churches  had  a  European  exist- 
ence before  they  came  to  America.  A  sketch  of 
all  the  great  mother-churches  of  America  would 
be  of  unspeakable  interest,  but  in  this  article  we 
can  only  notice  those  already  mentioned. 

Mott,  Judge  Frederick,  was  bom  near  Mont- 
rose. Susqiieliauna  Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  14,  1828.  Long- 
ing for  an  education  beyond  that  afforded  by  com- 
mon schools  or  the  neighboring  academy,  he  entered 
Brown  University,from  which  he  graduated  in  1851. 
He  was  principal  of  Derby  Academy,  A't.,  for  three 


MOUNT  CAliliULL 


820 


Morxr  prj:ASANT 


years,  reading  law  at  the  same  time,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  Vermont.  In  1854  he  took 
charge  of  a  union  school  in  Upper  Sandusky,  O., 
■where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then  came  to 
Iowa,  located  at  Winterset,  Madison  Co.,  and  im- 
mediately commenced  the  practice  of  law.  In 
•September,  1862,  entered  the  army,  and  was  made 
udjutant  of  the  39tli  Iowa  Infantry  in  1803,  and 
was  commissioned  by  President  Lincoln  as  assistant 
udjutant-general  in  1864,  serving  as  such  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Returning  home  in  August, 
1865,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  district  of 
Iowa,  serving  the  full  term  of  four  years.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1870,  was  elected  president  of  the  Iowa  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  re-elected  to  that  position 
at  each  of  the  three  succeeding  annual  meetings. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  to  the  professorship  of 
Pleading  and  Practice  in  the  law  department  of 
the  State  University,  which  position  he  held  for 
two  years,  and  resigned  to  accept  the  presidency 
of  the  University  of  Des  Moines.  At  the  close  of 
the  centennial  year,  his  health  failing  him,  he  re- 
signed his  position,  and  returned  to  his  former 
home  at  Winterset,  where  he  now  resides,  en- 
gaged in  his  profession.  lie  was  a  Baptist  from 
his  youth  up,  and  has  always  been  a  persistent 
worker  in  the  cliurch  and  Sabbath-school.  While 
devoted  to  his  own  cliurch  and  the  general  work 
of  his  own  denomination,  he  is  deeply  interested  in 
every  good  cause,  and  is  regarded  by  the  commu- 
nity in  which  he  has  so  long  lived  as  an  earnest 
Christian  worker  and  a  public-spirited  and  in- 
valuable citizen. 

Mount  Carroll  Seminary,  now  excbisively  for 

young  ladies,  is  located  at  Mouut  Carroll,  in  Car- 
roll Co.,  111.  It  was  founded  in  1853,  by  Miss  F. 
A.  Wood  and  Miss  C.  M.  Gregory,  graduates  of  the 
Normal  School  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  Beginning  with 
11  pupils,  the  school  has  grown  to  an  average  yearly 
attendance  of  nearly  200.  In  1878  Miss  Gregory's 
connection  with  the  institution  ceased,  and  it  has 
since  remained  under  the  principalship  of  her  .isso- 
ciate,  now  Mrs.  F.  A.  W.  Sheiner,  with  whom  Miss 
C.  A.  Jay  is  at  present  associated.  The  school, 
■which  opened  in  a  small  and  inconvenient  room, 
is  now  accommodated  with  extensive  buildings, 
three  separate  additions  having  been  made  to  that 
•which  the  principals  erected,  in  the  early  history 
of  the  seminary,  upon  the  delightful  and  healthful 
site  still  occupied.  The  grounds  are  very  extensive, 
consisting  of  twenty-five  acres,  and  are  laid  out  in 
orcliards,  gardens,  vineyards,  botanical  garden, 
conservatory,  with  a  great  variety  of  shade  and 
ornamental  trees.  The  department  of  instruction 
consists  of  a  preparatory,  a  regular  four  years',  and 
a  normal  course.  The  seminary  is  incorporated  by 
charter,  with  full  college  power  to  confer  degrees. 


It  is  proper  lu  say  that  this  institution  has  been 
founded  and  built  up  entirely  by  private  enterprise. 
Superior  executive  ability  has  characterized  its  ad- 
ministration from  the  beginning.  It  has  grown  sim- 
ply through  the  public  appreciation  of  its  merits,  no 
agents  having  been  at  any  time  employed,  either 
to  solicit  pupils  or  to  raise  funds.  Apart  from  the 
five  acres  of  ground  on  which  the  buildings  stand, 
with  the  sum  of  81000  given  at  tlie  foundation  of 
the  school,  no  aid  from  either  private  or  public 
funds  has  been  received.  It  is  gratifying  to  have 
this  example  of  a  school  built  up  simply  through 
the  good  management  of  those  in  charge,  with  the 
appreciative  patronage  of  a  discerning  public. 

Mount  Lebanon  Female  College,  Mount 
Lebanon,  La. — Simultaneously  with  the  movement 
to  establish  Mount  Lebanon  University  the  Mount 
Lebanon  Female  College  was  organized,  and  the 
accomplished  wife  of  Rev.  Hanson  Lee  became 
principal.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  there  were 
over  100  young  ladies  in  attendance.  Mrs.  Lee 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  John  Q.  Prescott,  and  upon 
the  suspension  of  the  university  Dr.  Crane  became 
principal.  Finally  the  buildings  were  sold  to  the 
State  for  a  laboratory,  where  medicines  were  manu- 
factured, under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Egan.  About 
the  close  of  the  war  an  effort  was  made  by  Mr. 
Prescott  to  revive  the  school.  The  buildings  were 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1866,  and  no  attempt  has  since 
been  made  to  rebuild. 

Mount  Lebanon  University,  Mount  Lebanon, 
La. — About  1847,  Dr.  B.  Egan  began  to  agitate  the 
question  of  a  school  of  high  grade  at  Mount  Leb- 
anon. His  efforts  resulted  in  the  organization  of 
Mount  Lebanon  University,  which  was  chartered  in 
1854.  A  donation  of  §10,000  was  obtained  from  the 
State,  and  about  $.50,000  raised  in  subscriptions ; 
a  commodious  college  building  and  president's 
house  were  erected,  a  large  boarding-hall  pro- 
vided, and  an  able  faculty  secured.  Rev.  Jesse 
Ilartwell,  D.D.,  accepted  the  presidency,  and  in  a 
short  time  nearly  200  students  were  in  attendance: 
Dr.  Ilartwell  died  in  1859,  and  Rev.  W.  C.  Crane, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  now  president  of  Baylor  University, 
Texas,  was  called  to  the  presidency.  But  in  the 
midst  of  its  prosperity  the  war  began,  and  the 
students  and  faculty  were  dispersed.  Early  in  the 
war  the  endowment  notes  matured,  and  were  paid 
in  Confederate  money,  invested  in  Confederate 
bonds,  and  consequently  lost.  After  the  war  an 
effort  was  made  to  revive  the  institution,  but  after 
a  few  years'  struggle  the  enterprise  was  virtually 
abandoned.  The  academical  department  is  still 
maintained,  but  with  some  irregularity.  The  re- 
vival of  prosperity  in  the  State  has  awakened  a 
new  interest  in  education,  and  the  question  of  re- 
viving the  university  is  receiving  serious  attention. 

Mount   Pleasant    College    was   founded   in 


MOA'OM 


821 


Mi'lU 


Huntsville,  Mo.,  in  1854.  A.  S.  Worrell,  D.D.,  i.s 
tlie  president.  lie  is  an  .idinirable  teacher,  and 
the  institution  is  rapidly  advancing.  It  is  for  both 
sexes  ;  13S  were  matriculated  last  year.  The  in- 
struction includes  all,  between  the  lowest  primary 
and  a  full  college  course. 

The  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  are  conferred,  ac- 
cording to  the  scholarship  of  the  candidates.  The 
students  are  pledged  to  temperance  and  good  con- 
duct. This  college  is  in  Randolph  County,  in  a 
fine  portion  of  the  State,  and  it  is  doing  a  needed 
and  noble  worlj.  j 


church,  Cleveland,  0.,  where  he  still  remains.  lo 
June,  1879,  was  gniduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B. 
from  tlie  University  of  Rochester.  lla.s  published 
sermons  and  reviews,  and  he  is  regarded  as  a  young 
man  ul"  iri"<*at  cn<*ri:v  and  promise. 

Mttir,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
February,  1829.  His  parents  were  Presbyterians, 
and  he  received  a  careful  religious  training  from 
them.  For  several  years  he  devoted  himself  to 
agricultural  pursuits.  When  he  was  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  w!i.s  apprenticed  to  learn  a  trade, 
and  continued  at  the  same  until  I860.     When  he 


MOINT    I'I.f;ASANT    rOLLEGE. 


Moxom,  Rev.  P.  S.,  was  born  in  Palermo, 
Canada,  Aug.  10,  1848.  Removed  when  a  child  to 
Ogle  Co.,  111.  In  January,  1862,  went  out  with 
the  78th  111.  Regiment,  as  page  to  Capt.  Bewley. 
A  few  days  after  the  battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  he  enlisted  in  the  17th  111.  Cav- 
alry, and  served  until  Nov.  28,  KSB.i.  -fan.  1,  1860, 
he  entered  Kalamazoo  College,  Mich.,  where  he  was 
converted  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Battle  Creek  church  by  his  father.  Rev.  J.  II. 
Moxom.  In  the  autumn  of  1868  he  entered  Shurt- 
leff  College,  where  he  remained  until  1870,  when 
he  returned  to  Michigan  to  teach.  In  1871  en- 
gaged in  the  study  of  law,  but  in  a  little  while 
abandoned  that  for  the  ministry.  Ilis  first  settle- 
ment was  at  Bellevue,  Mich.,  where  he  received 
ordination.  In  October,  1872.  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Albion,  Mich.,  and  in  187.5  removed  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  to  pursue  theological  studies. 
During  the  period  of  his  studies  in  Rochester  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Mount  Morris.  Was  called, 
in  November,  1879,  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 


grew  up  to  manhood  he  connected  himself  with 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  although,  as  he  subse- 
quently had  reason  to  believe,  he  knew  nothing  of 
experimental  religion.  In  1852  he  left  his  native 
country  and  came  to  Canada,  taking  up  his  resi- 
dence near  Toronto.  Early  in  the  year  1855  he 
met  with  a  severe  accident,  which  laid  him  aside 
from  labor  for  two  months.  Having  recovered 
measurably  from  its  effects,  he  returned  to  his 
usual  employment.  Two  days  after  recommencing 
work  he  was  cauglit  in  the  machinery,  and  came  to 
all  appearance  within  a  hair's  breadth  of  losing  his 
life.  These  providences  of  God  aroused  his  atten- 
tion, in  connection  with  the  warm  appeals  of  a 
personal  friend,  and  he  became  a  hopeful  Christian. 
In  a  little  more  than  a  year  he  and  his  wife  were 
baptized  and  joined  the  church  at  Cheltenham. 
Here  he  remained  four  years,  when  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach  the  gospel.  At  once  he  went  to 
the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  to  acquire  an  edu- 
cation, in  which  he  spent  three  years,  and  then  was 
ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry.     Hav- 


Ml'LCAIir 


822 


MUNRO 


ing  devoted  seven  years  to  the  pastoral  work,  he 
became,  in  April,  1871.  office  editor  and  business 
manager  of  the  Canadian  Baptist,  the  recognized 
organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  provinces 
of  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Manitoba.  In  lsT4  he 
became  managing  editor,  and  virtually,  proprietor, 
M'liicb  fiusition  be  still  retains. 

Mulcahy,  Rev.  Michael,  was  born  in  Fermoy, 
County  of  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1842.  He  received  a 
good  education  in  Kngland,  where  he  spent  his 
youth  :  in  18f)7  he  emigrated  to  Canada,  was  con- 
verted in  1S69,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  at 
Boston,  where  his  natural  eloquence  and  pleadings 
for  Jesus  led  many  to  believe.  He  prepared  for 
the  ministry  at  Woodstock,  preaching  to  destitute 
churches  while  pursuing  his  studies.  He  was  suc- 
cessively pastor  at  Grand  Blanc,  Canada ;  Ovid, 
Mich. ;  South  Bond,  Ind.  ;  and  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
where  he  was  also  chaplain  of  the  State  senate. 
An  attack  of  hemorrhage  compelled  him  to  seek 
health  in  California.  Reaching  San  Franci.sco, 
Sept.  4,  1873,  he  was  called  to  the  vacant  pulpit  of 
the  First  church.  His  fervid  eloquence  drew  large 
audiences  to  the  churcli,  and  he  was  on  the  eve  of 
an  evident  revival  when  a  return  of  his  old  disease 
brought  him  to  an  early  grave.  He  died  .Jan.  4, 
1874. 

Mulford,  Rev.  Clarence  W.,  was  bom  at  Sa- 
lem, N.  .J.,  .June  8,  1805  ;  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized at  nineteen  ;  studied  at  Prinoeton  for  a  time  ; 
was  ordaineci  pastor  of  the  Baptist  chunh  at  Pem- 
berton.  X.  -J.,  in  November,  1830.  lie  was  five 
years  there,  and  nearly  ten  at  Hightstown.  His 
pastorates  at  Flemington  and  Holmdel  yielded  much 
fruit.  He  was  particularly  blessed  in  leading  souls 
to  Christ.  He  frequently  assisted  neighboring  pas- 
tors. His  voice  had  unusual  power  to  attract  and 
impress.  He  was  one  of  the  early  friends  of  the 
New  Jersey  State  Convention,  was  for  several  years 
its  secretary,  and  its  president  from  1843  to  1849. 
In  the  early  days  of  the  temperance  reformation 
he  stood  almost  ahme,  but  he  was  a  brave  advocate 
in  the  face  of  opposition.  Through  failure  of 
health  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  preaching  for  the 
most  part  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  but  having 
studied  medicine,  he  was  very  useful  in  that  pro- 
fession, at  the  same  time  ministering  to  the  spiritual 
comfort  of  his  patients.  He  died  .June  28,  1864, 
at  Flemington,  N.  -J. 

Mulford,  Hon.  Horatio  J.,  was  born  at  Canton, 
N.  .J.,  -Jan.  It),  Isls.  He  was  trained  to  business, 
and  has  been  engaged  for  many  years  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  own.  and  in  taking  part  in  public 
affairs.  He  was  baptized  at  Bridgeton,  and  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  18.53.  He  was 
elected  deacon  in  1856,  and  still  holds  the  office. 
He  was  for  a  long  time  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school.   He  is  a  member  of  the  university  board 


at  Lewisburg,  a  trustee  of  the  Crozcr  Theological 
Seminary,  and  a  manager  of  the  Baptist  Publica- 
tion Society.  He  is  greatly  interested  in  the  edu- 
cation of  the  ministry  ;  has  been  president  of  the 


HO.N.   II0R.\TIO   J.  Mfl-FORD. 

New  .Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society  since  1857, 
and  still  holds  that  office.  His  earnestness,  execu- 
tive ability,  and  liberality  have  been  particularly 
prominent  in  bringing  the  South  -Jer.sey  Institute  to 
its  present  prosperity.  Mr.  Mulford's  sympathies 
go  far  beyond  the  societies  with  which  he  is  offi- 
cially connected.  Ilis  help  is  relied  upon  by  those 
who  take  tlie  largest  views  of  spreading  the  gospel. 

Mondy,  Rev.  J.  A.,  was  bom  in  Virginia  about 
1835 ;  graduated  at  Richmond  College  in  1858,  and 
was  pastor  of  several  important  churches  in  Vir- 
ginia before  he  removed  to  Xorth  Carolina,  in  1875. 
He  has  been  for  more  than  four  years  pastor  of  the 
Warrenton  church.  Mr.  Mundy  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  finest  preachers  in  the  .State. 

Munro,  Rev.  Andrew  Heber,  was  bom  in  Sur- 
rey, England,  in  1827,  of  Scotch  parents.  lie  was 
chiedy  educated  at  home,  but  went  for  a  time  to  a 
private  institution  in  the  south  of  London,  and 
from  thence  to  the  Normal  College  of  the  British 
and  Foreign  School  Society.  After  a  short  attend- 
ance at  the  college,  he  was  sent  out  by  the  society 
as  one  of  the  teachers  of  a  Model  and  Normal 
School  established  by  the  government  of  New 
Brunswick.  He  afterwards  taught  for  a  time  in 
the  Methodist  College  at  Sackville.  and  subse- 
quently became  Latin  and  mathematical  tutor  in 
the  Baptist  Seminary  at  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 


MUNRO 


823 


MURDOCK 


wick,  where  he  also  read  theology  with  Dr.  Spur- 
den.  While  at  the  seminary  he  began  preaching, 
the  scene  of  his  labors  lieing  the  Welsh  settlement 
of  Cardigan,  nineteen  miles  distant,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  the  consersion  of  a  large  number  of 
persons.  lie  was  ordained  at  Digby,  Nova  Scotia, 
in  Is.")?.  In  1860  he  took  charge  of  the  North  Bap- 
tist church.  IIalifu.x,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  re- 
mained nearly  seven  years.  From  thence  he  went 
to  the  First  church,  Yarmouth.  Nova  Scotia,  and 
after  a  short  pastorate  removed  to  Liverpool,  in  the 
same  province.  In  I.S69  he  accepted  a  cordial  in- 
vitation to  Alexander  Street  church,  Toronto,  Onta- 
rio, where,  during  seven  years,  his  ministry  was 
highly  appreciated  by  the  church  and  community. 
He  then  entered  upon  his  present  charge,  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  church.  Montreal,  and  shortli' 
after  his  settlement  the  church  received  into  its  fel- 
lowship nearly  the  entire  membership  of  the  St. 
Catharine  Street  church.  During  his  ministry  of 
twenty-four  years  he  has  been  permitted  to  see 
several  extensive  revivals  of  religion. 

As  a  public  speaker,  Mr.  Muuro  is  one  of  the 
most  attractive  an<l  popular  men  in  the  Dominion 
of  Canada.  Both  in  the  pulpit  and  on  the  platform 
he  is  at  once  powerful,  graceful,  and  eloquent.  He 
is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  Col- 
lege, and  secretary  of  the  Eastern  Missionary  Con- 
vention and  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  Canada. 

Munro,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1784 :  converted  in  1806  in  Chester.  Nova  Scotia  ; 
baptized  in  New  York  in  1807  ;  returned  to  Nova 
Scotia,  and  commenced  preaching  ■  in  Halifax ; 
evangelized  with  Rev.  Joseph  Crandall,  in  1815,  to 
the  east  of  Halifax  ;  ordained  in  1816.  and  evan- 
gelized on  eastern  shores  of  New  Brunswick,  and 
in  1818  up  the  St.  John  River;  became  pastor  at 
Onslow  in  1819.  and  continued  in  this  relation  un- 
til his  death,  July  3,  1838.  Possessing  a  keen, 
logical  mind,  sterling  integrity,  fervent  piety,  and 
sound  theology,  Mr.  Munro's  ministry  was  highly 
useful. 

Munster,  The  Uproar  at. — See  article  on  An.v- 

B.irTISTS. 

Uiinzer,  Thomas. — .See  article  on  An.ib.\ptists. 

Murch,  William  Harris,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Honiton,  England.  .May  17,  1784.  He  was  en- 
tered as  a  Student  for  the  ministry  at  an  Independ- 
ent college  when  he  was  quite  a  lad.  Here  that 
most  charming  little  book.  Fuller's  "  Life  of  Samuel 
Pearce,"  fell  into  his  hands,  and  led  him  to  abandon 
the  Arian  belief,  in  which  he  had  been  brought 
up,  and  to  embrace  evangelical  truth.  In  May, 
1802,  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Rippon,  at  Carter 
Lane  meetinghouse,  London,  being  then  seventeen. 
He  continued  his  studies  for  two  years  longer,  and 
subsequently  preached  in  several  places  without 
any  stated  charge.     On  John  Foster's  retirement 


from  the  pastorate  of  Sheppard's  Barton  church, 
Frome,  Mr.  Murch  succeeded  him,  having  previ- 
ously supplied  the  pulpit  for  six  months  during 
.Mr.  Foster's  affliction.  He  remained  pastor,  with 
many  evidences  of  usefulness,  for  twenty-one  years, 
when  he  was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  Stepney 
College,  the  Baptist  theological  seminary  in  the 
metropolis.  He  entered  upon  his  work  there  in 
1827.  During  his  presidency  the  interests  of  the 
college  were  diligently  advanced,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  students  prepared  for  the  ministry.  'When 
he  retired  from  this  position,  in  1844,  after  seven- 
teen years'  service,  the  tutors  and  students  of  the 
colleges  at  Bristol,  Bradford,  and  Stepney  combined 
to  do  honor  to  him  for  his  worth  and  usefulness. 
The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Brown  University  during  his  presidential  course. 
He  presided  over  the  church  at  Rickmansworth  for 
a  short  time,  and  rendered  occasional  services  to 
churches  in  and  around  London  until  compelled  by 
illness  to  retire  from  public  employments.  He  died 
at  Bath,  July  12,  1859.  and  was  buried  at  Frome, 
the  scene  of  his  early  labors.  During  his  residence 
in  London  he  identified  himself  with  all  the  literary 
and  religious  institutions  of  the  denomination.  He 
was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  Baptist  Union  from 
1834  to  1846,  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Board  from 
1837  to  1843,  and  gave  his  care  and  interest  to  the 
'■  New  Selection  Hymn-Book"  for  several  years. 
His  end  was  peculiarly  peaceful  and  edifying.  His 
mind  wa.s  unclouded  and  serene  to  the  last.  He 
had  m.ade  diiily  allusion  to  his  approaching  depart- 
ure for  several  months,  and  expressed  himself  as 
ready  and  waiting.  His  hist  words,  an  hour  be- 
fore his  death,  were,  "  Precious  Saviour !  all  is 
right;  precious  .'^aviour  !'' 

Murdock,  John  Nelson,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Os- 
wego, N.  Y.,  Dec.  8,  1820,  and  received  his  early 
religious  education  among  the  Methodists.  His 
devoted  Christian  mother  named  him  after  one  of 
the  co-laborers  of  John  Wesley,  and  her  earnest 
prayer  was  that  he  might  become  a  minister  of  the 
gospel.  He  was  fitted  for  college  by  te.achers  well 
qualified  for  their  work,  one  of  them,  Master  IIo- 
gan,  having  been  educated  at  Oxford  University. 
In  consequence  of  his  father's  death  he  w;is  obliged 
to  give  up  the  idea  of  taking  a  collegiate  course. 
Having  chosen  the  legal  profession  for  his  future 
vocation,  ho  commenced  his  law  studies,  and  while 
engaged  in  them  carried  on  special  courses  of  math- 
ematics and  languages,  iucludiug  French  and  Ger- 
man. Having  completed  his  law  studies,  be  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
became  a  hopeful  Christian,  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church  in  his  native  city.  Not  long 
after  commencing  the  practice  of  his  profession  his 
religious  life  was  greatly  quickened,  and  the  duty 
and  privilege  of  serving  his  Master  in  the  ministry 


MUJWOCK  * 


S24 


MUlil'HY 


of  the  Word  was  so  impressed  upon  him  that  he 
was  licensed  to  preach.  While  snpplying  the  pul- 
pit of  a  Methodist  church  in  Jordan,  N.  Y.,  in  1841, 
his  attention  was  drawn  to  the  suliject  of  baptism, 


JOFIN    NEr.SON    MURDOCK,   D.D. 

and  as  the  result  of  his  invcstii;atious  he  was  bap- 
tized in  1842,  at  Durhamville,  N.  Y.,  by  Rev.  Sey- 
mour W.  Adams,  late  of  Cleveland,  0.  His  ordina- 
tion as  a  Baptist  minister  took  place  at  Waterville, 
N.  Y.,  in  May,  1842,  when  he  was  but  a  few  months 
lieyond  liis  majority.  Here  lie  remained  until  Jan- 
uary, 1840,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Albion,  N.  Y.  In  April,  1848,  he  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  pastor  of  the  South  church,  in  Hart- 
ford, from  which  place  he  was  called  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Bowdoin  Square  church,  Boston,  his 
service  there  comniencinj;  Jan.  1,  1857,  and  con- 
tinuinj;  until  Jan.  1,  1803,  a  period  of  just  six  years. 
In  July  of  this  year  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Missionary  Union,  which  position  he  now  holds. 

Durinj;  a  part  of  the  time  of  Dr.  Murdock's  min- 
istry in  Hartford — i.e.,  185.3-56 — he  was  joint  editor 
with  Rev.  Di-.  II.  Turnl)ull  of  the  Chrhthm  Review. 
The  numlier  of  his  published  .sermons  is  twenty- 
one.  All  of  these  were  called  for  by  the  bodies  be- 
fore which  they  were  delivered.  The  amount  of 
literary  work  which  he  has  done  in  his  extensive 
and  varied  correspondence,  and  in  the  preparation 
of  his  valuable  reports  and  special  papers  in  his 
official  relations  to  the  Missionary  Union,  it  is  im- 
possible to  compute.  Honored  and  beloved  by  the 
denomination  which  he  has  so  lonj;;  and  so  fiiithfully 
served,  Dr.  Murdock  takes  a  high  place  in  the  front 


ranks  of  her  most  worthy  and  distinguished  mem- 
bers. He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Rochester  University  in  1854. 

Murfee,  James  T.,  LL.D.^His  paternal  grand- 
father was  the  Rev.  Simon  Murfee,  a  prominent 
Baptist  minister  of  the  Portsmouth  Association, 
Southampton  Co.,  Va.  His  ancestors  were  a  pious 
people,  and  they  were  Baptists.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Southampton  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  13, 
1833.  Ilis  early  home  surroundings  were  of  the 
best  character.  He  graduated  from  the  Virginia 
Military  Institute  at  Lexington  in  1853,  without  a 
single  demerit  and  with  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class.  Soon  after  graduating  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Sciences  in 
Ma<lison  College.  Thence  called  to  Lynchburg 
College,  where  he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church 
in  1857  ;  was  called  to  tlie  University  of  Alabama 
in  1800  as  Professor  of  Mathematics,  and  became 
commandant  of  cadets  in  that  institution.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  employed  as  architect  to 
design  and  erect  new  buildings  for  the  institution. 
He  then  recommended  "  a  new  scheme  of  university 
organization,''  which  was  adopted  by  the  trustees, 
but  was  defeated  by  State  reconstruction.  He  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Howard  College  to  put 
in  operation  a  plan  which  promised  results  so  long 
felt  as  most  desirable.  The  work  accomplished  at 
Howard  College  since  the  introduction  of  the  sys- 
tem of  college  administration  originated  by  James 
T.  Murfee  bears  testimony  to  the  superiority  of  the 
method  employed.  This  position  he  still  holds  to 
the  universal  satisfaction  of  the  denomination. 

Murphy,  Jolin  R.,  D.D.,  was  bom  Dec.  8,  1820, 
in  Cape  May  Co.,  N.  J.  As  he  approached  man- 
hooil  he  concluded  to  study  law,  but  after  his 
conversion  felt  constrained  to  devote  his  life  to 
the  ministry.  He  was  baptized,  in  1841,  by 
Rev.  J.  H.  Kennard,  D.D.,  and  united  with  the 
Tenth  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia.  He  pursued 
his  studies  for  a  time  at  Branchtown,  Pa.,  and  at 
tlie  old  Gcrmantown  Academy.  He  graduated 
from  Madison  University  in  August,  1849,  and 
was  ordained  in  Philadelphia  in  1849.  From  1850 
to  1852  he  was  pastor  of  the  Greenwich  Baptist 
church,  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J.  From  1853  to  1859 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Marlton  church,  Burlington 
Co.,  N.  .J.  From  1859  to  1872  he  was  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Salem,  N.  J.  During 
these  years  of  labor  in  New  Jersey  he  was  closely 
identified  with  the  Baptist  enterprises  in  the  State. 
During  1804  he  spent  some  time  at  White  House 
and  City  Point,  Va.,  with  the  Union  army,  as  a 
member  of  the  Christian  Commission.  In  1872  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Des  Moines,  in  which  position  he  remained 
till  September,  1879,  sharing  with  his  brethren  in 
Iowa  the  responsibilities  of  the  general  work.     At 


MUliPUY 


825 


MURROW 


present  he  is  residing  near  Winterset,  Iowa,  wait- 
ing for  improved  liealtli  to  resume  pastoral  work. 
During  his  twenty-seven  and  a  half  years  of  minis- 
terial labor  he  has  received  into  the  four  churches 
he  has  served  nearly  lUOO  meiubers,  over  OOU  of 
whom  came  l)y  baptism. 

Murphy,  Rev.  Joseph,  like  his  brother  Wil- 
liam, was  made  a  happy  sutject  of  redeeming 
grace  in  early  life,  and  a  preacher  of  the  blessed 
gospel.  He  and  his  brother  were  sueeriugly  called 
"the  Murphy  boys,"  because  of  their  youth.  .Joseph 
gave  great  diligence  to  hia  education  after  his  con- 
version, that  he  might  be  fully  qualified  to  preach 
the  gospel.  He  had  mental  power,  ready  wit,  and 
fearless  courage,  and  he  ha<l  a  heart  in  which  Clirist 
reigned  supreme.  After  preaching  with  much  suc- 
cess in  his  native  Virginia,  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  Deep  Creek,  Surrey  Co.,  Is'.  C.  In  his 
new  home  he  waa  eminently  useful,  and  soon  be- 
came the  leading  minister  in  the  Yadkin  Associa- 
tion. His  induence  also  had  weight  in  South  Caro- 
lina. He  was  living  in  1SU3,  and  had  passed  his 
eightieth  year,  an  honored  and  hap|iy  Christian. 

Murphy,  Rev.  William,  was  led  to  the  Saviour 
and  baptized  by  the  celebrated  Shubal  Stearns. 
His  talents  were  respectable,  hia  faith  vigorous, 
and  his  zeal  burning.  He  was  the  cliief  instru- 
ment in  leading  Col.  Samuel  Harris  to  Jesus,  and 
he  was  also  favored  in  bringing  a  whole  hiirvest  of 
souls  to  the  same  blessed  Redeemer.  Mr.  Murphy 
had  not  only  a  sound  Christian  experience,  but  his 
doctrines  were  those  of  Calvin,  Augustine,  and 
Paul.  In  the  year  1775,  wlien  the  churches  were 
agitated  by  the  Arminian  controversy,  Mr.  Murphy, 
with  great  ability  and  success,  defended  sovereign 
and  efficacious  grace.  He  went  to  Kentucky  for  a 
permanent  home,  where  he  labored  with  the  divine 
approval  for  a  few  years,  and  tlien  was  transferred 
to  the  church  in  glory. 

Murphy,  Hon.  William  D.,  was  born  in  New 
York,  June  4,  17%;  died  Aug.  26,  1S77.  A  full 
record  of  the  life  of  Mr.  Murphy  would  present  an 
illustration  of  the  success  and  intellectual  develop- 
ment that  so  often  attend  upon  young  men  whose 
hearts  are  influenced  by  correct  religious  princi- 
ples, and  who  are  diligent  in  business.  He  had 
received  an  English  education,  but  with  a  wonder- 
ful memory,  great  power  of  observation,  and  re- 
markable conversational  abilities,  he  was  enabled 
to  make  up  for  any  deficiencies  in  his  earlier  op- 
portunities. His  life  was  one  of  continuous  study 
as  well  as  activity.  He  was  greatly  respected  in 
his  native  city,  and  was  often  called  to  till  im- 
portant trusts.  As  member  of  common  council  in 
1841  and  1842,  and  of  the  board  of  education  for 
several  yeai-s,  he  manifested  great  interest  in  the 
schools,  and  conscientiously  discharged  his  duties. 
In  public  discussions  he  displayed  much  ability, 
53 


and  was  full  of  quiet  wit  and  humor,  and  master 
of  an  audience. 

He  was  hopefully  converteil  in  June,  1813.  and 
joined  the  Mulberry  Street  church.  New  York. 
In  1S28  he  removed  bis  membership  to  the  Oliver 
Street  church,  of  which  ho  was  made  a  trustee,  and 
for  many  years  took  a  deep  interest  in  its  welfare. 
As  a  lay  preacher,  he  often  delighted  in  bringing 
the  consolations  of  the  gospel  before  the  destitute 
in  the  asylums  of  New  York,  and  few  men  were 
more  widely  known  or  more  warmly  welcomed. 
He  enjoyed  a  happy  old  age  in  the  bosom  of  his 
family,  where  he  was  greatly  beloved  by  an  affec- 
tionate Iiousehold.  He  publislied,  as  the  result  of 
the  leisure  of  his  later  years,  a  vulume  entitled 
"The  Advent,  and  other  Poems  and  Hymns."  He 
represented  a  New  York  district  in  the  United 
States  Congress  for  two  vears. 

Murrow,  Rev.  Joseph  Samuel,  a  missionary 
to  the  Choctaw  Indians,  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
sent  out  and  supported  by  the  Reholioth  Baptist 
Association  of  Georgia,  was  born  in  Jefler,son  Co., 
Ga.,  June  7,  18.3.3.  He  became  a  Christian  at  a 
very  early  age,  and  received  academical  instruction 
in  youth.  He  joined  Green  Fork  Baptist  cliurch, 
in  Burke  Co.,  Ga.,  at  nineteen  ;  was  licensed  at 
twenty.  In  185.5,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  entered 
Mercer  University,  where  he  pursued  his  studies 
diligently  until  ordained  and  sent  out  as  a  mission- 
ary to  the  Indian  Territory  in  the  fall  of  18.57.  In 
November  of  that  year  he  began  what  has  proved 
to  be  a  long,  laborious,  and  useful  missionary  life, 
in  which  much  of  hardship  and  suffering  has  been 
mingled  with  great  success  and  joy. 

He  settled  at  North  Fork  town,  and  began  his 
missionary  work  among  the  Creeks,  among  whom 
he  labored  most  assiduously  for  two  years.  He 
then  removed  to  Little  River,  Creek  Nation,  and 
began  a  work  among  the  Scminoles.  In  1861  he 
constituted  the  first  Baptist  church  ever  formed 
among  that  tribe.  During  the  war  the  Seminoles 
selected  him  as  their  agent,  in  tran.sactions  with 
the  government,  to  receive  their  food  and  supplies ; 
and,  as  he  was  cut  ofi'  from  the  Association  which 
sustained  him,  he  was  thus  supported  ;  but  he 
never  forgot  his  character  as  a  missionary,  nor 
ceased  to  maintain  it,  while  performing  his  ofiicial 
duties  to  the  satisfaction  of  both  the  government 
and  tribe.  One  of  the  first  structures  built  always 
was  a  bush  arbor  for  preaching  services.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  and  his  wife  lived  thus  with  the  Sem- 
inoles, during  which  period  he  bajitized  200  of  that 
nation,  and  may  thus  be  considered  the  father  of 
the  mission  work  among  the  Seminoles.  Three- 
fifths  of  the  adults  of  that  nation  are  now  Baptists. 

The  war  closed  in  1865,  and  his  duties  as  Indian 
agent  came  to  an  end.  Being  still  cut  off  from  his 
Association,  be  took  refuge  for  a  year  in  Texas, 


MORSELL 


826 


MUSGROVE 


but  returned  in  1806,  settling  at  Atolia,  Clioctaw 
Nation,  tlie  first  missionary  to  raturn  to  tlie  Indian 
field  after  tlie  war.  He  found  the  Clioctaw  mission 
in  a  very  demoralized  condition,  and  proceeded  at 
once  to  reorganize  the  churches,  in  wliicli  he  was 
very  successful,  constituting  a  large  Association, 
and  putting  the  Sunday-school  work  on  a  healthy 
basis.  The  Baptist  Theological  Schoid,for  train- 
ing teachers  and  preachers,  now  being  established  at 
Tallequah,  Cherokee  Nation,  by  the  Home  Mission 
Society  of  the  North,  is  the  conception  of  his  brain. 
He  has  now  been  a  missionary  among  the  Indians 
for  twenty-four  years,  has  preached  thousands  of 
sermons,  traveled  hundreds  of  thousands  of  miles, 
and  baptized  over  a  thousand  Indians,  yet  there 
is  no  abatement  in  his  desire  to  live  and  labor  for 
the  triumph  of  the  gospel  among  the  red  men  of 
the  West. 

Mursell,  Rev.  James,  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
J.  P.  Mursell,  was  born  at  Leicester,  England,  July 
22,  1829.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  and 
after  two  or  three  years  of  secular  employment,  in 
connection  with  the  great  railway  works  of  Sir 
Morton  Peto,  he  determined  to  give  himself  to  min- 
isterial work,  having  previously  been  baptized  and 
received  into  his  father's  church  at  Leicester.  After 
a  brief  period  of  study  and  tutorial  work  at  Aber- 
deen, he  entered  Bristol  College,  and  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  college  course  he  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  at  Kettering,  as  successor  to 
the  Rev.  William  Robinson,  who  had  recently  re- 
moved to  Cambridge.  For  seventeen  years  Mr. 
Mursell  labored  at  Kettering,  with  a  zeal,  devotion, 
and  power  which  attracted  general  interest  and  en- 
couraged the  highest  expectations.  Few  men  were 
mere  genial  in  manners,  or  had  more  attached 
friends.  A  new  edifice  was  erected  more  worthy 
of  the  denominational  celebrity  of  the  town,  and 
better  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  congregation. 
He  removed  from  Kettering  to  Bradford  in  1870, 
and  after  a  brief  pastorate  there,  settled  at  New- 
castle-on-Tyne  in  1872.  In  the  fullness  of  success- 
ful labors  and  growing  influence  he  died.  May  28, 
187.'>,  in  his  forty-sixth  year. 

Mursell,  Rev.  James  PMlippo,  was  born  at 
Lyiiiington,  England,  in  18IJ0.  His  father,  Rev. 
William  Mursell,  labored  for  many  years  in  that 
town  and  neighborhood  as  a  Baptist  pastor.  Mr. 
James  P.  Mursell  was  educated  at  the  famous 
Baptist  school  conducted  by  the  Rev.  .James  Hinton, 
of  Oxford,  .and  having  given  abundant  evidence  of 
ministerial  gifts  in  village  preaching,  he  was  en- 
tered at  Bristol  College  in  1822.  His  remarkable 
ability  as  a  preacher  procured  him  several  over- 
tures from  pastorless  churches  before  his  course  of 
study  was  completed,  and  in  1825  he  commenced  his 
stated  ministry  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  AVells, 
Somersetshire.     In  1826,  on  the  removal  of  Robert 


Hall  from  Leicester  to  Bristol,  the  attention  of  the 
church  at  Leicester  was  directed  to  Mr.  Mursell, 
and  in  the  following  year  he  entered  upon  his  min- 
istry as  Mr.  Hall's  successor  in  the  pastorate.  For 
nearly  fifty  years  Mr.  Mursell  continued  to  min- 
ister to  the  same  church,  and  he  was  the  recognized 
leader  of  the  denomination  in  the  midland  district. 
In  conjunction  with  Mr.  Edward  Miall  he  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  organizing  the  anti-state- 
church  movement,  in  1843.  He  occupied  the  chair 
of  the  Baptist  Union  in  1864,  and  presided  over  the 
first  of  the  autumnal  assemblies  of  that  body. 
Throughout  his  long  and  honorable  career  Mr. 
Mursell  rendered  valuable  service  to  the  denomi- 
national interests,  particularly  in  connection  with 
the  foreign  missions,  of  which  for  many  years  he 
was  one  of  the  Committee  of  Management. 

Muscatine,  Iowa.— The  Baptist  church  at  this 
place  is  among  the  oldest  churches  of  the  State. 
It  was  constituted  in  1841,  and  has  always  held  a 
good  position  among  the  churches  of  Iowa.  It  has 
a  substantial  meeting-house,  valued  at  $14,000, 
and  202  members. 

Muse,  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Cuthbert,  Ga.,  was 
born  in  Middlesex  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  6,  1810.  His 
grandparents  were  natives  of  England.  At  seven- 
teen years  of  age  Mr.  Muse  began  to  engage  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  which  he  continued  for  four- 
teen years.  In  1832  he  was  baptized,  and  four 
years  after  removed  to  Georgia,  settling  in  Blakely, 
Early  Co.  AVhile  still  merchandising  he  gradually 
entered  into  the  duties  of  a  minister,  led  on  by  his 
zeal  and  the  necessity  for  ministerial  labor  in  his 
neighborhood.  In  consequence  he  was  licensed 
May  7,  1837,  and  ordained  in  December,  1840,  to 
take  charge  of  a  church  organized  in  Blakely  out 
of  materi.al  resulting  from  his  own  personal  labors, 
and  which  before  he  left  its  service  numbered  200 
memliers.  Mr.  Muse  moved  to  Cuthbert  to  take 
charge  of  achurch  there,  and  alsoofone  inllandolph 
County  ;  and  has  continued  to  the  present  time  a 
faithful,  laborious,  and  successful  minister  and 
pastor.  He  has  succeeded  in  winning  souls  to 
Christ  far  beyond  what  is  granted  to  most  pas- 
tors, for  more  than  4000  have  been  liaptized  by  his 
own  hands.  He  has  been  greatly  beloved  by  his 
churches,  and  his  pastorates  have  lasted  from  four 
to  twenty  years.  He  aided  in  establishing  the 
Baptist  Female  College  in  Cuthbert,  and  became 
president  of  its  board  'of  trustees.  For  twenty 
years  he  has  been  moderator  of  the  Bethel  Asso- 
ciation, and  for  forty  years  has  been  actively  en- 
gaged in  all  its  interests. 

Musgrove,  Rev.  Thomas  Jefferson,  was  bom 
in  Mason  Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  30,  1837.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Clark  Co.,  Mo.,  in  1840.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  finished  his  college  course  when  twenty- 
four  years  of  age.     In  May,  1861,  he  was  ordained 


MUSIC 


827 


NASHVILLE 


to  the  ministry.  In  1867  he  took  charge  of  the 
public  schools  in  Alexandria,  Mo.  ATtprwards  lie 
estalili-slied  the  Pleasant  Hill  Academy,  where  he 
taught  for  four  years.  Then  he  acce]ite<l  tlie  charge 
of  the  schools  in  Alexandria  a  second  time.  After 
laboring  for  two  years  in  this  capacity  he  estab- 
lished Alexandria  College,  of  which  lie  is  the  presi- 
dent. He  is  a  Baptist,  and  a  man  of  energy, 
character,  and  usefulness. 

Music,  Rev.  Thomas  R.,  was  born  Oct.  17, 
1700;  was  converted  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  He 
spent  his  early  life  in  North  Carolina.  He  came  to 
Missouri  with  his  family  in  1803.  He  lived  in  St. 
Louis  County.  In  1807  he  organized  the  Fee  Fee 
churcli,  among  the  constituent  meniliers  of  which 
were  Adam  Martin  and  his  wife  Mary,  Hicliard 
and  Jane  SuUens,  Thos.  R.  Music  and  his  wife 
Sarah.  Elder  Brown,  fi-om  Kentucky,  and  John 
Clark,  labored  with  Mr.  Music,  who  died  in  1842. 
Mr.  Music  preached  in  Missouri,  wliere  he  was 
persecuted   by    Catholics,    and   needed    a   gun    to 


guard  Iiim  from  Indians.  He  is  buried  in  the 
cliurch  grounds  at  Fee  Fee.  The  old  people  still 
clierish  his  iiiemorv. 

Mynatt,  Rev.  Wm.  C,  was  bom  in  Knox  Co., 
Tenn.,  Nov.  1(5,  1808,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Samuel  Love,  in  1832;  removed  to  Asheville,  Ala., 
in  1833,  and  that  year  he  began  to  preach,  and  \va.s 
ordained  in  1836,  in  Cherokee  County,  wliere,  in 
connection  with  other  counties,  lie  spent  his  best 
days  as  a  minister,  living  ten  years  of  that  time  in 
De  Kalb  County  ;  spent  several  years  as  missionary 
of  the  Domestic  Mission  Board,  and  was  unques- 
tionably the  leading  minister  in  that  part  of  the 
State.  In  18.57  he  removed  to  Calhoun  County, 
where  he  still  resides  and  labors  for  Christ ;  though 
seventy-two  years  old  he  is  constantly  active.  He 
has  baptized  large  numbers  of  converts,  and  has 
been  a  most  trustworthy  and  gifted  minister  of 
the  gospel.  His  son.  Rev.  J.  B.  Mynatt,  and  his 
brother.  Rev.  Gordon  Mynatt,  are  also  worthy  Bap- 
tist ministers. 


N. 


Nash,  Rev.  C,  H.,  was  bor;i  at  North  Gran- 
ville, Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6,  1835  :  and 
nine  years  from  that  time  was  born  again  ;  but  for 
want  of  proper  instruction  and  encouragement, 
was  not  baptized  until  1850.  He  became  impressed 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preacli  the  gospel,  and  in 
1857  commenced  a  preparatory  course  at  Troy  Con- 
ference Academy,  Poultney,  Vt.  ;  and  two  years 
later  entered  on  the  regular  course  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity, Hamilton,  N.  Y.  Completing  his  studies 
at  Hamilton,  he  was  called,  in  1864,  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church  atWestport,  N.  Y.  Here  he 
was  ordained.  Ho  remained  at  AVestport  four 
years  and  a  half,  during  which  the  church  was 
considerably  increased  and  strengthened.  In  I8G9 
he  visited  Glen's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  and  after  supplying 
the  pulpit  of  the  Baptist  church  there  for  a  few 
months,  accepted  the  call  of  the  church  to  the  pas- 
torate, and  labored  with  much  success  for  ten  years 
and  a  half.  In  1879  he  resolved  to  enter  soiiie 
mission  field  in  the  great  West.  Finding  a  little  dis- 
cpuraged,  scattered  church  at  Concordia,  Kansas,  he 
commenced  labor  there  under  the  appointment  of 
the  Homo  Mission  Society.  During  two  years  this 
church  has  doubled  in  membership,  and  has  now  a 
neat  brick  edifice  nearly  completed.  With  the  ad- 
vantage of  this  new  church,  centrally  located,  and 
with  the  Lord's  blessing,  there  is  a  good  work  in 
prospect  at  Concordia. 


Nash,  John  Anson,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Shel- 
burn,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  II,  1815.  In  his 
sixteenth  year  he  united  with  the  Methodist  Church, 
and  soon  after  he  embraceil  Baptist  views.  Feeling 
called  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  Madison 
University  in  1836,  and  graduated  from  college  in 
1842,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1844.  Having  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  Baptist  churcli  at  Water- 
town,  N.  Y^.,  he  immediately  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  his  pastorate,  and  was  ordained  in  September, 
1844.  He  remained  at  Watertown  about  six  years. 
In  1850  he  came  to  Iowa.  He  has  preached  to  the 
Baptist  churches  in  Des  Moines  about  seventeen 
and  a  half  years;  has  extended  his  labors  far  into 
the  surrounding  country,  gathering  and  organizing 
nearly  thirty  Baptist  churches.  In  1865,  on  the 
starting  of  the  University  of  Des  Moines,  by  the 
advice  of  the  movers  in  this  enterprise,  he  resigned 
his  pastorate  and  entered  upon  its  work  ;  first  as 
financial  agent,  then  as  professor,  and  for  several 
years  he  has  been  its  pre^^ident,  which  oflice  he  now 
holds.  Much  of  this  time,  however,  he  hits  spent 
in  supplying  destitute  churches  in  the  surrounding 
region.  In  1877  he  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  the  University  of  Chicago. 

Nashville,  First  Colored  Church  of.— Rev.  X. 
G.  Merry  became  pastor  of  this  community  in  1853, 
when  it  was  a  bi-anch  of  the  First  church  of  white 
Baptists.     Since  that  time  the  organization  has  be- 


FIRST    COLORKD    BAPTIST    ('1HRC11,    N  ASH  VI  l.I.E,    TENX. 


NASHVILLE 


829 


NATIOSAL 


come  indepenJont.  and  it  has  been  unusually  pros- 
perous. Tlie  churcli  has  grown  iVorn  100  to  2:i00 
ineiiibers,  an<l  it  has  built  four  times  since  1853. 
Their  pre.sent  edifice  cost  I*2ti,uil0,  and  it  will  seat 
1300  per.sons.  It  is  an  honor  to  the  colored  Bap- 
tists of  the  State. 

Nashville  Institute  i-^  situated  one  mile  from 
Xaslivilie,  Ti'un.,  u|ioii  a  iM'operty  coutiiininj;  thirty 
acres,  adjoininj;  tlie  Vanderbilt  University  grounds. 
The  site  is  high,  and  commands  an  unsurpassed 
prospect  of  tlie  city  and  surrounding  country.  The 
estate  was  bought  in  the  spring  of  1S74  for  the 
American  Bajitist  Home  Mission  Society,  at  a  cost 


The  institute  has  a  "  Normal,"  an  "  Academic," 
a  "Scientific,"  a  "  Classical,"  and  a  "  Theologi- 
cal" course.  It  prepares  young  men  and  women 
for  teaching,  and  it  educates  students  for  the  Chris- 
tian ministry.  For  1880-Sl  the  institute  had  8 
instructors  and  249  students  of  both  sexes.  Nash- 
ville Institute  has  been  and  is  now  a  rich  blessing 
to  tlif  cnliired  Baptists  of  this  country. 

Natchez  Seminary. — This  institution  is  devoted 
to  the  instruction  of  freedmen.  It  is  located  at 
Natchez.  Miss.,  and  is  doing  a  noble  work.  The 
spring  term  of  1880  closed  with  117  matriculates, 
of  whom  31  were  preparing  for  the  ministry,  and 


N.\.-UV11.I.E     INSTITl    IF.. 


of  S30,000.  At  the  time  it  had  a  mansion  upon  it, 
48  by  80  feet,  and  two  stories  high.  The  Society 
spent  about  $4.5,000  in  additional  buililings,  exclu- 
sive of  the  cost  of  furnishing.  The  Institute  took 
possession  of  its  homo  in  October,  1876. 

The  mansion-house  now  has  four  stories,  and 
furnishes  apartments  for  the  teachers  and  dormi- 
tories for  tlie  young  women.  Centennial  Hall.  49 
by  185  feet,  and  four  stories  in  height,  in  its  ample 
basement  provides  aoeoiiiinodations  for  the  board- 
ing departinont.  The  first  story  is  devoted  to  pub- 
lic rooms,  and  the  three  stories  above  it  furnish 
dormitories  for  about  140  young  men.  For  this 
building  the  Institute  is  chiefly  indebted  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Nathan  Bishop,  of  New  York. 


40  design  to  become  teachers.  The  institution  has 
the  hearty  sympathy  of  the  Baptists  of  Mississippi, 
and  is  destined  to  become  an  important  factor  in 
the  elevation  of  the  colored  race. 

National  Monitor,  The,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  was 
estalilislied  in  l>7i'  by  Kev.  Kufns  I,.  Perry  as  the 
official  organ  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  the  United 
States.  The  condition  of  the  colored  people  made 
it  necessary  for  this  paper  to  be  of  a  politico- 
religious  character,  which  it  still  maintains.  It 
circulates  among  the  prominent  colored  people 
North  and  South,  and  is  read  in  Canada,  Hayti, 
and  Africa.  It  is  now  one  of  the  leading  and  most 
influential  papers  among  the  colored  people.  Rev. 
Rufus  L.  I'erry  is  still  editor. 


NEALE 


830 


NEBRASKA 


Neale,  Rollin  Heber,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Soutli- 
ingtoii,  ( 'diin.  llf  prepareii  for  oollc<:e  in  his  native 
town,  and  Graduated  at  Coliiiiiliian  College,  Wash- 
ington, I),  C,  in  the  class  of  1830.     While  a  student 


ROl.I.IX     IIEIIER    XEALE.    D.D. 

in  college  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  chnreli  in  Washington,  and  preaclied  there 
the  last  two  years  of  his  course.  While  pursuing 
his  studies  at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution 
he  was  the  pastor  of  the  South  Boston  Baptist 
church.  He  graduated  at  Newton  in  1833.  From 
the  spring  of  1S34  to  September,  1837,  he  was  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Needham, 
Mass.,  from  which  place  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  Sept. 
17,  1837,  and  continued  in  that  relation  until  June, 
1877.  a  period  of  nearly  forty  years.  Few  pastor- 
ates in  Baptist  churches  have  been  so  long,  and 
few  have  been  more  harmonious.  The  labors  of 
Dr.  Ncalc.  extcmling  on  through  all  these  years, 
have  been  greatly  lilesscd,  his  church,  under  the 
ministrations  of  their  pastor,  having  been  favored 
with  man}'  precious  revivals  of  religion. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  Dr.  Neale  by  Brown  University  in  1850,  and 
by  Harvard  College  in  1857.  He  has  published  a 
few  sermons,  a  Harvard  College  Diidleian  lecture, 
a  little  volume  called  the  ''  Burning  Bush,"  and 
he  has  written  much  for  the  public  press.  Many 
of  the  addresses  which  he  made  (and  in  the  making 
of  which  he  had  a  most  happy  gift)  on  funeral  oc- 
casions of  dear  friends  have  found  their  way  into 
print.     They  were   the   outgushiiigs    of  a    warm. 


sympathizing  heart,  and  were  exceedingly  appro- 
priate to  the  occasions  upon  which  tliey  were 
uttered. 

Dr.  Neale  visited  Europe  four  times,  one  of 
which  was  in  company  with  Rev.  Dr.  Kirk,  the  late 
eloquent  pastor  of  the  Mount  Vernon  Congrega- 
tional church,  who  was  his  companion  while  trav- 
eling in  the  Holy  Land. 

For  many  yiars  he  was  a  "  visitor''  and  an  over- 
seer of  Harvard  University.  He  always  took 
an  interest  in  public  aOFairs,  and  from  the  pulpit 
expressed  his  views  upon  the  great  moral  questions 
of  the  day.  He  was  known  to  be  a  minister  of  a 
kind  and  catholic  spirit,  and  while  he  held  a  very 
warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  his  own  Ijretlircn  in 
the  ministry,  he  had  the  respect  and  aRVction  of  the 
clerical  profession  of  all  denominations  in  Boston 
and  its  vicinity.  He  entered  upon  his  eternal  re- 
ward in  1879,  from  the  city  where  he  lived  for  .so 
many  years. 

Nebraska. — Nebraska  occupies  a  position  near 
the  centre  of  the  repul>lic.  Bounded  north  by 
Dakota,  east  by  the  Missouri  Kiver,  south  by 
Kansas,  and  west  by  Wyoming.  It  was  originally 
a  part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase.  It  was  organ- 
ized as  a  Territory  May  .30,  1854,  by  the  Kansas 
and  Nebraska  Act.  It  was  admitted  into  the 
Union  as  a  sovereign  State  in  March.  1867.  The 
extreme  length  of  the  State  from  east  to  west  is 
within  a  fraction  of  413  miles,  and  its  extreme 
width  from  north  to  south  is  208  miles.  In. area 
the  State  contains  nearly  75,995  square  miles,  or 
about  48,036.M)0  acres.  The  area  of  Nebraska  is 
12,359  square  miles  larger  than  all  the  New  Eng- 
land States  combined. 

Emigration  into  the  Territory  began  in  1849. 
The  first  settlements  were  confined  to  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  Missouri  River  and  a  narrow  strip  on 
one  side  of  the  Platte.  Here  were,  therefore,  laid 
the  foundations  of  the  future  churches  in  Nebraska. 
For  religious  enterprises  the  i-ircumstances  were 
unfavorable.  The  population  was  unstable.  Some 
came  to  speculate  in  land,  whose  stay  was  tran- 
sient. But  others  came  to  remain.  These  were 
poor  and  scattered,  but  unity  in  religious  beliefs 
brought  these  settlers  together,  at  convenient  cen- 
tres, for  the  service  of  God  and  for  mutual  edifi- 
cation. 

THE    BAPTIST    ASS0CI.4TI0N. 

The  few  Baptists  who  had  come  to  the  Territory 
to  remain  formed  themselves  into  churches  at  va- 
rious points.  On  the  28th  and  29th  of  May,  1858, 
at  Nebraska  City,  the  Nel)raska  Baptist  .Association 
was  organized  by  seven  churches,  which  had  been 
previously  formed.  These  were,  in  the  order  in 
whicli  they  were  constituted,  Nebraska  City.  Peru, 
Plattsnionth,  Fontenelle,  Cumming  City.  Rock 
Bluir.  and  Florence. 


NEBRASKA 


831 


NEBRASKA 


The  First  Nebraska  City  church  was  recognized 
Auj;.  IS,  1855. 

At  the  organization  of  the  Nebraska  Association 
the  names  of  only  two  ordained  ministers  appear  on 
the  minutes, — Rev.  J.  M.  Taggart  and  Rev.  J.  G. 
Bowen,  missionaries  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society.  If  the  members  were  few  in  num- 
ber, the  records  of  the  first  meeting  show  tliat  they 
were  men  of  large  ideas,  strong  faith,  and  a  clear 
insight  into  the  future  greatness  of  the  Territory. 
At  this  meeting  vital  questions  were  discussed, — 
education,  Baptist  literature,  benevolence,  temper- 
ance. Among  the  resolutions  passed  we  find  the 
following,  so  full  of  wisdom  : 

"  Resolved.  That  we  recommend  to  the  churches 
of  this  Association,  when  practicable,  to  erect  their 
meeting-houses  within  the  limits  of  incorporate 
towns,  and  that  measures  be  taken  at  an  early  day 
to  secure  eligible  sites  for  building  purposes." 

The  first  effort  at  church-building  by  the  Bap- 
tists in  Nebraska  was  at  Omaha  in  1860.  For  years 
the  growth  of  the  churches  was  slow ;  the  faith  of 
the  early  laborers  was  severely  tested. 

At  the  fifth  annual  meeting  of  the  Association 
there  was  an  increase  of  one  church  and  of  84 
members.  In  1807  four  churches  were  dismissed 
with  prayers,  and  the  Omaha  Association  was 
formed.     Since  then  God  has  greatlv  blessed  our 


STATE   CONVENTION. 

The  Nebraska  Baptist  State  Convention  was  or- 
ganized in  1868  to  take  the  place  of  the  Domestic 
Mission  Board,  which  had  been  organized  under  a 
resolution  adopted  by  the  original  Association  Sept. 
10,  1864. 

The  resolution  reads  as  follows :  "  Resolved,  That 
a  missionary  board  of  five  members  be  appointed 
at  each  annual  meeting  of  this  Association,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  ascertain  the  destitution  of  Bap- 
tist preaching  as  far  as  possible,  and  by  correspond- 
ing with  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, and  appealing  to  the  churches  composing  this 
Association,  to  make  arrangements  for  its  supply  ; 
and  that  we  recommend  to  the  churches  the  penny- 
a-week  system  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  this 
resolution." 

Article  2d  of  its  constitution  states  the  object  of 
the  State  Convention  :  "  The  object  of  this  body 
shall  be  to  unite  the  Baptist  churches  of  the  State 
in  the  dissemination  of  the  principles  of  the  gospel 
as  understood  by  them  into  all  parts  of  the  State, 
and  especially,  in  the  prosecution  of  domestic  mis- 
sion work,  to  co-operate  with  the  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society."  In  the  revised  constitution  of 
1879  the  object  is  substantially  the  same. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  1872  the  folIowlDg 
resolution  was  carried  : 


"  Resolved,  That  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out 
more  fully  the  objects  of  the  Nebraska  Baptist 
State  Convention  we  hereby  incorporate  ourselves 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  the  State,  so  that 
we  may  acquire  and  hold  property  with  which  to 
educate  and  sustain  ministers,  build  or  aid  in  build- 
ing church  edifices,  make  provision  for  superannu- 
ated pastors  or  preachers,  and  sustain  all  other  in- 
stitutions by  which  the  churches  may  be  united  in 
the  dissemination  of  the  principles  of  the  gospel 
as  understood  by  them  in  all  parts  of  the  world." 

The  aim  of  the  Convention  has  been  hitherto  to 
assist  and  co-operate  with  the  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  At  each  of  its  annual  sessions  ques- 
tions of  vital  importance  to  the  home  field  have 
been  discussed.  At  no  meeting  has  the  work 
abroad  been  forgotten. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  held  in  October,  1877, 
it  was  resolved  to  hold  a  historical  meeting  in  June, 
1878,  at  Nebraska  City.  Theobject  of  the  meeting 
was  to  bring  the  Baptists  together  and  to  review 
the  past.  An  interesting  programme  was  prepared. 
Eminent  men  from  abroad  lent  their  aid.  Rev.  J. 
M.  Taggart,  the  only  remaining  pioneer  missionary, 
read  a  historical  paper  of  much  interest,  in  which 
he  reviewed  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
denomination  for  twenty  years.  The  meeting  re- 
sulted in  imparting  new  zeal  to  the  brethren  and 
new  life  to  the  State  Convention.  At  the  annual 
meeting  in  1879,  Rev.  H.  L.  Morehouse,  corre- 
sponding secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  submitted  to  the  boanl  of  the 
State  Convention  a  plan  for  practical  co-operation 
with  that  society,  which  was  adopted.  The  third 
and  fourth  specifications  are  as  follows : 

"  The  Home  Mission  Society  shall  appropriate  to 
the  mission  work  in  Nebraska  a  definite  sum  pro 
rata  to  receipts  from  the  State  for  the  fiscal  year  of 
the  Convention  ending  Nov.  1,  1880,  four  dollars 
additional  to  each  dollar  received  from  the  State ; 
the  apportions  to  be  made,  so  far  as  possible,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year,  upon  a  reasonable  estimate 
of  probable  receipts,  and  to  be  corrected  by  actual 
experience. 

"The  Convention  shall  superintend  the  work  in 
the  State,  determine  fields,  nominate  missionaries, 
name  their  salaries,  and  determine  the  time  of 
labor;  the  Home  Mission  Society  to  appoint  and 
pay  those  nominated  so  far  as  they  approve  such 
nominations  and  terms." 

The  existence  and  growth  of  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Nebraska  are  due  largely  to  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  There  is  scarcely  a 
church  in  the  State  which  it  has  not  aided.  The 
number  of  self-supporting  churches  as  yet  is  small. 
The  majority  of  the  pastors  in  active  service  are 
sustained  in  part  by  this  society.  The  need  for 
enlarged  liberality  in  this  field  is  very  great. 


NEliliASKA 


832 


Nt:iiIlA::iKA 


EDUCATION. 

Recognizinf;  the  need  and  value  of  an  educated 
ministry,  the  question  of  higher  education  received 
attention  in  the  early  liistury  of  this  Territory. 
We  find  the  following  in  the  minutes  of  the  State 
Convention  for  1870: 

"  Your  Executive  Board,  to  which  was  referred, 
by  a  resolution  passed  at  the  last  annual  session, 
the  suhject  of  a  denominational  educational  insti- 
tution for  the  State,  respectfully  report  that  the 
duty  charged  upon  them  has  been  fulfilled,  as  will 
be  seen  by  referring  to  the  proceedings  of  the  board 
meeting  published  in  last  year's  minutes.  So  far 
as  the  nieniliers  of  the  Executive  Board  have  knowl- 
edge, no  definite  propositions  for  the  location  of  a 
Baptist  college  have  as  yet  been  received  which 
were  of  such  a  character  as  to  warrant  your  com- 
mittee in  recommending  a  location,  as  was  contem- 
plated in  that  resolution. 

"  Your  committee  would  further  add  that  the 
subject  of  the  founding  of  a  Baptist  college  in  Ne- 
braska, while  it  is  one  of  the  greatest  importance 
to  our  interests,  is  one  which  should  deman<l  and 
receive  the  most  careful  deliberation  at  our  hands. 
We  are  warned  on  every  hand  by  the  experience 
of  our  brethren  in  other  States,  as  well  as  by  that 
of  other  denominations  in  our  own  State,  that  the 
attempt  to  build  up  at  too  early  a  day  in  tlie  history 
of  a  .State  such  an  institution  as  is  contem|)hited  in 
your  resolution  of  last  year  is  not  only  full  of 
difficulty,  but  of  real  danger  to  the  interests  it  is 
designed  to  support.  It  imposes  a  pecuniary  bur- 
den not  easily  borne  even  in  wealthy  communities 
and  with  favorable  surroundings, — a  burden  which, 
in  our  estimation,  it  would  be  unwise  for  us  at  pres- 
ent to  assume. 

"  Your  committee  are  of  opinion  that  the  follow- 
ing are  essential  to  success  in  a  denominational 
college  enterprise  in  Nebraska  : 

"  1st.  That  it  be  located  in  the  midst  of  earnest 
and  able  friends. 

"  2d.  That  it  have  sufficient  local  subscriptions  to 
erect  suitable  buildings  in  which  to  open  the  school, 
and  a  fair  sum  towards  an  endowment. 

"  3d.  Denominational  unity  in  the  State  in  refer- 
ence to  its  support  as  a  part  of  the  list  of  agencies 
for  carrying  on  the  work  of  this  Convention. 

"  We  therefore  recommend  that  further  action  in 
this  matter  be  dispensed  with  until  God  by  his 
providence  shall  show  us  that  we  are  in  possession 
of  the  conditions  which  will  insure  success;  and 
that  in  the  mean  time  the  brethren  residing  in  local- 
ities where  circumstances  are  favorable  aim  at  the 
establishment  of  local  seminaries  and  academies 
mainly  self-supporting,  which  may  in  the  future, 
when  our  wants  and  our  ability  warrant  it,  become 
the  nuclei  of  such  an  institution  as  shall  reflect 
credit  upon  our  denomination  and  our  State." 


This  question  was  considered  each  subsequent 
year  until  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Hoard  of 
the  State  Convention  held  in  Hastings  in  .May, 
1.SS0,  when  Mr.  Eddy,  a  Baptist  of  Gibbon,  was 
present  to  invite  the  attention  of  the  Educational 
Committee  to  an  opportunity  offered  at  that  place. 
After  correspondence  on  the  subject,  the  chairman 
of  the  committee  visited  Gibbon,  and  learned  tliat 
there  was  a  prospect  of  obtaining  a  good  donation 
if  we  would  locate  our  Baptist  school  there.  A 
report  was  made  at  the  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Board  in  Blair,  Aug.  4,  1880,  and  the  following 
resolution  was  passed  : 

^^ Resolved,  That  we  locate  our  Baptist  school  at 
Gibbon,  provided  the  citizens  t>f(iil)bon  and  vicinity 
will  donate  a  certain  brick  building,  three  stories 
high,  40  by  tiU  feet,  together  with  five  acres  of  land, 
and  $1000  for  repairs  and  alterations;  also  S^IOUO 
per  year  for  three  years  as  tuition  for  pupils  of  the 
district  above  the  ))rimarv  department.'' 

A  request  was  made  by  the  Executive  IJiiaid  that 
the  Educational  Committee  proceed  at  once  to  secure 
the  property  and  open  a  school  as  soon  as  possible. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Executive  Board  was 
called  to  meet  at  Lincoln,  Aug.  10,  at  which  reso- 
lutions were  passed  appointing  the  Kev.  G.  W.  Read 
as  principal  of  the  school,  and  giving  it  the  name 
of  Nebraska  Baptist  Seminary.  The  appointment 
was  accepted,  and  a  meeting  arranged  between  the 
Educational  Committee  and  the  citizens  of  Gibbon 
for  Aug.  23.  At  this  meeting  the  citizens  agreed 
to  comply  with  the  conditions  expressed  in  the 
resolution. 

Papers  were  drawn  and  the  building  transferred 
to  the  Nebraska  Ba|itist  State  (Convention.  The 
money  promised  for  repaii-s  was  paid,  and  the 
building  is  now  undergoing  repairs.  School  will 
be  commenced  aboutf  Nov.  1,  1880.  The  property 
is  valued  at  $15,000. 

Statistical  Report  of  Associations. 


AmociationB. 


First  Ncbraaka 

Oniatia 

Neliuiha  Valley 

Blue  River 

York 

Reimlilit-ali  Valley 

Graud  Islatid 

Luup  and  Elkhorn  Valley. 

Scandinavian 

Gemiari 

Unassuciated 

Associations,  10. 


Number  of  i  Number  of 
Cliurcfaefl.       Members. 


13 

con 

15 

093 

l(i 

575 

11 

468 

21 

COT 

16 

300 

17 

(,Ti 

11 

201 

9 

428 

3 

145 

7 

80 

The  following  ministers  have  done  noble  work 
in  other  States,  and  are  at  present  in  active  service 
in  Nebraska:  Rev.  O.  A.  Buzzell,  Juniata:  Rev. 
W.  S.  Gee,  Lincoln  ;  Rev.  J.  Gunderman,  Central 
City;  Rev.   N.   P.  Hotchkiss,   Pawnee  City;  Rev. 


NELSON 


833 


NELSON 


J.  Lewellinj;,  Weston  :  Rev.  S.  B.  Mayo,  Beaver 
City  :  Rev.  J.  W.  Osboi-n,  Fremont ;  Rev.  Amos 
Pratt,  Exeter;  Prof.  C.  C.  Hush,  St.  Edward's: 
Rev.  I.  R.  f^hanafelt,  Macon  ;  Rev.  G.  W.  Taylor, 
Blair;  Rev.  E.  D.  Thomas,  Liberty  ;  Rev.  T.  K. 
Tvson,  AVahoo  ;  Rev.  A.  Weaver.  Loup  City;  Rev. 
F.  M.  Williams.  A.shland. 

Nelson,  Rev.  Ebenezer,  was  born  in  Middle- 
borough,  .Mass.,  Nov.  '.».  1787,  and  received  his 
early  education  in  Taunton  and  South  Reading, 
and  entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  \.  At  the  aj;e  of  twenty-nine  years  he 
made  a  public  profession  of  liis  faith,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Dr.  Gano.  Soon  after  he  commenced 
to  study  for  the  ministry,  heini;  for  a  part  of  the 
time  a  pupil  of  Rev.  Dr.  Chaplin,  afterwards  pres- 
ident of  Waterville  College.  He  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  July 
26,  182U,  where  he  remained  seven  years.  His 
health  failing,  he  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  was 
employed  for  a  year  in  raising  funds  for  the  endow- 
ment of  the  Newton  Tlieological  Institution.  His 
term  of  service  being  completed,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  become  the  pastor  of  the  AVest  Cambridge  church, 
and  was  installed  Sept.  9,  1828.  He  remained  here 
six  years,  and  was  then  appointed  the  secretary  of 
the  Northern  Baptist  Education  Society,  holding 
this  position  for  two  ye;irs  and  a  half,  during  which 
time  he  rendered  most  efficient  service  in  the  cause 
of  ministerial  education.  A  vacancy  having  oc- 
curred in  the  Central  liaptist  church  in  Middle- 
borough.  Mass.,  he  accepted  a  call  to  that  church, 
and  for  fourteen  years  was  their  pastor,  his  laliors 
being  greatly  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  sinners 
and  the  building  up  of  the  church.  He  took  also  a 
deep  interest  in  promoting  the  prosperity  of  Pierce 
Academy,  an  institution  which  accomplished  so 
much  good  in  the  mental  and  moral  training  of 
scores  of  both  sexes.  Ilis  health  failing  again,  he 
resigned  his  ministry,  lie  continued  to  perform 
such  service  as  he  could  for  the  cause  he  so  much 
loved,  but  gradually  he  wasted  away  under  the  dis- 
ease which  finally  proved  fatal.  He  died  at  Lynn, 
whither  he  had  removed  from  Middleborough,  April 
6.  18.-12. 

Few  ministers  in  Massachusetts  labored  more 
faithfully  or  accomplished  more  good  than  Eben- 
ezer Nelson.  His  name  and  memory  are  greatly 
revered  to  this  day  in  the  places  where  he  labored 
as  an  ambassador  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Nelson,  Rev.  James,  was  bom  in  Mississippi 
in  IS4I  ;  was  educated  at  Center  College.  Danville, 
Ky.  His  great  work  was  in  connection  with  the 
Ijoard  of  ministerial  education  of  Mississippi  Col- 
lege. His  field  was  Mississippi,  .Vrkansas,  and 
Louisiana,  where  his  name  will  long  be  affection- 
ately remembered.  Througli  his  instrumentality 
a  large  number  of  young  ministers  were  stimulated 


to  strive  for  higher  education,  and  provided  with 
the  means  to  meet  their  expenses.  Some  of  these 
have  proved  to  be  the  most  efficient  ministers  in 
the  Southwest.  He  died  at  Clinton.  Miss.,  Jan.  21, 
1876.  In  connection  with  his  educational  work  he 
performed  a  vast  amount  of  evangelical  labor. 

Nelson,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Louisa  Co., 
Va.,  Aug.  23,  1841  ;  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
fourteen,  and  joined  the  Elk  Creek  church.  He 
was  educated  at  Richmond  and  the  Columliian 
College,  graduating  at  the  latter  in  1860,  with  the 
degree  of  A.M. ;  was  licensed  in  1859,  and  ordained 
in  1803.  While  a  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  army 
the  great  revival  which  occurred  among  the  troops 
of  Northern  Virginia  had  its  origin  in  his  labors  in 
connection  with  those  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Marshiill,  of 
Georgia.  Immediately  after  his  graduation  Mr. 
Nelson  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Georgetown,  I).  C.  In  1871  he  resigned  his  charge 
there,  and  became  the  evangelist  and  Sunday-school 
missionary  for  Maryland  and  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  during  the  four  years  of  his  services 
in  this  capacity  hundreds  were  converted  and  bap- 
tized, and  a  number  of  new  churches  formed.  He 
is  at  present  the  useful  pastor  of  the  Farmville 
Baptist  church,  Va.  He  is  a  forcible  writer,  and 
occasionally  contributes  to  the  religious  papers  of 
the  denomination. 

Nelson,  Rev.  Stephen  S.,  was  born  in  .Middle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Oct.  o,  1772,  and  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  celebrated  Rev.  Isaac  Backus's  church 
when  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1794  with  the  first  honors 
of  his  class.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies 
with  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  or- 
dained by  a  council  selected  from  the  Warren  As- 
sociation. Ilis  first  pastorate  was  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  where  his  hibors  were  greatly  blessed.  In 
a  memorable  revival  which  occurred  in  Hartford 
in  1798  more  than  lOl)  were  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  the  Baptist  church.  While  in  Connec- 
ticut, Mr.  Nelson  proved  himself  the  warm  friend 
of  religious  liberty,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
urging  the  Baptist  petition  or  remonstrance,  ad- 
dressed to  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  against 
the  unjust  law  which  compelled  Baptists  and  others 
to  contribute  to  the  support  of  the  "  standing  order." 
The  restrictions  were  finally  removed  by  the  new 
constitution,  which  went  into  force  in  1818. 

Mr.  NeKson  received  and  accepted,  in  ISOl,  a 
call  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  N.  Y..  and  to  take  charge  of  a  literary 
institution  in  that  place.  In  this  new  relation  he 
met  with  deserved  success.  His  subsequent  pas- 
torates were  in  .Vttleborough  and  Plymouth,  Mass., 
and  in  Canton.  Conn.  Having  resigned  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  in  this  latter  place,  he  removed 


NELSON 


834 


NEIV  BIUTH 


to  Amherst,  Mass.,  for  tlie  purpose  of  giving;  his 
sons  iin  opportunity  to  tal<e  a  course  of  study  in 
Amherst  College.  Declining  again  to  become  a 
pastor,  he  preached  whenever  opportunity  pre- 
sented in  the  neighboring  villages.  His  closing 
days  were  days  of  peace  and  religious  enjoyment. 
lie  ilied  Dec.  8,  IS.i.S,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eight'-onc 
years. 

Nelson,  Rev.  W,  A.,  D.D.,  was  Iwm  in  .lefi'er- 
Bon  Co.,  Tenn.,July  I,  1S37  ;  baptized  by  M.  Cate  ; 
graduated  at  Carson  College,  Tenu.,  in  18.59;  or- 
dained in  1860  ;  was  missionary  during  the  war  ;  did 
good  work  as  a  pastor  at  Slielbyville,  Tenn.,  and 
was  very  successful  at  Edgefield,  Nashville,  where, 
under  his  pastorate,  the  church  increased  from  31 
to  3.')0,  and  built  a  fine  liouse  and  parsonage  ;  came 
to  North  Carolina  in  search  of  health  in  1879 ;  be- 
came president  of  Judson  College,  and  has  gone 
into  the  pastorate  again  at  Shelby  ;  a  very  success- 
ful man.     He  received  D.D.  from  his  alnui  m<iler. 

Nevada,  one  of  the  States  of  the  American 
Union,  lying  east  of  California,  noted  for  its  im- 
mense silver  and  gold  mines,  yielding  many  mil- 
liims  every  year.  Several  Baptist  churches  have 
been  organized.  Only  two  remain,  and  give  prom- 
ise of  permanence  and  growth, — one  at  Virginia 
City,  formed  in  1873,  with  eighteen  membens,  and 
one  at  Reno,  organized  about  1875.  Both  are 
making  good  progress.  There  are  only  two  Bap- 
tist ministers  in  the  State  engaged  in  the  minis- 
try,— Rev.  H.  W.  Read,  of  Virginia  City,  and  Rev. 
Dr.  D.  B.  McKenzie,  at  Reno.  Both  churches 
have  good  meeting-houses.  There  are  many  Bap- 
tists in  the  towns  and  mining-camps  of  Nevada, 
but  they  are  members  of  churches  elsewhere.  This 
great  State  is  ripe  for  cultivation  by  faithful  Bap- 
tist missionaries. 

New  Birth,  The. — Nicodcmus,  a  cultured  Israel- 
ite, a  sincere  inquirer  after  truth,  a  loved,  honored, 
and  blameless  citizen,  at  the  time  when  he  came  to 
Jesus  first,  knew  nothing  of  the  second  birth,  and 
was  destitute  of  all  title  to  heaven.  And  the  same 
thing  is  trueof  many  of  the  enlightened  and  worthy 
of  our  age.  Without  this  liirth  there  can  be  no 
love  for  Jesus,  and  no  taste  for  the  gratifications 
of  heaven. 

God  is  the  author  of  the  second  birth  :  "  As  many 
as  received  him,  to  them  gave  he  power  to  become 
the  sons  of  God,  even  to  them  that  believe  on  his 
name,  who  were  born,  not  of  blood,  nor  of  the  will 
of  the  flesh,  nor  of  the  will  of  man,  but  of  God." — 
John  i.  12,  13.  In  these  words  it  is  emphatically 
denied  that  regeneration  springs  from  any  fleshly 
or  human  agency,  and  it  is  ascribed  wholly  to  God. 
Again,  it  is  said,  "  The  wind  bloweth  where  it  list- 
eth,  and  thou  hearest  the  sound  thereof,  but  canst 
not  tell  whence  it  cometh,  and  whither  it  goeth  :  so 
is  every  one   that  is  born  of  the   Spirit." — John 


iii.  8.  The  Spirit  is  the  regenerator  of  every  be- 
liever. The  Lord  says,  in  Kzekiel  sxxvi.  2(j,  "  A 
new  heart  also  will  I  give  you,  and  a  new  spirit 
will  I  put  within  you  :  and  1  will  take  away  the 
stony  heart  out  of  your  flesh,  and  1  will  give  you 
a  heart  of  flesh,"  The  new  heart,  the  new  birth, 
is  the  work  of  God's  Spirit  altogether. 

The  new  birth  requires  no  lengthened  prepara- 
tion ;  the  Spirit,  with  his  instrument,  the  truth, 
can  complete  it  in  a  second  in  the  worst  specimen 
of  humanity.  When  the  Spirit  enters  the  heart 
the  second  birth  is  the  work  of  a  moment,  no  mat- 
ter how  long  penitential  sorrow,  unrelieved  by  jus- 
tifying faith,  may  continue. 

The  new  birth  is  not  Christian  baptism,  inAvhich 
it  has  been  said  that  a  person  is  "  made  a  member 
of  Christ,  the  child  of  God,  and  an  inheritor  of  the 
kingdom  of  heaven  ;"  not  a  single  one  of  these 
blessings  was  ever  conferred  by  that  solemn  rite. 
It  is  a  change  of  afi'ections  ;  the  regards  of  the  soul 
are  lifted  by  the  Spirit  of  (iod  from  ourselves,  the 
world,  and  sinful  objects,  and  they  are  made  to 
hunger  for  the  Saviour.  This  produces  an  ex- 
tensive alteration  in  the  internal  and  external  con- 
dition of  the  man.  He  does  not  delight  in  what 
he  once  loved.  His  chief  pleasure  is  the  favor  of 
Christ,  for  which,  or  for  tlie  fuller  enjoyment  of 
which,  his  soul  is  constantly  craving.  "  He  is  a 
new  creature  :  old  things  are  passed  away  ;  behold, 
all  things  are  become  new."  His  mind  is  enlight- 
ened, his  will  is  corrected,  his  sins  are  loathed  and 
forsaken,  and  his  affections  are  turned  Christ- 
ward. 

The  regenerated  man  when  he  is  first  born  again 
feels  repentance  for  sin  in  his  heart;  this  accom- 
panies the  new  birth  invariably.  He  always  feels 
a  desire  to  trust  in  Jesus  when  he  is  born  again, 
and  he  never  rests  till  he  has  committed  his  soul 
to  Christ. 

The  regenerate  man  loses  his  old  hopes  and  their 
foundation  as  soon  as  he  is  born  again.  His  ex- 
pectations of  divine  favor  were  once  built  upon  his 
good  qualities,  blameless  acts,  or  commendable  in- 
tentions. The  regenerating  grace  of  the  heavenly 
Spirit  sweeps  away  all  his  imaginary  merits  and 
false  hopes,  and  for  a  foundation  he  sees  only  the 
crucified  Saviour  full  of  gospel  hopes. 

The  new  birth  removes  old  treasures  and  be- 
stows new  riches.  The  wealth  of  unbelieving 
days  no  longer  has  power  to  fascinate  the  soul, 
and  Calvary  becomes  the  pearl  of  great  price  for 
which  the  regenerated  person  counts  all  things  but 
loss. 

And  the  new  birth  dethrones  old  despots  in  the 
soul, — the  world,  sinful  habits,  covetousness,  and 
superstition,— and  it  never  rests  until  Christ  is 
Master  of  mind,  heart,  and  life. 

X  new  heart  is  demanded  by  the  sinner's  reproach- 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


835 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


ing  conscience,  and  by  the  God  of  infinite  good- 
ness. "  Heaven  is  a  prepared  place  for  a  prepared 
people,"  without  a  taste  for  the  enjoyments  of  para- 
dise a  man  cannot  be  happy  in  it.  An  unregen- 
erate  man  could  not  gather  satisfaction  from  the 
religious  pleasures  of  the  celestial  home  ;  and  if 
he  were  to  enter  it  he  would  be  rendered  still 
more  miserable  by  its  holy  conversation  and  occu- 
pations. For  him  there  is  no  rest  in  any  world 
without  a  new  heart.  Besides,  a  holy  law  must 
hurl  its  anathemas  forever  at  the  man  who  cherishes 
sin  in  his  heart.  And  as  his  "carnal  mind  is  en- 
mity against  God,"  he  would  feel  himself  at  war 
with  God  in  any  quarter  of  his  wide  dominions,  and 
in  any  section  of  everlasting  duration.  The  Saviour 
utters  the  doctrine  of  the  glorified  in  heaven,  of  all 
holy  angels,  of  the  entire  earthly  believing  family, 
of  the  Holy  Word,  and  of  the  adorable  Trinity, 
when  he  says,  "  Marvel  not  that  I  said  unto  thee, 
Ye  must  be  born  aoiain." — John  iii.  7. 

New  Brunswick  Baptists.— See  article  on 
Nova  SfOTiA  Baptists. 

Newell,  Rev.  I.  D.,  was  born  in  Ilushville, 
Schuyler  Co.,  HI.,  July  2,  1837 ;  baptized  in  Upper 
Alton  in  1849:  ordained  in  Moline,  Oct.  13,  1871. 
He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  I.  D.  Newell.  Mr.  Newell 
spent  nearly  four  years  in  the  Union  army  during 
the  war,  being  the  first  to  enlist  in  Bunker  Hill, 
under  the  President's  first  call.  He-  served  two 
years  in  the  ranks,  during  which  time  he  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Fort  Henry,  Fort  Donelson, 
Pittsburg  Landing,  and  the  siege  of  Corinth,  bear- 
ing the  colors  of  the  regiment  in  the  last-named 
conflict.  At  the  end  of  two  years'  service  he 
was  transferred  to  Ellet's  fleet,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy,  and  one 
month  later  to  a  captaincy,  both  commissions 
coming  from  President  Lincoln.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  entered  Shurtleff  College.  He  com- 
pleted his  theological  course  at  Crozer  Seminary, 
graduating  in  1871.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Moline,  111.,  for  one  year.  Failing  in 
health,  he  removed  to  Nebraska,  and  preached 
three  years  in  Clay  and  Adams  Counties.  At 
present  he  gives  but  a  part  of  his  time  to  the  min- 
istry, being  county  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Clay  County. 

Newfoundland  Baptists. — See  article  on  Nova 
Scotia  Baptists. 

New  Hampshire  Baptists. — Hanserd  KnoUys 
founded  the  First  church  in  Dover,  N.  H.,  in  1638. 
A  little  later  he  preached  Baptist  doctrines;  and 
in  1G41  he  was  recognized  by  the  people  of  Dover 
as  a  decided  exponent  of  our  principles  ;  the  result 
was  two  religious  communities.  After  his  return 
to  England,  the  Baptists,  it  is  said,  fled  to  Long 
Island  to  avoid  persecution,  and  for  the  same  reason, 
in  1644,  they  removed  to  the  neighborhood  of  the 


present  New  Brunswick.  N.  .J.,  and  called  their 
new  home  Piscataway,  after  the  original  name  of 
Dover.  It  is  not  certain  that  these  Baptists  were 
regularly  organized  into  a  Baptist  church  in  Dover. 

The  first  church  of  our  faith  in  New  Hampshire, 
of  whose  regular  formation  there  are  no  doubts,  was 
founded  at  Newton  in  1755.  In  1770  it  is  supposed 
that  there  were  but  three  Baptist  churches  in  New 
Hampshire, — Newton,  Madbury,  and  Weare. 

In  1770,  Rev.  Dr.  Hezekiah  Smith,  an  able  and 
devoted  minister,  settled  in  Massachusetts,  preached 
extensively  in  New  Hampshire,  and  great  blessings 
attended  his  ministr.ations.  He  baptized  the  Rev. 
Eliphalet  Smith,  a  Congregational  clergyman,  and 
thirteen  others,  who  the  same  day  were  formed  into 
a  Baptist  church  at  DeerHeld.  Two  days  after 
Mr.  Smith  baptized  seven  persons,  among  whom 
was  Dr.  Samuel  Shepard,  who  became  one  of  the 
most  active  and  useful  ministers  that  ever  labored 
in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  afterwards,  till  death, 
the  pastor  of  a  church  gathered  in  Brentwood,  in 
1771,  with  branches  at  one  time  in  more  than  twelve 
different  towns,  and  a  membership  of  nearly  1000. 
During  this  year  churches  were  formed  in  Rich- 
mond, Hinsdale,  and  Chesterfield.  In  1780,  Dr. 
Shepard  baptized  44  persons  at  Meredith,  and  consti- 
tuted them  into  a  church.  Drs.  Hezekiah  Smith  and 
Samuel  Shepard  were  apostles  in  New  Hampshire, 
whose  labors  enjoyed  a  remarkable  measure  of  the 
divine  favor.  There  were  other  early  preachers 
and  churches  in  New  Hampshire  worthy  of  our  de- 
nominational name;  and  upon  them  and  their 
brethren  the  Spirit  of  God  fell,  and  converts  were 
gathered  and  churches  formed  in  all  directions, 
until  to-day  we  have  7  Associations,  86  churches, 
ministers,  settled  and  without  charge,  103.  The 
number  of  members  is  9210.  In  the  department 
of  Sunday-schools  we  find  that  there  are  72  schools, 
with  814  teachers  and  9319  scholars. 

In  education  the  Baptists  of  New  Hampshire 
have  taken  an  active  interest.  In  1826  they  founded 
the  "  New  Hampton  Literary  and  Theological  In- 
stitution," at  New  Hampton.  Dr.  B.  F.  Farns- 
worth  was  its  first  principal  and  Professor  of  The- 
ology. Dr.  E.  B.  Smith  succeciled  him  in  1833, 
and  retained  his  position  until  1861.  In  1838,  Dr. 
.J.  Newton  Brown  was  made  .Vssociate  Professor 
of  Theology,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office 
until  1845,  when  Dr.  James  Upliam  was  appointed 
to  the  professorship.  At  the  death  of  Dr.  Smith, 
Dr.  Upham  became  president  of  the  institution,  and 
retained  the  position  until  1866.  Owing  to  inade- 
quate financial  support  the  seminary  was  removed 
to  Fairfax,  Vt.,  in  1853.  This  institution  gave  in- 
struction in  the  higher  branches  of  a  general  edu- 
cation, and  prepared  young  men  for  the  ministry ; 
and  it  h;id  in  connection  with  it  an  academy  of  a 
high  order  for  young  women.     In  its  two  locations 


NEW  JERSEY 


836 


NEW  JERSEY 


it  had  about  200  theological  students,  most  of 
whom  becamo  very  useful  in  the  pastorate  and  in 
other  departments  of  Cliristian  work.  Few  semi- 
naries with  its  means  have  rendered  such  impor- 
tant service. 

After  the  removal  of  the  New  Hampton  Institu- 
tion to  Vermont  in  1853,  the  Baptists  of  New 
Hampshire  took  immediate  stops  to  establish  an 
academy  at  New  London,  which  was  opened  in 
J8.J3  ;  it  now  bears  the  name  of  Colby  Academy. 
(See  article  on  Coi.BV  Academy.)  The  report  of 
the  benevolent  operations  for  the  year  covered  Ijy 
the  statistics  here  j;iven  is,  for  the  Missionary  Union 
$1848.11  ;  for  the  Woman's  Foreif^n  Mission  So- 
ciety, SlOT-l.Ot");  home  missions,  S803.2G ;  for  the 
Convention,  $2,581.19  ;  for  home  objects,  §82,114.04. 
The  total  for  all  purposes,  $92,254.03. 

The  State  Convention  was  founded  in  1826.  It 
has  accomplished  great  results  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  its  affairs  have  been  manai^ed  with  much  ability. 
In  1880  it  aided  seventeen  churches  and  two  mis- 
sions, which  have  become  churches.  Its  officers 
were  Rev.  W.  V.  Garner,  President ;  Ilev.  W.  Ilur- 
lin.  Secretary  ;  A.  J.  Prescott,  Treasurer.  While 
in  New  Hampshire  very  many  of  the  churches  suffer 
constant  iliminution  liy  emijjration,  a  review  of  the 
last  hulf-eentury  presents  many  facts,  showin;;;  how 
the  denomination  has  grown  in  that  State.  Fifty 
years  ago  there  were  in  New  Hampshire  seventy 
churches  and  forty-one  ministers.  The  greater  part 
of  these  churches  were  poor,  and  pastors  that  were 
settled  received  but  a  scanty  support.  Moreover, 
there  was  more  or  less  direct  oppression  which 
Baptists  were  compcUed  to  endure  from  the  '"  stand- 
ing order."  They  were  the  "  sect  everywhere 
spoken  against."  But  a  most  happy  change  has 
taken  place  in  all  these  respects.  The  statistics 
given  above  will  show  the  present  situation  of  the 
denomination.  Baptists  have  places  of  worship 
which  will  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any 
other  denomination.  They  are  firmly  planted  in 
all  the  prominent  cities  and  villages  of  the  State. 
In  the  valley  of  the  Merrimack  they  were  but  little 
known  fifty  years  ago;  "  Now  the  churches  which 
occupy  that  valley,"  says  Dr.  E.  E.  Cummings,  in 
his  '■  Ministry  of  Fifty  Years,"  "  are  the  pride  and 
strength  of  the  denomination  throughout  the  State." 
There  is  every  reason  to  expect  that  continued 
prosperity  will  attend  the  churches  in  the  future 
as  it  has  in  the  past,  and  that  the  sentiments  and 
practices  of  the  Baptists  will  continue  to  have 
strong  hold  on  the  intelligent  convictions  of  no 
small  part  of  the  community. 

New  Jersey,  The  Baptists  of.— A  goodly 
number  of  those  who  came  to  the  early  settle- 
ments in  the  New  England  colonies  held  our  views 
of  Bible  doctrine.  They  found  on  their  arrival 
that  freedom  of  conscience  was  only  for  Puritans. 


Persecutions  led  them  to  desire  a  better  country, 
and  they  warned  their  friends  in  Europe  to  steer 
for  another  destination.  When  Lord  Berkeley  and 
Sir  George  Carteret  obtained  possession  of  '"  Nova 
Cesarea,"  or  New  Jersey,  about  1004,  they  formed 
a  "  Bill  of  Riglits,"  by  which  "  liberty  of  conscience 
to  all  religious  sects  who  shall  behave  well"  was 
guaranteed.  Speedy  immigration  followed.  The 
Baptists  of  New  Jersey,  except  a  church  or  two  in 
the  northern  hill-country,  which  sprang  out  of  the 
religious  reconstruction  following  the  revivals 
under  Edwards  and  the  men  of  his  time,  came 
from  the  old  country  seed.  While  there  may  have 
been  isnhited  Baptist  settlers  elsewhere,  the  first 
companies  of  l)aptized  believers  located  at  Middle- 
town,  near  tlie  entrance  of  New  York  harbor,  at 
the  territory  on  the  lower  Delaware,  and  at  "  Pis- 
oataqua,"  on  the  Raritan  River. 

The  churches  at  Middletown,  "  Piscataqua," 
"Cohansick,"  and  Cape  May  are  called  original 
because  they  are  the  mothers  of  the  other  organ- 
izations. 

MIDDLETOWN, 

in  order  of  time,  stands  first.  The  date  assigned  it 
is  16SS,  but  there  are  goi^d  reasons  for  believing  that 
it  originated  e.arlier.  In  1048  one  Richard  Stout 
and  five  others  appear  to  have  settled  in  Middle- 
town.  The  Indian  title  was  purchased  previous  to 
the  patent  from  "  NicoUes,"  about  1007.  This  title 
is  said  to  have  been  made  to  thirty-six  men,  of 
whom  eighteen  were  Baptists.  They  seem  to  have 
come  from  the  west  end  of  Long  Island,  and  there 
is  a  strong  probability  that  some  of  them  were  con- 
nected with  the  people  who  were  dealt  with  in 
Massachusetts  for  Baptist  sentiments  aliout  1042, 
and  took  refuge  at  Gravesend,  Long  Island.  Tra- 
dition states  that  they  consorted  for  mutual  edifi- 
cation, but  there  is  no  church  record  previous  to 
1688,  when  they  "  settled  themselves  into  a  church 
state,"  after  consultation  with  the  brethren  at 
'•Pennepek,"  Pa.,  who  had  just  taken  that  course. 
There  were  several  gifted  brethren  among  them, 
of  whom  John  Brown,  James  Ashton,  and  George 
Eaglesfield  are  mentioned. 

Thomas  Killingsworth  was  at  the  constitution 
of  the  church,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  he  be- 
came its  pastor.  Obadiah  Holmes,  who  was  whipped 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  for  his  Baptist  sentiments,  was  one 
of  the  patentees  of  Monmouth  County,  but  it  is  not 
known  that  he  ever  resided  here,  though  his  son 
Jonathan  did,  and  in  1668  was  a  member  of  As- 
sembly. 

Very  little  is  known  of  the  church  during  the 
first  generation  of  its  existence,  except  that  an  un- 
happy division  occurred,  which  resulted  (in  1711) 
in  each  party  excommunicating  the  other,  and  the 
silencing  of  two  of  their  gifted  preachers, — John 
Bray  and  John   Okison.     They  agreed  to  call  a 


NEW  JKliSEY 


837 


NEW  JERSEY 


council  of  neigliborinjT  churches,  which  met  May 
25,  1711.  The  ministers  who  convened  were 
Messrs.  Timothy  Bi-ooks,  of  Cohansey  ;  Abel  Mor- 
gan and  Joseph  AVood,  of  Pennepek ;  Elisha 
Thomas,  of  Welsh  Tract,  and  six  elders.  The 
office  of  elder,  in  distinction  from  pastor,  is  re- 
ferred to  frequently  as  existing  among  the  old 
c-hurches  in  the  State.  It  may  be  interesting  to 
read  the  finding  of  this  first  council  probably  in 
New  Jersey,  convened  in  a  case  of  church  diffi- 
culty. Advice  was  given  (1)  "to  bury  their  pro- 
ceedings in  oblivion  and  erase  the  record  of  them." 
This  was  done,  and  four  leaves  are  torn  out  of  the 
church  book.  (2)  "  To  continue  the  silence  im- 
posed on  the  two  brethren  the  preceding  j'ear." 
(3)  "  To  sign  a  covenant  relative  to  their  future 
conduct."  Forty-two  signed  this,  and  twenty-six 
did  not,  though  many  of  them  came  in  afterwards. 
Tiie  first  forty- two  were  declared  to  be  the  church 
to  be  owned  by  sister  churches.  Another  direction 
of  the  council  was,  "  That  the  members  should  keep 
their  places  and  not  wander  to  other  societies." 
Peace  and  prosperity  followed,  and  the  gospel  soon 
spread  over  a  wide  territory. 

PISCATAWAY. 

A  large  tract  on  the  east  side  of  the  "  Rarinton" 
was  bought  of  the  Indians  in  16G3.  Among  the 
first  settlers  were  people  from  Piscataqua  (now 
Dover,  N.  H.,  then  in  the  province  of  Maine).  It 
is  claimed  that  of  these  early  settlers  at  least  six 
were  Baptists.  (Ilanserd  Knollys  preached  Bap- 
tist sentiments  in  Piscataqua,  N.  II.,  as  early  as 
1638.)  These  six  were  constituted  into  a  gospel 
church  by  Rev.  Thomas  Killingsworth  in  1689. 

Three  of  the  constituents — John  Drake,  Hugh 
Dunn,  and  Edmund  Dunham — were  lay  preach- 
ers. Mr.  Drake  was  ordained  pastor  at  the  con- 
stitution of  the  church,  and  continued  until  his 
death,  fifty  years  afterwards.  Ilis  descendants  are 
numerous  and  influential. 

The  first  meeting-house,  by  order  of  the  town- 
meeting,  was  "built  forthwith  as  followeth :  di- 
mensions, twenty  foot  wide,  thirty  foot  long,  and 
ten  foot  between  joints." 

GOHANSEY. 

In  1683  a  company  of  immigrants,  members  of 
Cloughketin  church,  in  the  County  of  Tipperary, 
Ireland,  landed  at  Perth  Amboy,  and  traveled 
across  the  country  to  the  ''  Cohansick"  Creek.  In 
1685,  Obadiah  Holmes  (son  of  Obadiah  who  was 
persecuted)  arrived  from  Rhode  Island.  His  in- 
fluence was  soon  felt.  lie  became  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  Salem  County,  and 
preached  acceptably,  though  he  was  never  or- 
dained. In  1688,  Rev.  Elias  Keach,  of  Pennepek, 
administered  baptism  to  three    persons.     Thomas 


Killingsworth  having  n)0ved  into  the  vicinity, 
united  with  the  nine  males  in  constituting  the 
church,  and  he  became  the  first  pastor,  continuing 
nearly  nineteen  years,  until  his  death.  He  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  court,  and  served  honor- 
ably, while  he  preached  faithfully  and  success- 
fully, lie  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Timothy  Brooks, 
who  died  after  serving  the  church  six  years,  and 
his  successor,  a  young  man  of  much  promise, 
passed  away  after  a  two  years'  pastorate. 

The  church  records  for  the  first  hundred  years 
were  burned,  but  Mr.  Kelsay,  a  subsequent  pas- 
tor, preserved  some  minutes,  among  them  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"In  1710,  Timothy  Brooks,  with  his  company, 
united  with  the  church.  They  had  come  from 
Swanzey,  in  Plymouth  government,  about  1687, 
and  had  kept  a  separate  society  for  twenty-three 
years,  on  account  of  difference  in  opinion  relative 
to  predestination,  singing  of  Psalms,  laying  on  of 
hands,  etc. ;  the  terms  of  union  were  bearance  and 
forbearance." 

Mr.  Kelsay  says  that  Mr.  "  Brooks  was  a  useful 
preacher,  of  a  sweet  and  loving  temper,  and  always 
open  to  conviction." 

CAPE    MAY. 

Among  some  who  came  over  in  1675  were  two 
Baptists, — George  Taylor  and  Philip  Hill.  Taylor 
held  Bible  readings  and  expositions  at  his  own 
house.  After  his  death,  in  1702,  Mr.  Hill  con- 
tinued the  meeting.  Mr.  Keach  visited  the  place, 
and  preached  as  early  as  1688,  and  others  labored 
with  success.  Most  of  the  converts  went  to  Phila- 
delphia for  baptism.  In  1712,  by  advice  of  the 
pastor  and  two  deacons  of  Cohansey,  thirty-seven 
persons  constituted  themselves  into  a  church,  under 
the  pastorate  of  Nathaniel  Jenkins,  one  of  their 
own  number. 

Before  1707  there  was  no  Association  in  Amer- 
ica. We  find,  however,  an  institution  called  a 
yearly  meeting,  which  fostered  communication. 
From  one  end  of  Jersey  to  the  other  pastors  and 
devoted  brethren  went  by  Indian  trails  and  rough 
roads  to  these  immense  gatherings.  There  are 
traditions  concerning  these  fraternal  "■  great  meet- 
ings" that  are  full  of  tender,  touching  memories. 

When,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Pennepek  church, 
the  Philadelphia  Association  was  formed,  in  1707, 
three  of  its  first  churches  were  in  New  -Jersey,  viz., 
Middletown,  Piscataway,  and  Cohansey.  There 
are  no  extended  early  re<'ords  of  the  Association, 
but  the  usual  heading  of  the  earliest  is  "  The 
Elders  and  Messengers  of  the  Baptized  Congrega- 
tions in  Pennsylvania  and  the  Jerseys." 

The  Associational  fellowship  led  to  greater  in- 
terest among  the  ministers  and  churches,  an  in- 
crease of  doctrinal  strength,  and  a  spreading  of 


N^W  JERSEY 


838 


NEWMAN 


Bible  sentiments,  which  took  deep  root,  iind  iu  the 
succeeding  half-century  brought  forth  abundantly. 
The  New  Jersey  Baptists  have  had  in  their  ranks 
some  of  the  strongest  men  among  the  early  Baptists 
of  this  country,  and  among  them  have  arisen  breth- 
ren to  whom  the  whole  denomination  is  indebted. 
Oliver  Hart  performed  a  work  of  the  highest  im- 
pdrtance  in  South  Carolina ;  James  Manning,  the 
first  president  of  Rhode  Island  CoUoge,  laid  all 
Baptists  under  lasting  obligations  to  himself  for 
his  services  to  general  and  ministerial  education; 
Abel  Morgan  was  a  man  of  learning,  and  of  im- 
mense influence  for  good  over  the  Middle  States  ; 
Hezekiah  Smith,  of  Hopewell,  N.  J.,  was  settled  in 
Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  was  blessed  with  great  suc- 
cess in  winning  souls  to  Christ:  John  Gano,  the 
most  eloquent  preacher  amung  the  Baptists  of  his 
day,  and  a  man  greatly  honored  of  God  in  extend- 
ing his  kingdom,  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey;  our 
first  institution  of  learning  was  located  in  New  Jer- 
sey, and  worthily  conducted  by  Isaac  Eaton,  at 
Hopewell.  Quite  a  number  of  distinguished  men 
have  been  identified  with  the  Baptists  of  New  Jer- 
sey. 

For  a  long  period  the  New  Jersey  churches  be- 
longed to  the  Philadelphia  Association.  Their 
representatives  in  that  body  exerted  such  an  influ- 
ence that  they  had  no  desire  to  sunder  the  ties  that 
united  them  to  it  until  their  great  growth  compelled 
them. 

Their  first  Association  was  formed  in  1811  ;  it 
consisted  of  fourteen  churches,  and  was  called  the 
New  Jersey  Association.  The  Central  New  Jersey 
Association  was  formed  in  October,  182S,  by  the 
representatives  of  seven  churches.  The  Sussex 
Association  was  formed  in  1833,  by  four  churches. 
The  Delaware  River  Association  was  constituted  in 
1835,  by  Old-School,  or  Anti-Missionary  Baptists  ; 
its  members  were  less  than  five  hundred  when  the 
Association  was  organized,  and  they  have  not  in- 
creased since  that  time.  The  East  New  Jersey 
Association  was  established  in  November,  1842,  by 
fourteen  churches.  There  are  at  present  in  New 
Jersey  the  following  five  Associ;itions :  the  Cen- 
tral, East,  North,  Trenton,  and  West,  representing 
178  churches,  with  31,930  members. 

From  their  early  history  the  Baptists  of  New 
Jersey  have  been  the  intelligent  and  generous 
friends  of  education,  and  at  present  they  have  two 
seminaries  of  a  high  order,  with  spacious  and  beau- 
tiful buildings,  known  as  Peddie  Institute  and  South 
Jersey  Institute,  the  former  with  10  instructors,  12.5 
students  of  both  sexes,  property  worth  S12.5,000, 
and  an  endowment  of  $1000 ;  the  latter  with  10 
instructors,  1.50  students,  and  a  property  moder- 
ately estimated  at  $75,000.  These  institutions  are 
owned  by  the  denomination  in  New  Jersey.  In 
addition  to  the  money  invested  in  Peddie  and  South 


Jersey  Institutes,  the  New  Jersey  Baptists  gave 
liberally  to  Hamilton  and  Lewisburg. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society  is 
forty-two  years  old.  It  has  aided  many  students 
who  are  doing  successful  work  in  the  ministry. 
Its  officers  for  1880  are:  President.  II.  J.  Mulford; 
Vice-Presidents,  R.  F.  Young,  W.  H.  I'armly  ;  .Sec- 
retary. O.  P.  Eaches ;  Treasurer.  W.  V.  Wilson. 

Income,  $1922.65. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  State  Convention  was 
organized  in  1830.  There  were  then  5o  churches 
in  the  State,  with  a  membership  of  4164. 

OFFICER.?  OF  THE  CONVENTION   FROM  ITS  OR- 
GANIZATION  TO   THE   PRESENT   TIME. 

Presidents.— Dtime\  Dodge,*  1830  to  1839;  G.  S. 
Webb,  1839  to  1843  :  C.  W.  Mulford,*  1843  to  1x49; 
S.  J.  Drake,*  1849  to  1853  ;  D.  B.  Stout,*  1853  to 

1854  ;  C.  E.  Wilson,*  1854  to  1855  ;  D.  M.  Wilson,* 

1855  to  1S73  ;  James  Buchanan,  1873  to . 

t'ice-Piesiden/s. — Joseph  Maylin,*  1830  to  1834; 

Henry  Smalley,*  1830  to  1834;  G.  S.  Webb.  1834 

to  1839,  1849  to ;  J.  M.  Challiss,*  1847  to  1848, 

1849  to  1868 ;  John  Rogers,*  1839  to  1848  ;  J.  C. 
Harrison,*  1839  to  1844;  J.  E.  Welch,*  1844  to 
1847  ;  D.  B.  Stout,*  1868  to  1875 ;  J.  M.  Carpenter, 
1875  to . 

Secre(a)ies.~yi. -J .  Rhees,*  18.30  to  1840;  C.  W. 
Mulford,*  1840  to  1843;  S.  J.  Drake,*  1843  to 
1848;  J.  M.  Carpenter,  1848  to  1865;  H.  F.  .Smith, 
1865  to  1879;  T.  E.  Vassar,  1879  to . 

Treasurers.— P.  P.  Runyon,*  1830  to  1871  :  S. 
Van  Wickle,  1871  to  1879;  A.  Suydam,  1879 
to . 

Income  in  1880  was  $4429.55. 

Within  the  last  fifty  years  about  54,(X)0  hopeful 
converts  have  been  added  to  our  churches  by  bap- 
tism. Our  present  membership  is  31,936.  Fifty 
years  ago  we  h.ad  but  2  churches,  with  a  member- 
ship of  only  200  e.ich.  Now  we  have  1  with  over 
1100,  1  with  1000,  1  with  800,  I  with  600,  5  with 
500,  8  with  400,  14  with  300,  24  with  200,  and  .53 
with  over  1 00  each. 

New  Jersey  Baptist  Sunday  School  Union  is 
only  nine  years  old,  but  in  gathering  .-statistics  of 
the  work,  awakening  interest,  organizing  mission 
schools,  as  well  as  in  helping  the  weak,  it  has  en- 
tered upcm  a  field  of  groat  usefulness. 

Newman,  Prof.  Albert  Henry,  was  bom  in 

Edgefield,  S.  C,  Aug.  25,  1852 ;  entered  the  Thom- 
son, Ga.,  high  school,  then  in  charge  of  Rev.  E.  A. 
Steed,  now  a  professor  in  Mercer  University,  by 
whom  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Thomson  Baptist  church  in  1868. 

Called  to  the  Christian  ministry,  and  encouraged 
by  brethren  of  wisdom  and  piety,  he  took  a  place 
in  the  Junior  class  in  Mercer  University  in  1869. 


NEWMAN 


839 


NEWMAN 


Here  he  was  specially  indebted  to  Prof.  II.  II. 
Tucker,  D.l).,  LL.D..  for  his  iiispirinj;  instruction 
in  metaphysics  and  logic,  and  to  Prof.  J.  -f.  Brantly. 
D.D.,  who,  at  great  persontil  cost,  gave  him  private 


PROF.   .ALBERT    HEXRV    NEWMAN. 

instruction  for  a  year  and  a  half  in  the  German 
language.  He  entered  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1872;  in  it  his  favorite  studies  were 
Biblical  interpretation,  under  the  direction  of  the 
learned  Dr.  Hackett,  and  systematic  theology,  under 
President  A.  H.  Strong,  D.D.  lie  spent  a  year  at 
Greenville,  S.  C,  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  187»-76,  studying  Hebrew,  Clialdee, 
Syriac,  and  .\rabic.  under  Dr.  Toy.  He  also  was 
greatly  aided  in  Greenville  by  the  lectures  of  Dr. 
Broadus  on  the  Xew  Testament,  the  Septuagint, 
Josephus.  and  the  early  Greek  fathers.  In  1S80, 
Prof.  Newman  was  elected  "  Pettengill  Professor 
of  Church  History"  in  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary,  after  he  had  served  as  tem|>orary  in- 
structor in.  and  acting  professor  of,  Church  History 
in  the  same  institution. 

Prof.  Newman,  while  a  careful  student  of  general 
•jiuirch  history,  is  devoting  himself  specially  to  the 
records  of  the  Baptists  and  related  bodies.  Prof. 
Newman  not  long  since  was  offered  the  professor- 
ship of  Ilelirew  in  one  of  our  institutions.  His  at- 
tainments are  remarkable ;  his  pen  is  in  demand 
in  various  parts  of  the  country  as  contributor  to 
works  on  theology  and  church  history.  The  high- 
est estimate  is  placed  upon  his  acquisitions  and 
talents  by  competent  judges  who  are  familiar  with 
his  worth.     Before  him,  if  his  life  is  spared,  there 


is  undoubtedly  a  bright  future.     He  has  recently 
ac<:epted  a  professorship  in  the  Toronto  Theological 

Si'iiiin;irv. 

Newman,  Judge  Thomas  W.,  was  born  in 
Somerset  Co.,  Md.,  Jan.  23,  1829.  He  pursued  his 
studies  in  Washington  Academy,  Princess  Anne, 
Somerset  Co.,  Md.,  until  he  removed  to  Baltimore, 
and  there  studied  law  under  Levin  Gale.  Ksq.,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1S50,  after  which  he  at 
once  removed  to  the  West,  and  estalili>hed  himself 
in  his  profession  the  same  year  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
where  he  still  resides.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
county  judge  of  Des  Moines  County  for  two  years. 
When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  warmly  embraced 
the  Uniim  cause,  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Lincoln  captain  in  the  11th  Regiment  of  the  reg- 
ular army,  and  commissioned  Aug.  1,  1861.  He 
served  until  the  spring  of  ISO.'?,  when,  on  account 
of  impaired  health,  he  resigned  his  commission  and 
returned  home,  and,  after  six  months  spent  in  re- 
cuperation and  rest,  he  again  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  From  1S5.5  to  \>^'h  he 
was  a  director  of  the  Burlington  and  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  and  aided  by  an  active  canvass 
over  the  entire  line,  by  speeches  and  otherwise,  in 
raising  means  for  its  construction.  He  was  ap- 
pointed district  judge  of  the  first  judicial  district 
of  Iowa,  in  1874,  to  fill  a  vacancy.     At  the  October 


JUDGE    THOMAS    W.   NEWMAN. 

election  of  the  same  year  he  was  chosen  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Jan.  1,  1875,  and  for  a  full  term 
of  four  years,  to  Jan.  1,  1879,  which  office  he  filled 
with   credit,  and  at  the   end  of  the  term,  though 


■  NEW  ORLEANS 


840 


NEWPOllT 


stronply  urjied  to  continue,  (leclined  on  account  of 
the  inudcf)iiate  salury.  As  ii  jiidiio  ho  was  noted 
for  kinilncss  of  heart,  iirtianity  of  manner,  h'j;al 
acumen,  and  loyalty  to  justice,  lie  lias  been  an 
active  director  in  the  Merchants'  National  Bank  of 
Burlington  since  its  organization,  and  for  some 
years  past  its  attorney.  He  became  a  Baptist  the 
first  year  of  his  manhood,  in  ISoO,  and  has  ever 
since  been  closely  and  warmly  identilied  with  the 
interest  of  the  church  and  denomination.  He  w.as 
president  of  the  State  Convention  for  some  years. 
He  has  been  a  trustee  in  the  Burlington  Collegiate 
Institute  since  its  organization,  in  1S52,  and  has 
filled  the  office  of  secretary  or  treasurer  of  said 
institution  all  tlie  time  excppt  whrn  in  the  army. 

New  Orleans  Baptist  Chronicle  was  published 
at  New  Orleans,  La.,  by  L.  Alct.  Duncan  from 
1852  to  1855.  Dr.  Duncan,  having  recovered  his 
health,  was  the  principal  editor.  It  was  in  quarto 
form  and  published  weekly.  Although  it  had  a 
considerable  circulation  in  the  Southwest,  it  yielded 
80  little  profit  to  the  publishers  that  its  publication 
was  discontinued. 

Newport,  R.  I.,  The  First  Church  of,  had  its 

rise  in  the  very  beginnings  of  New  England  colo- 
nial history.  The  exact  date  of  its  origin,  how- 
ever, is  not  definililij  known.  Those  who  have 
studied  the  subject  the  most  carefully  have  reached 
the  conclusion  that  the  probable  date  is  early  in 
1638.  As  this  differs  from  the  traditional  one 
(1644),  it  may  be  pertinent  to  give  some  of  the 
i-easons  on  which  this  conclusion  rests.  (I)  From 
the  outset  the  people  statedly  assemliled  for  public 
worship,  but  it  is  uncertain  whether  for  this  pur- 
pose they  gathered  in  several  congregations,  or,  as 
is  more  probable,  they  all  met  in  one.  (i)  There 
was  certainly  a  church  on  the  island  in  1638.  Its 
members  were  drawn  from  various  sources.  Some 
had  been  connected  with  a  Congregational  church 
in  Boston.  It  is,  however,  well  known  that  the 
church  formed  here  disclaimed  any  ecclesiastical 
fellowship  with  that  church.  It  was  of  a  different 
oi-der.  And  if  it  was  the  only  church  on  the  island, 
it  is  certain  that  there  were  Baptists  among  the 
members,  and  that  they  had  a  Baptist  for  their  min- 
ister. (3)  Of  the  church  thus  formed  Mr.  Clarke 
was  the  pastor  or  teaching  elder.  Gov.  AVinthrop, 
writing  in  1638,  speaks  of  him  as  "preacher  to 
those  of  the  island."  In  1640,  Mr.  Lechford  writes, 
"  On  the  island  there  is  a  church  where  one  Mas- 
ter Clarke  is  pastor."  Describing  the  controversy 
which  arose  shortly  after  the  foregoing  sentence  was 
penned,  Mr.  Hubbard  says  '■  their  minister.  Mr. 
Clarke,  .  .  .  dissented  and  publicly  opposed."  (  4) 
The  pastor,  Mr.  Clarke,  was  undoubtedly  a  Baptist 
before  leaving  England,  and  as  a  Baptist  refugee 
came  to  this  country,  (a)  He  is  known  to  have 
held,  and  on  his  arrival,  one  distinctively  Baptist 


tenet,  viz.,  that  of  religious  liberty  ;  a  tenet  as  dis- 
tinctively Baptist  at  the  time  as  is  a  converted 
church  membership  to-day.  (b)  In  the  discussion 
which  arose  in  1040— tl,  he  contended  for  another 
Baptist  tenet,  viz.,  the  sufficiency  of  Scripture  as  a 
rule  of  religious  faith  and  practice.  (<•)  We  have 
no  record  of  any  change  in  his  religious  views 
after  his  arrival  in  this  country,  as  we  should  in 
all  probability  have  had  if  any  such  change  had 
taken  place,  (rf)  Just  as  soon  as  he  touched  shore 
at  Boston  he  was  ready  for  the  sake  of  his  princi- 
ples to  remove  into  the  wilderness,  (e)  lie  was 
not  caught  in  a  current  which  was  already  setting 
towards  a  new  settlement ;  the  proposition  came 
from  himself".  (5)  Those  who  during  this  early 
period  became  Baptists  in  the  neighboring  colony 
of  Massachusetts  gravitated  naturally  to  Newport, 
and  there  sought  a  church  home.  (6)  Mr.  Comer, 
who  has  given  us  the  traditional  date  of  1644, — a 
mere  conjecture  of  his. — and  whom  almost  all  sub- 
sequent authors  have  followed,  although  (lainstak- 
ing  and  accurate  as  a  writer,  had  not  access  to  all 
the  sources  of  knowledge  since  put  within  our 
reach.  (7)  Finally,  Mr.  Backus,  who  made  later 
researches  and  with  better  facilities,  inclined  to  the 
opinion  that  an  earlier  date  was  the  ))robalile  one. 

The  history  of  the  church  ni.ay  be  considered  as 
falling  into  five  periods.  (I.  163S-1(')S2.)  The  first 
pastor,  John  Clarke,  born  in  Suffolk,  England,  Oct. 
8,  1609.  and  educated  at  one  of  the  ancient  univer- 
sities, arrived  at  Boston,  November,  1637,  near  the 
close  of  the  famous  Antinomian  controversy.  Be- 
cause his  opinions  were  obnoxious  to  the  magis- 
trates he  proposed  to  a  number  of  kindred  spirits 
to  withdraw  and  plant  a  new  colony,  which  tliey 
did  the  following  March,  on  the  island  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  at  once  assumed  the  functions  of  a 
minister,  conducting  the  public  religious  worship 
of  the  inhabitants.  The  sense  of  freedom  which 
the  settlers  enjoyed  led  some  of  them  into  theolog- 
ical vagaries.  They  broke  not  only  from  the  au- 
thority of  the  church,  but  from  the  authority  also 
of  the  Scriptures.  They  claimed  to  be  led  by  an 
"  inner  light."  They  were  ably  controverted  by 
"  their  minister,  Mr.  Clarke,"  who  was  strongly 
seconded  by  Mr.  Lenthall,  Mr.  Ilanling,  and  others. 
The  Baptists  maintained  the  binding  authority  of 
the  Bible  and  the  existence  upon  earth  of  a  visible 
church  with  visible  ordinances.  This  controversy 
gave  rise  to  the  "  Seekers,"  many  of  whom  after- 
wards became  "  Quakers." 

A  visit  paid  to  William  Witter,  a  member  of  the 
church,  during  the  summer  of  1651,  by  delegates 
appointed  by  the  church,  may  be  noticed,  since  it 
has  been  rendered  memorable  both  on  account  of 
the  treatment  received  from  the  Massachusetts  au- 
thorities and  of  the  results  that  followed.  The 
truths  presented  by  these  confessors — John  Clarke, 


NEWPORT 


841 


NEWPORT 


Obadiah  Holmes,  and  John  Crandall — led  to  a  se- 
rious examination  :  "divers,"  as  Obadiah  Holmes 
said,  "  were  put  upon  a  way  of  inquiry."  It  is 
interesting  to  know  that  among  the  number  of 
these  was  the  scholarly  Henry  Dunster,  then  pres- 
ident of  Harvard  College,  who  became  convinced 
of  the  unscripturalness  of  infant  baptism.  These 
events  were  preparing  the  way  for  the  formation 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  with  which 
this  churcli  for  several  years  held  correspondence. 

In  the  year  1652,  the  year  after  Mr.  Clarke  went 
to  England  as  agent  for  the  colony,  the  question 
of  "'laying  hands  on"  all  baptized  believers  began 
to  be  discussed  in  the  church,  and  four  years  later, 
in  105G,  several  members  withdrew  and  formed  a 
church  of  the  "  Six  Principle"  order.  The  year 
after  Mr.  Clarke's  return  from  England,  namely,  in 
1665,  the  Sabbath  question  was  agitated  in  the 
church,  and  a  few  members  supposing  they  were 
thus  following  still  more  closely  the  teachings  of 
the  Spirit  in  his  Word,  began  to  observe  the  sev- 
enth day,  and  in  1671  a  small  number  drew  off  and 
formed  a  Sabbatarian  church.  On  the  20th  of  April, 
1676,  Mr.  Clarke  died,  after  a  laborious  life  devoted 
to  an  extension  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom,  and 
having  from  its  very  beginning  served  the  colony 
with  almost  unexampled  fidelity  and  distinguished 
success. 

He  was  succeeded  by  Obadiah  Holmes,  who,  born 
in  Preston,  England,  in  1606,  and  educated  at  Ox- 
ford University,  came  to  this  country  in  1629  and 
united  with  a  Congregational  church  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  and  ten  years  later,  in  Rehoboth,  was  bap- 
tized by  Mr.  Clarke,  and  with  several  others  formed 
aBaptistchurch.  Removing  to  Newport,  heunited, 
late  in  1650  or  early  in  1651,  with  this  church.  He 
was  one  of  the  delegates  to  Lynn  in  1651,  where  he 
severely  suffered  for  the  sake  of  his  faith.  He  as- 
sisted in  ministering  to  the  church  during  Mr. 
Clarke's  prolonged  absence  in  England,  and  finally 
succeeded  to  the  pastoral  office,  in  which  he  contin- 
ued till  his  death,  which  occurred  October  15,  1682. 

Singing  in  public  worship  was  from  the  begin- 
ning approved  and  practised.  Four  members  were 
disfellowshiped  in  1673  for  denying  the  deity  of 
Christ.  The  doctrinal  position  of  the  church  w.is 
strongly  Calvinistic.  Both  pastors,  Clarke  and 
Holmes,  left  on  record  confessions  of  their  ("aith. 
The  distinction  which  appeared  in  England  dividing 
the  Baptists  into  two  bodies,  described  as  ''  Par-' 
ticular"  and  "General,  "  obtained  likewise  in  this 
country.  This  was  from  its  organization  a  "  Par- 
ticular" or  "  Calvinistic"  church,  and  has  continued 
so  ever  since.  It  was  in  early  correspondence  with 
the  Particular  Baptists  of  London,  and  with  the 
churches  of  Swanzey  and  Boston.  It  made  efforts 
to  disseminate  Baptist  principles  both  at  home  and 
throughout  the  neighboring  colonies.  The  church 
54 


was  furnished  with  a  board  of  elders ;  among  the 
earliest  were  Joseph  Torrey,  Obadiah  Holmes, 
Mark  Lucar,  and  John  Crandall,  the  first  of  whom 
held  many  offices  of  trust  in  the  colony.  The  first 
deacon  was  William  Weeden,  who  died  in  1676  ; 
the  second  was  Philip  Smith.  It  should  be  men- 
tioned, further,  that  Robert  Lenthall  attempted  in 
16.38  to  form  a  Baptist  church  in  Weymouth.  Mass.  ; 
that  Thomas  Painter  had  been  publicly  whipped  in 
Hingham,  Mass.,  for  refusing  to  carry  his  child  to 
the  baptismal  font ;  that  John  Cooke,  once  a  Con- 
gregational minister  in  Massachusetts,  and  the 
subject  of  a  letter  from  John  Cotton  to  his  nephew. 
Cotton  Mather,  "  was  living  in  1694,  probably  the 
oldest  survivor  of  the  male  passengers  in  the  May- 
flower ;"  that  Philip  Edes  was  a  friend  and  helper 
of  Oliver  Cromwell ;  that  Samuel  Hubbard  did 
much  by  his  letters  and  other  manuscripts  to  pre- 
serve the  early  history  of  the  church  and  denomi- 
nation. 

(II.  1683-1732.)  The  third  pastor  was  Richard 
Dingley,  who.  coming  from  England,  was  received 
into  the  Baptist  church  in  Boston  in  1684,  and  four 
years  later  was  ordained  pastor  of  this  church  ;  in 
1694  he  resigned  and  went  to  South  Carolina.  In 
November,  1711.  William  Peckkam,  one  of  the 
members  of  the  church,  was  ordained  to  the  pas- 
torship, and  continued  in  office  until  his  death,  in 
1732.  His  ministry  was  disturbed  by  a  headstrong 
elder,  Daniel  White,  who  had  been  procured  as  an 
assistant,  but  who  drew  off  a  few  members  and  set 
up  a  separate  meeting,  which,  however,  continued 
but  a  little  while.  John  Comer,  the  fifth  pastor, 
born  in  Boston,  Aug.  1,  1704,  and  educated  at  Yale 
College,  was  baptized  into  the  Baptist  church  in 
Boston,  Jan.  31,  1725,  and  May  19,  1726,  ordained 
pastor  of  this  church,  colleague  with  Elder  Peck- 
ham.  His  change  of  views  respecting  the  rite  of 
the  imposition  of  hands,  and  his  preaching  it  as  ob- 
ligatory on  the  church,  led  to  a  severance  of  the 
pastoral  relation,  Jan.  8,  1729. 

During  this  period  there  were  two  interregna  in 
the  pastoral  office,  the  second  extending  to  more 
than  a  decade  of  years.  During  the  first,  however, 
the  church  improved  its  material  condition,  and 
during  the  second  for  most  of  the  time  sat  under 
the  ministry  of  Mr.  Bliss,  a  Seventh-day  Baptist 
preacher.  The  -church  not  only  had  a  name,  but 
had,  and  for  a  long  time  possessed,  a  local  habita- 
tion. The  meeting-house  in  which  the  church  had 
long  worshiped  was  sold  in  1707,  and  during  the 
following  year  a  new  one  was  built.  Though  a 
salary  was  voted  him  at  his  settlement,  Mr.  Comer 
early  made  an  effort  to  induce  the  church  to  adopt 
the  method  of  weekly  offerings  for  the  support  of 
the  ministry.  The  church  voted,  Sept.  S,  1726, 
"  that  a  weekly  contribution  for  the  support  of  the 
ministry  should   be  observed.''      Singing  having 


NEWPORT 


842 


NEWPORT 


fallen  into  ilisuse,  Mr.  Coiner  re-introduced  it.  lie 
conimonced  ;ilso  rej;ular  cliurcli  records,  and  gath- 
ered iniicli  material  towards  a  history  of  the  churcli. 
Of  inenihers  during  this  period  we  may  mention 
James  Harker,  an  elder  in  the  church  ;  Peter  Tay- 
lor iind  S;(iniicl  Maxwell,  made  deacons  in  1724, 
and  William  Peckluvni,  in  17.'i2;  I'eter  Foulger,  the 
maternal  grandrather  of  H<'njamin  Franklin,  and  a 
successful  missionary  to  the  Indians  ;  Thomas  Dun- 
gnn,  the  first  Baptist  minister  in  Pennsylvania; 
also  three  soiis  of  the  second  pastor,  namely,  Oba- 
diali,  Joliii,  and  Jonathan  Holmes,  one  or  two  of 
them  pioneers  in  New  Jersey.  The  church  was 
thus  through  its  members  extending  its  influence; 
as  during  the  former  period  throughout  New  Eng- 
land, so  during  this  to  provinces  more  remote. 

(III.  1732-1788.)  John  Callender,  the  successor 
of  Mr.  Comer,  born  in  Boston  in  1706,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  College  in  1723,  and  the  same  year 
baptized  into  the  Baptist  church  of  his  native  town, 
was,  Oct.  13,  1731,  ordained  as  pastor  of  this 
church.  The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
settlement  of  the  island  was  celebrated  by  the 
building  of  a  new  house  of  worship,  and  by  a  his- 
torical discourse  of  great  fullness  and  accuracy, 
preached  March  24,  1738,  by  the  pastor,  in  which 
he  reviewed  the  events  of  the  century.  The  entire 
colony  was  brought  under  obligation  to  him  for 
this  first  history  of  its  beginnings  and  early  pro- 
gress. His  pastoral  labors  continued  till  death, 
Jan.  26,  1748.  Before  the  close  of  the  same  year 
the  church  ciilled  to  the  pastorship  Kdward  Upham, 
born  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  in  1709,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1734.  It  was  during  his  term 
of  service  that  the  Baptists  of  America  made  an 
effort  to  establish  a  college  within  the  colony,  for 
which  Newport  made  a  strong  but  unsuccessful 
bid.  There  were  cogent  reasons  why  it  should  be 
located  elsewhere.  Mr.  Upham  resigned  his  charge 
in  1771,  to  be  succeeded  by  Erasmus  Kelley,  who 
was  ordained  on  the  9th  of  October.  He  was  born 
in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  July  24,  1748,  and  received  his 
education  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  His 
ministry  was  interrupted  by  the  Revolutionary  war 
and  the  British  occupancy  of  the  town.  He  died 
Nov.  7,  1784,  and  the  pastoral  office  thus  made  va- 
cant was  filled  by  the  choice  of  Benjamin  Foster, 
who  began  his  labors  on  the  first  Lord's  day  in 
January,  1785.  He  was  born  in  Danvers,  Mass., 
June  12,  1750,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1774, 
and  September  4  of  the  same  year  was  baptized 
into  the  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Mr.  Foster 
severed  his  pastoral  relations  Sept.  15,  1788,  and 
removed  to  New  York. 

The  doctrinal  position  of  the  church  remained 
unchanged.  The  last  pastor  was  very  pronounced 
in  his  Calvinism.  Under  his  leadership  the  church 
united  with  the  Warren  Association.     So  early  in 


this  period  as  1733-34  the  church  had  agreed  upon 
the  desirableness  of  coming  into  an  association 
with  the  churches  with  which  it  was  in  ecclesiasti- 
cal fellowship.  We  do  not  know  why  the  idea  was 
not  then  realized.  During  Mr.  Foster's  adminis- 
tration, Tate  and  Brady's  collection  of  hj'mns  was 
in  the  service  of  song  superseded  by  Dr.  Watts's 
psalms  and  hymns.  A  few  names  may  here  be 
mentioned,  as  follows:  Samuel  Fowler,  member  of 
the  last  colonial  Assembly  which  passed  the  bold 
act  that  severed  the  colony  from  Great  Britain  ; 
William  Claggett,  an  ingenious  maker  of  astro- 
nomical and  musical  clocks,  and  who  anticipated 
Franklin  in  some  of  his  experiments  with  elec- 
tricity ;  Ilezekiah  Carpenter  and  Josias  Lyndon, 
both  generous  benefactors  of  the  church,  though 
the  latter,  Gov.  Lyndon,  was  never  a  member  ; 
Benjamin  Hall  and  Joseph  Pike,  made  deacons  in 
178.5. 

Reviewing  the  history  of  the  church  thus  far 
traversed,  we  find  a  noble  record  made.  Strong 
were  many  of  the  men  connected  with  the  church, 
worthy  to  be  leaders  in  Zion  ;  and  the  ministry  was 
able  and  cultivated.  With  scarcely  an  exception 
the  pastors  were  men  of  university  training.  Bcm- 
edict,  having  in  his  history  (1848)  brought  his 
account  of  this  church  down  to  the  close  of  this 
period,  1788,  adds  this  remark:  "We  have  now 
followed  the  succession  of  pastors  of  this  ancient 
community  for  about  a  century  and  a  half,  .  .  . 
and  of  these  nine  pastors  all  but  Mr.  Holmes  (he 
means  Mr.  Peckham)  were  men  of  liberal  educa- 
tion." 

(IV.  1789-1834.)  The  next  pastor's  term  of  ser- 
vice extended  through  nearly  a  half-century. 
Michael  Eddy,  born  in  Swanzey,  Mass.,  in  1700, 
and  ordained  in  the  same  town  in  1785,  was  called 
to  the  pastorship  of  this  church  Aug.  10,  1789.  In 
1792  the  church,  without  assigning  any  reason  for 
the  action,  voted  to  withdraw  from  the  Warren  As- 
sociation, and  it  remained  unassociated  during  the 
remainder  of  Mr.  Eddy's  long  pastorate.  For  a 
number  of  years  .a  union  Sunday-school  was  main- 
tained by  the  several  churches  in  town.  Subse- 
quently the  different  churches  organized  schools  of 
their  own.  That  in  connection  with  this  church 
was  formed  in  1834,  and  the  same  year  the  First 
Baptist  Society  was  incorporated.  During  this 
period  we  seem  to  pass  from  the  ancient  into  the 
modern  world.  Rapid  changes  were  taking  place 
in  modes  of  life.  And  changes  even  in  matters  of 
faith  were  beginning  to  appear.  Suspicions  of 
unsoundness  in  the  faith  clouded  the  closing  years 
of  the  pastor's  life.  A  loosening  in  the  spiritual 
temple  was  manifest.  Some  members  became  Ar- 
minians,  a  few  were  tinctured  even  with  Socinian- 
ism.  Dr.  Channing  was  welcomed  to  preach  in  the 
pulpit.     One  sermon  of  his  made  a  strong  impres- 


NEWPORT 


843 


NEWPORT 


lion.  Nevertheless,  the  majority  of  the  cliurch,  it 
\8  believed,  remained  true,  tlioiigli  it  is  known 
that  a  few  in  their  love  for  pure  orthodoxy  left  the 
church.  James  A.  McKenzie  was  chosen  assistant 
minister  in  1833,  and  the  following  deacons  were 
elected:  Jethro  Bria;i;s,  in  1803:  (Icorge  Tilley,  in 
1813;  Ahner  Pcckham  and  Arnold  Barker,  in 
1822;  Benjamin  W.  Smith  and  Pcle;;  Sanford,  in 
1833.     Mr.  Eddy  died  June  3,  1835. 

{V.  1834-1880.)  Already  the  church  had  called 
to  the  pastoral  office  Arthur  Amasa  Ross,  horn  in 
Thomson,  Conn.,  in  1791,  and  ordained  in  his  na- 
tive town  in  1819,  who  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
pastor  of  this  church  Nov.  9,  1834.  Ilis  preaching 
produced  consternation  among  those  who  had  re- 
ceived "  another  gospel."  In  1836  the  church  re- 
united with  the  Warren  Association.  In  commem- 
oration of  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
settlement  of  the  island  the  pastor  preached,  April 
4  (March  24,  O.S.),  1838,  a  historical  sermon,  in 
which  he  reviewed  the  second  century  of  progn^ss. 
lie  resigned  his  charge  Nov.  1,  1840,  and  Jo.sepli 
Smith  was  invited,  Jan.  2,  1841,  to  succeed  him. 
lie  was  born  in  Hampstead,  N.  II.,  June  31,  1808, 
studied  a  year  (1831-32)  at  the  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution,  and  was  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1837,  and  the  same  year  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  chui-ch  in  AVoonsockct,  11.  I. 
During  his  pastorate  a  new  meeting-house  was 
built,  with  galleries  on  three  sides,  and  containing 
120  pews  on  the  floor.  It  was  dedicated.  May  13, 
1840,  "to  the  worship  of  God,  the  Father,  the  Son, 
and  the  Holy  Ghost."  The  Psalmist  displaced  in 
the  service  of  song  Winchcll's  edition  of  Watts. 
On  the  19th  of  August,  1849,  Mr.  Smith  resigned 
the  pastoral  office,  and  was  succeeded  by  Samuel 
Adlam,  who  was  called  to  the  pastorship  the  14th 
of  the  following  October.  lie  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  Feb.  4,  1798,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  came  to  Boston,  where  he  was  baptized  into 
the  First  Baptist  church.  He  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  West  Medway,  Ma.ss.,  and 
after  two  other  settlements  was  graduated  at  the 
Newtiin  Theological  Institution  in  1838.  It  was 
during  his  ministry  that  twenty  churches,  of  which 
this  was  one,  withdrew  from  the  AVarren  Associa- 
tion and  formed  a  new  body,  which  was  called  the 
Narnigansett  Association.  Mr.  Adlam  resigned 
his  charge  June  27,  1804,  and  March  12,  180.5,  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  C.  E.  Barrows,  D.D.,  who  was 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1858,  and  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1861,  and  on 
the  25th  of  December  of  that  year  was  ordained 
jiastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Peabody,  Mass. 
The  following  brethren  have  during  this  period 
been  elected  deacons:  Benjamin  B.  Howland,  in 
1837;  Samuel  S.  Peckham,  in  1847;  Stephen  S. 
Albro  and  Samuel  Kylcs,  in  1857  ;  Gilbert  Tomp- 


kins, George  M.  Hazard,  Thomas  II.  Clarke,  and 
George  Nasen,  in  1807;  and  in  1.S74,  Arallildreth. 
Mr.  Howland  was  deacon  for  forty  years,  and  for 
fifty  years  was  clerk  of  the  town  and  city  of  Nevr- 
port. 


^#S^S«: 


C.  E.  BARROWS,   D.D. 

During  the  nearly  two  centuries  and  a  half  which 
have  elapsed  since  the  first  members  of  the  church 
entered  into  solemn  covenant  with  one  another  to 
observe  the  public  worship  of  God  and  keep  the 
ordinances  as  given  by  the  Head  of  the  church, 
this  body  has  remained  true  to  its  early  confessions 
of  faith.  Slight  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
statement  of  some  of  the  doctrines,  nevertheless  the 
essential  principles  on  which  the  church  rests  are 
the  same  now  as  at  the  first.  Among  the  prin- 
ciples at  the  beginning  were  these:  that  Christ 
"  may  alone  lay  commands  upon  the  church  with 
respect  to  worship  ;"  that  "  dipping  in  water  is  one 
of  these  commands,  and  that  only  a  believer  may  be 
baptized  ;"  that  "  baptized  believers  have  the  liberty 
to  speak  in  the  a.ssemblies  of  the  saints  for  the  edi- 
fication of  the  whole;"  arid  that  "  no  disciple  of 
Christ  has  a  right  to  constrain  or  restrain  the  con- 
science of  another,  or  to  sock  by  physical  force  to 
compel  men  to  worship  God."  The  church  still 
believes  that  Christ  alone  is  the  rightful  sovereign 
in  the  realm  of  religious  faith  ;  that  liis  will  has 
been  recorded  in  Holy  Scripture,  which  is  a  suffi- 
cient rule  of  doctrine  and  duty  ;  that  it  is  the  will 
of  Christ  that  those  who  have  by  faith  accepted 
him  as  their  Saviour  should  identify  themselves 
with  his  people  by  church  relations  ;  that  the  ordi- 
nances of  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper  belong  to 


NEWrON 


844 


NEW  YORK 


the  church,  and  are  designed  to  set  forth  great 
spiritual  facts, — tlie  first  tlic  origin,  and  the  second 
the  maintenance  of  the  new  life  in  the  soul,  and 
eaeh  in  intimate  and  vital  connection  with  the 
death  of  Christ ;  and  finally,  that  Christ's  church, 
deeply  imhued  with  his  Spirit,  is  the  divinely  ap- 
pointed agency  fur  thi-  evangi-lization  of  the  world. 
Newton,  Prof.  Calvin,  was  horn  in  South- 
borough,  Mass.,  Nov.  2(),  1800.  He  entered  Brown 
University  in  1820,  and  graduated  at  Union  College 
in  1824.  While  in  Brown  University  he  became 
a  Christian  and  was  baptized.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  church  in  Southborough  ;  gradu- 
ated at  Newton  in  182'J,  and  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Bellingham,  Mass.,  the  same  year. 
lie  remained  here  three  years,  and  then  accepted 
an  appointment,  in  1832,  as  professor  in  Waterville 
College.  He  occupied  the  chair  to  which  he  had 
been  elected  for  five  years.  Resigning  his  position 
in  Waterville,  he  was  appointed  professor  in  the 
newly  established  theological  institution  in  Maine. 
With  this  institution  he  was  associated  for  four 
years,  when  ho  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Grafton,  Mass.  Having  decided  to  become  a  phy- 
sician, he  pursued  his  medical  studies  until  he  re- 
ceived tlio  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  medical  institu- 
tion in  Pittstield,  Mass.  During  the  remainder  of 
his  life,  he  was  for  the  most  of  the  time  a  lecturer 
or  professor  in  the  Worcester  Medical  Institution, 
and  finally  its  president.     He  died  Aug.  9,  1853. 

Newton,  Matthew  Turner,  M.D.,  son  of  Dea- 
con Israel  and  Harriet  T.  Newton,  was  born  in 
1830  in  Colchester,  Conn. ;  fitted  for  college  at 
Bacon  Academy  ;  in  1848  chose  the  medical  pro- 
fession, and  in  1851  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  Yale  College;  commenced  practice 
in  Salem,  Conn. ;  represented  Salem  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  1853  :  at  the  close  of  the  Legis- 
lature removed  to  Suflield ;  in  the  civil  war  was 
assistant  surgeon  of  3d  Conn.  Vols. ;  afterwards 
surgeon  of  10th  Conn.  Vols. ;  resumed  practice  in 
Suflield  ;  elected  deacon  of  Second  Baptist  church 
in  Sufiield  in  1875;  has  been  a  trustee  of  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  since  1872;  occupies  a 
high  position  in  society,  and  exerts  a  broad  and 
happy  influence. 

Newton  Theological  Institution  commenced 

its  first  session  on  the  28th  of  November,  1825. 
The  plan  for  the  foundation  of  a  theological  insti- 
tution of  a  high  order  had  long  been  under  contem- 
,jhition,  but  did  not  take  definite  shape  until  the  25th 
of  May,  1825,  when  at  a  large  meeting  of  Baptist 
ministers  and  laymen,  representing  different  sec- 
tions of  New  England,  it  was  decided  to  establish 
such  an  institution,  and  commence  operations  at 
Newton  Centre,  Mass.  The  new  seminary  was 
opened,  with  Rev.  Irah  f  base  as  the  first  instructor 
of  its  students,  with  whom  was  associated,  at  the 


beginning  of  the  second  year,  Rev.  Henry  .1.  Ripley. 
These  two  ])rofessors  constituted  the  faculty  of  in- 
struction for  six  years.  In  1834  the  trustees  added 
Rev.  James  I).  Knowles  to  the  corps  of  instructors, 
and  in  1836,  Rev.  Barnas  Sears.  Upon  the  death 
of  Prof.  Knowles  in  1838,  Prof.  H.  B.  Ilackett, 
then  a  professor  in  Brown  University,  was  called 
to  Newton.  The  early  history  of  the  institution 
was  marked  by  the  usual  experiences  of  such  sem- 
inaries of  learning.  Interest  was  awakened,  some 
funds  raised,  students  increased  faster  than  there 
was  ability  to  meet  their  wants;  then  a  trouble- 
some debt  oppressed  the  hearts  of  friends  and  well- 
wishers  ;  then  came  attempts  to  secure,  first,  an 
endowment  of  §30,000,  then  of  S50,00(),  both  of 
which  attempts  failed  ;  then  another  effort  to 
secure  §100,000  was  made,  and  that  was  success- 
ful. But  the  amount  was  not  yet  deemed  suffi- 
cient to  meet  the  wants  of  the  institution,  and 
there  followed  a  scheme  to  add  $200,(X)0  to  the  en- 
dowment already  existing,  and  success  crowned  the 
effort,  thus  placing  Newton  on  suoli  a  foundation 
that  there  was  every  reason  to  believe  its  future 
prosperity  was  placed  beyond  all  ordinary  contin- 
gencies. 

More  than  700  students  have  enjoyed  the  advan- 
tages of  the  institution,  having  cilitained  their  theo- 
logical education  in  part  or  wholly  within  its  walls. 
Of  this  large  number  more  than  three-fourths  have 
been  pastors  of  churches  in  this  country,  and  about 
60  have  received  appointments  as  missionaries  to 
the  foreign  field.  Not  far  from  55  students  have 
been  called  to-  occupy  prominent  positions  in  our 
colleges  or  theological  seminaries,  either  as  presi- 
dents or  professors,  while  a  large  number  have 
been  useful  as  authors  or  editors.  The  institution 
has  done  a  noble  work  for  the  cause  of  Christ  in 
connection  with  the  denomination,  to  whose  minis- 
try it  has  been  such  a  rich  blessing. 

New  York  Baptist  Home  for  Aged  and  In- 
firm Persons  is  the  name  of  one  of  the  best  insti- 
tutions in  New  York.  It  is  the  outgrowth  of  the 
Ladies'  Home  Society,  organized  in  1869  to  pro- 
vide the  aged,  infirm,  or  destitute  members  of  the 
Baptist  cluirche^  of  New  York  with  a  comfortable 
residence,  with  board,  clothing,  skillful  medical  at- 
tendance, with  thoir  accustomed  religious  services, 
and,  at  their  death,  with  respectable  burial.  In 
its  application  for  means  to  accomplish  its  end  the 
society  met  with  a  generous  response,  and  speedily 
erected  a  large  building  in  Sixty-eighth  Street.  It 
is  six  stories  high,  and  nicely  furnished.  It  does 
not  belie  its  name.  It  has  rooms  for  the  accom- 
modation of  over  a  hundred  inmates.  To  obtain 
the  position  applicants  must  be  recommended  by 
the  pastor  and  deacons  of  the  church  to  ■which  they 
belong,  or  shall  give  other  satisfactory  evidence  of 
their  good  standing  in  a  regular  Baptist  church  for 


P  i';-^l 


B     ■ 


o 
m 


xjcn-  roiiK 


846 


NEW   YORK 


five  years,  must  have  no  means  of  support,  nor  rel- 
atives who  will  provide  for  them,  and  must  pay  to 
the  treasurer  SIOO.  "  Patrons."  who  have  paid 
$1000,  can  enter  one  person  without  the  entrance 
fee,  and,  in  exceptional  cases,  the  trustees  may 
admit  applic.ints  without  the  fee.  A  matron  pre- 
sides over  the  institution,  who  is  chosen  for  her 
jjentleness,  piety,  and  fitness  for  such  a  responsible 
position.  It  is  her  duty  each  day  tii  inquire  after 
the  comfort  and  health  of  the  inmates,  and  provide 
promptly  all  that  may  he  necessary  for  them. 
Both  male  and  female  members  of  the  churches, 
becomini;  poor,  and  with  no  friends  to  support 
them,  find  in  this  building  a  home  in  which  to 
abide  with  comfort  until  called  to  the  etf-rnal  rest. 

New  York  Baptists,  Historical  Sketch  of.— 
.In  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  Rev. 
William  Wickenden,  of  Rhode  Island,  a  Baptist 
minister,  visited  the  little  town  of  New  York  to 
preach  Christ.  lie  labored  for  two  years,  meeting 
with  discouragements  and  persecution.  Without  a 
license  from  the  representatives  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment, he  was  regai-ded  as  a  law-breaker,  and 
thrown  into  prison,  where  he  lingered  for  months. 
For  several  years  afterwards  no  Baptist  minister 
made  New  York  the  scene  of  his  labors.  In  1712, 
Rev.  Valentine  Wightman,  of  Groton,  Conn.,  came 
to  New  York  for  a  short  period ;  during  his  min- 
istry about  a  dozen  persons  were  baptized.  After 
his  removal  Mr.  Nicholas  Eyers  preached  to  the 
struggling  community  which  he  left.  The  follow- 
ing petition  of  his  is  on  record  : 

"To  Ills  Excellency  Willi.\m  Burnet.  Esq.,  Cap- 
tain-General and  Governor-in-Chief  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 
"  The  humble  petition  of  Nicholas  Eyers,  brewer, 
a  Baptist  teacher  in  the  city  of  New  York  : 

"  Sheweth  unto  your  Excellency  that  on  the  first 
Tuesday  of  Feb.,  1715,  at  a  general  quarter  sessions 
of  the  peace,  held  at  the  city  of  New  York,  the  hired 
house  of  your  petitioner,  situated  in  the  broad  street 
of  this  city,  between  the  houses  of  John  Michel 
Eyers  and  Mr.  John  Spratt,  was  registered  for  an 
Anabaptist  meeting-house  within  this  city  ;  that 
the  petitioner  has  it  certified  under  the  hands  of 
sixteen  inhabitants,  of  good  faith  an<l  credit,  that 
he  had  been  a  public  teacher  to  a  Baptist  congre- 
gation within  this  city  for  four  years,  and  some  of 
them  for  less ;  that  he  has  it  certified  by  the  Hon. 
Rip  Van  Dam,  E.sq.,  one  of  his  Majesty's  council 
for  the  province  of  New  York,  to  have  hired  a  hou.se 
in  this  city  from  him  January,  1720.  only  to  be  a 
public  house  for  the  Baptists,  which  he  still  keeps; 
and  as  he  has  obtained  from  the  Mayor  and  Re- 
corder of  this  city  an  ample  certificate  of  his  good 
behavior  and  innocent  conversation,  he  therefore 
humbly  prays : 


"May  it  please  your  Excellency, 

■'  To  grant  and  permit  this  petitioner  to  execute 
the  ministerial  function  of  a  minister  within  this 
city  to  a  Baptist  congregation,  and  to  give  him  pro- 
tection therein,  according  to  his  Majesty's  gracious 
indulgence  extended  towards  the  Protestants  dis- 
senting from  the  Established  Church,  he  being 
willing  to  comply  with  all  that  is  required  by  the 
Act  of  Toleration  from  dissenters  of  that  persuasion 
in  Great  Britain,  and  being  owned  for  a  reverend 
brother  by  other  Baptist  teachers. 

"  As  in  duty  bound  the  petitioner  shall  ever 
pray. 

"Nicholas  Evers." 

After  this  petition  was  granted  the  community 
to  which  Mr.  Eyers  ministered  enjoyed  consider- 
able prosperity,  and  in  1724  a  church  w.is  formally 
organized,  and  subsequently  a  meeting-house  was 
built  on  Golden  Ilill,  near  John  Street,  of  which 
they  were  depi-ived  in  a  few  years  by  the  action  of 
one  of  their  own  trustees,  who  had  the  house  sold. 
Mr.  Eyers  was  pastor  of  the  cliurch  for  seven  years. 
After  1732  the  community  disbanded.  The  church 
of  Mr.  Eyers  is  described  as  an  "  Arminian"  com- 
munity. 

In  174.3,  Jeremiah  Dodge,  a  member  of  the  Fish- 
kill  Baptist  church,  who  lived  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  opened  his  house  for  the  Baptist  wor.ship, 
instituted  by  his  Master  and  precious  to  hiuiself. 
Benjamin  Miller,  of  New  Jersey,  was  accustomed 
to  preach  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Dodge.  Some  of  the 
meinlters  of  the  Free-Will  Church,  whom  the  Lord 
h.id  taught  to  renounce  Arminianism,  joined  Mr. 
Dodge  in  sustaining  the  new  movement.  Joseph 
Mocks,  who  was  baptized  the  first  year  that  Mr. 
Dodge  h,ad  preaching  in  his  house,  greatly  contrib- 
uted to  the  continued  existence  of  this  Baptist  en- 
terprise. John  Pine,  a  licentiate  of  the  Fislikill 
church,  preached  for  them  for  some  time.  In  1747 
the  Scotch  Plains  church,  New  Jersey,  was  consti- 
tuted, and  in  1753  the  thirteen  New  York  Baptists 
united  with  the  community  at  Scotch  Plains.  Ben- 
jamin Miller,  the  pastor  of  the  church,  needed 
more  room  for  his  New  York  hearers  th.in  a  dwell- 
ing-house could  afford,  and  a  rigging-loft  w.as  se- 
cured in  C.art-and-IIorse  Street,  now  William  Street, 
in  which  the  future  First  church  of  New  York  held 
its  meetings  for  several  years.  They  erected  their 
first  church  edifice  on  Gold  Street,  which  was  opened 
in  March,  1700.  On  the  19th  of  June,  1762,  twenty- 
seven  persons,  who  had  received  letters  of  dismis- 
siim  for  the  purpose  from  the  Scotch  Plains  church, 
formed  the  First  Regular  Baptist  church  of  New 
York  City.  The  same  day  John  Gano,  of  New  Jer- 
sey, entered  upon  his  duties  as  pastor  of  the  church, 
and  in  two  or  three  years  the  membership  exceeded 
two  hundred.     The  house  h.ad  to  be  enlarged,  and 


NEW   YORK 


847 


NEW   YORK 


soon  it  was  filled  to  overflowing.  The  eloquence 
and  piety  of  Mr.  Gano  luade  him  one  of  the  most 
po]iular  ministers  in  the  colonies. 

During  the  Revolution  the  church  w;is  dispersed; 
baptism  was  not  administered  from  April,  1776,  to 
September,  1784.  Mr.  Gano  was  a  brave  patriot, 
ami  he  entered  the  army  as  a  chaplain.  This  po- 
sition he  held  throughout  the  war.  When  the 
enemy  evacuated  New  York  he  returned,  to  find 
only  thirty-seven  members  of  his  church.  The 
church  edifice  had  been  used  as  a  stable,  but  it  was 
soon  renovated  ;  and  on  the  resumption  of  divine 
worship  the  Lord  visited  them  again,  and  in  two 
years  the  church  numbered  more  than  two  hun- 
dred. Mr.  Gano  left  it  in  1788  for  Kentucky,  and 
he  continued  there  until  his  death,  in  1804. 

In  1788,  Rev.  Dr.  Benjamin  Foster,  of  Rhode 
Island,  became  pastor  of  the  church,  who  died  of  yel- 
low fever  in  1798,  after  exercising  his  ministry  with 
much  acceptance  and  success  for  nearly  ten  years. 
The  Rev.  William  Collier,  of  Boston,  accepted  the 
pastorate  in  ISOO,  and  in  1803  the  church  opened  a 
new  stone  meeting-house,  65  by  80  feet,  which  cost 
$25,000.  Mr.  Collier  resigned  in  1804.  In  the 
same  year  the  Rev.  William  Parkinson  succeeded 
Mr.  Collier,  and  continued  pastor  till  1840.  In 
1841,  Rev.  Dr.  Cone  took  the  oversight  of  the  First 
cliurch,  and  held  that  office  till  1855.  The  Rev.  A. 
Kingman  Nott  was  elected  his  successor,  and  was 
drowned  July  7,  1859,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ander.son 
followed  Mr.  Nott.  Dr.  John  Peddie  is  the  present 
pastor.  This  mother  of  churches  has  had  an  illus- 
trious succession  of  shepherds,  men  of  God  and  men 
of  remarkable  talents ;  and  she  has  had,  and  has 
still,  a  membership  worthy  of  her  pastors. 

In  New  York,  and  in  its  suburbs  and  surround- 
ing cities,  there  are  now  more  than  one  hundred 
churches,  where  a  century  ago  our  single  Baptist 
church  edifice  was  a  stable  for  British  cavalry 
horses,  and  its  male  members  were  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary army  or  in  the  graves  of  patriots. 

There  were  Baptists  settled  at  Oyster  Bay,  Long 
Island,  probably  not  many  years  after  William 
Wickenden  preached  in  New  York  City.  They 
were  found  here  in  1700,  with  William  Rhodes,  a 
licentiate,  as  their  preacher,  under  whose  minis- 
trations converts  were  brought  to  Jesus,  and 
among  them  Robert  Feeks,  who  was  ordained 
pastor  in  1724.  Fishkill  hail  a  Baptist  church  in 
1745,  of  which  Jeremiah  Dodge  was  a  member, 
who  had  removed  to  New  York,  and  in  that  year 
opened  his  house  for  Baptist  worship.  Northeast 
church  was  founded  in  1751,  by  men  who  had  been 
brought  to  Christ  in  the  great  revivals  in  the  time 
of  Wliitefield  ;  Simon  Dakin  was  their  first  pastor. 
The  First  church  of  Dover  was  constituted  in 
1757,  and  the  next  year  Rev.  Samuel  Waldo  be- 
came their  pastor,  and  held  that  position  for  thirty- 


five  years.  In  1759  the  church  at  Stanford  was 
organized.  The  Warwick  church  was  formed  in 
1766.  by  Rev.  James  Benedict,  and  from  a  small 
membership  it  .soon  began  to  prosper,  ami  early  in 
its  history  it  established  several  new  churches. 
Fnun  these  seed-scattering  communities,  and  from 
Baptists  coming  from  New  England,  our  principles 
SKon  after  this  date,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  began  to  spread  with  extraordinary  rapid- 
ity, and  this  was  especially  true  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State. 

The  first  Baptist  meeting  in  Western  New  York 
was  held  at  Butternuts,  in  1773.  within  the  present 
limits  of  Otsego  County.  In  1776  another  meeting 
for  worship  was  established  by  six  baptized  Indians, 
at  Brothertown,  now  in  the  county  of  Oneida.  These 
red  brethren  came  from  Connecticut  and  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  The  community  at  Butternuts  was 
scattered  by  the  Revolutionary  war,  but  four  of 
the  families  composing  it  returned  after  the  proc- 
lamation of  peace,  and  the  next  year  revived  their 
meetings  for  public  worship,  and  in  August,  1793, 
they  were  recognized  as  a  regular  Baptist  church. 
In  1789,  Rev.  William  Furman  settled  in  Spring- 
field, Otsego  Co.,  and  at  once  began  the  preaching 
of  the  gospel,  which  was  soon  made  powerful  to  the 
conversion  of  souls,  and  a  church  was  formed,  con- 
sisting of  30  members,  in  1789;  the  church  in 
Franklin,  Delaware  Co.,  was  constituted  in  1792; 
in  1794  the  Kortright  church,  Delaware  County, 
and  the  First,  Second,  and  Third  Burlington 
churches,  Otsego  County,  were  organized.  And 
the  word  of  God  had  free  course,  and  was  glorified 
in  the  conversion  of  throngs  and  in  the  formation 
of  great  numbers  of  churches.  On  Sept.  2,  1795, 
under  the  leadership  of  Rev.  William  Furman,  the 
ministers  and  messengers  of  thirteen  churches  met 
at  Springfield  and  formed  the  Otsego  Association. 
The  sessions  were  full  of  joy,  hope,  and  the  love  of 
Christ.  In  1800  this  body  contained  37  churches, 
with  1718  members,  nearly  two-tifths  of  all  the 
Baptist  church  members  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
The  advantages  conferred  by  the  Otsego  Association 
led  to  the  formation,  in  ISOl.  of  the  Cayuga  Asso- 
ciation, and  similar  needs  and  benefits  resulted  in 
the  organization  of  others,  and  such  an  era  of  al- 
most unbounded  prosperity  ble.ssed  the  denomina- 
tion in  We.stern  New  York  that  in  1846  there  were 
thirty  Associations  in  that  field. 

Among  the  instrumentalifies  greatly  favored  of 
God  in  spreading  the  gospel  in  Western  New  York 
was  the  "  Lake  Missionary  Society,"  founded  in 
Pompey.  Onondaga  Co.,  in  the  house  of  Rev.  Jona- 
than Baker,  Aug.  27, 1807.  This  body,  at  its  meet- 
ing in  German  in  1808,  assumed  the  name  of  the 
"  Hamilton  Missionary  Society."  It  employed  men 
of  great  zeal  an<l  ability  to  preach  Christ,  and  its 
success  was  very  great.     It  was  nobly  assisted  by 


NKir   VOliK 


848 


KKiy   YORK 


the  "  Hamilton  Female  Society''  and  otlier  women's 
organizations  existing  for  the  same  purpose;  the 
first  contriliutiun  from  this  source  canio  on  Feb.  19, 
1812.  The  Massachusetts  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety sent  laborers  into  this  field.  Tlie  "  New  York 
Missionary  Society''  performed  some  mission  ser- 
vice among  the  Tuscarura  Indians.  On  Nov.  21, 
1821,  at  Mentz,  Cayuga  Co.,  the  "Baptist  Upmes- 
tic  Missionary  Convention  of  the  State  of  New 
York"  was  founded,  and  for  an  account  of  its 
growth,  changes,  and  great  usefulness,  see  article 
on  New  York  St.vte  Missionarv  Convention. 

An  educated  ministry  for  our  rapidly-increasing 
churches  was  long  felt  to  be  an  absolute  necessity. 
To  meet  this  pressing  demand,  on  Sept.  24,  1817, 
the  "  Baptist  Education  Society  of  the  State  of  New 
York"  was  formed.  The  first  applicant  for  its  pa- 
tronage was  Dr.  AVade,  subseriuently  of  Burmah. 
Dr.  Kincaid,  a  member  of  the  same  class,  and  a 
laborer  in  the  same  heathen  field,  was  among  the 
earliest  to  receive  its  advantages.  For  two  years 
the  students  were  taught  by  private  instructors, 
and  at  academies,  until  the  spring  of  1820,  when 
the  Hamilton  "  Literary  and  Theological  Institu- 
tion" was  founded,  which  finally  became  Madison 
University,  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and 
Colgate  Academy.  The  institutions  at  Hamilton 
have  done  more  for  New  York,  New  England,  the 
Middle  and  Western  States,  and  Burmah  than  any 
human  pen  will  ever  record.  Rochester  Univer- 
sity, with  its  brilliant  history,  came  from  Hamilton. 

For  the  Baptist  newspapers  of  New  York,  see 
articles  on  The  E.v.\min-er  and  Chronicle,  Tue 
Baptist  Weekly,  and  The  AVatch-Toher. 

The  '■  New  York  Association"  is  the  best-known 
body  of  that  character  In  the  State.  In  the  min- 
utes of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association  for 
1790  we  find  the  following :  "  The  request  of  the 
churches  at  Stamford,  Warwick,  First  and  Second 
of  New  York,  King  Street,  and  Staten  Island,  for 
permission  to  join  other  Associations  if  it  should  be 
found  more  convenient,  is  granted."  The  Associ- 
ation was  formed  Oct.  19,  1791.  The  Rev.  Elkanah 
Holmes  was  chosen  moderator,  and  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Foster,  pastor  of  the  First  church,  clerk.  Dr.  Fos- 
ter preached  the  first  seruion  before  the  Association 
from  the  text,  "  Many  shall  run  to  and  fro,  and 
knowledge  shall  be  increased."  The  meeting  was 
held  in  the  First  church  of  New  York.  On  May 
2,  1805,  the  Fayette  Street,  better  known  as  the 
Oliver  Street  church,  was  received  into  the  Asso- 
ciation;  the  messengers  representing  it  on  that 
occasion  were  John  Williams,  pastor,  and  .John 
Withington,  Jacob  Smith,  John  Cauldwell,  and 
Francis  Wayland.  The  New  York  Association 
has  been  remarkably  active  and  useful  in  extend- 
ing the  Redeemer's  kingdom  throughout  the  State, 
and  its  members  have  ever  shown  a  spirit  of  en- 


lightened liberality  in  their  contriliutions  to  spread 
the  gospel  all  over  this  and  many  other  lands. 

There  are  now  44  Associations  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  877  churches,  801  ordained  ministers, 
114,094  church  members,  and  878  Sunday-schools, 
with  13,101  officers  and  teachers,  and  91,217  schol- 
ars. In  New  York  the  Baptist  denomination  is  but 
of  yesterday,  and  yet  its  numbers,  intelligence,  re- 
sources, piety,  and  iailucnce  exhibit  a  miracle  of 
prosperity. 

New  York,  The  First  Baptist  Church  of.— 

This  splendid  edifice  was  dedicated  to  the  worship 
of  Almighty  God  in  October,  1871.  The  church 
and  chapel,  with  their  ground  and  furniture,  cost 
$197,500.  The  edifice  is  free  from  debt.  The  spire, 
like  the  whole  structure,  is  of  brownstone.  Dr. 
John  Peddle  is  the  devoted  and  popular  pastor  of 
the  venerable  community  worshiping  in  the  superb 
edifice  represented  in  our  picture. 
New  York  State  Missionary  Convention, 

The. — .Vvailiug  ourselves  of  facts  stated  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Convention  for  IS8(),  it  may 
be  interesting  to  saj'  that  the  first  Baptist  church 
organized  in  New  York  State  west  of  the  Hudson 
was  in  1789,  at  Springfield,  Otsego  Co.,  and  in 
1795  the  Otsego  Association  was  organized  with  13 
churches  and  5  ministers.  In  1802  its  churches 
had  increased  to  42,  and  its  ministers  to  9.  There 
were  at  this  time  in  the  whole  State  of  New  York 
only  86  churches,  with  not  more  than  5000  mem- 
bers. In  1817  the  number  of  churches  was  310, 
with  28,000  members.  Now,  in  1880,  the  numl)er 
of  churches  is  877,  with  nearly  115,000  members. 
In  1802  the  population  of  the  Empire  State  was 
about  t)50,000;  in  1880  it  is  fully  5,000,000.  The 
Baptist  denomination  in  the  same  years  has  in- 
creased more  than  three  times  faster  than  the  pop- 
ulation, and  in  the  decade  ending  with  1880  the 
growth  has  been  more  rapid  than  that  of  the  pop- 
ulation. 

To  no  other  cause  than  to  the  character  of  the 
first  and  second  generations  of  pioneer  Baptist 
ministers  can  this  large  growth  be  ascribed.  Most 
of  the  first  generation  died  early  in  this  century, 
and  few  of  them  lived  later  than  1825.  But  how 
can  this  generation  estimate  the  debt  it  owes  to 
such  ministers  of  the  Lord  Jesus  as  Joseph  Cor- 
nell, Ashbel  Hosmer,  William  Furman,  Salmon 
Morton,  Obed  Warren,  David  Irish,  Emoiy  Os- 
good, John  Lawton,  Joel  Butler,  Sylvanus  Ilaynes, 
Ora  Butler,  Lemuel  Covill,  and  Jonathan  Ferris? 
And  to  such  laymen  as  Squire  Munro,  Jonathan 
Olmsted,  Samuel  Payne,  Ebenezer  Wakely,  and 
John  K(;ep?  These  were  noble  men  of  the  first 
generation  of  Baptist  pioneers,  and  before  they  had 
entered  into  rest  another  generation  on  whom  their 
mantle  had  fallen  took  up  their  work  and  bore  their 
responsibilities.     They  included  such  ministers  as 


HKjl     liAlllsl     lllLliCa,    NEH'     VOKK. 


NEW   YORK 


850 


NEW  YORK 


Alfred  Bennett,  Natlianiel  Kcndrick,  l»aniel  lias- 
call,  John  Peek,  Cald)  Douglass,  John  Bl(nlf;ett, 
Lewis  Leonard,  Cornelius  P.  Wyckofl',  Elou  (ialu- 
sha,  Jolin  Smitzer,  Bartholomew  T.  Welch.  Spencer 
H.  Cone,  Oliver  C.  Conistock,  and  Elisha  TucTcer, 
and  such  laymen  as  William  Colpite.  Friend  Tlum- 
fihrey,  Alexander  M.  Becbee,  Seneca  15.  Burchard, 
Asa  Bennett,  Oren  Sage,  and  William  Coblj. 

These  men  knew  how  to  discern  the  signs  of 
coming  events  and  obligations,  and  to  make  ready 
for  them.  In  1807  they  formed  the  Hamilton  Mis- 
sionary Society,  and  its  field  was  wider  than  the 
State.  In  1S12,  Mr.s.  Betsey  Payne  and  Mrs.  Free- 
dom Olmsted  attended  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
society  as  delegates  from  what  was  called  the  Ham- 
ilton Female  Missionary  Society,  and  carried  with 
them  twenty  yards  of  fulled  cloth  as  their  society's 
contribution  to  the  larger  treasury.  This  was  the 
first  woman's  Baptist  missionary  society  known 
■west  of  the  Hudson,  but  it  soon  became  the  mother 
of  a  large  number  of  like  societies  over  all  the  State. 
In  1814,  Rev.  John  ]M.  Peck  attended  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Hamilton  Society  as  the  represent- 
ative of  Luther  Rice,  and  the  society  took  imme- 
diate measures  to  awaken  a  spirited  cooperation 
in  the  work  of  foreign  missions.  In  the  same  year 
the  necessity  of  a  religious  paper,  devoted  largely 
to  religious  news,  was  felt,  and  a  quarterly  paper, 
called  The  Vehicle,  was  set  agoing,  which  was  sub- 
sequently merged  in  the  New  York  Baptist  Regis- 
ter. In  1817  the  New  York  State  Baptist  Education 
Society  was  organized,  and  in  liS2l)  the  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution  was  started 
upon  its  beneficent  career.  In  18121,  prompted  by 
the  Hudson  River  Association,  the  State  Missionary 
Convention  was  organized  at  Mentz,  near  Auburn, 
and  in  1825  the  long-desired  unionof  the  Hamilton 
Missionary  Society  and  the  State  Convention  was 
effected. 

AVhat  this  State  Convention,  dating  back  by  this 
union  to  the  year  1807,  has  done  appears  in  its 
helping  to  make  strong  and  self-supporting  such 
churches  as  Binghamton,  Owego,  Waverly,  Corn- 
ing. First  and  Emmanuel,  Buffalo,  First  and  Sec- 
ond, Rochester,  Ogdensburg,  and  scores  of  others 
in  every  part  of  the  State.  But.  like  most  other 
good  movements,  the  Convention  has  bad  a  check- 
ered history.  It  took  several  years  to  bring  about 
a  union  between  it  and  the  Hamilton  Missionary 
Society.  But  some  years  after  the  union  was  ef- 
fected a  new  and  rather  sharp  trial  came  in  settling 
the  relations  that  should  exist  between  the  Conven- 
tion and  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety. An  auxiliary  relationship  w.as  finally  fixed 
upon,  and  it  was  made  the  duty  of  the  Convention 
to  act  as  a  collecting  agency  for  the  Home  Mission 
Society,  so  as  to  avoid  two  sets  of  appeals  to  the 
churches.     But  it  was  found,  after  some  years  of 


trial,  that  the  plan  did  not  work  well.  Then  came 
the  conflict  of  a  re-adjustnicnt,  which  ended  in  mak- 
ing the  State  of  New  York  open  to  the  agents  of 
both  organizations.  But  the  Convention  continued 
to  do  good  work  for  the  means  at  its  command  under 
this  arrangement  to  the  year  1868,  when  the  co-op- 
erative system  was  adopted,  by  which  all  the  home 
and  domestic  money  of  the  State  went  into  the  Home 
Mission  Society's  treasury,  and  the  State  mission- 
aries were  paid  out  of  that  general  fund.  The 
effect  of  this  was  to  make  the  State  Convention 
less  influential  and  successful  as  a  purely  State 
organization. 

In  1874  the  Convention  was  reorganized  at  Ilor- 
nellsville,  N.  Y.,  under  a  new  constitution,  the 
main  purpose  of  which  was  to  make  it  a  strictly 
State  organization,  more  distinctively  representa- 
tive in  its  character  and  less  complicated  in  its 
structure.  It  was  provided  that  its  sole  object 
should  be  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  State 
missionary,  educational,  and  Sunday-.school  work, 
and  that  its  efforts  should  be  directed  by  an  exec- 
utive committee  of  seven  men  living  in  the  city  of 
New  York  and  vicinity.  In  these  six  years  a  larger 
and  better  work  has  been  done  within  the  State 
than  in  any  other  corresponding  period  in  the  Con- 
vention's history.  Each  year  has  been  an  advance 
over  the  one  preceding  it  in  the  number  of  mis- 
sionaries commissioned,  the  work  done,  and  the 
amount  of  money  received.  In  the  year  closing 
with  October,  1880,  the  total  receipts  and  disburse- 
ments were  .$11,978.31.  During  the  year  7-3  mis- 
sionaries were  commissioned,  as  against  61  the 
previous  year ;  and  from  70  of  these  reports  were 
received  quarterly  up  to  October  1.  These  show  a 
total  of  2344  weeks'  labor  performed,  6230  sermons 
preached,  3931  prayer-meetings  held,  12.476  re- 
ligious visits,  242  churches  and  out-stations  sup- 
plied, and  260  persons  baptized  by  the  missionaries 
themselves.  The  late  annual  meetings  of  the  Con- 
vention have  been  distinguished  for  their  unity  and 
ability,  and  for  their  benign  influence  on  all  the 
denominational  interests  of  the  State. 

New  York  Watch-Tower,  The,  is  a  weekly 

journal  devoted  to  Christian  work  in  the  Baptist 
denomination.  It  was  at  first  called  The  Baptist 
Ontlook,  edited  by  Justin  D.  Fulton,  D.D.,  but  in 
1878  its  name  was  changed,  and  John  W.  Olmstead, 
D.D.,  became  the  editor  and  proprietor.  It  ap- 
peared at  first  in  the  quarto  form,  but  increase  of 
patronage  led  to  enlargement  and  a  change  to  the 
folio  form.  Its  plan  is  to  furnish  a  good  Baptist 
newspaper  at  so  low  a  price  that  the  less  able  mem- 
bers of  our  churches  will  be  induced  to  take  it. 
In  November,  1880,  the  paper  was  further  enlarged 
and  improved  under  the  auspices  of  Tlic  Watch- 
Tnwer  Publishing  Co.,  Dr.  Olmstead,  editor-in- 
chief,  with  able  assistants.     It  is  loyal  to  Christ 


NILES 


851 


NOEL 


and  the  Baptist  faith  and  practice.  It  is  the  special 
champion  of  the  "  Bible  Union''  principles,  of  pure 
versions  in  the  English  as  well  as  fureign  tongues. 
As  a  journalist,  Dr.  Olmstead,  so  long  the  editor  of 
the  Watchman  and  Reflector,  of  Boston,  stands  de- 
servedly high.  A  large  part  of  his  paper  is  filled 
with  carefully-written  editorial  matter.  Ilis  dis- 
cussions of  religious  and  denominational  matters 
are  calm,  dignified,  and  forcible.  The  Watch-Tower 
is  growing  in  pulilic  favor  and  patronage. 

Niles,  Rev.  Asa,  was  born  in  North  Middle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1777.  lie  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin  in  1800,  and  united  with  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  He  stu<lied  for 
a  time  with  Kcv.  W.  Williams,  of  Wrentham,  Mass., 
and  at  a  meeting  of  the  W  arren  Baptist  Association 
at  Warren,  R.  I.,  in  1805,  ho  was  ordained  as  an 
evangelist.  He  commenced  at  once  to  preach,  and 
labored  in  several  places,  not  remaining  long  in  any 
one  of  them.  He  was  also  a  missionary  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Convention  for  some  time,  doing  the 
work  iif  an  evangelistin  different  parts  of  the  >State. 
In  1832  he  removed  to  North  Middlebnrough,  and 
preached  there  for  two  years.  His  death  occurred 
April  15,  1849. 

Nisbet,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  was  bom  June  20, 
1826,  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland.     He  came  with  his 


EBENEZER    NISBET,  D.D. 

parents  to  America  in  1834.  The  family  settled  in 
Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.  After  some  years  tliey  removed 
to  the  neighborhood  of  Owego,  N.  Y.,  at  whose 
academy  Ebenezer  prepared  for  the  University  of 
Rochester,  in   which   he  graduated   in    1853.     He 


entered  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  the  same 
year,  and  graduated  in  1855.  He  remained  as  a 
resident  graduate  at  Rochester  for  a  year,  and  then 
settled  at  East  Avon,  N.  Y.,  and  was  ordained  Sept. 
5,  1856.  He  was  pastor  at  East  Avon  and  Brock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  at  Rock  Island,  111.,  and  he  is  now  pastor  at 
Leavenworth,  Kansas.  During  his  labors  at  East 
Avon  the  membership  nearly  doubled,  large  acces- 
sions were  made  at  Brockport,  342  were  admitted 
to  the  Fond  du  Lac  church,  and  above  200  at  Roch- 
ester. At  Rock  Island  he  was  instrumental  in 
largely  relieving  the  church  of  a  burdensome  debt, 
while  at  Leavenworth  under  his  administration  a 
debt  of  above  $16,000  has  been  removed.  The 
University  of  Chicago  bestowed  upon  him,  in  June, 
1868,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  deliv- 
ered the  following  year  in  the  university  building, 
before  the  Ministers'  Institute  of  the  Northwest,  a 
course  of  lectures  on  "  Science  and  Religion."  He 
was  appointed,  in  1881.  liy  the  governor  of  Kan- 
sas, one  of  the  regents  of  the  State  Univer.sity.  He 
is  the  author  of  an  able  work  on  the  Resurrection, 
and  he  has  also  written  several  review  articles. 
Quite  a  number  of  his  sermons  have  been  pub- 
lished by  request. 

Nix,  Rev.  Allen,  an  able  pioneer  preacher  of 
Ouachita  Baptist  Association,  La.,  ilied  in  Cata- 
houla Parish  in  1847.  At  the  time  of  his  death  be 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  on  Little 
River. 

Xoble,  Rev.  Mark,  was  born  in  Old  Charlton, 
Kent,  England,  Nov.  25,  1836  ;  was  converted 
under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  C.  II.  Spurgeon,  by 
whom  he  was  baptized  Dec.  1,  18.59.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Necton,  Norfolk,  England.  Mr.  Noble 
was  brought  up  by  his  maternal  grandparents.  In 
early  life  he  studied  architecture.  lie  entered  Mr. 
Spurgeon"s  college  in  1862.  He  had  charge  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Carleton  Road,  Norfolk,  which 
he  resigned  to  come  to  America,  in  1870.  He  ar- 
rived in  Fairbury,  Neb.,  March  10,  1870.  Under 
his  labors  the  Baptist  church  in  Fairbury  was  or- 
ganized, July  3,  1870;  also,  July  5,  1870,  the  Dry 
Branch  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Noble  has  served 
these  churches  since  their  formation,  and  has  or- 
ganized other  churches.  He  has  labored  indus- 
triously and  successfully  amid  many  privations. 

Noel,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Baptist  W.,  was  for  many 
years  an  eminent  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, but  fri>m  1848  he  was  identified  with  the  Eng- 
lish Baptists.  He  was  the  brother  of  the  Earl  of 
Gainsborough.  He  was  educated  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  graduating  with  distinction  in  1826. 
Having  been  ordained,  he  became  minister  of  St. 
John's,  Bedford-row,  London,  where  he  preached 
to  a  very  numerous  audience  of  the  upper  classes 
until   his  secession  from  the  Established  Church. 


NOEL 


852 


NOEL 


He  was  universally  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
eminent  preaolicrs  in  the  metropolis,  and  a  leader 
of  the  evanj;elical  party.  He  was  one  of  the  royal 
chaplains,  and  according  to  coiiimon  report  more 


HON.  .\ND    REV.   BAPTIST    W .  NOEL. 

than  once  declined  promotion  to  the  Episcopal 
bench,  llis  secession  was  the  leading  event  in 
English  ecclesiastical  affairs  for  some  time.  The 
publication  of  his  book  on  the  •'  Union  of  Church 
and  State"  excited  much  curiosity  concerning  his 
future  course.  At  length  he  avowed  himself  con- 
vinced of  the  Scripturalness  of  Baptist  principles, 
and  was  publicly  baptized  in  London,  Aug.  9,  1849. 
He  published  two  essays  about  the  same  time  on 
the  ••E.\ternal  Act  of  Baptism"  and  "Christian 
Baptism."  Soon  after,  he  entered  upon  his  min- 
istry in  John  Street  Chapel,  as  successor  to  the 
venerable  John  Harrington  Evans,  near  the  scene 
of  his  labors  as  a  State  Church  clergyman.  Here 
he  ministered  until  1S6S,  when,  having  attained 
his  seventieth  year,  he  resigned  his  pastoral  charge, 
and  engaged  occasionally  in  evangelistic  services 
in  ditferent  parts  of  the  country,  as  he  had  done 
for  some  time  after  his  retirement  from  the  Church 
of  England.  As  an  Episcopal  minister  he  had 
wielded  a  moral  influence  scarcely  second  to  that 
of  any  of  his  contemporaries.  This  was  due  to  the 
fine  blending  of  dignity  and  independence  in  his 
character  with  high  spirituality.  When  he  joined 
the  Baptists  these  qualities  were  irradiated  by 
the  sacrifices  he  had  made  for  conscience'  sake. 
Wherever  he  went  to  preach,  immense  throngs, 
belonging  to  almost  every  denomination,  assembled 


to  listen  to  a  man  whose  sincerity  of  motive  was 
beyond  suspicion,  and  whose  whole  demeanor  and 
action  seemed  a  vivid  embodiment  of  the  noblest 
Christian  manhood.  When  he  was  invited  by  the 
Baptist  Union  to  accept  the  highest  honor  which 
his  brethren  have  it  in  their  power  to  bestow,  he 
willingly,  but  with  characteristic  modesty,  accepted 
the  position.  He  filled  the  chair  in  1X07,  the  year 
preceding  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate,  ancl  at 
the  autumnal  meeting  at  Cardiff,  his  unwritten  ad- 
dress on  the  work  of  the  ministry  produced  a  sin- 
gularly powerful  impression.  When  he  retired 
from  the  pulpit  at  John  Street  in  the  following 
year,  his  text  at  both  services  was  Gal.  vi.  14 :  "  God 
forbid  that  I  should  glory,  save  in  the  cross  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  and  he  uttered  scarcely  a  word 
of  personal  reference  during  the  whole  day.  It  is 
a  remarkable  fact  that  nntil  the  time  of  his  depart- 
ure drew  near,  he  was  never  known  to  have  a 
d.ay's  illness  in  his  life.  Dr.  Tyng,  in  his  "  Recol- 
lections of  England,"  published  in  1S47,  described 
Mr.  Noel  as  "certainly  a  most  interesting  and  de- 
lightful preacher:  altogether  extemporaneous; 
mild  and  persuasive  in  his  manner,  yet  sufficiently 
impressive  and  sometimes  powerful,  having  a  very 
clear  and  consistent  How  of  thought."  In  addition 
to  a  variety  of  occasional  sermons,  and  sermons  on 
special  occasions,  Mr.  Noel  published  numerous 
works  of  greater  or  less  celebrity.  Besides  his 
well-known  book  on  Church  and  State,  and  the 
volumes  on  Baptism,  he  published  "  Sermons  on 
the  First  Five  Centuries  of  the  Church,"  1839; 
"Sermons  to  the  Unconverted,"  1840:  "Sermons 
at  St.  James's,"  1842  ;  "  Sermons  at  the  Chapels 
Royal,"  1842  and  1848  ;  "  Case  of  the  Free  Church 
of  Scotland,"  1844;  "  Notes  of  it  Tour  in  Switzer- 
land in  1847  ;"  "  Letters  on  the  Church  of  Rome,'' 
18.52,  etc.  Among  pamphlets  which  excited  con- 
siderable attention,  his  letter  to  the  bishop  of 
London  on  the  spiritual  destitution  of  the  metrop- 
olis was  particularly  effective  for  good.  Also  his 
publications  on  the  Jamaica  Massacres ;  on  the 
"  Duty  of  Englishmen  towards  the  Hindoos,"  and 
on  •'American  Freedom  and  Slavery,"  during  the 
civil  war.  in  this  country,  were  widely  re.id.  He 
died  Sunday  afternoon,  Jan.  19,  1873,  in  his  sev- 
enty-fifth year.  His  amiable  spirit,  exemplary 
character,  fidelity  to  conviction,  and  complete  and 
life-long  consecration  to  the  work  of  the  Lord,  are 
a  precious  possession  to  the  whole  church,  and  par- 
ticularly to  the  Baptist  body,  with  which,  con- 
strained by  conscience,  he  spent  his  maturer  years. 
Noel,  Silas  Mercer,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  Theo- 
doric  Noel,  was  born  near  Richmond,  Va.,  Aug. 
13,  1783.  He  received  a  classical  education,  after 
which  he  studied  law,  and  entered  on  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Frankfort,  Ky.  After  a 
prosperous  career  of  a  few  years,  he  abandoned  the 


NOFFSIXGKIi 


853 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


law  for  the  gospel  ministry,  and  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Big  Spring  Baptist  cliurch  in  Wood- 
ford County.  A  few  years  later  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  about  the  year  ISIT, 
which  position  he  filled  several  years,  when  he  re- 
signed and  resumed  the  active  duties  of  the  min- 
istry. He  traveled  and  preached  extensively,  and, 
(luring  a  number  of  years,  his  success  was  so  great 
that  it  was  said  "  he  baptized  more  people  than  any 
other  preacher  in  Kentucliy."  In  1827  he  became 
pastor  of  Great  Crossing  church  in  Scott  County, 
and  during  the  following  year  baptized  into  its  fel- 
lowship 3.")',)  persons.  He  was  an  author  of  more 
than  ordinary  ability,  and  he  wrote  extensively  for 
the  periodicals  of  his  time.  He  was  the  publisher 
of  a  Baptist  monthly  in  181.3,  which,  however,  was 
suspended  for  want  of  patronage.  In  1836  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington.     Ilis  death  occurred  May  5,  1839. 

Noffsinger,  Rev.  M.  V.,  pastor  at  Macon,  Miss., 
was  li'irn  in  \"ii->:inia.  and  educated  at  Union  Uni- 
versity, Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  He  professed  faith 
at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  was  ordained  in  1862. 
He  has  labored  successfully  as  pastor  at  Marion, 
Va.,  four  years  ;  Jonesborough,  Tenn.,  four  years  : 
Morristown,  Tenn.,  four  years ;  agent  of  Union 
University,  one  year,  adding  ^25,000  to  the  endow- 
ment. He  has  been  some  time  in  his  present  pas- 
torate. He  has  been  successful  as  a  church  builder, 
and  in  removing  debts  from  churches,  lie  is  about 
forty  years  of  age. 

Norris,  S.  M.,  an  active  Sunday-school  laborer 
at  Kingston,  La.,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1813.  He  came  to  Louisiana  in  1853.  Has  accom- 
plished great  good  as  colporteur  and  Sunday-school 
agent. 

Norsworthy,  Rev.  Galbanum,  M.D.,  a  lead- 
ing minister  of  Liljerty  Association,  Arkansas,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina  in  1815;  removed  to  Ar- 
kansas in  1848,  and  engaged  successfully  in  the 
practice  of  medicine  ;  began  to  preach  in  1868,  and 
has  done  much  to  supply  the  destitution  about  him  ; 
is  an  able  preacher  and  forcible  writer. 

North  Carolina,  The  Baptists  of. — 

THEIR   ORIGIN. 

Moore,  in  his  "  History  of  North  Carolina,"  says, 
"  Sir  William  Berkeley,  governor  of  Virginia,  drove 
out  of  that  colony,  in  1653.  the  Baptists  and  Quakers, 
who  found  a  refuge  in  the  Albemarle  region  of  Car- 
olina." Morgan  Edwards  says  there  were  Baptists 
in  North  Carolina  as  early  as  1695,  and  Dr.  Hawks, 
in  enumerating  the  freeholders  in  several  eastern 
counties  of  North  Carolina,  mentions  the  names  of 
many  Baptists,  and  among  them  two  preachers, — 
Paul  Palmer  and  William  Burgess.  The  first 
church,  however,  of  which  we  read  was  not  organ- 
ized till  1727. — some  authorities  say  1729, — in  the 


county  of  Camden,  by  Paul  Palmer,  and  was  called 
Sliiloh.  This  church  still  exists.  Palmer  was  a 
native  of  Welsh  Tract,  Del. 

In  1729  the  Meherrin  church,  which  still  exists, 
and  is  located  near  Murfreesborough.  N.  C,  was 
constituted  by  Joseph  Parker,  who  was  urdained 
by  Paul  Palmer,  of  Camden  County.  In  1750  the 
Meherrin  church  gave  letters  for  the  formation  of 
the  Sandv  Run  church,  in  Bertie  County,  and  from 
these  three  original  churches  Baptist  principles 
were  gradually  l>ut  slowly  disseminated  thmugh 
the  eastern  part  of  the  State. 

In  1742,  Elder  William  Sojourner  came  with  a 
colony  from  Berkeley  Co.,  Va.,  and  settled  on  Ke- 
hukee  Creek,  in  Halifax  County.  In  1752  the 
church  they  founded  had  multiplied  into  sixteen 
churches. 

It  would  seem  from  what  Benedict  says  that  the 
Baptists  of  both  these  settlements  were  Arminian, 
or  Free-Will,  for  some  time,  and  were  accustomed 
to  baptize,  certainly  in  some  cases,  without  requir- 
ing regeneration.  In  1775,  Miller  and  Vanhorn 
were  sent  down  by  the  Philadelphia  Association  to 
look  after  these  irregular  Baptists,  and  with  the 
blessing  of  God  were  enabled  to  effect  a  great  ref- 
ormation among  them.  They  adopted  the  London 
Confession  of  Faith,  published  in  1689,  and  in  1765 
formed  the  Kehukee  Association. 

The  reformation  of  doctrine  alluded  to  above 
must  have  been  but  partial,  however,  as  wt  find  a 
resolution  adopted  at  a  large  meeting  held  at  the 
Falls  of  Tar  River  in  1775.  described  at  length  by 
Burkett  and  Read  in  their  "  History  of  the  Kehu- 
kee Association,'"  in  which  non-fellowship  was  de- 
clared with  those  churches  whose  members  were 
not  converted  before  baptism.  Gradually  the 
churches  came  to  the  old  landmarks  of  Baptist 
faith  and  were  united,  though  for  a  long  time 
Joseph  Parker  and  the  Meherrin  church  did  not 
come  into  the  union. 

The  third,  and  by  far  the  most  prosperous,  colony 
of  Baptists  who  settled  in  North  Carolina  also  came 
from  Berkeley  Co.,Va,,  led  by  Elder  Shubal  Stearns, 
and  settled  on  Sandy  Creek,  then  in  Guilford,  now 
in  Randolph. 

Daniel  Marshall,  the  brother-in-law  of  Mr. 
Stearns,  before  a  Congregationalist,  became  a 
Baptist,  and  was  very  successful  as  an  evangelist. 
The  Sandy  Creek  was  a  most  fruitful  mother  of 
churches,  though  originally  composed  of  but  16 
members.  In  seventeen  years  it  had  organized  42 
churches,  had  ordained  115  ministers,  and  gath- 
ered a  membership  of  600  communicants. 

The  first  Association  formed  in  this  State  was  the 
Sandy  Creek,  in  1758.  In  1792  the  Arminian  Bap- 
tists of  the  eastern  part  of  the  State  united  with  the 
Calvinistic  Baptists  of  this  Association,  and  thus 
the  denomination  became  united,  to  remain  so  till 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


854 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


1827,  when  the  Keliukee  and  Country  Line  Asso- 
ciations left  the  Oid-Scliool  Missionary  Baptists 
and  became  a  new  sect  of  Anti-Missionary  Bap- 
tists. 

In  Dr.  G.  W.  Purefoy's  "  History  of  the  Sandy 
Creek  Association,"  pp.  51-57,  it  is  abundantly 
shown  that  in  1821  the  Country  Line  Association 
was  a  Missionary  body,  and  in  favor  of  Sabbath- 
schools,  and  the  ''  History  of  the  Kehukee  Associ- 
ation," by  Burkett  and  Kead,  shows  that  that  body 
was  composed  of  Missionary  churches  for  many 
years  after  its  organization.  The  Portsmouth  and 
the  Chowan  were  both  daughters  of  the  Kehukee 
Association,  and  were  in  their  origin,  as  they  still 
are,  Missionary  organizations. 

FORMATION   OF   THE   STATE   CONVENTION. 

There  seems  to  have  been  no  general  effort  to 
unite  the  denomination  till  atmut  the  years  1814— 
16,  when  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  Society  for 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions  was  formed.  Who 
were  the  leaders  in  this  movement  does  not  appear, 
but  we  find  that  the  address  to  the  churches  was 
written  by  the  Rev.  Josiah  Crudup,  and  that  the 
famous  Robert  T.  Daniel  was  its  agent.  This  effort 
at  organization  having  failed,  another  society  was 
formed  about  1826,  called  the  Baptist  Benevolent 
Society.  It  drew  together  a  number  of  prominent 
men  in  Greenville  in  1829,  and  after  talking  tho 
matter  over  it  was  pretty  well  agreed  that  they 
would  make  an  effort  to  form  a  Stafe  Convention 
at  their  next  meeting.  In  a  journal  of  Dr.  Samuel 
Wait  it  is  stated  that  Rev.  Thomas  Meredith  pre- 
pared the  constitution  of  the  new  Convention  be- 
fore he  left  his  home  in  Edenton,  and  that  when 
the  Convention  was  formed,  in  the  barn  of  Dr.  J. 
C.  Gorham,  a  leading  Baptist  of  Greenville,  Pitt 
Co.,  March  20,  1830,  that  constitution  was  sub- 
stantially adopted,  and  that  is  still  the  constitution 
of  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  State  Convention. 
Its  second  article  reads  as  follows  :  "  The  primary 
objects  of  this  Convention  shall  be  the  education 
of  young  men  called  of  God  to  the  ministry  and 
approved  of  by  the  churches  to  which  they  respect- 
ively belong,  the  employment  of  missionaries  within 
the  limits  of  the  State,  and  a  co-operation  with  the 
Baptist  General  Convention  of  the  United  Suites  in 
the  promotion  of  missions  in  general." 

At  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution 
the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina,  including  Primi- 
tive, or  Anti-Missionary,  and  Free-Will  Baptists, 
numbered  but  14  Associations,  272  churohes,  and 
15,360  members.  They  had  no  denominational 
paper,  and  no  school,  male  nor  female,  under  con- 
trol of  the  denomination.  Many  of  the  Associations 
scarcely  raised  more  money  at  their  annual  meet- 
ings than  was  necessary  to  defray  the  expenses  of 
printing  their  minutes,  but  the   founders  of  the 


Convention  were  men  of  large  brain,  unflagging 
zeal,  and  earnest  piety.  They  w^ere  the  strongest 
men  of  their  denomination,  and  some  of  them  the 
peers  of  any  men  in  the  State.  They  planned 
largely,  and  worked  zealously  up  to  their  plans. 

The  officers  of  the  Convention  were  P.  W.  Dowd, 
President;  W.  P.  Biddle,  Thomas  Meredith,  and 

C.  McAlister,  Vice-Presidents;  R.  S.  Blount,  Re- 
cording Secretary  :  and  II.  Austin,  Treasurer. 

'I'he  first  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Convention 
consisted  of  Charles  W.  Skinner  and  Henry  A. 
Skinner,  of  Perquimans ;  Elder  Thomas  D.  Ma- 
son, ofGreenville  ;  Daniel  Boon,  of  Johnson  County ; 
Elder  Samuel  Wait,  William  Sanders,  and  Elijah 
Clark,  of  Newbern  ;  Elder  James  I).  Hall,  of  Cur- 
rituck County  ;  Peter  15.  Lawrence  and  James  Hart- 
mers,  of  Tarborough  ;  James  B.  Outlaw,  of  Bertie 
County  ;  W.  B.  Ilinton,  I.  Ilolliman,  and  Elder 
John  Purefoy,  of  Wake  ;  Elder  Jacob  Raseow,  of 
Edenton;  Samuel  Simpson,  of  Craven  ;  Elder  James 
McDaniel,  of  Cumberland  ;  and  G.  llukeby,  of 
Orange. 

The  following  ministers  were  appointed  as  agents 
of  the  Convention,  and  served  without  pay,  viz.: 
P.  W.  Dowd,  Raleigh  ;  Thomas  Meredith,  Edenton ; 
William  P.  Biddle,  Craven  County  ;  James  McDan- 
iel, Cumberland  County;  John  Armstrong,  New- 
bern ;  Reuben  Lawrence,  Bertie  County  ;  Ro))ort 
T.  Daniel  and  Eli  Phillips,  Moore  County;  James 

D.  Hall,  Currituck  County  ;  John  Purefoy,  Wake 
County;  John  Culpepper,  Montgomery  County; 
AVilliam  Dowd,  Stokes  County.  Samuel  Wait  was 
appointed  general  agent  of  the  Convention,  at  a 
salary  of  SI. 00  a  day,  and  John  Armstrong,  corre- 
sponding secretary. 

An  address,  wisennd  m.asterly  in  an  extraordinary 
degree,  was  prepared  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Mere- 
dith and  sent  forth  to  the  churches,  showing  the 
advantages  of  such  an  institution,  answering  objec- 
tions, and  inviting  them  to  unite  in  the  organization. 
The  Convention  was  a  bond  of  union  and  a  source 
of  development,  and  thus  proved  a  great  blessing 
to  the  denomination. 

The  Convention  has  three  boards  or  Executive 
Committees  to  attend  to  the  four  special  depart- 
ments of  work,  the  Board  of  Missions,  Home  and 
Foreign,  located  in  Raleigh  ;  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, located  at  Wake  Forest  College;  and  the  Sun- 
day-School Board,  also  located  in  Raleigh.  These 
boards  are  composed  of  prominent  men,  laymen  as 
well  a"  ministers,  chosen  from  different  parts  of 
the  State,  enough,  however,  residing  in  the  vi<;inity 
of  the  location  of  the  board  to  constitute  a  quorum. 

NORTH    CAROLINA    BAPTISTS    WHO    HAVE    BE- 
COME   DISTINGUISHED    IN    OTHER    STATES. 

As  in  the  field  of  politics  North  Carolina  has 
produced  three  Presidents  of  the  nation,  Jackson, 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


855 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


Polk,  and  Jolinson,  each  of  whom  attained  distinc- 
tion in  other  States,  so  in  the  reahn  of  reliii;ion 
it  is  not  immodest  to  say  that  many  of  tlie  wisest 
and  ahlest  men  wlio  have  adirned  the  Baptist  Zion 
of  the  South  have  gone  fortli  from  this  State.  Silas 
Mercer,  of  Georgia,  was  a  preacher  in  North  Caro- 
lina for  years  before  he  went  South,  and  his  nephew, 
Jesse  Mercer,  the  leader  of  the  Georgia  Baptists  and 
the  founder  and  benefactor  of  Mercer  University, 
was  a  native  of  Halifax  Co.,  N.  C.  The  elder  \V. 
T.  Brantly  and  the  elder  Basil  Manly  were  horn  in 
Chatham  Co.,  N.  C,  within  five  miles  of  each  other, 
and  entered  the  ministry  in  this  State.  John 
Kerr,  who  as  an  orator  was  pronounced  by  Dr. 
Jeter  as  first,  and  no  man  was  second,  and  who  be- 
came so  celeljrated  in  Virginia,  was  born  in  Cas- 
well Co.,  N.  C,  where  he  began  to  preaoli,  and  he 
died  in  North  Carolina.  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  llowell,  so 
long  identified  with  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  and 
among  the  most  distinguished  Baptist  authors  of 
the  South,  was  a  native  of  Wayne  Co.,  N.  C,  and 
began  his  ministry  in  North  Carolina.  Dr.  A.  M. 
Poindexter,  the  prince  of  agents,  and  the  most  elo- 
quent man  the  writer  ever  heard,  was  born  in  Bertie 
Co.,  N.  C.  And  J.  S.  Mims,  the  learned  professor, 
and  Iverson  L.  Brooks,  the  successful  pastor,  l)Oth 
of  South  Carolina,  were  born,  tlie  first  in  Cumber- 
land County,  the  second  in  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C.  All 
these,  with  Saunders,  the  first  president  of  Mercer 
University,  Georgia,  and  Emerson,  of  William 
Jewell  College,  Missouri,  and  Solomon,  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  hundreds  of  other  nseful  and  honored 
men  among  the  Baptists,  have  gone  forth  from  this 
great  Baptist  State. 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  BAPTISTS  IN  NORTH  CARO- 
LINA. 

In  1770  there  were  but  9  churches  in  the  State. 
In  1784  there  were  42  churches,  47  ministers,  3776 
members.  In  1812  there  were  2U4  churches,  117 
ministers,  and  12,567  members.  In  1832  there 
were  332  churches,  211  ministers,  and  18,918 
members.  In  1851  there  were  599  churches,  374 
ministers,  and  41,674  members.  In  1860  there 
wore  092  churches,  374  ministens,  and  59,778 
members.  In  1876  there  were  1442  churches,  793 
ministers,  and  137,000  members.  Their  statistics 
as  reported  for  1880  foot  up  77  Associations,  1905 
churches,  and  172,951  members. 

These  figures  place  North  Carolina  third  among 
tlie  States  as  regards  Baptist  strengtii.  Georgia  is 
first,  Virginia  second,  and  North  Carolina  third. 

North  Carolina,  The  Biblical  Recorder  of— 

No  single  agency  has  done  so  much  to  unito  ;ind 
develop  the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina  as  the  Bibli- 
cal Recorder,  which  for  forty-six  years  has  been 
their  State  organ.  In  1833,  Rev.  Thomas  Meredith, 
then  pastor  in  Edenton,  issued  T/ic  linjitist  Iiitrr- 


pretcr,  a.  monthly  publication,  in  pamphlet  form, 
with  a  list  of  less  than  a  hundred  subscribers.  In 
about  two  years  there  was  a  call  for  a  weekly  paper, 
and  in  January,  1834,  The  BUilical  Recorder  was 
originated  by  the  same  man,  beginning  with  nearly 
1000  subscribers.  The  paper  was  removed  to  New- 
bern  in  1834,  and  to  Raleigh  in  1838,  where  it  is 
now  issued.  About  this  time  the  Recorder  and 
Southern  Watchman,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  were 
united,  and,  until  1842,  it  was  published  under  the 
iit.y\ii  o(  T/te  Recorder  and  Watchman.  In  1842  the 
Recorder  was  suspended  for  six  mcmths,  being  su- 
perseded by  a  monthly  periodical  entitled  The 
Southern  Christian  Repository.  After  six  months, 
however,  the  publication  of  the  Recorder  was  re- 
sumed, and  it  continued  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  Meredith  till  his  death,  in  1851.  For  two  or 
three  years  it  was  edited  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Toby, 
D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Raleigh  church,  and  was  still 
the  property  of  Mrs.  Meredith.  In  1854  the  paper 
was  purchased  by  a  joint-stock  company,  and  Rev. 
J.  J.  James,  one  of  the  proprietors,  became  editor. 
Two  years  afterwards  Mr.  .lames  bought  out  his 
partners,  and  associated  Rev.  J.  S.  Walthal  with 
himself  as  editor,  and  they  continued  these  j-ela- 
tions  until  1861,  when  Rev.  J.  D.  Hufham,  D.D., 
bought  the  journal,  and  edited  it  throughout  the 
war.  In  April,  1865,  by  reason  of  a  want  of  postal 
facilities,  the  Recorder  was  again  suspended  for  a 
time,  but  its  publication  was  resumed  in  the  fall 
of  the  same  year. 

In  1867,  Dr.  Ilufhani  sold  the  paper  to  Dr. 
Walters  and  Mr.  J.  II.  Mills,  who  were  its  joint 
editors  for  a  time.  Mr.  Mills,  however,  became  sole 
proprietor  in  a  few  months,  and  continued  to  con- 
duct the  paper  till  1873,  when  the  Recorder  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Prof.  A.  F.  Read,  who,  after  two 
years'  experience  as  editor,  sold  it  to  Rev.  C.  T. 
Bailey,  who  still  owns  it,  in  connection  with  C.  B. 
Edwards  and  N.  B.  Broughton.  Dr.  J.  D.  Hufham 
was  associate  editor  with  Mr.  Bailey  for  more  than 
.a  year  after  he  took  charge  of  the  Recorder.  Dr. 
T.  H.  Pritchard  was  also  employed  on  the  editorial 
staff  for  two  years,  and  the  Rev.  Harvey  Hatcher 
is  now  the  associate  editor. 

The  Recorder  has  a  subscription-list  of  about 
4500,  and  is  regarded  not  only  as  a  means  of  emi- 
nent usefulness,  but  a  good  property,  yielding  a 
han<lsomc  income  to  the  proprietors. 

North  Carolina,  The  Colored  Baptists  of.— 

There  are  probalily  80,000  colored  Baptists  in  North 
Carolina  in  regular  Baptist  churches.  A  consider- 
able number  also  are  to  be  found  in  Methodist 
churches  who  have  been  immersed,  and  who  do  not 
believe  in  or  practise  infant  baptism.  Up  to  the 
close  of  the  war  the  colored  people  in  most  cases 
were  members  of  the  same  churches  with  the  whites, 
having  a  portion  of  the  meeting-houses  set  apart 


KOHTll   CAliULlXA 


856 


Nonriiitvi' 


for  tlieir  use,  though  in  a  few  instances  they  had 
distinct  organizations  and  their  own  pastors.  As 
was  naturally  to  be  expected,  they  vvitlulrew  from 
tlieir  white  brethren  after  their  liberation,  though 
not  in  all  eases,  for  the  colored  members  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Kaloigh  did  not  retire  till 
nearly  four  years  after  the  war  closed. 

Since  the  war  they  have  grown  rapidly,  and 
have  now  30  Associations,  with  about  750  churches, 
and  a  membership  of  80,000,  and  with  |)robablv 
30,000  teachers  and  scholars  in  their  Sunday- 
schools. 

CONVENTION. 

Their  State  Convention  was  organized  at  Golds- 
borough,  N.  C,  Oct.  17,  1867,  and  they  were  aidinl 
on  this  occasion  by  a  committee  appointed  by  the 
Convention  of  their  white  brethren,  consisting  of 
Revs.  J.  S.  Purefoy,  W.  M.  Young,  A.  D.  Cohen, 
and  C.  J.  Nelson.  Rev.  William  Warwick  was 
chosen  President,  and  L.  W.  Boone,  Seei-etary. 
The  objects  of  their  Convention  are  the  promotion 
of  missions,  ministerial  education,  and  Sunday- 
schools.  This  Convention  met  in  Newbern  in  Oc- 
tober, 1879,  and  its  officers  are  Rev.  Ca3sar  John- 
son, President;  Rev.  II.  A.  Powell,  Vice-President  ; 
E.  E.  Smith,  Secretary ;  Rev.  John  Curly,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary;  Rev.  A.  B.  Williams,  Treas- 
urer; Rev.  G.  W.  Perry,  Auditor. 

They  also  have  a  Sunday-sc^hool  Convention, 
which  meets  annually,  the  last  session  having  been 
held  in  September,  1879,  in  Goldshorough.  They 
have  a  church  organ,  called  the  African  Expositor, 
which  is  issued  monthly. 

Their  corresponding  seci'etai'y  travels  as  an 
agent,  collecting  money,  and  doing  missionary 
work  also. 

As  early  as  1808  the  Convention  voted  that  a 
ehair  of  theology  should  be  established  for  the 
training  of  their  ministers,  and  the  Rev.  II.  M. 
Tupper,  of  the  Shaw  University,  was  chosen  to  fill 
tliis  chair. 

In  addition  to  the  Shaw  University  they  have 
three  academics, — one  at  Plymouth,  one  at  Garys- 
burg,  and  one  at  Goldshorough  ;  the  first  two  are 
paid  for  and  the  other  nearly  .so. 

North  Carolina,  Western  Convention  of.— 

In  17S9  the  French  liroad  Baptist  ehureli  was  or- 
ganized in  that  part  of  North  Carolina  known  as 
west  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  Big  Ivy  church  also 
claims  to  have  been  constituted  about  the  same 
time.  The  first  Association  organized  in  the  west 
was  the  French  Broad,  in  1807,  and  was  formed  by 
the  union  of  six  churches, — Little  Ivy,  Locust's 
Old  Fields,  New  Found,  Caney  River,  French 
Broad,  and  Cane  Creek.  The  first  three  were  dis- 
missed from  the  Ilolston  Association  of  Tennessee; 
the  other  three  from  Broad  River,  in  South  Caro- 
lina.    Its  ordained  ministers  were  Thomas  Snelson, 


Thomas  Justice,  Sim  BIythe,  Benjamin  King,  Hum- 
phrey Posey,  and  Stephen  Morgan. 

Other  churches  and  Associations  having  orig- 
inated in  this  part  of  the  State,  the  Western  Bap- 
tist Convention  was  organized  in  1845  as  an  aux- 
iliary of  the  State  Convention.  In  1857  it  became 
an  independent  body.  At  first  its  territory  ex- 
tended as  far  east  as  the  Yadkin,  but  since  the  late 
war  it  has  confined  its  labors  principally  to  the 
fourteen  counties  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  This 
territory  contains  9  Associations,  representing 
.al>out  20,000  Baptists.  The  Convention  has  three 
boards, — a  Sunday-school  board,  located  at  Ashe- 
ville  ;  a  Mission  board,  located  at  Waynesville  ;  and 
an  iiducation  board,  whose  headquarters  are  at 
Ilendersonville.  In  1853  the  Carolina  liapiist,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  was  started  at  Ilendersonville, 
with  Rev.  James  BIythe  as  editor.  It  suspended 
in  1856,  but  resumed  publication  in  1857.  Soon 
afterwards  it  was  succeeded  by  the  Jiaptist  Telescope, 
W.  A.  G.  Buun  editor,  but  this  paper  lived  only  a 
few  years.  Rev.  N.  Bowen  originated  the  Cn/hii/e 
Visitor,  which  continued  until  1871.  The  Baptist 
Gleaner,  edited  by  Rev.  John  Ammons,  appeared 
in  Asheville  in  1877,  but  lived  only  a  year.  The 
Baptist  Telescope  has  been  revived,  and  is  edited 
by  Rev.  N.  Bowen. 

The  Baptists  sought  to  establish  a  college  at 
Mars  Hill,  in  Madison  County,  before  the  war,  but 
the  prevalence  of  hostilities  caused  the  ^enterprise 
to  be  abandoned,  and  it  has  not  since  been  revived. 
A  school  at  Holly  Springs,  in  Macon  County,  has 
been  under  the  patronage  of  the  denomination  for 
several  ye.ars. 

In  1858  it  was  determined  to  build  a  Baptist 
fenuile  college  at  Ilendersonville.  Rev.  N.  Bowen, 
as  agent,  pushed  the  work,  until  stopped  by  the 
war.  Agi-anite  building,  three  stories  high,  nearly 
complete,  owned  at  present  by  a  joint-stock  com- 
pany, but  controlled  by  the  Baptists,  is  the  result 
of  this  effort.  This  institution,  known  as  the  Jud- 
son  College,  has  a  patronage  of  a  hundred  students 
of  both  sexes,  and  is  presided  over  by  Rev.  W.  A. 
Nelson,  D.D.,  aided  by  a  competent  corps  of  teach- 
ers. The  present  officers  of  the  Convention  are: 
President,  Rev.  N.  Bowen  :  Vice-Presidents,  Rev. 
S.  M.  Collis,  Rev.  John  Ammons;  Secretary,  Co- 
lumbus M.  Williams:  Treasurer,  John  L.  Pleas- 
ants; Historian,  Rev.  D.  B.  Nelson. 

Northrup,  G.  W.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  the  able  and 
distinguished  president  of  the  theological  sem- 
inary at  Chicago,  was  born  at  Antwerp,  Jefferson 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  15,  1826.  From  his  earliest  child- 
hood he  was  under  strong  religious  influences,  his 
father  being  a  man  of  singularly  devout  character 
and  life.  Though  converted,  as  he  believes,  at  the 
age  of  twelve,  it  was  at  the  age  of  sixteen  that  he 
received  baptism,  at  the  hands  of  Rev.  Wilbur  Til- 


NORTHRUP 


857 


NORTON 


linghast,  becoming  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  hia  native  town.  The  school  advantages  in  Ant- 
werp were  of  an  inferior  character.  His  scholarly 
tendencies,  however,  very  early  showed  themselves, 


G.   W.   NORTHRUP,   D.D.,    I.L.D. 

and  he  began  the  study  of  Latin,  with  such  imper- 
fect helps  as  he  could  secure,  while  but  a  boy.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  left  home,  with  a  view  to 
make  a  career  for  himself,  though  as  yet  with  no 
distinct  purpose  as  to  the  line  of  life  he  should 
choose.  Some  years  were  spent  in  teaching  at 
Trenton,  near  Utica,  and  at  Granville  and  Hartford, 
Washington  Co.  AVhen  at  about  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  a  visit  to  relatives  living  in  Watertown,  N.  Y., 
was  the  means  of  deciding  him  to  enter  upon  a 
regular  course  of  study.  He  had  already,  in  con- 
nection with  his  teaching,  but  mainly  through  pri- 
vate study,  become  so  much  a  proficient  in  math- 
ematics that  he  had  in  that  department  pa-ssed  over 
most  of  the  ground  of  a  college  course.  In  Latin 
he  had  done  something ;  in  Greek  he  had  not  made 
even  a  beginning.  Setting  himself  resolutely  to 
private  study,  partly  under  the  tuition  of  A.  C. 
Beach,  Esq.,  since  lieutenant-governor  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  he  made  such  progress  that  in  a  year 
and  a  half  he  was  prepared  to  enter  the  lust  term 
of  the  Sophomore  year  at  Williams  College  in 
Massachusetts.  At  his  graduation,  in  1S54,  he 
took  the  metaphysical  oration,  perhaps  the  highest 
of  the  college  honors  at  Williams.  Entering  the 
theological  seminary  at  Rochester,  he  graduated 
there  in  1857. 

Immediately  upon   the  conclusion  of  his  theo- 
55 


logical  course  he  was  appointed  instructor  in 
eliurch  history  in  the  seminary  at  Rochester,  and 
at  the  end  of  the  year  full  professor  in  that  depart- 
ment. The  ten  years  of  service,  until  his  call  to 
Chicago  in  1867,  made  their  lasting  impression  in 
the  seminary  and  upon  the  numerous  young  men 
who  came  under  his  tuition.  Better  work  in 
church  history  has  probably  never  been  done  in 
any  theological  seminary  in  this  country.  During 
this  period,  besides.  Dr.  Northrup  won  distinction 
as  a  preacher.  For  one  year  and  a  half  he  supplied 
the  pulpit  of  the  First  church  in  Rochester,  165 
being  in  that  time  added  to  the  church  by  baptism. 
In  1867  he  was  called  to  the  presidency  and  the 
chair  of  Theology  in  the  seminary  about  to  be 
organized  at  Chicago.  Marked  as  had  been  his 
adaptation  to  the  form  of  work  assigned  him  at 
Rochester,  for  this  at  Chicago  he  was  perhaps  still 
better  suited.  While  yet  a  youth  he  had  become 
an  enthusiastic  student  of  metaphysics.  Previous 
to  entering  college  he  had  read  "Rational  Psychol- 
ogy" (not  an  easy  book  to  master)  through  no  less 
than  five  times,  and  knew  pages  of  it  by  heart. 
This  intellectual  learning  and  capacity  qualified 
him  in  an  especial  manner  for  a  mastery  of  sys- 
tematic theology ;  and  his  classes  at  Chicago  en- 
thusiastically testify  to  the  grasp  he  has,  and  in 
their  measure  enables  them  to  take,  of  the  whole 
subject  of  Christian  doctrine  in  its  classification 
and  in  its  verification.  Although  he  has  not  as 
yet  become  known  as  an  author,  his  lectures,  alike 
in  church  history  and  in  theology,  have  been  made 
so  complete  ami  so  full  that,  if  they  could  be  given 
to  the  world,  they  would  rank  with  the  most  valued 
of  the  many  books  in  these  lines  of  theological 
study.  As  a  preacher  and  lecturer  Dr.  Northrup 
renders  eminent  service,  alike  to  the  denomination 
and  to  the  general  cause  of  truth,  in  those  depart- 
ments of  it  which  it  is  the  fashion  of  these  times 
especially  to  assail, — more  particularly  what  con- 
cerns the  relations  of  science  and  philosophy  with 
the  doctrines  of  the  Christian  faith. 

Norton,  Charles  C,  D.D.,  "as  bom  in  Wash- 
ington, Conn.  He  was  brought  up  in  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church.  After  his  conversion  his 
convictions  of  duty  led  him  to  unite  with  a  Baptist 
church,  and  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  church  in  Carmel,  Putnam  Co.,  N.  Y.  Soon 
after  his  connection  with  the  church  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  entered  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  afterwards  the  (T„iversity  of  Rochester, 
from  which  he  was  graduated.  He  then  entered 
the  theological  seminary  there,  and  was  graduated 
in  1854.  In  185.")  he  accepted  a  call  from  the  Sixth 
Street  Baptist  church  in  New  York,  where  he  was 
ordained  and  cummenced  his  ministerial  work. 
His  connection  with  that  church  continued  nine 
years,  during  which  a  pressing  church  debt  was 


NORTON 


838 


NOTT 


removed,  and  about  400  converts  were  added  to  it 
by  baptism.  lAir  the  past  seventeen  years  he  has 
been  the  succossful  pastor  of  the  Central  Pai-k 
Baptist  church  of  New  York.  lie  is  a  fine  scliolar 
and  an  able  preacher.  The  lionorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Shurtleff  College. 
During  liis  ministry  he  has  baptized  704. 

Norton,  Judge  E.  H.,  was  born  in  Logan  Co., 
Ky.,  Nov.  21,  l.S'Jl.     He  entered  Centre  College,  at 


JUDGE    E.    H.   NORTON. 

Danville,  at  seventeen  years  of  age.  In  1842  he 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  Transyl- 
vania University,  and  located  in  Platte  City,  Mo., 
and  rapidly  built  up  a  legal  practice.  In  1<S52  he 
was  elected  circuit  judge  over  a  district  of  seven 
counties.  He  was  re-elected  in  1.S57  without  oppo- 
sition, and  served  until  sent  to  Congress,  in  1861. 
At  this  time  he  was  elected  to  the  State  convention 
to  consider  the  relations  of  Missouri  to  the  general 
government.  In  that  body  he  opposed  the  ordi- 
nance of  secession.  In  IS".')  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  framed  the  present 
constitution  of  Missouri,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  representative  districts.  In  1876  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Supreme  bench  by  Gov.  Har- 
din to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
Judge  II.  M.  Varis.  He  united  witli  the  Baptist 
Church,  in  Kentucky,  when  fourteen  years  of  age. 
In  1853  he  aided  to  organize  a  Baptist  church  in 
Platte  City.  He  is  a  trustee  of  William  Jewell 
College,  and  takes  an  interest  in  his  denomination 
in  the  State.  He  is  an  upright  and  talented  judge. 
Xott,  Rev.  Abner  Kingman,  son  of  Rev.  Han- 


del G.  and  Lydia  C.  Nott,  was  born  at  Nashua, 
N.  II.,  March  22,  1^34.  being  the  fourth  son  in  a 
family  of  fifteen  children.  His  early  preparation 
for  college  was  carried  on  partly  under  the  tuition 
of  Mr.  J.  H.  Hanson,  principal  of  the  Waterville, 
Me.,  Academy,  and  partly  under  the  instruction  of 
his  father.  While  thus  engaged  in  study  his  con- 
version took  place,  in  January,  1S4'.>.  His  later 
preparation  for  college  was  made  at  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  at  Suffield,  where  he  spent  a 
little  over  one  year.  The  question  of  his  future 
vocation  was  settled  when  he  entered  Rochester 
University,  in  the  fall  of  1851.  He  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  185.5.  Two  years  were  devoted  to 
theological  study  in  the  seminary  at  Rochester. 
His  life  both  in  college  and  in  the  seminary  was 
one  of  constant  and  unceasing  activity,  for  he  was 
largely  dependent  on  his  own  efforts  to  secure  the 
funds  needed  for  the  payment  of  his  bills.  He 
preached,  taught,  and  lectured,  and  thus  acquired 
a  remarkable  facility  as  a  public  speaker.  He 
preached  the  first  time  for  the  First  Bajitist  church, 
New  York,  in  the  fall  of  1S56,  and  Dec.  29,  1S56, 
was  unanimously  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
church  as  the  successor  of  Rev.  Dr.  Spencer  II. 
Cone.  This  call  he  accepted,  and  a  few  weeks  after 
his  graduation,  in  Jul}-,  1S57,  was  ordained.  With 
the  most  brilliant  prospects  before  him,  and  in  the 
midst  of  a  career  of  usefulness  such  as  few  young 
ministers  are  permitted   to  see,  he  was  suddenly 


REV.   ABNER    KINGMAN    NOTT. 

called  to  his  reward  while  bathing  near  Perth  Am- 
boy,  N.  J.,  July  8,  1859.     His  goodness,  intellect- 


NOTT 


859 


NOVA    SCOTIA 


ual  powers,  and  eloquence  gave  him  immense  pop- 
ularity in  New  York  City,  and  made  his  death  a 
puliliL-  calamity. 

Nott,  Rev.  Richard  M.,  died  at  Wakefield, 
Mass.,  Dec.  21,  1880,  after  several  months  of  suf- 
fering from  extreme  nervous  prostration.  lie  was 
born  in  N.ishua,  N.  H.,  in  March,  18.31,  where  his 
father,  Rev.  Handel  G.  \ott,  was  then  a  prominent 
Congregational  minister,  settled  over  the  leading 
church  in  that  rapidly-growing  place,  from  which 
situation  he  retired  a  few  years  later  upon  becoming 
a  Baptist,  in  which  character  his  first  settlement 
was  over  the  Federal  Street,  now  Clarendon  Street, 
Baptist  church,  Boston.  At  the  age  of  eleven 
years  Richard  was  converted,  and  soon  after  bap- 
tized by  his  father.  He  graduated  at  Waterville 
College  when  about  nineteen  years  old.  During 
the  next  five  years  he  taught  school  in  Red  Creek, 
N.  Y.,  three  years,  and  Calais,  Me.,  two  years. 
Then  he  entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Roch- 
ester, where  he  graduated  in  1859,  and  entered 
immediately  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  to  which  he  had 
been  called  several  months  before  his  graduation. 
In  this  important  position  he  continued  six  years. 
During  thi.s  time  he  wrote  the  exceedingly  inter- 
esting memoir  of  his  younger  brother,  A.  Kingman 
Nott,  who  suddenly  closed  in  death  a  most  brilliant 
eai'thly  career  in  July,  1859,  while  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  New  York  City.  At  length 
his  health  failed,  and  his  appreciating  people  sent 
him  abroad  for  recuperation,  but  he  never  regained 
the  physical  vigor  then  lost.  After  his  return  from 
his  foreign  tour,  having  resigned  at  Rochester,  he 
labored  three  years  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  was 
successful  in  gathering  what  is  now  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  that  city.  Next  he  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Aurora,  111.,  three  years.  In 
1872  he  was  called  to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church  in  Wakefield,  Mass.,  which  he  accepted  and 
held  about  two  years,  when  he  resigned  ;  but  he 
continued  to  reside  there  until  his  death,  supplying 
most  of  the  time  since  his  resignation  the  church 
in  Brookville,  formerly  South  Randolph,  where  his 
labors  were  highly  valued,  and  a  good  work  was 
done  by  him.  In  the  summer  of  1880  his  health 
so  failed  that  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  his  sup- 
ply at  Brookville,  and  also  his  valuable  work  in 
the  Sunday-school  department  of  The  Watchman, 
the  "Lesson  Helps,"  which  were  very  satisfac- 
torily prepared  by  him.  After  this  he  gradu- 
ally declined,  till  his  earthly  end  was  reached  at 
the  age  of  nearly  fifty  years.  He  was  a  superior 
scholar  and  a  clear  thinker.  His  early  promise  was 
uncommon.  Few  men  were  his  equals  in  critical 
scholarship  and  logical  acumen.  He  would  have 
graced  a  position  as  a  professor  or  president  of  a 
college  or  a  theological  institution.    In  the  Boston 


Ministers'  Meeting,  which  he  constantly  attended, 
he  was  justly  esteemed  as  a  most  serviceable  mem- 
ber. Probably  there  was  no  place  during  the  last 
five  or  six  years  of  his  life  in  which  he  appeared  to 
better  advantage  than  there.  His  utterances  were 
real  contributions,  the  great  worth  of  which  was 
readily  conceded  by  all  his  brethren,  among  whom 
he  is  greatly  missed. 

Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  and  Newfoundland,  Historical 
Sketch  of  the  Baptists  in. — From  the  cession  of 
Acadia, — Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  were 
originally  included  under  this  designation, — by 
France  to  Great  Britain,  in  1713  till  1776,  when 
Henry  Alline,  the  celebrated  New  Light  preacher, 
entered  on  his  fervid,  trumpet-toned,  evangelistic 
ministry,  a  dead  formalism  in  religion  almost  uni- 
versally prevailed  in  these  provinces,  with  only 
here  and  there  a  faint  glimmer  of  evangelical  doc- 
trine and  spiritual  experience. 

But  amid  this  moral  desolation  three  or  four 
Baptist  ministers  appeared  almost  simultaneously 
in  Acadia, — Rev.  John  Sutton,  with  a  company  of 
emigrants  from  New  Jersey,  settled  at  Newport, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1760,  and  there  preached  and  bap- 
tized converts,  and  Daniel  Dimock  also.  Rev. 
James  Sutton,  brother  of  .John,  was  also  at  New- 
port. Rev.  Ebenczer  Moulton,  of  South  Brimfield, 
Mass.,  came  with  the  first  settlers  to  Yarmouth, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1761,  and  preached  among  them, 
and  baptized  a  Mrs.  Burgess,  and  probably  other 
converts  :  and  his  preaching  subsequently  in  Hor- 
ton.  Nova  Scotia,  was  attended  with  great  success. 
Rev.  Nathan  Mason,  with  a  number  of  Baptists  in 
church  order,  emigrated  from  South  Swanzey, 
Mass.,  and  settled  at  Sackville,  New  Brunswick, 
in  1763.  No  church,  however,  appears  to  have 
been  formed  here  by  either  of  them,  and  in  a  few 
years  they  returned  to  their  own  country. 

In  1776,  Henry  Alline  came  forth  from  obscurity 
like  John  the  Baptist  to  prepare  the  way  of  the 
Lord ;  many  were  converted  under  his  ministry, 
and  churches,  composed  of  Baptists  and  Pedobap- 
tists,  were  formed.  The  time,  however,  soon  came 
for  a  distinct  Baptist  movement. 

The  pioneer  Baptist  church  of  the  Maritime 
Provinces  was  formed  of  ten  members,  at  Horton, 
Nova  Scotia,  Oct.  29,  177S.  Rev.  Nicholas  Pier- 
son,  one  of  their  number,  was  ordained  as  their 
pastor  Nov.  5,  1778.  The  Second  Baptist  church 
in  the  provinces  was  formed  at  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1795,  Rev.  John  Burton  being  pastor. 
The  Third  church  was  organized  at  Newport,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  August,  1799;  and  the  Fourth  Baptist 
church  was  organized  at  Sackville,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  October,  1799,  Rev.  Joseph  Crandall  being 
ordained  their  pastor.  Six  others  must  have  been 
formed  previous  to  1800. 


NOVA   SCOTIA 


860 


NOVA   SCOTIA 


The  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  Baptist  As- 
sociali/in,  the  first  in  these  provinces,  was  formed 
at  Lower  Granville,  Nova  Scotia,  June  23,  1800, 
and  comprised  ten  churches, — Upper  Granville, 
Lower  Granville,  Digby,  Digby  Neck,  Yarmouth, 
Cornwallis.  Horton,  Newport,  Chester,  and  Sack- 
ville.  Mixed  communion  was  allowed  for  a  time 
in  some  of  these  churches,  but  was  soon  discon- 
tinued. 

The  ministers  who  united  in  forming  this  Asso- 
ciation were  Thomas  Ilandley  Chipman,  James 
Manning,  Enoch  Towner,  Harris  Harding,  Edward 
Manning,  Theodore  Seth  Harding,  Joseph  Dimock, 
anil  Joseph  Crand.ill. 

These  churches,  located  thus  v.  'dely  apart  in  the 
two  provinces,  were  true  Baptist  Ohristian  centres, 
whence  spiritual  knowledge  and  influence  were  dif- 
fused through  the  surrounding  communities  ;  and 
the  ministers  were  true  watchmen  and  evangelists, 
who  bore  abroad  the  t<jrch  of  divine  truth  and  the 
message  of  the  gospel  to  guide  the  perishing  to 
Christ. 

The  Baptist  denomination,  whose  origin  in  these 
provinces  has  now  been  briefly  traced,  is  a  large 
and  influential  body  ;  and  the  movements  and 
events  which  will  now  be  mentioned  will  indicate 
its  progress,  and  also  the  means  of  its  further  ex- 
pansion. 

Organized  home  missionary  efibrts  were  ori- 
ginated at  the  meeting  of  the  Nova  Scotia  and  New 
Brunswick  Association  in  1815,  and  were  immedi- 
ately followed  by  the  most  encouraging  success,  and 
home  mission  work  has  ever  since  been  carried 
on  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  with  great 
spiritual  results. 

The  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  Associa- 
tion, composed  of  31  churches,  with  1827  members, 
and  22  ministers,  was  divided  into  two  in  1821,  the 
churches  in  Nova  Scotia  forming  one  Association, 
and  those  in  New  Brunswick  forming  the  other. 
As  in  1810  the  membership  of  the  Association  was 
924,  the  above  figures  show  that  it  was  nearly 
doubled  in  eleven  years. 

In  1825,  Rev.  Dr.  Tupper,  from  Nova  Scotia,  and 
Rev.  Joseph  C'randall,  from  New  Brunswick,  evan- 
gelized on  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  were  the  first 
associated  Baptist  ministers  to  Labor  in  that  gem 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  though  Rev.  A.  Crawford,  a 
Scotch  Baptist,  had  successfully  commenced  opera- 
tions there  as  early  as  1811. 

In  1825,  182f>,  and  1838,  Rev.  Joseph  Dimock 
evangelized  for  several  months  in  Cape  Breton,  and 
with  the  happiest  results.  Now  our  home  mis- 
sionary enterprise  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  important  of  the  denomination,  and  the  field  is 
as  large  as  the  three  provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  use  of  the  press  for  denominational  and 
Christian   purposes   indicates    life   and   progress. 


The  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  Baptist 
Magazine  was  commenced  in  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1827,  and  continued  to  be  the  organ  of  the 
denomination  in  the  provinces  till  1S36,  when  the 
Christian  Messenger,  published  weekly  at  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  took  its  place. 

In  1M47  the  Christian  Visitor  was  issued  at  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  as  the  organ  of  the  denomi- 
nation in  that  province.  Both  these  papers  con- 
tinue as  Baptist  organs,  and  have  been  very  influ- 
ential in  promoting  denominational  interests. 

Education. — The  Baptist  Association  at  Horton 
in  1828  adopted  measures  for  establishing  an  insti- 
tution of  learning  for  our  youth,  and  especially 
with  a  view  to  the  proper  training  of  young  men 
called  of  God  to  the  gospel  ministry ;  and  as  a  re- 
sult Horton  Academy  was  opened  in  May,  1829, 
with  more  than  40  pupils,  under  charge  of  Rev. 
Asahel  Chapin  as  principal. 

In  1833  the  New  Brunswick  Baptist  Association 
originated  a  similar  movement ;  and  as  a  result  the 
Baptist  Seminary  at  Frcdericton  was  opened  in 
January,  1836,  with  Rev.  F.  W.  Miles  as  principal. 
In  the  autumn  of  1838  circumstances  in  Nova 
Scotia  impelled  the  Baptists  to  make  a  further  ad- 
vance in  the  work  of  higher  education  :  and  Acadia 
College  sprung  from  the  resolve  then  taken,  and  was 
opened  in  January,  1839,  with  Rev.  E.  A.  Craw- 
ley and  Rev.  John  Pryor  as  professors,  to  which 
Prof.  Isaac  Chipmjin  was  added  a  year  later,  and 
I  continued  his  valuable  services  until  he  was  drowned 
'  in  the  basin  of  the  Minas,  in  June,  1852.  Notwith- 
'  standing  opposition,  difficulties,  and  loss,  Acadia 
j  College  has  grown  and  attained  a  leading  position 
among  the  colleges  of  these  provinces.  It  has  now 
an  endowment  of  §84,112.46,  with  other  sources  of 
income,  and  six  professors,  with  Rev.  Dr.  Sawyer 
as  president.  Though  the  college  building  at 
Wolfville  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  December,  1877. 
a  new  edifice  soon  adorned  College  Hill,  flanked  on 
the  east  by  Acadia  Seminary,  a  high  school  for 
young  ladies,  and  by  Horton  Collegiate  Academy 
on  the  west.  The  Baptists  of  New  Brunswick  and 
Prince  Edward  Island  have  an  equal  share  with 
those  of  Nova  Scotia  in  the  ownership  and  govern- 
ment of  these  institutions. 

Foreign  Missions. — The  organized  movement  to 
send  out  missionaries  to  the  heathen  world  com- 
menced, like  that  for  home  missions  in  1815,  at 
Chester  in  1838,  and  in  this  action  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Baptist  Association  cordially  concurred,  and 
Rev.  R.  E.  Burpe.  of  the  latter  province,  was  ac- 
cordingly sent  out  to  Burmah  in  1845  by  the  Bap- 
tists of  these  provinces, — their  first  missionary  to  the 
heathen.  The  denomination  has  now  four  missions 
established  among  the  Teloogoos,  with  native 
preachers  and  assistants,  under  the  direction  of  the 
missionaries. 


NOVA   SCOTIA 


861 


NOVATIANS 


The  New  Brunswick  Baptist  Association,  com- 
prising 50  churciies,  with  480G  members,  and  29 
ministers,  was  divided  in  1S4T  into  two  Associa- 
tions,— the  Eastern  and  Western.  The  figures  in- 
dicate an  increase  of  over  ninefold  in  the  member- 
ship of  that  body  in  twenty-five  years. 

The  \ova  Scotia  Baptist  Association,  comprising 
72  churches,  with  8907  members,  and  54  ministers, 
was  also  divided  in  1850  into  three  Associations, — 
the  Western,  Central,  and  Eastern. 

In  July,  1868,  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Baptist 
Association  was  organized,  with  13  churches,  con- 
taining a  membership  of  600,  dismissed  for  the  pur- 
pose from  the  Nova  Scotia  Eastern  Association, 
and  the  membership  of  the  denomination  in  that 
island  is  1022,  or  nearly  three  times  what  it  was 
twelve  years  ago. 

Union. — The  leaders  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion in  these  provinces  provided  for  the  union  of 
all  the  churches  and  Associations  in  denominational 
work,  and  through  tlieir  wise  forethought  the  Bap- 
tist Convention  of  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Prince  Edward  Island  was  organized  in  the 
city  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  September, 
1846.  This  Convention  is  now  the  most  influential 
of  the  Baptist  organizations  in  the  Maritime  Prov- 
inces. To  its  direction  and  management  are  com- 
mitted the  great  public  benevolent  enterprises  of 
the  denomination, — home  missions,  education,  and 
foreign  missions, — and  the  greatest  care  is  exer- 
cised to  conduct  matters  wisely  and  eflSciently,  and 
yet  not  to  intrench  on  great  denominational  prin- 
ciples. 

Revivals  of  a  genuine  type  have  all  along  been 
a  vast  means  of  growth,  and  they  are  still  needed  to 
promote  healthful  enlargement.  Our  churches  and 
denomination  should  aspire  wisely  and  well  to  re- 
alize the  highest  ideal  of  Christian  life,  activity,  and 
progress. 

Newfoundland. — There  are  a  few  Baptists  on 
this  great  island,  but  no  Baptist  church  or  minister. 
Revs.  J.  B.  McDonald,  M.D.,  and  George  Arm- 
strong, spent  a  few  weeks  in  missionary  work  there 
in  1875.  and  Rev.  George  Armstrong  evangelized 
for  nine  weeks  in  1879. 

The  following  figures  show  the  numerical  pro- 
gress of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces  for  the  past  eighty  years  : 


Yew. 

ChnrchM. 

Hinisters. 

Membere. 

1800 

10 
14 
29 
70 
115 

260 
2S7 
366 

8 

9 

19 

40 

64 

139 
145 
1% 

1810 

1820 

1,785 
4,633 
9,041 
13,773 
21,579 
27,460 
36,700 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 _ 

1880 

ITovatians,  The. — Novatian,  the  distinguished 
founder  of  the  ('immunity  that  bore  his  name,  is 
known  among  Greek  ecclesiastical  writers  as  No- 
vatus.  He  was  not  Novatus  of  Carthage,  a  pres- 
byter of  that  city,  who  sorely  vexed  the  imperious 
soul  of  Cyprian,  and  who  came  to  Rome  and  united 
with  Novatian  in  efforts  to  maintain  gospel  purity 
in  the  churches. 

Novatian,  before  he  professed  conversion,  was  a 
philosopher  of  remarkable  ability,  culture,  elo- 
quence, and  powers  of  persuasion  ;  he  was  a  nat- 
ural leader  of  men.  When  attacked  by  a  danger- 
ous disease,  from  which  death  was  apprehended, 
in  accordance  with  the  opinion  then  commonly 
held  by  Christians,  it  was  judged  that  he  should 
be  baptized  to  make  heaven  certain,  and,  as  his 
weakness  rendered  immersion  impossible  without 
risking  his  immediate  death,  he  was  subjected,  on 
his  couch,  to  a  profuse  application  of  water.  We 
are  not  informed  that  Novatian  desired  this  cere- 
mony himself,  without  any  persuasidns  from  his 
alarmed  friends.  The  writer  was  once  sent  for  to 
see  a  dying  lady,  and,  after  praying  with  her,  was 
earnestly  pressed  by  a  follower  of  Irish  Romanism, 
the  perverted  faith  of  St.  Patrick  the  Baptist,  "  to 
reginerate  her  :"  he  declined  to  exercise  the  powers 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  and  the  functions  of  a  Pedo- 
baptist  minister;  had  he  yielded,  the  lady  was  in  a 
condition  in  which  she  could  not  be  held  responsi- 
ble for  the  act.  And  it  is  not  improbable  that  this 
was  the  situation  of  Novatian.  He  was  spared  by 
the  providence  of  God  for  a  mighty  work  in  the 
churches,  and  when  restored  to  health  he  became 
very  active  in  advancing  the  interests  of  Christian- 
ity in  Rome. 

At  that  period  the  church,  in  the  capital  of  the 
world,  as  Eusebius  records,  had  46  presbyters,  14 
deacons  and  subdeacons,  5(1  minor  ecclesiastical 
officials,  and  widows  and  sick  and  indigent  per- 
sons, numbering  in  all  1500,  whose  support  had  to 
be  provided  for.  And  partly  to  assist  in  bearing 
this  burden,  but  chiefly  through  alack  of  faith  and 
of  complete  consecration  to  God,  the  door  of  the 
church  was  kept  very  wide  for  the  admission  of 
unconverted  professors,  and  when  these  persons 
betrayed  the  Saviour  by  sacrificing  to  idols  in 
times  of  persecution,  their  conduct  was  excused 
by  their  lax  brethren  ;  and  the  excommunication, 
necessarily  pronounced  upon  them  immediately 
after  their  apostiisy,  was  speedily  removed. 

Cornelius,  a  Roman  presbyter,  with  an  eager  eye 
to  the  support  to  be  gathered  from  restored  apos- 
tates, strongly  advocated  their  forgiveness  by  the 
church.  Novatian  very  strenuously  resisted  it; 
and  when  a  successor  to  Bishop  Fabianus  was  to 
be  elected,  Cornelius  was  properly  made  a  prede- 
cessor of  a  long  line  of  coming  popes,  who  loved 
gold  more  than  anything  in  the  Christian  religion. 


NOVATIANS 


862 


NOVATIANS 


Novatian  was  condemned  by  Corni'lius  and  by  all 
his  episcopal  friends ;  and  the  bishop  of  Home 
sent  letters  everywhere,  bringing  the  most  grievous 
charges  against  him,  and  giving  the  names  and  po- 
sitions of  the  bisliojis  wlio  united  with  him  in  his 
efforts  to  crush  tlie  first  great  reformer. 

Novatian  liad  been  made  a  presl)yter  by  Fabianus 
against  the  custom  of  the  church,  for,  as  Corne- 
lius says,  in  Eusebius,*  "  It  was  not  lawful  that  one 
baptized  in  his  sick-bed  by  aspersion,  as  he  was, 
should  be  promoted  to  any  order  of  the  clergy.  .  .  . 
If,  indeed,  it  be  proper  to  say  tliat  one  like  him  did 
receive  liaptism."  But  this  only  shows  his  e.\tra- 
ordinary  talents  and  influence. 

After  Cornelius  became  bishop  Novatian  was 
elevated  to  the  same  office  by  three  Italian  bishops, 
and  at  once  founded  the  purer  comiiiunity,  for  whose 
advancement  he  labored  with  great  success  until 
martyrdom  removed  him  from  the  presence  of 
wicked  church  members  in  full  ecclesiastical 
standing. 

Among  the  charges  brought  by  Cornelius  against 
Novatian,  a  list  of  which  can  be  found  in  Eusebius, 
was  an  accusation  of  cowardice  for  refusing  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  his  ministerial  office  in  a  time 
of  persecution.  Novatian  set  up  a  new  community 
in  defiance  of  Cornelius  and  of  nearly  all  the  Chris- 
tian bishops  on  earth  ;  and  in  this  he  showed  un- 
usual courage.  Opposition  to  the  treachery,  charged 
upon  himself  by  Cornelius,  was  the  chief  instrument 
wliioli  he  used  to  establish  his  pure  churcli,  and  it 
is  not  in  human  nature  to  believe  that  any  man 
could  found  a  new  community  in  Rome  itself  by 
denunciations  of  a  cowardly  crime  of  which  he 
himself  had  given  a  conspicuous  example.  Besides, 
he  left  tlie  world  as  a  martyr. 

It  was  customary  in  the  time  of  Ambrose,  when 
the  minister  distributed  the  Lord's  Supper  to  the 
fivithful,  to  say,  "  Tlie  body  of  Christ,"  and  the  re- 
cipient answered,  "  Amen."t  Cornelius,  in  the 
same  calumnious  letter  in  Eusebius,  states  that 
Novatian,  when  he  gave  a  portion  of  the  Eucharist 
to  a  communicant,  instead  of  permitting  him  to 
say  "Amen,"  according  to  the  usage  no  doubt 
then  in  existence,  seized  his  hand  in  both  of  his 
hands,  before  he  partook  of  the  symbolic  bread, 
and  i;;r.dc  him  "  sv/ear  by  the  body  and  blood  of 
our  Saviour,  Jen-.s  Christ,  that  he  would  never  de- 
sert him,  nor  turn  to  Cornelius."  This  story  carries 
its  own  refutation  ;  the  idea  that  the  founder  of 
the  purest  Christian  community  then  in  existence 
should  resort  to  such  an  infamous  procedure  is  sim- 
ply incredible.  Cornelius,  in  the  same  connection, 
makes  slanderous  statements  about  the  extraordi- 
nary ambition  of  Novatian,  which  liave  come  down 
to  us  through  the  "  Ecclesiastical  History"  of  Euse- 

•  Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  vi.  cap  43. 

t  Aniliros.  Pe  Sitciam.,  lib.  iv.  cap.  ,5. 


bius ;  and  his  vanity  is  frequently  given  as  the  mo- 
tive  that  led  to  his  assumption  of  tlie  bishop's  office, 
and  to  the  reformation  inaugurated  by  Novatian. 

The   Novatians    called    themselves    Kathari,   or 
Puritans.     The  corner-stone  of  the  denomination 
was    purity   of    church     membership.      Novatian 
charged  Cornelius  and  his  followers  with  dishonor- 
ing the  church  of  God,  and  destroying  its  divine 
character  by  admitting  apostates  into  its  member- 
ship.    He  maintained  that  those  who  had   sacri- 
ficed to  the  idols  to  save  their  lives  should  never  bo 
permitted  to  come  to  the  Lord's  table  again.     This 
theory  became  popular  with  the  saintly  heroes  and 
heroines,  who   sufTcred   terribly  at  the  hands  of 
Christ's  persecuting  enemies,  but  whose  lives  were 
spared.     And  all  true  Christians  felt  a  strong  lean- 
ing towards  the  holy  religion  advocated  and  exhib- 
ited by  Novatian  and  bis  followers.     Socrates, |.  a 
candid  and  intelligent  Greek  historian,  says,  "  No- 
vatus  (Novatian),  a  presbyter  of  the  Romish  Church, 
separated   from  it  because  Cornelius,  the  bishop, 
received  into  communion  believers  who  had  sacri- 
ficed (to  idols)  during  the   persecution  which  the 
emperor  Decius  liad  raised  against  the  church.  .  .  . 
On  being  afterwards  elevated  to  tlie  episcopacy  by 
such  prelates  as  entertained  similar  sentiments,  he 
wrote  to  all  the  churches,  insisting  that  they  should 
not  admit  to  the  s.acred  mysteries  those  who  had 
sacrificed  (to  idols),  but  exhorting  them  to  repent- 
ance, leave  the  pardon  of  their  oB'ense  to  God,  who 
has  the  power  to  forgive  all  sin.  .  .  .  The  exclusion 
of  those  who,  after  baptism,  had  committed  any 
deadly  sin   from  the  mysteries  appeared  to  some 
a  cruel  and  merciless  course ;  but  others  thought 
it  just  and  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  disci- 
pline, and  the  promotion  of  greater  devotedness  of 
life.     In  the  midst  of  the  agitation  of  this  important 
question  letters  arrived  from  Cornelius  the  bishop 
promising  indulgence  to  delinquents  after  baptism. 
.  .  .  Tho.se  who  had  pleasure  in  sin,  encouraged  by 
the  license  thus  granted  them,  tonk  occasion  from  it 
to  revel  in  every  species  of  criminality."     The  No- 
vatians permanently  excluded  from  their  commu- 
nity all  who  were  guilty  of  deadly  sins  and  second 
marriages,  as  well  as  those  who  sacrificed  to  idols 
to  save  their  lives ;  and  they  regarded  the  cliurch 
universal  as  having  lost  the  character  of  a  chui-ch 
of  Christ  by  receiving  such  persons  into  her  mem- 
bership.    As  a  result  of  this  conviction  they  bap- 
tized again  all  who  came  from  the  old  church  to 
them.     Their  baptism  was  immersion,  the  "pour- 
ing around"  of  Novatian   on  his  sick-bed  is  the' 
only  transaction  of  that  kind  in  their  history  now 
known  ;  and  as  their  leader  suffered  so  much  from 
the  unscriptural  performance,    his    followers   had 
little  encouragement  to  imitate  such  an  unfortunate 
example. 

X  Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  ir.  cap.  28. 


NUVATIANS 


863 


NUGENT 


The  general  doctrines  of  the  Novatians  were  in 
perfect  harmony  with  those  received  by  the  church 
universal  ;  they  only  ditt'cred  from  it  on  questions 
of  discipline,  and  chietiy  on  the  great  subject  of 
consecration  to  God. 

It  is  creditable  to  the  piety  of  the  centuries 
during  which  the  Novatians  existed  that  great 
iiunibers  of  Christians  adopted  their  sentiments 
and  their  fold ;  though  hated,  wickedly  calumni- 
ated, and  fiercely  persecuted  for  a  long  time,  they 
spread,  and  they  found  adherents  not  only  in  rural 
regions,  but  in  great  cities  and  in  the  palaces  of 
the  emperor.  Speaking  of  the  law  of  Constantine 
the  Great  Ijy  which  heretics  were  forbidden  to 
meet  "  in  their  own  houses  of  prayer,  in  private 
houses,  or  in  public  places,  but  were  compelled  to 
enter  into  communion  with  the  church  universal," 
Sozomen  says,  "  The  Novatians  alone,  who  had  ob- 
tained good  leaders,  and  who  entertained  the  same 
opinions  respecting  the  divinity  as  the  Catholic 
Church,  formed  a  large  sect  from  the  beginning,  and 
were  not  decreased  in  point  of  numbers  by  this  law. 
The  emperor,  I  believe,  relaxed  the  rigor  of  the 
enactment  in  their  favor.  .  .  .  Acesius,  who  was 
then  the  bishop  of  the  Novatians  in  Constantinople, 
was  much  esteemed  by  the  emperor  on  account  of 
his  virtuous  life.''* 

Novatian  himself  was  a  man  of  fervent  piety, 
;nid  his  life  after  his  conversion  was  above  re- 
proach, unless  when  accusations  came  from  a 
calumniator  whose  charges  were  incapable  of 
proof.  lie  was  the  author  of  works  on  "The 
Passover,"  "Circumcision,"  "The  Sabbath," 
"High-Priests,"  "The  Trinity."  and  on  other 
subjects.  He  had  many  distinguished  men  among 
his  disciples.  His  community  spread  very  widely, 
and  enjoyed  special  prosperity  in  Phrygia;  but  de- 
clined ra]iidly  in  the  fifth  century.  The  Novatians, 
as  a  people,  were  an  honor  to  Christianity,  and 
their  teachings  and  example  exercised  a  powerful 
restraint  upon  the  growing  corruptions  of  the  old 
church. 

The  Novatians  commenced  their  denominational 
life  when  the  baptism  of  an  unconscious  babe  was 
unknown  outside  of  Africa;  and  there  it  had  a  lim- 
ited, if  not  a  doubtful,  existence.  Indeed,  if  a  cel- 
ebrated letter  of  Cyprian,  about  a  council  of  bish- 
ops, said  to  have  been  held  in  Carthage  half  a  dozen 
years  after  Novatian  set  up  his  banner  of  church 
purity,  be  a  forgery,  and  the  supposition  is  by  no 
moans  an  improbable  one,  unconscious  infant  bap- 
tism has  no  proof  of  its  existence  in  the  literature 
of  the  world.  The  infant  rite,  according  to  the  let- 
ter of  Cyprian  just  referred  to,  had  Cyprian  for  its 
patron,  and  as  he  had  shown  the  utmost  hostil- 
ity to  Novatian,  he  and  his  followers  would  not  be 

•  Ecclcs.  Hist.,  lib.  ii.  cap.  32. 


very  eager  to  adopt  a  ceremony  of  which  his  letter, 
if  genuine,  shows  that  he  was  the  special  friend. 
These  considerations,  together  with  the  holiness  of 
life  demanded  by  Novatian  churches,  have  led 
many  persons  to  regard  them  as  Baptists.  Of  the 
truth  of  this  opinion  in  the  early  history  of  this 
people  there  can  be  no  doubt;  and  that  the  ma- 
jority of  their  churelies  baptized  only  instructed 
persons  to  the  end  of  their  history  is  in  the  highest 
degree  proliable. 

Nowlin,  Eev.  David  W.,  was  born  in  Pittsyl- 
vania Co.,  Va.,  April  11,  1812,  and  died  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  Mo.,  Oct.  17,  lSfJ-5.  He  was  educated 
for  the  bar,  aiul  was  noted  for  clear  views  of  the 
law,  and  for  a  sound  judgment.  He  taught  the 
Bible  in  his  schools  where  he  gave  instructions  in 
science,  because  he  believed  it  to  be  the  foundation 
of  sound  civil  law.  Hence  when  he  was  converted 
he  was  familiar  with  Scriptural  knowledge.  He 
found  the  Savi(mr  in  lS4'j,  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.  William  Vardeman,  by  whom  he  was  baptized, 
in  November,  1851,  into  the  fellowship  of  Zion 
church.  In  18.56  he  was  ordained  by  Revs.  Jas.  E. 
Welch,  W.  Vardeman,  and  the  venerable  J.  T. 
Johnson.  Mr.  Nowlin's  culture,  talent,  and  piety 
made  him  exceedingly  acceptable  as  a  preacher. 
He  was  frequently  moderator  of  his  Association. 
He  was  honored  and  loved  as  a  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful minister  of  Jesus. 

Nugent,  Beacon  E.  J.,  was  born  on  the  13th  of 
March,  ISl'J.  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  lie  grew  to 
the  age  of  sixteen  and  a  half  years  without  religious 
training.  In  the  year  1831  a  lady  invited  him  to  ac- 
company her  to  hear  a  sermon  in  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia.  A  stranger,  Rev.  N.  Col- 
ver,  preached,  and  for  the  first  time  in  his  life  he 
was  awakened  to  an  alarming  consciousness  of  his 
sinfulness,  and  was  so  exercised  that  he  could  not 
work  for  several  days.  He  was  enabled  through 
grace  to  repent  of  sin  and  to  embrace  Jesus  Christ 
by  a  living  faith,  and  was  baptized  by  the  pastor,  W. 
T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  D.D.,  with  thirty-one  others,  in  the 
river  Delaware.  He  was  immediately  set  to  work 
as  a  teacher  in  the  Sunday-school,  where  he  served 
the  church  for  some  years.  At  this  period  he  was 
led  to  consider  seriously  the  impropriety  of  using 
intoxicating  liquors  as  a  beverage,  and  he  has  been 
an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  temperance 
ever  since.  He  regarded  the  Lord's  day  as  a  sacred 
time  for  moral  and  religious  improvement,  bodily 
rest  and  recuperation,  and  under  the  influence  of 
this  view  he  was  early  led  to  fixed  habits  of  con- 
stant attendance  upon  the  social  and  public  worship 
of  God.  In  connection  with  others  he  conducted 
religious  services  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  In 
March,  183.5,  he  removed  to  Springfield,  0.  Mr. 
Nugent  assisted  in  organizing  a  Baptist  prayer- 
meeting  and  Sunday-school,  and  in  January,  1837, 


NUGENT 


864 


NUGENT 


a  church  was  formed  consisting  of  thirteen  mem- 
bers, of  which  ho  was  chosen  a  deacon.  The  cliurch 
continued  public  worship,  meeting  in  school-houses 
until  permitted  to  worship  in  an  old  court-house, 
where,  in  the  year  1841,  a  series  of  meetings  was 
commenced,  resulting  in  the  first  great  revival  ever 
experienced  in  the  town.  Over  100  were  converted, 
about  50  of  whom  joined  the  Baptist  church.  The 
deacon,  with  a  few  others,  was  engaged  in  con- 
ducting meetings  for  prayer  and  exhortation  in 
country  school-houses,  thereby  creating  an  interest 
in  the  farming  community  for  the  Baptist  church. 
This  custom,  under  the  blessing  of  God,  was  the 
secret  of  the  remarkable  growth  and  influence  of 
this  church.  The  deacon  afterward  wrote  a  history 
of  the  cliurch. 

About  this  time  ho  asked  a  young  Presbyterian 
brother  whom  he  had  heard  declare  that  infant 
baptism  was  taught  in  the  Scriptures  to  point  out 
to  him  some  of  the  proof  texts,  and  promised  to 
pay  him  handsomely  for  his  time  if  he  would  pro- 
duce them.  But  the  young  man  never  demanded 
the  reward.  Conversations  were  continued  on  the 
suljject  for  several  months,  resulting  in  his  union 
with  the  Baptist  Church.  On  the  day  he  was  bap- 
tized he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism, giving  reasons  for  his  change  of  views,  and 
was  baptized  in  Buck"s  Creek  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Moore, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Bap- 
tist Church.  That  young  man  is  now  the  beloved 
and  honored  superintendent  of  Baptist  Missions 
of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Rev.  James  French. 
The  deacon  was  either  a  teacher  or  superintendent 
of  the  .Sunday-school  during  his  residence  in  the 
place.  When  it  became  possible  for  the  church  at 
Springfield  to  build  a  house,  he  was  appointed  on  a 
building  committee  of  two,  and  they  succeeded  in 
erecting  a  very  commodious  brick  church  edifice 
and  parsonage.  Mr.  Nugent  continued  his  mem- 
bership there  until  the  church  numbered  over  300. 
In  1852  he  removed  to  Marysville,  0.  There 
being  no  Baptist  church  in  the  town,  and  only  four 
Baptists,  he  commenced  prayer-meetings  in  private 
houses. 

In  the  month  of  March,  1865,  he  and  his  family 
removed  to  Ottawa,  Kansas.  The  nest  day  after 
reaching  Ottawa  was  the  Lord's  day,  and  the  deacon 
went  to  the  Baptist  Sunday-school  and  into  the 
young  men's  Bible-class.  On  the  following  Sab- 
bath he  was  appointed  teacher  of  the  same  class. 
At  the  time  he  arrived  in  Ottawa  the  Baptist  church 
had  no  edifice.  The  question  of  building  one  was 
discussed,  and  he  was  appointed  on  the  building 
committee.  A  house  was  completed  at  a  cost  of 
$3700.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
Kansas  Legislature.  He  was  also  chosen  to  several 
offices  of  trust  and  honor  in  his  own  city.  Mr. 
Nugent  has  led  a  godly  and  useful  life. 


Nugent,  Deacon  George,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia. Pa.,  .May  3,  ls(jy.  lie  received  a  liberal 
education  in  Clermont  Academy,  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  city.     Many  of  his  fellow-students  have  risen 


DE.VCON    GEORGE    NUGENT. 

to  distinguished  positions ;  among  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  Hon.  John  Welsh,  late  minister  to 
England.  His  fatlier  was  George  Nugent,  a  highly 
respected  and  influential  merchant  of  Philadelphia. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  was  converted,  and 
from  careful  study  of  the  Scriptures  was  led  to  unite 
with  the  Lower  Merion  Baptist  church,  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Horatio  Gates  Jones, 
by  whom  he  was  baptized  in  1S32.  From  that  time 
he  has  proved  himself  a  faithful  and  devoted  Chris- 
tian. He  has  been  a  deacon  for  more  than  forty 
years.  While  visiting  among  the  poor,  and  wit- 
nessing the  destitute  and  sad  condition  of  many 
aged  saints,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  a  home  for 
them.  This  thought  was  the  primal  inception  of 
the  Baptist  Home.  Originated  by  him,  it  has  also 
received  largely  of  his  gifts. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  and  Historical  Soci- 
eties for  many  years,  and  has  also  been  long  iden- 
tified with  the  Amerit'an  Sunday-School  Union  as 
chairman  of  its  Jlissionary  Committee.  He  has 
taken  great  interest  in  the  education  and  moral 
training  of  the  young.  Many  churches  have  shared 
in  his  practical  benevolence.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  German- 
town,  and  a  large  contributor  to  its  funds.  Of  this 
community  he  is  now  a  member. 


NUNNALLY 


865 


GATES 


Mr.  Nugent  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
Philadelphia, — public-spirited,  benevolent,  and  uni- 
versally respected. 

Xunnally,  Rev.  G.  A.,  was  born  in  Walton  Co., 
Ga.,  March  24,  1841.  In  youth  he  was  very  pre- 
cocious. At  fourteen  he  entered  the  University 
of  Georgia,  and  was  the  youngest  graduate  that 
ever  received  a  diploma  at  the  State  University. 
Before  his  nineteenth  j-ear  he  was  elected  Profes- 
sor of  Mathematics  in  Hamilton  College,  and  for 
ten  years  he  was  principal  of  Johnson  Female  In- 
stitute. He  entered  the  ministry  in  1865,  preach- 
ing in  the  same  field  for  eleven  years.  In  ISTO  he 
was  elected  pastor  of  the  Rome  Baptist  church, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
Mercer  University,  and,  though  young,  one  of  the 
most  influential  ministers  of  Georgia.  He  is  a  fine 
orator,  and  a  man  of  genius.  As  a  preacher  he  is 
surpassed  by  few,  and  as  a  worker  his  zeal,  energy, 
and  capacity  make  him  pre-eminent.  In  the  Ap- 
palachee  Association,  of  which  he  was  formerly  a 
member,  his  influence  was  unbounded,  and  he  was 
frequently  its  moderator. 

Mr.  Nunnally  is  a  thorough  friend  of  education, 
missions,  and  the  Sunday-school,  and  he  is  pos- 
sessed of  great  administrative  ability.  His  fine 
command  of  language  and  brilliancy  of  intellect 


make  him  an  able  and  ready  debater,  and,  with  his 
zeal  and  earnestness,  give  him  great  influence  in 
our  denominational  gatherings. 

Nutter,  Rev.  David,  a  useful  minister  in  Nova 
Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  was  ordained  at  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick, -June  24,  1819;  organized 
the  Baptist  church  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia;  la- 
bored as  a  missionary  in  Canso.  Greysborougb, 
and  Antigonish  ;  organized  the  Baptist  church  at 
Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1821  ;  was  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Portland,  St.  John ;  died  Jan. 
15,  1873. 

Nutting,  James  Walton,  LL.D.,  was  one  of 

the  first  graduates  from  Windsor  College,  Nova 
Scotia ;  was  bred  to  the  bar,  and  became  prothon- 
atory  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia.  His 
conversion  was  thorough  ;  he  was  baptized  at  Hal- 
ifax, 1827,  and  became  a  member  of  Granville  Street 
church  in  that  city  :  was  the  originator  of  the  sys- 
tem of  education  among  the  Baptists  of  Nova  Scotia, 
which  took  form  at  the  Baptist  Association  at  Hor- 
ton  in  1828.  He  was  a  warm  friend  of  Ilorton 
Academy  and  Acadia  College ;  was  co-editor  with 
Mr.  Ferguson  of  the  Christian  Messenger  until  his 
death,  in  1870,  aged  eighty-three  years.  Dr.  Nut- 
ting possessed  great  integrity  of  character,  and  wiis 
universally  beloved. 


o. 


Gates,  Rev.  Samuel,  charged  with  Murder 
for  Baptizing  a  Lady,  who  died  soon  after, 
was  a  minister  of  popular  talents,  and  a  disputant 
whom  it  was  better  for  antagonists  to  shun.  Visit- 
ing Essex,  England,  in  1646,  he  preached  in  several 
places,  and  baptized  large  numbers  of  people.  This 
created  great  indignation  among  Pedobaptists,  and 
especially  among  the  ministers.  They  endeavored 
to  stir  up  the  magistrates  to  arrest  Mr.  Gates,  but 
they  had  no  charge  against  him,  and  they  were 
afraid  to  imprison  him. 

Among  those  baptized  by  Mr.  Gates  was  a  young 
woman,  named  Anne  Martin,  who  died  a  few  weeks 
after  her  baptism.  This  furnished  the  clergymen 
the  charge  which  they  required,  and  forthwith  Mr. 
Gates  was  sent  to  jail,  accused  of  murdering  Anne 
Martin  by  administering  immersion  to  her.  He 
was  actually  tried  for  his  life  at  Chelmsford  assizes 
for  this  dreadful  crime.  In  that  day  in  the  writ- 
ings of  Pedobaptists  immersion  was  frequently 
denounced  as  a  very  dangerous  practice ;  and  some 
branded  the  Baptists  as  "  a  cruel  and  murdering  sect 


for  using  it."  If  the  trial  against  Mr.  Gates  had 
been  successful  it  would  not  only  have  sent  him  to 
the  gallows,  but  it  would  have  been  a  heavy  blow 
at  the  administration  of  the  Saviour's  only  baptism. 
Great  eflbrts,  Mr.  Crosby  tells  us,  were  made  to 
secure  the  conviction  of  Gates ;  it  was  asserted 
that  he  held  Miss  Martin  so  long  in  the  water  that 
she  immediately  became  sick,  and  stated  un  her 
death-bed  that  the  dipping  caused  her  fatal  ill- 
ness; all  the  falsehoods  told  about  her  case,  on 
j  the  trial,  were  completely  exposed.  Several  wit- 
[  nesses  were  produced,  and  among  them  her  own 
mother,  whose  testimony  proved  that  she  had  bet- 
ter health  for  several  days  after  her  baptism  than 
she  had  enjoyed  for  years  before. 

Crosby  mentions  an  essay  of  Sir  John  Floyer  to 
prove  the  advantages  of  bathing  in  cold  water,  in 
which  he  gives  a  catalogue  of  diseases  for  which 
it  is  a  remedy.  Sir  .John  closes  his  essay  by  ob- 
serving "  that  the  Church  of  England  continued 
the  use  of  immersion  longer  than  any  Christian 
church  in  the  West.     For  the  Eastern  Church  vet 


OBER 


866 


OGtLVIE 


uses  it ;  and  oiirchiircli  (the  Episcopal)  still  recom- 
mends the  dipping  of  infants  in  her  Kutiric,  to 
which,  I  believe,  the  English  Church  will  at  Inst 
return,  when  physic  has  given  tliem  a  clear  proof 
by  divers  experiments  that  cold  baths  are  lu)th  safe 
and  useful.  And,"  he  says,  "  they  did  great  injury 
to  their  own  children,  and  to  all  posterity,  who  first 
introduced  the  alteration  of  this  truly  ancient  cere- 
mony of  immersion,  and  were  the  occasion  of  a 
degenerate,  sickly,  and  tender  race  ever  since." 
(Crosbys  History  of  the  English  Bjiptists,  i.  236- 
240.     London,  1738.) 

Ober,  Levi  E„  M.D.,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
born  at  Kockinghain,  Windham  Co.,  July  31,  1819, 
and  is  the  son  of  Wra.  and  Fanny  (Fairbanks)  Ober. 
In  1S30  his  father's  family  moved  to  Claridon, 
Geauga,  0.  Here  Levi  remained  on  his  father's 
farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  in  the  summer 
assisting  his  father  and  during  the  winter  attend- 
ing school.  He  continued  his  literary  and  scien- 
tific studies,  interspersed  with  manual  labor,  until 
1845,  when  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Storm  Rosa,  of  Painesville,  0.  He  took  medi- 
cal lectures  at  the  Western  Reserve  College,  Cleve- 
land, and  at  the  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincin- 
nati, from  which  last-named  college  he  received  a 
diploma  in  March,  1850.  He  subsequently  attended 
a  course  of  lectures  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Ober  began  practice  in 
Moline,  111.,  in  1850.  He  came  to  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  in  1857,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
stands  at  the  head  of  his  profession  in  the  State. 
He  has  a  very  extensive  practice,  reaching  far  be- 
yond the  city  of  his  residence.  In  1872  he  went 
to  Europe,  traveling  extensively  in  England,  Bel- 
gium, Switzerland,  and  parts  of  Germany,  and 
spending  the  winter  of  1.872-73  in  Italy.  He 
availed  himself  of  every  facility  for  visiting  hospi- 
tals, attending  lectures,  and  for  making  the  per- 
sonal acquaintance  of  the  most  eminent  medical 
men  in  the  old  country,  that  he  might  extend  and 
perfect  his  medical  knowledge. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Illinois  IIo- 
micopathic  Medical  Association,  and  also  a  founder 
of  the  Wisconsin  Homceopathic  Society,  and  has 
been  president  of  both  organizations.  Once  he  was 
called  upon  to  preside  over  the  N.itional  Society. 

But  in  Wisconsin  Dr.  Ober  is  no  less  widely 
known  .is  .an  eminent  medical  practitioner  than  as 
an  earnest  and  active  Christian.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  La  Crosse,  one  of  its  dea- 
cons, and  one  of  its  large-hearted,  liberal  .support- 
ers. In  all  the  religious  and  benevolent  work  of 
his  denomination  in  the  State  he  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest. He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  the  State 
Convention,  and  is  nearly  .always  present  at  its 
annual  meetings. 

Offer,   George,  was   born   in   London   in    1796. 


In  early  life  he  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bow,  and  sub.sequently  attached  himself 
to  the  congregation  at  Mare  .Street,  Hackney.  Al- 
though actively  engaged  in  business  during  the 
greater  part  of  his  life,  and  rendering  valuable 
public  services  as  a  magistrate  of  London,  and  as 
member  of  the  metropolitan  board  of  works,  he  de- 
voted himself  with  such  ardor  and  persistence  to 
the  history  of  two  books, — the  English  Bible  and 
the  "  Pilgrim's  Progress," — that  he  became  a  chief 
authority  with  all  students  and  inquirers,  with 
book-buyers  and  booksellers.  His  collection  of 
Bibles  and  Testaments,  and  of  the  works  of  the 
Puritan  divines,  especially  of  John  Bunyan,  was 
without  a  rival.  Mr.  Offer's  library  was  the  resort 
of  scholars  and  divines  of  all  ranks  and  denomina- 
tions. He  edited  the  works  of  Bunyan  in  three 
volumes,  and  wrote  a  memoir  which  is  allowed  to 
be  the  most  complete  biography  of  that  illustrious 
man.  He  also  wrote  the  "  Life  of  AVilliam  Tyii- 
dale,"  published  by  Bagster.  He  left  in  manuscript 
the  largest  production  of  his  pen,  entitled  "  The 
History  of  the  Great  Bible,"  embracing  the  history 
of  Coverdiile's  triinslation,  Tyndale's,  Cranmer's, 
and  the  Genevan,  each  profusely  illustrated  with 
fac-similes  carefully  made  by  himself.  His  death 
took  place  at  his  hmne  in  London,  Aug.  4,  1864. 

Ogilvie,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Stafford  Co., 
Va.,  in  the  year  1793.  He  seemed  inclined  at  dif- 
ferent times  to  prepare  himself  for  the  profession 
of  the  law,  and  again  for  that  of  medicine,  lie 
taught  school  for  a  short  time  in  Culpeper  County, 
then  at  Jeffersonton,  and  subsequently  in  Fauquier 
County,  having  taken  charge  of  the  New  Baltimore 
Academy.  In  early  life  he  was  quite  skeptical  in 
his  views,  but  in  1823,  having  heard  a  sermon  by 
Rev.  C.  George,  his  conscience  was  quickened,  he 
s.aw  the  folly  of  his  views,  and  was  led  to  give  him- 
self to  Christ.  One  month  after  his  baptism  he 
was  licensed  to  preach,  and  one  year  after  was  or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  ministry  and  became 
pastor  of  the. Goose  Creek  (Pleasant  Vale)  church. 
With  this  church  he  labored  most  faithfully  for 
more  than  twenty-five  years.  Teaching  school  and 
at  the  same  time  preaching  regularly  for  three  or 
four  churches,  his  labors  were  necessarily  very 
onerous,  and  his  exposure  to  all  kinds  of  weather 
terribly  exhausting.  The  great  majority  of  the 
Baptist  ministers  of  Virginia  twenty-five  years  ago, 
supplying  as  they  did  five  or  six  churches,  often 
spent  at  least  one-third  of  their  time  on  horseback, 
riding  to  and  from  their  various  appointments  for 
preaching,  and  Mr.  Ogilvie  had  his  full  share  of 
these  wearying  labors.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  en- 
dowed with  rare  gifts.  His  mind  was  strongly 
logical,  and  he  could  divest  a  subject  of  all  its 
amVjiguities  and  present  it  so  plainly  to  his  hearers 
as  to  make  the  most  abstruse  subjects  clear  to  the 


OHIO 


867 


OLD-LANDMAKKISM 


humblest  capacities.  One  wlio  knew  him  well  has 
said  that  he  never  heard  him  preach  a  sermon  from 
which  a  man  who  had  never  heard  the  gospel  be- 
fore, and  should  never  hear  it  again,  might  not 
learn  enough  about  the  plan  of  salvation  by  the 
cross  of  Christ  to  save  his  soul.  In  all  the  rela- 
tions of  life  his  character  was  irreproachable.  As 
a  citizen,  a  neighbor,  and  a  friend  he  was  esteemed 
by  all  who  knew  him,  while  as  a  Christian  he  was 
revered  for  his  unaffected  piety  and  devotion.  He 
died  June  2,  1849,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age, 
and  his  memory  is  fragrant  among  the  people  who 
knew  him  and  loved  him  so  well. 

Ohio  Baptists. — The  first  church  of  any  de- 
nomination in  Ohio,  or  the  Xorthwestern  Territory, 
as  it  was  originally  called,  was  a  Baptist  church. 
This  was  organized  at  Columbia,  then  five  miles 
above  Cincinnati,  and  now  a  part  of  that  city,  in 
1790.  A  year  and  a  half  previous  to  this  twenty- 
five  persons  from  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  had 
come  down  the  Ohio  River  to  this  point.  Six  of 
these  were  Baptists.  This  number  had  increased  to 
nine,  when  Rev.  Stephen  Gano.  subsequently  pastor 
of  the  First  church  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  who  was 
then  visiting  the  colony,  one  Saturday  at  the  house 
of  Benjamin  Davis,  presided  over  their  organiza- 
tion, and  the  next  day  baptized  three  believers.  The 
first  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev.  John  Smith, 
who  afterwards  became  a  member  of  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States.  A  meeting-house — the  first 
Protestant  place  of  worship  in  Ohio — was  built  in 
179.3. 

From  this  point  Baptists  soon  began  to  scatter 
through  lower  Ohio.  After  Wayne's  victory  over 
the  Indians,  in  179-1,  it  was  safer  to  leave  the 
river,  and  the  Miami  valley  rapidly  became  settled. 
A  Baptist  church  was  formed  at  Staunton,  near 
Troy,  in  1804.  About  the  same  time  the  King's 
Creek  and  Union  churches  were  organized,  as  were 
also  the  churches  at  Middletown  and  Lebanon. 
In  1808  the  Columbia  church  removed  to  Duck 
Creek,  and  has  ever  since  borne  the  name  of  the 
Duck  Creek  church.  The  Miami  Association,  con- 
taining originally  but  four  churches,  was  formed  in 
1797,  and  for  several  years  included  all  the  Baptist 
churches  in  Ohio. 

The  origin  of  Baptist  churches  in  other  parts  of 
the  State  was  somewhat  later.  One  of  the  oldest 
of  the  churches  is  that  at  Marietta.  The  First 
church,  Dayton,  O.,  was  constituted  and  recognized 
in  1824,  though  as  early  as  1806  there  are  traces 
of  Baptists  in  the  place,  and  for  some  time  there 
had  been  preaching  by  traveling  ministers.  The 
First  church  in  Cleveland  was  organized  in  1833, 
the  First  church  in  Columbus  three  or  four  years 
earlier,  and  the  First  church,  Toledo,  not  until 
1853.  The  oldest  Association  after  the  Miami  is 
the  Scioto,  and  the  next  oldest  the  Mad  River. 


The  progress  of  the  denomination  in  Ohio  was 
greatly  retarded  by  what  is  known  as  the  Campt- 
bellite  schism  in  1827-30,  which  divided  a  number 
of  churches  and  carried  away  some  prominent  min- 
isters, notably  Rev.  D.  S.  Burnett,  of  Dayton.  In 
the  reaction  following  this  movement,  Old-School 
or  Anti-Mission  tendencies  were  developed,  which 
produced  divisions  and  resulted  in  loss  of  numbers 
and  power. 

In  later  years,  however,  there  has  been  great 
progress.  The  largest  contributors  to  this  have 
been  the  State  Convention,  established  in  May, 
1826.  Granville  College,  opened  for  students  De- 
cember, 1831,  and  the  Education  Society,  organized 
in  1834.  At  present  the  Baptists  in  Ohio  number 
49,950.  There  are  633  churches  and  469  ordained 
ministers.  Connected  with  the  churches  there  are 
645  Sunday-schools,  with  6800  officers  and  teachers, 
and  58,500  scholars.  Granville,  Licking  Co.,  is  the 
literary  centre  of  the  denomination,  being  the  seat 
of  Denison  University,  of  which  Rev.  A.  Owen, 
D.D.,  is  president,  .ind  of  a  young  ladies'  institute, 
under  the  charge  of  Rev.  D.  Shepardson,  D.D. 
There  are  other  schools  in  the  State  also  in  which 
Baptists  have  a  controlling  interest,  notably  the 
Mount  Auburn  Young  Ladies'  Institute,  Cincinnati, 
0.,  and  Clermont  Academy,  in  Clermont  County. 

Old-Landmarkism. — The  following  sketch  was 
written  at  the  editor's  request  by  one  of  the  ablest 
Baptist  ministers  in  this  country.  Ilis  account  of 
the  opinions  of  all  landmarkers  is  entirely  reliaVjle : 

The  origin  of  the  term  old-landmarkism  was  as 
follows:  about  the  year  1850,  Rev.  J.  R.Graves, 
editor  of  the  Tennessee  Baptist,  published  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn..  began  to  advocate  the  position  that 
Baptists  cannot  consistently  recognize  Pedobaptist 
preachers  as  gospel  ministers.  For  several  years 
he  found  but  few  to  sympathize  with  this  view. 
Among  the  few  was  Rev.  J.  M.  Pendleton,  then  of 
Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  who  in  1854  was  requested 
by  Mr.  Graves  to  write  an  essay  on  this  question, 
"Ought  Baptists  to  recognize  Pedobaptist  preachers 
as  gospel  ministers?"  The  essay  was  published  in 
four  consecutive  numbers  of  the  aforesaid  paper, 
and  afterwards  in  the  form  of  a  tract.  The  title 
given  to  it  by  Mr.  Graves  was  ••  An  Old  Landmark 
Reset."  The  title  was  considered  appropriate,  be- ' 
cause  there  had  been  a  time  when  ministerial 
recognition  and  exchange  of  pulpits  between  Bap- 
tists and  Pcdobaptists  were  unknown.  This  was 
an  old  landmark,  but  in  the  course  of  years  it  had 
fallen.  When  it  was  raised  again  it  was  called 
"  an  old  landmark  reset."  Hence  the  term  "old- 
landmarkism,"  and  of  late  years,  by  way  of  abridg- 
ment, "  landmarkism." 

That  the  doctrine  of  landmarkism  is  not  a 
novelty,  as  some  suppose,  is  evident,  because  Wil- 
liam Kiffin,  of  London,  one  of  the  noblest  of  Eng- 


OLM STEAD 


868 


OLNEY 


lish  BaptiMts,  ndvocated  it  in  1040,  and  with  those 
who  agreed  with  him  foriiu'd  a  churcli,  of  wliieli 
he  was  pastor  till  his  death,  in  1701, — a  very  long 
pastorate.  These  facts  are  taken  from  Cramp's 
"  Baptist  History,"  and  he  refers  to  Ivimey's 
"Life  of  Kiffin." 

Benedict,  in  his  "  Fifty  Years  among  the  Bap- 
tists," in  referring  to  the  early  part  of  this  cen- 
tury, says,  "At  that  time  the  exchange  of  pulpits 
between  the  advocates  and  the  opponents  of  infant 
baptism  was  a  thing  of  very  rare  occurrence,  ex- 
cept in  a  few  of  the  more  distinguished  churches  in 
the  Northern  States.  Indeed,  the  doctrine  of  non- 
intercourse,  so  far  as  ministerial  services  were  con- 
cerned, alniiist  universally  prevailed  between  Bap- 
tists and  I'edobaptists."   pp.  94,  ',15. 

Truly  the  old  landmark  once  stood,  and  having 
fallen,  it  was  deemed  proper  to  reset  it. 

The  doctrine  of  landmarkisra  is  that  baptism 
and  church  membership  jirecede  the  preaching  of 
tlio  gospel,  even  as  they  precede  communion  at  the 
Lord's  table.  The  argument  is  that  Scriptural 
authority  to  preach  emanates,  under  God,  from  a 
gospel  church  :  that  as  "  a  visible  church  is  a  con- 
gregation of  baptized  believers,"  etc.,  it  follows 
that  no  I'edobaptist  organization  is  a  church  in  the 
Scriptural  sense  of  the  term,  and  that  therefore 
Scriptural  authority  to  preach  cannot  proceed  from 
such  an  organization.  Hence  the  non-recognition 
of  Pedobaptist  ministers,  who  are  not  interfered 
with,  but  simply  let  alone. 

At  the  time  the  "Old  Landmark  Reset"  was 
written  the  topic  of  non-ministerial  intercourse 
was  the  chief  subject  of  discussion.  Inseparable, 
however,  from  the  landmark  view  of  this  matter, 
is  a  denial  that  Pedobapti.st  societies  are  Scriptural 
churches,  that  Pedobaptist  ordinations  are  valid, 
and  that  immersions  administered  by  Pedobaptist 
ministers  can  be  consistently  accepted  by  any  Bap- 
tist church.  All  these  things  are  denied,  and  the 
intelligent  reader  will  see  why. 

Olmstead,  John  W.,  D.D.,  vras  born  in  Sara- 
toga Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  13,  1816.  His  parents  were 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
When  converted  his  convictions  led  him  to  the 
Baptists,  and  he  was  baptized  in  Schuylerville, 
N.  Y.,  in  1836,  by  Rev.  C.  B.  Keyes.  He  pursued 
academic  studies  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.  The  honor- 
ary degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Yale 
College,  and  afterwards  that  of  D.D.  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester.  He  was  first,  in  1837,  settled 
over  the  Baptist  church  of  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  remained  five  years.  He  then  became  pastor  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.,  where  he  continued  five  years.  In 
1846  he  became  editor  of  the  Christian  Reflector, 
of  Boston.  In  1848  the  Watchman  was  united  with 
it,  and  he  filled  the  editorial  chair  of  the  consoli- 
dated papers  until  1877.    His  ability  as  a  religious 


journalist  was  fully  demonstrated  in  his  long  and 
successful  management  of  that  paper.  In  1878  he 
commenced  the  New  York  Wulili-Tincer,  a  popular 
Baptist  paper,  and  he  is  confident  of  success.  He 
held  prominent  positions  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  in 
educational  wurk,  and  was  on  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Missionary  Union.  His  life  has  been 
one  iif  great  usefulness  and  honor. 

Olney,   Edward,   LL.D.,    Pnifessor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  author 


EDWARD   OLNEY,  LL.D. 

of  a  complete  set  of  mathematical  text-books,  is 
descended  from  the  Rhode  Island  OIneys,  and  was 
born  in  Moreau,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  24,  1827. 
During  most  of  his  childhood  and  youth  he  resided 
in  Ohio.  His  early  opportunities  for  au  education 
were  very  slight,  but  he  made  the  most  of  them. 
Beginning  to  teach  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  pros- 
ecuted his  own  studies  with  great  energy  and  suc- 
cess, and  early  became  eminent  as  a  teacher.  From 
1853  to  1863  he  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
Kalamazoo  College,  and  acquired  a  reputation  as 
teacher  in  this  department  almost  unequaled.  In 
1863  he  became  professor  in  the  State  University, 
and  still  holds  that  position  ;  but  his  interest  in 
Kalamazoo  College  remains  unabated.  He  is  a 
member  of  its  board  of  trustees,  and  among  its 
most  liberal  supporters.  He  has  the  warmest  in- 
terest in  Sunday-school  work,  and  is  always  ready 
to  serve  the  temperance  enterprise.  From  1875  to 
1879  he  was  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, and  has  since  been  its  treasurer.  Although 
not  an  ordained  minister,  he  sometimes  conducts 


ONCKEN 


869 


ONCKEN 


religious  services.  No  one  would  deny  that  liis 
influence  is  very  great,  and  always  on  the  side  of 
justice  and  religion.  He  Wiis  made  A.M.  by  Mad- 
ison University  in  1853,  and  LL.D.  by  Kalania/.oo 
College  in  1S74. 

Oncken,  Rev.  John  Gerhard.— No  one  will 
refuse    to   tliis  eminent   man    the  designation   of 


REV.  JOHX    GERHARD   ONCKEN. 

apostle  of  the  German  Baptists.  Ilis  life  being  so 
intimately  connected  with  the  rise  and  progress  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Germany,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  the  account  of  them  in  this  work,  and 
this  article  will  confine  itself  to  some  brief  biograph- 
ical data. 

Mr.  Oncken  was  born  in  Varel,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Oldenburg,  Jan.  26,  1800.  In  his  youth 
he  came  to  England,  where,  by  the  grace  of  God, 
lie  became  a  true  Christian.  Manifesting  a  peculiar 
fitness  for  evangelistic  labors,  he  was  sent  to  Ger- 
many in  1823  as  a  missionary  of  the  British  Conti- 
nental Society, — a  society  formed  in  England  for 
till'  purpose  of  spreading  tlie  gospel  on  the  conti- 
nent. Filled  with  zeal  and  fervent  love,  he  went 
back  to  his  native  land  a  joyous  herald  of  the  truth 
which  he  had  learned  in  a  foreign  clime.  He  first 
preached  the  gospel  on  the  coasts  of  tlie  Gorman 
Ocean,  in  the  cities  of  Haml)urg  and  Bremen,  and 
in  the  province  of  East  Frisia.  His  strong  religious 
convictions,  his  clear  insight  into  the  Word,  united 
witli  a  deep  spirituality,  a  pleasing  appearance,  and 
considerable  oratorical  talent,  gave  him  a  welcome 
reception  among  the  people  everywhere.  Many 
were  ciinvi'ited,   and   a  powerful    religious   move- 


ment manifested  itself  in  all  that  region.  Mr. 
Oncken  labored  as  a  missionary  of  the  British 
Continental  Society  till  1828,  and  then  became  the 
agent  of  the  Edinburgh  Bible  Society. 

As  a  result  of  faithful  Bible  study,  Mr.  Oncken 
gradually  reached  the  conviction  that  baptism  be- 
longs only  to  believers,  and  that  immersion  is  the 
only  Scriptural  mode  of  baptism.  After  having 
long  waited  for  an  opportunity  to  receive  baptism, 
Mr.  Oncken  was  at  length  baptized,  together  with 
six  others,  by  Rev.  Barnas  Scars,  then  of  Hamil- 
ton Institution,  on  the  22d  of  April,  1834,  in  the 
river  Elbe,  near  Hamburg ;  these  seven  believers 
were  the  first  fruit  of  thousands  yet  to  follow.  On 
the  succeeding  day  the.se  seven  were  constituted 
a  church,  the  First  German  Baptist  cluirch  in 
modern  times;  Mr.  Oncken  was  chosen  pastor. 

Mr.  Oncken's  baptism  created  a  great  sensation 
in  all  circles  where  he  was  known,  and  the  perse- 
cutions which  he  formerly  endured  now  became 
still  more  violent.  The  clergy,  in  harmony  with 
the  police,  were  determined  to  destroy  the  work  in 
its  inception,  but  all  their  efforts  proved  unavail- 
ing. Mr.  Oncken,  full  of  love  and  zeal,  proved 
himself  a  man  of  firm  determination  and  undaunted 
courage;  he  could  not  be  intimidated  nor  silenced; 
he  paid  no  heed  to  the  pi-ohibitions  of  the  author- 
ities; he  dreaded  not  the  dungeon,  and  yielded  not, 
even  when  incaroei-ated.  Under  God,  the  continu- 
ance and  the  prosperity  of  the  work  in  Germany  is 
due  largely,  first  of  all,  to  the  endurance,  fearless- 
ness, and  determination,  and,  secondly,  to  the  un- 
tiring labors,  of  this  remarkable  man.  From  that 
day  until  now  Mr.  Oncken's  life  has  been  one  of 
apostolic  toil  and  blessed  success  in  spreading  the 
gospel  through  Germany. 

Mr.  Oncken  has  always  remained  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Hamburg,  and  has  made  Hamburg  the 
centre  of  his  evangelistic  labors,  being  enabled  to 
do  this  through  the  faithful  aid  of  helpers  like 
Koebner  and  Schauffler  and  others,  who  supplied 
the  church  in  his  absence.  In  addition  to  his  evan- 
gelistic labors  in  Germany  and  adjoining  countries, 
Mr.  Oncken  has  frequently  visited  England  in  the 
interest  of  the  German  Baptist  cause,  and  in  1853, 
by  invitation  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  he  visited  the 
United  States,  traveling  extensively  in  the  North- 
western as  well  as  in  the  older  States,  On  that 
memorable  journey  Mr.  Oncken's  life  was  wonder- 
fully preserved  in  a  fearful  railroad  accident  at 
Norwalk,  Conn.  As  a  result  of  Mr.  Oncken's 
visit  the  committee  voted  to  aid  the  mission  in 
erecting  chapels  to  the  extent  of  S8000  a  year  for 
five  years. 

Looking  over  his  eventful  and  useful  life,  it  may 
be  said  that  Mr.  Oncken's  piety,  courage,  untiring 
energy,  and  his  strong  organizing  faculty  have  been 


ONE  ALL 


870 


ONEALL 


the  foundation-stones  of  his  great  success.  His  in- 
fluence over  the  churches  and  pastors  in  Germany 
has  been  powerful.  They  have  looked  npon  him 
as  a  fatlier,  liave  greatly  revered  him,  and  highly 
respected  his  judgment.  The  weakness  of  advanced 
age  hinders  Mr.  Oncken  engaging  any  longer  in 
his  loved  employ;  but  while  he  still  lingers  amid 
the  scenes  of  his  former  conflict,  throngs  of  bless- 
ings cheer  his  declining  days,  and  when  he  shall 
be  no  longer  walking  among  his  brethren,  the 
memory  of  his  faithful  and  successful  service  will 
be  embalmed  among  the  Baptists  of  Germany  in 
all  succeeding  generations. 

O'Neall,  Chief-Justice  John  Belton,  was  bom 
on   the  loth  of  April,  1793,  near  Bubo's  Mills,  in 


CHIEF-JUSTICE   JOHN    BELTON    O  NE.\LL. 

Newberry  District,  S.  C.  He  was  the  son  of  Hugh 
O'Neall  and  Ann  Kelly,  his  wife, — his  ancestors  on 
both  sides  being  of  ancient  Irish  families.  In  his 
youth  he  had  facilities  for  education  that  were  un- 
usual for  that  period.  In  February,  1811,  he  en- 
tered the  Junior  class  of  South  Carolina  College, 
and  in  December,  1812,  graduated  with  the  second 
honor  of  that  institution.  He  devoted  himself  to 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  from  the  commence- 
ment obtained  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In 
1816  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina.  He 
was  again  elected  in  1822.  1824,  and  182fi,  and 
during  the  last  two  terms  was  the  Speaker  of  the 
House.  In  December,  1828,  he  was  elected  an  as- 
sociate judge,  and  in  1830  a  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals.     On  the  abolition  of  that  court  he  was 


transferred  to  the  Court  of  Law.  In  1850  he  be- 
came president  of  the  Court  of  Law  Appeals  and 
of  the  Court  of  Errors.  Upon  the  reorganization 
of  a  separate  Court  of  Appeals,  he  was  with  great 
unanimity  appointed  chief  justice  of  South  Caro- 
lina. It  would  be  superfluous  to  attempt  to  de- 
scribe the  manner  in  which  these  several  offices  of 
public  trust  have  been  filled.  His  thorough  busi- 
ness habits,  his  untiring  industry,  his  incorruptible 
integrity,  his  conscientious  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  every  oSice,  together  with  his  great  learning, 
enabled  him  to  establish  for  himself  a  position 
unequaled  by  any  chief  justice  in  the  history  of 
this  State. 

It  might  seem  that  surrounded  by  such  cares  he 
would  have  no  time  for  the  performance  of  other 
public  duties.  But,  on  the  contrary,  we  find  him 
devoting  himself  in  various  other  ways  to  what  he 
deemed  the  vital  interests  of  the  country.  His 
attention  to  agriculture  contributed  in  great  part 
to  its  advancement  in  South  Carolina,  but  especially 
in  his  native  district  of  Newberry.  To  his  labors 
and  personal  influence,  too,  is  the  State  indebted 
for  the  successful  completion  of  the  Greenville  and 
Columbia  Railroad.  His  activity  in  these  respects 
was  but  an  index  of  his  more  private  labors  in 
every  way  in  which  the  material  prosperity  of  the 
State  could  be  advanced. 

Outside  of  his  official  labors,  perhaps  Judge 
O'Neall  was  known  in  no  respect  so  well  as  in  the 
character  of  an  ardent  advocate  of  total  abstinence 
from  all  intoxicating  liquors.  To  this  work  he 
devoted  himself  during  the  most  vigorous  years  of 
his  manhood,  and  continued  his  efforts  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  became  known  as  the  ajiostle 
of  temperance  in  South  Carolina,  and  occupied  the 
highest  position  among  its  most  distinguished  ad- 
vocates in  North  America.  No  one  man  has  per- 
formed more  voluntary  labor  in  this  cause  than  he. 

It  was  the  privilege,  however,  of  those  who 
knew  Judge  O'Neall  in  his  private  life  to  appreciate 
most  highly  the  true  worth  of  his  character.  His 
public  life  displayed  the  sterner,  his  private  life 
the  gentler,  traits  of  true  and  noble  manhood,  each 
in  equal  perfection.  God  blessed  him  in  the  selec- 
tion of  a  companion  whom  he  spared  until  the  end 
of  his  life.  On  the  25th  of  June,  1818,  he  was 
married  to  Helen,  eldest  daughter  of  Capt.  Samp- 
son and  Sarah  Strother  Pope.  All  the  children  of 
this  marriage  preceded  their  honored  father  to  the 
grave.  He  himself  died  on  Sunday,  the  27th  of 
December,  1863,  being  seventy  years,  eight  months, 
and  seventeen  days  old. 

The  Convention  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
South  Carolina  suffered  a  great  loss  in  the  death 
of  Chief-Justice  O'Neall,  because  he  was  an  ardent 
co-worker  with  his  brethren  in  the  advancement 
of  Christ's  kingdom.     His  parents  were  Friends, 


O'NEALL 


871 


ONTARIO 


or  Quakers,  but  from  the  time  that  Brother  O'Neall 
made  a  profession  of  Christianity  he  was  an  earnest 
advocate  of  the  religious  views  held  by  the  Calvin- 
istic  Baptists.  A  great  revival  in  the  town  of  \ew- 
berry,  in  I.H31,  gave  origin  to  the  Baptist  chundi 
of  that  place,  on  the  records  of  which,  under  date 
of  Saturday,  Jan.  26,  1833,  is  the  following:  "Re- 
ceived by  experience,  John  B.  O'Neall."  In  the 
iniiiutes  of  Saturday.  March  22.  1834,  is  another 
item  of  importance  :  ■'  Resolved,  that  it  is  expedient 
to  appoint  three  additional  deacons  of  this  cliurch, 
who  are  requested  to  conduct  all  prayer-meetings 
from  time  to  time,  and  to  take  part  in  any  other 
religious  exercises  to  which  they  may  be  prompted 
by  the  Spirit  in  aid  of  the  pastor  of  this  church." 
Under  the  above  resolution  were  appointed  John 
B.  O'Neall,  M.  T.  Mendenhall,  and  Drayton  Nance. 
In  compliance  witli  the  above  resolution  religious 
meetings  were  conducted  by  the  brethren  named 
with  great  regularity  for  a  considerable  time. 
Judge  O'Neall's  addresses,  lectures,  and  exhorta- 
tions are  still  remembered  by  those  who  used  to 
hear  them.  They  were  characterized  by  all  the 
vehemence  and  earnestness  which  at  a  later  period 
marked  similar  efforts  in  the  cause  of  temperance. 
He  was  at  that  time  very  active  in  the  church. 
Afterwards  the  judge  was  often  absent  discharging 
his  official  duties,  but  whenever  at  home  he  was  a 
constant  attendant  upon  the  public  ministry  of  the 
gospel,  and  felt  much  interest  in  all  that  concerned 
the  welfare  of  the  church. 

He  carried  into  it  the  same  characteristics  which 
distinguished  him  in  other  important  relations, 
— -great  zeal,  energy,  ardor,  and  devotion.  These 
qualities,  connected  with  unusual  ability,  made  him 
the  effective  Christian  he  was.  Judge  O'Neall 
was  remarkable  for  his  humility  as  a  Christian, 
and  though  occupying  prominent  positions  in  the 
State,  and  receiving  at  times  an  homage  which 
was  well  calculated  to  foster  worldly  pride,  he  al- 
ways retained  that  humility  which  condescends  to 
small  things  and  to  men  of  low  estate.  His  piety, 
as  exhibited  at  home,  around  the  fireside,  and  in 
private  life,  displayed  this  quality  most  strikingly. 
It  was  his  custom  to  erect  a  domestic  altar  night 
and  morning,  when,  gathering  his  family,  white 
and  black,  around  him,  he  invoked  the  blessings 
and  piirdon  of  heaven  upon  them  in  a  most  simple 
and  touching  manner,  and  if  a  friend  or  stranger 
happened  under  his  roof,  he  invariably  prayed  for 
him  personally.  His  fervid  manner  of  addressing 
a  throne  of  grace  showed  his  strong  faith  in  a 
special  providence.  He  was  remarkable  fur  a 
tender  regard  for  all  around  him.  If  his  humblest 
servant  was  seriously  sick,  he  exhibited  a  strong 
sympathy  for  him  and  made  him  a  subject  of  prayer 
at  the  family  altar,  and  followed  the  remains  of  a 
servant   to   the  burying-ground,  and  stood  by  the 


grave  during  the  funeral  service  with  a  reverence, 
humility,  and  awe  which  showed  how  deeply  his 
heart  was  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  Christ,  and 
how  surely  he  felt  that  God  was  no  respecter  of 
persons.  He  was  loved  and  revered  in  his  own 
district  as  the  friend  of  the  widow  and  orphan. 
Indeed,  this  was  his  character  throughout  the 
State.  Enjoying  a  reputation  for  liberality,  and 
occupying  a  position  which  exposed  him  to  calls  of 
this  kind,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  he  ex- 
pended a  small  fortune  in  responding  to  such  ap- 
peals. He  was  quite  as  well  known  for  that  charity 
which  marked  the  good  Samaritan, — that  gentle 
and  kind  sympathy  which  will  observe  and  even 
hunt  out  and  relieve  the  wants  and  distresses  of 
others  by  counsel,  advice,  and  sj'mpathy  as  well  as 
donations  of  money. 

But  Judge  O'Neall's  most  distinguishing  trait  as 
a  Christian  was  that  he  was  not  ashamed  of  the  re- 
ligion of  Christ.  It  was  this  that  made  him  so  emi- 
nently useful.  No  man,  certainly  no  layman  in 
the  Baptist  denomination,  nor  in  any  other,  has 
exerted  so  wide-spread  an  influence  for  good.  Be- 
fore assembled  multitudes,  in  charging  juries,  in 
sentencing  criminals,  or  in  making  temperance 
speeches,  he  always  made  it  a  point  to  enforce 
directly  or  indirectly  the  truths  of  Christianity. 

At  home,  in  his  own  church,  he  was  in  the  habit 
for  many  years  of  conducting  prayer-meetings  and 
delivering  addresses  when  there  was  no  preaching 
in  the  church.  He  continued  this  until  he  was 
seriously  injured  by  an  accident  on  the  railroad, 
after  which  he  discontinued  public  speaking  of  all 
kinds.  His  prayers  and  lectures  on  such  occasions 
were  warm,  fervent,  and  effective.  He  would 
usually  take  a  chapter  or  a  portion  of  one,  and 
make  a  running  comment.  Often  he  would  select 
a  psalm,  the  fervid  eloquence,  poetic  sentiment,  and 
language  of  which  seemed  congenial  to  him,  and 
gave  him  an  opportunity,  which  seemed  to  delight 
him,  of  expatiating  on  the  goodness,  power,  and 
glory  of  God. 

■With  all  his  honors  he  cherished  most  his  privi- 
leges as  a  servant  of  Christ,  who,  amid  the  many 
duties  of  a  life  of  extraordinary  activity,  has  always 
remembered  his  dependence  upon  God,  and  sought 
his  aid,  and  strove  to  guide  others,  too,  in  the  way 
of  life. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  where  such  piety  is 
united  with  such  greatness  his  brethren  should 
have  loved  and  honored  him.  At  the  session  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  held  in  July,  1858, 
he  was  electe<l  president,  an  office  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  July,  1S63,  when  his  failing  health  for- 
bade his  further  attendance  upon  its  meetings. 

Ontario  and  Quebec,  Baptists  of. — It  is  difficult 
to  trace  the  history  of  the  introduction  of  Baptists 
into  these  provinces,  as  until  a  comparatively  recent 


ONTARIO 


872 


ORDIXA  TION 


date  no  tittenipt  was  made  to  preserve  the  denomi- 
national records.  But  as  Baptists  are  always  found 
wherever  the  Word  of  God  is  freely  circulated  and 
devoutly  studied,  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  there 
were  many  converts  to  our  principles,  in  the  upper 
province  at  least,  before  the  arrival  of  Baptist 
preachers.  So  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  first 
churches  were  planted  by  itinerant  missionaries 
from  Nova  .Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the  United 
States.  None  of  these  cliurches  has  a  history  ex- 
tending over  a  much  longer  period  than  eiglity-five 
years.  According  to  a  brief  sketch  published  by 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Fyfe,  in  18.i9,  the  first  church  in 
the  eastern  section  of  the  country  of  which  there  is 
any  authentic  account  was  formed  in  Caldwell's 
Manor,  by  Rev.  E.  Andrews,  of  Vermont,  in  1794. 
This  section  is  indebted  to  missionaries  sent  out  by 
a  society  of  which  the  late  venerable  Dr.  Sliarp,  of 
Boston,  was  secretary.  In  the  same  year  (1794)  the 
first  church  in  the  western  section  was  formed  under 
Elders  Hamilton  and  Turner,  at  Thurlow,  in  the 
county  of  Northumberland  ;  and  about  the  same 
year  Elder  AV'inn  commenced  to  labor  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Prince  Edward.  Through  this  region  there 
once  flourished  many  churches, — in  the  townships 
of  Rawdon,  Sidney,  Cramahe,  Murray,  etc, — but 
chiefly  through  emigration  westward  some  of  them 
liave  become  extinct,  and  others  have  languished 
lor  years. 

In  1800  a  brother  named  Finch,  from  New 
Brunswick,  began  to  preach  at  Charlotteville,  and 
in  1804  a  church  was  formed  there,  of  which  several 
neighboring  churches  are  the  thriving  daughters. 
Soon  after  this  the  church  in  Beamsville  was  formed, 
under  the  missionary  labors  of  Elders  Covell  and 
Warren,  from  the  Shaftsbury  Association,  Vt. 
This  church  has  also  been  a  fruitful  mother.  Be- 
yond these  outlines  it  would  be  scarcely  possible 
to  trace  the  influences  (they  have  been  sn  varied) 
which  have  raised  up  Baptist  churches  in  different 
parts  of  the  country.  The  Baptists  were  the  first 
anti-Roman  Catholic  missionaries  to  Canada,  as 
they  were  the  first  missionaries  to  the  heathen,  and 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  history  of  their  early 
trials  and  labors  is  so  little  known. 

The  numerical  increa.se  of  the  denomination  will 
be  indicated  by  the  following  statistics  :  in  1828 
there  were  in  Ontario  (then  called  Upper  Canada) 
4.5  ministers,  1435  communicants,  and  5740  regu- 
lar hearers.  The  Baptists  in  Quebec,  or  Lower 
Canada,  at  that  time  were  very  few,  and  would  not 
have  materially  altered  the  above  figures.  In  1842 
the  census  gave  19,f)2.'5  Baptists  in  the  two  prov- 
inces ;  six  years  later  they  numbered  28. .50.3 ;  in 
four  years  more  (1852)  they  numbered  49.846  ;  and 
in  1860  the  number  of  ministers  was  about  190,  of 
communicants  13,715,  and  of  adherents  60,000. 
Now  (1881 )  there  are  not  fewer  than  250  ministers, 


356  churches,  a  membership  of  more  than  27.000, 
and  at  least  125,000  adherents.  Of  these,  by  far 
the  greater  number  belong  to  Ontario.  The  "  Cana- 
dian Baptist  Year-Book"  for  1881  gives  the  Bap- 
tists of  Quebec  only  26  English-speaking  cliurches, 
with  a  total  membership  of  about  2000.  If  the 
members  of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mission  churches 
(French)  are  added,  the  number  of  communicants 
will  not  even  then  exceed  2400.  These  figures  need 
occasion  no  surprise,  when  it  is  remembered  that 
the  entire  Protestant  population  of  that  province  is 
exceedingly  small.  The  largest  churches  in  the 
two  provinces  are  Jarvis  Street,  Toronto,  with  751  ; 
First  Brantford,  with  525 ;  and  First  Montreal, 
with  479  members.  Several  others  have  from  20f) 
to  3-50  members.     There  are  14  Associations. 

Fur  Christian  enterprise  and  liberality  the  Bap- 
tists of  Ontario  and  Quebec  will  compare  favorably 
with  their  brethren  in  any  part  of  the  world.  Their 
Literary  Institute,  at  Woodstock,  for  which  an  ade- 
quate endowment  is  nearly  raised,  and  the  new 
Theological  Seminary  at  Toronto,  the  land  and 
buildings  of  which  are  the  donation  of  one  man. 
stand  as  monuments  of  princely  giving  on  the  part 
of  the  rich,  and  of  the  munificence  of  the  body 
generally.  Home  mission  work  is  done  under  the 
direction  of  two  boards,  representing  the  East  and 
the  West  respectively.  The  new  province  of  Mani- 
toba receives  missionary  aid  through  a  separate 
organization.  A  Foreign  Missionary  Society  is 
also  maintained,  with  which  are  connected  two 
Women's  Auxiliary  Societies.  Besides  these  the 
aid  of  the  denomination  is  claimed  by  a  Church 
Edifice  Society,  a  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Super- 
annuated Ministers,  and  the  Grande  Ligne  Evan- 
gelical Society. 

Two  weekly  newspapers,  the  Canadian  Baptist 
and  Christian  Helper,  are  published  at  Toronto ; 
and  also  a  monthly,  the  Canadian  Missionary 
Link,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Women's 
Foreign  Mission  Societies.  (See  also  the  article 
Baptist  Union  of  Canada.) 

O'Quin,  Rev.  Ezekiel,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Rapides  Parish,  La.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina 
in  1781,  and  died  in  1823. 

O'Qain,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Ezekiel  O'Quin.  was 
born  in  .South  Carolina  in  1808,  and  settled  in  Rap- 
ides Parish,  La.,  in  1815;  began  to  preach  in  1834, 
and  became  a  pioneer  in  the  St.  Landry  region. 
While  preaching  constantly  he  engaged  success- 
fully in  planting,  and  amassed  a  large  fortune. 
Since  the  war  he  has  engaged  actively  in  politics, 
and  has  served  with  ability  several  terms  in  the 
Louisiana  Legislature. 

Ordination. — When  a  brother  is  set  apart  to  the 
work  of  the  gospel  ministry,  if  he  is  ordained  by 
the  authority  of  the  church  to  w^hich  his  services 
are  to  be  given,  his  membership  is  first  transferred 


OREGON 


873 


ORIGIN 


to  that  community.  They  pass  resolutions  declar- 
ing their  conviction  that  he  should  be  ordained, 
and  they  summon  a  council  to  meet  for  that  pur- 
pose on  a  designated  day.  They  appoint  brethren 
to  represent  them  in  the  council.  The  clerk  of  the 
church  presents  the  council  with  its  resolutions,  a 
list  of  the  churches  invited,  and  the  names  of  the 
representatives  of  the  church.  When  the  council 
is  organized,  and  opened  with  devotional  exercises, 
the  candidate  gives  an  account  of  his  conversion, 
call  to  the  ministry,  and  views  of  doctrine  and 
church  order.  After  a  searching  examination  from 
the  ministers  and  laj'men  of  tlie  council,  he  is  re- 
quested to  retire,  when  his  conversion,  divine  call, 
character,  orthodoxy,  and  talents  are  carefully  scru- 
tinized. If  he  is  approved  by  the  council  a  resolu- 
tion to  that  effect  i.s  passed,  and  another  that  the 
council  proceed  to  his  ordination.  The  candidate 
is  then  brought  before  the  council,  and  the  moder- 
ator announces  to  him  its  decision.  A  committee 
is  then  appointed  to  arrange  for  the  ordination  ser- 
vices ;  this  committee  always  includes  the  candi- 
date. The  moderator  of  the  council  presides  at  the 
ordination.  Its  services  include  a  sermon,  the  im- 
position of  hands  on  the  head  of  the  kneeling  can- 
didate by  all  the  ministers  in  the  pulpit,  the  hand 
of  fellowship  as  a  herald  of  the  gospel,  a  charge  to 
the  candidate  and  to  the  church.  If  the  minister 
is  not  yet  a  memVjer  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  to 
become  pastor,  the  church  to  which  he  belongs  calls 
the  council,  and  he  is  ordained  by  its  request  and 
under  its  authority. 

Oregon,  a  rich  agricultural  and  mining  State, 
with  man}-  prosperous  cities.  It  has  four  univer- 
sities and  colleges,  and  a  splendid  common  school 
system.  On  May  25,  1844,  "  The  West  Union  Bap-  | 
tist  church"  was  formed  on  the  Tualatin  Plains, 
with  eight  members.  It  was  the  first  Baptist  church 
at  that  date  in  the  United  States  west  of  the  Rocky 
.Mountains.  They  met  regularly  for  yeai's  to  study 
tlie  Bible  and  hear  a  sermon  read  by  one  of  their 
number.  In  February,  1845,  Rev.  V.  Snelling 
preached  the  first  sermon  to  the  little  flock,  joined 
them,  with  his  wife,  and  David  T.  Lenox  was  or- 
dained a  deacon.  In  May,  1845,  they  celebrated 
the  Lords  Supper  for  the  first  time.  Other  minis- 
ters began  to  arrive,  new  churches  were  organized, 
until  now  Oregon  has  nearly  eighty  churches,  five 
Associations,  a  monthly  paper.  The  Beacon,  one 
college,  at  McMinnvillc,  its  State  Convention,  Mis- 
sion, Education,  and  Sunday-school  Conventions 
and  Boards,  a  Woman's  Missionary  Society,  and 
about  3o0<)  Baptist  members.  There  is  also  a  flour- 
ishing mission  for  the  Chinese  in  Oregon,  located 
at  Portland ;  the  soul  of  this  mission  is  a  converted 
and  ordained  Chinaman,  Rev.  Dong  Gong,  who  be- 
came a  Christian  and  a  Baptist  almost  at  the  peril 
of  his  life. 
56 


Origin  of    Infant    Baptism,  The.  —  Infant 

baptism  oamc  into  life  in  .Vfrica.  the  country  of 
slavery,  cruelty,  and  ignorance.  In  the  Roman 
colony  stretching  along  the  coast  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea,  where  the  warlike  and  ferocious  Car- 
thaginians built  up  their  commerce  and  sovereigntv. 
this  superstitious  rite  was  born.  Never  in  humnn 
history  is  it  heard  of  until  African  writers  mention 
it.  Tertullian,  at  the  very  close  of  the  second  cen- 
tury, di.scountenances  the  baptism  of  children, — 
not  unconscious  infants.  Speaking  of  them  he 
says,  ■'  They  know  how  to  ask  for  salvation  (bap- 
tism) that  you  may  seem  to  have  given  it  to  one 
seeking  it."  (Norint  petcre  salutem,  ut  petenti 
dedisse  videaris.  I)e  Baptismo,  cap.  IS.  Lipsiae, 
1839.)  These  candidates  for  baptism  could  ask  for 
it,  and  consequently  were  not  unconscious  babes, 
and  he  opposes  its  administration  to  them  on  ac- 
count of  their  early  years.  There  is  no  hint  given 
that  it  was  customary  to  baptize  intelligent  children 
of  several  years  of  age.  Tertullian's  little  book 
was  written  against  the  Quintillianists,  who  suf- 
fered women  to  preach  and  baptize,  and  who  were 
regarded  as  heretics.  His  work  aflbrds  no  hint  of 
the  existence  of  the  baptism  of  unconscious  babes. 
The  first  case  of  that  sort,  if  real,  in  the  literature 
of  Christianity,  is  to  be  found  in  a  letter  of  Cyp- 
rian, bistiop  of  Carthage,  written  about  a.d.  256. 
giving  an  siccount  of  the  proceedings  of  a  council 
of  sixty-six  bishops  held  at  that  time  in  Carthage. 
Fidus,  a  country  bishop,  wanted  to  know  if  an  in- 
fant might  be  baptized  before  it  was  eight  days 
old.  There  is  not  a  Sunday-school  teacher  in  a 
Pedobaptist  school  in  Christendom  who  could  not 
answer  that  question  in  a  moment,  but  Fidus,  a 
bishop,  could  not  decide  what  to  do,  and  Cyprian, 
a  man  of  superlative  presumption,  feels  compelled 
to  seek  the  wisdom  of  sixty-six  bishops  to  guide 
Fidus.  If  the  letter  of  Cyprian  is  genuine,  this  is 
the  first  distinct  evidence  of  the  existence  of  infant 
baptism  among  the  Saviour's  followers ;  no  other 
intimation  of  its  occurrence  in  the  third  century  is 
given,  but  few  instances  of  it  can  be  found  in  the 
fourth,  and  the  baptism  of  catechized  persons  was 
common  for  ages  after:  but  we  doubt  the  genuine- 
ness of  this  letter. 

Beyond  all  question  infant  baptism  began  in 
Africa,  and  Augustine  of  Hippo  was  the  man  who 
lent  it  the  force  which  gave  it  victory.  Africa 
had  been  cursed  for  ages  with  hunmn  sacrifices  !<■ 
Saturn, — little  children  were  placed  in  the  arms  ol 
a  metal  image  intensely  heateil.  with  a  blazing  fire 
underneath  its  outstretched  arms.  Many  persons 
who  became  nominal  Christians  practised  this  an- 
cient and  horrid  abomination  ;  backsliders  from 
Christianity  followed  this  hideous  rite  of  the  Phoe- 
nician colonists  of  North  Africa.  Robinson  has  a 
theory  about  the  origin  of  the  infant  ceremonj 


onir.rxAL 


wliicl)  may  contain  some  truth.  His  idea  is  that  it 
was  prohably  used  to  place  God's  niarlc  upon  tho 
infants,  and  thereby  to  protect  tliem  rroin  the  bloody 
arms  of  infamous  Saturn,  to  whose  frightful  em- 
brace their  superstitious  parents  would  consign 
them.  After  mentioning  various  matters  connected 
with  his  theory,  he  says,  "  Collecting  into  one  point 
of  view  all  the  foreraentioned  facts,  the  eye  fixes  on 
Fidus,  the  honest  and  humane  bishop  of  a  company 
of  Christians  in  a  country  place  of  Africa,  where 
some  of  his  neighbors  bought,  stole,  captured,  and 
burnt  children  ;  W'here  some  of  his  flock  returned 
to  paganism  ;  others  intermarried  with  pagan  fam- 
ilies and  went  with  them  into  the  old  practices  of 
sacrificing  children  to  the  gods  ;  himself  tilled  with 
Jewish  ideas  of  dedicating  children  to  the  true 
God,  and  marking  them  by  circumcision  ;  and  send- 
ing for  advice  to  Cyprian,  exactly  such  another 
confused  genius  as  himself,  is  it  a  very  improbable 
conjecture  that  Fidus  bethought  himself  of  bap- 
tizing new-born  infants  as  an  expedient  to  save 
the  lives  of  the  lamljs  of  his  flock?  .  .  .  To  prevail 
with  such  savages  to  dedicate  their  infants  to  God  ; 
to  take  possession  of  them  by  the  soft  method  of 
dipping  them  in  water ;  to  procure  some  persons 
of  more  influence  than  the  parents  to  become  spon- 
sors for  the  babes  (adults  required  sponsors  in  or- 
der to  be  baptized  soon  after  the  apostolic  age,  to 
instruct  them,  and  probably  to  protect  persecuted 
Christians  from  baiitizing  spies)  ;  this  resembles 
the  great  Alfred's  uniting  Britons  into  tens,  and 
forcing  every  nine  to  pledge  themselves  that  the 
tenth  should  enjoy  his  liberty  and  his  life."  (His- 
tory of  Baptism,  248-9.  Nashville.)  Whether 
Cyprian's  letter  is  genuine  or  a  forgery,  and 
whether  or  not  such  a  man  as  Fidus  ever  lived,  it 
is  extremely  probable  that  Mr.  Robinson's  conjec- 
ture had  some  truth  in  it.  The  writer,  however,  is 
of  the  opinion  that  the  grand  forces  which  gave 
success  to  infant  baptism  after  the  application  of 
the  rite  to  them  was  conceived,  were  the  pernicious 
falsehoods  that  Adaiu's  guilt  would  keep  every  un- 
baptized  infant  out  of  heaven,  and  that  his  iniquity 
was  washed  from  the  soul  of  the  infant  by  bap- 
tism. So  soon  as  these  fables  were  received,  men, 
and  sui-ely  women,  were  inclined  to  favor  the  dip- 
ping of  new-born  babes. 

Original  Sin. — Adam  and  Eve  were  created  in 
perfect  innocence.  They  could  not  be  invested  with 
infallibility,  for  that  attribute  belongs  to  God  alone, 
and  Jehovah  could  not  create  a  deity  :  but  they  were 
summoned  into  life  without  a  tendency  to  sin,  and 
they  were  as  holy  as  the  angels  of  God. 

The  human  race  was  created  in  Adam  and  Eve, 
just  as  millions  of  oaks  were  created  in  the  first 
tree  of  that  kind.  Physical  defects  or  material  beau- 
ties liave  been  transmitted  down  from  the  first  two 
parents  of  our  race  ;  they  could  come  from  no  other 


874 


ORIGINAL 


source.  When  Adam  sinned  he  furfcited  his  title 
to  the  tree  of  life  in  Eden,  and  as  a  consequence  its 
leaves  and  fruit  no  longer  healed  his  wounds,  acted 
as  an  antidote  against  his  diseases,  and  arrested  the 
decay  that  ever  since  has  wasted  declining  years. 
He  lost  Kden  with  the  tree  of  life  at  the  fall,  and 
so  did  his  posterity  in  him.  The  head  of  the  family 
recklessly  squandered  his  rich  inheritance,  and  ns 
a  matter  of  course  those  who  were  born  to  him 
afterwards  never  enjoyed  any  part  of  it.  The  same 
thing  was  true  of  the  divine  favorwhich  ho  forfeited 
in  Eden  ;  it  was  lost  to  him  for  the  time  being  by 
the  use  of  the  forbidden  fruit,  and  it  was  never 
restored  unless  he  repented,  and  through  divinely- 
appointed  sacrifices  turned  to  the  Lord  his  God. 

He  left  Eden  with  a  heart  vitiated  by  sin,  and 
his  children  subsequently  born  came  into  the  world 
with  his  spiritual  defects  and  temporal  disadvan- 
tages. He  once  bore  the  image  of  God,  but  sin  de- 
stroyed it,  and  all  his  descendants  have  been  marked 
by  a  guilty  likeness  to  him. 

Original  sin  vitiates  the  moral  tastes  of  each  man; 
it  leads  him  to  prefer  the  world,  fleshly  gratifica- 
tions, and  even  the  snares  of  the  tempter,  to  the 
service  of  God.  And  as  there  is  not  in  human  na- 
ture a  counteracting  agency  to  subdue  guilty  tastes 
and  restore  the  transgressor  to  Jehovah,  he  must 
continually  sink  deeper  into  sin  unless  sovereign 
grace  restores  him. 

Original  sin  leads  directly  and  surely  to  total 
depravity.  We  prefer  total  ]>i;rver>iion  as  a  better 
description  of  this  sad  state.  Good  and  gentle  and 
moral  persons  who  have  not  been  born  again  are 
totally  perverted  from  God.  If  the  heart  is  for 
Christ,  the  whole  being  is  on  his  side;  if  the  heart 
is  against  him,  the  whole  man  is  his  enemy.  When 
Anne  Boleyn  had  the  heart  of  Henry  VIII.,  he 
slighted  Queen  Catharine,  hurled  aside  the  author- 
ity of  the  pope  and  the  claims  of  his  religion,  in 
the  defense  of  wdiich  he  had  written  a  book,  defied 
all  fUirope  in  his  determination  to  marry  her,  and 
befriended  the  Bible,  which  he  liad  burned,  and  the 
Protestants,  wliom  he  hail  slandered  and  persecuted, 
because  of  his  regard  for  her.  But  when  his  heart 
turned  to  a  rival  of  Anne,  then  he  was  wholly  alien- 
ated from  her.  This  is  the  exact  situation  of  each 
unsaved  man  :  his  heart  and  life  are  wholly  per- 
verted from  God.  AVhat  was  true  of  ancient  Israel 
may  be  justly  applied  to  all  unconverted  persons, 
"  Ye  will  revolt  more  and  more  :  the  whole  head  is 
sick,  and  the  whole  heart  faint.  From  the  sole  of 
the  foot  even  unto  the  head  there  is  no  soundness 
in  it;  but  wounds,  and  bruises,  and  i>utrefying 
sores." — Isa.  i.  .5,  6. 

Original  sin  has  extended  over  the  whole  race. 
Dreadful  and  undeniable  facts  prove  this  statement, 
and  inspiration  asserts  it.  Paul  says,  "  We  have 
before  proved  both  Jews  and  Gentiles,  that  they 


OSAGE 


S7.") 


OSGOOD 


aro  all  under  sin  ;  as  it  is  written.  •  There  is  none 
rij;liteou.s,  no,  not  one:  there  is  none  thiit  under- 
standeth,  there  is  none  that  seeketh  after  God. 
They  are  all  gone  out  of  tlie  way,  they  are  to- 
gether become  unprofitable;  there  is  none  that 
ilceth  good,  no,  not  one.'" — Kom.  iii.  10-12. 
When  he  speaks  of  Jews  and  Gentiles  he  iutend.s 
to  describe  all  men.  The  race  in  unbelief  is  in  a 
state  of  total  perversion  from  God. 

Original  sin  paralyzes  the  moral  powers  of  the 
soul,  and  forbids  any  man,  unaided  by  divine 
grace,  to  go  to  Jesus.  A  young  French  ecclesi- 
astic, years  ago,  was  supposed  to  have  died,  and 
was  in  his  coffin  when  the  mass  for  the  dead  was 
being  read.  He  heard  every  word  of  it,  knew  liis 
situation  exactly,  but  could  not  move  a  finger,  nor 
an  eyelid,  nor  utter  a  word.  Something  led  to  an 
inspection  of  the  face,  when  a  slight  flush  was  dis- 
covered, and  the  heart  was  found  to  be  beating. 
Tiie  man  was  restored  to  his  family,  and  by  proper 
remedies  speedily  became  well.  But  without  help 
he  would  have  been  buried.  So  the  entire  impeni- 
tent are  dead  in  sin.  "Yiiu  hath  he  quickened 
wlio  were  dead  in  trespasses  and  sins.' — Eph.  ii.  1. 
And  under  the  influence  of  this  moral  death  of 
themselves  they  will  never  go  to  Jesus.  "  No 
man,  "  says  Jesus,  ''can  come  to  me  except  the 
Father  who  hath  sent  me  draw  him."  Original  sin 
has  the  first  hold  of  a  human  heart,  and  it  will  never 
li't  it  go  till  the  all-powerful  liand  of  grace  destroys 
its  dominion. 

Original  sin  has  doomed  the  race  except  where 
the  Spirit  of  Christ  has  given  a  new  heart  and  saving 
faith.  "  By  the  offense  of  one  judgment  came  upon 
all  men  to  condemnation." — Rom.  v.  18.  "  lie  that 
believeth  not  is  condemned  already." — John  iii.  18. 
This  is  the  condition  before  God  of  all  who  have 
kept  away  from  Jesus  over  the  whole  earth ;  they 
aro  in  a  state  of  total  perversion  from  God. 

Osage,  Iowa,  the  county  town  of  Mitchell 
County,  is  widely  known  and  honored  for  its  ad- 
herence to  temperance  principles  and  the  high 
moral  tojie  of  its  people.  The  Baptist  church  was 
organized  in  1862.  It  has  grown  into  an  efficient 
body  of  170  members.  The  Cedar  Valley  Semi- 
nary, one  of  the  Baptist  schools  of  Iowa,  under  the 
care  of  the  Cedar  Valley  Baptist  Association,  is 
located  at  Osage. 

Osborn,  Rev.  John  W.,  of  Scio,  Linn  Co.,  Ore- 
gon, was  burn  Ort.  Is,  1S3S.  Hi.s  father  was  a  labo- 
rious and  successful  preacher,  lie  was  in  his  youth 
wild,  worldly,  and  loved  to  ridicule  religion ;  but 
in  1859,  during  one  of  his  father's  meetings,  he  was 
converted,  and  two  months  later,  while  studying  at 
I'ella  University,  was  baptized  by  Bev.  Elihu  Gunn, 
and  joined  the  Pella  church.  He  was  onlained  at 
Concord,  Iowa,  in  March,  1864,  preached  in  many 
places  for  two  years  in  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and  Colo- 


rado, and  in  1S60  removed  to  Oregon,  and  preached 
in  Polk  County  until  187o,  when  he  removed  to 
the  Forks  of  Santiam.  In  1878,  on  account  of 
sickness  he  removed  to  Eastern  Oregon,  and  spent 
some  time  in  Washington  Territory,  doing  mission- 
ary work  at  Dayton,  Grande  Ronde,  the  Cove,  In- 
dian Creek,  and  other  places.  Returning  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1880,  he  settled  at  Scio,  and  is  pastor  of  the 
Providence  and  Union  churches,  where  he  has  had 
his  greatest  successes.  Brother  Osborn  has  ahvays 
preached  without  a  stated  salary  ;  he  has  done  a  vast 
amount  of  mission  work  in  Central  Oregon  for 
the  Yamhill,  McMinnville,  Union,  Dallas,  Lacrole. 
Providence,  Antioch,  Oak  Creek,  Pilgrim's  Home, 
Pleasant  Valley,  Shiloh,  Scio,  and  other  churches ; 
organized  many  new  churches  :  helped  to  organize 
tlie  General  Baptist  Association  of  Oregon,  in  1868  : 
has  been  active  on  missionai-y  boards,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  earnest,  self-denying,  and  influential 
Baptist  preachers  in  the  Central  Association  of 
Oregon. 

Osborn,  Rev.  Jolin  Wesley,  Sr.,  was  born  of 
Methodist  jiarents,  Aug.  Ul,  1802.  His  parents 
afterwards  became  Baptists,  and  the  father  a  Bap- 
tist minister.  The  son  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  1821,  in  St.  Clair  Co.,  III.  ;  licensed  in  1826,  or- 
dained in  1830.  He  traveled  extensively  in  Cen- 
tral and  Northern  Illinois,  Southern  Wisconsin, 
and  Iowa,  with  little  or  no  salary  ;  organized  many 
permanent  churches,  and  baptized  over  3000  con- 
verts. He  preferred  to  go  where  there  was  no 
preaching,  and  build  up  churches  from  his  own 
labors.  He  was  often  bitterly  opposed  :  sometimes 
his  life  was  threatened  ;  some  of  his  enemies  were 
converted,  and  became  powerful  helpersof  the  truth. 
In  1866  he  removed  to  Oregon  ;  served  the  Union, 
Lacrole,  Antioch,  Dallas,  North  Palestine,  Provi- 
dence, and  Scio  churches.  He  was  doctrinal  in 
preaching,  using  only  brief  notes,  and  swayed  his 
audiences  with  the  eloquence  of  truth.  Died  Oct. 
16,  1875,  and  left  his  youngest  son  in  the  work  of 
the  ministry  ;  one  of  Oregon's  successful  Baptist 
preachers. 

Osborn,  Lncien  M.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Ash- 
tabula, 0.,  in  l82o  :  graduated  at  Madison  Univer- 
sity in  1847;  principal  of  the  grammar-school  of 
Madison  University,  1851-56  ;  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  univer- 
sity, 1856-68.  Since  1868,  Professor  of  Natural 
Sciences  ;  degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  liy  Denison 
University  in  1872;  associated  for  some  time  with 
the  president  of  Madison  University  "  to  take 
charge  of  the  internal  discipline  of  the  university, 
which  delicate  and  difficult  task  was  pierformed 
with  high  credit.''  Dr.  Osborn  has  a  high  stand- 
ing in  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  he  is  among 
the  purest  and  most  useful  men  in  it. 

Osgood,  S.  M.,  D.D.,  died  at  Chicago,  July  9, 


O'/TAWA 


S7ti 


OWEN 


1875.  He  was  horn  at  Ilendersou.  Jefferson  Co., 
N.  Y.,  March  2,  ISOT,  being  the  son  of  Rev.  Emory 
Osgood.  At  the  age  of  nine  years  he  became 
a  Ohristiiin,  und  was  l)aptizod  by  liis  fatlier.  He 
entered  active  life  as  a  printer,  in  Watertown, 
N.  Y..  and  in  tliis  place,  with  the  exception  of  brief 
intervals,  lived  some  ten  years,  at  the  end  of  that 
time  becoming  connected  with  the  office  of  the 
Baptist  liegisler.  in  Utica.  X.  Y.,  uniting  with  tlie 
Broad  Street  Baptist  cliurch  in  that  city.  After 
one  year  in  Utica  he  removed  to  Cortland,  N.  Y., 
and,  in  company  with  Mr.  Rufus  A.  Ueed,  took 
charge  of  the  Cortland  Chronicle.  Returning  to 
Watertown  in  1831,  he  had  for  his  pastor  there 
Rev.  Jacob  Knapp,  and  was  made  a  deacon  in  the 
church.  In  1834  he  wa.*!  appointed  missionary 
printer  at  Maulmain,  Biirniah,  and  on  .Tiily  3  of 
that  year  sailed  from  Boston  in  the  ship  "  Cash- 
mere.'' His  associates  on  the  voyage  were  Jonathan 
Wade,  Grover  S.  Comstock.  William  Dean,  and 
Miss  Ann  Gardner.  There  were,  besides,  three 
missionaries  of  the  American  board. 

Mr.  Osgood  remained  at  Maulmain  until  1846, 
rendering  most  valuable  service.  One  of  his  re- 
ports, covering  a  period  of  two  years,  "  showed 
that  in  that  time  the  seven  iron  hand-presses  of  the 
mission  had  turned  out  nearly  seven  hundred  thou- 
sand copies  of  diiTerent  publications,  including  al- 
most nine  million  pages  of  the  Scriptures  in  the 
New  Testament  and  different  books  of  the  Old." 
Returning  to  this  country  in  1S46,  Mr.  Osgood  was 
appointed  an  agent  of  the  Missionary  Union  for 
Western  New  York  ;  after  seven  years  his  field  was 
changed  to  that  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  his  resi- 
dence being  at  Philadelphia.  In  ISGO  he  was  ap- 
pointed district  secretary  for  the  West,  with  his 
residence  at  Chicago.  This  was  his  work  until  his 
death, — a  period  of  fifteen  most  laborious  and  useful 
years.  He  was  a  man  greatly  beloved  in  .ill  rela- 
tions, a  devout  Christian,  a  judicious  adviser,  en- 
ergetic, indefatigable  in  service,  with  a  singular 
faculty  for  engaging  tlie  confidence  ami  interest  of 
all  whom  he  approached. 

Ottawa  University  was  originated  in  1860, 
under  the  name  of  the  Roger  Williams  University. 
During  the  meeting  of  the  Kansas  Baptist  State 
Convention,  held  in  Atcheson  in  1860.  the  location 
of  the  institution  was  discussed.  Sever.al  places 
desired  to  secure  it.  Rev.  .John  T.  Jones,  a  dele- 
gate from  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Ottawa  (In- 
dian), informed  the  Convention  that  his  people  for 
some  time  had  felt  the  need  of  a  school  of  high 
grade,  and,  as  they  were  all  Baptists,  they  would 
unite  with  their  white  l)rethren  in  their  educational 
efforts.  In  December.  18()0.  the  trustees  of  the 
projected  university  visited  the  Ottawa  nation,  and 
after  a  full  conference  with  these  Indian  Baptists 


they  agreed  to  give  20,000  acres  of  their  land,  then 
worth  something  over  $20,0(X),  to  aid  in  the  new 
educational  enterprise.  This  proposed  contract  be- 
came a  law  in  1S62.  In  186.1  the  name  of  Roger 
Williams  was  dropped,  and  the  institution  incorjio- 
rated  under  the  name  of  the  Ottawa  University. 
The  change  took  place  in  compliance  with  the  ex- 
press wish  of  the  Ottawas,  who  desired  to  perpetu- 
ate their  name.  Owing  to  the  disturbed  state  of 
the  country  the  institution  was  greatly  impeded  in 
its  progress  until  186.5.  The  college  edifice  was 
completed  in  1869,  at  a  cost  of  S40,000, 

It  is  located  near  the  thriving  city  of  Ottawa,  Kan- 
sas, some  fifty-five  miles  southwest  of  Kansas  City, 
It  has  an  endowment  of  640  acres  of  choice  land, 
on  a  part  of  which  the  university  stands.  The 
buildings  are  large  and  substantial  stone  struc- 
tures. There  were  ninety-three  students  in  attend- 
ance last  year,  to  whom  Dr.  P.  J.  Williams,  the 
president,  and  his  able  assistants  giive  thorough 
instruction.  The  institution  needs  an  endowment 
that  would  enable  it  to  increase  the  faculty  and  to 
meet  all  current  expenses  without  annual  appeals 
to  the  churches  and  its  friends.  Dr.  Williams  is 
unusually  well  (jualified,  by  talents,  acquirements, 
facility  for  imparting  instruction,  .and  executive 
ability,  for  the  position  he  occupies.  The  vigorous 
and  expanding  .Baptist  denomination  of  Kansas  is 
in  great  neeil  of  the  university.  The  friends  of 
truth  could  not  make  a  better  investment  than  to 
place  a  generous  endowment  at  the  service  of  Ot- 
tawa University. 

Ottumwa,  Iowa  (pop.  9018),  county-seat  of 
Wapello  ('i)iinty.  has  two  Baptist  churches.  The 
First  was  constituted  in  185.5.  and  has  a  present 
membership  of  139.  The  Second  was  constituted 
in  1869,  and  is  still  a  small  company.  There  is 
also  a  colored  Baptist  church  of  twenty-one  mem- 
bers. 

Overby,  Rev.  R.  R.,  was  bom  in  Dinwiddle  Co., 
Va.,  Oct.  12.  1N27  :  was  a  licensed  preacher  in  the 
Methodist  Church  ;  he  was  baptized  in  Petersburg, 
Va.,  in  July.  18.50;  spent  two  years  at  Richmond 
College,  and  served  as  pastor  of  two  colored 
churches  in  Petersburg  while  at  college;  served 
as  agent  of  Murfreesborough  Female  Institute  in 
18.58:  settled  as  pastor  in  Elizabeth  City  in  1859, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  a  year  spent  as  agent  of 
Wake  Forest  College,  has  lived  and  labored  for 
twenty-one  years  in  the  section  where  he  now  re- 
sides. A  man  of  power  with  the  people,  and  pos- 
sessing many  noble  qualities. 

Owen,  Alfred,  D.D.,  was  bnm  in  Chiva.  Me.. 
.July  20,  lN2y.  where  he  spent  his  boyhood  and  re- 
ceived his  academical  education  ;  graduated  from 
Waterville  College  after  a  four  years'  course  of 
study,  in  1853  ;  taught  an  academy  two  years  at 
Bridgeton,  Me.,  and  in  1855  entered  Newton  Theo- 


OWEN 


877 


OWENS 


logical  Seminary  ;  supplied  the  Higli  Street  cliurch, 
of  Lynn,  Mass.,  during  a  large  part  of  his  semi- 
nary course,  and  became  pastor  of  this  church  on 
his  graduation,  in  18.58.     In  18(i7  he  left  Lynn  and 


Al.FKEU    OHEN,    n.l). 

became  pastor  of  the  Lafayette  Avenue  church, 
Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  remained  until  July,  1877. 
Tlie  following  two  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Uni- 
versity Place  church,  Chicago.  111.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  president  of  Denison  University,  0.,  which 
position  he  still  holds. 

Dr.  Owen  has  written  much  for  the  papers,  and 
has  given  courses  of  lectures  in  Ministers'  Insti- 
tutes, as  well  as  before  tlie  students  of  Chicago  and 
Xewton  Theological  Seminaries.  lie  has  had  large 
experience  in  educational  work,  is  a  scholarly 
writer  and  preacher,  and  gives  great  satisfaction 
as  a  college  president.     Kalamazoo  College  con- 


ferred the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  upon  him  in 
1871. 

Owen,  Rev,  Ezra  D,,  was  born  near  Xorristown, 
Pa.,  in  ISUy.  His  parents  came  to  Scipio,  N.  Y., 
in  1810.  He  was  converted  and  joined  the  Baptist 
church  of  Venice  in  1826.  He  studied  in  the 
common  schools  and  under  Dr.  Smith,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Branchport  in  18.30.  lie  was  pastor  at 
Branehport  five  years.  In  W'th  he  and  his  wife 
came  by  carriage  to  Springfield,  0.,  where  he  served 
as  pastor  one  year.  He  came  next  to  Cincinnati, 
and  soon  had  an  appointment  from  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  go  to  Richmond, 
Ind.  He  labored  there  two  years,  and  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Madison.  lie 
served  this  church  as  pastor  ten  or  twelve  years,  in 
the  mean  time  undertaking  the  issuing  of  an  Indi- 
ana Baptist  newspaper, — the  American  Messenger. 
After  publishing  it  at  Madison  for  about  three 
years,  he  removed  it  to  Indianapolis  in  the  fall  of 
1846.  During  the  time  of  his  editorship  at  Indian- 
apolis he  was  also  under  appointment  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and 
founded  the  Baptist  church  at  Evansville.  The 
American  Messenger  was  sold  to  the  Cross  and 
Journal,  of  Ohio,  and  thenceforth  the  name  was 
the  Journal  and  Messenger.  He  then  was  called  by 
the  Laf[iyette  church,  which  be  served  three  years, 
after  which  he  was  invited  back  to  Madison,  which 
he  served  till  his  death,  Sept.  26,  18,52. 

Owens,  Deacon  Benjamin  W,,  was  born  in 
South  Carolina  in  IMS,  lived  in  Alabama  and  Ar- 
kansas, where  he  was  baptized  in  183."),  and  settled 
at  Stockton,  Cal.,  in  IS.iO.  He  helped  to  organize 
the  first  Baptist  church  in  that  city,  bought  a 
house  for  its  worship,  helped  to  build  another, 
and  paid  several  thousand  dollars  for  erecting  an- 
other. In  1868  he  settled  in  San  Francisco,  and 
was  a  deacon  of  the  Tabernacle  and  Columbia 
Square  churches  many  ye.ars.  He  is  a  generous 
layman,  active  on  mission  and  educational  boards, 
and  never  more  happy  than  when  engaged  with 
others  in  revivals. 


PAGE 


878 


PAINE 


Page,  Rev.  J. — Few  ministei-s  in  Florida  liave 
been  more  useful  tlian  Rev.  .James  Paj^e,  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  (colored)  church  at  Tallahassee.  For 
about  forty  years  he  has  labored  in  the  city  and 
vicinity,  and  whether  as  a  slave  or  freedman,  has 
commandod  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  classes. 
Nor  is  his  influence  confined  to  his  immediate  sec- 
tion, it  is  felt  for  good  among  the  colored  Baptists 
nearly  all  over  the  State.  He  visited  Thomasville, 
Ga.,  in  1860,  and,  by  invitation,  preached  accept- 
ably to  the  white  congregation.  Mr.  Page  is  a 
man  of  good  sense  jind  observation  ;  he  is  an  earn- 
est student  of  the  Bible,  and  he  has  long  been 
an  acceptable  preacher  of  the  gospel.  He  is  a  man 
of  large  frame,  robust  constitution,  and  though 
now  quite  an  old  man,  is  the  unaided  pastor  of  a 
church  numbering  some  1200  members. 

He  has  been  for  several  years  the  clerk  of  the 
Bethlehem  Association,  a  very  large  body,  and  the 
first  organized  by  the  colored  Baptists  of  the  State. 
He  is  a  progressive  man,  the  friend  of  education, 
and  has  earnestly  favored  the  effort  to  build  up  a 
school  for  the  special  benefit  of  the  ministry  of  his 
race. 

Page,  Lady  Mary,  the  wife  of  .Sir  (Jregory 
Page,  was  brought  to  the  .Saviour  in  early  life. 
She  examined  the  baptismal  question,  and  the 
grounds  for  dissenting  from  the  Episcopal  Church, 
for  five  years,  and,  having  decided  that  she  could 
not  make  any  improvement  upon  the  Saviour's  ex- 
ample, she  was  immersed  by  Mr.  Maisters,  in  the 
presence  of  more  than  two  hundred  spectators. 
Further  reading,  especially  during  a  (irotracted 
sickness,  but  confirmed  her  in  her  religious  prin- 
ciples and  in  her  attachment  to  her  church  home. 
Says  one  who  knew  her,  "  Her  constant  regard  for 
the  church,  her  tender  concern  for  pastor  and 
people,  her  uncommon  benefaction  upon  their  re- 
moval hither,  deserve  a  particular  acknowleilgment, 
as  does  also  her  further  bounty  given  in  her  last 
will  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  members.  She  dis- 
tributed vast  sums  of  money  in  so  silent  a  way  that 
'  her  left  hand  knew  not  what  her  right  hand  did.'  '' 
She  endured  severe  .afflictions  with  heaven-given 
patience.  .She  enjojed  a  clear  hope  through  the 
blood  of  the  Lamb,  and  without  a  struggle  she  fell 
asleep  in  .lesus,  March  4,  1728.  She  was  buried  in 
Bunhill-fields,  in  London,  in  which  city  she  died. 
She  was  a  great  ornament  to  her  holy  profession  : 
she  lived  in  the  hearts  of  the  members  of  her  church, 


anil  in  a  multitude  of  other  hearts.  Mr.  lliebard- 
son,  her  pastor,  pre.ached  a  funeral  sermon  for  her. 
Mr.  Harrison,  a  neighboring  Baptist  minister, 
preached  another  funeral  sermon  to  commemorate 
God's  grace  in  her  holy  life  and  death.  And  he 
delivered  a  funeral  oration  when  she  was  interred; 
he  also  composed  an  ode  in  honor  of  the  deceased, 
in  which  he  says, — 

**  At  length  the  heroine's  crowned.     Her  numerous  foes, 
With  whom  she  long  conllictpd,  tire  mibduod  ; 
Uuder  her  fei-t  tliey'ri-  laid,  wliile  she,  in  strains 
Angelic,  sings  the  pniisei  of  tlie  Lord." 

Page,  Stephen  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Fayette, 
Me.,  Oct.  10,  ISOS  ;  spent  his  early  life  in  the  family 
of  Rev.  .Justin  Edwards,  D.D. ;  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Hartford,  Conn.,  being  the  first  person  baptized 
by  Barnas  Sears,  D.D.,  then  just  ordained  ;  pur- 
sued his  preparatory  studies  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.. 
and  graduated  at  Waterville,  Me.,  in  l<S3f).  After 
spending  one  year  in  teaching,  entered  Newton 
Theological  Seminary,  which  he  left  in  1839.  In 
September,  1839,  became  pastor  at  Masillon,  0., 
and  in  1844  at  Wooster,  0.,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  In  18.50  took  charge  of  the  Norwalk, 
O.,  Baptist  church,  and  in  18')4  of  the  Third 
church,  in  Cleveland,  where  he  continued  with 
much  success  until  1861,  when  he  assumed  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Second  (now  Euclid  Avenue) 
church  of  Cleveland.  This  church  at  the  time  of 
his  settlement  was  heavily  in  del)t  and  apparently 
near  e.\tinction,  but  under  his  well-directed  labors 
grew  largely  in  numbers  and  strength.  In  1 806 
he  resigned  this  pastorate,  and  engaged  in  a  suc- 
cessful effort  to  complete  an  endowment  of  $100,000 
for  Denison  University.  Shortly  after  this  he  was 
appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  district  secretary  for  Ohio  and  West  Vir- 
ginia, this  latter  State  being  subsequently,  how- 
ever, given  to  another,  and  Indiana  .and  Michigan 
added  to  his  field.  In  this  work  he  continued  nearly 
twelve  years,  during  which  time  he  collected  over 
SIOO.OOO  fur  home  mission  work. 

Feb.  1,  1880,  Dr.  Page  resigned  his  secret.aryship. 
He  continues  to  reside  in  Clevelaml,  being  with  one 
exception  the  oldest  resident  minister  in  the  city. 

Paine,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Pomfi-et,  Conn., 
in  17'.'3;  baptized  in  1813,  by  Rev.  Amos  Wells ; 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Hampton,  Conn. ; 
ordained  and  settled  pastor  of  the  same  church  in 


PAINTER 


879 


PALMER 


18iy,  and  remained  eight  years;  in  1827  removed 
to  Auburn,  Mass.,  then  to  Ward,  Mass.,  where  he 
hihored  ten  years ;  subsequent  pastorates  were  in 
Bo/.rah,  Conn.,  four  years;  in  South  Woodstock, 
eleven  years;  in  Packersvillc,  Conn.,  five  years; 
alwiiys  a  close  student,  clear  thinker,  instructive 
preacher,  judicious  pastor;  removed  to  Preston, 
Conn.,  in  1863,  where  he  died  April  29,  1864,  aged 
seventy-one  years.  His  daunhter  Mary  married 
Iiov.  0.  W.  (iates,  now  of  California. 

Painter,  Mr.,  and  the  Persecuting  Laws  of 
Massachusetts. — In  1644  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts  decided  "  That  if  any  person  or 
persons  within  this  jurisdiction  shall  e.i\\\c.T  iijmdij 
condemn  tir  njipose  fhe  haptizimj  (if  infants,  or  go 
about  xeiTelli/  to  seduce  others  from  the  a/iproliation 
or  use  thereof,  or  shall  jnirposeUj  depart  the  congre- 
gation  at  the  ministration  of  the  ordinance,  or  shall 
deny  the  ordinance  of  magistracy,  or  their  lawful 
right  and  authority  to  make  war,  or  to  punish  the 
outward  lireaehes  of  the  first  table  (of  the  ten  com- 
mandments), and  shall  appear  to  the  court  wilfully 
and  obstinately  to  continue  therein  after  due  time 
and  means  of  conviction,  every  such  person  or 
persons  shall  he  sentenced  to  banishment."  Mr. 
Backus,  speaking  of  this  wicked  law  enacted  by 
our  ("ongregational  brethren,  says,  "  I  have  dili- 
gently searched  all  the  books,  records,  and  papers 
1  could  come  at  upon  all  sides,  and  have  found  a 
great  numher  of  instances  of  Baptists  suffering  for 
the  al)ove  points  that  we  own."  Baptists  "  refused 
to  countenance  infant  baptism  and  the  use  of  secu- 
lar force  in  religious  affairs,"  and  Backus  found 
many  cases  of  persons  persecuted  by  law  for  op- 
posing infant  baptism  in  the  methods  specified. 
Painter,  in  1644,  "  a  poor  man,  was  suddenly 
turned  Anabaptist,  and  having  a  cliild  born,  would 
not  suffer  his  wife  to  carry  it  to  be  baptized.  lie 
was  complained  of  for  this  to  the  court,  and  en- 
joined liy  them  to  suffer  his  child  to  be  bajitized. 
And  because  he  refused  to  obey  them  therein,  and 
told  them  it  was  an  antichristian  ordinance,  they 
tied  him  up  and  whipped  him,  which  he  bore  with- 
out flinching,  and  declared  he  had  divine  help  to 
support  him.  '  Gov.  Winthrop  says  that  "he  be- 
longed to  Ilingham,  and  that  he  was  whipped  for 
denying  the  Lord's  ordinance."  (History  of  the 
I'.aptists  in  New  England,  by  Isaac  Backus,  i. 
127-8.  Newton.)  This  stinging  argument  brought 
no  conviction  to  the  mind  of  Mr.  Painter,  and  it 
only  showed  the  dearth  of  Scriptural  reasons  for 
the  infant  rite,  and  the  lack  of  justice  and  common 
sense  in  those  who  tried  to  secure  (lersuasion  with 
the  lash.  More  than  a  hundred  years  earlier  the 
same  kind  of  argument  was  freely  used  in  Switzer- 
land, and  in  our  own  times  force  has  l)rought  the 
Baptist  infant  to  the  font  in  Germany.  But  tliis 
old   argument  of  the   highwavman  will   gradually 


fall  into  disuse  as  men  see  its  worthlessness  and  its 
thorough  wickedness. 

Palen,  Rev.  Vincent,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1810, 
in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  of  Methodist  parents.  He 
experienced  religion  in  1828,  although  he  did  not 
then  make  a  public  profession.  In  1K33  he  became 
a  full  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
and  a  preacher.  After  filling  acircuitappointment 
lie  held  a  protracted  meeting  at  McAllister's  church, 
near  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  at  which  120  persons  pro- 
fessed conversion.  From  these  converts  a  church 
was  organized,  of  which  he  was  chosen  pastor. 
Some  of  the  candidates  for  membership  refusing  to 
accept  sprinkling  as  baptism,  he  was  led  carefully 
to  investigate  the  subject  of  baptism,  and  became 
convinced  that  immersion  is  the  only  Scriptural 
mode.  He  was  baptized  in  the  Susijuebanna  River 
at  Harrisburg,  by  Rev.  E.  Thomas,  a  Winebrenna- 
rian  minister,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
that  body.  After  a  pastorate  here  of  sixteen 
months  (during  which  a  meeting-house  was  built), 
followed  by  a  brief  engagement  at  Baltimore,  he 
united,  in  184?),  with  the  High  Street  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  May  25,  184.5,  after  which  lie  was  or- 
dained. Rev.  S.  P.  Hill,  D.D.,  preaching  the  ser- 
mon. From  this  time  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  his  time  was  divided  among  evangelistic,  mis- 
sionary, and  pastoral  labors.  The  beginning  of 
the  war  found  him  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  from  which 
he  was  sent  to  Richmond,  and  imprisoned  as  an 
"  alien  enemy."  He  was,  however,  soon  released, 
and  on  reaching  Washington  was  appointed  a  hos- 
pital chaplain.  He  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
office  with  efficiency  and  unflagging  zeal.  In  this 
and  other  ways  he  rendered  very  important  service 
to  the  government  during  tlie  great  struggle.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was,  with  one  exception, 
the  last  hospital  chaplain  mustered  out  of  the  ser- 
vice, and  he  was  then  transferred  to  the  regular 
army  as  post  chaplain.  In  December,  1869,  in  con- 
seciuence  of  chronic  ill  health,  he  was  at  his  own 
request  retired  from  active  service.  He  has  since 
resided  in  Camden,  N.  J.  As  his  health  permits 
he  continues  to  fill  up  the  measure  of  his  useful- 
ness by  preaching  and  other  Christian  ministries. 

Palmer,  Albert  Gallatin,  D.D.,  son  of  Luther 
and  Sarah  (Keiiyoii)  Palmer,  was  born  in  North 
Stonington,  Conn.,  May  II,  1813;  experienced  re- 
ligion at  nine  years  of  age ;  baptized  by  Rev.  Jon- 
athan Miner,  in  1829;  joined  First  Baptist  church 
in  North  Stonington ;  began  early  to  preach,  and 
supplied  for  a  year  the  church  in  Andover,  Conn. ; 
pursued  academical  stiulies  at  Kingston  and  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I.,  and  Andover.  Mass.  ;  preached  for 
First  Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington,  by 
whicli  body  he  was  ordained  in  1834;  was  pastor 
of  First  Baptist  church  in  Westerly,  R.  I.,  from 
1837  to  1843,  and  blessed  in  his  work  ;  pastor  of 


I'ALMKU 


880 


PALM  Ell 


Stonington  Borough  churcli,  Conn.,  from  1843  to 
1852,  and  prospered;  enjoyed  three  revivals  of 
power;  pastor  of  the  chureli  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
for  three  years  ;  pastor  at  Biidjjoport,  Conn. ;  pastor 
for  three  years  at  Wal<eHeld,  K.  1.,  and  shared  large 
revivals:  in  1861,  by  urgent  solicitation,  returned 
to  Stonington  Borough  ;  rich  and  constant  blessings 
followed  :  he  is  here  now  lal)oring  with  great  honor, 
having  served  at  this  post  twenty-seven  years;  re- 
ceived from  Madison  University  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  ;  in  1844  published  a 
small  volume,  "  The  Early  Baptists  of  Connecti- 
cut;"  in  18V2,  a  "  Historical  Discourse"  (Centen- 
nial), given  before  the  Stonington  Union  Associa- 
tion ;  above  one  hundred  sermons  and  sketches  in 
the  Christian  Secrelari/,  of  Hartford,  various  mis- 
sionary papers  of  worth,  numerous  poems  and  son- 
nets, and  a  superior  translation  of  "  Dies  Ir!E ;''  is  a 
preacher  of  remarkable  gravity,  unction,  and  earn- 
estness ;  possesses  marked  talents,  guided  by  strong 
faith  ;  for  years  was  president  of  the  Connecticut 
Baptist  State  Convention  :  always  a  strong  .advo- 


ALBERT  GALLATIX  PALMER.  D.D. 

cate   of  education,   temperance,   and   missions ;    a 
leader  among  Connecticut  Baptists. 

Palmer,  Ethan  B.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Auster- 
litz,  N.  Y.,  March  12,  1836  :  baptized  at  East  Hills- 
dale in  1852 ;  graduated  from  Madison  University 
in  1860,  and  from  the  seminary  in  186.3  ;  was  or- 
dained in  the  city  of  New  York,  Jan.  6,  1864; 
labored  in  Newbern,  N.  C,  and  at  other  places. 
In  March,  1872,  he  began  his  pastorate  of  the  First 
church,  Bridgeton,   N.   J.,   where    he    continues. 


Nearly  200  have  been  baptized  since  his  labors 
in  Bridgeton  began,  the  membership  has  almost 
doubled,  and  the  work  of  the  church  h.as  been  very 
much   enlarged.      In    connection   with    the    South 


ETIIAX    B.   PALMER,   D.D. 

Jersey  Institute,  Mr.  Palmer  has  found  a  large  field 
for  his  labors,  and  his  counsels  on  the  denomina- 
tional boards  are  very  serviceable. 

Palmer,  Henry,  Iff .D.,  an  eminent  and  widely- 
known  physician  and  surgeoi\  of  Janesville,  Wis., 
was  born  in  Xcw  Hartford,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
30.  1827.  He  is  a  son  of  Deacon  Kphraim  Palmer, 
:i  well-known  Baptist  of  Edgerton,  Wis.  His  father 
was  a  farmer,  and  Henry  assisted  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  farm  until  he  w.as  nineteen  years  of 
age.  During  the  winter  he  attended  the  district 
schools  of  his  neighborhood.  He  subsequently 
completed  a  full  cour.se  of  studies  at  the  Academy 
of  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  From  his  early  boyhood  he 
earnestly  desired  to  prepare  himself  for  the  medi- 
cal profession.  Owing,  however,  to  his  want  of 
pecuniary  resources  he  was  obliged  to  delay  his 
cherisheil  plan,  and  several  years  were  devoted  to 
other  pursuits,  chiefly  teaching  school.  In  1851 
he  entered  the  office  of  Drs.  March  and  Armsby,  at 
Albany,  N.  Y..  both  of  whom  were  distinguished 
physicians  and  professors  in  the  Albany  Medical 
College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1854.  In  1857 
he  established  himself  in  Janesville.  AV^is.,  where  he 
has  built  up  a  very  extensive  local  practice,  and  in 
surgery  his  field  covfers  the  State  at  large.  Since 
the  death  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Wolcott,  of  Milwaukee,  he 
ranks  as  the  le.ading  surgeon  in  Wisconsin. 


PALMKR 


881 


I'ALMER 


On  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  in  1S61,  Dr. 
Palmer  offered  his  services  to  the  State,  and  was 
commissioned  surgeon  of  the  7th  Wis.  Keginicnt. 
Subsequently  he  was  appointed  director  of  the 
liospital  service  in  Baltimore.  He  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  the  same  service  in  York,  Pa.  At 
this  post  he  remained  two  years.  When  Gen. 
Lee's  army  commenced  the  invasion  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, York  fell  into  their  hands,  and  he  was  taken 
prisoner,  but  escaped  during  the  progress  of  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  and  immediately  took  posses- 
sion of  his  hospital,  filling  it  with  the  wounded  from 
the  battle-field.  In  March,  1864,  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  as  medical  inspector  of  the  8th  Corps  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomiic.  lie  continued  in  thi.s  posi- 
tion until  the  end  of  the  war,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  Chicago  to  close  up  the  medical  department  of 
the  Western  district.  This  service  performed,  he 
returned  again  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Janesville,  Wis.,  having  won  honorable  distinction 
in  the  army,  and  the  highest  place  in  his  profession. 

For  many  j^ears  Dr.  Palmer  has  been  a  Baptist. 
The  numerous  demands  made  upon  his  time  by 
his  professional  engagements  prevent  liis  shar- 
ing largely  in  the  active  work  of  the  church  of 
which  lie  is  a  member.  lie  is  a  man  of  exemplary 
life,  thorough  conscientiousness,  and  earnestness  in 
his  profession.  Twice  his  fellow-townsmen  have 
elected  liim  mayor  of  the  city.  During  the  late 
war  between  Turkey  and  Russia,  Dr.  Palmer  went 
to  Europe  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  the  hospitals 
of  the  contending  armies,  to  acquaint  himself  with 
the  latest  results  of  the  science  of  surgery  attained 
by  the  profession  in  those  countries.  He  was 
freely  passed  through  the  lines,  and  allowed  every 
facility  for  accomplishing  his  object. 

Dr.  Palmer  has  won  an  envialile  position,  but  at 
fifty  years  of  age,  in  fine  physical  health,  with  un- 
impaired mental  powers,  he  may  be  said  to  have 
but  entered  upon  his  professional  career.  His  past 
splendid  success  justifies  the  hope  of  his  friends 
that  his  future  will  be  brilliant,  and  of  still  larger 
usefulnes.s  to  his  fellow-men. 

Palmer,  Rev.  Lyman,  was  born  in  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  I'.l,  fSl<S;  his  parents  were  both 
Baptists,  and  their  home  was  a  place  of  hearty 
welcome  for  ministerial  brethren  at  all  times.  In 
his  early  years  he  listened  to  many  theological 
iliscussions  in  the  quiet  old  farm-house  of  liis 
|iarents.  After  repeated  struggles  with  his  con- 
vcience,  aroused  by  the  truth  and  the  Holy  Spirit, 
he  became  a  subject  of  redeeming  grjice  at  the  age 
of  nineteen.  He  at  once  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  East  Hillsdale,  Cohimtiia  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Soon  after  making  a  profession  of  religion,  he  had 
deep  convictions  of  duty  in  reference  to  prc.iching 
the  gospel.  The  salvation  of  his  soul  was  so 
precious  an  event  that  he   felt  he  owed  his  best 


services  to  the  Saviour,  who  had  redeemed  him. 
A  sense  of  unfitness  and  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
work  at  first  appeared  an  impassable  barrier. 
Through  increasing  light  he  was  brought  to  say 


REV.    l.VMAN"     I'Al.MER. 

from  the  heart,  "'  Yes,  Lord,  1  will  do  anything 
tlidu  requirest.''  After  a  few  months  he  received 
a  license  from  the  church  and  a  call  to  supply  their 
pulpit. 

He  entered  Madison  University  in  the  autumn 
of  1843.  He  had  previously  attended  an  academy, 
where  he  had  made  some  proficiency  in  Latin  and 
Greek.  After  one  year  of  close  application  to  study 
his  health  became  so  precarious  that  he  left  the 
university,  and  read  Greek  and  Hebrew  with  a  pri- 
vate teacher,  and  at  the  same  time  studied  theology 
with  his  pastor.  On  Lord's  day  he  supplied  desti- 
tute churches.  In  February,  1845,  he  was  ordained, 
that  ho  might  go  to  Iowa  as  a  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  Before 
he  was  ready  to  journey  West  he  was  jirostrated  by 
fever,  and  thus  prevented  from  entering  his  chosen 
field.  With  returning  health  he  entered  upon 
missionary  work  in  Columl)ia  Co.,  N.  Y.  Here  the 
work  of  the  Lord  prospered  in  his  hands,  blessed 
results  crowning  his  labors.  He  organized  a 
church,  nearly  all  of  whom  were  converted  and 
baptized  under  his  ministry.  In  IS,')!  he  received 
an  appointment  frnni  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  to  labor  in  the  Territory  of  Minne- 
sota. In  November.  1851,  he  started  for  the  falls 
of  St.  Anthony,  but  having  to  cross  the  State  of 
Illinois  with  a  waijon,  he  did  not  reach  the  Missis- 


■  PALMER 


882 


PAliKEB 


sippi  at  Galena  until  aftei'  tlie  last  boat  of  the  season 
had  gone  up  the  river.  He  remained  in  Galena 
during  the  winter  and  supplied  the  Baptist  pulpit. 
His  first  sermon  in  St.  Anthony  was  preached  on 
Lord's  day,  April  24,  1852.  The  church  was  small, 
,  and  in  debt  for  their  unfinished  chapel.  After  three 
years'  hard  labor  the  church  increased  to  a  mem- 
bership of  67.  He  then  went  up  the  river  fifteen 
miles,  to  the  town  of  Anoka.  Here  he  ])reached 
in  private  houses,  or  in  school-houses,  or  on  board 
of  steamboats,  as  opportunity  presented.  After 
three  years'  untiring  labor  a  good  meeting-house 
was  dedicated,  and,  by  the  generosity  of  friends, 
was  soon  free  from  debt.  He  served  the  Anoka 
church  eight  years,  leaving  tliem  with  a  good  work- 
ing membership  of  50.  A  part  of  the  time  during 
the  war,  teachers  being  very  scarce,  be  engaged  in 
teaching.  In  August,  1864,  he  commenced  labor 
as  colporteur  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society.  With  the  exception  of  about  one  year,  he 
labored  either  as  colporteur  or  Sunday-school  mis- 
sionary until  1875.  While  in  the  employment  of 
the  society  he  traveled  36,700  miles,  distributed  by 
sale  and  donation  12,700  books,  423,000  pages  of 
tracts,  besides  selling  and  giving  away  many  Bibles 
and  Testaments.  These  were  years  of  severe  ser- 
vice, traveling  in  all  weathers,  by  night  and  by 
day,  summer  and  winter,  lodging  in  all  manner  of 
places,  yet  they  were  happy  years,  for  much  good 
was  accomplished  in  them.  Many  Christians  were 
strengthened,  the  weary  and  heavy-laden  were 
pointed  to  Christ,  and  Sunday-schools  and  chui-ches 
were  organized  for  the  Master. 

Palmer,  N.  J.,  Esq.— Among  the  departed 
worthies  of  our  Zion  this  earnest  man  deserves 
honorable  mention.  He  was  a  lawyer,  an  editor, 
and  sometimes  preached.  For  many  years  he  was 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  North 
Carolina,  and  a  trustee  of  AVake  Forest  College. 
Ho  was  a  devoted  Christian,  and  died  where  he  had 
lived  for  many  years,  in  Milton,  in  185.'). 

Palmer,  Rev.  Wait,  the  first  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  was 
ordained  in  1743,  at  the  same  time  that  the  church 
was  org.inized  ;  remained  pastor  twenty-two  years  ; 
preached  often  in  destitute  regions  ;  baptized  Rev. 
Simeon  Brown  and  Rev.  Shnbal  Stearns  ;  was  an 
actor  in  the  great  "  New  Light,''  or  Separatist 
movement ;  also  an  active  patriot  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, soon  after  which  he  died.  The  Baptist  min- 
istry in  Connecticut  has  been  honored  by  the 
Palmers:  Christopher  Palmer,  orilained  in  1782; 
Abel  Palmer,  in  1785;  Reuben  Palmer,  in  1785; 
Gresbam  Palmer,  in  1805  ;  Phineas  Palmer,  in  180S. 

Palmer,  Rev.  William,  son  of  Rev.  Abel  and 
Lois  Palmer,  was  born  in  Colchester,  Conn.,  Sept. 
10,  1785  :  was  a  student  from  boyhood  ;  was  con- 
verted  and   baptized  at   the   age  of  eighteen  :  re- 


ceived a  license  and  commenced  preaching  at  the 
age  of  twenty  :  in  1807  was  married  to  Sarah  Ben- 
nett, sister  of  Revs.  Alfred  and  Alvin  Bennett:  in 
ISOO  was  ordained  at  Colchester,  sermon  preached 
by  Rev.  Samuel  Bliss,  of  Stafford  ;  settled  in  Ash- 
ford,  Conn.,  and  labored  three  years ;  settled  in 
his  native  town  and  preached  ten  years;  from  18'24 
to  1834  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Nornich,  Conn.,  succeeding  Rev.  .John  Sterry ; 
blessed  with  remarkable  revivals  in  lN29;ind  1832, 
in  which  he  baptized  more  than  a  hundred  ;  three 
years  with  the  church  in  East  Lyme,  Conn.;  four 
years  with  the  church  in  North  Lyme;  revivals 
attended  his  labors  ;  again  filled  the  pastoral  office 
in  Norwich  from  1841  to  1845,  when  impaired 
health  com]ielled  his  retirement  from  the  pulgiit 
except  occasionally.  He  was  lovely  and  loved, 
meek,  quiet,  fervent,  and  faithful.  Passionately 
fond  of  study,  he  held  a  high  rank  as  a  preacher. 
For  twi^niy-five  years  he  was  the  clerk  of  the  New 
London  Baptist  Association.  He  died  in  Norwich, 
Dec.  25,  1853,  at  the  age  of  si.xty-eight.  and  after 
a  ministry  of  forty-eight  years,  and  was  buried  in 
Yantic  cemetery. 

Parker,  Rev.  Carleton,  was  bom  in  Hopkinton, 

Mass.,  Nov.  3(1,  ISOd,  and  was  fitted  for  college  at 
South  Iteadingand  Amherst  Academies.  He  grad- 
uated at  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University, 
in  the  class  of  1834.  He  intended  to  have  entered 
the  ministry  on  graduating,  but  the  state  of  his 
health  forbade  him,  and  he  devoted  himself  to 
teaching  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Four  years  he 
w.as  the  principal  of  the  A'ermont  Literary  and 
Scientific  Institution  at  Brandon.  From  1S41  to 
1844  he  had  charge  of  Groton  Academy,  in  the 
State  of  New  York.  For  three  years  he  had  a 
"  Home  School  for  Boys''  in  Framingham,  Mass. 
Feeling  that  the  state  of  his  health  now  warranted 
his  entering  the  ministry,  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Wayne,  Me.,  in  M.iy, 
1852.  He  belli  this  relation  until  September,  I85ri, 
then  went  to  Hebron,  Me.,  where  he  wiis  the  pastor 
for  seven  years.  His  other  pastorates  were  in 
Maine,  at  Canton,  Norridgewock,  and  North  Liver- 
more,  where  he  died,  Aug.  22,  1874.  By  his  will 
be  bequeathed  several  thousand  dollars  to  four  of 
the  benevolent  societies  of  the  denomination  which 
he  had  served  sii  long  and  so  well. 

Parker,  Hon.  D.  McNeil,  M.D.,  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church,  Granville  Street,  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  was  born  in  1822,  at  Windsor.  Nova  Scotia  ; 
graduated  M.I>.  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1S45;  returned  immediately  to  Nova 
Scotia,  and  luis  ever  since  been  practising  his  pro- 
fession in  Halifax  with  high  reputation  for  skill; 
is  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  a  governor 
of  Acadia  College,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  all 
denominational  objects. 


I'AUKER 


883 


I'AUKKHIUM 


Parker,  H.  I.,  D.D.,  was  born  of  pious  parents 

iit  Cavendish,  Vt.,  Nov.  1:2,  1SI2.  At  the  age  of 
eij;liteeii  lie  was  converted,  and  four  years  later 
was  baptized  by  Kev.  Josepli  Freeman,  D.D.  After 
two  years'  study  at  the  Norwich  and  the  Biaclc 
Kiver  Academies,  and  one  year  at  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, he  spent  two  years  as  instructor  at  "  The  Old 
Cambridge  Latin  Scliooi,'  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1S40,  and  studied  tlieology  at  New- 
ton, lie  was  ordained  at  Factory  Point,  Vt.,  in 
.January,  1S42,  and  was  pastor  at  Burlington,  Vt., 
from  1844  to  1S54,  when  he  removed  to  Wisconsin 
to  aid  in  establishing  the  Baptist  Institution  at 
Beaver  Dam,  and  was  pastor  tliore  from  1856  to 
ISIil,  wlieii.  on  account  of  ill  health,  he  removed  to 
Austin,  Minn.  Here  he  preached  at  six  different 
stations,  whore  as  many  churches  were  afterwards 
organized.  In  1872  he  settled  in  California,  and 
has  ministered  to  the  churches  at  Visalia,  Santa 
Barbara,  an<l  Santa  Anna.  During  the  thirty-eight 
years  of  his  ministry  he  has  enjoyed  many  revi- 
vals, laid  the  spiritual  foundations  of  many  new 
churches,  built  four  church  edifices,  helped  to  en- 
dow and  manage  two  institutiims  of  learning,  and 
was  for  eight  years  a  member  of  the  Minnesota 
State  Normal  Board.  In  May,  1880,  California 
College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D. 

Parker,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  1S12,  in  Ayles- 
ford,  Nova  Scotia:  converted  and  baptized  in  1828; 
he  was  ordained  May  19,  1842,  and  became  in  1843 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Brookfield,  Queen's 
Co.,  Nova  Scotia;  of  the  Third  Cornwallis  church 
in  18.5.5;  of  the  Third  Ilorton  church  in  1870;  of 
the  Kentville  church  in  1874:  died  .June  26,  1876. 
His  was  a  useful  life  and  ministry. 

Parker,  J.  W.,  D.D.,  was  ordained  and  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  in  18.36,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  re- 
lation with  success  during  twenty  years.  At  the 
close  of  that  long  p.astorate  he  became  secretary  of 
the  Northern  Baptist  Education  Society,  which  po- 
sition he  held  about  ten  years,  five  of  which  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Shawmut  Avenue  Baptist  church,  in 
Boston.  In  .January,  186.5,  he  resigned  the  pastor- 
ate of  this  church,  and  entered  upon  the  work  of 
establishing  schools  for  training  colored  men  as 
preachers,  and  young  men  and  women  as  teachers, 
among  the  freedmen  of  the  Southern  States.  In 
this  labor  Dr.  Parker  continued  about  five  years, 
visiting  all  the  Atlantic  States  many  times,  intro- 
ducing teachers  into  destitute  fields,  and  organizing 
schools  in  many  towns  and  cities.  While  thus  oc- 
cupied his  health  failed,  owing  to  overwork,  hard- 
ships, and  exposures.  Settling  down  for  a  while 
on  a  small  farm  in  Maryland,  lie  engaged  in  con- 
stant out-door  work,  and  soon  regained  his  usual 
health.  He  was  then  invited  to  accept  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  in  Washington, 


D.  C,  which  he  did,  occupying  the  pulpit  for  about 
six  years  with  marked  success.  At  the  close  of  this 
period,  feeling  the  need  of  rest  and  change  of  cli- 
mate, he  visited  Europe,  where  he  remained  up- 
wards of  a  year.  Soon  after  his  return  lie  was 
urged  to  become  the  pastor  of  the  E  Street  Baptist 
churcli,  Wiishington,  D.  C,  which  he  consented  to 
do.  and  ho  still  holds  that  position.  While  I'csiding 
in  Massachusetts,  Dr.  Parker  acted  for  a  period  of 
sixteen  years  as  a  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
and  in  184'J  he  was  delegated  by  that  body  to  rep- 
resent them  at  the  first  Baptist  Association  held 
in  Germany,  at  the  old  city  of  Stettin.  Accompa- 
nied by  that  pioneer  German  missionary,  the  Kev. 
.).  G.  Oncken.  he  visited  the  Baptist  missions  in 
Denmark  and  Germany.  The  missionary  stations 
in  France  he  visited  with  the  Rev.  Erastus  Wil- 
lard.  From  these  visits  he  gleaned  many  interest- 
ing facts  which  were  of  great  use  to  the  committee 
in  the  prosecution  of  their  work  in  those  fields. 
Dr.  Parker  stands  deservedly  very  high  ;iniong  his 
Baptist  brethren,  as  well  as  among  his  friends  in 
other  denominations,  who  have  long  known  ami 
acknowledged  his  sterling  worth. 

Parker,  Rev.  Uriah  H.,  an  aged  Baptist  min- 
ister residing  in  Bradley  Co..  .\rk..  settled  in  this 
part  of  the  State  about  1846,  and  shortly  after  gath- 
ered Shady  Grove  church  in  the  southern  part  of 
Bradley  County,  the  oldest  missionary  Baptist 
church  between  the  Ouachita  and  the  Mississippi 
Rivers.  An  anti-mission  church  was  gathered  at 
Warren  a  few  years  before,  but  it  is  lung  since  ex- 
tinct. Mr.  Parker  also  gathered  another  church 
in  Bradley  County,  which  was  afterwards  dis- 
solved. He  united  his  l.ibors  with  Boyal  in  Drew 
County,  and  Tomniie  in  Bradley,  and  by  their  com- 
mon labors  the  foundations  of  many  of  the  oldest 
churches  in  Bartholomew  Association  were  laid. 
He  often  preaches  yet  with  great  earnestness  and 
])ower. 

Parker,  Rev.  Willard  G.,  was  born  in  .Vnnap- 
olis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia,  April  4,  1816;  converted 
and  baptized  in  1828;  ordained  pastor  at  New  Al- 
bany, .Ian.  28,  1843  ;  was  pastor  at  Sackvillc,  New 
Brunswick,  seven  years,  and  in  Nova  Scotia  at  the 
following  places:  Nictaux,  seventeen  years,  also 
of  Mitton,  Queen's  County,  Lawrencetown,  Valley 
West,  and  Pine  Grove  churches;  baptized  over  a 
thou.sand  converts  ;  died  Dec.  6,  1878  ;  an  eminent 
minister  of  the  gospel. 

Parkerism  in  Indiana. — 1 .  The  Doctrine. — God 
never  made  a  creature  that  will  suffer  otornally. 
All  the  elect  were  created  in  union  with  Christ, 
and  so  he  was  bound  by  covenant  to  redeem  them. 
These  are  the  "good  seed."  The  non-elect  are  the 
children  of  the  devil,  begotten  in  some  mysterious 
manner  of  Eve.     These  are  the  "  bad  seed." 


I'ARKHURST 


884 


PARKS 


2.  The  Man. — Reared  on  the  frontiers  of  Georgia, 
"  he  was  without  education,  uiicoiitli  in  manners, 
slovenly  in  dress,  diminutive  in  person,  and  un- 
prepossessing in  appearance."  His  enthusiasm 
bordered  on  insanity.  In  1819  he  came  into  Indi- 
ana from  his  home  in  Illinois,  and  at  once  began  to 
attract  attention.  He  opposed  missions,  education, 
and  Sunday-schools. 

3.  The  Motive. — He  sought  notoriety  as  a  writer, 
and  was  anxious  to  use  tlie  columns  of  the  Colum- 
bian Star,  published  in  Washington  City.  His 
articles  were  rejected.  In  his  revenge  he  attacked 
not  only  the  paper,  but  all  it  advocated,  such  as 
missions,  education,  etc. 

4.  The  Effect. — Scores  of  churches  and  hundreds 
of  members  were  drawn  away  after  him.  And  they 
went  so  far  as  to  pass  resolutions  denouncing  mis- 
sions, etc.  But  finally  those  churches  died  as  a 
proper  result  of  their  heinous  heresy.  Parker  was 
e.Ki-luded  from  his  own  eluirch. 

Parkhurst,  Rev.  Jabez  W.,  was  born  in  Mid- 
dletown.  Conn.,  Jan.  10,  ISOti.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-two  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
his  native  town.  In  the  fall  of  1831  he  removed 
to  Newton,  Mass.,  fitted  himself  to  enter  the  theo- 
logical institution  there,  and  graduated  in  1836. 
Fcir  seven  years  after  his  graduation  he  was  the 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Tyngshorough,  Mass.,  an<l 
at  the  end  of  this  period  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  West  Dedham,  Mass.  His  pastorate  of 
this  church  continued  for  six  years,  and  was  closed 
in  consequence  of  his  ill  health.  He  was  chosen 
an  agent  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary 
Society,  and  performed  the  duties  of  his  office  for 
fourteen  years.  Having  closed  his  relations  with 
the  society,  he  supplied  different  churches  for  a 
time,  hoping  that  his  health  would  be  so  far  re- 
stored that  he  would  be  able  to  resume  his  pastoral 
work.  This  hope  not  being  realized,  he  accepted 
an  appointment  as  an  agent  of  the  Hancock  Mu- 
tual Life  Insurance  Company,  a  position  which  he 
occupied  until  liis  death,  March  19,  1871. 

Parkinson,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Fred- 
erick Co.,  Md.,  Nov.  fS,  1774.  He  was  convicted 
of  sin  in  his  twentieth  year,  and  in  June,  1796,  he 
was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Absalom  Bainbridge.  in 
Israel's  Creek,  in  his  native  county.  He  was  or- 
dained to  the  Christian  ministry  in  April,  1798. 
He  delighted  in  preaching  as  an  itinerating  home 
missionary,  a  practice  very  common  among  our 
Baptist  fathers,  and  greatly  blessed.  In  December, 
ISOl.  and  for  ''  three  successive  seasons,''  during 
Jefferson's  administrations  he  was  "a  chaplain  to 
Congress.'"  He  w.as  chosen  to  this  position  by  a 
large  majority,  and  without  solicitation  on  his  part. 
On  Lord's  day  morning  he  preached  in  the  Capitol, 
and  in  the  afternoon  in  the  Treasury.  He  says, 
"  The   members   of  Congress   attend   abundantly 


better  than  I  expected  ;  I  have,  moreover,  the 
pleasure  of  stating  that  the  President  has  missed 
but  one  of  my  meetings  at  the  Capitol." 

On  the  liOth  of  December,  1804,  Mr.  Parkinson 
came  on  a  visit  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  New 
York ;  after  preaching  to  their  great  satisfaction 
for  about  six  weeks,  he  received  an  earnest  call  to 
become  their  pastor.  Early  in  April  he  accepted 
the  call,  and  very  soon  after  a  powerful  revival  of 
religion  came  down  upon  the  church  from  the 
throne  of  grace,  and  it  continued  for  several  years, 
adding  large  numbers  to  the  membership  of  the 
church,  and  giving  a  glorious  impetus  to  Baptist 
influence,  and  efforts,  and  prayers  in  New  York. 
His  congregations  were  very  large,  and  his  sermons 
swept  the  people  along  with  him  with  resistless 
force.  He  continued  pastor  of  the  First  church  for 
thirty-five  years,  and  then  resigned,  after  which  he 
went  to  Frederick,  Md.  In  1840  the  Bethesda 
church  of  New  York  City,  composed  chiefly  of 
warm  friends  of  Mr.  Parkinson,  recently  connected 
with  the  First  church,  invited  him  to  become  their 
pastor.  He  accepted  the  call,  and  in  1841  com- 
menced his  labors.  But  soon  a  fall  seriously  im- 
paired his  health  and  largely  unfitted  him  for 
future  pulpit  efforts;  he  lingered  along  for  several 
years,  and  died  March  9.  1S48.  The  last  words  he 
uttered  were  a  declaration  that  "  he  was  in  the 
arms  of  his  precious  Saviour."  Daniel  Dodge,  of 
saintly  memory,  pastor  of  the  Second  church  of 
Philadelphia,  preached  his  funeral  sermon  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Parkinson  was  endowed  with  a  powerful 
mind,  a  voice  said  to  be  like  Whitefield's,  and  with 
a  large  measure  of  the  grace  of  Uod,  He  had  some 
enemies  that  possessed  a  great  faculty  for  hating, 
and  he  did  not  always  try  to  disarm  them,  but  he 
had  throngs  of  warm-hearted  friends  who  loved 
him  living  and  who  bitterly  lamented  his  death. 

His  published  writings  were  '"  A  Treatise  on  the 
Ministry  of  the  Word"  and  "  Sermons  on  XXXIII. 
Chapter  of  Deuteronomy,''  in  two  volumes. 

Parks,  Rev.  Harrison  H.,  son  of  Rev.  Benj. 
M.  Parks,  w,as  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March 
1,  1815;  joined  Athens  church.  O.,  in  1832;  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  1834;  helped  to  organize  the 
Whitney  Grove  church  and  the  Old  Salem  Associ- 
ation ;  entered  upon  the  work  of  pioneer  preaching 
in  "the  fiir  West"  ;  and  was  ordained  in  1847  by 
the  Black  Creek  church,  Mo.,  of  which  he  became 
pastor.  He  subsequently  preached  for  the  Quincy, 
Warsaw,  Fall  Creek,  Lamarsh,  Union,  and  Howard 
Orove  churches.  III.  ;  was  missionary  of  the  Bur- 
lington Association,  Iowa,  and  of  Bethel  church, 
111.,  until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  California ; 
has  done  much  to  encourage  and  build  up  feeble 
churches;  is  now  serving  as  pastor  the  church  at 
Willows,  Colusa  Co.,  Cal. 


PARKS 


885 


PAT  E  It  SON 


Parks,  Rev.  James  H.,  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  July  13.  IsiJ'j.  lie  was  converted  in  tlie  veur 
1S4T.  .iiui  united  with  the  Reformed  Duteli  Chureh. 
Soon  after  lie  oonimenced  a  cour.se  of  preparation 
for  Kut<;ers  Collej^e,  having  the  Christian  ministry 
in  view.  But  liealth  failing,  and  a  series  of  cir- 
cumstances arising  which  brought  the  sulyect  of 
Christian  baptism  to  his  attention,  he  was  compelled 
to  make  .1  thorough  examination  of  ."scriptural 
teachings  upon  this  subject,  which  resulted  in  his 
being  immersed  on  profession  of  faith  on  the  2d  of 
July,  1854. 

He  afterwards  pursued  a  post-graduate  cour.se  at 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  that  in- 
stitution upon  examination.  He  was  also  honored 
with  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Princeton  College, 
N.  J.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  May  28, 
1856.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churches 
at  .'stamforil.  Conn.,  Bedfonl,  X.  Y..  Pemberton, 
X.  J.,  Miuiayunk  and  Calvary,  Philadelpliia,  and 
is  now  successfully  laboring  with  the  Linden  Ave- 
nue Baptist  church  at  Dayton,  0.  He  also  per- 
formed faithful  service  as  a  chaplain  in  the  army 
at  Washington,  D.  C.  during  the  late  war.  His 
pastorates  liave  been  successful  and  efficient.  His 
views  of  doctrine  are  clear,  strong,  and  Scriptural, 
.and  are  always  fearlessly  enunciated.  He  is  a 
positive  Baptist,  perhaps  the  more  so  because  his 
own  prejudices,  instilled  from  early  childhood, 
were  each  successively  removed  by  a  specific  inves- 
tigation and  a  conscientious  study  of  the  Word  of 
God. 

Parmly,  Wheelock  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Braiiitree,  Vt.,  July  27,  1^10  ;  graduated  at  Colum- 
bia College,  New  York  City,  in  1842,  and  from  the 
theological  department  at  Hamilton  in  1844 ;  a 
classmate  of  George  C.  Baldwin,  of  Troy,  and 
others  ;  spent  several  years  preaching  in  Louisiana 
and  Mississippi,  and  for  three  years  was  pastor  at 
Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.  In  1850  he  took  charge  of 
the  church  in  Burlington,  X'.  J.,  and  in  1854  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  First  church  of  Jersey  City, 
of  which  he  rcm.ains  the  beloved,  honored,  and 
successful  pastor.  The  city  has  grown  rapidly,  anil 
the  First  church  has  become  large  and  influential, 
sending  out  other  churches,  which  are  useful  and 
(irosperous.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  Madison  University  in  1867.  Dr. 
Parmly  has  exercised  ,an  extensive  influence  in  the 
moulding  and  upbuilding  of  the  missionary  and 
educational  institutions  of  the  State.  He  has  a 
place  on  the  board  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society.  He  is  loved  by  his  own  people 
and  honored  by  the  denomination  in  the  State. 

Patch,  Rev.  George  Washingpton,  was  bom  in 
Boston.  April  .10,  1^17:  pursued  Ins  preparatory- 
studies    in    Wakefield.    Mass..   and   Xew   London. 


X.  H.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brow  n  University  in 
the  class  of  18.39.  Having  taken  the  course  of 
theological  study  at  Xewton,  he  was  settled  first  at 
I  Wenham,  Mass..  and  then  at  Sharon,  Mass.  From 
this  latter  place  he  was  called  to  Marblehead,  Mass.. 
where  he  had  a  long  and  most  useful  ministry  of 
twenty-six  years,  and  ceased  to  preach  only  under 
the  pressure  of  fatal  disease.  He  died,  with 
scarcely  a  moment's  warning,  Dec.  25,  1875.  Few 
ministers  have  left  behind  them  a  better  record 
than  he. 


WIIEEI.OCK    II.   P.SRMr.V,   D.D. 

Paterson,  James,  D.D.,  of  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
was  for  fifty  years  pastor  of  the  first  regular  Bap- 
tist church  in  that  city.  He  was  born  in  1801  at 
Dumbarton,  and  received  his  early  education  at  the 
burgh  school,  then,  as  now,  of  considerable  reputa- 
tion. At  first  he  thought  of  devoting  himself  tc 
the  medical  profession,  but  during  his  university 
course  he  connected  himself  with  the  Glasgow  City 
Mission,  and  eventually  entered  the  ministry.  He 
had  joined  the  Scotch  Baptist  Church,  but  never 
embraced  their  views  of  church  polity.  In  1829 
he  hired  a  room  and  began  to  preach.  A  number 
of  university  students  came  to  the  poor  room,  a 
kind  of  loft,  and,  after  seeing  the  pl.ace  and  the  con- 
gregation, they  said,  "  You  never  mean,  Paterson, 
to  make  a  kirk  out  of  that  I"  But  he  did,  and  the 
church  which  originated  with  three  members  grad- 
ually grew  strong  and  influential,  and  is  now  the 
largest  Baptist  church  in  Scotland.  He  rendered 
eminent  service  to  the  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion, and  for  many  years  superintended  the  theo- 
logical   education    of    students    for    tiie     Baptist 


PA  TIENT 


886 


PATRICK 


ministry  in  Scotland.  In  1S50  he  undertonk  the 
editc>rslii|>  of  tlie  Sajflish  Tt-mperance  lietieic,  and 
subsoquently  lie  edited  the  Scotlish  Ueriew.  His 
ministry  was  characterized  by  solidity  and  stren^ith, 
and  his  life  was  singularly  iipriglit,  and  marked  by 
a  severely  conscientious  regard  for  duty  and  integ- 
rity. In  everything  he  put  his  hand  to  l*r.  Pater- 
son  proveil  himself  "  u  workman  who  needeth  not 
to  be  ashamed."  In  the  later  years  of  his  life  he 
wa,s  aided  in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church  by  the 
Ilev.  James  Cubross,  D.D.,  as  junior  pastor,  but  he 
continued  to  minister  to  his  charge  until  within  a 
short  perioil  of  his  departure,  which  took  place  on 
Jan.  2it.  I.SSO. 

Patient,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  England, 
and  educated,  we  have  no  doubt,  in  Oxford  or 
Cambridge.  He  became  a  Congregationalist,  and 
emigrated  to  New  England.  After  laboring  in  the 
ministry  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  he  was  con- 
vinced that  the  Saviour  and  his  apostles  were  Bap- 
tists, and  he  frankly  avowed  his  convictions.  He 
was  immediately  subjected  to  violent  persecutions, 
and  to  escape  them  he  returned  to  England. 

In  1640  he  was  appointed  co-pastor  with  Mr. 
Kiffin  in  London,  where  he  labored  for  some  time. 
Parliament  having  voted  that  six  able  ministers 
should  lie  appointed  to  preach  in  Dublin,  at  a  sal- 
ary of  £200  per  annum,  to  be  paid  from  the  lands 
formerly  owned  by  bishops,  deans,  and  chapters, 
Mr.  Patient  accepted  one  of  these  ])Ositions,  which 
was  offered  to  him.  In  the  capital  of  Ireland  he 
became  a  very  pojiular  jireaeher,  and  so  gifted  was 
he  as  an  elocpient  speaker  that  at  times  he  traveled 
much  through  the  country,  preaching  Jesus  wher- 
ever he  went  to  delighted  throngs  of  British  set- 
tlers. 

In  Dulilin  he  acted  as  chaplain  of  Col.  John 
Jones,  who  was  married  to  a  sister  of  the  Protector, 
and  who  occupied  a  seat  in  his  "  House  of  Lords." 
And  such  a  favorite  was  he  with  Col.  Jones  that 
he  selected  him  to  preach  before  him  and  the  coun- 
cil every  Sunday  in  Christ  church  cathedral.  This 
church  was  completed  in  1038,  and  it  was  repaired 
and  extensively  improved  by  the  celebrated  English 
invader  of  Ireland,  Strongbow.  In  it  he  was  buried 
in  IITO,  and  his  monument  is  the  chief  attraction 
at  this  day  of  a  superb  church.  In  this  grand  old 
temple,  before  the  governor  of  Dublin  and  the  HUe 
of  Anglo-Irish  society,  Mr.  Patient  proclaimed  a 
living  gospel.  He  was  on  friendly  relations  with 
Oliver  Cromwell  himself,  as  the  following  quota- 
tions from  a  letter  written  to  the  Protector  by  him 
will  show : 

"  Mv  Lord, — From  that  little  acquaintance  I  had 
with  your  excellency  before  you  went  out  of  Ire- 
land, and  the  suitableness  I  found  in  that  letter  of 
your  experiences,  of  which  I  was  made  a  partaker, 
compared  with   my  observation   of  the  goings  of 


God  with  you  for  many  years,  in  this  great  work 
in  which  Cod  hath  made  use  of  you,  it  hath,  in- 
deed, very  thoroughly  confirmed  my  heart  in  char- 
ity and  love  towards  you,  as  one  elect  and  precious 
in  the  sight  of  God.  .  .  .  Truly  God  hath  kept  the 
heart  of  my  lord  deputy  close  to  himself,  ,  .  ,  I 
am  at  present,  and  have  been  at  the  headquarters 
ever  since  a  little  before  my  Lady  Ireton  (Crom- 
well's daughter)  came  over.  I  do  by  good  experi- 
ence find,  so  far  as  I  can  discover,  the  power  of 
God's  grace  in  her  soul,  a  woman  acquainted  with 
temptations  and  breathing  after  Christ.  And  I 
am  persuaded  it  hath  pleased  God  to  begin  a  work 
of  grace  in  the  soul  of  Col.  Henry  Cromwell,  j-our 
son.  ...  I  watch  him,  and  he  is  crying  much  to 
God  in  secret.  .  .  .  Your  grandchild  hath  been 
very  weak,  but  it  is  recovered.  ...  I  think  1  shall 
be  at  DuV)lin  with  my  lady  (Ireton)  this  summer." 

This  letter  shows  that  Mr.  Patient  had  received 
an  epistle  from  Cromwell,  and  that  he  was  inti- 
mately and  religiously  associated  with  several 
members  of  his  family  at  that  time  in  Ireland. 

Mr.  Patient  baptized  a  large  number  of  per.sons 
in  Dublin.  He  was  a  wise  and  experienced  Chris- 
tian, and  he  rendered  substantial  service  to  the 
Saviour's  kingdom  in  Ireland.  He  died  July  30, 
1601'),  and  the  Lord  was  with  him  as  he  passed  from 
this  world  of  the  dying  into  the  heaven  of  the 
living.  His  only  published  work  was  a  quarto 
volume  on  baptism. 

Patrick,  Prof.  John  B.,  is  a  native  of  Barnwell 
County,  the  garden  spot  of  South  Carolina.  He 
graduated  in  the  State  Military  Academy  in  18.')0. 
From  1856  to  1858  he  was  tutor  in  Furman  Uni- 
versity. In  1859  he  was  second  lieutenant  and 
Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics,  and  then  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  and  first  lieutenant,  until  the 
war  closed  the  academy.  He  was  with  the  cadets 
during  their  active  service. 

In  ISCiG  he  was  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment of  Furman  University.  In  1870  he  opened 
the  Greenville  High  School,  and  in  1878  he  con- 
verted it  into  the  Greenville  Military  Institute.  He 
is  a  very  modest  man.  Those  who  know  him  think 
that  few  men  in  the  State  have  exercised  a  bc-tter 
or  more  extensive  influence  over  the  young  men 
who  are  assuming  the  places  of  the  old  as  they  pass 
away. 

Patrick,  Saint,  the  Apostle  of  Ireland,  was 

of  Scotch  birth.  His  proper  name  was  Succathus; 
the  name  by  which  we  <lesignate  him  is  of  Latin 
origin;  palricius  means  noble,  illustrious;  it  was 
a  surname  and  a  title  of  honor  at  the  same  time 
given  to  him  by  his  grateful  admirers.  Patrick 
was  wild  and  wicked  until  his  sixteenth  year,  when 
he  remembered  the  God  of  his  fathers  and  repented 
him  of  his  sins,  and  enlisted  in  the  divine  service. 
There   is   no   ground    for   doubting   but    that    he 


PATTEliSON 


887 


PATTISON 


preached  the  gospel  of  repentuncc  and  faith  in 
Irehind,  and  tliat  liis  ministrations  were  attended 
by  overwheliuin^  success.  There  are  accounts  ex- 
tant of  a  number  of  his  Iwptisms,  but  they  are  all 
immersions.  There  is  one  Vjaptism  mentioned  by 
Nennius  (History  of  the  Britons,  p.  410.  Bohn, 
London)  and  by  Todd  (St.  Patrick.  Apostle  of 
Ireland,  p.  441).  Dublin),  and  found  in  many 
other  histories,  of  which  O'Farrcll  writes  (Popu- 
lar Life  of  St.  Patric'k,  p.  110.  New  York,  1863), 
'•When  the  saint  entered  Tirawly  the  seven  sons 
(of  Amaljiaidh)  assembled  with  their  followers. 
Profiting  by  the  presence  of  so  vast  a  multitude, 
the  apostle  entered  into  the  midst  of  them,  his  soul 
inflamed  with  the  love  of  God,  and  with  a  celestial 
courage  preached  to  them  the  truths  of  Christi- 
anity ;  and  so  powerful  was  the  effect  of  his  burn- 
ing words  that  the  seven  princes  and  over  twelve 
thousand  more  were  converted  on  that  day,  and 
were  soon  after  baptized  in  a  well  (a  spring  or 
fountain)  called  Tobar  Enadhaire,  the  well  of  Enad- 
haire.''  A  number  of  other  fountain  baptisms  of 
St.  Patrick  may  be  found  in  "  The  Baptism  of  the 
Ages,"  pp.  62-70.  Publication  Society,  Philadel- 
phia. We  have  strong  reasons  for  regarding  St. 
Patrick  as  a  Baptist  missionary,  and  beyond  con- 
tradictiim  bis  baptism  was  immersion. 

Patterson,  Rev.  Jolm  W.,  was  bom  in  New 
Kent  Co.,  Va.,  Dee.  14,  18.50.  He  was  baptized  in 
IMijS,  entered  the  Richmond  Institute,  and  was 
graduated  from  the  same  in  1874.  He  served  as 
missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  for  some  time,  and  was  ordained  in  July, 
1S72.  He  was  soon  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  (colored),  Danville,  Va.,  where, 
during  five  years,  he  has  had  abundant  success, 
having  baptized  nearly  one  thousand  persons.  He 
has  been  greatly  honored  by  his  people,  and  fills 
a  wide  sphen'  of  usefulness.  He  is  an  excellent 
pre.icher,  and  quite  a  vigorous  writer,  several  of 
his  sermons  having  been  publislied  and  widely  cir- 
culated. He  is  deeply  interested  in  all  good  move- 
ments, and  is  a  trusted  leader  among  his  people. 

Pattison,  Robert  E.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Benson, 
Vt..  Au:;.  I 'J.  I  Mil  I,  His  motlicr  was  Sarah  Everett, 
daughter  of  a  [ihysician  :  his  father  was  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  Robert  was  his  second  son.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  Church  when  a  young  man,  and 
soon  gave  up  business  for  an  education  to  enter 
the  ministry.  He  prepared  for  college,  and  entered 
.\mberst  in  1826:  stood  second  in  a  class  of  forty, 
lie  was  tutor  in  Columbian  Cidlege,  Washington, 
li.  C.  then  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Waterville 
College,  Me.  He  was  pastor  in  Salem,  Mass.,  then 
at  Providence,  R.  I.  In  1836  he  became  president 
of  Waterville  College  until  it  suspended  for  want 
of  means,  in  1839.  He  occupied  the  pulpit  of  the 
Second  Baptist  church  for  a  year,  and  returned  to 


I  his  former  charge  in  Providence.  In  1842  he  be- 
<-ame  secretary  of  the  home  department  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union.  This  posi- 
tion was  urged  upon  him.  and  he  reluctantly  left  his 


ROUERT    E.    PATTISON".   D.D. 

church  in  Providence  to  fill  it.  After  three  years 
of  service  he  w.is  reelected  secretary,  but  accepted, 
in  1845,  the  presidency  of  the  Western  Baptist 
Theological  Institute,  at  Lexington,  Ky.  This 
school  was  suspended  by  local  difficulties,  and  Dr. 
Pattison  for  six  years  was  a  professor  at  Newton 
Theological  Seminary.  Then  he  resumed,  by  re- 
r|uest,  the  presidency  of  Waterville  College,  .and 
held  the  ofiice  until  failing  health  caused  him  to 
retire  from  labor  for  a  time.  He  removed  to 
Worcester,  Mass.,  to  pass  his  days  free  from  care, 
but  in  two  years  he  assumed  the  proprietorship  of 
Oread  Institute. 

In  the  fall  of  1864  he  was  a  Professor  of  Theol- 
ogy in  ShurtlelT  College.  In  1870  he  removed  to 
Chicago  to  become  a  professor  in  the  Union  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary,  where  he  remained  until 
his  last  illness.  In  the  summer  of  1874  his  ener- 
gies began  to  give  way.  and  after  a  protracted  ill- 
ness he  died  at  the  residence  of  his  eldest  son.  in 
St.  Louis.  Dr.  Pattison  left  as  his  only  literary 
monument  a  "  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephesians."  Few  men  have  impressed  their  views 
more  deeply  upon  others.  In  all  circumstances  he 
possessed  a  resolute  hopefulness  and  a  firmness  in 
adhering  to  his  convictions  of  right  and  duty.  His 
powers  of  persuasion  wore  remarkable,  and  his  life 
was  one  of  great  usefulness  and  of  devoted  piety. 


PATTISON 


888 


FATTON 


Fattison,  T.  HarWOOd,  D.D.,  was  liom  in  Kn;;- 
land  in  Dccein]jci-,  ls:;s.  |||.  was  eilncated  by  pri- 
vate tuition,  and  at  the  London  University  School  : 
studied  arehiteeture  for  four  years  in  London ;  spent 


T.    HARUOOI)    I'ATTISON,   D.D. 

four  years  at  Regent's  Park  Baptist  College,  Lon- 
don, from  which  he  graduated  in  ISfl'i;  was  pastor 
at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  and  Ilochdale,  in  England. 

In  1874,  during  a  tour  in  the  United  States,  lie 
received  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  New  Haven,  Conn.  After  returning  to 
England  he  accepted  the  invitation,  and  came  to 
this  country  again  in  March,  1S75,  and  settled  in 
New  Haven.  His  brilliant  pastorate  in  that  city 
attracted  the  attention  of  intelligent  Baptists  every- 
where, and  when,  in  IST'.I,  the  Pearl  Street  church 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  wanted  an  under-shepherd  to 
succeed  Dr.  Bridgman,  and  fill  the  position  which 
had  been  occupied  by  some  of  the  first  ministers 
in  the  Baptist  denomination,  they  extended  a  call 
to  Mr.  I'attison.  His  labors  in  that  city  have  in- 
creased his  reputation  as  a  fine  scholar,  an  eloquent 
preacher,  a  judicious  pastor,  and  a  gospel  laborer 
upon  whose  efforts  the  favor  of  heaven  speciallv 
rests.  He  received  in  18S0  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Madison  University,  and  lie  has 
just  been  chosen  to  fill  one  of  the  most  important 
chairs  in  Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 

In  the  history  of  our  denomination  in  this  country 
no  man  has  ever  acquired  such  distinguished  suc- 
cess in  a  shorter  time  than  Dr.  Patti.son,  and  no 
one  more  richly  deserves  it.  Those  best  acquainted 
with  him  anticipate  an  unusually  bright  future  for 


him,  rich  in  the  fruits  of  ripe  scholarship,  great 
modesty,  ardent  piety,  and  intellectual  powers  of  a 
high  onU^r. 

Dr.  Pattison,  in  1)S72,  published  ''  Present  Day 
Lectures."  He  is  the  American  correspondent  of 
The  Freeman,  one  of  the  organs  of  the  English  Bap- 
tists. 

Patton,  Alfred  S.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Sufiidk. 
England,  Dec.  25,  1825,  came  to  America  when  a 
child,  and  was  educated  at  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  Madison  University,  N.  Y. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  the 
former,  and  Dix'tor  of  Divinity  from  the  latter. 
After  graduating  he  spent  some  months  in  Europe. 

He  was  settled  as  pastor  in  West  Chester,  Pa., 
then  in  Iladdonfield,  N.  J.,  then  for  five  years  in 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

In  185(1  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
in  Watcrtown,  Mass.,  and  for  1862  and  I8G3  Avas 
the  chaplain  of  the  Massachusetts  senate. 

In  1864  he  aecepted  a  call  from  the  old  Broad 
Street  church  of  Utica,  N.  Y.  While  there  the 
church  built  the  spacious  and  attractive  house  of 
worship  known  as  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church. 
It  is  located  in  one  of  the  finest  sections  of  the  city. 
His  labors  in  the  new  field  met  with  marked  suc- 
cess. Dr.  Patton  is  an  able  preacher,  and  was  a 
good  pastor,  possessing  remarkable  tact  and  superior 


.ILFRED    S.  I'ATTO.N,  D.D. 


■social  qualities.  He  has  been  industrious  with  the 
pen.  He  is  the  author  of  the  following  works : 
"  Kincaid,  the  Hero  Missionary,"  "  The  Losing 
and  Taking  of  Man-Soul,  or  Lectures  on  the  Holy 


PATTON 


889 


I'ALLLLV 


War,"  "  Light  in  the  Viilley,"  "  Live  for  Jesus," 
'■My  Joy  iind  my  Crown,"  and  smaller  works 
published  by  the  American  Tract  Society,  lie  also 
contributed  articles  for  the  Christina  Jlcricw  on 
"  The  Influence  of  Physical  Debility  on  Religious 
Experience,"  and  "  Dreams,  their  Nature  and 
Uses,"  also  for  the  Boston  Review,  an  article  on 
"  Liberal  Religion,"  and  for  the  C"Hijrnja/ioniil 
Review,  one  on  "  The  TeTiiptation." 

In  1.S72  he  purchased  the  Ameriran  ISaptist,  and 
soon  after  changed  its  form  to  a  ({uarto  and  the 
name  to  the  Baptist  Weekly,  since  which  time  that 
journal  has  talvcn  high  rank  among  Baptist  peri- 
odicals. He  is  a  firm  supporter  of  all  the  great 
enterprises  of  his  denomination,  and  though  kind 
and  considerate  to  all  ( 'hristian  communities,  he  is  a 
strenuous  sup]iorter  of  Baptist  doctrines  and  polity. 

Fatten,  Rev.  Garrett  R.,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Juda,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.. 
Pa.,  in  April,  ISll.  He  passed  his  youth  in  the 
place  of  his  birth,  and  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  neighborhood.  In  18.30  he  made  a 
profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Smithfield,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.  He 
was  licensed  to  pre.ich  the  gospel  in  1S,39.  and  or- 
<lained  by  the  church  with  which  lie  united  when 
converted.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Monongahela 
Baptist  church  in  ].S.3y.  In  184.J  he  removed  to 
Juda,  Greene  Co.,  Wis.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place,  in  which  relation  he 
has  remained  until  the  present  time.  He  gathered 
and  organized  churches  in  the  same  county  at  Mon- 
ticello,  Wyota.  and  Monroe.  He  has  held  the  same 
pastorate  longer  than  any  minister  in  Wisconsin. 
He  is  a  faithful  and  successful  preacher  of  the 
gospel.  His  ministry  has  been  frequently  blessed 
with  revivals  of  great  power.  In  Iiis  seventieth 
year  he  is  preaching  with  much  acceptance  to  one 
of  the  largest  churches  in  the  State. 

Patton,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  lTo2.  in  Kent 
Co.,  Del.  He  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Abel 
Griffith,  of  Welsh  Tract,  in  1789.  In  1793  he 
settled  in  Shamokin,  Pa.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  formed  the  following  year  in  that  place. 
In  1809  he  removed  to  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  and  as- 
sumed pastoral  care  of  the  Mount  Moriah  Baptist 
church.  This  relation  continued  until  his  death, 
in  1839,  aged  eighty-seven.  Half  a  century  was 
given  to  the  ministry,  and  judging  from  the  warm 
expressions  of  aged  members,  both  in  the  Eastern 
and  the  Western  field  he  occupied  for  so  many  years, 
he  must  have  been  a  man  of  more  tlian  ordinary 
ability  and  of  great  activity.  As  the  foumler  of 
the  ancient  church  of  Shamokin  his  memory  will 
not  perish.  Thirteen  children  and  a  very  large 
circle  of  grandchildren,  as  well  as  the  church  he 
so  faithfully  served,  mourned  his  loss.  One  son, 
James,  became  a  preacher,  as  did  also  three  grand- 
57 


sons, — John  P.  Rockafeller,  G.R.  Patton,  and  Wm, 
K.  Patton.  The  latter  is  a  graduate  of  the  univer- 
sity at  Lewisburg,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary.  He  is  now  pastor  of  two 
churches,  the  Flatwoods,  Fayette  Co.,  and  the 
Greensborough,  Greene  Co.,  Pa.,  and  is  highly 
respected  as  a  Christian,  a  minister,  and  a  citizen, 
Paul,  Rev.  Thomas,   a  gifted  and  eloquent 

colnreil  preacher,  was  born  in  Exi^ter,  X.  H.,  .Sept. 
3,  1773,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became  a  Chris- 
tian. At  the  age  of  twenty-eiglit  lie  commenced 
preaching,  and  was  ordained  at  Nottingham  West, 
N.  H.,  May  1,  1S0.5,  and  soon  after  became  the 
pastor  of  the  African  Baptist  church  in  Boston, 
where  he  remained  for  more  than  twenty  years. 
He  had  a  fine,  commanding  presence,  and  a  fervent, 
pleasing  address,  so  that  his  jueaching  was  exceed- 
ingly attractive,  and  crowds  came  to  hear  him 
when  he  preached,  as  he  frequently  did,  in  the 
towns  about  Boston.  Genuine  revivals  of  religion 
occurred  under  liis  ministry,  and  be  was  highly 
respected  and  beloved  wherever  he  went. 

Mr.  Paul  was  much  impressed  with  the  need  of 
evangelical  labor  in  the  island  of  Ilayti,  and  in 
1823  ho  offered  himself  to  the  Massachusetts  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Society  as  a  missionary  to  the 
people  of  tliat  islaml.  He  was  accepted,  and  on 
reaching  the  field  of  liis  labor,  addressed  him,self 
with  great  earnestness  to  his  work.  But  his  .igno- 
rance of  the  French  language  made  it  impossible 
for  him  to  reacli  the  people  whom  he  was  especially 
desirous  of  influencing,  and  he  returned  to  this 
country,  once  more  to  preach  the  gos])el  here. 
It  lias  lieen  said  of  him,  "  He  was  not  an  ordi- 
nary man.  For  without  the  advantages  of  a  good 
education  in  early  life  he  became  distinguished 
as  a  preacher.  His  understanding  was  vigorous, 
his  imagination  was  vivid,  his  personal  appearance 
was  interesting,  and  his  elocution  was  graceful. 
We  have  heard  him  preach  to  an  audience  of  more 
than  one  thousand  persons,  when  he  seemed  to 
have  command  of  their  feelings  for  an  hour  to- 
gether. On  baptismal  occasions  he  was  truly  elo- 
quent. His  arguments  were  unanswerable,  and 
his  appeals  to  the  heart  were  powerful.  The  slow 
and  gentle  manner  in  which  he  placed  candidates 
under  the  water  and  raised  them  up  again  pro- 
duced an  indelible  impression  on  the  spectators, 
that  tliey  had  indeed  seen  a  'burial  with  Christ  in 
liaptism.'  "     Mr.  Paul  died  April  14,  1831. 

Paulicians.— See  .\ i  hiok\sks. 

Paullin.  Rev.  James  Stratton,  was  born  in 
Eufuula,  Ala.,  .June  7,  1837.  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place  in  18.53  ;  ordained  in 
18.58  ;  then  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Clayton, 
where  he  remained  until  1873  ;  removed  to  Midway, 
and  was  pastor  tliere  for  four  years  ;  then  pastor 
of  Broad   Street  church,  Mobile,  one  year;  then 


PAVKV 


returned  to  his  old  charge  at  Clayton,  where  he 
remains.  Mr.  I'aulliii  is  an  earnest  Christian  and 
u  thorough  Baptist,  a  working  pastor,  and  a  good 
Jireacher  of  the  gospel. 

Pavey,  Rev.  Charles,  was  hom  in  England, 
and  licensed  to  preach  hy  the  Fifty-third  Street 
church,  New  York,  in  1849.  In  1800  he  was  or- 
<lained,  and  he  took  charge  of  the  Hilltown  church, 
15ucks  Co.,  I'a.,  where  he  died  in  1871.  llis  min- 
istry as  a  licentiate  and  as  a  pastor  was  greatly 
blessed.  He  had  an  unusual  measure  of  consecra- 
tion to  God.  Ilis  views  of  the  doctrines  of  sover- 
eign grace  were  eminently  Scriptural,  and  his  pres- 
entation of  them  was  very  earnest  and  effective. 
The  Ililltnwn  church,  so  blessed  liy  the  labors  of 
Father  JIathias,  felt  the  death  of  Mr.  I'avey  to  be 
a  heavy  affliction.  His  memory  is  warmly  cher- 
ished by  the  people  and  church  of  Hilltown. 

Paxton,  Rev.  James  Edwards,  a  useful  pio- 
neer Baptist  preaclier  in  North  Louisiana,  by  whose 
labors  many  of  the  churches  in  Bienville,  Natchi- 
toches, Jackson,  Claiborne,  and  Bossier  Parishes 
were  founded,  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1820; 
aided  in  the  organization  of  Red  River  Association 
and  the  Louisiana  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
as  financial  agent  of  Mount  Lebanon  University 
raised  the  principal  part  of  the  endowment  of  that 
institution.  Removing  to  Te.xas,  he  became  in 
succession  pastor  at  Anderson,  Washington,  Inde- 
pendence, and  Brenham  :  died  in  1876. 


PEARCE 


REV.   WILLIAM    EDWARDS    PAXTOX. 

Paxton,  Rev.  William  Edwards,  was  bom  in 

Little  Rock,  Ark.,  in   1825  ;  graduated  at  George- 


town College,  Ky.,  under  the  presidency  of  Howard 
Malcom,  D.D.,  by  whom  he  was  baptized  in  1845; 
removed  to  Louisiana  in  18.53,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  ;  during  the  war  served,  with  the 
rank  of  captain,  in  the  Confederate  army  ;  entered 
the  ministry  in  1864  and  became  pastor  at  Minden  ; 
in  1873,  president  of  Shreveport  University  ;  in 
1877,  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society;  in  1878,  took  charge  of 
the  Centennial  Institute,  Warren,  Ark.,  where  he 
now  (1880)  teaches  and  preaches.  He  has  con- 
tributed largely  to  the  denominational  literature  of 
the  South.  Besides  many  articles  as  contributor 
or  editor,  he  is  the  author  of  the  following  works: 
"  Rights  of  Laymen,'  "  Apostolic  Church,"  "  Faith 
a  Prerequisite  to  Church  Membership,''  a  premium 
essay  published  by  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  and  "Kndless  Retribution.'"  He  is  one 
of  the  ablest  and  most  cultured  ministers  in  the 
Baptist  denomination. 

Pearce,  Rev.  Samuel,  of  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, was  born  in  I'lyniouth,  July  20,  1706.  In 
boyhood  he  occasionally  had  distressing  conviction.s 
of  sin.  When  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was 
in  the  house  of  a  dying  man,  who,  in  despair,  ex- 
claimed, "  I  am  damned  forever."  As  the  words 
fell  upon  the  ear  of  the  youth  he  w.as  filled  with 
horror  for  the  fate  of  his  father's  ilying  friend,  and 
with  anguish  for  his  own  guilty  state  ;  and  though 
his  distress  on  account  of  sin  grew  less,  it  was  not 
until  about  a  year  after,  when  the  sermon  of  a  man 
of  God  made  him  grieve  over  sin  more  deeply  than 
ever,  and  pointed  out  to  his  hopeless  soul  the 
wounded  Saviour,  that  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus 
gave  him  peace.  His  heart  was  full  of  Christ,  and 
completely  relieved  of  all  fears.  He  was  blessed 
with  full  assurance  of  faith,  and  as  a  result,  with 
joy  unspeakable  and  full  of  glory. 

Soon  after  this  be  made  a  covenant  with  .Jeho- 
vah, signing  it  with  his  own  blood,  pledging  him- 
self completely  to  the  Lord.  But  though  bis  heart 
was  full  of  ardor,  and  his  resolution  firmly  taken, 
it  would  seem  that  he  trusted  too  much  to  himself, 
and  he  partly  broke  his  vows ;  in  consequence  of 
which  he  was  overwhelmed  with  despair,  until  the 
cross  with  the  agonizing  Redeemer  took  the  place 
of  his  violateii  covenant  as  his  great  source  of  com- 
fort. 

He  was  educated  for  the  ministry  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege, and  during  his  stay  there  he  was  often  en- 
gaged in  preaching  Jesus  to  the  poor  and  neglected 
in  anil  around  that  city,  and  his  grand  theme  on 
these  occasions  was  "The  Sacrifice  of  Calvary,'' 

In  the  latter  part  of  1789  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Cannon  Street  church,  Birmingham,  where 
his  ministry  was  continued  till  he  rested  from  his 
labors  and  his  pains. 

At  one  period  his  mind  was  a  little  agitated  in 


I'EAIiCE 


M91 


PECK 


reference  to  Arminianism  and  Socinianism :  he 
was  then  a  young  man  weighing  for  the  first  time 
the  shrewdest  sophistries  of  tlie  enemies  of  tnitli. 
But  he  was  completely  cured  hy  a  dangerous  mal- 
ady which  seized  liim,  in  the  distresses  an<l  appre- 
hensions of  which  he  saw  that  "  his  diligence, 
faithfulness,  and  unspotted  life"  were  no  props  tu 
sustain  a  departing  soul,  that  only  the  omnipotent 
and  guilt-atoning  Saviour  could  ])rotec-t  him,  and 
from  that  moment  the  perfect  Lamli  of  his  first  re- 
ligious experience  was  his  whole  trust  till  he  met 
him  face  to  face. 

He  was  the  friend  of  Carey  and  Fuller  before 
Carey  went  to  India,  and  he  was  one  of  the  warm- 
est advocates  of  foreign  missions  that  dwelt  on 
earth  since  the  Son  of  Mary  came  from  his  heavenly 
home  on  a  foreign  mission  to  this  lost  world. 
During  his  whole  life  after  entering  upon  the  min- 
istry, and  while  his  health  was  unbroken,  he  had  a 
continual  struggle  about  going  out  as  a  missionary 
to  India.  Ilis  popularity  as  a  minister  was  im- 
mense, his  people  loved  him  tenderly,  his  useful- 
ness showed  that  the  seal  of  God  was  deeply  im- 
pressed upon  his  ministry.  The  hoard  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Society,  at  his  request,  gave  an  opinion 
upon  his  duty  to  go  to  the  heathen,  and  their  de- 
cision was  that  as  he  was  more  useful  to  foreign 
missions  in  England  than  he  could  be  in  India,  lie 
should  remain  in  Birmingham  ;  nevertheless,  his 
heart  was  in  India  with  his  friend  Carey  until  he 
was  carried  by  angels  to  his  Saviour's  presence  in 
glory.  He  rendered  effective  service  to  the  cause 
of  missions  by  his  eloquent  appeals  in  Birming- 
ham and  in  various  parts  of  England,  and  also  in 
Irel.and.  And  in  1794  he  wrote  to  Dr.  Rogers,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  made  a  rousing  appeal  to  him  to 
try  and  secure  the  formation  of  an  American  Bap- 
tist Foreign  Missionary  Society. 

Mr.  Pearce  died  of  consumption,  Oct.  10,  1799, 
after  a  ministry  of  only  ten  years,  llis  last  illness 
w.as  full  of  hope,  patience,  and  the  love  of  Christ. 

He  had  great  faith  in  prayer,  and  he  carried 
everything  to  the  Saviour,  with  whom  he  wrestled 
with  persevering  importunity  till  the  Lord  revealed 
his  will.  He  continually  thirsted  for  the  presence 
of  God;  life  was  nothing  without  it,  nor  any 
amount  of  earthly  success  or  joy.  His  peace  was 
unusual,  and  it  was  a]iparent  to  all  that  knew 
him.  He  was  sure  that  his  Saviour  loved  him,  that 
nothing  could  hurt  him,  and  that. he  had  a  home 
and  a  divine  welcome  awaiting  him  in  the  heavens, 
and  he  was  one  of  the  happiest  of  men.  His  love 
for  God  was  all-engrossing  anil  ever-enduring,  and 
bis  love  for  men  embraced  every  one,  aTul  in  need- 
ful situations  would  give  everything.  He  was  like 
Fenelon,  Robert  Murray  McCheyne,  of  Dundee,  or 
the  apostle  John,  the  friend  of  God  and  the  friend 
of  man.     And  in  his  ten  years'  ministry  he  left  an 


impression  that  lives  in  Birmingham,  and  in  many 

]iarts  of  England  to-day,  though  he  has  been  in  his 
grave  for  eighty-one  years.  Measured  by  useful- 
ness instead  of  years  this  young  pastor  preached  for 
at  least  a  century. 

Feat,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  bom  in  England,  Sept. 
24,  1810.  His  father  died  in  1818,  and  his  mother 
in  1824,  and  he  was  thus  left  an  orphan  at  an  early 
age.  America  had  such  attractions  for  the  boy  that 
he  emigrated  to  the  New  World  in  his  young  man- 
hood, and  when  converted  gave  his  whole  heart  and 
service  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  won  for  himself 
much  esteem  as  a  zealous  and  conscientious  preacher 
in  some  of  the  Western  States.  About  the  year 
1870  he  visited  California  for  his  health,  and  re- 
ceived much  benefit.  lie  became  pastor  at  the  city 
of  Red  Bluff,  where  he  died,  Nov.  15,  1870.  He 
was  very  active  in  temperance  and  other  reform 
movements.  He  was  the  author  of  the  following 
published  works :  "  The  Baptists  Examined,'" 
'■  Sure,"  and  "  Piirsonage  Pencillings." 

Peay,  Rev.  John  U.,  was  born  in  Rutherford 
Co.,  Tenn.,  May  19,  1832.  He  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky in  his  youth.  After  attending  the  common 
schools,  he  finished  his  education,  under  the  super- 
vision of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  S.  Coleman,  at  Beaver  Dam, 
Ohio  Co.,  Ky.  lie  united  with  the  Sandy  Creek  Bap- 
tist church  in  1853,  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1854, 
and  was  ordained  at  Beaver  Dam  in  1857.  In 
1858  he  took  charge  of  the  Bajitist  church  at  South 
CarroUton,  where  he  still  labors.  He  has  been  pas- 
tor of  three  other  churches  most  of  the  time  since 
he  was  ordained.  He  is  a  powerful  ami  practical 
preacher,  and  has  been  a  very  successful  pastor. 
He  is  a  vigorous  writer,  and  has  published  several 
works,  which  have  met  with  popular  favor.  He  is 
also  senior  editor  of  The  Sludiitl,  an  educational 
journal,  published  in  South  CarroUton. 

Peay,  Rev.  Richard  Dawson,  A.M„  brother 
of  John  M.  I'eay,  was  born  in  Coffee  Co.,  Tenn., 
Nov.  1(1,  1840.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  Green  River  Baptist  church,  in  Ohio  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1864.  Entered  Bethel  College  in  1866, 
graduated  with  the  honor  of  his  class  in  1871,  was 
ordained  at  South  CarroUton  in  1872,  and  im- 
mediately took  p.astoral  charge  of  the  Portland 
Avenue  Baptist  church  in  Louisville,  Ky.  After 
remaining  three  years  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
church  in  llender.son,  Ky.  In  1879  ho  became  the 
principal  of  the  high  school  in  Henderson,  mean- 
while preaching  on  the  Lord's  day  to  the  church 
at  that  place. 

Peck,  Rev.  A.  C,  was  born  June  25,  1846,  at 
Munsun,  Geauga  Co.,  O. ;  gr.aduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin  in  1866  ;  taught  high  school 
at  Freeport,  111.,  one  year :  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  there,  and  was  licensed  to  the  ministry  ; 
took  a  three  years'  course  in  the  theological  semi- 


PECK 


892 


PECK 


nary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  graduiiting  in  1870;  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  at  Muinfoni,  N.  Y.,  but,  on 
account  of  ill  health,  did  not  enter  upon  it ;  came 
to  Kansas  in  1871  ;  engaged  in  teaching  and  farm- 
ing. In  1872  taught  in  the  university  at  Ottawa, 
and  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
there ;  ordained  in  January,  1S73  ;  resigned  on  ac- 
count of  failing  health  in  1S74;  elected  superin- 
tendent of  schools  of  Franklin  Co.,  Kansas  ;  called 
to  the  First  Baptist  church,  Lawrence,  Kansas,  in 
Octoljpr.  1S7.',.  whore  he  still  ministers. 

Peck,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  horn  May  3,  1707,  in 
Warren,  Cunn.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1795  he 
removed  from  Cooperstown,  X.  Y.,  into  the  '"  Beech 
Woods,"  and  settled  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Wayne 
Co.,  Pa.  This  journey,  in  company  with  his  wife 
and  three  children,  he  performed  with  an  ox-team 
and  sled  :  modern  luxuries  were  then  unknown. 
In  June,  1806,  he  received  ordination.  From 
March  3,  1^08,  until  his  decease.  IMareli  16,  1835, 
he  was  the  esteemed  pastor  of  the  Mount  Pleasant 
church,  but,  like  all  pioneer  ministers,  he  performed 
a  vast  amount  of  work  in  regions  round  about. 
"  His  general  appearance  indicated  great  activity 
and  power  of  endurance.  Ilis  voice  was  musical 
and  pleasant,  and  his  manners  affable  and  mod- 
est." "He  moved  in  a  sphere  of  great  useful- 
ness," and  "  served  his  own  generation  by  the  will 
of  God." 

Peck,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Milan,  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y..  .Sept.  11,  1780.  He  found  full  relief 
from  sin,  through  faith  in  Jesus,  in  his  eighteenth 
year,  and  was  baptized.  On  the  11th  of  June, 
1806.  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First  church 
in  Cazenovia,  after  preaching  to  the  people  for 
eighteen  months.  This  relation  continued  until 
1835,  when  he  resigned  to  give  himself  to  more 
extended  usefulness.  There  was  spiritual  pros- 
.perity  among  his  people  when  he  left  them,  and 
his  ministry  among  them  had  been  greatly  blessed. 
Six  churches  were  organized  chiefly  from  mem- 
bers dismissed  from  Cazenovia,  and  fifteen  of  her 
young  men  had  been  ordained  as  pastors  of  other 
churches.  It  was  the  greatest  trial  of  his  life  to 
bre.ik  the  holy  tie  that  united  him  to  his  dear 
people. 

He  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Baptist  Education 
Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  which  established 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Society, 
now  Madison  University.  He  was  an  active  sup- 
porter of  the  Hamilton  Baptist  Missionary  Society, 
which  accomplished  a  great  work  for  the  Saviour 
over  an  extensive  section  of  New  York  :  and  when 
it  was  merged  into  the  Baptist  Missionary  Conven- 
tion of  the  State  of  New  York,  he  became  the  gen- 
eral agent  of  the  new  body,  and  .served  for  fifteen 
years  with  abounding  success.  Mr.  Peck  was  a 
good  man,  full  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  whose  name  will 


ever  be  remembered  with  gratitude  in  the  wide 
sphere  in  which  his  labors  were  performed.  He 
died  Nov.  15,  1840. 

Peck,  John  Mason,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
parish  of  Litchfiild,  South  Farms,  Conn.,  Oct.  31, 
1789.  His  conversiim  took  place  in  1807,  when  he 
was  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  first  united  with 
the  Congregational  church  in  Litchfield.  Re- 
moving, in  1811,  to  Windham,  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.. 
he  became  acquainted  with  the  Baptists  through 
the  church,  and  through  the  pastor.  Rev.  II.  Har- 
vey, in  the  adjoining  town  of  New  Durham.  He 
had  already  become  doul)tful  of  Pedobaptist  views 
and  practices,  and  now,  after  further  inquiry,  hav- 
ing fully  abandoned  those  views,  he  was  baptized, 
Sept.  14,  1811,  uniting  with  the  church  in  New 
Durham.  On  the  next  day,  by  invitation  of  the 
church,  he  preached  his  first  sermon,  and  was  im- 
mediately licensed,  and  in  1813  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Catskill.  After  a 
brief  pastorate  here,  and  another  at  Amenia,  in 
Dutchess  County,  he  accepted  an  agency  in  be- 
half of  foreign  missions,  laboring  under  the  guid- 
ance of  Rev.  Luther  Rice.  He  then,  1816-17.  had 
a  year  of  study  under  Dr.  Stoughton,  of  Philadel- 
phia. He  was  then  appointed  a  missionary  of  the 
board  of  the  Triennial  Convention,  to  labor  in  St. 
Louis  and  vicinity.  Thus  began  his  Western  career. 
July  25,  1817,  he  set  out,  with  his  wife  and'  three 
children,  in  a  covered  wagon,  upon  the  long  jour- 
ney of  1200  miles  to  his  field  of  labor,  and  on  the 
1st  of  December  reached  St.  Louis.  His  associate, 
Rev.  .James  E.  AVelch,  had  reached  the  field  be- 
fore him.  In  1822  he  became  a  resident  of  Rock 
Spring,  III.,  and  this  remained  his  home  until  his 
death. 

At  Rock  Spring,  Dr.  Peck,  in  connection  with 
his  missionary  latiors,  now  under  the  appointment 
of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Missionary  Society, 
established  a  seminary  for  general  and  theological 
education,  being  aided  in  this,  to  some  extent,  by 
Eastern  friends.  The  seminary  was  certainly  a 
successful  one.  It  is  said  to  have  had  at  one 
time  one  hundred  students.  As  another  sphere 
of  auxiliary  labor,  he  began,  April  25.  1828,  the 
publication  of  a  paper, — the  Wexleni  Pioneer  and 
Baptist.  His  work  in  preaching,  meantime,  cov- 
ered a  very  wide  region ;  while  all  the  affairs  of 
the  Territory,  soon  to  become  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois, engaged  his  intelligent  and  active  interest. 
In  due  time  the  Rock  .Spring  Seminary  became 
united  with  the  seminary  at  Upper  Alton,  now 
Shurtleff  College.  Dr.  Peck,  aside  from  other 
labors,  wrote  largely.  Among  his  works  were 
"A  Biography  of  Father  Clark,"  ''Emigrant's 
Guide,"  "Gazetteer  of  Illinois."  "Annals  of  the 
West,"  and  other  works.  He  died  at  Rock  Spring, 
March  24,  1857,  in   the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his 


PECK 


893 


PEDDIK 


age.  He  was  a  man  of  many  remarkaljle  quali- 
ties, robust  in  intellect,  stron;;  in  purpose,  pos- 
itive in  his  opinions,  and  bold  in  their  advocacy,  a 
born  missionary,  and  a  thorough-going  Western 
man. 

Peck,  Solomon,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Providence, 
Jan.  25,  1^00.  He  early  developed  a  taste  for 
study,  and  was  sufficiently  advanced  to  enter  the 
Sophomore  class  in  Brown  University  when  he  was 
but  thirteen  years  of  age.  He  graduated  in  1816, 
taii!;lit  in  the  University  graimnar-school  and  in 
the  college  three  years  and  a  half:  was  a  student 
at  Andover  four  years,  and  was  ordained  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  in  1823.  He  preached  for  a  short 
time  in  Nurth  Yarmouth,  Me.,  and  subsequently 
for  one  of  the  churches  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
was  appointed  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Hebrew 
Languages  in  Amherst  College  in  1825.  In  1832 
ho  visited  France  in  the  service  of  the  American 
Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  A  connection 
was  thus  commenced  with  foreign  missions  which 
had  its  influence  on  what  proved  to  be  the  great 
life-work  of  Dr.  Peck.  As  the  secretary  of  the 
executive  board  for  twenty  hard-working  years  he 
performed  an  amount  of  clerical  work  of  the  mag- 
nitude and  importance  of  which  few  persons  can 
form  any  conception.  He  performed  not  only  this 
home  work,  but,  as  an  associate  with  the  Rev.  Dr. 
JainesN.  Granger,  he  traveled  e.\tensively  in  Europe 
ancl  Asia,  visiting  the  stations  of  the  Missionary 
Union,  suggesting  plans,  setting  things  in  order, 
and  in  many  ways  doing  what  lay  in  his  power  to 
advance  the  cause  he  so  much  loved. 

After  resigning  his  position  as  secretary  of  the 
board  in  Boston  he  spent  some  time  at  Beaufort 
and  Edisto  Island,  S.  C,  laboring  for  the  mental 
and  spiritual  improvement  of  the  colored  race.  His 
last  public  service  was  as  chaplain  to  the  Home  for 
Disabled  Soldiers,  in  Boston,  and  as  secretary  of 
the  Freedmen"s  Aid  Society.  Dr.  Peck  died  June 
12.  1ST4. 

Peckham,  Rev.  William  Augustus,  was  born 
in  l^li).  in  Euclid,  0.,  where  lie  lived  until  he 
reached  manhood,  when  he  removed  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Ontario,  N.  Y.  In  early  life  he  experi- 
enced religion,  and  united  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  But  about  the  year  1836  his 
religious  views  changed,  .and  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  then 
residing.  In  1840  he  was  licensed  to  pre.ach,  and 
in  1845  was  ordained  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Cas- 
.sadaga,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  settled  as  pastor.  In 
1847  he  came  to  Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Jones 
County,  devoting  his  ministry  to  the  churches  in 
Franklin  and  Highland.  The  following  ye.ar  he 
removed  to  Aztalan.  -Jefferson  Co.,  Wis.,  whore  he 
shortly  afterwards  died.  He  is  remembered  by  the 
older  ministers  of  the  State  as  a  very  earnest  and 


devout  Christian  minister,  from  whom  much  was 
hoped  in  those  early  pinneer  days. 

Peckworth,  Rev.  John  P.,  was  born  in  Eng- 
land aljout  1770,  and  came  to  this  country  when  he 
was  thirteen  years  of  age.  He  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  but 
afterwards  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  joined 
the  First  church  in  that  city.  He  w.is  ordained  in 
1808,  and  the  next  year  he  and  others  formed  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  of  which  he 
became  the  pastor.  The  new  community  prospered 
greatly  under  his  earnest  and  godly  ministrations, 
and  became  a  strong  body.  In  1823  he  went  to 
Baltimore,  and  after  some  other  changes  of  resi- 
dence and  scenes  of  labor  he  died  at  Wilmington, 
March  7,  1845,  in  his  seventy-fifth  year,  in  the  full 
enjoyment  of  a  blessed  hope  through  the  blood  of 
the  Lamb. 

Peddle  Institute. — Eaton's  school  at  Hopewell 
was  not  forgotten  when  Brown  University  flour- 
ished and  academies  grew  in  other  States.  In 
1848  the  subject  of  academic  education  was  agi- 
tated in  Xew  Jersey,  and  schools  were  begun  at 
Salem  and  Plainfield. 

'•  In  I8tj3  the  following  decisive  .action  was  taken" 
by  the  Baptist  State  Convention  held  at  Borden- 
tiiwn  : 

"  Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to 
take  into  consideration  the  desirableness  and  pro- 
priety of  making  arrangements  immediately  for 
establishing  a  Lilerarij  Insliinlion  under  the  pa- 
tronage of  our  denomination  in  New  .Jersey.  " 

The  next  year,  1864,  the  following  was  adopted : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  efforts  of  brethren  to  estab- 
lish a  first-class  school  at  Ilightstown,  to  be  under 
the  control  of  the  Baptists,  meet  the  hearty  ap- 
proval of  this  body,  and  that  we  pledge  to  it  our 
cordial  support.'' 

In  the  month  of  March,  1SG6,  a  charter  w.as  first 
obtained.  In  1867  the  subject  of  a  new  building  be- 
gan to  be  earnestlj'  considered,  and  (two  years  after) 
on  Oct.  26,  1869,  it  was  fornially  opened  as  "  The 
New  Jersey  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute." 

In  1872  the  charter  was  so  altered  as  to  change 
the  name  to  that  of  Peddle  Institute,  in  honor  of 
its  munificent  donor,  Hon.  T.  B.  Peddle,  of  Newark. 
Mr.  Peddie's  gifts  and  subscription  to  this  insti- 
tute now  amount  to  more  than  $50.tXX1.  And  be- 
sides him  the  names  of  such  men  as  Colgate,  Trevor, 
Wyckoff,  Van  Wickle,  Judges  Kunyon  and  Cook, 
Hun.  D.  M.  Wilson,  Rev.  W.  V.  Wilson,  and  many 
others  good  and  true,  are  to  be  remembered  for_ 
their  large  donations,  as  well  as  the  masses  of 
Baptists  who  gave  liberally  to  secure  the  valuable 
property  at  Ilightstown.  During  its  brief  exist- 
once  it  has  furnished  nmny  students  who  in  the 
professions  and  in  mercantile  life  have  been  a 
credit  to  the  school  and  the  denomination.     Under 


PEDDIE 


895 


PEDDIE 


Prof.  E.  J.  Avery  and  his  corps  of  teachers  it  is 
steadily  progressing. 

The  building  consists  of  a  centre  and  wings  in 
line.  It  is  25.J  feet  in  length,  five  stories  high,  in- 
cluding liaseraent  and  attic.  The  three  middle 
stories  of  the  wings  contain  eiglity-four  rooms  for 
students  and  teachers,  each  room  designed  to  ac- 
commodate two  occupants.  In  the  attics  are  the 
rooms  for  the  literary  societies,  and  in  the  ladies' 
building,  the  music-rooms ;  the  rest  is  occupied  for 
dormitories.  The  basement  in  the  north  wing 
contains  the  school-room  for  the  primary  depart- 
ment, artists'  rooms,  suite  of  rooms  for  teachers,  and 
four  rooms  for  students. 

The  kitchen,  laundry,  steward's  private  rooms, 
servants'  sleeping-rooms,  and  steward's  office  are 
situated  in  the  basement  of  the  south  wing.  The 
basement  of  the  centre  contains  the  dining-room  ; 
the  first  story,  the  small  chapel  in  the  rear,  and  the 
parlors  in  front ;  the  second  story,  two  school-rooms 
in  front,  and  three  recitation-rooms  in  the  rear  : 
the  third  story,  the  laboratory  and  lecture-room  in 
the  rear,  and  three  rooms  for  library  caV^inets  in  the 
front.  The  attic  is  designed  for  a  large  chapel  or 
temporary  gymnasium.  Water-tanks  are  situated 
at  the  extreme  ends  of  each  wing,  under  the  roof, 
supplying  water  to  each  story,  by  means  of  pipes, 
furnished  with  faucets,  passing  down  through  the 
end  rooms  in  front.  These  arc  also  designed  for 
bath-rooms.  The  whole  building  is  heated  by  ap- 
paratus in  the  cellar. 

Peddle,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  of  Scotch  parents, 
in  Ancastcr.  ( )nt:irio,  May  24,  1838  ;  was  converted 
when  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  pursued  a  full 
course  of  study  at  Madison  University  and  Hamil- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  graduating  from  the 
latter  institution  in  1865.  Settled  at  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  in  1865,  and  remained  nearly  three  years. 
Became  pastor  of  the  Calvary  church,  Albany. 
N.  Y.,  in  May,  1868,  and  remained  until  March. 
1871,  when  he  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  tin; 
Fourth  church,  Philadelphia.  Here  he  remained 
for  seven  years  and  a  half,  when  he  received  and 
accepted  a  pressing  call  to  the  Second  church  of 
Chicago,  111.  In  the  spring  of  1880  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  church  of  New  York  City.  Re- 
ceived the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison  Universitv. 

Dr.  Pc'Jdie  possesses  remarkable  pulpit  power. 
His  originality  of  thought,  his  clear  and  manly 
utterances,  and  his  strong  sympathetic  nature  en- 
able him  to  present  the  "  glad  tidings''  with  an 
almost  irresistible  magnetism.  He  has  already 
baptized  nearly  lOCH")  converts,  and  has  cheered  and 
strengthened  the  faltering  faith  of  many  of  God's 
children.  The  weak  and  the  unfortunate  always 
find  in  him  a  true  friend,  and  few  men  have  so 
largely  won  the  love  and  regard  of  others.  His 
services  have  been  in  frequent  demand  on  special 


occasions,  and  by  his  sermons  and  lectures  he  has 
been  a  generous  helper  to  many  enterprises  beyond 
the  boundaries  of  his  immediate  church  work.  The 
close  of  his  pastorate  in  Philadelphia  was  made  the 


JOIIX    PEDDIE.  D.D. 

occasion  for  a  special  meeting  of  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Social  Union,  at  which  the  farewell  greet- 
ings were  mingled  with  many  tender  and  eloquent 
testimonies  to  the  value  of  his  ministry  and  friend- 
ship. 

Peddle,  Hon.  Thomas  B.,  is  a  native  of  Edin- 
burgh. Scotland,  lie  received  a  good  education, 
and  in  his  youth  was  a  great  reader.  He  came  to 
this  country  in  1833,  and  settled  in  Newark,  N.  J. 
By  strict  habits  of  industry  and  by  remarkable 
ability  his  manufacturing  establishment  is  now 
among  the  largest  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  He 
has  been  twice  mayor  of  Newark,  the  largest 
city  in  the  State,  twice  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  he  served  in  the  United  States  Congress  of 
1876-78,  in  which  he  was  placed  upon  important 
committees.  He  has  also  been  president  of  the 
board  of  trade,  and  in  foreign  travel  has  ably  rep- 
resenteil  business  interests.  When  a  young  man 
Mr.  Peddie  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Mr.  Brown.  He  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Newark,  and  as  a  trustee 
was  partioulai-ly  active  in  the  building  of  their  fine 
commodious  meeting-house.  He  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest in  all  the  affairs  of  the  church. 

When  the  academy  at  Ilightstown  was  in  great 
straits  Mr.  Peddic's  sympathies  were  enlisted,  and 
he  gave  it  at  one  time  a  donation  of  $25,000.     His 


PEIRCE 


896 


PELTZ 


benefactions  since  have  increased  this  sum  to  more 
than  SSOjOtX).     Mr.  Peildieis  a  generous  benefactor 


Hon.  TUllMAS    B.  I'EDDIE. 

of  the  Baptist  denomination,  whose  record  is  an 
honor  to  us. 

Peirce  Academy,  Middleborough,  Plymouth 
Co..  Mass..  was  founde<l  by  deacon  Levi  Peirce. 
of  Middleliorougli.  Two  purposes  were  kept  in 
mind  in  the  erection  of  the  academy  l)uilding  in 
1808, — one  was  to  furnish  a  liall  suitable  to  hold 
public  worship  in.  and  the  other  to  secure  rooms 
for  the  use  of  the  teachers  who  might  have  charge 
of  the  acadfMiiy.  Like  so  many  institutions  of  a 
similar  character,  the  first  few  years  of  its  exist- 
ence were  years  of  struggle  and  varied  fortunes. 
Its  history  furnishes  another  illustration  of  the 
saying,  that  "it  is  hard  to  get  up  a  Baptist  insti- 
tution, and  harder  yet  to  kill  it."  In  liS28,  a  place 
for  public  worship  having  been  built  by  Deacon 
Peirce  on  the  lot  adjoining  the  academy,  the 
meeting-house  and  the  academy,  with  the  lots  on 
which  they  stood,  were  deeded  to  the  Central  Bap- 
tist Society :  and  subsequently  the  academy  passed 
into  the  hands  of  trustees,  an  act  of  incorporation 
having  been  obtained  from  the  Legislature  of  Mas- 
sachusetts for  this  purpose  in  18.3-5.  In  1842  it 
came  under  the  control  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  Jenkg, 
and  it  is  due  to  his  energetic  efforts  and  most  per- 
sistent labors  that  the  institution  rose  to  the  high 
rank  which  it  attained  among  the  academies  of 
New  England.  A  new  school  l)uilding  was  erected, 
valuable  apparatus  and  cabinets  were  secured,  and 
the  institution  in  all  its  departments  was  pervaded 


with  new  life.  Hundreds  of  young  men  and  young 
ladies  have  been  educated  within  the  walls  of  the 
academy,  and  to  the  entire  section  of  country  in 
which  it  is  located  it  has  proved  to  be  the  source 
of  untold  good.  Too  much  praise  cannot  be  awarded 
to  Prof.  -Icnks  for  the  efforts  he  has  put  forth  and 
the  personal  sacrifices  he  has  made  in  behalf  of  the 
institution,  to  which  he  has  given  twenty-nine  of 
the  best  years  of  his  life.  lie  closed  his  connection 
with  it  in  1871.  Its  present  principal  is  Mr.  George 
H.  Coffin. 

Pella,  Iowa, — "  The  City  of  Refuge,"' — was  set- 
tled by  Hollanders.  A  Baptist  church  Wiis  early 
organized  in  it,  which  has  grown  in  usefulness  and 
numbers.  It  has  a  good  edifice,  recently  erected, 
and  its  prospects  arc  very  encouraging. 

The  Iowa  Central  Dniversity,  one  of  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  Iowa  Baptists,  has  been 
located  at  Pella,  and  for  years  has  been  success- 
fully prosecuting  its  work. 

Pelot,  Rev.  Francis,  a  native  of  Switzerland, 
was  born  March  11.  1720.  Ilis  parents  were  Pres- 
byterians, and  gave  their  son  a  fine  education.  He 
came  to  South  Carolina  in  1734,  and  joined  the 
Baptists  about  1744.  He  was  probably  the  first 
pastor  of  the  Euhani  church,  and  he  continued  in 
the  office  until  his  death,  in  1774.  He  held  a  very 
high  place  in  the  denomination,  as  was  to  be  ex- 
pected because  of  his  talcnt.s,  piety,  and  wealth. 
Mr.  Edwards  once  said  of  him,  "  He  possesses 
three  islands  and  about  3785  acres  on  the  conti- 
nent, with  slaves  and  stock  in  abundance.  This 
(said  he)  I  mention,  not  to  flatter  my  friend  Pelot, 
but  in  hope  that  his  conduct  may  influence  other 
wealthy  planters  to  preach  the  gospel  among 
the  poor  Baptists  when  God  inclines  their  hearts 
to  it."  He  was  very  useful  in  spreading  the  gos- 
pel in  South  Carolina. 

Peltz,  George  Alexander,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  2,  ls33.  His  ancestry  was 
German  on  his  fathers  side,  and  Scotch  on  his 
mother's.  His  father,  Alexander  M.  Peltz,  died  at 
an  early  age,  but  he  had  become  prominent  as  a 
State  politician,  and  especially  as  an  acceptable 
political  speaker.  Under  the  care  of  a  pious 
mother  the  subject  of  this  sketch  became  an  at- 
tendant at  the  Spruce  Street  Baptist  church  and 
Sunday-school.  This  was  under  the  pastorates  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Rufus  Babcock  and  the  Rev.  Thomas 
O.Lincoln.  He  subsequently  attended  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Southwark,  Philadelphia,  after- 
wards known  as  the  Calvary  Baptist  church.  Here 
he  found  the  Lord,  and  was  baptized  by  the  Rev. 
John  A.  McKcan,  Jan.  5,  1851.  One  year  later 
he  began  preparation  for  college,  and  entered  the 
Freshman  class  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  in  the  fall  of 
1853. 

During  his  college  course  be  labored  quite  exten- 


rEMBRRTON 


897 


PEXDLETOX 


sively  among  the  churcl)es  of  the  vicinity,  espe- 
cially at  Sunbury,  Northumberland,  Muncy,  and 
Ilufthesburg.  He  also  took  the  lectures  and  other 
studies  of  the  theological  department  begun  at 
Lewisburg  in  1S55.  He  graduated  as  valedictorian 
of  his  class  in  18.37,  and  at  once  proceeded  to  New 
York  City,  where,  on  August  1,  he  took  charge  of 
;i  mission  interest  founded  by  two  generous  Bap- 
tists, and  located  in  Continental  Hall,  corner  of 
Eighth  Avenue  and  Thirty-fourth  •Street.  From 
this  mission  the  Pilgrim  Baptist  church  was  or- 
ganized. Oct.  ",  18.57.  Mr.  Peltz  remained  here  as 
pastor  for  eight  years,  leaving  a  united  church  of 
402  members,  with  a  good  house  of  worship  and  a 
hopeful  outlook. 

In  Octoljer,  180o,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Tab- 
ernacle Baptist  church  of  Philailelphia,  remaining 
there  until  March  31,  1871.  During  his  pastorate 
the  church  cleared  off  its  entire  indelitedness,  thor- 
oughly revised  its  roll,  and  was  largely  increased 
in  membership.  Mr.  Peltz  then  devoted  himself 
entirely  to  Sunday-school  work  until  the  end  of 
1872.  In  Convention  and  Institute  efforts  he  trav- 
eled over  nearly  all  the  States  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. In  .lanuary,  187.3.  he  settled  with  the  South 
Baptist  church  of  Newark.  N.  .J.  In  January,  1870, 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia  to  assume  the  associate 
editorship  of  the  The  Sunday-School  Times.  In 
November.  1877,  he  removed  into  the  Chautauqua 
region,  so  f;imous  in  .Sunday-school  work,  and  be- 
came past'ir  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  James- 
town, N.  Y. 

In  1869,  Mr.  Peltz  edited  the  first  series  of  les- 
sons issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society.  He  was  the  first  editor  of  The  Baptist 
Teacher,  and  held  that  post  for  three  years.  He 
previously  edited  a  Sunday-school  department  in 
The  Xutional  Baptist,  and  subsequently  a  similar 
department  in  The  Independent.  lie  contributed 
largely  to  the  leading  Sundiiy-school  papers  and 
lesser  publications  of  the  land.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  International 
Sunday-School  Convention  for  ten  years.  He  pre- 
sided over  this  body  at  its  session  in  B.altimore, 
in  April,  1875.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Bap- 
tist National  Sunday-School  Convention  at  St. 
Louis  in  1869.  For  three  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Sunday-School  Conven- 
tion, and  for  two  years  its  corresponding  secretary. 
lie  was  for  nearly  two  years  associate  editor  of 
The  Sunday-School  Times.  At  present  he  resides 
in  Philadelphia. 

Pemberton  Baptist  Church,  at  Pemberton 
(formerly  New  Mills),  a  pleasant  village  in  Bur- 
lington Co.,  N.  J.,  surrounded  by  a  rich  and  beau- 
tiful farming  country.  Its  real  founder  was  Fran- 
cis Briggs,  probably  a  member  of  the  Cohanscy 
church,  who  settled  at  New  Mills  in  1750;  invited 


Baptist  ministers  to  preach  at  his  house;  seven 
were  converted  and  baptized,  and  a  small  meeting- 
house erected  in  1752.  A  noble  example  of  fidelity 
and  activity  worthy  of  imitation  by  every  isolated 
Baptist!  He  died  in  176;j.  In  17G4  the  church 
was  Constituted  with  nine  members.  Rev.  Peter  P. 
Van  Horn  pastor.  It  is  counted  as  the  eleventh, 
as  to  date  of  constitution,  among  existing  regular 
Baptist  churches  in  the  State.  It  immediately 
united  with  the  Philadelphia  Association;  in  1812 
transferred  its  membership  to  the  New  Jersey  As- 
sociation (now  West  New  Jersey),  formed  in  1811. 
Prior  to  1816  the  following  were  pastors:  Revs. 
Peter  P.  Van  Horn,  David  Branson.  David  Lough- 
borough, Alexander  Magowan,  Isaac  Carlile,  Isaiah 
Stratton.  At  that  date  the  membership  w.as  164. 
Rev.  John  Rogers,  who  was  successful  in  doctrin- 
ating  and  building  up  the  church,  was  pastor  from 
ISIO  to  18128.  A  second  and  larger  house  of  worship 
was  erected  in  1823.  Then  the  following  pastors: 
Revs.  C.  W.  Mulford,  1830-35,  a  time  of  ingather- 
ing ;  Timothy  Jackson,  two  years ;  J.  G.  Collom, 
seven  years,  chapel  erected  in  a  more  central  loca- 
tion, for  evening  meetings  and  Sunday-school :  D. 
S.  Parmalee.  about  five  years ;  L.  C.  Stevens,  very 
brief  pastorate;  S.  M.  Shute.  three  years,  during 
which  the  present  parsonage  was  bought;  Thomas 
Goodwin,  three  years.  Rev.  Levi  G.  Beck's  pas- 
torate (1859-64)  was  signalized  by  the  erection,  in 
1861,  of  the  present  pleasant  and  commodious  house 
of  worship,  centrally  and  conveniently  located. 
Rev.  J.  H.  P.arks  was  pastor  from  1864  to  1869; 
Rev.  James  AV.  Willmarth  from  1869  to  1878. 
Various  improvements  made.  Present  pastor. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Buchanan. 

From  the  constitution  of  the  church  until  now 
(May,  1880)  911  have  been  baptized.  Present 
number,  184. 

This  ancient  church  is  the  mother  of  several 
churches  in  the  vicinity,  has  always  been  self- 
sujiporting,  has  had  no  debts  or  mortgages  on  its 
property,  and  has  been  favored  repeatedly  with 
precious  revivals.  Its  membership  has  been  loyal 
to  Baptist  principles,  kind  to  pastors,  and  inter- 
ested in  the  gener.al  work  of  the  denomination. 
The  field  does  not,  perhaps,  give  promise  of  spe- 
cially rapid  growth,  but  the  church  is  firmly  es- 
tablished, has  had  much  faithful  instruction,  and 
will  doubtless  live  and  prosper.  It  has  sent  out 
several  .able  ministers,  has  had  among  its  lay 
members  men  of  steadfast  piety  and  of  influence 
and  usefulness,  and  is  dear  to  all  who  have  been 
connected  with  it  or  have  labored  with  it  in  the 
ministry. 

Pendleton,  James  Madison,  D.D.,  w^as  bom 
Nov.  20.  IMI,  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va.  His  pa- 
rents. John  and  Friinces  J.  Pendleton,  removed  to 
Christian  Co.,  Ky.,  when  he  was  one  year  old,  and 


PENDLETON 


898 


PENGILLY 


settled  upon  a  farm  near  tlie  present  village  of 
Pembroke.  Upon  this  farm  he  lived  until  he  was 
twenty  years  old.  Durinj;  the  winter  seasons  he 
attended  the  best  schools  the  community  afforded, 
and  with  the  judicious  training  of  his  excellent 
parents  he  was  better  educated  than  the  averajje 
farmer  boy. 

At  fifteen  he  became  interested  in  the  subject  of 
religion,  but  his  convictions  did  not  result  in  con- 
version until  he  was  seventeen,  when  he  united 
with  the  Bi'tliel  church,  near  Pcmbrolte.  lie  was 
baptized  liy  Kov.  John  S.  Wilson,  April  14,  1829. 

In  February,  1831,  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  began  the  work  of  the  ministry  before  he  was 
twenty  years  of  age. 

lie  is  the  only  licentiate  ever  sent  forth  by  the 
Bethel  church  to  this  date  (1878).  Uniim  scd  Lco- 
iiem.  In  183.'?  he  entered  'the  Christian  (!ounty 
Seminary  at  Ilopkinsville.  and  took  a  three  years' 
course  of  instruction  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  clas- 
sics, meantime  preaching  for  the  Ilopkinsville  and 
Bethel  churches  alternate  Sundays.  At  the  former 
church  he  was  ordained  Nov.  1,  IS33.  In  1837  he 
accepted  the  call  of  the  church  in  Bowling  Green, 
Ky.,  and  entered  upon  a  pastorate  of  twenty  years. 
Soon  after  this  settlement  he  formed  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Miss  Catharine  Stockton  Garnett,  of  Glas- 
gow, Ky.,  who  became  his  wife  in  1838.  By  her 
piety  and  abounding  good  works  she  has  proved 
herself  to  be  a  model  pastor's  wife.  They  have 
four  children  living,  three  of  whom  are  wives  of 
professional  gentlemen,  and  the  other,  a  son,  is  a 
lawyer  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

During  his  twenty  years'  pastorate  at  Bowling 
Green,  in  1849,  Dr.  Pendleton  cordially  espoused 
Henry  Clay's  gradual  emancipation  measures,  and 
supported  them  by  many  newspaper  publications. 
The  vote  of  the  State,  however,  was  largely  against 
those  measures,  and  slavery  remained  unchanged 
till  the  "civil  war"  wrought  its  overthrow. 

In  18.57,  Dr.  Pendleton  was  elected  Professor  of 
Theology  in  Union  University,  Murfreesborougb, 
Tenn.  He  had  ever  esteemed  the  pastorate  his 
office  and  preaching  his  function  in  life,  and  would 
accept  the  professorship  only  with  the  proviso  that 
he  should  have  a  pastorate  also.  Arrangements 
were  nmde  at  once  that  he  should  become  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Murfreesborougb,  find  he 
removed  to  his  new  field,  where  he  remained  until 
the  civil  war  laid  its  paralyzing  hand  upon  church 
and  college.  The  unquenchable  loyalty  of  the  man 
made  it  necessary  for  him  to  remove  to  the  North- 
ern States.  After  a  short  settlement  of  three  years, 
from  1S62  to  186.1,  at  Hamilton,  0..he  removed,  in 
November,  18<).5,  to  Upland,  Pa.,  where  he  has  ever 
since  been  the  highly  esteemed  and  faithful  pastor. 

At  an  early  day.  Dr.  Pendleton  became  an  almost 
constant  writer  for  the  denominational  press  and 


for  the  local  papers  of  his  community.  Of  this 
kind  of  literature  few  men  except  editors  are  so 
prolific.  Besides,  he  has  published  many  books, 
pamphlets,  tracts,  and  sermons,  such  as  "  Three 
Reasons  why  I  am  a  Baptist,"  "Church  Manual," 
"Treatise  on  the  Atonement,"  "Sermons  on  Im- 
portant Subjects,"  "  Christian  Doctrines,  a  Com- 
pendium of  Theology,''  the  last  of  which  is  gener- 
ally conceded  to  be  a  masterly  production,  concise, 
logical,  orthodox,  and  comprehensive,  and  supply- 
ing a  long  felt  want  in  the  curriculum  of  theologi- 
cal education  and  in  the  libraries  of  Christian 
households. 

Dr.  Pendleton  is  a  hard  student,  devoting  his 
morning  hours  to  his  study,  which  he  keeps  well 
stocked  with  only  the  best  and  most  approved 
evangelical  literature,  and  history,  biography,  and 
philosophy.  His  impatience  with  irreverence  and 
looseness  guards  his  library  from  the  intrusion  of 
liberalism  and  trash. 

He  preaches  as  he  writes,  after  a  well-defined 
model  or  plan,  from  which  he  seldom  swerves  even 
in  the  most  impassioned  efforts.  He  is  methodical 
in  his  work,  and  resolutely  follows  his  prearranged 
plans,  alternating  study  with  pastoral  visitation 
with  a  regularity  few  men  can  maintain.  He  is 
devout,  serious,  conscientious,  and  yet  highly  ap- 
preciates good  wit  and  humor,  and  is  ready  and 
judicious  in  the  use  of  them.  He  is  of  medium 
height,  well  proportioned,  firm  of  step  as  of  con- 
victions, a  sincere  friend,  generous  to  every  good 
cause  according  to  his  ability,  unostentatious  and 
affable  with  his  friends,  reserved  among  strangers, 
and  cautious  of  his  associations.  His  integrity  of 
character  and  honesty  of  convicticm  are  absolutely 
above  suspicion,  and  are  due  to  his  abiding,  un- 
sliaken  trust  in  God. 

Pengilly,  Rev.  Richard,  author  of  the  "Scrip- 
tural Guide  to  Bajitism,"  was  a  native  of  Penzance, 
Cornwall,  England,  where  he  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1782.  In  early  life  he  was  a  member  of  the  Wes- 
leyan  Methodist  body.  Like  .Samuel,  he  was  de- 
voted to  God  in  his  childhood.  A  baptismal  ser- 
vice and  a  sermon  by  the  Kcv.  Isaiah  Birt  attracted 
his  attention  to  the  principles  of  the  Baptists,  and 
in  1802  he  was  baptized,  and  became  one  of  the 
constituent  members  of  the  newly-formed  Baptist 
church  at  Penzance.  He  had  been  licensed  as 
a  local  preacher  among  the  Methodists,  and  his 
Baptist  brethren  encouraging  him  to  exercise  his 
gifts,  he  W.1S  received  as  a  student  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege, and  pursued  the  usual  course  of  study  until 
1807,  when  he  was  sent  to  Newcastle-on-Tyne  as  a 
probationer.  Having  received  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
there,  he  was  ordained  Aug.  12,  1807,  and  continued 
to  minister  to  the  same  church  until  184.0,  when  be 
retired  from  all  pastoral  work.  Although  he  never 
accepted  another  charge,  he  occupied  himself  with 


PENICK 


899 


PENN 


various  evangelical  and  benevolent  engagements 
which  his  strength  permitted  until  his  death, 
March  22,  1865,  iu  his  eighty-third  year.  During 
his  long  pastorate  at  Newcastle  he  did  good  service. 
He  estahlislied  the  first  Sunday-school  in  the  town 
among  the  eviingelical  Non-Conformists,  and  pro- 
moted the  formation  of  the  local  Bible  and  tract 
societies.  His  denominational  work  was  of  great 
value  in  the  district.  lie  published  "  Seven  Letters 
to  the  Societv  of  Friends  on  the  Nature  and  Per- 
petuity of  Baptism''  and  several  tracts,  some  of 
which  had  a  wide  circulation.  His  "  Scripture 
Guide  tii  Baptism"  has  passed  through  many  edi- 
tions, and  has  been  translated  into  the  German  and 
other  European  tongues.  Probably  no  other  book 
on  the  suliject  has  had  such  a  wide  diffusion,  or  been 
more  generally  useful. 

Peaick,  Rev.  Wm.  Sydnor,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax Co.,  Va.,  May  12,  ]•<■',*'<.  His  father,  William 
Penick,  being  a  planter  in  easy  circumstances,  big 
early  educational  advantages  were  the  best  that 
could  be  secure<l.  After  prosecuting  his  studies  for 
four  years  under  a  tutor  employed  in  the  family, 
he  entered  a  school  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  A. 
.M.  Poindester,  D.D.  At  the  age  of  fourteen,  hi> 
father  designing  him  for  mercantile  life,  he  was 
placed  in  a  store,  where  he  remained  for  three 
vears.  About  this  time  he  was  converted,  and  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  James  Longanacre.  At  the 
close  of  his  three  years'  service  in  business  he  re- 
solved to  pursue  his  studies,  and  entered  an  acad- 
emy in  his  native  county.  Afterwards,  in  1855,  he 
became  a  student  in  Richmond  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1858,  with  the  degree  of  A. B.  In  the 
fall  of  1858  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
gospel  ministry,  an<I  early  in  1859  took  charge  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Chatham,  the  county-seat  of 
Pittsylvania,  Va.  In  the  summer  of  1861  he  en- 
tered the  army  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  as  cap- 
tain of  a  company.  In  1868  he  resigned  the  care 
of  the  church  in  Chatham,  and,  having  removed 
to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  became  pastor  of  sev- 
eral churches  in  Jefferson  and  Berkeley  Counties, 
W.  Va.  In  1870  he  settled  in  Martinsburg,  taking 
exclusive  charge  of  a  church  which  be  had  organ- 
ized there,  and  directing  the  building  of  a  hand- 
some house  of  worship.  While  a  resident  of  this 
place  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  public 
schools  in  Martinsburg  and  Berkeley  Counties,  and 
served  for  two  years  with  great  efficiency.  About 
this  time  Richmond  College  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  In  1874  he  entered  upon 
his  present  field  of  labor  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Alexandria.  Va..  where  his  labors 
have  been  greatly  blessed  in  enlarging  the  mem- 
bership and  increasing  its  inttuenco  for  good.  Mr. 
Penick  is  honored  for  his  worth  and  labors  not  only 
by  his  own  congregation  but  by  all  who  know  him. 


Fenn,  Admiral  Sir  Williain,  was  bom  in  Eng- 
land in  1G21.  His  futher,  the  captain  of  a  merchant 
vessel,  taught  him  his  own  profession  so  thoroughly 
that  early  in  life  he  was  one  of  the  ablest  mariners 
in  the  British  islands.  The  Mediterranean  at  that 
period  was  full  of  pirates,  whose  vessels  were  the 
swiftest  that  plowed  its  waters ;  the  crews  of 
these  ships  were  skillful  and  reckless  men,  who  shed 
blood  without  pity,  and  enslaved  freemen  without 
remorse.  The  son  of  Captain  Giles  Penn  learned 
his  calling  in  the  ocean  specially  scourged  by  the 
pirates,  and  as  a  matter  of  necessity  he  was  a  fight- 
ing mariner.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three  William 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Royal  navy,  and 
was  ordered  to  take  charge  of  the  "Fellowship,"  of 
twenty-eight  guns.  He  rose  rapidly  to  the  highest 
commands  in  the  navy  ;  before  he  was  thirty  years 
of  age  he  was  vice-admiral  of  the  Irish  seas  ;  and, 
though  he  died  when  he  was  only  fortj'-nine  years 
of  age,  he  was  an  a<lmiral  and  general  of  the  Brit- 
ish fleet,  and  had  rendere<l  brilliant  services  to  his 
country. 

Some  Baptists  for  years  have  been  under  the 
impression  that  Penn  held  their  faith.  David 
Benedict  and  Curtis  make  this  statement ;  and 
many  others  in  comparatively  recent  times.  Crosby 
and  Ivimey  do  not.  Neither  does  a  single  writer 
competent  to  bear  testimony  on  such  a  question. 
Southey  says  that  "  Sir  John  Lawson  was  a  rigid 
Anabaptist."'  others  of  an  earlier  <lay  assert  the 
same  thing.  But  while  the  religion  of  the  one  dis- 
tinguished admiral  is  frequently  stated,  the  de- 
nomination of  the  other  during  the  doubtful  period 
of  his  life  is  not  named.  Granville  Penn.  the 
great-grandson  of  Sir  William,  says,  '"His  church 
was  the  Church  of  England,  by  whose  services  he 
was  baptized  and  buried,  and  to  which  he  adhered 
when  it  cituhl  be  found."  He,  no  doubt,  was  bap- 
tized in  the  Episcopal  Church,  but  so  were  many 
thousands  of  Baptists  in  his  day.  And  his  being 
buried  with  the  Episcopal  service  affords  no  evi- 
dence that  he  was  an  Episcopalian.  He  died  in 
1670,  under  the  restored  ."^tuarts,  when  nothing  but 
the  Episcopal  service  would  be  tolerated  in  the 
parish  church  of  Redclyffe,  Bristol,  where  he  was 
interred.  Moreover,  a  man  of  Sir  William's  char- 
acter under  the  Stuarts  was  certain  to  be  a  member 
of  the  church  patronized  by  the  powerful.  Gran- 
ville Penn  states  that  Sir  William  adhered  to  the 
Church  of  England  (Episcopalianism)  "when  it 
could  be  found."  Daniel  Neal  says  that  in  1641 
"the  old  English  hierarchy  was  suspended,  and 
lay  prostrate  for  about  eighteen  years."  Macaulay 
says,  '•  The  Puritans  interdicted  (in  England), 
under  heavy  penalties,  the  use  of  the  Book  of  Com- 
mon Praver.  not  only  in  churches,  but  even  in  pri- 
vate houses.  It  was  a  crime  in  a  child  to  read,  by 
the  bedside  of  a  sick  parent,  one  of  those  benutifal 


PENN" 


900 


PENN 


collects  wliicli  liad  soothed  the  fjiiefs  of  forty  gen- 
erations of  Cliristians.''  Episcopalianism  was  out- 
lawed in  England  for  years.  During  this  period 
Sir  William  Ponn  never  hinted  that  his  preferences 
were  for  the  Episcopal  CImrcli.  He  would  have 
been,  during  a  large  part  of  the  interregnum,  in- 
stantly removed  from  his  command  if  he  had.  It 
is  extremely  probable  that  the  politic  admiral,  es- 
pecially just  before  the  Protectorate,  was  a  friend 
of  the  Baptists.  His  interests  required  him  to  be 
a  Congregationalist  or  a  Baptist,  and  these  were  of 
supreme  moment  with  Sir  William  Penn.  Baptist 
principles  were  extensively  held  in  the  navy,  and 
they  were  entertained  by  his  chief  friends.  So 
that  it  is  not  unlikely  that  he  pretended  to  favor 
Baptist  doctrines.  But  we  know  of  no  authority 
for  the  common  tradition  that  Penn  was  a  member 
of  any  Baptist  church  or  congregation. 

Sir  William  Penn  owed  his  entire  position  in  the 
navy  to  the  enemies  of  the  Stuarts.  The  Parlia- 
ment -first,  and  Cromwell  afterwards,  gave  him 
promotion  and  wealth.  When  he  was  about  to 
leave  for  the  West  Indies  in  charge  of  a  fleet  of 
thirty-eight  vessels  of  war,  according  to  Ciranville 
Penn,  at  his  own  recpiest,  he  received  from  Crom- 
well lands  in  Ireland  worth  £300  per  annum,  "  as 
they  were  let  in  1640,''  to  make  up  for  his  losses. 
On  the  4th  of  December,  1654,  the  Protector  him- 
self wrote  to  the  Lord-deputy  and  Council  in  Ire- 
land ordering  the  speedy  selection  of  the  lands  given 
to  Penn,  and  Cromwell  directs  that  they  should 
be  chosen  "  where  there  is  a  castle,  or  convenient 
house  of  habitation  upon  them,  and  near  to  some 
garrison  for  security."  Cromwell  gives  as  a  reason 
for  the  special  interest  which  he  showed  in  Penn's 
lands;  that  the  admiral  '.'  is  now  engaged  in  further 
service  for  the  Commonwealth  in  the  present  ex- 
pedition by  sea,  and  cannot  himself  look  after  the 
settling  of  the  said  estate."  The  expedition  was 
the  disastrous  West  Indian  undertaking  led  by 
Penn  and  Venables. 

After  all  the  favors  which  the  Parliament  and 
Cromwell  could  grant  Penn,  on  the  2')th  of  De- 
cember, a  few  days  after  he  left  Spithead,  he  sent 
word  to  Prince,  subsequently  Charles  II.,  that  he 
was  ready  to  place  the  whole  fleet  at  his  disposal, 
and  run  it  into  any  port  he  might  designate. 
Granville  Penn  admits  this,  and  accounts  for  it  by 
the  desire  of  his  ancestor  to  see  the  king  supplant 
Cromwell  "as  the  only  means  of  restoring  health 
and  soundness  to  his  disordered  country."  Clar- 
endon records  Penn's  ti'eacherous  act.  Penn's  ac- 
ceptance of  the  command  of  the  expedition,  and 
his  seeking  and  obtaining  a  very  valuable  grant 
from  Cromwell,  make  the  proposed  surrender  of 
his  fieet  to  Charles  II.  an  infamous  offer.  It  was 
the  deliberate  and  wicked  expression  of  a  deceitful 
and  selfish  heart. 


Penn  was  thrown  into  prison  after  his  return 
from  the  West  Indies,  and,  according  to  Dixon,  he 
sent  a  humble  petition  to  the  Council,  in  which  he 
confessed  his  faults  and  threw  himself  upon  the 
mercy  of  Cromwell,  who  generously  restored  him 
to  freedom.  Alter  this,  pretending  to  give  up  pol- 
itics, he  retired  to  Ireland,  and  upon  the  very  estate 
given  him  by  the  Protector  "he  used  his  whole  in- 
fluence to  prepare  in  secret  a  way  for  the  return  of 
the  exiled  princes."  And  on  the  deposition  of 
Richard  Cromwell,  even  Monk  was  not  a  more  un- 
blushing betrayer  of  the  liberties  of  his  country 
than  Admiral  Penn.  Charles  II.  kniglitccl  him  in 
Holland  for  his  treason  to  the  people  of  England. 
Dixon,  in  his  "  Historical  Biography  of  William 
Penn,"  says  of  the  admiral,  "The  cavalier  who 
stood  by  his  prince  through  all  the  changes  of  for- 
tune may  be  admired,  even  by  a  Republican  ;  but 
for  the  man  who  seeks  a  trust  merely  to  betray  it, 
who  uses  the  sword  to  strike  the  hand  he  voluntarily 
sweai's  to  defend,  no  term  of  reprehension  is  too 
strong.  Admiral  Penn's  case  was  one  of  peculiar 
baseness,  for  he  added  ingratitude  to  treason." 
The  American  army,  in  the  Revolution,  had  one 
notorious  general  who  tried  to  serve  the  king  of 
England  in  the  spirit  which  governed  Admiral 
Penn. 

William  Penn,  the  founder  of  this  State,  learned 
bis  ideas  of  liberty  from  Algernon  Sidney,  and  not 
from  his  father,  who  never  was  a  Baptist.  His 
views  of  freedom  were  broad  and  generous  for  that 
day.  But  the  Baptists  before  and  during  his  time 
were  far  in  advance  of  Penn  or  his  teachers  in  their 
knowledge  and  application  of  religious  liberty. 
Hepworth  Dixon  says  that  at  Chester,  in  1682, 
Penn's  first  legislative  assembly  met  in  the 
Friends'  meeting-house  with  the  great  Quaker, 
and  they  passed  laws  in  conformity  with  Penn's 
"  Frame  of  Government,"  issued  by  him  in  London 
some  time  before.  One  of  these  gave  liberty  to  the 
people  to  believe  "  any  doctrines  not  destructive  to 
the  peace  and  honor  of  civil  society,"  and  another 
declared  "that  every  Christian  man  of  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  unstained  by  crime,  should  he  diyihie 
to  elect  or  he  elected  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Par- 
liament." According  to  this  law,  no  Israelite  or 
unbeliever  in  Christ  could  vote  in  Penn's  terri- 
tories. This  was  William  Penn's  own  doctrine. 
In  Rhode  Island,  in  1647,  under  the  guidance  of 
Roger  Williams,  laws  were  made  giving  equal  lib- 
erty to  men  of  all  creeds  and  of  none.  And  this 
was  the  doctrine  of  Baptists  for  ages  before  that 
time. 

See  Southey's  "  Lives  of  the  British  Admirals,'' 
V.  240.  London,  1837.  "Memorials  of  Sir  AVil- 
liam  Penn,"  by  Granville  Penn,  i.  04;  ii.  17,  20; 
ii.  15,  141.  London,  1833.  Neal's  "History  of  the 
Puritans,"    ii.    466.      Dublin,    1755.      Macaulay's 


PENNEPEK 


901 


PENN,syLVAMA 


"Histofy  of  Ensliiml."  i.  125.  Boston,  1854. 
Clarendon's  "  History  of  the  Rebellion,'  iii.  576. 
0.\ford,  1706.  William  llepworth  Dixon's  "  His- 
torical Biography  of  William  Penn,"  2:!,  25,27,  201, 
202. 
Pennepek,  or  Lower  Dublin  Church.— 'I'h Is 

is  the  oldest  Baptist  cluirch  in  Pennsylvania.  The 
Cold  Spring  church  existed  before  it,  but  dissolved 
in  a  few  years.  Its  edihce  is  in  the  twenty-third 
wanl  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  beautiful  rural  region, 
a  few  rods  from  the  Pennepek  Creek,  where  candi- 
dates have  been  immersed  from  the  organization 
of  the  church.  This  church  is  the  seat  (cathedra) 
from  which  the  influences  and  the  men  went  forth 
who  organized  the  earliest  churches  in  Pennsylva- 
nia and  in  New  Jersey. 

It  was  founded  by  Elias  Keach,  whose  father 
was  a  distinguished  Baptist  minister  and  author  in 
London,  in  the  month  of  January,  1688.  Its  con- 
stituent members  were  Elias  Keach.  John  Eaton, 
George  Eaton  and  Jane,  his  wife,  Sarah  Eaton, 
Samuel  Jones,  John  Baker,  Samuel  Vans,  Joseph 
Ashton  and  Jane,  his  wife,  William  Fisher,  and 
John  Watts.  Mr.  Keach  was  elected  pastor,  and 
Samuel  Vaus  w.as  chosen  and  ordained  a  deacon. 
Mr.  Keach  was  an  apostle  in  zeal  and  labors  to 
win  souls  to  Jesus.  He  preached  in  i'hiladelphia, 
Chester,  Salem,  Middletown,  Cohansey,  Burling- 
ton, Trenton,  and  elsewhere.  The  Lord  greatly 
blessed  these  missionary  efforts,  and  a  branch  of 
the  Pennepek  church  was  formed  in  each  preach- 
ingstation.  Morgan  Edwards  saysof  these  branches, 
"  They  were  all  one  church,  and  Pennepek  the  cen- 
tre of  union,  where  as  many  as  eoulil  met  to  cele- 
brate the  death  of  Christ ;  and  for  the  sake  of  distant 
members  they  administered  the  ordinance  quarterly 
at  Burlington,  Cohansey,  Salem,  and  Philadelphia." 
In  about  three  years  Middletown,  Piscataqua,  and 
Cohansey  became  churches.  Mr.  Keach  returned 
to  Englan<l  in  1002.  John  Watts,  a  member  of  the 
church,  succeeded  Mr.  Keach  as  pastor.  In  1700, 
Mr.  Watts,  at  the  request  of  the  church,  prepared  a 
catechism,  which  was  also  intended  for  a  confession 
of  faith,  and  the  work  was  published  that  year.  In 
1707  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  near  the  site 
of  the  present  church  ;  the  building  was  25  feet 
square.  In  1770  a  new  house  was  built,  33  by  30. 
The  third  church  edifice  was  reared  in  1805,  and  it 
stands  to-day  a  substantial  and  capacious  struc- 
ture, ai'ound  which  hallowed  memories  cluster. 
Many  other  churches,  including  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia,  owe  their  origin  to  the 
Pennepek  community. 

During  a  period  of  six  years  there  were  no  bap- 
tisms in  the  Pennepek  church,  though  it  was  fa- 
vored by  the  pastoral  labors  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jones, 
one  of  the  most  talented  and  godly  men  that 
preached  the  gospel  in  tlie  United  States.     At  the 


close  of  this  time  of  barrenness  a  revival  commenced 
in  1S04,  which  lasted  for  about  six  years. 

Th(!  Petinepek  church  is  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Association  at  this  day,  which  came  into 
existence  under  her  auspices.  The  church  has  had 
twenty  pastors,  and  has  sent  forth  twenty-two  per- 
.sons  to  preach  the  gospel. 

Pennsylvania  Baptists.— Thomas  Dungan,  an 
i;ld  minister,  came  from  Khode  Island  to  the  col- 
ony of  Penn  in  16S4.  He  gathered  a  church  at 
Cold  Spring,  near  Bristol,  Bucks  County,  "  of 
which,"  says  Morgan  Edwards  in  1770,  "nothing 
remains  but  a  grave-yard  and  the  names  of  the 
families  that  belonged  to  it, — the  Dungans,  Gard- 
ners, Woods,  Doyles,  etc."  He  died  in  1688,  and 
was  buried  at  Cold  Spring.  Even  the  grave-yard 
has  disappeared  now,  and  only  the  foundations  of 
a  wall  can  be  traced,  which  formed  a  part  of  the 
church  or  a  portion  of  the  cemetery  wall.  The 
church  itself  disbanded  after  a  brief  but  useful  ex- 
istence. 

The  second  church  founded  in  Pennsylvania  was 
the  Lower  Dulilin,  or  Pennepek.  In  the  year  1686, 
Elias  Keach,  of  London,  a  wild  young  man,  arrived 
in  Philadelphia.  He  dressed  in  black  and  wore 
bauds  to  pass  for  a  minister.  He  obtained  an  op- 
portunity to  preach  in  the  house  of  a  Baptist  in 
Lower  Dublin,  and  when  he  had  spoken  for  some 
time  he  "  stopped  short,  looked  like  a  man  aston- 
ished, and  the  audience  concluded  that  he  had  been 
seized  with  some  sudden  disorder."  But  they 
speedily  learned  that  he  was  deeply  convicted  of 
sin.  He  went  to  Father  Dungan,  of  Cold  Spring, 
who  pointed  him  to  Jesus:  he  soon  had  peace  in 
believing,  and  he  was  baptized  and  ordained  by 
Mr.  Dungan.  He  formed  a  church  of  twelve  per- 
sons at  Pennepek  in  Jaiiuary,  1688,  and  became 
their  pastor,  lie  labored  with  burning  zeal,  and, 
considering  the  difficulties,  with  astonishing  suc- 
cess, tlirougb  Pennsylvania  and  New  .Jersey,  and 
established  missions  at  "the  Falls  (Trenton),  Bur- 
lington, Cohansey,  Salem,  Pennsneck,  Chester,  and 
Philadelphia,"  and  he  maintained  preaching  at 
Cold  Spring  and  Middletown.  He  had  the  zeal  of 
an  enthusiast,  and  "  he  was  considered  the  chief 
apostle  of  the  Baptists  in  these  parts  of  America." 
He  returned  to  his  birthplace  in  1()'.12.  but  the  mis- 
sions in  several  cases  became  churclies,  and  the 
spirit  ho  planted  in  these  communities  created  the 
Philadelphia  Association  a  few  years  after  he  left 
the  colony. 

The  Great  Valley  church  was  constituted  in 
1711.  The  Brandy  wine  church  was  formed  in 
1715.  The  Montgomery  church  was  organized  in 
1719.  The  Tulpehocken  church  was  founded  in 
1738,  and  the  Southampton  in  1746.  The  Phila- 
delphia church  had  an  existence  cither  as  a  branch 
of  Lower  Dublin  or  as  an  independent  community 


PENNSYLVANIA 


902 


PENNSYLVANIA 


from  1698,  the  former  ia  the  more  probable.  But 
in  1746,  to  settle  doubts  on  this  question  and  to 
protect  legacies,  the  church  was  formally  incorpo- 
rated. The  New  Britain  church  was  orj;anized  in 
1754,  and  the  Vincent  in  177<l. 

Since  our  national  independence  was  secured, 
about  200  churches  have  arisen  in  the  counties  east 
of  the  Susquehanna  River  and  its  North  Branch. 
Some  of  these  became  extinct,  or  changed  names 
and  locations,  so  that  a  clear  and  complete  sketch 
of  thoni  all,  however  interesting,  would  be  entirely 
impracticable  in  this  work. 

The  first  kmiwn  English  Baptist  preacher  on  the 
Susquehanna  was  the  first  person  named  as  slain 
in  the  first  Wyoming  massacre,  in  1763.  He  was 
William  Marsh,  a  New  England  Separatist,  but 
came  from  AVantago,  N.  J.,  into  Pennsylvania. 
The  first. church  was  formed  in  Pittston,in  Decem- 
ber, 1776.  The  first  Baptists  in  Northern  Penn- 
sylvania were  from  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island, 
Massachusetts,  Virginia,  New  York,  and  New  Jer- 
sey. They  were  Revolutionary  soldiers  and  pio- 
neers of  the  settlements,  both  ministers  and  private 
members. 

A  portion  of  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  was 
taken  up  by  Virginians.  There  were  Baptists 
among  them,  and  a  church  was  founded  at  Augh- 
wick,  Huntingdon  Co.,  in  1776 ;  at  Konoloway, 
Bedford,  in  1764  ;  at  Sideling  Hill,  Pulton,  in  1790  ; 
at  Turkeyfoot,  Somerset,  in  1775;  at  Great  Bethel 
(Uniontown),  Fayette,  in  1770;  at  Goshen,  (ireene, 
in  1773  ;  at  Peter's  Creek,  Washington,  in  1773  ; 
at  Pigeon  Creek,  in  1775;  Loyallianna,  in  1775; 
Forks  of  Yough,  in  1777.  Enon  church  arose  in 
1791;  Beulah,  Cambria  Co.,  in  1797;  Pittsburgh 
in  1812.  These  facts  show  the  progress  of  settle- 
ments, without  attempting  details  of  the  scores  of 
churches  which  have  arisen  on  and  west  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna. 

ASSOCIATIONS 

are  yearly  meetings  of  messengers  of  churches 
combining  for  .spiritual  improvement,  to  ascertain 
changes,  and  to  confer  as  to  measures  for  promoting 
their  sentiments.  Their  powers  are  advisory.  The 
following  are  the  regular  Baptist  Associations  in 
Pennsylvania: 

1707. — Philadelphia,  the  first  Association  in 
America,  now  174  years  nld. 

1776. — Redstone,  in  Southwestern  Pennsylvania, 
finally  alisorbed  by  others  al)Out  1841. 

1807. — -Vbington,  in  Lackawanna  County,  and 
west  and  north  of  it. 

1809. — Beaver,  on  west  central  border  of  the 
State. 

1821. — Northumberland,  in  the  east-central 
(Lewisburg)  region. 

1823. — French  Creek,  in  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  State. 


1826. — Bridgewater,  out  of  old  Susquehanna,  in 
Susquehanna  County  and  eastern  Bradford. 

1830. — Centre,  a  missionary  body  in  the  Juniata 
River  region. 

1831. — Central  Union,  in  and  west  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

1832. — Mcmongahela,  a  missionary  body,  south- 
ward of  Pittslmrgh. 

1835. — Bradford,  North,  mostly  from  Old-School 
Chemung. 

1837. — Clarion,  north-central,  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains. 

1839. — Pittsburgh,  in  and  around  that  city. 

1843. — Wyoming,  from  Bridgewater,  in  Wyo- 
ming and  Luzerne  Counties. 

1843. — Tioga,  from  Bradford,  mustly  in  Tioga 
County,  northern  tier. 

1847. — Clearfield,  central,  both  sides  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies. 

1848.— North  Philadelphia,  from  Pliiladelpliia 
and  Central  Union. 

1859. — Ten-Mile,  southwest  corner  of  the  State. 

1865. — Oil  ('reek  Association  was  formed. 

1870. — Wayne,  from  Abington,  northeast  corner 
of  the  State. 

1875. — Reading,  in  east-central,  or  Schuylkill 
coal  region. 

1876. — Indiana,  south  of  Clarion,  west  of  the 
Alleghanies. 

1878. — Wheeling,  in  Western  Pennsylvania  and 
West  Virginia. 

East  Pennsylvania  Welsh  Association  is  more 
than  twenty  years  old. 

There  are  .about  forty  Welsh  churches,  and  half 
a  dozen  German,  of  the  regular  Baptist  faith  not 
connected  with  English  Associations 

All  our  churches  in  Potter  and  McKean  Coun- 
ties, and  a  number  of  the  others  on  the  northern 
tier,  associate  with  bodies  in  New  York  State. 

There  are  23  Associations  in  this  State,  568 
churches,  and  64,572  members.  There  are  503 
Sundiiy-schools  reported,  with  6120  officers  and 
teachers,  and  50,860  scholars.  Six  Associations 
make  no  report  of  Sunday-schools,  when  most 
probably  every  church  has  one. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  Pennsylvania  was 
chiefly  settled  by  Scotch-Irish  and  Germans,  that 
is,  by  people  intensely  Presbyterian  or  tenaciously 
Lutheran,  nearly  the  most  difficult  material  on 
earth  out  of  which  to  make  Baptists,  and  that  few 
members  of  our  denomination,  comparatively,  came 
from  Europe,  the  progress  of  the  Baptists  is  re- 
markable. 

EDUCATION. 

Pennsylvanians  led  in  forming  the  first  Baptist 
academy  in  this  country, — Isaac  Eaton's,  at  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  1756, — and  also  in  establishing  their 
first  college, — Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I., 


PENNHYLVANIA 


903 


PENXSrHAXLl 


in  1766.  Dr.  Samuel  Jones  conducted  an  academy 
at  Lower  Dublin  from  1766  to  1794.  In  1H14  an 
education  society  for  the  Middle  States  was  formed 
in  Pliiladelpliia.  Its  masterspirit,  Dr.  William 
Stauf^liton,  had  for  some  years  taken  ministerial 
students  to  his  liome  for  private  instruction,  and 
in  1S18  he  and  Prof.  Irah  Chase  hired  rooins  for 
the  same  object.  The  institution  was  removed  to 
Washington  City,  and  in  1821  appeared  as  Colum- 
bian College.  The  Hamilton  (N.  Y.)  Institution, 
now  called  Madisoti  University,  received  material 
aid  from  Pennsylvania.  In  1832  tlie  Northumber- 
land Association  proposed  a  Manual  Labor  Acad- 
emy, principally  to  aid  ministerial  students,  but 
waived  it  in  favor  of  the  proposal  of  Philadelphia 
brethren  to  found  an  institution  at  Haddington. 
And  when  the  Haddington  effort  failed,  the  North- 
umberland friends  rallied,  and  in  1S46,  Prof.  S.  W. 
Taylor  opened  a  high  school,  which  developed  into 
a  college,  with  academic  and  theological  depart- 
ments, and  a  female  institute,  now  called  tlie  Uni- 
versity of  Lewisburg.  By  amicable  arrangement, 
the  theological  department  was,  in  1868,  trans- 
ferred to  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  at  Upland, 
Delaware  Co. 

The  academies  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
Baptists  of  the  State  are  five  in  number;  the  Uni- 
versity Academy,  at  Lewisburg,  founded  in  1846; 
the  Reid  Institute,  in  Clarion  County,  established 
in  18C3  ;  Monongahela  College  Academy,  in  Greene 
County,  instituted  in  1867  ;  Keystone  Academy,  in 
Wyoming  County,  opened  in  1868 ;  and  Mount 
Pleasant  Institute,  in  Westmoreland  County, 
founded  in  1873.  The  University  Female  Insti- 
tute at  Lewisburg  is  not  included  in  the  above 
list.  It  is  the  only  ladies'  institute  within  the 
State,  and  is  connected  with  the  university,  thus 
enjoying  peculiar  a<lvantages.  It  embraces  a  regu- 
lar college  course,  and  has  hitherto  been  awarded 
a  large  share  of  public  patronage. 

During  the  past  year  the  number  of  instructors 
attached  to  these  academies  was  37,  and  the  num- 
ber of  students  641.  At  a  very  low  valuation,  the 
amount  invested  in  these  schools  is  §160,000. 
These  institutions  are  of  recent  origin,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved that  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  will  soon 
start  new  schools  in  other  localities. 

LITERATURE. 

The  first  known  American  work  in  favor  of  dis- 
tinct Baptist  principles  is  attributed  to  John  Watts, 
of  Pennopek,  and  was  printed  in  the  year  1700. 
It  was  designed  mostly  for  children  and  youth. 
No  copy  of  it  is  known  to  the  public.  Morgan  Ed- 
wards, of  Philadelphia,  wrote  historical  sketches 
of  priceless  value  of  the  Baptists  in  several  of  the 
colonies.  Doctors  S.  Jones,  Rogers,  Staughton, 
Ilolcombe,  Belcher,  Malcom,  Curtis,  Brantly,  Sr., 


Ira  M.  Allen,  Geo.  B.  Ide,  and  J.  Newton  Brown 
among  the  dead,  and  H.  G.  Jones,  .Jr.,  Anderson, 
Magoon,  Cathcart,  Pendleton,  Dyer,  Spencer,  J. 
Wheaton  Smith,  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  Francis  Jen- 
nings, •).  Spencer  Kennard,  .Justin  R.  Loomis,  and 
others  among  the  living.  Robert  Lowry's  hymns 
are  sung  around  the  world.  Any  attempt  to  name 
the  books,  or  other  most  worthy  products  from  the 
pen  of  our  people,  might  seem  invi<!ious,  and  it  is 
hardly  possible  to  make  such  a  record  complete. 

The  following  are  names  of  Baptist  periodicals 
that  have  been  or  are  still  issued  in  Philadelphia: 
Lalter-l)ay  Luminary,  Christian  Index,  The  World 
as  it  is  and  as  it  should  he,  lieligioits  Narrator, 
Christian  Gazette,  Baptist  Retard .  Christian  Chrou- 
iHc,  National  Baptist.  Baptist  Quarterly,  and  sev- 
eral for  children  and  Sunday-schools,  with  millions 
of  pages  of  tracts  and  books  from  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society. 

From  182.1  to  1827,  at  Montrose,  Davis  Dimock 
issued  the  Baptist  Mirror,  or  Christian  Mayazini'. 
In  1827,  Eugenio  Kincaid,  at  Milton,  published  a 
Literary  and  Evangelical  Heyister.  And  Pittsburgh 
has  furnished  one  or  more  jieriodicals  adapted  to 
the  wants  of  Western  Pennsylvania. 

BENEVOLENCE. 

Early  minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  Association 
are  very  meagre,  yet  they  give  proofs  of  •■fforts  to 
send  the  gospel  to  the  destitute  at  home,  to  use 
the  press  for  the  common  good,  and  to  aid  young 
men  in  preparing  to  be  able  ministers  of  the  New 
Testament.  Before  and  after  the  Revolution  they 
sent  evangelists  into  the  new  fields  on  the  Susque- 
hanna, and  at  an  early  day  they  transmitted  money 
to  Hindoostan,  and  to  Burmah  soon  after  missions 
were  opened  there. 

In  1800  a  Philadelphia  Domestic  Mission  So- 
ciety was  formed.  In  1810  they  reported  seven 
men  in  their  service, — Thomas  Smiley,  on  the 
West  Branch  ;  Thomas  d.  Jones,  in  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  ;  Henry  George,  at  Owl  Creek,  in  Ohio; 
William  West,  near  Lake  Erie ;  and  Brethren  Mon- 
tague, Bateman,  and  Cooper  on  both  sides  of  the 
Delaware.  In  1827  the  Philadelphia  and  other 
similar  local  societies  began  their  union  as  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Association  of  Peinisylvania. 
At  its  semi-centennial,  in  1877,  it  reported  a  total 
expenditure  of  !?282,189  in  its  fifty  years'  work, 
during  which  it  had  aided  233  churches  and  made 
1430  appointments  of  home  missionaries,  who  had 
reported  about  I7,iUU)  baptisms. 

The  Baptist  General  Tract  Society,  formed  in 
Washington  City  in  1S24,  came  to  Philadelphia  in 
1826,  and  is  now  known  as  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society.  It  has  constantly  enlarged 
its  power  in  the  production  of  wholesome  reading, 
its  business  department  aiding  its  large  outlays  in 


PENNSYLVANIA 


904 


PKNTKCOST 


benevolence.  It  was  m;iny  years  located  at  530 
Arch  Street,  but  now  has  spacious  and  eligible  ac- 
cominodations,  as  demiminational  ami  boiilc  bcail- 
quarters,  at  1420  Ohestiiiit  Streot. 

The  Pennsylvania  Haptist  Education  Society, 
founded  in  l.S.'J'J,  has  vigorously  jirosccuted  its 
aims,  with  great  advantages  to  the  rising  ministry, 
and  through  them  to  the  church  and  to  the  world. 

Among  the  promoters  of  every  good  enterprise 
may  generally  l)e  found  a  fair  proportion  of  Penn- 
sylvania Baptists.  In  the  first  national  foreign 
mission  meeting  were  Staughton,  Rogers,  IIol- 
combe,  Proudfoot,  Randall,  White,  Peckworth,  H. 
G.  Jones,  Sr.,  Hough,  and  Mathias.  The  Baptists 
of  Pennsylvania  are  generous  contributors  to  home 
and  foreign  olijects. 

Tlie  university  at  Lewisburg  lias  extensive  and 
beautiful  buililings  and  a  handsome  endowment. 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  in  its  home  and  in  its 
endowment,  is  a  monument  of  liberality.  The  white 
marble  house  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  cost  §258,000,  is  entii-ely  out  of  del)t,  and 
was  paid  for  chiefly  by  Pennsylvanians.  The  fiftv- 
si.t  Baptist  churches  of  Pliiladelpliia  have  a  greater 
number  of  splendid  church  edifices  than  any  one  of 
the  other  denominations  in  the  city,  and  they  are 
nearly  all  free  from  debt. 

The  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  are  thoroughly 
united,  and  they  are  praying,  working,  and  giving 
to  spread  the  knowledge  of  Jesus  in  a  way  that  in- 
spires the  hope  that  in  twenty  years,  with  God's 
blessing,  they  will  double  their  numbers. 

Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society, 
The,  was  organized  Sept.  IS,  1S39,  in  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia.  It  has  extended 
aid  to  about  500  students.  It  is  believed  that  over 
300  ministers  thus  aided  are  now  in  active  service 
in  home  and  foreign  fields.  The  experience  of  the 
past  forty  years  fully  justifies  us  in  stating  that 
such  organizations  are  of  vital  necessity.  In  the 
workings  of  this  society,  each  year  is  .strictly  pro- 
bationary, and  students  failing  to  meet  just  expec- 
tations are  droppeil  from  the  list.  The  society  is 
not  in  formal  connection  with  any  institution  of 
learning,  but  holds  itself  at  liberty  to  give  aid  to 
students  studying  outside  of  Pennsylvania,  when 
adequate  reasons  for  the  selection  are  given.  The 
appropriations  given  to  students  are  designed  to 
cover  the  cost  of  cheap  boarding  and  the  expense 
of  tuition.  They  have  varied  in  ditferent  periods 
from  .§80  annually  to  S150.  The  present  maximum 
gr.ant  is  Si  10. 

The  officers  for  1881  are  Thomas  J.  Iloskinson, 
President;  Levi  Knowles,  Treasurer:  Rev.  G.  M. 
Spratt,  D.  D.,  Correspomiing  Secretary  ;  Rev.  Jacob 
G.  Walker,  Recording  Secretary.  Twenty  mem- 
bers constitute  the  board  of  managers. 

Dr.  Spratt  has  made  the  society,  in  his  many  years 


of  service,  the  most  successful  agency  for  its  ob- 
ject in  this  country.     The  receipts  last  year  were 
S12,000,  and  tliere  were  fiS  students  who  received 
assistance. 
Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association 

was  founded  .luly  4,  IS2T,  in  the  Bloekley  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia.  The  organization  of  the 
society  was  perfected  in  the  autumn  of  the  same 
year.  It  is  purely  a  State  missionary  institution. 
Rev.  William  E.  Ashton  was  its  first  president. 
Hon.  .James  M.  Linnard  held  that  office  with 
remarkable  usefulness  for  twenty-seven  years. 
During  the  first  half-century  of  its  existence  it 
has  had  on  an  average  29  missionaries  a  year  in 
its  employment,  and  it  issued  1430  commissions. 
In  that  period  it  formed  or  fostered  233  of  the 
Baptist  churches  of  the  State,  some  of  which  to- 
day are  the  strongest  and  most  flourishing  in  Penn- 
sylvania. During  the  fourteen  years'  secretaryship 
of  the  Rev.  L.  G.  Beck  the  sum  of  §172,000  was 
raised  for  the  Association,  and  the  churches  in- 
creased from  424  to  553,  and  the  members  from 
40,000  to  03,500.  The  Association  has  accomplished 
a  grand  work,  and  it  is,  at  this  time,  in  a  state  of  ■ 
efficiency  that  inspires  exalted  hopes  for  coming 
days. 

In  1880  it  employed  42  missionaries.  Its  income 
was  $14,914.43.  Rev.  R.  II.  Austin  was  its  presi- 
dent, and  Rev.  W.  II.  Conard  its  corresponding 
secretary. 

Pennsylvania,  "Western,  Classical  and  Scien- 
tific Institute  is  located  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Pa., 
about  forty  miles  southeast  of  Pittsburgh,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  rail.  Tlie  academy  is  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountains,  in  a  rich  farming  region. 
Its  site  affords  a  commanding  view  of  the  town 
and  the  surrounding  country.  Its  buildings  are 
spacious,  and  possess  every  convenience  and  com- 
fort. 

Mount  Pleasant  has  seven  evangelical  churches, 
with  a  substantial  membership  in  each,  and  other 
religious  bodies,  with  regular  preaching.  No  in- 
toxicating liquors,  according  to  law,  can  be  sold  in 
Mount  Pleasant,  or  within  two  miles  of  it. 

The  school  was  organized  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Pittsburgh,  Monongahela,  and  Be.aver  Baptist 
Associations.  It  w.as  opened  in  1873,  and  its  growth 
has  been  constant  until  it  is  now  self-sustaining. 
Both  sexes  are  admitted  to  its  .idvantages,  and  they 
are  about  equally  represented  in  its  classes.  It  has 
usually  six  teachers.  It  imparts  a  first-cla.ss  aca- 
demical education,  and  it  is  now  a  blessing  to  the 
section  of  the  State  where  its  advantages  have  been 
so  extensively  enjoyed. 

Pentecost,  Rev.  Hugh  0.,  son  of  Hugh  L.  and 
Emma  (Flower)  Pentecost,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1848, 
at  New  Harmony,  Ind. ;  educated  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity. N.  Y.,  where  he  took  a  select  course ;  or- 


riU'PER 


905 


PERU  Y 


dained  in  1X71,  at  luit-kville  Centre,  Long  Island, 
and  settled  as  pastor  ;  second  settlement  was  witli 
the  Calvary  Baptist  church  in  Westerly,  R.  I., 
Aug.  4,  1875;  third  settlement  with  South  Baptist 
church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  May  1,  1878  ;  has  re- 
cently become  pastor  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  an  able, 
successful,  and  devoted  minister. 

Pepper,  Prof.  George  Dana  Boardman,  D.D., 


the  youngest  son  of  .Idh 


a  K 


Hutchinson 


PROF.  GEORGE    D.WA    BOARDMAN    I'El'PER,   D.U. 

Pepper,  was  born  in  Ware,  Mass.,  Feb.  5,  1S33. 
Ilis  parents  were  members  of  a  Baptist  church  in 
which  his  father  was  a  deacon,  so  that  from  in- 
fancy the  future  professor  lived  in  an  atmosphere 
of  Christian  intluenco.  Though  the  subject  of 
positive  religious  experiences  when  not  more  than 
seven  or  eight  years  old,  it  was  not  until  May  4, 
1856,  that  he  publicly  professed  faith  in  Christ  by 
baptism,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  his  native  town.  After  a  thorough  aca- 
demical preparation  for  college  he  entered  Amherst, 
in  which  he  graduated  in  1857,  ranking  third  in 
his  class.  lie  entered  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary after  leaving  Amherst,  and  took  the  full 
course.  After  leaving  Newton  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Waterville,  Me.,  the 
seat  of  Colby  University.  In  1865  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  Newton  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  which  he  occupied  with  so  much 
acceptance  and  success  that  he  was  elected  to  the 
professorship  of  (Christian  Theology  in  the  newly 
establislied  school  at  Upland,  Pa.,  the  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  He  spent  one  year  in  prepara- 
58 


tion  for  the  duties  of  the  new  position,  upon  the 
discharge  of  which  he  entered  in  the  autumn  of 
1868  ;  and  he  continues  in  that  institution  still, 
giving  his  able  co-operation  in  moulding  the  prin- 
ciples and  characters  of  men,  not  a  few  of  whom 
have  already  taken  an  honored  place  in  the  Baptist 
ministry. 

Several  of  his  discussions  of  denominational  and 
other  theological  questions  have  been  published  in 
reviews,  in  pamphlets,  and  otherwise.  For  eight 
years  he  prepared  for  the  Baptist  Teacher  the  ex- 
positions of  the  International  Sunday-School  Les- 
sons. This  effort  involvcil  and  exhibited  great 
learning,  given  in  wisely  simple  terms.  And  it  is 
doubtful  if  the  same  work  was  ever  performed  as 
well  by  another.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of 
respectable  dimensions  on  "  Outlines  of  Theology," 
which  he  has  not  given  to  the  public,  and  which 
he  uses  in  his  class  with  so  much  success  that  his 
students  leave  him  the  e(|uals  of  the  best-trained 
theological  graduates  in  our  country,  and  the  su- 
periors of  many  of  their  young  brethren.  Prof. 
Popper  is  a  man  of  extreme  gentleness  and  mod- 
esty, of  the  highest  culture,  the  deepest  piety,  and 
the  greatest  worth.  Mrs.  Pepper  is  well  and 
widely  known  as  a  very  able  and  efficient  worker 
in  every  department  of  the  Master's  kingdom, 
especially  in  the  cause  of  missions. 

Periodicals. — See  article  on  Baptist   Litera- 

Tl'RE. 

Perkins,  Rev.  Isaac,  a  native  of  Georgia,  re- 
moved to  Arkansas  about  1830,  and  gathered  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  Southwestern  Arkansas, 
lie  died  in  Hempstead  County  in  18.52.  He  was 
moderator  of  Saline  .Vssociation  for  about  twelve 
years. 

Perren,  Rev.  Charles,  the  pastor  of  the  West- 
ern Avenue  l!a[itist  church,  Cliicago,  was  born 
Oct.  22,  183'.l.  His  conversion  took  place  when  he 
was  fourteen  years  of  age.  Deciding  to  study  for 
the  ministry,  he  entered  the  Canadian  Literary  In- 
stitute, at  Woodstock,  Ontario,  where  he  graduated 
from  the  department  of  Arts,  and  that  of  Theology. 
In  1862  he  was  ordained  at  Vienna,  Ontario.  Sub- 
sequently, upon  passing  the  senior  examination  of 
the  theological  seminary  at  Chicago,  he  received 
the  degree  of  B.D.  in  that  institution.  His  former 
pastorates  have  been  at  (icorgetown  and  St.  Cath- 
erine's, Ontario.  He  has  held  his  present  one  in 
Chicago  some  three  years,  enjoying  to  an  unusual 
degree  tlu;  confidence  and  affection  of  the  people 
he  serves. 

Perry,  Hon.  Eli,  was  bom  in  Cambridge,  Wash- 
ington Co.,  .\.  v..  Dec.  25,  1799,  and  died  May  17, 
1881.  In  early  life  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Bar- 
tholomew Welsli  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Pearl 
Street  church,  .\lbaiiy.  He  was  possessed  of  a 
large   mind  and  a  generous    heart.      Christ  was 


PERRY 


90fi 


PERRY 


«verything  to  him,  and  to  his  cause  he  consecrated 
his  means  and  his  efforts.  He  was  for  many  years 
the  personal  friend  of  tlie  strong  men  who  gave  a 
high  character  to  tlie  Pearl  Street  church,  in  the 
Baptist  denomination,  among  whom  were  Judge 
Ira  Harris,  Friend  Humphrey,  and  John  N.  Wilder. 
Possessing  great  force  of  character,  uncommon 
sagacity,  and  irreproachable  integrity,  combined 
with  quiet  simplicity  and  humility,  he  became  an 
eminent  citizen  whom  every  one  delighted  to  honor. 
For  seventeen  years  he  was  mayor  of  Albany,  a 
longer  period  of  service  in  that  office  than  was  ren- 
dered by  any  of  his  predecessors  since  the  incorpo- 
ration of  the  city.  As  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, and  of  Congress  for  two  successive  terms,  he 
enjoyed  tlie  confidence  of  the  bodies  in  wliose  de- 
liberations he  shared,  and  of  his  constituents.  For 
many  years  he  was  president  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  his  loved  church,  and  for  some  time  an 
honored  deacon.  For  this  community  he  cherished 
a  warm  and  an  abiding  affection.  He  left  S16,000 
to  Emmanuel  church  and  Sunday-school,  and  to 
the  Albany  Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  at  his  death  ;  and 
he  made  provision  in  his  will  that  at  the  decease 
of  his  widow,  after  the  payment  of  several  legacies 
of  SIOOO  each  to  distant  relatives,  his  entire  estate, 
estimated  to  be  worth  S4O0,000,  should  be  divided 
into  five  equal  parts,  and  distributed  as  follows : 
one-fifth  each  to  Rochester  and  Hamilton  Theolog- 
ical Seminaries,  and  one-fifth  each  to  the  Hudson 
River  Baptist  Association  North,  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society.  In  life,  Mr.  Perry  was 
a  generous  contributor  to  all  denominational  and 
charitable  objects,  and  he  made  arrangements  that 
after  death  his  gifts  should  send  forth  streams  of 
beneficence  for  generations.  Few  men  were  more 
loved  in  life  or  more  lamented  after  death. 

Perry,  Prof.  Herman,  A.ll.,  was  born  in  Wy- 
oming, N.  Y.,  Feb.  12,  \>-'li.  Converted  and  bap- 
tized in  early  youth,  and  having  remarkable  natural 
grace  and  great  persuasive  force  in  addressing  re- 
ligious meetings,  he  was  believed  to  be  destined  to 
the  work  of  preaching.  With  the  approval  of  the 
church  ho  studied  for  the  ministry,  graduated  at 
Madisun  University  in  1846,  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.  from  Rochester  University  in  1850,  and  com- 
menced to  preach  ;  but  was  compelled  by  his  deli- 
cate health  to  discontinue.  He  took  charge  suc- 
cessively of  the  academies  at  Richburgh,  N.  Y., 
and  Allegan,  Mich.  For  the  sake  of  his  health  he 
removed  to  California  in  1863,  and  established  at 
Sacramento  "  The  Young  Ladies'  Seminary,"'  which 
took  rank  among  the  best  educational  institutions 
of  the  State.  He  died  Jan.  18, 1876,  and  his  death 
was  felt  to  be  a  great  loss  by  the  Baptists  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  in  whose  educational  and  benevolent 


enterprises  he  had  bi'cn  a  wise  counselor  and  gen- 
erous supporter. 

Perry,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Stanhope, 
X.  J.,  in  November,  ISUG.  While  yet  a  young 
man  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  Rev.  D.  Uodge, 
pa.stor. 

Soon  after  his  marriage  he  removed  to  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  and  took  a  most  prominent  part  in  the  great 
Washingtonian  temperance  movement.  Here  he 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist  church. 
Afterwards  removing  to  Washington,  D.  C,  he  was 
ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Accepting  an  appointment  as  a  home  missionary, 
he  went  to  Fairfax,  Va.,  his  circuit  extending  to 
Richmond.  From  this  field  he  removed,  and  took 
charge  of  the  Haverstraw,  N.  Y.,  Baptist  church. 
From  Haverstraw  he  was  called  to  New  Durham, 
N.  J.,  where  he  toiled  with  wonderful  courage  to 
redeem  the  place  from  the  control  of  rum.  After 
a  struggle  such  as  few  men  have  encountered,  with 
his  life  almost  constantly  in  danger,  he  overthrew 
the  liquor  power,  and  transformed  tlie  village  frcjm 
a  state  of  riotous  Sabbath-breaking  to  a  lovely  and 
quiet  abode.  After  building,  by  strenuous  efforts, 
a  beautiful  church,  he  closed  a  pastorate  of  six 
years,  and  removed  to  Manahawkin,  N.  J.,  and 
spent  two  years  of  hard  and  successful  labor  for 
Christ. 

In  18.59  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Mariners'  Bap- 
tist Bethel,  of  Philadelphia,  where  for  twenty 
years  he  labored  unceasingly  among  the  sailors  of 
the  merchant  service,  and  among  the  seamen  of  the 
U.  S.  navy  on  the  receiving-ship  at  the  Philadel- 
phia navy-yard.  At  this  port,  through  the  gener- 
osity of  Wni.  Bucknell,  Esq.  (still  living],  John 
P.  Crozer,  Capt.  John  Levy  (both  deceased),  and 
others,  he  built  a  neat  church  for  seamen.  At  last, 
after  baptizing  hundreds  of  sailors,  and  many 
others,  be  was  compelled  by  failing  strength  to 
retire  from  the  active  ministry.  Recovering  his 
health  soon  afterwards,  he  entered  with  renewed 
energy  upon  general  and  heaven-blessed  work  for 
his  divine  Master. 

Two  years  of  happy  unflagging  toil  followed, 
when  a  sudden  and  fatal  attack  of  pneumonia  ended 
his  earthly  work,  and  he  went  to  his  reward  Feb. 
14,  1881,  closing  a  life  filled  with  most  thrilling 
incidents  and  adorned  with  Christian  graces. 

Mr.  Perry  was  one  of  the  best  men  in  the  Bap- 
tist ministry  in  Pennsj'lvania. 

Perry,  Rev.  Lewis, — Lewis  Perry,  a  well- 
known  colored  Baptist  preacher  of  North  Caro- 
lina, was  born  in  1804,  and  liecanie  the  body- 
servant  of  Dr.  Wiley  Perry,  an  eminent  phy.sician 
of  Franklin  County,  about  1820,  He  became  a 
lover  of  -Jesus  at  an  early  age,  and  during  the 
great  revival  which  visited  the  village  of  Lewis- 


PERRY 


907 


PERSECUTION 


burg  in  1830,  he  was  eminently  useful  in  instruct- 
ing and  encouraging  struggling  penitents.  He 
possessed  a  voice  of  great  pathos  and  power,  which 
he  used  with  tine  effect  in  singing  and  pr;iyer,  and 
his  preaching,  especially  when  touching  on  re- 
ligious experience,  was  impressive  in  a  high  degree. 

His  education  was  quite  limited.  By  his  own 
unaided  efforts  he  learned  to  read  and  write,  and 
attained  a  useful  knowledge  of  the  simpler  rules 
of  aritlimetic.  lie  was  a  close  student  of  the  Bible 
fur  many  years,  and  few  men  were  better  acquainted 
with  the  teachings  of  the  New  Testament. 

This  good  man  had  secretly  acquired  from  his 
master's  books,  and  a  close  study  of  his  practice,  a 
very  respectable  knowledge  of  medicine  ;  and  such 
was  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  Viy  the  peo- 
ple, and  the  confidence  of  his  master  in  his  judg- 
ment, that  when  Dr.  Perry  had  become  quite  old, 
he  would  frequently  send  Lewis  to  see  his  patients, 
especially  when  called  out  at  night.  Indeed,  the 
old  Baptist  preacher  was  familiarly  known  all  over 
the  county  as  "'  Doctor  Perry'  :  and  so  much  es- 
teemed was  he  as  a  ph^'sician  and  a  nurse  that  a 
young  man  of  his  native  county  left  hini  a  legacy 
of  a  thousand  dollars  for  his  attention  to  him  during 
his  last  illness. 

lie  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-eight,  and  the  respect 
in  which  he  was  held  was  manifested  by  the  very 
hirge  numljer  of  persons  of  all  classes  who  attended 
his  funeral  services. 

Perry,  Rev.  Rafus  L.,  was  born  a  slave  in  Smith 
Co.,  Tenn.,  March  11,  1834.  lie  learned  to  read 
and  write  in  early  life,  which  inspired  him  with 
an  irrepressible  abhorrence  of  slavery,  and  he  ran 
away  to  Canada  in  August,  1852.  He  went  to 
Windsor,  opposite  Detroit,  and  by  hard  study  soon 
became  a  schoolmaster  among  the  large  body  of 
fugitives  who  had  escaped  from  slavery. 

He  was  hopefully  converted  in  1854,  prepared 
for  the  ministry  at  Kalamazoo  Theological  Semi- 
nary with  the  class  of  1861,  and  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Ann  .\rbor, 
Oct.  9,  1801,  by  a  council,  of  which  Rev.  Samuel 
Cornelius  was  moderator,  and  Prof.  James  R.  Boise 
clerk.  He  afterwards  served  as  pastor  at  St.  Cath- 
arines, Ontario,  and  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In  1805  he 
entered  upon  a  general  missionary  and  educational 
work  among  the  freedmen,  and  has,  until  the  pres- 
ent, labored  for  the  education,  evangelization,  and 
general  elevation  of  his  race,  serving  as  super- 
intendent of  schools  for  freedmen,  as  editor  of  the 
Sunbedm,  co-ordinate  editor  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist, editor  of  the  People's  Jnurnal.  and  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Xaliunal  Manitor.  He  was  for 
ten  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the  consoli- 
dated -Vmerican  Baptist  Missionary  Convention, 
and  he  is  at  present  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
American  Educational  Association  and  of  the  Amer- 


ican Baptist  Free  Mission  Society,  and  editor  of  the 

Sulinnnl  Monitor,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Perryman,  Rev.  Elisba,  one  of  the  most  use- 
ful pioneer  preachers  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  was 
born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  fi,  ITO'.I,  of  Welsh 
ancestors,  all  of  whom,  on  both  sides,  as  far  back 
as  known,  were  stanch  Baptists.  His  father  com- 
manded a  company,  raised  by  himself,  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary war,  and,  besides  other  engagements, 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Guilford  Court-House. 
Cornwallis's  army,  and  especially  Tarleton's  troop- 
ers, in  their  ravages,  so  completely  destroyed  his 
property,  when  encamped  within  six  miles  of  his 
house,  that  he  removed  to  Georgia  with  his  family, 
and  settled  on  Big  Kiokee  Creek,  twenty-two  miles 
from  Augusta.  Here  Elisha  Perryman,  after  much 
mental  distress,  was  gloriously  converted  in  May, 
1799.  On  the  third  .Sabbath  in  August,  1801.  he 
was  baptized  by  Abraham  Marshall,  and  joined 
Kiokee  church.  Gradually  the  conviction  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach  grew  upon  him.  He 
studied  by  firelight  at  night :  and  he  made  it  a 
point  to  accompany  Jesse  Mercer  and  Abraham 
Marshall  to  their  appointments,  in  order  to  learn 
the  doctrines  of  Christianity.  He  gave  himself  en- 
tirely to  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  confining  him- 
self to  no  one  section  of  the  country,  but  going 
wherever  destitution  abounded.  In  January,  1810, 
he  removed  to  Warner  County,  and  often  would 
make  preaching  tours  afterwards  through  Mont- 
gomery, Emanuel,  Tatnall,  and  Bullock  Counties, 
and,  at  other  times,  would  make  tours  through 
Richmond,  Burke,  Jefferson,  and  Severn  Counties. 
Again,  he  would  sally  forth  among  the  northern 
counties,  and  even  sometimes  into  South  Carolina, 
traveling  up  and  down  the  Savannah  River.  It 
was  thus  that  the  Bapti.st  pioneer  preachers  of 
Georgia  established  their  principles  in  the  State. 

The  Lord  blessed  him  with  a  strong  constitution, 
and,  though  he  died  Dec.  1,  1857,  in  his  eighty- 
ninth  year,  he  continued  to  preach  with  vivacity 
and  vigor  to  the  last,  calling  upon  sinners  to  flee 
from  the  wrath  to  come. 

Persecution  of  Baptists  in  America. — -Tohn 
Waller,  Lewis  Craig,  and  James  Cliilds.  three  Bap- 
tist ministers,  were  arrested  in  Spottsylvania  Co., 
Va..  '■  for  pre.iching  the  gospel  contrary  to  law," 
and  while  in  prison  they  proclaimed  the  good  news 
to  listening  throngs  through  the  doors  and  windows 
of  the  jail.  In  Middlesex  and  Caroline  Counties, 
Va.,  many  Baptist  ministers  were  imprisoned  for 
preaching :  they  were  subjected  to  the  treatment 
of  common  felons,  and  if  possible  to  worse  indig- 
nities. William  Webber  and  Joseph  Anthony  were 
imprisoned  in  Chesterfield  Co..  Va.,  for  telling  the 
story  of  the  Cross.  .James  Ireland  suffered  impris- 
onment in  Virginia,  and  illegal  and  wicked  efforts 
were  made  to  kill  him  in  jail  because  he  was  a 


PERSRCUTIOX 


yi),s 


PKI{t<KVEIiAKCE 


herald  of  Calvary.  To  keep  the  people  from  hear- 
ing the  imprisoned  preachers,  walls  wore  sometimes 
built  around  the  jails  in  which  tlie^'  were  confined, 
and  half-drunken  outcasts  were  hired  to  beat  drums 
to  drown  their  voices.  When  out  of  prison  in  the 
Old  Dominion  they  were  mobbed ;  while  immersing 
converts  men  on  horseback  would  ride  into  tlie 
water  to  create  a  disturbance.  They  were  often 
interrupted  in  their  discourses  and  insulted,  but 
they  despised  the  jail,  tlie  lash,  and  the  malicious 
jeers.  When  hunted  like  wild  beasts,  and  de- 
nounced as  wolves  in  sheep's  clothing,  they  meekly 
replied,  "  That  if  they  were  wolves  and  their  per- 
secutors the  true  sheep,  it  was  unaccountable  that 
they  should  treat  them  with  such  cruelty  ;  that 
wolves  would  destroy  sheep,  but  that  it  was  never 
known  till  then  that  sheep  would  prey  upon 
wolves."  (Scmple's  History  of  Virginia  Baptists, 
p.  21.) 

In  New  England,  outside  of  Rhode  Island,  our 
brethren  were  frequently  .arrested  for  not  p.iying 
taxes  to  support  the  Congrejiational  clergy.  Women, 
too,  had  their  rights  recognized,  and  they  were  ar- 
rested and  robbed  to  support  the  ministers  of  their 
neighbors.  The  sacred  tax-gatherers  took  from 
the  Baptists  "pewter  dishes,  skillets,  kettles,  pots 
and  warming-pans,  workmen's  tools,  and  spinning- 
wheels:  they  drove  awaj'  geese  and  swine  and 
cows,  and  when  there  was  but  one  it  was  not 
spared.  A  brother  recently  ordained  returned  to 
Sturbridge,  Mass.,  for  his  family,  when  he  was 
thrust  into  prison  and  kept  during  the  cold  winter, 
till  some  one  paid  his  fine  and  secured  his  release. 
3Ir.  D.  Fisk  was  robbed  at  Sturbridge  of  five  pew- 
ter plates  and  a  cow,  J.  Perry  of  the  baby's  cradle 
and  a  steer,  J.  Blunt  of  andirons,  shovel,  and  tongs, 
and  A.  Bloice,  H.  Fisk,  John  Streeter,  Benjamin 
Robbins,  Phenehas  Collier,  John  Newel,  .Josiah 
Perry,  Nathaniel  Smith,  John  Corry,  and  J.  Bar- 
stow  of  spinning-wheels,  household  goods,  cows, 
and  of  their  liberty  for  a  season."  (Backus's 
Churcli  History,  ii.  94,  9.5.  Newton.)  Sturbridge 
was  but  a  specimen  of  what  was  taking  place  all 
over  New  England,  and  of  the  love  cherished  for 
our  Baptist  fathers  by  men  who  only  differed  from 
them  about  baptism.  Early  the  persecution  of 
Baptists  was  commenced  in  New  England  ;  Roger 
Williams  was  compelled  to  fly  from  Salem  to  escape 
illegal  violence  in  163.i  ;  the  meeting-house  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Boston,  in  1677,  was  closed 
by  order  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and 
after  a  little,  when  they  ventured  to  use  it  again, 
the  doors  wei-e  nailed  up  and  a  paper  fastened  on 
them,  which  read,  ''All  persons  are  to  take  notice 
that  by  order  of  the  court  the  doors  of  this  house 
are  shut  up,  and  that  they  are  prohibited  from 
holding  any  meeting  therein  or  to  open  the  doors 
thereof  without  license  from  authority  till  the  Gen- 


eral Court  take  further  order,  as  they  will  answer 

I  the  contrary  at  their  peril."  (Ilildreth's  History 
I  of  the  United  States,  i.  497-499.  New  York.) 
1  The  town  of  Ashfield,  Mass.,  was  settled  by  Bap- 
I  tists,  and  when  it  had  a  few  Congregational  families 
in  it  they  built  a  church,  called  a  minister,  and  then 
laid  a  tax  upon  the  land  to  meet  the  cost  of  the  one 
and  the  support  of  the  other.  The  Baptists  refused 
to  pay  the  church  bills  of  their  Puritan  neighbors. 
and  immediately  the  best  portion  of  the  cultivated 
land  in  the  town  was  seized  and  sold  for  trifling 
sums  to  pay  their  iniquitous  dues.  The  house  and 
garden  of  one  man  were  taken  from  him,  and  the 
young  orchards,  the  meadows,  and  the  cornfields 
of  others.  The  grave-yard  of  the  Baptists  was  ac- 
tually sold  to  liquidate  the  debts  of  a  church  with 
which  they  had  nothing  to  do,  and  to  support  a 
minister  with  whom  they  did  not  intend  to  wor- 
ship. These  properties  were  sold  in  1770  for 
£35.10,  and  they  were  worth  £363.S.  The  Con- 
gregational minister  was  one  of  the  purchasers. 
This  was  but  the  first  payment,  and  two  others 
were  to  follow.  (Minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  Bap- 
tist Association  for  1770,  p.  100.)  Such  were  some 
of  the  countless  wrongs  which  our  fathers  suffered 
even  in  this  land. 

Perseverance,  Final. — The  Saviour  is  the 
Shepherd  of  liis  believing  flock.  He  says,  "  The 
hireling  fleeth,  because  he  is  a  hireling,  and  careth 
not  for  the  sheep.  I  am  the  good  shepherd,  and 
know  my  sheep,  and  am  known  of  mine." — John  x. 
13, 14.  Peter,  speaking  of  Jesus,  says,  "  For  ye  were 
as  sheep  going  astraj' ;  but  are  now  returned  unto 
the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  your  souls." — First 
Epistle  ii.  25.  Christ  will  never  leave  nor  forsake 
his  flock.  Besides,  "  He  that  keepcth  Israel  shall 
not  slumber  nor  sleep.  The  Lord  is  thy  keeper." 
—Psalm  cxxi.  4.  Now,  as  the  Saviour  is  the  shep- 
herd of  his  flock,  as  he  knows  every  one  uf  them, 
is  alw.ays  with  them,  and  never  slumbers,  he  can 
never  lose  a  sheep.  David  risked  his  life  when  a 
mere  stripling  in  killing  a  lion  and  a  bear  to  pro- 
tect his  flock,  and  is  there  any  likelihood  that  the 
omnipotent  -Master  of  heaven  will  be  a  poorer 
shepherd  tlian  David,  and  suffer  the  old  lion  of  the 
pit  to  rob  his  flock  '.' 

'■  His  honor  is  engaged  to  save 
The  DienneBl  of  his  slieej); 
All  that  liis  heavenly  Father  gave 
His  liands  wecurely  keep." 

Christ  never  changes.  lie  knows  everything  in 
the  most  hidden  recesses  of  the  pit,  in  the  secret 
parts  of  .Satan's  heart,  in  the  lurking-places  of 
earth,  and  in  the  concealed  quarters  of  heaven. 
He  has  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  past  and  the 
present ;  and  the  entire  future  lies  bare  before 
him.  "  All  things  are  naked  and  opened  unto  the 
eyes  of  him  with  whom  we  have  to  do."     He  is 


rEUSKl'EliANCE 


909 


PERSEVERAKCE 


without  any  motive  to  cliangp,  and  change  witli 
him  is  iiiipossihle,  unless,  indeed,  some  human 
weakness  should  overtake  the  intellect  that  has 
planned  and  executtjd  the  creation,  lie  commands 
Philip  to  join  the  eunuch's  chariot  and  preach  to 
him  ;  the  evangelist  obeys,  and  soon  the  traveler 
believes  and  is  baptized.  Now,  why  does  the  .Spirit 
liefrin  this  work  if  it  is  ever  to  he  aliandoned  ? 
Could  it  agree  with  Christ's  wisdom  and  purposes 
of  love  to  begin  a  temple  of  salvation  in  the  soul 
which  Satan  was  soon  to  pull  down  and  destroy? 
He  takes  the  same  interest  in  every  believer  which 
he  showed  in  the  eunuch  ;  and  as  he  is  the  Father 
of  lights,  without  variableness  or  the  shallow  of 
turning,  the  work  of  grace  will  be  carried  on  in 
every  soul  till  the  njan  reaches  the  heavenly  rest. 

The  love  of  Christ  is  fixed  upon  each  one  whom 
his  Spirit  calls  to  repentance.  This  is  the  only 
reason  for  the  regeneration  of  a  single  human  being. 
This  love  was  born  in  Christ  in  the  distant  morn- 
ing of  a  past  eternity  ;  it  led  to  the  election  of 
each  believer  from  everlasting,  as  Paul  says,  "  Ac- 
cording as  he  hath  chosen  us  in  him  before  the 
foundation  of  the  world,  that  we  should  be  holy 
and  without  blame  before  him  in  love.'' — Eph.  i.  4. 
What  Jehovah  declared  in  ancient  times  about 
Israel  is  true  of  all  the  spiritual  Israel  to-day, 
"  Yea,  I  have  loved  thee  with  an  everlasting  love, 
therefore  with  loving-kindness  have  I  drawn  thee." 
— •Jer.  xxxi.  3.  As  Paul  says,  "  But  God,  who  is 
rich  in  mercy,  for  his  great  love  wherewith  he 
hath  loved  us,  even  when  we  were  dead  in  sins, 
hath  quickened  (made  alive)  us  together  with 
Christ." — Eph.  ii.  4,  5.  The  love  that  gave  Jesus 
for  us  is  God's,  the  love  that  made  us  alive  as  be- 
lievers when  we  were  dead  in  sins  is  Christ's,  will 
that  love  ever  give  up  one  soul  which  it  cherished 
in  its  everlasting  regards?  Will  the  Saviour  per- 
mit one  chosen  and  etern.ally  loved  friend  to  drop 
out  of  his  heart  into  the  abyss?  Who  shall  sep- 
arate us  from  the  love  of  Christ?  Shall  tribu- 
lation, or  distress,  or  persecution,  or  famine,  or 
nakedness,  or  peril,  or  sword?  Xay,  in  all  these 
things  we  are  more  than  conquerors  through  him 
that  loved  us.  For  I  am  persuaded  that  neither 
death,  nor  life,  nor  angels,  nor  principalities,  nor 
powers,  nor  things  present,  nor  things  to  come,  nor 
height,  nor  depth,  nor  any  other  creature  (creation) 
shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of  God, 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord.  Nothing  created 
can  separate  the  saint  from  his  Saviours  love,  nor 
shall  the  Uncreated  One. 

The  believer  in  his  second  birth  is  made  a  new 
rreature,  he  receives  a  new  heart  with  new  tastes, 
and  while  his  old  love  of  sin,  not  wholly  subdued, 
may  for  a  time,  through  the  arts  of  the  tempter, 
lead  him  from  God.  yet  he  cannot  remain  in  sin, 
he  will  one  day  become  dissatisfied  with  its  husks, 


and  feel  the  famishing  panes  of  spiritual  starva- 
tion; and  he  will  hunger  for  the  soul-bread,  which 
abounds  in  the  house  of  his  Saviour-Father;  and 
will  arise  and  go  to  his  Father.  The  carrier- 
pigeon  taken  five  or  six  hundred  miles  from  its 
home  and  set  at  liberty,  immediately  and  swiftly 
returns  ;  an<i  so  a  soul,  born  from  al)Ove.  will 
surely  awake  to  its  wants  and  dangers,  and  nothing 
out  of  heaven  can  keep  it  from  the  throne  of  grace, 
and  no  one  in  the  skies  shall  cast  it  out. 

God's  Word  speaks  of  the  eternally  enduring  life 
given  in  conversion.  In  Rom.  viii.  29,  30,  we 
read,  "  Whom  he  did  foreknow,  he  also  did  pre- 
destinate to  be  conformed  to  the  image  of  his  Son, 
that  he  might  be  the  first-born  anmng  many  breth- 
ren. Moreover,  whom  he  did  predestinate,  them  he 
also  called:  and  whom  he  called,  them  he  also 
justified  :  and  whom  he  justified,  them  he  also 
glorified."  According  to  this  inspired  statement 
every  soul  whom  God  calls  to  repent.-ince  shall  be 
glorified  in  heaven.  The  Saviour  generally  con- 
nects faith  in  himself  with  everlasting  life  :  "  My 
sheep  hear  my  voice,  and  I  know  them,  and  they 
follow  me  :  and  I  give  unto  them  eternal  life;  and 
theij  shall  never  perish,  neither  shall  any  pluck 
them  out  of  my  hand.  My  Father,  who  gave  them 
to  me,  is  greater  than  all  :  and  none  is  able  to  pluck 
them  out  of  my  Father's  hand." — John  x.  27,  2S. 
"  None,"  neither  the  believer  himself,  nor  any  one 
else,  shall  tear  a  redeemed  .soul  from  the  protecting 
hand  of  the  great  Redeemer' s  Father. 

Several  Scriptures  are  supposed  to  contradict  the 
passage  just  quoted,  and  others  of  kindred  meaning, 
one  of  which  will  fully  represent  the  others.  It  is, 
'"For  if  we  .sin  willfully  after  that  we  have  re- 
ceived the  knowledge  of  the  truth,  there  remaineth 
no  more  sacrifice  for  sins,  but  a  certain,  fearful 
looking  for  of  judgment  and  fiery  indignation, 
which  shall  devour  the  adversaries." — Ileb.  x.  26, 
27.  That  these  words  threaten  eternal  death  to 
believers  who  sin  willfidly  there  is  no  doubt ;  but 
they  do  not  declare  that  any  one  ever  did  sin  will- 
fully, or  that  any  one  ever  shall.  They  simply 
warn  the  children  of  God  of  the  dre.idful  results  of 
such  a  crime,  with  a  view  to  protect  them  from  it; 
and  this  warning  and  others  like  it  show  that  the 
good  Shepherd  will  use  every  efl"ort  to  keep  his 
word,  in  which  he  declares  that  he  gives  them  eter- 
nal life,  and  they  shall  never  perish.  Paul,  in  the 
ocean-storm,  received  the  .assurance  from  God  that 
there  would  be  no  loss  of  any  man's  life,  but  of  the 
ship.  But  when  near  the  shore  the  sailors  were 
deserting,  he  said  to  the  soldiers,  "  Except  these 
abide  in  the  ship  ye  cannot  be  saved."  Paul  in  this 
declaration  did  not  contradict  his  favorable  predic- 
tion, he  was  taking  steps  to  have  it  fulfilled ;  and 
every  w.arning  like  Paul's  in  Hebrews  x.  26,  27,  is 
but  putting  forth  efforts  to  make  the  saints  per- 


PETO 


910 


PETROBRUSIANS 


severe,  and  to  prove  tlie  ti'uth  of  Paul's  assurance  in 
Philippians  i.  6,  "  Being  confident  of  tliis  very  tiling, 
that  he  who  hath  begun  a  good  work  in  you  will 
perform  it,  will  complete  it  {e-^ire'Acnei) ,  until  the  day 
of  Jesus  Christ."  The  Saviour  never  began  the 
needless  work  of  saving  a  man  in  part ;  there  is  no 
sinner  once  truly  converted  among  the  myriads  of 
the  lost.  Every  elect  soul  is  regenerated,  and  every 
man  whom  the  Spirit  calls  will  he  glorified. 

Peto,  Sir  Samuel  Morton,  Baronet,  was  born 
at  Woking,  England,  on  Aug.  4,  l.SU'J.     lie  served 


SIR    S.tMIEL    MORTON    PETO,   BARON'ET. 

an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  with  liis  uncle,  a 
builder  engaged  in  extensive  operations,  at  whose 
death,  in  1830,  he  succeeded  to  a  moiety  of  the  busi- 
ness. His  firm  took  part  in  the  great  work  of  erect- 
ing the  new  Houses  of  Parliament  at  Westminster, 
and  other  important  undertakings.  On  the  disso- 
lution of  his  partnership,  in  1845,  Mr.  Peto  en- 
gaged extensively  in  railroad-building  in  England 
and  other  countries.  In  some  of  these  enterprises 
he  was  associated  with  the  eminent  railroad-builder 
Thomas  Brassey.  Towards  the  close  of  the  Crimean 
war,  he  undertook,  without  prospect  of  profit,  the 
construction  of  a  railway  from  the  harbor  of  Bala- 
klava  to  the  British  camp  before  Sebastopol,  and 
mostexpeditiously  accomplished  this  valuable  work, 
thereby  facilitating  the  military  operations  and  re- 
lieving the  hardships  of  the  soldiers.  In  apprecia- 
tion of  this  patriotic  service  he  was  made  a  baronet 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  by  a  royal  patent  dated 
Feb.  22,  1855.  His  conspicuous  ability  as  a  man 
of  business  had  been  recognized  some  years  earlier 


by  the  citizens  of  Norwich,  who  elected  him  to 
Parliament  in  1847,  and  also  in  1852.  He  was 
one  of  the  members  for  the  metropolitan  borough 
of  Finsbury  from  1859  to  1865,  and  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  for  Bristol,  whicli  seat  he  held 
until  the  bankruptcy  of  his  firm  in  the  financial 
troubles  of  1866-07.  Sir  S.  Morton  Peto  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  St.  Mary's,  Norwich,  during 
the  pastorate  of  the  Rev.  William  Brock,  and  soon 
won  a  distinguished  name  in  the  Baptist  body. 
On  the  death  of  W.  B.  Uurney,  Esq.,  he  was  chosen 
treasurer  of  the  Missionary  Society,  and  by  his  zeal 
and  munificence  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the  mis- 
sionary cause.  Feeling  the  need  of  an  enlarge- 
ment of  denominational  eflTort  in  the  metropolis,  he 
built  Blonmsbury  Chapel  at  his  own  cost,  and 
united  with  the  church  which  Dr.  Brock  gathered 
there  in  1848.  He  also  purchased  the  building 
known  as  the  Diorama,  in  Regent's  Park,  and, 
having  converted  it  into  a  commodious  and  ele- 
gant place  of  worship,  induced  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lan- 
dels  to  become  the  minister  of  tlie  church  after- 
wards formed  there.  Both  these  enterprises  soon 
became  prosperous,  and  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
Baptists  in  London  and  the  neighborhood  during 
the  last  twenty-five  years  is  largely  due  to  the  lib- 
erality and  energy  of  Sir  Morton  Peto.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  to  discern  the  remarkable  gifts  of 
Mr.  Spurgeon,  and  gave  largely  towards  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Metropolitan  Tabernacle.  Regent's 
Park  College  and  other  Baptist  institutions  of 
learning  shared  in  his  generous  regards,  and  he 
has  latterly  taken  a  deep  interest  in  promoting  the 
efficiency  of  the  schemes  of  the  Baptist  Union  for  a 
suitable  provision  for  aged  and  infirm  ministers. 
Whilst  in  Parliament,  Sir  Morton  Peto  was  recog- 
nized as  a  leader  of  the  Nonconformists,  and  was 
held  in  high  esteem  by  all  parties  for  his  fidelity  to 
his  principles  and  his  unfailing  courtesy  of  be- 
havior. He  published  in  1863  a  book  on  "  Taxa- 
tion, its  Levy  and  Expenditure,"  and  in  1860  "  Re- 
sources and  Prospects  of  America,"  the  fruit  of  a 
sojourn  of  several  weeks  in  this  country. 

Petrobnisians,  The. — Peter  de  Bruys  was  the 
Catholic  priest  of  an  obscure  parish  in  France, 
which  he  left,  early  in  the  twelfth  century,  when 
he  became  a  preacher  of  the  gospel.  IIuw  he  un- 
learned the  gospel  of  the  Seven  Hills  and  was  in- 
structed in  that  of  Calvary  we  cannot  tell,  but 
he  was  educated  in  both  directions.  Many  Roman- 
ists, like  Staupitz  or  Fenelon,  have  received  the 
saving  knowledge  of  Jesus  and  retained  their  con- 
nectioti  with  the  papal  church  ;  but  Peter  abhorred 
popery. 

He  taught  that  baptism  was  of  no  advantage  to 
infants,  and  that  only  believers  should  receive  it, 
and  he  gave  a  new  baptism  to  all  his  converts ;  he 
condemned  the  use  of  churches  and  altars,  no  doubt 


FIFTH    BAPTIST    CHTRCH,    PHILADELPHIA,    PA 


PETli  unit  USIA  NS 


912 


PJ-JTJiOBliUSIANS 


for  the  idolatry  practised  in  them ;  he  denied  that 
the  hody  and  blond  of  Christ  are  to  be  fonnd  in  the 
bread  and  wine  of  the  Snpper,  and  he  tan^ht  that 
the  elemiMits  on  the  Lord's  table  are  but  signs  of 
Christ's  flesh  and  blood ;  he  asserted  that  the  offer- 
ings, prayers,  and  good  works  of  the  living  could 
not  profit  the  dead,  that  their  state  was  fixed  fur 
eternity  the  moment  they  left  the  earth  ;  like  the 
Knglish  Baptists  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
like  the  Quakers  of  our  day,  he  believed  that  it  was 
wrong  to  sing  the  praises  of  God  in  worship;  and 
he  rejected  the  adoration  of  crosses,  and  destroyed 
them  wherever  he  found  them. 

It  is  said  that  on  a  Good-Friday  the  Petrobru- 
sians  once  gathered  a  great  multitude  of  their 
brethren,  who  brought  with  them  all  the  crosses 
they  could  find,  and  that  they  made  a  large  fire  of 
them,  on  which  they  cooked  meat,  and  gave  it  to 
the  vast  assemblage.  This  is  told  as  an  illustration 
of  their  blasphemous  profanity.  Their  crucifixes, 
and  along  with  them  probably  the  images  of  the 
saints,  were  the  idols  they  had  been  taught  to  wor- 
ship, and  when  their  eyes  were  opened  they  de- 
stroyed them,  just  as  the  converted  heathen  will 
now  destroy  their  false  gods.  Ilezekiah  did  a  good 
thing  in  destroying  the  serpent  of  brass,  which  in 
the  wilderness  had  miraculous  powers  of  healing, 
wlien  the  Israelites  began  to  worship  it  as  a  god. 

Peter's  preaching  was  with  great  power ;  his 
words  and  his  influence  swept  over  great  masses 
of  men,  bending  their  hearts  and  intellects  before 
their  resistless  might.  "In  Provence,"  says  T)u 
Pin,  "  there  was  nothing  else  to  be  seen  but  Chris- 
tians rebaptized,  churches  profaned  or  destroyed, 
altars  pulled  down,  and  crosses  burned.  The  laws 
of  the  church  were  publicly  violated,  the  priests 
beaten,  abused,  and  forced  to  marry,  and  all  the 
most  saered  ceremonies  of  the  church  abolished." 

Peter  de  Bruys  commenced  his  ministry  .about 
112.5,  and  such  was  his  success  that  in  a  few  years 
in  the  places  about  the  mouth  of  the  Rhone,  in  the 
plain  country  about  Thoulouse,  and  particularly 
in  that  city  itself,  and  in  many  parts  of  "  the  prov- 
ince of  Gascoigne"  he  led  great  throngs  of  men 
and  women  to  Jesus,  and  overthrew  the  entire  au- 
thority of  popes,  bishops,  and  priests. 

Had  the  life  of  this  illustrious  man  been  spared 
the  Keformation  probably  would  have  occurred 
four  hundred  years  earlier  under  Peter  de  Bruys 
instead  of  Martin  Luther,  and  the  Protestant  nations 
of  the  earth  would  not  only  have  had  a  delivenince 
from  Jour  centuries  of  priestly  profligacy  and  wide- 
spread soul  destruction,  but  they  would  have  en- 
tered upon  a  godly  life  with  a  far  more  Scriptural 
creed  than  grand  old  Luther,  still  in  a  considerable 
measure  wedded  to  Romish  saoramentalism,  was 
fitted  to  give  them. 

Peter  and  his  followers  were  decided  Baptists, 


and  like  ourselves  they  gave  a  fresh  baptism  to  all 
tbeirconverts.  They  reckoned  that  they  were  not  be- 
lievers when  first  immersed  in  the  Catholic  Church, 
and  that  as  Scripture  baptism  refjuired  faith  in  its 
candidates,  which  they  did  not  possess,  they  re- 
garded them  as  wholly  unbaptized  ;  and  for  the 
same  reason  they  repudiated  the  idea  that  they  re- 
Vjaptized  them,  confidently  ;isserting  that  because 
of  the  lack  of  faith  they  had  never  been  baptized. 

Peter  the  Venerable,  abbot  of  Cluny,  was  born 
in  1093,  and  died  in  1157.  He  was  distinguished 
by  scholarship,  acuteness  of  mind,  and  Biblical 
knowledge.  He  and  St.  Bernard  were  the  two 
leading  ecclesiastics  of  France.  Peter  would  re- 
buke a  pope  if  he  deserved  it  without  hesitation, 
and  no  other  human  being  was  above  his  authority. 
The  abbot  had  .issailed  the  Jews  and  the  Saracens 
in  two  distinct  works.  And  such  was  the  extraor- 
dinary success  of  the  Petrobrusians,  and  the  great 
difficulty  of  refuting  their  arguments  from  the 
Scriptures,  that  Peter  felt  compelled  to  come  forth 
and  defend  the  deserted  ecclesiastics  and  the  church 
threatened  with  ruin.  We  shall  quote  somewhat 
freely  from  the  abbot  to  show  the  doctrines  of  these 
grand  old  Baptists.  At  the  beginning  of  his  pam- 
phlet he  states  the  five  heads  of  the  hero.sy  of  the 
Petrobrusians. 

In  the  first  he  accuses  them  of  "denying  that 
little  children  under  years  of  responsibility  can  be 
saved  by  the  baptism  of  Christ ;  and  that  the  faith 
of  another  (alienam  fidem,  the  fiiith  demanded  from 
popish  sponsors  when  a  child  was  christened)  could 
benefit  those  who  were  unable  to  exercise  their 
own  (faith)  ;  because,  according  to  them,  not  an- 
other's faith,  but  personal  faith,  saves  with  bap- 
tism, the  Lord  saying,  'He  who  shall  believe,  and 
be  baptized,  shall  be  saved,  but  he  that  believetb 
not  shall  be  condemned.' '"  This  is  the  abbot's 
first  and  heaviest  charge  against  these  ancient 
Baptists.  This  accusation  means  that  the  Petro- 
brusians refused  to  baptize  children  because  they 
were  destitute  of  faith.  The  charge  is  repeated 
frequently  by  the  abbot  of  Cluny. 

"The  second  capitulum  says  that  temples  or 
churches  should  not  be  built,  and  that  those  exist- 
ing should  be  torn  down  ;  that  s.acred  places  for 
praying  were  unnecessary  for  Christians,  since  God 
when  addressed  in  supplication  heard  equally  those 
who  in  a  warehouse  and  in  a  church  deserved  his 
attention,  in  a  market-place  and  in  a  temple,  before 
an  altar  or  before  a  stable."  By  this  we  under- 
stand that  the  Petrobrusians  did  not  believe  in  the 
sanctity  of  bricks  and  m<vtar,  and  probably  thought 
that  as  Romish  churches  were  nests  of  idols  and 
scenes  of  blasphemous  superstition,  their  destruc- 
tion would  be  no  crime. 

"The  third  capitulum  requires  holy  crosses  to  be 
broken  and  burned,  because  that  frame,  or  instru- 


I'KTR  OBR  USIANS 


913 


I'lyiROHRUSIANS 


ment,  on  which  Christ,  so  tiereely  tortured,  was  so 
cruelly  slain,  is  not  worthy  of  adoration,  or  vener- 
ation, or  of  any  supplieation  ;  but  to  aven^ie  liis 
torments  and  death,  it  should  be  branded  with  dis- 
<;race,  hacked  to  pieces  with  the  sword,  and  con- 
sumed in  the  flames."  The  Petrobrusians  detested 
the  worship  of  the  crucifix,  and  prayers  offered  to 
it.  and,  like  the  Scotch  Covenanters,  they  urged  its 
ili'struction  as  a  Christ-dishonoring  idol. 

"The  fourth  capUulum  denied  not  only  the  real- 
ity of  the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord,  as  offered 
daily  and  constantly  in  the  sacrament  (Eucharist) 
in  the  church  ;  but  judged  that  it  was  absolutely 
nothing,  and  should  not  be  offered  to  God."  In 
this  opinion  all  Protestants  concur. 

"  The  fifth  rapitiilum  holds  up  to  ridicule  sacri- 
fices, prayers,  charitable  gifts,  and  the  other  good 
works  performed  by  the  faithful  living  for  the 
faithful  departed."  Peter  then  states  that  he  had 
answered  '"  these  five  heads,"  or  heresies,  "as  God 
had  enabled  him."  lie  might  have  added  a  sixth 
capihdum,  that  the  Petrobrusians  wanted  .Scripture 
for  everything  and  not  tlie  sayings  of  the  fathers. 
This  is  admitted  in  his  discussion  of  their  errors. 
The  creed  given  by  Peter  to  these  Baptists  is  excel- 
lent as  far  as  it  goes.  It  is  the  faith  of  their 
brethren  to-day.  The  abbot  then  proceeds  to  refute 
these  imaginary  heresies  separately.  And  under 
the  heading,  "  Answer  to  the  Saying  of  the  Here- 
tics that  Little  Children  should  not  be  Baptized 
(Responsio  contra  idquoddicunt  haeretici  parvulos 
non  posse  baptizari)  lie  commences  his  attack  on 
the  first  capitulum.  Peter  assumes  without  evi- 
dence that  the  Petrobrusians  believed  that  baptism 
was  essential  to  salvation :  and  he  takes  up  their 
declaration  that  faith  was  necessary  to  baptism,  and 
that  not  the  faith  of  another  but  the  faith  of  the 
subject  of  baptism,  and  then  he  proceeds  with  groat 
ingenuity  to  show  how  the  faith  of  others  "  saved" 
persons,  as  he  says,  in  the  Saviour's  day.  Among 
the  cases  which  he  brings  forward  is  that  of  the 
paralytic  let  down  through  the  roof  of  the  house 
to  the  Saviour  who  was  inside,  and  Peter  quotes 
the  gospel  narrative.  "  And  when  he  (Jesus)  saw 
their  faith  he  said.  Thy  sins  are  forgiven."  .  ,  . 
Peter  then  says,  "  What  do  you  say  to  these 
things?  Behold,  I  relate  this  not  from  Augustine 
(the  godfather  of  infant  baptism,  whose  arguments 
have  been  its  defensive  weapons  for  ages,  and  were 
verj'  useful  to  the  abbot)  but  from  the  Evangel, 
which  you  say  you  trust  most  of  all.  At  length 
either  concede  that  some  can  be  saved  by  the  faith 
of  others  (aliorum  fide  alios  tandem  posse  salvari 
concedite),  or  deny  if  you  can  that  the  cases  I 
brought  forward  are  from  the  Evangel."  This  and 
several  similar  instances  of  healing  in  the  New 
Testament  where  the  faith  of  another  exercised  nn 
influence  in  securing  healing,  make  the  abbot  jubi- 


lant over  the  Petrobrusians.  But  the  paralyzed 
man  had  faith  himself,  as  well  as  those  who  brought 
him  to  Jesus. 

This  theory  is  probably  borrowed  entirely  from 
Augustine.  In  his  day  the  baptism  of  adults  de- 
man<led  faith  continually,  and  when  he  put  forth 
enormous  efforts  to  change  tlie  subjects  of  baptism, 
he  still  insisted  upon  faith,  the  faith  of  sponsors 
for  unconscious  babes.  Hence  he  says,  "  A  little 
child  is  benefited  by  their  faith  by  whom  he  is 
brought  to  be  consecrated"  (in  baptism)  (prodesse 
parvTilo  eorum  fidem  a  quibus  consecrandus  offer- 
tur*)  :  "  a  little  child  believes  through  another  (the 
sponsor)  because  it  sinned  through  another" 
(Adam)  ([parvulus]  credit  in  altero  quia  peccavit 
in  alterof).  Again,  speaking  of  a  little  child,  he 
says,  "  It  has  the  needful  sacrament  of  the  Media- 
tor, so  that  what  could  not  as  yet  be  done  by  its 
faith  is  performed  by  the  faith  of  those  who  love 
it"  (necessarium  habet  Mediatoris  sacramentum,  ut 
quoil  per  ejus  fidem  nondum  potest,  per  eorum 
qui  diligunt,  fiatj).  Speaking  of  baptism,  Augus- 
tine says,  "  Mother-church  loans  them  (little  chil- 
dren) the  feet  of  others  that  they  may  come  (to  it), 
the  heart  of  others  that  they  may  believe,  and  the 
tongue  of  others  that  they  may  make  confession" 
(accommodat  illis  mater  ecclcsia  aliorum  pedes  ut 
veniant,  aliorum  cor  ut  credant,  aliorum  linguam 
ut  fateantur^).  Augustine  was  in  arms  to  compel 
all  Christendom  to  adopt  infant  immersion.  He 
was  almost  constantly  declaring.  "  Without  bap- 
tism little  children  can  have  no  life  in  themselves" 
(sine  ((uo  [baptismo]  nee  parvuli  possunt  habere 
vitani  in  semetipsis||) ;  and  as  Peter  the  Venerable 
is  fighting  a  similar  battle  with  the  Petrobrusians, 
he  stores  his  memory  with  Augustine's  arguments. 
No  doubt  it  was  this  that  led  him  to  say  about  the 
faith  of  those  who  carried  the  palsied  man  to  Jesus, 
"  Behold,  I  relate  this  not  from  Augustine,  but 
from  the  Evangel.'' 

Another  common  Pedobaptist  argument  is  pre- 
sented by  Peter,  the  abbot,  in  these  words.  "The 
unbelieving  husband  is  saved  by  the  believing  wife, 
and  the  unbelieving  wife  is  saved  by  the  believing 
husband."  This  he  gives  as  a  quotation  from  1 
Cor.  vii.,  and  commenting  upon  it,  he  says.  '•  If  the 
unbelieving  wife  is  saved  by  the  faith  of  the  hus- 
band, and  the  unbelieving  husband  is  saved  by 
the  faith  of  the  wife,  why  should  not  the  child 
be  saved  by  the  faith  of  husband  and  wife  to- 
gether'?"' This  is  a  very  natural  question.  But 
unfortunately  for  the  abbot,  Paul  does  not  speak  of 
either  husband  or  wife  as  being  saved  by  the  faith 
of   the  other.      He  represents  the  one  as  being 


•  AiigiiBtiiii  Opera  Omnin,  i.  13(W.    Mignr,  Parisiis,  1842. 
+  Idem,  V.  1:V4J.  J  Idem,  iii.  418. 

g  Idem,  V.  '.k'>0.  I  Idem,  x.  615. 


PETR  OBR  USIA  XS 


914 


PETROBliUSIANS 


SANCTIFIED  by  the  other.  And  the  sanctification 
he  refers  to  after  its  work  is  done  leaves  its  subject 
an  untieliever.  It  is  the  lei^ul  righteousness  of 
tlicir  wedded  relations  and  the  le;;itiniacy  of  their 
children  of  which  the  apostle  is  speaking.  If 
indeed  a  Christian  lady  could  give  not  only  her 
own  heart  but  the  love  of  Christ  and  the  heavenly 
inlieritance  to  her  unbelieving  husband,  and  allow 
him  still  to  remain  in  unbelief  and  sin,  it  would 
make  a  union  witli  her  an  unlieard-of  attraction. 
And  the  same  would  be  true  of  the  believing  hus- 
band. But  Peter  misquotes  the  Vulgate,  the  only 
copy  of  the  Scriptures  which  he  had.  It  has  not 
his  salvatur,  but  smiclijiralus  and  sanclificala  est. 

In  ancient  times,  after  the  heresy  sprang  into  ex- 
istence that  water  baptism  was  necessary  to  salva- 
tion, it  was  believed  that  nmrtj'rdom,  or  a  baptism 
in  one's  own  Idood,  would  supply  the  place  of  the 
saving  immersion.  Peter  turns  this  to  ingenious 
account.  He  says,  "If  the  martyrs  by  a  personal 
faith  are  saved  without  baptism  (in  water),  why 
may  not  little  children,  as  I  have  .'said,  be  saved  by 
baptism  without  a  personal  faith?"  Or  we  might 
add,  Why  may  they  not  be  saved  like  the  martyrs 
without  any  baptism  ?  Treating  of  the  commission 
of  the  Saviour,  the  baptismal  creed  of  the  Petro- 
brusians,  he  says,  "  '  He  who  believeth  not  shall  be 
damned.'  You  think,  forsooth,  that  little  children 
are  held  by  this  chain,  and  because  they  are  not 
able  to  believe,  that  baptism  will  profit  them  no- 
thing. But  it  is  not  so ;  the  sacred  words  them- 
■  selves  show  this;  they  do  not  show  it  to  the  blind, 
but  to  those  who  see;  they  show  it  to  the  humble, 
not  to  the  haughty.  'Go,'  says  the  Lord,  'into  all 
the  world,  and  preach  the  gospel  to  every  creature. 
lie  that  believeth  and  is  baptized  shall  be  saved  ;  he 
that  believeth  not  shall  be  condemned.'  These  words 
terrify  the  rebellious  ;  they  do  not  condemn  the  in- 
nocent, they  strike  iniquity  ;  they  do  not  strike 
irresponsible  infiiiicy,  they  destroy  despisers  of 
grace;  they  do  not  condemn  the  simplicity  of  na- 
ture (innocent  children).  .  .  .  Restrain,  therefore, 
the  excessive  severity  which  you  assume,  and  do 
not  aim  to  appear  more  just  than  him,  all  whose 
ways  are  mercy  and  truth,  nor  shut  out  little  chil- 
dren from  the  kingdom  of  heaven  (by  refusing  to' 
baptize  them),  in  reference  to  whom  he  has  said, 
•  Of  such  is  the  kingdom  of  heaven.'  "  Peter's  in- 
terpretation of  the  condemnation  of  the  commission 
is  correct ;  it  does  not  condemn  any  who  cannot  be- 
lieve. But  his  inference  from  it  that  infants  should 
be  baptized  is  childishness  for  the  imaginary  ad- 
vantage of  infants.  All  infants  are  saved  without 
baptism,  as  the  Petrobrusians  believed.  The  com- 
mission has  only  to  do  with  believers  and  their  bap- 
tism, and  the  penalty  of  unbelief  when  pei-sons  have 
heard  the  gospel  in  years  when  faith  is  possible. 
Peter  proceeds  to  take  up  the  old  argument  which 


Augustine  uses,  and  which  has  such  a  modern  and 
familiar  sound:  "For  thus  afterwards  Christ  the 
Lord  placed  holy  baptism  in  his  church,  the  sacr.a- 
nient  of  the  New  Testament  for  the  circumcision 
of  the  flesh.''  (Sic  etiam  postquam  Dominus 
Christus  in  ecclesia  sua  sacramentum  Novi  Tcsta- 
mcnti  pro  circuracisione  carnis  sanctum  baptismum 
dedit.  Augustini  Opera  Omnia,  ii.  lOiS".  Mignc, 
Parisiis,  18-42.)  And  he  says,  "  For  it  is  very  dis- 
graceful and  impious  that  we  should  refuse  that  to 
the  little  children  of  Christians  which  we  grant  to 
the  little  children  of  Jews,  ...  for  neither  does 
the  law  prevail  over  the  gospel  nor  Moses  over 
Christ.  .  .  .  The  little  children  of  the  Hebrews 
were  circumcised  by  divine  command  on  the 
eighth  day,  and  piin/cd  Jhim  tiritjinnl  sin.  Where, 
then,  was  the  faith  of  the  boys?  What  was  tlieir 
understanding  of  the  sacrament  which  they  re- 
ceived? What  was  their  knowledge  of  divine 
things?  Where  are  you  who  condemn  Christian 
little  children?  The  little  children  of  Jews  are 
.■saved  by  the  sacrament  of  circumcision,  and  shall 
not  the  little  children  of  Christians  be  saved  by 
the  sacrament  of  baptism  ?  The  Jew  believes,  and 
his  son  is  cleansed  from  sin  ;  the  Christian  believes, 
and  shall  not  his  child  be  freed  from  similar  guilt? 
There  is  no  faith  in  the  little  children  of  Christians, 
but  neither  is  there  any  faith  in  the  little  children 
of  Jews,  yet  they  are  foved  by  the  faith  of  another 
when  circumcision  is  received,  and  these  (little 
children)  are  saved  by  the  faith  of  another  (the 
sponsors)  when  baptism  is  received."* 

We  have  made  these  quotations  to  show  how 
vigorously  the  Petrobrusians  denounced  baptism 
on  the  ^'  faith  of  another"  and  insisted  on  personal 
faith.  Much  more  might  be  introduced  from  the 
celebrated  assault  of  the  abbot  of  Cluny,  but  from 
what  has  been  placed  before  the  reader  from  Peter 
the  Venerable,  it  is  clear  that  the  Petrobrusians 
were  very  decided  Bible  Baptists. — Baptists  ready 
for  anything  on  earth  except  a  renunciation  of  their 
Scriptural  principles.  The  other  four  charges  of 
Peter  are  quite  as  favorable  to  tlie  general  ortho- 
doxy of  these  ancient  brethren. 

Their  immense  strength  to  resist  the  church  and 
ni.ake  converts  is  seen  in  the  extraordinary  pains 
Peter  takes  to  arm  himself  with  all  the  weapons  of 
Auirustine  and  with  snob  as  he  had  made  himself, 
and  in  the  extremely  skillful  use  which  he  makes 
of  them.  It  is  refreshing  to  read  a  treatise  written 
seven  hundred  and  thirty-six  years  ago  against  a 
powerful  body  of  Baptists  by  a  very  able  theolo- 
gian. Augustine  directed  the  most  subtle  argu- 
ments against  the  men  who  held  Baptist  principles 
in  his  day  ;   but  our  people,  when  crushed,  have 

•  Patrl.  Lat.,  clxxxix.  pp.  722,  729,  7.')2,  754,  755,  757,  758. 
Migne,  Parisiis,  1854. 


UEMORIAI.    BAPTIST    ClflRCH,    PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


PHELPS 


916 


PHILADELPHIA 


only  been  overcome  for  a  time,  and  then  received 
fresli  life  again;  and  lieyond  a  doubt  our  doctrines 
will  finally  seize  the  whole  race  and  bless  all  na- 
tions. 

Phelps,  Mrs.  Sophia  Emilia,  a  daughter  of  Rev. 
.lames  Harvey  Linsley,  a  Ba|itist  minister,was  born 
Nov.  16,  1S23;  married,  Aug.  20,  1847,  Rev.  S.  D. 
Phelps,  D.D. ;  a  graceful  and  popular  writer  ;  author 
of  a  memoir  of  her  father;  frequent  contributor 
to  journals,  especially  to  the  Christian  Senretary ; 
writer  of  the  e.\))ositions  of  the  Sabbath-School  Les- 
sons of  the  International  Series  in  the  Christian 
Secretar;/  :  successful  teacher  of  Bible-classes ;  gives 
to  Sunday-school  teachers  weekly  lectures  in  Hart- 
ford, Ix'fore  nieiiibers  of  different  denominations. 

Phelps,  Sylvanus  Dryden,  D.D.,  editor  of 
Christian    Secretary,    son    of    Capt.    Israel    and 


SYLVANUS    DRVDF.N    I'HEl.l'S.   D.li. 

Mercy  (Stevens)  Phelps,  grandson  of  Deacon  Judah 
Phelps,  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  was  born  in  Suf- 
field,  Conn.,  May  15,  IXltj;  worked  on  farm  and 
taught  winter  schools ;  had  great  fondness  for 
books;  converted  in  1834;  baptized,  in  1838,  by 
Rev.  M.  G.  Clarke :  united  with  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Suffiehl  while  a  member  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution,  where  he  fitted  for  col- 
lege ;  licensed  to  preach  in  1840  ;  taught  in  Connec- 
ticdt  Literary  Institution  and  Southwick  Academy, 
Mass.  ;  entered  Brown  University,  and  graduated 
in  1844 ;  same  year  entered  Yale  Theological  Semi- 
nary ;  supplied  Baptist  church  in  Bristol,  and  after- 
wards First  Baptist  church  in  New  Haven,  where 
he  settled  as   pastor  Jan.  21,  1846,  and  remained 


twenty-eight  years,  during  which  time  1217  united 
with  the  church,  615  by  liaptisni,  and  four  colonies 
went  out  to  form  new  churches.  In  1871  the  pres- 
ent church  had  SOO  members, — lai'gest  evangelical 
church  in  the  State ;  called  at  same  time  to  two 
churches,  but  settled,  in  1874,  with  Jefferson  Street 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I. ;  on  death  of  Rev.  E. 
Cushman  became  proprietor  and  eilitorof  Christian 
Secretarij,  Hartford,  Conn.,  for  which  he  had  pre- 
viously largely  written ;  in  1859-60  spent  about  a 
year  in  Europe  and  the  East ;  a  brief  trip  to  Europe 
in  1872;  has  written  and  published  ;  a  volume  of 
poems  in  1842;  another,  "Eloquence  of  Nature, 
and  Other  Poems;"  yet  another,  in  1855,  "Sun- 
light and  Ilearthlight ;"  in  1865,  a  volume  of  selec- 
tions from  previous  volumes,  with  new  poems;  in 
1862,  a  prose  volume,  "  Holy  Land,"  etc.,  passing 
through  nine  editions  ;  "  Sermons  in  the  Four 
Quarters  of  the  Globe  ;"  delivered  poems  at  college 
commencements;  written  numerous  articles  for  re- 
views and  periodicals  ;  often  lectured  on  Egypt  and 
the  Nile;  easy  and  graceful  writer  of  prose  and 
poetry ;  popular  and  honored  preacher ;  received 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison  University  in  1854; 
married,  Aug.  26,  1847,  Sophia  Emilia  Linsley,  of 
Stratford,  Conn. 

Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  The,  was 
formed  on  the  "  twenty-seventh  day  of  the  seventh 
month,  on  the  seventh  day  of  the  week,"  in  the 
year  1707.  The  meeting  lasted  till  the  third  day  of 
the  week  following.  Before  the  formation  of  the 
Association  the  churches  had  a  gener.il  meeting  for 
preaching  and  administering  the  ordinances,  which 
was  held  in  different  places.  The  first  was  held  at 
Salem,  N.  J.,  in  1688  ;  this  was  about  three  months 
after  the  Lower  Dublin  church  was  constituted. 
The  next  was  held  at  the  latter  church,  the  next 
at  Philadelphia,  and  the  fourth  at  Burlington. 
Others  were  held  in  various  places.  The  people 
with  whom  the  brethren  met  called  the  gathering 
a  yearly  meeting  because  it  met  with  them  but 
once  a  year,  but  those  who  attended  all  the  sessions 
of  this  body  spoke  of  it  as  a  quarterly  meeting. 
The  Association  was  designed  to  differ  from  the 
yearly  meeting  chiefly  in  this,  that  it  was  to  be  a 
body  of  deleijates  representing  churches,  and  the 
yearly  meeting  had  no  representative  character. 

The  brethren  who  constituted  the  Association 
came  from  Lower  Dublin  (Pennepek),  Middletown, 
Piscataqua,  Cohansey,  and  Welsh  Tract.  The 
Philadelphia  congregation,  though  giving  its  name 
to  the  Association,  is  not  represented  as  a  constit- 
uent member,  because  it  was  regarded  as  a  branch 
of  the  Lower  Dublin  church.  Morg.an  Edwards 
mentions  with  evident  satisfaction,  that  though  the 
Association  was  formed  of  but  five  churches,  "  It 
has  so  increased  since  as  to  contain  thirty-four 
churches  (in  1770),  exclusive  of  those  which  have 


rmiADRLPHIA 


917 


I'niLADELI'lll.i 


been  detiiclied  to  I'urin  another  Association."  In 
1879  the  Association  liad  81  churelios,  with  a  ineiii- 
berslii|)  of  nearly  24,000.  : 

The  influence  of  the  Philadelphia  Association  i 
lias  been  greater  in  shaping  Baptist  modes  of 
thinking  and  working,  than  any  other  body  in  ex- 
istence. It  is  older  by  nearly  lifty  years  than  any  \ 
otiier  Association.  Its  "Confession  of  Faitli"  and 
"  Treatise  of  Discipline"  have  wielded  an  immense 
power  in  favor  of  ortliodoxy  and  piety  among  our 
rising  cliurches.  It  has  ever  been  the  warm  friend 
of  missions  at  home  and  abroad,  its  ministers 
making  missionary  tours  all  over  our  country.  It 
has  always  been  the  friend  of  .Sunday-schools  since  | 


What  our  denomination  would  have  been  in  this 
country  without  the  Philadelphia  Association  is  an 
interesting  <|uestion.  We  cannot  suppose  that  the 
Associational  institution  would  have  had  no  ex- 
istence among  us.  It  flourished  in  England  long 
before  1707.  But  this  mother  Association  had  men 
of  learning  even  in  her  early  history,  with  sound 
Baptist  principles,  great  practical  sagacity,  and 
with  a  love  for  .struggling  Baptists  in  the  farthest 
East  and  in  the  most  distant  South  ;  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, the  Associational  plan  became  popular,  and 
the  spirit  of  the  old  I'hiladelphia  body  was  grafted 
upon  every  kindred  institution  all  over  the  land. 
\or  did  this  ancient  body  look  coldly  upon   the 


•  -IKK—      »        '*--:'iitija 


liP  III  ifhil  I. Of  pif;ft 


B.iPTIST    HOME    OF    I'll  1 1.ADKI.I'H  l.\. 


the  system  was  first  presented  to  its  churches.  It 
encouraged  the  school  of  Isaac  Eaton,  of  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  for  the  preparation  of  young  men  for 
the  ministry,  the  first  Baptist  institution  of  that 
character  in  America;  and  it  founded  Brown 
University,  furmerly  Rhode  Island  College,  and 
through  it,  indirectly,  all  our  seminaries  of  learn- 
ing. As  early  as  1788  it  took  its  .stand  in  favor 
of  temperance.  It  was  a  tower  of  strength  to 
our  persecuted  brethren  in  other  colonies  in 
times  when  they  suffered  great  legal  opjiression. 
It  gave  them  financial  aid  and  good  counsel,  and 
lent  the  weight  of  its  great  inlluenee  in  seeking  a 
redress  of  grievances  from  men  in  power,  and  it 
has  ever  demanded  liberty  for  all  men  to  worship 
God  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  consciences. 


crushed  liberties  and  the  struggling  warriors  of 
their  country  in  Revolutionary  times.  On  the  19th 
of  October,  1781,  our  army  m.ide  its  victorious  entry 
into  Yorktown  ;  on  the  23d  the  Association  was 
in  session  ;  on  the  night  of  that  day  the  old  watch- 
men of  Philadelphia  cried,  "Twelve  o'clock  and 
all  is  well,  and  Cornwallis  has  surrendered." 
The  next  morning  the  Association  met  at  sunrise 
to  bless  God  for  the  glorious  news,  and  to  re- 
cord their  gratitude  in  appropriate  resolutions. 
The  mother  Association  of  our  land  has  a  precious 
record. 

Philadelphia,  Baptist  Home  of,  was  chartered 
in  1S()9.  Its  object  is  •■  to  |irovide  a  place  of  resi- 
dence for  members  of  Baptist  churches  who  may, 
by  reason  of  age,  infirmities,  or  poverty,  become 


PHILADELPHIA 


918 


PHILIPS 


incapable  of  siippoitiiijr  tlieiiiselves  and  their  fami- 
lies, and  also  to  ali'urd  such  ]iiT.sons  other  relief, 
and  in  such  other  way,  as  the  trustees  may  deem 
prudent  and  advisable."  The  trustees  have  au- 
thority to  admit  members  of  other  Christian 
churches  whenever  special  contril)Utions  are  made 
for  that  purpose. 

The  managciuont  consists  of  a  l)oard  of  trustees, 
■wlio  must  be  members  of  Baptist  cliurches,  and  of 
a  board  of  lady  managers,  consisting  of  represen- 
tatives from  the  Baptist  churches  of  Philadelphia 
and  vicinity.  To  the  former  belongs  the  duty  of 
securing  titles,  investing  trust  funds,  and  other 
legal  matters,  and  to  the  lady  managers  is  assigned 
the  entire  management  of  the  institution,  the  ad- 
mis.sion  and  care  of  the  inmates,  and  the  procuring 
of  funds  to  meet  the  required  expenses  above  the 
amount  furnished  by  the  partial  endowment  of 
§30,000. 

Mr.  George  Nugent,  President;  Hon.  11  G. 
Jones,  Secretary  ;  and  Mr.  Levi  Knowles,  Treas- 
urer, of  the  board  of  trustees,  have  served  from  the 
date  of  organization  with  great  zeal  and  fidelity. 
The  officers  of  the  lady  managers  are  Mrs.  L. 
Knowles,  President ;  Mrs.  .John  Mustin,  Vice- 
President  ;  Mrs.  P.  G.  McCollin,  Corresponding 
Secretary  ;  Miss  Anna  E.  Friend,  Recording  Sec- 
retary ;  Mrs.  C.  II.  Banes,  Treasurer.  Mrs. 
Knowles  and  Mrs.  McCollin  have  filled  the  offices 
assigned  to  them  from  the  founding  of  the  institu- 
tion, and  to  the  wonderful  executive  ability  of  the 
former  and  the  enthusiasm  and  persevering  zeal 
of  the  latter,  aided  by  a  noble  band  of  Baptist  sis- 
tei's,  the  home  is  largely  indebted  for  its  success 
and  popularity. 

The  building  is  located  at  Seventeenth  and 
Norris  Streets,  upon  a  plot  of  ground  valued  at 
$30,000,  the  generous  gift  of  Deacon  Joseph  F. 
Page,  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  It  has  a  hand- 
some exterior,  and  is  especially  adapted  by  its  plan 
for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  used.  Built  with 
wings  forming  three  sides  of  a  square,  and  sur- 
rounded by  ample  grounds,  laid  out  with  walks 
and  shrulibery,  its  appearance  is  one  of  great 
beauty.  There  are  rooms  for  85  inmates.  The 
charge  for  admission  is  S200  when  under  seventy 
years,  and  §150  when  over  that  age. 

As  its  name  indicates„it  is  a  home,  and  it  is  re- 
markably free  from  the  cheerlessness  that  too  fre- 
quently mars  places  of  public  charity,  and,  on  the 
contrary,  it  possesses  an  air  of  comfort  and  content- 
ment that  reflects  the  highest  credit  upon  the  Chris- 
tian Ijenevolence  of  the  denomiMatioii. 
•  Philadelphia,  The  Fifth  Baptist  Church  of, 
•was  founded  in  1824,  by  members  of  the  Sansom 
Street  church,  organized  by  Dr.  Staughton.  It 
cost  about  §100,000,  and  was  dedicated  to  the  wor- 
ship of  Almighty  God,  Oct.  13,  1864.     It  was  paid 


for  before  it  was  used  for  divine  service.  Its  mem- 
bership, as  reported  to  the  Philadelphia  Association 
in  October,  1880,  was  584.  Rev.  B.  D.  Thomas  is  its 
highly  esteemed  pastor.     (See  illustration,  p.  Oil.) 

Philadelphia,  Memorial  Baptist  Church  of, 
was  organized  in  July,  l>*i'>'<,  by  Rev.  P.  S.  Hen- 
son,  D.l).  :  its  chapel  was  built  so(m  after  the  forma- 
tion of  the  church.  The  main  cditice  was  completed 
and  dedicated  in  February,  1870.  The  latter  build- 
ing will  seat  1.500  persons.  Both  structures  and 
lots  cost  §165, .500,  and  the  church  has  no  debt.  It 
had  in  October,  1880,  a  membership  of  642.  (See 
illustration,  p.  ',Mo.) 

Philadelphia,  Second  Baptist  Church  of, 
was  organized  in  March,  1803.  It  has  had  seven 
pastors  since  it  was  formed,  six  of  whom  have  left 
the  church  militant  for  the  heavenly  assembly. 
William  Cathcart,  D.l).,  the  seventh  pastor,  has  held 
his  office  since  April,  1857.  The  church  is  strongly 
Calvinistical  and  warmly  missionary.  It  has  ]iaid 
the  present  pastor's  salary  every  month  since  April, 
1857,  a  few  days  before  the  time,  except  on  two 
occasions,  when  it  was  received  on  the  day  it  was 
due.  It  had  a  membership  in  October,  1880,  of 
707.  Its  present  church  edifice  is  a  two-story 
building,  C5  by  100,  with  a  front  70  feet  6  inches 
wide.  It  was  dedicated  in  March,  1875.  It  cost 
§93,500,  and  it  is  entirely  paid  for.  The  design  of 
its  magnificent  front  was  evidently  taken  originally 
from  the  ancient  church  of  the  Abbey  of  SainteGene- 
vifeve,  in  Paris,  founded  by  Clovis,  and  rebuilt  from 
the  eleventh  to  the  thirteenth  century,  an  engraving 
of  which  is  in  Lacroix's  "  Manners,  Customs,  and 
Dress  of  the  Middle  Ages,"  p.  40.     London. 

Philips,  Prof.  G.  Morris,  A.M.,  was  born  at 
Penningtonville  (now  Atglen),  Chester  Co.,  Pa., 
Oct.  28,  1851.  lie  was  fitted  for  college  in  his 
native  village,  and  entered  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg  in  1867.  Having  completed  the  regular  clas- 
sical course,  he  graduated  in  1871,  taking  the 
second  honors  of  the  largest  class  which  has  ever 
graduated  from  the  university.  In  the  ensuing 
autumn  he  assumed  the  chair  of  Mathematics  in 
Monongahela  College,  which  position  he  filled  most 
acceptably  for  a  year  and  a  half.  From  1873  to 
1878  he  held  the  chair  of  Higher  Jlathcmatics  in 
the  State  Normal  School  at  West  Chester,  Pa., 
where  he  soon  became  known  most  favorably  as  an 
enthusiastic  and  successful  instructor.  AVhile  in 
that  position  he  declined  an  appointment  to  the 
county  superintendency.  In  1878  he  was  ap- 
pointed Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Prof.  Philips  is  a  most  careful  and  accurate 
scholar,  with  great  breadth  of  mind,  and  a  large 
acquaintance  with  literature,  especially  in  the  line 
of  science.  As  an  instructor  he  has  few  equals  for 
clearness  of  statement,  earnestness  of  manner,  and 


SECOND    BAPTIST   CHIRIU,    THILADELPUI A 


ruiLU's 


920 


PICKET 


ability  to  awaken  enthusiasm.  Ilis  genial  man- 
ners, thoroughness  of  work,  and  large  Christian 
sympathy  endear  him  to  all  who  come  under  his 
influence.  At  the  present  writing  he  is  engaged 
with  Prof.  Sharpless,  of  Ilaverford  College,  in  pre- 
paring a  new  text-liook  on  astronomy. 

Philips,  Judge  John  W.,  was  born  in  AVilson 
Co.,  Tenn.,  July  1,  1837.  He  graduated  at  Alle- 
ghany College,  Pa.,  in  1860.  Made  a  profession 
of  religion  in  Meadville,  Pa.,  while  at  college,  in 
the  spring  of  18.5'J,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church. 
He  took  his  letter  from  the  Meadville  church  to  the 
Hound  Lick  Baptist  church  in  Wil.son  Co.,  Tenn., 
and  from  it  he  came  to  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  St.  Louis,  in  187.'),  of  which  he  is  now  a  member 
and  a  deacon.  He  superintends  the  Olivet  Mission 
of  the  Second  church. 

He  was  elected  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial 
circuit  of  Tennessee,  by  the  people  of  that  circuit, 
by  a  large  majority;  every  vote  in  the  county 
where  he  lived  was  cast  for  him  except  six.  There 
were  four  counties  in  the  circuit.  Judge  Philips 
raised  a  company  for  the  Union  army  and  per- 
formed honorable  service,  and  was  made  colonel 
of  his  regiment.  He  is  now  a  lawyer  of  success- 
ful practice  in  St.  Louis,  in  the  firm  of  Philips  & 
Stewart. 

Philips,  Dr.  U.  W.,  the  veteran  agricultural 
editor  of  the  South,  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1806;  graduated,  at  South  Carolina  College  in 
1826 ;  graduated  in  the  medical  department  of 
Pennsylvania  University  in  1829;  settled  in  Mis- 
sissippi in  1S30;  soon  became  distinguished  as  a 
scientific  farmer,  and  contributor  to  agricultural 
journals;  became  a  Baptist  in  1849,  and  at  once  took 
an  active  part  in  church  work,  especially  in  the  pro- 
motion of  education,  and  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  the  purchase  of  Mississippi  College  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  Central  Female  College  at  Clinton, 
Miss.  After  the  war  he  removed  to  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  and  became  editor  of  the  Southern  Fnrmer. 
This  he  gave  up  in  1877  to  take  charge  of  the  Farm 
and  the  Agricultural  professorship  of  the  University 
of  Mississippi,  a  position  he  still  holds. 

Phillips,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Province- 
town,  Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1801.  In  his  boyhood  his 
family  removed  to  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  became  a  Christian,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Dr.  Benedict,  then  the  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Pawtucket.  At  once  he  began  to 
speak  and  perform  other  service  in  the  social  meet- 
ings, and  was  so  acceptable  to  his  brethren  that 
his  pastor  sent  for  him,  and  asked  him  if  he  had 
ever  thought  it  would  be  a  privilege  to  preach  the 
gospel.  The  young  man  replied  that  it  was  a  pleas- 
ure to  him  to  take  part  in  the  religious  meetings 
which  he  attended,  but  he  felt  that  an  insuperable 
obst.acle  lay  in  the  way  of  his  obtaining  an  educa- 


tion, as  he  was  the  sole  stay  and  support  of  a 
widowed  mother.  In  the  providence  of  God  it 
was  found  that  this  obstacle  ciiuld  bo  removed,  and 
the  way  wa.s  opened  for  him  to  tit  for  college,  under 
the  tuition  of  Dr.  Benedict.  lie  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1822,  and  graduated  in  1826.  In  the  class 
were  several  members  who  were  afterwards  distin- 
guished in  their  professions  in  life.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned  Kev.  George  Burgess.  D.D.,  the 
Episcopal  bishop  of  Maine,  Hon.  .lolui  Kingsbury, 
LL.D.,  and  Prof.  Edwards  A.  Park.  D.D.  On  leav- 
ing college  Mr.  Phillips  did  not  take  a  course  of 
theological  study,  but  in  the  March  following  his 
graduation  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
in  North  Attleborough,  Mass.  He  remained  here 
until  tlie  fall  of  1828,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Providence.  R.  I.,  and 
commenced  his  ministry  there  the  first  Sabbath  in 
November,  1828.  He  continued  with  this  church 
eight  years,  when  he  was  invited  to  become  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  He  remained  here  until  the  fall  of  1841, 
when,  his  health  having  failed,  he  resigned  his 
office  and  removed  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  he 
has  lived  ever  since.  For  one  year  be  suspended 
regular  ministerial  labor.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
his  health  was  sufficiently  restored  to  enable  him 
to  supply  churches,  although  he  has  never  been 
a  regular  pastor  since  he  left  Charlestown.  Fur 
five  and  a  half  years  he  thus  supplied  the  churcli 
at  Fruit  Ilill,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Providence, 
and  for  eight  years  the  church  at  Lonsdale,  R.  I. 
While  filling  this  last  engagement  he  went  abroail, 
extending  his  trip  up  the  Nile  as  far  as  Thebes, 
and  visiting  also  the  Holy  Land,  spending  several 
weeks  in  -Jerusalem. 

Mr.  Phillips  resides  at  his  pleasant  home  in  the 
suburbs  of  Providence,  respected  and  beloved  by 
a  large  circle  of  friends.  He  was  made  a  member 
of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University  in  1836. 

Phippen,  Rev.  George. — At  the  residence  of 
his  daughter,  Mrs.  .J.  W.  Mills,  in  Chicago,  May 
15,  1873,  died  Rev.  George  Phippen,  in  the  eighty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  Feb.  2, 1790,  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Baptist  church  there  by  Rev.  Lucius  Bidles,  Aug. 
25,  1805,  and  ordained  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  June 
II,  1812,  after  graduating  at  Brown  University. 
His  successive  pastorates  were  at  Middletown  Cen- 
tre and  Suflield,  Conn.,  West  Troy  and  Newburgli. 
N.  Y.,  Tyringham  and  Lee,  Mass.  He  had  an  in- 
fluential share  in  the  establishment  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  at  Suffield,  and  was  suc- 
cessively secretary  and  president  of  the  Education 
Society  in  that  State.  lie  closed,  in  the  peaceful 
joy  of  one  departing  to  be  with  Christ,  a  long  life 
of  marked  fidelity  and  usefulness. 

Picket,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  King  and  Queen 


riDGE 


921 


rik'f: 


Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  14,  1744.  In  early  life  he  was  fond 
of  sports  and  frivolous  amusenients.  On  a  visit  to 
North  Carolina  the  Saviour  called  him  into  his 
peace.  He  was  baptized  in  1700.  A  year  after 
he  returned  to  Virginia.  In  170S  a  church  was 
formed  in  Fauquier,  Va.,  chiefly  throu^li  his  in- 
strumentality; tlie  church  was  called  Carter's  Run. 
Mr.  Picket  was  ordained  its  pastor  in  1772.  His 
prosperity  in  winning  souls  soon  drew  persecution 
up  m  him.  A  niol)  broke  into  the  meeting-house  and 
split  the  pulpit  in  pieces.  The  magistrates  sent 
the  pastor  to  prison,  where  he  preached  God's  Word 
to  the  salvation  of  great  numbers.  When  he  was 
released  from  prison  he  proclaimed  Jesus  with 
greater  zeal  than  ever,  extending  his  labors  into 
Culpeper  and  over  the  Blue  Ridge,  where  at  the 
first  baptism  that  ever  took  place  in  Shenandoah 
fifty  were  immersed.  Mr.  Picket  loved  the  Saviour 
intensely,  was  never  weary  in  laboring  for  him, 
was  honored  by  great  usefulness  in  the  service  of 
Jesus,  and  he  led  a  saintly  life.  lie  died  in  June, 
1S03. 
Pidge,  Rev.  John  Bartholomew  Gough,  the 

son  of  Edwin  and  Mary  E.  Pidgi',  wa<  born  at 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Feb.  4,  1844;  was  educated  in 
public  and  private  schools  at  Providence,  and  sub- 
sequently entered  Brown  University,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1866  ;  graduated  al.so  at  Xewton 
Theological  Institution  in  186'J.  While  a  student 
at  Newton  he  translated  Bruune's  "  Commentary 
on  Philippians.''  from  theGerman,  under  the  super- 
vision of  Dr.  llackett ;  was  ordained  Sept.  8,  1869, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Lawrence, 
Mass.  In  1871  he  declined  a  call  to  the  professor- 
ship of  New  Testament  Exegesis  from  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  In  April,  1879,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Fourth  church.  Phila- 
delphia, in  which  field  of  labor  he  continues  a  min- 
istry that  has  greatly  endeared  him  to  one  of  our 
larirest  churches. 

Mr.  Pidge  is  a  man  of  studious  habits,  of  schol- 
arly attainments,  and  of  marked  pulpit  power. 
His  sermons  are  fruitful  in  the  results  of  close  ap- 
jilication,  and  are  well  calculated  to  enrich  the 
minijs  of  those  who  wait  upon  his  ministrations. 

Pierson,  Rev.  Nicholas,  an  English  Baptist, 
who  settled  in  llorton.  Nova  Scotia,  about  177.5; 
was  ordained,  Nov.  5,  1778,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  llorton.  formed  seven  d.ays  previous  ;  the 
first  Baptist  church  organized  in  the  Maritime  Prov- 
inces. Mr.  Pierson  continued  pastor  till  his  re- 
moval to  New  Brunswick  in  1791,  where  he  died 
some  years  after. 

Pike,  Rev.  James  C,  an  eminent  minister  of 
the  English  General  Baptists,  and  for  twenty-two 
years  secretary  of  their  Foreign  Missions,  wa.s  born 
June  26,  1817.  His  father,  the  author  of  "  Persua- 
sives to  Early  Piety,"  was  gratified  to  see  in  his  own 
59 


son  what  he  so  earnestly  commended  to  the  young' 
generally.  After  a  course  of  study  at  Stepney  Col- 
lege, he  commenced  his  ministry  at  Wisbech,  as  a.s- 
sistant  to  the  Rev.  .Joseph  .Jarrom.  He  labored 
here  fourteen  years,  and  then  removed  to  Leices- 
ter, where,  in  two  pastorates,  he  spent  the  remain- 
ing years  of  his  life.  In  ISoo  he  was  chosen  secre- 
tary of  the  Foreign  Missions,  in  the  place  of  his 
father,  to  whose  faith  and  zeal  it  owed  its  origin. 
His  industry  and  courage,  as  well  as  bodily  strengti), 
were  severely  taxed  by  (he  burdens  laid  upon  him 
as  a  pastor  of  a  large  church  and  the  responsible 
director  of  the  n)issionary  work.  But  he  was  a 
workman  who  needed  not  to  be  ashamed.  He  died 
August,  1876,  ased  fifty-nine  years. 

Pike,  Rev.  John  G.,  was  bom  at  Edmonton, 
England,  .\pril  li.  1784.  His  father,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Pike,  had  formerly  been  a  clergyman  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church,  from  which  he  seceded  for  conscience' 
sake,  and  became  the  minister  of  a  Presbyterian 
congregation  in  the  neighborhood  of  London. 
When  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  was  entered  as  a 
student  for  the  ministry  at  an  Independent  college. 
Whilst  pursuing  his  studies  the  subject  of  baptism 
powerfully  attracted  his  mind,  and  he  was  led  by 
his  convictions  to  aliandon  the  Pedobaptist  senti- 
ments in  which  he  had  been  brought  up.  lie  was 
baptized  by  the  only  Baptist  minister  he  was  ac- 
quainted with  in  August,  1804,  but  did  not  join 
any  Baptist  church  until  18()S,  when  he  was  re- 
ceived into  the  church  in  London  under  the  pastoral 
care  of  the  eminent  General  Baptist  minister,  Dan 
Taylor,  by  which  he  was  soon  after  formally  licensed 
to  preach.  After  preaching  for  some  time  without 
a  fixed  engagement,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Gen- 
eral Baptist  church  in  Derby.  His  success  was 
attested  liy  the  rapid  increase  of  the  congregation 
and  numerous  baptisms.  The  church  edifice  was 
inadequate,  and,  notwithstanding  the  commercial 
depression  of  the  period,  a  new  and  much  larger 
building  was  erected.  Ilis  scanty  income  obliged 
him  to  commence  a  Itoarding-school  for  the  support 
of  his  family,  but  his  ministerial  labors  were  abun- 
dant in  Derby  and  all  the  neighborhood.  He  threw 
himself  heartily  into  the  work  of  foreign  missions, 
and  co-operated  with  Andrew  Fuller  and  the  Par- 
ticular Baptists  until  the  General  Baptist  Mission 
was  org.anized.  Mr.  Pike  was  immediately  chosen 
secretary  of  the  society.  Besides  these  labors  his 
pen  was  ever  busy.  His  •■  Persuasives  to  Early 
Piety"  and  "Guide  for  Young  Disciples"  hatl  a 
wide  circulation  and  were  eminently  useful.  Be- 
sides these  works,  which  are  everywhere  known 
and  deservedly  esteemed,  he  wrote  other  practical 
works  of  great  value.  During  his  long  pastorate 
at  Derby,  which  was  terminated  only  by  his  death, 
he  lived  in  the  affection  of  his  people  and  enjoyed 
the  esteem  of  all  classes  of  the  cnmmunitv.     He 


riLGJlI.V 


922 


PITMAN 


died  sudilenly,  seated  at  liis  desk  with  his  pen  in 
liaiid,  Sept.  4.  ISo.O.  ajred  seventy. 

Pilgrim,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  was  bom  in  Mid- 
dlese.x  Co.,  Conn.,  Dee.  I'.l,  I.S05;  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  spent  a  time  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  under 
llic  tuition  of  Nathaniel  Kendiick  and  Daniel  Ilas- 
eall.  His  health  failing  him,  in  1S"J7,  he  left  Ham- 
ilton, and  by  the  Western  waters  came  to  New 
Orleans,  where,  after  waiting  some  time,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  a  passage  on  a  schooner  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Bi-azos  River,  in  the  then  Mexican 
province  of  Texas.  He  accepted  service  as  a  teacher 
of  the  children  of  Mexican  hidalgos,  and  assisti'il 
Stephen  F.  Austin  in  translating  from  Spanish  into 
English  the  laws  of  Mexico,  thus  acquiring  a  thor- 
ough command  of  the  Spanish  language.  For  the 
most  of  his  life  he  was  occupied  as  a  teacher  with 
signal  success,  instructing  such  men  as  James  H. 
Bell,  M.  .Vustin  Bryan,  and  Guy  .M.  Bryan.  He 
organized  and  conducted  the  first  Sunday-school 
ever  originated  in  Ttfxas.  In  establishing  Sunday- 
schools,  teaching  Bible -classes,  distributing  the 
Bible,  and  managing  Gonzales  College  he  spent 
most  of  his  life.  After  coming  to  Texas  he  gave 
up  the  duties  of  the  ministry,  but  lived  and  acted 
as  a  consistent,  devoted  Christian,  taking  a  deep 
interest  in  the  education  of  the  young  men  pro- 
posing to  enter  the  Christian  ministry,  and  giving 
liberally  to  their  support.  He  died  at  Gonzales, 
Texas.  Oct.  29.  \x". 

Pillsbury,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  born  in  Ames- 
bury,  Mass.,  Oct.  30,  1781.  Hopefully  converted 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  church  in  Sutton,  N.  H.  Having 
decided  to  give  his  life  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
he  preached  as  a  licentiate  in  different  places.  He 
was  ordained  in  Hebron,  N.  H.,  whore  he  remained 
fifteen  years.  In  1830  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Sutton,  where  his  labors  were  much 
blessed  during  his  five  years'  psistorate.  His  next 
pastorates  were  at  Dumbarton  and  at  Londonderry, 
N.  H.     In  the  latter  place  he  died,  Jan.  22,  1851. 

Pingry,  Judge  William  M.,  was  born  at  Salis- 
bury, N.  H.,  May  28,  1800,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Vermont  in  June,  1832.  He  wjus  bap- 
tized in  1831,  and  at  once  identified  himself  with 
the  interests  of  his  denomination  in  the  State  of 
Vermont.  In  1841  he  removed  to  Perkinsville,  and 
became  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
pl.ice.  He  has  occupied  several  of  the  most  prom- 
inent positions  in  Baptist  organizations  in  the 
State.  From  1838  to  1840  he  was  judge  of  the 
Washington  County  Court.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  constitutional  convention  in  1850, 
State  auditor  from  1853  to  1860,  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  house  of  representatives  in  1860.  1861, 
and  1868,  and  of  the  senate  in  1809,  1870.  He  has 
practised  his  profession  since  June,  1832,  excepting 


that  from   November,    1854,   to  August,   18.57,  he 
was  cashier  of  a   bank.     Dartmouth  College  con- 


JUDGF.    HII.I.IAM     M.    PINGRV. 

ferred  on   him.  in   1860,  the  honorary  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts. 

Pitman,  Judge  John,  the  son  of  Rev.  John 
Pitman,  was  born  in  Providence,  Fob.  23,  1785. 
Such  was  his  precocity  that  he  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity before  he  had  completed  his  eleventh  year. 
He  graduated  in  the  year  1799,  and  though  but  a 
mere  lad  of  fourteen,  commenced  the  study  of  law. 
which  he  pursued  for  two  years  and  a  half,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  was  prepared  to  be  admitted 
to  the  Rhode  Island  bar.  He  was  too  young,  how- 
ever, to  practice  his  profession,  and  in  order  to 
perfect  himself  in  his  studies  he  was  placed  under 
the  direction  of  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Poughkeep- 
sie,  N.  Y.,  Hon.  Theodorus  Bailey.  After  various 
fortunes  in  different  localities  he  returned  to  his 
native  city  and  opened  a  law-office,  and  for  several 
years  practised  in  the  Rhode  Island  courts.  He 
then  took  up  his  residence  in  Salem,  Miiss.,  and 
subsequently  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H..  and  thus  be- 
came familiar  with  the  practice  of  law  in  the  courts 
of  those  States.  Once  more  he  returned  to  Prnvi- 
denco,  and  continued  his  residence  therefrom  1820 
to  the  close  of  his  life.  In  1824  he  was  appointed 
U.  .S.  district  judge  for  the  district  of  Rhode  Island. 
During  this  long  period  of  professional  service  he 
proved  himself  a  public-spirited  citizen,  always 
throwing  the  weight  of  his  influence  on  the  side  of 
any  plan  or  organization  which  had  for  its  object 
the  improvement  of  his   fellow-men.      He   was  a 


PITMAN 


923 


POIXDEXTER 


member  of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University 
for  thirty-sis  years,  six  years  as  a  trustee  and 
thirty  years  as  a  Fellow.  His  college  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  1842. 


JUDGE    JDIIV     riTMAX. 


Few  men  have  more  thoroughly  won  the  respect 
and  affection  of  the  community  in  which  they  lived 
than  .Judge  Pitman.  Loyal  to  the  faith  of  his 
fathers,  he  was  a  firm  Baptist,  and  a  devout  wor- 
shiper in  the  venerable  church  in  which  for  so 
many  years  he  had  a  seat.  Although,  like  his  long 
cherished  friend,  Nicholas  Brown,  he  never  made  a 
public  profession  of  his  faith,  he  nevertheless  ■■  il- 
lustrated the  strict  integrity,  the  devout  humility, 
and  the  exemplary  life  of  a  Christian  man."  llis 
death  took  place  in  Providence,  Nov.  17.  1864, 
when  he  wa-s  within  less  than  four  months  of  being 
eighty  years  of  age. 

Pitman,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Boston,  April 
26,  ITol.  Early  in  life  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn 
the  business  of  a  rope-maker.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  Feb.  24,  1771,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  He 
renioveil  to  Philadelphia  in  1774.  For  some  time 
he  was  in  the  Continental  army  during  the  Kevolu- 
tiiinary  war.  He  bogan  to  pre.-ich  probably  in 
1777,  and  in  October  of  this  year  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Upper  Freehold,  N.  J.,  where 
he  remained  until  March  10,  1780.  For  two  or 
three  years  he  was  without  a  settlement.  He  re- 
moved to  Providence,  R.  L,  in  17S4,  and  was  occu- 
pied with  secular  pursuits  and  preaching  for  the 
next  two  years,  and  in  October,  1786,  was  called 


to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Warren,  R.  I., 
where  be  continued  until  1790,  when  he  returned 
to  Providence,  where  he  resided  for  several  years, 
during  a  few  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  of  the 
church  in  the  neighboring  town  of  Pawtucket.  In 
1797  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Reholjoth,  • 
Mass.,  where  for  nearly  all  the  rest  of  his  life  he 
lived,  dying  -July  22,  1822. 

Pitts,  Rev.  Y.  R.,  was  born  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky., 
Nov.  8,  1812.  His  parents  were  Younger  and 
Elizabeth  T.  Pitts.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
but  twelve  years  of  age  ;  his  mother  was  left  a 
widow  with  eight  children.  She  was  a  remark- 
able Christian  woman,  and  she  was  much  assisted 
by  her  son  ;  between  them  there  existed  a  tender 
relation  of  heart  devotion.  He  removed  to  Mis- 
souri in  1860.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  Georgetown,  Ky.. 
Nov.  2.3,  1841.  The  ordaining  council  were -J.  D. 
Block,  J.  M.  Frost,  Howard  Malcom,  D.D.,  presi- 
dent of  Georgetown  College,  R.  T.  Dillard,  B.  F. 
Kinney,  and  William  Craig.  He  was  pastor  at 
Elkhart,  Ky.,  thirteen  years.  He  labored  also  at 
Williamstown,  Blue  Creek,  and  elsewhere.  In 
Missouri  he  was  pastor  at  Fayette.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  about  to  enter  upon  an  agency 
for  William  Jewell  College.  He  died  at  Clinton. 
Mo.,  in  October,  1870,  to  which  place  he  had  gone 
to  attend  the  General  Association  of  Missouri.  A 
neat  marble  monument  marks  his  resting-place  in 
the  city  cemetery  at  Iluntsville,  Mo.  He  was  a 
man  of  high  character,  and  a  faithful  minister  of 
Christ. 

Piatt,  Rev.  Edward  Francis,  was  bom  at 
Schruon  Lake,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  10,  1821,  and  was  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
the  same  place  in  1^-38.  At  an  early  period  in  his 
Christian  life  he  made  choice  of  the  ministry,  and 
pursued  a  course  of  studies  under  the  instruction 
of  Rev.  W.  W.  Mnore,  of  Lansingburg,  N.  Y.  He 
commenced  preaching  in  Cairo,  N.  Y.,  in  1845, 
and  in  the  following  year  was  ordained  at  that  place 
to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  1S47  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  church,  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  labored  with  great  success  for  live  and  a  half 
years.  Being  obliged  by  ill  health  to  resign  this 
pastorate,  he  went  West,  and  in  1853  became  pastor 
of  a  young  and  struggling  church  at  Toledo,  O., 
under  the  direction  of  the  Home  Mission  Society. 
Here  he  labored  with  untiring  zeal  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  Nov.  21,  1866.  During  this  period 
of  tliirteen  years  he  won  the  hearts  of  all  by  his 
purity  of  life,  his  devotion  to  the  cause  of  Christ, 
and  his  pulpit  abilities.  His  death  was  felt  to  be 
a  great  loss  not  only  in  Toledo,  but  in  the  entire 
State. 

Poindexter,  Abram  Maer,  D.D.,  w.as  born  in 
Bertie  Co.,  N.  C,  Sept.  22,  1809.     His  father  was 


POINDKXTER 


931 


POLLARD 


the  Rev.  Ricliaril  I'oindestev,  of  Louisa  Co.,  Va., 
wlio,  on  the  occasion  of  his  nuirviai;e  with  Mrs. 
Jordan,  of  North  Carolina,  removed  to  that  State. 
Young  Poindexter's  early  educational  advantages 
were  good,  and  he  applied  himself  cUisely  to  the 
ordinary  studies  preliminary  to  a  collej;e  course. 
While  still  quite  young  he  entered  the  Columbian 
College,  but  owing  to  fcelile  healtli  his  studies 
tliere  were  interrupted,  and  alter  a  brief  period  he 
was  compelled  to  abandon  them  and  return  to  liis 
home.  In  1831  lie  maile  a  profession  of  religion  ; 
in  1S32  he  was  licensed  to  iireaeh,  and  in  1834  he 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry. 
For  some  time  before  his  ordination  he  was  the 
companion,  student,  ami  co-laborer  of  the  Rev.  A. 
AV.  Clopton,  the  popular  and  useful  pastor  of  Bap- 
tist churches  in  Charlotte  Co.,  Va.,  from  whose 
gifted  mind  and  heart,  as  well  as  varied  and  ripe 
experience  in  pastoral  duties,  he  derived  valuable 
and  life-long  impressions  for  good,  (iuite  early  in 
life  Dr.  Poindexter  married  iMrs.  Eliza  Craddock, 
a  lady  of  great  excellence  of  character,  after  which 
he  resided  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  where  most  of  his 
mature  life  was  spent.  From  the  very  beginning 
of  his  ministry  he  displayed  unusual  talents,  and 
was  esteemed  the  most  promising  young  minister 
of  his  time.  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Poindexter  was 
deservedly  held  in  very  high  regard,  especially 
with  large  out-door  assemblies,  such  as  convene  at 
Associational  meetings.  On  such  occasions  his 
preaching  was  frequently  distinguished  by  great 
fluency  and  power  of  speech,  unusual  vigor. and 
depth  of  thought,  a  beautiful  logical  consecutive- 
ness  in  the  development  of  truth,  and  an  earnest- 
ness and  impetuosity  of  manner  that  swayed  and 
ijioved  the  masses  with  resistless  power.  As  a 
thinker  he  had  but  few  equals.  His  intellect  was 
clear,  active,  strong,  and  original.  His  thoughts 
were  pre-eminently  his  own.  He  called  no  man 
master,  excepting  always  the  great  Teacher.  As 
an  extemporaneous  debater  he  stood  almost  alone 
among  disputants  ;  and  so  accurate  was  his  method, 
.so  precise  his  arguments,  so  correct  his  style,  that 
a  verbatim  report  of  his  remarks  would  rarely  re- 
quire the  least  revision  for  publication.  As  an 
agent  for  the  Columbian  and  Richmond  Colleges 
he  was  greatly  successful,  while  as  secretary  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  after- 
wards as  co-secretary  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  he  won  a 
noble  reputation  for  energy  and  executive  ability. 
His  impressive  appeals  in  behalf  of  missions  and 
education  stimulated  the  zeal,  enlisted  the  interest, 
and  secured  the  contributions  of  large  numbers 
throughout  the  South,  and  gave  an  impetus  to  those 
causes  which  they  still  feel.  He  was  a  man  of 
deep  C(mvictions  and  intense  feeling.  His  words 
were  indeed  the  outer  imaije  of  his   inmost  soul. 


He  believed,  and  therefore  he  spoke :  and  when  he 
spoke  men  had  no  hesitatirm  in  saying,  here  is  a 
Christian  man  who  will  part  with  his  life  rather 
than  with  his  convictions  of  right  and  duty.  Dr. 
Poindexter,  like  many  of  his  brethren  in  the  min- 
istry, was  called,  in  the  providence  of  God,  to  pass 
through  dark  waters  of  affliction.  Two  promising 
.sons  were  taken  from  him  during  the  war,  one  by 
the  accidental  discharge  of  his  own  pistol,  and  the 
other  at  the  head  of  his  company,  by  a  bullet  of  the 
enemy.  The  ravages  of  war  swept  away  his  estate  ; 
and  to  crown  his  sorrows  his  estimable  wife  soon 
passed  away  from  his  desolated  home,  leaving 
among  the  wrecks  an  only  daughter,  who  has 
since  died,  who  was  married  to  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Tay- 
lor, Jr.,  now  of  Wilmington,  N.  C.  In  1S43  the 
Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  D.n.     Ho  (lied  May  7,  1872. 

Pollard,  John,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Goochland  Co., 
Va.,  July  14,  1SU3.  The  maiden  name  of  his 
mother  was  Catherine  Robinson,  of  the  same  family 
with  Speaker  Rolnnson,  of  the  house  of  burgessea 
of  Virginia,  who  was  presiding  over  that  body  at 
the  time  Patrick  Henry  made  his  celebrated  speech 
against  the  British  crown,  and  who  was  the  first  to 
cry  "treason  !'"  when  the  great  orator  closed  with 
the  startling  utterance,  "Caesar  had  his  Brutus, 
etc."  One  of  his  uncles  was  private  secretary  to 
Chief-Justice  Marshall,  and  one  of  his  aunts,  wife 
of  the  distinguished  Judge  Pendleton,  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Court  of  Appeals.  His  education  was  re- 
ceived in  a  school  at  Hanover  Court-Honse,  and 
comprised  the  ordinary  English  branches  and  some 
acquaintance  with  Latin.  He  learned  much  after- 
wards in  the  office  of  his  uncle,  R.  Pollard,  clerk 
of  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  with  whom  he  served 
as  deputy  from  his  seventeenth  to  his  twenty-first 
year.  When  of  age  he  settled  in  King  and  Queen 
County,  farming  .and  practising  law.  In  1826  he 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Lower 
King  and  Queen  church  t)y  Rev.  Wm.  Todd.  Sub- 
sequently he  withdrew,  with  others,  to  form  the 
Mattapony  church,  of  which  ho  continued  a  member 
until  his  death,  having  been  thirt3--five  years  one 
of  its  deacons,  and  thirty-four  years  the  superin- 
tendent of  its  Sunday-school.  He  was  an  ardent 
supporter  of  denominational  enterprises,  and  was 
noted  for  his  hospitality,  especially  to  Baptist  min- 
isters, many  of  whom,  such  as  Luther  Rice,  Eli 
Bell,  Valentine  Mason,  Andrew  Broaddus,  and 
AVilliam  F.  Broaddus,  were  frocjuontly  found  at  his 
cheerful  fireside.  He  was  at  diBcrent  times  com- 
missioner of  revenue,  a  justice  of  the  County  Court, 
and  high  sheriff.  Mr.  Pollard  was  very  strong  in 
his  attachments  to  the  Columbian  College,  to  which 
he  contributed  liberally  and  frequently,  and  at 
which  institution  four  of  his  sons  were  educated  ; 
while  at  the  same   time  friendly  to  otlior  institu- 


POLLARD 


925 


POOLS 


tions  of  learning.  lie  was  a  man  of  very  decided 
principles,  and  of  remarkable  liveliness  of  temper- 
ament, lie  died  Sept.  13,  1877.  It  is  a  note- 
wortliy  fart,  tliat  of  his  seven  children  and  twenty- 
eight  gi'andchililren  siirvivin;;  him,  all  that  Iiave 
attained  the  age  of  twelve  years  are  useful  mem- 
bers (if  Baptist  churches. 

Pollard,  John,  L.D.,  son  of  .lohn  Pollard  and 
Juliet  .IiliVii's,  sister  of  Judji;e  J.  M.  Jetfries,  of  the 
second  judicial  circuit  of  Virginia,  was  born  Nov. 
17,  IS^iy,  in  King  and  (iueen  Co.,  Va.  lie  began 
his  education  at  Stevensville  Academy,  and  com- 
pleted it  at  the  Columbian  College,  AVashington, 
D.  C,  where  he  graduated  with  the  higliest  honors 
in  18(50.  After  his  graduation  he  remained  as  tutor 
of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  college  during  tlie  session 
of  IJSfiU-Gl,  an<i  also  took  a  private  course  in  the- 
ology under  Kev.  G.  AV.  Samson,  D.D.,  at  that  time 
president  of  the  college.  lie  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  July  14,  1861,  and  became  pastor  of  Her- 
mitage and  Clarke's  Neck  churches,  Middlesex  Co., 
Va.,  with  which  he  remained  nine  years,  until  Octo- 
iber,  1870,  when  he  aecepteil  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
of  Lee  Street  Baptist  church,  Baltimore.  Mr.  Pol- 
lard has  pul)lished  a  compendious  history  of  the 
Lee  Street  churcli,  and  was  appointed  by  the  Ex- 
ecutive Board  of  the  Maryland  Union  Association 
to  finish  the  "  History  of  the  Churches"'  connected 
with  tliat  body,  liegun  by  the  late  Dr.  G.  F.  Adams, 
in  which  desiralilc  work  considcraljle  progress  has 
been  made.  He  has  contributed  occasional  articles 
also  to  the  religious  papers.  For  three  successive 
sessions  of  the  Maryland  Union  Association,  em- 
bracing not  only  the  churches  of  the  whole  of 
^Maryland,  but  also  those  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, he  has  been  its  efficient  moderator.  The 
•Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him,  in  1867, 
the  degree  of  A.M.  in  course,  and  in  1877  the  de- 
gree of  D.  I).  In  1880,  Dr.  Pollard  became  a  pastor 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  leaving  throngs  of  friends  in 
Baltimore. 

Pomeroy,  Caleb  M.,  w.as  born  at  old  Salem, 
Mass..  Aug.  8.  IS  10.  His  fatlier  died  when  he  was 
nine  years  of  age.  In  1831  he  rennived  to  Cincin- 
nati. He  became  a  resident  of  Quincy,  111.,  in 
1^37,  and  that  city  has  since  been  his  home. 
During  twenty-fiiur  years  he  was  a  successful 
pork-packer ;  then  for  fourteen  years  president  of 
tlic  First  National  Bank  in  Quincy.  In  \x\'l  he 
uniti'd  with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Quincy, 
and  was  elected  one  of  its  deacons  in  the  same 
year.  His  membership  and  office  he  continued  to 
hold  until  1837,  when  he  united  with  others  in 
forming  the  Vermont  Street  cliurch,  where  again 
he  was  called  tn  tlie  office  of  deacon.  For  thirty- 
three  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  tlie  .Sunday-school. 
Jlr.  Pomeroy  has  always  been  a  very  liberal  num. 
giving   largely  to   many  and  various   objects   of 


Christian  enterprise,  in  the  time  when  his  busi- 
ness prospered  making  these  gifts  in  hundreds  and 
thousands  of  dollars.  Reverses  in  business  have 
reduced  his  ability,  but  in  no  degree  aflectcd  his 
interest  or  his  readiness  to  give.  lie  is,  and  has 
always  been,  a  pillar  in  the  church. 

Pools  of  Jerusalem. — Of  all  cities  of  antiquity, 
in  proportion  to  area  and  population,  Jerusalem 
seems  to  have  been  the  most  abun<lantly  supplied 
with  water.  In  the  worse  straits  of  siege,  drought, 
or  famine,  during  its  checkered  and  eventful  his- 
tory, it  seems  never  to  have  suffered  from  such  a 
curtailment  of  its  water-supply  as  to  amount  to  a 
serious  calamity.  AVhile  there  is  no  stream  in  the 
near  vicinity  of  the  city  to  account  for  this  abun- 
dance, the  Kedron  being  but  a  brook  in  name,  yet 
such  sources  of  supply  as  were  available  seem  to 
have  been  so  utilized  that  the  city  could  always  be 
guarded  against  so  grave  an  evil  as  an  inadequate 
supply  of  water.  The  sources  of  this  supply  were 
the  natural  springs  without,  and  perhaps  within 
the  city,  and  the  drainage  of  the  winter  rains, 
gathered  into  public  and  private  pools,  tanks,  wells, 
and  cisterns.  In  most  cases  the  ultimate  and  most 
copious  .source  of  supply  for  the  larger  reservoirs 
werethe  springs  or  fountains  mentioned.  For  or- 
dinary domestic  uses  the  winter  rains  seem  to  have 
been  stored  in  private  cisterns  and  tanks.  Public 
institutions  appear  to  have  had  larger  cisterns  and 
reservoirs  for  their  special  wants.  Jlodern  explora- 
tion beneath  the  traditional  temple  area  has  fully 
brought  to  light  the  elaborate  system  of  water-sup- 
ply for  the  wants  of  the  ancient  tonple  service  and 
worshipers.  But  the  public  reservoirs  or  pools, 
to  which  we  now  confine  our  attention,  were  the 
receptacles  where  the  waters  were  most  abun- 
ilantly  collected,  and  most  freely  used  by  the  peo- 
ple. Outside  the  walls  of  the  modern  city  traces 
of  several  large  pools  can  now  be  discerned  which 
indicate  their  early  existence :  but  those  that  re- 
main, in  their  varying  degrees  of  preservation,  fully 
show  the  important  part  they  must  have  performed 
in  the  water-supply  of  the  city.  For  the  purposes 
of  convenience  we  may  begin  at  the  large  pool 
located  in  a  valley  or  basin  to  the  northwest  of  the 
modern  city.  This  pool  was  most  probably  built 
by  Solomon,  and  is  characterized  by  the  prophet 
Isaiah  as  "  the  old  pool"  (Isaiah  xxii.  1 1),  and  also 
as  "  the  upper  pool,  which  is  in  the  highway  of  the 
fuller's  field"  (2  Kings  xviii.  17).  It  is  excavated 
out  of  the  earth  and  limestone  rock,  the  walls,  like 
these  structures  in  general,  being  built  up  of  stones 
and  cement.  Here,  by  the  conduit  of  this  upper 
pool  (2  Kings  xviii.  17).  the  envoys  of  the  king  of 
Assyria  stood  when  they  delivered  the  message  of 
their  master  to  Hezekiah.  Dr.  Rid)inson  carefully 
measured  this  pool,  and  found  the  length  316  feet; 
breadth,  218  feet  at  one  end,  and  200  feet  at  the 


POOLS 


926 


POOLS 


other,  with  a  depth  of  IS  feet.     Steps  were  found 
at  tlie  corners  leading  down  to  the  bottom  of  tlie 
reservoir.    Originally,  the  pool  received  most  of  its 
supply,  in   all   probability,  from  the  neighboring 
springs  or  fountains  that  the  king  sealed  when  the 
city  was  besieged   during  his   reign:  but  nuw  the 
drainage  of  the  winter  rains  from  the  adjacent  hills 
appears  to  be  the  only  source  of  supply.     From  the 
dilapidated   condition  of  the  pool,   this,  however, 
soon  disappears.     At  the  northwest  angle  of  the 
city,  within  the  modern  walls,  and  near  the  Church 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  is  tlie  "  I'ool  of  Ile/.ekiah," 
supposed  to  be  referred  to  in  2  Kings  xx.  20,  where 
the  king  is  represented  as  making  a  pool  and  con- 
duit, and  bringing  water  into  the  city.     The  mod- 
ern name  is  Birket-el-Huramam, — the  Pool  of  the 
Bath, — from    its    supplying   a   neighboring   bath. 
During  the  rainy  season  the  water  is  brought  down 
from  the  Upper  Pool  referred  to  by  a  small  aque- 
duct that  enters  the  city  near  the  Yafa  Gate.     In 
October,  1871,  when  the  writer  of  the  present  arti- 
cle saw  this  pool,  the  quantity  of  water  did  not  suf- 
fice to  cover  the  floor,  which  sloped  considerably 
from  north  to  south.     At  the  northwest  angle  there 
is  the  usual  descent  by  steps  to  the  bottom  of  the 
reservoir.     The  people  of  the  neighborhood,  at  the 
present  time,  freely  use  the  pool  to  wash  and  fill 
their  water-jars.     The  length  of  the  pool,  accord- 
ing to  I'r.  Robinson,  is  240  feet;  its  breadth,  144 
feet.     On  the  opposite  side  of  the  city,  north  of  the 
Mosque  of  Omar,  and  near  the  eastern  wall,  is  an 
immense  excavation,  with  walls  of  stone   and  ce- 
ment, known  as  Birket  Israel,  or  Pool  of  Israel. 
Almost    uniform    tradition    identifies   the    modern 
Birket  Israel  as  the  "  Pool  of  Bethesda,"  in  our 
Lord's  time  described  as  having  five  porches,  and 
where  he  performed  a  striking  miracle. — John  v. 
2-7.     Dr.  Robinson,  though  standing  alone  among 
ancient  and  modern   authorities  in   his  views  re- 
specting  the   identity   of  the   modern   pool   with 
"  Bethesda,"  yet  admits  that  it  was  once  used  as  a 
reservoir.    The  limits  of  this  article  will  not  permit 
any  reference  in  detail  to  the   testimony  of  such 
witnesses  as  Eusebius,  Jerome,   and   others,  who 
describe  the  pool  as,  in  their  time,  divided  into  two 
sections,  filled  with  water,  but  evidently  the  same 
structure  as  the  single  pool  that  in  our  Lord's  day 
was  surrounded  by  covered  colonnades.     In  super- 
ficial area  this  pool  covers  more  than  an  acre  of 
ground.     It  is  360  feet  long,  130  feet  broad,  and 
75    feet  deep,   now  partly  choked   with    rubbish. 
Emerging  from  St.  Stephen's  Gate,  and  passing  a 
short  distance  down  the  bed  of  the  Kedron,  the 
modern  traveler  comes  to  a  natural  cave  or  grotto, 
from  the  bottom  of  which,  reached  by  a  flight  of 
steps  cut  in   the  rock,  issues  a  copious  supply  of 
water.     This  fountain  at  present  is  known  as  the 
"Fountain  of  the  Virgin,"  and  is  the  same,  in  all 


probability,  as  the  King's  Pool  mentioned  by  Nehe- 
miah. — Xeh.  ii.  14.     The  giMieral  dimensions  of  the 
grotto  are  15  feet  in  length,  5  or  fi  feet  in  width, 
and  6  or  8  feet  in  height.     The  water  in  the  basin 
varies  in  depth  from  one  to  three  feet,  but  can  be 
indefinitely  increased  in  quantity  by  slightly  dam- 
ming or  obstructing  tiie  outlet.     This  fountain  is 
much  resorted  to  by  the  jioorer  classes  of  tlie  mod- 
ern city.     Recent  discoveries  leave  little  room  to 
doubt  that  the  "  B'ountain  of  the  Virgin"  derives  its 
•supply  from  the  reservoirs  beneath  the  temple  area, 
in  turn  replenished,  it  is  believed,  by  subterranean 
conduits,  not  yet  discovered,  from  the  springs  that 
were  sealed   by  King  Ilezekiah  wlien  the  ancient 
city  was  besieged.     By  an  underground  passage  of 
little  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length,  the 
"  Fountain  of  the  Virgin"  pours  its  surplus  waters 
into  the  Birket-es-Silw.ln, — the  ancient   "  Pool  of 
Siloam."     Accepting  tlie  measurement  of  Dr.  Bar- 
clay, the  pool  is  17  feet  at  the  upper  end,  14i  feet 
at  the  lower,  and  ISJ   feet  in  depth.     It  is  now 
never  filled,  the  water  easily  passing  through  it  by 
an  outlet  at  the  lower  end.     The  walls  are  very 
much  out  of  repair,  so  that  it  would  be  impossible 
for  the  pool,  under  existing  circumstances,  to  be 
cliarged  with   the  volume  of  water  it  must  have 
originally  received.     A  short  distance  back  of  the 
pool,   up  the   hill,  is  a  smaller  reservoir,  0  or  S 
feet  wide  by  8  or  10  feet  in  length.     This  tank  re- 
ceives first  the  overflow  from  the  "  Fountain  of  the 
Virgin,"  and  then  pours  it  into  the  adjoining  "  Pool 
of  Siloam."     The  bottom  of  this  upper  liasin,  or 
that  of  the  adjacent  pool  itself,  may  be  reached  by 
a  flight  of  steps,  and  the  water  graduated  in  depth 
by  temporarily  damming  tlie  outlet  of  one  or  the 
other.    "  The  Lower  Pool  of  Gilion."'  situated  to  the 
west  of  the  city,  in  the  valley  of  that  name,  and 
now  known  as  Birket-es-Sultan,  was  the  largest  in 
or  near  the  city.     This  pool,  or  lake,  was  formed 
by  damming  up  the  bed  of  the  valley,  so  as  to  con- 
fine the  overflow  of  the  Upper  Pool,  described  as 
situated  to  the  northwest  of  the  city.     Dams  across 
the  valley  form   the  ends,  while  its  lied,  sloping 
gently  on  either  side,  forms  the  sides  of  this  im- 
mense reservoir.     By  a  careful  measurement.  Dr. 
Robinson  found  the  length  along  the  centre,  592 
feet;   the  breadth  at  the  north  end,  245  feet;  at 
the  south,  275  feet.     The  depth  at  the  north  end 
is  35  feet;  at  the  south.  42  feet.     This  pool  owes 
its  construction  most  probably  to  Ilezekiah,  and 
may  be  referred   to  in  2  Chron.  xxxii.  30.     It  is 
now  dry,  and  is  not  unfrequently  used  as  a  corral 
for  camels.     In  the  time  of  the  Crusades,  from  the 
accounts  that  have  been  transmitted,  it  was  abun- 
dantly charged  with  water,  and  appears  to  have 
been  a  great  watering-place  for  horses.     From  the 
Upper  Pool,  the  rains,  and  the  aqueduct  passing 
near  by  from  the  pools  near  Bethlehem,  the  vohiine 


POOLS 


927 


POPE 


of  water  in  this  great  reservoir,  deriveil  from  these 
several  sources,  must  have  been  jiraetieully  inex- 
haustible. This,  of  course,  could  have  only  been 
the  case  when  the  pools  and  aqueducts  were  very 
different  in  condition  and  repair  from  that  seen  at 
the  present  day. 

In  any  enumeration  of  the  public  pools  of  the 
ancient  city  mention  at  least  must  be  made  of 
three  immense  pools  situated  near  Bethlehem,  con- 
structed by  Solomon,  and  known  as  "  Solomon's 
Pools."  They  are  fed  by  natural  springs  in  the 
vicinity.  They  were  built  for  the  use  of  the  Holy 
City,  and  as  they  now,  by  an  aqueduct,  send  their 
wholesome  waters  within  its  walls,  so  in  the  past 
they  must  have  played  an  important  part  in  the 
water  resourcres  of  the  city. 

The  pools  in  or  near  Jerusalem  known  to  have 
existed  in  the  time  of  our  Lord,  where  they  can 
with  sufficient  positiveness  be  identified,  have  now 
been  considered.  That  they  were  all  in  f;ood  re- 
pair and  thoroughly  fitted,  in  the  days  of  the  Apo.s- 
tles,  to  serve  the  purposes  of  tlieir  construction, 
there  is  .scarcely  reason  to  doubt ;  for  a  generation 
had  not  elapsed  since  Herod  carefully  repaired  and 
strengthened  the  pools  and  reservoirs  in  and  near 
the  capital  of  bis  kingdom.  The  assumption  by 
I'edobaptists  that  the  rite  of  immersion  could  not 
have  been  a<lniinistered  in  connection  with  the 
31)00  converts  of  Pentecost  on  a  single  day,  beoau.se 
there  could  have  been  no  facilities  for  baptism  on 
such  a  scale,  is  not  only  untenable,  but  preposterous 
in  the  light  of  what  has  been  advanced.  These 
pools  at  that  time,  even  under  unfavorable  circum- 
stances, must  not  only  have  contained  a  sufficient 
depth  of  water  for  the  purpose,  but,  as  a  necessary 
appliance,  steps  appear  to  have  been  built  for 
entering  them.  In  the  case  of  the  largest  of  them, 
the  "  Lower  Pool  of  Gihon,''  the  sloping  sides  of 
the  valley  were  peculiarly  fitted  for  entering  the 
pool  to  any  required  depth.  The  multitude  of 
sick  people  lingering  and  waiting  at  the  "  Pool  of 
I5ethesda"  when  the  impotent  man  was  healed, 
indicates  that  in  on<\  of  the  largest  reservoirs, 
if  it  does  not  establish  the  fact  respecting  the 
others,  the  people  were  accustomed  freely  to  enter. 
Kven  nolo  the  compai'atively  small  basin  at  the 
bottom  of  the  "  Fountain  of  the  Virgin"  would  fur- 
nish an  excellent  baptistery,  if  there  were  need  of 
so  employing  it.  The  "  Pool  of  Siloam"  near  by, 
must  have  been,  as  it  would  be  now  if  in  repair, 
still  better  fitted  for  the  purpose.  Moreover,  the 
sloping  floors  of  "the  Upper  Pool  of  (iihon"  and 
the  neighboring  "  Pool  of  Ilezekiah"  show  con- 
clusively that  these  pools  could  be  entered  to  any 
depth  suitable  for  bathing,  and  hence  for  immer- 
sion. The  first  converts  appear  at  the  outset  to 
have  worshiped  in  the  temple  unmolested.  "They 
grew  in  favor  with  all  the  people."     Popular  sym- 


pathy was  with  them.  The  spirit  of  intolerance 
had  hardly  begun  to  manifest  itself,  as  ii  did  .so 
virulently  afterwards.  It  is  not  likely,  therefore, 
there  was  any  opposition  to  the  use  of  the  public 
pools  in  administering  the  rite  of  baptism  to  the 
Pentecostal  converts,  or  the  multitudes  subse- 
quently. In  the  "Lower  Pool  of  (iihon"  alone. — 
the  largest,  and  the  one  perhaps  most  extensively 
used, — with  the  Apostles  and  the  Seventy  as  possi- 
ble administrators,  any  reasonable  objection  against 
the  immersion  of  the  3000  on  the  day  of  Pentecost, 
or  any  number  later,  at  once  vanishes;  and  when 
the  facilities  furnished  by  the  other  pools  are  taken 
into  ciinsideraticm,  the  absurdity  of  tlu!  objections 
against  the  immersion  of  a  large  number,  as  to 
time  and  quantity  of  water,  becomes  still  more 
apparent. 

Pope,  Rev.  George. — This  useful  minister  was 
pastor  of  Abbott's  Creek  Church,  Davidson  Co., 
N.  C.  He  was  repeatedly  moderator  of  the  Sandy 
Creek  Association,  and  during  the  great  revival 
of  1800  .baptized  500  persons.  He  baptized  the 
elder  Dr.  W.  T.  Brantly  into  the  fellowship  of 
May's  chapel. 

Pope,  John  Francis,  was  born  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.,  .Jan.  22.  1823  ;  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
'iixteen,  and  baptized  by  Dr.  Ilenry  Jackson.  lie 
was  a  graduate  of  Harvard.  Mr.  Pope  was  among 
the  early  pioneers  to  California,  arriving  there  in 
August,  1849,  and,  with  his  wife,  joined  the  First 
Baptist  church,  San  Francisco,  and  became  one  of 
its  most  influential  members,  holding  the  position 
of  deacon  from  July,  18.34,  twenty-five  years.  He 
occupied  important  positions  in  the  school  depart- 
ment of  the  city,  and  assisted  in  establishing  its 
high  schools.  In  denominational  matters  he  held 
high  official  positions  in  the  Associations,  Conven- 
tions, and  college  boards,  and  did  much  to  impress 
upon  the  State  his  own  character  as  a  Christian 
and  an  enlightened  Bajilist.  At  the  quarter  cen- 
tennial of  the  organization  of  the  San  Francisco 
Baptist  Association,  in  1874,  he  was  the  moderator. 

Pope,  Rev.  0.  C,  the  managing  editor  of  the 
7'fxa.v  liitptist  Herald,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1842,  in 
Washington  Co.,  Ga.  ;  was  educated  at  Mercer 
University,  Penfield,  Ga.,  and  graduated  regularly 
from  its  theological  department;  connected  him- 
self with  the  Baptist  church  in  August,  1858. 
Since  entering  the  ministry  he  has  served  Louis- 
ville church,  Ga.,  Morristown,  Tenn.,  and  Central 
Baptist  church,  N.ishville,  Tenn.  Ho  has  acted  as 
secretary  of  Mercer  .Association,  Ga.,  Nolachucky 
Association,  Tenn.,  and  corresponding  and  record- 
ing secretary  of  the  General  Association  of  East 
Tennessee.  He  founded  and  edited  for  two  years 
the  Baptist  Jieflectar,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  is 
in  the  vigor  of  his  manhood,  and  promises  to  make 
the  Herald  a  power  for  good  in  Texas. 


PORTER 


928 


POST 


Porter,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Erie  Co., 
Pa..  .May  :;,  IMI?),  of  Cun^reiiational  parents;  wius 
married,  convertcil,  and  liaptized  in  l>ela\vare  Co., 
0. ;  joined  tlie  Mill  Creels  cluircli,  and  was  ordained 
by  it  in  1S3S.  He  was  pastor  and  n\issionary  in 
and  nruiind  the  region  of  the  church  till  1847, 
when  he  moved  to  Oregon, -settled  on  the  "  West 
Plain,"  near  Forest  Grove  ;  served  the  West  Union 
church, — the  fir>t  Baptist  eliurch  organized  west 
of  the  Kocky  Mountains, — the  West  Tualatin  and 
other  churches,  and  for  twenty  years  kept  alive 
{with  the  aid  of  Deacon  D.  T.  Lenox)  the  Baptist 
denomination  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Willamette 
Valley,  west  of  the  river.  He  was  both  doctrinal 
and  practical,  e.ttenipore  and  pathetic,  swaying  his 
liearers  with  a  wonderful  power.  Having  done 
much  work  for  Christ,  he  died  Nov.  29,  1872, 
mourned  by  a  multitude  who  revered  him  as  their 
spiritual  father  and  guide  in  religious  life. 

Posey,  Rev.  Humplirey,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  was  distinguished  for  his  benevolent  spirit 


REV.  IlIMPIIREV    rOSEV. 

and  great  abilities.  He  w.as  above  the  ordinary 
size,  with  a  large  frame  and  fine  face  and  head. 
Born  in  Henry  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  12,  1780,  he  com- 
menced preaching  in  1803,  and  was  ordained  in 
18U.5.  in  Buncombe  Co.,  N.  C,  and,  among  others, 
preaclied  to  the  Cherokee  Indians.  lie  was  regu- 
larly appointed  a  missionary  to  the  Clierokees  at 
Valley  Town,  in  North  Carolina,  by  the  Baptist 
Mission  Board,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1817,  and  main- 
tained his  connection  with  the  mission  until  1824, 
accomplishing  great  good.     In  1824  he  settled  in 


Cherokee,  Ga.,  and  became  a  very  successful  agent 
for  the  Hcarn  .'^chooI,  relieving  it  of  much  pecuniary 
emliarrassmcnt.  In  ls44  he  married  asecimd  time, 
and  removed  to  Xewnan,  where  he  died,  Dec.  28, 
1846.  Dr.  .J.  H.  Campbell,  in  his  "  Georgia  Bap- 
tists,"' records  it  "  as  his  deliberate  conviction  that 
Humphrey  Posey  was  naturally  one  of  the  greatest 
men,  and,  for  his  limited  opportunities,  one  of  the 
greatest  preachers  he  Ims  ever  known.  His  person, 
his  countenance,  his  voice,  the  throes  of  his  gigantic 
mind,  the  conceptions  of  his  large  Christian  soul. 
— all  proclaimed  him  great."  The  first  time  Dr. 
Campbell  ever  met  him  was  at  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Convention,  in  183.J,  near  Penfield,  and  the  doctor 
says,  "  Such  men  as  Mercer.  Sanders,  Dawson, 
Thornton,  Mallary,  Brooks,  and  otiiers  were  there, 
but  Posey  was  a  giant  among  them  all.''  Dr.  C. 
D.  Mallary  wrote  and  published  a  '•  Life  of  Hum- 
phrey Posey." 

Post,  Rev.  Albert  L.,  was  Imrn  in  1809,  at 
Montrose,  Pa.  .Montrose  w.as  founded  in  180II  by 
Capt.  Bartlett  Hinds,  h  ho  survived  the  storming 
of  Stony  Point,  a  worthy  pioneer  magistrate  and 
Baptist.  His  daughter,  Susanna,  and  his  step- 
son, Maj.  Isaac  Post,  were  the  parents  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  He  was  educated  at  Union 
College,  Schenect,ady,  N.  Y. :  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  soon  after  became  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Susquehanna  County.  In  1836  he  started 
The  Specfator,   a   paper   devoted   to   the  freedom 


REV.   .ALBERT    L.  I'OST. 


of  the  colored  race.      In   1841    he   was   ordained 
to  the  ministry  at  Montrose,  which  has  still  con- 


POST 


929 


POrPKIi 


tinued  to  be  his  residence.  He  lias  rendered  val- 
uable service  in  protracted  meetings  and  in  par- 
tial pastorates.  lie  was  president  for  many  years 
of  "Tbe  American  Baptist  Free  Mission  .Society," 
in  wbose  interests  he  visited  England.  Jle  is  a 
vi;;orous  opponent  of  secret  societies.  Mr.  Post  is 
,1  man  of  mind  and  a  model  of  Christian  integrity. 
He  would  biiflVr  the  loss  of  everything,  and  the 
worst  form  of  death,  rather  than  sacrifice  a  prin- 
ciple. Stern,  the  embodiment  of  the  nuirtyr  spirit, 
with  a  keen  intellect  and  a  generous  heart,  all  men 
love  liiiu,  tliough  not  a  few  differ  from  his  opinions. 
PiMinsylvania  never  had  a  purer  Baptist. 

Post,  Rev.  John  Clark,  was  Ijorn  at  Montpel- 
ier.  Vt.,  A)iril  20,  1S14:  spent  most  of  his  child- 
hood and  early  youth  in  Connecticut:  went  West  I 
in  1S32  :  was  converted  and  baptized  into  the  fel-  | 
lowship  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Aurora,  Ind.  (the 
pastor  being  Ilev.  Jesse  L.  Holman),  on  Nov.  4, 
INiiS;     was    licensed    there    to    preach    in     1839; 
was  ordained  at  Charlestown.  Ind..  in  1840.     lie  ' 
has    been    pastor  at   Charlestown,   Franklin,   Del-  '• 
phi,  and  other  places  in  Indiana ;  of  Aledo,  Edg- 
ington,  Andalusia,  and  other  churches  in  Illinois, 
and  was    settled   at  Fort  Scott,  Wichita,   Hutch- 
inson,   and    other   places   in    Kansas  ;    has    been 
blessed  with  extensive  revivals,  and  built  several 
niccting-houses.     At  sixty-six  years  of  age  he  en- 
joys good  health,  and  occupies  an  extensive  mis- 
sion field  in  Southwest  Kansas. 

Potter,  Albert  K.,  D.D.,  was  liorn  in  Coventry, 
R.  1.,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in 
the  class  of  1859.  He  studied  at  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution,  and  was  ordained  Sept.  27,  1860, 
as  pastor  of  South  Berwick,  Me.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  four  years.  He  removed  to  Spring- 
field, M.ass.,  in  1804,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
State  Street  church  in  that  city.  lie  has  held  this 
position  ever  since. 

I'r.  Potter  is  endowed  with  a  tine  intellect, 
whose  vigorous  power  is  unsurpassed  in  the  State 
which  his  labors  have  long  blessed.  His  reading 
extends  over  a  very  wide  range  ;  he  is  one  of  the 
most  cultuied  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  ;  his 
usefulness  in  Springtield  and  in  the  denomination 
generally  is  very  great.  As  a  writer  he  is  regarded 
witli  admiration.  The  friends  of  truth  wish  him  a 
lung  life  for  the  exercise  of  his  great  talents  in  the 
MasterV  cause. 

Potter,  Rev.  C.  W.,  was  born  in  Voluntown, 
Conn.;  in  ls21  ;  at  the  age  of  fourteen  united 
with  the  Baptist  Church  ;  baptized  by  Dr.  A.  G. 
Palmer, — his  first  candidate  ;  studied  in  Bacon 
Academy  ;  licensed  in  Colchester  in  1842  ;  preached 
two  years  in  East  lladdam  ;  ordained  at  Avon, 
Sept.  23,  184G  ;  subsequent  settlements  were  at 
North  Haven,  Cromwell_,  Lee,  and  Sturbridge, 
Mass. ;  at  Willington,  Suffield,  and  other  places  in 


(Jonnecticut ;  has  hail  five  sons  and  a  daughter: 
one  son,  I{ev.  George  B.,  was  pastor  of  Baptist 
church  in  Ashland,  but  is  now  dead  ;  one  son,  Rev. 
Lester  L..  is  nfiw  pastor  at  Everett,  Mass. 

Potter,  Rev.  Daniel  C,  was  born  in  Stoning- 
ton.  Conn  ,  March  15,  18.50.  He  was  baptized 
in  Jersey  City  in  1805,  into  the  North  church.  He 
griulinited  at  Miidison  University  in  1S73,  and  was 
settled  ;ind  ordained  ;is  pastor  in  the  .Sixth  .Street 
Baptist  church.  New  York,  in  1X73. 

Special  public  attention  has  been  called  to  him 
by  his  series  of  illustrated  lectures,  by  the  aid 
of  stereopticon  views,  on  European  manners,  art, 
and  architecture.  By  travel  abmad  and  by  corre- 
spondence he  has  secured  jdiotograplis  of  rivers, 
pools,  and  baptisteries  in  Oriental  countries,  which, 
with  the  temples  connected  with  them,  make  his 
lectures  on  the  mode  of  baptism  of  the  ancients  in- 
teresting and  convincing.  By  an  invention  of  his 
own,  not  yet  disclosed,  his  nuigic  lantern  gives  a 
better  representation  than  any  other  in  use.  His 
pastorate  in  Sixth  Street  is  successful,  and  promises 
to  be  a  long  one.  For  several  years  he  has  olSciated 
as  secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Ministers' 
Conference.  Mr.  Potter's  ministry  is  marked  by 
talent  and  spirituality. 

Potter,  Deacon  Giles,  son  of  Elisha  P.  and 
Aljigail  (Latliro|i)  I'citter,  was  born  in  Lisbon, 
Conn.,  Feb.  22,  1829;  educated  in  common  schools 
and  at  Leicester  Academy,  Jiass.,  and  graduated 
at  York  College  in  1855,  and  converted  in  same 
year;  baptized  by  Rev.  S.  P.  Phelps,  H.D.,  and 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  .in  New  Haven; 
taught  in  the  academy  in  East  Hartford,  in  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institution,  Suffield,  and  in  Hill's 
Academy  and  Essex  Seminary:  chosen  superin- 
tendent of  Sunday-school  in  Essex  in  18C0,  and  re- 
mains in  that  position  to  the  present  (1880)  ;  chosen 
deacon  in  1865,  and  now  holds  the  office;  repre- 
sented Essex  in  the  Legislature  for  three  years, — 
from  1870  to  1873;  selectman  and  justice  of  peace 
in  Essex  ;  school  visitor  for  fourteen  years  ;  elected 
in  1873  agent  of  State  board  of  education,  and 
still  holds  the  position  ;  of  injirked  abilities,  energy, 
prudence,  ami  fidelity. 

Potter,  Rev.  Lester  Lewis,  son  of  Rev.  C.  W. 
Potter,  was  buni  in  Colebruok.  Conn.,  March  oO, 
1858;  educated  at  Connecticut  Literary  Institu- 
tion, and  at  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  baptized  at  the  age 
often;  licensed  by  the  Baptist  church  in  AVilling- 
ton.  Conn.,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  :  during  studies 
at  Rochester  supplied  churches  in  Avon  and  West 
Somerset,  N.  Y.  ;  in  April,  1879,  settled  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Everett,  Mass. 

Potter,  Rev.  Walter  McD.,  was  a  native  of 
Rhode  Isl.inu.  lie  graduated  the  second  in  his 
class  in  Brown  University,  and  pursued  his  theo- 
logical studies  in  Andover  and  Rochester.     He  was 


POTTER 


930 


POTTS 


the  first  Baptist  minister  in  Colorado.  The  Biip- 
tist  church  at  Denver  was  pithereil  iimier  liis  labors. 
He  collected  the  means  for,  and  snperintendcd  in 
the  construction  of.  the  basement  of  the  first  Bap- 


REV.   «■  ALTER     M     I).    I'DTTER. 

tist  house  of  worship,  when  his  health  failed  ;  he 
returned  to  Providence,  where  he  died,  April  9, 
IStJO,  aj;ed  tweiWy-nine  years  and  eleven  months. 
Few  men  have  accomplished  so  much  in  so  short 
a  time.  With  a  remarkable  foresight  he  secured 
lands  in  and  around  Denver,  which  he  bequeathed 
to  the  Home  and  Foreign  Mission  Societies,  out  of 
which  they  will  realize  together  probably  nearly 
§100,000.  Ou  account  of  the  great  interest  that  he 
felt  in  the  Denver  church,  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety has  transferred  a  large  portion  of  its  share  of 
their  legacy  to  this  church,  which  has  enabled  it 
to  pay  some  §12,000  of  debts,  leaving  a  handsome 
balance  of  about  as  much  more  as  a  beginning  to- 
wards the  erection  of  another  church  edifice  as  a 
monument  to  its  founder's  memory.  He  was  noted 
fur  positive  convictions  and  a  conscientious  adher- 
ence to  what  he  believed  to  be  duty.  He  had  tact 
to  adapt  himself  to  circumstances,  so  as  to  be  suc- 
cessful in  whatever  he  undertook.  His  life  was 
brief,  but  long  enough  to  form  an  established  char- 
acter as  an  able,  devoted  servant  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Potter,  Hon.  William  H,,  was  born  on  Potter 
Hill,  in  the  town  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  Aug.  126.  1816. 
His  father,  Col.  Henry  Potter,  commanded  the  3d 
R.  I.  Regiment  in  the  war  of  1.S12.  Col.  Potter 
was  a  warm  friend  of  education,  and  he  took  great 
pains  to  secure  its  advantages  for  his  only  son,  Wil- 


liam. He  sent  him  to  Yale  College,  after  he  had 
been  for  years  at  schools  and  academies,  that  he 
might  receive  the  best  culture  that  New  England 
could  impart.  He  was  compelled,  through  im- 
paired sight,  toleaveYale  before  he  graduated,  but 
that  instilution  recognized  his  literary  standins, 
and  in  1M.')2  bestowed  upon  him  the  honorarv 
degree  of  A.M. 

For  many  years  he  made  teaching  his  profession, 
and  he  obtained  such  a  measure  of  success  in  that 
calling  as  cheered  himself  and  gratified  his  friends, 
and  bound  the  hearts  of  throngs  of  the  young  to 
him  for  life. 

By  President  Lincoln  he  was  appointed  assistant 
[Jnited  States  assessor  of  internal  revenue,  an  office 
which  he  held  for  several  years.  He  was  State  sena- 
tor in  the  Connecticut  Legislature  from  the  seventh 
district  for  some  time,  and  during  that  period  his 
great  worth  as  an  instructor  was  abundantly  proved. 
He  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
education,  and  took  an  important  part  in  the  re- 
vision of  the  school  code  of  his  adopted  State.  So 
satisfactory  were  his  labors  in  connection  with 
legislation  for  education  that  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  four  elective  members  of  the  State  board  of 
education.  This  position  he  held  for  two  successive 
terms  of  four  years  each.  He  is  now  judge  of  pro- 
bate for  the  district  in  which  he  resides.  He  has 
been  for  many  years  a  deacon  of  the  Union  Baptist 
church  of  Mystic  River,  Conn.  ;  loved  and  honored 
by  the  entire  community  in  which  he  lives. 

He  is  a  vigorous  Baptist.  While  his  love  for 
other  Christians  is  large,  his  admiration  for  the 
Baptist  denomination,  the  first  community  that 
bore  the  name  of  Christ,  is  unbounded.  He  knows 
the  history  of  his  religious  ancestors,  and  can  write 
it  better  than  almost  any  other  man  in  the  "'  Land 
of  Steady  Habits;"  he  knows  their  principles  of 
liberty  and  love,  and  he  woulil  like  to  spread  them 
everywhere ;  he  is  a  worthy  man  in  all  the  rela- 
tions of  life. 

Potts,  CoL  D.  G,,  was  born  in  Sussex  Co.,  Va., 
Aug.  27.  1810,  and  was  educated  in  the  neighbor- 
ing schools.  He  served  for  several  years  most  effi- 
ciently as  sheriff  of  the  county,  being  also  engaged 
in  farming  and  merchandising  until  1844,  when 
he  removed  to  Petersburg,  Va.,  and  engaged  in  the 
commission  business.  In  1856  he  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  Petersburg  Railroad  Company,  which 
position  he  held  with  rare  fidelity  during  nineteen 
years,  up  to  1875.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  by 
the  President  postmaster  at  Petersburg,  which 
office  he  still  holds.  Col.  Pqtts  has  always  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  the  well-being  of  the  communi- 
ties where  he  has  lived,  and  his  integrity  and  ex- 
perience have  made  him  a  valuable  counsellor  in 
public  affairs.  He  served  in  the  city  council  of 
Petersburg  from   1853  to  1868,  and  was  senior  al- 


POWELL 


931 


I'OWEI.L 


deiman  and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  public 
property  durinj;  all  that  long  period.  He  is  as 
active  and  useful  in  church  affairs  as  he  is  in  pub- 
lic. In  183G  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Ncwville,  Sussex  Co.  AVheu  he  removed  to  that 
nei;£hl)orlio()d  in  18.34  there  was  hut  one  professor 
of  religion  there.  Through  his  efforts  and  the 
preaching  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Gwaltney,  a  church  build- 
ing was  erected  and  a  church  organized,  and  when 
he  left  there,  in  1844,  there  was  a  large  and  flour- 
ishing congregation,  and  one  of  the  most  prosper- 
ous county  Sunday-si-hiiols  in  the  State.  For  more 
than  forty  years  Col.  Potts  has  been  an  active 
worker  in  the  Sunday-school  as  teacher  or  super- 
intendent, and,  what  is  something  worthy  of  spe- 
cial ment'on,  he  was  never  once  lato  at  school. 
He  has  also  served  as  deacon  during  all  his  long 
Christian  life,  and  in  all  the  spheres  in  which  he 
moves  no  man  is  more  highly  honored  and  justly 
esteemed. 

Powell,  Rev.  Joab,  was  one  of  the  most  remark- 
ably suoi-i'ssful  and  eccentric  preachers  in  Oregon. 
Whenever  it  was  known  that  he  would  preach  the 
entire  population  cruwded  to  hear  him.  He  was 
born  in  Claiborne  Co.,  Tenn.,  .ruly  Hi.  17'.)'.'.  He 
wa.s  baptized  in  1S24,  and  joined  the  Beroan  church  ; 
removed  to  Missouri ;  licenced  in  1830,  and  soon 
after  was  onlained  by  the  Salem  church,  which 
was  anti-mission,  while  he  was  a  missionary  Bap- 
tist. Soon  after  he  went  to  the  Blue  Springs.  The 
county  judge,  liichard  Stanley,  said  to  him,  as  he 
had  said  to  others,  supposing  that  he  also  was  anti- 
mission,  "  If  your  mission  is  only  to  preach  to  the 
sheep  and  lambs,  you  need  not  come  here,  for  we 
have  no  sheep  and  lambs."  Mr.  Powell  replied, 
"  My  mission  is  to  poor  sinners.''  The  judge  .said, 
"Then  you  can  preach  for  us."  He  did  so.  built 
a  large  church,  and  baptized  l.iO.  He  continued 
many  years  as  a  frontier  preacher ;  removed  to 
Oregon  in  18.52;  went  about  everywhere,  some- 
times .acting  as  p.istor,  but  was  almost  constantly 
doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist.  His  discourses 
were  earnest  and  full  of  sharp  points.  His  audi- 
ences were  kept  in  tears  ami  smiles,  and  when  the 
sermon  was  over  he  would  sing,  exhort,  pray,  and 
entreat  by  times,  until  the  most  obdurate  would 
yield.  After  a  long  and  useful  life,  beloved  by 
his  church,  he  died  Jan.  2.i,  1ST3. 

Powell,  Rev.  Robert,  was  a  native  of  Massa- 
chusetts, but  ii'Miovi'il  with  his  parents  to  Hamil- 
ton, X.  Y.,  in  ISO."),  where  he  experienced  religion 
while  yet  a  child.  He  commenced  preaching  when 
young,  and  was  permitted  to  enjoy  the  service 
nearly  sixty  years.  In  1817  he  was  one  of  the 
thirteen  who  in  prayer  together,  and  the  offering 
of  a  dollar  each  to  the  object,  organized  the  Ham- 
ilton Institution,  lie  was  for  some  years  the  last 
survivor  of  that  honored  band.     Coming  to  Michi- 


gan in  1832,  he  was,  until  his  death,  in  1875,  one 
of  the  most  trusted  and  loved  standard-bearers  of 
the  denomination.  Highly  gifted  in  voice  and  song, 
of  an  excellent  spirit,  with  clearness  of  reason  and 
native  eloquence,  he  w^as  a  good  and  able  minister 
of  Christ.  He  died  at  Clinton,  his  home  in  .Mich- 
igan, in  his  eightieth  year. 

Powell,  Rev.  Thomas. — No  name  is  linked  in 
more  interesting  ways  with  early  Baptist  history 
in  Illinois  than  that  of  Rev.  Thomas  Powell.  He 
was  l)orn,  I»ec.  9.  1^01,  in  the  town  of  Aberga- 
venny, Monmouthshire,  South  AVales.  In  his  fif- 
teenth year  he  experienced  conversion,  and  united 
with  tlie  Baptist  church  in  his  native  town.  In 
the  year  1818  he  emigrated  to  New  York,  and 
united  with  the  Mulberry  Street  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Dr.  Archi- 
bald Maclay.  At  that  time  there  were  in  the  city 
only  six  Baptist  churches,  namely.  Gold  Street, 
F.ayette  Street,  afterwards  chlled  Oliver  Street, 
Mulberry  Street,  Van  Dam  Street.  Broome  Street, 
and  Anthony  Street.  In  Brooklyn  there  was  no 
Baptist  church.  In  the  year  1822.  Mr.  Powell  was 
licensed  by  the  Mulberry  Street  church,  and  al- 
though not  ordained,  was  <-alled  out  and  encour- 
aged to  preach  in  Iloboken,  Brooklyn,  Newark, 
and  other  places  in  the  vicinity.  He  had  enjoyed 
advantages  of  education,  which  enabled  him  then 
to  begin  at  once  an  active  ministry,  which  may  be 
said  to  date  from  the  year  named,  1^22.  Subse- 
quently he  was  ordained,  and  appointed  a  mission- 
ary to  labor  at  Xewburgh  and  Cornwall,  in  Orange 
County.  He  was  later  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  Hudson,  but  after  some  months  re- 
signed, and  became  pastor  in  Milton,  Saratoga  Co., 
where  he  remained  in  care  of  the  church  nearly 
ten  years. 

While  Mr.  Powell  resided  in  Milton  members  of 
the  church  and  others  were  from  time  to  time  re- 
moving to  the  West.  This  circumstance,  and  the 
representations  then  made  as  to  the  religious  des- 
titution of  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  imluced 
him,  contrary  to  the  opinion  and  advice  of  many 
warm  friends  in  the  church  at  Milton,  to  volunteer 
as  missionary  of  the  Home  Mission  Society.  He 
accordingly  removed  to  Illinois  in  1836.  Rev.  Jon- 
athan Going.  D.D.,  was  at  that  time  the  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  society.  He  made  his  home  at 
first  in  La  Salle  County,  although  the  first  churches 
organized  by  him  were  in  Putnam  County,  at  Hen- 
nepin and  Granville.  At  this  time  there  was  no 
Association  organized  between  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  the  State  and  Springfield  save  one,  the  North- 
ern Association,  including  the  one  church  in  Chi- 
cago. Nearly  all  the  churches  now  included  in 
the  Ortawa  Association  were  organized  by  Mr. 
Powell,  and  some  connected  with  other  .\ssocia- 
tions.     He  shared  also  in  organizing  the  Illinois 


POWELL 


932 


POWELL 


River  Association.  In  tlie  vai-ious  forms  of  de- 
nominational activity  witliin  tlio  State  lie  has  ac- 
tively shared,  while  enjj;;iged  diirinj;  many  years  in 
fruitful  missionary  labors  over  wide  districts  of 
country.  To  no  man  is  the  denomination  more 
indebted  for  its  prosperity  and  growth,  especially 
in  the  earlier  history  of  the  State. 

Powell,  Rev.  T.  W.,  was  hum  Sept.  12,  1S36, 
at  Cliesterville.  0.  He  j;;raduate(l  at  Denison  Uni- 
versity, Granville,  0.,  in  18(53,  havinj;  paid  his  way 
mostly  by  teaching.  lie  took  a  select  course  in 
theolowy  at  Hamilton  Theolo<;ical  Seminary,  N.  Y. 
He  became  pastor  at  Tiffin,  0.,  in  1S05.  He 
was  called  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  September, 
1868.  Here  the  church  enjoyed  almost  a  constant 
revival  for  a  year  and  a  half,  during  which  time 
he  baptized  over  130  persons.  From  overwork  in 
long  continuous  meetings  his  health  gave  way,  and 
he  resigned  in  the  autumn  of  1870.  After  a  year's 
rest,  during  which  he  did  some  mission  work  at 
Tama  City,  he  settled  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  in  October,  1871. 
After  two  and  a  half  j'ears  his  health  failed  again, 
and  he  spent  a  year  and  a  half  in  recruiting,  mostly 
in  the  South.  In  the  summer  of  1875  he  once  more 
returned  to  Iowa.  After  supplying  the  church  at 
Pella  for  a  few  months,  he  was  recalled  to  Daven- 
port. After  three  years  in  a  second  pastorate  with 
this  church,  he  resigned  to  enter  upon  work  at 
Marshalltown.  Here  the  church  has  paid  a  cum- 
bei'some  debt  of  many  years'  standing,  and  is  enjoy- 
ing prosperity. 

Powell,  Vavasor,  was  born  in  Radnorshire, 
Wales,  in  1617.  Through  his  parents  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  first  families  in  North  Wales. 
When  young  he  was  taught  the  learned  languages, 
and  he  became  a  successful  student  in  pursuit 
of  general  knowledge.  He  receiveil  his  univer- 
sity education  at  Jesus  College,  O.tford.  In  his 
youth  he  was  the  most  mischievous  boy  in  the 
neighborhood  in  which  he  lived.  When  he  first 
officiated  as  an  Episcopal  minister,  be  says  that 
"  he  was  a  reader  of  common  prayers,  in  the 
babit  of  a  foolish  shephei-d,  that  he  slighted  the 
Scriptures,  was  a  stranger  to  secret  and  spiritual 
prayer,  and  a  great  profaner  of  the  Sabbath."' 

By  reading  Puritan  books,  hearing  sermons 
which  they  preached,  and  by  conversations  with 
them,  Mr.  Powell  w.as  led  to  the  Saviour,  and  his 
heart  and  character  were  completely  changed.  Soon 
after  this  he  foi'sook  the  Episcopal  Church.  His 
preaching  now  became  the  most  powerful  agency 
in  Wales.  Wherever  he  went  multitudes  waited 
upon  his  ministry,  and  Large  numbers  were  renewed 
by  the  Holy  Spii-it  and  became  followers  of  tlie 
Lamb.  Opposition  was  stirred  up  by  his  burning 
eloquence  and  his  unexampled  success  ;  and  in  1642 
he  went  to  London,  where  his  popularity  was  nearly 


as  great,  in  a  little  time,  as  it  was  in  Wales.  He 
received  a  pressing  invitation  to  settle  in  Dartford, 
in  Kent,  which  he  accepted,  and  there  he  founded  a 
church,  and  lirought  many  souls  to  the  liedeemer. 

In  1646,  Mr.  Powell  was  frequently  importuned 
to  return  to  Wales.  He  knew  its  language  better 
than  he  understood  any  other.  The  people  re- 
garded him  as  an  apostle.  That  country  seemed 
more  free  from  a  persecuting  spirit  than  it  had 
been,  and  its  people  were  in  the  most  deplorable 
ignorance  about  the  salvation  of  the  Saviour,  with 
but  few  ministers  to  point  them  to  the  light  of 
Christ ;  and  having  received  a  testimonial  to  his 
godly  life,  and  to  his  "  able  gifts  for  the  work  of 
the  ministry,"  signed  by  Charles  Herte  and  seven- 
teen members  of  the  Westminster  Assembly  of 
Divines,  he  returned  to  W,ales  and  resumed  bis 
labors  among  his  countrymen.  Ci-osby  says  that 
"  he  frequently  preached  in  two  or  three  places  in 
a  day,  and  he  was  seldom  two  days  in  a  week 
throughout  the  year  out  of  the  pulpit ;  nay,  lie 
would  sometimes  ride  an  hundred  miles  in  a  week 
and  preach  in  every  place  where  he  might  have 
admittance,  cither  night  or  day  ;  .so  that  there  was 
hardly  a  church,  chapel,  or  town  ball  in  all  Wales 
where  he  had  not  preached."  He  proclaimed 
Jesus  at  fairs,  markets,  and  wherever  there  was  a 
gathering  of  people.  He  preached  the  glorious 
gospel  upon  mountains,  in  jails,  and  even  in  the 
houses  of  persecuting  magistrates.  He  was  once 
arrested  in  Brecknockshire,  about  10  p.m.,  with 
fifty  or  sixty  of  his  hearers,  and  confined  during 
the  night  in  a  church.  At  midnight  he  preached  a 
.sermon  to  his  companions  and  captors  from  the 
words,  "  Fear  not  them  who  kill  the  body.''  During 
the  service  the  most  malevolent  of  his  persecutors 
wept  bitterly.  Next  morning  when  brought  to  the 
house  of  the  justice  that  functiimary  was  tempora- 
rily absent,  and  while  waiting  for  his  return  Mr. 
Powell  preached  again.  The  justice  was  indignant 
to  find  his  house  turned  into  a  conventicle,  but  two 
of  his  daughters  were  deeply  moved  by  the  truth 
which  fell  from  the  lips  of  the  fearless  man  of  God. 
Before  1660  Mr.  Powell  had  formed  more  than 
twenty  churches,  of  which  some  had  two,  some 
three,  and  some  four  or  five  hundred  menilters. 
Mr.  Powell  at  one  time  had  20,(100  followers  in 
Wales,  and  has  been  properly  designated  the  White- 
field  of  that  principality. 

Mr.  Powell  w,as  a  Calvinist,  holding  and  preach- 
ing election,  eS'ectual  calling,  final  perseverance, 
full  justification  by  faith,  and  the  absolute  need  of 
the  Divine  .Spirit  tn  give  a  m.an  power  to  will  and 
to  do  the  things  that  please  God.  He  was  also  a 
Baptist. 

Ho  had  no  fear  of  men,  or  jails,  or  death  in  his 
heart.  He  was  a  strong  republican,  and  he  openly 
denounced  tlie  protectorship  of  Cromwell  when  his 


POWERS 


933 


I'Ha  rr 


power  was  dreaded  liy  all  Europe  :  and  Cromwell 
was  80  apprehensive  of  his  infliience  that  he 
arrested  him.  lie  spent  ei-iht  years  in  thirteen 
prisons.  And  he  died  in  the  Fleet  jail,  in  London, 
in  the  eleventh  year  of  his  incarceration,  Oct.  27, 
ItJTl.  His  death  was  unusually  blessed  :  the  power 
and  love  of  God  filled  his  soul  with  enthusiasm  in 
the  miseries  of  a  cell  and  in  the  agonies  of  a  dis- 
tressinj;  complaint. 

lie  was  the  author  of  nine  works,  one  of  which 
was  a  Concordance.  Mr.  Powell  was  an  ardent 
lover  of  the  Bible. 

The  footprints  of  Powell  are  seen  all  over  Wales 
to-day,  and  many  of  his  religious  descendants  have 
crossed  the  Atlantic  to  build  up  the  mighty  denom- 
ination whose  name  is  dear  to  u.s,  and  whose  liberty 
of  conscience  has  given  freedom  to  the  churches  of 
America. 

Powers,  Rev.  J.  Pike,  a  talented  minister,  and 
one  who  is  greatly  esteemed  lor  his  piety  and  use- 
fulness, was  born  in  AVestmoreland  Co.,  \'a.,  Aug. 
4.  1S42.  He  removed  to  Kentucky  in  18.55,  was 
engaged  some  years  in  mercantile  business  at 
Augusta,  and  was  afterwards  president  of  the  Ex- 
change Bank  of  Kentucky  at  Mount  Sterling.  He 
was  educated  at  Augusta  and  Georgetown  Colleges, 
anil  afterwards  spent  two  years  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  He  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Georgetown,  Ky.,  in  1857, 
and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  at  Augusta  in 
I'^liO,  and  immediately  appointed  missionary  of 
Bracken  Association.  Among  the  churches  he 
founded  while  acting  in  this  capacity  was  the  church 
at  .Mount  Sterling,  of  which  he  was  chosen  pastor,  in 
which  capacity  he  has  since  labored.  Mr.  Powers 
has  performed  much  missionary  work,  and  caused 
to  be  erected  three  good  houses  of  worship  and  one 
parsonage. 

Pratt,  Rev.  Dura  D.,  was  born  in  Marlborough, 
Vt.,  -July  13.  l.siKJ.  .  Having  removed  to  Worcester, 
Mass.,  he  was  brought  under  the  influence  of  the 
ministry  of  Rev.  Jonathan  Going,  by  whom  he 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  that  city.  Called  of  God,  as  he  be- 
lieved, to  the  ministry  of  his  Son,  he  prepared 
himself  for  his  work,  and  in  1S32  was  invited  to 
take  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Nashua, 
N.  II.,  where  he  had  a  most  successful  ministry  for 
twenty-three  years,  baptizing  during  that  period 
not  far  from  600  indivi<luals.  He  died  of  paralysis 
Nov.  13,  1853.  "  Mr.  Pratt  was  among  the  best  min- 
isters of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire.  He  was  uncompromising  in  his 
opinions  and  fearless  in  defending  them,  yet  kind 
and  conciliatory  in  treating  of  the  views  of  others. 
He  was  remarkable  for  his  clear  foresight  and  ju- 
dicious management  in  times  of  difficulty  and  trial. 
He  studied  to  know  his  people  and  adapt  his  labors 


to  their  wants.  He  was  liighly  evangelical  and 
practical  in  his  preaching,  seizing  on  those  points 
of  Scripture  with  great  vigor  which  were  appropri- 
ate to  the  existing  state  of  aflairs.'"  These  are 
words  of  warm  commendation,  but  justly  deserved. 

Pratt,  John,  D.D,  educator,  and  founder  of 
])i'nison  University,  0..  was  born  in  Windham  Co.. 
Conn..  Oct.  12.  ISOD.  He  spent  most  of  his  early 
life  on  a  farm  and  in  a  mill.  By  dint  of  un- 
daunted energy  and  much  lonely  night  study  he 
succeeded  in  fitting  himself  to  teach  a  public  school. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  he  went  to  Amherst  Aciidemy, 
Mass.,  where  he  prepared  for  college.  After  spend- 
ing nearly  four  years  in  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  he  entered  Brown  University,  and 
graduated  in  1827,  and,  after  a  short  professorship 
in  Transylvania  University,  Ky.,  became  pastor  of 
the  First  church.  New  Haven.  Conn.  In  1831  he 
was  principal  of  South  Reading  Academy  for  six 
months,  and  then  accepted  a  call  from  the  trustees 
of  (Jranville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution 
to  take  charge  of  the  same.  In  1833  this  school, 
then  very  weak  and  badly  housed,  wiis  incor- 
porated, and  Prof.  Pratt  was  made  president.  In 
1837  he  resigned  the  presidency,  and  became  Pro- 
fessor of  Ancient  Langu.iges,  which  position  he  re- 
tained, with  slight  interruptions,  until  1859,  when 
he  retired  to  private  life.  In  1878  the  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Denison  Uni- 
versity. He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife.  Miss  Mary  Glover  Corey,  to  whom  he  was 
married  in  1S.30.  was  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Dr.  B.  Sears. 
In  1855  he  married  Susan  C.  Wheeler,  of  Licking 
Co..O. 

Dr.  Pratt  has  been  one  of  the  most  prominent 
and  foremost  of  Ohio  Baptists.  His  work  in  Deni- 
son University  is  his  monument.  As  a  teacher,  he 
was  unrivaled.  Dr.  Turney.  late  of  Washington, 
D.  C  said  of  him  that  he  had  no  superiors  and  but 
few  equals  in  the  professor's  chair.  His  long  life 
has  been  characterized  by  signal  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  education  and  religion,  and  his  sacrifices 
for  these  objects  have  been  numerous  and  great. 
Taking  in  view  the  struggles  of  his  early  life,  his 
career  has  been  very  remarkable.  His  closing 
days  are  being  spent  on  his  farm  near  Granville, 
the  scene  of  bis  lifelong  toil. 

Pratt,  William  M..  D.D.,  was  horn  in  Madison 
Co..  N.  Y.,  .Jan.  13.  Isl7.  After  a  common  schoid 
and  academic  preparation,  he  entered  Hamilton 
University,  where  he  took  the  full  course  in  letters 
and  theology,  graduating  in  1839.  He  married 
Mi,ss  .Julia  A.,  daughter  of  Rev.  .John  Peck,  and  sub- 
sequently removed  to  Crawfordsville,  Ind..  where 
he  preached,  and  taught  a  school  for  young  ladies. 
In  1845  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Le.Nington,  Ky..  to  which  he  ministered  seventeen 
years.     He  was  several  years  corresponding  secre- 


I'liEDKsriXA  TION 


934 


PREDESTINA  TIOX 


tary  of  tlie  board  of  the  General  Association  of 
Baptists  in  Kentucky.  In  1869  he  removed  to 
New  Albany,  Ind.,  where  he  preached  two  years 
to  Bank  Street  church,  after  wliieli  he  located  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  engaged  in  the  book-trade,  at 
the  same  time  preaching  on  the  Lord's  day  for 
Broadway  and  Walnut  Street  churches.  In  1871 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Shelbyville,  Ky. 
In  a  few  years  he  returned  to  Lexington,  where  he 
now  lives,  and  is  supplying  several  churches  in  the 
vicinicy.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  an  excellent  busi- 
ness man,  and  has  contributed  largely  towards  es- 
tablishing Baptist  interests  in  Kentucky. 

Predestination  is  one  of  the  revealed  doctrines 
of  God's  Word.  Moses  says,  "  Secret  things  belong 
unto  the  Lord  our  God,  but  those  which  are 
revealed  belong  unto  us  and  to  our  children  for- 
ever."— Dent.  xxix.  29.  Predestination  is  fre- 
quently noticed  by  the  inspired  writers,  and  con- 
sequently, as  a  portion  of  God's  revelation,  it 
belongs  to  us.  We  should  lovingly  receive  it,  and 
try  to  understand  it,  and  never  slight  the  Miglity 
One  by  whose  authority  prophets,  apostles,  and 
evangelists  penned  the  sacred  writings,  by  attempt- 
ing to  argue  it  out  of  the  Scriptures,  or  to  pass  it 
by  as  a  dreaded  mystery,  of  which  we  should  not 
think,  and  which  the  Spirit  ought  not  to  have  re- 
vealed. 

TTiMopi^u  in  the  New  Testament  means  to  prede- 
termine, to  predestinate.  Paul  says,  '"In  whom 
also  we  have  obtained  an  inheritance,  being  pre- 
destinated, according  to  the  purpose  of  him  who 
worketh  all  things  after  the  counsel  of  his  own 
will." — Eph.  i.  11.  According  to  this  statement 
saints  enjoy  an  inheritance  because  God  pre- 
destinated them  to  it,  and  the  same  Almighty 
Ruler  "worketh  all  things  after  the  counsel  of  his 
own  will,"  in  heaven  and  on  earth.  Predestina- 
tion is  the  foreordi nation  of  believers  to  heaven, 
and  the  instrumentalities  by  which  they  are  to  be 
converted,  preserved,  and  rendered  triumphant,  and 
it  is  the  forcordination  of  all  the  occurrences  of 
earth.  The  celfestial  worlds  are  governed  by  laws 
ordained  ages  ago,  and  constraining  such  exact 
obedience  that  men  can  tell  everything,  with  un- 
erring certainty,  about  various  changes  that  are  to 
take  place  in  the  sun,  moon,  and  stars  from  the 
past  movements  of  these  heavenly  bodies.  Calvin 
beautifully  says,  "There  is  no  power  among  all 
the  creations  more  wonderful  or  illustrious  than 
that  of  the  sun  ;  for,  besides  his  illumination  of  the 
whole  world  by  his  splendor,  how  astonishing  it  is 
that  he  cherishes  and  enlivens  all  animals  by  his 
heat :  with  his  rays  inspires  fecundity  info  the 
earth  ;  from  the  seeds  genially  warmed  in  her 
bosom  produces  a  green  herbage,  which,  being 
supported  by  fresh  nourishment,  he  increases  and 
strengthens  until  it  rises  into'  stalks ;  feeds  them 


with  perpetual  exhalations  till  they  grow  into 
blossoms,  and  from  blossoms  to  fruit,  which  he 
then  by  his  influences  brings  to  maturity;  that 
trees  likewise  and  vines  by  his  genial  warmth  first 
put  forth  leaves,  then  blossoms,  and  from  the  blos- 
soms produce  their  fruit."  But  the  sun,  and  every 
plant  and  animal  on  earth,  are  governed  by  pre- 
destinated laws,  enacted  at  their  creation.  This 
doctrine  applies  to  all  human  events. 

Speaking  of  the  decrees  of  God  in  reference  to 
the  tVansactions  affecting  men  for  good  or  evil  in 
this  life,  the  celebrated  Jonathan  Edwards  says, 
"Whether  God  hath  decreed  all  things  that  ever 
came  to  pass  or  not,  all  that  own  the  being  of  a 
God,  own  that  he  knows  all  things  beforehand. 
Now  it  is  self-evident,  that  if  he  knows  all  things 
beforehand,  he  either  doth  approve  of  them,  that 
is,  he  either  is  willing  they  should  be,  or  he  is  not 
willing  they  should  be.  But  to  will  that  they 
should  be  is  to  decree  them.  .  .  .  That  we  should 
.say,  that  God  has  decreed  every  action  of  men. 
yea,  every  action  that  is  sinful,  and  every  circum- 
stance of  those  actions,  that  he  predetermines  that 
they  shall  be  in  every  respect  as  they  afterwards 
are ;  that  he  determines  that  there  shall  be  such 
actions,  and  just  so  sinful  as  they  are,  and  yet  that 
God  does  not  decree  the  actions  that  are  sinful,  as 
sin,  but  decrees  them  as  good,  is  really  consistent. 
For  we  do  not  mean  by  decreeing  an  action  as  sin- 
ful the  same  as  decreeing  an  action  so  that  it  shall 
be  sinful.  ...  So  God,  though  he  hates  a  thing  as 
it  is  simply,  may  incline  to  it  with  reference  to  the 
universality  of  things.  Though  he  hates  sin  in 
itself,  yet  he  may  will  to  permit  it  for  the  greater 
promotion  of  holiness  in  this  universality,  in- 
cluding all  things,  and  at  all  times.  So,  though 
he  has  no  inclination  to  a  creature's  misery,  con- 
sidered absolutely,  yet  he  may  will  it  for  the  greater 
promotion  of  happiness  in  this  universality,  .  ,  . 
He  wills  to  permit  sin,  it  is  evident,  because  he 
does  permit  it."*  This  account  of  predestination 
is  clear,  almost  complete,  and  in  harmony  with 
the  Word  of  God.  It  may  be  summed  up  in  these 
words:  God  governs  the  world  by  decrees  ol per- 
mission for  evils,  and  of  appointment,  for  proper 
things,  and  in  this  way  he  foreordains  everything 
on  earth,  and  is  the  absolute  ruler  of  all  things. 

The  late  Dr.  Richard  Fuller  says,  "The  Liberta- 
rians reject  the  doctrine  of  predestination  ;  they 
deny  that  God  has  foreordained  all  things.  But 
how  can  this  negation  be  even  mentioned  without 
shocking  our  reason  and  our  reverence  for  the 
oracles  of  God  ?  I  might  easily  show  that  nothing 
is  gained  by  this  denial,  that  it  only  removes  the 
difficulty  a  little  farther  back.  This  system  rejects 
predestination,  and  maintains  that  God  has  left  all 

*  Works  of  Jonatbau  Edwards,  ii.  525,  527,  528.    LoDdoD,  1840. 


PREDESTIXA  TION 


935 


PREDESTIXA  TION 


men  to  act  as  they  choose.  But  what  is  meant  by 
a.  man's  acting  as  he  chooses?  It  is  of  course  that 
he  ohcys  the  impulses  of  his  own  feelinj^s  and  pas- 
sions. Well,  (lid  not  (iod  endow  him  with  these 
passions?  Did  not  God  know  that  if  certain  temp- 
tations assailed  the  creature  to  whom  he  had  jriven 
these  passions  he  would  fall?  J)id  he  not  foresee 
that  these  temptations  would  assail  him  ?  Di<l  he 
not  permit  these  temptations  to  assail  him?  Could 
he  not  have  prevented  these  temptations?  Why 
did  he  form  him  with  these  passions?  Why  did 
he  allow  him  to  be  exposed  to  these  temptations? 
Why.  in  short. — havin.ij;  a  perfect  foreknowledge 
that  such  a  heinj;,  so  constituted  and  so  tempted, 
would  sin  and  perish, — why  did  he  create  him  at 
all  ?  None  will  deny  the  divine  foreknowledge ; 
and  I  at  once  admit  that  the  mere  foreseeing  an 
event,  which  we  cannot  hinder,  and  have  no  agency 
in  accom|dishing,  does  not  involve  us  in  any  re- 
sponsibility. But  when  the  Creator,  of  his  own 
sovereign  pleasure,  calls  an  intelligent  agent  into 
being,  fashions  him  with  certain  powers  and  appe- 
tites, and  (ilaces  him  amid  scenes  where  he  clearly 
sees  that  temptations  will  overcome  him, — in  such 
a  case  it  is  self-evident  that  our  feeble  faculties  can- 
not separate  foreknowledge  from  foreordination. 
The  deuial  of  preordination  dues  not,  therefore,  at 
all  relieve  any  objection,  it  only  conceals  the  diffi- 
culty from  the  ignorant  and  unthinking. 

'■  But  even  if  the  theory  of  the  Libertarians  were 
not  a  plain  evasion,  it  would  be  impossible  for  us 
to  accept  such  a  solution  ;  for  it  dethrones  Jeho- 
vah ;  it  surrenders  the  entire  government  of  the 
world  to  mere  chance,  to  wild  caprice  and  disorder. 
According  to  this  system,  nature,  providence,  are 
only  departments  of  atheism  ;  God  has  no  control 
over  the  earth  and  its  affairs  ;  or,  if  that  he  too 
monstrous  and  revolting,  he  exercises  authority 
over  matter,  but  none  over  the  minds  and  hearts 
of  men.  '  The  king's  heart  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
Lord,  as  rivers  of  water  he  turneth  it  whithersoever 
he  will,' — such  is  the  declaration  of  the  Holy  Spirit; 
hut  this  theory  rejects  this  truth.  God  exercises 
no  control  over  men's  hearts,  consequently  proph- 
ecy is  an  absurdity,  providence  is  a  chimera,  prayer 
is  a  mockery,  since  God  does  not  interfere  in  mortal 
events,  but  abandons  all  to  the  wanton  humors  and 
passions  of  myriads  of  independent  agents,  none 
of  whose  whims  and  impulses  he  restrains,  by 
whom  his  will  is  constantly  defeated  and  trampled 
under  foot.  A  creed  so  odious,  so  abhorrent  to  all 
reason  and  religion,  need  only  to  be  carried  out  to 
its  consecjuences  and  no  sane  mind  can  adopt  it."* 

The  Scriptural  authority  for  this  doctrine  is  un- 
questionable. Nebuchadnezzar  dreams  of  a  great 
image  (Daniel  ii.)  with  a  golden  head,  the  breast 

•  Baiitist  Doctrines,  pi>.  483-85.    St.  Louis,  isso. 


and  the  arms  of  silver,  a  brazen  body  and  thighs, 
legs  of  iron,  and  feet  part  of  in^n  and  part  of  clay  ; 
a  stone  cut  without  hands  destroys  the  image,  be- 
comes a  great  mountain,  and  fills  the  world.  The 
golden  head  w.as  the  kingdom  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
thesilvcrarms  the  .Medo-I'ersian  empire,  the  brazen 
body  the  Macedonian  doniini<ui,  and  the  iron  legs, 
and  feet  partly  iron  and  partly  clay,  the  govern- 
ment of  Rome.  The  stone  cut  without  hands  was 
Christ's  coming  Icingdom  and  conquests  that  would 
destroy  all  existing  empires  and  fill  the  whole  world 
with  the  agencies  of  its  universal  authority.  These 
events,  except  the  destruction  of  Xebuchadnezzar's 
kingdom,  were  ages  in  the  future,  but  they  were 
predetermined  ami  absolutely  certain.  The  same 
thing  was  true  of  the  second  dream  of  the  king, — 
the  dream  of  the  cutting  down  of  the  great  tree 
"whose  height  reached  unto  heaven,  and  the  sight 
unto  the  end  of  all  the  earth.''  It  foretold  the  in- 
security of  the  king  and  his  removal  from  the  throne 
for  seven  years;  this  heaven-preordained  calamity 
fell  upon  the  king  .soon  after.  The  present  con- 
dition of  the  Jews,  and  their  state  for  ages,  was 
preordained  of  God  :  "  I  will  deliver  them,  saitli 
the  Lord,  to  be  removed  to  all  the  kingdoms  of  the 
earth,  to  be  a  curse  and  an  astonishment,  and  a 
hissing,  and  a  reproach,  among  all  the  nations 
whither  I  have  driven  them." — Jer.  sxix.  18.  "I 
will  sift  the  house  of  Israel  among  all  nations,  like 
as  corn  is  sifted  in  a  sieve,  yet  shall  not  the  least 
grain  fall  upon  the  earth." — Amos  ix.  9.  Isaiah 
{vi.  11.  12)  foretelling  evils  for  the  Jews,  says, 
"Lord,  how  long?  And  he  answered,  'Until  the 
cities  be  wasted  without  inhabitant,  and  the  houses 
without  man,  and  the  land  be  utterly  desolate.'  " 
"  Be  not  dismayed,  O  Israel,  for,  behold,  I  will  save 
thee  from  afar  off.  and  thy  seed  from  the  land  of 
their  cajitivity  ;  and  Jacob  shall  return,  and  be  in 
rest  and  at  ease,  and  none  shall  make  him  afraid. 
I  will  make  a  full  end  of  all  the  nations  whither 
I  have  driven  thee  :  but  I  will  not  make  a  full  end 
of  thee,  but  correct  thee  in  measure  ;  yet  will  I  not 
utterly  cut  thee  off,  or  leave  thee  wholly  unpun- 
ished."— Jer.  xlvi.  27.  2S.  The  Jews  have  been 
scattered  into  all  lands,  and  they  arc  everywhere 
unjustly  regarded  as  a  "  reproach  and  a  hi.ssing"  ; 
they  have  been  sifted  among  the  nations,  but  no 
grain  of  Israel  has  taken  root  in  the  lands  of  their 
exile;  their  country  and  their  cities  are  desolate  ; 
he  has  not  wholly  cut  off  Israel,  and  he  is  evidently 
awaiting  the  right  time  to  restore  them  to  their 
country  and  their  God.  These  events  were  predes- 
tinated and  foretold  thousands  of  years  ago. 

In  the  fifth  chapter  of  Revelation,  the  Lamb 
standing  in  the  midst  of  the  throne  took  the  won- 
derful V)ook  with  seven  seals,  the  book  of  providen- 
tial decrees  ;  for  he  has  all  power  in  heaven  and 
on  earth,  and  he  opened  seal  after  seal,  ushering 


PREDESTINA  TION 


936 


PREDESTINA  TION 


in  a  vast  train  of  events  runninj;  over  many  ages  ; 
but  these  great  issues  were  all  predestinatcil,  ibre-  I 
told,  and  recorded  in  a  book  lieforc  any  of  them 
became  realities.  Peter,  addressing  the -lews,  says  j 
of  Christ,  "Him,  being  delivered  by  the  determi- 
nate counsel  and  foreknowledge  of  God,  ye  have 
taljen,  and  by  wicljed  hands  have  crucified  and 
slain." — Acts  ii.  23.  "For  of  a  trutli  against  thy 
holy  chilli  .Jesus,  whom  thou  hast  anointed,  both 
Herod  and  Pontius  Pilate,  with  the  Gentiles  and 
the  peoi)le  of  Israel,  were  gathered  together,  for 
t )  do  whatsoever  thy  hand  and  thy  counsel  deter- 
mined before  (literally,  predestinated)  to  be  done."' 
— Acts  iv.  27,  28.  Every  item  in  the  Saviour's 
death  occurred  by  the  determinate  counsel  and  fore- 
knowledge of  God,  even  to  the  carrying  out  of  the 
prophetic  record,  "  A  bone  of  him  shall  not  be 
broken."  The  Jews  actuated  by  malice,  Satan 
prompted  Iiy  murderous  hate,  Pilate  controlled  by 
cruel  selKshness,  and  the  ]ieople  misled  by  base 
slanders,  demanded  the  Saviour's  blood,  and  with- 
out intending  or  desiring  it,  they  indicted  upon 
Jesus  "  Whatsoever  God's  hand  and  counsel  deter- 
mined before  should  be  done  :"  and  what  occurred 
in  the  Saviour's  death  governs  the  whole  transac- 
tions of  earth  ;  as  Augustine,  quoted  approvingly 
by  Calvin,  says,  "  Nothing  could  be  more  absurd 
than  for  anything  to  happen  independently  of  the 
ordination  of  God,  because  it  would  happen  at  ran- 
dom."* "  Our  days  are  determined,  the  number 
of  our  months  is  with  him,  he  has  appointed  our 
bounds  that  we  cannot  pass,  he  doeth  according  to 
his  will  in  the  army  of  heaven,  and  among  the  in- 
habitants of  the  earth." 

The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  says,  "  God 
hath  decreed  in  himself  from  all  eternity,  by  the 
most  wise  and  holy  counsel  of  his  own  will,  freely 
ami  unchangeably  all  things  whatsoever  comes  to 
pass;  yet  so  as  thereby  is  Gud  neither  the  author 
of  sin,  nor  hath  fellowship  with  any  therein,  nor  is 
violence  offered  to  the  will  of  the  creature,  nor  yet 
is  the  liberty  or  contingency  of  second  cause  taken 
away,  but  rather  established,  in  which  appears  his 
wisdom  in  disposing  all  things,  and  power  and 
faithfulness  in  accomplishing  his  decree. 

"  Although  God  knoweth  whatsoever  may,  or 
can  come  to  pass  upon  all  supposed  conditions,  yet 
hath  he  not  decreed  anything,  because  he  foresaw 
it  as  future,  or  as  that  which  would  come  to  pass 
upon  such  conditions." — Chap.  iii.  1,  2. 

The  AVcstminster  Confession  of  Faithf  has  the 
two  clauses  of  the  Pliiladel])liia  Confession  just 
quoted;  the  only  change  is  "ordain"  for  "do- 
creed,"  in  the  first  section  of  the  Philadelphia  ar- 


*  Calvin's  Institutes,  lib.  i.  cap.  IG,  sec.  8. 

t  Tlie  Cnnslitution  of  tlie  Prosltyterian  Church  in  the  United 
States  itl"  Anu'iit-a,  j).  25li.     IMiiluilelphlu. 


tide,  and  the  words  "  in  wdiich  appears  his  wisdom 
in  disposing  all  things,  and  power  and  faithfulness 
in  accomi)lishing  his  decree." 

The  seventeenth  article  of  the  K.piscopal  ('hnrch 
of  England  says,  "  Predestination  to  life  is  the 
everlasting  purpose  of  God,  whereby,  before  the 
foundations  of  the  world  were  laid,  he  hath  con- 
stantly decreed  by  his  counsel,  secret  to  us,  to  de- 
liver from  curse  :xnd  damnation  those  whom  he 
hath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of  mankind,  and  to  bring 
them  by  Christ  to  everlasting  salvation,  as  vessels 
made  to  honor.  Wherefore  they  which  be  endued 
with  so  excellent  a  benefit  of  God  be  called  accord- 
ing to  God's  purpose  by  his  Spirit  working  in  due 
season;  they  through  grace  obey  the  calling;  they 
be  justified  I'reely  ;  they  be  made  sons  of  God  by 
adoption  ;  they  be  made  like  the  image  of  his  only- 
begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ ;  they  walk  religiously 
in  good  works,  and  at  length  by  God's  mercy  they 
attain  to  everlasting  felicity." 

Predestination,  the  foreordination  of  all  tlie  elect 
to  heaven,  and  of  all  the  instrumentalities  to  secure 
their  conviction  and  preservation  until  they  reach 
the  skies,  and  the  preappointment  of  all  earthly 
occurrences,  is  the  doctrine  of  all  British  Presby- 
terians, and  their  American  religious  descendants, 
of  all  regular  B;iptists,  and  of  the  celebrated 
Thirty-Nine  Articles  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

In  no  sense  does  this  doctrine  interfere  with  our 
responsibility  for  our  acts.  The  Jews  on  the  day 
of  Pentecost  who  heard  from  Peter  that  by  "  the 
determinate  counsel  and  foreknowledge  of  God" 
they  had  killed  the  Lord,  gathered  no  comfort  from 
the  divine  predestination  of  the  Saviour's  death  ; 
on  the  contrary,  as  they  heard  Peters,  sermon 
"  they  were  pricked  in  their  heart,  and  said  unto 
Peter,  and  to  the  rest  of  the  apostles,  '  Men  and 
brethren,  what  shall  we  do  f  ''  They  knew  the  act 
was  theirs,  and  nothing  in  the  universe  could  make 
them  think  otherwise. 

Dr.  Thomas  Reid,J  one  of  the  most  eminent 
mental  philosophers  of  modern  times,  says,  "We 
have  by  our  constitution  a  natural  conviction  or 
belief  that  we  act  freely  ;  a  conviction  so  early,  so 
universal,  and  so  necessary  in  most  of  rational 
operations,  that  it  must  be  the  result  of  our  con- 
stitution, and  the  work  of  him  that  made  us.  If 
any  one  of  our  natural  faculties  be  fallacious  there 
can  be  no  reason  to  trust  to  any  of  them,  for  he  that 
made  one  made  all.''  AVe  are  conscious  that  a  par- 
ticuhir  sin  is  ours;  if  we  cannot  believe  our  con- 
sciousness about  that,  we  can  be  sure  of  nolhini/,  we 
must  doubt  everythiui/.  Men  sin  because  they  de- 
sire to  do  it;  they  transgress  without  constraint, 
and  they  know  it.     Judas  did  not  pretend  to  charge 


X  Essays  on  the  Powers  uf  ttie  Human  Mind,  vol.  iii.  p,  245.  Lon- 

don,  182-2. 


PR  ED  ESTINA  TION 


937 


PRESSLEY 


his  crime  (in  predestination,  nor  did  tlie  three 
thousitnd  on  the  diiy  of  Pentecost,  and  no  man 
true  to  his  own  consciousness  ever  will  in  this  or 
any  other  world. 

The  Scriptures  assume  that  all  sinners  perpe- 
trate their  iniquities  of  their  own  free  will,  and 
hence  the  publican  is  represented  by  the  Saviour 
as  praying,  '"  Lord,  be  merciful  to  me,  a  sinner,'' 
and  the  prodigal,  "  I  have  sinned  ajjainst  heaven 
and  in  thy  sijjlit,  and  I  am  no  more  worthy  to  be 
called  thy  son."  This  lanj;uaj;e  would  be  absurdly 
false  if  the  publican  and  prodigal  were  compelled 
by  a  decree  of  God  or  man  to  sin.  If  he  who  made 
a  mother's  heart,  and  gave  a  Saviour  to  die  for  us, 
by  his  undoubted  predestination  of  all  events  com- 
pelled men  to  sin,  there  would  be  pity  for  unfor- 
tunate and  unwilling  transgressors  in  his  bosom, 
but  no  pains  from  him  for  them  in  any  world,  and 
no  day  of  judgment.  But  our  own  consciuitsness, — 
by  which  we  are  aware  that  we  see,  hear,  feed  pain, 
and  have  the  Saviour  in  our  affections, — the  instru- 
mentality by  which  we  learn  everything  outside 
of  ourselves,  tells  us  that  we  sin  of  our  own  choice, 
and  that  the  guilt  is  ours.  It  makes  each  of  us 
say,  "  Against  thee,  thee  only,  have  I  sinned  and 
done  this  evil  in  thy  sight."  And  its  statements 
must  be  true.  The  whole  Scriptures  charge  their 
iniquities  upon  men,  and  it  would  indicate  insanity, 
or  a  hypocrisy  never  developed  in  the  most  outrage- 
ous deceivers  of  our  race,  to  charge  them  upon  others 
than  those  who  perpetrate  them. 

We  do  not  pretend  to  reconcile  predestination 
and  human  freedom  to  sin.  God  asserts  both,  and 
has  not  seen  fit  to  .show  us  how  they  agree;  and 
while  we  are  absolutely  certain  that  both  doctrines 
are  true,  we  leave  any  apparent  lack  of  harmony 
between  them  to  the  light  of  an  eternal  morning. 
As  Dr.  Richard  Fuller,  speaking  of  these  two  great 
facts,  says,  "  I  have  shown  that  Ixith  these  doctrines 
are  true,  and  of  course  that  there  is  no  discrepancy 
lietween  them.  I  have  shown  that  it  is  impossible 
for  us  to  resist  either  of  these  great  truths,  and  it 
is  equally  impossible  for  our  minds  to  reconcile 
them.  But  here,  as  everywhere,  faith  must  come 
to  our  aid,  teaching  us  to  repose  unquestionably 
upon  God's  veracity." 

God  has  iiredestinated  the  continuance  of  harvest 
while  the  earth  remaineth,  but  he  has  also  predes- 
tinated the  perpetual  return  of  seed-time,  and  both 
are  preappointed  together.  If  a  farmer  were  to 
say,  "God  has  foreordained  the  annual  coming  of 
a  harvest  forever,  therefore  I  shall  .sow  nothing.'' 
bi.s  Scripture-reading  neighbor  would  inform  him 
that  he  had  also  foreordained  the  planting  of  seed 
just  before  and  in  connection  with  the  predesti- 
nated harvest.  "While  the  earth  remaineth,  seed- 
time and  harvest,  and  cold  and  boat,  and  summer 
and  winter,  and  day  and  night,  shall  not  cease." 
60 


So  is  it  with  spiritual  blessings,  and  the  means  of 
securing  them.  If  a  man  is  predestinated  to  eternal 
life,  it  is  foreordained  that  ho  shall  repent,  that  he 
.shall  strive  to  enter  in  at  the  strait  gate,  that  he 
shall  believe  upon  Jesus,  that  he  shall  lead  a  holy 
life,  that  he  shall  be  a  man  of  prayer,  that  he  shall 
be  anxious  to  lead  sinners  to  Christ,  and  that  he 
shall  in  some  measure  be  faithful  unto  death. 
Paul,  in  his  passage  to  Home,  when  the  storm  was 
very  alarming,  said  to  his  companions  in  peril, 
"there  should  be  no  lo.ss  of  any  man's  life  among 
you,  but  of  the  ship.''  God  had  predetermined 
this:  but  when  the  sailors  were  about  to  desert 
the  vessel,  he  said  to  the  soldiers  and  prisoners  on 
board,  "Except  these  abide  in  the  ship,  ye  cannot 
be  saved." — Acts  xxvii.  22,  31.  It  was  also  fore- 
ordained of  God  that  the  sailors  should  stay  and 
work  the  vessel.  So  is  it  with  the  saint's  ]jredesti- 
nation  to  life  eternal;  with  this  there  are  the  fol- 
lowing foreordinations  of  God:  "  I  am  the  vine,  ye 
are  the  branches:  He  that  abideth  in  me,  and  I  in 
him,  the  same  bringeth  forth  much  fruit:  for  with- 
out me  ye  can  do  nothing.  If  a  man  abide  not  in 
me,  he  is  cast  forth  as  a  branch,  and  is  withered; 
and  men  gather  them,  and  cast  them  into  the  fire, 
and  they  are  burned.  If  ye  abide  in  me.  and  my 
words  abide  in  you,  ye  shall  ask  what  ye  will,  and 
it  shall  bo  done  unto  you.  Herein  is  my  Father 
glorified,  that  ye  bear  luuch  fruit;  so  shall  ye  be 
my  disciples.  Ye  have  not  chosen  me,  but  I  have 
chosen  you,  and  ordained  you,  that  you  should  go 
and  bring  forth  fruit,  and  that  your  fruit  should 
remain.  " — .John  xv.  .'i-8,  10.  And  when  a  believer 
sees  these  evidences  of  predestination  in  himself, 
the  words  of  the  poet  are  true  of  him, — 

"  More  happy,  but  not  more  secure, 
Tlie  glolitied  spirits  in  beiiveu." 

Prescott,  Rev.  John  ft.,  a  distinguished  preacher 
anil  t'diicatiir  in  Luiiisiaiia.  was  born  in  Xew  Hamp- 
shire in  1820;  while  teaching  in  Alabama  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry;  for  six  years  at  the  head 
of  :i  large  .school  at  Macon,  Jli.ss. ;  removed  to 
Louisiana  in  1852  ;  was  successively  financial  agent 
of  Baptist  State  Convention,  Professor  of  Math- 
ematics in  Mount  Lebanon  I'liivcrsity,  and  prin- 
cipal of  Mount  Lebannn  Female  College;  died  in 
1867. 

Pressley,  Judge  B.  C,  was  bom  in  York 
County,  S.  C.  He  is  between  fifty  and  sixty  years 
of  :ige,  and  has  long  been  regarded  as  one  of  the 
ablest  lawyers  in  the  State.  Gen.  Connor,  for 
some  time  attorney-general  of  I^outh  Carolina,  once 
said  to  the  writer,  "  Mr.  Pressley  prides  himself  on 
his  skill  in  planting,  at  which  he  has  never  suc- 
ceeded, and  thinks  very  little  of  himself  as  a  law- 
yer. But  I  would  as  soon  encounter  any  other 
man  at  the  bar."     This  is  not  the  first  instance  in 


PRESSLKF 


938 


PRICE 


which  men  of  liii^li  order  of  talent  have  mistaken 
V)Oth  their  stroiij^  and  their  wpalc  points,  lie  has 
been  a  circuit  judge  for  several  years,  and  there  is 
riot  an  abler  or  a  purer  on  the  bench.  lie  carries 
lii.s  natural  urbanity  and  kindness  into  his  high 
position  as  well  as  into  private  life.  lie  is  every- 
where the  same  Christian  gentleman,  and  never 
ashamed  of  being  a  Baptist. 

Pressley,  Judge  John  Gotea,  was  born  in 
Williamsburg  Co.,  S.  C,  May  24,  1.S3.3;  descended 
on  his  father's  side  from  the  Scotch  Covenanters, 
and  on  his  mother's  from  the  French  Huguenots. 
His  father  was  an  eminent  citizen  and  Presby- 
terian ruling  elder.  His  mother,  a  woman  of 
great  piety.  In  1851  he  graduated  high  in  his  class 
from  the  South  Carolina  Military  Academy,  at 
Charleston.  Studied  law  with  a  relative.  Judge 
Benjamin  C.  Pressley,  a  man  of  great  piety,  through 
whose  friendly  conversation  he  was  led  to  investi- 
gate the  faith  of  Baptists,  in  order  to  vindicate  the 
faith  of  his  ancestors,  liut  the  result  was  that  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  joined,  by  baptism,  the  Sec- 
ond church  of  Charleston,  in  1854.  In  June,  1854, 
lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  he  was  of  age, 
by  special  dispensation  of  Presiding  Judge  J.  B. 
O'Neall,  a  name  dear  to  all  Baptists  in  South  Car- 
olina. He  settled  in  Kingstree ;  joined  the  Bap- 
tists; helped  to  make  the  Bethlehem  church  re- 
spected and  influential  ;  was  ordained  a  deacon  in 
1856  ;  had  a  fine  legal  practice  ;  became  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1858  ;  and  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war,  in  1861,  joined  the  Confederate  army 
as  a  captain  ;  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
of  25th  S.  C.  Vol.  Regiment;  commanded  it  in 
every  battle  but  one,  until  disabled  by  wounds,  and 
often  prayed  with  his  men  around  the  camp-fire. 
He  was  a  brave  soldier.  He  was  trustee  of  Fur- 
man  University,  a  frequent  member  of  Baptist  State 
Conventions,  and  in  1868  a  member  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention  at  Baltimore,  which  inaugu- 
rated the  good  feeling  then  fast  growing  between 
Southern  and  Northern  Baptists.  In  1869  he  re- 
moved to  California ;  located  at  Suisun  City  ;  joined 
the  Dixon  church  ;  entered  into  a  lucrative  practice  ; 
helped  to  organize  California  College  ;  was  a  trus- 
tee and  secretary  of  the  college  board  until  his  re- 
moval to  Santa  Rosa,  in  1873,  when  he  joined  the 
church  there;  was  chosen  deacon  and  Sunday- 
school  superintendent,  and  is  a  leader  in  the 
church.  Moderator  of  Association,  and  known 
everywhere  as  an  earnest  Baptist.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  county  judge.  In  1879  he  was  nominated 
by  Democrats,  and  indorsed  by  Republicans,  Work- 
ingmen,  and  the  Temperance  parties  for  superior 
judge,  and  elected,  which  position  he  occupies  with 
distinguished  ability.  There  are  few  happier  Chris- 
tian homes  than  the  one  occupied  by  Judge  Pressley 
and  his  wife  at  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 


Prevaux,  Rev.  Francis  Edward,  was  born  in 

Amesbury,  Mass.,  in  1822,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1846,  and  pur- 
sued his  theological  studies  at  Newton.  On  leaving 
the  institution  he  received  an  appointment  from 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society  to 
go  to  California  as  a  missionary  to  the  new  settle- 
ments of  that  State.  He  not  only  jireached  Ijut 
engaged  also  in  the  work  of  teaching.  Although 
his  connection  with  the  Hmne  Missionary  Society 
was  not  of  long  continuance,  he  remained  in  the 
vocation  to  which  he  deemed  himself  called  by  the 
voice  of  Providence.  Ten  years  were  devoted  to 
his  work,  when  the  disease  which  terminated  fatally 
compelled  him  to  return  to  his  Eastern  friends  in 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  wlicre  he  died  May  12,  1860. 

Price,  Rev.  Jonathan  D.,  in  early  life  was  a 
Presbyterian,  and  had  studied  at  Princeton  Col- 
lege. He  was  born  and  reared  in  New  Jersey. 
Expecting  to  go  as  a  missionary,  in  order  to  in- 
crease his  usefulness  he  took  a  course  in  a  medi- 
cal college  at  Philadelphia.  While  reading  the 
news  from  the  Baptist  missions  he  was  led  to  in- 
vestigate the  subject  of  the  ordinances,  became  a 
Baptist,  was  ordained  at  Philadelphia,  shared  with 
Judson  the  savage  barbarities  of  Oung-pen-la,  after- 
wards had  a  prospect  of  great  influence  with  the 
king  and  court  because  of  his  medical  skill,  but 
died  in  1828.  His  wife  was  the  first  female  mis- 
sionary laid  in  the  grave  in  Burmah.  This  early 
link  between  the  Baptists  of  New  Jersey  and  for- 
eign missions  is  calculated  to  animate  zeal  and  ac- 
tivity in  conquering  the  world  fur  Christ. 

Price,  Rev.  Thomas,  Ph.D.,  was  bom  in  Bre- 

conshire,  Wales,  on  the  17th  of  April,  1820.  He 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  AVatergate 
Baptist  church,  Brecon,  by  the  Rev.  John  Evans. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  left  the  rural  scenes 
of  this  ancient  Welsh  town  for  the  metropolis. 
Here  he  united  at  first  with  the  Welsh  church  at 
Moorfields,  and  subsequently  with  the  Eagle  Street 
church,  whence,  in  1841,  he  was  sent  to  Pontypool 
College  to  pursue  his  studies  for  the  Christian  min- 
istry. 

In  1845,  Mr.  Price  was  invited  to  assume  the  pas- 
toral charge  of  the  Calvaria  Baptist  church  in  Aber- 
dare.  It  was  at  the  time  a  feeble  interest,  and  the 
only  church  of  the  Baptist  faith  (with  perhaps  one 
exception)  in  the  whole  of  that  vicinity.  The 
growth  of  the  town,  in  consequence  of  the  develop- 
ment of  large  iron  and  coal  interests,  was  rapid 
and  substantial,  but  not  more  so  than  the  growth 
of  the  Baptist  cause  under  the  vigorous  administra- 
tion of  Mr.  Price.  In  1851  a  new  building  was 
decided  upon,  with  a  seating  capacity  for  1000 
hearers.  The  work  of  the  succeeding  ten  years  is 
unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  denomination 
in  Wales.     Largo  and  commodious  churches  were 


PRICE 


939 


PRICHARD 


built  at  Llwydcoed,  Mill  Street,  Cwradare,  Gadlys 
Ynishvyd,  Aberanian,  Cwmaman,  Capcoiich,  and 
the  editiue  previously  occupied  liy  tin;  Wolsli  church 
was  fitted  up  ami  used  liy  a  flourishing  English  con- 
;;regation. 

In  1S62  there  were  oUQI)  nicmlicrs  in  full  com- 
munion in  the  Aberdare  Valley,  over  1000  at  Oal- 
varia,  the  parent  church,  alone.  No  such  record 
of  aggressive  work  can  be  instanced  of  any  other 
single  pastor  within  the  boundaries  of  the  princi- 
pality. 

Nor  has  the  great  strength  of  this  indefatigable 
worker  been  confined  to  the  interests  of  his  own 
church.  All  the  great  movements  of  a  social  and 
political  character  find  in  him  an  energetic  and 
commanding  supporter.  lie  has  been,  and  still  is, 
a  prominent  leader  and  moulder  of  public  sentiment 
on  every  great  question  of  social,  national,  and  re- 
ligious interest.  The  citizens  have  on  frequent  oc- 
casions testified  their  appreciation  of  his  services 
in  a  befitting  manner.  His  pleasant  home  is  a  per- 
fect gallery  of  costly  testimonials,  indicating  a  life 
of  remarkable  activity  and  a  ver.satility  of  talont 
rarely  found  in  the  same  person. 

Dr.  Price  has  been  for  many  years  on  the  staS" 
of  the  Seren  Gomer,  and  was  for  a  considerable 
period  co-editor  of  the  Gweoii,  an  undenominational 
newspaper  of  wide  influence.  He  was  likewise  joint 
editor  (if  the  Gweit/iewo,  a  social  and  political  paper, 
devoted  mainly  to  the  interests  of  the  working 
classes.  lie  was  principal  promoter  and  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  Gwijliedydd  and  the  Medelwo 
lewane,  and  was  for  many  years  chief  editor  of  the 
Seren  Cymiu,  the  leading  organ  of  the  Welsh 
Baptists  in  the  principality. 

As  lecturer  and  preacher,  Dr.  Price  is  known 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  Great  Britain. 
His  realistic  power  is  remarkable.  He  speaks  of 
the  remote  past  with  a  quaint  familiarity  which 
sometimes  borders  on  the  grotesque,  but  which  is 
immensely  eflcctive  on  the  popular  mind.  The 
simple  narratives  of  .Scripture  seldom  glow  with  a 
purer  lustre  than  when  garni.shed  with  his  peculiar 
genius.  In  every  form  of  descriptive  speech  he  is 
an  accomplished  ma.ster. 

Long  life  and  a  glory-tinted  old  age  to  the  vet- 
eran who  has  been  so  true  and  brave  in  the  moral 
and  spiritual  conflicts  of  his  country  and  his  times! 

Price,  Rev.  Thomas  Jones,  was  bom  in  the 
town  of  Hay,  Breconsliire,  North  Wales,  March  'J, 
1805  ;  came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  1818, 
and  settled  in  Clark  Co..  O. ;  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  and  soon  after  began  to  preach,  being 
then  known  as  the  boy  preacher.  His  work  was 
for  the  most  part  within  the  bounds  of  the  Mad 
River  Association,  Ohio,  over  which  he  presided 
for  thirty-nine  years,  and  in  which  he  exerci.sed  a 
controlling  influence.     He  was  somewhat  eccentric 


in  his  methods  of  work,  and  had  a  special  liking 
for  the  itinerant  system,  preaching  at  the  same 
time  for  a  number  of  churches.  Being  blessed 
with  a  competency,  it  was  his  delight  to  supply 
feeble  churches,  to  help  the  poor,  and  to  give  to 
the  cause  of  missions  at  home  and  abroad.  Under 
the  title  of  "Elder"  Price  he  was  known  far  and 
near,  and  is  remembered  most  affectionately  by 
thousands  of  people.  He  died  April  15,  1876,  and 
was  buried  at  Urbana,  O. 

Prichard,  John,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  the  parish 
of  Llaneilian,  near  Amlwch,  Wales,  in  the  month 
of  March,  1796.  He  was  led  to  the  acceptance  of 
the  Baptist  faith  from  hearing  a  sermon  preached 
by  a  distinguished  Calvinistic  Methodist  (Rev. 
.John  Prytherch)  on  the  sufferings  of  Christ, 
from  the  te.\t,  "  I  have  a  baptism  to  be  baptized 
with,  and  how  am  I  straitened  until  it  is  ac- 
complished?" He  was  immersed  by  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Rees  Davies.  He  entered  the  college  at 
-Vbergavenny  at  the  age  of  twenty-five.  His  first 
and  only  settlement  was  Llangollen.  He  was  a 
most  inc'efatiguble  worker  in  the  cause  of  Christ. 
His  influence  was  felt  more  widely  than  that  of 
any  other  pastor  in  the  northern  counties  of  the 
principality  for  many  years.  He  labored  diligently 
to  establish  an  English  church  in  Llangollen,  and 
not  without  effect.  In  1862  a  college  for  the  train- 
ing of  young  men  for  the  Christian  ministry  was 
established  largely  through  his  influence,  of  which 
he  became  the  president. 

Dr.  Prichard  wrote  much  for  the  press.  Early 
in  his  ministry  he  started  a  monthly  magazine 
for  the  use  of  Baptist  Sunday-schools,  called  Vr 
Athraw  (The  Teacher),  which  he  conducted  single- 
handed  for  many  years.  He  likewise  published  a 
compendium  of  doctrines,  called  "  'Uie  First  Cate- 
chism," upwards  of  thirty  thousand  copies  of  which 
were  sold,  not  to  mention  the  reprint  of  the  same 
in  this  country.  Many  pamphlets  of  great  value 
were  likewise  the  production  of  his  pen. 

He  was  an  able  and  instructive  preacher.  .Many 
of  his  conteiii])oraric8  exceeded  him  in  brilliancy, 
but  in  sanctified  common  sense  and  exalted  piety 
he  was  unsurpassed.  Few  men  served  their  age 
more  faithfully  and  well.  He  died  on  the  7th  of 
September,  IS7.i,  in  his  eightieth  year. 

Prichard,  Rev.  John  Lamb,  was  bom  in  Pas- 
quotank Co.,  N.  C.  Prof.  John  Armstrong  found 
him,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three,  a  carpenter,  and 
awakened  in  him  a  thirst  for  knowledge.  The 
next  year,  1835,  he  presented  hini.self  at  Wake 
Forest  Institute,  then  a  manual  labor  school,  with 
his  kit  of  tools  on  his  shcmlder,  and  asked  the  priv- 
ilege of  working  lor  an  education.  In  1840  he 
graduated  with  honor,  spent  a  year  as  master  of 
an  academy  in  Murfreesborough,  N.  C,  and  then,  at 
the  instance  of  the  Rev.  John  Kerr,  settled  as  pastor 


PRIME 


940 


PRirCHARD 


of  the  Danville  Bii|itist  cliurcli,  in  Virj;inia.  Here 
lie  remained  ten  years,  preaching  a  part  of  the  time 
for  the  churches  of  Yanceyville  and  Milton,  in 
North  Carolina.  In  1852  he  removed  to  Lynch- 
burg, \;\.,  where  for  four  years  he  labored  with 
intense  ardor  and  distinguished  success. 

In  18.')6  he  became  |)ast(ir  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Wilmington,  N.  C,  and  at  once  entered 
upon  the  enterprise  of  erecting  a  new  house  of  wor- 
ship. He  was  not  permitted  to  finish  this  work, 
but  he  lived  long  enough  to  sec  that  his  labors 
would  be  rcwardecl  by  giving  the  Baptists  of  Wil- 
mington the  handsomest  church  structure  in  the 
State. 

In  18(52  the  little  blockade  steamer  "  Kate"' 
brought  the  yellow  fever  to  Wilmington,  and 
among  its  last  and  noblest  victims  was  this  great 
and  good  man.  He  died  a  hero  and  a  martyr,  and 
his  virtues  have  been  fittingly  comnieniorated  in  an 
admirable  memoir  by  the  Rev.  J.  I).  Ilufbam,  D.D. 
Mr.  Prichard  was  twice  married,  first  to  Miss  Mary 
B.  Ilinton,  of  Wake  Co.,  N.  C.  Ilis  second  wife 
was  Miss  Jane,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr.  James  B. 
Taylor,  of  Richmond,  \a..  His  eldest  son,  Robert, 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College,  and  was  an  ac- 
cepted missionary  to  China,  where  he  died.  His 
eldest  daughter,  Mary,  is  the  wife  of  Prof  Charles 
E.  Taylor,  of  AVake  Forest  College. 

Prime,  Rev.  George  U.,  was  born  in  A^ermont 
in  1802;  received  a  liberal  education,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  medicine  first  in  Mississippi  and 
Louisiana.  In  1830  he  settled  in  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
where  he  continued  some  years,  and  then  removed 
to  Camden.  He  became  a  Baptist  about  1858,  while 
practising  his  profession  in  Franklin  Parish,  La. 
He  was  soon  after  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and 
in  a  few  years  returned  to  Arkansas  and  devoted 
himself  entirely  to  the  ministry.  Dr.  Prime  was  a 
fine  writer,  and  at  one  time  paid  much  attention 
to  art  as  an  amateur  portrait-painter.  He  died  at 
Eldorado,  Ark.,  March  1,  1869. 

Prince  Edward  Island  Baptists.— See  article 
on  Nov.\  Scotia  Baptists. 

Prior,  Rev.  John  Thomas,  a  native  of  Georgia, 
was  born  in  Madison,  Morgan  Co.,  Feb.  27,  1847. 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  immersed,  and  joined 
the  Bethlehem  church,  of  which  his  father  was  an 
honored  deacon.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
entered  Blercer  University,  and  graduated  from 
the  full  course  in  1870.  He  began  preaching  early 
in  life,  under  a  license  from  the  Bethlehem  church. 
In  1871  he  was  ordained,  and  engaged  in  teaching 
in  important  schools  of  the  South.  In  1872  he 
accepted  a  call  from  the  Dixon  church,  California, 
acting  as  associate  pastor  for  fifteen  months.  In 
1874  he  was  pastor  at  Grand  Island.  The  next 
five  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Hopewell  and 
Woodland   churches.      In    California    he    gained 


general  confidence  as  a  writer,  and  was  cordially 
welcomed  to  the  business  and  editorial  control  of 
the  Evangel,  the  duties  of  which  he  assumed  in 
1879.  As  a  pastor  and  preacher  he  has  been  very 
successful. 

Pritchard,  T.  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Charlotte, 
N.  C.  Feb.  8,  1S32;  baptized  by  Dr.  W.  T.  Burke 
in  1849;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1854 ;  served  the  college  one  year  as  agent ;  was 
ordained  pastor  of  Hartford  church,  N.  C,  Novem- 
ber, 1855,  Dr.  AVm.  Hooper  preaching  the  sermon  ; 
read  theology  for  a  while  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Broadus, 
in  Charlottesville,  Va.  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Franklin 
Square  church  of  Baltimore  from  January,  1800, 
to  July,  1803  ;  filled  the  pulpit  of  First  church, 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  from  November,  1803,  to  May,  1865, 
during  the  absence  of  pastor.  Dr.  T.  E.  Skinner,  in 


T.   11.    PRITCIIARI),   D.D. 

Europe ;  settled  as  pastor  of  First  church,  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  in  July,  1865  ;  resumed  care  of  the 
Raleigh  church  in  February,  1868,  and  remained 
in  this  position  till  called  to  the  presidency  of 
AVake  Forest  College,  in  July,  1879.  For  seven 
years  Dr.  Pritchard  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Missions  of  State  Convention  ;  and  was  for  several 
years  associate  editor  of  liihlical  Recorder.  He 
received  the  title  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1868.  His  father,  Rev.  J.  P. 
Pritchard,  has  lived  in  Texas  for  twenty-five  years. 
Dr.  T.  II.  Pritchard  is  doing  a  noble  work  for 
Wake  Forest  College,  and  his  great  ability  and 
piety  qualify  him  for  eminent  success  in  any  de- 
partment of  ministerial  labor. 


PROGRESS 


941 


PROGRESS 


Progress  of  Baptist  Principles  in  other  De- 
nominations.— The  Baptists  have  increased  at  a 
riite  within  a  liunilred  years  whicli  is  fitted  to  excite 
astonisiimcnt.  In  1"S4  va  had  471  churches  and 
35,101  meniljers  in  this  coutitrv,  now  we  have 
20,000  churches  and  2,290,327  members.  But  our 
principles  have  spread  very  widely  in  other  re- 
lij;iou3  communities. 

Ever  since  the  Saviour  said,  "  My  kingdom  is 
not  of  tliis  world;  if  my  kingdom  wore  of  this 
world,  tlien  would  my  servants  firjhl"  Baptists 
have  repudiated  the  connection  between  church 
and  state,  Ijy  which  the  latter  supports  the  former. 
About  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  the 
Quakers  and  Baptists  were  severely  persecuted  in 
Massachusetts,  and  numbers  of  both  communities 
were  banished.  "  Toleration  was  preached  against 
as  a  sin  in  rulers,  that  would  bring  down  the  judg- 
ment of  heaven  upon  the  land.  Mr.  Dudley  {the 
deputy  governor)  died  with  a  copy  of  verses  in  his 
pocket,  of  which  the  two  following  lines  make  a 
part 

'  Let  raen  of  God,  in  court  and  churches,  watch 
O'er  such  as  do  a  toleration  liatch.'"* 

John  Adams,  subsequently  President  of  the 
United  States,  while  he  was  at  the  Continental 
Congress,  in  1774,  declared  that  it  was  against  tlie 
consciences  of  the  people  of  Massacluisetts  to  make 
any  change  in  their  laws  aljout  religion;  that 
Israel  Pemberton  the  Quaker,  and  Isaac  Backus 
the  Baptist  minister,  who  were  seeking  deliver- 
ance for  their  brethren,  suffering  imprisonment  in 
Massachusetts  jails  for  their  religious  opinions, 
might  as  well  think  they  could  change  the  move- 
ments of  tlie  heavenly  bodies  as  alter  their  religious 
laws.t  This  was  the  doctrine  of  American  Congre- 
gationalists  during  the  struggle  for  independence. 

In  Virginia  the  Episcopal  state  church  levied 
taxes  to  support  her  ministry,  with  an  oppressive 
severity  from  the  settlement  of  the  colony  down  to 
the  time  when  Revolutionary  IDierty  and  Baptist 
and  Presbyterian  growth  deprived  her  of  her  unjust 
exactions.  But  after  this  an  insidious  effort  was 
made  to  pass  an  assessment  law,  Ijy  which  each  man 
should  be  compelled  to  pay  a  tax  to  support  his  own 
minister.  Patrick  llenryj  favonnl  the  assessment, 
and  Washington  and  Jolm  Marshall,  the  future 
chier  justice  of  the  United  States, g  and  the  Presby- 
terian ministers  of  Virginia,  and,  of  course,  the 
Kpiscopal  Church.  But  the  Baptists  and  Pres- 
byterian laymen  finally  secured  the  rejection  of  the 
assessment  in  17S.5.  Thomas  Jefferson,  tlie  great 
friend  of  liberty  in  worshiping  God  for  tlie  Baptists 

*  Grimshaw's  History  of  the  United  States,  pp.  57,  {)8.    Philadel- 

jiliia,  18:10. 
t  tifc  and  Works  of  Jolin  Adams,  ii.  399. 
J  Wirt's  I.ifc  of  Patrick  Henry,  p.  203.     Hartford, 
g  Rivcs's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  i.  GOl-2. 


of  Virginia,  says,  ia  a  letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  "  There 
was  a  hope  confidently  cherislied  about  1800  that 
there  might  be  a  state  church  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  this  expectation  was  specially  cherished 
by  Episcopalians  and  Congregationalists."|| 

To-day,  in  our  broad  country,  in  every  denom- 
ination of  Protestants,  the  Baptist  doctrine,  that 
religion  should  be  free  from  state  guardianship  and 
financial  support,  is  universally  accepted. 

In  the  time  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  one  of  the 
greatest  of  American  thinkers,  and  one  of  the  most 
devout  Christians  that  ever  ministered  in  a  Congre- 
gational meeting-house,  his  church  in  Northamp- 
ton, Mass.,  admitted  to  the  Lord's  Supper  "those 
who  really  rejected  Jesus  Christ  and  disliked  the 
gospel  way  of  salvation  in  their  hearts,  and  knew 
that  this  was  true  of  themselves ;"  and  the  church 
had  a  method  of  admitting  such  members  "  with- 
out lying  and  hypocrisy.''  This  system  "  spread 
very  much  among  ministers  and  people  in  that 
county  and  in  other  parts  of  New  England. "Tf 
When  Mr.  Edwards,  in  1749,  felt  compelled  to 
take  the  ground  that  none  but  rciil  Christians  have 
a  right  to  come  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  his  Baptist 
platform  for  the  communion  table  created  a  great 
ferment  throughout  the  town,  and  a  general  cry  for 
his  dismissal  was  heard,  and  the  next  year  he  was 
driven  from  a  church  where  the  Lord  had  so  sig- 
nally honored  his  ministry.  Isaac  Backus  brought 
the  same  charge  against  the  First  Congregational 
church  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1745.  As  Dr.  Hovey 
relates  it,  "  Men  who  entertained  no  hope  them- 
selves, and  who  gave  no  evidence  to  others  that 
they  bad  lieen  renewed  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  were 
often,  if  not  generally,  admitted  to  all  the  privi- 
leges and  ordinances  of  the  Christian  church."'** 
Tliis  system,  out  of  which  Unitarianism  grew  in 
New  England,  was  a  wide-spread  and  malignant 
evil  one  hundred  and  thirty  years  ago. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  in  America  was  in  the 
same  situation.  The  Larger  Catechism  of  that 
church  says  of  baptism,  "  Whereby  the  parties 
baptized  are  solemnly  admitted  into  the  visible 
church,  and  enter  into  an  open  and  professed  en- 
gagement to  be  wholly  and  only  the  Lord's."tt  In 
the  time  of  Edwards  this  article,  framed  by  the 
Westminster  Assembly,  was  in  full  force,  the  child 
of  church  members  was  admitted  into  the  church 
by  baptism,  and  in  youth  on  merely  repeating  the 
catechism,  without  any  reference  to  a  new  heart, 
was  permitted  to  go  to  the  Lord's  table.  Curtis 
states  that  at  the  time  wlien  Princeton  Seminary 
was   founded,  "  so  far  from  conversion  being  es- 

I  Hemoirs,  Correspondence,  etc.,  iii.  341.    Chai'lottoaville,  1829. 
K  Works  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  i.  Pref.  clvii.     London,  1840. 
•♦  Life  and  Times  of  Isaac  Backus,  p.  44.     Boston,  18.19. 
tt  The   Conslitulion  of  the    Presbyterian   Cliurch,  pp.  341-42. 
Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication  Philadolptiia. 


PROGRESS 


942 


PROSELYTE 


teemed  necessary  to  full  communion,  it  was  a  mat- 
ter of  formal  discussion  whether  it  was  proper  to 
require  the  credible  profession  of  a  change  of  heart 
in  the  ministry,  and  considered  that  it  w.is  not. 
Yet  even  now  there  is  nothing  in  their  Confession 
of  Faith  to  prevent  the  reception  of  unconverted 
persons  as  communicants.  The  Established  Clmrch 
of  Scotland,  with  a  similar  confession  [the  same], 
does  not  require  conversion."* 

As  late  as  the  Revolution  the  Episcopalians  were 
lamentably  indifferent  about  the  conversion  of  the 
clergy  as  a  qualification  for  their  sacred  office,  and 
about  the  regeneration  of  the  laity  as  a  needful 
preparation  for  the  Eucharist. 

In  our  day  the  Congregational  ministry  and 
membership  stand  on  the  Saviours  platform  of 
conversion.  No  one  can  unite  with  the  Presby- 
terian Cliurch  of  this  country  without  satisfying 
the  minister  and  elders  that  he  has  a  new  he.irt. 
And  even  in  evangelical  congregations  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church  the  godly  rector  in  preparing  his 
••confirmation  class"  for  the  bishop  will  exercise 
much  vigilance  to  see  that  each  of  them  is  born 
"  from  .above.'' 

Infant  baptism  is  suffering  from  a  rapid  decline. 
In  the  time  of  Edwards  every  infant  in  the  col- 
onies, whose  parents  were  not  Baptists  or  Quakers, 
was  duly  christened  shortly  after  birth,  just  as  every 
similar  child  in  England  is  baptized  in  our  day.  But 
with  us  now  there  are  hosts  of  unsprinkled  children 
whose  parents  are  pious  Pedobaptists.  Many  of 
the  most  devoted  members  of  non-Baptist  commu- 
nities leave  their  children  to  select  their  own  form 
of  baptism  when  they  are  converted.  Curtis,  whose 
work  was  published  in  185.5,  among  other  evi- 
dences of  the  decline  of  infant  baptism  quotes 
from  a  "recent  number'  of  the  Journal  of  Com- 
merce the  statement  of  its  Boston  correspondent, 
who  says,  "  In  our  Congregational  churches  we 
fear  that  there  is  considerable  indifference  and 
neglect  in  reference  to  infant  baptism.  In  one  of 
our  oldest  churches  in  this  State  there  bad  not 
been  a  few  years  since  an  instance  of  infant  bap- 
tism for  the  .seven  preceding  years.  Last  year 
there  were  seventy  Congregational  churches  in  New 
Hampshire  that  reported  no  infant  baptisms.  This 
year  ninety-six  churches  report  none.  If  this  indif- 
ference continues  the  ordinance  will  become  extinct 
in  the  Congregational  churches."' 

In  1S2T,  Curtis  states  that  there  was  one  infant 
baptized  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United 
States  to  every  \'i\  communicants,  and  in  1853 
the  tables  of  the  Old  and  New  School  Presbyterians 
being  counted  together,  infant  baptism  had  de- 
creased from  13J  to  22j%.  Thi.s  is  a  reduction  of 
not  quite  a  half  in  a  few  years.f     Among  the  Meth- 

•  Progresa  of  Baptist  Principles,  p.  66.    Bostou,  1855. 
t  Idem,  pp.  lSl-33.    Bostuu,  1865. 


odists  the  ceremony  is  treated  with  even  less  con- 
sideration, and  the  decay  is  still  in  rapid  progress. 
Our  principles  have  invaded  the  churches  of 
our  brethren  of  the  evangelical  denominations,  and 
they  have  expelled  state-churchism  from  every  one 
of  them  ;  they  have  shown  them  the  Saviour's 
grand  doctrine  that  a  church  should  bo  composed 
of  converted  members,  which  has  lieen  adopted 
extensively,  and  they  are  breathing  a  withering 
decline  over  the  practice  of  infant  baptism.  In  our 
own  denominational  fold,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  we 
have  gathered  a  host  of  converts  and  trained  them 
for  the  highest  usefulness.  We  have  reared  many 
noble  institutions  of  learning,  sent  out  missionaries 
whom  God  has  greatly  blessed,  and  exerted  a  pow- 
erful influence  in  favor  of  true  liberty  on  the  State 
and  National  institutions  of  our  country,  and  out- 
side of  it  in  America  our  work  has  been  .ilmost  as 
great.  And  it  is  likely  that  our  influence  in  other 
denominations  will  continue,  and  even  spread,  until 
"  alien  baptisms"  will  equal  Baptist  immersions, 
and  children  will  be  relieved  from  the  initiatory 
rite  altogether,  and  one  great  fold  will  embrace  the 
whole  regenerated  followers  of  the  Lamb. 

Proper,  Rev.  DatasD.,  was  born  in  Van  Buren 
Co.,  Iowa,  Jan.  .31,  1844.  In  1862,  during  his  aca- 
demic course  at  Mount  Pleasant,  he  entered  the 
army  and  served  three  years.  In  January,  1860, 
he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  He  afterwards 
engaged  for  a  time  in  teaching  school  and  farming, 
and  while  thus  occupied  he  was  impressed  with  the 
conviction  that  it  was  his  duty  to  pre.ich  the  gospel. 
In  1S72  he  was  ordained.  In  1873  he  went  to  the 
Theological  Seminary,  Chicago,  where  he  graduated 
from  the  special  course  in  1875.  In  1875  he  set- 
tled as  pastor  at  Ames,  Iowa,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  During  this  time  56  were  added  to  the 
church.  In  1877  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church 
at  Iowa  Falls.  He  resigned  this  pastorate  to  be- 
come State  Sunday-School  missionary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Publication  Society  and  of  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention.  He  gave  to  this  work 
fifteen  months  of  earnest  and  successful  labor,  and 
then  returned  to  the  pastorate,  settling  with  the 
East  Des  Moines  Baptist  church,  his  present  field 
of  labor. 

Proselyte  Baptism  of  the  Jews  is  still  a  living 
institution,  and  occasionally  in  the  United  States  it 
is  administered.  Dr.  Lightfoot  says  that  "  As  soon 
as  the  proselyte  grows  whole  of  the  wound  of  cir- 
cumcision they  bring  him  to  baptism,  and  placed 
in  the  water,  they  again  instruct  him  in  some 
weightier  and  in  some  lighter  commands  of  the 
law;  which  being  heard,  he  plunges  himself,  and 
comes  up,  and  behold  he  is  an  Israelite  indeed  in 
all  things."  To  explain  what  the  plunging  is  he 
quotes  from  Maimonides,  "Every  person  baptized 
must  dip  his' whole  body,  now  stripped  and  made 


PROUD  FOOT 


943 


PROVIDENCE 


naked,  at  one  dippioj;."  (Whole  Works,  vol.  xi. 
pp.59, 61.  London,  1826.)  This  complete  dipping 
is  still  required  for  a  Pagan  or  a  Christian  em- 
bracing .Judaism.  (The  Baptism  of  the  Ages,  p. 
192.     Publication  Society,  Philadelphia.) 

Proudfoot,  Rev.  Richard,  was  bom  in  the  city 
of  London  in  1770.  He  came  to  America  prior  to 
the  war  of  1812,  and  became  a  student  under  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Staughton,  of  Philadelphia.  Soon 
after  his  course  of  preparatory  study  for  the  work 
of  the  ministry,  he  settled  in  Cambria  County, 
when  that  section  was  almost  an  unbroken  wilder- 
ness. His  field  of  labor  stretched  over  the  Alle- 
ghanies  and  eastward  to  Huntingdon,  Stone  Creek, 
Mill  Creek,  Shirleysburg,  and  parts  adjacent.  In 
all  these  places  the  fruits  of  his  labor  are  very  appar- 
ent in  churches  still  e.Kisting.  He  triiveled  over 
this  immense  region,  sometimes  on  foot  or  in  the 
saddle,  amid  all  conditions  of  weather,  until  called 
home  to  his  reward,  May  2,  1845,  aged  seventy- 
five  years.  His  place  of  burial  is  at  Three  .Springs, 
Huntingdon  County.  Brother  Proudfoot  stands 
among  the  honored  band  of  twenty-sis  ministers, 
from  eleven  different  States,  who  assembled  in 
Philadelphia,  May  18,  1814,  and  organized  the  Bap- 
tist Triennial  Convention,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
recognized  and  appointed  -Judson  and  Rice  as  mis- 
sionaries in  Burraah. 

Providence. — That  God  created  the  world  and 
everything  in  it  wo  assume,  and  that  he  exercises 
dominion  over  these  woi'ks  of  his  hands  his  Word 
unmistakably  teaches.  His  government  of  the 
world  is  plainly  to  be  inferred  from  the  vast  and 
diversified  interest  he  has  shown  in  summoning  it 
into  existence.  The  maker  of  a  powerful  engine, 
requiring  great  skill  and  patient  toil,  would  not 
leave  it  at  work  without  superintendence,  and  with-  , 
out  protection  from  the  eSbrts  of  the  evil  disposed,  I 
who  might  readily  destroy  its  efficiency.  .Jehovah 
has  complete  control  of  the  world  and  all  its  move- 
ments, and  his  government  is  in  continual  exercise 
for  the  best  interests  of  our  race. 

The  supreme  reason  for  each  earthly  act  is  the 
order  of  Jehovah.  We  do  not  speak  of  the  causes 
of  events,  but  the  reasons,  without  which  they  can- 
not exist  in  this  world.  God  has  two  classes  of 
orders,  decrees  of  permission  and  decrees  of  appoint- 
ment. By  the  former  he  allows  men  and  demons 
to  commit  acts  of  wrong  which  they  have  planned, 
and  for  the  conception  and  execution  of  which  they 
are  solely  responsible.  By  the  latter  he  directly 
ordains  the  existence  of  pure  and  merciful  events. 
And  by  these  two  classes  of  divine  orders  Jesus 
rules  the  world.  .Job's  experience  furnishes  an  il- 
lustration of  God"s  decrees  of  permission  and  of 
appointment.  When  Satan  turned  the  fury  of  the 
tornado  upon  the  house  in  which  his  children  were 
feasting,  and  his  sons  were  killed,  he  said.  "  The 


Lord  gave  and  the  Lord  hath  taken  away,  blessed 
be  the  name  of  the  lord.''  By  divine  appointment 
.Job's  sons  came  to  him  :  by  d'wine permission  Satan 
destroyed  his  young  men,  and  Job  recognizes  the 
dominion  of  God  in  both  events.  The  Saviour 
says,  "All  power  is  given  unto  me  in  heaven  and 
in  earth.''  Tfie  word  power  (Hovaia)  used  by 
-Matthew  means  authority,  sovereignty,  dominion. 
Christ,  then,  has  entire  control  of  the  birds  of  the 
air.  the  fish  of  the  sea,  the  beasts  of  the  field,  and 
the  whole  movements  of  human  beings,  and  of  all 
the  elements,  and  of  all  the  worlds,  of  everything, 
and  of  every  one  that  can  influence  mortals  favor- 
ably, unfavorably,  or  indifferently.  He  received 
this  authority  to  use  it,  and  he  cannot  be  unfaith- 
ful to  his  trust.  "  He  doeth  according  to  his  will  in 
the  army  of  heaven,  and  among  the  inhabitants  of 
the  earth." 

Instruments  oj" the  Saviour's  Providential  Govern- 
ment.— He  uses  what  we  call  accidents  as  the  in- 
struments of  his  providential  government.  When 
the  voice  of  God  arrested  the  knife  with  which 
Abraham  was  going  to  kill  Isa.ac,  he  found  a  ram 
caught  in  a  thicket  ready  for  the  altar  from  which 
his  only  son  was  released.  Xo  human  being  en- 
ticed the  ram  to  the  thicket,  or  drove,  or  bound  it 
there ;  .Jehovah  drew  it  by  the  attractive  shrubs, 
or  the  sweet  grass,  and  unconsciously  it  pressed 
forward  until  its  horns  were  firmly  held  by  the 
tangled  brush  ;  and  by  this  apparent  accident  the 
Lord  provided  for  the  necessities  of  Abraham's 
situation,  as  he  has  done  myriads  of  times  since 
for  the  needs  of  others. 

The  worst  crimes  of  men  are  instruments  of  God's 
government.  The  speciiil  love  which  .Jacob  cher- 
ished for  Joseph  stirred  up  tlie  fierce  malice  of  his 
brothers,  and  at  first  they  proposed  to  murder  him, 
and  then  they  concluded  to  sell  him  into  slavery 
and  tell  his  father  that  a  wild  beast  had  killed  him. 
A  band  of  Ishniaelites  going  down  to  Egypt,  no 
doubt  knowing  that  he  was  as  free  as  themselves, 
agreed  to  buy  him  and  to  aid  his  brothers  in  their 
great  crime.  When  Potiphar  bought  Joseph  the 
wickedness  of  his  wife  soon  covered  the  young 
Hebrew  with  infamy  and  cast  him  into  prison. 
Three  parties,  by  as  many  distinct  ini(|uities,  lent 
their  aid  to  place  .Joseph  in  jail.  Tliere  he  inter- 
preted the  dream  of  a  high  officer  in  Pharaoh's 
palace,  he  in  process  of  time  mentioned  Joseph  to 
the  king,  whose  mysterious  visions  he  explained, 
and  Joseph  became  governor  of  all  Egypt,  and 
saved  its  people  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  adjacent 
countries,  including  his  father  and  brothers,  from 
the  horrors  of  a  seven  years'  famine.  The  basest 
passions  of  men's  hearts  are  often  turned  by  Je- 
hovah into  channels  of  benevolence. 

Henry  VIIL,  of  England,  wrote  a  book  against 
Luther,  and  w;v.s  the  strongest  partisan  of  the  pa- 


I'ltOVIDENCE 


944 


PROVIDhWCK 


pacy  iti  Europe.  But  the  Lord  determined  to  bring 
him  and  his  people  from  the  odious  tyranny  of 
Kome.  Henry  fell  in  love  with  a  young  lady  of 
his  court,  and  for  certain  reasons  he  sought  a  di- 
vorce from  his  wife  Catherine  ;  the  pope  was  afraid 
to  offend  Charles  V.,  a  near  relative  of  the  queen, 
and  a  neighbor  of  his  holiness,  and  he  refused 
Henry's  application.  The  king  secured  a  divorce 
from  his  Parliament  and  married  Anne  Boleyn. 
Upon  the  new  marriage  the  wrath  of  papal  Europe 
was  expended,  and  Queen  Anne,  who  loved  the 
Bible,  led  her  husband  and  his  kingdom  into  the 
ranks  of  the  Reformation.  Before,  and  since,  the 
Jews,  out  of  envy  and  hatred,  were  employed  by 
Jehovah  to  shed  the  blood  of  atonement  and  to 
purchase  our  redemption  by  the  wounds  they  in- 
flicted upon  Jesus;  in  innumerable  cases  God  has 
used  the  dark  passions  of  men  to  execute  his  plans 
of  love. 

The  ioweriiig  ambition  of  men  is  another  agency 
of  his  providence.  The  Medes  were  once  lying 
outside  of  Babylon,  resolved  to  increase  their  glory 
and  their  empire  by  the  capture  of  the  mightiest 
and  most  magnificent  city  on  earth.  Within  its 
walls  their  power  and  threats  were  regarded  with 
contempt.  One  night  the  king  made  a  great  feast 
for  a  thousand  of  his  lords,  and  during  the  joyful 
excitement  the  sacred  vessels  carried  from  the  tem- 
ple of  God  in  Jerusalem  by  the  plundering  Baby- 
lonians were  brought  to  the  favored  guests,  and 
tliey  drank  wine  out  of  them  in  honor  of  the  gods 
of  BaV>ylon,  and  they  blasphemed  Jehovah.  Soon 
the  terrible  hand  and  writing  wei'e  seen,  and  speed- 
ily the  ambitious  Medes  were  in  that  palace,  and 
that  night  guilty  Belshazzar  was  slain,  and  Darius 
sat  upon  his  throne. 

The  suyt/estions  of  Jehovah  influence  men  to  per- 
form the  behests  of  his  providence.  Just  as  evil 
spirits  can  make  suggestions  in  our  minds  without 
our  knowledge  of  their  presence,  so  can  -Jehovah. 
AVhen  Achan  concealed  the  precious  metals  and 
the  rich  robe  at  the  capture  of  Jericho,  his  brethren 
knew  nothing  of  his  crime.  The  rout  at  Ai  pro- 
claimed the  fact  that  some  one  had  sinned,  but 
said  nothing  about  the  transgressor.  The  lots  were 
cast,  and  Achan  was  unmasked  and  he  confessed. 
But  the  suggestions  of  God  himself  were  required 
to  guide  those  who  cast  the  lots.  So  when  Hanian 
was  going  to  hang  Mordecai,  the  man  of  God,  the 
night  before  the  king's  consent  was  to  be  solicited, 
Ahasuerus  could  not  sleep,  and  instead  of  music  or 
wine  he  had  the  chronicles  of  his  kingdom  read, 
and,  singularly  enough,  that  section  of  them  nar- 
rating that  Mordecai  had  saved  the  king  from  as- 
sassination, and  that  he  had  never  been  rewarded. 
Mordecai  was  honored  the  next  morning  by  Hainan 
leading  him  through  the  principal  street  of  Baby- 
lon with  the  king's  crown  upon  his  head  and  a 


royal  robe  around  him,  and  making  proclamation 
that  he  was  the  man  whom  the  king  delighted  to 
honor.  God  disturbed  the  king  that  sleepless 
night ;  he  suggested  the  chronicles  of  his  kingdom, 
and  the  section  about  Mordecai,  and  his  providence 
protected  his  life  and  honored  him.  It  was  Jehovah 
that  suggested  modern  mis.siuns  to  William  Carey, 
and  by  suggestion,  beyond  all  doubt,  harvests  of 
acts  of  God's  government  are  summoned  into  life. 
These  are  some  of  the  agencies  employed  by  divine 
providence. 

('haracierofihe  Government. — It  applies  to  every- 
thing affecting  human  life,  even  the  smallest  mat- 
ters. The  Saviour  says,  ''  Are  not  two  sparrows 
sold  for  a  farthing?  And  one  of  them  shall  not 
fall  on  the  ground  without  your  Father ;  but  the 
very  hairs  of  your  head  are  all  numbered  ;  fear 
ye  not,  therefore,  ye  are  of  more  value  than  many 
sparrows." — Matt.  x.  29-31.  From  the  falling  of 
a  sparrow  to  the  jar  which  makes  a  globe  trem- 
ble the  Saviours  providence  controls  everything. 

It  rules  ecerijihing  icisel;/.  The  wheels  of  provi- 
dence, according  to  Ezekiel,  are  full  of  eyes,  and 
they  give  such  abundance  of  knowledge  that  there 
is  no  room  for  mistakes ;  and,  according  to  the 
same  writer,  the  God-man,  enthroned,  sat  on  a 
crystal  firmament,  watching  every  movement  of 
the  great  wheels  of  providence,  and  rendering  mis- 
takes impossible.  The  Stamp  Tax  and  the  Tea 
Duty  created  the  American  Kevolution,  extended 
and  secured  the  liberties  of  this  land,  and  have 
made  our  country  a  miracle  of  progress,  without  a 
parallel  in  human  history.  Our  independence  gave 
the  Reform  Bill  and  vastly  extended  liljerty  to  Eng- 
land and  to  all  her  colonies.  It  gave  freedom  to  all 
the  republics  on  this  side  of  tlie  Atlantic:  and  it 
has  given  the  same  blessing  to  France  and  Italy, 
and,  in  some  measure,  to  Spain,  Prussia,  and  Aus- 
tria.    The  providence  of  God  makes  no  mistakes. 

It  draws  blessings  from  all  sources.  The  foul 
waters  that  flow  from  the  sewers  of  a  large  city 
reach  the  river  and  the  ocean,  and  the  sun  draws 
them  up  in  vapors  into  the  clouds,  but  in  their 
journey  they  lose  everj-thing  poisonous  and  offen- 
sive, and  they  descend  in  sweet  rains  to  fill  the 
fountains  and  the  rivers.  So  the  events  of  provi- 
dence are  all  turned  into  favors  for  the  children  of 
God,  "^H  things  work  together  for  good  to  them 
that  love  God,  to  them  that  are  the  called  accord- 
ing to  his  purpose."'  "  No  weapon  that  is  formed 
against  them  shall  prosper."  While  the  hands 
that  were  pierced  with  the  nails  of  Calvary  hold 
the  reins  of  earthly  movements,  started  by  mate- 
rial, Satanic,  or  human  agencies,  the  child  of  God 
is  safe;  his  wants  shall  be  supplied,  and  his  Mas- 
ter will  continually,  as  well  as  finally,  give  him 
the  victory. 

Providence,  First  Baptist  Church  of,  was 


PROVIDENCE 


945 


PllOVIDENCE 


founded  in  1039.  This  ancient  church  has  a  j^rand 
history,  and  deserves  a  conspicuous  fjlace  in  the 
•■  IJaptist  KncyclopiBdia.''  In  March.  1G3'.».  Ezcltiel 
Ilolliman  baptized  llo^or  AV'illianis.  Mr.  Williams, 
immediately  after,  immersed  him  and  ten  others. 
The  church  was  constituted  at  this  time.  Mr. 
Williams,  whose  ministerial  character  was  reeog- 
iiizod  by  his  brethren  in  receiving  baptism  from 
him  instead  of  .Mr.  Ilolliman,  after  lie  submitted 
to  the  rite,  became  the  minister  of  the  infant  com- 
munity. Some  time  afterwards  he  withdrew  from 
them,  and  was  succeeded  by  Chad  Brown,  a  man 
of  steadfastness,  wisdom,  and  great  influence,  tlie 
founder  in  America  of  the  distinguished  Brown 
family  of  Providence,  one  of  whom.  Nicholas,  gave 
his  name  to  our  oldest  university.  William  Wick- 
enden  followed  Chad  Brown  as  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Providence.  Gregory  Dexter,  after  Wni. 
Wickenden.  held  the  same  position.  Thomas  01- 
ney  took  charge  of  the  church  after  Mr.  Dexter. 
The  Kev.  Pardon  Tillingliast  ministered  to  the  old 
church  after  Mr.  Olney.  This  generous  man  gave 
his  ministerial  services  for  nothing,  and  at  his  own 
expense  built  a  house  of  worship  and  presented  it 
as  a  gift  to  tiie  church.  Ebenezer  •Jenck.s  was  the 
successor  of  Pardon  Tillinghast,  his  ministry  con- 
tinuing some  seven  years.  The  little  church,  like 
a  good  many  other  small  churches,  had  its  contro- 
versies. The  question  which  disturbed  it  was 
one  to  which  is  attached  very  little  importance  in 
these  days.  It  was  whether  the  '"laying  on  of 
hands''  was  necessary  to  constitute  a  person  a  valid 
member  of  a  church  formed,  as  was  believed,  after 
the  divine  apostolic  model.  James  Brown,  the 
grandson  of  Chad,  succeeded  Ebenezer  Jencks,  and 
Samuel  Winsor  followed  him.  In  1720  a  better 
and  more  commodious  house  of  worship  was 
erected,  through  the  zeal  and  enterprise  of  some 
of  the  members  of  the  churcli.  and  under  the  min- 
istry of  Samuel  Winsor,  Jr.,  the  discordant  ele- 
ments appeared  to  be  blending  more  harmoniously 
together. 

'■  For  one  hundred  and  thirty  years,"  says  the 
Iiistorical  sketch  prepared  by  Dr.  Caldwell  and 
Prof.  William  Gammell,  ■'  the  church  has  been 
going  on,  receiving  neither  from  within  nor  with- 
out any  strong  impulse.  Its  ministers  were  na- 
tives, bred  on  the  spot,  generally  advanced  in 
years,  at  work  for  their  daily  bread,  and  with  no 
s|iecial  training.  The  church  had  been  content 
with  their  \in)iaid  services,  and  with  such  growth 
as  cumi'.  It  had  a  small  meeting-house.  It  had 
liut  118  members  in  a  population  of  4000,  with 
400  families.  The  time  had  come  for  advance  and 
enlargement." 

The  establishment  of  Rhode  Island  College,  as 
it  was  then  called,  in  Providence,  and  the  coming 
to  the  town  of  so  gifted  a  scholar  and  so  eloquent  a 


preacher  as  Rev.  James  Manning,  the  first  presi- 
dent of  the  college,  were  the  harbingers  of  better 
d.iys  to  the  church.  The  weight  of  Mr.  Manning's 
influence  was  thrown  in  the  scale  against  those 
who  insisted  on  "the  imposition  of  hands"  being 
a  prerequisite  to  full  church  membership.  Mr. 
Winsor  and  those  who  sympathized  with  him 
withdrew  from  the  church,  determined  to  have  no 
fellowship  with  those  who  either  denied  or  ques- 
tioned the  permanent  obligation  of  those  who  were 
to  enter  a  Christian  church  "  p.assing  under  hands,"' 
as  it  was  termed.  Dr.  Manning  had  the  rare  gift 
of  enlisting  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  of  others 
in  aiding  him  to  carry  out  the  plans  upon  the  ac- 
complishment of  which  he  set  his  heart.  He  ele- 
vated the  tone  of  public  sentiment  in  the  matter  of 
sustaining  religious  worship.  A  house  "  for  the 
public  worship  of  Almighty  God,  and  also  for 
holding  commencement  in,'"  was  erected.  Modeled 
after  that  of  "  St.  Mariin-in-the-Fields"  in  London, 
it  is  a  gem  of  architectural  beauty,  which  even  to 
this  day  wins  the  admiration  of  all  persons  of  good 
taste,  and  will  ever  remain  as  an  illustration  of  the 
large  benevolence  and  the  generous  self-sacrifice  of 
those  who  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  rearing  a 
structure  of  such  noble  dimensions  and  eminent 
fitness  for  tlie  purposes  fo^r  which  it  was  built.  It 
cost  not  far  from  £7 100,  a  sum  which  represents,  we 
venture  to  say.  more  than  twice  that  amount  in 
these  days. 

President  Manning  died  July  29.  1791.  in  the 
fifty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  In  spite  of  the  heavy 
weight  of  care  which  rested  on  him  as  the  presid- 
ing oflicer  of  an  institution  which  was  struggling 
for  life,  no  ministry  of  the  church  in  all  its  previous 
history  had  been  so  successful  as  his.  Although 
lie  never  regarded  himself,  in  the  proper  sense  of 
the  word,  as  the  pastor  of  the  church,  he  performed 
for  it  a  service  of  great  value,  and  left  an  impress 
upon  it  which  is  felt  to  this  day. 

The  pastorate  of  the  next  minister.  Rev.  John 
Stanford,  and  that  of  his  successor,  the  eloquent 
Maxcy,  were  of  comparatively  brief  dui-ation.  Upon 
the  election  of  Maxcy  to  the  presidency  of  the  col- 
lege, a  nephew  of  President  Manning,  the  Kev. 
Stephen  Gano,  M.D.,  was  called  to  succeed  him. 
His  ministry  continued  for  thirty-five  years,  and 
was  blessed  as  that  of  few  servants  of  Christ  has 
been.  Remarkable  revivals  attended  his  preaching. 
The  first  one  of  them,  that  of  1820,  brought  an 
addition  of  147  persons  to  the  church  by  baptism. 
Dr.  Gano  died  Aug.  18,  I82S.  The  church  more 
than  quadrupled  during  the  pastorate  of  Dr.  Gano. 

Kev.  Robert  Everett  Pattison  was  called  to  fill  the 
important  place  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  his 
predecessor,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
oflice  March  21,  1831.  For  a  little  more  than  five 
years  he  preached  and  performed  the  work  of  a 


PROVIDENCE 


946 


PROVIDENCE 


pastor  with  distinguished  success,  in  building  up 
his  people  in  Christiiin  knowledge  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  graces  of  the  Christian  character.  Such 
a  ministry  as  that  of  Dr.  Pattison's  was  most  fruit- 
ful for  good,  and  its  results  are  felt  down  to  the 
present  hour.  Called  to  the  presidency  of  Water- 
ville  College,  now  Colby  University,  he  resigned 
his  office  Aug.  1 1,  1836.  Rev.  William  Hague  was 
elected  pastor  of  the  church  June  1,  1837,  and  sus- 


Providence,  was  the  Rev.  James  Nathaniel  Granger, 
who  commenced  his  labors  Nov.  13,  1842,  and  re- 
mained pastor  of  the  church  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Jan.  5,  1S.57.  Having  been  appointed  in 
connection  with  Dr.  Solomon  Peck  as  one  of  a 
deputation  to  visit  the  Baptist  missionary  stations 
in  the  East,  he  was  absent  from  his  people  a  little 
more  than  a  year  and  a  half.  The  larger  part  of 
this  time  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church  devolved 


FIRST    BAPTIST    CHURCH,   l-ROV  1  UENCK,    R.    1. 


tained  that  relation  to  it  a  little  more  than  three 
years.  Over  one  hundred  persons  were  received 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  by  baptism  and 
by  letter  during  his  ministry.  Upon  the  resigna- 
tion of  Dr.  Hague,  Dr.  Pattison  for  a  short  time 
performed  again  the  duties  of  pastor,  when  his 
election  as  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  Baptist 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  once  more  dissolved  his 
connection  with  the  people  of  his  charge.  His  suc- 
cessor, whose  memory  is  still  so  greatly  revered  in 


on  the  Rev. -lolin  Calvin  Stockbridge,  until  his  call 
to  succeed  the  venerable  Dr.  Sharp  as  pastor  of  the 
Charles  Street  church,  in  Boston,  brought  the  en- 
gagement to  a  close.  During  the  remainder  of  Dr. 
Granger's  absence  the  Rev.  Francis  Smith  supplied 
the  pulpit.  After  the  return  of  Dr.  Granger  from 
the  East,  the  Rev.  William  Carey  Richards  was  his 
assistant  for  a  brief  period,  until  the  formation  of 
the  Brown  Street  church,  of  which  he  was  chosen 
the  pastoi-,  dissolved  the  connection.     The  Rev. 


PROVIDENCE 


947 


.PRYOR 


Francis  Wuyland,  D.D.,  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
Granger,  acted  as  pastor  of  the  church  for  some- 
what more  than  a  year  with  rare  fidelity,  and  the 
most  conscientious  application  to  the  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  what  he  ever  regarded  as  the  most 
solemn  and  responsililo  position  to  which  a  mortal 
can  he  called,  that  of  a  minister  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ.  The  Rev.  Samuel  Lunt  Caldwell,  who  for 
twelve  years  had  been  the  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Bangor,  Me.,  was  invited  to  be- 
come the  pastor  of  the  church.  He  commenced  his 
ministry  in  Providence  June  13,  1858,  and  ended  it 
Sept.  7,  1873.  His  pastorate  covered  a  period  of 
more  than  fifteen  years,  and  was  closed  that  ho 
might  accept  the  professorship  of  Church  History 
in  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  The  suc- 
cessor of  Dr.  Caldwell  was  the  present  pastor,  the 
Kev.  Edward  Glenn  Taylor,  D.D.,  who  commenced 
his  labors  April  18,  1875. 

The  above  sketch  presents  but  a  meagre  outline 
of  the  history  of  what  in  some  respects  may  be  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  most  prominent  Baptist 
churches  in  the  country.  As  one  proof  of  the  in- 
fluence for  good  which  has  gone  forth  from  it,  it  is 
stated  that  since  1775  sixty  ministers  of  the  gospel 
have  been  connected  with  it,  besides  its  pastors, 
in  addition  to  fifty  persons  who  have  received  li- 
cense of  the  church  to  preach,  all  of  whom  have 
entered  the  ministry.  Nearly  all  of  these  persons 
have  been  connected  with  the  college  as  officers  or 
students. 

For  more  than  one  hundred  years  the  First 
church  of  Providence  has  enjoyed  an  unusual 
amount  of  peace.  In  1774  there  was  a  signal  illus- 
tration of  this  union.  The  church  wished  to  erect 
the  noble  edifice  to  which  allusion  has  already  been 
made,  a  bouse  81)  feet  square,  with  a  spire  196  feet 
high,  a  magnificent  structure  for  the  4321  persons 
who  then  dwelt  in  Providence.  In  such  a  great 
enterprise  every  one  commonly  has  advice  to  give, 
and  opinions  to  be  respected  ;  John  Brown,  how- 
ever, the  brother  of  the  celebrated  Nicholas,  was 
appointed  "  a  committee  of  one''  to  build  one  of  the 
most  spacious  and  beautiful  temples  for  the  wor- 
ship of  God  in  America.  Unity  of  purpose  and 
feeling  have  characterized  this  community  in  an 
extraordinary  measure  for  many  years. 

Patriotism  has  had  its  warmest  friends  in  the 
First  church.  John  Brown,  the  "committee  of 
one,"  was  a  fair  representative  of  the  people  for 
whom  he  built  a  house  of  worship.  He  owned 
twenty  vessels  at  the  commencement  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  every  one  of  which  was  likely  to 
be  captured  or  destroyed  by  the  British  fleet,  if  he 
opposed  the  measures  of  the  mother-country,  and  he 
uttered  his  Declaration  of  Independence  four  years 
before  the  document  of  Jefferson  was  issued.  He 
destroyed  the  British  armed  schooner  "  Gaspee"  in 


June,  1772,  which  was  sent  from  Boston  to  enforce 
obnoxious  revenue  laws  in  Narragansett  Bay : 
Lieut.  Duddingston  was  wounded  in  the  encounter 
which  resulted  in  the  blowing  up  of  his  vessel ;  and 
his  blood  was  really  the  first  shed  in  the  war  of 
independence. 

This  church  never  l)egan  to  prosper  thoi-oughly 
until  it  gave  a  stated  income  to  its  pastors.  Nicholas 
Brown,  whose  gifts  to  Brown  University  amounted 
to  nearly  $160,000,  belonged  to  the  congregation 
of  this  church  ;  and  his  munificent  donations  to 
advance  higher  education  have  raised  up  for  it 
liberal  friends  in  all  denominations.  Many  of  the 
first  men  in  Rhode  Island  have  descended  from  the 
pastors  and  members  of  the  First  church. 

In  the  words  of  the  historical  sketch  to  which 
reference  has  been  made,  "  For  three-quarters  of 
a  century  this  church  stood  alone,  or  the  same  as 
alone,  the  only  church  of  its  own  persuasion,  or 
perhaps  of  any  persuasion,  within  the  large  terri- 
tory then  included  in  the  town  of  Providence.  It 
has  held  its  place  and  held  on  its  way  while  a  popu- 
lous city  has  grown  around  it,  and  churches  of 
many  names  have  multiplied  on  every  side.  It  has 
twelve  sisters  of  the  same  polity  and  faith,  all  of 
them  organized  since  the  beginning  of  the  pres- 
ent century  ;  the  thirteen  having  3377  members. 
Eighty-eight  churches,  of  at  least  thirteen  diflerent 
denominations,  the  major  part  of  which  have  arisen 
since  that  time,  now  occupy  the  ground  where  once 
and  for  two  generations  it  stood  alone.  It  was 
cither  the  first  in  this  country,  or  it  stood  side  by 
side  with  Newport  in  the  van  of  a  numerous  suc- 
cession of  similar  churches,  amounting  in  1880  to 
26,060.  with  2,296,327  members." 

Pruett,  Rev.  William  Harrison,  is  one  of  the 
pioneer  Baptist  preachers  in  Eastern  Oregon  and 
Washington  Territory,  where  since  his  ordination, 
in  1871,  he  has  traveled  extensively,  preached  the 
gospel  in  new  settlements,  organized  many  new 
churches  and  baptized  many  cimverts ;  labored  as 
pastor  or  missionary  at  Weston,  Mount  Pleasant, 
Pilot  Rock,  Walla  Walla,  Dayton,  Pendleton,  Butte 
Creek,  Meadowville,  Mountain  Valley,  Heppner, 
and  other  places ;  built  several  church  edifices ; 
and  has  been  one  of  the  most  influential  and  suc- 
cessful laborers  in  all  that  new  and  needy  field.  He 
is  still  in  the  vigor  of  manhood.  He  has  a  good  edu- 
cation, having  studied  at  Jefferson  Academy  and 
McMinnville  College,  Oregon.  At  the  age  of  three 
years  he  removed  from  Ray  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  was 
born,  to  Oregon,  in  1847.  In  1861  he  professed 
Christianity,  and  was  baptized  ;  but  in  1862,  be- 
lieving he  had  been  deceived,  he  was  again  bap- 
tized, on  the  confession  of  what  he  was  sure  was 
the  work  cif  the  Holy  S|>irit  in  his  salvation. 
I  Pryor,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova 
I  Scotia,  and  jiursued  his  studies  at  King's  College, 


PUBLICATION 


948 


PUBLICATION 


Christ  Clmrcli  Collej;e,  Oxford,  and  at  the  Newton 
Theolo;;ical  Institution.  He  was  ordained  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  in  1830.  For  some  time  lie  was  prin- 
cipal of  the  Ilorton  Academy,  Wolfville,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  subsequently  professor  and  president 
of  Acadia  College.  He  was  associate  pastor  at 
Horton,  then  pastor  of  the  old  Camliridge  church, 
the  church  in  IIalifa.x,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the 
churches  in  Randolph  and  Lexington,  Mass.,  in 
which  latter  |dace  he  now  resides. 

Publication  Society,  The  American  Baptist. 

— On  the  25th  of  February,  1S24,  a  company  of 
twenty-five  Baptists  met  at  the  house  of  Mr.  George 
Wood,  in  Washington  City,  D.  C,  to  consider  the 
propriety  of  the  formation  of  a  Bajifist  General  Tract 
Society.  The  call  which  brought  them  together 
was  the  result  of  a  letter  sent  by  the  Rev.  Noah 
Davis,  of  Maryland,  to  his  classmate,  the  Rev. 
James  D.  Knowles,  then  living  in  Washington 
City.  Mr.  Davis  had  been  deeply  impressed  with 
the  desirableness  of  such  a  tract  society,  and  of 
its  importance  for  the  promotion  of  the  welfare  of 
the  Baptists  in  this  country,  and  for  the  prosecu- 
tion of  their  special  Christian  work.  Hence  his 
letter  to  Mr.  Knowles,  the  call  for  the  meeting  at 
Mr.  Wood's,  and  the  organization  of  the  society. 
It  began  its  work  at  once,  though  in  a  modest  way. 
The  receipts  of  the  society  for  the  lirst  year  of  its 
existence  amounted  to  S373.80,  and  it  issued  096,000 
pages  of  tracts. 

In  the  year  1826  the  society  was  transferred  to 
Philadelphia,  because  that  city  offered  greater  ad- 
vantages for  publishing  and  distributing  its  tracts 
throughout  the  country.  Itsgrowth  from  this  date 
was  slow  but  steady.  It  at  length  began  to  issue 
bound  volumes;  then  to  care  especially  for  Sunday- 
schools,  and  to  prepare  books  and  other  publica- 
tions to  meet  their  needs.  In  1840  it  was  led  to 
employ  colporteurs  for  the  circulation  of  its  publi- 
cations, and  for  the  performance  of  necessary  pio- 
neer Christian  work.  At  length,  in  1845,  the  name 
of  the.  society  was  changed,  and  it  became  The 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  whoseobject, 
according  to  its  constitution,  is  ''  To  promote  evan- 
gelical religioi\  liy  means  of  the  Bible,  the  printing- 
press,  colportage,  and  the  Sunday-school." 

The  total  number  of  publications  on  the  catalogue 
of  the  society  on  April  1,  1881,  was  1326.  This 
was  after  a  thorough  examination  of  the  list  and 
the  dropping  of  a  number  that  were  once  issued. 
These  publications  include  books,  tracts,  and  peri- 
odicals. A  few  figures  will  exhibit  the  increase 
of  its  issues  from  its  origin,  and  show  the  magni- 
tude of  this  part  of  its  work.  The  issues  are  all 
reduced  to  18mo  pages. 


In  1R24,  total  issues 

Fi'um  1824-1S40,  average  annual  issues.. 
"      18tO-18.'i7,        "  "  " 

"       1S57-180O,        "  "  "      .. 


cnc.nno 

7,84(1,108 
22,110,045 
61,856,066 


From  1860-1870,  average  annual  issues 1 98,3a2,.')95 

"       1870-1880, :i81,82'J,429 

"       1S21-1H80, !l4,mO,010 

"       1824-1880,  total   issues .^),;ill,:i20,610 

In  regard  to  the  character  of  the  publications 
of  the  society,  George  W .  Anderson,  D.I).,  in  his 
little  work,  '•  The  Baptists  in  the  United  States," 
says,  "  If  the  excellence  of  a  denominational  liter- 
ature is  to  be  determined  by  the  strong  common 
sense  which  pervades  it,  its  reverence  for  the  sacred 
Scriptures,  and  habitual  and  thorough  deference 
to  its  teachings,  by  its  complete  and  scholar-like 
examination  of  the  Word  of  God,  and  by  its  calm, 
candid,  and  courteous  tone,  then  the  works  issued 
from  the  press  of  this  society  will  bear  conipari.son 
with  those  of  any  denomination  in  the  world." 

The  progress  of  the  society  will  further  appear 
from  a  glance  at  the  receipts  into  its  treasury  at 
different  periods  of  its  history.  These  receipts  in- 
clude both  those  in  its  business  department  and 
the  funds  specially  contributed  for  its  missionary 
work.  The  former  is  self-sustaining;  hence  all 
the  funds  contributed  to  the  latter  are  used  exclu- 
sively for  that  oliject. 


In  1824,  lotiil  reroiiita., 

"  18:!0,  ■' 

"  1S40,  " 

"  1850,  "          " 

"  1860,  " 

"  1870,  " 

"  1S80.  "           " 


$37.1.80 

.■i,(l94.09 

12,16.1.77 

41WU.71 

S4,7S:t.9l 

:i.l2,149.59 

1149,664.46 


The  increasing  work  of  the  society  demanded 
from  time  to  time  larger  accommodations.  At 
length,  in  1876,  the  present  building  at  1420  Chest- 
nut Street  was  completed,  at  a  cost  of  §258,000, 
the  whole  of  which  was  provided  for  by  the  liber- 
ality of  its  friends  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
its  former  building.  The  last  §100,000  of  the  cost 
was  given  Ijy  AVm.  Bucknell,  Esr|.,  and  members 
of  his  family,  and  by  the  various  members  of  the 
family  of  the  late  J.  P.  Crozer,  Ksq.  It;  is  thought 
that  the  accommodations  furnished  in  this  edifice 
will  be  sufficient  for  many  long  years  to  come. 

During  the  fifty-six  ye.ars  of  its  existence,  the 
society  has  fulfilled  the  expectation  of  its  founders, 
and  has  proved  an  cflicicnt  means  of  promoting  the 
unity  of  the  Baptists  of  the  United  States  in  feel- 
ing, in  doctrinal  views,  in  Scriptural  practices,  and 
in  the  promotion  of  missionary  work  at  home  and 
abroad.  Its  publications  have  gone  tliroughout  the 
land  into  every  State  and  Territory,  as  also  h.ave 
its  colporteurs  and  Sunday-school  missionaries. 
Its  power  for  good  has  been  steadily  developed, 
and  everything  indicates  that  under  the  blessing 
of  God  it  will  continue  to  enlarge  its  work  as  the 
demands  of  the  wide  field  in  which  it  is  called  to 
labor  become  more  numerous  and  pressing. 

MISSIONARY   WORK 
OF    THE    .UIERICAN    BAPTIST    PUBI.ICATIOy    SOCIETr. 

This  department  of  the  society  h.as  been  devel- 
oped to  meet  the  wants  which   from  time  to  time 


PUBLICATION 


949 


rUUEFOV 


claimed  reco;;nition.  At  first  the  j;ratuitoua  dis- 
tribution of  tracts,  and,  subsequently,  of  books,  was 
undertaken  ;  then  the  missionary  colporteur  ai;ency 
was  originated.  At  lenj;th  the  demands  for  sys- 
tematic efibrts  to  increase  the  number  of  Sunday- 
schools,  and  to  promote  their  efficiency,  led  to  the 
employment  of  Sunday-school  missionaries.  The 
work,  as  now  carried  on,  consists  in  three  thinjjs : 

1.  In  iireachinf:  the  gospel  frimi  himsc  Id  house 
by  a  band  of  missionary  colporteurs,  who  unite 
with  personal  efforts  to  convert  the  inmates,  the 
circulation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  dissem- 
ination of  a  gospel  literature. 

li.  In  sustaining  Sunday-school  missionaries  to 
form  new  schools,  to  strengthen  and  improve  old 
ones,  and  to  organize  the  forces  of  the  different 
States  fur  efficient  Sunday-school  work. 

3.  In  making  grants  of  small  libraries  to  poor 
ministers  and  Sunday-schools,  and  of  tracts  to  pas- 
tors and  to  missionaries  of  other  societies  and  Con- 
ventions. 

Colporteur  missionaries  were  first  employed  by 
the  society  in  1840,  about  one  year  before  any 
other  society  in  this  country  entered  on  a  similar 
work.  During  the  forty  years  that  have  since 
elapsed  it  has  employed  nearly  1500  such  laborers, 
in  tlie  various  fields  in  this  country,  as  well  as  in 
Canada,  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Italy.  In  1880 
there  were  34  employed  in  as  many  States  and 
Territories  of  our  country. 

The  work  in  Sweden  was  commenced  in  1855, 
when  the  Rev.  Andreas  AVibcrg  was  sent  to  that 
country  to  originate  and  direct  a  system  of  mis- 
sionary colportage.  His  efforts  were  very  success- 
ful, and  when,  in  1S66,  the  work  was  transferred 
to  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  there 
were  in  Sweden  176  Baptist  churches  and  an  ag- 
gregate of  6G06  members,  and  the  work  had  ex- 
tended into  Norway  and  other  adjacent  countries. 
This  was  all  the  development  of  the  work  under- 
taken liy  the  society  in  1855,  when  there  were 
only  forty  Baptists  in  the  kingdom.  At  the  present 
time  there  are  nearly  300  Baptist  churches,  with 
al)Out  20,000  members,  though  they  are  sending 
lumih-eds  of  their  young  and  enterprising  members 
to  tills  country  every  year. 

The  Sunday-school  missionary  work  was  first  in- 
augurated in  1867.  In  1880  there  were  under  ap- 
pointment 21  such  missionaries,  laboring  in  as 
many  of  our  States  and  Territories,  all  of  them, 
with  one  exception,  in  the  South  or  the  West. 

The  society's  donations  of  tracts  and  hooks  have 
been  steadily  increasing  in  numlier  from  the  earl- 
iest years  of  its  history,  and  this  work  might  with 
great  benefit  be  still  vastly  enlarged  were  the 
necessary  means  at  its  disposal. 

The  extent  and  results  of  the  work  may  ho  par- 
tially understood  on  an  examination  of  the  following 


table,  which  shows  the  statistics  from  the  beginning 
until  1880: 


262,342 
,908,402 
171,9i<7 

i,9:i7.44.i 

620,417 

5-i,liMi 

6G4,'iS(l 

U,44li 

499 

:j,9.i5 

4,(i74 

7,9Jl 

1,71U 


Dnvs  or  aervice 

Mii.»  trav..k-d 

Ifuiiks  c<old ■ ' 

Bouka  Kiven  away 

Pii^ea  iif  tracts  distriUiitefl 6, 

Surinulia  and  addri^s^ea  delivered 

I'rayer-nivetiriKs  held 

Fnliiilica  viaited 

IVreoiia  liupti^ed 

('hurrlK'a  constituted 

Suudiiy-acliools  urganized 

Ctmventiune  and  iiistiintes  held  or  addressed 

Siunlay-scliouls  aided  Ly  diiinitiuns 

i'ustura  and  niiniatenal  students  fiirni.'-lied  with  grauts 
uf  buoks  fur  their  libraries 

It  is  proper  to  remark  that  all  the  contributions 
to  the  society  are  used  exclusively  for  its  mission- 
ary work,  unless  specially  directed  by  the  donors 
to  some  other  end. 

PERIODICALS. 

In  common  with  religious  publication  societies 
in  this  country  and  abroad,  the  society  at  an  early 
period  in  its  histor_v  recognized  the  periodical  press 
as  a  powerful  agency  for  the  promotion  of  Chris- 
tian work.  Soon  after  its  organization  it  began 
the  monthly  issue  of  The  'Tract  Magazine,  which, 
during  its  short  life,  was  a  means  of  extending  the 
circulation  of  tracts.  This  was  followed  by  The 
Mdiithli/  Paper,  afterwanls  the  Baptist  Jiecord, 
which  was  first  published  in  1836,  and  was  sus- 
peniled  in  1855. 

Since  that  date  the  periodical  department  has 
been  gradually  becoming  more  comprehensive  in 
its  issues,  while  their  circulation  has  largely  in- 
creased, as  the  following  figures  will  show.  They 
indicate  the  total  number  of  copies  of  each  period- 
ical issued,  from  the  time  of  its  establishment  until 
April  1,  1881  : 

Young  Ri-aper,  monthly  and  semi-monthly,  18rj7-18Sl.  56.44.5.930 

National  Baptist,  weekly,  1866-1881 .' o,307,4Sl 

Baptist  tinaiterly,  1807-1878 69,383 

Baptist  Teacher,  monthly,  1869-1881 4,189,400 

Baptist  Lesson  Monthly,  1869-1881 47,263,500 

Baptist  I'rimarv  Lesson  Monthly,  1874-1881 17,791,200 

Bible  Leston  Quarterly,  1879-1881 l,206,.'i(10 

Intermediate  Lisson  Quarterly,  1881 235,0<X) 

Our  Little  Ones  niontblv,  1873-1881 15,968,000 

Our  Young  IVuple,  niontbly,  1S81 216,U0O 

Total  number  of  copies  issued 148,670,394 

Purefoy,  Geo.  W.,  D.D.— The  Rev.  John  Pure- 

foy,  a  wise  and  good  man,  gave  three  sons  to  the 
15a)itist  ministry  of  North  Carolina, — Geo.  W., 
.lames  S..  and  N.  A.  Purefoy.  (ieorge  was  the 
oldest  of  them,  and  was  born  in  1809:  was  bap- 
tized in  1830,  and  began  to  preach  at  once.  In 
early  life  he  preached  much,  but  for  many  years 
before  his  death  his  hcivlth  did  not  allow  him  to 
preach  often.  He  was  the  author  of  the  "  History 
of  the  Sandy  Creek  Association,"  and  of  several 
works  on  the  baptismal  controversy.  lie  died  in 
1880.  The  State  University  at  Chapel  Hill  gave 
him  the  title  of  D.I».  in  1870. 

Purefoy,  Rev.  James  S.,  the  third  son  of  Rev. 
John  Purefoy,  was  born  in  1813,  baptized  in  1830, 


PUREFOY 


950 


PUR  YEAR 


began  to  preach  in  1835,  and  was  ordained  in  1840, 
Dr.  Samuel  Wait  and  Kev.  P.  W.  Dowd  constituting 
the  Presbytery.  Most  of  tlie  pastoral  lalior  of  Mr. 
Purcfoy  has  been  performed  in  Wake  and  Gran- 
ville Counties.  No  man,  living  or  dead,  has  done 
80  much  for  AVake  Forest  College  as  this  unpre- 
tending brother.  When  plowing  in  the  field,  be- 
fore he  was  twenty-one,  he  gave  .?25  to  this  insti- 
tution, and  through  all  its  checkered  history  he 
has  been  its  unfaltering  friend.  For  many  years 
he  was  its  treasurer,  without  salary.  lie  secured 
for  it,  since  the  war,  a  contribution  of  $10,000  from 
the  Baptists  of  the  North,  and  to  him,  more  than 
to  any  other,  is  due  the  credit  of  rescuing  the  col- 
lege from  loss  when  it  was  heavily  involved  in 
1848-4'J,  and  by  his  energy  and  liberality  the 
handsome  AVingate  Memorial  Hall  was  erected  in 
1879-80.  Early  in  life  Mr.  Purefoy  married  Mary, 
the  daughter  of  Deacon  Foster  Fort,  and  a  kindred 
spirit,  ready  for  every  good  work,  she  proved  ti)  be. 
Many  poor  young  men,  and  especially  many  young 
ministers  struggling  to  obtain  an  educatioti,  have 
found  in  this  man  and  his  wife  friends  ready  and 
willing  to  help  them,  and  it  gives  the  writer  of  this 
sketch  peculiar  pleasure  to  leave  on  record  the  fact 
that  by  money  voluntarily  loaned  by  Mr.  Purefoy 
he  was  enabled  to  complete  his  course  in  college. 
Mr.  Purefoy  is  still  a  vigorous  man,  and  seems  to 
reckon  it  the  highest  glory  of  his  life  to  labor  and 
sacrifice  for  Wake  Forest  College. 

Purefoy,  Rev.  N.  A.,  was  born  in  Wake  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1811  ;  attended  Wake  Forest  College,  but 
took  his  degree  of  A.B.  from  Columbian  College. 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  served  the  Fayetteville 
church  and  the  church  in  Warrenton  each  for 
several  years,  but  most  of  his  pastoral  life  has 
been  spent  in  preaching  to  country  churches. 
Quiet  and  unobtrusive,  this  good  man  has  long 
been  regarded  by  his  brethren  as  a  fine  illustra- 
tion of  almost  every  Christian  virtue. 

Furinton,  Jesse  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cole- 
raine,  3Iass.,  Aug.  12,  1S09  ;  baptized  in  Truxton 
when  eleven  years  of  age  ;  educated  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  and  ordained  in  1834;  was  pastor  in  Cole- 
raine,  and  in  Arcade,  N.  Y.,  in  Forestville  and 
Mount  Moriah,  Pa.,  and  in  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 
He  was  for  several  j'ears  a  missionary  in  North- 
west Virginia.  lie  aided  in  many  revivals,  and 
was  instrumental  in  leading  large  numbers  to 
Jesus.  In  1860  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
was  conferred  upon  him.  He  died  at  Morgantown, 
June  17,  1869.  Dr.  Purinton  was  an  able  minister 
and  a  devoted  follower  of  the  Saviour. 

Putnam,  Daniel,  professor  in  the  Normal  School 
at  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  was  born  in  Lyndeborough, 
N.H.,  Jan.8,  1S24.  Having  fitted  for  college  at  New 
Hampton,  he  entered  Dartmouth  College,  and  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  1851.     During  the  next  two 


years  he  taught  in  the  New  Hampton  Academy,  as 
he  had  done  a  part  of  his  Senior  year.  lie  remained 
with  it  a  short  time  after  its  removal  to  Fairfax, 
Vt.,  but  came  to  Michigan  in  18,54,  as  professor  in 
Kalamazoo  College.  He  resided  in  Kalamazoo  till 
1868,  but  did  not  hold  his  professorship  the  whole 
interval.  For  seven  years  he  was  superintendent 
of  public  schools,  for  eighteen  months  county  su- 
perintendent, and  for  one  year  served  as  president 
of  the  college  ad  inlerim.  In  1868  he  became  pro- 
fessor in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Ypsilanti,  and 
still  holds  that  position.  He  is  a  preacher,  but  was 
never  ordained.  He  has  been  chaplain  of  the  State 
Insane  Asylum  at  Kalamazoo  the  last  eighteen 
years,  and  h.as  often  preached  in  other  pulpits.  He 
has  rendered  abundant  service  to  the  Baptist  State 
Convention  on  its  different  boards,  and  is  at  present 
a  valuable  member  of  the  Board  of  State  Missions. 
Mrs.  Putnam  is  a  daughter  of  the  late  Kev.  E.  B. 
Smith,  D.D.,  of  Fairfax,  Vt. 

Puryear,  Bennet,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Chem- 
istry in  Richmond  College,  Richmond,  Va.,  was  born 
in  Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.,  July  23,  1826.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Randolph  Macon  College,  in  June,  1847, 
with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  After  leaving 
college  he  taught  school  one  year  in  Moni-oe  Co., 
Ala.  ;  then  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  during 
the  session  of  1849-50  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Virginia.  In  July,  1850,  he  was 
appointed  tutor  in  Richmond  College,  and  in  the 
year  following  was  elected  Professor  of  Natural 
Science  in  that  institution.  In  1859  lie  resigned 
his  professorship  in  Richmond  College  to  accept 
the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  Philosopliy  in 
Randolph  Macon  College,  where  he  renmincd  until 
1866,  at  which  time  he  was  recalled  to  his  former 
position  in  Richmond.  In  1868,  when  the  college 
was  reorganized  and  the  office  of  president  abol- 
ished, he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  faculty, 
which  position  he  has  continued  to  hold  until  the 
present  time,  being  annually  chosen  thereto  by 
his  colleagues.  In  1873  the  school  of  natural 
science  was  divided  into  physics  and  chemistry, 
and  the  school  of  chemistry  was  assigned  to  him. 
At  college.  Prof.  Puryear  was  distinguished  for  his 
attainments  in  the  classics  as  well  as  in  natural 
science,  and  when  circumstances  have  required  him 
to  take  charge  of  a  class  in  Greek,  or  Latin,  or 
mathematics,  he  has  done  so  with  distinguished 
success.  His  acquaintance  with  the  subjects  of  his 
own  school  is  broad  and  thorough.  As  a  lecturer, 
his  style  is  clear  and  pointed,  and  often  enlivened 
by  sallies  of  genial  humor.  The  matter  of  his 
lectures  is  so  admirably  arranged  that  they  are 
felt  to  be  a  growth,  and  not  a  mere  aggregation  of 
facts.  In  tlie  experiments  of  the  laboratory  he  is 
unusually  successful.  Prof.  Puryear  has  not  given 
much  attention  to  popular  lectures  or  addresses, 


PUKYEAR 


951 


PUR  YEAR 


but  whenever  he  has  spoken  in  puWio  he  has  been 
heard  with  pleasure.  Besides  occasional  contribu- 
tions to  various  periodicals,  he  published,  in  1866- 


BENNET    PLRVEAR,   I.L.D. 

67,  in  the  Farmer,  a  series  of  articles  on  '■  The  The- 
ory of  Vegetable  Growth"  ;  in  1875,  in  The  Planter 
and  Farmer,  papers  on  "  Tlie  Pulilio  School  in  its 
Relation  to  the  Negro,"  since  printed  in  pamphlet 
form  ;  in  the  same  year,  in  the  Relii/iou.'i  Herald,  a 
series  of  articles  on  the  '"Public  School"  ;  and  in 
1878,  also  in  the  Religious  Herald,  papers  on  the 
"Virginia  State  Debt,"  and  also  on  "The  Atmos- 
phere." With  the  exception  of  the  first  series, 
these  papers  were  all  published  under  the  signature 


of  '•  Civis."  These  articles  evinced  ability  and 
fullness  of  information,  but  those  relating  to  the 
public  school  are  specially  noticeable.  No  news- 
paper articles  on  questions  of  public  State  policy 
ever  awakened  in  Virginia  a  more  general  interest, 
or  produced  a  profounder  impression.  Questions 
which  seemed  to  be  settled,  and  whose  discussion 
was  unthought  of,  were  brought  again  into  the  field 
of  contruvei-sy  ;  and  the  public  school  system,  es- 
tablished by  constitutional  enactment,  fostered  by 
thol^irit  of  the  times,  and  appealing  to  the  inter- 
ests (if  the  masses  of  the  people,  was  shaken  to  its 
foundation.  The  articles  were  everywhere  talked 
of,  and  called  forth  able  replies.  It  was  the  opinion 
of  many  that  no  papers  so  fundn mental  in  scope, 
so  vigorous  in  statement,  so  brilliant  in  rhetoric, 
and  so  instinct  with  passion  had  appeared  in  Vir- 
ginia for  a  long  time.  Although  these  articles  dis- 
cussed questions  which  were  largely  local,  they 
exerted  much  more  than  a  local  interest.  In  a  few 
weeks  the  hitherto  but  slightly  known  jirofessor 
became  one  of  the  most  widely  known  men  of  the 
whole  South  ;  and  in  acknowledgment  of  the  learn- 
ing and  ability  shown  in  the  "Civis"  articles, 
Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and  Howard  College, 
Ala.,  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  (June,  1878).  Dr.  Purycar  is  president  of 
the  Tuckahoe  Club,  an  association  of  farmers  in 
the  vicinity  of  Richmond  College,  and  his  eminent 
success  in  cultivating  a  small  farm  is  a  practical 
illustration  of  the  value  of  science  in  agriculture. 
Notwithstanding  Dr.  Puryear's  opposition  to  pub- 
lic schools,  he  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  education, 
and  has  contributed  much  to  the  jirosperity  of 
Richmond  College.  He  is  among  the  most  hon- 
ored and  influential  citizens  of  Richmond,  a  man 
of  sound  judgment,  genial  disposition,  and  inflex- 
ible integrity.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Grace  Street  Baptist  church  in  Richmond. 


QUARLES 


952 


QUINCY 


Q 


Qaarles,  Rev.  Frank  (colored),  is  a  Baptist 
minister  of  great  worth,  now  about  sixty  years 
old.  He  was  Ijorn  in  Caroline  Co.,  Va.,  and  came 
to  Geori^ia  in  1S50.  He  was  a  faithful  slave  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  but  his  character  and  abilities 
may  be  estimated  when  it  is  stated  that  he  was 
licensed  and  ordained  by  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Atlanta  in  18(53,  previous  to  emancipation,  the 
Presbytery  being  composed  of  Rev.  H.  0.  Hornady 
and  Rev.  William  T.  Brantly,  D.I).  Since  1S63 
he  has  lived  in  Atlanta,  and  has  served  the  Friend- 
ship Baptist  church  as  pastor  since  1860.  For 
twelve  years  in  succession  he  has  been  moderator 
of  the  Ebcnezer  (colored)  Association,  and  since 
the  organization  of  the  (colored)  Missionary  Bap- 
tist Convention  at  Augusta,  Ga..  in  1S6.S,  he  has 
been  its  president.  He  exerts  a  wide  and  health- 
ful influence  in  the  State,  and  uses  it  freely  for  re- 
ligious and  educational  purposes.  He  married  in 
Virginia,  and  lived  with  his  wife  thirty-eight  years, 
raising  two  children,— a  son  and  a  daughter.  He 
is  a  man  of  ability  and  piety,  and  as  a  man  and 
preacher  is  biglily  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 

Qoincy,  Hon.  Josiah,  was  born  in  Lenox,  -Mass., 
March  7,  17'J3.  His  father,  Samuel  Quincy,  was  a 
lawyer  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  where  he  acquired  a 
large  property  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
Ho  indorsed  heavily  the  paper  of  several  mercan- 
tile firms  in  Boston,  and  the  commercial  disasters 
of  1777-78  swept  away  nearly  every  vestige  of  his 
estate.  He  then  retired  to  a  little  cottage  among 
the  Berkshire  hills,  where  he  soon  died  of  a  broken 
heart.  His  son  Samuel,  the  brother  of  Josiah,  witli 
a  dollar  and  a  half  in  his  pocket,  but  rich  in  spirit, 
left  on  foot  for  Boston  to  seek  his  fortune.  He  be- 
came in  due  time  a  flourishing  shipmaster  and 
owner  of  vessels,  and  filled  many  offices  of  trust 
and  responsibility  in  that  city.  Josiah,  from  a 
lameness  caused  by  sickness  in  infancy,  was  un- 
able to  perform  much  manual  labor.  He  accord- 
ingly turned  his  attention  to  stud}'  as  a  necessity 
for  his  future  support.  Under  many  discouraging 
circumstances  he  prepared  himself  at  the  Lenox 
Academy  to  enter  as  a  Sophomore  in  college.  Cir- 
cumstances prevented  him  from  carrying  out  his 
plan  to  take  a  full  collegiate  course,  and  on  leaving 
his  academic  studies  he  entered  upon  the  study  of 
law  with  Samuel  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Stockbridge,  Mass. 
He  taught  school  during  the  day,  and  his  law  studies 
were  necessarily  carried  on  at  night.     It  was  by 


these  fierce  battles  with  indigence  that  the  latent 
powers  of  lii«  nature  were  largely  developed,  that 
his  invincible  determination  for  ultimate  success 
was  strengthened,  and  that,  by  heroic  effort,  he 
laid  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of  his  future 
eminence. 

On  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  Mr.  Quincy  prac- 
tised his  profession  a  few  months  at  Stockbridge, 
and  removed  from  that  place  to  Sheffield,  where  he 
remained  a  short  time,  and  then  went  to  Rumney, 
N.  H.,  ever  afterwards  his  home.  Soon  after 
settling    in    Rumney    he   was    married    to    May 


HON'.  JOSIAH    QUl.Nf  V. 

Grace,  daughter  of  -Jabez  Weed,  of  Plymouth. 
Rumney  is  a  small  town  among  the  hills  of  New 
Ham|isliire.  but  the  young  lawyer,  by  industry  and 
perseverance,  soon  gained  a  high  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession, his  practice  extending  for  a  long  distance 
I  in  all  directions.  Not  many  years  elapsed  before 
'  he  was  known  as  one  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers 
of  the  State,  and  when  he  retired  from  practice  in 
1864,  his  professional  business  was  said  to  have 
been  as  large  as  that  of  any  legal  gentleman  in 
New  Hampshire.  For  years  he  was  president  of 
the  Grafton  County  bar.    He  had  under  his  tuition 


QumcY 


95S 


QVINCY 


many  law  students,  ami  anionj;  them  the  eminent 
.Judj;e  Clifford,  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 
Mr.  Quiiicy  was  a  prominent  politician,  and  filled 
many  public  offices.  He  was  several  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of  representa- 
tives, and  was  twice  elected  to  the  State  senate,  the 
latter  year  tillinj£  the  office  of  president  of  that 
bod}'.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  first  board  of 
trustees  of  the  State  A.syluin  for  the  Insane.  In 
financial  matters  he  was  favorably  known,  and  for 
years  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Pemigewassett 
Bank,  in  Plymouth.  N.  11.  lie  was  one  of  the 
most  active  of  that  perseverinj;  bund  of  men  wlio 
originated  and  carried  forward  the  building  of  the 
Boston,  Concord  and  Montreal  Railroad,  and  for 
fourteen  years  was  the  president  of  its  board  of 
directors.  The  herculean  labors  he  performed  in 
the  progress  of  this  enterpri.se,  and  the  intense 
anxieties  he  endured  in  its  behalf,  had  much  -to  do 
with  the  completion  of  the  work  upon  which  he 
and  the  gentlemen  associated  with  him  had  em- 
barked, and  with  its  final,  successful  accomplish- 
ment. 

Mr.  Quincy  was  very  active  in  educational  mat- 
ters. Remembering  his  own  early  struggles,  the 
needy  student  always  found  in  him  a  friend  and 
counselor,  and  many  will  always  remember  with 
gratitude  his  generous  gifts  in  their  extremity. 
lie  was  much  interested  in  the  schools  of  the 
county  and  the  town  in  which  he  lived.  lie  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and 
for  years  was  president  of  the  trustees  of  the 
New  Hampton  Academy.  He  took  the  deepest  in- 
terest in  the  latter,  as  for  m.any  years  it  was  the 
leading  Baptist  institution  in  the  State,  and  had 
connected  with  it  a  theological  department.  At 
one  time,  by  his  own  funds,  he  removed  from  it  a 
del)t  amounting  to  several  thousand  dollars. 

In  his  religious  belief  Mr.  (^lincy  was  thoroughly 
a  Baptist,  although   he  had,  like  all   Baptists,  a 


wide  catholicity  of  feeling  for  true  believers  of  any 
name.  He  was  converted  under  the  faithful  min- 
istry of  Rev.  Noah  Nichols,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Rumney,  and  by  him  was  baptized  in 
1831.  He  remained  a  prominent  member  of  this 
church  until  his  death,  always  ready  to  aid  it  with 
his  wi.se  counsel,  and  contributing  largely  to  its: 
support.  As  it  had  been  his  early  religious  home, 
during  his  long  and  eventful  life  he  cherished  for 
it  a  strong  and  increasing  affection.  He  loved  to 
attend  the  gathering  of  the  Associations  and  the 
State  Conventions,  and  found  these  meetings  a  re- 
freshing rest  from  the  laborious  cares  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  a  life  member  of  the  Missionary 
Union,  and  other  Baptist  organizations  formed  for 
the  advancement  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom.  In 
his  domestic  life  be  was  a  kind  and  indulgent 
parent,  and  made  home  attractive  by  an  exhibition 
of  its  sweeter  charities.  He  died  in  Rumney,  his 
residence  for  sixty  years,  Jan.  I'J.  1S75,  being 
almost  eighty-two  years  of  age.  He  passed  away 
as  he  had  lived,  in  the  full  hope  of  a  blessed  im- 
mortality. Two  sons  and  three  daughters  survive 
liim. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  traits  in  the  character 
of  Mr.  Quincy  was  his  invincible  and  unbending 
integrity.  No  temptation  could  swerve  him  a 
hair's  breadtli  from  a  stern  and  incorruptible 
honesty.  In  his  profession  he  was  keen  and  sharp, 
but  with  no  smirch  of  trickery.  He  was  an  eminent 
lawj'er,  a  faithful  public  officer,  an  upright  busine.ss 
man,  and  a  generous  and  valuable  citizen.  In  pri- 
vate life  he  was  a  most  courteous  gentleman,  highly 
beloved  by  a  very  extensive  circle  of  acquaintances. 
In  his  religious  faith  he  was  firm  and  unwavering, 
trusting  for  salvation  alone  in  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  and  at  the  close  of  his  long  and  active  life 
could  well  say,  "  I  have  finished  my  course  ;  hence- 
forth there  is  laid  up  for  me  a  crown  of  righteous- 
ness."' 


61 


UAIii'X 


y54 


RABTJK 


R. 


Rabun,  Gov.  William,  one  of  the  noblest  and 
|)urcst  of  men,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  N.  C, 
April  8,  1771.  When  he  was  about  fourteen  his 
father,  Matthew  Rabun,  renioved  to  Georgia,  and, 
after  residing  a  short  time  in  Wilkes  County,  set- 
tled in  Hancock  County.  In  the  year  1788  youno; 
AVilliam  professed  faith  in  Christ,  and  united  with 
the  church  at  Powelton,  having  been  publicly  bap- 
tized by  Silas  Mercer. 

Growing  up  to  man's  estate  he  took  a  high  posi- 
tion, both  as  a  church  member  and  a  citizen.  With- 
out solicitation  on  his  part,  he  was,  for  many  years, 
sent  to  the  Legislature  from  Hancock  County,  then 
one  of  the  most  influential  counties  in  the  State. 
Being  president  of  the  State  senate,  in  March,  1817, 
he  became  ex-nffirio  governor  of  the  State,  on  ac- 
count of  the  resignation  of  Gov.  Mitchell,  and  in 
the  following  November  he  was  elected  governor 
of  Georgia.  He  died  Oct.  24,  1819,  while  occupy- 
ing that  exalted  position. 

He  was  a  man  of  singular  piety.  Though  highly 
honored  by  his  fellow-citizens,  he  was  not  made 
vain  by  it ;  and,  though  heavily  burdened  with  the 
afliiirs  of  state,  he  never  forgot  the  claims  of  his 
Master's  cause.  Up  to  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  a  regular  attendant  upon  the  sessions  of  the 
Georgia  Association,  taking  an  active  part  in  the 
deliberations  and  workings  of  the  body.  Even 
while  governor  of  the  State,  in  the  years  1817,  1818, 
1819,  his  familiar  name  still  appears  in  the  minutes 
of  the  Association,  and  it  was  a  pleasing  and  com- 
mon sight  to  witness  the  governor  of  the  State  ful- 
filling the  duties  of  chorister  and  clerk  in  the  Pow- 
elton church.  He  was  a  man  of  prayer,  and  liis 
house  was  the  house  of  prayer.  To  all  the  benev- 
olent institutions  of  the  day  he  gave  his  influence 
and  his  purse.  Wise  in  counsel,  firm  in  purpose, 
upright  in  dealing,  he  was  possessed  of  a.  piety 
transparent,  unafi'ected,  deep,  and  ardent :  all  the 
elements  of  true  greatness  were  in  liim  beautifully 
blended. 

Upim  the  death  of  Gov.  Rabun,  Rev.  Jesse  Mer- 
cer, by  request  of  the  Legislature,  preached  before 
them  a  memorial  sermon,  in  which  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing tribute  to  his  piety  and  worth  :  "  Your  late 
excellent  governor  was  the  pleasant  and  lovely 
companion  of  my  youth  ;  my  constant  friend  and 
endeared  Christian  brother  in  advancing  years ; 
and  until  death  my  unremitting  fellow-laborer 
and  able  supporter  in  all  the  eS'orts  of  benevolence 


and  philanthropy  in  wliich  1  had  the  honor  and 
happiness  to  be  engaged,  calculated  either  to  amend 
or  ameliorate  the  condition  of  men." 

During  the  Seminole  war,  in  1818,  Gov.  Rabun 
called  out  the  militia,  and  placed  them  under  the 
command  of  Gen.  Gaines.  Tboy  were  ordered, 
under  command  of  Maj.  Wright,  of  the  U.  S.  army, 
to  discover  the  course  of  the  Indians  who  had  been 
committing  depredations.  Capt,  Obed  Wright,  of 
the  Chatham  militia,  had  positive  orders  from  Gov. 
Rabun  to  destroy  Hoponee  and  I'hilcmi  t(jwns,  for 
committing  atrocities  on  the  frontier.  Hy  mistake 
Chehaw  town  was  taken,  partly  burned,  and  some 
Indians  killed.  An  angry  correspondence  ensued 
between  Gov.  Rabun  and  Gen.  Jackson  in  regard 
to  the  matter,  a  part  of  which  is  given.  Gen.  Jack- 
son wrote.  May  7,  1818,  •'  Such  base  cowardice  and 
murderous  conduct  as  this  transaction  shows  have 
no  parallel  in  history,  and  shall  meet  with  their 
merited  punishment.  You,  sir,  as  governor  of  a 
State  within  my  military  division,  have  no  right 
to  give  a  military  order  while  I  am  in  the  field; 
and  this  being  an  open  and  vinleiit  infringement 
of  the  treaty  with  the  Creek  Indians,  Capt.  Wright 
must  be  prosecuted  for  this  outrageous  murder, 
and  I  have  ordered  him  to  be  arrested  and  confined 
in  irons  until  the  pleasure  of  the  President  of  the 
United  iStates  is  known  upon  the  subject.''  In  his 
reply,  after  referring  to  the  communication  of  Gen. 
Glasscock,  upon  which  Gen.  Jackson  liased  his 
answer.  Gov.  Rabun  says,  '•  Had  you,  sir,  or  Gen. 
Glasscock,  been  in  possession  of  the  facts  that  pro- 
duced this  afi'air,  it  is  to  be  presumed,  at  least,  that 
you  would  not  have  indulged  in  a  strain  so  inde- 
corous and  unbecoming.  I  had,  on  the  21st  of 
March  last,  stated  the  situation  of  our  bleeding 
frontier  to  you,  and  requested  you,  in  respectful 
terms,  to  detail  a  part  of  your  overwhelming  force 
for  our  protection,  or  that  you  would  furnish  sup- 
plies, and  I  would  order  out  more  troops,  to  which 
you  have  never  yet  deigned  to  reply.  You  state, 
in  a  very  haughty  tone,  that  I,  a  governor  of  a 
State  under  your  military  division,  have  no  right 
to  give  a  military  order  whilst  you  are  in  the  field. 
Wretched  and  contemptible,  indeed,  must  be  our 
situation  if  this  be  the  fact.  When  the  liberties  of 
the  people  of  Georgia  shall  have  been  prostrated  at 
the  feet  of  a  military  despotism,  then,  and  not  till 
then,  will  your  imperious  doctrine  be  tamely  sub- 
mitted to.     You  may  rest  assured  that  if  the  sav- 


RAMBAUT 


955 


RANDALL 


ages  continue  their  depredations  on  our  unpro- 
tected frontier,  I  shall  think  and  aot  for  myself  in 
that  respect." 

Rambaut,  Thomas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  of  French 
descent.  He  was  burn  in  tlie  city  of  Dublin,  Ire- 
laiiil,  and  was  regularly  educated  in  the  liberal 
arts,  having  studied  in  the  celebrated  school  of 
Kev.  Henry  Lyon,  of  Portington,  and  at  Trinity 
College.  lie  came  to  Savannah,  Ga.,  on  attaining 
his  majority,  with  the  intention  of  studying  law, 
anil  was  converted  under  the  preaching  of  Rev. 
liichard  Fuller,  D.D.,  of  Baltimore,  and  baptized 
by  Rev.  W.  T.  Brantly,  D.D.,  then  in  Augusta, 
Oa.  On  the  Wednesday  following  he  preached  his 
first  discourse.  lie  has  successively  filled  the  po- 
sitions of  pastor  of  the  Blackswamp  church,  S.  C, 
Savannah  Baptist  church,  Ga.,  president  of  Chero- 
kee Baptist  College,  Professor  of  History  and  Roman 
Literature  in  Georgia  Military  Institute,  president 
of  William  Jewell  College,  Mo.,  and  pastor  of  Tab- 
ernacle Baptist  church,  Brooklyn.  He  was  called 
to  be  the  successor  of  Rev.  Henry  C.  Fish,  D.D., 
as  pastor  of  the  First  church,  Newark,  N.  J.,  in 
March,  and  entered  upon  this  charge  on  the  1st  of 
April,  1878.  lie  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Madison  University  in  ISOO,  and  of  D.D.  from  Wil- 
liam .Jewell  College  in  1S73. 

Rand,  Theodore  Harding,  A.M.,  D.C.L.,  was 
born  in  Ci>rnwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  a  graduate 


THEODORE    ll.\KDING    R.\M),  .\.M.,  D.C.L. 

of  Acadia  College ;  was  converted  and  baptized  in 
Wolfville  in  1855,  while  attending  college;  taught 
in  the  Provincial  Normal  School,  Truro,  from  1861 


to  1804;  then  he  was  chief  superintendent  of  edu- 
cation in  Nova  Scotia  until  1870,  and  rendered 
important  services  in  that  department;  traveled 
in  Kurope  and  observed  methods  and  results  of 
teaching  in  the  best  schools  there;  was  appointed, 
in  1871,  chief  superintendent  of  education  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  has  there  performed  similar  ser- 
vices to  those  rendered  in  Nova  Scotia.  Admirably 
adapted  for  educational  work.  Dr.  Rand  performs 
his  responsible  duties  with  enthusiasm  and  effi- 
ciency. 

Rand,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Manchester, 
N.  II.,  May  21,  1776,  his  father  being  a  Presbyte- 
rian minister.  He  was  hopefully  converted  when 
he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  baptized  in 
Alstead.  He  began  to  preach  at  once,  but  wish- 
ing to  secure  a  better  ]ireparation  for  his  work, 
he  entered  the  school  of  Rev.  William  Williams,  of 
Wrentham,  and  subsequently  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1803.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Ilolyoke  (then  Ireland  Parish.  West 
Springfield,  Mass.),  Oct.  0,  1803.  At  the  time  of 
his  ordination  his  church  was  the  only  Baptist 
church  in  a  circle  the  diameter  of  which  would  be 
thirty  miles,  including  Hampshire  and  Hampden 
Counties.  Here  he  performed  his_work  for  twenty- 
five  years,  during  six  months  in  the  year  liaving 
the  charge  of  a  school,  in  which  not  a  few  persons 
whose  after-lives  were  very  useful  received  their 
education.  In  October,  1828,  he  became  the  pas- 
tor of  the  church  in  New  Salem,  N.  IL,  where  he 
remained  six  years,  then  went  to  Hinsdale,  con- 
tinuing here  two  years.  For  five  years  he  was 
a  city  missionary  in  New  York  City.  His  closing 
years  were  passed  in  Ilolyoke,  among  his  former 
parishioners,  where  he  died.  May  31,  1857. 

Rand,  Rev.  Thomas,  the  son  of  a  minister  of 
the  same  name,  was  born  in  West  Springfield, 
Mass.,  July  10,  1813;  licensed  to  preach  in  1836; 
graduated  at  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
18.i8  ;  ordained  at  Bayou  Chicot.  La.,  in  1841  ;  died 
at  Lake  Charles,  La.,  July  1,  1809,  He  devoted 
his  life  to  teaching  and  preaching,  and  did  much 
to  build  up  the  Baptist  cause  in  the  Opelousas  re- 
gion.    He  was  a  ripe  scholar  and  fine  preacher, 

Randall,  David  Austin,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Colchester,  Conn.,  .Jan.  14,  1813.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  made  a  pu1)lic  profession  of  religion  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  June  30,  1838 ;  ordained  in 
Richfield,  0.,  Dec.  18,  1839,  where  he  was  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  for  five  years,  and  where  he 
edited  a  Washingtonian  paper,  and  gave  much  time 
to  the  temperance  cause.  In  1845  removed  to  Co- 
lumbus, 0.,  and  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Journal  and  Messenger.  For  several  years,  after 
severing  his  connection  with  this  paper,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  book  business.  In  1858  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Colum- 


RANDALL 


956 


RANDOLPH 


bus,  0..  and  continued  in  that  position  eight  years. 
During  this  pastorate  he  made  an  extensive  jour- 
ney througli  Oriental  countries,  the  results  of 
which  he  embodied  in  a  royal  octavo  volume  of 
720  pages,  entitled  "The  Handwriting  of  God  in 
Egypt,  Sinai,  and  the  Holy  Land."  Tliis  book  has 
had  an  extensive  sale,  and  is  said  by  competent 
critics  to  be  one  of  the  best  wiirks  on  the  East. 
Subsequently  he  made  a  minute  and  extensive  tour 
through  continental  Europe,  and  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland. 

Dr.  Kandall  was  for  six  years  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention, 
and  subsequently  its  treasurer.  In  1870  Denison 
University  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  lie  still  resides  at  Columbus,  O.,  where 
he  devotes  his  attention  to  literary  pursuits,  though 
lie  gives  much  time  to  lecturing,  preaching,  and  the 
various  educational  and  missionary  enterprises  of 
the  day. 

Eandall,  Rev.  Xelson  Birney,  was  born  in 
Springville,  N.  Y.,  June  14,  1838.  After  grad- 
uating from  Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  in 
1858,  and  from  Rochester  Theological  Seminary 
in  1809,  he  was  ordained  at  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  tlie 
following  Octoljor.  Four  years  of  his  previous  life 
had  been  spent  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Glovers- 
ville,  N.  Y.  lie  has  sustained  with  eminent  suc- 
cess the  relation  of  pastor  in  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  Vine- 
land,  N.  J.,  Providence,  K.  I.  (Jefferson  Street),  and 
Norristown,  Pa.,  where  he  now  ministers,  deeply 
intrenched  in  the  affections  of  the  church  and  con- 
gregation. No  small  service  has  been  done  in  the 
wiping  out  of  debts,  aggregating  S1G,000,  and 
in  important  improvements  inaugurated  under  his 
ministry. 

Randall,  Judge  Samuel,  was  born  in  Sharon, 
Mass.,  Keb.  In.  ITTS.  A  pupil  of  Rev.  William 
Williams,  of  Wrentliam,  Mass.,  he  fitted  for  Brown 
University,  an<l  graduated  in  the  class  of  1804. 
Hon.  Virgil  Maxcy  and  Gov.  Marcus  Morton  were 
members  of  the  same  class.  Mr.  Randall  read  law 
with  Judge  Howell,  but  before  con:pleting  his 
studies  he  removed  to  Warren,  to  take  charge  of 
an  academy  in  that  village.  Quite  a  number  of 
his  pupils  were  subsequently  students  in  college, 
and  were  an  honor  to  their  faithful  instructor. 
For  many  years  he  acted  as  a  judge  in  different 
courts  in  Rhode  Island.  For  forty-four  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Warren, 
and  took  a  deep  interest  in  its  material  and  spir- 
itual prosperity.  lie  died  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-six,  March  .5.  1864.  Judge  Randall  was  the 
father  of  Rev.  George  M.  Randall,  D.D.,  the  Epis- 
copal bishop  of  Colorado.  Prof.  Gammell  says  of 
him,  "  He  died  as  he  lived,  universally  respected 
as  an  upright  magistrate,  a  useful  citizen,  and  a 
consistent  Christian." 


Randall,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  his  native  town, — North  Stonington, 
Conn. ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  Theological  Sem- 
inary, N.  Y.,  in  IS.'JO;  settled  in  Frensburg,  Phil- 
lipsville,  and  Williamsvillc,  N.  Y. ;  in  the  late  war 
raised  a  company,  and  entered  the  service  as  a  cap- 
tain, performing  also  the  duties  of  a  chaplain  :  for 
gallant  conduct  at  Chancellorsville  he  was  raised 
to  the  rank  of  major;  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  and 
obliged  to  leave  the  field:  in  1865  resumed  his  pas- 
torate at  Williamsville  ;  while  seeking  restoration 
to  health,  died  at  Lake  Maitland,  Fla.,  May  7, 
1874,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age ;  a  pure, 
noble  spirit. 

Randall,  Rev.  William  Henry,  son  of  William 
P.  and  Marie  L.  Randall,  was  born  in  Groton, 
Conn.,  Aug.  23,  1840;  converted  in  February, 
1855,  and  baptized  March  25  of  same  year  by 
Rev.  Harvey  Silliman,  uniting  with  the  .Second 
Baptist  cliiH-i'h  in  (iroton;  graduated  with  special 
honor  fiom  Brown  University  in  1861  ;  spent  an- 
other year  at  tlie  university  in  post-graduate 
studies ;  taught  schools  in  Mystic  and  SufEeld, 
Conn.,  and  Providence,  R.  I.,  from  1865  to  1872, 
with  the  exception  of  one  year — 1870-71 — spent  in 
travel  in  Eumiie  and  the  East,  visiting  specially 
the  Holy  Land ;  studied  at  Newton  Theological 
Institution  in  1873-74;  ordained  pastor  of  Wind- 
sor Avenue  Baptist  church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  Dec. 
15,  1874;  settled  with  Central  Baptist  church, 
Thompson,  Conn.,  in  June,  1877,  where  he  is  now 
(1880)  laboring;  married,  .July  1,  1874,  Mary  F. 
Gallup,  daughter  of  Deacon  John  Gallup,  of  Groton, 
Conn. 

Randolph,  Judge  Joseph  F.,  was  born  in 
Plainfield.  \.  .J.,  about  1800.  He  was  the  son  of 
Rev.  Robert  Randolph.  He  was  baptized  at  Free- 
hold by  Rev.  J.  M.  Challiss.  He  opened  a  law- 
office  in  Freehold,  and  afterwards  resided  and 
practised  in  New  Brunswick,  Trenton,  and  Jersey 
City,  where  he  died  at  an  advanced  age.  He  was 
first  elected  to  Congress  in  1838,  and  served  two 
terms.  He  also  was  honored  with  an  appointment 
to  the  judgeship  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  New 
Jersey. 

Randolph,  Warren,  D.D.,  son  of  Lewis  S.  and 
Hannah  (Gilman)  Randolph,  was  born  at  Piscata- 
way,  N.  J.,  March  30,  1826.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1851.  Among 
his  classiiuites  were  Prof.  J.  L.  Diman,  D.D.,  and 
Rev.  .J.  B.  Simmons,  D.D.  Soon  after  his  gradu- 
ation he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  High  Street 
Baptist  church,  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  where  he  re- 
mained but  a  short  time,  and  then  accepted  a  call 
to  become  pastor  of  the  Eighth  (now  Jefferson) 
Street  church,  Providence.  He  removed  to  Phila- 
delphia in  1857,  and  became  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church   in   Germantown,  which    office   he 


RANDOLPH 


957 


RANGOON 


held  until  18G3,  when  he  was  culled  to  the  Har- 
vard Street  Baptist  church,  Boston.  Four  years 
later,  in  18f>7,  he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Fifth  Baptist  church  until  1870, 
whon  his  health  failing  he  resii;ned,  and  spent  not 
fiir  from  a  year  in  forei;;n  travel,  extending  his  trip 


WARRE.V    RANDOl.l'ir,   D.D. 

as  far  as  to  Egypt  and  Palestine.  On  his  return, 
in  1871,  ho  became  Sunday-school  seci-etary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  In  the  dis- 
charge of  his  official  duties  he  traveled  very  exten- 
sively over  the  United  States,  and  proved  himself 
a  most  useful  agent  in  promoting  the  interests  of 
the  society  which  he  served. 

In  1872  a  committee  was  appointed,  by  a  Sun- 
day-School Convention  representing  the  evangeli- 
cal denominations  of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
to  select  lessons  for  a  seven  years'  course  of  study. 
Dr.  Randolph  represented  the  Baptists  in  thiscom- 
niittoo.  Its  labors  were  so  successful  that  before 
the  seven  years  had  expired  it  was  calculated  that 
about  eight  millions  of  persons  were  reaping  the 
advantages  of  the  lessons.  A  second  international 
lesson  committee  was  appointed  to  serve  for  the 
ensuing  seven  years  ;  of  tliis  committee  Dr.  Ran- 
dolph was  a  member.  He  resigned  his  secretary- 
ship in  1S77,  to  the  sincere  regret  of  the  Publica- 
tion Society,  to  accept  the  pastoi'ate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Indianapolis,  where  ho  remained 
a  little  more  than  two  years.  On  his  return  to  the 
East  he  became  pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist 
church  of  Newport,  R.  I. 

Dr.  Randolph  has  been  in  almost  constant  ser- 


vice since  his  ordination,  in  1851,  and  he  is  ad- 
mirably qualified  for  the  work  of  the  gospel  min- 
istry. 

Rangoon  Karen  College. — In  the  fifty-sixth 
annual  report  presented  t(i  tlie  Missionary  Union 
in  1H70,  among  other  suggestions  Dr.  Binney  made 
the  following:  ''Whether  we  ought  not  to  make 
some  provision  for  general  education  for  Karens, 
by  which  this  institution"  (the  Karen  Theological 
Seminary)  "  might  be  relieved  of  that  department." 
The  suggestion  of  Dr.  Binney  met  with  a  prompt 
response,  and  in  the  annual  report  of  the  executive 
committee  for  1871,  we  are  told  that  '"  the  effort 
begun  the  past  year,  for  the  founding  of  a  Karen 
College  at  Rangoon,  is  the  logical  result  of  tlie  gen- 
eral educational  impulse,  which  has  been  felt  at  the 
missionary  stations."  The  college  was  opened  on 
the  28th  of  May,  1872,  Rev.  Dr.  Binney,  president, 
with  three  native  teachers  and  seventeen  pupils. 
Rev.  John  Packer,  who  had  been  professor  in  the 
State  University  of  Missouri,  sailed  in  October,  1872, 
to  be  connected  with  Dr.  Binney,  both  in  the  theo- 
logical institution  and  the  college.  The  second 
year  of  the  college  opened  April  1,  1873,  two  weeks 
after  the  arrival  of  Prof.  Packer,  and.  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  weeks'  vacation  in  October,  was  in 
continuous  session  until  Jan.  28,  1874.  The  whole 
number  of  students  in  attendance  during  the  session 
was  39,  of  whom  36  were  boys.  Of  course,  the 
work  done  was  of  a  very  elementary  character,  but 
it  was  work  well  done,  and  designed  to  be  the  foun- 
dation work  preparatory  to  something  higher  in 
the  future.  Rev.  C.  II.  Carpenter  was  appointed 
president  in  1873,  and  left  the  United  States  in 
January,  1874,  to  take  charge  of  the  college.  lie 
remained  in  office  but  a  short  time,  when  Prof. 
Packer  w.as  chosen  in  his  place.  Several  circum- 
stances conspired  for  a  year  or  two  to  hinder  the 
progress  of  the  college.  The  report  nt  the  end  of 
the  session  of  1876-77  was  more  favorable,  the 
number  of  pupils  having  been  109,  and  the  last 
year  the  number  had  rispii  to  127.  Through  the 
generosity  of  one  individual  an  ample  site  and 
buildings  for  the  college,  including  a  dormitory, 
have  been  secured.  A  good  beginning  h.is  been 
made  in  the  life  of  the  Rangoon  College,  and  the 
prospect  of  its  future  usefulness  is  very  bright. 

Rangoon  Mission  Press.— The  first  printing- 
press  of  which  the  Baptist  missionaries  made  use 
was  a  gift  from  the  English  Baptist  .Mission  at 
Sernmpore,  in  1816.  It  was  sent  to  Rangoon  and 
placed  under  the  charge  of  Rev.  G.  II.  Hough,  who 
had  learned  and  practised  the  trade  of  printing  in 
the  United  States.  At  once  Mr.  Hough  put  to 
press  Dr.  Judson's  "  Luminary  of  Christian  Doc- 
trines," a  catechism,  and  a  translation  of  the  gos- 
pel of  Matthew.  After  the  war  between  England 
and  Burmah,  Maulmain  became  the  chief  seat  of 


RANGOON 


958 


RAUSCHENBUSCH 


printinj;  operations.  In  ISO]  tlie  Mission  Printing- 
Press,  with  all  that  pertained  to  it,  was  anain  es- 
tablished at  Han<;oon,  umler  the  charge  of  Kcv. 
C.  Bennett,  and  the  niission  printing  was  constantly 
and  vigorously  prosecuted  in  the  line  of  Scriptures, 
books,  and  tracts.  All  the  movable  portiim  of  Mr. 
Kanney's  printing  estaljlishnient  at  Rangoon  was 
purchased  liy  the  Missionary  Union  in  1S(32,  and 
proved  a  valuable  addition  to  the  facilities  needed 
for  the  publication  of  a  religious  literature.  From 
Oct.  ],  ISfil.  to  Sept.  30,  I8G2,  there  had  been  pub- 
lished 2,113,000  pages  of  matter,  religious  and 
secul.ar,  and  during  the  next  year  the  amount  was 
more  than  doubled.  When  iMr.  Bennett,  who  had 
spent  some  time  in  this  country,  returned  to  Ran- 
goon in  1SG5,  lie  was  the  bearer  of  important  addi- 
tions to  the  working  material  of  the  printing-office 
and  bindery,  which  had  cost  over  SOOOO.  During 
the  two  years,  1SG3-C5,  8,751,900  pages  had  been 
printed.  The  books  and  tracts  were  upon  a  great 
variety  of  subjects,  and  varied  in  size  from  a  IGmo 
to  an  8vo, — a  revival  hymn-book  representing  the 
first,  and  a  Burmese  and  English  dictionary  the 
second.  The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee 
for  1807  estimates  the  value  of  the  investments 
made  to  carry  on  printing  at  Ilangoon  at '?18,736.r)6. 
From  Oct.  i,  18G7,  to  Sept.  30,  18G8,  the  number 
of  pages  printed  was  10,G78,Ol)0.  Besides  the  print- 
ing done  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  missions,  a  large 
amount  of  job  work,  also,  was  done,  thus  enabling 
the  Union  to  reduce  the  expenses  of  running  the 
establishment.  Mr.  Bennett,  who  again  made  a 
visit  to  this  country,  returned  to  the  scene  of  his 
labors  in  the  fall  of  1872.  During  his  absence  the 
work  went  on  under  the  superintendence  of  Rev. 
I.  D.  Colburn.  In  the  annual  report  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  for  1877  the  announcement  was 
made  that  Mr.  Bennett  had  resigned  his  connection 
with  the  press  the  fall  previous.  It  was  stated  that 
"he  had  been  more  or  less  intimately  connected 
with  the  press  for  forty-seven  years,  and  during 
the  greater  part  of  this  time  had  taken  charge  of 
it.  He  developed  excellent  business  qualities,  and 
managed  its  affairs  with  great  jn'udence  and  skill 
till  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  important  factors 
of  our  mission  work  in  Burmah.''  Upon  the  resig- 
nation of  Mr.  Bennett,  Rev.  AV.  II.  Sloan  was  ap- 
pointed superintendent.  He  remained  in  charge 
for  some  time,  and  on  returning  to  this  country  on 
account  of  the  health  of  his  family,  Mr.  Bennett 
consented,  temporarily,  to  occupy  the  position  he 
had  held  for  so  many  years.  The  report  for  the 
year  ending  Oct.  1,  1877,  presents  the  names  of  a 
long  list  of  books  and  pamphlets  printed  in  the 
following  languages  and  dialects :  English,  Bur- 
mese, S'gan  Karen,  Pwo  Karen,  and  Bghai  Karen. 
The  number  of  pages  in  these  books  and  pamphlets 
was   4693,   and    the    total   of  pages   printed   was 


5,843,974.  Among  the  more  important  of  these 
publications  we  notice,  in  Burmese,  Judsou's  Eng- 
lish-Burmese Dictionary,  completed,  royal  octavo, 
the  Four  Gospels,  the  Acts,  and  several  of  the  Epis- 
tles, each  in  royal  quarto,  together  with  the  Penta- 
teuch in  quarto.  In  S'gan  Karen,  the  English- 
Karen  Diction.ary,  in  medium  quarto,  several  books 
of  the  New  Testament,  and  the  minutes  of  six 
Associations. 

Rathbone,  Maj.-Gen.  John  T.,  was  born  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  IS,  1821  ;  was  educated  in  the 
academy  at  Albany  and  the  Collegiate  Institute 
of  Brockport,  N.  Y.  llis  father  died  when  he  was 
fifteen  years  old,  when  he  left  scIhioI  and  accepted 
a  clerkship  in  Rochester.  At  seventeen  years  of 
age  ho  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  Brock- 
port.  At  eighteen  he  returned  to  Albany.  In 
1845  he  built  his  foundry  in  Albany,  which,  with 
the  additions  since  made,  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
world. 

In  18G1,  Mr.  Rathbone  was  appointed  brig.adier- 
general  of  the  Ninth  Brigade  of  the  National  Guards 
of  New  York,  and  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  appointed  commandant  of  the  Albany 
Depot  for  Volunteers.  On  being  relieved  from  this 
command  Gen.  Rathbone  was  highly  complimented, 
not  only  by  the  adjutant-general,  but  by  the  com- 
mander-in-chief, for  his  great  success  in  raising 
recruits  and  performing  all  the  duties  of  his  office, 
lie  sent  to  the  front  thirty-five  regiments  from  his 
depot.  In  1SG7,  Gen.  Rathbone  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  commandant  of  the  Ninth  Brigade.  AVhen 
John  A.  Dix  was  elected  to  the  governorship  of 
New  York  he  appointed  Gen.  Ratlibone  adjutant- 
general  of  the  State,  with  the  rank  of  major-gen- 
eral. He  served  under  Gov.  Dix's  administration 
with  credit  to  himself  and  great  advantage  to 
the  State.  lie  has  been  asked  to  accept  political 
nominations,  which  he  invariably  declined,  ambi- 
tious only  to  serve  his  fellow-men  as  a  private 
citizen.  He  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Albany 
Orphan  Asylum,  of  which  he  has  been  a  trustee 
for  thirty  years,  and  for  many  years  the  president. 
For  thirty  years  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Emmanuel  Baptist  Sunday-school,  and  he  has  been 
a  working  member  of  the  church  for  forty  years, 
lie  founded  the  Rathbone  Library  of  the  University 
of  Rochester,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee,  to  who.se 
funds  he  has  contributed  about  $40,000. 

Gen.  Rathbone  is  one  of  the  noble  Baptists  who 
have  conferred  honor  upon  our  denomination  in 
the  State  of  New  York. 

Eauschenbusch,  Augfustus,  D.D.,  was  bom  at 
Altena,  province  of  Westphalia,  Germany,  Feb.  13, 
181G.  He  was  the  son  of  A.  E.  Eauschenbusch, 
Lutheran  pastor  in  that  city,  a  learned  and  highly 
esteemed  clergyman,  from  whom  also  he  received 
his  earliest  instructions.     In  his  fifteenth  year  he 


RA  USCHENB  USCH 


959 


R  A  WD  ON 


entered  the  g^'iiinasium  (college)  at  Elberfeld,  and, 
having  graduated,  he  went,  in  his  nineteenth  year, 
to  the  University  of  Berlin  for  the  purpose  of  study- 
ing for  the  ministry.  Tlirough  the  instructions  of 
his  teacher,  the  venerable  Dr.  Neander,  and  through 
the  influence  of  pious  friends,  he  was  awakened  to 
a  sense  of  his  guilt  before  God,  and,  after  a  severe 


AUGUSTUS    RAUSCIIENBUSCH,  D.D. 

inward  struggle,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  became  a 
decided  and  joyful  believer.  Having  spent  some 
time  at  home,  he  went  to  the  University  of  Bonn, 
where  he  devoted  his  time  both  to  natural  science 
and  theology.  At  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1841, 
the  son  was  chosen  by  the  congregation  as  his  suc- 
cessor. As  that  congregation  numbered  about  3000 
souls,  an  important  field  was  thus  opened  to  the 
youthful  minister.  His  earnest  pleading  aroused 
great  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  worldly-minded, 
but,  at  the  same  time,  it  proved  the  means  of 
awakening  many  hundreds  of  persons  at  Altena 
and  at  various  places  in  the  vicinity. 

After  four  years  of  successful  labor,  Mr.  Rausch- 
enbusch  felt  himself  more  and  more  hampered  by 
his  ecclesiastical  relations,  and,  after  much  prayer, 
he  resolved  to  go  to  a  land  where  he  could  preach 
the  gospel  untrammeled  and  unmolested.  Having 
heard  of  the  great  religious  destitution  among  the 
(iermans  in  America,  he  emigrated  to  this  country 
in  1846,  and  immediately  went  to  Missouri  to  )ireach 
to  the  numerous  Germans  settled  there.  In  1847 
he  was  invited  by  the  American  Tract  Society  to 
come  to  New  York  to  conduct  the  publication  of 
their  German  tracts.     Hero  he  became  acquainted 


with  Dr.  Somers,  a  Baptist  pastor,  and  a  member 
of  the  publisliing  committee  of  the  Tract  Society. 
Through  him  he  was  led  to  consider  the  question 
(if  baptism.  After  a  long  and  prayerful  investiga- 
tion of  it,  he  was  baptized  in  May,  1850.  He  con- 
tinued his  connection  with  the  Tract  Society  until 
August,  1853,  superintending  their  seventy  German 
colporteurs,  editing  their  German  monthly,  the 
IlolschtiJ'ter,  and  preparing  books  and  tracts.  At 
the  same  time  his  influence  was  strongly  and  ef- 
fectively exerted  in  furthering  the  Baptist  cause 
among  the  Germans.  In  1851,  withdrawing  for  a 
time  from  the  Tract  Society,  he  labored  as  a  preacher 
in  Canada,  and  organized  the  first  German  Baptist 
churches  there.  Having  visited  his  native  land,  he 
returned  to  this  country  in  1854  with  a  number  of 
emigrants,  and  settled  with  them  in  Missouri.  In 
1S55  he  organized  a  German  Baptist  church  in 
Gasconade  Co.,  Mo.,  and  preached  to  it  until  1858, 
when,  in  oljediencc  to  a  call  from  the  New  York 
Baptist  Union  for  Ministerial  Education,  he  took 
charge  of  the  German  department  of  the  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Since  that  time 
he  has  fulfilled,  with  much  ability  and  success,  the 
duties  of  his  pi'ofessorship.  He  is  doing  a  great 
work.  His  influence  on  the  young  men  going 
forth  from  Rochester  as  evangelists  and  pastors 
of  the  German  Baptist  churches  is  strongly  felt, 
and'  his  valuable  services  are  gratefully  acknowl- 
edged by  all  the  churches. 

Rawdon  College,  Yorkshire,  England,  the  the- 
ological seminary  originally  called  "  the  Northern 
Baptist  Education  Society,"  was  founded  in  1804. 
Until  1859  the  college  was  located  at  Horton,  near 
Bradford,  and  was  known  as  Horton  College.  Its 
first  president  was  the  Rev.  AVilliam  Steadman, 
D.D.,  whose  eminent  services  established  the  rep- 
utation of  the  seminary  and  vfon  the  confidence  of 
the  churches.  Dr.  Steadman  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Acworth,  during  the  latter  part  of  whose  presi- 
dency the  present  handsome  and  commodious 
building  was  erected  and  paid  for.  The  Rev.  S. 
G.  Green,  D.D.,  was  elected  president  on  the  re- 
tirement of  Dr.  Acworth.  In  1876,  Dr.  Green 
accepted  the  position  of  literary  editor  of  the  Re- 
ligious Tract  Society,  and  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  T.  G.  Rooke,  B.A.,  the  pi-esent  head  of  the 
seminary.  About  350  ministers  and  missionaries 
have  been  trained  in  this  institution,  many  of  whom 
have  distinguished  themselves  by  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful service  in  England,  the  United  States,  the 
British  colonies,  and  in  heathen  lands.  Rawdon 
College  is  affiliated  to  the  University  of  London, 
and  during  recent  years  several  students  have 
graduated  with  distinction.  Two  scholarships,  the 
"Acworth"  and  the  "Steadman  and  Godwin," 
have  been  founded  recently.  (See  illustration  on 
ne.Kt  page.) 


RAY 


960 


BAY 


RAH'DON    COLLEGE,  VORKSHIRE,  ENGLAND. 


Ray,  Rev.  Ambrose,  a  distinguislied  co-laborer 
with  .Martin  Bali,  W.  H.  Holcoiiie,  and  others  in 
North  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1798.  lie  began  to  preach  about  lS.j.3,  and,  after 
a  successful  ministry  of  seventeen  years,  he  re- 
moved to  Mississippi  in  1850,  where  he  took  a  high 
rank  among  his  co-laborers,  and  was  often  called  to 
positions  of  honor  and  trust  amona  his  brethren, 
lie  died  in  1873,  and  his  remains  rest  at  Union 
church,  Tippah  Co.,  Miss. 

Ray,  D.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Hickman,  Ky., 
March  30,  IS.'JO.  lie  was  converted,  and  baptized 
by  Elder  AVhite,  into  the  Little  Albion  Baptist 
church,  Oct.  16,  1S44.  He  was  ordained  in  1856. 
He  labored  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  till  1870, 
and  then  became  associated  with  President  Worrell 
in  the  editorship  of  the  liaplist  Sentinel  at  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.  In  1873  he  became  pastor  at  La  Grange, 
Mo.,  and  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1880.  He  studied 
in  Clinton  Seminary,  Ky.,  until  ill  health  compelled 
him  in  two  years  to  leave  school.  His  ordination 
took  place  in  lS5(i.  After  this  he  devoted  much 
time  to  theological  studies,  history,  and  the  sciences. 
Thousands  have  been  converted  under  his  ministry. 
Not  only  as  an  evangelist  is  he  known,  but  more 
as  a  debater  on  religious  questions.  He  lias  held 
forty  oral  discussions.  Most  of  these  have  been 
with  Campbellite  and  Methodist  leaders.  His  dis- 
cussions have  been  frequently  followed  by  revivals, 
as  well  as  by  the  discomfiture  of  his  opponents. 

In  1867  he  published  his  "  Text-Book  on  Camp- 


bellism."  Seven  editions  have  been  issued,  and 
this  blighting  error  has  been  exposed.  In  1870  he 
issued  liis  "  Baptist  Succession."    It  is  a  convenient 


D.  B.  RAY,  D.D. 


hand-book  of  Baptist  history,  to  meet  objections 
against  Baptists.     Eight  editions  of  it  have  been 


JiAYMOXD 


%1 


JCA  YMOND 


issued.  "  The  Church  Discussion"  is  another  book 
he  has  issued,  containins  a  dehate  with  the  Cainp- 
hellites.  He  now  resides  in  St.  liouis,  and  is  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Americdn  Jiapfisf  Flwj.  lie 
is  a  man  of  marked  aliility  and  of  <:reat  coiira;;e. 

Raymond,  John  Howard,  LL.D.,  was  Ixirn  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  March  7,  1SI4.  His  fatlier, 
Kliai-liini  Raymond,  a  merchant,  was  distinguished 
for  liis  active  interest  in  every  relij^ious  enterprise, 
and  was  a  leader  among  tlie  Uiiptists  of  liis  day. 
In  his  earliest  school-days  -J.  II.  liaymond  was  the 
pupil  of  Gould  Brown,  and  the  influence  of  this 
master  may  be  traced  in  hi.s  early  acquisition  of  a 
taste  feu-  analytical  thinking  and  correct  expression. 
He  was  prepare<l  for  college  at  the  Hamilton  Acad- 
emy and  at  the  lligli  School  of  New  York.  In  1S2S 
he  entered  Columljia  College.  Four  years  later  he 
was  graduated  at  Union  College,  and  immediately 
began  the  study  of  law  at  New  Haven.  It  was 
during  this  period  of  iiis  life  that  he  was  led  to  an 
aliiding  faith  in  the  teachings  of  the  Bible  and  to 
an  acceptance  of  .Jesus  as  his  Saviour.  He  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Brooklyn,  and 
shortly  after  liis  convictions  led  him  to  the  study 
of  theology,  with  the  intention  of  preparing  for 
the  ministry.  In  1834  he  entered  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  His  talent  for  ac- 
quiring languages  made  it  easy  for  him  to  gain 
distinction  as  a  student  of  Hebrew,  his  progress 
licing  so  marked  that  he  was  appointed  a  tutor  of 
the  language  at  the  seminary  before  he  had  com- 
pleted its  course  of  study.  In  1839  the  chair  of 
Rhetoric  and  English  Literature  was  established  in 
Madison  University,  and  he  was  called  to  the  new 
professorship.  He  had  rare  qualities  for  the  work, 
— habits  of  thoroughness  in  study,  brilliant  orator- 
ical powers,  fine  rhetorical  taste,  winning  social 
ways,  keen  sympathies,  ready  wit,  and  the  art  of 
teaching.  He  soon  came  to  believe  that  he  had 
found  bis  calling,  and  that  he  saw  his  work  for  life 
in  the  profession  of  the  teacher.  For  ten  years 
i'rof.  Raymond  continued  at  Madison  University, 
winning  reputation  as  an  orator  and  as  a  teacher. 

He  accepted  the  professorship  of  Belle-Lettres  in 
the  University  of  Rochester  at  the  time  of  its  or- 
ganization, in  1850.  He  renuiincd  at  Rochester 
until  1S.')5,  when  he  was  selected  to  organize  the 
Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute  in  Brooklyn. 
This  work  brought  him  prominentlj'  before  the 
educational  profession,  for  lie  had  a  difficult  task 
assigned  to  him,  and  he  accomplished  it  with  bril- 
liant success*. 

When  Matthew  Vassar  sought  the  advice  of 
prominent  An\orican  teachers  in  selecting  the  nuin 
who  should  be  intrusted  with  the  work  of  organ- 
izing the  first  great  college  for  women,  he  found  it 
to  be  the  general  opinion  that  the  temperament, 
the  accomplishments,   and  the  experience  of  l>r. 


Raymond  made  him  the  man  for  the  position.  He 
was  promptly  appointed  to  the  presidency  and  pro- 
fessorship of -Mf'ntal  and  .Moral  Philosophy  at  Vas- 
sar College.  His  work  there  began  in  the  summer 
of  1865.  To  his  task  he  brought  unwearying  pa- 
tience, close  observation,  and  the  cautiousness  of  a 
man  who  appreciates  the  sacredness  of  a  great  trust. 
No  man  connected  with  educational  institutions 
in  this  country  has  shown  more  talent  for  organ- 
ization than  was  exhibited  by  President  Raymond. 
The  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute  at  its 
inception  was  looked  upon  as  a  dubious  experiment. 
He  there  demonstrated  that  by  new  and  improved 
organization  elements  of  culture  seemingly  incon- 
gruous could  be  made  coalescent,  and  that  institu- 
tion became  the  model  after  which  many  high 
schools  and  academies  have  been  patterned.  This 
royal  talent  was  yet  more  brilliantly  displayed  by 
him  in  the  organization  of  Vassar  College.  His 
work  was  accomplished,  not  by  spasmodic  efforts, 
but  by  patient  industry.  A  careful  process  of  rea- 
soning brought  him  to  a  conviction,  and  for  that 
conviction  he  could  toil  unceasingly.  Popular  ap- 
preciation was  not  a  powerful  incentive  to  him. 
Respect  for  his  own  well-considored  opinions  and 
faithfulness  to  trusts  placed  in  his  keeping  were 
the  constant  motives  of  his  earnest  life.  Such  a 
life  gave  him  an  ever-growing  influence  and  an 
unsought  eminence.  But  success  did  not  dim  the 
glow  of  his  spiritual  graces.  Humility,  calmness, 
trustfulness,  catholicity,  and  the  consecration  of 
his  industry  and  his  influence  shone  brighter  and 
brighter  in  hira  till  the  end  of  his  life. 

He  gave  himself  so  exclusively  to  his  official 
work  that  his  graceful  pen  had  little  opportunity 
for  exercise.  Save  a  few  pamphlets  and  sermons, 
all  marked  with  dignity  and  finish  of  style,  he  left 
no  published  works.  Never  physically  strong. 
Dr.  Raymond  broke  down  under  his  labors,  and 
though  his  physician  warned  him  that  he  must 
have  rest,  he  could  not  release  himself  from  the 
work  he  loved.  After  a  year  of  much  suffering, 
in  which  his  quiet  patience  and  geniality  shone 
brighter  than  ever  before,  with  no  definable  disease, 
but  worn  out.  he  died  on  the  14th  of  .\ugust.  1S7S. 
His  last  words  fittingly  closed  his  earnest  life  as 
he  quietly  s;iid  to  his  family,  "  How  easy,  how 
easy,  to  glide  from  the  work  here  to  the  work  in 
heaven  !"'  His  death  summoned  attention  to  his 
dignity  and  worth,  calling  forth  a  general  tribute 
of  respect  to  his  memory.  "  His  fame,  like  the 
fame  of  Arnold,  of  Rugby,  will  live  and  grow 
through  generations  of  those  to  whom  and  to 
whose  fathers  and  mothers  he  was  stiong  guard- 
ian, wise  guide,  dear  friend." 

Raymond,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  bom  Aug.  3, 1807, 
at  Walton,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  he  was 
about  seven  years  of  age  the  family  removed  to 


RA  rNOR 


962 


HEAD 


Sydney,  in  the  same  county,  now  called  Sydney 
Centre.  His  conversion  occurred  at  twenty-three, 
wlien  he  was  baptized  liy  Rev.  S.  P.  (iriswold,  one 
of  the  veteran  ministers  of  New  York.  In  July, 
1831,  he  was  licensed  by  the  Sydney  church,  and 
for  a  while  united  preaching  with  his  business  as 
a  builder.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  Laurens,  in 
Otsei;o  County.  After  two  years  of  successful  labor 
he  removed  to  Cooperstovvn,  where  he  remained 
eight  and  a  half  years.  By  this  time  his  brethren 
y  had  found  in  him  uncommon  qualifications  for  use- 
fulness in  revival  labor,  and  in  1841  called  him  to 
that  sphere  of  service.  Three  years  were  spent  in 
such  lal)ur  in  New  York  and  in  Northern  Pennsyl- 
vania. In  June,  1844,  he  removed  to  the  West, 
being  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Milwaukee.  The  church  was  very  small  and 
feeble,  but  grew  under  his  ministry,  and  erected 
its  first  house  of  worship.  After  four  years  in 
Milwaukee  he  was  called  to  Chicago  as  pastor  of 
the  Tabernacle  church,  succeeding  llev.  II.  M. 
Rice,  who  had  died  of  cholera.  After  three  years 
he  again  engaged  in  revival  labors.  In  1854  he 
removed  to  Sandusky,  0.,  organizing  a  church 
there,  which,  however,  after  one  year,  he  gave  up 
to  Rev.  J.  1).  Fulton,  and  he  entered  the  service  of 
the  Ohio  .State  Convention.  In  1S57  he  accepted 
a  call  to  a  new  organization  in  Aurora,  HI.,  the 
Union  Baptist  church  ;  in  1859  he  went  to  another 
new  church  at  Peoria ;  at  the  end  of  a  year  he 
entered  the  army  as  a  chaplain,  continuing  in  that 
service  to  the  end  of  the  war.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  engaged  as  an  evangelist,  and  in  labor 
with  feeble  churches.  His  life  has  been  one  of 
energetic  service  in  a  spirit  of  great  enthusiasm 
and  personal  devotion.  And  the  fruit,  in  souls 
added  to  the  Lord,  has  been  abundant. 

Raynor,  Samuel,  was  bom  on  Long  Island, 
Aug.  10,  1810.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Spencer 
H.  Cone  in  1833,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Oliver  Street  church.  New  York,  of  which  he  has 
been  a  deacon  over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  is 
a  well-known  business  man  in  New  York.  He  is 
distinguished  for  his  liberal  support  of  the  great 
institutions  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  is  a 
manager  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety and  of  the  New  York  Sunday  School  Union. 
He  was  for  years  president  of  a  benevolent  institu- 
tion in  New  York  known  as  the  "  Eastern  Dispen- 
sary," and  has  official  connection  with  several  in- 
surance companies  and  the  Metropolitan  Savings- 
Bank  of  New  Y'^ork. 

Read,  Daniel,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Orangeville, 
N.  Y.,  April  11,  18125.  He  was  educated  at  Madi- 
son University,  and  settled  at  first  as  pastor  of  the 
Big  Flats  Baptist  church,  in  New  York,  where  he 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry. 
He  was  next  pastor  of  the  Medina  Baptist  church. 


N.  Y.,  and  was  then  induced  to  accept  the  pastorate 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Iti 
1850  he  was  elected  president  of  Shurtleff  College, 
in  Illinois.  This  old  institution  was  patronized  by 
the  Baptists  of  St.  Louis,  which  enabled  Dr.  Read 
to  render  the  special  service  to  it  that  his  influence 
in  that  city  and  his  learning  promised.  Under  his 
charge  the  college  was  )ilaced  on  a  firm  financial  ■ 
basis,  and  rose  to  a  position  it  had  not  hitherto 
attained. 

In  1873,  Ur.  Read  resigned  the  presidency  of  tlie 
college  and  accepted  a  call  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Williamsburg,  N.  Y.  He  is  a  faithful 
pastor  and  an  able  preacher.  His  study  of  tlie 
Bible  in  tlie  languages  in  which  it  was  written 
makes  him  one  of  the  most  instructive  expounders 
of  its  sacred  truth. 

Read,  Rev.  George  R.,  of  Alameda,  Cal.,  was 

born  at  Attleborougb,  Mass.,  March  5,  1841;  bap- 
tized at  North  Attleborough  in  October,  1856 ; 
served  in  the  army  under  Gen.  Banks  at  New 
Orleans  until  1863  ;  studied  at  Pierce  Academy, 
Mass.;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1868, 
and  at  Newton  Theological  Seminary  in  1871  ; 
settled  as  pastor  for  five  years  at  Lisbon  Falls, 
wliere  he  was  ordained,  Oct.  25,  1871.  The  church 
grew  under  his  ministry ;  many  were  baptized. 
He  removed  to  California  in  December,  1870,  and 
supplied  the  Stockton  church  sLx  months,  during 
the  pastor's  absence  in  the  Holy  Land.  In  July, 
1877,  he  settled  at  Alameda,  organized  a  church, 
built  a  house  of  worship,  and  has  been  favored 
with  growing  prosperity.  He  is  greatly  beloved, 
is  a  self-denying  pastor,  and  zealous  worker.  He 
has  acted  in  honorable  official  positions  in  Asso- 
ciations and  Conventions,  and  is  numbered  with 
the  brethren  of  influence  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Read,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,  was  bom  ,at  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  Jan.  10,  1843.  Mr.  Read  spent  nearly  three 
years  and  a  half  in  the  Union  service  during  the 
war,  receiving  a  wound  from  which  he  still  at  times 
severely  suffers.  He  was  baptized  Dec.  1,  1866. 
He  entered  ShurtlefiT  College  preparatory  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry,  and  was  ordained  at  Kin- 
mundy.  111.,  June  11,  1871.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Clayton,  111.,  five  years,  and  the 
Union  Avenue  church,  Litchfield,  111.,  one  year. 
He  removed  to  Peru,  Neb.,  Jan.  1,  1878.  Through 
his  labors  a  commodious  church  edifice  has  been 
built.  He  preaches  to  the  Brownville  Baptist 
church  in  connection  with  that  of  Peru. 

Read,  Rev.  Hiram  Walter,  was  born  in 
Jewett  City,  Conn.,  July  17,  1819  ;  baptized  March 
11,  1838,  at  Oswego,  N.  Y. ;  educated  at  Oswego 
Academy  and  Madison  University  ;  began  his  min- 
istry in  1844,  at  Whitewater,  Wis.  He  was  pastor, 
and  chaplain  to  Wisconsin  senate,  and  labored  in 
many  revivals.     In  1849  he  went  to  New  Mexico, 


READ 


963 


REDING 


and  in  1S52  preiichej  to  U.  S.  troops  and  to  the 
Indians  and  Mexicans  ;  organized  churches,  located 
missionaries,  and  estal)lished  schools,  explored  ad- 
jacent Territories,  and  laid  fouiKlations  for  mission 
work.  Returninfj  East,  he  labored  for  the  Home 
Mission  and  the  American  and  Foreii^n  Bible  So- 
cieties, and  settled  for  a  time  in  Virginia,  near 
Washington  ;  built  the  Falls  Baptist  church,  and 
helped  others  in  revivals.  During  the  war  he 
served  the  U.  S.  government  at  Washington,  in 
the  field,  and  in  hospitals ;  was  taken  pri.soner, 
and  exchanged  for  Dr.  Broaddus,  of  Fredericks- 
burg, Va.  Assisted  to  establish  the  Territorial 
government  of  Arizona,  and  held  positions  of  great 
pecuniary  trust,  under  direction  of  the  U.  S.  treas- 
urer. Visited  California  in  1804.  In  ISOu  settled 
at  Hannibal,  Mo.,  and  soon  after  was  engaged  in 
many  revivals  as  an  evangelist.  His  labors  have 
been  greatly  blessed  in  Eastern  cities  and  many  of 
the  larger  towns  of  the  country.  He  has  baptized 
nearly  1000,  and  led  thousands  more  to  Christ,  who 
were  baptized  by  others.  W'hile  in  New  Mexico  he 
was  captured  by  Indians,  and  threatened  with  death 
by  fire,  but  was  graciously  saved.  He  is  now  pastor 
at  Virginia  City,  Nev. 

Read,  Rev.  Isaiah  W.,  was  born  at  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  May  25,  1848 :  baptized  Dec.  2,  18C0.  He 
was  ordained  at  Roanoke.  111.,  June  10,  I8T.J,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  that  place. 
He  afterwards  had  charge  of  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Kingsbury  and  Elkhart,  Ind.  He  graduated 
from  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  Chicago, 
May  8,  18"9,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.D.  He  had 
previuusly  accepted  a  position  under  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society  as  their  general  mis- 
sionary in  Nebraska  and  Dakota.  Efficient  and 
valuable  work  has  been  already  done  by  him  in 
this  new  field. 

Read,  Rev.  James  C,  was  born  at  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  April  18,  1840.  Jlr.  Head  spent  two  years 
and  eight  months  in  the  Union  service  during  the 
war.  He  was  baptized  Dec.  2,  1866  ;  educated  at 
Shurtlefl' College,  Upper  Alton,  111.,  and  the  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary  in  Chicago.  Ho  labored 
with  the  Baptist  churches  in  Fairbury,  Washington, 
and  Metamiira,  111.,  and  in  Wcstville,  Ind.  He  re- 
moved to  Nebraska  in  18T'J,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  churches  at  Tecumseh  and  Sterling, 
in  which  field  his  toils  have  been  incessant  and 
his  labors  greatly  blessed.  He  is  at  the  present 
time  engaged  in  building  a  church  edifice  in  Te- 
cumseh. 

Read,  Rev.  John  C.  H.,  Wiis  Ijorn  at  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  May  5,  18J7  ;  baptized  in  1866;  orilaincd  at 
Roanoke,  111.,  Dec.  30,  1875.  from  which  he  re- 
moved to  Edwardsburg,  Mich.  In  1879  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  Baptist  church  in  Blair, 
Neb.,  where  he  has  met  with  much  success. 


Blessed  are  the  parents  who  have  given  to  the 
cause  of  Christ  four  efficient  and  faithful  minis- 
ters, men  who  are  deeply  interested  in  all  ques- 
tions pertaining  to  the  progress  of  the  church  and 
the  denomination,  not  alone  in  their  immediate 
fields,  but  also  in  the  State  and  throughout  the 
world. 

Read,  Rev.  Wm.  E.,  was  born  in  Missouri. 
Fi'b.  4.  1n45  ;  reuioveil  with  his  parents  to  Califor- 
nia in  1852  ;  was  converted,  and  joined  the  .Meth- 
odists in  1855.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  the  Carson  Valley  Circuit,  Nevada  Ter- 
ritory. During  the  war  he  was  three  years  in  the 
U.  S.  army.  At  its  close  he  continued  in  the  Meth- 
odist ministry,  and  was  located  in  California,  at 
Cache  Creek,  Rio  Vista,  Capey,   and  Colusa.     In 

1873  he  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Newville ; 
was  licensed,  and  ordained  in  1875;  labored  as  a 
missionary  of  the  Sacramento  River  Association  ; 
traveled  and  preached  in  the  mountain  regions  and 
mining  camps;  organized  Sun<lay-schools,  and 
preached  to  feeble  churches.  He  has  been  for 
three  years  clerk  of  the  Sacramento  River  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1880  was  enrolling  clerk  of  the 
California  Legislature.  Conscientious,  finely  edu- 
cated, easy  in  public  address,  and  logical  in  preach- 
ing, he  is  held  in  high  esteem,  and  is  known  as  an 
earnest  and  successful  advocate  of  the  ordinances 
and  faith  of  the  Baptists. 

Reding,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  was  bom  in  Ports- 
mouth. N.  H.,  Sept.  21,  1811,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1837,  and  of 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of 
1840.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
W^est  Townsend,  Mass.,  May  12,  1841,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years,  and  then  removed  to  Yar- 
mouth, Me.,  where  he  was  pastor  also  for  another 
three  years.  From  Yarmouth  he  went  to  the  Second 
church  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  where  he  continued  until 
1856,  and  then  removed  to  Manchester,  where  he 
was  pastor  five  years ;  then  two  years  at  Beverly, 
with  his  former  church  ;  then  at^Vebster,  from  1863 
to  1869  ;  and  then  at  Milford,  for  two  years.    Since 

1874  Mr.  Reding  has  resided  at  Beverly,  .and  has 
supplied  the  church  which  he  formerly  served  since 
1874. 

Reding,  Rev.  Joseph,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  in  the  South  and  West,  was  born  in 
Fauquier  Co.,  Va.,  about  1750.  lie  was  converted 
under  the  ministry  of  the  eloquent  William  Mar- 
shall, and  baptized  in  1771.  He  commenced 
preaching  immediately,  and  with  such  success  that 
a  large  number  of  people  were  converted.  In  1772 
he  removed  to  South  Carolina.  The  next  year  he 
returned  to  his  old  home,  where  he  was  ordained 
at  Happy  Creek  church.  Soon  after  this  he  located 
in  Hampshire  County,  where  he  founded  several 
churches,  there  being  no  other  preacher   in    the 


REED 


964 


BEES 


county.  In  1779  he  started  with  his  family  to  Ken- 
tucky. His  boat  \va.s  wrecked,  and  lie  did  not 
reach  the  present  site  of  Louisville  until  the  fol- 
lowing April.  In  a  short  time  after  he  landed  one 
of  his  children  died.  The  Indians  were  so  trouble- 
some that  he  could  preach  but  little,  and  in  the  fall 
he  returned  to  ^  irginia.  In  1784  he  again  removed 
to  South  Carolina,  where  he  traveled  and  preached 
extensively,  occasionally  supplying  the  pulpit  in 
Charleston,  before  Dr.  Furman  took  charge  of  it. 
In  the  fall  of  1789  he  settled  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky. 
lie  preached  there  with  the  same  zeal  and  constancy 
that  he  bad  e.tercised  elsewhere,  and  became  the  most 
popular  preacher  in  the  new  settlements.  He  was 
called  ti)  the  care  of  Great  Crossing  church,  to  which 
he  preached  with  great  success  sixteen  years. 
During  the  years  1800  and  1801  he  baptized  361 
persons  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Great  Crossing 
church.  In  IS  10  he  took  charge  of  Dry  Run 
church,  which  he  had  fcirme<I  in  Scott  County. 
Here  he  remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  December,  181.5. 

£eed,  N.  A.,  S.D.,  was  born  in  Lynn,  Mass., 
Jan.  20,  ISl.i.  He  was  e.irly  ambitious  for  an  edu- 
cation, and  availed  himself,  with  that  view,  of  such 
opportunities  as  offered  during  intervals  of  labor 
on  the  farm  or  in  the  store,  for  private  study.  In 
1832,  in  a  revival  at  Andover,  he  was  converted. 
Though  educated  as  a  Congregationalist,  the  study 
of  the  Greek  New  Testament  made  him  a  Baptist. 
He  was  baptized  in  1833  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Andover  Baptist  church.  Deciding  to  enter  the 
ministry,  he  studied  at  Brown  University,  gradu- 
ating in  1838,  and  was  ordained  at  Wakefield,  R.  I., 
soon  after.  Ilis  successful  pastorates  have  been  at 
Wakefield,  Sufiield,  Conn.,  Bedford  and  Franklin- 
dale,  X.  Y.,  Winchester,  Mass.,  near  Boston, 
Wakefield  a  second  time,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  Middle- 
town.  X.  Y.,  Zanesville.  0.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
Hamilton.  0.,  Muscatine,  Iowa,  Centralia,  III.,  and 
the  present  one  at  Amboy,  in  the  same  State. 
At  these  important  points  his  work  has  always 
been  fruitful  in  conversions  and  addition-s  to  the 
churches,  while  the  influence  of  his  public  ministry 
has  been  ever  promotive  of  harmony  and  the  spirit 
of  church  enterprise. 

Rees,  Eev.  Csrrus  William,  A.M.,  was  bom 
in  Guernsey  Co.,  0.,  Jan.  2,  1828  ;  son  of  Rev.  Wm. 
Rees.  who  did  so  much  for  missions  and  education 
in  Indiana ;  has  two  brothers  in  the  Baptist  min- 
istry. Rev.  Eli  Rees,  of  California,  and  Rev.  .Jona- 
than 11.  Roes,  of  Texas.  In  early  life  he  studied 
for  the  medical  profession.  At  eighteen  he  was 
converted,  and  baptized  by  his  father  at  Delphi, 
Ind.  Studied  at  Franklin  and  Kalamazoo  Colleges, 
graduating  at  Kalamazoo  in  18.5.5.  Offered  him- 
self as  a  foreign  missionary,  and  was  accepted  by 
the  board  at  Bost.on,  but  the  §60,000  debt  prevented 


the  Union  from  sending  him.  In  1855  he  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  Mount  Clemens  and  Macomb 
churches,  Mich.,  and  was  ordained  November  15, 
precious  revivals  attending  his  work  at  both 
churches.  In  1856  he  settled  at  Fort  Wayne, 
built  a  meeting-house,  and  baptized  sixty.  Losing 
his  voice,  he  removed  to  Texas.  In  1859  he  removed 
to  California,  regained  his  voice,  settled  at  Petaluma, 
and  built  a  meeting-house  costing  $1,500  ;  removed 
to  Nevada  in  1861  :  was  the  first  Bai)tist  preacher  at 
Carson,  Virginia  City,  Silver  City,  Dayton,  and 
Fort  Churchill,  and  school  superintendent  for 
Lyon  County.  Until  1869  he  laVxired  in  Nevada 
and  Eastern  California,  and  organized  more  new 
churches  than  any  other  pastor  or  missionary  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  He  has  labored  at  Sacramento 
and  Red  Bluff  in  California,  built  new  tneeting- 
bouses,  organized  the  Eastern  Association  in  1873  ; 
moved  to  Oregon  in  1876;  was  pastor  at  Eugene 
City,  the  seat  of  the  State  University;  is  now 
pastor  at  the  Dalles  :  has  baptized  300  converts, 
lie  is  author  of  a  '"  Chronological  Historical  Chart'" 
of  the  leading  events  of  the  world  ;  also  author  of 
a  similar  "  History  of  the  American  Civil  War,'" 
a  "  Baptist  Chronological  History  from  the  Days 
of  Christ,"  and  now  has  a  work  nearly  ready  for 
the  press,  containing  nearly  four  hundred  Pedo- 
baptist  concessions  to  Baptist  principles,  arranged 
<lenominationally.  He  is  a  good  preacher  and 
lecturer  on  reformatory  subjects,  and  a  number  of 
his  discourses  on  special  subjects  have  been  pub- 
lished. 

Rees,  Rev.  Eli,  eldest  son  of  Rev.  Wm.  Rees, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  Jan.  11,  1821.  Two  of  his 
lirothers  are  Baptist  ministers,  C.  W.  Rees,  of 
Oregon,  and  Jonathan  H.  Rce.s,  of  Texas.  Edu- 
cated at  Denison  University,  0.  ;  ordained  as 
pastor  at  Huntington,  Ind.,  Jan.  16,  1848.  After 
two  years  he  became  general  agent  of  the  Indiana 
State  Association,  and  did  much  to  arouse  amission 
spirit ;  organized  and  served  the  Brookville  church, 
baptizing  many  converts,  until  1854,  when  health 
required  him  to  go  to  the  warmer  climate  of  Texas, 
where  he  taught  and  preached  ;  was  president  of 
the  Margaret  Houston  Female  College ;  held  pro- 
tracted meetings,  baptized  many  converts :  and  in 
1859  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  preaching  on 
the  journey.  During  twenty  years  he  has  given 
himself  to  mission  work,  laboring  almost  alone  in 
the  .San  Joaquin  Valley,  raising  up  several  Baptist 
churches,  and  training  them  for  future  pastors. 
He  IS  the  inventor  of  a  patent  which  promises  fine 
pecuniary  returns,  which  he  has  dedicated  to  home 
and  foreign  missions,  and  the  endowment  of  a  Bap- 
tist paper  on  the  Pacific  coast.  His  residence  is 
Merced.  Cal. 

Rees,  Rev.  George  Evans,  was  bom  near 
Ilaverford-West,  South  Wales,  in  the  year  1845 ; 


REESE 


965 


REEVES 


was  baptized  at  Peiiiliroke  Dock  in  the  eighteenth 
year  of  his  age;  studied  at  Bristol  College,  Eng- 
land, under  the  presidency  of  Rev.  F.  W.  Gotch, 
LL.D. ;  settled  in  liis  first  pastorate  at  Truro,  Corn- 
wall, England,  and  remained  more  than  three  years 
and  a  half.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in  June, 
1872,  and  soon  after  accepted  a  call  to  the  Taher- 


REV.  GEORGE    EVANS    REES. 

nacle  church,  Philadelphia,  in  which  field  of  labor 
he  still  continues  in  the  esteem  and  co-operation 
of  a  large  and  inSuential  membership.  He  is  also 
connected  with  the  l)oards  of  management  in  city 
and  State  mission  work.  Mr.  Rees  is  a  man  of 
genial  temperament  and  roliust  intellect,  and  a 
preacher  whose  words  are  spoken  with  great  clear- 
ness and  force.  The  blessing  of  God  has  rested 
upon  his  labors  in  an  unusual  measure. 

Reese,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Delaware  in 
1736.  His  father  came  to  .South  Carolina  during 
his  childhood.  He  was  for  many  years  pastor  of 
the  Congaree  church.  Ue  was,  in  a  great  measure, 
instrumental  in  the  revival  from  which  the  noted 
church,  High  Hills  of  Santee,  sprang.  The  people 
of  the  vicinity  had  been  singularly  careless  about 
religion,  until  their  interest  was  awakened  by  Mr. 
Reese,  and  greatly  increased  by  Dr.  Furman. 

He  was  in  feeble  health  for  years  before  his 
death.  "  His  last  attendance  at  church  was  about 
twelve  months  before  his  decease,  at  which  time, 
in  great  pain  and  weakness,  he  administered  the 
Lord's  .Supper." 

Reeves,  Rev.  James,  was  bom  in  Wilkes 
Co.,  Ga.,   in    17S3,   and  died    in   Carroll    County, 


April  6,  1858,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  most  decidedly  a  praying  man  and 
a  student  of  the  Bible.  From  his  ehtrance  into 
the  ministry  he  was  devoted  to  its  sacred  duties, 
and  gloried  in  being  a  pioneer  preacher.  He  re- 
moved successively  to  Jasper,  Butts,  and  Troup 
Counties,  following  the  tide  of  immigration,  and 
with  John  Wood  and  other  zealous  ministers 
planted  the  cross  in  what  was  then,  comparatively 
speaking,  a  wilderness.  Preaching  in  log  cabins 
and  under  temporary  arbors,  they  supplied  the 
people  with  Bibles  and  tracts,  and  established 
Sunday-schools  and  temperance  societies.  Some 
of  the  most  flourishing  churches  in  Troup  and  the 
adjoining  counties  were  estaljlisbcd  by  Reeves  and 
his  coadjutors.  In  those  days  the  anti-mission  war 
raged,  and  John  Reeves  was  one  of  the  firmest  de- 
fenders of  missions.  He  was  benevolent  and  ex- 
ceedingly punctual,  and  no  one  enjoyed  more  the 
confidence  of. those  who  knew  him.  To  the  very 
last  he  was  faithful  and  devoted,  old  age  neither 
dampening  his  ardor  nor  restraining  his  zeal,  and 
death  found  him  "  as  a  shock  of  corn  fully  ripe." 

Reeves,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  Sr.,  was  bom  in 
Halifax  Co.,  N.  C. :  brought  up  in  the  Episcopal 
Church;  his  painstaking  in  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge  gained  him  the  office  of  clerk,  whose 
business  it  was  to  assist  the  rector  in  public  ser- 
vice ;  but  upon  hearing  the  Baptists  preach  he 
entered  into  their  views  with  all  his  heart.  This 
was  a  source  of  deep  mortification  to  his  father, 
who  remarked,  '"Jerry,  I  am  the  more  astonished 
at  you,  seeing  you  have  labored  through  so  many 
difficulties  tu  inform  your  mind,  and  have  obtained 
more  knowledge  than  the  rest  of  the  family,  that 
you  should  now  turn  fool  and  follow  after  these 
bablders.''  Nevertheless.  Jerry  connected  himself 
with  a  Baptist  church  ou  Mars'  Fork  of  Haw  River 
before  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  removed  to 
Georgia  in  17iS4,  and  settled  in  Wilkes  County,  on 
the  Dry  Fork  of  Long  Creek,  and  was  among  the 
early  members  of  Sardis,  then  Hutton's  Fork 
church.  As  a  Christian,  he  was  zealous,  pious, 
and  devoted  ;  as  a  church  member,  he  was  con- 
stant, stable,  and  persevering ;  as  a  preacher,  he 
was  ardent  in  spirit  and  sound  in  the  faith  :  and 
as  a  man,  he  was  industrious,  courteous,  and  hon- 
oraVde. 

Mr.  Reeves  raised  a  fine  family  of  children,  most 
of  whon\  grew  to  maturity  and  became  useful 
Christians.  Four  of  them,  Malaclii,  Jeremiah, 
John,  and  .James,  became  ministers  of  the  gospel. 

Reeves,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Reeves.  Sr..  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1772,  and  removed  with  his  father  to  Georgia  in 
1784,  settling  in  Wilkes  County.  He  was  ordained 
a  deacon  in  ISOG.  and  set  apart  to  the  ministry  in 
1813.   He  labored  long  and  faithfully  in  the  north- 


REEVES 


966 


REID 


cast  part  of  Hie  State,  lieing  one  of  tlie  first  pioneers 
in  that  section,  aiding  in  the  constitution  uf  various 
churches.  In  sentiment  lie  was  strongly  mission- 
ary, and  encountered  some  persecution  on  account 
of  his  stern  advocacy  of  missionary  and  temperance 
principles.  He  vras  a  man  of  great  piety,  and  emi- 
nent for  his  devdtional  spirit  and  fur  promoting 
missions  in  the  Sarepta  Association,  lie  died  on 
the  27th  of  January.  18.37,  in  tlie  sixty-Kftli  year 
of  his  age. 

Reeves,  Rev.  John,  third  ministerial  son  of 
Jeremiah  Ueevcs,  wa«  born  in  Georgia  about  the 
year  \~'M,  and  wa>i  a  vory  useful  man  in  his  day. 

Reeves,  Rev.  Malachi,  son  of  Jeremiah  Reeves, 
Sr. ,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  N.  C,  about  the  year 
1770,  and  removed  with  his  father  to  Georgia  in 
1784.  Atmaturity  he  joined  the  church  at  Sardis, 
Wilkes  Co.,  and  was  introduced  into  the  ministry 
through  the  following  train  of  circumstances: 
About  the  year  ISOS  he,  in  company  with  his 
brother  Jeremiah  and  Pitt  Milner,  another  mem- 
ber of  the  church,  instituted  a  series  of  prayer- 
meetings  to  be  held  at  their  houses.  About  a  dozen 
attended  the  first  appointment,  and  it  was  agreed 
to  continue  the  meetings  so  long  as  one  dozen 
should  attend.  At  each  consecutive  meeting  a 
larger  number  was  in  attendance,  until  both  bouse 
and  yard  wore  full.  Soon  it  became  apparent  tliat 
the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  was  in  the  design,  and  for 
the  accommodation  of  an  anxious  multitude  the 
meeting-house  was  put  into  requisition.  Naturally 
such  an  attentive  multitude  of  in(|uirers  rendered 
necessary  the  reading  and  expounding  of  the  Scrip- 
tures and  exhortation,  in  which  exercises  Malachi 
Reeves  took  the  lead,  and  soon  gained  for  himself 
the  title  of  preacher.  Pitt  Milner  was  called  the 
exborter,  whilst  Jeremiah  Reeves,  Jr..  was  called 
the  praying  man,  on  account  of  the  fervor  of  liis 
petitions. 

From  this  commencement  a  glorious  revival  en- 
sued, and  about  100  were  added  to  the  church. 
The  Sardis  church  saw  fit  to  license  Malachi  Reeves 
to  preach,  which  was  done  in  1809,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  ordained  to  the  full  work  of  the 
ministry,  and  ever  afterwards,  to  his  death,  in 
18'3),  bo  |iroveii  a  good  and  useful  minister  of 
Christ,  greatly  beloved  by  all.  He  was  a  man  of 
good  natural  talents,  clear  judgment,  and  discrim- 
inating understanding. 

Reeves,  Rev.  Zachariah,  a  distinguished  pio- 
neer preacher  in  South  Mississippi,  was  born  in 
South  Carolina  in  1799;  came  to  I'ike  Co.,  Miss., 
in  1811;  began  to  preach  in  1832;  was  a  man  of 
great  power,  and  exerted  a  wide  influence  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  State  ;  planted  many  churches  ; 
and  was  for  twenty-four  years  moderator  of  the 
Mississippi  Association;  died  in  1871. 

Regent's  Park  College,  one  of  the  finest  edu- 


cational edifices  in  London,  Kngland,  is  the  home, 
of  the  Baptist  theological  seminary  furmerly  known 
as  Stepney  College,  which  was  founded  iu  1810, 
under  the  presidency  of  the  Kev.  AV.  Newman, 
D.D.  Since  the  removal  to  Regent's  Park,  in  18.56, 
lay  students  have  been  admitted,  and  the  institu- 
tion has  won  a  high  position  in  jiublic  esteem. 
The  Rev.  Joseph  Angus,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  has  been 
president  upwards  of  thirty  years.  In  commem- 
oration of  his  personal  worth  and  eminent  services 
to  the  Baptist  denomination  and  to  education,  the 
"  Angus  Lectureship"  has  been  founded  during  the 
present  year  (1880).  Regent's  Park  College  is 
aftiliatcd  to  the  University  of  London,  and  a  large 
number  of  students  have  graduated,  several  of 
whom  have  taken  high  honors  and  valuable  prizes. 
During  the  last  twenty  years  about  150,000  have 
been  contributed  by  friends  of  the  college  to  found 
scholai'ships.  More  than  .^OO  ministers  have  gone 
forth  from  the  college  to  lalior  in  dilferent  parts 
of  the  United  Kingdoin,  the  IJrifisb  colonies,  the 
United  States,  and  lieatlion  lands. 

Register,  The  Baptist  Annual.— This  work 
was  first  issued  in  1790,  in  London,  by  Dr.  John 
Rippon.  Until  this  period  the  Baptists  in  Europe 
and  America  were  destitute  of  any  organ.  The 
Recjister  had  articles  from  both  sides  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, and  it  was  a  creditable  forerunner  of  the  long 
list  of  periodicals  and  newspapers  that  now  give  a 
knowledge  of  our  doctrines  and  movements  to  mil- 
lions of  readers. 

Reid,  Judge  Jacob  P.,  dejiarted  this  life  Aug. 
19,  1880,  in  his  sixty-sixth  year.  He  was  solicitor 
of  the  western  circuit  of  South  Carolina  for  sixteen 
years,  and  was  accounted  one  of  the  ablest  in  the 
State.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
third  district,  but  was  not  permitted  to  take  his 
seat.  In  1874  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  first 
circuit,  and  served  with  great  ability  until  he 
resigned  the  position  in  1878. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Anderson  Baptist  church 
for  many  years.  He  was  a  man  of  much  force  of 
character,  and  of  great  liberality  and  public  spirit. 
The  influence  of  his  useful  life  will  long  survive 
him. 

Reid,  Rev.  Samuel  Ethelred,  of  African  de- 
scent, was  born  of  Baptist  parents  at  Browstown, 
Jamaica,  West  Indies,  May  22,  1840.  He  graduated 
at  Lady  Mico  Institution,  Kingston,  then  eng.aged 
in  mission  work.  He  removed  to  California  in 
1865;  preached  for  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Stockton,  four  years;  was  ordained  at  Stockton  in 
October,  1867,  and  had  marked  success.  Removing 
to  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  his  talent  and  integrity  led 
to  his  employment  in  a  responsible  position  in  one 
of  the  gold-mining  companies  of  that  city.  But  he 
preaches  frequently,  is  an  official  member  of  the 
church,  a  man  of  influence,  and  deeply  interested 


iUJiKiiiiiiiimirLjiii 


ili'iH5r;i3iii;:|i!»ii'HKiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiwiiiii.;iiiini'ii, 


ni.iiumg 


REID 


9G8 


UKLIUIOUS 


in  the  welfare  of  the  scattered  colored  Baptists  on 
the  Pacific  coast. 

Reid,  Rev.  T.  A.,  was  born  in  Hall  Co.,  Ga., 
March  'is,  1828.  He  stndieil  aiul  taught  alternately 
until  1853,  when  he  entered  Mercer  Univer.sity. 
That  great  and  good  man,  Jvev.  P.  H.  Mell,  D.D., 
entered  his  room  and  said,  "  I  and  my  wife  have 
determined  to  take  you  as  a  member  of  our  family 
and  incur  all  your  college  expenses."' 

\\v  had  long  felt  it  a  duty  to  preach,  and  soon  after 
going  to  Mercer  he  told  l>r.  Moll  of  his  desire,  ami 
soon  after  he  received  a  license. 

In  1856  the  Ilehobotli  Association  in  Georgia 
determined  to  send  him  as  a  missionary  to  Africa. 
He  and  his  wife  sailed  from  New  York  on  the  Tth 
of  August,  1S57.  and  landed  in  Africa  in  the  fol- 
lowing September.  In  1858  he  lost  liis  wife.  In 
loneliness,  in  perils  of  a  nativt  war,  and  amid  great 
privations,  he  still  labored  for  the  Master  in  Awyaw, 
the  capital  of  the  Yoruba  country.  In  1804  the 
feebleness  of  his  health  made  it  necessary  for  him 
to  return  to  his  native  country.  Having  spent  some 
time  in  England  he  landed  in  New  York.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  preached  in  South  Carolina  and  in 
other  States  with  acceptance,  waiting  till  the  board 
could  send  him  to  his  chosen  foreign  field.  The 
Ixiard,  however,  having  at  length  determined  not 
to  send  any  more  married  missionaries  to  Africa, 
as  he  was  now  married  a  second  time,  he  reluc- 
tantly gave  up  Africa,  and  he  is  now  preaching 
with  characteristic  zeal  and  success  at  Millway,  S.  C. 

Reid,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  in  1SI2.  His  parents  were  Presbyterians, 
but  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  baptized  by 
Kev.  James  Blair,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
of  which  he  was  pastor.  His  father  soon  after- 
wards also  united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  He 
was  licensed  by  the  church  to  preach.  In  his 
twentieth  year  he  came  to  the  United  States,  and 
engaged  in  secular  business;  but  by  the  advice  of 
friends  he  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  For  several  years  he  studied  in 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  at  Suffield.  He 
was  ordained  in  East  AVindsor  in  1839,  and  was 
first  settled  as  pastor  at  Wethersfield.  After  two 
years  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at 
Tariffville.  During  this  settlement  of  five  years 
large  additions  were  made  to  the  church.  He  then 
became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Bridgeport,  where 
he  remained  nine  years  ;  then  he  took  charge  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  New  London,  where  he 
remained  eight  years.  He  was  then  pastor  at 
Green  Point,  Brooklyn,  four  years.  From  thence 
he  was  called  to  the  McDougal  Street  church  in 
New  York.  After  a  pastorate  of  several  years  he 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Herkimer  Street  church  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  all  these  settlements  he  met 
with  great  success. 


He  is  a  fluent,  calm,  deliberate  speaker,  showing 
clearly,  by  his  style  and  accent,  that  his  early  train- 
ing was  in  Scotland.  He  has  a  clear  head  and 
warm  heart.  Often  tlnre  is  a  grandeur  in  the 
sweep  of  his  thought  that  thrills  and  charms  his 
hearers.  As  a  Baptist,  he  is  conservative,  ami 
eminently  sound  in  the  faith  taught  by  the  fathers 
of  thi'  (lenomtnatinn. 

Reinhardt,  Rev.  J.  J.,  w-as  born  a  slave,  Aug. 
15,  1828,  in  Lawrence  Co.,  Miss.  ;  had  no  early 
.advantages  of  education.  He  made  use  of  all  the 
opportunities  which  came  in  his  way,  and  he  is 
now  prepared  to  study  any  book  in  the  English 
language.  He  has  given  some  attention  to  New 
Testament  Greek,  receiving  occasional  assistance 
and  advice  from  Rev.  R.  Andrews,  Jr.,  and  Kev. 
W.  C.  Crane.  D.D.,  LL.D.  He  was  born  from 
above  April  7,  1849,  and  was  licensed  and  encour- 
aged to  preach  to  his  race  in  the  summer  of  1849. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  full  work  of  the  gospel 
ministry  in  the  fall  of  1866.  He  has  baptized  300 
persons  in  Walker  County,  400  in  Grimes  County, 
200  in  Brazos  County,  400  in  Robertson  County,  60 
in  Houston  County,  100  in  Leon  County,  and  100 
in  Washington  County,  Texas;  total,  1560.  He 
has  been  pastor  of  21  churches,  all  organized  by 
his  agency,  with  such  help  as  he  could  procure. 
He  now  resides  at  Navasota,  and  is  pastor  of  two 
churches.  He  has  held  three  offices, — 1.  Supervisor 
of  public  schools  for  Grimes,  Walker,  Madison,  and 
San  Jacinto  Counties ;  2.  School  director  for  Grimes 
County  ;  3.  Alderman  for  the  city  of  Navasota  for 
five  years.  At  present  he  holds  no  office  except 
that  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  is  a  man  of 
fine  natural  sense,  clear  and  soutid  judgment,  using 
good  language  in  expressing  his  ideas,  and  com- 
manding the  respect  and  confidence  of  both  the 
white  and  colored  races.  In  the  councils  of  his 
people  he  holds  a  high  rank,  and  is  exerting  a 
healthful  spiritual  inliuence  in  the  community 
where  he  resides. 

Reinhart,  President  H.  W.,  was  bom  in  Char- 
lottesville, Va.,  July  4,  1833;  graduated  in  a  num- 
ber of  the  schools  of  the  University  of  Virginia;  was 
baptized  by  Dr.  Jeter  ;  has  taught  twenty-four  years 
in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  in  Albenmrle 
Military  Institute,  Richmond  College,  Roanoke 
Female  College,  as  eo-principal  with  Rev.  J.  B. 
Lake,  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.  ;  came  to  Yancey- 
ville,  N.  C,  in  1859;  served  as  captain  of  cavalry 
till  health  gave  way,  in  1864;  taught  in  Danville 
Va.,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  and  now  for  several  years  has 
been  president  and  proprietor  of  a  prosperous  female 
college  at  Thomasville,  N.  C.  Mr.  Reinhart  has 
never  been  ordained,  but  sometimes  preaches. 

Religious  Denominations  in  the  United 
States. — The  following  statistics  are  from  the 
"  Baptist  Year-Book  :" 


RELYEA 


969 


RENFROE 


Denominationa. 


AdventiBt 

Auti-Miaaiun  BAptiat 

Baptists 

Cbiirch  of  Gild.  Wiu^'bti'iiiiarmiia. 

Congregatiunjilisttt 

Disciplea,  ('aiiipliellitcs 

Episcupal,  Pnttpstuiit 

Episcopal,  Refot'lnei] 

FrpeWill  Baptists 

Friends 

Lutherans 

Metinniiites 

Methodist  Episcopal 

Methodist  Episcopal,  South ,, 

Methodist  Ejiiscopal,  Afrii-aTi 

Methodist  Episcopal,  Zioii  African. 

Methodist  Episcopal,  Colored 

Methodist  Evangelical  Associa- 
tion  

Methodist,  Free 

Methodist,  Independent 

Methodist.  Primitive 

Methodist  Protestant 

Methodist  Episco[ial  Union,  Amer- 
ican (colored) 

Methodist,  Wesle.van 

Moravian 

Presbyterian,  Cumberland 

Presbyterian,  North 

Presbyterian,  Reformed 

Preal-yterian,  Soutli 

Presbyterian,  United ' 

Reformed  Churchea  in  America 
(Dutch) 

Reformed  Churchea  in  United 
States  (German^ | 

Roman  Catholic  (said  to  be) 

Seventh-Day  Baptists 

Six-Principie  Baptists ! 

Tunkers 

United  Brethren ' 


Churches.! 


900 

26,OliO 

■KlO 

3,674 

2,36G 

2,996 

lA 

1,471 

8(XI 

5,697 

120 

17,111 


75 
2,000 
6,4«9 

153 
1,928 

798 

610 

1,374 

6,920 

84 

2U 

500 

3,079 


Minia- 
te ra. 


120 

400 
16,.''i96 

350 
3,536 
2,000 
3,4;i5 

100 
1,294 

"3,225 

90 

11,811 

3,867 

1,418 

1,5U0 

638 

893 

271 

24 

196 

1,314 

101 

25U 

5,044 
12s 

1,000 
625 

54o 

714  , 

4,873 

80 

12 

1,200 

2,196 


Membeni. 


10,000 

4(  1,000 
2,296,327 

30,000 

382,920 

3611,000 

345,841 

5,(100 

74,851 
100,000 
712.240 

20,00f> 
♦1,723,147 
828,301 
2I4,S08 
190,900 
112,300 

112,197 
12,642 
12,.650 
3,210 

113,405 

2,560 
25,000 
9,212 
100,01111 
578,671 
10.250 
120,028 
77,414 

80,208 

151,761 

t6,000,000 

8,548 

2,000 

511,000 

157,835 


Renfroe,  J.  J.  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  Ala.,  Aug.  30,  1830.  He  was  baptized 
by  A.  N.  Worthy,  Aug.  30,  1848;  ordained  at 
Cedar  Bluff  in  1S!52.     The  earlier  veiir.-t  of  his  life 


*  Including  179.029  members  on  probation, 
f  Entire  Roman  Catholic  population. 

Relyea,  Rev.  S.  S.,  was  bom  in  New  York 
in  1822  ;  spent  two  years  at  Waterville  CnUegc, 
Me.,  and  graduated  at  New  York  City  University 
in  1846,  and  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1849.  After  filling  a  number  of  prominent  pastor- 
ates in  New  York  he  removed  to  Mi-ssissippi,  and 
subsequently  to  Louisiana,  where  be  was  actively 
employed  in  teaching  and  preaching;  nine  years 
in  charge  of  Silliman  Institute,  Clinton,  La.  ;  eight 
years  at  Woodland  Institute,  East  Feliciana  Parish, 
La.  Subsequently  he  returned  to  Mississippi,  and 
became  connected  with  a  school  at  McComb  City, 
Miss.,  and  associate  editor  of  the  Sdiithern  Hap/ixl. 
He  died  in  1877.  He  left  a  manuscript  work  on 
church  polity. 

Remick,  Rev.  Timothy,  was  born  in  Kittcry, 
Me.,  Sept.  30,  1775  ;  was  hopefully  converted  at  the 
age  of  twenty-three,  and  having  become  a  Baptist 
from  his  personal  study  of  the  Bible,  joined  the 
Baptist  church  in  I'arsontield,  Me.  Feeling  it  to 
be  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  commenced 
his  work  as  an  evangelist  in  the  neighborhood  in 
which  he  lived,  his  labors  being  followed  by  rich 
fruits.  He  was  ordained  in  Cornish,  Me.,  in  June, 
1804,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  place,  whore 
he  remained  the  rest  of  his  life.  His  ministry  was 
one  of  blessing  to  his  church  and  to  the  community 
in  which  he  lived  for  so  many  years.  He  died 
Dec.  27,  1850. 
62 


J.  .r.    D.    RENFROE,   II. D. 

were  spent  among  a  rude,  uncultured  people.  En- 
tering the  ministry  when  young,  with  great  difficul- 
ties in  his  pathway,  he  has  by  persistent  and  faithful 
effort  made  his  way  to  the  front  rank  of  preachers 
in  the  South.  During  the  first  years  of  his  min- 
istry he  was  eminently  successful  as  pastor  and 
preacher,  baptizing  large  numbers  into  the  various 
churches  in  Cherokee  and  Calhoun  Counties  of 
which  he  was  pastor.  While  diligently  engaged  in 
leading  sinners  to  Chri^,  he  was  earnest  and  ag- 
gressive in  his  defense  of  ■'  the  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints."  This  led  him  into  frequent  contro- 
versies with  ministers  of  other  denominations. 
The  results  of  these  conflicts  never  made  his 
brethren  blush  for  his  defeat,  but  his  almost  uni- 
form success  made  them  confident  when  their  cause 
had  been  committed  to  the  strong  young  pastor. 

Unusual  native  ability,  hard  study,  faithful,  effec- 
tive .service,  coniiiiaiided  the  attention  of  the  denomi- 
nation, and  on  the  1st  of  January,  18.58,  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Talladega. 
The  last  three  years  of  '"  the  war  between  the 
States"  he  spent  in  Virginia,  the  efficient  and  be- 
loved chaplain  of  a  regiment  in  the  Confederate 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Tal- 
ladega, resuming  his  pastorate.  The  beautiful 
brick  building  in  which  the  church  in  Talladega 
now  worships  is  a  lasting  monument  of  his  indomi- 


REKFROE 


970 


REPRXTANCE 


table  energy  and  untiring  zeal.  He  is  still  the 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Talladega,  enjoying  the 
unquestioning  confidence  and  deepest  Christian 
affection  of  the  entire  membership. 

His  practical,  pointed,  and  able  contributions  to 
various  religious  porindicais  dining  alu'.ost  the  en- 
tire term  of  his  public  life  have  given  him  a  wide 
reputation,  and  made  him  a  power  in  the  denom- 
ination. The  current  questions  of  the  day  always 
command  his  attention,  and  he  is  ever  ready  to 
defend  the  tenets  of  his  diurch. 

In  187J  Howard  College  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

To  him  more  than  to  any  other  is  due  the  credit 
of  inaugurating  the  State  mission  work  in  Alabama. 
When  almost  all  were  oppose<l  he  stood  firm,  and 
contended  earnestly  for  what  he  conceived  tc  Ijp  best. 
Results  have  demonstrated  his  wisdom  and  rewarded 
him  for  all  the  efforts  made  in  this  direction. 

Dr.  Renfroe  is  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  with 
courage  to  follow  wherever  they  lead  without  hesi- 
tation and  witliout  wavering.  An  humble  man  of 
God,  who  has  spent  his  life  and  sacrificed  himself 
in  the  service  of  his  Master. 

The  latter  years  of  his  life  have  been  made  bitter 
by  severe  bereavements  and  affliction.  Amid  re- 
jieated  sore  troubles  and  hard  trials,  rapidly  recur- 
ring, he  has  made  it  manifest  that  he  is  a  trusting 
child  of  God,  a  good  servant  of  Christ,  who  can 
endure  hardness  as  a  good  siddier  of  the  Cross. 

To-day  no  minister  in  Alabama  occupies  a  larger 
or  more  tender  place  in  the  affections  of  his  breth- 
ren, no  man  has  more  of  the  confidence  .and  respect 
of  the  denomination  to  which  he  belongs. 

Renfroe,  Rev.  KT.  D.,  was  l)orn  in  Macon  Co., 
Ala.,  Oct.  7,  1S:'.3  ;  united  with  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  R.  Hand  in  1848  ; 
educated  in  the  Cedar  Bluff  Academy  and  in  Union 
University,  Tenn.  ;  spent  four  years  in  the  uni- 
versity under  Rev.  J.  AV.  Eaton,  LL.D..  also  took 
the  theological  course  under  Rev.  J.  M.  Pendle- 
ton, D.D. :  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Jacksonville,  Ala.,  in  1859,  where  he  manifested 
superior  tact  as  a  young  pastor,  and  far  more  than 
ordinary  ability  as  a  preacher  ;  entered  the  Con- 
federate service  at  the  opening  of  the  war,  and  was 
killed,  in  command  of  his  company,  in  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  Dec.  13,  1S(')2.  From  child- 
hood he  was  distinguished  fur  the  purity  of  his 
per.sonal  character,  and  after  becoming  a  Christian 
his  life  was  nearly  faultless.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  popular,  and  growing  in  popularity 
in  the  army  as  a  soldier,  as  an  officer,  and  as  a 
minister,  for  he  frequently  preached  to  his  com- 
rades. AV'hen  on  the  march,  when  in  hard  service, 
when  in  need,  and  when  anj'  were  sick,  he  was  con- 
stantly w.itchful  for  them  and  tender  of  their  inter- 
ests, though'  rigid  in  duty.     After  he  fell  the  Rev. 


Dr.  Henilerson  edited  a  tract  of  sixteen  pages  on 
his  life,  entitled  "  The  Model  Confederate  Soldier,"' 
which  was  published  in  thousands  by  the  Virginia 
Tract  .Society,  and  circulated  among  the  siddiers: 
it  consisted  mainly  of  articles  wliich  appeared  in 
the  papers  aljuut  him.  He  was  one  of  the  purest 
and  most  spotless  soldiers  in  the  Confederate  army. 
His  remains  were  carried  to  Alabama  and  buried 
in  Talladega,  where  his  elder  brother,  the  Rev.  J. 
J.  D.  Renfroe,  has  long  been  pastor.  Mr.  Renfroe 
was  twenty-nine  years  okl.  anii  unmarried. 

Repentance  is  indispensable  to  the  blotting  out 
of  our  sins  and  to  the  possession  of  that  iioliness 
without  which  no  man  shall  see  the  Lord.  It  was 
frequently  on  the  lips  of  John  the  Baptist,  and  of 
the  Saviour  and  his  apostles,  and  it  should  be  in 
the  heart  of  every  member  of  Adam's  guilty  race. 

Repentance  is  not  merely  fear  for  Goils  anger, 
coming  from  a  consciousness  of  our  guilt.  The 
five  fooli.sh  virgins,  when  death  came,  were  filled 
with  apprehensions  in  view  of  meeting  God,  and 
they  immediately  sought  pardon,  and  failed  to  find 
it  because  the  Saviour  knew  notliing  about  them  as 
penitent  persons. 

Repentance  is  not  mere  grief  for  the  consequences 
of  sin.  Esau  sold  his  birthright,  and  for  an  insig- 
nificant price  he  gave  up  the  honor  of  being  the 
father  of  the  coming  Messiah,  of  many  kings,  and 
of  a  great  historic  nation,  stretching  over  thousands 
of  years  of  human  history.  AVhen  he  came  to  see 
the  full  measure  of  his  folly,  he  was  filled  witli 
bitter  grief  for  the  consequences  of  his  sin.  So 
are  convicts  in  view  of  the  scaffold,  and  so  are  hosts 
of  men  drawing  near  the  eternal  world  who  have 
never  repented. 

Repentance  is  not  despair  in  view  of  some  great 
wrong  which  the  soul  has  committed.  Jndas  was 
guilty  of  an  act  of  atrocious  baseness  in  betraying 
Jesus  for  thirty  pieces  of  silver.  He  evidently  had 
no  idea  that  the  Jews  intended  to  proceed  to  such 
extreme  measures  with  his  late  Master,  though  he 
knew  full  well  that  they  wanted  to  perpetrate  some 
outrage  upon  him.  And  when  he  learned  that 
Jesus  was  condemned  to  be  crucified  he  was  filled 
with  maddening  despair  and  he  destroyed  himself 
He  seems  to  have  had  no  regret  for  any  other  sin 
of  his  hypocritical  and  dishonest  life.  He  solicited 
no  pardon.  He  was  simply  overwhelmed  with  a 
consciousness  of  his  great  guilt  in  betraying  the 
sinless  Redeemer  to  a  violent  and  cruel  death. 
The  Saviour  says  about  this  fal.se  apostle,  "  Woe 
unto  that  man  by  whom  the  Son  of  man  is  be- 
trayed ;  it  had  been  good  for  that  man  if  lie  had  not 
been  born."'  The  fierce  anguish  of  his  soul  was 
not  repentance  for  his  great  sin,  nor  for  any  other 
of  his  iniquities  :  it  had  no  appeals  for  mercy  in  it, 
and  the  man  was  abandoned  by  his  fellows  and  by 
himself  as  worthy  to  feel  forever  in  his  soul  the 


REPENTANCE 


971 


RESURRECTION 


woe  pronounced  by  Jesus  upon  him  by  whom  the 

Son  of  man  was  betrayed.  In  many  similar  cases 
of  despair,  and  sometimes  of  suicide,  tliere  has  been 
no  repentance,  no  supplication,  and  no  forjiiveness. 
It  is  a  delusion  to  suppose  that  agonizing  despair 
for  sFn  is  that  repentance  which  secures  salvation. 

Repentance  li.as  nothing  in  common  with  Catholic 
penance.  Fastings,  flagellations,  hairy  garments 
to  sting  the  skin,  and  other  forms  of  penance  are 
foreign  to  the  nature  of  gospel  repentance.  When 
it  is  said,  "  Repent  ye  therefore,  and  be  converted, 
that  your  sin  may  be  blotted  out,"  we  are  not  to 
imagine  that  Peter  enjoins  any  penance,  any  phys- 
ical application  to  secure  the  removal  of  our  in- 
iquities. 

Repentance  is  a  change  of  mind  or  purpose. 
This  is  the  meaning  of  fteruvoia.  the  Greek  word 
translated  repentance  in  the  New  Testament. 
There  is  implied  in  it  sorrow  for  unbelief  and  sin, 
and  a  turning  from  them  unto  God.  Until  a  man 
repents  he  commonly  feels  comfortable  about  him- 
self and  his  ways;  but  when  the  Saviour,  thmugh 
the  Spirit,  gives  him  repentance  he  changes  his 
mind  about  himself,  and  seeing  nothing  good  in 
his  heart  or  in  his  works,  his  whole  soul  cries  out, 
"  Lord,  be  merciful  to  me  a  sinner." 

Repentiince  is  a  change  of  mind  about  God's  re- 
lations to  the  soul.  Before  its  existence  in  the  heart 
the  unbeliever  feels  as  if  Jehovah  had  little,  if  any- 
thing, to  ilo  with  him  or  his  acts.  When  the  Spirit 
gives  him  penitential  light  he  sees  immediately  that 
every  sin  against  himself  or  others  is  a  crime 
against  God.  And  his  soul,  as  he  considers  each 
transgression,  is  ready  to  cry  out  before  the  Lord, 
"Against  thee,  thee  only  have  I  sinned,  and  done 
this  evil  in  thy  sight."  Before  he  repents  the  jus- 
tice of  God  seems  to  him  vei-y  pure,  but  distant, 
and  in  a  large  measure  powerless.  When  he  is 
iirst  illuminated  by  the  Spirit  the  justice  of  God 
appears  to  him  to  be  the  most  .active  attribute  of 
Jehovah,  and  he  is  certain  that  it  must  lie  satisfied 
before  his  conscience  can  enjoy  rest.  This  change 
of  mind  is  instantly  attended  by  a  change  of  heart, 
and  like  the  prodigal  loathing  his  husks,  the  pen- 
itent abhors  his  sins,  ami  his  whole  suul  turns  from 
them.  Repentance  is  always  accompanied  by  a  con- 
viction that  the  soul  is  in  a  lost  condition.  "  How 
many  hired  servants  of  my  father,"  saith  the  prod- 
igal, "  have  bread  enough  and  to  spare,  and  I  perish 
with  hunger?"  The  penitent  alw.iys  desires  to  go 
to  the  Saviour  after  receiving  the  heaven-given 
*■  change  of  mimi."  The  decision  of  his  soul  is, 
"I  will  arise  and  go  to  my  father."  .\s  the  pen- 
itent man  thinks  of  his  wasted  life,  of  the  privileges 
he  has  abused,  of  the  Redeemer  against  whom  he 
has  madly  fought,  of  his  numerous  and  aggravated 
iniquities,  his  heart  is  filled  with  grief,  it  is  a  broken 
and  a  contrite  heart,  and  he  feels  resolved  that 


nothing  shall  keep  him  from  Jesus.     And  nothing 

can ;  the  unchanging  .Spirit  who  has  commenced 
the  work  of  saving  his  soul,  by  giving  it  repentance, 
will  never  cease  his  loving  toils  till  the  .soul  rejoices 
in  the  dazzling  light  of  the  day  of  Christ  in  heaven. 
Repentance  never  saved  a  soul  by  its  merits:  it 

I  lays  the  needful  foundation  for  the  temple  of  faith 

,  in  the  heart.  But  all  the  penitential  sorrows  of 
Adam's  family  would  not  remove  one  faint  stain 
of  sin.  If  a  man  borrowed  five  thousand  dollars, 
f  >r  which  he  gave  security,  and  squandered  it  most 

i  foolishly,  and  afterwards,  filled  with  true  repent- 
ance, he  solicited  and  expected  the  forgivenness 
of  the  debt  because  he  was  sorry  for  it.  the  spend- 
thrift would  only  meet  with  contempt  in  his  appli- 
cation ;  his  sureties  would  have  to  pay  the  money. 
Faith  alone  in  the  Crucified  cleanses  from  all  sin, 
and  repentance  is  God's  instrumentality  for  load- 
ing the  sinner  to  the  Lamb  of  God,  the  Great  Re- 
mover of  sin. 

Restoration. — It  is  the  privilege  and  duty  of 
every  Baptist  church  to  restore  to  its  fellowship 
any  of  its  own  fallen  members  who  lament  and 
renounce  their  backslidings.  When  an  excluded 
and  reclaimed  brother  seeks  restoration  to  church 
relations  in  a  strange  church,  it  has  a  right  to  re- 
ceive him  oh  the  bro.ad  ground  of  the  independ- 
ency of  Baptist  churches,  but  this  right  should  be 
exercised  with  prudence.  Our  churches  owe  each 
other  fraternal  courtesy  in  matters  of  discipline  as 
well  as  in  other  things ;  and,  as  a  consequence,  many 
of  our  Associations  have  a  resolution  declaring  that 
the  churches  composing  them  will  respect  each 
others  discipline,  and  all  of  them  have  an  under- 
standing of  kindred  import. 

It  is  desirable,  therefore,  in  every  case,  that  the 
excluded  person  should  be  restored  by  the  church 
which  expelled  him  from  its  membership.  But  as 
he  sometimes  has  decided  and  well-founded  objec- 
tions to  connect  himself  with  his  former  friends, 
the  church  of  his  new  choice  should  gain  their 
concurrence  to  his  restoration,  if  possible  ;  and  fail- 
ing, and  thoroughly  satisfied  of  the  piety  of  the 
applicant  and  of  the  justice  of  his  objections,  they 
may  call  a  council,  and  receive  him  on  its  recom- 
mendation,— if  it  is  an  important  case  this  is  the 
wiser  course, — or  they  can  admit  him  to  their  fel- 
lowship without  any  external  advice. 

It  is  extremely  desirable  that  Baptist  churches 
should  act  in  harmony  in  everything:  but  it  is  of 
great  importance  that  no  disciple  of  Jesus  should 
sufl'er  wrongfully. 

Resurrection,  The,  was  one  of  the  chief  ele- 
ments in  apostolic  preaching.  Wherever  Paul 
went  in  his  missionary  journeys  he  proclaimed 
Jesus  and  the  resurrection, — the  complete  redemp- 

I  tion  of  .soul  and  body  by  the  Saviour's  cross.  The 
doctrine  of  the  resurrection  was  one  of  the  great 


RKsriiRKCTIOX 


972 


REVIFAV 


agencies  in  making  the  oivrlv  Cliristians  fearless 
of  bodily  danixer  and  death.  As  the  flames,  the 
sword,  or  the  wild  beasts  threatened  them,  they 
felt  confident  that  the  body  would  spring  from  the 
dust  of  death  with  immortal  vitality,  and  in  the 
wondrous  glory  which  the  Saviour's  body  wore 
when  he  took  his  place  in  paradise,  and  they  were 
ready  to  defy  deatli  in  its  most  hideous  forms,  and 
bid  it  welcome  in  any  situation.  We  can  scarcely 
conceive  the  extraordinary  joy  which  the  resurrec- 
tion gave  Christ's  first  followers;  the  cross  with 
its  fierce  agonies,  its  ghastly  death,  its  darkened 
sun,  its  rent  rocks,  its  cleansing  blood,  its  intense 
love,  and  the  hopes  which  it  kindled  in  the  be- 
liever's heart,  was  only  a  little  dearer  to  primitive 
Christians  than  the  resurrection.  They  loved  to 
think  of  the  bursting  graves,  of  the  saints  in  glori- 
fied bodies,  of  routed  and  conquered  death,  of  per- 
secutions, diseases,  and  the  decay  of  years  crushed  ; 
of  the  saintly  victims  of  infuriated  soldiers  invested 
with  spiritual  and  glorious  bodies.  To  them  the 
cross  was  the  fountain  of  all  blessedness,  and  the 
resurrection  the  richest  stream  of  hope  that  flowed 
from  the  cross. 

They  refused  to  continue  the  word  sopuKdire  (a 
place  of  concealment)  as  a  designation  for  the  rest- 
ing-place of  a  deail  believer :  they  used  the  word 
cemeteries  (xoi/ii/r^pia).  that  is,  dormitories,  to  de- 
scribe the  scenes  where  the  holy  dead  were  sleep- 
ing, until  the  trumpet  of  the  archangel  should  b.an- 
ish  their  slumbers  and  arouse  their  bodies  from  the 
sleep  of  years  or  ages. 

In  the  ordinance  of  baptism  there  is  a  distinct 
announcement  of  the  resurrection  as  well  as  of 
death  and  burial.  Paul  says.  "  Therefore  we  are 
buried  with  him  by  baptism  into  death :  that  like 
as  Christ  was  raised  up  from  the  dead  by  the  glory 
of  the  Father,  even  so  we  also  shouhl  walk  in  new- 
ness of  life.  For  if  we  have  been  planteii  together 
in  the  likeness  of  his  death  (in  the  baptismal  im- 
mersion), we  shall  be  also  in  the  likeness  of  his 
resurrection"  (by  rising  up  from  the  waters  of  bap- 
tism).— Rom.  vi.  4,  5.  Paul  uses  baptism  as  an 
argument  in  favor  of  the  resurrection.  "  Else  what 
shall  they  do  who  are  baptized  for  the  dead  (who 
profess  faith  in  the  resurrection  of  the  dead  by  the 
very  form  of  baptism),  if  the  dead  rise  not  at  all'? 
why  are  they  then  baptized  for  the  dead?'' — 1  Cor. 
XV.  29.  That  is.  "  Why  does  baptism  proclaim  the 
resurrection  of  the  dead  if  there  is  no  such  thing?" 
Just  as  the  Lord's  Supper  shows  the  wounds  and 
blood  of  Jesus,  so  l)aptism  teaches  the  resurrection 
of  the  dead. 

The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  s.ay?,  "  At 
the  last  day  such  of  the  saints  as  are  found  alive 
shall  not  sleep,  but  be  changed,  and  all  the  dead 
shall  be  raised  up  with  the  self-same  bodies,  and 
none  other,  although  with  different  qualities,  which 


shall  be  united  again  to  their  souls  forever.  The 
bodies  of  the  unjust  shall,  by  the  power  of  Christ, 
be  raised  to  dishonor;  the  bodies  of  the  just,  by 
his  Spirit,  unto  honor,  and  be  made  conformable 
to  his  own  glorious  body."    (Article  XXXIII.  2,  3.) 

The  resurrection  body,  as  the  Confession  says, 
will  have  "different  qualities  ";  in  fact,  the  quali- 
ties are  just  the  opposite  of  the  body  deposited  in 
the  grave:  "it  is  sown  in  corruption,  it  is  raised 
in  incorruption ;  it  is  sown  in  dishonor,  it  is  raised 
in  glory  ;  it  is  sown  in  weakness,  it  is  raised  in 
power;  it  is  sown  a  natural  (animal)  body,  it  is 
raised  a  spiritual  liodi/." — 1  Cor.  xv.  4'2— 14.  This 
resurrection  biidy  will  be  a  wondorful  structure, 
entirely  unlike  any  other  luiniiln  body  except  the 
one  now  w^orn  by  the  Saviour  in  the  heavens. 
Paul's  idea  seems  to  be  that  as  a  grain  of  wheat 
planted  in  the  earth  has  a  germ  of  life  in  it,  which 
makes  a  stalk  and,  in  due  time,  grains  of  wheat 
exactly  like  itself,  so  from  the  huuian  body,  at  the 
resurrection,  shall  spring  up  a  spiritual  body,  with 
every  feature  of  the  "  natural"  body  once  deposited 
in  the  grave,  but  with  wholly  "  difl'erent  qualities." 
A  distinguished  Baptist  clergyman,  commenting  on 
Paul's  resurrection  theory  in  the  fifteenth  chapter 
of  the  first  epistle  ti>  the  Corinthians,  says,  "As 
the  wheat  germ  controls  the  form,  not  the  material, 
of  the  plant,  so,  as  to  its  form,  though  not  its 
material,  will  the  germ  of  each  human  body,  fash- 
ioned alike  in  infancy,  youth,  maturity,  and  decay, 
produce  for  itself  its  own  body," — that  is,  a  body 
exactly  like  the  one  smitten  by  death,  and  reduced 
to  dust  by  the  grave.  This  sublime  victory  over 
death  and  the  grave  fills  the  apostle  with  jubilant 
exultation,  and  inspires  rapture  in  the  heart  of 
the  intelligent  and  devout  Christian.  When  Pha- 
raoh proposed  to  Moses  to  let  the  children  of  Israel 
ilepart  on  condition  that  they  should  leave  their 
flocks  and  herds  in  Egypt,  Moses  replied,  "Our 
cattle  also  shall  go  with  us ;  there  shall  not  a  hoof 
be  left  behind.  "  So  our  redemption  shall  be  com- 
pleted by  the  recovery  of  the  whole  man,  both  soul 
and  body,  from  the  havoc  of  sin,  the  blows  of  the 
Destroyer,  an<l  the  power  of  the  grave;  there  shall 
not  an  atom  of  the  man  be  left  behind. 

.Some  believe  that  there  will  be  two  resurrec- 
tions at  distinct  periods  of  time,  the  "dead  in 
Christ  rising  first''  (1  Thess.  iv.  16),  "obtaining  a 
better  resurrection''  (Ileb.  xi.  35),  and  enjoying 
the  apocalyptic  benediction,  "  Blessed  and  holy  is 
he  that  hath  part  in  the  first  resurrection"  (Rev. 
XX.  6)  ;  but  the  object  of  this  article  forbids  us  to 
treat  of  the  second  resurrection  in  this  place.  It 
is  proper  to  state  that  the  doctrine  is  held  by  not  u 
few  Baptists,  .among  whom  there  are  men  of  unsur- 
passed piety  and  intelligence. 

Review,  The  Christian,  was  commenced  in 
1836.     The  design  w.is  to  make  it  a  literary  and 


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religious  fjuarterly,  which,  under  its  varying  for- 
tunes, and  lately  under  the  name  of  the  Bajithl 
Quarterly,  it  always  has  heen,  with  the  exception 
of  a  brief  period,  when  it  was  issued  bi-monthly. 
Prof.  J.  D.  Knowles  was  its  first  editor,  and  con- 
tinued such  to  the  time  of  his  death,  when  I'ev. 
Dr.  Sears  took  charge  of  the  editorial  department, 
his  connec'tinn  with  it  dating  from  the  second  num- 
ber of  the  third  volume.  Tiiis  relation  continued 
until  the  close  of  the  .sixth  Tolume,  when  it  pa.ssed 
into  the  hands  of  Rev.  Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  where  it 
remained  to  the  end  of  volume  thirteen.  The 
fourteenth  volume  was  edited  by  Rev.  E.  G.  Sears. 
Rev.  Dr.  S.  S.  Cutting,  with  several  assistant  edi- 
tors, carried  it  to  volume  eighteenth,  and  Rev.  Dr.s. 
Turnbull  and  Murdoch  to  volume  twenty-first.  Rev. 
J.  J.  Woolsey  was  the  editor  of  the  twenty-first 
volume,  and  Rev.  Drs.  Wilson  and  Taylor  editors 
of  the  next  three  volumes.  Dr.  E.  G.  Robinson 
wa-s  its  next  editor,  and  had  the  charge  of  the  next 
four  volumes,  bringing  it  down  to  18f>.3,  when  it 
was  merged  into  the  Bililiuihcia  Sana,  with  Dr. 
Sears  as  one  of  the  editors.  The  union  of  the  two 
periodicals  continued  for  one  year,  when  it  ceased, 
and  the  Baptist  Quarter!;/  occupied  the  position 
which  the  Christian  Reriew  had  held,  as  the  sole 
organ  of  its  kind  in  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
this  country. 

"The  Review,"  says  Rev.  Dr.  Orowell,  to  whom 
we  are  indebted  for  the  above  facts,  "  h.is  main- 
tained a  highly  respectable  position  among  the 
literary  and  theological  quarterlies  of  the  day.  It 
has  been  an  able  exponent  of  Bapti-st  principles, 
though  catholic  in  its  tone."  It  has  added  some 
23,0ljl)  pages  to  the  permanent  literature  of  Amer- 
ican Baptists. 

It  seems  unnecessary  to  mention  the  names  of  its 
contributors,  as  they  include  those  who  will  be  rec- 
ognized as  leading  Baptist  scholars  and  divines, 
and  some  who  are  not  Baptists,  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  country. 

Revolution,  The,  and  the  Baptists.— When 

tlie  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  in  1778,  forbade 
the  return  of  ,311  public  enemies  to  their  govern- 
ment, the  historian  Backus,  who  was  acquainted 
with  the  facts,  declares  that  not  one  of  them  was  a 
Baptist.  (Church  History,  p.  196.  Philadelphia.) 
In  Sabine's  '"  History  of  American  Loyalists" 
(Tories),  with  its  3200  brief  biographies,  we  find 
4()  clergymen  of  one  denomination,  6  of  another,  3 
of  another,  and  but  1  Baptist  minister.  This  was 
Morgan  Edwards,  a  man  of  great  genius  and  worth, 
who  was  born  in  the  Old  World,  and  who  failed  to 
honor  the  patriotism  of  the  Baptists  of  his  natire 
country  by  adopting  it.  We  can  discover  no  lay- 
man in  Sabine's  list  who  was  a  Baptist.  Chris- 
topher Sower,  of  Germantown,  Pa.,  is  represented 
by   .Sabine  as  a  German   Baptist  minister  and  a 


Tory.  Sower  was  a  printer  and  bookseller,  and 
unbound  Bibles  belonging  to  him,  because  of  his 
loyalty  to  King  George,  furnished  cartridge-paper 
for  the  Continental  troops  at  the  battle  of  German- 
town.  Sower  was  not  a  Baptist,  but  a  member  of 
a  respectable  German  community  that  has  no  rela- 
tions witli  the  Baptists. 

In  the  work  of  the  Tory  exile.  Judge  Curwen, 
of  Salem,  Mass.,  there  are  the  names  of  '.126  per- 
sons who  fled  from  Boston  with  Gen.  Howe  when 
he  sailed  for  Halifax  ;  there  are  also  the  names  of 
many  others  who  left  their  country  by  the  persua- 
sion of  State  laws,  committees  of  safety,  or  their 
own  just  fears.  Among  these  are  persons  of  all 
occupations,  and  of  all  positions  in  colonial  society. 
46  clergymen  keeping  them  in  company.  In  this 
singular  work  (Curwen's  "  Journal  and  Letters." 
Boston,  1864.  Written  in  England,  while  its  author 
was  living  on  British  alms),  in  which  are  the  names 
of  many  American  Tories,  the  gossiping  ex-judge 
treats  of  literature,  war,  politics,  theatres,  and  the- 
tiln/)/,  but  no  hint  is  given  that  one  of  the  Tories 
mentioned  in  it  was  a  Baptist.  Nor  can  we  learn 
from  other  sources  that  any  of  them  inflicted  such 
a  ilisgrace  upon  us. 

President  John  Adams,  in  some  respects  an 
enemy  of  the  Baptists,  gives  our  people  credit  for 
bringing  Delaware  from  the  gulf  of  Toryism  to  the 
platform  of  patriotism.  And  he  charges  the  dis- 
loyalty of  her  people  on  '"  the  missionaries  of  the 
English  Episcopal  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Faith."  (Life  and  Works,  by  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  vol.  X.  p.  812.) 

George  Washington,  in  his  reply  to  the  "Com- 
mittee of  the  Virginia  Baptist  Churches,"'  which 
expressed  to  biin  grave  doubts  about  the  security 
of  religious  liberty  under  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  just  adopted,  .said,  "  I  recollect  with 
satisfaction  that  the  religious  society  of  which  you 
are  members  ba.s  been  throughout  America,  iiHi- 
fiirmtij  and  nimcist  unanimously,  the  firm  friends 
of  civil  liberty,  and  the  persevering  promoters  of 
our  glorious  Revolution."  (Writings  of  George 
Washington,  Sparks,  vol.  xii.  154-.')5.  Boston.) 
With  such  a  testimony  from  the  noblest  patriot  of 
the  whole  human  race,  we  may  well  bless  God  for 
our  religious  ancestry,  who  were  among  the  most 
active  iiuilders  of  our  country's  great  temple  of 
liberty.  (See  articles  on  Virginia  Baptists  and 
THE  Revolution,  and  Rhode  Island  Baptists  and 
THE   Rf.voi.itiov.) 

Revolution,  The,  and  the  English  Baptists. 
— When  Robert  Hall,  the  future  great  preacher, 
was  a  little  boy,  he  beard  the  Rev.  John  Ryland, 
Baptist  minister  of  Northampton,  say  to  his  father, 
"  If  I  were  Washington  I  would  summon  all  the 
American  officers,  they  should  form  a  circle  around 
me.  and  I  would  address  them,  and  we  would  oflier 


REVOLUTION 


974 


R  EVOLUTION 


a  libation  in  our  own  blood,  nnd  I  would  order  one 
of  them  to  bring  a  laneet  and  a  punch-bowl,  and  we 
would  bare  our  arms  and  be  bled,  and  when  the 
bowl  was  full,  wtii'n  we  all  had  been  bled,  I  would 
call  on  every  man  to  consecrati'  himself  to  the  work 
by  dippino;  his  sword  into  the  bowl,  and  entering 
into  a  solemn  covenant  engagement  by  oath,  one  to 
another,  we  would  swear  by  him  that  sits  upon 
the  throne  and  liveth  for  ever  and  ever  that  we 
would  never  sheath  our  swords  while  there  was  an 
English  soldier  in  arms  remaining  in  America." 
(Robert  Halls  Works,  vol.  iv.  4S,  4'J.  Harper, 
N.  Y.) 

Dr.  John  Ilippon,  of  London,  in  a  letter  to  Presi- 
dent Manning,  of  Rhode  Island  College  (Brown 
University),  written  in  1784,  says,  "I  believe  all 
our  Baptist  ministers  in  town  (London)  except  two, 
and  most  of  our  brethren  in  the  country,  were  on 
the  side  of  the  Americans  in  the  late  dispute.  .  .  . 
We  wept  when  the  thirsty  plains  drank  the  blood 
of  your  departed  heroes,  and  the  shout  of  a  king 
was  amongst  us  when  your  well-fought  battles 
were  crowned  with  victory  ;  and  to  this  hour  we 
believe  that  the  independence  of  America  will  for 
a  while  secure  the  liberty  of  this  country.  But  if 
that  continent  had  been  reduced,  Britain  would  not 
have  been  long  free.''  (Backus's  History  of  the 
Baptists,  vol.  ii.  p.  I'J.S.  Newton.)  Dr.  Rippon  and 
John  Ryland  were  two  of  the  leading  Baptist  min- 
isters in  England  ;  and  there  is  no  diiubt  that  the 
spirit  of  our  brethren  in  England  was  in  liarmony 
with  these  noble  utterances,  with  a  few  insignifi- 
cant exceptions. 

Revolution,  The,  and  Rhode  Island  Bap- 
tists.—  liolcirc  the  llevolutiun  Kliudc  Islaiiil  was 
the  freest  colony  in  North  America,  or  in  the  his- 
tory of  our  race.  Her  founders  had  made  her  a  real 
republic  while  under  the  nominal  rule  of  a  king,  a 
government  with  which  there  could  be  no  legal  in- 
terference by  any  power  either  in  the  Old  World 
or  in  the  New.  Before  the  Revolution  Rhode 
Island  hail  no  viceroy,  and  the  king  had  no  veto  on 
her  laws.  In  1704,  Momprcsson,  chief  justice  of 
New  York,  wrote  Lord  Nottingham  that  "when 
he  was  in  Rhode  Island  the  people  acted  in  all 
things  as  if  they  were  outside  the  dominion  of  the 
crown.''  (Sabine's  American  Loyalists,  p.  1'). 
Boston,  1S47.)  Bancroft  justly  speaks  of  Rhode 
Island  at  the  Revolution  '•  as  enjoying  a  form  of 
government,  under  its  charter,  so  thoroughly  re- 
publican, that  no  change  was  required  beyond  a 
renunciation  of  the  king's  name  in  the  style  of  its 
public  acts.''  (History  of  the  United  States,  ix. 
261.)  As  Arnold  says,  Khodc  Island,  when  the 
United  States  Constitution  was  adopted,  ''  for  more 
than  a  century  and  a  half  had  enjoyed  a  freedom 
unknown  to  any  of  her  compeers.''  (History  of 
Rhode   Island,  ii.  563.)     In    the   Revolution    the 


little  colony  had  everything  to  lose  by  its  failure, 
and  nothing  in  liberty  to  gain  by  a  successful 
revolution. 

And  yet  the  colony  of  Roger  Williams  was  tin- 
most  enthusiastic  friend  of  the  Revolution  on  this 
sideof  the  Atlantic.  On  May  4,  1776,  Rliode  Island 
withdrew  from  the  sceptre  of  Great  Britain  :  this 
was  two  months  before  the  adoption  of  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence.  Scarcely  had  the  retreat- 
ing troops  of  Gen.  Gage  reached  Boston  when 
recruits  from  the  nearest  Rhode  Island  towns 
marched  to  the  Massachusetts  patriots  who  fought 
at  Lexington  and  Concord;  and  the  Legislature 
soon  after  voted  fifteen  hundred  men,  to  be  sent  to 
the  scene  of  danger.  When  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence was  read  in  Providence,  Newjjort,  and 
East  Greenwich,  it  called  forth  outbursts  of  de- 
light and  shouts  for  "  liberty  o'er  and  o'er  the 
globe."  A  British  historian  says,  "  The  Rhode 
Islanders  were  such  ardent  patriots  that  after  the 
capture  of  Rhode  Island  by  Sir  Peter  Parker,  it 
required  a  great  body  of  men  to  be  kept  there,  in 
perfect  idleness  for  three  years,  to  retain  them  in 
subjection.''  (Hume,  Smollett,  and  Farr,  iii.  90. 
London.)  Gov.  Green,  in  a  dispatch  to  Washing- 
ton in  1781,  reports  that  "sometimes  every  feiicUde 
man  in  ike  S/ate.  sometimes  a  third,  and  at  other 
times  a  fourth  part  was  called  out  upon  duty." 
(Collections  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society, 
vi.  290.) 

AVith  scarcely  fifty  thousand  people  of  all  ages 
and  of  both  sexes  the  little  State  suiiported  three 
regiments  in  the  Continental  army  throughout  the 
entire  war,  an  immense  number  for  her  when  we 
remember  the  demands  for  local  defense.  Rhode 
Island  began  the  war  early  by  declaring  her  inde- 
pendence thirty-two  days  before  the  brave  Virgin- 
ians renounced  allegiance  to  George  III.,  and  she 
continued  inflicting  her  heaviest  blows  until  the 
United  States  were  free  from  the  yoke  of  Great 
Britain. 

We  have  special  pleasure  in  Rhode  Island  pa- 
triotism, because,  while  noble  men  of  other  denom- 
inations honored  that  State  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  the  ruling  portion  of  the  people  were  Baptists. 
Morgan  Edwards,  who  died  in  1795,  whose  state- 
ment cannot  be  questioned,  says,  "  The  Baptists 
have  always  been  more  than  any  other  sect  of 
Christians  in  Rhode  Island  ;  two-fifths  of  the  in- 
habitants at  least  are  reputed  Baptists.  The  gov- 
ernors, deputy  governors,  judges,  assemblymen, 
and  officers,  civil  and  military,  are  chiefly  of  that 
persuasion."  (Collections  by  the  Rhode  Island 
Historical  Society,  vi.  .304.)  The  spirit  of  liberty 
ruled  the  Baptist  founders  of  Rhode  Island,  and  in 
the  Revolution  held  supreme  sway  over  her  Bap- 
tist people,  who  controlled  the  destinies  of  the 
State,  and  never  did  a  people  make  greater  sacri- 


REVOLUTION 


975 


REYNOLDS 


fices  or  more  heroic  efforts  for  liberty.  (See  articles 
on  Virginia  Baptists  and  the  Kevoi.ution,  and 
Baptists  in  the  Revohtion.) 

Revolution,  The,  and  the  Virginia  Baptists. 
— The  Baptist  General  Association  of  V'irjiinia  no- 
tified the  Conventi'in  of  the  People  of  Virginia, 
"That  they  had  considered  wliat  part  it  would  be 
proper  to  take  in  the  unhappy  contest,  and  had 
determined  that  they  ought  to  make  a  military  re- 
sistance to  Great  Britain  in  her  unjust  invasion, 
tyrannical  oppression,  and  repeated  hostilities." 
(Ileadley's  Chaplains  and  Clergy  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, p.  250.  New  York,  18G4.)  And  they  pro- 
claimed to  the  world  that  "to  a  man  they  were 
in  favor  of  the  Revolution."  (Semple,  p.  62.) 
Preachers  and  people,  Semple  declares,  were  en- 
(jrnsscd  with  thoughts  and  schemes  for  effecting 
the  Revolution.  Ilowison,  in  his  '"  History  of  Vir- 
ginia," ii.  170,  says,  "No  class  of  the  people  of 
America  were  more  devoted  advocates  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Revolution,  none  were  more  willing  to 
give  their  iiKiney  and  goods  to  their  country,  none 
more  prompt  to  march  to  the  field  of  battle,  and 
none  more  heroic  in  actual  conflict  than  the  Bap- 
tists of  Virginia." 

Had  it  not  been  for  the  Baptists  of  Virginia  it  is 
probable  that  the  "  mother  of  Presidents"  would 
have  sided  with  Great  Britain  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  leading  men  of  the  Old  Domininn  were 
the  descendants  of  English  aristocratic  families, 
whose  guiding  principle  for  centuries  was  loyalty 
to  the  king.  They  were  rigid  Episcopalians,  and 
so  were  the  sovereign  of  England  and  the  majority  of 
his  influential  subjects  in  his  homo  kingdom.  The 
rectors  of  Virginia  were  native  Englislimen,  and 
bitter  Tories,  many  of  whom  were  specially  accept- 
able to  gay  young  Virginians,  because  tliey  fre- 
quented the  race-course,  betted  at  cards,  and  rat- 
tled dice  like  experts.  One  of  them  was  president 
of  a  jockey  club,  and  another  fought  a  duel.  These 
men  present  a  perfect  contrast  to  their  successors 
in  the  Episco]ial  Church  of  the  Old  Dominion  in 
our  day.  Virginia  proclaimed  Cliarles  II.  before 
he  was  king  in  England.  (Howe's  Virginia  Histori- 
cal Collections,  p.  133.  Charleston,  1846.)  When 
Patrick  Henry  introduced  his  five  celebrated  reso- 
lutions into  the  Virginia  Assembly,  in  17115,  in 
connection  with  the  Stamp  Act,  the  men  of  influ- 
ence in  that  body  were  opposed  to  his  movement, 
and  intended  to  submit  to  that  iniquitous  measure. 
(Campbeirs  History  of  Virginia,  p.  .541.  Phila- 
delphia.) Henry's  fifth  resolution,  which  recog- 
nized the  great  doctrine  that  their  Legislature  alone 
couUl  tax  its  inlialiitants,  was  carried  by  but  a  sin- 
file  Vd/e:  and  yet  this  principle  was  the  mainspring 
of  the  American  Revolution.  "  .'speaker  Robin- 
son," says  Campbell,  "  Peyton  Randolph,  Richard 
Bland,  Edmund  Pendleton,  George  Wythe,  and  all 


the  leaders  of  the  House  and  proprietors  of  large 
estates,  made  a  strenuous  resistance."  (History  of 
Virginia,  pp.  541-42.)  Jefferson  says,  "  The  Reso- 
lutions of  Henry  were  opposed  by  Robinson  and 
all  the  cyphers  of  the  .aristocracy."  It  was  in  ad- 
vocacy of  these  resolutions  that  Henry  used  the 
words,  "Tarquin  and  Caesar  had  each  his  Brutus, 

Charles   I.  his   Cromwell,    and   George  III. " 

"Treason!"  shouted  the  Speaker;  "Treason,  trea- 
son!" was  echoed  around  the  house;  while  Henry, 
fixing  his  eyes  on  the  Speaker,  continued,  without 
faltering,  "may  profit  by  their  example."  (Ban- 
croft, V.  277.)  The  next  day  the  men  who  voted 
for  the  fifth  resolution,  alarmed  by  their  own  manly 
patriotism,  actually  had  it  expunged  from  the  jour- 
nals of  the  House.  (Ilowison's  History  of  Virginia, 
ii.  52.  Richmond,  1S48.)  Eleven  years  later  Vir- 
ginia withdrew  from  the  British  crown  on  the 
ground  which  she  took,  by  a  majority  of  one,  in 
1765,  and  from  which  she  shamefully  withdrew 
the  next  day.  AVhat  made  the  great  change  in 
Virginia? 

"  In  1774."  says  Howison, "  the  Baptists  increa-sed 
on  every  side.  If  one  preacher  was  imprisoned,  ten 
arose  to  take  his  place  ;  if  one  congregation  was  dis- 
persed, alarger  assembled  on  the  next  opportunity. 
The  influenceof  thcdenomination  was  strong  among 
the  common  people."  (Ilistorv  of  Virginia,  ii.  170.) 
At  the  Revolution,  .Jefferson  tells  u.s  that  in  Vir- 
ginia two-thirds  of  the  people  were  dissenters. 
(Jefferson  on  the  State  of  Virginia,  p.  109.  Rich- 
mond.) These  were  chiefly  Baptists.  A  small 
portion  of  them  were  Presbyterians,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  Ijrave  men  of  eminent  worth.  But 
the  Baptists  were  sweeping  Virginia  with  a  heav- 
enly whirlwind,  and  their  love  of  liberty  and  de- 
nominational success  brought  Virginia  into  the 
ranks  of  the  Revolution.  Under  God  our  honored 
brethren  were  instrumental  in  placing  the  grand 
Old  Dominion  on  the  ground  which  her  aristocratic 
rulers  would  never  have  selected  for  themselves. 
Without  them  Patrick  Henry  and  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son would  have  expended  their  eloquence  and 
statesmanship  in  vain.  And  as  Massachusetts  and 
Virginia  were  the  two  principal  sources  of  Revolu- 
tionary regiments,  it  is  extremely  probable  that  the 
liberty  and  triumphs  of  the  Revidution,  as  far  as 
we  are  indebted  to  Virginia  for  them,  siirang 
chiefly,  under  God,  from  the  extraordinary  in- 
crease of  the  freedom-loving  Baptists  in  the  Old 
Dominion  just  before  the  great  struggle.  (See 
articles  on  Baptists  i.n  the  Revolution,  and 
RiiooE  Island  Baptists  and  the  Revoi.ition.) 

Reynolds,  J.  L.,  D.D,.  a  native  of  Charleston, 

S,  C,  was  born  on  the  17th  of  March,  1812.     He 

graduated  with  the  first  honor  at  Charleston  Col- 

j  lege,  and   from   it  went   to   Newton    Theological 

Seminary,  where  he  took  the  full  course.     His  first 


IIKYXOLDS 


970 


RHEES 


pastorate  was  in  Culumliiii,  S.  C.  Tlience  he  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Georgetown  College,  Ky. 
After  a  successful  service  in  that  position,  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Kich- 
luond,  Vn.  lie  was  called  frcini  Kichinoiid  to  the 
|iriifessorshipof  Latin  in  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  the  palmiest  days  of  that  renowned  institution. 
■■  For  nearly  twenty-five  years  the  handsome,  in- 
tellectual face  and  courtly  manners  of  Dr.  Reynolds 
were  familiar  in  those  classic  halls,  and  hundreds 
of  youn^i  men  who  read  these  lines  will  have  tender 
memories  revived  (»!'  the  genial  and  elegant  Latin 
professor  of  their  college  days."  lie  was  at  length, 
at  his  own  request,  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Moral 
Philosophy.  After  the  war  political  changes  dis- 
missed him  and  the  entire  faculty  of  the  college. 
In  1874  he  became  Professor  of  Latin  in  Furman 
University,  from  which  position  ho  was  called  to 
''come  up  higher"  on  the  19th  of  Dccembei',  1877. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  genial  and  delightful  of 
companions.  As  a  classical  scholar,  the  Baptist 
ministry  of  South  Carolina  has  not  had  bis  superior, 
if,  indeed,  his  equal.  As  a  preacher  he  was  always 
instructive,  and  at  times  overwhelmingly  elociuont 
and  pathetic.  The  great  gulf  which  be  left  has 
not  yet  been  filled.  His  wife,  a  fit  helpmeet  in 
talent  and  accomplishments,  survived  him  but  a 
short  time,  so  that  it  might  almost  be  said  "  in  death 
they  were  not  divided." 

Reynolds,  Rev.  P.  B.,  was  born  in  Patrick  Co., 
Va.,  Jan.  9,  1841.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
began  to  teach  a  few  months  in  each  year  ;  entered 
the  Confederate  army  in  1861,  and  was  a  private 
soldier  until  the  close  of  the  w.ar ;  was  captured  in 
the  Valley  of  Virginia  in  1804,  and  spent  the  fol- 
lowing winter  as  a  prisoner  at  Point  Lookout;  was 
converted  in  the  woods  on  the  Ilapidan  River,  in 
Virginia,  while  in  the  army,  in  November,  1863, 
and  was  baptized  in  May,  1865.  lie  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  June,  1865;  ordained  in  May,  1868. 
After  preaching  a  short  time  in  bis  native  county  he 
entered  Richmond  College  in  1866,  and  renniined 
until  1872.  In  1872  he  took  charge  of  Coalsmonth 
High  School,  now  Shelton  College,  of  which  he  is 
now  (1880)  the  president.  Shelton  is  the  principal 
Baptist  college  of  the  State,  and  Prof.  Reynolds  is 
striving  to  build  it  up.  He  has  sacrificed  much 
time  and  money,  and  has  every  prospect  of  success. 
He  is  a  fine  scholar,  a  most  excellent  preacher  and 
pastor,  an  untiring  worker,  and  capable  of  filling 
almost  any  position  of  usefulness.  He  is  president 
of  the  West  Virginia  Baptist  Educational  Society. 

Reynolds,  Maj.  Walker,  was  born  in  Columbia 
Co.,  Ga.,  Aug.  2S.  17'.I9;  settled  in  Talladega  Co., 
Ala.,  in  1833,  where  he  accumulated  a  large  for- 
tune ;  was  worth  several  hundred  thousand  dollars 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  late  war,  and  after 
the  war  was  still  quite  wealthy.     Maj.  Reynolds 


was  eminently  a  public-spirited  man  ;  contributed 
liberally  to  denominational  enterprises,  and  in- 
vested largely  in  secular  corporations.  The  Selma, 
Rome  and  Dalton  Railroad  owes  nioi-e  to  him  for 
its  e.Nistenoc  than  to  any  other  person.  He  was  a 
wise  man,  an  extensive  planter,  and  a  good  church 
member.  One  of  the  last  acts  of  his  life  was  to 
give  $1000  to  the  building  of  a  new  house  of  wor- 
ship for  his  church  at  Alpine.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried, and  reared  a  most  interesting  family.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  January,  1871. 

Rhees,  Rev.  Morgan  John,  Sr.,  was  bom  in 

Wales,  Sept.  8,  1760.  lie  was  converted  in  early 
life,  and  educated  at  Bristol  College  for  the  min- 
istry. He  was  a  pastor  in  Wales  for  some  time, 
but  concluded  to  lead  a  little  colony  of  his  country- 
men to  America  in  1794.  Dr.  Rogers,  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  gave  him 
a  cordial  welcome  on  his  arrival,  and  soon  his  elo- 
quence gathered  throngs  wherever  it  W'as  known 
that  he  would  preach.  He  traveled  extensively 
through  the  Southern  and  Western  States  pro- 
claiming the  blessed  gospel,  and  gathering  converts 
into  the  kingdom.  In  connection  with  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin Rush  he  bought  a  large  tract  of  land  in 
Pennsylvania,  which  he  called  Cambria,  after  his 
native  Wales.  In  1798  he  took  his  own  family 
and  a  company  of  his  countrymen  to  the  new  settle- 
ment. He  located  at  Beulah,  and  became  pastor 
of  the  church  formed  there.  He  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Somerset,  in  the  county  of  that  name, 
where  be  died  Sept.  17,  1804.  lie  was  married  to 
adaughter  of  Col.  Benjamin  Loxley,  a  distinguished 
officer  of  the  Revolution  ;  and  he  was  the  father- 
in-law  of  Dr.  Nicholas  JIurray  (Kirwan),  of  Eliza- 
beth, N.  J.,  and  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  was  his  special 
friend. 

Rhees,  Morgan  John,  Jr.,  D.D.,  was  born 
at  Somerset,  Pa.,  Oct.  2.o,  1802.  On  reaching 
twenty-one  he  studied  law  under  the  celebrated 
David  Paul  Brown,  of  Philadelphia,  and  after  being 
called  to  the  bar  be  soon  secured  a  respectable  stand- 
ing in  his  profession.  In  1827  the  Saviour  found 
him,  and  "chosen  of  him  ere  time  began,  he  chose 
him  in  return,"  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  ordained  in  September,  1829.  His  first 
fields  of  labor  were  Bordentown  and  Trenton. 
While  in  New  Jersey  be  assisted  in  the  formation 
of  the  State  Conv(;ntion  for  missions,  and  was  its 
secretary  from  its  organization  until  be  left  the 
State.  In  1840  he  accepted  the  invitation  of  its 
board  to  become  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  In  February,  1843, 
he  took  charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of 
Wilmington,  Del.  ;  of  this  church  he  retained  the 
oversight  for  seven  years,  during  which  he  baptized 
nearly  300  persons.     In  1850  he  became  pastor  of 


RHODE  ISLAND 


977 


liHODK  ISLAND 


the  First  church  of  WilliamsbiirK.  N.  Y..  where  he 
died  Jan.  15,  1853.  lie  received  the  dei;rce  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  tlie  University  ol  I'ncliester 
in  1.S52. 

Dr.  Rhees  was  greatly  blessed  in  every  pastorate, 
and  he  rendered  valuable  services  to  the  Publi- 
cation Society.  His  calls  to  churches  seekinj;  the 
licst  L'iftswere  numerous.  He  had  a  fine  intellect, 
tlie  polish  (if  a  gentleman,  the  courage  of  a  hrave 
man,  tlie  piety  of  a  saint,  and  the  tenderness  of  a 
woman.  He  was  loved  by  many  hundreds  while 
he  lived,  and  his  memory  is  still  revered  by  the 
cliurclies  for  which  he  labored,  and  by  many  ad- 
miring friends. 

Rhode  Island  Baptists, — To  most  Baptists  the 
evidence  is  conclusive  that  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  I'ruvidence,  formed  in  1639,  is  the  oldest  Bap- 
tist church  in  Rhode  Island,  and  the  first  church 
of  our  denomination  in  America.  Roger  Williams 
was  Ijaptized  by  Ezckiel  Ilolliinaii  in  .March.  1638-9, 
and  about  that  time  the  First  church  of  Providence 
was  founded.  Soon  after  the  origin  of  this  church, 
as  Baptists  generally  believe,  the  First  church  of 
Newport  was  organized.  John  Clarke,  M.D.,  came 
from  England  in  1637,  and  not  long  after,  taking 
up  his  residence  in  Newport,  he  became  the  public 
instructor  of  a  congregation  out  of  whicli,  in  1644, 
according  to  tradition,  .a  church  was  formed  "on 
the  .scheme  and  principles  of  the  Baptists."'  (For 
the  arguments  favoring  1638  as  the  time  when  this 
church  was  founded,  see  article  on  The  First 
Church  of  Newport,  R.  I.)  Rev.  Dr.  Henry 
Jackson  says  of  this  churcli,  "It  occupied  a  high 
rank  in  the  community,  and  drew  members  from 
towns  remote." 

The  second  church  in  Newport  was  established 
in  16.56.  These  three  communities  comprised  all 
tlie  regular  Baptist  churches  in  Rhode  Island  for 
many  years.  The  next  in  age  are  the  churches  in 
Riclnnond,  AVarwiek,  and  East  Greenwich,  consti- 
tuted in  1743,  E.\eter  in  1750,  Warren  in  1764,  and 
Shoreham  in  1780.  Rhode  Island  is  everywhere 
permeated  by  Baptist  principles,  and  churches  of 
the  denomination  are  found  in  all  parts  of  the 
State.  The  riglits  of  conscience  are  everywhere 
res|)ecte(l.  and  protei'teil  by  |mblic  opinion  and 
legislative  enactments. 

There  are  three  Associations  of  Baptist  churches 
ill  Rhode  Island,  the  oldest  being  the  Warren, 
formed  in  1767  ;  the  next  in  the  onier  of  time  is 
the  Providence,  formed  in  1S43  ;  and  the  third  tiie 
Narragansett,  formed  in  1859.  The  last  report  of 
the  Warren  Association,  in  18S0,  gives  21  churches. 
24  ordained  ministers,  and  4036  niemlicrs.  In  the 
Providence  Association  there  are  15  cliurches,  21 
ordained  ministei'S,  and  a  membership  of  2953. 
The  Narragansett  Association  has  24  churches,  20 
ordained  ministers,   ami   a  memliersliip   of  3850. 


There  .are  60  churches,  with  10.8.39  members,  in 
Rhode  Island.  The  Rhode  Island  Baptist  State 
Convention  was  made  a  corporate  body  by  an  act 
of  the  General  Assembly,  passed  in  October,  1826. 
and  is  authorized  to  hold  in  trust  an  amount  not 
exceeding S300,0(JO.  The  Convention  gave  to  feeble 
churches  in  the  State  nearly  S2500  during  the  year. 
The  Rhode  Island  Baptists  contributed  funds  for 
the  education  of  ministers  from  1792:  the  plan  for 
starting  a  society  for  this  purpose  originated  with 
President  Manning,  and  two  months  after  his 
decease  it  was  .submitted  to  the  Warren  Associa- 
tion by  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  of  Boston.  Up  to 
1S16  the  concerns  of  ministerial  education  formed 
a  part  of  the  regul.ar  business  of  the  Association. 
In  that  year  a  separate  education  society  was 
formed,  at  which  time  there  was  placed  in  the 
treasury,  in  the  form  of  bank  stock,  the  sum  of 
SISOO,  from  which  amount  various  sums  h.ave 
been  withdrawn,  until  there  now  remains  8'13.50. 
Some  of  the  most  distinguished  Baptist  ministers 
in  the  country  have  been  among  the  nearly  150 
beneficiaries  who  have  been  aided  by  this  society. 
The  B.iptists  of  Rhode  Island  legally  proclaimed 
absolute  religious  liberty  for  men  of  all  creeds  when 
no  government  in  the  world  but  the  one  which  they 
controlled  pretended  to  confer  such  a  boon,  or  re- 
garded it  as  either  wise  or  just  to  give  it.  Roger 
Williams,  in  his  '•  Bloudy  Tenent,"  defended  this 
doctrine  of  his  Baptist  fathers  in  the  faith  with  a 
power  which  no  mind  governed  by  intelligence 
could  permanently  resist,  and  finally  that  doctrine 
swept  from  the  statute  books  of  American  perse- 
cuting States  every  intolerant  enactment.  The 
freedom  of  conscience  dcnmnded  by  Roger  Wil- 
liams has  effected  a  greater  change  in  the  relations 
between  Church  and  State  on  this  continent  than 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  armies  of  the 
Revolution,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  have  made  in  the  secular  liberties  of  this 
great  republic.  A  moral  cable,  stretching  from 
the  Teacher  of  Nazareth,  in  Palestine,  across  the 
ages,  the  countries,  and  the  oceans,  kept  in  order 
by  our  Baptist  fathers  of  all  preceding  Christian 
time,  to  whom  it  communicated  its  blessed  news. 
landed  at  Provideiire,  I'.  I.,  in  1636.  Roger  Wil- 
liams received  and  put  in  circulation  its  divine  dis- 
patches, and  by  the  authority  of  the  King  Eternal, 
immortal  and  invisible,  demanded  liberty  for  all 
men  to  pay  their  devotions  to  Deity,  without  State 
laws  commanding  or  prohibiting  religious  wor- 
ship. All  Rhode  Island  received  and  obeyed  the 
divine  message  coining  through  this  glorious  cable. 
Baptists  everywhere  respected  it,  and  now  our  whole 
country  has  yielded  obedience  to  the  heavenly  teach- 
ing. And.  as  Rhode  Island  Wiis  the  American 
landing-place  of  this  blessed  cable,  and  her  Baptist 
people  the  interpreters  and  propagators  of  its  pre- 


RHODES 


978 


RICE 


cioiis  coniiminioatimis,  wfi  would  honor  tliem  as  the 
best  friends  of  American  lihertv  and  of  tlie  uni- 
versal rights  of  men.  (For  further  information 
about  Khode  Ishind,  see  articles  on  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Providence,  First  Chirch  of  New- 
port, The  Warrkn  Baptist  Ciurcii,  Rhode 
Island  and  the  Ameiucan  Kevohtiox,  James 
Manning,  D.lt.,  Bitowx  University,  and  The 
UiidWN  Family,  of  Providence.) 
Rhodes,  Rev.  Christopher,  was  bom  May  20, 

lS:il.  Ilia  parents  were  James  K.  and  Mary  A. 
Rhodes.  At  the  date  of  his  birth  they  were  mem- 
bers of  tlie  First  <-luirch.  Providence,  R.  I.  His  an- 
cestors had  been  in  the  State  from  its  earliest  settle- 
ment, lie  was  baptized  in  February,  1839.  and 
united  with  the  Third  church.  After  pursuing  a 
collegiate  course  until  1843,  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  at  once  commenced  a  series  of  revival 
.services,  assisting  churches  in  Khode  Island  and 
Massachusetts.  His  first  charge  was  the  church  in 
Allendale,  near  Providence.  He  assisted  in  organ- 
izing this  church,  and  was  ordained  its  first  pastor 
in  May,  1850.  The  subsequent  pastorates  of  Mr. 
Rhodes  have  been  Phoenix  church,  Warwick, 
K.  I.,  1855-61  :  Stewart  Street  church.  Provi- 
dence, 1861-64;  First  church,  .Snith  Kingston, 
1SCj4-66;  Stanton  Street,  N.  Y.,  1S06-74;  Central 
church,  Williams)nirg,  1874  to  present  date.  Dur- 
ing these  years  he  has  devoted  himself  almost  ex- 
clusively to  pastoral  work,  and  he  has  received 
many  evidences  of  the  divine  blessing.  Through 
his  preaching  converts  have  been  added  to  the 
churches,  and  he  h.-is  had  great  success  in  building 
up  weak  interests  and  relieving  them  from  financial 
embarrassment.  Mr.  Rhodes  is  a  strong  man  men- 
tally and  physically,  and  one  whose  counsel  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  ministers  and  churches. 

Rhodes,  Gen.  Elisha  Hunt,  son  of  ( 'apt.  Elisha 

II.  and  Eliza  (Chase)  Rhodes,  was  born  in  Paw- 
tuxet,  R.  I.,  March  21,  1842;  had  an  academical 
education  :  entered  the  Union  army  as  a  corporal 
in  June,  1861  ;  was  with  his  regiment  in  most  of 
the  great  battles  in  Virginia ;  rose  to  be  the  col- 
onel of  the  2d  11.  I.  Inf.  Regiment;  brevetted  brig- 
adier-general for  gallant  conduct ;  since  the  war 
lias  filled  some  of  the  highest  offices  in  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic;  is  collector  of  United  States 
revenue  for  the  district  of  Rhode  Island  ;  brigadier- 
general  of  the  militia  force  of  Rhode  Island  ;  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Providence, 
R.  I.  :  a  man  of  talent  and  sterling  worth. 

Rice,  Rev.  Francis,  was  born  in  Logansport, 
Ind.,  Nov.  27,  18,53.  His  family  came  to  Kansas 
in  the  year  18.58,  settling  at  Oskaloosa,  Jefferson 
Co.  In  1865  they  removed  to  Topeka,  where  he 
received  his  education.  He  passed  through  the 
regular  classic  course  at  AVashburn  College.  lie 
also  took  a  business  course  in  a  commercial  college 


in  the  same  city,  employing  for  this  purpose  his 
summer  vacations.  He  was  baptized,  and  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Topeka  in  Jan- 
uary, 1870.  He  had  experienced  conversion  several 
years  before,  when  about  the  age  of  eleven.  He 
became  interested  in  the  Sunday-school,  and  did 
what  he  could  in  the  Master's  cause,  but  had  no 
serious  thought  of  entering  the  ministry  until 
January,  1S77,  when  he  received  an  invitation  to 
visit  the  church  at  Valley  Falls,  and  he  was  or- 
dained their  pastor  May  16.  l.'^77.  Ilis  ministry  has 
been  attended  by  good  results.  1  le  has  been  for  sev- 
eral years  cbik  of  the  Missouri  liiver  Association. 
Rice,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1759. 
He  removed  to  Kentucky  ;  was  bajitizod  and  brought 
into  the  ministry  at  (iilbert's  Creek  church,  in  Gar- 
rard Co.,  Ky.  He  was  a  constituent  of  Shawnee 
Run.  for  a  long  time  the  largest  church  south  of 
the  Kentucky  River.  Of  this  church,  in  Mercer 
County,  ho  was  pastor  fiom  its  organization,  in 
17SS,  till  his  death,  March  I'.l,  1S43.  lie  was  emi- 
nent among  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  and  greatly 
beloved  for  his  piety,  faith,  and  usefulness. 


---^-'  ^^-' 


GEN.  ELISHA    HINT    RHODES. 

Rice,  Rev.  Luther,  was  born  in  Northborough, 
AVorccster  Co.,  Mass.,  March  25,  1 783.  His  parents 
were  members  of  the  Congregational  Church,  his 
mother  being  a  woman  of  remarkalile  intellectual 
vigor.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood, and  was  apt  in  acquiring  knowledge. 
■\Vhile  still  a  mere  youth,  the  wonderful  self-re- 
liance, for  which  he  was  always  distinguished,  dis- 
played itself;  for,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  entered 


RICE 


979 


RICE 


into  a  contract  to  visit  the  State  of  Georjjia  to  assist 
in  obtaining  timber  for  shipbuililins,  witlioiit  con- 
sulting his  parents,  and  was  alisent  six  months. 
Soon  after  this  he  became  jrreatly  concerned  aVjout 
his  soul,  and  suffered  the  acutest  mental  agony  for 
many  months.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  in  March 
of  1802,  he  united  with  the  church  at  North- 
borough,  lie  was  from  the  beginning  a  most  con- 
sistent and  active  Christian  worker.  He  infused  a 
new  and  higher  type  of  piety  into  his  own  family 
and  tlie  church,  and  made  it  a  special  duty  to  con- 
verse frequently  with  the  impenitent.  He  was 
from  the  start  of  his  Christian  career  deeply  in- 
terested in  missions  and  missionary  publications. 
I  luring  all  tliis  time  he  was  laboring  upon  his 
father's  farm.  His  mind  was  now  directed  to  the 
Christian  ministry,  and  he  resolved  to  secure  a  col- 
legiate and  theological  education.  He  spent  three 
years  at  Leicester  Academy,  and  paid  his  expenses 
by  teaching  school  during  the  vacations  and  giving 
lessons  in  singing  at  night.  He  made  such  rapid 
jirogress  at  the  academy  that  he  was  able  to  com- 
plete his  collegiate  course  in  three  years,  having 
entered  Williams  College,  Mass.,  in  October  of 
1807.  While  in  college  he  became  deeply  inter- 
ested in  missions,  and  he  infused  the  same  enthu- 
siasm into  the  minds  of  his  friends,  Mills  and 
Richards.  In  a  letter,  written  March  18,  1811,  he 
says,  '■  I  have  deliberately  m.ide  up  my  mind  to 
preach  the  gospel  to  the  heathen."  A  society  of 
inquiry  on  the  subject  of  missions  was  formed 
through  his  instrumentality,  and  about  the  same 
time  a  branch  society  at  Andover  Seminary,  where 
Judson  and  his  friends  caught  the  new  awakenintr. 
They  must  preach  the  gospel  to  the  pagan  nations. 
Judson,  Nott,  Mills,  Newell,  Richards,  and  Rice 
prepared  a  memorial  to  the  General  Association 
of  all  the  evangelical  ministers  of  Massachusetts, 
convened  at  Bradford  in  1810,  urging  the  pressing 
claims  of  the  heathen,  and  asking  an  appointment 
in  the  East.  The  names  of  Richards  and  Rice  were 
omitted  from  the  memorial  at  its  presentation,  the 
number  being  so  large.  The  result  of  these  efforts 
was  the  formation  of  the  American  Board  of  Com- 
missioners for  Foreign  Missions;  and,  later,  the 
Baptist  General  Convention  of  1S14,  the  American 
Bible  Society,  the  American  Tract  Society,  the 
Baptist  General  Tract  Society,  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, the  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  other 
kindred  organizations,  Judson,  Nott,  Mills,  and 
Newell  were  appointed  by  the  board  as  mi.ssion- 
aries,  Rice  and  Richards  being  omitted.  But  Rice 
had  set  his  heart  upon  going,  and  he  was  permitted 
to  do  so  upon  the  condition  that  he  would  himself 
raise  the  money  necessary  for  his  outBt  and  his 
pass.-ige,  which  he  did  within  a  few  days.  Having 
been  previously  licensed,  he,  with  his  companions, 
was   ordained    at   the  Tabernacle  church,  Salem, 


Mass.,  Feb.  6,  1812.  and  sailed  from  Philadelphia, 
February  18,  in  the  packet  "  Harmony,"  destined 
for  India.  Dr.  Judson  and  wife,  who  had  sailed 
from  Salem,  having  changed  their  minds  on  the 
subject  of  baptism,  were  baptized  by  Dr.  Carey 
soon  after  their  arrival  at  Calcutta ;  and  Mr.  Rice, 
having  also  been  led,  after  a  thorough  investiga- 
tion, to  change  his  views  on  the  same  subject,  was 
also  baptized,  on  Nov.  1,  1SI2,  by  Mr.  Ward,  a  few 
weeks  after  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson.  Owing  to  the 
continued  and  bitter  opposition  of  the  English  au- 
thorities in  India,  Mr.  Rice  concluded  to  sail  for 
the  Isle  of  France,  and  thence  to  the  United  States, 
to  adjust  his  relations  with  the  Congregational 
board,  to  enlist  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  cause 
of  missions,  and  to  recruit  his  health.  He  arrived 
at  New  York,  Sept.  7,  1813;  went  immediately  to 
Boston,  and  communicated  with  the  board,  who, 
however,  received  him  with  much  coldness,  and, 
rather  rudely,  dissolved  his  relations  with  them- 
selves. Mr.  Rice  now  completely  identified  him- 
self with  the  Baptists.  At  a  consultation,  in  Bos- 
ton, it  w.is  determined  to  appoint  him  an  agent  to 
visit  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  enlist  churches 
and  individuals  in  the  cause.  He  journeyed  through- 
out the  entire  length  of  the  country,  and  met  with 
the  most  encouraging  success.  Delegates  were  ap- 
pointed from  all  parts  of  the  land  to  meet  for  con- 
ference, and  on  the  18th  of  May,  1814,  a  large 
number  assembled  at  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Richard 
Furman  presiding.  After  several  days"  deliberation 
the  General  Conventicn  of  the  Baptist  Denomina- 
tion in  the  United  States  for  Foreign  Missions  was 
formed,  that  organization  which  has  accomplished 
so  much  in  heathen  lands  for  the  glory  of  God  and 
the  good  of  men.  On  his  Southern  tour  Mr.  Rice 
collected  about  S13(X),  made  arrangements  for  fu- 
ture contributions,  and  organized  about  twenty  mis- 
sionary societies,  and  throughout  the  country  about 
seventy  societies.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Triennial 
Convention  in  Philadelphia,  in  1817,  he  reported 
that  he  had  traveled,  during  a  very  short  time,  7800 
miles,  collected  nearly  .?.3700,  and  aroused  a  warm 
interest  in  missions  everywhere.  These  journeys 
were  '■  through  wildernesses  and  over  rivers,  across 
mountains  and  valleys,  in  heat  and  cold,  by  day 
and  b\'  night,  in  weariness  and  painfulness,  and 
fastings  and  loneliness." 

To  Mr.  Rice,  more  than  to  any  other  man,  is  due 
the  awakened  regard  in  ministerial  education. 
He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  school  opened  in 
Philijdelphia,  under  Staughton  and  Chase,  for  the 
instruction  of  young  men  for  the  ministry.  Eigh- 
teen were  in  course  of  preparation  there.  He 
urged  the  founding  of  a  college  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  through  his  efforts  forty-six  and  a  half 
acres  were  purchased  adj.iccnt  to  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, and  a  building  capable  of  accommodating 


RICE 


980 


RICHARDS 


eighty  students  was  tieguii.  The  Convention  took 
the  new  institution  under  its  supervision,  und  in 
the  report  made  to  the  Convention  in  1821,  there 
was  set  forth  a  most  gratifyinfi;  statement  of  the 
progress  of  the  college.  Mr.  Rice  was  appointed 
its  agent  and  treasurer.  About  tliis  time  lio  origi- 
nated the  Columbian  Star,  published  at  Waslijng- 
ton.  Still  serving  as  missionary  agent,  his  addi- 
tional labors  as  agent  for  the  college  were  over- 
whelming. Difficulties  arose  ;  the  expenses  of  the 
college  were  not  met;  and  Mr.  Rice  was  prostrated 
by  sickness  arising  out  of  his  terrible  anxieties. 
The  ciillege  seemed  threatened  with  ruin  in  its 
very  inception.  A  warm  discussion  aro.se  in  the 
Convention  which  met  in  1826,  and  it  was  deter- 
mined then  to  separate  the  educational  movement 
from  the  missionary  operations.  Other  financial 
agents  were  appointed  by  the  college,  but  Mr.  Rice 
still  cullected  money  for  its  fun<ls,  and  labored 
earnestly  with  an  unshaken  faith  in  its  final  suc- 
cess ;  and  before  he  died  he  had  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  his  wishes  partially  fulKlled.  Mr.  Rice  sac- 
rificed his  life  for  the  welfare  of  the  institution 
which  he  originated,  and  whicli  he  loved  so  well. 
During  a  collecting  tour  through  the  South  he  was 
taken  seriously  ill,  and  soon  after  died  at  the  house 
of  his  friend.  Dr.  Mays,  Sept.  25,  1830.  lie  was 
buried  at  Point  Pleasant  church,  Edgefield  District, 
S.  C.  The  following  is  the  memorial  inscription  on 
the  marble  slab  erected  by  the  Ba|)tist  Convention 
of  the  State  of  Sontli  Carolina,  written  by  men  who 
knew  him  well  and  loved  him  dearly  for  his  self- 
denying  labors  in  the  cause  of  Christian  missions 
and  ministerial  education  : 


Born 

March  2.'ith, 
A.D.  178:1. 


Belioath  this  marble 

Are  ilepntiited  the  reiiinins  of 

Killer  Luther  Rice, 


r         Died 

-    Sept'r  2.1111, 
t.    A.I).  ls:)0. 


A  minister  of  Christ,  of  tlie  Baptist  Denomination. 

He  was  ft  n.-itivo  of  Nortliboro',  Massacliusett-s 

And  departed  this  life  in  Edgefield  District,  S.  C. 

In  the  death  of  this  distingnislied  servant  of  the  Lord,  "  is  a  great 

man  fallen  in  Israel." 

Than  he, 

Perliapsno  .\merican  lias  done 
more  fur  the  great  Missionary 
Enterpiise. 

It  U  tluiught  the  fiist  Ameri- 
can Foreign  Missitni,  on  which 
he  went  to  India,  associated 
with  Judson  and  otliers,  origi- 
nated with  him. 

.\iid  if  the  Bnrmans  have 
cause  of  gratitude  towards  Jud- 
son, for  a  faitliful  version  of 
God's  Word,  so  they  will  thro* 
generations  to  come  "arise  up 
and  call  Kice  blessed  ;"  for  it 
was  his  eloftuent  appeals  for 
the  Heathen,  on  his  return  to 
America,  which  raised  our  Baji- 
tist  churches  to  adopt  the  Bur- 
man  Mission  and  sustain  Jud- 
son in  his  arduous  toils. 


No  Baptist  has  done  more  for 
the  cause  of  education.  He 
founded  the  "Columbian  Col- 
lege, in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia," which  he  benevolently  in- 
tended, by  it-i  central  position, 
to  ditTnse  Ivnowledge,  Iwth  liter- 
ary and  religions,  thrungli  these 
United  Stites.  And  if  for  want 
of  deserved  patronage  that  un- 
fortunate Institution,  which 
was  the  special  subject  of  his 
prayers  and  toils  for  the  hist 
fifteen  years  of  hie  life,  fail  to 
fulfil  the  high  purpose  of  its 
founder,  yet  the  spirit  of  edu- 
cation awakened  by  his  labors 
shall  accomplish  his  noble 
aim. 


I.uther  Rice, 

With  a  portl}'  person  and  commanding  presence. 

Combined  a  strong  and  brilliant  intellect. 

As  a  theologian  he  was  orthodox  ; 

A  scholar,  his  education  was  liberal. 

He  was  an  eloquent  and  jKiwerful  preacher; 

A  self-<letiying  and  indefatigable  philanthropist. 

His  frailties  witli  his  dust  are  entombed; 
And  upon  the  walls  of  Zion  his  virtues  engraven. 

By  orrierof  the  Baptist  Convention  lor  the  State  of  South  Carolina, 

Tliis  monument  is  erected 

To  His  Memory. 

llis  love  for  the  Columbian  College  is  .seen  in  liis 
dying  request, — "  Send  my  sulky,  an<i  horse,  and 
baggiige  to  Brother  Brooks,  with  directions  to  send 
them  to  Brother  Sher\voo<l.  and  say  that  all  lielcru/  to 
the  rollei/t'.''' 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Rice  was  rarely  excelled.  He 
was  dignified  in  appearance,  and  unusually  attrac- 
tive in  his  style.  His  sermons  were  chara(-teristic- 
ally  doctrintil,  and  weighty  in  fundamental  truths, 
lie  was  eminently  gifted  also  in  prayer.  He  wrote 
ii  work  on  Baptism,  which,  however,  was  not  pub- 
lished. He  was  elected  in  1815  to  the  presidency 
of  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  and 
also  to  that  of  (5eorgetown  College,  Ky.,  botli  of 
which  he  declined,  as  the  two  great  objects  of  his 
life — missions  and  ministerial  I'ducatiun — absorbed 
all  the  energies  of  his  soul  and  body. 

Rice,  Rev.  Thomas  Moor,  a  distinguished 
preacher  and  cducrator.  was  born  in  Jessamine  Co., 
Ky.,  Dec.  7,  17112.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812-15,  sind  soon  after  its  close  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church,  and  became  a  circuit  preacher. 
After  a  few  years  he  was  compelled  to  desist  from 
regular  preaching  on  account  of  physical  disability. 
Mr.  Rice  was  a  linguist  and  mathematician,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  a  tejtcher,  and  became 
very  successful.  In  18.38  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Mathematics  in  Georgetown  College,  but 
declined  the  position,  and  remained  the  teacher  of 
a  private  school.  He  continued  to  exercise  his 
gifts  as  a  local  preacher  among  the  Methodists, 
and  eng.aged  in  several  public  debates  on  religious 
doctrines,  one  of  which  was  with  President  Fan- 
ning, a  distinguished  Campbellite  jireacher  of  Ten- 
nessee. About  1839  he  decided  to  preach  an  argu- 
mentative sermon  on  the  "  mode  of  baptism."  In 
his  preparation  he  became  convinced  that  immersion 
alone  was  Scriptural  baptism,  and  soon  afterwards 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Pleasant  Grove, 
Ky.,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He  .served 
two  Baptist  churches  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred Oct.  3,  1842. 

Richards,  Rev.  Humphrey,  was  born  in  Row- 
ley, Jlass.,  Sept.  17,  1818.  Having  completed  his 
preparatory  studies,  he  entered  Brown  University 
in  1833.  While  in  college  he  became  a  Christian. 
Ill  health  obliged  him  to  abridge  his  course  of 
study.     It  was  a  sad  disappointment  to  him  to  be 


RICHARDS 


981 


RICH  Aims 


compelled  to  renounce  his  lonj;  clierislnMl  hopes 
and  give  up  the  plans  of  years;  for  he  was  a  <;ood 
scholar,  and  was  distinguished  in  his  class.  Having 
spent  a  year  at  the  Suffield  Literary  Institution, 
Conn.,  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  theological  study 
at  Hamilton.  \.  Y.,  which  he  completed  in  1S42. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Springfield,  Mass.,  May  11),  IS43,  where 
he  remained  three  years.  He  hecanie  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Dorchester,  Mass., 
in  the  summer  of  1846.  This  relation  he  sustained 
to  the  people,  who  were  warmly  attached  to  him, 
for  eight  years.  Long  continued  application  to  his 
ministerial  and  pastoral  work  fold  at  last  on  a  con- 
stitution never  strong,  and  he  declined  rapidly,  and 
passed  away  Sept.  4,  1854.  His  ministry  was  fruit- 
ful for  good,  especially  in  building  up  his  church 
in  knowledge  and  in  the  graces  of  the  Christian 
character. 

Richards,  Rev.  James,  was  horn  Jan.  2S,  1804, 
at  Llanddarog,  Carmarthenshire,  Wales.  He  began 
preaching  about  the  year  1819.  He  received  his 
theological  training  at  Ilorton,  now  Kawdon,  Col- 
lege, under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Steadman.  He 
had  not  been  long  in  the  ministry  before  his  repu- 
tation as  a  preacher  of  the  first  rank  was  estab- 
lished. His  style  was  exceedingly  ornate.  With 
a  weak  voice  and  quiet  manner,  he  was  nevertheless 
thrillingly  eloquent.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  has 
recently  been  published,  which  amply  sustains  the 
reputation  which  he  enjoyed.  His  principal  pastor- 
ates during  a  long  and  useful  life  were  Fishguard, 
Pembrokeshire,  and  Pontyprydd.  Monmouthshire. 
He  departed  this  life  .^ept.  2'J,  18i'i7. 

Richards,  Rev.  William,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
South  Wales  in  1749,  and  educated  at  Bristol  Col- 
lege. He  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Lynn,  England,  in  1776.  where  he  spent  the  rest  of 
his  life,  though  only  about  half  the  time  as  pastor 
of  the  church.     He  died  in  ISIS. 

Dr.  Richards  was  deeply  learned  in  Knglish  and 
Welsh  history,  and  in  other  departments  of  litera- 
ture. His  talents  and  culture  were  of  eminent 
importance  to  his  brethren  in  the  British  Islands 
in  defending  their  principles  against  Pedobai)tist 
assailants.  He  sympathized  with  our  Revolution- 
ary fathers  so  strongly  that  he  expressed  a  pref- 
erence for  the  union  of  Wales  (his  country)  with 
the  United  States  rather  than  with  the  British  em- 
pire. He  was  the  author  of  several  works  of  great 
value. 

Brown  University  conferred  up<in  him  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  In  accordance  with  a  purpose  which  he 
formed  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  before  hi.s 
death,  he  left  his  library  of  13(>)  volumes  to  Brown 
University.  This  treasure  enriches  our  oldest  col- 
lege to  this  d.nv. 

Richards,  William  C,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  was  born 


Xov.  24,  1818,  in  London,  England.  His  father 
came  to  this  country  in  1831,  and  settled  in  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  There 
the  son  joined  the  church  in  1833,  and  in  1834  en- 
tered Hamilton  Institution  with  a  view  to  the  min- 
istry, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1840.  In  IS69 
Madison  University  conferred  upon  him  its  first 
ilegree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  upon  the  occasion 

,  of  his  delivering  the  semi-centennial  poem.  After 
his  graduation  he  went  South,  and  was  for  ten 

I  years  engaged  in  literary  and  scientific  and  edu- 
cational work  in  (ieorgia. 

[  In  1S49  he  transferred  his  literary  efforts  to 
Charleston.  S.  C.  and  became  associated  therewith 
the  Southern  Quarierbj  Revieic.  In  18.')2  he  re- 
turned to  the  North,  with  the  understanding  that 
he  should  at  length  enter  the  ministry.  After  two 
or  three  years  of  varied  work  he  began  to  preach, 
and  early  in  IS.J.i  he  went  to  Providence,  H.  I.,  as 
associate  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  He 
was  ordained  in  Xew  York  in  July  of  that  j'car. 
Resigning  his  position  in  October,  he  was  pressed  to 
accept  the  charge  of  a  new  interest  to  be  immediately 
formed  in  the  city,  and  for  seven  years  was  pastor 
of  the  Brown  Street  Baptist  church.  In  1862  his 
health  failed.  He  then  began  his  public  lectures 
on  physical  science,  which  have  since,  engrossed 
the  most  of  his  time.  From  18G5  to  the  end  of 
1868,  however,  he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  while  residing  in  Berkshire 
was  elected  Profes.sor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Berk- 
shire Medical  College,  and  filled  the  chair  for  two 
years. 

In  1876  he  removed  to  Chicago,  ami  was  pastor 
there  for  a  year,  but  he  was  constrained  reluctantly 
to  resume  his  scientific  work.  His  literary  labors 
have  been  varied  and  voluminous.  In  1856  he 
prepared  the  memoir  of  (lov.  Briggs.  of  Massachu- 
setts. He  had  previously  published  ■"  Harry's  Va- 
cation,'' a  very  successful  book  on  every-day  science 
for  the  young.  His  contributions  to  the  leading 
magazines  of  prose  and  verse  are  numerous.  He 
has  printed  several  anniversary  and  college  poems. 
His  editorial  labors  have  covered,  at  intervals,  a 
period  of  forty  years,  and  for  four  years  past  he 
has  been  connected  with  the  Chicago  S/andanl. 
In  addition  to  his  popular  lectures — chiefly  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Mississippi — he  hiis 
prcaeheil  twice  nearly  every  ."sabbath,  and  frequently 
at  ni^ht.  to  large  as^eiriMios  on  religiim  and  science. 

Richards,  Zalmon,  A.M.,  was  bom  at  Cum- 
mington,  Mass..  Aug.  II,  1811,  and  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  in  the  same  State,  in  1836. 
Being  interested  in  the  cause  of  education,  he  has 
devoted  much  of  his  life  to  teaching.  He  was  at 
one  time  principal  of  the  Cummington  Academy, 
Mass..  of  the  Stillwater  Academy,  N.  Y.,  and  sub- 


RICHARDSON 


982 


RICHMOND 


scquently  of  tlie  preparatory  school  of  the  Colum- 
bian College.  At  present  he  is  principal  of  the 
Eclectic  Seminary,  in  Washington  City,  D.  C. 
Mr.  Ricliards  was  the  first  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Kiliicational  Association,  and  also  of  the 
Young  Men's  Cliristian  Association  of  Washing- 
ton, lie  has  contributed  various  articles  to  the 
American  Journal  of  Education,  and  also  to  other 
periodicals.  lie  has  also  filled  various  municipal 
offices,  having  been  president  of  the  common  council 
and  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  auditor  under  the 
District  government,  and  the  first  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  Washington.  lie  received  the 
degree  of  .\.M.  in  course  from  Williams  College. 

Richardson,  Rev.  Horace,  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  was  born  about  1X20;  gave  himself 
to  Christ,  and  was  baptized  in  his  youth.  He 
graduated  with  honor  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
184),  and  from  Newton  in  1844,  and  was  ordained 
at  Keene,  N.  H.,  in  1845.  where  he  was  pastor  one 
year.  In  1846  he  settled  at  West  Acton,  Mass., 
and  remained  pastor  there  seven  years.  In  18.53 
he  arrived  in  California,  and  spent  twelve  years  in 
teaching  and  preaching  at  various  places.  In  186.5 
he  was  appointed  general  distributing  agent  of  the 
American  Bible  Society,  and  spent  ten  years  in 
that  service.  lie  distributed  personally  over  sixty 
tons  of  Bibles,  preaching  everywhere  in  the  desti- 
tute regions,  doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  and 
leading  many  to  Christ.  He  died  at  Brooklyn, 
March  15,  1876. 

Richardson,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  N.  C,  June  16.  1839;  was  baptizeil 
by  Dr.  Wingate,  at  Wake  Forest  College,  in  1857  ; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1862;  was 
ordained  at  Litcliville  in  1862,  his  father,  Rev. 
Noah  Riclmrdson,  Rev.  John  Minsor,  and  Rev. 
B.  G.  Covington  constituting  the  Presbytery;  was 
nearly  four  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
State  Convention,  and  has  been  pastor  of  Greens- 
borougli,  High  Point,  and  Catawba  churches.  Mr. 
Richardson  is  widely  known  and  greatly  beloved 
by  his  brethren. 

Richardson,  Prof.  John  F.,  was  born  in  Oneida 
Co.,  X.  1.,  in  February,  1SU8  ;  was  a  graduate  of 
Madison  University  and  its  Professor  of  Latin  for 
fifteen  years.  In  18.50  he  accepted  the  same  chair 
in  the  University  of  Rochester,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death,  Feb.  11,  1868.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  work  entitlcil  "  The  True  Roman  Orthoepy," 
for  which  the  Right  Honorable  AV.  E.  (JIadstone, 
now  Prime  Minister  of  Great  Britain,  and  one  of 
the  finest  scholars  in  England,  thanked  him  in  an 
autograph  letter.  Prof.  Richardson  w,is  eminently 
a  learned  man,  of  great  refinement,  and  of  superior 
qualifications  for  imparting  instruction. 

Richardson,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Moore 
Co.,  X.  C,  June  30,   1804;  was  converted  under 


the  preaching  of  the  celebrated  Robert  T.  Daniel ; 
baptized  by  Elder  Farthing,  and  ordained  in  1827 
by  Elders  Swnim  and  Hymer.  His  father  died 
when  he  was  a  child.  His  reading  was  extensive, 
and  his  talents  superior.  His  control  over  an 
audience  was  .sometimes  wonderful,  and  many  are 
the  traditions  of  his  extraordinary  powers  as  a 
pulpit  orator.  He  preached  for  forty-five  years, 
and  his  great  popularity  is  evidenced  by  the  fact 
tliat  fur  twenty-seven  successive  years  he  was 
elected  to  preach  on  Sunday  at  the  sessions  of  his 
Association. 

Dr.  James  McDaniel.  of  Fayetteville,  and  Mr. 
Richardson  were  devoted  friends,  and  in  delivering 
his  funeral  sermon.  Dr.  McDaniel  said,  "  That  in 
his  prime  Noah  Richardson  was  the  best  preacher 
in  North  Carolina." 

He  was  especi:illy  cfl'cctivc  in  revival  meetings, 
and  is  said  to  have  baptized  thousands  during  the 
long  course  of  his  ministry.  He  died  Mav  9,  1867. 
lie  left  a  son.  Rev.  J.  B.  Richardson,  whu  w.is  for 
several  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Baptist 
.State  rVjnvcntion. 

Richardson,  Rev.  Phineas,  was  born  in  Me- 
thuen,  Mass.,  Feb,  2,  1787.  When  he  was  seven- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joshua 
Bradley,  and  united  with  the  church  in  London- 
derry, N.  II.  He  longed  to  be  able  to  preach  the 
gospel,  but  many  years  passed  before  his  wish  was 
gratified.  He  studied  for  a  time  with  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Chaplin  at  Danvers,  and  was  ordained  at 
Methuen  in  November,  1817.  Ilis  first  pastorate 
was  in  Gilmanton.  N.  II.,  where  he  commenced  his 
labors  in  March,  1818,  and  continued  as  the  minis- 
ter of  the  church  for  eighteen  years.  After  acting 
as  a  missionary  for  the  Convention  for  two  years, 
he  was  instrumental  in  gathering  a  church  in  IIol- 
lis,  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  for  eleven  years. 
He  was  then  pastor  of  the  church  in  New  Hamp- 
ton, N.  II.,  for  four  years.  The  last  two  years  of 
his  life  were  passed  in  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where  he 
died  in  January,  1860.  During  his  long  ministry 
he  was  honored  of  God.  as  the  instrument  of  doing 
a  good  work  for  the  JIaster  whom  he  delighted  to 
serve. 

Richmond  College. — Virginia  Baptists,  very 
soon  after  the  war  of  independence,  began  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  founding  a  seminary  of  learn- 
ing. In  1778  acommittee  was  appointed  to  further 
the  scheme,  and  upon  their  recommendation,  in 
1793,  the  General  Committee  of  the  Denomination, 
which  had  charge  of  the  matter,  appointed  trustees 
to  carry  into  effect  what  had  been  proposed.  For 
some  cau.se,  however,  no  practical  solution  of  the 
question  was  found,  and  while  from  time  to  time 
the  subject  was  agitated,  still  it  was  not  until  1830 
that  an  earnest  and  successful  efibrt  was  made  to 
establish  a  school  of  high  gr,ade,  which  should  be 


RICHMOND 


983 


RICHMOND 


umlor  tlie  control  of  Baptists,  and  which  should  be 
used  directly  to  advance  the  interests  of"  their  spe- 
cial work  in  the  State.  The  General  Association 
met  in  Kichmond  in  June,  1830,  and  it  was  while 
tliis  body  was  in  session  that  the  friends  of  educa- 
tion met,  and,  after  free  discussion,  orf;ani/.od  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Education  .Society.  Tlie  prime 
consideration  which  prompted  tlie  movement  was 
the  necessity  felt  on  all  sides  by  the  churches  for 
the  improvement  of  their  rising  ministry. 

Durinj;  the  first  and  second  years  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  society  thirteen  young  men  were  re- 
ceived for  instruction.  These  were  placed  in  pri- 
vate schools.  At  the  close  of  the  second  year  it 
was  found  that  the  number  of  students  would  be 
considerably  increased,  and  that  the  location  of  the 
schonl  with  permanent  teachers  was  therefore  ne- 
cessary. Accordingly,  a  farm  was  purchased,  and 
the  institution  assumed  the  name  of  the 

VIR(iINIA    BAPTIST    SEMINARY. 

The  location  of  the  seminary  was  about  five 
miles  from  Richmond.  It  was  opened  on  the  4th  of 
July,  bS32,  under  Rev.  Robert  Ryland.  The  scheme 
of  student  training  combined  manual  with  intellec- 
tual labor.  An  opportunity  occurring  soon  after 
for  securing  a  more  eligilde  site  for  the  seminary, 
in  the  most  beautiful  section  of  the  western  suburbs 
of  Richmond,  it  was  removed  to  the  present  loca- 
tion of  the  college.  From  this  time,  under  the  ju- 
dicious and  efficient  management  of  its  principal, 
upon  whom,  from  tlie  inception  of  the  enterprise, 
lia<l  devolved  an  unusual  share  of  anxious  scilicitude 
and  self-denying  labor,  the  number  of  students, 
which  before  had  been  comparatively  small,  rap- 
idly increased.  Of  these,  many  have  become 
widely  influential  and  useful  ministers  of  the  gos- 
pel, some  at  home,  others  in  foreign  lands,  while 
others  still  as  teacliers,  members  of  the  legal  and 
medical  professions,  and  men  of  lousiness,  have  won 
an  honorable  reputation  in  their  sj;veral  vocations. 

RICHMOND   COLLEGE. 

Desiring  still  further  to  enlarge  the  influence 
and  usefulness  of  the  institution,  its  founders  ap- 
plied to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  for  a 
college  charter,  which,  in  1.S40,  they  .secured.  Rev, 
Robert  Ryland  continued  in  the  presidency  under 
the  new  corporate  organization.  Efforts  were  made 
to  secure  a  permanent  endowment  with  consider- 
able success,  and  the  college  seemed  to  be  placed 
upon  a  broad  and  firm  foundation,  with  encour- 
aging prospects  of  an  extended  and  enduring  pros- 
perity. 

During  the  recent  war  the  exercises  of  the  insti- 
tution were  suspended,  and  the  greater  part  of  its 
endowment  fund  lost. 

In   ISOO    the  college  was  again  opened.      The 


alumni  an<l  other  friends,  sustained  )iy  the  warm 
love  and  determined  zeal  of  the  denomination 
which  had  founded  the  institution  in  the  past,  ral- 
lied to  the  support  of  the  trustees,  and  vigorous 
efforts  were  made  to  raise  the  loved  school  from  its 
prostrate  condition  and  restore  it  to  more  than  its 
former  efficiency  and  usefulness.  A  good  degree 
of  success  has  rewarded  these  efforts.  The  gifts 
of  a  people  suffering  severely  from  a  disastrous 
war  have  been  freely  and  generously  offered,  and 


KU  IIMU.MJ    COl.LECiE. 

equipment,  is  a  monument  to  the  faith,  love,  and 
generosity  of  that  noble  brotherhood,  the  Virginia 
Baptists. 

In  reorganizing  the  college  in  1S66  the  trustees  de- 
termined to  remodel  their  former  plans,  and  adopted 
the  organic  change  which  at  present  marks  its  suc- 
cessful scholastic  career.  The  jilan  is  that  o(  inde- 
pendent schodls.  of  which  at  present  there  are  eight 
in  the  academic  department  and  a  school  of  law.  The 
faculty  of  instruction  and  government  consists  of 
co-equal  professors,  one  of  whom  is  annually  chosen 
to  be  their  chairman  and  chief  executive  officer. 
To  them  as  a  body  is  committed  all  that  pertains 
to  the  discipline  and  interior  management  of  the 
institution,  while  each  professor  is  responsible  for 
the  efficient  conduct  of  his  own  school.  P^clecticism 
in  studies,  under  certain  restrictions,  prevails  with 
satisfactory  results.  There  are  five  academic  de- 
grees conferred  by  the  trustees  on  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  faculty,  viz.,  Bachelor  of  Literature, 
Bachelor  of  Science,  Bachelor  of  .Arts,  Master  of 
Arts,  and  Bachelor  of  Law.  There  are  also  school 
diplomas  for  those  who  graduate  in  the  school,  and 
certificates  of  proficiency,  promotion,  and  distinction 
when  a  certain  measure  of  success  is  attained  in 
the  regular  examinations. 

It  lias  been  the  aim  of  the  trustees  to  secure 
superior  scholarship  in  the  faculty,  and  the  vigor- 
ous, accomplished,  and  faithful  men  who  compose 
the  board  of  instruction  have  so  administered  their 
trust  as  to  prepare  their  students  for  and  require 
at  their  hands  a  high  standard  of  excellence  for 
graduation. 

Prominent  among  the  many  special  features  of 


KWHXOKD 


984 


IlICUMOXI) 


the  organization  mid  work  of  this  college  is  tlie 
school  of  English,  with  its  separate  professor,  in 
which  our  mother-tongue  is  carefully  and  elabo- 
rately studied. 

The  college  lost  her  library,  niuscuiii,  ami  !ipi)ii- 
ratus  among  the  other  o;ila"iities  of  war,  but  good 
foundations  arc  already  laid  for  increased  excel- 
lence in  each  of  these  important  departments.  The 
literary  societies  are  vigiirnus,  and  encourage  a 
worthy  emulation  in  the  arts  of  writing  and  .speak- 
ing among  the  students. 

KNDOWMEXT. 

The  property  of  the  corporation  consists  of  a 
most  excellent  plat  of  ground  just  within  the  cor- 
porate limits  of  the  city,  sufficiently  ample  for 
all  needed  improvements.  On  this  campus  there 
are  buildings  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  the 
college  and  capable  of  yet  wider  extension.  Be- 
sides this  realty,  which  is  justly  considered  very 
valuable  and  eminently  adapted  to  its  purpose,  there 
is  an  invested  fund  of  some  S~5,000,  wliose  income 
is  applied  to  the  purposes  of  education.  The  cor- 
poration is  not  encumbered  by  debt,  the  propertj- 
is  clear  and  the  investments  well  placed.  So  that 
it  may  be  justly  seen  that  this  institution,  so  long 
the  pride  and  hope  of  Virginia  Baptists,  is  doing 
the  work  of  a  college,  and  gives  promise  of  wide 
future  usefulness. 

It  is  important  to  notice  that  amid  all  the  changes 
of  fortune  and  the  gratifying  development  which 
has  marked  its  course,  there  has  been  no  departure 
from  the  plans  and  purposes  of  its  founders.  Min- 
isters of  the  gospel  are  still  and  must  ever  be 
"  privileged  students."  On  the  recommendation 
of  the  Education  Board  of  the  Baptist  General  As- 
sociation of  Virginia,  all  young  men  having  the 
ministry  in  view  are  received  free  of  all  college 
fees.  The  ties  which  bind  the  school  and  the 
churches  of  Virginia  are  tender  and  yet  powerful. 
Purely  literary  in  its  work,  yet  eminently  Chris- 
tian in  all  its  influences,  the  college  meets  the  ex- 
pectations and  claims  of  an  enlightened  constitu- 
ency, and  receives  at  their  hands  a  united  and 
cordial  support. 

Richmond  Female  Institute.— This  excellent 
school  for  young  ladies  was  chartered  by  the  Leg- 
islature of  Virginia,  March  2,  IS.W.  It  was  a 
joint-stock  enterprise,  and  cost,  including  lot, 
building,  and  apparatus,  about  S70,000.  Its  be- 
ginning was  remarkably  successful.  During  its 
first  session  of  1S54-55  it  had  191  students,  and 
during  its  second  session  268.  Until  the  war  its 
average  number  of  students  annually  was  about 
2U0,  and  since  that  time  about  100.  The  Bev.  B. 
Manly,  .Jr.,  was  its  organizer  and  first  presiclent, 
liDlding  that  position  during  1854-59.  Prof.  Chas. 
H.  Winston  succeeded  Dr.  Manly,  and  held  the  po- 


sition of  president  from  IS.V.I  to  1^73,  during  two 
years  of  which  period,  however, —  ISG3-65, — the 
school  was  closed  in  consequence  of  the  war.  Prof. 
.John  Hart  held  the  presidency  from  1873  to  1878, 
since  which  time  Miss  Sallie  B.  Uamner  has  filled 
the  jiosition  nf  principal  most  successfully.  The 
institution  has  been  greatly  impeded  in  its  move- 
ments by  pecuniary  difficulties,  but  still,  as  an 
educational  enterprise  of  the  denomination,  it  has 
been  of  incalculable  value  to  the  Baptists  of  Rich- 
mond and  of  the  State.  Its  boarding  patronage 
has  fallen  l)elow  the  expectation  of  its  founders, 
Ijecause  of  the  <ompetition  of  cheaper  schools  in 
country  districts,  but  it  has  always  commanded  an 
excellent  day  patronage,  and  the  superiority  of  its 
course  of  instruction  has  made  it  an  object  of  in- 
terest and  just  pride  to  the  denomination.  It  has 
usually  had  a  large  number  of  accomplished  in- 
structors, .sometimes  as  many  as  twenty,  and  has 
aimed  to  cover  the  whole  period  of  a  girl's  educa- 
tion from  the  most  elementary  studies  of  the  pre- 
paratory school  to  the  most  advanced  branches  of 
the  collegiate  department.  Much  attention  has 
always  been  given  to  music  and  art.  The  insti- 
tute, like  the  Universitj-  of  Virginia,  is  made  up 
of  "schools,''  of  wliich  there  are  eight ;  and  one 
can  become  a  "  full  graduate"  only  upon  the  com- 
pletion of  all  the  studies  of  all  the  schools,  after  a 
satisfactory  examination.  So  rigid  is  the  course, 
and  so  thorough  the  examination,  that  but  com- 
paratively few  students  attain  this  honor,  perhaps, 
on  an  average,  only  about  two  each  year.  As  a 
consequence,  the  diploma  of  the  Kichniond  Female 
Institute  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  those 
who  have  been  so  faithful  as  to  secure  it. 

Richmond,  Va.,  First  Baptist  Church  of, 
was  constituted  in  1780,  when  Richmond  was  a 
village,  with  a  population  of  about  18U),  half  of 
whom  were  Africans. 

Its  present  spacious  edifice,  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Broad  and  Twelfth  Streets,  was  dedi- 
cated Oct.  17,  1841.  It  was  designed  by  Thomas 
tJ.  ■Walter,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia.  In  1858  the 
seating  capacity  of  this  large  meeting-house  had 
to  be  increased  by  adding  to  the  rear  about  four- 
teen feet.  The  original  cost  of  the  building,  and 
its  subsequent  enlargement,  amount  to  .549,000. 

According  to  Dr.  Burmws  (First  Centenary  of 
the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Richmond,  p.  29). 
"This  church  of  fourteen  members  in  1780  has 
swelled  into  nineteen  clmrelies  in  Richmond  and 
.Manchester  in  1880.  with  16,847  members." 

.J.  B.  Hawthorne,  D.D.,  is  the  present  pastor  of 
this  venerable  mother-church. 

Richmond  Institute,  The,  for  the  training  of 
colored  preachers  and  te.icliers,  is  located  in  the 
city  of  Richmond,  Va.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Binney, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  American  Baptist  Ilome 


I.Al'rl^r    tULKCU.     Kl' 


63 


RICHMOND 


986 


RICHMOND 


Mission  Society,  opened  in  Novemlier,  1S65,  a 
school  in  that  city  for  the  preparation  of  colored 
men  for  the  ministry.  He  began  with  a  class  of 
about  twenty-five,  whom  lie  could  instruct  only  at 
night.  He  remained  in  churi;c,  however,  but  a 
short  time,  and  soon  after  returned  to  Burnuih. 
The  Congress  of  the  United  States  chartered,  May 
10,  1866,  the  National  Theological  Institute  of 
Richmond,  the  object  of  which  was  '•  the  judicious 
training  of  men  of  God  for  the  Christian  ministry," 
and  this  charter,  by  an  act  passed  May  2,  1867,  was 
amended,  and  the  name  changed  to  that  of  The 
National  Theiilogical  Institute  and  University.  Of 
this  institution  the  Rev.  -J.  D.  Fullon,  D.D.,  was 
made  president,  and  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Parker,  D.D., 
corrfesponding  secretary.  The  Rev.  N.  Colver, 
D.D.,  of  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  was 
subsequently  invited  to  the  presidency  of  the  in- 
stitute, which  he  accepted,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  May  13,  1867.  He  leased  for  three  years, 
at  a  rent  of  S3000  per  annum,  the  establishment 
known  as  Lumpkin's  Jail.  The  school  opened  in 
its  new  location  with  about  thirty  pupils,  two-thirds 
(if  whom  were  preparing  for  the  ministry.  The 
Rev.  Robert  llyland  was  associated  with  Dr.  Col- 
ver in  the  management  of  the  school  from  Septem- 
ber, 1867,  to  June,  1868,  when  he  resigned.  Dr. 
Colver,  also,  resigned  in  June,  1868,  in  conse- 
(|uence  of  failing  health.  Mr.  Corey,  then  in 
charge  of  a  similar  school  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  was 
invited  to  take  charge  of  the  Richmond  Institute, 
which  invitation  he  accepted,  entering  upon  his 
duties  in  October,  with  Miss  II.  W.  Goodman  as 
chief  assistant.  In  November  and  December  of 
1868  a  ministers'  institute  was  held,  the  principal 
lecturers  being  the  Rev.  Dr.  Parker  and  Mr.  Corey  ; 
it  was  attended  by  eighty -one  ministers  and  church 
officers,  in  addition  to  the  regular  students.  During 
this  winter  aVjout  sixty  pupils  attended  the  daily 
sessions  of  the  schools,  and  at  night  the  principal 
gave  instruction  to  another  cl.ass,  consisting  of 
sixty-eight  men.  In  May,  1869,  the  institute  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society,  and  since  that  time  has  been  under 
the  care  of  that  society.  On  the  expiration  of  the 
lease  of  Lumpkin's  Jail,  in  1870,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  secure  a  more  permanent  location.  The 
United  States  Hotel,  on  the  corner  of  Nineteenth 
and  Main  Streets,  was  purchased  Jan.  26,  1870.  and 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  it  was  occupied  by  the 
school.     This  building  was  erected  in   1818,  and 


also  gave  of  their  own  means,  and  in  addition  ren- 
dered valuable  service  by  their  daily  labor  on  the 
building.  One  hundred  and  two  of  the  students 
subscribed,  each,  ?100  to  the  endowment  of  the 
school, — $10,200,  paid  in  monthly  instalments. 
The  entire  amount  expended  in  repairing  the 
building  and  in  fitting  up  the  school-rooms,  up  to 
April  1,  was  upwards  of  Sll,tX)(t.  The  value  of 
the  building  and  furniture  is  estimated  at  ?.50,(XX). 
Since  the  close  of  the  war  about  ?80,000  have  been 
expended  in  buihiing  up  the  school  and  in  carrying 
on  its  work.  Six  hundred  students  have  enjoyed 
its  educational  advantages  for  a  longer  or  shorter 
time.  The  library  contains  about  2200  volumes. 
The  number  of  students  in  the  institute  during 
1878  was  103,  70  of  whom  were  preparing  for  the 
ministry. 

The  school  for  a  time  was  known  as  the  Colver 
Institute,  but  for  satisfactory  reasons  the  more 
general  name,  tlie  Richmond  Institute,  was  in.serted 
in  the  deed  wliich  conveyed  the  property  to  the 
trustees,  and  under  that  name  it  was  incorporated 
by  an  act  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Vir- 
ginia Feb.  10,  1876.  Dr.  Colver's  connection  with 
the  institute  continued  less  than  a  year.  Since 
1868  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Corey,  D.D.,  has  filled  the 
position  of  president.  The  following  persons  have, 
at  different  times,  been  its  instructors:  the  Rev. 
Robert  Ryland,  D.D.,  Miss  II.  W.  Goodman.  Rev. 
S.  3.  Nciley,  Mr.  Sterling  Gardner,  Rev.  J.  E. 
•Jones,  Mr.  D.  N.  Vassar.  The  following  students 
have  also  served,  temporarily,  as  teachers:  I.  T. 
Armistead,  Wm.  Cousins,  B.  J.  Medley,  A.  H. 
Cumber,  H.  B.  Bunts,  H.  II.  Johnson,  and  Chas. 
•J.  Daniel. 

Richmond,  Rev.  John  L.,  M.D.,  was  bom  in 
Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.,  April  b,  1785.  He  was 
converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  but  did  not  make 
a  profession  of  faith,  because  there  was  no  Baptist 
church  in  the  vicinity.  He  joined  the  Onondaga 
church  in  1S02.  He  studied  at  home,  and  gained 
a  considerable  mastery  of  Latin,  Greek,  and  mathe- 
matics. It  was  his  habit  to  read  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  the  Greek.  He  was  ordained  in  1817  at 
Camillus,  N.  Y.  He  became  pastor  of  East  Fork 
church,  0.,  in  1818,  and  of  Clough  Creek  church 
in  1819.  Having  already  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine,  he  entered  the  Ohio  Medical  College, 
and  graduated  in  1822.  He  became  a  physician 
that  he  might  support  his  family,  while  he 
preached  to  the  feeble  churches.     In  1832  he  re- 


was  at  one  time  the  most  fashionable  hotel  in  Rich-  ,  moved  to  Cincinnati,  practised  medicine,  lectured 
mond.  It  is  four  stories  high,  and  contains  about  I  in  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  and  preached  as  op- 
fifty  rooms.  It  is  said  to  have  cost  origIn:vlly  !  portunity  offered.  In  1824  or  182.5  he  performed 
$110,000,  and  it  was  purchased  for  §10.000.  The  the  "Caesarian  section,"  saving  the  life  of  the 
building  needed  extensive  repairs,  and  the  students  I  mother.  This  is  said  to  be  the  first  time  that  the 
collected  for  this  purpose  more  than  SIOOO  from  i  operation  was  ever  performed  in  this  country, 
the  citizens  of  Richmond,  white  and  colored  ;  they  |  (Indiana   Journal  of  Medicine,    July,    1872,    also 


RICHMOND 


987 


BICKER 


Wts/eni  Journal  <if  Medicine  and  Physical  Science, 
1830,  vol.  iii.  p.  48.5.)  In  IS33  he  removed  to 
Pendleton,  Ind.  While  living  here  he  preached 
for  the  churches  of  Fall  Creek  .ind  Anderson,  and 
continued  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  .June.  1S3.5, 
lie  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Indianapolis 
Baptist  church,  which,  to  use  his  own  language, 
•■  contained  at  that  time  about  twenty-six  available 
members."  He  continued  pastor  of  the  church  until 
it  was  united  and  strong,  then  he  resigneil,  and  was 
followed  by  Rev.  G.  C.  Chandler.  In  1840  he  had 
a  paralytic  stroke,  that  forbade  his  further  prac- 
tice of  medicine  for  the  time,  and  in  1S47  he  re- 
moved to  Covington,  Ind.,  and  became  a  member 
of  the  family  of  Albert  Henderson,  his  son-in-law. 
He  was  a  commissioned  surgeon  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  was  in  service  on  the  lakes.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  meeting  that  was  called  to  or- 
ganize an  Indiana  Baptist  Education  .Society,  and 
was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  board  of  the 
Indiana  Baptist  Manual  Labor  Institute  (after- 
wards Franklin  College).  He  was  a  member  of 
the  committee  appointed  to  obtain  a  college  char- 
ter. He  loved  to  study,  he  loved  to  preach,  and  he 
proclaimed  Christ  several  times  after  he  became  too 
feeble  to  stand.  One  of  his  remarks,  remembered 
by  his  brethren,  is  that'"  twenty  persons  could  sup- 
port a  pastor  if  they  were  willing  and  united,  and  a 
hundred  could  starve  him  as  easily."  He  died  in 
Covington,  Oct.  12,  18-55. 

Richmond,  Va.,  Religious  Herald  of.— In 
the  year  1826  the  Rev.  Henry  Keeling  commenced 
in  Richmond  the  publication  of  a  small  monthly 
magazine,  with  but  few  subscribers.  At  that  time 
there  were  only  four  Baptist  weekly  journals  in 
the  United  .States.  The  magazine  was  soon  merged 
in  the  Religious  Herald,  which  m.adc  its  first  ap- 
pearance Jan.  11,  1828.  The  plan  of  this  paper 
originated  with  Deacon  Wm.  Crane,  who  invited 
Mr.  Wm.  Sands,  an  English  printer  residing  in 
Baltimore,  to  assist  in  establishing  it.  Of  this 
paper  Keeling  was  the  editor.  Sands  the  printer, 
and  Crane  the  financial  supporter.  It  was  small, 
neat,  and  well  conducted.  After  a  short  time  the 
Rev.  Eli  Ball  became  the  editor,  who  held  the  posi- 
tion, however,  only  a  year  or  two.  The  editorial 
labor  then  devolvcil  upon  Mr.  .Sands,  who.  in  con- 
sequence of  his  e.'tperience  and  judgment,  as  well 
a"  his  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  denomin.a- 
tion  and  its  wants,  made  the  paper  quite  popular. 
Its  subscribers  gradually  increased  in  number  until, 
in  1857,  owing  to  the  feeble  health  of  Mr.  Sands, 
the  Rev.  David  Shaver  became  associate  editor. 
Dr.  Shaver  wielded  a  polished  and  vigorous  pen, 
and  in  written  argument  had  but  few  equals.  The 
Herald  continued  to  grow  in  favor,  influence,  and 
pecuniary  prosperity  until  the  war.  During  the 
disasters  of  that  period  nearly  every  religious  jour- 


nal in  the  South  was  suspended.  The  Herald  was 
reduced  in  size  to  half  a  sheet,  and  issued  monthly 
or  semi-monthly  ;  and,  on  April  3,  1865,  when 
Richmond  fell,  the  office  of  the  Herald,  with  all  its 
types,  papers,  and  fixtures,  was  burned,  its  mail- 
ing list  only  escaping  the  flames.  Rev.  J.  B.  .leter, 
D.D.,  and  Rev.  A.  E.  Dickinson,  D.D.,  purcha-sed 
the  subscription  list,  issued  a  specimen  number  of 
the  new  series  Oct.  I'J,  1865,  and  began  its  regular 
publication  on  the  16th  of  the  following  month. 
The  paper  was  greatly  improved  in  every  respect 
under  their  management,  and  was  characterized 
by  an  unusually  moderate,  conservative,  and  dig- 
nified tone.  Its  columns  for  many  years  have 
advocated  peace  within  our  borders,  and  much 
of  the  fraternal  feeling  which  has  grown  up  be- 
tween the  N'orthern  and  the  .'Southern  Baptists  since 
the  close  of  the  war  is  due  to  its  kindly  and  judi- 
cious course.  As  a  representative  of  Baptist  doc- 
trine it  stands  among  the  very  foremost.  It  treads 
unfalteringly  the  old  paths,  and  gives  no  uncertain 
sound  in  the  advocacy  of  gospel  truth.  Every 
good  cause  receives  its  cordial  and  constant  sup- 
port. The  Rev.  Drs.  Fuller  and  Furman  were,  for 
some  years,  associate  editors  of  the  Herald,  and 
their  elegant  and  vigorous  articles  have  been  read 
with  delight  by  multitudes.  Its  present  associate 
editors  are  the  Rev.  Dr.  Broadus,  of  Louisville; 
Dr.  Brantly,  of  Baltimore  ;  Dr.  Upbam,  of  Boston; 
and  Prof.  Puryear,  of  Richmond, — all  of  whom 
bring  to  the  pages  of  the  paper  an  experience  in 
authorship,  and  a  brilliancy  and  vigor  of  style,  that 
make  the  Herald  one  of  the  most  attractive  and  in- 
structive of  our  denominational  journals. 

Since  the  death  of  Dr.  Jeter,  Prof.  H.  H.  Harris, 
D.D..  has  become  junior  editor,  and  his  scholarly 
pen  increases  the  attractions  of  the  Herald. 

Ricker,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Parsons- 
field,  Me.,  June  27,  1814.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
was  hopefully  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Willard  Glover,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Par- 
sonsfield  church.  He  graduated  at  Waterville  Col- 
lege, now  Colby  University,  in  the  class  of  1839. 
In  May  of  this  year  he  took  the  editorial  charge 
of  Zion'n  Advocate,  in  Portland,  Me.  Having  con- 
nected himself  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Portland,  he  was  licensed  by  that  church,  in  the 
spring  of  1840,  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  was  or- 
dained as  an  evangelist  May  12.  1842.  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  Gloucester,  Me.,  entering  upon  his  duties 
Jan.  1,  1843.  He  remained  in  New  Gloucester  be- 
tween four  and  five  years,  and  then  became  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Belfast,  Me.,  where  he  continued 
until  the  fall  of  1852,  when  he  removed  to  Woburn, 
Mass.,  to  take  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  in 
that  place.  His  relation  with  this  church  continued 
for  more  than  five  years.     Having  resigned,  he  ao- 


niDBELL 


988 


RILEY 


cepted  an  invitation  to  become  clia|ilain  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts State  Prison,  which  position  he  held  for 
two  years  and  a  half,  and  then  returned  to  the  pas- 
torate, having  accepted  a  call  from  the  church  in 
Milford,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  five  years,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  lie  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Augusta,  Mc,  acting  for  two  years — 
1S70  and  1871 — as  chaplain  of  the  Maine  Insane 
Hospital. 

For  several  years  Dr.  Ricker  was  the  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  Maine  Baptist  Convention. 
The  duties  of  the  office  requiring  the  services  of 
some  one  all  the  time,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  Augusta,  and  gave  his  entire  energies 
to  the  work  assigned  to  him  by  the  State  Conven- 
tion. In  this  position,  which  he  continues  to  hold, 
he  has  labored  since  Jan.  1,  bS72.  Through  his 
life  Dr.  Kicker  has  done  a  large  amount  of  clerical 
work,  having  been  the  clerk  of  two  Maine  Associa- 
tions for  fcmrteen  years  and  of  the  Maine  Sabbath- 
School  Union  for  five  years.  He  was  the  secretary 
of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Convention  from  1858 
to  IMJ"),  and  of  the  Maine  Baptist  Convention  from 
1809  to  the  present  time.  He  has  also  been  instru- 
mental in  tlie  erection  of  several  houses  of  worship, 
and  in  raising  the  necessary  funds  to  enable  more 
than  one  church  to  pay  oft'  its  debts.  To  such  ob- 
jects as  these  he  has  himself  been  a  lilieral  donor. 
Colby  University,  of  which  Dr.  Ricker  was  made  a 
trustee  in  1849,  conferred  upon  him  tlie  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1868. 

Riddell,  Mortimer  S.,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  East 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  May  8,  1827.  His  pious  mother 
consecrated  him  to  the  Christian  ministry  while  he 
was  an  infant.  He  was  converted  and  baptized  at 
the  age  of  fifteen.  He  studied  three  years  at  the 
Hamilton  Academy.  In  1844  became  clerk  in  a 
store  in  Hamilton,  and  subsequently  its  proprietor. 
After  that  he  carried  on  the  same  business  in 
Watertown,  N.  Y.,  for  nine  years.  "  Impressed  by 
the  long-cherished  wish  of  his  mother,  and  by  the 
appeals  of  a  faithful  pastor,"  he  entered  the  theo- 
logical seminary  at  Hamilton  in  1858.  On  his 
graduation  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
at  New  Brunswick,  N,  J.,  and  immediately  en- 
tered the  first  rank  of  preachers  in  that  college 
town.  Of  small  stature  and  delicate  constitution, 
he  had  an  active  brain  and  a  large  heart.  His  at- 
tractive style  of  sermonizing,  clear  and  accurate 
judgment,  strong  sympathy  with  the  people,  and 
full  recognition  of  duty  as  a  Christian  pastor  and 
a  patriotic  citizen,  marked  him  for  a  leader.  In 
social  power,  spiritual  earnestness,  and  intellectual 
activity  he  excelled  most  men,  and  his  eight  years' 
pastorate  was  full  of  deserved  success.  In  the 
spring  of  1867  there  was  a  precious  revival,  into 
■which  Dr.  Riddell  threw  his  whole  soul.  His  deli- 
cate health  gave  way.     There  were  long  months 


of  absence  for  health.  The  church  showed  great 
kindness  and  afiectiun,  and  only  accepted  his  resig- 
nation after  he  pressed  it  repeatedly.  He  did  not 
long  survive.  Feb.  1,  1870,  he  peacefully  fell 
asleep  at  Ottawa,  Kansas.  His  body  was  sent,  ac- 
cording to  his  wish,  "  to  lie  among  his  dear  people 
in  New  Brunswick." 

Madison  University  conferred  u)ion  him  the 
degree  of  D.D.  in  1867.  Several  of  his  sermons 
and  addresses  were  published  by  request. 

Eigby,  Rev.  N.  L.,  was  bom  in  Skclmersdale, 
Lancashire,  England,  April  21,  1839.  At  the  age 
of  twelve  he  formed  the  purpo.se  of  coming  to 
America,  and  on  the  4th  of  April,  1856,  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  he  started  alone  for  this  country.  Two 
years  later  he  found  Christ,  and  on  the  4th  of 
April,  1858,  be  was  baptized  in  Bloomington,  111. 
In  two  years  more  he  had  his  "commission  to 
preach  the  gospel,"  and  in  September,  I860,  en- 
tered ShurtlefT  College,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1866,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1869.  He 
graduated  from  both  institutions  with  honor.  On 
June  25,  1869,  he  was  ordained  at  Fairbury,  111. 
In  October,  1870,  be  located  as  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  atChetopa,  Kansas.  In  two  years  at  this 
point  he  baptized  seventy-five  persons,  fifty  of  whom 
were  Delaware  Indians,  living  in  the  Territory. 
On  the  22d  of  June,  1873,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Winfield,  Kansas,  his  present  home.  In 
1876  his  health  failed,  and  since  then  he  has  had 
no  regular  charge. 

KiggS,  Rev.  Bethuel,  a  pioneer  minister  in 
Missouri,  was  born  in  1760,  in  New  Jersey.  Not 
much  is  known  of  his  early  life;  nearly  half  of 
which  was  spent  out  of  Missouri.  When  about 
eighteen  he  enlisted  in  the  army  to  fight  for  Ameri- 
can independence.  He  married,  early  in  life,  Miss 
Nancy  Lee,  sister  of  a  celebrated  pioneer  Baptist 
minister,  James  Lee,  who  preached  with  his  gun 
by  bis  side  when  fearing  an  attack  from  Indians. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  Bethuel  Riggs  was  con- 
verted, and  became  a  Baptist  minister.-  Soon 
after  he  removed  to  North  Carolina,  and  then 
to  Georgia,  where  he  traveled  extensively,  and 
preached  with  great  success.  Subsequently  he 
removed  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  opposite  Cincin- 
nati. In  1809  he  settled  in  Missouri,  and  lived  in 
St.  Charles  County  for  eight  years.  He  thence 
removed  to  Troy,  the  seat  of  Lincoln  County,  near 
a  sulphur  spring,  and  a  church  was  organized  in 
182.3  at  his  house,  called  after  the  name  of  the 
spring,  and  for  years  he  was  its  pastor.  He  trav- 
eled much  over  Warren,  St.  Charles,  Lincoln, 
Montgomery,  and  Pike  Counties,  preaching  Christ. 
He  finally  removed  to  Monroe  County,  where  he 
dieil,  and  was  buried  beside  his  faithful  wife. 

Riley,  Rev.  Garrard  W.,  has  been  connected 
with  the  Baptist  ministry  of  Illinois  since  the  year 


RILEY 


989 


RIPLEY 


1836,  and  is  therefore  at  the  present  time  one  of 
the  oldest,  as  he  is  one  of  the  niost  respected,  min- 
isters in  the  State.  Ilis  father,  Jolin  W.  Kiley,  liis 
grandfatlier,  Garrard  Kiley,  and  his  great-j;rand- 
father,  Xinian  Riley,  were  all  earnest  and  useful 
Baptist  ministers  in  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  and 
Illinois.  lie  is  himself  one  of  four  brothers,  all 
of  whom  are  Baptist  ministers, — Rev.  C.  L.  Riley 
and  Rev.  A.  J.  Riley  in  Indiana,  Rev.  J.  AV.  Riley 
in  California,  liiniself,  for  a  period  of  forty-four 
years,  in  Illinois.  He  was  born  Sept.  2,  1S13,  and 
was  baptized  at  the  age  of  nineteen  by  Rev.  Aran 
•Sargent  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Bethel  church, 
Clermont  Co.,  0.  In  11S36  he  was  ordained  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Bloomfield  church.  111.,  where  he  re- 
mained ten  years.  At  that  time  he  removed  to 
Paris,  the  county-seat  of  Edgar  County,  where  he 
enjoyed  a  pastorate  of  marlced  success  for  twelve 
years,  the  church,  organized  with  eight  members  at 
the  beginning  of  his  ministry,  growing  to  a  mem- 
bership of  ISO.  His  work  since  has  been  chiefly 
at  Urbana,  Champaign,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  a 
second  jiastorate  at  Paris.  During  his  ministry 
he  has  baptized  more  than  2000  persons,  organized 
about  40  churches,  built  and  dedicated  about  20 
meeting-houses,  his  work  always  branching  out 
from  the  main  points  held  into  the  region  round 
about.  A  man  of  singular  enterprise  and  self-de- 
votion in  his  work,  and  held  in  high  esteem  in 
every  community  where  his  name  is  known. 

Riley,  Judge  Eichard,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1735.  His  early  life  was  blameless.  In  1765  he 
was  made  a  magistrate,  and  he  held  the  office  until 
our  national  independence  was  declared.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  for  Penn- 
sylvania. He  served  in  the  Legislature  for  two 
terms.  In  1791  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of 
assistant  judge,  a  permanent  position. 

He  made  a  profession  of  religion  about  1772,  and 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Philadelphia.  He  subsequently 
united  with  the  Sansom  Street  church,  and  con- 
tinued in  its  fellowship  till  the  formation  of  the 
Marcus  Hook  church,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
memlier,  and  witli  it  remained  until  death  opened 
for  him  a  blessed  entrance  into  the  general  as- 
sembly and  church  of  the  first-born  in  glory.  He 
died  -Vug.  27,  1S20:  his  venerable  companion  re- 
joined him  in  the  skies  just  one  month  afterwards. 

.ludge  Riley  was  a  great  friend  of  missions,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  formation  of  a  local  so- 
ciety to  send  the  gospel  to  the  heathen  before  the 
establishment  of  the  General  Convention.  He  was 
a  man  of  broad  views,  of  great  Ijenevolence,  of  ex- 
tensive information,  and  of  ardent  piety.  His 
connection  with  the  denomination  was  an  honor, 
and  his  influence  on  its  behalf  at  the  mercy-seat  was 
a  power. 


He  endured  with  great  patience  the  weakness 
and  pains  of  a  two  years'  sickness  before  his  death, 
and  he  left  this  for  the  better  world,  cheered  by  the 
holiest  expectations  and  the  sweetest  peace.  The 
Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  in  its  session  of 
1S20,  passed  a  resolution  in  which  it  "condoles 
with  the  church  at  Marcus  Hook  in  the  removal 
of  our  venerable  brother,  Richard  Riley." 

Ripley,  Henry  Jones,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, -Jan.  2~<,  IT'J"'.  and  was  of  a  family  more  than 
one  member  of  which  was  remarkable  for  great 
gentleness  and  sweetness  of  temper  and  manners. 
He  enjoyed  the  best  facilities  which  his  native  city 
aflbrded  for  the  acquisition  of  a  thorough  prepara- 
tory education  to  tit  him  for  college.  To  say  of 
him  that  he  was  a  '"  medal  scholar'"  of  the  Boston 
Latin  School,  and  was  fitted  to  enter  Harvard  Uni- 
versity at  theearly  age  of  fourteen,  is  to  speak  in  high 
terms  of  his  scholarship.  It  was  safe  to  predict  that, 
if  his  life  should  be  spared,  he  would  win  distinction 
in  whatever  profession  he  might  select  as  his  call- 
ing in  life.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1816,  and  soon  after,  having  become  a  hopeful 
Christian,  he  repaired  to  the  Andover  Theological 
Institution  to  fit  himself  for  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry.  At  the  close  of  his  Andover 
course  he  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  in  the 
Baldwin  Place  church,  Boston,  Xov.  7,  1819,  and 
commenced  his  ministry  among  the  colored  people 
in  Georgia.  After  some  months  of  evangelical 
labor  in  the  South  he  returned  North,  and  for  a 
year  preached  in  Enstport,  Me.  Prevented  by  the 
severity  of  the  climate  from  making  a  permanent 
settlement  in  Eastport,  he  returned  once  more  to 
Georgia,  and  for  nearly  five  years  labored  most 
faithfully  in  that  section,  until  an  invitation  was 
extended  to  him  to  become  Professor  of  Biblical  Lit- 
erature and  Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution.  Such  a  call  brought  him  back 
to  the  scenes  and  associations  of  his  younger  days, 
and  he  was  not  unwilling  to  respond  affirmatively 
to  it.  He  entered  upon  his  work  as  profc8s<jr  at 
Newton  in  1826,  and  remained  in  the  institution 
until  his  resignation  in  1S60,  a  period  of  thirty- 
four  years.  He  did  not  confine  himself  to  the 
special  department  of  which  he  had  been  called  to 
take  the  charge,  but  as,  from  time  to  time,  emer- 
gencies arose,  he  took  his  classes  over  ground  out- 
side of  his  appointed  field  of  labor.  "  By  a  careful 
survey  of  his  professional  life,"  says  Dr.  Stearns, 
"  it  appears  that  he  taught  more  or  less  in  every 
department  of  the  institution's  curriculum.  He 
did  this  diligently  and  laboriously."  While  he  was 
performing  the  duties  of  his  oflioe.  his  busy  pen 
was  at  work  on  the  magazine  and  review  articles, 
and  on  the  more  elaborate  volumes  which  he  com- 
mitted to  the  press.  Among  the  latter  wliich  have 
been  received  with  much  favor,  not  only  by  his  own 


RIPLET 


990 


RIPPON 


denoiuination  but  by  Christiiin  scholars  of  other 
names,  we  mention  his  "  Notes  on  the  Four  Gos- 
pels,'' "  Notes  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,"  "Notes 
on  the  Epistle  to  the  lioinans,"  "  Notes  on  the  Epis- 
tle to  the  Hebrews,  with  new  translation,"  "  Sacred 
Khetoric  ;  Composition  and  Delivery  of  Sermons," 
and  "  Church  Polity  :  a  Treatise  on  Christian 
Churches  and  the  Christian  Ministry." 

Several  years  were  passed  in  the  quiet  of  Iiis 
study,  after  his  resijjnation.  devoted  to  literary  work. 
His  old  love  for  the  colored  people  of  Georjria  seems 
to  have  been  aaain  awakened,  and  he  accepted  an 
appointment  which  carried  him  back  again  to 
Georgia,  where  he  labored  with  great  zeal  and 
fidelity  the  better  part  of  a  year,  when  he  returned 
once  more  to  his  beloved  Newton  home,  never  again 
to  leave  it.  He  found  most  congenial  employment 
in  the  institution  library,  for  whicli  he  cherished 
an  affection  bordering  on  that  which  a  mother  feels 
for  the  child  of  her  love  and  care.  He  labored  in 
many  ways  to  increase  its  efficiency  and  make  it 
a  model  of  what  the  library  of  a  theological  insti- 
tution sliould  be;  and  in  this  he  was  singularly 
successful,  and  if  Newton  may  boast  of  its  well- 
selected  collection  (if  some  of  the  best  books  in  all 
the  departments  of  Biblical  science,  she  will  never 
forget  the  mind  and  the  heart  which  had  so  much 
to  do  in  making  the  library  what  it  now  is. 

Dr.  Ripley  died  at  his  residence  at  Newton  Cen- 
tre, the  modest,  unpretending  home  which  his  pupils 
so  well  remember.  May  21,  18T.'),  having  reached 
the  ripe  and  well-rounded  age  of  seventy-seven 
years  and  four  months.  His  memory  is  very  fra- 
grant in  the  hearts  of  hundreds  who  knew  him  but 
to  love  and  revere  him. 

Ripley,  Rev.  Thomas  Baldwin,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  25,  1795.  Like  his  brother, 
Prof.  Henry  J.  Ripley,  he  received  hisearjy  training 
in  the  excellent  schools  of  Boston,  and  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1814.  He  was  a 
pupil  of  Rev.  Dr.  Staughton,  of  Philadelphia,  for 
one  year,  and  then  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me.,  July  24, 
1816,  and  for  twelve  years  held  the  office  to  which 
he  had  been  chosen.  His  labors  were  much  bles.sed 
in  the  conversion  of  sinners  and  the  building  up 
of  the  church.  From  Portland  he  was  called  to 
take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Bangor. 
Me.  Here  he  remained  for  five  years.  On  leaving 
Bangor  he  supplied  for  a  time  two  or  three  churches, 
his  connection  with  them  all  being  a  comparatively 
short  one,  and  then  removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn. 
He  preached  for  a  brief  period  in  several  places  in 
the  Southwest,  and  then  came  back  to  New  Eng- 
land and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  Port- 
land. Me.,  where,  among  his  old  parishioners  and 
friends,  he  came  to  be  recognized  by  the  afiectionate 
name  of  "  Father  Ripley."     As  a  city  missionary 


he  rendered  an  acceptable  service  in  the  place  of 
his  former  residence,  and,  respected  and  beloved  by 
the  community  in  which  he  had  lived  so  many 
years,  he  at  length  passed  away  on  the  4th  of  May. 
1X76. 

Mr.  Ripley  was  a  man  of  almost  childlike  guile- 
lessness  and  transparency  of  character.  He  loved 
the  cause  of  Christ  with  a  strength  and  tenderness 
of  afiection  seldom  equaled.  He  lived  to  do  good 
and  to  commend  the  gospel  to  others  by  his  holy 
teachings  and  his  pure,  blameless  life.  He  walked 
among  men,  bis  head  always  lifted  upwanl.  literally 
as  well  as  spiritually,  as  if  in  the  clouds  he  saw  the 
gates  of  the  celestial  city,  and,  "a  pilgrim  and 
stranger"  here,  was  hastening  thither.  For  more 
than  eighty  years  his  Master  kept  him  here,  and 
always  found  some  congenial  work  for  him  to  do. 
The  church  of  God  is  the  richer  for  such  men.  So 
much  real  goodness  in  this  wicked  world  could  be 
no  other  than  a  Idessing  to  humanity  and  a  glory 
to  him  whose  divine  nature  was  so  largely  repro- 
duced in  one  of  whom  it  could  so  truly  be  said, 
"  he  walked  with  God,  and  he  was  not,  for  God 
took  him." 

Rippon,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Tiverton,  in 
Devonshire,  England,  in  1751.  When  about  six- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  called  by  divine  grace  to 
follow  Jesus.  When  a  little  over  seventeen  he  en- 
tered Bristol  Baptist  College.  When  about  twenty- 
one  he  became  the  successor  of  the  great  Dr.  Gill, 
in  London.  Mr.  Rippon  had  neither  the  talents 
nor  the  learning  of  his  illustrious  predecessor,  but 
he  was  l)old,  witty,  and  ready  in  speech ;  big 
"  preaching  was  lively,  affectionate,  and  impres- 
sive ;"  his  administration  of  church  affixirs  was 
marked  by  great  prudence,  and  he  soon  became 
very  popular.  The  church  edifice  was  enlarged, 
and  the  community  over  which  he  presided  was 
"  one  of  the  wealthiest,"  according  to  Spurgeon,. 
"  within  the  pale  of  Nonconformity."  Dr.  Rippon 
was  a  great  friend  of  missions,  and  his  church 
gave  large  sums  to  the  home  and  foreign  Baptist 
missionary  societies. 

He  projected  and  edited  the  Bapiisi  Tterjister,  to 
give  our  brethren  in  Europe  and  America  an  organ 
through  which  they  might  address  each  other. 

Dr.  Rippon  was  engaged  in  preparing  a  work 
commemorating  the  saintly  worthies  who  were  in- 
terred in  Bunhill  Fields,  but  the  book  never  was 
published.  His  plan  embraced  the  records  on  every 
stone.  J.  A.  Jones,  in  his  "Bunhill  Memorials," 
in  which  he  gives  sketches  of  three  hundred  min- 
isters and  other  persons  of  note  buried  in  Bunhill 
Fields,  produced  probably  a  much  more  valuable 
book  than  Dr.  Rippon's  time  would  have  permitted 
him  to  write. 

Dr.  Rippon  is  best  known  by  his  "  Selection  of 
Hymns."     This  work  for  a  long  period,  with  the 


RITNER 


991 


ROBERT 


hymns  of  Dr.  Watts,  was  used  in  Baptist  churclies. 
Mr.  Spurgeon  gays  that  his  '■  •  .Selection  of  Hymns' 
was  an  estate  to  him."  And  he  adds,  '"  In  his  hiter 
days  he  was  evidently  in  very  comfortable  circum- 
stances, for  we  have  often  heard  mention  of  his 
carriage  and  pair." 

He  was  a  friend  to  America  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle,  us  the  English  Baptists  generally  were. 

He  was  pastor  of  the  community  now  worshipping 
in  the  Metropolitan  Tabernacle,  over  which  Rev. 
C.  II.  Spurgeon  at  present  presides,  from  1773  to 
1S36,  a  period  of  sixty-three  years. 

Eitner,  Rev.  I.  Newton,  was  born  near  Mal- 
vern, Pa.,  Feb.  2:!,  ]>;41.  "Born  again"  in  De- 
cember, IS.i",  during  revival  meetings  held  at  a 
Lutheran  church.  Declined  to  be  sprinkled  on 
account  of  Bible  convictions,  and  was  subse- 
quently b.aptized  in  Philadelphia  by  Rev.  Dr.  D. 
B.  Cheney,  April  4,  1858.  Ilis  father  was  baptized 
at  the  same  time,  he  having  been  led  to  accept 
Christ  through  words  written  by  the  son.  Was 
educated  for  a  business  life,  but  was  diligent  in 
labors  for  souls  in  connection  with  business  pur- 
suits. Declined  an  offer  to  provide  for  his  liberal 
education  on  condition  of  entering  the  Presbyte- 
rian ministry.  Entered  the  army  in  1861,  and  be- 
came brevet  captain  "  for  faithful  and  meritorious 
services.''  After  four  years  of  service  he  returned 
to  Philadelphia,  and  became  book-keeper  in  a  large 
mercantile  house.  United  with  the  Fifth  church, 
and  soon  gathered  a  large  and  interesting  Bible- 
class,  more  than  forty  of  whom  were  led  to  Christ. 
He  also  served  as  deacon  and  trustee.  During  the 
summer  of  1873  he  was  impressed  with  the  thought 
that  the  Lord  desired  him  to  preach  the  gospel. 
With  his  slowly  and  prayerfully  reached  convic- 
tions he  found  the  church  in  hearty  accord,  and  he 
was  ordained  Feb.  12,  1874.  He  began  his  minis- 
try first  as  ■■  stated  supply,''  then  as  pastor  of  the 
Eleventh  church,  Philadelphia,  in  whose  meeting- 
house he  had  previously  put  on  Christ  by  baptism. 
In  this  field  of  labor  he  continues  to  glorify  God 
in  both  body  and  spirit.  He  is  a  faithful,  con- 
scientious, self-sacrificing  servant  of  the  Lord 
Jesus,  and  his  labors  are  marked  with  manifold 
tokens  of  divine  fiivor.  He  has  served  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Phil.idelphia  Conference  of  Baptist  Min- 
isters since  187),  and  is  associated  with  his  breth- 
ren in  other  important  trusts. 

River  Baptisms  in  Venerable  Bede's  Eccle- 
siastical History. — This  distinguislied  Chris- 
tian, the  first  English  historian,  died  in  735.  His 
"  Church  History"  gives  an  account  of  the  conver- 
sion of  the  '"Angles,  Jutes,  and  Saxons,"  his  Eng- 
lish fathers.  In  it  he  says,  "  Paulinus,  coming 
with  the  king  and  queen  of  the  Northumbrians  to 
the  royal  country-seat  of  Adgfrin  (Yeverin,  in 
Glendale),  stayed  there  with  them  thirty-six  days, 


fully  occupied  in  catechising  and  baptizing,  during 
which  days,  from  morning  till  night,  he  did 
nothing  else  but  instruct  the  people  resorting  from 
all  the  villages  and  places  in  Christ's  saving  Word, 
and  when  instructed  they  were  washed  (abluere)  in 
the  river  Glen,  which  was  near  by,  with  the  water 
of  absolution.  These  things."  he  says, "'  happened 
in  the  province  of  the  Bornicians ;  but  in  that  of 
the  Deiri  also,  where  he  was  accustomed  often  to 
be  with  the  king,  he  Imptized  in  the  ricer  Sicale 
(in  Sualo  fluvio),  which  flows  past  the  village  of 
Cataract"  (Carrick,  in  Yorkshire).  lie  speaks  also 
of  an  old  man  who  said  that  "  he  and  a  great  mul- 
titude were  baptized  at  noomlay  in  the  presence  of 
King  Edwin  in  the  river  Trent  by  the  bishop, 
Paulinus"  [in  fluvio  Treeiita).  (Eccles.  Hist.,  lib. 
ii.  14,  p.  105;  lib.  ii.  If),  p.  107.  Oxonii,  1846.) 
Paulinus,  like  John  and  the  Jordan,  used  the  flow- 
ing river  for  his  font. 

Robbins,  A.  C,  deacon  of  the  First  Baptist 
church.  Yanjiiiuth,  Xova  .Scotia,  was  born.  Oct.  19, 
1819,  in  Chebiigue.  Yarmouth  Co..  Xova  .Scotia; 
is  one  of  Yarmouth's  largest  and  wealthiest  ship- 
owners and  most  influential  citizens.  In  1876, 
Mr.  Robbins  contributed  $10,000  towards  the  en- 
dowment of  Acadia  College. 

Robert,  Rev.  Baynard  C,  a  pioneer  preacher 
in  Rapides  Parisli.  La.,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina in  1800.  He  came  to  Louisiana  in  1818  ;  was 
ordained  in  1821, — the  second  Baptist  minister 
ever  ordained  in  the  State.  He  was  a  man  of  in- 
telligence and  ability,  and  was  instrumental  in 
founding  many  churches  in  his  region.  He  was 
often  moderator  of  the  Louisiana  Association.  He 
died  in  1865. 

Robert,  Maj.  Henry  Martyn.  U.S.A.,  is  a 
native  of  Robertville,  Beaufort  District,  now 
Hampton  Co.,  S.  C,  where  he  was  born  May  2, 
1837.  His  father  is  Rev.  -Joseph  T.  Robert.  Sr..  _ 
LL.D.,  president  of  Atlanta  Baptist  Tlieological 
.Seminary.  His  mother,  who  has  been  dead  several 
years,  was  a  descendant  of  the  well-known  Lawton 
family  of  South  Carolina,  being  a  daughter  of  Gen. 
Lawton,  U.S.A..  for  many  years  commander  at 
West  Point.  M.ij.  Robert's  paternal  ancestors 
were  French  Huguenots,  who  settled  in  his  native 
town  and  gave  it  its  name  in  1680.  His  paternal 
grandfather  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  but  be- 
came a  Baptist,  and  with  him  the  Baptist  element 
in  the  family  begins.  When  thirteen  years  i.f 
age  Henry  made  a  public  profession  of  religion, 
and  was  baptized  by  his  father  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portsmouth,  O.,  of 
which  he  was  then  pastor.  Having  completed  his 
primary  education,  and  having  spent  one  year  at 
Denison  University,  he  entered  West  Point  Mili- 
tary Academy  in  18.53,  when  sixteen  years  of  age. 
He  graduated  at  twenty,  the  youngest  member  of 


ROBERT 


902 


ROBERT 


his  class.  He  received  liis  coimnissiun  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  engineers, 
U.S.A.,  in  wiiicli  he  has  served  ever  since.  After 
•graduating  lie  was  appointed  assistant  pi-ofessor 
of  Natural  Philosophy  at  West  Point,  and  subse- 
quently he  was  transferred  to  the  department  of 
Practical  Enj^ineering.  In  1858  he  was  ordered  to 
the  Department  of  the  Pacific,  and  stationed  at 
Fort  Vancouver,  Washington  Territory.  During 
the  critical  period  of  the  Northwest  boundary  diffi- 
culty between  our  country  and  Great  Britain,  Maj. 
Robert  was  put  in  charge  of  the  defenses  and  troops 
on  San  Juan  Island. 

When  the  civil  war  broke  out  Maj.  Robert,  al- 
though of  .Southern  birth,  and  although  all  liis  rel- 
atives resided  in  the  South,  and  were  in  sympathy 
with  Southern  sentiments,  hesitated  not  a  moment 
as  to  his  duty.  He  heartily  espoused  the  Union 
cause,  and  devoted  his  services  to  the  government 
which  had  educated  him,  and  which  he  loved.  He 
served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  McClellan,  the  com- 
mander of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  lie  had 
charge  of  building  the  fortifications  around  Wash- 
ington. During  this  service  his  health  was  so 
seriously  prostrated  as  to  require  less  fatiguing 
duty,  and  he  was  accordingly  transferred  tn  Phila- 
delphia, to  erect  fortifications  for  that  city,  and 
subsequently  he  had  charge  of  a  similar  service  at 
New  Bedford,  Mass. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  again  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  department  of  Practical  Military  Engi- 
neering at  West  Point.  In  1867  he  was  assigned  to 
the  Military  Department  of  the  Pacific,  serving  as 
chief  engineer  on  the  staff  of  Maj. -Gens.  Ilalleck, 
Thomas,  and  Schofield,  successively.  In  1871  he 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  fortifications,  light-houses, 
and  river  and  harbor  improvements  in  Oregon  and 
AVashington  Territories,  with  heailquarters  at  Port- 
.  land.  In  1873  he  was  transferred  to  Milwaukee, 
AVis.,  and  put  in  charge  of  a  like  service  on  Lake 
Michigan.  He  has  in  charge  all  the  government 
improvements  and  expenditures  on  Lake  Superior, 
except  at  Duluth  and  Superior  City,  and  all  the 
western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  north  of  Mil- 
waukee. 

Maj.  Robert  is  the  author  of  the  article  on  Par- 
liamentary Law  in  "  Appleton's  American  Cyclo- 
pedia," and  of  "  Robert's  Rules  of  Order,"  a 
standard  authority  on  parliamentary  law,  used  as 
a  text-book  in  many  of  the  schools  and  colleges  of 
the  country,  and  adopted  by  many  of  the  most  im- 
portant civil  and  religious  deliberative  bodies.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  "  An  Index  to  the  Reports 
of  the  Chief  Engineers  of  U.S.A.  on  River  and 
Harbor  Improvements,"  being  an  analytical  and 
topical  index  to  the  public  documents  relating  to 
the  system  of  internal  improvements  carried  on 
by  the  U.  S.  government.     He  is  the  author  of  the 


very  complete  .system  of  statistical  blanks  for  the 
use  of  Baptist  State  Conventions,  Associations, 
cliurclies,  and  Sunday-schools,  together  with  a 
church  record  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the 
blanks,  all  of  which  he  prepared  as  a  gratuitous 
service  fur  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, and  which  has  i-esulted  in  great  denomina- 
tional efficiency,  and  which  he  has  just  placed  at 
the  disposal  of  the  American  Bajitist  Publication 
Society  for  future  publication  for  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination througliciut  the  land. 

As  a  Christian,  Maj.  Robert  is  an  earnest  worker 
in  the  church  of  which  he  is  a  member,  and  in 
the  denomination,  notwithstanding  the  numerous 
duties  and  responsibilities  connected  with  his  offi- 
cial position,  without  neglecting  a  single  one  of 
which  he  has  always  found  time  to  devote  to  the 
interests  of  his  church  and  the  claims  of  his  Mas- 
ter. In  the  Grand  Avenue  Baptist  church,  j\Iil- 
waukee,  of  which  he  is  a  member,  he  is  chairman 
of  the  board  of  trustees,  one  of  the  deacons,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  He  is  a 
decided  Baptist,  and  insists  with  military  pre- 
cision that  everything  in  the  conduct  of  the 
church  shall  be  according  to  Scriptural  Baptist 
faith  and  practice.  Though  sometimes  supposed 
to  be  a  little  rigid, — a  quality  of  character  acquired 
in  his  long  military  experience, — he  is  of  a  most 
kind  and  generous  spirit,  and  always  wise  in  coun- 
sel. In  the  denomination  in  the  State  his  labors 
are  invaluable.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
board  of  the  State  Convention  and  nf  its  Execu- 
tive Committee.  In  the  Bible-school  work  he  is 
one  of  the  soundest  thinkers  and  most  thorough 
workers  in  the  State. 

Robert,  Rev.  Joseph  T.,  LL.D.,  president  of 
the  Atlanta  Baptist  Seminary,  Ga.,  an  institution 
for  the  classical  and  theological  instruction  of  col- 
ored people  of  both  sexes,  was  born  at  Robertville, 
S.  C,  Nov.  28,  1807.  He  received  his  ante-col- 
legiate education  in  that  place,  and  there  he  pro- 
fes.sed  conversion  and  was  baptized,  in  October, 
1822.  In  February,  1825,  he  entered  Columbian 
College,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  studied 
some  time,  taking  the  very  first  rank  in  his  classes, 
and  he  was  graduated  with  the  first  honors  of  his 
class  at  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  in  1828.  He  was 
a  resident  graduate  and  medical  student  at  Yale 
College,  New  Haven,  during  the  years  1829  and 
1830.  In  18.30  he  returned  to  his  native  State 
and  entered  the  South  Carolina  Medical  College, 
graduating  the  following  year.  1831.  In  1832  he 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Robertville  church, 
and  then  went  to  Furman  Theological  Seminary, 
in  order  thoroughly  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  in 
1832,  remaining  two  years.  He  was  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  Robertville  church  in  1834,  but  removed 
to  Kentucky  in  1839  to  become  pastor  of  the  Bap- 


ROBERTS 


993 


ROBERTS 


tist  cliurch  at  Covinj;ton  ;  afterwards,  in  IS41,  lie 
took  charge  of  the  LebaiKin  Bafitist  c-liuri;h,  in 
Kentucky.  About  184.S  he  returncj  South  and 
took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  churcli  of  Sa- 
vannah, Ga.,  where  he  resided  a  year  or  two. 
But  in  1<S.50  he  was  called  to  the  Portsmouth  churcli, 
0.,  continuing  in  that  position  until  18.58,  when  he 
became  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Science  in  Burlington  University,  Iowa.  In  1804 
he  was  secured  by  the  Iowa  State  University  as 
Professor  of  Languages,  but  accepted  tlie  presidency 
of  Burlington  University  in  1869.  The  necessity 
for  returning  to  a  milder  climate  carried  him  to 
Georgia  in  October,  1870,  and  in  July,  1871,  he 
accepted  the  care  of  the  Augusta  Institute  for  col- 
oi'ed  ministers,  a  school  estaljlished  by  the  Home 
Mission  Society  of  the  Northern  Baptists.  The 
institute  was  removed  to  Atlanta  in  1879  and  in- 
corporated with  the  Atlanta  Baptist  Seminary, 
under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Robert.  In  this  po- 
sition he  is  e.'certing  a  great  influence  for  good  and 
is  doing  a  must  invalualjlo  work.  A  scholar  of  the 
highest  order  and  a  perfect  Christian  gentleman, 
he  is  admirably  adapted  to  his  position,  and  it  is 
doubtful  if  a  better  selection  could  be  made.  Dr. 
Robert  is  of  Huguenot  descent.  As  a  preacher 
and  theologian  he  is  sound  and  learned,  and  as 
a  scholar  he  possesses  a  wide  proficiency. 

Roberts,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  July  lil,  1794.  He  removed  to  Georgia 
when  quite  young  ;  was  baptized  in  1822  by  Rev. 
Jaa.  Barnes,  and  was  received  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Beulali  cliurch,  which  he  afterwards  served, 
as  pastor,  for  twenty-three  years  consecutively. 
Shortly  after  his  baptism  he  was  chosen  clerk  of 
the  church,  and  the  next  year  was  ordained  a  dea- 
con. In  a  few  years  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  in  August,  1829,  was  ordained  to  the  full  work 
of  the  ministry.  He  was  most  widely  known  as 
elerk  of  the  Washington  Association,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  during  almost  the  entire  period 
of  his  ministry,  exerting  a  wide  and  very  beneficial 
influence.  He  was  a  man  of  few  words,  but  they 
■were  always  to  the  point,  his  chief  characteristics 
being  simplicity  ami  meekness. 

Roberts,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  the  year  1770.  Solium  time  about  the  close  of  the 
last  century  he  left  his  native  State  in  company 
with  his  father  and  settled  on  Little  River,  Greene 
Co.,  Ga.  He  had  married  before  leaving  Virginia, 
but  had  lost  his  wife,  and  therefore  resided  with 
his  father  for  some  years ;  but  at  that  time  neither 
he  nor  any  of  the  family  cared  for  religion, 
being  intent  upon  the  world  and  its  pleasures  and 
follies.  Arrested  in  his  wild  career  by  the  grace 
of  God  in  the  year  1803,  Mr.  Roberts  united  with 
the  church  at  Whatley's  Mills,  now  Bethcsda,  and 
•at  once  took  a  high  stand  as  a  member,  attending 


the  Georgia  Association  as  a  delegate  in  1804.  He 
married  in  180.5,  and  settled  in  Powelton,  Hancock 
Co.,  where  he  was  the  companion  and  fellow-laborer 
of  William  Rabun,  the  two  representatives  for  a 
number  of  years  of  the  Powelton  church  in  the 
Association.  He  soon  manifested  the  possession 
of  decided  ministerial  talents,  and  in  1811  was  li- 
censed to  preach  ;  two  or  three  years  afterwards 
he  was  ordained,  and  immediately  entered  upon  a 
course  of  extensive  and  useful  labor.  The  churches 
at  Powelton,  Horeb,  Bethel,  and  White  Plains,  be- 
sides others,  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  his  ministry, 
the  last  mentioned,  perhaps,  sharing  most  largely 
in  his  godly  labors.  For  eighteen  consecutive  years 
he  preached  to  the  White  Plains  church,  being 
much  esteemed  by  it  and  by  all  the  other  churches 
he  served.  Few  ministers  possessed  to  the  extent 
he  did  the  faculty  of  endearing  their  people  to 
them,  and  this,  perhaps,  was  one  secret  of  his  use- 
fulness. The  doctrines  of  grace  were  his  delight, 
and  furnished  the  staple  of  his  sermons ;  yet,  like 
Paul,  he  dwelt  much  upon  practical  godliness.  He 
ended  his  useful  life  on  the  22d  of  October,  1837, 
in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

Roberts,  Rev.  McCord,  was  born  in  Wilkes- 
borough,  Wilkes  County.  X.  C,  March  28,  1810. 
He  became  early  inclined  to  close  study,  a  habit 
which  he  has  always  cultivated,  and  has  become 
one  of  the  best  thinkers  of  his  day.  He  was  at 
first  a  Methodist  minister  for  twenty  years,  and 
has  preached  for  thirty  years  in  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination. He  was  very  popular  among  the 
Methodists,  and  he  is  no  less  so  among  the  liaptists. 
He  is  a  man  of  rare  attainments,  especially  in 
metaphysics. 

He  has  shunned  the  walks  in  life  which  bring 
men  into  prominence.  His  career  has  been  re- 
markably useful ;  he  is  most  favorably  known 
throughout  the  State  of  Missouri  and  in  the  .South- 
west. Men  of  talent  and  education  respect  and 
honor  him,  and  the  people  are  glad  to  hear  him. 

His  labors  have  been  great  and  self-denying  for 
the  cause  of  Christ  in  Missouri.  He  is  deeply  in- 
terested in  education.  He  now  resides  in  Bolivar, 
and  is  one  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  South- 
west Baptist  College  located  there. 

Roberts,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Wales  on 
June  12,  1783  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1803  ;  was 
baptized  in  New  York  by  Rev.  John  Stephens, 
March  8,  1807.  AVhen  speaking  of  that  going  down 
into  the  East  River,  he  said,  '"  God  he  thanked 
that  a  creature  so  unworthy  was  permitted  to  fol- 
low his  blessed  Son."  He  studied  under  Dr. 
Staughton,  and  in  1814  became  pastor  of  tliechurch 
at  Great  Valley,  Pa.  After  remaining  there  for 
seven  years  he  became  a  missionary  to  the  Chero- 
kces.  In  1825  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at 
Middletown,  N.  J.,  where  for  thirteen  years  he  was 


ROBERTS 


994 


ROBINS 


wonderfully  blessed  in  brinj^in-;  hundreds  to  CThrist 
and  in  building  up  the  church.  After  serving  in 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  he  rcturneil  to  Mon- 
mouth Co.,  N.  J.,  and  preached  a.-*  long  as  the  bur- 
dens of  age  would  permit.  At  eighty-two  he  passed 
peacefully  away.  The  gentle,  loving  spirit  of  Mr. 
Roberts  enabled  him  to  be  very  u.^eful  in  settling 
difficulties,  and  his  Welsh  fervor,  combined  with  an 
unusual  power  of  illustration,  niaile  him  very  popu- 
lar as  a  preacher.  After  his  death  a  volume  con- 
taining some  of  his  sermons  was  published,  and 
several  articles  of  his  appeared  in  periodicals  while  i 
he  wa^*  v**t  living.  | 

Eoberts,  Rev.  W.  S.,  pastor  of  the  Spruce  j 
Street  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  born  ' 
in  New  Carlisle,  Clarke  Co.,  0.,  April  1,  184<J. 
His  father,  hearing  the  same  name,  was  an  honored 
Baptist  minister  ;  two  younger  brothers  are  in  the 
same  holy  calling. — Kev.  Charles  B.  Roberts  is 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Englewoo<l,  III., 
and  Rev.  .John  E.  Roberts  serves  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

William  commenced  his  higher  studies  at  Kala- 
mazoo, and  completed  them  at  .Shurtleff  College, 
in  the  literary  course  in  1872,  and  in  the  theologi- 
cal department  in  1M75.  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Janesville,  Wis.,  in  July,  1S75. 
He  retained  this  position  for  three  years,  during 
which  the  church  enjoyed  much  spiritual  pros- 
perity and  removed  a  burdensome  deVjt.  He  en- 
tered upon  his  present  charge  July  1.  I87H. 

In  each  of  his  fields  of  lalxtr  Mr.  Roberts  suc- 
ceeded some  of  the  most  distinguished  ministers  in 
the  Baptist  denomination.  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  man 
of  culture,  a  student,  a  faithful  pastor,  and  an  able 
preacher.  He  possesses  much  of  the  spirit  of  his 
loving  Master,  and  he  enjoys  the  affection  of  his 
own  people  and  of  all  his  brethren  in  the  min- 
istry. 

Robertson,  Rev.  Norvell,  an  eminent  Missis- 
sippi minister,  the  author  of  an  excellent  •'  Hand- 
Book  of  Theology,"  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1796. 
His  father,  also  named  Xorvell,  was  a  Baptist 
preacher,  who  spent  fifty-one  years  in  the  ministry 
in  Georgia  and  Mississippi,  and  died  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  ninety-one  years.  His  distinguished 
son  professed  Christ  in  1830.  and  was  ordained  in 
1833.  He  was  soon  called  to  take  charge  of  the 
Leaf  River  Baptist  church,  where  he  continued  as 
pastor  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1S79,  about  forty- 
five  years,  steadily  refusing  the  most  tempting 
offers  to  leave  this  country  church.  His  ''Hand- 
Book  of  Theology"  is  a  lasting  monument  to  his 
memory. 

Robey,  Rev.  Geo.  W.,  pastor  at  Bedford,  Iowa, 
was  born  .May  27,  18.;m,  in.  Marion  Co.,  Mo.  His 
father  was  an  infidel,  his  mother  was  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church.     His  mothers  prayers 


saved  him  from  infidelity :  the  New  Test.ament 
made  him  a  Baptist.  He  was  converted  at  the  age 
of  fourteen,  baptized  at  seventeen,  and  licensed  to 
preach  at  eighteen.  He  graduated  from  Bethel 
College  in  1860.  In  1859  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  Union  church,  in  his  native  county,  where  he 
was  baptized.  Here  with  the  people  among  whom 
he  was  brought  up  his  labors  were  wonderfully 
blessed.  His  father  was  converted  and  became  a 
zealous  Baptist,  and  the  young  pastor  was  per- 
mitted to  lead  ■•  down  into  the  water"  for  baptism, 
as  his  first  subject,  his  own  mother,  whose  views  on 
this  ordinance  had  changed.  Other  churches  in 
Northeast  Missouri  were  blessed  under  hie  ministry, 
until  1867.  when  he  settled  as  pastor  at  Shelbina, 
Shelby  Co.  In  1872  he  accepted  a  call  to  Hamburg, 
Iowa,  where  he  remained  three  years,  and  resigned 
the  pastorate  to  become  associate  editor  of  the  Bap- 
tist Beiicim.  published  at  Pella.  Iowa.  In  Septem- 
ber. Is7i,  he  accepted  a  pressing  invitation  to  settle 
at  Bedford.  Here  he  is  held  in  high  esteem  as 
pastor  of  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  the 
■State.  Though  possessing  a  weak  constitution,  and 
all  the  time  in  feeble  health,  yet  he  has  been  "in 
labors  abundant.''  and  already  over  KXlO  have  been 
added  to  the  churches  under  his  ministry. 

Robins,  Rev.  Qurdon,  son  of  Ephraim  Robins, 
was  born  in  ."^betlifld.  Conn.,  Feb.  6,  1786;  his 
parents,  Congregationalists,  became  Baptists;  all 
removed  to  Hartford  in  1796.  the  father  becoming 
a  local  preacher  ;  Gordon  was  converted  in  1798, 
baptized  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Nelson,  and  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  ;  in  1814  was  chosen  deacon  ; 
was  a  merchant :  in  1?<1G  removed  to  Fayetteville, 
N.  C. :  began  to  preach  :  invited  to  a  church  at 
Cape  Fear,  but  health  forbade  settlement :  was 
active  in  reviving  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  Mis- 
sion Convention ;  became  judge  of  the  county 
court:  in  1823  returned  to  Hartford,  Conn. ;  five 
years  editor  of  Christian  Secretanj ;  in  June,  1829, 
ordained  pastor  of  South  (then  East)  Windsor 
church  ;  in  1832  returned  to  Hartford  ;  established 
a  store :  became  a  publisher  :  supplied  churches  at 
Avon.  Canton.  Bloonifield.  Bristol;  active  in  Con- 
necti<-ut  Baptist  State  Convention,  Connecticut 
Baptist  Education  Society.  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution,  and  every  good  work  :  familiar  with 
Baptist  history  :  sound  in  the  faith.  His  son,  Dr. 
Robins,  is  president  of  Colby  University.  Died 
Jan.  2,  1864.  in  his  seventy-eighth  year. 

Robins,  Henry  E.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Hartford. 
Conn.  \\f.  j.uisued  his  studies  at  the  Suffield  Lit- 
erarj-  Institute  and  at  the  Fairmount  Theological 
Seminary.  Ky.  For  three  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  His  or- 
dination took  place  Dec.  6,  1861.  and  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  where  he  remained  five  years,  when  he  re- 


ROBTNSON 


995 


ROBINSON 


moved  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  |i;uxtor 
six  years.  lie  was  elected  president  of  Colhy  Uni- 
versity in  1873.  Under  the  administration  of  Pres- 
ident Robins  the  university  has  been  greatly  pros- 


IIENRV    E.    ROBl.NS,   D.D. 


pared.  The  position  to  which  he  was  called  in 
1873  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  fine  scholar,  with  a 
powerful  intellect,  and  a  very  flattering  record. 
No  man  in  the  denomination  has  earned  a  higher 
reputation  for  usefulness  in  his  noble  calling  than 
Dr.  Robins. 

Robinson,  Rev.  Asa  A.,  son  of  Gordon  and 
Lydia  Itotiinson,  seventh  generation  from  "-John, 
the  Puritan,"  was  born  in  AVindham,  Conn.,  in 
May,  1814;  converted  in  1828:  baptized  by  his 
father-in-law,  Rev.  Esek  Brown,  in  1829:  educated 
at  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  :  studied  awhile 
in  Brown  University  :  acted  as  merchant  with  his 
father :  was  school  visitor,  postmaster,  town  clerk, 
and  treasurer  ;  ordained  in  184'J  in  Agawam.  Mass.  : 
afterwards  settled  in  AViiles,  in  Suffield,  in  Mans- 
field, and  in  Willington,  Conn. ;  in  Rrtssell,  Mass. ; 
in  North  Sunderland  ;  in  Saybrook,  Conn.,  where 
he  is  now  (1880)  laboring  ;  has  served  efficiently  on 
school  boards  :  been  moderator  and  clerk  of  Asso- 
ciations :  served  on  hoard  of  trustees  of  Connecti- 
cut Literary  Institution  :  has  a  son,  .Julius  B.,  l)orn 
in  Lebanon,  Conn.,  in  1842:  graduated  at  Newton 
Theological  Seminary  in  1873;  settled  at  Milford, 
Mass.,  and  now  (1880)  pastor  at  Fisherville,  N.  H. 
He  is  the  eighth  generation  from  "John,  the  Puri- 
tan." 

Robinson,  Prof.  D.  H.,  was  born  June  24,  1836, 


in  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.  Ilis  boyhood  and  early 
manhood  were  passed  on  his  father's  farm  in  Cen- 
tral New  York  :  was  converted  and  joined  the 
Weedsport  Baptist  church  in  the  spring  of  1854. 
His  ancestors  lor  generations  were  church  mem- 
bers, mostly  Presbyterians,  running  l)ack  to  John 
Robinson,  the  famous  Puritan  pastor ;  prepared 
for  college  at  Elbridge  Academy,  and  entered  the 
University  of  Rochester  in  1855,  gradimting  in 
1859 ;  chose  the  profession  of  teacliing  as  a  life- 
work.  After  teacliing  several  years  in  high  schools 
and  academies  in  New  York  and  Michigan,  was 
elected,  in  the  summer  of  1866,  to  the  professor- 
ship of  Ancient  Ltmguages  and  Literature  in  the 
University  of  Kansas.  This  professorship  was 
subsequently  divided,  Prof  Robinson  retaining  the 
chair  of  the  Latin  Language  and  Literature.  The 
institution  has  grown  from  a  small  school  of  55 
pupils,  the  first  year,  with  three  professors  and  a 
very  meagre  equipment,  to  a  .strong,  healthy  uni- 
versity of  4.50  students,  with  fourteen  instructors 
and  a  jprctty  full  apjiaratus  for  instruction. 

Robinson,  Rev.  Edwin  True,  was  bom  in 
Monroe  Co.,  X.  Y.,  July  24.  1833  :  converted  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  and  soon  afterwards  felt  himself 
called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry ;  pursued  his 
studies  at  Hamilton  and  Rochester,  and  graduated 
at  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1859.  In 
May,  1860,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Ninth 
church,  Cincinnati.  0.,  where,  after  a  short  and 
brilliant  ministry  of  two  years,  he  died  July  21, 
1.S62. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  a  man  of  exceptionally  fine 
gifts  and  gave  the  largest  promise  for  the  future. 
As  a  preacher  he  was  greatly  admired,  and  as  a 
man  universally  beloved.  It  was  probably  his  all- 
absorbing  devotion  to  his  work  which  shortened 
his  life,  and  was  the  cause  of  the  sickness  which 
swept  him  ofl^.  His  early  death  was  lamented  not 
only  by  tlic  church  of  which  he  was  p.istor,  but  by 
multitudes  of  others  to  whom  he  had  endeared 
himself  by  his  genial  Christian  character,  his  elo- 
quence, and  his  devotion  to  Christ  and  the  souls  of 
men. 

Robinson,  Ezekiel  Gilman,  D.D.  (Brown  Uni- 
versity. 1853).  LL.D.  (Brown  University,  1872), 
was  born  at  Attleborough,  Bristol  Co.,  Mass., 
March  13.  1815.  He  graduated  in  1838  at  Brown 
University,  where  he  also  spent  the  following  year 
as  resident  graduate.  In  1S42  he  gnuiuated  at 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  He  was  p.astor  at 
Norfolk,  A'a..  I842-4.i.  During  eight  months  of 
this  time  (being  an  academic  year)  he  served  as 
chaplain  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  having  re- 
ceived from  the  cliurch  le.ive  of  absence  for  this 
purpose.  He  was  pastor  at  Cambridge.  Mass., 
1845—46.  In  1846  he  became  Professor  of  Bibli- 
cal   Interpretation    in    the    Western    Theological 


ROBINSON 


996 


MOB  INS  ON 


Seminary,  Covington,  Ky.  From  IS.iO  to  1>*53  he 
was  pastor  of  tlie  Niiitli  Street  oliiireh,  Cincinnati. 
During  all  these  years  he  had  been  steadily  grow- 
ing in  power  and  reputation,  and  when  he  became 


EZEKIEI,    OILMAN'    ROBINSON,  D.n. 

Professor  of  Theology  in  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  the  spring  of  1853,  the  feeling  was 
general  that  the  field  was  the  one  above  all  others 
for  which  his  abilities,  his  acr|uireinents,  and  his 
mental  traits  peculiarly  fitted  liini.  The  resigna- 
tion of  Dr.  Conant  in  1857  left  Dr.  Robinson  the 
senior  professor  and  virtual  president,  though  the 
title  of  president  was  not  conferred  upon  him  till 
1808.  During  the  nearly  twenty  years  of  his  con- 
nection with  the  seminary  Dr.  Robinson  acliievcd 
a  work  the  ariluousness  and  the  intiUence  of  which 
cannot  easily  be  overestimated.  The  increase  of 
students,  the  growth  of  the  library,  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  endowment  (chiefly  through  his  per- 
sonal exertions),  the  addition  of  new  professors, 
the  erection  of  adequate  buildings,  the  extension 
of  the  course  of  study  from  two  years  to  three,  and 
above  all  the  accession  to  the  Baptist  ministry  of 
a  large  body  of  men,  thoroughly  equipped,  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures,  full  of  zeal  fur  the  truth  and  of 
love  for  God  and  man,  and  animated  with  a  lofty 
sense  of  duty, — these  were  among  the  visible  results 
of  his  labors.  In  1807-68,  Dr.  Robinson  traveled 
quite  extensively  in  Europe.  In  1872  he  became 
president  of  Brown  University.  In  this  position 
he  has  shown  not  only  the  high,  broad,  and  exact 
scholarship  which  had  already  been  universally 
recognized,  but  also  great  executive  ability   and 


power  of  leadership.  The  university  has  advanced 
in  all  the  elements  of  prosperity,  maintaining  the 
position  which  naturally  belongs  to  the  oldest  Bap- 
tist college  in  America.  As  an  educator.  Dr.  Rob- 
inson's power  lies  not  alone  in  the  knowledge 
which  he  communicates,  but  in  the  mental  and 
spiritual  ((uiokening  which  he  imparts,  in  the  ex- 
ample which  is  presented  to  the  pupil  of  logical 
acuteness,  of  mental  independence,  of  reverent  love 
for  truth,  of  loyalty  to  duty.  He  has  been  a  pecu- 
liarly wise  counselor  to  those  who  were  of  an  in- 
quiring disposition,  and  who  were  pressing  their  in- 
quiries in  a  manner  that  was  perilous  to  their  faith. 
lie  has  not  repelled  or  awed  them  by  the  parade  of 
authority,  but  he  has  pointed  out  to  them  the  real 
sources  of  knowledge,  and  has  so  wisely  guided 
their  inquiries  as  to  lead  them  to  an  intelligent 
and  well-grounded  faith.  His  labors  as  an  instruc- 
tor have  not  wholly  withdrawn  Dr.  Robinson  from 
the  pulpit.  His  preaching  is  marked  by  logical 
power,  singular  clearness  of  definition  and  state- 
ment, directness  of  appeal  to  the  conscience,  a 
vivid  presentation  of  the  great  facts  of  religion  and 
the  great  lessons  of  duty.  Dr.  Robinson  has  not  felt 
that  his  position  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  made 
it  his  duty  to  withdraw  himself  from  all  concern  in 
public  affairs.  At  critical  times  in  the  national 
history,  especially  when  the  existence  of  the 
nation  was  at  stake,  his  utterances  from  the  plat- 
form and  the  pulpit  have  been  stirring  beyond  ex- 
pression, arousing,  deepening,  and  intensifying 
the  spirit  of  patriotism.  Dr.  Robinson  has  not 
published  largely.  His  addresses  and  sermons, 
though  the  result  of  intense  and  careful  thought, 
have  usually  been  unwritten  in  form.  Some  of 
his  sermons  and  lectures  have  been  reported  with 
varying  degrees  of  correctness.  His  most  elabo- 
rate work  was  the  revision  of  the  translation  of 
Neander's  "  Planting  and  Training  of  the  Church" 
(which,  in  fact,  amounted  to  a  new  translation). 
While  at  Rochester  he  was  for  several  years  the 
editor  of  the  Christian  lieview,  and  wrote  exten- 
sively for  it. 

Robinson,  Jabez,  was  bom  in  Bedford,  West- 
chester Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1787  ;  converted  in  early 
life  ;  united  with  the  Bedford  Baptist  church  ;  kept 
afree  •'  Baptist  Inn"  for  preachers  and  others ;  given 
to  hospitality  ;  occupied  positions  of  responsibility 
in  the  church  and  in  civil  affairs;  was  justice  of 
the  peace  for  more  than  thirty  years ;  was  clerk 
of  the  Bedford  church  until  his  death  :  a  man  of 
wide  influence;  died  full  of  honors  in  1873. 

His  brother,  Henry  Robinson,  was  born  in  1791  ; 
converted  early  ;  member  of  the  Bedfoi-d  Baptist 
church,  a  pillar  in  the  church,  and  a  father  in 
Israel. 

Robinson,  Robert,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
names  in  Baptist  history,  was  born  at  Swaffham, 


ROBINSON 


997 


ROBINSON 


Norfolk,  England,  Oct.  «,  1735.  lie  received  for 
a  few  yeans  excellent  instruction  at  the  endowed 
};raniinar-.soliool  at  Scarnini;,  Norfolk  ;  l)Ut  the 
death  of  his  father  coin|)(dlc(l  him  tcj  leave  school  in 


ROBERT    ROBINSON. 

his  fourteenth  year,  lie  was  Ijonnd  apprentice  in 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  in  174'.).  Althoujrh  it  was 
evident  that  literary  pursuits  were  nuich  more  con- 
genial to  him  than  husiness,  he  won  the  esteem  of 
all  around  him.  lie  kept  up  liis  acquaintance  with 
the  classical  languages  and  French,  hy  early  rising, 
and  finding  time  for  reading  everything  that  came 
in  his  way.  AVhcn  in  his  seventeenth  year,  he  went 
one  Sunday  evening  to  hear  the  celebrated  George 
Whitefield,  who  vras  then  preaching  in  London. 
The  preacher's  text  was  Matt.  iii.  7.  AV'riting  of 
the  event,  Ilobinson  says,  "  Mr.  Whitefield  described 
the  Sadducean  character  :  this  did  not  touch  me. 
I  tliOMght  myself  as  good  a  Christian  as  any  man 
in  Lnghind.  From  this  he  went  to  that  of  the 
Pharisees.  He  described  their  exterior  decency, 
but  observed  that  the  poison  of  the  viper  rankled 
in  their  hearts.  This  rather  shook  me.  At  length, 
in  the  course  of  his  sermon,  he  abruptly  broke  off: 
paused  for  a  few  moments  ;  then  burst  into  a  flood  of 
tears  ;  lifted  up  his  hands  and  eyes,  and  exclaimed, 
'Oh,  my  hearers,  the  wrath's  to  come  !  the  lertith's  to 
come!'  These  words  sank  into  my  heart  like  lead 
in  the  waters.  I  wept,  and  when  the  sermon  was 
ended,  retired  alone.  For  days  and  weeks  I  could 
think  of  little  else.  Those  awful  words  would  fol- 
low mo  wherever  I  went.'  The  convictions  of  sin 
thus  aroused  held  possession  of  his  mind,  and  he 


obtained  no  relief  until  Dec.  10,  17.').'),  when,  to  use 
his  own  words,  "  he  found  full  and  free  forgive- 
ness through  the  precious  blood  of  Jesus  f'hrist.'' 
Having  attained  his  majority  in  the  autumn  of 
1756,  his  indentures  were  given  up  to  him,  and  he 
was  free.  For  some  time  he  remained  at  his  em- 
ployment, associating  constantly  with  Mr.  AVhite- 
field's  congregation  at  the  Tabernacle.  Many  of  his 
friends  thought  that  he  had  the  qualifications  of  a 
preacher,  but,  although  he  felt  strongly  drawn 
towards  the  ministry,  he  left  London  without 
making  his  case  known  to  Mr.  Whitefield,  in  the 
winter  of  1758,  on  a  visit  to  his  relatives  in  Norfolk. 
At  Mildenhall,  in  that  county,  he  found  ''many 
souls  awakened  who  had  the  Word  preached  Ijut  now 
and  then  ;  we  met  of  evenings  to  sing  and  jiray  and 
speak  our  experience."  At  their  repeated  requests 
he  began  to  preach.  From  that  time  his  course 
was  decided.  His  reputation  as  a  preacher  rapidly 
•extended  over  the  whole  district,  and  in  the  summer 
of  1759  he  wrote  to  Mr.  AVhitefield  from  Norwich, 
"  We  have  near  forty  members  in  the  church  which 
I  preach  to,  and  many  more  are  desirous  of  being 
received.  We  have  on  the  Lord's  day  several 
hundred  hearers  who  seem  very  serious  and  in- 
quiring the  way  to  Zion.  On  the  week-days  we 
have  abundance  of  people  to  hear.  The  days  I  do  not 
preach  in  Norwich  the  country  people  frequently 
send  for  me,  and  multitudes  come  to  hear,  so  timt 
the  preaching-houses  will  not  hold  them."  Whilst 
preaching  in  Norwich  he  had  not  formally  separated 
from  the  Established  Church,  any  more  than  White- 
field  or  Wesley  had,  and  a  rich  relation  promised 
to  provide  liberally  for  him  if  he  would  leave  "  the 
Methodists"  and  enter  the  ministry  of  the  estab- 
lishment. But  he  declined  the  offer,  and  forfeited 
the  favor  of  his  relative  by  so  doing. 

He  had  not  questioned  hitherto  the  propriety  of 
infant  baptism,  but  one  day  he  was  invited  to  the 
christening  of  a  child,  and  the  ceremony  being  de- 
layed by  the  absence  of  the  officiating  minister, 
one  of  the  company  expressed  doubts  concerning 
the  benefit  of  infant  baptism.  Mr.  Robinson  from 
that  time  investigated  the  whole  subject,  and  be- 
came convinced  that  the  Scriptures  taught  only  the 
baptism  of  believers.  He  was  baptized  at  Eliing- 
hara,  and  soon  after  left  Norwich,  accepting  an  in- 
vitation from  the  Baptist  congregation  at  Cambridge 
to  visit  them.  lie  continued  preaching  to  them 
without  accepting  the  pastoral  office  for  nearly  two 
years,  until  May  2S.  17lil.  He  was  publicly  or- 
dained June  11,  following.  His  success  in  Cam- 
bridge was  nnirvelous.  The  meeting-house,  which 
had  been  ''  first  a  barn,  afterwards  a  stable  and 
granary,  then  a  meeting-house,  and,  notwithstand- 
ing its  pews  and  galleries  concealed  its  meanness 
within-side  a  little,  it  was  still  a  damp,  dark,  cold, 
ruinous,  contemptible  hovel,"  became  too  strait  for 


BOBINSOK 


998 


ROBIXSOI^ 


the  audiences  which  assembled  tliere.  Members 
of  the  university  and  otlier  hearers  who  had  never 
in  their  lives  entered  a  Baptist  meeting-house,  be- 
came regular  attendants.  In  1704  a  new  edifice, 
capable  of  seating  600  persons,  was  built  and  paid 
for.  Whilst  thus  prospering  in  his  ministry  in  the 
university  town,  he  enlarged  the  circle  of  his  influ- 
ence by  extensive  village  preaching  in  the  sur- 
rounding country,  and  wherever  he  went  "the 
common  people  heard  him  gladly."'  In  1774  he 
had  a  congregation  of  600  or  700  persons.  His 
popularity  occasioned  numerous  preaching  engage- 
ments beyond  his  own  sphere  of  labor,  yet  by  his 
methodical  habits  and  incredible  industry  he  found 
time  for  e.ttensive  reading,  and  few  years  passed 
without  some  publications  from  his  pen.  His 
translations  of  Saurin's  "  Sermons"  and  Claude's 
"  Essay  on  the  Composition  of  a  Sermon,"  in  two 
octavo  volumes,  with  copious  annotations,  are 
widely  known.  Besides  numerous  sermons,  lec- 
tures, and  brief  essays  in  illustration  and  defense 
of  the  principles  of  Nonconformity,  he  was  occu- 
pied for  several  years  with  a  history  of  the  Baptists, 
undertaken  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gif- 
ford  and  other  prominent  members  of  the  denomi- 
nation. The  fruit  of  this  study  appeared  in  the 
two  volumes  of  "Ecclesiastical  Researches"  and 
the  "  History  of  Baptism,"  published  after  his 
death.  Excessive  labor,  with  unhappy  complica- 
tions in  his  private  affairs,  doubtless  undermined 
his  constitution  and  hastened  his  death,  which  took 
place  suddenly  June  8,  1790,  in  his  fifty-fifth  year. 
The  later  period  of  Robinson's  life  was  clouded  not 
only  by  private  sorrows,  but  also  by  his  aberration 
from  orthodoxy,  and  the  consequent  withdrawal 
from  him  of  many  attached  friends  and  brother 
ministers.  His  enthusiastic  devotion  to  liberty, 
civil  and  ecclesiastical,  attracted  to  him  many  per- 
sons of  skeptical  opinions,  whose  influence  was  in- 
jurious to  his  spiritual  health.  His  most  recent 
biographer,  the  late  Rev.  William  Robinson,  also  a 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Cambridge,  .says  in  a  me- 
moir published  in  the  "  Bunyan  Library"  (London, 
1861),  •■  He  was  one  of  the  most  decide<l  Unitarians 
of  the  age,  but  never  a  mere  Humanitarian.  No 
man  has  the  right  to  call  him  either  Socinian  or 
Arian.  He  held  apparently  the  indwelling  hypoth- 
esis to  the  end  of  his  life,  but  became  vague  and 
confused  in  its  application.  He  was  like  a  noble 
vessel  broken  from  its  moorings  and  drifting  out  to 
sea  amidst  fogs  and  rocks  without  a  compass  or  a 
rudder."  His  mind  may  have  been  somewhat  im- 
paired in  his  later  years.  A  current  tradition  re- 
ports that  on  one  occasion  when  he  was  preaching 
from  home  his  two  well-known  hymns  were  sung, 
"Mighty  God,  while  angels  bless  thee,"  and 
"  Come,  thou  fount  of  every  blessing."  After  the 
service  he  expressed  very  strongly  his  wish  that  he 


could  feel  as  he  did  when  he  wrote  them.  A  me- 
moir of  Ucibinson  by  Mr.  George  Dyer  was  pub- 
lished in  1796,  and  another  by  Mr.  Benjamin 
Flower  in  1804,  but  the  most  complete  and  trust- 
worthy account  of  this  remarkably  gifted  man  was 
given  by  the  late  Rev.  W.  Robinson  in  the  volume 
referred  to  above,  in  which  are  interesting  extracts 
from  the  church  book,  from  Robinson's  own  hand, 
and  a  large  collection  of  his  letters  arranged  chron- 
ologically, together  with  selections  characteristic 
of  his  genius  from  several  of  his  works,  including 
"  The  History  and  the  Mystery  of  Good-Friday," 
"A  Sermon  on  a  Becoming  Behavior  in  Religious 
Assemblies,"  '•  Morning  Exercises,"'  etc.  It  is  well 
known  that  the  celebrated  Robert  Hall  succeeded 
Robinson  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Cambridge. 
Soon  after  his  coming  he  was  shown  the  copy  of  an 
epitaph  which  it  was  proposed  to  inscribe  on  a  tab- 
let in  the  meeting-house  at  Birmingham  where  Mr. 
Robinson  last  preached.  Dissatisfied  with  the  in- 
scription proposed.  Hall  consented  to  write  a  sub- 
stitute, and  produced  the  following  choice  eulo- 
gium  :  "  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Robinson,  of  Cambridge,  the  intrepid  champion  of 
liberty,  civil  and  religious.  Endowed  with  a  genius 
brilliant  and  penetrating,  uniteil  to  an  indefatigable 
industry,  his  mind  was  richly  furnished  with  an 
inexhaustible  variety  of  kiiuwledge,  his  eloquence 
was  the  delight  of  every  public  assembly  and  his 
conversation  the  charm  of  every  private  circle.  In 
him  the  erudition  of  the  Scholar,  the  discrimina- 
tion of  the  Historian,  and  the  boldness  of  the  Re- 
former were  united  in  an  eminent  degree  with  the 
virtues  which  adorn  the  .Man  .and  the  Christian. 
He  died  at  Birmingham  on  the  8th  of  June,  1790, 
aged  .54  years,  and  was  buried  near  this  spot." 
Robinson,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born,  in  1801,  in 

Ireland;  settled  in  Cliurlcitte  Co.,  New  Brunswick, 
in  1830.  Rev.  Thomas  Ainslie,  who  evangelized 
there  about  that  time,  saw  the  young  Irishman,  and 
intimated  that  God  designed  him  for  a  Baptist  min- 
ister. He  was  baptized  in  1831  by  Mr.  Ainslie; 
ordained  pastor  at  St.  George,  New  Brunswick, 
Aug.  4,  1832;  became,  in  18.38,  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church,  Germain  Street,  St,  John,  and  subse- 
quently pastor  of  Brussels  Street  church,  and  con- 
tinued in  this  position  till  he  died,  Sept.  19,  1866. 

Mr.  Robinson's  ministry  was  a  power  in  St.  John, 
and,  indeed,  in  New  Brunswick,  He  was  distin- 
guished for  urbanity,  administrative  ability,  symp- 
athy, tact,  indomitable  energy,  and  successful 
work. 

Robinson,  Rev.  William,  late  of  Cambridge, 
England,  was  commended  to  the  .luthorities  of  the 
Bristol  College  in  1826,  as  a  student  for  the  min- 
istry, by  the  Baptist  church  at  Dunstable.  After 
a  full  course  of  study  he  received,  in  1830,  an  in- 
vitation to  the  church  at  Kettering,  a  church  which, 


ROBY 


999 


ROCHESTER 


through  its  connection  with  the  Missionary  Society 
and  Andrew  Fuller,  held  .1  conspicuous  position  in 
the  denomination.  But  the  young  pastor  soon 
proved  his  fitness,  and  during  the  twenty-two  years 
of  his  ministry  at  Kettering  his  reputation  as  a 
scholarly  and  able  minister  was  fully  established. 
In  1851  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  church  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  for  twenty-two  years  more  ministered 
in  the  pulpit  formerly  occupied  by  those  far-famed 
preachers,  Robert  Robinson  and  Robert  Hall.  He 
received  in  1870  the  highest  honor  the  Baptist  de- 
nomination in  England  has  to  bestow,  when  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  Baptist  Union,  and  it 
was  a  significant  token  of  the  esteem  in  which  he 
was  held  by  the  public  that,  when  the  autumnal 
meeting  of  the  Union  took  place  in  Cambridge,  the 
Episcopalian  heads  of  several  of  the  cidleges  of 
the  university  tendered  hospitalities  to  the  dele- 
gates. Mr.  Robinson  was  a  man  who  had  the 
courage  of  his  convictions;  but  his  straightfor- 
ward plain  speaking  was  perfectly  blended  with 
courtesy  and  Christian  simplicity.  Pre-eminently 
an  expositor,  he  was  mighty  in  the  Scriptures,  and 
I  even  aimed  at  the  nicest  .accuracy  in  stating  doctrine. 
His  studies  were  not  exclusively  Biblical  or  ecclesi- 
astical. Physical  science  was  specially  attractive 
to  him,  one  of  his  last  efforts  being  a  review  article 
on  Lyell's  arguments  concerning  the  antiquity  of 
man.  He  died  in  Iowa,  while  on  a  visit  to  his  chil- 
dren settled  in  that  State,  in  the  autumn  of  1873. 
He  published  several  pamphlets  and  a  work  en- 
titled '■  Bililical  .Studies." 

Roby,  Z.  D.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Xorth  Caro- 
lina, Feb.  9,  1838.  Baptized  in  Georgia  in  1855; 
ordained  at  the  call  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  Columbus,  Ga.,  in  1865  :  was  pastor  of  that 
church  and  the  church  in  Girard,  Ala.,  dividing 
his  time  between  them.  In  1808  he  removed  to 
Salem,  Ala.,  and  became  pastor  there  and  of  neigh- 
boring churches.  At  the  beginning  of  1875  he 
accepted  the  call  of  the  church  in  Tuskegee,  where 
he  still  resides  and  labors  among  an  intelligent 
people.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him 
in  1879.  Dr.  Roby  ranks  with  the  best  preachers 
in  the  .State. 

Rochester  Theological  Seminary  was  founded 
in  Is.JO.  Up  to  this  time  the  only  Baptist  school 
for  literary  and  theological  training  in  the  State 
of  Xew  York  was  Madison  University,  situated  at 
Hamilton.  In  1847  many  friends  of  education 
throughout  the  State,  with  a  view  to  securing  for 
this  university  a  more  suitable  lucation  and  a  more 
complete  endowment,  sought  to  remove  the  institu- 
tion to  Rochester.  This  project  was  opposed  by 
friends  of  Hamilton,  legal  obstacles  were  discovered, 
the  question  was  carried  into  the  courts,  and  the 
plan  of  removal  was  finally  abandoned  as  imprac- 
ticable.    Not  so,  however,  the  plan  of  establishing 


1  a  theological  seminary  and  university  at  Rochester. 
Rev.  Pharcellus  Church,  D.I>..  and  Messrs.  John  N. 
Wilder  and  Oren    Sage  devoted  much  time  and 
I  energy  to  awakening  public  sentiment  in  behalf 
of  the  new  enterprise.     A  subscription  of  $13tl,(KX) 
I  was  secured  for  the  college.      Five  professors  in 
1  Hamilton — Drs.  Conant  and  Maginnis  of  the  semi- 
nary, and  Drs.  Kendrick,  Raymond,  and  Richard- 
:  son  of  the  university — resigned  their  places,  and 
I  accepted  a  call  to  similar  positions  in  the  new  insti- 
I  tutions  at  Rochester.     In  November,  1850,  classes 
were  organized  in  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary as  well  as  in   the   University  of  Rochester. 
I  and  instruction  was  begun  in  temporary  quarters 
secured  for  the    purpose.      Many   students   came 
;  with  their  professors  from   Hamilton.      The  first 
class    graduated    from    the  Theological   Seminary 
numbered  7  members,  and  the  first  published  cata- 
logue,  that  of   1851-52,  enrolls   the  names  of  2 
professors  and  of  29  students. 

Although  the  early  history  of  the  Seminary  was 
intimately  connected  with  that  of  the  University 
of  Rochester,  and  the  two  institutions  at  the 
beginning  occupied  the  same  building,  there  has 
never  been  any  organic  connection  between  them, 
either  of  government  or  of  instruction.  AVhile  the 
University  has  devoted  itself  to  the  work  of  general 
college  training,  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary has  been  essentially  a  professional  school,  and 
has  aimed  exclusively  to  fit  men,  by  special  studies, 
for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  It  has  admitted  only 
college  graduates  and  those  who  have  been  able 
successfully  to  pursue  cour.ses  of  study  in  connec- 
tion with  college  graduates.  Beginning  with  the 
two  professorships  of  Theology  and  of  Hebrew, 
it  has  added  professorships  of  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory, of  New  Testament  Greek,  of  Ilomiletics  and 
Pastoral  Theology,  and  of  Elocution.  Besides  its 
two  original  professors. — Rev.  Thomas  J.  Conant, 
D.D.,  and  Rev.  John  S.  Maginnis,  I).D.. — it  has 
numbered  in  its  faculty  the  names  of  John  H. 
Raymond,  Velona  R.  Ilotchkiss,  George  W.  North- 
rup,  Asahel  C,  Kendrick,  R,  J.  W.  Buckland,  Ho- 
ratio B,  Ilackett,  William  C.  Wilkinson,  Howard 
Osgood,  Wm.  Arnold  Stevens,  T.  Harwood  Pattison, 
and  Benjamin  O.  True.  To  Rev.  Ezekiel  G.  Rob- 
inson, D.D.,  LL.D.,  however,  professor  in  the  semi- 
nary from  185.3  to  1872,  and  from  1868  to  1872  its 
president,  the  institution  probably  owes  more  of 
its  character  and  success  than  to  any  other  single 
man.  Ills  successor  in  the  presidency  and  In  the 
chair  of  Biblical  Theology  is  Rev.  Augustus  H. 
Strong,  D.D.,  who  has  now  (1881)  for  nine  years 
held  this  position. 

In  1854  a  German  department  of  the  Seminary 
wasorganlzed.  TheGerman  Baptist churchcsof the 
country,  which  In  1850  were  only  ten  In  number,  have 
now  increased  to  more  than  one  hundred.    This  con- 


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1000 


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slant  growth  lias  occsisioneJ  a  deiuanJ  for  ministers 
with  some  degree  of  training.  The  German  depart- 
ment is  designed  to  meet  tliis  necessity.  In  1858, 
Uev.  Augustus  Kauschenl)usch,  D.D.,  a  pupil  of  Xe- 
ander,  was  secured  to  take  charge  of  this  work,  and 
in  1872,  Kev.  Hermann  M.  Schiiffer  was  chosen  as 
his  colleague.  The  ceurse  of  studies  in  the  German 
department  is  four  years  in  length,  and  being  de- 
signed for  young  men  who  have  had  little  pre- 
paratory training,  is  literarj'  as  well  as  theological. 
This  course  is  totally  distinct  from  the  regular 
course  of  the  Seminary,  which  is  accomplished  in 
three  years. 

When  the  Seminary  began  its  existence  it  w.as 
wholly  without  endowment,  and,  dependent  as  it 


erty  S6.5.j,000.  AVhen  all  subscriptions  are  paid  in 
and  its  debts  are  cancelled,  tin;  institution  is  ex- 
pected to  have  a  productive  endowment  of  §450,(WO, 
an  amount  sufficient  to  maintain  its  operations  only 
upon  condition  that  the  churches  shall  continue  to 
provide,  as  they  have  hitherto  done,  by  annual  con- 
tributions for  the  support  of  students  preparing  for 
the  ministry.  This  comparative  prosperity  of  later 
years  has  been  due,  under  Providence,  to  the  wise 
and  liberal  gifts  of  a  few  tried  friends  of  the  .sem- 
inary, among  whom  may  he  mentioned  the  names 
of  John  B.  Trevor,  of  Yonkers,  N.  Y. ;  Jacob  F. 
Wyckoff,  of  New  York  City  ;  John  D.  Rockefeller, 
of  Cleveland,  O.  ;  AVilliam  Rockefeller,  of  New 
York ;    Charles    Pratt,   of   Brooklyn ;    Joseph   B. 


TREVOR    n.M.I.,    ROCHESTER    TMEOLOGICM.    SEMIN.VRV. 


was  upon  the  churches  for  means  to  defray  its  cur- 
rent expenses  as  well  as  to  support  its  beneficiaries, 
the  raising  of  a  sufficient  endowment  in  addition 
was  a  long  and  arduous  work.  In  fact,  it  has  only 
now,  after  thirty  j'cars  of  effort,  been  accomplished. 
The  sum  first  sought  to  be  secured  was  §75,000. 
This  was  not  obtained  until  after  ten  years  had 
passed.  In  1868  the  funds  of  the  Seminary  had 
reached  §100,000;  in  1874,  including  subscriptions 
of  §100,000  yet  unpaid,  they  amounted  to  §281,- 
fXXJ;  in  1881,  including  subscriptions  of  §179,0(X) 
yet  unpaid,  they  amount  to  .§ol2,(H)ij.  Adding  to 
tliis  sum  the  real  estate  of  the  Seminary,  valued  at 
§123,(X)0,  its  library  valued  at  §32,00(),  and  other 
property  to  the  extent  of  $6500,  the  total  assets  of 
the  institution  may  now  be  stated  as  amounting  to 
§674,000.  from  which,  however,  is  to  hie  subtracted 
an  indebtedness  of  $21 ,000,    leaving  its  net  prop- 


Iloyt,  of  Stamford,  Conn.;  Charles  Siodler,  of 
Jersey  City,  X.  J. ;  William  A.  Cauldwell,  of  Xcw 
York  ;  Mrs.  Eliza  A.  Witt,  of  Cleveland,  0. ;  Jere- 
miah Milbank,  of  New  York  ;  and  others. 

The  Seminary  instruction  was  for  some  years 
given  in  the  buildings  occupied  by  the  University 
of  Roi'hoster.  In  1869,  however,  the  erection  of 
Trevor  Hall,  at  an  expense  of  $42,0(>J,  to  which 
John  B.  Trevor,  Esq.,  of  Yonkers,  was  the  largest 
donor,  put  the  institution  for  the  first  time  in  pos- 
session of  suitable  dormitory  accommodations. 
The  gymnasium  building,  adjoining,  erected  in 
1874.  and  costing  with  grounds  §12.000,  was  also 
a  gift  of  Mr.  Trevor.  In  1879  Rockefeller  Hall, 
costing  §38,000,  was  built  by  John  D.  Rockefeller, 
Esq.,  of  Cleveland,  0.  It  contains  a  spacious  fire- 
proof room  for  library,  as  well  as  lecture-rooms, 
museum,  and  chapel,  and  furnishes  admirable  and 


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ROCHESTER 


ample  accommodation  for  the  teachint;  work  of  the 
seminary.  In  addition  to  tliese  buildings  the  Ger- 
man Students'  Home,  purchased  in  1874,  at  a  cost 
of  §2(),0()(),  furnishes  a  dormitory  and  lioardinj;- 
hall  for  the  German  department. 

Tlie  library  of  the  seminary  is  one  of  jrreat  value 
for  tlieolojiical  investii^ation.  It  cmbniccs  the 
whole  collection  of  Neander,  the  great  German 
church  historian,  which  was  presented  to  the  sem- 
inary in  1853  by  the  late  Hon.  Roswell  S.  Bur- 
rows, of  Albion.  N.  Y.  It  also  contains  in  great 
part  tlie  e.tegetical  apparatus  of  the  late  Dr.  Hora- 
tio 15.  Ilackett.  Valuable  additions  have  been 
inaile  to  it  from  the  "Bruce  Fund"  of  !?-').IH'0,  sub- 
scribed in  1872  by  John  M.  Bruce,  Esq.,  of  Yonkers, 
and  further  additions  from  this  source  are  hoped 
for.  The  generous  subscription  in  1879  of  !?2.j,000, 
by  William  Uockefeller,  Esq.,  of  New  York  City, 
has  furnished  means  for  extensive  enlargement,  so 
tliat  the  library  now  nuiiiliers  over  18,11011  volumes, 
and  it  is  well  provided  in  all  the  various  departments 
of  theology.  In  1880  the  "  Sherwood  Fund,"  con- 
tributed by  the  late  Rev.  Adiel  Sherwood,  D.D.,  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  furnished  the  means  for  beginning 
a  Museum  of  Biblical  Geography  and  Archaeology, 
iutcndeil  to  provide,  in  object  lessons,  valualile  aids 
for  the  study  of  the  Holy  Land,  its  customs  and 
its  physical  features. 

Thus  the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  has 
grown  from  small  beginnings  to  assured  strength 
and  success.  Its  early  years  were  years  of  trial 
and  financial  struggle;  but,  founded  as  it  was  in 
the  prayers  and  faith  of  godly  men,  it  has  lived  to 
justify  the  hopes  of  its  founders.  Of  those  who 
took  a  deep  interest  in  its  feeble  beginnings  should 
be  mentioned  the  names  of  Alfred  Bennett,  Wil- 
liam R.  Williams,  Justin  A.  .Smith,  Zenas  Free- 
man. Alvah  Strong,  Friend  Humphrey,  E.  E.  L. 
Taylnr,  E.  Latbrop,  J.  S.  Backu.s,  B.  T.  Welch, 
Wi'liiam  Phelps,  Lemuel  C.  Paine.  II.  C.  Fish,  A. 
15.  Capwell,  N.  W.  Benedict.  G.  0.  Baldwin,  G. 
1).  Boardman,  A.  R.  Pritchard,  Henry  E.  Robins. 
All  these  have  been  officers  of  the  New  York  Bap- 
tist Union  for  Ministerial  Education,  or  members 
of  its  boarii  of  trustees.  The  financial  manage- 
ment of  this  board  has  been  such  that  no  loss  of 
funds,  of  any  significance,  intrusted  to  its  care  has 
ever  occurred. 

The  results  of  the  work  of  the  Seminary  can 
never  be  measured  by  arithmetic.  As  its  purpose 
has  been  to  make  its  gr.aduates  men  of  thinking 
al)ility  and  of  practical  f  irce,  as  well  as  students 
and  preachers  of  the  word  of  God,  it  has  leavened 
the  denomination  with  its  influence,  and  has  done 
much  to  give  an  aggressive,  independent,  manly 
tone  to  our  ministry.  The  names  of  some  of  its 
former  students,  such  as  J.  II.  Castle.  J.  B.  Sim- 
mons. J.  V.  Schofield,  J.  D.  Fulton,  R.  J.  Adams, 
G4 


P.  AV.  Bickel,  G.  W.  Clarke,  B.  D.  Mar.shall,  E. 
Nisbet,  E.  J.  Fish,  J.  B.  Thomas,  (ialusha  Ander- 
son, E.  J.  Goodspeed.  E.  G.  Taylor,  C.  D.  W.  Bridg- 
man,  Norman  Fox,  O.  W.  Northrop,  A.  Kingman 
Xott,  J.  C.  Ilaselhuhn,  R.  M.  Nott.  C.  B.  Crane.  J. 
S.  Oubelmann.  Lemuel  Moss.  Thomas  Rogers,  .J.  C. 
C.  Clarke,  J.  II.  Griffith,  A.  A.  Kendrick.  Wayland 
Iloyt,  A.  J.  Sage,  H.  L.  Morehouse,  Wm.  A. 
Stevens,  J.  W.  B.  Clark,  S.  W.  Duncan,  A.  J. 
Rowland,  J.  F.  Elder,  T.  J.  Backus,  C.  J.  Bald- 
win, T.  J.  Morgan,  Wm.  T.  Stott,  W.  R.  Bene- 
dict, R.  S.  Macurthur,  E.  II.  Johnson,  W.  C.  P. 
Rhoades,  R.  B.  Hull,  A.  J.  Barrett,  0.  P.  Gif- 
ford,  T.  S.  Barbour,  and  many  others,  are  enough 
to  show  that  its  training  has  combined  in  equal 
proportions  the  intellectual  and  the  spiritual,  the 
theoretical  and  the  practical.  During  the  thirty 
years  of  the  seminary's  existence,  and  up  to  the 
present  year  (1881),  745  persons  have  been  con- 
nected with  the  institution  as  .students,  of  whom 
590  have  attended  upon  the  English  and  1.55  upon 
the  German  department.  Of  the  590  in  the  Eng- 
lish department,  444  have  been  graduates  of  col- 
leges, and  54  have  pursued  partial  courses  in  col- 
leges. Sixty-five  different  colleges  and  42  different 
States  and  countries  have  furnished  students  to 
the  seminary.  Three  hundred  and  sixty-nine  per- 
sons have  completed  the  full  three  years'  course, 
including  the  study  of  the  Hebrew  and  Greek 
Scriptures;  221  have  pursued  a  partial  course,  or 
have  left  the  seminary  before  graduating.  The 
average  number  of  students  sent  out  each  year  has 
been  19.  The  number  of  students  during  the  last 
seminary  year  has  been  70,  of  whom  50  were  in 
the  English  department.  Of  its  former  students, 
41  have  filled  the  position  of  president  or  professor 
in  theological  seminaries  or  colleges;  31  have  gone 
abroad  as  foreign  missionaries  ;  and  25  have  been 
missionaries  in  the  West;  20  have  been  secretaries 
or  agents  of  our  benevolent  societies  ;  and  4  have 
become  editors  of  religious  journals.  AVith  such 
a  record  in  the  past,  and  in  the  present  more  fully 
equipped  than  ever  before  for  its  work,  there  seems 
to  open  before  the  seminary  a  future  of  the  utmost 
promise.  It  remains  only  to  state  that  the  Roches- 
ter Theological  Seminary  is  maintained  and  con- 
trolled by  the  New  York  Baptist  Union  for  Minis- 
terial Education,  a  society  composed  of  contributing 
members  of  Baptist  churches,  and  that  the  actual 
government  and  care  of  the  seminary  is  in  its  de- 
tails committed  to  a  hoard  of  trustees  of  thirty- 
three  members,  eleven  of  whom  are  elected  by  the 
Union  annually.  The  present  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  is  John  II.  Deane,  Esq.,  of  New- 
York,  and  the  corresponding  secretary  is  Rev. 
William  Elgin,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Rochester,  University  of.— This  institution  is 
situated  in   Rochester,  N.  Y..  a  city  of  90.000  in- 


ROCHESTER 


1002 


ROCHESTER 


habitants,  on  the  Genesee  Kivor,  six  miles  south  of 
Lake  Ontario.  It  li:is  no  preparatory  ilipartnient, 
and  no  organic  connection  with  the  fionrisliinj; 
theological  seminary  in  the  same  city  ;  nor  has  it 
as  yet  organized  schools  of  law,  medicine,  or  ap- 
plied science.  Its  purpose — so  far  as  that  purpose 
lias  been  attained — is  simply  to  superinduce  upon 
the  instruction  given  in  the  academy  or  the  high 
School,  such  broad  and  generous  culture  as  is  essen- 
tial to  the  successful  prosecution  of  any  of  the 
learned  professions,  and  indisputably  useful  to  the 
merchant,  the  farmer,  or  the  mechanic. 


III.  The  eclectic  course,  designed  for  students 
who  may  desire  to  receive  instruction  in  particular 
departments  without  becoming  candidates  for  de- 
grees. Such  students  are  admitted,  provided  they 
have  the  requisite  preparation  for  the  studies  of 
those  departments  and  become  subject  to  the  laws 
of  the  university.  Tliis  arrangement  is  intended 
to  meet  the  wants  of  those  whose  age  or  circum- 
stances may  prevent  them  from  pursuing  either  of 
the  regular  courses,  but  who  are  desirous  of  ob- 
taining the  liberal  culture  which  the  studies  of  a 
portion  of  the  course  will  give  them.     Special  care 


lMVEr;SITV    OF    ROCUESTLR. 


Three  courses  of  study  are  open  to  the  members 
of  the  university : 

I.  The  classical  course,  extending  through  four 
years, — at  the  expiration  of  which  time  tho.se  who 
have  satisfactorily  met  the  rer|uiremonts  of  the 
faculty  are  admitted  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts. 

II.  The  scientific  course,  extending  through  four 
years, — requiring  Latin  as  essential  to  the  success- 
ful prosecution  of  the  modern  languages  and  the 
mastery  of  scientific  tcrminolog}' ;  but  prescribing, 
in  the  place  of  Greek,  a  more  extended  course  of 
study  in  the  physical  sciences.  Those  who  satis- 
factorily complete  this  course  are  admitted  to  t\»\ 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 


is  taken  to  give  such  pupils  the  instruction  wliiili 
they  require. 

The  number  of  students  in  attendance  upon  the 
university  in  1880  was  160,  of  whom  lO.i  were 
pursuing  the  classical  course,  16  the  scientific 
course,  19  the  eclectic  course,  while  21  were  special 
students  in  the  department  of  chemistry.  These 
students  were  distributed  into  classes  as  follows : 
Seniors,  30  ;  Juniors,  26  ;  Sophomores,  32  ;  Fresh- 
men, 53.  Of  the  whole  number  of  students,  46 
were  from  Rochester  ;  83  from  places  in  the  State 
of  New  York  outside  of  Rochester;  while  the 
remaining  31  were  divided  among  14  different 
States,  as  follows  :  Pennsylvania,  5  ;  Michigan,  4: 
New  Jersey,  4  ;  Illinois,  4  ;  Connecticut,  3  ;  Ohio, 


ROCHESTER 


1003 


ROCUEHTER 


3;  Maine,  Miissacliusetts,  Iowa,   Minnesota,  Cali- 
fornia, Wisconsin,  Keiituol<y,  (jeoifjia,  1  eaeli. 

The  faculty  of  instruction  includes  the  follow- 
ing names,  twelve  in  number:  Martin  B.  An- 
lierson,  LL.D.,  President,  Burbank  Professor  of 
Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosopliy ;  Asahcl  C. 
Kendrick,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Munro  Professor  of  the 
tiicck  Lanj;uai;e  and  Literature;  Isaair  F.  l^uinby, 
LL.D.,  Harris  Professor  of  Mathematics  ami  Nat- 
ural Philosophy;  Samuel  A.  Lattiniore,  Ph.D., 
LL.D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Curator  of  the 
Cabinets  ;  Albert  IL  Mixer.  A.M.,  Professor  of 
Modern  Languages;  Joseph  II.  (iilinore,  A.M., 
Deane  Professor  of  Logic,  Khetoric,  and  English 
Literature;  Otis  II.  Robinson,  A.M.,  Professor  of 
Mathematics  and  Librarian  ;  William  C.  Morey, 
A.M.,  Professor  of  Latin  and  History  ;  Henry  F. 
Burton,  A.M.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Latin  ;  George 
M.  Forbes,  A.M..  Assistant  Professor  of  Greek  ; 
E.  R.  Benton,  A-ssistant  Professor  of  the  Natural 


adorned  and  well-kept  lot,  embracing  twenty-three 
and  a  half  acres. 

The  principal  building,  Amlersou  Hall,  wa.<( 
designed  almost  exclusively  for  recitation-rooms, 
although  it  affords  temporary  accommodations  fir 
the  chapel,  cabinets,  :ind  chemical  laboratory  of 
the  university,  and  includi's,  in  the  basement,  apart- 
ments for  the  janitor  and  .iinph^  facilities  for  stiu- 
age.  It  is  a  severely  plain  but  very  substantial 
structure,  of  brownstone,  three  stories  in  height, 
and  150  feet  in  length  by  GO  in  breadth.  The  cost 
of  the  building,  which  was  completed  in  1861,  was 
S!39,(X)0. 

Sibley  Hall,  the  gift  of  the  Hon.  Ilirani  Sibley, 
of  Rochester,  is  a  strictly  fire-proof  building,  de- 
signed for  the  accommodation  of  the  libniry,  and 
capable  of  affording  shelf-room  for  '1M,(M)  vol- 
umes. It  is  12.i  feet  by  60,  with  a  projection  20 
feet  square  in  the  centre  of  the  front,  and  has  only 
two  floors,  though  its  walls  are  52  feet  in  height. 


SIBLEY    HALL,    IMVERSITV    OF    ROCHESTER. 


Sciences;  Herman  K.  Phinney,  A.M.,  Assistant 
Librarian. 

Notices  of  President  Anderson  and  several  of 
his  colleagues  will  be  found  in  this  work,  under 
their  respective  names. 

The  buildings  of  the  University  of  Rochester  are 
situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  about  a 
mile  from   the  business  centre,  on  a  handsomely 


The  material  is  brownstone,  with  white  trim- 
mings ;  the  style  of  architecture  is  somewhat 
ornate  ;  and  the  building  cost  about  $100,000. 
The  lower  story  is  at  present  all  that  is  needed  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  library,  and  the  upper 
story  will,  it  is  hoped,  soon  be  fitted  up  to  receive 
the  valuable  cabinets  of  the  university. 

On  the  university  campus  there  is  also  a  small 


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building  erected  for  the  accoinmodation  of  tlie 
Trevor  telescope, — an  instrument  designed  mainly 
for  use  as  an  adjunct  to  class-room  instruction, 
though  sufficiently  powerful  for  purposes  of  special 
investigation.  And,  but  a  few  steps  from  the 
campus,  on  a  plot  of  ground  four  acres  in  extent, 
is  the  president's  house,  which  was  presented  to 
the  university  by  the  citizens  of  Rochester  and 
others  in  1868. 

The  library  of  the  university  has  been  acquired 
mainly  by  purchase,  and  includes  few  duplicates, 
and  still  fewer  trashy  and  ephemeral  publications. 
It  contains  more  than  18.001)  volumes,  ami  espe- 
cial care  is  taken  to  make  its  contents  practically 
available  by  a  card  catalogue,  and  by  indexes  of 
periodical  and  of  miscellaneous  literature,  all  of 
which  are  constantly  kept  up  to  date,  and  accessi- 
ble to  every  student.  Provision  is  made  for  the 
annual  increase  of  the  library  by  a  fund  of  $50,000, 
whicli  was  presented  to  the  university  l)y  Gen.  -John 
F.  Uathbone  and  Lewis  llathbone,  of  .Vlbany. 

The  cabinets  of  geology  and  mineralogy  were 
collected  by  Prof.  Henry  A.  Ward  during  ten 
years  of  extensive  foreign  travel  and  during  many 
careful  visits  to  the  most  fruitful  American  locali- 
ties. They  were  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Kocbester,  in  1862,  for  S20,000  (a  sum  far  less 
than  their  present  estimated  value),  and  presented 
to  the  university.  Dr.  Torrey,  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege, says  that  '"no  geological  cabinet  in  the 
United  States  can  compare,  in  magnitude  and 
value,  with  this  ;"  and  that  the  mineralogical  cab- 
inet, "although  it  is  not  the  best  in  the  United 
States,  is  excelled  by  very  few,  and  is  admirably 
selected  for  the  purpose  of  instruction.'"  "For 
fullness  and  perfection  of  specimens,''  says  Presi- 
dent Loomis,  of  Lcwisburg.  "  it  is  superior  to  any 
cabinet  that  I  have  ever  seen.  "  Prof.  Silliman 
(Jr.)  characterizes  it  as '' the  most  extensive  geo- 
logical museum  in  the  United  States,''  and  pre- 
dicts that  "it  will  ultimately  attract  students  from 
all  parts  of  the  country," — a  prediction  which  is 
already  realized.  Similar  opinions  have  been  ex- 
l)ressed  by  Prof.  Hitchcock  (Sr.),  President  Win- 
chell,  and  Profs.  Agassiz,  Hall,  and  Orton. 

The  value  of  the  unproductive  property  of  the  uni- 
versity (including  land,  buildings,  library,  cabinets, 
and  apparatus)  was,  in  June,  1881,  $408,40.5.05. 
The  interest-bearing  funds  were,  at  the  same  date, 
S4o5,007.1.').  The  expenses  of  the  university  for  the 
year  ending  June  5,  1881,  were  $30,616.34.  Its 
receipts  from  students'  tuition  were  $548.5 ;  from 
other  sources,  $28,121.34;  making  a  total  of 
$33, .507.83, — being  an  excess  of  income  over  ex- 
penses, for  the  last  academic  year,  of  $2891.49. 

The  university  year  begins  twelve  weeks  after 
commencement-day.  whiidi  occurs  on  the  second 
Wednesday  before  the  first  of  July,  and  is  divided 


into  three  terms.  Each  student  is  charged,  for  tuition 
and  incidei\tals,  $25  a  term.  Forty  .scholarships, 
yielding  free  tuition,  are,  however,  set  apart  for 
candidates  for  the  Baptist  ministry,  twelve  similar 
scholarships  for  graduates  of  the  Rochester  city 
.schools,  four  similar  scholarships  (endowed)  for 
graduates  of  the  Brockport  State  Xoriiial  School, 
and  six  similar  scholarships  (endowed)  for  indi- 
gent students  who  fall  under  neither  of  these  cate- 
gories. The  university  also  has  a  fund  of  $50,000 
(the  gift  of  John  II.  Deane,  Esq.,  of  New  York), 
the  interest  of  which  is  available  for  the  assistance 
of  the  sons  of  Baptist  ministers, — preference  being 
given,  other  things  being  equal,  to  students  from 
the  States  of  Xew  York  and  New  Jersey.  In 
point  of  fact,  tuition  is  remitted  to  every  student 
of  promise  who  really  needs  such  remission,  and 
the  number  of  those  who  do  need  it  is  about  one- 
third  the  whole  number  in  attendance.  The  uni- 
versity also  distriiiutes  about  $.300  a  year  in  prizes, 
the  most  important  of  which  is  the  Stoddard  medal, 
valued  at  $100,  for  proficiency  in  mathematics ; 
and  there  are,  in  addition,  two  post-graduate  schol- 
arships,— the  Sherman  scholarship  in  the  depart- 
ment of  political  economy,  and  the  Townsend 
scholarship  in  the  department  of  constitutional 
law,— each  of  which  yields,  to  some  member  of 
the  graduating  class,  $300. 

The  University  of  Rochester  has  no  "  dormi- 
tories," its  custodians  regarding  them  as  of  ques- 
tionable value  so  far  as  economy  is  concerned,  and 
a  positive  detriment  to  the  student  physically, 
morally,  and  intellectually.  In  a  city  of  the  size 
of  Rochester  it  is  not  difficult  for  the  university  to 
find  suitable  accommodations  for  its  students  in 
Christian  homes;  and  they  are  taught  to  regard 
themselves  as  members  of  the  community  in  which 
they  temporarily  reside,  subject  to  its  laws  ami 
amenable  to  its  usages.  The  price  which  the  indi- 
vidual student  pays  for  room  and  board  varies  from 
S3  to  $6  per  week,  making  his  total  expense,  on 
this  account,  for  the  forty  weeks  during  which  the 
college  is  in  session  fall  between  $120  and  $240  a 
year.  The  students  of  the  university  are  addicted 
to  no  expensive  amusements,  and  are,  as  a  rule, 
economical  in  their  habits.  Some  of  them,  no 
doubt,  with  the  help  of  free  tuition,  get  thi-ough 
the  year  for  $250  apiece  ;  and  the  faculty  would 
regard  $500  as  a  liberal  allowance  for  any  one  of 
them.  Meanwhile,  students  for  the  ministry  re- 
ceive aid — in  some  cases  to  the  amount  of  $1(X)  a 
year — from  the  "  Union  for  Ministerial  Education  :  ' 
and  in  a  city  whose  industries  are  so  numerous  and 
varied  .as  those  of  Rochester,  frequent  opportunities 
for  remunerative  employment  that  will  not  seriously 
interfere  with  one's  studies  present  themselves. 

The  discipline  of  the  university,  which  is  ad- 
ministered by  the  president,  is  that  of  the  family 


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ROCHESTER 


rather  than  that  of  the  pnlice  station.  Younj; 
men  are  put,  as  far  as  possible,  upon  their  honor, 
and  encouraged  to  become,  in  a  hii;h  and  noble 
sense,  a  law  unto  themselves.  They  are  encour- 
aged fully  to  communicate  with  the  members  of 
the  faculty  upon  all  matters  connected  with  their 
intellectual  and  religious  culture,  as  well  as  with 
reference  to  their  pecuniary  difficulties,  their  plans 
and  purposes.  The  necessity  for  discipline  is  thus 
very  largely  forestalled  by  establishing,  in  place  of 
the  time  honored  antagonism  between  teacher  and 
pupils,  relations  of  personal  friendship  which  will 
enable  the  instructor  to  exert  a  constant  influence 
for  good. 

The  discipline,  as  well  as  the  instruction  of  the 
university,  is  facilitated  by  the  fact  that  it  has  no 
■"  tutors"  or  "  instructors :"  that  each  student,  so 
soon  as  he  enters  the  university,  is  brought  in  per- 
sonal contact  with  men  who  liiive  made  the  disci- 
pline and  training  of  youth  a  life-study.  The 
time-honored  American  college  course — a  distinc- 
tive outgrowth  of  American  society,  which  has 
proved  its  usefulness  too  conclusively  to  be  lightly 
set  aside — forms  the  basis  of  instruction  in  the 
university  ;  but  the  course  is,  in  accordance  with 
the  demands  of  the  times,  enlarged  in  the  direction 
of  the  modern  languages  and  the  physical  sciences, 
and  is  subject  to  some  variation,  to  adapt  it  better 
to  the  wants  of  the  individual  student  during  the 
Junior  and  Senior  years.  Special  encouragement 
is  given  to  the  best  men  in  each  class  to  pursue 
extra  studies  under  the  immediate  supervision  of 
the  Faculty;  and  many  of  the  students,  in  this 
way,  practically  add  a  fifth  year  to  their  under- 
graduate course.  Groat  freedom  of  discussion 
is  permitted  in  the  clnss-rnom,  and  the  utmost 
pains  is  taken  in  every  department  of  instruction 
to  trace  the  growth  of  principles  and  the  bearing 
of  conflicting  opinions  on  the  vital  questions  of  the 
present  day.  It  is  a  definite  purpose  with  the 
corps  of  instructors  not  merely  to  store  the  mind 
with  facts,  but  to  develop  the  capacity  to  accumu- 
late and  co-ordinate  facts,  and  give  expression  to 
the  principles  which  un<lerlie  them.  Their  para- 
mount object,  however,  is  to  fit  the  students  in- 
truste<l  to  their  charge,  morally  as  well  as  intel- 
lectually, to  acquit  themselves  as  men  in  any  station 
that  they  may  be  called  to  fill  ;  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  graduates  of  the  University  of  Uochcster, 
wherever  they  are  foumi,  evince  an  independence 
of  thought,  a  breadth  of  culture,  ami  an  adapta- 
tion to  the  exigencies  of  practical  life  with  which 
college  graduates  are  not,  as  a  class,  accredited. 

It  is  necessary  to  supplement  the  cur.sory  view 
that  has  been  taken  of  the  University  of  Rochester 
as  it  is,  by  an  outline  sketch  of  its  history,  which 
will  still  further  illustrate  its  distinctive  character. 

As  early  as  1820  the  Baptists  of  the  State  of 


New  York  established  at  Hamilton,  in  Madison 
County,  an  institution  of  learning  which  "had 
one  object  exclusively,  namely,  to  furnish  means 
for  the  education  of  young  men  who  shall  give 
evidence  of  a  call  to  the  Christian  ministry."  The 
object  and  methods  of  instruction  at  Hamilton 
gradually  broadened  in  the  lapse  of  time,  but  not 
to  a  degree  commensurate  with  the  growing  inter- 
ests of  the  Xew  York  Baptists  in  general,  as  dis- 
tinguislied  from  distinctively  ministerial,  education. 
Meanwhile,  objection  was  made  to  Hamilton  as  an 
unsuitable  site  for  such  a  college  tis  the  Baptists  of 
New  York  would  inevitably  demand,  and  attention 
was  called  to  the  fact  that  west  of  Cayuga  Bridge 
there  was  a  large  section  of  the  State — populous, 
intelligent,  wealthy,  and  rapidly  being  brought 
into  railroad  communication  with  Pennsylvania. 
Canada,  and  the  great  West — which  was  utterly 
destitute  of  collegiate  facilities. 

The  result  was  a  determined  effort,  which  took 
definite  shape  in  1847,  to  remove  Madison  Uni- 
versity to  Rochester,  give  to  its  course  of  study  a 
broader  and  more  generous  character,  and  secure 
for  it  an  .idequate  endowment.  Into  the  heated 
controversy  between  the  friends  and  opponents  of 
removal  to  which  this  proposition  gave  rise  it  is 
not  necessary  or  desirable  to  go.  The  removal  of 
Madison  University  to  Rochester  was  authorized 
by  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  voted  by  its  board 
of  trustees,  and  approved  by  a  large  ccjnvention  of 
New  York  Baptists  assembled  at  Albany  in  1849. 
Legal  hindrances  were,  however,  thrown  in  the 
way  of  the  desired  change,  and  the  advocates  of 
removal  made  application  to  "  the  Regents  of  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  Y'ork"  for  a  charter 
for  a  new  college  at  Rochester.  This  application 
was  granted  Jan.  31,  1850,  subject  to  the  proviso 
that  ;*130.000  be  raised  for  the  new  college  within 
two  years.  On  the  2d  of  December,  in  the  same 
year,  satisfactory  proof  was  submitted  to  the  regents 
that  this  provision  had  been  complied  with  ;  and, 
Feb.  14,  18.il,  the  regents  issued  that  charter  under 
which  the  university  is  now  organized. 

This  charter  did  not  vest  the  control  of  the  uni- 
versity in  any  religious  denomination.  It  simply 
created  a  self-perpetuating  board  of  trustees, — 
twenty-four  in  number, — who  hold  office  for  life, 
but  may  be  removed,  by  vote  of  their  associates, 
for  non-attendance  at  five  successive  annual  meet- 
ings. Twenty  of  the  trustees  named  in  the  charter 
were  Baptists,  and  the  Baptists  have  thus  main- 
tained an  effective  control  over  the  university. 
Different  religious  denominations  have  nlwnvs. 
however,  been  represented  in  its  board  of  trustees 
and  faculty  of  instruction:  and  Methodists.  Presby- 
terians, Episcopalians,  Romanists,  and  Jews  meet 
on  an  equal  footing  with  Baptists  in  its  chapel  and 
recitation-rooms. 


HOCIlEfiTRIl 


lonr. 


ROCHESTKlt 


It  must  not  lie  iiilV'ned  tliiit  eitlier  tin-  legal 
itUiiriliiin.s  of  the  University  of  Kocliesteror  its  corps 
of  instructors  regard  with  indifference  any  of  the 
truths  inculcated  in  the  Christian  Scriptures.  They 
simply  feel  that  the  college  class-room  is  no  place 
lor  the  discussion  of  those  truths  respecting  which 
Christians  themselves  are  unhappily  divided;  that 
the  true  aim  of  a  denominational  college  is  not  to 
proselyte,  but  to  protect.  Instruction  is  given  in 
every  department  from  a  Christian  stand-point, 
and  in  a  Christian  spirit :  and  it  is  the  aim  of  the 
faculty,  in  connection  with  the  discipline  of  the 
intellect,  to  inculcate  a  pure  morality  and  those 
truths  and  duties  respecting  which  all  evangelical 
Christians  are  agreed.  The  stuilents,  whatever 
their  religious  proclivities,  are  expected  to  attend 
morning  prayer.s  in  the  university  chapel,  and  at- 
tendance upon  that  exercise  is,  in  puint  of  fact,  as 
regular  as  at  any  other. 

The  University  of  Rochester  was  organized,  under 
tlie  provisional  charter  granted  hy  the  regents,  on 
the  first  iMonday  in  Noverahev,  1850,  having  at- 
tracted to  itself  five  professors — Thomas  J.  Conant, 
■lohn  S.  Maginnis,  A.  C.  Kendrick,  John  II.  Ray- 
mond, John  F.  Richardson — and  a  considerable 
number  of  students  from  the  older  institution  at 
Hamilton.  The  first  catalogue  reported  8  instruc- 
tors and  71  pupils:  .and  in  July,  IS.Jl,  it  gradu- 
ated its  first  class  of  10.  In  18.'j.'5,  Martin  15.  An- 
derson, LL.D.,  assumed  the  presidency  of  the  new 
institution,  and  its  ultimate  success  was  from  that 
time  assured.  Still,  it  has  passed  through  many 
periods  of  adversity,  during  which  its  very  exist- 
ence seemed  imperiled  ;  and  those  periods  of  ad- 
versity have  corresponded  very  closely  to  our 
periods  of  national  depression  and  gloom.  In 
18.00.  when  the  university  was  but  six  years  old, 
its  students  numbered  163,  and  it  seemed  destined 
speedily  to  take  rank  with  institutions  that  could 
boast  of  a  century's  growth.  Then  came  the  finan- 
cial crisis  of  1857,  attended  by  pccnniary  embar- 
rassment for  the  university,  and  a  diminution  of 
its  PVeshman  class  from  47  in  185fi  to  28  in  1858. 
In  ISGO  the  university  seemed  to  have  measurably 
recovered  its  lost  ground.  The  entering  class  num- 
bered 45,  and  the  whole  number  of  students  was 
168.  Then  came  the  civil  war.  The  first  two 
years'  regiment  raised  in  New  York  to  recruit  the 
Union  army  was  raised  and  commanded  by  Pro- 
fessor (afterwards  General)  Quinby.  Of  the  198 
alumni  of  the  university  {including  the  class  of 
1861 ),  25,  or  about  one  in  eight,  entered  the  service, 
and  these  were  speedily  joined  by  29  of  the  lower 
classmen.  Three  undergraduate  members  of  the 
university  and  seven  of  its  alumni  died  of  wounds 
or  disease  in  the  service  of  their  country,  and  their 
names  are  commemorated  by  a  memorial  tablet  in 
the  university  chapel.     So  far  as  is  known,  only 


one  graduate  of  the  university  entered  the  Confed- 
erate army  ;  and  he  was  faithful  to  the  cause  that 
he  espoused,  and  sealed  his  devotion  by  his  death. 
Not  only  were  the  classes  of  the  university,  but  the 
classes  of  the  preparatory  schools  on  which  it 
relied  for  students,  thus  depleted  by  the  civil  war; 
and  a  tendency  was  developed  among  the  young 
men  of  tlie  country  towards  active  rather  than 
student  life,  which  has  hardly  yet  been  outgrown. 
As  a  natural  consequence,  the  entering  class  fell 
as  low  as  19  (in  1804),  and  the  whole  number  of 
students  as  low  as  100  (in  1866).  With  the  return 
of  peace  there  was  a  gradual  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  students,  however,  until,  in  1873,  the  Fresh- 
man class  included  53,  and  the  whole  number  of 
students  in  attendance  was  173.  It  was  not  long 
before  the  financial  distress  of  the  nation  again  in- 
terfered with  the  pecuniary  prosperity  of  the  uni- 
versity, and  sensibly  diminished  the  number  of  its 
students,  who,  in  1878,  were  only  140,  though  there 
are  cheering  indications  of  returning  prosperity. 

During  all  these  vicissitudes  the  University  of 
Rochester  has  been  sustained  by  the  devotion  of 
its  noble-hearted  president,  supported  by  a  body 
of  friends  and  benefactors  of  whom  any  institu- 
tion of  learning  might  well  be  proud.  Prominent 
among  the  early  friends  of  the  university  stood 
John  N.  Wilder,  Pharcellus  Church,  and  Oren 
Sage,  of  Rochester  ;  William  L.  Marcy,  Ira  Harris, 
and  Friend  Humphrey,  of  Albany  ;  William  R. 
Williams,  Sewall  S.  Cutting,  and  Robert  and  AVil- 
liam  Kelley,  of  New  York.  With  these  names  may 
projierly  be  associated  that  of  William  N.  Sage, 
who  has  from  the  first  had  charge  of  the  finances 
of  the  university,  and  has  contributed  more  efli- 
ciently  to  its  success  than  any  other  man  save  its 
first  and  only  president.  The  names  of  the  prin- 
cipal pecuniary  benefactors  of  the  university  may 
be  ascertained  from  the  following  list,  which  in- 
cludes the  names  of  all  persons  who  have  sub- 
scribed $10,000  or  more  to  its  funds.  The  sums 
affixed  to  their  respective  names  are  all  the  eulogy 
they  require:  Hon.  Hiram  Sibley  (library  build- 
ing), SI02,000:  Jnhn  B.  Trevor,  SI  13.000;  John 
II.  Deane,  S100,WO ;  Hon.  Williiim  Kelley  and 
fomily,  ?38,5.50:  Gen.  John  F.  R.athbone  (library 
fund),  $42,575  ;  Tracy  II.  Harris  (chair  of  Math- 
ematics), $30,2.50;  Joseph  B.  Hoyt,  $27,600; 
Charles  Pratt,  $25,.500  ;  Jeremiah  Millbank, 
$25,000 ;  John  D.  Rockefeller,  $25,000  ;  State  of 
New  York  (Anderson  Hall),  $25,000;  Jacob  F. 
Wyckoff,  $22,000;  James  B.  Colgate,  $20,000; 
Gideon  W,  Burbank  (chair  of  Metaphysics),  $17.- 
.500;  Lewis  Rathbone  (library  fund).  $12,500: 
Deacon  Oren  Sage  and  family,  $11,765;  Lewis 
Roberts,  $10,925  ;  John  N.  Wilder,  $10,000;  Hon. 
Azariah  Boody  (land),  $10,000. 

The  number  of  students  who  since  the  organiza- 


ROCHESTER 


1007 


ROCKWELL 


tion  of  the  university  have  completed  the  chissical 
course  and  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  is  707.  Tlie 
number  who  have  completed  the  scientific  course 
and  received  the  degree  of  B.S.  is  39.  Tlie  whole 
numl)er  of  graduates,  down  to  and  including  ISSl, 
is  746.  Of  the  graduates  of  the  university,  1.*<1  had, 
in  187.'^,  entered  the  ChristiaTi  ministry,  including 
such  men  as  the  lamented  Kingman  Nutt;  Bridge- 
man,  MiicArtliur,  and  Hull,  of  New  York;  Crane, 
of  Boston  ;  Fulton,  of  Brooklyn  ;  Goodspeed,  of 
Chicago  ;  Sage,  of  Hartford  ;  Telford,  Chilcott,  and 
Kreyer,  of  China;  Jameson,  of  Bassein  ;  and  Com- 
fort, of  Assam.  One  hundred  and  nineteen  (repre- 
sented hy  such  men  as  .Judge  Bailey,  of  the  Appellate 
Court  of  niinois;  Juilge  Tourgee,  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  North  Carolina;  -Judge  Macomber,  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York)  had  studied  law; 
19  had  studied  medicine  ;  18  (including  such  names 
as  Manton  Marble.  Joseph  O'Connor,  and  Rossiter 
Johnson)  had  attained  to  a  pruminent  position  as 
journalists;  9lt — or  nearly  one  in  seven  of  the  en- 
tire number  of  graduates — had,  as  professional 
teachers,  transmitted  the  spirit  and  methods  of  the 
University  of  Rochester  to  other  institutions  of 
learning.  Among  them  we  may  mention  Prof.  S. 
n.  Carpenter,  LL.D.,  of  the  University  of  AViscon- 
sin  ;  President  A.  A.  Brooks,  of  Goliad  College, 
Texas;  President  Lemuel  Moss,  D.D.,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Indiana;  President  Galusha  Anderson, 
D.D.,  and  Prof.  A.  J.  Howe,  of  the  University  of 
Chicago;  President  Sylvanus  Taft,  of  California 
College;  Pmf.  Wm.  C.  Wilkinson,  D.D.,  of  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary;  Prof.  Wm.  Wirt 
Fay,  of  the  United  States  Naval  Academy  ;  Prof. 
Wm.  Harkness.  of  the  United  States  Naval  Obser- 
vatory ;  Prof.  John  C.  C.  Clarke,  of  Shurtleff  Col- 
lege ;  Prof.  Norman  Robinson,  of  Bethel  College, 
Ky. ;  Prof.  Norman  Fox,  of  William  Jewell  Col- 
lege, Mo.  ;  Prof.  D.  II.  Robinson,  of  the  University 
of  Kansas  ;  Prof.  John  C.  Overhiser,  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Polytechnic  Institute  ;  Profs.  Otis  II.  Robinson 
and  William  C.  Morey,  of  the  University  of  Roch- 
ester ;  Prof.  Truman  J.  Backus,  of  Va.ssar  College  ; 
Prof.  Carl  T.  Kreyer,  of  Kau-Chang  Mian  College, 
China:  Prof.  Albert  T.  Barrett,  of  Mary  Sharpe 
College, Tenn. :  Principal  Malcolm  McVicar,  LL.D., 
of  the  Potsdam  (N.  \.)  Normal  School  ;  Principal 
William  J.  Milne,  of  the  Geneseo  (N.  Y.)  Normal 
School  ;  Principal  F.  B.  Palmer,  of  the  Fredonia 
(N.  Y.)  Normal  School ;  Prof.  Frank  S.  Capen,  of 
the  Cortland  (N.  Y.)  Normal  School  :  Principal  A. 
C.  Winters,  of  Cook  Academy;  Principal  Merrill 
E.  Gates,  of  the  Albany  Academy. 

About  one-third  of  the  graduates  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Rochester  have,  it  will  be  seen,  devoted 
themselves  to  active  rather  than  professional  life, — 
a  fact  which  abundantly  vindicates  the  wisdom  of 
its  founders  when  thev  recognized  the  demand  for 


a  college  that  should  educate  its  students  as  men, 
rather  than  as  ministers,  doctors,  or  lawyers  in 
embryo ;  and  make  equal  provision  for  the  sons  of 

]  the  rich  and  the  sons  of  the  poor.  To  such  men 
as  the  Hon.  Henry  Strong,  of  Chicago ;  the  Hon. 
-Moreau  S.  Crosby,  of  Grand  Rapids ;  Isaac  E. 
Sheldon,  of  New  York;  Edwin  0.  Sage,  of  Roch- 
ester :  Lieut.-Col.  Elwell  S.  Otis,  of  the  U.  S.  army  : 
William  H.  Harris,  of  Cleveland  ;  George  K.  and 
William  H.   Davis,  of  Cincinnati,  the  university 

i  points  in  exemplification  of  the  practical  benefits 

j  of  the  culture  she  affords.  Upon  them  she  con- 
fidently relies  for  the  means  to  do  more  and  better 
work  in  the  future  than  she  has  done  in  the  past. 

Rockefeller,  John  D.,  a  resident  of  Cleveland, 
O.,  and  one  of  the  most  successful   business  men 

I  of  the  day,  began  life  with  few  advantages  save 
hcmesty  of  purpose  and  a  determined  Christian 
character.  With  a  small  capital  he  commenced 
business,  and  now  the  company  of  which  he  is  the 
head  employs  thousands  of  men,  and  as  a  result  of 
his  skill  and  economy  Mr.  Rockefeller  has  amassed 
for  himself  a  very  considerable  fortune. 

In  his  business  success,  however,  Mr.  Rocke- 
feller has  not  forgotten  his  obligations  to  God.  He 
has  been  for  years  a  most  faithful  and  valued  mem- 
ber of  the  Euclid  Avenue  Baptist  church  of  Cleve- 
land, and  has  given  large  sums  to  this  body,  to 
missionary  and  other  benevolent  societies,  and  to 
educational  institutions.  One  of  his  latest  and 
most  princely  acts  of  beneficence  was  the  presenta- 
tion to  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  at  a  cost  of 
about  S40,000,  of  a  new  building  for  lecture-rooms, 
library,  and  chapel,  which,  in  grateful  recognition 
of  his  services,  has  been  called  Rockefeller  Hall. 

I  Mr.  Rockefeller  is  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  is  con- 

I  stantly  proving  himself  a  "good  steward''  for  the 

,  Master  of  souls. 

Rockwell,  Rev.  Cortland  Butler,  the  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Merton,  Wis.,  was  born  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  Nov.  10,  1841.  Here  he  spent  his 
early  life  until  about  nine  years  of  age,  when  his 
father's  family  removed  to  Rome,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 
Eight  years  afterwariis  he  returned  with  his  parents 
to  his  native  city.  He  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ 
in  IS54,  and  the  same  year  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Rome,  Pa.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war,  in  1861,  he  entered  the  U.  S.  navy,  and  served 
in  the  position  of  paymaster's  steward,  on  board 
the  U.  S.  sloop  "  Granite."  for  a  term  of  three  years. 
Mr.  Rockwell's  conviction  that  he  was  called  to 
preach  the  gospel  began  soon  after  his  conversion, 
and  it  was  only  after  a  struggle  extending  through 
years  that  he  became  obedient  to  the  call  of  God. 
In  October,  1867,  when  twenty-six  years  of  age.  he 
was  licensed  by  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  New 
London  to  preach  the  gospel.  Having  received  a 
call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  War- 


ROCK  WOOD 


1008 


SOGERS 


renville,  in  the  town  of  Ashford,  Windham  Co., 
Conn.,  he  was  ordained  by  that  cliurch  Dec.  3,  1868. 
He  was  subsefjuently  pastor  of  Second  Woodstock, 
Eastford,  Union.  Plainfield,  and  East  Killingly, 
Conn.  In  1879,  having  received  a  call  from  the 
Baptist  church  in  Merton,  Wis.,  he  accepted,  and 
removed  to  Merton,  where  he  now  labors.  While 
in  Windham  Co.,  Conn.,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  one  year  from  the  town  of  Eastford. 
Mr.  Hockwell's  ministry  has  been  marked  by  suc- 
cess. The  churches  have  been  strengthened  and 
many  souls  led  to  Christ  under  his  labors. 

Rockwood,  Rev.  Edwin  J.,  was  born  in  Rera- 
sen,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  25,  1835;  baptized  in 
May,  18.')2.  lie  was  educated  at  Rochester  Uni- 
versity, graduating  with  honors.  lie  was  ordained 
at  Waterloo,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  17,  18G3.  From  Water- 
loo he  removed  West.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist churches  in  Sioux  City  and  Logan,  Iowa,  Bel- 
levue  and  Hastings,  Neb.  At  the  present  time  he 
is  preaching  to  the  Glenville  Baptist  church.  Mr. 
Rockwood  has  labored  for  years  under  great  disad- 
vantage, on  account  of  falling  health. 

Roe,  Charles  Hill,  D.D.,  who  died  at  Belvidere, 
111.,  June  20,  1872,  was  a  native  of  King's  County, 
Ireland,  where  he  was  born  Jan.  6,  1800.  He  was 
the  son  of  a  clergyman  of  the  Established  Church, 
and  was  educated  by  his  father  in  English  and 
classical  studies,  with  a  view  to  a  course  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  and  to  orders  in  the  English 
Church.  When  he  was  fourteen  years  of  (ige  his 
father  died,  and  the  plan  of  study  tluis  made  for 
him  was  interrupted.  Through  the  instrumental- 
ity of  an  Irish  Baptist  minister  he  was  converted, 
and  became  a  Baptist.  In  1822  he  entered  llorton 
College,  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  Englaml,  then  under 
the  presidency  of  Dr.  Steadman.  Having  com- 
pleted his  course  there,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Middleton,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Steadman 
having  become  his  wife.  With  the  work  of  this 
pastorate  he  associated  extensive  preaching  tours 
in  the  surrounding  country.  This  service  brought 
him  so  much  in  contact  with  the  destitution  of 
right  religious  teaching  as  to  interest  him  greatly 
in  the  aims  and  measures  of  the  English  Baptist 
Home  Mission  .Society.  In  1834  he  became  secre- 
tary of  that  organization,  and  remained  in  that 
office  until  1842,  when  he  became  pastor  of  an  im- 
portant church  in  Birmingham.  Here,  as  in  former 
spheres  of  service,  his  labors  were  richly  blessed. 
He  was  a  co-laborer  in  Birmingham  with  the  well- 
known  John  Angell  James,  who,  in  his  book  enti- 
tled '•Nonconformity  in  Birmingh.am,"  speaks  of 
the  700  new  members  added  to  the  church  under 
Mr.  Roe's  ministry,  of  the  1200  children  in  the 
Sund.ay-school,  and  of  the  various  organizations  of 
Christian  labor  which  had  been  formed  under  his 
guidance. 


In  1851,  Mr.  Roe  came  to  this  country,  and, 
after  a  brief  stay  in  New  York  and  Milwaukee, 
settled  in  Belvidere,  111.,  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  there.  Here,  again,  his  work  was  fruitful, 
and  the  church  grew  not  only  in  numbers  but  in 
spirituality.  During  the  war  he  was  for  a  portion 
of  the  time  chaplain  of  a  regiment.  He  also,  later, 
visited  England  in  beh.alf  of  the  educational  work 
among  the  freedmen.  Upon  his  return  to  this 
country  he  served  two  years  as  pastor  at  Wau- 
kesha, Wis.,  succeeding  Dr.  Robert  Boyd.  Two 
years  subsequently  were  spent  in  the  service  of 
the  University  of  Chicago,  of  which  he  was  one  of 
the  founders,  and  with  this  his  public  life  ended,  the 
final  close  coming  soon  after.  The  funeral  at  Bel- 
videre was  very  largely  attended,  the  sermon  l>eing 
by  Dr.  J.  C,  Burroughs,  who  was  followed  in  an 
address  by  Gen.  S.  A.  Ilulburt,  Gen.  A,  C.  Fuller, 
and  other  eminent  citizens  of  Illinois. 

Dr.  Roe,  while  beloved  for  his  Christian  virtues, 
and  as  a  spiritual,  eloquent  preacher,  was  honored 
by  all  classes  of  men  for  his  sterling  nianliooil.  In 
both  England  and  the  United  States  he  stood  among 
the  stalwart  men,  and  achieved  a  work  whose  fruits, 
in  the  long  succession  of  seed-sowing  and  harvest, 
must  be  permanent. 

Rogers,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Ireland,  of 
English  parentage,  in  November,  1783.  He  was 
converted  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  joined  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  his  parents  were 
members.  He  was  educated  for  the  ministry  in 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  became  pastor  of  an  In- 
dependent church  near  Belfast  in  1807.  At  his 
first  baptism  his  mind  became  unsettled  on  tiiat 
and  kindred  topics,  and,  after  a  long  investigation, 
he  emliraced  the  views  of  the  Baptists,  and  can- 
didly informed  his  people  that  he  could  not  admin- 
ister the  ordinances  according  to  their  mode.  The 
church  invited  him  to  remain,  and  exchange  with 
other  ministers  when  those  rites  were  to  be  ad- 
ministered. In  1811  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Cook,  and  resigned  his  charge.  Six  weeks  after- 
wards he  baptized  his  wife.  Some  other  members 
of  the  church  also  changed  their  views.  He  in- 
tended to  come  to  the  United  States,  but  the  war 
detained  him  until  1816.  Soon  after  reaching  New- 
York  he  attended  an  Association  in  New  -Jersey, 
whicli  led  to  his  settlement  with  the  church  at  New 
Mills  (now  Pembcrton),  where  for  tliirteen  years  be 
ministered,  greatly  to  the  increase  and  efiiciency  of 
the  church.  In  1829  he  accepted  a  call  from  Scotch 
Plains,  where  he  remained  twelve  years,  during 
which  there  were  two  powerful  revivals.  After  a 
few  years'  pastorate  at  Perth  Amboy  he  removed  to 
Paterson.  where  he  "  fell  asleep,"  Aug.  30,  1849. 

One  who  knew  him  well  has  described  Mr. 
Rogers  as  kind,  courteous,  hospitable,  free-hearted, 
an   excellent  sympathetic   pastor,   an    instructive 


ROGERS 


1009 


ROGERS 


preacher,  an  able  divine.  He  was  a  warm  advo- 
cate and  sii|i|]iirter  of  missionary  movements.  He 
always  maintained  the  dignity  of  a  man.  a  Chris- 
tian, and  a  minister.  His  son,  A.  W.  Rogers, 
M.I).,  still  living  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  is  not  only  a 
useful  and  beloved  physician,  but  is  a  licensed 
preacher,  and  a  liberal  giver  to  the  cause  of  God. 

Rogers,  Rev.  John,  was  for  a  time  rector  of 
Purlcij;!),  in  England,  during  the  Parliamentary 
war,  then  lecturer  in  the  church  of  St.  Thomas 
the  Apostle,  in  London,  and  subsequently  minister 
of  Christ's  church,  Dublin,  a  building  containing 
the  remains  and  monument  of  the  celebrated 
Strongbow,  and  attended,  during  the  ministry  of 
Thomas  Patient  and  John  Rogers,  by  the  ^lile 
of  English  society  in  Ireland.  Mr.  Rogers  was  a 
Baptist.  Ilis  wife,  whom  he  married  in  HJI'J,  was 
the  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Paine,  of  Huntingdon-  I 
shire.  Mr.  Rogers  adopted  the  principles  of  the 
Fifth-Monarchy  men,  and  he  became  very  unfriendly 
to  Cromwell's  government.  He  was  a  pupular 
speaker,  with  many  friends,  and  with  a  dangerous 
candor  in  expressing  his  sentiments.  He  would 
utter  petitions  like  this  in  his  public  prayers:  '"0  j 
Lord!  hasten  the  time  when  all  absolute  power 
shall  be  devolved  into  the  hands  of  Christ;  when 
we  shall  have  no  lord  protector  but  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  the  only  true  protector  and  defender 
of  the  faith  ;"  and  he  would  publish  such  doctrines 
by  the  printing-press.  The  result  was  the  impris-  I 
onment  of  the  bold  Baptist.  It  could  not  be  other- 
wise in  the  case  of  a  man  possessed  of  such  influ- 
ence. Cromwell's  order  to  the  officer  who  arrested 
him  ran:  ''Sir.  I  <lesire  you  to  seize  Maj.-Gen. 
Harrison,  Mr.  Carew,  Portman,  and  such  as  are 
eminent  Fifth-Monarchy  men,  especially  Feake 
ani  Rogers :  do  it  speedily,  and  you  shall  have  a 
warrant  after  yon  have  done.''  The  form  of  this 
order  shows  the  powerful  influence  wielded  by  the  I 
two  Baptist  ministers,  and  it  proves  that  they  had  ] 
inspired  the  great  Protector  with  alarm.  Brook 
says,  "After  Cromwell  had  deserted  these  sec- 
taries, he  took  umbrage  at  the  great  popularity 
and  enterprising  spirit  of  Rogers;  and  was  little 
less  apprehensive  of  Feake,  who  was  also  regarded 
as  a  lender  of  that  party.  "*  Mr.  Rogers  was  the 
author  of  several  works.  Tliese  were  issued  in  a 
tliick  quarto  in  It'i.'iS. 

Rogers,  Rev.  Peter,  son  of  Peter,  a  descendant 
of  John,  tlic  martyr,  was  born  in  New  London, 
Conn.,  in  17')4.  In  the  early  part  of  the  Revolu- 
tion he  served  on  a  privateer,  later  he  entered  the 
army,  and  won  distinction  in  tlie  Washington  Life- 
(iuard.  In  March,  1790,  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Bozrah,  Conn.     His  first 


*  Brook's  Lires  of  the  PiirllHnB,  iii.  327,  328.    Loudon,  1813. 

Evniis  9  Early  English  BapiisU.  ii.  214.    London,  1846. 


wife  was  Miss  Green,  his  second  was  the  daughter 
of  Rev.  Zadoc  Darrow,  of  Waterford.  Conn.  He 
died  in  Illinois  in  1849,  in  the  ninety-sixth  year 
of  his  age.  and  the  sixtieth  of  his  ministry. 

Rogers,  Lieut.  Robert,  was  born  in  Newport, 
R.  1.,  April  19,  1758.  Converted  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen, he  joined  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Provi- 
dence. He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1775,  and  a  member  of  the  corpora- 
tion for  nearly  forty-nine  years.  He  was  connected 
with  the  American  army  as  a  lieutenant,  and  fought 
for  the  liberty  of  his  country  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  On  leaving  his  military  life,  he  de- 
voted himself  to  studies  congenial  with  his  tastes, 
and  conducted  for  many  years,  in  his  native  town, 
a  classical  school  of  a  very  high  character.  He  was 
intimately  connected  with  the  Redwood  Library, 
as  its  secretary,  treasurer,  and  librarian.  He  was 
a  most  devoted  member  of  the  church.  Respected 
and  beloved  in  the  community  in  which  he  had  so 
long  lived,  he  died  Aug.  5.  1<S35. 

Rogers,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Xew|iort, 
R.  I.,  July  22,  1751.  It  is  stated  that  he  was  the 
first,  and  for  several  days  the  only  student  of  Rhode 
Island  College.  He  was  then  but  fourteen  years 
of  age.  He  graduated  in  17(59.  A  comparison  has 
been  drawn  between  Archliisliop  Ussher  and  l>r. 
Rogers  in  their  talents  and  in  their  relations  to  the 
universities  in  which  they  studied.  Ussher,  it  is  as- 
serted, was  the  first  student  of  Trinity  College,  Dul)- 
lin.  lie  says  himself  that  he  was  "  among  the  first." 
The  archbishop  was  one  of  the  most  learned  men 
that  ever  lived  :  and  Dr.  Rogers,  with  no  claim  to  his 
great  learning,  reflected  the  highest  honor  upon  his 
alma  mater.  In  1770  the  Saviour  revealed  his  par- 
doning love  to  hira,  after  which  he  united  with  the 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Newport.  In  M.ty,  1772, 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Philadelphia.  He  sustained  this  new  relatic^n 
for  three  years,  with  great  advantage  to  the 
struggling  church  ;  its  congregations  were  largely 
increased,  and  men  like  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  came  to 
hear  the  eloquent  young  preacher.  When  Pennsyl- 
vania raised  three  battalions  of  foot  for  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  the  Legislature  appointed  Dr. 
Rogers  their  chaplain.  Afterwards  he  was  a 
brigade  chaplain  in  the  Continental  army.  For  five 
years  he  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  Revolutionary 
army  as  an  unwearied  and  honored  chaplain. 

His  relations  with  Washington  were  intimate 
and  cordial.  Dr.  Reuben  A.  GuiM  quotes  the  fol- 
lowing from  an  English  gentleman  who  visited 
Philadelphia  in  1793:  "  After  traveling  through  an 
extremely  pleasant  country  we  arrived  in  Philadel- 
phia and  w^aited  on  Dr.  Rogers.  Dr.  Rogers  is  a 
most  entertaining  and  agreeable  man;  we  were 
with  him  a  great  part  of  the  time  we  remained  in 
the  city,   and  were    introduced    by   him    to   Gen. 


ROSE 


1010 


ROSS 


Washinirton.  The  general  was  not  at  home  when 
we  culled,  hut  while  we  were  talkiiiir  with  his  pri- 
vate secretary  in  the  hall  he  came  in,  and  spoke 
to  Dr.  Kogors  with  the  greatest  ease  and  familiarity. 
He  immediately  asked  us  up  to  the  drawing-room, 
where  were  Lady  Washington  and  his  two  nieces." 

Dr.  Rogers  was  for  many  years  Professor  of 
Oratory  and  Belles-Lettres  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  a  positiun  which  was  never  more 
worthily  filled  by  any  of  his  honored  successors. 
His  popularity  in  Philadelphia  and  throughout  the 
country  was  remarkable,  and  it  was  limited  to  men 
of  no  special  opinions,  religious  or  political. 

He  belonged  to  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  fre- 
quently addressed  his  brethren  on  public  occasions. 
He  was  in  the  (5eneral  Assembly  of  his  adopted 
State  during  the  sessions  of  1816  and  1817.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  various  societies  in  Philadel- 
phia which  existed  to  promote  knowledge,  relieve 
misery,  and  spread  gospel  light. 

A  gentleman  of  refinement,  with  learned  attain- 
ments, a  large  heart,  and  an  unswerving  faith  in 
the  blessed  Redeemer,  Dr.  Rogers  necessarily  lived 
in  the  affections  of  all  that  knew  him.  And  when 
he  passed  away.  April  7,  1824,  it  was  universally 
felt  that  our  country  had  lost  one  of  its  best  citi- 
zens, and  our  denomination  one  of  its  brightest 
ornaments. 

Rose,  Rev.  A.  T.,  was  a  graduate  of  the  Ham- 
ilton Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and 
was  appointed  a  missionary  to  Burmah  in  October, 
18.")1.  He  sailed  for  the  place  of  his  destination 
J;in.  17,  1853,  arriving  in  Akyab  the  following 
May.  Before  him  was  every  prospect  of  a  health- 
ful and  agreeable  residence,  but  a  sad  cloud  was 
thrown  over  these  prospects  by  the  sudden  death 
of  Mrs.  Rose,  who  was  attacked  with  the  cholera, 
.and  died  after  a  short  illness.  In  accordance 
with  his  own  request,  Mr.  Rose's  connection  with 
the  Union  in  18.54  w.as  dissolved,  and  he  was  a 
government  school-teacher  until  1861.  He  was 
re-appointed  in  October  of  this  year,  and  com- 
menced his  labors  in  the  Burmese  department  of  the 
Rangoon  Mission.  He  engaged  in  the  usual  rou- 
tine of  missionary  labor,  and,  judging  from  the  re- 
ports we  have,  he  was  successful,  by  the  living  voice 
and  the  printed  page,  in  reaching  a  large  number 
of  persons.  The  report  of  1867  speaks  encour- 
agingly of  his  excursions  in  various  directions 
from  Rangoon.  In  some  of  these  trips  he  was  ab- 
sent six  or  eight  weeks.  A  visit  of  this  kind  to 
Thongzai  is  spoken  of  as  one  of  great  interest. 
Such  labors  Mr.  Rose  speaks  of  as  "  the  cream  of 
missionary  work,  both  as  to  usefulness  and  enjoy- 
ment.'' While  on  one  of  these  tours  to  the  north 
in  1868,  he  contracted  a  fever,  which  so  enfeebled 
liim  that  he  was  obliged  to  return  to  this  country, 
where   he    reniained    for  several    years.      A   part 


of  this  time  he  was  the  pastor  of  the  Jefferson 
Street  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.  Having  been 
re-appointed  by  the  Union,  he  returned  to  Liurmali 
in  1874,  and  resumed  the  work  of  former  years. 
During  1875  he  was  absent  nearly  six  months  on  a 
missionary  tour  to  Northern  Burmah.  The  report.^ 
of  what  has  been  accomplished  the  last  two  vears 
are  full  of  interest  and  hope.  Mr.  Rose  is  one  of 
the  busiest  and  most  active  of  the  missionaries  of 
the  Union. 

Rose,  Rev.  Frank  Bramwell,  was  born  in 
Tuckerton,  N.  J.,  April  5.  IS.iG.  At  the  age  of  six 
he  removed  to  Phil.adelphia,  receiving  a  public- 
school  education,  finishing  at  the  High-School  in 
1852.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twelve,  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Churcli.  He  resigned  a 
responsible  position  in  a  bank  in  1859  to  enter  the 
ministry  of  the  Methodist  Church  ;  was  ordained 
thereto  by  Bishop  Levi  Scott,  and  appointed  first 
to  Freehold  and  subsequently  to  .St.  James'  church. 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  In  September,  1S62.  he 
was  appointed  by  Gov.  Olden,  of  New  Jersev. 
chaplain  of  the  14th  Regiment  N.  J.  Vols.,  serving 
as  such  for  three  years,  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Locust  Grove,  Wil- 
derness, Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor.  Monocacy. 
Winchester.  Fisher's  Hill,  Cedar  Creek,  etc.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  announced  his  clear  convic- 
tion of  the  more  Scriptural  faith  and  practice  of 
the  Baptists,  and  received  baptism  on  profession  of 
faith,  in  the  winter  of  1865,  at  the  hands  of  Rev. 
William  S.  Hall,  in  the  Enon  church  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  same  year  he  was  duly  ordained  to 
the  ministry  by  direction  of  a  council  of  which  D. 
Henry  Miller,  D.D.,  was  moderator,  and  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Camden,  N.  J.,  serving  it  four  years.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  chaplain  in 
the  U.  S.  navy,  and  has  since  served  in  the  South 
Atlantic  and  Pacific,  upon  the  flag-ships  "  Lanca.s- 
ter''  and  "  Pensacola,"  and  upon  the  "  Potomac'' 
and  "  Constitution."  Whilst  unassigned  to  active 
naval  duty,  in  1879-80.  he  served  the  Second  church 
of  Camden  as  pastor  for  eighteen  months.  Now 
(1880)  he  is  on  board  U.  S.  training-ship  "  Constitu- 
tion,'' the  "Old  Iioiisides"  of  the  war  of  1812.  Mr. 
Rose  is  a  cultured  and  talented  minister,  who  en- 
joys the  confidence  and  affection  of  his  Baptist 
brethren. 

Ross,  Rev.  Michael,  was  born  in  England.  In 
youtli  he  was  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  ritual 
and  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  England.  Coining 
to  America  in  early  manhood,  he  was  converted  : 
entered  the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  Church  ;  served 
important  churches  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi 
many  years  with  signal  ability  and  success.  Re- 
moving to  Texas,  he  faithfully  served  the  Texas 
Baptist  State  Convention  as  general   agent.     He 


ROTHMAN 


1011 


ROTH  WELL 


was  pastor  of  the  Independence  cluirch  from  1S58 
to  1864,  serving  the  church  accoptiihly,  provinj; 
himself  to  be  a  worltman  that  necdeth  not  to  he 
aslmmed.  Few  men  liad  a  more  thoroiij^h  knowl- 
ed;re  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  or  could  quote  them 
more  accurately.  He  died  at  Independence.  Texas, 
ill  December,  l>>fi.7,  in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  his  a^o. 

Rothman,  Bernard. — Sec  article  Anabai'tists. 

Rothwell,  Andrew,  »as  born  in  Ridley  town- 
ship, Delaware  Co.,  Pa..  Nov.  11.  Isol.    His  father 


ANDREtt'    RoTinVELr.. 

wi»s  a  native  of  Cecil  Co..  Md.,  whence  he  re- 
moved in  his  youtli  to  Tinicum  Island,  Pa.  Mr. 
Rothwell's  niotlier  died  while  still  young,  leaving 
eight  small  and  helpless  children,  who  were  jilaced 
for  care  and  protection  in  several  families  of  their 
friends.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  resided  with 
Dr.  Ilenry  Paschall,  of  Kingsessing,  where  most 
of  his  time  was  occupied  with  farming,  spending 
only  three  months  in  the  year  .it  school.  In  his 
seventeenth  year  he  entered  the  printing-office  of 
Wm.  Frcy,  Philadelphia,  reinainiiig  tive  years  and 
acquiring  an  unusually  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
business.  When  nine  years  of  age  he  became 
deeply  impressed  with  religious  convictions,  and, 
while  engaged  in  his  business  in  Philadelphia,  he 
was  converted  and  baptized  by  Dr.  Staughton.  be- 
coming a  member  of  the  Sansoin  Street  church  in 
that  city.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  removed 
to  Washington,  and  was  employed  in  the  office  of 
Gales  A  Seaton.  printers  to  Congress,  and  publish- 
ers of  the  Kalional  Infelliijeiicer.  In  lJ<i'^,  associ- 
ated with  T.  W.  Cstick,  he  commenced  in  Washing- 


ton the  publication  of  a  newspaper.  The  Wa.thington 
City  ('liriiiurh,  which  was  discontinued  after  a  few 
years.  In  1831,  Mr.  Rothwell  entered  the  service 
of  the  city  government  a.s  receiver  of  taxes,  which 
position  he  retained  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Sub- 
sequently he  occupied,  for  a  number  of  years  a 
position  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  Department.  On  his 
removal  to  AV'ashington  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Second  Raptist  church  (Navy-Yard),  with  which 
he  was  connected  for  a  long  time.  In  18-12,  asso- 
ciated with  a  few  others,  he  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  formation  of  the  E  Street  Baptist  church,  where 
his  membership  stilf  is.  having,  during  the  entire 
period,  filled  important  offices,  including  that  of 
deacon.  He  has  done  much  for  this  church,  both 
by  his  labors  and  his  liberal  contributions.  Since 
the  year  183.5  he  has  been  continuously  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Columbian  College, 
portions  of  the  time  occupying  the  offices  of  secre- 
tary and  of  treasurer.  He  has  always  manifested 
a  deep  interest  in  the  college,  and  has  genemusly 
contributed  to  its  funds.  He  is  also  an  active  pro- 
moter of  various  benevolent  institutions,  and  has 
been  for  more  than  thirty  years  a  zealous  member 
of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Washington  Bible 
.Society.  In  183.1  ho  prepared  a  valuable  compila- 
tion of  the  laws  relating  to  the  city  of  Washington 
and  the  District  of  Columbia  :  and  in  18tJ7  he  pre- 
pareil  ami  published  a  valuable  pamphlet,  '"History 
of  the  Baptist  Institutions  of  the  District  of  Col- 
umbia."' 

Sothwell,  W.  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Garrard 
Co.,  Ky..  .Sept.  '1.  X^'.W.  He  was  the  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  .John  Rothwell.  nf  Callaway  Co..  Mo.  His 
mother  was  China  Renfro.  Both  of  his  parents 
were  of  Virginian  birth  and  British  descent.  His 
father's  family  removed  to  Missouri  after  his  birth 
in  1831.  He  graduated  in  18.i4  at  the  University 
of  Mis.souri  with  the  first  honors  in  a  class  of  ten 
members.  In  1874  his  alma  mater,  in  honorable 
recognition  of  his  distinction  as  a  man  of  letters, 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D. 

Every  moment  of  Dr.  RothwelTs  time  since  his 
graduation  has  been  one  of  intellectual  activity 
and  usefulness.  From  18.54  to  18.')ti  he  was  princi- 
pal of  Elm  Ridge  Academy.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Baptist  Female  College  at  Colum- 
bia, Mo.  (now  known  as  Stephens  College),  and 
after  one.  year  of  service  there  he  w.as  elected  to 
succeed  the  Rev.  Wm.  Thompson.  LL.D..  as  presi- 
dent of  Mount  Pleasant  College.  In  I860  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel,  and  was 
successively  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churches  at 
Iluntsville  and  Keytesville,  Mo.  During  the  years 
1871  and  1872  he  was  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Missouri,  in 
which  position  he  acijuitted  himself  with  marke<l 
ability.      His    letters   and   communications  while 


Roussr 


1012 


HOWLAND 


corresponding  secretary  are  noted  as  bein';  among 
tlie  lUDst  graceful  and  forcible  that  have  advocated 
the  interests  of  that  body.  In  1872,  Dr.  Rothwell 
was  unanimously  elected  Professor  of  Theology 
and  Moral  Philosophy  in  William  Jewell  College, 
a  place  which  he  still  fills  with  great  distinction. 

In  his  eight  years'  professorship  of  Theology  he 
has  instructed  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time  150 
young  ministers  of  Missouri  and  the  West.  Since 
1874  he  has  been  chairman  of  tlie  faculty. 

Dr.  Rothwell  is  in  the  prime  of  life  and  mental 
vigor.  He  is  one  of  the  most  modest  and  unas- 
suming of  men,  but  his  very  high  sense  of  duty 
always  impels  him  to  the  front  whenever  principle 
or  honor  calls.  lie  is  a  "scholar  and  a  ripe  one," 
of  elegant  culture,  and  a  man  of  liberal,  expansive 
views.  Probably  mi  man  in  the  State  stands  higher 
in  the  love  and  confidence  of  his  denomination. 

Roussy,  Rev.  Louis,  was  born  in  the  canton 
de  Vaud,  Switzerland,  and  died  in  1880  at  Grande 
Ligne,  province  of  Quebec,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year 
of  his  age.  Converted  when  very  young,  Mr. 
Koussy  early  in  life  felt  his  heart  drawn  out 
towards  the  cause  of  missions.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen he  commenced  the  work  of  colportage  in 
France,  which  he  carried  on  for  two  years.  But 
when  a  missionary  seminary  was  opened  at  Lau- 
sanne in  his  native  land,  the  object  of  which  was 
to  prepare  young  men  for  the  foreign  field,  he  dis- 
continued his  work  in  France,  and  was  one  of  the 
first  to  enter  the  seminary.  In  1835,  Mr.  Roussy 
accompanied  Madame  Feller  to  Canada,  arriving 
ill  Montreal  on  the  31st  of  October,  1835.  After  a 
h'w  months  sjient  in  the  work  of  French  Canadian 
evangelization  in  iSIontreal  and  St.  John,  province 
of  Quebec  (where,  especially  in  St.  John,  he  met 
with  violent  opposition),  he  went  to  Grande  Ligne. 
On  the  30th  of  June,  1837,  he  baptized  four  con- 
verts, who,  with  himself  and  Madame  Feller,  were 
organized  into  the  first  French  Protestant  church 
ever  founded  in  Canada.  (Fur  fuller  information 
respecting  the  mission  which  Mr.  Roussy  assisted 
in  establishing,  and  in  connection  with  which  he 
labored  forty-five  years,  see  article  Grand  Ligne 
EvANOEi.ic.\i.  Society.)  Courageous  and  courteous, 
patient  and  loving,  full  of  faith,  and  ever  zealous 
for  his  Master's  glory,  Mr.  Roussy  was  a  most  effi- 
cient and  devoted  missionary  of  the  Cross. 

Rowan,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  the  youngest  of  nine 
children,  was  born  in  Copiah  Co.,  Miss.,  Dec.  9, 
1854.  He  was  always  considered  a  pious  and 
model  boy,  but  was  not  converted  until  sixteen 
years  of  age.  Having  the  ministry  in  view,  he 
became  a  student  of  Centenary  College,  Jackson, 
La.,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  C.  G.  Andrews,  a  dis- 
tinguished Methodist  divine.  By  his  brilliant  in- 
tellect and  studious  habits  he  soon  won  the  esteem 
and  (confidence  of  all  the  professors,  especially  the 


president,  who  invited  him  to  his  home  and  into 
his  family,  treating  him  more  like  a  son  or  com- 
paniiin  than  as  a  pupil.  Possessing  as  he  does  an 
ardent  love  for  God's  Word,  regarding  its  teachings 
as  above  the  opinions  of  men,  and  knowing  that 
the  Master  whom  he  had  professed  to  love  pre- 
ferred obedience  to  sacrifice,  he  bcgiin  to  pass 
through  the  bitterest  and  yet  sweetest  experience 
of  his  life  when  he  undertook  a  prayerful  investi- 
gation of  the  subjects  of  baptism  and  communion. 
Here  he  had  to  pass  through  deep  waters,  which 
caused  an  illness  so  severe  that  it  took  months  to 
recover.  Deliberate  in  reaching  his  conclusion, 
he  asserted  his  indisputable  right  in  maintaining 
it;  and  in  bis  eighteenth  year,  while  a  stuilrnt 
of  Centenary  College,  be  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Jackson,  La.,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev. 

5.  A.  Ilayden.  By  the  same  church  he  was  or- 
dained. Revs.  S.  A.  Ilayden  and  George  Ilayden 
constituting  the  Presbytery.  After  changing  his 
faith  he  entered  Mississippi  College.  His  dee)i- 
toned  piety,  brilliancy,  cloi|Ucnee,  and  modesty,  as 
well  as  manliness,  secured  for  him  the  admiration 
of  the  whole  school  and  community.  He  was 
elected  orator  for  his  literary  society  several  times, 
and  was  considered  its  brightest  star.  He  com- 
pleted the  A.B.  course  at  Mississippi  College  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one. 

Elder  Rowan  spent  tliree  years  and  a  half  in  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  com- 
pleting the  full  course,  except  a  small  portion  of 
the  Hebrew  and  Latin. 

Ilis  sermons  are  noteil  for  brevity  (scarcely  ever 
exceeding  thirty  minutes),  unity,  simplicity, — 
within  the  grasp  of  a  child,- — accuracy,  and  much 
thought  for  a  young  man. 

He  succeeded  Dr.  Landrum  as  the  pastor  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  where 
his  labors  are  much  blessed,  and  a  hopeful  future 
is  opening  to  his  view. 

Rowden,  Philip,  M.D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Eng- 
land in  1828.  In  early  lile  he  came  to  New  York. 
He  was  converted,  and  joined  the  church  in  New- 
ark, N.  J.  He  was  pastor  in  Newark,  in  Bronson, 
Mich.,  and  in  Chili,  Ind.  The  churches  enjoyc<l 
m.any  genuine  revivals  during  his  [lastorates.  He 
was  a  man  of  studious  habits  and  deep  research. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  vice-president  of 
the  American  Anthropological  Association.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Rochester,  Ind.,  April  4,  1875. 

Rowland,  A.  Judson,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Val- 
ley Forge,  Pa.,  Feb.  9,  1840;  was  baptized  at  Law- 
renceville.    Pa.,   by   Ilev.  W.   II.    II.   Jlarsh,  Jan. 

6,  1858;  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg  in  1859,  and  graduated  with 
first  honors  in  1862 ;  was  ordained  at  Lawrence- 
ville,  October,  1862;  was  chaplain  of  the  175th 
Regiment  Pa.  Vols,  from  September,  1862,  to  July, 


ROWLAND 


1013 


ROY  ALL 


ISG.'J;  entered  Rocliester  Tliecilofjieal  Seminary  in 
tlie  fall  of  1SG3,  and  completed  the  lull  course  of 
stndy  in  1860.  In  July,  IHtiti,  became  pastor  of 
Mount  Auburn  church,  Cincinnati,  0.,  which  ]io- 


A.  Jl'DSON     ROHI.ANT),    D.O. 

sition  he  resigned  in  1808  to  assume  the  presidency 
of  the  Mount  Auburn  Institute, — a  school  of  high 
grade  for  young  women.  In  1S70  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  First  church,  Pittsburgh,  I'a.  In  1S72 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Tenth  church,  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  still  remains.  He  has  for  years 
been  a  regular  correspondent  for  several  denomi- 
national journals,  and  has  published  a  number  of 
sermons  and  reviews.  In  ISV'.I  he  preachi'il  the 
doctrinal  sermon  before  the  PliiUidelphia  Baptist 
Association.  He  is  a  member  of  various  educa- 
tional and  missionary  boards,  and  is  prominently 
and  actively  engaged  in  the  general  work  of  the 
denomination.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  in 
ISSO  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Dr.  Rowland  is  a  man  of  supericn-  mind,  pleasing 
manners,  studious  habits,  extensive  learning,  and 
exemplary  piety.  As  pastor  of  a  large  and  influ- 
ential church,  be  magnifies  his  office,  and  is  very 
highly  esteemed  in  love  for  his  work's  sake.  His 
sermons  are  rich  in  original  thought  and  Bible 
knowledge,  clear  in  expression,  anil  impres.-ivo  in 
delivery.  His  writings  show  enlarged  acquaint- 
ance with  books  and  men.  He  has  gathered  a  large 
library  of  choice  and  standard  works,  which  he 
utilizes  with  rare  ability.  He  is  the  first  and  the 
successful  editor  of  Our  Yoniii/  I'eoplc,  a  very  able 
monthly  journal  for  the  older  scholars  in  our  Sun- 


day-schools. This  paper  deserves  the  great  circu- 
lation it  has  already  secured,  and  under  its  gifted 
editor  it  will  be  a  still  greater  power  among  the 
young. 

Rowley,  Rev.  Moses. — This  pioneer  mission- 
ary, now  residing  at  Mazomanie,  AVis.,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-four  years,  is  a  native  of 
Swanton,  Vt.  He  was  born  again  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church  in  (iouv- 
erneur,  N.  Y.,  in  1817;  commenced  preaching  in 
1830,  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  was  ordained  at  Kvans, 
N.  Y.,  in  1833.  He  has  been  in  the  active  work 
of  the  ministry  fifty-one  years.  He  was  pastor  of 
twenty  churches,  none  of  which  was  able  to  sup- 
port him  when  .settled.  As  soon  as  the  church  he 
served  was  able  to  give  him  a  competent  support 
he  resigned  his  pastorate,  after  having  provided  an 
acceptable  successor.  With  his  call  to  the  minis- 
try lie  had  clearly  indicated  to  him  that  his  work 
was  to  [ireaeh  the  gospel  to  the  feeble  churches  and 
to  collect  the  scattered  members  of  Christ's  tloek 
on  the  frontiers.  "'Christ  sent  me,"  he  writes. 
'■  not  to  baptize,  but  to  preach  the  gospel  to  his 
poor."  And  of  these,  multitudes  have  heard  the 
pure  gos]iel  of  Christ  from  his  lips.  He  gave 
thirty-two  years  of  bis  life  to  strictly  itinerant  and 
missionary  labor.  Of  these,  thirteen  years  he  was 
in  the  iservice  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Convention 
and  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 
He  organized  seventeen  churches,  nearly  all  on 
the  frontier,  and  baptized  about  400  persons.  He 
has  been  a  resident  of  Wisconsin  thirty-two  years. 
In  187t),  when  nearly  eighty  years  of  age.  he  went 
to  Nebraska  to  engage  again  in  the  work  to  which 
he  had  given  the  best  part  of  his  life, — to  preach 
the  gospel  to  Christ's  poor  and  gather  the  scattered 
believers  into  churches.  Thus  for  four  years  longer 
he  engaged  in  his  loved  work, — organizing  churches 
in  Hamilton  and  York  Counties,  and  providing  for 
them  houses  of  worship.  The  Lord  has  granted 
this  minister  of  the  gospel  a  long  and  very  useful 
life,  and  he  is  now  waiting  to  hear  the  Master  call, 
"Give  an  account  of  thy  stewardship." 

Royal,  Rev.  Young  R.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
.\rkansas,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1812. 
He  professed  religion  in  1838,  and  in  1840  was  li- 
censed to  preach.  In  1842  he  removed  to  what  is 
now  Drew  Co.,  Ark.,  and  was  ordained  in  Missis- 
sippi the  following  year.  In  1848  he  was  one  of  a 
Convention  that  organized  the  Bartholomew  Bap- 
tist Association,  (d'  which  he  was  chosen  modera- 
tor, a  position  he  continued  to  hold  until  his  death. 
He  labored  very  assiduously  in  the  gospel,  and 
many  churches  were  gathered  through  his  instru- 
mentality, lie  also  filled  one  term  of  clerk  of  the 
District  Court  of  Drew  County.     He  died  in  1867. 

Royall,  'Wm.,  D.D.,  was  bom  July  30,  1823, 
in  Edgefield  District,  S.  C.     From  six  to  thirteen 


ROY  ALL 


1014 


RUGGLES 


resided  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  For  two  years  was  a 
pupil  of  Furman  Institution,  FairKeld  District, 
S.  C,  then  under  charge  of  his  uncle.  Prof.  W.  E. 
Bailey.     Entered  South  Carolina  Collejie,  Colum- 


WM.   ROVALL,   D.D. 

Ijia,  Sophomore  class,  when  fifteen  3'ears  old,  and 
jiraduated  in  1841  in  a  class  of  sixty.  He  enjoyed 
the  rare  advantages  of  instruction,  under  Dr.  James 
H.  Thornwell,  in  logic  and  metaphysics;  Dr.  Wm. 
Hooper,  in  languages  :  Bishop  Stephen  Elliott,  in 
evidences  of  Christianity  ;  and  Dr.  Francis  Lieher, 
in  political  economy ;  to  the  instructions  of  the 
last  named  he  has  ever  felt  most  deeply  indebted. 
After  graduating,  taught  as  an  assistant  in  a  high 
school  in  Charleston,  and  studied  law  two  years 
under  Hon.  Henry  Bailey,  attorney-general  of 
South  Carolina.  Trained  by  a  grandfather,  an 
elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Clnirrh,  and  taught  by 
Rev.  Charles  Lanneau,  in  a  Suinl.iy-school  class 
out  of  which  came  six  preachers.  He  does  not  re- 
member the  time  when  he  was  not  the  subject  of 
religious  impressions.  In  the  great  revival  of  1835, 
under  the  fervent  preaching  of  Richard  Fuller, 
D.D.,  he  became  a  subject  of  God's  saving  power. 
Always  satisfied  ihat  it  was  his  duty  to  preach,  he 
was  so  impressed'  with  the  idea  of  ministerial  .sanc- 
tity, as  illustrated  by  that  devout  and  eminently 
holy  in<an  of  God,  Basil  Manly,  Sr.,  who  baptized 
him.  that  not  until  he  had  studied  law  two  years 
did  he  fully  determine  to  heed  the  rail  to  preach. 
For  one  year  he  studied  theology  under  Dr.  W. 
T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Curtis,  Sr.  He 
supplied  Dr.  Brantly's  place  each  Sabbath  morn- 


ing while  that  good  man  was  lying  on  a  bed  of 
death,  stricken  with  paralysis ;  was  ordained  in 
Charleston  in  1844;  pn-ached  four  years  to  five 
different  churches  in  Abbeville  and  Edgefield  Dis- 
tricts, S.  C,  two  years  in  Georgia,  and  lour  years 
in  Florida.  In  1855  was  elected  to  a  professorship 
in  Furman  University,  and  continued  to  preach  to 
three  churches  for  five  years.  In  18o9  was  elected 
Professor  of  Languages  in  Wake  Forest  College, 
N.  C.  ;  resigned  his  professorship  in  1872.  In  1872 
founded  Raleigh  Baptist  Female  Seminary,  and, 
when  his  health  failed,  transferred  it  to  his  son-in- 
law.  Prof  F.  P.  Ilobgood,  under  whose  adminis- 
tration it  has  become  a  noted  seat  of  learning. 
During  the  war  served  for  fourteen  months  in  Vir- 
ginia and  North  Carolina  as  chaplain  of  55th  N.  C. 
Regiment.  Has  baptized  over  15U0,  of  these  about 
400  in  connection  with  one  church,  which  he  served 
ten  years,  in  North  Carolina,  named  Flat  Rock, — 
a  mother  of  churches;  baptized  220  whites  and 
blacks  during  one  revival  in  Wayneville  church, 
Ga.,  which  he  served ;  was  pastor  of  twenty 
churches,  for  terms  varying  from  two  to  ten  years; 
has  taught  successfully  in  the  seminaries  of  Bryan 
and  Calvert,  Texas,  and  since  September,  1875,  has 
been  president  of  Baylor  Female  College,  Inde- 
pendence, Texas.  As  a  scholar  and  a  preacher  he 
stands  in  the  first  rank.  Is  now  head  of  a  female 
seminary  at  San  Antonin,  Texas. 

Rucker,  James  Jefferson,  A.M.,  was  ijom  in 
Randolph  Co.,  Mo.,  Jan.  27,  1828.  After  receiving 
an  academic  education,  and  teaching  school  for  a 
while  in  Missouri,  he  entered  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  in  1852,  where  he  graduated  in  1854.  In  1855 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  ]Matheniatics  in  George- 
town College,  and  has  filled  that  jiosition  twenty- 
five  years.  He  has  also  been  principal  of  the 
Georgetown  Female  Academy  since  1869.  He 
united  with  a  Baptist  church  in  his  youth,  and  has 
been  very  active  in  promoting  the  interests  of  his 
denomination,  especially  in  the  dep.irtments  of 
education  and  Sunday-schools. 

Ruggles,  William,  LL.D.— In  the  list  of  co- 
workers always  ranked  with  Baptists,  though  never 
having  made  a  public  profession  of  the  Christian 
faith,  Prof.  Wm.  Ruggles,  LL.D.,  has  a  high  (ihice. 
He  was  born  in  Rochester,  Mass.,  Sept.  5,  1797. 
Of  quiet  and  studious  turn,  he  fitted  for  college 
under  the  parish  minister,  a  graduate  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  179(1,  whose  course  showed  that  Massa- 
chusetts clergymen  of  the  "standing  order"  ap- 
preciated the  Baptist  college,  since  not  only  many 
of  them,  but  many  pupils  educated  by  them  sought 
this  seat  of  non-sectarian  learning.  Entering  Brown 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  young  Ruggles  gradu- 
ated in  1820.  In  1822,  with  his  life-long  friend, 
President  A.  Caswell,  LL.D.,  he  became  tutor 
at  Columbian   College,  Washington.  D.  C,  at  its 


RIGGLKS 


1015 


RUN  Y  OS 


opening.  He  became  Professor  of  Mathematics 
and  Xatiiral  Philosophy  in  1827,  remaining  at  tlie 
college  (luring  the  years  of  suspension,  when  all 
others  left  it  for  more  lucrative  tielJs.  In  ISo'J,  at 
the  accession  of  its  fifth  president,  lie  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  Political  Science.  No  man 
could  have  been  called  to  a  more  important  and  in- 
lluential  post  at  so  critical  a  juncture.  An  unusual 
nuinbor  of  students  from  the  Gulf  States,  as  well  as 
fniin  the  other  Southern  States,  were  thoroughly 
instructed  in  the  principles  and  history  of  the 
American  Constitution.  Absent  during  the  first 
year  of  the  war,  1861-02,  Dr.  Ruggles  returned 
in  1862,  and  retained  his  college  connection,  after 
the  accession  of  the  si-xth  president  in  1871,  as 
Professor  Emeritus,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
Sept.  10,  1877,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty  years. 

During  his  perhaps  unparalleled  life  of  fifty-five 
years  as  teacher  in  the  same  college.  Dr.  Ruggles 
was  universally  esteemed  by  the  trustees,  faculty, 
and  pupils.  He  was  ready  for  any  service.  Three 
times  he  acted  as  president  ad  interim.  Though 
lirm  in  his  opinions,  he  was  deferential  to  his  fel- 
Jow-ofticers,  both  in  his  earlier  and  later  years. 
His  clear  analysis  and  his  wide  experience  during 
two- thirds  of  the  nation's  history  at  the  seat  of 
i;c)vernment,  gave  force  and  eflectiveness  to  his 
later  instructions.  The  appreciation  in  which  he 
was  hehl  by  his  almn  mnlcr  was  imlicatcd  in  1852, 
when  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Brown  University. 

Though  a  constant  attendant  on  religious  ser- 
vices, and  at  times  free  to  converse  on  his  own  re- 
ligious experience,  strong  convictions  as  to  the 
spirituality  of  the  Christian  faith,  and  high  cun- 
ceptions  of  Christian  integrity,  deterred  him  from 
an  open  profession.  His  contributions  to  every 
Christian  charity  were  numerous  and  unostenta- 
tious, his  gifts  to  Baptist  churches  and  missions 
having  the  first  place. 

His  intimate  relations  with  Rev.  Dr.  Binney  and 
his  accomplished  wife  during  his  presidency  of 
Columbian  College,  from  18-55  to  1858,  fixed  his 
special  attention  on  the  Karen  Theological  School, 
of  which,  in  1843,  Dr.  Binney  became  the  founder, 
and  to  which,  after  an  absence  of  five  or  six  years, 
he  returned  in  1858.  Dr.  Ruggles  was  the  virtual 
lounder,  with  Dr.  Binney.  of  the  school,  as  he  gave 
during  his  life  nearly  $15,000  to  the  mission,  and 
left  at  his  death  a  legacy  of  $25,000,— about  one- 
half  his  estate.  He  used  to  say  privately  to  those 
who  siiught  large  donations  to  home  colleges,  that 
"  to  mould  the  young  ministry  of  a  recently  Chris- 
tianized niitinn  was  the  most  comprehensive  work 
possible  for  any  man."' 

During  his  summer  vacation,  spent  at  his  usual 
retreat  on  Schooley's  Mountain,  N.  J.,  after  a  last 
and  lingering  visit  to  the  graves  of  his  vacation  as- 


sociates, Dr.  S.  H.  and  Mrs.  Cone,  Dr.  Ruggles  was 
prostrated  by  general  debility,  and  in  seven  days 
he  was  laid  beside  them.  Two  views  from  the 
Mountain  House  always  charme<l  him, — the  "val- 
ley" and  the  •'  sunset"  views.  His  first  words  to 
his  old  associate  and  executor,  who  visited  him  on 
his  death-bed,  were,  "  I  have  come  to  look  within 
the  last  few  weeks  on  the  future  world,  as  com- 
pared with  this,  in  a  very  difl'erent  light  from  what 
I  ever  did  before.'"  His  pilgrimage  of  fourscore 
years  made  the  ''valley"  view  to  him  a  long  one, 
but  the  closing,  the  "  sunset""  view,  was  to  have  no 
end. 

Runyon,  Judge  Peter  P.,  was  born  at  Long 
Hill,  N.  J.,  May  ly,  17S7.     He  used  to  speak  with 


JUDGE    TETER    r.  RINVON. 

much  affection  of  his  (jnnd  motlior.  After  his  mar- 
riage and  a  brief  period  of  school-teaching  in  Plain- 
field  he  removed  to  New  Brunswick,  where  he  spent 
the  vigor  of  manhood  and  the  evening  of  his  life. 
His  character  and  abilities  could  not  be  hidden,  and 
his  fellow-citizens  honored  him,  while  he  honored 
the  offices  he  held.  As  alderman  and  recorder 
of  the  city,  justice,  freeholder,  and  for  thirteen 
years  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Plesis,  he 
sustained  a  high  reputation  for  fidelity,  sound  dis- 
cretion, legal  wisdiim,  and  an  amiability  that  was 
often  brought  into  requisition  as  a  peace-maker. 
He  thought  lie  was  made  a  subject  of  grace  when 
he  was  fifteen  years  old,  after  a  severe  season  of 
conviction  lasting  six  weeks;  but  he  did  not  join 
the  church  until  1811,  when  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Thomas  Brown,  pastor  of  the  church  at  Scotch 


RUSSELL 


1016 


RUTUEllFORD 


Plains.  When  he  removed  to  New  Brunswick  and 
united  with  tlie  church  there,  which  was  weak,  he 
was  constrained  to  use  his  jrifts.  His  financial 
ahilitie-i  were  drawn  upon  during  his  forty-seven 
years  of  nienibersliip.  As  trustee,  church  treasurer, 
Sunday-school  superintendent  for  twenty-two  years, 
he  had  niucli  to  do  with  the  moulding  of  the  church. 
But  his  influence  readied  beyond  his  own  city. 
Sympathizing  most  heartily  with  the  work  of  the 
Hatitist  State  Convention,  he  became  its  treasurer 
in  1830,  and  was  continued  hy  the  sufl'rages  of  his 
brethren  for  tlie  remaining  forty-one  years  of  his 
life.  AVhen  he  died  he  left  the  Convention  a  hand- 
some legacy.  His  liusiness  promptness,  his  liberal 
synipatliy  with  the  missionaries,  his  wise  counsels 
in  tlie  board,  were  very  valuable.  lie  took  an  active 
interest  in  the  great  national  missionary  societies, 
while  he  loved  the  work  about  his  own  home.  lie 
spent  his  eighty-fourth  birthday  attending  the  mis- 
sionary meetings  at  Chicago,  filled  his  place  in  the 
meeting  of  the  board  of  managers,  after  his  return 
attended  an  educational  convention  in  Richmond, 
prepared  liis  report  for  the  State  Convention,  but 
was  not  able  to  attend  its  meeting.  After  a  short 
illness  he  breathed  out  his  life  ;  his  last  words  were, 
'■  The  bliss  of  dying." 

Russell,  Rev.  A.  A.,  was  born  in  Alliany,  N.  Y., 
July  7,  I.S123,  and  baptized  in  1841  in  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  city.  His  atten- 
tion having  been  already  directed  towards  the  work 
of  the  ministry,  he  was  soon  after  his  baptism  sent 
by  the  church  just  named  to  Hamilton.  His  term 
of  study  here  was  brief,  yet  subsequently  he  en- 
joyed good  educational  advantages  under  Profs. 
Walker  and  Canning  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  and 
before  his  conversion  his  school  privileges  had  been 
e.xcellent  at  the  Albany  Academy,  under  Dr.  T. 
Komeyn  Beck.  He  was  ordained  at  Austerlitz, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  19,  1844.  He  has  had  one  pastorate 
in  Massachusetts,  five  in  New  York,  two  in  Minne- 
sota, three  in  Illinois,  and  one  in  Iowa.  In  the 
spring  of  1854,  under  appointment  (;f  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  he  became  the  first  pastor  of  the 
First  church  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  The  church 
then  had  11  members.  At  the  end  of  three  years 
he  left  them  with  100,  with  Amory  Oale  for  his 
successor.  Ills  pastorates  have  all  been  successful, 
marked  to  an  unusual  degree  with  revival  influ- 
ence. Fifty  such  revival  seasons  he  has  been  per- 
mitted to  enjoy,  either  in  his  own  pastoral  labors 
or  when  assisting  his  brethren.  "  The  sermons  I 
iiave  ]iroached" — these  are  his  own  words — "with 
most  satisfiictiim  to  the  people  and  to  myself  are 
those  which  have  presented  Christ  as  "all  and  in 
air  to  Christians,  and  the  all-sufficient  Saviour  for 
all  sinners." 

Rust,  Jacob  Ward,  an  active  and  efficient  edu- 
cator, was  born  in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  14,  1819. 


His  early  opportunities  were  limited,  Viut  by  dili- 
gent and  constant  application  he  has  become  a 
scholar  of  considerable  reputation.  Teaching  has 
been  his  ))rofessi(in  from  his  youtli,  and  he  has 
been  principal  of  Mount  Carmel  Academy,  Spring- 
field Academy,  Clarksville  Female  Academy,  and 
Lafayette  Female  Institute.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  president  of  Bethel  College.  This  institu- 
tion had  lieen  prostrated  during  the  war,  but  Mr. 
Rust  speedily  brought  it  up  to  as  liigh  a  degree  of 
prosperity  as  it  had  ever  attained.  In  1808  he  re- 
signed on  account  of  impaired  health.  After  a 
brief  rest  he,  with  Prof.  Dudley,  became  joint 
editors  and  proprietors  of  the  Western  Recorder. 
In  1871,  liaving  sold  his  interest  in  tlie  paper,  lie 
became  financial  agent  for  the  Orphans'  Home  in 
Louisville.  The  next  year  he  was  elected  princi- 
pal of  Bethel  Female  College.  He  is  a  consistent 
Baptist,  a  man  of  great  enei-gy,  and  rarely  fails  in 
any  enti'rprise  in  which  he  engages. 

Rutherford,  Rev.  A.  J.,  a  pioneer  minister  of 
ability  in  Northwestern  Louisiana,  was  born  in 
Vermont  in  1815;  taught  in  Alabama  from  lSij7 
to  1843;  practised  law  in  Arkansas,  and  became 
probate  judge  ;  ordained  in  1846,  removed  to  Lou- 
isiana in  1851,  and  settled  in  Caddo  Parish,  and 
founded  many  strong  churches;  was  for  years 
moderator  of  tirand  Cane  Association;  died  in 
1803. 

Rutherford,  Prof.  Williams,  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  (Jeorgia,  a  most  worthy  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Athens,  Clarke  Co.,  is  the  son 
of  Williams  Rutherford  and  Eliza  Boykin,  and 
was  born  near  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  Sept.  3,  1818. 
Until  sent  to  Franklin  College,  as  the  State  Uni- 
versity was  then  called,  he  was  educated  by  Rev. 
C.  P.  Beman,  a  famous  teacher  at  Midway,  near 
Milledgeville.  He  graduated  in  I83H,  and,  after 
devoting  some  years  to  farming  and  railroad  busi- 
ness, opened  a  preparatory  school  in  Athens,  Ga. 
In  January,  1850,  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Mathematics  by  the  trustees  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, which  position  he  still  holds. 

lie  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Milledgeville 
in  1830,  in  his  eighteenth  year,  when  C.  D.  Mal- 
lary  was  pastor,  and  just  after  a  sermon  preached 
by  Adiel  Sherwood,  relating  a  very  satisfactory 
experience ;  and  from  that  time  forward  his  life 
has  been  as  the  sun  that  shineth  more  and  more 
unto  the  perfect  day.  He  began  at  once  to  labor 
in  the  Sabbath-school  as  a  superintendent,  and 
nearly  every  year  since  has  continued  to  occupy 
the  same  post  of  honor  and  usefulness. 

In  the  year  1856.  Gov.  Lumpkin,  then  a  deacon 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Athens,  of  which  Prof. 
Rutherford  was  also  a  member,  asked  to  be  dis- 
charged from  the  duties  of  his  office,  on  account 
of  age  and  infirmities,  and  moved  that  Williams 


RUTLAND 


1017 


RYLAND 


Uutlierford  be  appointed  to  the  deaconate  in  his 
place.  Tlie  chin-ch  consented  unanimously,  ami 
Prof.  Rutherford  still  retains  the  office,  which  he 
has  filled  most  usefully  and  efficiently.  For  many 
years  he  has  thus,  as  clerk  and  deacon  of  the 
Athens  church,  been  a  "  livini;  epistle,"  known 
and  read  of  all  men,  highly  respected  and  esteemed 
by  the  community  at  large.  For  twenty-four  years 
he  has  held  an  important  position  in  ilie  faculty  of 
the  State  University,  and  lius  always  eyorted  a 
marked  influence  in  the  religious  gatherings  of 
the  denominations  which  he  has  attended. 

lie  was  married  to  Miss  Laura  Coblj,  sister  of 
Gov.  Howell  Cobb,  in  1841,  a  lady  of  remarkable 
mental  powers  and  great  moral  excellence.  Noted 
for  his  piety.  Prof.  Rutherford  is  a  man  of  great 
humility,  and  the  length  of  time  he  has  retained 
his  professorship  argues  the  excellence  of  his 
scholarship. 

Rutland,  Judge  W.  R„  an  active  Baptist  and 
prominent  lawyer  at  Farmerville,  La.,  was  born  in 
1836.  He  took  an  irregular  course  in  Mount  Leba- 
non University,  La.,  which  was  interru))ted  by  the 
civil  war,  in  which  he  took  an  active  part,  being  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Confederate  army.  After  the  war 
he  studied  law,  and  has  since  distinguished  himself 
at  the  bar  and  on  the  bench.  Judge  Rutland  is  at 
present  doing  a  good  work  for  the  denomination  by 
writing  "  Pen  Sketches"  of  useful  ministers. 

Kyals,  J.  G.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  the  southern 
part  of  Georgia,  April  3,  1824.  His  parents  came 
from  Xorth  Carolina.  Mr.  Ilyals  is  a  graduate  of 
Mercer  University,  taking  the  first  honor  in  the 
class  of  1851,  which  was  more  than  usually  bril- 
liant in  the  intellectual  ability  of  its  members. 
After  graduation  he  taught  school  one  year  in  Co- 
lumbus ;  then  he  studied  law  for  one  year  under 
the  celebrated  lawyer,  -Judge  Cone,  of  Greene 
County;  anil  about  I8.J6  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Cass  County.  He  practised  law  successfully, 
and  carried  on  farming  operations  for  some  seven 
or  eight  years  in  the  same  county.  In  1859,  after 
a  long  struggle,  he  became  thoroughly  converted 
to  Jesus,  united  with  the  church,  ami  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Thomas  Ilamljant.  In  early  manhood  Mr. 
Ilyals  was  tinctured  with  skeptical  sentiments, 
which  were  obliterated  by  a  perusal  of  the  theo- 
logical works  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  which  also 
imbued  him  strongly  with  Calvinistic  sentiments. 
Two  or  three  years  after  his  union  with  the  church 
he  began  to  take  part  in  (Uiblic  religious  exercises, 
and  his  efforts  were  so  blessed  that  he  became  pow- 
erfully impressed  with  the  conviction  that  it  was 
his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel.  lie  lost  his  interest 
in  the  law,  and  soon  abandoned  its  practice  and 
devoted  himself  wholly  to  the  ministry.  In  1803 
he  succeeded  Dr.  Rambant  as  pastor  of  the  Cnrters- 
ville  Baptist  church,  and  since  that  period,  as  the 
65 


pastor  of  several  churches  in  the  neighborhood  of 
his  home,  he  has  been  very  useful  in  the  Mastcr'8 
cause.  In  order  to  educate  his  children  he  has 
been  compelled,  besides  preaching  and  farming,  to 
teach  school  in  Bartow  County.  He  has  long  been 
recognized  as  one  of  the  best,  strongest,  and  most 
influential  Baptist  preachers  in  Georgia.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  the  moderator  of  the  Middle 
Cherokee  Association  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  for  Mercer  University.  !I<'  is  also  a 
member  of  the  State  Mission  Board  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention. 

Ryan,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Fairfield  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  Oct.  3,  1782.  A  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812,  as  was  his  father  in  the  Revolution.  Ho 
united  with  the  Baptist  Church  in  1814,  and  soon 
after  entered  the  ministry.  Came  to  the  Territory 
of  Alaliama  and  settled  in  Greene  County  in  1815. 
He  originated  and  was  the  first  pastor  of  Salem 
church,  near  Greensborough.  then  a  most  wealthy 
church  :  he  was  its  pastor  for  twenty-one  years. 
Other  strong  churches  in  West  Alabama  grew  up 
under  his  eminent  ministry.  The  Cahaba  and  the 
Tuskaloosa  Associations  had  the  assistance  of  his 
wise  counsel  in  their  fcjrmation.  He  was  a  firm 
and  intelligent  advocate  of  the  cause  of  missions. 
In  1837  he  removed  to  Sumter  County,  where  his 
ministry  again  was  a  grand  success.  Many  great 
revivals  followed  his  preaching.  He  educated  his 
seven  children  liberally.  One  of  them  is  .in  able 
minister  of  the  gospel, — Rev.  J.  K,  Ryan,  of  Push- 
mataha, Ala.  The  father  died  in  1848.  leaving  a 
spotless  name  and  a  precious  memory. 

Ryland,  Rev.  Charles  Hill,  was  born  in  King 
and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  22,  1836.  After  a 
thorough  training  at  Fleetwood  Academy,  he  en- 
tered Richmond  College  in  1854,  and  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  185'.i.  During  the 
war,  he  was  for  two  years  with  the  Ccmfcderate 
army  in  Virginia  as  evangelist  and  colporteur,  and 
subsequently  the  depositary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Army  Colportage  Board.  He  was  ordained  in  1863 
at  the  Bruington  church,  and  became  pastor,  after 
the  close  of  the  war,  of  Burruss's  church,  Mount 
Carmel,  succeeding  the  distinguished  preachers, 
Andrew  Broaddus  and  A.  M.  Poindexter,  in  that 
venerable  church.  In  18CG  he  was  made  general 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-schools  in  Virginia 
under  the  General  Association,  and  succcedeil  in 
reorganizing  and  equip]iing  the  schools,  and  in 
bringing  their  work  to  a  high  degree  of  |iroficiency. 
In  18()0,  when  the  first  National  Sunday-School 
Institute  was  held  in  St,  Louis,  under  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Publication  Society,  Mr.  Ryland  took  a 
leading  part,  delivering  the  opening  address,  on 
■•  Our  Aims  in  this  Institute."  In  ISl'iO  he  liecame 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Alexandria,  Va.  :  in  1874 
was  elected  financial  secretary  of  Richmond  Col- 


BYLAND 


1018 


RYLAKD 


lege,  Va.,  which  position  lie  still  holds.  He  is  a 
trustee  of  Richmond  College,  a  member  of  the  cor- 
poration of  the  Columbian  University,  and  the 
founder  of  the  Virginia  Baptist  Historical  Society, 
organized  in  1876.  Mr.  Ityland  is  actively  identi- 
fied with  every  good  work  which  the  denomination 
has  at  hi'art. 

Ryland,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1753, 
at  AVarwiek.  Kngland,  where  his  father,  the  able 
and  scholarly  John  Collett  Ryland,  was  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church.  The  study  of  Hebrew  was  his 
father's  rulinj:  passion  as  a  teacher,  and  Mr.  Ryland 
was  not  a  little  elated  at  his  child's  early  pro6ciency 
in  the  language,  for  when  only  five  years  old  he  was 
able  to  read  and  translate  the  twenty-third  psalm 
to  the  celebrated  Ilervey,  with  whom  his  father 
was  intimately  acquainted.  When  he  was  about 
fourteen  years  old  his  religious  impressions  became 
fixed,  and  he  was  baptized  by  his  father  un  Sept. 
13,  1767.  He  was  recommended  to  preach  by  vote 
of  the  church  at  Northampton,  to  which  his  father 
had  removed  from  Warwick,  when  he  was  about 
eighteen  years  of  age,  and  was  fully  engaged  in  the 
villages  around  for  several  years.  During  this  time 
he  assisted  his  father  in  his  private  school,  which 
had  stood  high  under  Mr.  Ryland's  management. 
In  1781  the  church  invited  him  to  become  co-pastor 
with  his  father,  and  five  years  later  sole  pastor, 
Mr.  Ryland,  Sr..  having  removed  to  the  neighbor- 
hood of  London.  His  labors  at  N'ortliauipton  were 
greatly  blessed.  He  took  a  deep  interest  and  a 
leading  part  in  the  formation  of  the  Missionary 
Society,  and  at  the  close  of  his  life  he  became  its 
secretary.  In  April,  1792,  he  received  a  unani- 
mous invitation  to  the  two  offices  of  pastor  of  the 
Broadmead  church,  Bristol,  and  president  of  the 
Baptist  college  in  tliat  city.  After  prolonged  con- 
sideration he  at  length  decided  to  accept  the  call, 
and  entered  upon  his  duties  at  Bristol  at  the  be- 
ginning of  1794.  For  upwards  of  thirty  years  he 
was  the  most  eminent  Baptist  minister  in  the  west 
of  England,  and  was  greatly  esteemed  by  men  of 
all  ranks  and  denominations.  The  college  flour- 
ished under  his  presidency,  and  for  a  long  time  he 
exercised  by  common  consent  a  kind  of  episcopal 
supervision  over  a  large  number  of  churches.  His 
correspondence  was  extensive.  An  ardent  Liberal 
in  political  and  ecclesi.istical  principles,  he  felt  a 
lively  interest  in  American  matters,  and  had  fre- 


quent communications  with  American  correspond- 
ents respecting  them,  and  also  concerning  mission- 
ary work.  He  wrote  and  published  a  considerable 
number  of  special  discourses  and  tractates  on  im- 
portant subjects,  and  also  several  hymns  now  in 
general  use  in  public  worship. 

John  Foster  says  of  him,  that  as  a  preacher  "  he 
excelled  very  many  deservedly  esteemed  preachers 
in  variety  of  topics  and  ideas.  To  the  end  of  his  life 
he  was  a  great  reader,  and  very  far  from  being 
confined  to  one  order  of  subjects,  and  he  would 
freely  avail  himself  of  these  resources  for  diversi- 
fying and  illustrating  the  subjects  of  his  sermons. 
The  readers  of  the  printed  sketches  of  his  sermons, 
who  never  heard  him,  can  have  no  adequate  idea 
of  the  spirit,  force,  and  compulsion  on  the  hearer's 
attention  with  which  the  sermons  were  delivered." 
He  died  at  Bristol  on  May  25,  1,S25,  in  his  seventy- 
third  year.  The  funeral  sermon,  preached  by 
Robert  Hall,  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  choicest 
specimens  of  pulpit  eloquence  in  our  literature. 

Ryland,  Robert,  D.D.,  a  distinguished  minister 
and  educator,  was  born  in  King  and  Queen  Co., 
Va.,  March  14,  ISO.J:  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  Bruington  Baptist  church  in  1824,  licensed 
to  preach  in  1825,  and  ordained  in  1827.  After 
studying  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages,  he  entered 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he 
gr.aduated  in  1826.  The  next  year  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Lynchburg,  and  filled  the  position 
for  five  years.  In  1832  he  took  charge  of  the  manual 
labor  school  at  Richmond,  Va.  This  institution 
developed  into  Richmond  College,  which  was  char- 
tered in  1844,  with  Dr.  Ryland  as  president.  In 
1866  he  resigned  and  was  made  p.astor  of  the  First 
African  Baptist  church,  in  Richmond,  serving  it 
for  twenty-five  years,  during  which  time  he  bap- 
tized into  its  fellowship  over  3800  persons.  In 
1868  he  removed  to  Shelbyville,  Ky.,  where  he 
taught  a  female  school  and  preached  to  several 
country  churches.  He  has  since  been  similarly 
engaged  at  Lexington,  and  is  now  president  of  a 
female  seminary,  and  preaches  to  the  church  at 
New  Castle,  Ky. 

Dr.  Ryland  is  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
Baptist  ministers  in  this  country.  His  services  to 
the  cause  of  truth  have  been  invaluable,  and  he 
occupies  an  aCFectionate  place  in  the  regards  of  his 
brethren  in  every  State  of  the  Union. 


SACKETT 


1019 


SACRED 


s. 


Sackett,  Rev.  John  Baell,  was  born  in  Tobins, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  8,  IS12;  under  the  labors  of  Dr.  Vin- 
ton, missionary  to  Burmah,  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  1S31  ;  studied  at  Hamilton,  and  entered 
the  pastorate  at  Kingsville,  0.,  where  he  continued 
with  great  success  nine  years :  was  subsequently 
pastor  of  the  churches  at  Mount  Vernon,  Lan- 
caster, and  Fredericktown.  In  1862  he  became 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Ohio  State  Conven- 
tion, assuming  later,  in  connection  with  this  office, 
the  duties  of  superintendent  of  missions  and  finan- 
cial agent.  From  October,  18tj9,  to  October,  1870, 
while  retaining  the  office  of  corresponding  secre- 
tary, gave  most  of  his  time  to  the  struggling  church 
at  Oberlin,  but,  on  the  completion  of  their  house 
of  worship,  resumed  his  full  duties,  and  remained 
in  the  State  service  until  his  sudden  death,  at 
Clyde,  Dec.  24,  1870.  Mr.  Sackett  was  a  man 
of  sterling  worth,  and  has  left  the  impress  of  his 
genial  Christian  character  on  many  of  the  Ohio 
churches. 

Sacred  Scriptures,  Inspiratioii  of  the.— In 
saying  tluit  the  Scriptures  are  inspired  we  mean 
the  .Scriptures  in  the  languages  in  which  they  were 
originally  written.  We  do  not  claim  that  the  tran- 
scribers and  translators  of  the  original  Scriptures 
enjoyed  tlie  same  divine  protection  from  error 
which  controlled  the  original  writers.  It  is  well 
known  that  the  first  manuscripts  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, for  instance,  have  all  been  lost.  It  is  also 
evident  that  the  work  of  transcribing  and  retran- 
scribing  subjected  the  text  to  possible  variations. 
No  supernatural  aid  was  given  to  shield  the  tran- 
scribers from  such  mistakes.  Then  any  transla- 
tion of  the  New  Testament  could  be  valuable  and 
accurate  only  in  so  far  as  it  reproduced  most  faith- 
fully the  language  and  spirit  of  the  original  text. 
No  one  will  claim  that  in  translating  the  Scrip- 
tures the  same  divine  aid  is  enjoyed  which  was 
given  to  holy  men  of  God  in  writing  them.  The 
fact  then  that  in  the  determination  of  the  original 
text  we  are  left  to  the  comparison  of  the  different 
transcriptions  yet  extant  with  the  ancient  versions 
and  quotations  that  give  them  support,  and  that 
more  perfect  translations  and  revisions  are  contin- 
ually needed,  does  not  in  the  least  militate  against 
the  doctrine  that  the  original  Scriptures  were  in- 
spired. 

Of  course  the  oldest  manuscripts  existing  have 
the    greatest    authority    in   determining    the    ac- 


curacy of  the  text.  There  are  several  manuscript 
copies  of  the  New  Testament  extant,  but  the  num- 
ber of  the  oldest,  and  consequently  the  most  valu- 
able, may  be  reduced  to  four. 

1.  The  Sinaitic  manuscript  (Codex  Sinaiticus), 
probably  the  most  ancient  of  New  Testament  man- 
uscripts, was  discovered  by  Tischendorf,  in  1859. 
at  the  convent  of  St.  Catherine,  near  Mount  Sinai. 
It  is  now  at  St.  Petersburg.  Tischendorf  thinks 
it  was  written  about  the  middle  of  the  fourth  cen- 
tury. 

2.  The  Vatican   manuscript  (Codex  Vaticanus) 
;  is  also  of  the  fourth  century.     It  is  in  the  Vatican 
'  library  of  Rome.    It  is  not  so  complete  as  the  Sina- 
itic manuscript.  Schaff  judges  it  to  be  more  correct. 

.3.  The  Alexandrian  manuscript  (Codex  Alexan- 
drinus)  -i.-as  brought  from  Alexandria  in  Egypt  by 

j  Cyril  Lucar,  patriarch  of  that  city.  It  was  pre- 
sented by  him  to  Charles  I.  of  England  in  1628. 
It  is  now  in  the  British  Museum.  It  is  of  the 
fifth  century  probal)ly. 

4.  The  manuscript  of  Ephraim  the  Syrian  (Codex 
Ephraimi  Syri).  The  name  of  this  manuscript  is 
derived  from  the  fact  that  the  divine  Word  was 
partly   erased,    and    that   some   of  the   works   of 

'  Ephraim  the  Syrian  were  written  over  it.  It  is 
of  the  fifth  century,  and  is  now  in  the  library  of 
the  Louvre  at  Paris. 

These  four  are  »ncia/  manuscripts, — that  is,  they 

j  are  written  in  capital  letters  of  a  large  size, — 
while  later,  or  cursive,  manuscripts,  are  written  in 

I  a  running  hand  Greek. 

I  "  If  these  four  manuscripts  agree  in  support  of  a 
reading,  their  testimony  outweighs  that  of  all  the 
others." 

Granting   that   the  Scriptures  contain  a  divine 

I  revelation,  the  question  remains.  Are  these  Scrip- 
tures an  infallible  communication  of  that  revela- 

I  tion  ?  It  is  not  enough  for  us  to  be  convinced  that 
God  revealed  himself  to  chosen  men,  and  that  these 

]  men  communicated  his  revelation  toothers  by  writ- 
ing. We  ask,  Did  they  communicate  it  correctly 
and  fully?  Did  they  enjoy  such  a  degree  of  divine 
aid  as  was  sufficient  to  preserve  them  from  all 
error,  and  to  render  their  communication  infallible 
and  authoritative?  The  question  is  not.  How  did 
the  sacred  writers  obtain  the  truths  they  record  ?  but. 
How  did  they  transmit  that  truth  to  their  fellow- 
men? 

We  hold   that  the   Scriptures  are   divinely  in- 


SACRED 


1020 


SACRED 


spired, — that  is,  that  in  writimj  l/ieiii  the  sacred 
jjeiiiiu-ii  ciijiiyed  the  super  natural  influence  and 
guidance  of  the  divine  Spirit  in  a  measure  sufficient 
to  secure  its  end, — the  infallible  communication  of 
divine  truth.  This  is  what  we  mean  by  inspira- 
tion. The  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures  has  to  do 
witli  its  writers  simply  as  the  recorders  of  the 
truth.  In  tlie  words  of  Dr.  Ilovey,  "  The  sacred 
writers  were  moved  and  assisted  by  the  Holy 
Spirit  to  put  on  record  all  which  tlie  Bible,  apart 
from  errors  in  the  text,  now  contains."  We  hold 
such  assistance  liy  the  Spirit  to  have  been  neces- 
sary, because  without  it  it  would  be  impossible  for 
erring  man  to  give  us  an  infallible  record,  and 
without  an  infallible  record  we  could  possess  no 
rolialilc  authoritative  rule  of  faith  and  practice. 

In  determining  whether  such  supernatural  assist- 
ance was  given  to  the  writers,  we  refer  to  the  ex- 
alted character  of  the  AVord  of  God  and  to  the  tes- 
timony of  the  Scriptures  themselves. 

Apart  from  direct  Scripture  testimony,  there  are 
weighty  considerations  which  lead  us  to  expect 
that  God  would  provide  for  man  a  perfectly  infal- 
lible record  of  his  revealed  will.  The  very  fact 
that  God  has  given  a  revelation  to  man  furnishes 
presumptive  proof  that  he  has  secured  an  infallible 
and  perfect  record  of  it.  What  advantage  would 
there  be  in  a  revelation  imperfectly  transmitted  ? 
Could  it  demand  our  trust  and  obedience?  Would 
not  such  a  revelation  be  practically  worthless?  And 
can  we  believe  that  God  would  suffer  his  design  in 
giving  a  revelation  to  be  utterly  frustrated  by 
neglecting  to  provide  for  its  perfect  transmission? 
Are  we  not  compelled  to  believe  that  Goil  would 
complete  this  work  and  secure  to  us  its  perpetual 
benefits  by  means  of  an  infallible  record  ? 

Everything  that  goes  to  prove  that  the  Bible 
contains  a  revelation  from  God  furnishes  evidence 
of  the  completeness  of  its  inspiration.  There  is, 
we  claim,  no  rational  way  of  accounting  for  the 
wonderful  character  of  the  Scriptures  unless  they 
are  divinely  inspircil.  Such  truths,  tlius  written, 
must  have  been  not  only  divinely  given,  but  di- 
vinely recorded. 

As  regards  the  New  Testament,  it  is  plainly  prom- 
ised to  the  apostles  by  the  Master  that  through  the 
power  of  the  Holy  Spirit  thoy  would  be  enabled 
to  convey  the  divine  truth  given  to  them  in  an  in- 
fallible manner.  (Compare  Matt.  x.  19;  Luke  xii. 
12;  John  xiv.  26  ;  xv.  26,  27;  xvi.  13;  xiii.  20; 
XX.  21-23.) 

In  relation  to  the  New  Testament  writers  who 
were  not  apostles,  it  is  true  that  the  promise  of 
immediate  divine  guidance  was  not  primarily  given 
to  them,  but  they  must  have  shared  in  it.  Their 
fellowship  and  intimate  intercourse  with  the  apos- 
tles lead  us  to  accept  the  generally-received  opinion 
that  they  wrote  under  the  direction  and  supervision 


of  apostles.     The  character  of  their  writings  proves 
their  ecpial  insiiiration. 

Acce]iting  the  fact  that  the  New  Testament 
Scriptures  were  inspired,  the  inspiration  of  the 
Old  Testament  necessarily  follows.  The  Old  Tes- 
tament is  the  basis  of  the  New.  The  New  Testa- 
ment writers  constantly  refer  to  the  words  of  the 
Old  Testament  as  the  words  of  the  vSpirit,  the  words 
of  God.  (Compare  Luke  i.  70;  Ileb.  i.  1  ;  1  Peter 
i.  10-12  ;  2  Peter  i.  21.)  In  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  the  tes- 
timony regarding  the  inspiration  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment is  emphatically  asserted  by  Paul,  "  All  Scrip- 
ture is  given  by  inspiration  of  God."  Evidently  the 
apostle  here  refers  to  the  Old  Testament,  and  speaks 
of  it  as  inspired  of  God. 

But  what  is  the  nature  and  extent  of  that  in- 
fluence which  the  Holy  Spirit  exerted  over  the 
writers  in  producing  the  saci'ed  books?  AVhat  is 
implied  in  a  guidance  sufficient  to  secure  its  end, — 
the  infallibility  of  the  record?  What  kind  and 
amount  of  influence  are  needed  to  secure  this  end? 

In  approximating  an  answer,  the  human  element 
in  Scrijiture  must  be  taken  into  consideration  and 
given  its  due  weight.  The  individuality  of  each 
writer  stands  out  plainly  in  his  writings.  Any 
theory  of  inspiration  which  ignores  this  fact  is 
defective. 

But  the  human  element  must  ever  be  held  in 
subordination  to  the  divine  element. 

Taking  both  points  into  consideration,  the  only 
adequate  explanation  of  the  phenomena  before  us 
can  be  this, — that  while  the  writers  were  left  to 
the  free  exercise  of  their  individual  faculties,  they 
were  at  the  same  time  so  influenced,  guided,  and 
controlled  in  the  use  not  only  of  their  thoughts  but 
also  of  their  words,  that  their  writings  may  be 
truly  said  to  be  the  word  not  of  men  but  of  God. 

If  the  Spirit's  work  in  regeneration  and  sanctifi- 
cation  does  not  restrict  the  free  exercise  of  our  own 
personal  activities,  why  should  it  do  so  in  inspira- 
tion ?  If  God  can  guide  minutely  and  alisolutely 
our  ]uirposcs,  affections,  and  destiny  in  the  new- 
birth  without  interfering  with  our  personal  freedom 
of  volition  and  action,  why  should  we  conceive  it 
to  be  incredible  that  he  should  guide  men  minutely 
in  writing  his  revelation  without  such  an  interfer- 
ence ? 

If  preservation  from  error  is  to  be  secured  by 
inspiration,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  as- 
sistance, influence,  and  guidance  granted  by  the 
Spirit  should  extend  to  the  words  as  well  as  the 
thoughts  communicated.  Thought  is  clothed  in 
words,  language  is  the  garment,  the  incarnation. 
so  to  speak,  of  tliought.  IIow  can  they  be  sepa- 
rated? How  can  thought  be  infallibly  conveyed 
unless  it  is  clothed  in  infallible  language? 

The  very  idea  of  inspiration  involves  divine  as- 
sistance and  guidance.     A  divine  influence  which 


SAGE 


1021 


SAGE 


does  not  extend  to  the  langiiiij;e  is  not  sufficient 
to  secure  its  end, — the  perfect  infalliliility  of  the 
Scriptures.  If  the  writers  had  been  left  to  them- 
selves in  the  clioice  of  words,  it  does  not  appear 
how  they  could  liave  been  preserved  froiu  error- 
Without  a  special  divine  protection  tlie  sacred 
writers  were  liable,  as  other  writers  are,  to  employ 
inadequate  and  erroneous  expressions.  Nothing 
.short  of  a  s]iecial  divine  interposition  was  sufficient 
to  preserve  them  from  all  such  errors  in  language. 
Either  the  divine  influence  exerted  was  sufficient  to 
protect  the  writers  from  all  error  in  language,  or  it 
was  not  sufficient  to  do  this.  If  it  was  not  suffi- 
cient, we  liave  no  assurance  that  the  record  is  reli- 
able;  if  it  was  sufficient,  tlien  the  inspiration  was 
verbal. 

The  apostle  in  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  speaks  of  the 
"  Sa-ijttuye''  as  inspired, — that  is,  the  writiiu/,  not 
the  thouglits  simply.  We  have  to  do  then  with 
the  inspiration  of  a  honk,  tlie  inspiration  of  certain 
writim/i ;  but  the  inspiration  of  a  book,  the  in- 
spiration of  a  certain  writing,  necessarily  involves 
the  inspiration  of  its  language.  How  can  a  book, 
a  wriiinff,  be  inspired  of  God  unless  its  words  are 
tlie  product  of  a  divine  influence  and  guidance? 
If  all  Scripture  is  given  by  inspiration  of  God  its 
written  words  are  inspired. 

Accepting,  then,  heartily,  the  fact  that  the  Scrip- 
tures do  not  only  contain  a  divine  revelation,  but 
that  they  aro  the  infallible  record  of  that  revela- 
tion ;  that  both  as  to  thought  and  expression  they 
were  penned  under  the  guidance,  influence,  and 
protection  from  error  of  the  Holy  Spirit ;  that  they 
reveal  to  us  God"s  thoughts  in  the  words  he  has 
chosen  to  convey  them  ;  that  though  the  Bible  is 
given  through  man  it  is  not  to  be  taken  as  the  word 
of  men,  but,  as  it  is  in  truth,  the  word  of  God; 
holding  firmly  that  the  influence  exerted  by  the 
Holy  S|iirit  in  recording  the  Scriptures  is  an  influ- 
ence diliVriiig  in  manner  and  degree  from  the  gen- 
eral influence  of  the  Spirit ;  that  it  is  a  special  and 
gracious  influence  restricted  to  the  sacred  writers 
exclusively  ;  we  believe  that  we  have  in  these  Scrip- 
tures the  .sole  and  sufficient  divine  authority  and 
rule  regarding  the  way  of  salvatinn,  and  regarding 
every  Christian  doctrine,  duty,  and  hope.  Chris- 
tians ask  no  other  standard.  No  human  authority 
oan  for  a  moment  take  its  place.  What  it  teaches 
they  feel  bound  to  believe  ;  what  it  commands  they 
feel  bound  to  practice,  and  that  only. 

Sage,  Adoniram  Judson,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Massilliin,  (_).,  in  ISiil);  removed  to  (iranville;  in 
IS44  settled  with  parents  near  Cincinnati  ;  attended 
school  for  three  years  in  Covington,  Ky.  ;  at  fifteen 
served  one  year  as  private  tutor  ;  gave  three  years 
to  teaching  school;  fitted  for  college;  entered 
Rochester  University,  and  graduated  in  18(50;  en- 
tered Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  and  gradu- 


ateil  in  1863  ;  pastor  of  Shelburne  Falls  Baptist 
church,  Mass.,  from  ISC'?  to  l^fiT  ;  supplied  Strong 
Place  church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  four  months;  pastor 
of  Fourth  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  from  1KC8  to 


ADONIRAM    JUDSON    SAdE,  D.D. 

1869;  supplied  Pierpont  Street  church,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  five  months  ;  Professor  of  Latin  in  Roches- 
ter University,  1870-71  ;  settled  with  First  Baptist 
church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1872,  where  he  is  still 
preaching  with  marked  success.  In  his  ministry 
thus  far  (1880)  he  has  baptized  about  300  persons; 
wields  an  unusually  elegant  and  effective  pen  ;  has 
written  important  articles  for  Thi:  Examiner  and 
other  leading  periodicals;  delivered  aildrcsses  at 
commencements;  is  president  of  Connecticut  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  trustee  of  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  ;  received  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Rochester  University  in  1872 ;  for  tal- 
ents, attainments,  and  character  honored  as  a  leader 
in  Connecticut  and  as  a  prominent  minister  out  of 
it. 

Sage,  Deacon  Oren,  son  of  Giles  Sage,  was 
born  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  Dec.  25,  1787,  and 
died  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1S66.  At  six- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  converted.  In  1809  he 
settled  at  Ballston,  but  in  1827  transferred  his 
business  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  wdiero  he  perma- 
nently settled.  He  made  himself  felt  at  once  as  a 
Christian  and  a  Baptist.  To  hira  more  than  to  any 
other  one  man  our  denomination  owes  its  success- 
ful start  and  career  in  Rochester.  His  growing 
means  gave  him  a  commanding  position,  which  he 
faithfully  used  for  the  promotion  of  religious  work 


SAGE 


1022 


SAKEB 


in  general  and  his  own  loved  denomination  in  par- 
ticular. 

All  classes  of  men  in  the  city  knew  and  loved 
him.  In  his  own  church  every  member  was  his 
personal  friend.  During  the  pastorates  of  five 
successive  ministers,  through  a  period  of  forty 
j'ears,  Deacon  Sage  was  a  pillar  of  the  church. 

At  the  age  of  sixty-three  he  hecame  one  of  the 
prime  movers  of  the  project  of  establishing  the 
University  of  Rochester.  lie  appreciated  tlie  value 
of  education,  and  was  always  deeply  interested  in 
the  welfare  of  students.  The  Theological  Seminary 
of  Rochester  received  his  close  attention  ;  the  edu- 
cation of  the  ministry  was  always  near  to  his  heart. 

The  cause  of  city  missions  received  much  of  its 
best  support  from  him,  and  the  developnient  of  the 
Baptist  interest  from  one  to  six  oliurches  in  Roches- 
ter is  largely  due  to  the  impulse  which  he  gave  it. 

His  character  showed  a  remarkable  combination 
of  qualities.  Strength  and  sweetness,  justice  and 
mercy,  force  and  patience,  were  united  in  it.  Ilis 
temperament  was  at  once  ardent  and  enduring. 
He  could' work  and  wait.  lie  was  wise  and  also 
childlike.  The  spirit  of  the  Master  seemed  to  have 
possessed  him  wholly.  For  him  to  live  was  Christ, 
and  his  last  words  were,  "  As  forme,  I  am  going  to 
glorify  God." 

Sage,  William  Nathan,  second  son  of  Deacon 
Orcn  Sage,  was  born  at  Ballston,  Saratoga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  15,  1819.  At  the  age  of  eight,  in 
1827,  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Rochester. 
He  was  converted  at  eleven,  and  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Rochester,  Jan.  2,  1831, 
and  was  identiffed  from  his  childhood  with  the 
growth  and  prosperity  of  that  church  ;  for  fifty- 
one  years  in  its  Sabbath-school  as  a  scholar,  secre- 
tary, teacher,  superintendent,  and  Bible-class  in- 
structor, for  forty-eight  years  in  the  church,  and 
for  nearly  twenty  years  a  deacon.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  graduated  from  Brown  University, 
in  the  class  of  1S40,  witli  Drs.  E.  Dodge,  II.  G. 
Weston,  W.  T.  Brantly,  J.  R.  Kendriek,  II.  Lin- 
coln, and  Franklin  Wilson,  and  a  number  of  others 
who  have  been  prominent  in  political  life.  He  was 
one  of  the  prime  movers  in  the  organization  and 
establishment  of  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary and  the  University  of  Rochester.  He  has 
been  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  bitter  from  the 
commencement,  and  financial  agent  since  1850. 
These  trusts  he  has  filled  with  eminent  ability  and 
sagacity. 

In  1855,  Mr.  Sage  was  elected  for  three  years  as 
county  clerk,  and  although  often  solicited,  after 
filling  that  office  with  great  credit,  to  accept  other 
political  offices,  he  has  firmly  refused.  He  has 
often  been  honored  with  positions  of  high  trust, 
such  as  manager  of  the  House  of  Refuge,  a  State 
institution,  president  of  Rochester  Orphan  Asylum, 


president  of  the  Sage  Deposit  Company,  president 
and  trustee  of  the  Dime  Savings-Bank,  president 
of  the  Citizens"  Association,  executor  of  several 
estates,  president  of  the  Christian  Union  Associa- 
tion at  Martha's  '\'ineyard,  and  numerous  other 
responsibilities.  In  a  report  by  President  M.  B. 
Anderson  to  the  trustees  of  the  University  of 
Rochester  is  found  this  testimonial:  "The  first 
twenty  j'ears  of  growth  and  prosperity  on  the  part 
of  this  university  have  been  greatly  due  to  the  skill. 
judgment,  and  self-sacrificing  labor  of  William  N. 
Sage. 

Saker,  Rev.  Alfred,  for  more  than  thirty-seven 
years  a  missionary  of  the  English  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Society  in  Western  Africa,  will  in  after-ages  be 
remembered  with  Livingstone  and  JIoff"at  and  Mac- 
kenzie among  the  founders  of  African  Christian  civ- 
ilization. When  the  mission  to  Western  Africa  was 
commenced,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Saker,  then  members 
of  the  Morice  Square  church,  Devonport,  ofiered 
themselves  for  the  work.  It  was  the  purpose  of 
the  missionary  executive  to  use  a  small  steamer 
in  connection  with  mission  work,  and  Mr.  Saker 
went  out  in  the  position  of  assistant  missionary, 
combining  with  that  the  duties  of  engineer.  This 
plan,  however,  was  not  carried  out,  but  Mr. 
Saker's  trained  capacity  found  ample  scope  in  the 
circumstances  of  the  mission.  Shortly  after  his 
arrival  at  Fernando  Po,  the  headquarters  of  the 
Baptist  missionaries,  he  visited  the  tribes  on  the 
mainland  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cameroons  River. 
Here  he  built  a  house  suitable  for  the  work,  with 
his  own  hands,  and  gradually  acquired  acquaint- 
ance with  the  language  of  the  people.  Within  two 
years  of  the  commencement  of  his  labors  he  had 
reduced  their  language  to  writing  and  prepared  a 
lesson-book  for  the  school  which  he  had  formed. 
With  the  printing-press  and  material  sent  to  him 
by  the  church  at  Devonport  he  printed  school- 
books  for  the  use  of  his  scholars  and  portions  of 
the  New  Testament.  In  1849  the  church  at  Cam- 
eroons was  formed,  and  a  Christian  civilization  be- 
gan to  spread  itself  there  through  Mr.  Saker's 
effiarts.  He  induced  the  people  to  labor  with  some- 
thing like  regularity  in  agriculture,  introducing 
various  plants,  such  as  bread-fruit,  mangoes,  or- 
anges, and  other  fruits  and  vegetables  for  daily 
sustenance.  These  productions,  moreover,  ena- 
bled them  to  obtain  manufactured  articles  from 
the  ships  frequenting  the  river,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years  a  civilized  community  was  estab- 
lished. He  taught  his  converts  the  industrial  arts. 
and  soon  found  himself  surrounded  by  artisans  of 
all  sorts, — carpenters,  smiths,  bricklayers,  etc. 
The  more  forward  scholars  soon  became  helpful  in 
the  printing-office  work,  and  aided  in  the  transla- 
tion and  printing  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Dualla 
tongue,  which  was  his  life-long  task.     In  18.01  the 


SALLY 


1023 


SALTER 


mission  was  reduced  by  death  to  such  a  degree 
that  not  a  single  fellow-laborer  remained  of  those 
who  went  out  with  him,  except  one  or  two  colored 
brethren.  All  his  European  colleagues  were  gone, 
and  he  was  left  alone.  Hitherto  he  had  been  in  a 
subordinate  position,  but  now  from  necessity  he 
was  obliged  to  take  the  lead.  In  1853  the  Spanish 
government,  instigated  by  the  Jesuit  missionaries, 
insisted  on  the  departure  of  the  Baptists  from  Fer- 
nando Po,  and  suppressed  all  Protestant  worship. 
The  converts  resolved  to  accompany  their  teachers, 
and  the  whole  Baptist  community  removed  under 
Mr.  Saker's  guidance  to  Amboises  Bay,  on  the 
mainland.  He  purchased  a  tract  of  land  on  the 
coast  from  the  Bimbia  chief,  and  mapped  out  the 
new  colony  of  Victoria.  Under  his  energetic  super- 
intendence and  untiring  personal  labor  the  ground 
was  soon  covered  with  houses  and  gardens  for  the 
exiles.  Mr.  Saker's  influence  upon  the  native  chiefs 
and  their  people  was  most  successfully  exercised  in 
suppressing  many  of  their  cruel  and  sanguinary 
customs.  Indeed,  if  he  had  chosen,  he  might  have 
made  himself  their  king  in  the  later  years  of  his 
residence  among  them.  Although  he  lived  so  long 
in  a  climate  dea<lly  to  Europeans,  he  suffered  greatly 
from  fever  and  debility.  Few  who  saw  him  when  oc- 
casionally visiting  England  to  recruit  his  strength, 
can  forget  the  look  of  extreme  emaciation  which 
always  characterized  him.  But  his  soul  was  full 
of  indomitable  vigor,  and  it  was  not  until  1878 
that  he  finally  gave  up  the  work  and  returned  to 
England.  As  opportunity  offered,  he  visited  the 
churches  in  the  interest  of  missions  until  March, 
1880,  when  he  entered  into  rest,  aged  sixty-five 
years.     His  devoted  wife  yet  survives  him. 

Salin,  Rev.  Lewis  H.,  a  learned  and  talented 
Israelite,  was  born  in  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria, 
Germany,  July  2,  1829,  and  is  the  son  of  Rabbi 
Henry  B.  Salin.  He  was  educated  in  his  native 
country.  He  came  to  the  United  States  a  young 
man,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
Cincinnati.  In  1852  he  was  converted  to  Christ, 
and  united  with  Longridge  Baptist  church  in  Owen 
Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  lie  was  li- 
censed to  preach  in  1855,  and  ordained  in  1857. 
lie  has  usually  been  pastor  of  four  country  and 
village  churches,  Init  he  has  also  labored  exten- 
sively and  very  successfully  as  an  evangelist  in  the 
towns  and  cities  of  the  State. 

Sallis,  James  G.,  M.D.,  a  prominent  physician 
in  Attala  Co.,  Miss.,  deacon  in  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  one  of  the  most  efficient  Sunday-school  work- 
ers in  his  part  of  the  State,  was  born  in  Alabama 
in  1825.     He  has  resided  in  Mississippi  since  1848. 

Salter,  Lieut.-Gov.  Melville  Judson,  was  born 
in  Sardinia.  Wyoming  Co.,  X.  Y.,  June  20,  1834, 
and  was  one  year  old  when  his  parents  removed  to 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.     They  removed  again,  in  1840, 


to  Marshall,  Mich.,  where  he  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  is  a  self-educated  man.  He  removed  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  spent  some  time.     On  hearing  of 


LIEUT. -GOV.   MELVILI.E    JIDSOX    SALTER. 

the  death  of  his  mother  in  Michigan,  he  took  pas- 
sage on  the  steamer  "  Cortez"  to  Nicaragua,  where 
the  vessel  was  seized,  and  the  whole  crew  came 
near  being  pressed  into  the  service  of  Gen.  Walker, 
and  but  for  the  prompt  action  of  Capt.  Collins  the 
object  might  have  been  accomplished.  At  Panama 
about  forty  of  the  passengers  stopped  at  the  "  Ocean 
House.''  In  a  mere  freak,  Mr.  Salter  suggested  to 
a  comrade  that  they  board  a  train  just  leaving  for 
Aspinwall,  and  in  twenty  minutes  after  a  riot  broke 
out  in  which  every  American  guest  at  the  "Ocean 
House"  was  killed.  He  and  his  comrade  only  es- 
caped. In  1871  he  removed  with  his  wife  and 
three  sons  to  the  neighborhood  of  Thayer,  Xeosho 
Co.,  Kansas.  In  1872  great  excitement  prevailed 
among  the  settlers  on  the  Osage  ceded  lands.  A 
protective  association  was  formed,  and  he  was 
elected  chief  counselor.  Here  his  executive  abili- 
ties were  demonstrated.  The  settlers  triumphed  in 
thecontest  for  their  homes.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  of  Kansas,  and  in  1876  was 
re-elected,  and  also  appointed  regent  of  Manhattan 
College.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  register  of  Inde- 
pendence land-office.  He  is  also  a  deacon  of  the 
Baptist  church.  While  the  church  was  unable  to 
support  a  pastor  he  led  in  the  services  and  read 
sermons  on  the  Sabbath,  and  superintended  the 
Sunday-school  with  acceptance  and  success.    Lieut.- 


SAMSON 


1024 


SAMSON 


Gov.  Salter's  religion  is  of  that  kind  that  will  bear 
transportation  without  Yielding. 

Samson,  Rev.  Abisha,  was  born  at  Woodstock, 
Vt.,  Sept.  28,  17^3.  lie  was  hopefully  converted 
when  about  seventeen  years  of  age,  an<l  joined  the 
Congregational  ehuroli  in  Halifax.  Mass.  In  the 
spring  of  ISO.i,  finding  his  views  more  in  harmony 
with  those  of  the  Baptists,  he  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  where 
he  was  then  resiiling.  In  IS04  he  commenced  to 
study  with  Rev.  W.  Williams,  of  Wrentbam,  Mass. 
with  the  intention  of  entering  the  Christian  min- 
istry. He  was  licensed  by  the  First  church,  in 
Providence,  in  April,  1805,  and  was  ordained  in 
June,  1800,  in  the  meeting-house  of  the  church  of 
which  he  was  a  member,  and  at  once  entered  upon 
his  work  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Tisbury,  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard.  .Mass.,  in  which  place,  and  in  ad- 
joining places,  his  ministry  was  very  successful. 
Circumstances  which  ho  could  not  control  led  to  his 
resignation  and  acceptance  of  a  call  to  Harvard, 
Mass.,  in  1812,  where  he  remained,  a  most  useful 
pastor,  for  twenty  years.  In  1832  he  took  charge 
of  the  church  in  Southborougb,  Mass.,  remaining 
there  for  eii^it  years,  when  he  removed  to  AVorces- 
ter,  Mass.,  and  after  four  years  to  AVashington, 
D.  C,  to  reside  with  his  son,  Rev.  Dr.  Samson,  then 
president  of  Columbian  College,  where  he  died, 
■June  24,  1861. 

Samson,  George  Whitefield,  D.D.,  was  born 

Sept.  2'J.  1S19,  at  llarvarcl.  Mass.  His  father, 
Abisha  .Samson,  was  the  sixth  in  descent  from 
Abraham  .Samson,  who  came  to  Plymouth  among 
the  earliest  Pilgrims  ;  and  his  mother,  Melietable 
Kenrick,  was  the  sixth  in  descent  from  one  of  the 
earliest  Puritan  settlers  at  Boston,  Mass.  From 
the  age  of  eight  young  Samson  was  his  fathi;r's 
chief  reader, — his  eyesight  having  failed  entirely, 
— and  by  this  means,  before  he  was  thirteen  years 
old,  he  became  familiar  with  Scott's  ''  Commen- 
tary," Gill's  "Divinity,'"  Buck's '•  Theological  Dic- 
tionary, "  and  such  early  Andover  press-issues  as 
Jahn's"01d  Testament  Introduction,"  "  Biblical 
Archseology,''  etc.  At  the  ,age  of  twelve,  during  a 
series  of  "four  days'  meetings''  held  in  1831,  he 
was  hopefully  converted,  and  was  baptized  by  his 
father  in  November  of  that  year.  The  reading  of 
the  memoir  of  the  first  Mrs.  -Judson  led  him  to 
resolve  to  study  for  the  ministry,  having  in  view 
the  foreign  mission  work.  In  the  spring  of  1832 
he  began  to  prepare  for  college  under  the  Rev. 
Chas.  Train,  of  Framingham;  and  in  June,  1833, 
at  the  opening  of  the  Worcester  Manual  Labor 
School,  under  the  charge  of  .Silas  Bailey,  he  became 
one  of  its  first  pupils,  and  a  favorite  of  the  lion. 
Isaac  Davis,  one  of  its  chief  patrons.  He  entered 
Brown  University  in  September,  1835.  and  gradu- 
ated in  1839.     In  the  mean  time  he  was  an  occa- 


sional correspondent  of,  and  reporter  for,  the  Chris- 
tian Watchman,  Boston.  During  1839^0  he  was 
assistant  principal,  under  Prof.  S.  S.  Greene,  at  the 
Worcester  Manual    Labor  School,   during  which 


GEORGE    WHITEFIELD   S.WISOX,  D.D. 

time  be  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Worcester.  lie  entereil  Xewton  Theologi- 
cal Seminar^'  in  September,  1840,  and  graduated  in 
1843.  Meanwhile  he  preached  in  the  summer  vaca- 
tion of  1841  at  Martha's  Vineyard,  afid  in  the  spring 
and  summer  of  1842  at  Washington,  D.  C,  the  E 
Street  church  being  constituted  at  his  second  visit, 
Oct.  I),  1842,  with  twenty-one  members.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  1842  he  was  invited  by  the  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Convention  to  take  charge  of  the  Karen  Col- 
lege, about  to  be  organized,  but  circumstances 
prevented,  and  Dr.  Binney  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment. During  the  winter  of  1842-43,  Rev.  Jacob 
Knapp  was  preaching  for  the  new  church  in  Wash- 
ington, and  M.  B.  .\nderson,  now  of  Rochester 
University,  and  at  that  time  tutor  in  Waterville 
College,  was  with  the  church  during  December  and 
January.  At  the  solicitation  of  the  church,  Mr. 
Samson  spent  three  months  with  them  following 
up  the  work,  which  resulted  in  the  addition  of  120 
new  members.  Returning  to  Newton,  he  finished 
his  course,  and  graduated  in  1843,  and  was  ordained 
at  Washington  in  August.  After  four  years  of 
arduous  labor,  having  specially  prepared  himself 
for  the  study  of  art  and  of  Bibli(-al  archaeology, 
he  spent  a  j'ear  in  the  East  and  in  Western  Europe, 
devoting  half  a  year  to  Goshen,  the  Desert  of  Si- 
nai, and  Palestine ;  following  the  route  of  Napo- 


SAMSON^ 


1025 


SA  yen  PICA  TION 


leon's  engineers  in  1798-99  through  the  delta  re- 
traced by  Seetzen  in  1810,  and  personally  finding 
the  valley  east  of  Jebel  Mousa,  regarded  by  early 
Christians  as  the  place  of  Israel's  encampment, 
and  since  his  visit  recognized  by  French  and  Ger- 
man scholars.  lie  satisfactorily  identified  also  the 
sites  of  Christ's  birth,  baptism,  transfiguration, 
deatli,  ascension,  and  other  localities.  A  series  of 
letters  was  written  for  the  Watchman,  of  Boston  ; 
three  articles  on  Goshen  were  prepared  for  the 
Christian  Review;  one  on  Sinai  fnr  the  Bihlinthiti-a 
Sacra  ;  a  treatise  on  the  places  of  New  Testament 
baptisms:  a  small  volume  on  spiritualism, — all  ap- 
pearing between  184S  and  1851.  Returning  to 
Washington,  he  remained  with  the  E  Street  church 
from  1848  to  1850.  when  he  became,  for  two  years, 
the  successor  of  Ur.  Hague  at  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 
Returning  again  to  Washington,  he  continued  pas- 
tor of  tlie  church  for  eiglit  jears,  having  among 
his  regular  hearers  Amos  Kendall,  Sam  Houston. 
W.  L.  Marcy,  Thos.  Corwin,  W.  A.  Graham,  Duff 
Green,  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  and  other  prominent 
statesmen.  In  1858  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Columbian  College,  Washington,  I).  C,  and 
within  two  years  the  number  of  students  was  con- 
siderably increased,  many  donations  were  made, 
and  the  legacies  of  Prof.  R.  Elton,  D.D.,  John 
Withers,  and  James  McCutchen  given.  At  the 
opening  of  the  war  the  main  college  edifice  was 
rented  to  the  government  as  a  hospital,  and  it  was 
the  only  building  thus  occupied  for  which  a  written 
lease  was  given.  Prior  to  the  war,  as  early  as 
1845,  when  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  w.as 
formed,  the  E  Street  church,  at  the  suggestion  of 
the  pastor,  voted  that  in  missionary  collections  all 
who  chose  might  designate  their  contributions, 
while  undesignated  funds  should  be  equally  divided 
between  the  North  and  the  South.  Dr.  Samson 
was  associated  with  the  bojirds  of  the  Northern  and 
the  Southern  organizations,  and  was  a  trustee  of 
the  Southern  Theological  Seminary  at  Greenville. 
Prior  and  up  to  the  opening  of  the  war,  the  most 
extreme  ]iolitieal  partisans  met  at  the  communion 
table  in  his  church.  During  the  war  he  was  per- 
mitted l)y  President  Lincoln  and  his  cabinet,  and 
especially  by  the  Secretaries  of  State  and  of  War, 
and  by  the  Postm.ister-General,  to  keep  alive  all 
possiblereligiousand  missionary  exchanges  between 
tlie  North  and  the  South.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
everything  connected  with  the  college  needed  im- 
provement. W.  W.  Corcoran,  LL.D.,  since  a  most 
jiiunificent  donor,  gave  a  building  for  the  medical 
department;  a  law-school  of  marked  efficiency  was 
organized,  and  a  building  purch.ised  and  fitted  for 
the  purpose,  and  made  to  pay  for  itself:  the  college 
building  improved,  a  new  preparatory  school  built, 
and  a  theological  department  organized  for  young 
men,  white  and  colored,  temporarily  residing  in 


Washington.  The  increasing  labors  and  cares  of 
President  .Samson  led  him,  in  1871,  to  resign,  after 
twelve  years'  arduous  service  as  president,  and 
twenty-five  as  a  trustee,  in  order  to  accept  the  pres- 
idency of  Rutgers  Female  College,  New  York  City. 
In  1>'73  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bafi- 
tist  church,  Harlem,  now  Mount  Morris  Baptist 
church.  New  York,  though  retaining  his  connection 
with  Rutgers  College  as  president  up  to  1875,  and 
as  lecturer  on  art  up  to  the  present  time.  Dr. 
Samson  has,  notwithstanding  his  arduous  labors, 
written  much.  In  addition  to  the  writings  already 
mentioned,  he  published,  in  ISOG,  "Elements  of 
Art  Criticism,''  and  in  1808  an  abridged  edition  of 
the  same  ;  numerous  small  treatises  and  articles  in 
weeklies,  monthlies,  and  quarterlies,  especially  on 
the  subjects  of  "'Evolution''  and  the  ''Future 
State."  A  small  volume  on  the  "  Atonement  His- 
torically Considered""  has  just  been  published,  and 
a  treatise  on  "Wine  in  Religious  Uses"  has  been 
prepared  by  him  at  the  request  of  two  Conventions. 
No  Baptist  clergyman  in  the  country  is  perhaps 
better  known  throughout  the  denomination  than 
Dr.  Samson. 

Sanctification. — Sanctification  {iyianfi<K)  is  sep- 
ar;ition  from  the  world,  purity  of  heart  and  life, 
holiness. 

The  inspired  truth  of  God  is  the  instrument  by 
which  the  soul  is  sanctified,  and  the  Spirit  of  God 
is  the  author  of  that  blessed  work. 

It  commences  in  the  soul  when  the  Comforter 
gives  a  new  heart,  and  when  he  imparts  that  faith 
in  Jesus  which  enables  the  believer  to  shake  off 
the  allurements  and  power  of  sin. 

Its  nature  is  often  misunderstood  by  Christians. 
In  the  unconverted  man  there  is  but  one  bent,  one 
inclination,  and  it  alw;iys  points  to  some  form  of 
selfishness  or  sin.  He  forgets  God,  or  only  thinks 
of  him  to  resist  him.  And  though  his  conscience 
may  occasionally  remonstrate  with  him,  yet  he  has 
but  one  purpose  in  life.  The  Christian  has  two 
dispositions :  the  controlling  one  is  governed  by 
love  to  Christ  and  hatred  of  sin  ;  the  inferior  one 
is  composed  of  the  remains  of  his  corrupt  nature, 
and  it  is  full  of  hatred  to  Jesus  and  a  holj'  life. 
These  opposite  inclinations  are  found  in  some 
measure  in  every  regenerated  member  of  Christ's 
family,  from  the  most  perfect  disciple,  ready  for 
heaven,  to  the  most  defective  believer,  just  born  of 
the  Spirit.  There  never  was  a  true  believer  on 
earth  entirely  free  from  the  abiding  evil  of  which 
Paul  speaks  in  Romans  vii.  23  :  "  But  I  see  an- 
other law  in  my  members,  warring  against  the  law 
of  my  mind,  and  bringing  me  into  captivity  to  the 
law  of  sin  which  is  in  my  members."  This  law 
of  sin  needs  continual  watching,  and  it  needs  re- 
sistless grace  ;  and  it  only  perishes  in  a  child  of 
God  when  death  destroys  the   life   of   the  body. 


SANCTIFICATION 


1026 


SANDERS 


Sanctification,  after  it  is  commenced  by  tlie  new 
liirtli  and  a  tiriii  reliance  upon  Clirist,  consists  in 
a  constant  growth  in  faith  and  in  love  to  Christ ; 
these  developments  of  the  relij;ious  life  impose  in- 
creased restraints  upon  our  evil  tendencies,  and 
i;ive  additional  power  to  our  earnest  and  frequent 
prayers  f(n-  fjraoe  to  overcome  every  foe  of  Jesus 
within  and  around  us. 

We  should  aim  at  roinplele  consa-rution  to  God. 
The  Saviour  says,  "  Be  ye  perfect  even  as  your 
Father  who  is  in  heaven  is  perfect ;"  that  is,  "  Be 
fully  developed  (i-fXewM)  or  complete  (in  the  graces- 
of  the  Spirit)  as  your  Father  who  is  in  heaven  is 
complete  (in  all  the  ^rand  attributes  of  liis  being)." 
Paul  says,  "  I  beseech  you  therefore,  lirethren,  by 
the  mercies  of  God,  that  ye  present  your  bodies  a 
living  sacrifice,  holy,  acceptable  unto  God,  vphich 
is  your  reasonable  service."  When  any  creature 
was  friven  to  a  Jewish  priest  to  be  offered  up  to 
God  in  saeritice,  nothing  was  retained  l)y  the  wor- 
shiper, not  even  a  portion  of  the  hair  or  of  the  wool. 
A  Jewish  altar  must  be  built  not  of  hewn,  hut  of 
whole  stones  (Joshua  viii.  31)  ;  the  priest  must  not 
be  deformed  or  injured  :  he  must  be  a  perfect  phys- 
ical man  :  and  the  sacrifice  must  be  without  blem- 
ish, and  must  be  given  whole  to  the  priest.  And 
we  are  required  to  present  our  bodies  a  liviiuj  sac- 
rifice, an  enduring  and  complete  ofl'ering  to  God. 

Sanctification  is  n  progressive  work.  Paul  says, 
"Leaving  the  principles  (rudiments)  of  the  doc- 
trine of  Christ,  let  us  go  on  unto  perfection  ;"  that 
is,  unto  tlie  full  development  of  Christian  graces. 
An  intelligent  patriot,  in  a  time  of  war,  enlists; 
but  though  he  loves  his  country,  and  has  a  strong 
body  and  a  vigorous  mind,  he  needs  drilling  to 
make  him  useful.  Five  thousand  veterans  could 
chase  one  hundred  thousand  warriors  of  his  order. 
But  let  liim  be  drilled  for  six  montlis,  and  pass 
through  two  or  tliree  battles,  and  he  is  fitted  for 
anything  whicli  the  experienced  and  brave  patriot 
can  achieve.  So  the  believer,  as  he  journeys  along 
the  narrow  way,  learns  more  every  day  of  the  cun- 
ning and  perseverance  of  sin,  and  of  the  power  of 
grace  to  resist  it ;  and  while  lie  may  never  be  freed 
from  the  attacks  of  the  tempter,  nor  from  his  in- 
ternal weaknesses,  till  death,  yet  he  may  become 
a  powerful  veteran  in  watching,  fighting,  and 
routing  sin  ;  and  he  may  become  strong  in  the 
Lord  and  in  the  power  of  his  might,  so  that  sin 
shall  never  have  dominion  over  him. 

A  holy  heart  and  life  cjire  Ihe  richest  pleasure. 
When  the  believer  falls  he  prepares  for  the  most 
miserable  doubts,  and  for  bitter  repentance.  Soon 
he  will  be  crying,  "  lias  God  forgotten  to  be  gra- 
cious?" "Cast  me  not  away  from  thy  presence 
and  take  not  thy  Holy  Spirit  from  me."  "  Restore 
unto  me  the  joys  of  thy  salvation  and  uphold  me 
with  thy  free  Spirit."     And,  besides,  the  chastis- 


ing hand  of  God  may  fall  heavily  upon  him  and 
his,  to  make  him  renounce  sin.  But  if  he  is  only 
faithful  to  .Jesus,  grace  equal  to  every  trial  will  be 
given  him  ;  Jesus  will  walk  with  him  in  every 
furnace  of  afflictiim,  and  give  him  joy  when  the 
most  acute  anguish  shall  scourge  others.  So  Paul 
was  blessed  in  his  sorrows,  and  as  a  result,  he  says, 
"  We  glory  in  tribulations  also;"  and  so  thenuirtyrs 
have  been  favored  as  tlieir  bodies  were  subjected  to 
the  worst  woes  that  human  cunning  could  invent; 
the  Saviour  filled  them  with  his  love,  and  they  Imd 
overflowing  pleasures  in  their  agonies. 

Holiness  of  heart  pleases  God.  The  sin  of  the 
angels  drove  them  from  heaven.  The  guilt  of  our 
first  parents  ex)ielled  them  from  Paradise.  The 
sinful  pride  of  Moses,  when  he  smote  the  rock  for 
water,  shut  him  out  of  the  earthly  Canaan.  We 
should  follow  after  holiness,  without  which  no  man 
shall  see  the  Lord,  and  without  which  our  prayers 
will  not  be  heard,  for  David  says,  "  If  I  regard  in- 
iquity in  my  heart  tlie  Lord  will  not  hear  me." 

It  gives  the  world  the  noblest  icslimoiuj  to  the 
power  of  Christ.  A  community  of  holy  persons 
attracts  the  attention  of  all  around  them.  Their 
purity  of  life  and  love  to  Jesus  become  proverbial, 
and  with  the  greatest  eloquence  and  success  they 
preach  tlie  Cross  of  Jesus,  even  when  they  do  not 
utter  a  word.  In  this  way  they  keep  the  Saviour's 
words,  "  Let  your  light  so  shine  before  men  that 
they  may  see  your  good  works,  and  glorify  your 
Father  who  is  in  heaven." 

Sanders,  Rev.  B.  M.,  was  born  in  Columbia 
Co.,  C!a.,  Dec.  2,  178'.*,  and  was  left  an  orphan  at 
an  early  age.  Previous  to  his  entrance  upon  college 
life  in  the  State  University  at  Athens,  in  ISOO,  he 
studied  in  Kiokee  Seminary,  under  good  instructors. 
Leaving  Athens,  he  entered  the  South  Carolina 
College,  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  April  4,  ISOS,  and  was 
graduated  Dec.  4,  1809.  Ilts  education  was  thus 
far  above  the  generality  of  the  young  men  of 
Georgia  in  that  day.  Returning  to  his  native 
State,  he  taught  in  the  Columbia  County  Academy 
two  years,  and  then  engaged  most  successfully  in 
tlie  occupation  of  farming  for  many  years.  Mr. 
S.anders  united  with  Kiokee  church  in  1810,  and 
was  baptized  by  Abram  Marshall.  lie  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  Union  churcli,  Warren  Co.,  in  1823, 
at  which  church  he  was  ordained  in  1825,  after  a 
call  by  the  Williams  Creek  church,  the  Presbytery 
being  composed  of  Jesse  Mercer,  Malachi  Reeves, 
.Joseph  Roberts,  John  II.  Walker,  J.  P.  M.arshall, 
and  Elishn  Porryman.  In  18,32  he  removed  to 
Penfield  to  take  charge  of  Mercer  Institute,  the 
manual  labor  school  established  by  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention  in  January,  1833,  Under  his 
energetic  and  wise  administration  the  institute 
prospered  greatly.  Dr.  J.  II.  Campbell,  in  his 
volume  entitled  "  Georgia  Baptists,"  says  of  Mr. 


SANDEIiS 


1027 


SANFORD 


Sanders,  "  He  was  not  merely  the  general  super- 
intendent of  the  seminary,  but  he  was  teacher, 
steward,  and  farmer.  lie  had  accounts  to  keep, 
buildings  to  erect,  lands  to  clear,  fence,  and  culti- 
vate, financial  plans  to  evolve,  discipline  to  ad- 
minister, studies  to  review,  an  extensive  corre- 
spondence to  keep  up,  besides  preaching  to  the 
churches  around,  and  attending  to  his  own  private 
and  agricultural  interests.  He  proved  himself  to 
be  the  very  man  for  the  position,  and  in  all  his 
various  duties  he  sustained  himself  must  success- 
fully. God  smiled  upon  his  endeavors,  public  favor 
was  conciliated  for  the  institution,  the  number  of 
stuilents  increased,  pecuniary  aid  flowed  in,  and 
precious  revivals  of  religion  were  enjoyed  from 
year  to  year.  When  the  institute  was  elevated  to 
the  rank  of  a  L-olleire.  Mr.  Sanders  was  elected  its 
first  president,  which  position  he  accepted  only  on 
the  condition  that  the  trustees  would  procure  a 
successor  at  their  earliest  opportunity.  A  suc- 
cessor having  been  obtained,  he  resigned  at  the 
close  of  1S3'.1,  having  conducted  the  institution 
successfully  through  the  first  seven  years  of  its  ex- 
istence. Though  no  longer  the  president,  he  con- 
tinued, in  other  relations,  his  untiring  efforts  for 
its  prosperity.  He  was  about  five  years  its  treas- 
urer, without  compensation  ;  and  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  secretary  of  that  board 
up  to  the  time  of  his  decease.  He  did  more  to  es- 
tablish the  university  than  any  other  individual." 
With  all  these  duties  he  did  not  diminish,  but 
rather  increased  his  ministerial  labors,  preaching 
to  various  churches.  "  For  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  he  was  a  burning  and  a  shining  light 
in  the  Georgia  Association,  was  its  dork  for  several 
years,  and  for  nine  years  its  moderator.  For  many 
years  he  was  more  fully  identified  with  all  the  im- 
portant measures  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, at  least  as  far  as  their  practical  execution 
was  concerned,  than  any  other  man  in  the  State." 
For  six  years  he  was  its  president,  and  for  a  series 
of  years  was  chairman  of  its  Executive  Committee. 
For  a  time  he  was  editor  of  the  Cliristian  Index. 
and  generally  attended  the  old  Triennial  Conven- 
tion, and  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  as  a 
delegate.  Decision  of  character,  punctuality,  in- 
domitable energy,  and  great  moral  courage  wore  his 
distinguishing  characteristics.  During  his  whole 
Christian  life  he  seemed  to  make  but  one  contri- 
bution to  the  cause  of  human  happiness,  and  that 
was — himself.  He  will  long  be  held  in  honor  for 
the  distinguished  part  he  took  in  building  up 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  (joor^'ia :  and  by  the 
hundreds  of  young  men  whom  ho  guided  .so  faith- 
fully and  sucoessfiilly  in  the  paths  of  education  and 
religion,  his  memory  is  cherished  with  the  highest 
esteem.  He  departed  this  life,  after  a  lingering 
illness,  which  he  endured  with   cheerful  resigna- 


tion, on  the  12th  of  March,  1852,  and  his  remains 
very  appropriately  repose  in  the  grave-yard  at 
Penfield. 

Sanders,  Rev.  Henry  Martin,  pastor  of  the 
Warburton  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Yonkers,  N.  Y., 
was  born  in  New  York  City,  Nov.  20,  IS49.  His 
father  is  the  author  of  the  well-known  series  of 
school  books  of  that  name.  He  received  a  thorough 
common-school  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  Y'ork  City  ;  prepared  for  college  in  Homer, 
N.  Y.  ;  entered  Y'ale  College  in  18G8,  and  gradu- 
ated in  1872.  While  in  college  Mr.  Sanders  wa.s 
successful  in  taking  several  prizes  in  composition 
and  oratory.  After  graduation,  feeling  it  his  duty 
to  enter  the  ministry,  he  gave  a  year  to  wide  read- 
ing and  study,  entered  the  Union  Theological  Semi- 
nar}', of  New  York  City,  in  1873,  and  graduated  in 
1876.  While  in  the  seminary  he  received  a  call  to 
the  church  of  which  he  is  at  present  p;istor,  and  in 
September,  1870,  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  min- 
istry at  that  church.  For  so  young  a  man  Mr. 
Sanders  has  a  wide  reputation  as  an  orator  and 
scholar,  and  is  destined  to  wiold  a  great  power 
.among  Christians  of  every  name. 

Sanderson,  Deacon  Daniel,  was  born  in 
Rindge,  N.  H.,  in  1798.  He  was  left  an  orphan 
in  his  childhood,  and  was  obliged  to  work  his  way, 
by  his  own  energies,  through  the  world.  Having 
been  baptized  by  Rev.  Charles  Train,  he  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  AVeston.  Mass.  He  was 
one  of  the  cunstituent  memliers  of  what  are  nuw 
the  flourishing  churches  in  Brookline  and  Jamaica 
Plain,  Mass.  Removing  from  the  latter  to  the 
former  place,  he  was  made  a  deacon  of  the  church, 
and  for  seventeen  years  was  one  of  its  most  ac- 
tive and  useful  members.  For  many  years  lie  was 
on  the  board  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  for  two  years  was  its  president.  He 
was  also  for  several  years  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union.  In  all  these  relations  Deacon 
Sanderson  perfirmed  good  service  for  his  Master. 
He  died  July  ^C,,  1863. 

Sanford,  Vincent. — This  truly  excellent  and 
godly  man  was  born  in  Loudon  Co.,  Va.,  in  April, 
1777  ;  when  about  twenty-six  years  old  he  was  con- 
verted, and  joined  the  Ketockton  church,  in  his 
native  State.  In  the  fall  of  IMO  he  removed  to 
Georgia  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Greensborough, 
where  for  some  time  he  engaged  in  merchandising. 
At  that  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  Shiloh  church, 
seven  miles  distant,  there  being  no  Baptist  church 
in  Greensborough  ;  but  in  1821  a  Baptist  church 
was  constituted  in  that  place,  largely  through  his 
influence,  in  which  church  he  remained  until  his 
death.  He  was  elected  clork  of  the  Inferior  Court 
in  1829,  and  soon  after,  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court, 


SANFORD 


1028 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


which  position  he  retained  by  successive  elections 
as  long  as  he  lived. 

In  many  respects  Vincent  Sanford  was  a  remark- 
able man,  being  noted  chielly  for  his  purity  of 
character ;  and  perhaps  no  public  man  ever  had 
more  friends  or  fevrer  enemies.  '"  Uncle  Vincent,"' 
as  he  was  familiarly  called,  was  a  general  favorite. 
To  singular  piety  lie  united  extreme  and  unpre- 
tending modesty.  He  loved  to  pray,  and  he  loved 
the  house  of  prayer;  and  the  longer  he  lived  tlie 
nearer  to  God  did  he  approach.  With  a  clear  in- 
tellect-and  a  still  clearer  hope,  he  died  May  27, 
1850,  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his  age.  lie  was 
one  of  the  many  remarkaljle  laymen  of  Georgia 
whose  godly  influence  did  much  to  give  tone  and 
characti-r  to  tlie  denomination  in  the  State. 

Sanford,  Rev.  J.  W.,  a  gifted  young  preacher 
in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  Ripley  Co.,  Miss.,  in 
1S48.  After  thorough  jireparatiou  in  Ripley  Male 
Academy,  be  entered  Mississii)pi  College  in  ISTO. 
His  remarkable  gifts  as  an  orator  soon  attracted 
attention,  and  he  was  frequently  called  upon  to 
deliver  pulilie  addresses.  He  united  with  the 
church  in  IStiCi,  and  was  at  once  licensed  to  preach. 
AVhile  in  college  he  supplied  several  churches  in 
the  vicinity  of  Clinton,  and  after  his  graduation,  in 
1875,  be  became  pastor  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  in  con- 
nection with  Baldwyn  in  tlie  same  State.  But. 
after  a  brief  and  brilliant  career,  he  fell  a  victim 
to  consumption  in  1877. 

Sanford,  Miles,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
and  preached  for  a  time  in  the  Methodist  denomi- 
nation, but  changing  his  views,  be  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Chicago,  then  editor 
in  Detroit.  He  afterwards  returned  to  Massachu- 
setts, and  labored  in  the  pastoral  office  at  Boston, 
Gloucester,  and  North  Adams,  and  during  this  lat- 
ter pastorate  he  also  served  as  chaplain  in  the 
army.  Following  this  he  served  the  American  Bi- 
ble Union  as  financial  secretary,  and  after  retiring 
from  this  position  he  accepted  tlie  pastoral  charge 
of  the  First  church  of  Salem,  N.  J.,  where  he  la- 
bored for  about  two  years.  During  this  period  he 
was  a  member  of  the  bo.ai-d  of  trustees  of  the  South 
Jersey  Institute.  He  had  fine  talents  and  high 
culture,  was  an  able  preacher  and  an  efficient  pas- 
tor, and  he  was  loved  and  honored  liy  all  who  knew 
him.  He  died  at  Salem,  N.  J.,  while  pastor  of  the 
First  .■burch,  Oct.  .^1,  1874. 

Sanford,  Prof.  S.  P.,  LL.D.,  a  professor  in  Mer- 
cer University,  at  Macon,  Ga.,  a  son  of  Vincent  San- 
ford, was  born  in  Greensborough,  Ga.,  -Jan.  25,  1816. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Loudon  Co.,  Va.  In 
LSIO  they  moved  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  Greens- 
borough.  His  grandfather,  .Jeremiah  Sanford,  was 
aneigblior  and  intimate  friend  of  George  Washing- 
ton, under  whom  be  served  at  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  witnessing  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis. 


Prof.  Sanford  took  a  full  course  in  the  State 
University,  graduating  in  1S3S,  sharing  the  first 
honor  with  Hope  Hull,  Isaiah  Irwin,  and  B.  M. 
Palmer.  While  the  languages  and  mathematics 
were  his  favorite  studies,  he  acquired  a  particular 
fondness  for  mathematics  under  the  tuition  of 
Prof.  C.  F.  McCay.  Tliree  months  before  his 
graduation  he  was  elected  tutor  in  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, in  which  institution  he  has  been  an  in- 
structor since  August,  1838.  He  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  in  1840,  a  position  he  still 
holds.  As  an  educator  in  his  particular  depart- 
ment, he  probably  has  no  superior  in  the  coun- 
try. Besides  instructing,  he  has  made  his  mathe- 
matical knowledge  generally  serviceable  by  the 
publication  of  a  series  of  arithmetics,  which  have 
a  very  extended  circulation,  both  North  and  South. 
He  has  lately  puldisbed  also  an  elementary  alge- 
bra for  schools  and  academies,  which  has  already 
secured  a  wide  circulation. 

Prof.  Sanford  is  energetic  and  elastic  in  both 
mind  and  body.  Good-natured,  even-tempered,  vi- 
vacious, and  cheerful,  he  is  popular  with  students, 
whose  attention  during  recitation  he  never  fails  to 
arrest  and  liold.  For  more  than  forty  years  he 
has  been  either  a  Sunday-school  superintendent  or 
teacher,  and  mucli  of  tliat  time,  also,  a  faithful 
and  useful  deacon.  Tlie  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Mercer  University.  Outside 
of  his  particular  department  he  is  an  accomplished 
scholar,  and  has,  during  more  than  one  interreg- 
num, ofiiciated  as  president  of  the  university. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.— The  First  Baptist  church 
of  San  Francisco  is  the  mother  of  120  churches 
in  the  State.  It  was  organized  July  6,  1849,  with 
six  members.     It  was  the  first  Protestant  church 


FIRST    B.iFTlST    CUL'RCH,     S.\N    FRANCISCO. 

edifice  erected  in  California.  In  size  it  was  30 
by  50  feet,  built  of  rough  joists  and  sides,  roofed 
with  ship's  sails,  walls  and  ceilings  of  cotton-cloth, 
and  cost,  with  the  ground,  $6000.  In  this  build- 
ing the  first  public  school  of  San  Francisco  was 
held.      The   church    has   rebuilt   or   enlarged    its 


SAX  FRANCISCO 


1029 


SAU  QUALA 


houses  of  worship  four  times,  and  now  occupies  a 
beautiful  edifice  in  the  heart  of  the  city.  There 
are  now  five  Baptist  churches,  two  missions,  and  a 
Chinese  mission  in  the  city.  The  number  of  Bap- 
tists is  l.^IO.     (See  article  Metropolitan  Temim.e.) 

San  Francisco,  Metropolitan  Temple  of,  is 
occupied  by  the  Metropolitan  church,  the  result  of 
a  union  in  1875  of  the  Second  and  the  Tabernacle 
churches.  In  five  years  the  number  of  nieinbers 
increased  from  231  to  563.  The  temple  was  com- 
pleted in  1877,  at  a  cost,  including  the  lots  (75 
by  100  feet),  of  §200,000.  It  is  mainly  the  bene- 
faction of  Deacon  Isaac  Latikershiiii  as  a  frre  place 
of  worship.  The  main  auditorium,  aiiipliitheatre 
in  form,  lieautifully  finished  and  furnished,  ac- 
commodates 3000  hearers;  lecture-room  and  par- 
lors, 1000  persons.  It  has  eleven  other  rooms, 
for  pastor,  libraries,  classes,  etc.,  and  two  large 
stores.  The  churcli  meets  all  expenses  of  free 
public  worship.  Rents  of  stores,  and  the  hall  for 
concerts  and  lectures,  are  used  as  a  sinking  fund 
to  pay  for  the  building,  in  the  expectation  that 
all  will  be  eventually  paid,  when  the  property 
will  be  a  perpetual  source  of  revenue  for  mission 
purposes.  The  Sunday  evening  services  are  al- 
ways largely  attended ;  the  morning  congrega- 
tions are  from  600  to  1000.  This  church  is  now 
the  largest  Baptist  church,  and  its  congregation 
the  largest  Protestant  one  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
(See  article  Lankershim.) 

Sarles,  John  Wesley,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bed- 
ford, N.  Y.,  June  20,  1817:  became  a  member  of 
the  Oliver  Street  church.  New  York  ;  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Cone,  April  5,  1835.  He  pursued  the  full 
eight  years'  course  at  Hamilton,  graduating  in 
1847.  He  became  pastor  of  the  newly-formed 
Central  church,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  remained 
there  for  thirty-two  years,  enjoying  an  unusually 
successful  pastorate.  It  was  supposed  that  he  was 
too  firmly  rooted  to  be  moved,  but  the  old  church 
at  Piscataway,  N.  J.,  gave  him  a  hearty  call,  and 
in  1S79  he  acccj)ted  it.  His  talents  and  piety  are 
well  adapted  to  the  important  position  whi(-h  he  is 
called  to  fill.  In  1860  Madison  University  gave 
him  the  degree  of  D.D.  lie  has  by  request  per- 
mitted several  able  sermons  to  be  published,  and 
his  memorial  of  his  excellent  wife  has  been  widely 
circulated.  Dr.  Sarles  is  one  of  the  purest  and 
best  ministers  in  the  Baptist  denomination. 

Saunders,  Rev.  Edward  Manning,  A.M.,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1S29,  in  Aylesford.  Nova  Scotia; 
taught  in  Milton  Academy,  Queen's  Co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia; entered  Acadia  College  in  1854;  graduated 
there  in. June,  18.58  :  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
cliurch  in  Berwick,  Nova  Scotia,  Dec.  15,  1858  ; 
subsequently  studied  theology  at  Xowton  :  became 
pastor,  in  1867,  of  the  Baptist  church,  (iranville 
Street,  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  still  minis- 


ters.    Mr.  Saunders  is  a  sound  theologian  and  an 
able  preacher. 

Sau  ftuala  is  a  S'gan  Karen,  and  was  among 
the  earlier  converts  from  that  interesting  people. 
Eminently  successful  as  he  was  in  the  commence- 
ment of  his  Christian  life  as  apreacher  of  the  gospel, 
the  missionaries  thought  him  to  be  a  most  suitable 
person  to  be  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  Christian 
ministry  in  1846,  and  he  soon  came  to  bo  regarded 
as  the  leading  Karen  minister  in  the  Tavoy  Mi.s- 
sion.  At  a  meeting  of  an  Association  of  Karen 
churches,  held  at  Mata  for  several  days  In  Jan- 
uary, 1851,  we  find  that  "the  annual  sermon,  a 
pertinent  and  practical  discourse,  was  preached  by 
Sau  Quala  at  the  opening."  The  report  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  for  1852  alludes  to  a  remark  of 
one  of  the  Tavoy  missionaries,  who  is  speaking, 
without  doubt,  of  Sau  Quala," as  "'a  good  man  in 
whom  people  repose  unljounded  confidence.  They 
fe.ir  they  can  do  nothing  without  him.''  For  some 
time  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Pyeekhya. 
The  true  missionary  spirit  was  in  Sau  Quala,  and 
he  yielded  to  the  strong  desire  he  felt  to  reach  his 
countrymen  in  other  parts  of  Burmah.  When  Dr. 
Mason  commenced  the  mission  at  Toungoo,  being 
obliged  on  account  of  ill  health  to  be  absent  for  a 
time,  the  whole  responsibility  of  conducting  the 
mission  devolved  on  Sau  Quala  and  his  native  as- 
sistants. Dr.  Mason  had  great  confidence  in  him. 
He  had  been  his  teacher  in  Karen,  and  had  ren- 
dered him  aid  in  translating  tlie  Scriptures.  He 
commenced  his  work  at.  Toungoo  with  apostolic 
zeal,  making  tours  into  the  adjacent  country,  and 
preaching,  in  connection  with  his  assistants,  so 
effectually  that  at  the  end  of  their  first  year's  labors 
there  were  12  preachers,  14  churches,  and  741  mem- 
bers, besides  hundreds  who  liad  asked  to  be  bap- 
tized but  had  been  advised  to  wait  for  a  season. 
The  tribes  of  Karens  among  whom  he  labored  were 
a  nation  of  drunkards  and  gamblers,  exceedingly 
quarrelsome  and  vindictive.  After  five  years  of 
evangelical  labor  with  these  savage  tribes,  as  the 
result  of  the  missionary  work  which  had  been 
done,  there  was  a  Christianizeil  population  of 
26,000  souls,  of  whom  nearly  40<10  were  members 
of  churches.  Year  after  year  we  find  the  name  of 
Sau  Quala  among  the  list  of  native  preachers  in  the 
Toungoo  station,  and  we  know  he  did  good  work  in 
tlie  field  of  his  labors.  During  all  the  troubles 
which  wrought  such  havoc  with  the  Karon  Chris- 
tians in  the  Tavoy  station,  in  connection  with  the 
eccentric  movements  of  Mrs.  Mason,  he  was  not 
seduced  from  his  allegiance  to  the  cause  he  so  much 
loved.  Said  Dr.  Warren  in  his  appeal  to  the  Karen 
Christians, "  Sau  l^uala  stands  firmly  :  follow  him." 
Mr.  Cross  says  of  him,  "Qualu's  character  appears 
grandly  in  the  fires  of  this  furnace.  "  Among 
Mr.  Bunker's  "First  Impressions"  we  find  the  fol- 


SAVAGE 


1030 


SA  W'l'ELLE 


lowing :  "  The  good  old  Quala  is  here.  Were  there 
no  other  fruit  save  Quahi  for  a  fifty  years'  sowing, 
missions  would  lie  a  glorious  success.  lie  is  a 
monument  of  grace,  and  a  bright  example  of  God's 
love  and  the  elevating  influence  of  the  gospel."'  In 
September,  1878,  Mr.  Carpenter,  in  giving  an  ac- 
count of  the  jubilee  to  commemorate  the  conversion 
of  Ko-Thah-l?yu,  writes,  "The  aged  Quala  had 
been  invited,  but  suffering  as  he  is  from  partial 
paralysis,  he  was  unable  to  come  so  far.  lie  wrote 
a  long  letter,  however,  telling  what  he  knew  of 
Ko-Thah-Byu  and  the  early  work  in  Tavoy,  which 
was  read  to  the  congregation  at  this  season." 

Savage,  Rev.  Eleazer,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  .July  L'S,  1800;  entered  Hamilton  in 
1820;  was  ordained  in  Rochester  in  1S24 ;  was 
pastor  in  several  other  communities  in  New  York, 
in  which  he  baptized  more  than  400  souls  ;  pub- 
lished a  valuable  work  on  Church  Discipline.  Mr. 
Savage  was  a  very  useful  minister,  and  an  honored 
and  faithful  servant  of  Jesus  ;  one  of  his  daughters 
is  the  wife  of  the  able  president  of  the  Kochester 
Theological  Seminary. 

Savage,  Rev.  R.  R.,  was  born  in  Nansemond 
Co.,  Va.,  in  1835.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at 
Reynoldson  Institute,  N.  C,  and  graduated  at  Wake 
Forest  College  in  1858.  lie  labored  for  some  time 
in  Halifax  Co.,  Va.,  but  for  many  years  has  been 
one  of  the  wise  and  mighty  men  who  have  guided 
the  counsels  of  the  Chowan,  the  largest  Associ- 
ation in  North  Carolina.  He  is  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  also  of  the  Chowan  Female  In- 
stitute.    He  is  a  man  of  great  worth. 

Savannah,  The  Baptist  Church  of.— In  1794 
the  few  Baptists  who  were  in  Savannah,  (ia.,  pro- 
posed the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship.  The  fol- 
lowing year,  by  the  assistance  of  general  contri- 
butions from  different  denominations,  a  house  50  by 
60  feet  was  erected  ou  Franklin  Square,  under  the 
superintendence  of  Ebcnezer  Hills,  .John  Millen, 
Thomas  Polhill,  John  Hamilton,  Thomas  Harrison, 
and  John  II.  Robards  as  trustees.  There  seems  to 
have  been  some  sort  of  church  organization  in 
1795,  as  in  that  year  the  city  conveyed  a  lot  to  the 
church,  the  petition  for  which  was  drawn  by 
Robert  Bolton.  The  house,  in  an  unfinished  state, 
was  rented  to  the  Presbyterians,  who  had  lost  their 
church  edifice  by  fire.  They  completed  it, and  occu- 
pied it  three  years.  In  1799,  while  the  house  was 
still  under  lease  to  the  Pi-esbyterians,  Rev.  Henry 
Ilolcombe,  of  Beaufort,  S.  C,  was  chosen  pastor 
of  the  congregation,  then  consisting  of  different 
denominations.  His  salary  was  l?2000  per  annum. 
The  ho*ise  of  worship  was  dedicated  by  the  Bap- 
tists on  the  17th  of  April,  1800,  and  on  the  26th 
of  November  in  the  same  year  the  church  was 
fully  organized  and  constituted,  the  membership 
then  consisting  of  fourteen  persons. 


The  charter  of  incorporation  was  drawn  by  John 
McPherson  Berrien,  and  was  signed  by  Gov. 
Josiah  Tatnall,  in  the  year  1801.  Ur.  Henry  Hoi- 
combe  was  called  to  the  pastcu'ato  of  the  new  church 
on  the  25th  of  January,  1802,  and  he  accepted  the 
invitation  on  the  24th  of  March  of  the  same  year. 
The  church  worshiped  on  Franklin  Square  till 
1833,  and  then  removed  to  the  Iniilding  on  Chip- 
pewa Square.  In  1839  the  edifice  was  enlai-ged, 
during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  J.  G.  Binney.  The 
improvements  cost  about  $40,000.  The  church 
still  worships  in  this  house. 

Pastors  of  the  First  church  from  1800  to  1847 : 
Henry  Ilolcombe,  D.I).,  Wm.  B.  Johnson,  D.l)., 
Benjamin  Screven,  .James  Sweat,  Thomas  Meredith, 
Henry  0.  AVyer,  Josiah  S.  Law,  Chas.  B.  Jones, 
J.  G.  Binney,  Henry  0.  Wyer,  Albert  Williams. 

On  the  4th  of  February,  1847,  the  church  divided, 
Rev.  Albert  AVilliams  pastor,  after  which  the  two 
branches  were  known  as  the  First  and  Second  Bap- 
tist churches,  though  the  first  never  changed  its 
name.  The  Second  Baptist  church  dissolved  on 
the  6th  of  February,  1859,  and  reunited  with  the 
old  church,  and  invested  its  improvements  on  the 
church  building  and  in  the  purchase  of  the  pastor's 
home. 

The  pastors  of  the  First  church  from  1847  to 
1859  were  AUiert  Williams,  Joseph  T.  Robert, 
Thomas  Rambaut,  J.  B.  Stitcler,  and  S.  G.  Daniel. 
Of  the  Second  church,  the  pastors  for  the  same 
time  were  Henry  O.  Wyer,  J.  P.  Tustin,  Henry  0. 
Wyer,  and  M.  Winston. 

After  the  reunion  the  church  called  Rev.  Syl- 
vanus  Landrum,  of  Macon,  Ga.,  in  November,  1859, 
and  in  the  December  following  he  settled  with  the 
church  as  pastor.  His  first  pastorate  terminated 
Oct.  1,  1871.  From  that  time  until  May  1,  1879, 
Timothy  Ilarley  was  pastor.  The  second  pastorate 
of  Dr.  Landrum  began  Sept.  1,  1879,  and  he  still 
occupies  the  position. 

The  deacons  now  acting  are  Wm.  II.  Stark,  -John 
B.  Howard,  Charles  W.  West,  Robert  N.  Reed, 
David  B.  Morgan,  and  Wm.  0.  Van  Vorst.  The 
membership  is  about  500.  The  church  has  adopted 
the  New  Hampshire  Confession  of  Faith  and  the 
covenant  attached  to  it. 

Sawtelle,  Henry  Allen,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Sid- 
ney, Me.,  Dec.  1  i ,  1832.  Until  he  was  sixteen  years 
of  age  he  lived  on  a  farm.  He  then  fitted  for  col- 
lege at  W.aterville,  under  the  tuition  of  J.  II.  Han- 
son, LL.D.  He  entered  what  is  now  Colby  Uni- 
versity in  1850,  and  graduated  with  the  honors  of 
his  class  in  1854.  Immediately  on  graduating  he 
was  appointed  tutor  in  his  alma  mater,  and  held 
the  office  for  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  he  en- 
tered the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and 
graduated  in  regular  course  in  1858.  Soon  after 
leaving  Newton  he  was  ordained  and  became  pas- 


SAWYER 


1031 


SA  WYER 


tor  of  the  church  in  Limerick,  Me.  lie  remained 
here  but  one  yeiir  when,  having  received  an  ap- 
pointment from  the  Missionary  Union,  he  resigned 
the  pastorate  of  the  Limerick  churcli,  and  sailed 
for  tli<^  field  of  his  destination  in  China,  Oct.  5, 
1859,  and  joined  the  mission  amoni;  the  Tie  Chin, 
established  near  Swatow.  Here  he  remained  until 
severe  illness  compelled  him  to  resign  his  position 
in  the  fall  of  1S61.  In  1862  he  became  the  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  San  Francisco, 
and  in  this  and  the  Union  Sf(iiare  Baptist  church 
of  the  same  city  he  performed  a  continuous  pas- 
toral service  of  fourteen  and  a  half  years.  While 
living  in  San  Francisco,  besides  performing  his 
ministerial  duties,  he  edited  the  Evnmjel  for  three 
years  jointly  with  Rev.  D.  B.  Cheney,  D.D.,  and 
edited  and  published  the  Spare  Hour  for  the  same 
length  of  time.  At  the  termination  of  his  minis- 
try in  San  Francisco,  Dr.  Sawtelle  returned  to  his 
Eastern  home  with  the  highest  testimonials  of  his 
ability  and  success  as  a  minister  of  Christ.  In 
1877  he  accepted  a  call  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Gary  Avenue  church  in  Chelsea,  which  position  he 
now  holds. 

Dr.  Sawtelle  has  made  diligent  use  of  his  pen 
during  his  ministerial  life.  Besides  the  numerous 
articles  he  published  while  he  was  editing  the 
Evanrjel  and  the  Spare  Hour,  be  issued  a  volume 
entitled  "  Things  to  Think  of,"  a  valuable  work 
in  theology  and  literature.  While  pursuing  bis 
studies  at  Newton,  at  the  suggestion  of  Prof. 
Hackett  he  prepared  and  published  in  the  Chris- 
tian Review  an  extended  article  on  the  "  Straussian 
Theory."  He  has  also  been  an  occasional  con- 
tributor to  the  Jiiblio/heca  Saern  and  the  Baptist 
Quarterly,  and  is  one  of  the  writers  of  the  new 
Commentary  on  the  New  Testament  to  be  pub- 
lished under  the  sujiervision  of  Dr.  Ilovey,  by  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 

The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was 
conferred  upon  Dr.  Sawtelle  by  Hillsdale  College, 
Mich.,  in  1S74. 

Sawyer,  Artemus  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  West 

Ilanovcr,  Vt.,  and  graduated  at  Oartinoutb  College 
in  the  clUss  of  lfi-17.  lie  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  Newton,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1853. 
He  was  ordained  in  December,  1853.  For  six  years 
he  was  professor  in  Acadia  College, — -1855-61 ; 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y., 
three  years, — 1861-04.  Dr.  Sawyer  retired  from 
the  active  duties  of  the  pastorate  in  1864,  and  be- 
came principal  of  the  New  London  Literary  .and 
Scientific  Institution,  which  position  he  held  for 
five  years, — from  1864  to  1869, — when  he  was  ap- 
pointed president  of  Acadia  College.  He  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Colby  Uni- 
versity in  1807.  He  is  one  of  the  most  useful  men 
in  the  Maritime  Provinces. 


.\RTEMIIS    W.   SAWVER,   D.D. 

Sawyer,  Conant,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Monkton, 
Vt.,  May  23,  1805  :  converted  and  baptized  in  early 
life  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1826  ;  ordained  in 
1829  in  Keesville,  N.  Y.  ;  was  settled  as  pastor  in 
Jay,  Schenectady,  Lowville.  Canton,  Gloversville, 
and  Bedford,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Randnlph,  Mass.  Large 
gatherings  of  souls  have  followed  his  ministry.  In 
1869  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
His  present  field  of  labor  is  Albion,  N.  Y. 

Sawyer,  Rev.  E.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mil- 
ford,  Oaklan.l  Co..  Mich.,  Dec.  18,  1843.  Professed 
religion  when  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  the  Rev.  .lohn  Bootbe.  lie  was  mainly 
educated  at  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  :  graduated  at  La 
Grange  College,  Mo.,  in  1870,  and  from  the  Baptist 
Union  Theological  Seminary  of  Chicago  in  1873. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Kirkwood, 
Mo.,  and  he  is  now  jiastor  at  Macon  City.  Mr. 
Sawyer  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  La  Grange  College  in  1879.  He  has 
just  been  appointed  vice-president  of  La  Grange 
College.  He  is  a  man  of  culture  and  talent,  and 
he  enjovs  the  confidence  of  all  who  know  bini. 

Sawyer,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  born  in  Iloosick, 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  22,  1770.  and  was  left  an  orphan  at  the 
age  of  fourteen.  In  1781)  he  removed  to  Monkton, 
Vt.  The  whole  country  being  little  better  than  a 
wilderness,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  toils  of  a 
pioneer's  life.  Here  the  young  man  lived  until 
be  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  In  1793  be 
was  hopefully  converted.  .\ll  his  relatives  were 
Congregationalists,    and     he    himself    had    been 


SAXTON 


1032 


SCAMMON 


sprinkled  in  infancy.  He  was  not  satisfied,  how- 
ever, with  receiving  a  traditional  faith,  and  after 
examining  tlie  subject  became  a  deoidccl  Baptist, 
and  united  with  ten  otiiers  in  the  formation  of  a 
Baptist  cliurch,  of  whicli,  although  tlie  youngest 
member,  he  was  made  the  deacon.  In  1797  the 
church  of  which  he  was  a  member  urged  him  to 
enter  tlie  Christian  ministry.  lie  heard,  as  he  be- 
lieved, liesides  the  call  of  the  churcli,  tliat  liigher 
call  of  the  Spirit  of  God,  upi)n  whicli  our  Baptist 
fathers  hiid  so  much  stress,  and  lie  would  not  resist 
that  call.  His  ordination  occurred  June  29,  1799, 
and  he  remained  the  pastor  of  the  church  in  Monk- 
ton  for  tliirteen  years.  In  addition  to  his  home 
work,  he  performed,  as  was  the  custom  of  the  min- 
isters of  his  day,  no  small  amount  of  missionary 
labor,  and  we  arc  told  that  "'  many  of  the  large  and 
flourishing  churches  in  the  northern  counties  of 
New  York  were  gathered  through  his  instrumen- 
tality. He  was  generally  sent  out  by  the  Associa- 
tion to  which  he  belonged,  and  was  absent  from 
home  si.x  or  eight  weeks  at  a  time.  He  was  accus- 
tomed as  long  as  he  lived  to  revert  with  great  sat- 
isfaction to  these  missionary  labors  as  having  been 
among  the  most  pleasant  and  successful  of  his 
whole  ministry.'' 

Mr.  Sawyer's  pastorate  at  Monkton  closed  in 
1S12.  Having  passed  a  year  in  Fairfield,  he  spent 
the  next  four  years  at  Orwell,  and  was  greatly 
prospered  in  bis  ministry  there.  In  181S  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  in  Brandon,  and  re- 
mained here  for  seven  years,  when  he  removed  to 
Bethel,  supplying  the  church  in  that  place  and 
acting  for  a  |iart  of  the  time  as  an  agent  of  the 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
His  next  settlement  was  in  Westport,  N.  Y.,  where 
during  his  pastorate  of  six  years  he  baptized  150 
persons.  On  leaving  Westport  he  preached  in  sev- 
eral places,  being  but  a  short  time  in  any  one  of 
them.  His  death  occurred  Sept.  3(1,  1847.  Up- 
wards of  1100  persons  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Saw- 
yer during  his  ministry,  and  "  among  them  a  greater 
number  who  became  ministers  than  have  been 
baptized  by  any  other  pastor  in  Vermont."  Five 
of  bis  own  sons  became  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
The  name  of  a  servant  of  Christ  so  active  and  so 
useful  deserves  to  be  held  in  everlasting  remem- 
brance. 

Saxton,  J.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Northumber- 
land Co.,  Pa.  ;  ba)itized  in  December,  183.5,  and  was 
soon  after  licensed  by  the  Sbamokin  church.  He 
entered  Madison  University,  and  graduated  with 
honor  in  1.S45.  During  his  college  course  be  spent 
sixteen  months  at  Somerville,  N.  J.,  organized  ii 
church  there,  and  built  a  house  of  worship.  He 
was  pastor  at  Towanda,  Pa.,  where  he  was  or- 
dained, at  Lancaster,  supply  to  the  Fourth  church, 
Philadelphia,   and   pastor  at   Hightstown,   N.   J., 


until  1852.  He  went  to  California  as  home  mis- 
sionary, arriving  at  Sau  Francisco  Jan.  11,  1853. 
He  organized  and  was  pastor  of  the  churches  at 
Stockton  three  years,  Oakland  and  Brooklyn  four 
years,  Healdsburg  seven  years,  and  has  been  pas- 
tor at  the  seat  of  the  college,  at  Vacaville,  two 
years,  where  he  was  president  of  the  college  board 
and  librarian  for  the  college;  has  labored  at  Bed 
Bluff,  and  is  now  pastor  at  (iraml  Island.  He 
is  a  strong  preacher,  a  good  moderator,  having 
presided  over  the  San  Francisco  and  other  Asso- 
ciations. He  has  done  much  mission  work  in  Cal- 
ifornia, organizing  many  churches  and  building 
houses  of  worship.  In  war  times  he  collected 
?12,00O  in  aid  of  the  Sanitary  Cmiimission.  For  a 
considerable  time  he  edited  the  Esmeralda  Daily 
Union,  and  served  as  superintendent  of  public  . 
schools.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Cal- 
ifornia College  in  1878.  Nearly  1000  persons  have 
been  converted  under  his  ministry,  600  havingbeen 
baptized  by  himself.  Few  men  in  California  have 
done  more  hard  work  or  been  more  successful  than 
Dr.  Saxton. 

Scammon,  Mrs.  Rachel  T.,  a  native  of  Reho- 
both,  Mass.,  married  a  Mr.  Scammon,  of  Stratham, 
N.  II.,  about  1720.  She  was  a  decided  Baptist, 
and  cared  nothing  for  the  opposition  of  the  Pedo- 
baptists  among  whom  her  new  home  was  located. 
Backus  says,  "  The  country  around  her  was  so  full 
of  prejudices  against  Baptist  principles  that  in  forty 
yeai's  she  could  gain  no  more  than  one  person  to 
join  with  her  therein,  and  that  was  a  pious  woman 
in  the  neighborhood  who  traveled  fifty-five  miles  to 
Boston,  and  was  baptized  by  Elder  Bound.'' 

Mrs.  Scammon  had  such  a  desire  to  have  others 
enlightened,  that  having  obtained  Norcott's  "  Plain 
Discourse  upon  Baptism,"  she  carried  it  to  Boston 
with  a  design  to  get  it  reprinted  at  her  own  cost, 
but  when  she  came  to  a  printer  about  it  be  in- 
formed her  that  he  had  then  1 10  copies  of  that  book 
on  hand  ;  whereupon  she  purchased  them  all,  and 
came  home  and  gave  them  away  to  her  acquaint- 
ances and  to  any  persons  who  would  accept  them  ; 
by  which  means  they  were  scattered  through  the 
country  and  among  poor  people  in  new  plantations. 
.She  often  said  to  her  pious  neighbors  that  "  she 
was  fully  persuaded  that  a  church  of  Christian 
Baptists  would  be  formed  in  Stratham,  though  she 
might  not  live  to  see  it.  This  came  to  pass  soon 
after  her  death,  and  the  like  happened  in  other 
places."  (History  of  the  Baptists,  by  Backus,  ii. 
107-69.     Newton.) 

Chiefly  through  one  of  Mrs.  Scammon's  copies 
of  Norcott's  work  Dr.  Samuel  Shepard  became 
a  Baptist  and  a  Baptist  minister,  and  Baptist 
churches  were  formed  in  Stratham,  Brentwood,  and 
Nottingham,  of  which  Dr.  Shepard  became  the 
pastor;  and  he  founded  branch  churches  in  more 


SCANDINA  VIAX 


1033 


SCARFF 


than  a  dozen  places  in  tlie  region  around,  and  at 
one  time  had  more  tlian  a  thousand  churcli  niem- 
hers  under  his  care.  "Thus,''  as  Uaclcus  Bays, 
''  Mrs.  Scaninion's  bread,  cast  upon  tlie  water, 
seems  to  have  Ijpen  found  after  many  days,  the 
l;ooks  tliat  she  freely  dispensed  beiti;;  picked  up 
and  made  useful  to  many." 

Had  Mrs.  Scanimon  been  a  weak  woman  she 
wi>iild  have  saerifiired  lier  Baptist  principles  and 
juined  some  Pcdoliaptist  community.  .She  no 
doubt  regularly  attended  a  Con;^regationaI  cliurcli  : 
this  was  her  manifest  duty  ;  but  she  always  pro- 
tested aj!;ainst  tlieir  infant  baptism  in  modest  Chris- 
tian words,  and  by  refusing  to  unite  witli  them. 
And  tlioiif^h  her  arguments  seemed  to  licar  little 
fruit,  tlie  book  she  circulated  was  greatly  blessed 
of  God.  The  Baptist  church  of  Allentown,  Pa., 
was  founded  by  a  lady  a  member  of  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  of  Philadelphia,  who  for  a  time  wor- 
shiped with  the  excellent  Presbyterians  of  that 
town.  And  as  she  felt  that  she  could  not  and 
ought  not  to  sacrifice  her  Baptist  principles — her 
Saviour's  teachings — for  anything  under  heaven, 
she  enlisted  aid  and  commenced  a  Sunday-school, 
out  of  which  grew  a  flourishing  church,  from  which 
two  little  churches  sprang  and  set  up  their  banner 
in  Bethlehem  and  ('atasauqua.  Many  Baptist 
women  have  honored  the  Saviour  in  this  way. 

Scandinavian  Baptists  in  the  United  States. 
— In  1S52  nine  .Swedish  Baptists  arrived  in  Amer- 
ica. The  first  Swedish  Baptist  churcli  in  this 
country  was  formed  in  Hock  Island,  111.,  Aug.  13, 
1.S52 ;  it  had  only  three  members.  In  IH.^.")  Swe- 
dish churches  were  organized  at  Houston  and 
Scandia,  Minn.  In  1850  the  first  Danish  Baptist 
church  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  was  established 
at  Raymond,  Racine  Co.,  Wis.  In  1857  a  Swedish 
church  was  gathered  atOalesburg,  111.  In  Chicago 
the  first  Swedish  church  was  founded  Aug.  19, 
1866;  it  began  with  36  members,  and  it  now  num- 
bers nearly  3UU.  A  little  before  1866  the  first 
Danish  church  was  constituted  in  the  same  city. 
Small  churches  have  gradually  sprung  up  in  all 
the  States  in  which  a  Scandinavian  population 
exists. 

In  Minnesota  a  vigorous  State  t'onference  was 
early  formed,  one  in  Illinois  followed,  then  one 
each  in  Eastern  Iowa,  in  Nebraska,  in  Western 
Iowa,  and  in  Dakota,  and  preliminary  steps  have 
been  taken  for  a  similar  organization  in  Kansas. 
Two  years  since  a  General  Convention  of  all  the 
Swedish  Baptists  in  America  was  established.  The 
Danish  and  Norwegian  Baptists  have  a  similar  in- 
stitution. 

In  1871,  Rev.  Dr.  J.  A.  Edgren  commenced  the 

publication  of  a  monthly  Swedish  Baptist  papef. 

About  the  same  time  Dr.  Edgren  began  a  course  of 

instruction  for  Scandinavian  ministers,  in  connec- 

6G 


tion  with  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  of  Chi- 
cago, as  its  Scandinavian  department.  From  this 
school  twenty-nine  ministers  have  gone  forth,  rep- 
resenting Sweden,  Norway,  and  Denmark.  These 
brethren  have  been  faithful  laborers,  and  some  of 
them  have  been  very  successful  in  winning  souls 
to  Jesus. 

Religious  tracts,  pamphlets.  an<l  books,  written 
by  Dr.  Edgren,  have  been  )uiblishcd  in  the  Swedish 
language.  A  Danish  graduate  ol'  the  department, 
N.  P.  Jensen,  has  done  excellent  service  to  the 
cause  among  the  Danes  as  a  translator,  publisher, 
editor,  and  pastor.  The  Danish  monthly  is  edited 
by  Rev.  P.  II.  Dam,  and  the  Swedish  by  Rev.  E. 
Wingren. 

There  are  now  80  Scandinavian  churches  in  the 
United  States,  with  5000  members.  These  churches 
are  located  as  follows:  in  New  York  City,  1  ;  in 
Boston,  1  :  in  Illinois,  6:  in  Michigan,  6;  in  Wiscon- 
sin. 10;  in  Minnesota,  38;  in  Iowa.  4;  in  Dakota, 
.") ;  in  Nebraska.  7  ;  in  Kansas,  4 ;  and  in  Missouri,  1. 
Of  the  500lt.  351)0  are  Swedes;  of  the  remainder, 
the  Norwegians  are  but  a  small  minority. 

The  Scandinavian  emigration  is  large,  and  new 
fields  for  mission  work  among  them  are  rapidly 
increasing ;  the  demand  for  laborers  is  greater 
than  can  be  supplied.  Dr.  Edgren  is  the  distin- 
guished leader  of  these  pious  and  thriving  commu- 
nities. Other  brethren  of  talent  and  consecrated 
lives  are  working  nobly  for  the  Master,  and  the 
approval  of  Jesus  rests  conspicuously  upon  these 
godly  ministers  and  the  communities  of  which  they 
are  the  chosen  leaders. 

Scarboro,  Hon.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Wake  Co., 
N.  C,  in  .Si-ptciiiber.  1842;  served  as  a  soldier 
through  the  war ;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  Col- 
lege in  1869:  has  taught  school  for  several  years, 
and  is  now  the  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, having  been  elected  to  that  office  in  1876. 

Scarff,  E.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1821.  In  1841  he  entered  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Granville  College,  O..  and  graduated  in 
1847.  After  teaching  a  year  in  Jefferson.  0.,  he 
entered  the  theological  department  of  Madison 
University,  N.  Y.,  and  gr.aduatcd  in  1850.  lie 
was  ordained  at  New  Carlisle,  O..  July  18,  18,50. 
For  two  years  he  had  clmrge  of  Judson  College, 
West  Jefferson,  O.  He  was  pastor  at  (iailipolis, 
and  afterwards  at  Delphi,  Ind.  In  1854  he  came 
to  Iowa,  and  took  charge  of  the  academic  de- 
partment of  the  Central  University  at  Pclla.  The 
university  was  just  starting  into  life,  and  he  was 
its  first  teacher,  and  continued  his  labors  as  teacher 
for  over  twenty  years,  much  of  this  time  serving  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  town. 
He  still  resides  in  Pella,  disabled  in  body,  but 
strong  in  mind,  patient  and  cheerful  in  suffering 
God's  will,  and  awaiting  his  pleasure. 


SCHAEFFKR 


1034 


SCHOFIICLD 


Schaeffer,  Prof.  Hermann  Moritz,  was  bom 

An;:.  --.  183'.),  in  Laiie,  Lippo-Dt'tnioUl,  (iermany. 
IK'  gi'iiduiiteJ  at  the  rectoi-al  scliool  (academy)  in 
Jiis  native  place.  In  his  fifteenth  year  he  emi- 
grated to  this  country.  In  Boston,  where  he  first 
fixed  his  abode,  he  pursued  studies  in  the  English 
language  at  evening  schools,  while  following  a 
mercantile  career.  In  the  year  1857  he  was  con- 
verted and  baptized  by  Rev.  Wm.  Ilowe,  joining 
the  Union  Baptist  church  at  that  place.  In  185S 
he  removed  to  New  York,  where  he  joined  the 
Second  German  Baptist  church.  Feeling  prompted 
to  devote  his  life  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  he 
went  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1S60,  and  pursued 
studies  at  the  University  of  Rochester,  and  in  tlie 
German  and  English  departments  of  Hochester 
Theological  .Seminary.  After  preaching  for  the 
German  chuixhes  in  Holland,  N.  Y.,  and  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Ger- 
man Baptist  church  in  New  York  Cfty.  During 
his  efficient  pastorate  the  church  erected  its  present 
excellent  house  of  worship.  After  six  years  of  pas- 
toral labor  in  New  York,  Mr.  .Schaeffer  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  Biblical  literature  in  the  German 
department  of  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in 
the  year  1872.  AVhile  engaged  in  teaching.  Prof. 
Schaeffer  succeeded  in  procuring  the  present  Ger- 
man Students'  Home  at  the  cost  of  S20,000.  By 
his  energy  the  larger  proportion  of  that  sum  has 
already  been  obtained,  and  the  building  bids  fair 
to  be  free  from  debt  very  soon.  Mr.  Schaeffer  has 
also  been  very  active  in  establishing  a  German- 
American  Academy.  Perfect  in  health  and  un- 
tiring in  labor,  Prof.  Schaeffer  has  been  very  u.se- 
ful  in  the  German  work  in  this  country,  and  his 
old  days  are  yet  before  him. 

ScMsm  Bill,  The. — See  Corporation  and  Test 
Acts. 

Schofield,  Rev,  James,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Penn 
Yan.  Yates  Co..  N.  Y.,  June  7,  1801.  He  removed 
to  Chautauqua  County  when  eighteen  years  of  age  ; 
made  a  profession  of  religion  in  1826  ;  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  in  1835  ;  was  pastor  in  Sinclairs- 
ville  until  1842.  He  married  into  the  family  of 
John  McAllister, — Miss  Almira  for  his  first,  and 
Miss  Caroline  for  his  second  wife.  Of  these  mar- 
riages six  children  are  now  living, — Lieut.  C.  Scho- 
field, Col.  G.  W.  Schofield,  and  Maj.-Gen.  J.  W. 
Schofield,  all  of  the  U.  S.  army,  and  two  of  them 
graduates  of  West  Point,  also  Rev.  J.  \.  Schofield, 
D.D.,  of  St.  Louis,  and  two  daughters.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  removed  to  Illinois  in  1843; 
labored  for  many  years  in  the  cause  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society  ;  built  houses  of  worship  in  Free- 
port,  Galena,  and  Rossville,  111.  He  removed  to 
Missouri  in  1867.  In  Southwest  Missouri  thirteen 
houses  of  worship  have  been  built  through  his  in- 
strumentality, one  of  which  is  in  Dallas  County, 


his  home,  called  Schofield  chapel.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  board  of  the  Baptist  college  at  Bolivia,  Mo. 
He  is  now  in  his  eightieth  year,  awaiting  his  ap- 
piiinted  time  till  the  change  comes. 

Schofield,  J.  v.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  4.  1825.    He  was  converted  in  1843, 


J.  y.  scnoFiEi.D,  n.i). 

and  baptized  by  Rev.  Oiin  Dodge  in  Lake  Chau- 
tauqua. In  1.S44  he  reuiovcd  to  Chicago,  and  by 
invitation  spent  two  years  in  the  familj'  of  Dr. 
L.  D.  Boone,  and  commenced  studying  for  the  min- 
istry. In  1847  he  entered  Madison  University,  and 
in  1850  Rochester  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1852,  and  also  from  the  Theological  Seminary  in 
18.54.  Dr.  Schofield  was  ordained  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  in  1854.  and  was  the  first  )iastor  of  the  new 
Chestnut  Street  Baptist  church  of  that  city.  In  the 
four  year.s  of  his  pastorate  181  joined  the  church. 
In  1858  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Quincy,  III.  In  his  four  years'  pastorate 
here  150  united  with  the  church.  In  18(12  he  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  Third  Ba)itist  church, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  for  seven  and  a  half  years  was 
the  efficient  and  beloved  minister  of  this  church. 
It  was  a  critical  period.  Civil  strife  divided  fami- 
lies and  former  friends,  yet  under  his  wise  admin- 
istration the  church  prospered.  The  present  edi- 
fice was  built  at  a  cost  of  S50,000.  Dr.  Schofield 
inaugurated  the  movement,  and  raised  nearly  all 
the  money.  The  house  was  dedicated  May  12, 
1866.  During  his  pastorate  the  whole  amount  was 
nearly  paid  and  the  balance  provided  for,  and  the 
church  took  rank  with   the  first  churches  in   the 


SCHULTE 


1035 


SCOTT 


city.  In  I8G9  he  took  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
cliurch  of  I>es  Moines,  Iowa.  In  one  year  their 
house  of  \¥Orship  was  completed  and  a  debt  of 
^•3000  provided  for,  then  a  revival  followed  for 
three  months,  in  which  eighty  were  baptized,  forty 
of  whom  were  heads  of  families. 

In  1^71  he  became  pastor  at  New  Britain,  Conn. 
In  four  and  a  half  years  there  were  31)5  additions, 
22j  by  baptism,  150  of  whom  were  immersed 
durin;;  the  last  six  months. 

In  ISTO  lie  removed  a^ain  to  .St.  Louis,  and  Novem- 
ber fj  became  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Baptist  church, 
his  present  field.  By  his  persistent  labors  much 
has  been  done.  The  edifice  has  been  thoroughly 
repaired,  debts  paid,  and  the  church  improved, 
financially,  socially,  and  spiritually.  In  May,  IS80, 
La  Grange  College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  i>f  Divinity,  and  June  24  of  the 
same  year  Chicago  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  same  degree.  Dr.  Schofield  is  a  clear  thinker 
and  an  able  preacher,  he  is  an  earnest  and  effi- 
cient pastor,  has  bajitized  over  000  persons,  and  he 
has  held  many  successful  meetings  with  neighbor- 
ing pastors.  Ilis  works  comiuend  him,  and  bis  re- 
ward is  sure. 

Schulte,  Rev.  G.  A.,  was  born  in  Neustadtgo- 
dens,  East  Frisia,  Germany,  Nov.  .30,  183S.  His 
parents  were  pious  Lutherans,  who  instructed  him 
in  the  way  of  salvation  from  his  earliest  yontii.  In 
the  year  1850  he  came  to  this  country  with  his 
parents,  who  settled  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  When 
twenty  years  of  age  he  was  converted,  and  being 
baptized  in  April,  18.58,  he  was  received  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  German  Baptist  church  in 
Buffalo.  Feeling  the  call  of  God  within,  he  entered 
the  German  department  of  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1860.  After  pursuing  theological 
studies  for  three  years,  he  yielded  to  an  urgent  call 
from  the  Second  German  Baptist  church,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  lie  was  ordained  in  October.  18(5.3.  After 
-serving  this  church  acceptably  as  pastor  for  eight 
years,  Mr.  Schulte,  by  the  choice  of  his  brethren, 
was  made  general  missionary  and  evangelist  of  the 
Eastern  German  Baptist  Conference.  After  filling 
this  res])onsil)le  position  faithfully  for  two  years 
lie  returned  to  the  pastorate,  accepting  a  call  from 
the  First  (iermun  church.  New  York  City.  Since 
then  he  has  been  its  efficient  and  loved  pastor.  Mr. 
Schulte  enjoys  the  esteem  and  affection  of  his  Ger- 
man brethren  throughout  the  land.  He  is  closely 
identified  with  all  the  interests  of  the  German 
work,  being  the  active  secretary  of  the  Missionary 
Committee  of  the  F.astern  German  Baptist  Confer- 
ence. His  presentations  of  the  gospel  are  clear, 
forcible,  and  instructive,  his  tact  is  admirable,  and 
his  services  in  the  general  work  make  him  one  of 
the  most  valuable  men  in  the  German  ministry. 
Scotch  Baptists. — See  E.\gi.isu  B.vttists. 


Scott,  Rev.  Jacob  Richardson,  was  born  in 

Boston,  March  1.  Isl.'j.  liis  pri-paratory  studies 
for  college  were  pursued  at  South  Heading,  now 
Wakefield,  Mass.  He  entered  Brown  University 
in  1832.  After  his  graduation  in  1830,  he  spent 
two  years  in  teaching,  at  the  end  of  which  time  lie 
became  a  student  at  the  Newton  Theological  Insti- 
tution. He  graduated  at  Newton  in  1842.  and  was 
immediately  ordained  and  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Market  Street  Baptist  church  in  I'etersburg,  Va. 
For  several  years  he  was  the  minister  of  this 
church,  and  then  became  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Hampton,  Va.  Such  was  his  reputation 
as  a  preacher  that  he  was  chosen  chaplain  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  and  had  the  honor  of  having  a 
re-election  to  the  office  at  the  close  of  his  one  year's 
service,  being  the  first  clergyman  who  for  a  second 
year  was  invited  to  fill  the  important  position.  At 
the  end  of  this  second  engagement,  he  found  his 
health  so  shattered  that  he  concluded  to  return 
North.  He  had  the  charge  of  churches  in  Portland, 
Me.,  Fall  Hivei*.  Mass.,  Rochester  and  Yonkers, 
N.  X.  During  all  this  period  his  health  was  pre- 
carious, and  he  concluded  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  give  up  the  ministry.  Accordingly  he  resigned 
iiis  office  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Yonkers  and 
removed  to  Maiden,  Mass.,  where,  having  received 
an  appointment  as  superintendent  of  schools,  he 
performed  his  duties  in  that  capacity  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  took  place  Dec.  10,  ISCI. 
"  In  every  part  of  his  career,"  says  Prof.  Gammell, 
"he  won  the  confidence  and  respect  of  all  with 
whom  he  was  connected,  and  proved  himself  a 
faithful  and  useful  minister  of  the  gospel.  His 
only  publications  are  a  few  hymns  and  several 
articles  in  the  magazines  of  the  day." 

Scott,  Rev.  Kemp,  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Va.,  June,  17".»1.  His  father  died  when  he  was  a 
child.  He  came  to  Kentucky  when  nineteen  years 
of  age,  and  lived  in  Barren  County.  In  1820  he 
confessed  Christ,  and  was  soon  after  ordained.  In 
1824  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  lived  in  Cooper 
County.  Then  there  were  30  ministers  in  the 
State  and  2000  members.  He  preached  east  and 
west  from  St.  Louis  to  Leavenworth.  He  was 
pastor  of  Mount  Pleasant  church  nineteen  years. 
He  aided  in  constituting  fifteen  churches,  and  bap- 
tized about  1500  persons. 

In  1804  he  removed  to  Carroll  County,  and  was 
pastor  of  Bethel  church.  When  the  war  broke  out 
he  arranged  to  have  a  meeting  at  his  own  house, 
and  he  preached.  All  his  children  had  profes.scd 
faith  in  Christ,  ami  one  was  a  successful  minister. 
At  this  meeting  a  grandson  was  converted,  and  the 
aged  grandfather  went  trembling  into  the  stream 
and  baptized  him.  This  was  the  last  act  of  his 
life.    April  12,  1864,  he  died. 

"  Soldier  uf  Cliriat,  well  done  I" 


SCOTT 


1036 


SCRUGGS 


Scott,  Rev.  Winfield,  was  born  in  AV'est  Novi, 
Mich.,  Fell.  20,  1>37  :  son  of  Jas.  B.  and  Margaret 
E.  Scott :  converted  and  baptized  at  Farmer,  N.  Y., 
in  February,  1853 ;  graduated  at  Kocliester  Uni- 
versity, N.  Y.,  in  1859,  and  from  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1S61  ;  ordained  as  pastor  of 
Second  church,  Syracuse,  X.  Y'.,  in  December. 
18G1;  raised  a  company  and  was  commissioned 
captain  in  U.  S.  Volunteers  in  1862,  and  was  in 
active  service  in  Second  Army  Corps  of  the  Poto- 
mac until  wounded  and  discharged,  in  Oi-tobcr,  1864. 
In  1805  he  became  pastor  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
building  there  a  house  of  worship  costing  $05,000. 
The  church  grew  under  his  six  years'  pastorate 
from  19  to  250  memV)ers.  He  organized  three  other 
churches  near  Leavenworth,  built  three  meeting- 
houses, and  baptized  .lOO  converts.  From  January, 
1872,  to  September,  1875,  he  was  pastor  at  Denver, 
Ool.,  and  built  a  meeting-house  and  parsonage  cost- 
ing $20,000  ;  the  church  increased  from  40  to  nearly 
300  members.  In  1875  he  removed  to  California, 
and  edited  the  Evangel  from  February  to  October, 
1876,  when  he  resigned  this  work  and  became  pas- 
tor at  Los  Angelos  one  year,  during  which  50  were 
added  to  the  church.  In  1878  he  was  for  a  time 
associate  pastor  of  the  Metropolitan  church,  San 
Francisco.  He  afterwards  supplied  the  Petaluma 
and  the  Central  Oakland  churches,  and  in  Febru- 
ary, 1880,  became  pastor  at  San  Jos^,  where  in 
four  months  60  new  members  were  added  to  the 
church,  of  whom  48  were  baptized.  He  is  an  earn- 
est worker,  a  faithful  preacher,  and  ready  writer, 
fully  devoted  to  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Screven,  Charles  0.,  D.D.,  son  of  Gen.  James 
Screven,  who  was  killed  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  was  born  in  1774,  and  was  baptized  at  twelve 
by  Dr.  Furman,  at  Charleston,  S.  C.  lie  was 
licensed  by  the  Charleston  church  in  1801,  and 
began  to  preach  at  Sunbury.  his  large  patrimony 
lying  in  Bryan  Co.,  Ga.  He  was  ordained  by  Dr. 
Furman,  Mr.  Botsford,  and  Mr.  Clay,  of  .Savannah, 
in  1804,  and  from  that  time  until  disabled  by  dis- 
ease, in  1829,  he  labored  faithfully  and  most  ably 
as  the  pastor  of  Sunbury  church.  Compelled  to 
resign,  on  account  of  cancer  in  the  eye.  May  10, 
1829,  he  expired  July  2,  1831,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
seven.  He  did  a  vast  amount  of  good  during  his 
ministerial  life,  and  his  name  is  still  held  very 
precious  in  the  region  where  he  lived. 

Screven,  Rev.  Wm.,  was  the  founder  and  first 
pastor  of  the  Charleston,  S.  C.  church.  "  He  was 
a  native  of  England,  where  he  was  born  about  the 
year  1629.  When  he  settled  at  Piscataway,  N.  H., 
cannot  be  ascertained.  The  sufierings  which  he 
and  his  brethren  endured  in  that  place  drove  them 
to  seek  an  asylum  in  the  more  tranquil  regions  of 
the  South.  After  his  removal  to  .South  Carolina, 
the   Baptist  church  in  Boston  sent  for  him  to  be 


their  pastor.  His  answer,  dated  June,  1707,  con- 
tains this  passage,  'Our  minister,  who  came  from 
England,  is  dead,  and  I  can  by  no  means  be  spared. 
It  is  a  great  loss,  but  the  will  of  the  Lord  is  done.' 
Aug.  6,  1708,  he  wrote  to  them  as  follows,  '  Our 
society  are  for  the  most  part  in  health,  and  I  hope 
thriving  in  grace.'  He  wrote  "  An  Ornament  for 
Church  Members,'  which  was  printed  after  his 
death.  In  the  latter  part  of  his  life  Mr.  Screven 
removed  to  Georgetown,  about  sixty  miles  to  the 
north  of  Charleston,  where  he  died  in  peace  in 
1713,  having  arrived  at  the  good  old  age  of  eighty- 
four  years.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  original 
proprietor  of  the  land  on  which  Georgetown  is 
built."  Some  of  his  descendants  still  live  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  State. 

Scrivenor,  Rev.  Thomas,  a  noted  and  emi- 
neutly  useful  preacher  of  Southern  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  Rowan  Co.,  X.  C,  Feb.  25,  1775.  He  re- 
moved to  Kentucky  in  1796,  and  the  same  year 
united  with  Tate's  Creek  Baptist  church,  in  Madi- 
son County.  After  residing  in  a  number  of  locali- 
ties he  settled  in  Barren  County,  where  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1827,  and  in  1829  w.is  or- 
dained to  the  ministry  in  the  fifty-fifth  year  of  his 
age.  Within  less  than  a  year  after  his  ordination 
he  founded  three  churches,  all  of  which  he  served 
until  advanced  years  unfitted  him  for  pastoral 
work.  He  was  also  pastor  of  Dover  church,  near 
his  home.  Besides  ministering  to  four  churches, 
he  preached  among  the  destitute  and  the  feeble 
churches  in  his  own  and  the  adjoining  counties 
with  great  success.  Although  he  began  his  work 
late  in  life,  he  is  supposed  to  have  baptized  over 
2500  people.  He  was  moderator  of  Barren  River 
Association  fifteen  years.  He  resigned  bis  pastoral 
charges  in  1858,  and  died  in  great  [jeace  July  16, 
1864. 

Scruggs,  Rev.  John,  was  a  citizen  of  Monroe 
Co.,  Tenn.,and  for  many  years  pastor  of  M.idison- 
ville  and  Mount  Harmony  churches,  and  others. 
He  was  a  good  pastor  and  a  man  of  education. 
He  was  a  close  Bible  student  and  a  fine  reasoner. 
He  had  m.nny  aide  and  learned  discussions  with 
Methodists  and  Presbyterians,  lie  was  regarded 
by  the  Baptists  as  their  standard-bearer.  He  has 
been  dead  about  ten  years. 

Scrnggs,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky. 
Mr.  Scruggs  studied  at  Georgetown  and  Bethel 
Colleges,  Ky.,  and  at  William  Jewell,  Mo.  He 
came  in  1855  to  Missouri  with  his  father,  and  set- 
tled in  Clay  County.  He  entered  the  Southern 
army  for  a  year.  He  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1871. 
He  professed  religion  in  1873,  and  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  D.  T.  Morrell  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  of  .St.  Louis.  He  has  ren- 
dered valuable  services  to  this  church  through  bis 
wise  counsels  and  generous  gifts.     His  integrity 


SEA  Git  A  VE 


1037 


SEARS 


and  business  capacity  give  hini  high  standing  in 
circles  of  trade  ;  his  devotion  and  benevolence  give 
him  influence  as  a  Christian. 

Seagrave,  Rev.  Edward,  was  bom  in  Chester, 
Vt.,  .July  lo.  IT'.'T.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  of  the  class  of  1822,  and  studied  the- 
ology under  Kev.  Calvin  Park,  D.I).,  a  professor  in 
the  university,  and  was  ordained  at  Scituate,  Mass., 
March  30,  1830.  He  served  two  or  three  other 
churches,  and  for  several  years  performed  mission- 
ary labors  in  Kansas.  The  last  sixteen  years  of 
Iiis  life  were  passed  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  As  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  place 
he  greatly  endeared  himself  to  his  brethren  by  his 
unaffected  Christian  humility  and  his  readiness  to 
perform  such  service  as  he  could  render  to  the 
cause  of  Christ.  He  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  and 
departed  with  the  respect  and  love  of  all  who 
knew  him.  His  death  occurred  in  Pawtucket, 
Aug.  18,  1877. 

Searcy,  Rev.  James  B.,  a  prominent  minister 
in  Arkansas,  was   born  in  Alabama  in   1838  ;  in 


^tvc^ 


REV.  JAMES    li.  SE.VRCV. 

18.i7  removed  to  Bradley  Co.,  Ark.  :  was  ordained 
ill  1800;  and  wivi  chaplain  of  the  2r)th  Ark.  Regi- 
ment in  the  Confederate  army.  In  1872-73  he 
traveled  over  the  State  as  superintendent  of  mis- 
.sions  and  ministerial  education  ;  has  filled  the  im- 
portant pastorates  of  Warren  and  Monticello,  but 
Ills  labors  have  been  mostly  confined  to  country 
churches ;  wrote  for  Arkansas  liuptist.  and  at- 
tracted attention  as  a  vigorous  writer  and  clear 
reasoner  ;  wrote  one  year  for  Central  Baptist,  St. 


Louis,  Mo. ;  a  regular  contributor  to  The  Baptist, 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  for  ten  years;  corresponding 
editor  of  Western  Baptist;  at  present  Arkansas 
editor  of  The  (Memphis)  Baptist.  He  is  a  very 
able  minister  and  a  devoted  Christian. 

Searle,  Rev.  David,  of  Puritan  stock,  was  bom 
in  Vermont  in  17'.'"^.  He  removed  to  Western  New 
York,  and  married  Emily,  daughter  of  Hon.  .la.-!. 
McCall.  His  family  were  Pedobaptists,  but  when 
converted  he  united  with  a  Baptist  church  in  Rush- 
ford  in  1825.  In  1830  he  was  licensed  ;  he  studied 
at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institu- 
tion ;  was  ordained  in  Ilushford  in  1831.  He 
preached  in  Morrisville  and  vicinity.  Studied  and 
supported  himself,  so  that,  though  a  husband  and 
father,  he  was  never  a  beneficiary.  He  graduated 
in  1833,  and  dedicated  himself  to  the  home  mission 
work  in  Western  New  Ynrk  ;  was  pastor  in  Spring- 
ville  and  Boston  ;  was  Sunday-school  agent,  then 
p.astor  again  in  Springville,  Portage,  Franklin- 
ville,  and  Arcade.  Afterwards  he  wiis  for  many 
years  agent  for  the  Home  Mission  Society,  his  field 
being  Western  New  York  and  Eastern  Ohio,  West- 
em  Pennsylvania,  Northwest  Virginia,  and  Canada 
West.  In  his  declining  years  he  went  to  Missouri. 
He  died  suddenly  in  1801,  aged  si.xty-three. 

.Judge  Rowden,  of  Maries  Co.,  Mo.,  ■writes :  "  He 
was  a  man  of  extensive  information.  His  argu- 
ments were  logical,  and  always  explanatory.  He 
was  a  devoted  Christian,  and  said  on  his  death-bed 
he  had  long  been  ready  whenever  it  should  be  the 
will  of  God  to  call  him  home." 

Sears,  A.  D.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Fairfax  Co., 
Va.,.Jaii.  1,  I8(U.  In  1828  he  married  Annie  B. 
Bowie,  who  is  still  alive.  Two  years  ago  they 
celebrated  their  golden  wedding  in  Clarksville, 
Tenn.,  where  they  have  long  resided.  The  occ.i- 
sion  was  one  of  festive  joy.  the  venerable  pair  re- 
ceiving many  attentions  and  valuable  presents. 
They  are  both  in  good  health,  and  he  ministers 
regularly  to  the  Baptist  church  in  Clarksville, 
where  he  has  been  eminently  useful  in  building 
up  the  cause  of  Christ.  He  has  a  large  active 
meml)ership,  who  greatly  admire  him,  and  give 
him  a  bountiful  support.  He  has  been  the  pastor 
of  but  three  churches, — one  at  Louisville,  Hop- 
kinsville,  and  Clarksville.  He  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful both  as  an  evangelist  and  pastor,  having 
baptized  about  2O00  persons.  He  took  charge  of 
the  church  in  Clarksville,  in  .January.  1866.  It 
then  numbered  25  members.  It  now  numbers  225, 
or  more.  They  have  built  a  handsome  church  edi- 
fice at  a  cost  of  §25.{X)0. 

The  doctor,  though  seventy-six  years  old,  walks 
erect,  and  is  full  of  vigor  and  elasticity,  promising 
many  more  years  of  useful  service  in  the  Master's 
vineyard. 

Sears,  Barnas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  boru  in  San- 


SEARS 


1038 


SECRETARY 


disfield,  Mass.,  Nov.  19,  1802.  After  a  tlioroiigh 
preparation  in  the  best  scliools  in  the  vicinity  lie 
entered  Brown  University,  and  graduated  with 
the  highest  honors  of  the  class  in  1825.     He  en- 


BARXAS    SEARS,  D.D.,   I.L.D. 

tered  upon  and  completed  his  theological  cour.se  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  Mass.  After 
leaving  the  seminary  he  became  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  wliioh  rela- 
tion he  remained  two  years.  In  1829  he  accepted 
a  professorship  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  The- 
ological Instituticm  (Madison  University),  wliere  he 
remained  until  ISS.'H,  when  he  went  to  Germany 
for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  his  studies.  While 
there  he  baptized  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Oncken,  whose 
zealous  and  self  denying  labors  have  been  so  abun- 
dantl}'  blessed  in  the  spread  of  a  pure  Christianity, 
and  in  the  gathering  together  of  so  large  a  Baptist 
membership.  On  his  return,  his  ripe  and  thorough 
scholarship  led  to  hi.s  choice  as  a  professor  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Seminary,  of  which  he  was 
also  for  several  years  president.  In  1848  he  was 
chosen  secretary  and  executive  agent  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts board  of  education,  in  which  position  his 
wide  and  varieil  experience  of  metliods  of  education 
in  Europe  made  him  especially  useful.  In  August 
of  1855  he  was  elected  president  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, in  which  position  he  gave  new  life  and 
vigor  to  the  institution,  and  elevated  its  standard 
of  scholarship.  In  1867  he  became  the  general 
agent  of  the  Peabody  education  fund,  which  re- 
spon.sible  position  he  held  until  his  death  in  1880. 
Dr.  Sears  resided  for  a  number  of  years  at  Staunton, 


Va.,  greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him.  In 
1841  Harvard  College  conferred  upon  him  tlie 
degree  of  D.D.,  and  Yale,  in  1802,  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  Dr.  Soars  published,  in  1844,  "  Ciceroniana, 
or  the  Prussian  -Mode  of  Instruction  in  Latin  :"  in 
1S4('),  "  Select  Treatises  of  Martin  Luther  in  the 
Original  German,'"  with  valuable  philological 
notes;  in  1850,  '"Life  of  Luther,"  with  special 
reference  to  its  earlier  periods  and  the  opening 
scenes  of  the  Reformation  ;  and  in  1854  a  revised 
edition  of  Hoget's  "  Thesaurus."  He  also  edited 
for  several  years  The  Christian  Review,  in  wliieh 
may  be  found  some  very  valuable  papers  written 
by  himself  In  tlie  large  yearly  assemblies  of  the 
denomination  Dr.  Sears  rightfully  held  a  conspicu- 
ous place  in  view  of  his  wide  experience  and  his  at- 
tachment to  the  tenets  of  our  churches. 

Sebree,  Capt.  Uriel,  a  native  of  Orange  Co., 
Va.,  was  born  -luly  15,  1774;  left  an  orphan  at 
the  age  of  ten  years.  Soon  after  the  death  of  his 
father  he  went  to  live  with  his  uncle,  Cave  John- 
son, in  Boone  Co.,  Ky.  He  commanded  a  com- 
pany in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  in  the  disastrous 
battle  of  River  Raisin,  where  he  was  made  a  pris- 
oner. He  returned  to  Kentucky  and  served  several 
sessions  in  botli  branches  of  the  Legislature.  In 
1819,  Capt.  Sebree  was  sent  on  an  expedition  to 
Council  Blutfs  with  government  stores,  which  <luty 
ho  performed  with  great  satisfaction.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  similar  service  in  1820.  lie  was  a  man 
of  great  skill  and  perseverance.  He  was  for  years 
receiver  of  public  moneys  in  the  land-office  at  Fay- 
ette, Mo.,  and  in  all  these  stations  he  had  the  rep- 
utation of  an  upright  and  efficient  man. 

As  a  Christian  he  was  marked  for  consistency 
and  usefulness.  He  became  a  memlier  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church  in  early  life,  and  for  more  than  fiirty 
years  took  an  active  part  in  all  the  interests  of  the 
denomination.  He  co-operated  in  the  organization 
of  the  General  Association,  frequently  was  its  mod- 
erator. His  house  was  a  home  for  his  brethren. 
He  died  May  18,  18.5.3. 

Secretary,  Christian,  the  Baptist  weekly  pub- 
lished at  Hartford,  Conn.,  was  first  issued  Feb. 
2,  1822,  for  the  Connecticut  Baptist  Missionary 
Society ;  in  1824  it  was  transferred  to  the  Con- 
necticut Baptist  State  Convention,  then  organized  ; 
in  1829  it  was  given  to  the  Christian  Secretary 
Association,  which  conducted  it  till  July,  1837, 
Deacon  Philemon  Canfield,  publisher;  the  first 
editor  was  Rev.  Elisha  Cushman,  Sr.,  two  years; 
tlien  Rev.  Gurdon  Robins,  five  years;  then  Deacon 
Canfield,  the  acting  editor.  In  July,  1837,  it  was 
united  with  the  Gospel  Wihiess,  a  paper  of  New 
York,  which  movement  gave  dissatisfaction  ;  in 
March,  1838,  on  the  return  of  Rev.  E.  Cushman, 
Sr.,  to  Hartford,  it  was  resuscitated,  he  becoming 
editor  and  proprietor,  and  on  his  death,  Oct.  26, 


SEDGWICK 


1039 


SEGER 


1838,  his  son,  E.  Cushman,  Jr.,  continued  it  till 
July,  1840.  Norniand  Burr,  in  cunipany  witli 
Walter  vS.  Williams,  and  later  with  Almond  A. 
Smith,  edited  and  published  it  till  1850,  when  Mr. 
Burr  became  sole  proprietor,  and  so  remained  till 
his  death,  Dec.  5,  1861.  Rev.  E.  Cushman,  Jr., 
■who  in  July,  1801,  became  associate  editor,  on  Mr. 
Burr's  death  became  editor  and  proprietor,  and 
continued  such  till  his  death,  Jan.  4,  1876,  when 
S.  D.  Phelps,  D.D.,  succeeded  him  in  ownership  and 
editorship,  who  still  has  charge  of  the  paper.  It 
was  at  first  a  sheet  16  liy  19  inches ;  it  was  enlarged 
in  18124,  and  again  by  Sir.  Cushman,  Sr.,  in  1838, 
and  still  further  by  IJr.  Phelps;  it  now  measures 
28  by  42  inches ;  it  is  true  to  the  denomination 
and  holds  a  high  rank  for  ability. 

Sedgwick,  Rev.  George  Cook,  was  born  in 
Calvert  Co.,  Md.,  Nov.  3,  ITS.").  Reared  in  the 
Church  of  England,  but  at  an  eai'ly  age  became  a 
Baptist.  Leaving  a  successful  business  to  enter 
the  ministry,  he  took  a  course  of  study  under  Dr. 
Wm.  Staughton  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Hart- 
wood  church,  Va.,  but  being  attracted  to  the  West, 
removed  to  Zanesville,  0.,  in  1820,  where,  in  1821, 
he  organized  the  First  Baptist  church,  and  re- 
mained its  pastor  for  sixteen  years.  During  this 
pastorate  he  taught  a  select  school,  and  published 
a  monthly  paper  called  'Die  Regular  Baptist  Mis- 
cellany, probably  the  first  Baptist  paper  published 
in  Ohio.  He  was  also  instrumental  in  establishing 
the  Meigs'  Creek  Association,  and,  in  company  with 
bis  brother,  William  Sedgwick,  and  with  brethren 
Dale,  McAvoy,  Spencer,  Calver,  Rees,  Berkley,  and 
others,  traveled  most,  and  he  laid  tlie  foundation 
of  Baptist  churches.  The  Ohio  State  Convention 
was  born  in  his  church,  and  he  aided  largely  in 
the  establishment  of  Granville  College.  After 
leaving  Zanesville,  in  1837,  he  served  churches  in 
Kentucky  and  West  Virginia,  Init  in  his  later  years 
returned  to  Ohio,  where  he  died  Aug.  25,  1864. 
lie  was  a  man  of  large  influence,  and  his  name  is 
widely  revered. 

Sedgwick,  Rev.  William,  A.M.,  brother  of 
Geoi-ge  Ciiok  Sedgwick,  was  born  in  Calvert  Co., 
Md.,  Feb.  7,  1790;  baptized  in  1812  by  Rev.  Jere- 
miah Moore.  Like  his  brother,  left  a  successful 
business  to  enter  the  ministry,  and  fitted  himself 
for  his  life-work  by  a  course  of  hard  study,  pur- 
sued under  the  greatest  difficulties.  Was  ordained 
pastor  of  Bethel  church,  Va.,  Oct.  21,  1821,  to 
which  place  he  returned  after  a  short  pastorate  at 
the  Xavy-Yard  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  In 
November,  1823,  went  to  Ohio,  and  took  charge 
of  a  large  school  in  Cambridge,  where  he  organ- 
ized a  church,  and  preached  in  all  the  regions 
round  about.  In  1S2S  he  removed  to  Salt  Creek, 
Muskingum  Co.,  0.,  preaching  not  only  at  Salt 
Creek,  but  at  Brooktield  and  McConnellsville  and 


many  other  places.  In  1837  he  succeeded  his 
brother  George  as  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Zanesville,  and,  after  two  years,  took  charge  of 
the  Adamsville  church,  where  he  labored  for 
eighteen  years. 

During  his  long  ministry  of  fifty-sis  years,  forty- 
three  years  of  which  were  spent  in  Muskingum  Co., 
0.,  Mr.  Sedgwick  baptized  over  1000  persons.  He 
was  greatly  interested  in  the  missionary  and  educa- 
tional enterprises  of  Ohio,  and  assisted  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Meigs'  Creek  Association  in  1825  and 
the  State  Convention  in  1826.  He  died  Nov.  30, 
1871,  revered  and  mourned  by  old  and  young.  A 
son,  Rev.  G.  C.  Sedgwick,  of  Martin's  Ferry,  0., 
succeeds  him  in  the  work  of  the  gospel. 

Seely,  Hon.  Alexander  McL.,  was  bom  in 

St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in  1^12  ;  commenced  to 
attend  Baptist  preaching  in  1N3.');  was  subsequently 
converted,  and  was  baptized  with  eighteen  others 
at  ludiantown  liy  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Robinson, 
March  25,  1842;  was  deacon  in  Portland  church, 
and  Germain  Street  church,  St.  John,  and  is  now 
deacon  in  Leinster  church  in  that  city.  Became  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1854,  and  is  now 
president  of  the  popular  branch  (if  the  New  Bruns- 
I  wick  Legislature.  He  is  conscientious,  urbane,  and 
faithful  in  the  performance  of  all  his  church  and 
public,  duties. 

Seemuller,  Mrs.  Anne  Moncure,  daughter  of 
Wm.  Crane  and  Jean  Crane,  and  great-grand- 
daughter, on  her  mother's  side,  of  Thomas  Stone, 
a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Jan.  7,  1838.  She  was  edu- 
cated with  superior  advantages  in  the  city  of  her 
nativity^.  She  early  gave  herself  to  literary  com- 
position, contributing  to  the  Galax;/  and  other  pe- 
riodicals. Three  novels  of  remarkable  characteris- 
tics are  from  her  pen, — "  Emily  Chester,''  "  Oppor- 
tunity,'' and  "  Reginald  Archer."  She  married  Mr. 
Augustus  Seemuller,  of  New  York.  Her  health 
failing,  she  went  to  Stuttgart,  Germany,  where  she 
died  Dec.  10,  1877.  She  early  became  a  member 
of  Dr.  Richard  Fuller's  church  in  Baltimore,  and 
died  in  its  communion.  Her  remains,  as  well  as 
her  husband's,  repose  beside  her  father's,  in  Green 
Mount  Cemetery,  Baltimore. 

Seger,  Rev.  John,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1786. 

He  was  baptized  in  the  North  River,  in  April, 
1803 ;  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  New  York,  June  17,  1813.  He  took 
charge  of  the  Highlstown  church  in  May,  18IS. 
Here  he  spent  the  vigor  of  his  manhood.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  pastor  of  this  church ; 
during  part  of  this  time  he  was  also  the  pastor  of 
the  Hamilton  Square  church.  Great  spiritual 
awakenings  followed  his  ministry.  Many  were 
led  by  him  into  the  light.  Large  portions  of  New 
Jersey,  from  the  Delaware  to  the  const,  were  trav- 


SELLERS 


1040 


SEMPLE 


ersed  by  him  in  preaching  Jesus,  lie  was  moder- 
aior  of  the  first  State  Convention  of  New  Jersey, 
held  at  Nottingham  Square,  in  1830.  lie  was  set- 
tled for  a  time  at  Lambertville,  subsequently  on 
Long  Island.  From  this  time  he  lived  in  retire- 
ment, among  the  people  of  his  first  love.  He  was 
a  godly  man,  whose  life  was  made  beautiful  by  the 
Saviour's  presence.  He  died  in  a  good  old  age, 
Nov.  15,  US7U,  leaving  the  heritage  of  a  blessed 
memory. 

Sellers,  Rev.  T.  G.,  principal  of  Starkville, 
Miss.,  Institute,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1S31 ; 
began  to  preach  in  Alabama  in  IHoO,  and  graduated 
at  Union  University,  Tenn.,  in  18.54;  two  years 
jiastor  at  Athens,  Ala.  ;  since  1857  has  supplied 
the  church  at  Starkville,  Miss.  ;  has  been  several 
times  moderator  of  the  Columbus,  Miss.,  Associa- 
tion ;  in  18G9  established  the  Starkville  Female 
Institute,  which  ranks  among  the  first  schools  in 
the  State. 

Semple,  Robert  B.,  D.D.,  the  youngest  son  of 
John  Semple  and  Elizabeth  (Walker)  Semple,  was 
born  at  Hose  Mount,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va., 
Jan.  20,  1769.  His  father  dying  while  he  was  still 
an  infant,  he  was  left  to  the  faithful  care  of  liis 
mother,  a  stanch  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
Church.  lie  was  educated  at  the  well-known 
academy  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Peter  Nelson,  and 
he  made  such  progress  in  his  studies  that  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  a  valuable  assist- 
ant teacher.  Having  finished  his  course  of  study 
here,  he  was  employed  as  tutor  in  a  private  family, 
and  at  the  same  time  entered  upon  the  study 
of  law.  At  this  period  he  was  troubled  with 
grievous  skeptical  views  as  to  religious  truth,  but 
through  the  prayers  of  an  humble  friend  who  was 
very  familiar  with  the  Bible,  and  with  whom  he 
held  many  conversations  and  protracted  arguments, 
he  was  led  to  realize  his  errors,  and  was  brought. 
by  the  grace  of  God,  to  feel  his  sinful  condition. 
Immediately  on  his  conversion,  he  felt  it  to  be  his 
duty  to  connect  himself  with  a  Baptist  church, 
although  the  denomination  in  his  neighl)orhood 
was  but  lightly  esteemed.  He  was  baptized  in  De- 
cember, 1789,  by  the  Rev.  Theodoric  Noel,  and 
joined  the  Upper  King  and  Queen  church.  He 
began  immediately  to  speak  for  Christ,  and  preached 
his  first  discourse  at  the  liouse  of  Mrs.  Loury,  Caro- 
line County,  December  24,  the  same  occasion  on 
whioji  the  Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus  made  his  first 
effort  at  preaching.  He  gave  but  little  evidence  at 
that  time  of  any  special  "  aptness  to  teach."  He  per- 
severed, however,  in  his  efforts,  and  when,  in  1790, 
the  Bruington  church  was  constituted,  Mr.  Semple 
became  its  pastor,  having  been  ordained  Sept.  26, 
1790.  This  church  he  served  until  his  death,  a 
period  of  forty  years.  In  1793  he  married  Miss 
Ann  Loury,  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Loury,  of 


Caroline  County,  and  settled  in  King  and  Queen 
County,  on  a  farm  named  "  Mordington,"  where 
for  many  years,  in  addition  to  preaching,  he  taught 
school.     Mr.  Semple  soon  became  one  of  the  most 


ROBERT    B.  SEMPI.E,  D.D. 

useful  and  popular  men  in  the  State.  He  made 
frequent  and  extensive  tours  throughout  lower 
Virginia,  strengthening  the  churches  and  proving 
a  great  blessing  to  the  people.  He  had  the  grat- 
ification of  baptizing  converts  frequently  and  in 
large  numbers.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Dover  Association,  and  its  efficiency  was,  in  a 
great  measure,  owing  to  his  zeal  and  labors  in  its 
behalf.  He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  cause  of 
missions,  and  was  one  of  the  first  in  Virginia  to 
advocate  their  claims.  He  enlisted  the  prayers  and 
labors  both  of  individuals  and  churches  in  them  ; 
attended  the  first  meeting  of  the  Baptist  General 
Convention  ;  was  an  active  friend  of  the  Richmond 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Society,  and  labored  for  the 
General  Association  of  Virginia.  Mr.  Semple  was 
also  an  ardent  friend  of  education.  At  a  very 
critical  period  in  the  varied  history  of  the  Columbian 
College  he  was  persuaded  to  become  its  financial 
agent  and  president  of  its  board  of  trustees.  He 
subjected  himself  to  numerous  inconveniences  in 
accepting  this  trust,  and  his  death  soon  after  frus- 
trated the  hopes  which  the  friends  of  the  college 
had  indulged  from  their  knowledge  of  Mr.  Semple's 
prudence  and  energy.  As  an  author,  he  won  tlie 
regards  of  the  denomination.  In  1809  he  puVjlished 
a  Catechism  for  the  use  of  children,  which  was  ex- 
tensively used  and  highly  commended.     In  1810 


SENTER 


1041 


SEI'ARATE 


his  "History  of  Virj^inia  Baptists"  was  imlilisliod. 
This  work  must  have  cost  the  author  much  time 
and  trouble,  but  it  conferred  an  important  benefit  on 
the  cliurches,  in  enablinj;  them  to  V)ecome  familiar 
with  each  other's  rise  and  progress,  and  in  its  tend- 
ency to  bind  them  more  closely  together.  This 
is  an  invaluable  volume.  He  also  wrote  a  biog- 
raphy of  the  lamented  Strauglian.  He  was  fre- 
quently called  on  to  write  the  circular  letters  of  the 
Dover  Association,  all  of  which  were  marked  by 
rare  excellence  of  style  and  matter.  As  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  Mr.  Semplc  was  eminently  success- 
ful. The  secret  of  his  usefulness  lay  in  his  great 
prudence  and  decision  of  character  ;  in  the  un- 
wearied diligence  with  wliich  he  discharged  liis 
ministerial  duties,  and  in  the  marked  practical 
character  of  his  preadiing.  No  one  knew  better 
than  he  how  to  counsel  persons  under  conviction 
of  sin,  or  how  to  advise  under  any  perplexing  cir- 
cumstances. His  congregations  were  always  large, 
because  he  never  failed  to  fill  bis  appointments  ; 
while  his  discourses  were  remarkable  for  appro- 
priateness, and  were  always  delivered  in  simplicity 
and  sincerity.  The  Kev.  Andrew  Broaddus,  wlio 
knew  him  intimately,  .s»id  of  him,  "  The  distin- 
guishing excellence  of  our  brother  in  his  minis- 
terial capacity  appeared  to  me  to  consist  in  a  fund 
of  knowledge  of  human  nature,  applied,  as  occa- 
sion called  for  it,  to  the  various  workings  of  the 
heart,  and  in  wliat  the  apostle  calls  "  instruction 
in  righteousness  ;'  or  an  exhibition  of  the  duty  and 
advantage  of  practical  godliMoss.  "  Mr.  Semple 
was  invited,  in  ISO.'),  to  become  the  president  of 
Transylvania  University,  which  honor  he  declined. 
In  1815  Brown  University  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  It  also  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  D.D.,  which  honor  was  also 
given  to  him  by  the  college  of  AVilliam  anil  Mary, 
both  which,  however,  he  felt  constrained  respect- 
fully to  decline.  He  died  Dec.  25,  1831,  and  "in 
his  removal,"  says  his  biographer,  "  the  whole  de- 
nomination sustained  a  los?.'' 
Senter,  Deacon  James  M.,  of  Trenton,  Tenn.. 

was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  V.  His  father 
removed  to  Tennessee  in  18.31.  He  professed  faith 
in  Christ  and  joined  Liberty  Baptist  church,  and 
was  baptized  by  Kev.  S.  P.  Clark  in  1840.  He 
united  with  the  Trenton  cliurch,  where  he  still  re- 
tains his  meml)ership,  in  1858.  He  was  ordained 
lo  the  deaconship  in  said  cluirch  in  February,  18t)0, 
which  position  he  still  holds,  to  the  pleasure  and 
profit  of  both  cliurch  and  ]iastor.  His  pastor.  Dr. 
M.  Hillsunm,  one  of  our  ablest  ministers,  speaks  of 
him  always  in  the  most  comjilimentary  terms.  It 
is  the  opinion  of  the  writer  that  he  has  but  few,  if 
any,  equals  as  a  deacon.  lie  is  the  deacons'  treas- 
urer. They  assess  the  membership,  the  amounts 
to  be  paid  quarterly,  the  sum  is  promptly  given, 


and  handed  over  to  the  pastor.  Everything  moves 
regularly  like  a  clock  ;  there  is  no  friction  in  the 
machinery.  If  all  our  churches  had  such  deacons 
our  ministers  would  all  fare  well.  Dr.  Ilillsman 
has  no  fears  that  his  salary  will  fall  short.  Deacon 
Senter  is  a  man  of  much  prayer,  consequently  ready 
for  every  good  word  and  work.  He  attends  our  an- 
niversaries, and  is  always  found  upon  important 
committees.  He  is  now  treasurer  of  the  Central 
Association.  He  not  only  works  and  gives  him- 
self, but  encourages  others  to  labor  and  give.  The 
churches  should  implore  the  Lord  from  day  to  day 
to  rai-i'  np  more  micIi  di'acons. 

Senter,  Deacon  William  M,,  was  bam  at  Lex- 
ington, Henderson  Co.,  Tenn.,  April  II,  1831.  He 
was  converted  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Blufi"  .Springs,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  .las. 
Hurt,  D.D.,  in  18.50.  In  1854  he  united  with  the 
church  at  Trenton.  Tenn.  He  united  with  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  .St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1870. 
He  was  elected  trustee  in  1871,  and  deacon  in  1878. 
He  is  now  president  of  the  financial  board  of  the 
church,  composed  of  deacons  and  trustees;  has 
been  treasurer  of  the  executive  board  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  of  the  State.  He  is  president  of 
the  Cotton  Compress  Company  of  St.  Louis.  By 
integrity,  energy,  and  skill  he  has  built  up  from 
small  beginnings  one  of  the  largest  establishments 
in  the  West.  He  is  a  man  of  .admirable  social,  re- 
ligious, and  benevolent  qualities.  Mr.  Senter  h:is 
given  thousands  of  dollars  to  our  Baptist  cause, 
and  he  is  a  pillar  of  strength  in  his  church  and  in 
our  denomination  in  the  city  and  State. 

Separate  Baptists.— When  George  Whitefield 
preached  in  New  England,  as  elsewhere,  many 
were  converted  to  God  :  and  ,is  in  the  State  Con- 
gregational churches  religion  was  in  a  vtry  low 
condition,  the  new  disciples  were  regarded  as  a 
strange  element,  except  by  those  in  them,  ministers 
or  laymen,  who  had  been  blessed  with  new  hearts. 
These  persons  for  a  time  were  called  Newlights: 
but,  as  their  treatment  by  the  old  religions  commu- 
nities was  cold  and  sometimes  unfriendly,  and  as 
the  truth  was  frequently  neither  loved  nor  preached 
in  the  chnrches  of  the  •'  standing  order,"  the  New- 
lights  established  religious  services  of  their  own, 
and  in  process  of  time  they  organized  churches, 
into  which  only  regenerated  members  were  re- 
ceived. 'These  communities  were  first  established 
about  1744,  and  they  were  pious  Congregational 
churches,  as  distinguisheil  from  the  formal  legal- 
ized bodies  of  the  State.  Baptists  and  Pedobaptists 
were  often  found  in  the  Separate  churches,  Isaac 
Backus  and  Shubal  .Stearns  were  ministers  among 
them.  This  union,  however,  was  not  permanent. 
The  Baptists  did  not  care  to  see  a  child  sprinkled 
in  a  church  to  which  they  belonged,  and  the  Con- 
gregationalists  were  not  happy  when  one  of  their 


SEPARATE 


1042 


SEVENTH-DAY 


believinjr  brethren  was  iminerseti.  Open  eominu- 
niun,  insteiid  of  fostcrini;  charrty,  promoted  dis- 
cord, and  ultimately  either  the  Baptists  or  the 
Congre»ationalists  withdrew  from  the  church  which 
they  had  formed  and  organized  another  on  the 
basis  of  the  truth  as  they  held  it.  Mr.  Stearns 
was  ordained  among  the  iSeparates ;  and  after  he 
h,id  been  immersed  and  oi'dained  as  a  Baptist  min- 
ister, impressed  with  what  seemed  to  him  the  call 
of  God  to  remove  far  to  the  West  to  perform  a  great 
work  for  lii.s  Master,  he  and  a  few  of  his  members, 
in  1754,  departed  from  Connecticut.  lie  stopped 
on  the  way  before  he  reached  the  home  selected  for 
him  by  the  providence  of  God,  Sandy  Creek,  Guil- 
ford Co.,  N.  C,  when,  on  Nov.  22,  IT.'j.O,  he  and 
his  companions  formed  a  church  of  si.xtcen  mem- 
bers.' The  first  Separate  church  in  Virginia  was 
constituted  in  17C0,  with  Dutton  Lane  as  its  pastor. 
Daniel  Marshall,  Dutton  Lane,  and  Col.  Samuel 
Ilarriss  enjoyed  extraordinary  success  in  their  min- 
istrations, converts  came  to  Christ  in  throngs, 
churches  were  constituted,  Associations  were 
formed,  the  first  of  which  was  established  among 
the  Separates  in  North  Carolina  in  175S.  In  1770 
there  were  but  two  Separate  churches  in  Virginia 
north  of  the  .James  River,  and  about  four  south  of 
it;  in  1774  there  were  thirty  south  and  twenty-four 
north  of  it  that  sent  letters  to  the  Association,  and 
there  were  probably  several  others  not  yet  identified 
with  the  Association.  The  ministers  traveled 
extensively  and  preached  everywhere.  Messrs. 
Ilarriss  and  Read  baptized  ~b  at  one  time  on  a 
preaching  tour,  and  in  one  of  their  journeys  they 
immersed  200.  Sometimes  the  floor  of  the  house 
where  the  meeting  was  held  was  covered  with  per- 
sons struck  down  with  conviction  of  sin,  and  fre- 
quentl.^  the  ministers  were  raised  up  at  night  to 
point  weeping  penitents  to  .Jesus.  A  torrent  of 
saving  grace  descended  on  Virginia,  North  Caro- 
lina, and  other  States  through  the  labors  of  the 
Separate  Baptists,  which  has  never  been  exceeded 
in  saving  power  in  one  section  of  country  since  the 
Saviour  ascended  into  heaven.  The  Separate  B.ip- 
tists  did  not  lay  so  much  stress  upon  an  educated 
ministry  as  their  Regular  brethren  ;  they  wci-e 
unwilling  for  a  time  to  be  bound  by  any  creed,  and 
finally,  only  with  explanations,  accepted  the  Phil- 
adelphia Confession  of  Faith  on  Aug.  10,  1787,  as 
one  of  the  terms  of  a  union  with  the  Regular 
Baptists,  consummated  at  that  time,  after  which 
the  Baptists  of  the  Old  Dominion  were  known  as 
the  United  Baptist  churches  of  Virginia.  The  Sep- 
arate Baptists  had  some  leaders  who  were  strongly 
inclined  to  Arminianism,  though  generally  they 
were  sound  on  the  doctrines  of  grace  ;  and  they 
were  for  a  time  regarded  by  their  Regular  brethren 
as  somewhat  loose,  and  lacking  in  order  in  their 
religious  meetings.     AVe   heartily  approve  of  the 


old  Calvinism  of  the  Regular  Baptists  oj  Virginia, 
and  as  heartily  commend  the  holy  fervor  and 
boundless  zeal  of  their  Separate  brethren.  United, 
they  have  planted  churches  all  over  Virginia, 
swept  out  of  existence  the  union  between  Church 
and  State,  and  secured  through  James  MadLson  and 
(ieorge  AVashingtiin  the  religious  amendment  to  the 
United  States  Constitution.  The  Separate  Baptists 
had  for  a  time  a  distinct  and  vigorous  existence  in 
several  other  States  besides  Virginia,  and  wherever 
they  were  found  they  were  the  most  aggressive  and 
successful  body  of  Christians  ever  known  in  our 
country.  No  efl'ort  or  sacrifice  stood  in  their  way 
where  souls  were  to  be  saved  or  Christ's  truth 
honored.  The  Separate  Baptists  were  divinely  pre- 
pared agents,  exactly  suited  to  the  people  among 
whom  they  labored  to  accomplish  a  gigantic  work 
for  God  and  for  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
vSouthcrn  and  Southwestern  States  of  this  country; 
and  whatever  may  have  been  their  deficiencies  as 
compared  to  their  Regular  brethren  of  their  own 
day,  or  to  the  Baptists  of  our  times,  they  are  worthy 
of  grateful  and  everlasting  remembrance  by  their 
present  successors  and  by  the  Saviours  friends  of 
every  name.  • 

Long  since  the  chasm  between  them  and  the 
Regular  Baptists  has  been  bridged,  and  the  two 
bodies  everywhere  are  now  one  in  name  and  in 
religious  principles. 

Settle,  Judge  Thomas,  Sr.— For  a  series  of 

years  Judge  Settle  was  the  moderator  of  the  Beulah 
Association.  He  was  born  in  Rockingham  Co., 
N.  C,  March  10.  17^9.  The  law  was  his  chosen 
profession,  though  he  was  a  politician  during  a 
part  of  his  life,  having  served  in  the  United  States 
Congress  in  1^17,  and  also  in  1819,  when  he  de- 
clined re-election.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Commons  of  North  Carolina  in  the  sessions  of 
1IS26-27,  and  in  1n:{2  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
Superior  Court,  which  office  he  filled  till  his  resig- 
nation in  lS,i4.  He  died  Aug.  7,  1858.  His  last 
official  position  was  that  of  chairman  of  the  court 
of  his  county.  lie  was  the  father  of  Hon.  Thos. 
Settle,  at  one  time  on  the  Supreme  Court  bench  of 
North  Carolina,  and  now  United  States  district 
judge  in  Florida,  and  of  Mrs.  Gov.  D.  S.  Reid. 

Seventh-Day  Baptists,  The,  are  distinguished 
from  the  Regular  Baptists  mainly  by  their  views  of 
the  Sabbath.  They  believe  that  the  seventh  day  of 
the  week  was  .sanctified  for  the  Sabbath  in  Paradise, 
and  was  designed  for  all  numkind  ;  that  it  forms 
a  necessary  part  of  the  Ten  Commandments,  and 
is  as  immutable  as  they  ;  that  it  was  not  changed 
by  divine  authority  at  the  introduction  of  Chris- 
tianity;  that  passages  in  the  New  Testament, 
speaking  of  the  first  day  of  the  week,  do  not  imply 
its  substitution  for  the  Sabbath,  or  its  appointment 
as  a  day  of  worship ;  that   early  Christiana  con- 


SEVENTH-DAY 


1043 


SHADRACIT 


tinued  to  observe  tlie  seventh  day  as  the  Sabbath 
till  tlie  edicts  of  emperors  and  decrees  of  councils 
suppressed  it;  that,  finally,  "  The  seventh  day  of 
the  week,  and  not  the  first,  oiisht  now  to  be  oli- 
served  as  the  Sabtiath  of  the  Lord  our  God.'' 
Notices  of  people  holdinj;  these  sentiments  are 
found  in  the  first  six  Christian  centuries,  also 
durinir  the  dark  period  iiiterveninj;  between  the 
establishment  of  papal  dominion  and  the  dawning 
of  the  Uefonnation.  In  the  seventh  century,  under 
Pope  Grei^ory  I.,  the  Sabbath  was  much  discussed, 
a  class  declarinj:  "  it  was  not  lawful  to  do  any  man- 
ner of  work  on  the  Saturday,  or  the  old  Sabbath." 
In  the  eleventh  century,  under  (irepiry  VII., 
the  same  was  preached.  In  the  twelfth  century 
there  existed  a  large  community  in  Loniliardy  who 
kept  the  seventh  day  as  the  Sabbath.  The  Refor- 
mation introduced  a  new  era.  In  the  sixteenth 
century,  Baptists  who  kept  the  seventh  day  were 
quite  common  in  Germany.  In  the  ben;iniiing  of 
the  seventeentli  century  they  made  their  appear- 
ance in  England,  but  did  not  begin  to  organize 
churches  until  1G50.  Within  fifty  years  from  the 
latter  date  there  were  eleven  Sabbatarian  churches 
in  England,  and  scattered  Sabbath-keepers  in  many 
parts  iif  the  kingdom.  Nine  of  the  eleven  churches 
have  become  extinct,  one  remaining  in  London  and 
one  at  Walton,  near  Tewksbury.  They  enjoyed  the 
ministry  of  distinguished  Dissenters,  as  Francis 
Bamfield,  founder  of  Cripplegate  church  in  London  ; 
Edward  Stennett.  ancestor  of  the  famous  Stennett 
family;  Joseph  Stennett,  author  of  the  reply  to 
Russen's  "  Fundamentals  without  a  Foundation, 
or  a  True  Picture  of  the  Anabaptists  ;"  Josepli 
Stennett.  D.D.,  and  Samuel  Stennett,  D.D.,  of  the 
Little  Wild  Street  Baptist  church  in  London. 

Seventh-Day  Baptists  made  their  appearance  in 
America  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. The  first  church  was  organized  at  Newport, 
R.  I.,  in  1671.  With  this  churcli  for  many  years 
united  the  scattered  Sabbatarians  in  Rhode  Island 
and  Connecticut,  the  pastors  holding  meetings  in 
distant  places.  In  1708  a  church  was  organized 
in  llopkinton,  R.  I.;  in  17S4,  another  in  Water- 
ford,  Conn.  There  are  now  eight  in  Rhode  Island 
and  two  in  Connecticut.  In  New  Jer.sey  the  first 
church  was  embodied  at  Piscataway  in  1705;  from 
this  sprang  tiie  church  at  Shiloh  in  1737.  Now 
there  arc  four  churches  in  that  State. 

In  New  York  there  are  thirty-three  churches. 
Tlie  church  at  Berlin  was  gathered  in  17S0,  and 
formed  a  branch  in  Stophentown,  and  then  a  eliurch 
at  Petersburg.  Then  followed  the  churches  at 
Adams,  and  at  Ilounsfield,  and  Brookfield.  in 
1797.  This  last  church  gave  rise  to  two  others  in 
the  same  town.  Then  there  are  churches  in  Ve- 
rona, AVatson,  Preston,  Otselie.  Linckhien,  De 
Ruyter,  and   Tiuxtuii.     One   in    New   Vnrk   City, 


twelve  in  Allegany,  Steuben,  and  Cattaraugus 
Counties,  and  several  others  in  Western  New 
York.  Churches  are  now  found  over  the  South  and 
West;  4  in  Pennsylvania,  G  in  West  Virginia,  2  in 
Ohio,  7  in  Wisconsin,  8  in  Illinois,  2  in  Iowa.  1  in 
Missouri,  1  in  Kanstus,  2  in  Nebraska,  4  in  .Minne- 
sota, and  I  in  Dakota  Territory.  There  are  also  2 
in  England,  previously  named,  1  in  Holland,  and 
1  in  China,  which  report  to  the  General  Confer- 
ence. 

The  Yearly  Meeting  in  America  was  early  es- 
tablished, which  gave  rise  to  the  General  Confer- 
ence, held  annually  in  September.  In  connection 
with  this  are  held  the  Missionary,  Tract,  and  Educa- 
tion Societies.  In  183.i  the  churches  organized  into 
Associations;  these  are  now  the  Eastern,  Central, 
Western,  Northwestern,  and  Southeastern.  The 
Missionary  Society  was  organized  in  1843.  oper- 
ating at  home  and  abroad.  Its  foreign  mission  is  lo- 
cated at  Shanghai.  China,  having  a  church,  chapel, 
and  dwelling-bouse.  The  foreign  work  is  conducted 
by  Rev.  David  II.  Davis  and  wife  and  Miss  E.  A. 
Nelson,  aided  by  two  native  preachers.  The  so- 
ciety has  a  charter  from  Rhode  Island,  and  is  lo- 
cated at  Westerly.  The  Tract  Society  manages 
the  denominational  issues,  and  publishes  the  weekly 
paper.  The  Salibalh  Recorder,  with  head(|uarters  .it 
Alfred  Centre,  N.  Y.  The  Education  Society  is 
located  at  Alfred  Centre,  and  largely  aids  the 
Alfred  University  at  that  place  in  carrying  on  its 
cla.ssical,  mechanical,  and  theological  instruction. 
The  Sabliath  Jlerorthr  was  established  in  IS44. 
The  denomination  also  publishes  a  Sabbath-school 
paper.  Much  of  the  substantial  history  of  the 
churches  and  ministers  may  be  found  in  the 
Seventh-Day  Baptist  Memorial, — a  quarterly.  The 
literature  of  the  denomination  is  fairly  represented 
in  the  volumes  published  by  the  Tract  Society.  In 
revival  ctforts  the  churches  and  ministers  very 
heartily  unite  with  the  laborers  of  other  evangelical 
denominations. 

The  following  statistics  are  taken  from  the  re- 
turns of  187'.':  Associations,.');  churches.  90 ;  or- 
dained ministers,  10.5  ;  total  membership.  8ti05. 

The  above,  somewhat  condensed,  is  from  the 
pen  of  a  leading  member  of  the  Seventh-Day  Bap- 
tist denomination.  The  editor  gives  it  as  an  ex- 
pression of  the  opinions  of  these  brethren,  not  as  a 
declaration  of  bis  views. 

Shadrach,  Wm.,  D.D. — This  name  is  a  house- 
hold wiird  among  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania. 
If  fidelity  to  truth,  earnest  convictions,  impassioned 
eloquence,  and  active  zeal  through  half  a  century 
entitle  a  clergyman  to  peculiar  prominence  among 
his  brethren,  such  prominence  must  be  awarded 
this  veteran  minister. 

Dr.  Shadrach  is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Welsh 
people,  of  whom  there  have  been  not  a  few  highly 


SHAILEB 


1044 


SHAILER 


distinguished  ministers  in  the  Stateof  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  born  in  Swansea,  Glamorjianshire,  South 
Wales,  Dec.  4,  1804,  and  came  to  America,  landing 
at  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  wlien  fifteen  years  of  age. 
After  spending  some  time  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  he 
removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  on  the  22d  of  May, 
lS2.i,  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Two 
Lick  Baptist  church,  Indiana  Co.,  by  Kev.  Thomas 
K.  Thomas.  lie  received  ordination  Dec.  10,  1828, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist 
church,  Westmoreland  Co.  From  this  date  to  1837 
he  served  with  much  acceptance  and  signal  success 
the  churches  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Loyalhannah, 
Peters'  Creek,  and  Alleghany  City.  In  1837  he 
settled  with  the  New  Market  Street  church  (now 
Fourth)  in  Philadelphia. 

After  a  service  of  more  than  three  years  he  ac- 
cepted the  agency  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
State  Convention  (now  the  General  Association), 
and  labored  with  great  success  for  three  years. 
After  a  brief  connection  with  the  Grant  Street 
church  in  Pittsburgh,  he  was  called  in  1844  to  the 
Fifth  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1847,  resigning  in  order  to  devote 
himself  to  the  work  of  assisting  to  found  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg.  For  six  years  he  devoted 
himself  with  untiring  energy  and  eminent  success  to 
this  great  undertaking.  In  1853  he  was  chosen  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society,  and  continued  in  this  service  until 
July,  1860.  In  that  year  he  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Madison  Uni- 
versity. In  1840,  and  also  in  1841  and  1846,  he 
was  elected  moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association. 

From  1860  to  the  present  date  Dr.  Shadrach  has 
led  an  active  life  as  a  pastor  of  several  important 
churches,  giving  also  ])ortions  of  his  time  to  the 
interests  of  the  denomination  at  large  in  labor  for 
the  Publication  Society  and  the  university.  In  a 
serene  old  age  he  is  still  honored  as  the  devoted 
pastor  of  the  church  in  the  county-town  of  Indiana, 
Pa.     Long  may  the  shades  of  night  be  deferred ! 

Shailer,  Rev.  Nathan  Emery,  son  of  Rev. 
Simon  Shailer,  a  stanch,  old-time  representative 
Baptist  minister,  who  left  an  excellent  record  in 
Iladdain,  Conn.,  where  he  died,  was  born  in  Ilad- 
dam,  June  17,  1803:  studied  in  Bacon  Academy, 
Colchester,  and  became  a  teacher  :  converted  under 
the  preaching  of  Rev.  William  Bentley ;  com- 
menced mercantile  life,  but  yielded  to  the  ministry  ; 
studied  theology  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  under  Dr. 
Kendrick,  with  the  missionaries  Haswell  and  Vin- 
ton as  fellow-students;  ordained  in  New  Britain, 
Conn.,  in  the  autumn  of  1829,  and  remained  three 
years;  in  1832  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Chesterfield,  which,  with  the  church  in  Volun- 
town,  he  served  three  years.     He  then  settled  with 


the  church  in  Preston,  where  lie  had  an  unusually 
happy  and  prosperous  pastorate  of  eight  years ;  in 
1844  was  chosen  State  missionary  by  the  Connec- 
ticut Baptist  State  Convention,  which  responsible 
position  he  filled  with  iidmirable  tact,  fidelity,  and 
success  for  thirty  years,  visiting  annually  iill  parts 
of  the  State,  and  laboring  with  feeble  churches  and 
in  destitute  regions;  held  protracted  meetings; 
orgiinized  churches ;  aided  ministers ;  collected 
funds ;  and  settled  difficulties.  He  was  unwearied 
in  his  devotion  ;  genial  and  ready ;  an  engaging 
preacher;  mighty  in  prayer  ;  wise  in  council ;  pure 
in  doctrine  and  in  life;  kind  to  all,  hut  firm  as  a 
rock  for  the  truth  ;  the  co-latiorer  of  Cook,  Denison, 
Bailey,  Steward,  Ives,  Swan,  and  Turnbull ;  full 
of  honors  and  virtues  as  of  years,  he  died  July  10, 
1879,  aged  seventy-six. 

Shailer,  William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ilad- 
dam,  Conn.,  Nov.  20,  1807.     Having  enjoyed  such 


WILLIAM    II.   SIIAII.ER,   D.D. 

advantages  as  could  be  secured  in  his  native  town 
for  obtaining  an  education,  he  began  to  teach  at 
the  early  age  of  seventeen.  His  desire  was  to  fit 
himself  eventually  for  the  profession  of  law,  but 
having  become  a  hopeful  Christian  all  his  life-plans 
at  once  underwent  a  change.  He  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  church  in  Deep  River,  Conn., 
and  soon  after  completed  his  preparatory  studies 
at  Hamilton.  He  then  entered  Madison  University, 
and  graduated  in  the  class  of  183.5.  While  pursuing 
his  studies  at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution 
he  was  chosen  principal  of  the  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution  at  Sufiield.     He  commenced  bis  labors 


SHALLKNBERGER 


1045 


SUA LLENBKRGER 


there  in  December,  183"),  teiichinf;  durinu  the  week 
and  preaching  on  the  Siihbiith.  He  was  ordained  as 
an  evangelist  at  Deep  Kiver,  Conn.,  Feb.  26,  1836. 
Having  occupied  the  position  to  which  he  had 
been  called  in  Suifield  for  nearly  two  years,  he  ac- 
cepted an  invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
chiircli  in  Brookline,  .Mass..  and  began  his  ministry 
there  Sept.  1,  1837.  For  si.xteen  years  and  a  half  he 
continued  pastor  of  that  church,  though  frequently 
invited  and  urged  to  accept  other  and  seemingly 
more  important  positions.  During  that  period  he 
was  connected  with  various  denominational  organ- 
izations,— was  ten  years  secretary  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Baptist  Convention,  thirteen  years  recording 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
nearly  eight  years  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Union,  and  was  connected  with  the 
boards  of  several  other  denominational  institutions, 
attending  their  meetings  with  great  regularity. 

In  March,  1S.')4.  l>r.  .'^hailer  became  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Porthmd,  Me.,  a  position  to 
which  lie  had  been  invited  twelve  years  liefore.  In 
18.58  he  became  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  Zioii's 
Advocate,  of  which  paper  he  was  the  publisher  for 
more  than  fifteen  years,  in  addition  to  bis  pastoral 
labors.  His  connection  witli  the  cliurcb  in  Port- 
land continued  for  the  unusually  long  period  of 
twenty-three  and  a  half  years.  He  resigned  his 
pastorate  in  1^77,  his  resignation  taking  effect 
August  1  of  that  year.  It  thus  appears  that 
Dr.  Sbailer  has  had  but  two  settlements  during 
forty  consecutive  years. 

Dr.  Sliailer  was  a  trustee  of  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  from  lS-18.  and  of  Colby  Uni- 
versity from  185.5.  The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Madison 
University  in  1853. 

He  resided  in  Portland,  active  in  various  ways 
in  promoting  the  cause  of  Christ  and  the  interests 
of  the  denomination  to  which  he  was  so  long  at- 
tached, and  enjoyed  the  respect  and  confidence  of 
his  brethren  and  friends  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred Feb,  23,  1881. 

Shallenberger,  Aaron  T.,  M.D.,  eldest  son  of 

.Vliriun  Sli:ill(Mil)crgcr,  was  Ixjrii  at  .Mount  Pleasant, 
Westmorchinii  Co..  Pa.,  Feb.  20.  IS25,  and  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  1842;  studied  medicine  in  the  office  of  W.  C. 
Reiter,  M.D.,  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  graduated 
at  .Jefferson  Medical  College.  Philadelphia,  March 
20,  184t)  ;  married  Miss  Mary  Bonbright,  of 
Youngstown,  Pa..  Sept.  1,  1S46:  removed  to 
Rochester,  Pa..  -Ian.  7,  1847,  where  he  has  since 
resided  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Rochester  and 
president  of  its  board  of  trustees.  He  has  been 
prominent  in  the  local  and  educational  interests  of 
the  county,  a  constant  reader  of  general  and  pro- 


fessional literature,  and  especially  interested  in 
scientific  investigations  and  discoveries. 

Shallenberger,  Deacon  Abram,  was  bom  in 
1797,  of  .Swiss  ancestry.  He  was  baptized  in  early 
Dianhood  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  married  Rachel  Newmyer,  and  settled  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  Pa.,  where  he  carried  on  an  extensive 
business  for  many  years  :  was  a  constituent  mem- 
ber of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church,  and  was 
elected  its  first  deacon  in  November,  1828.  which 
office  he  filled  until  lie  removed  to  Beaver  County 
in  18.56.  He  passed  away  very  suddenly  in  De- 
cember, 1868.  dropping  dead  while  walking  home 
from  church  at  New  Brighton,  Pa.,  where  he  bad 
greatly  enjoyed  a  communion  service. 

Deacon  Shallenberger  was  a  man  of  great  nat- 
ural endowment,  force  of  character,  and  informa- 
tion. He  found  time  for  much  study  and  general 
reading.  He  was,  indeed,  mighty  in  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  had  a  reason  for  the  faith  that  was  in 
him.  He  was  a  terse  and  vigorous  writer,  contrib- 
uting occasionally  to  the  religious  weeklies.  He 
was  active  in  everj-  good  work,  a  shining  light  in 
the  church,  a  tender  and  affectionate  husband  and 
father,  universally  esteemed  for  the  purity  and 
probity  of  his  character.  He  died  in  .'le  triumph 
of  the  Christian's  hope. 

His  wife,  a  noble  Christian  woman,  survived  him 
a  year  and  a  half,  then  fell  asleep  in  Jesus.  Twelve 
children  were  born  to  these  parents,  eight  of  whom 
are  still  living,  all  married,  teaching  their  children 
the  religion  of  .Jesus. 

Shallenberger,  Hon.  William  S.,  was  born  at 
Mount  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa..  Nov.  24, 
1839:  received  his  education  at  the  university  at 
Lewisburg ;  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church  in  1857;  en- 
listed, in  August,  1862,  in  the  140th  Regiment  Pa. 
Vols.,  in  which  be  was  afterwards  appointed  adju- 
tant;  was  wounded  slightly  at  Chancellorsville, 
and  severely  at  Gettysburg  and  at  the  Wilderness  ; 
was  discharged  from  the  service  on  account  of 
wounds. 

Since  the  war  he  has  been  active  in  business 
pursuits.  He  is  a  deacon  of  the  church  at  Roches- 
ter. He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Beaver 
County  Sundaj'-School  Institute.  He  has  been 
moderator  of  the  Pittsburgh  Association  for  the 
years  1877  and  1878,  and  he  gained  signal  reputa- 
tion for  his  judicious  rulings.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress  in  1876,  at  the  early  age 
of  thirty-seven,  from  the  twenty-fourth  district  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress  in  1878. 

He  married  Josephine,  daughter  of  Gen.  Thos.  J. 
Power,  of  Rochester,  in  1864. 

A  AVasbington  journal  represent-s  him  as  pos- 
sessing ••  a  reputation  for  personal  integrity  that 


SHANAFELT 


1046 


SlIANS 


has  sociired  foi-  him  the  esteem  and  confidence  of 
his  peers,  and  has  (;iven  him  an  intluence  witli  the 
various  departments  of  the  government  that  has 
made  liim  one  of  tlie  most  useful  members  of  the 


IIO.V.    WILLIAM    S.   SHALLEMIERGF.K. 

House  of  Representatives.  Tlicre  is  not,  we  ven- 
ture the  reinarlt,  a  more  industrious  or  painstaking 
man  in  Congress  at  this  time  than  Mr.  .Sliallen- 
berger,  a  more  obliging  representative,  or  a  more 
upright  Christian  gentleman."' 

Shanafelt,  Rev.  A.  H.,  passed  from  Inbor  to  the 
refreshing  bles^edncss  and  the  unbroken  rest  of 
heaven  in  1875.  Mr.  Shanafelt  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  he  died  when  about  forty  years 
of  age.  He  had  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  looked 
as  if  designed  by  the  Ci-eator  for  a  long  and  ardu- 
ous life. 

He  was  called  by  the  Spirit  into  the  kingdom  of 
grace  and  peace  in  early  life,  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Church  ;  but  he  soon  learned  the  truth 
more  perfectly  about  free-will  and  the  ordinance 
of  baptism,  and  he  was  immersed  on  a  profession 
of  his  faitli.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Lewisburg  Uni- 
versity. After  laboring  in  the  interior  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  settled  in  Chester  in  1.S07,  where  his 
efforts  were  sanctioned  by  the  divine  Spirit,  and 
where  the  laborer  was  tenderly  loved.  Few  men 
enjoyed  in  a  greater  measure  the  confidence  of  his 
brethren,  and  few  men  so  richly  deserved  it. 

Shannon,  Rev.  James,  a  distinguished  scholar, 
a  graduate  of  Belfast  College,  Ireland,  who  came 
to  Sunbury,  Ga.,  to  assist  Dr.  McWhirr  in  the 
academy.     He  became  a  candidate  for  the  ministry 


among  the  Presbyterians,  and  for  a  trial  thesis 
was  given  the  subject,  "  Did  John's  baptism  belong 
to  the  Jewish  or  Ciiristian  dispensation?"  His 
examination  of  the  subject  of  baptism  led  to  his 
becoming  a  Baptist,  and  he  was  baptized  bj'  Rev. 
C.  0.  Screven,  D.D.,  in  IS'i'J  or  1S23.  He  became 
the  successor  of  the  elder  Brantly,  as  pastor  of  the 
Augusta  church,  in  May,  1<S"26,  and  his  pastorate 
extended  through  three  and  a  half  years,  his  ac- 
ceptance of  tlie  ])rofessorship  of  Ancient  Languages 
in  the  State  University,  at  Athens,  causing  his 
resignation.  During  his  pastorate — in  tlie  year 
1827 — there  was  a  powerful  revival  in  the  church 
at  Augusta,  and  Mr.  Shannon  baptized  many,  who 
became  faithful  and  useful  church  members.  While 
at  Athens,  he  was  instrumental  in  the  organization 
(if  the  Baptist  church  in  that  city,  on  the  .jlstof 
January,  1S30,  and  was  elected  pastor  on  the  20th 
of  March  following.  This  relation  existed  until 
1835,  when  he  removed  to  Missouri,  and  became 
president  of  William  Jewell  College  in  1844  or 
1845.  lie  died  about  1853.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
zeal,  an  unljlemished  reputation,  and  fine  scliolar- 
sliip;  but  he  became  somewhat  erratic  before  his 
death,  and  joined  the  '"  Campliellites.'' 

Shans,  Mission  to  the. —  f  lie  Shans,  with  their 
kindred  races,  are  spread  over  a  large  territory  of 
Burmah,  and  are  found  in  great  numbers  in  Siain, 
Cochin  China,  Assam,  and  the  adjacent  countries. 
As  far  back  as  1830  they  were  supposed  to  be  ten 
times  as  numerous  as  the  Burmese.  Their  general 
character  is  regarded  as  much  superior  to  that  of 
the  Burmans.  In  religion  they  are  supposed  to  be 
Buddliists.  The  spiritual  wants  of  this  widely 
scattered  people  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
friends  of  missions  in  this  country  more  than  forty 
years  since,  but  comparatively  little  was  done  to 
save  them  until  1859.  Rev.  M.  II.  Bixby,  who  had 
been  a  missionary  among  the  Burmans  and  Talings, 
was  appointed  to  the  new  field  of  labor  among  the 
Shans.  The  most  encouraging  indications  met  Mr. 
Bixby  from  the  very  outset  of  his  work.  Having 
made  Toungoo  his  headquarters,  he  commenced  to 
preach  and  make  himself  better  acquainted  with 
the  language,  and  many  inquirers  came  to  him  to 
learn  of  Jesus.  The  first  highly  raised  expecta- 
tions were  not  met.  Various  causes  conspired  to 
hinder  the  progress  of  the  work.  In  1803  the 
prospect  seemed  more  encouraging.  Conversions 
occurred,  and  the  belief  was  strengthened  that  the 
blessing  of  heaven  would  largely  rest  on  the  labors 
of  the  missionaries.  On  Sunday,  the  22d  of  May, 
1SC4,  Mr.  Bixby  liaptized  fifty-five  converts  in  a  deep 
gorge  between  two  mountains,  on  the  sides  of  which 
were  two  villages  of  the  Shans.  At  the  end  of  four 
years'  work  he  reports  one  hundred  baptisms  and 
the  formation  of  three  churches.  The  constant 
labor  of  so  many  years  at  last  so  undermined  the 


SHARP 


1047 


SUA  UP 


health  of  Mr.  IJixliy  thiit  lie  loturneil  to  the  United 
States  in  the  suininer  of  186.S,  iiiid  the  care  of  the 
mission  devolved  on  Kev.  .Mr.  Cushiiii;,  who  was 
joined  by  Kev.  E.  i).  Kelley  in  the  spring  of  lt<T2. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gushing  returned  to  their  native 
country  in  1875.  During  tlie  absence  of  Mr.  Cush- 
ing  tlir  mission  to  the  Slians  was  put  in  charge  of 
Ivev.  Mr.  Eveleth.  On  his  return,  in  the  latter 
part  of  1877,  Mr.  Gushing  established  a  new  station 
in  Upper  Burmah,  at  Bhaino,  where  he  could  come 
in  contact  with  many  of  the  Shans.  lie  was  hope- 
ful of  good  results  from  his  labors. 

Sharp,   Daniel,   D.D.,  was  an    Englishman   by 
birth,  the  place  of  his  nativity  being  lludderslield, 


DANIEL    SHARI',    D.D. 

in  the  county  of  York.  He  was  born  Dec.  2.5,  1783. 
From  his  pious  parents  he  received  a  religious 
education,  and  always  spoke  of  them  in  terms  of 
the  highest  affection.  Having  become  a  hopeful 
Ghristian,  he  joined  a  Gongregational  church,  but 
a  change  in  his  sentiments  having  taken  place  as 
to  the  proper  mode  and  subji^cts  of  baptism,  he 
united  with  a  Baptist  church.  Turning  his  atten- 
tion to  mercantile  pursuits,  he  was  sent  to  this 
country  as  the  business  agent  of  a  large  firm  in 
Yorkshire.  On  reaching  New  York,  in  the  autumn 
of  1805,  he  identified  himself  at  once  with  the 
elnirch  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  Kev.  John 
AVilliams.  In  the  .social  meetings  of  the  church  he 
developed  such  gifts  at  public  speaking,  and  showed 
such  a  love  for  the  work  to  which  he  devoted  the 
energies  of  his  life,  that  it  was  the  conviction  of 
his  brethren  that  he  ought  to  prepare  for  the  Chris- 


tian ministry.  After  deliberating  prayerfully  over 
the  matter,  he  decided  to  obey  what  seemed  to  be  a 
call  from  the  Master,  and  without  delay  |>ut  him- 
self under  the  careful  training  of  the  Rev.  William 
Staughton,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  and  received  or- 
dination May  17,  ISOy,  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Newark,  N.  J.  For  nearly  three  years 
he  occupied  this  jiosition,  when  he  was  invited  to 
take  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Charles  Street 
church  in  Boston.  The  services  of  his  recognition 
took  place  April  29,  1812. 

The  great  executive  talents  of  Dr.  Sharp  found 
a  larger  development  and  a  wider  sphere  within 
whicli  to  exercise  themselves  when  he  was  thus 
transferred  to  the  metropolis  of  New  England. 
Dr.  Baldwin  and  others  of  kindred  spirit  were 
laying  the  foundation  and  enlarging  the  usefulness 
of  organizations  which  have  since  become  a  power 
for  great  good  in  the  denomination.  lie  interested 
himself  in  these  various  organization.s.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Avieriruii  Baptist  Min/azine.  The  intelligence  that 
Kev.  Messrs.  Judson  and  Kice  had  become  Baptists 
and  h.ad  thrown  themselves  on  the  sympathy  and  aid 
of  the  churches  stirred  all  the  generous  impulses  of 
his  susceptible  nature,  and  he  was  among  the  fore- 
most and  the  most  earnest  of  his  brethren  to  re- 
spond to  the  call  made  upon  the  benevolence  of  the 
denomination.  In  April,  1814,  the  General  Ccn- 
vention  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  United 
States  was  formed.  Almost  from  the  outset  he  was 
one  of  its  officers,  and  for  nmnj'  years  president 
of  its  acting  board.  Upon  the  formation  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  he  was  chosen 
its  first  president,  a  distinction  which  showed  in 
what  estimation  he  was  held  by  his  brethren. 

Dr.  Sharp  was  a  warm  friend  of  every  movement 
which  looked  to  the  education  of  the  ministry. 
With  others  he  took  the  incipient  steps  which  re- 
sulted in  the  formation  of  the  Northern  Baptist 
Education  Society.  The  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution found  in  him  a  stanch  supporter.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  the  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  His  long  pastorate  of  the  Charles  Street 
church,  extending  fmm  April,  1812,  to  June,  1853, 
made  him  so  well  known  in  Boston  that  his  straight, 
commanding  form  and  dignified  bearing  were  held 
in  remembrance  by  citizens  of  all  classes  and  de- 
nominations long  after  he  Imd  passed  away. 

Dr.  Sharp  was  eminently  con.servative  in  his 
tastes  and  habits.  His  long  experience  and  wide 
observation  made  him  suspicious  of  the  permanent 
results  of  those  spasmmlic  religious  movements 
which  stir  whole  communities  from  their  profound- 
est  depths.  He  was  a  believer  in  the  worth  of 
steady,  every-d,".y  work,  and  he  thought  more  of 
harmoniously  developed,  well-rounded  Christians 
than  of  those  whose  zeal  so  often  outruns  a  wise 


SHA VER 


1048 


.s//^  ir 


discretion.  In  the  city  of  his  adoption  he  was 
known  and  respected  as  few  rlerjiynn'n  of  any  de- 
nomination were  in  his  day.  Brown  University 
lionored  him  hy  mailing  him  a  Fellow  of  her  cor- 
poration, and  in  1811  by  conferring  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  and  in   182S 


and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  da- 
nomination.  In  June,  1.S4'),  he  became  pastor  of  the 
liV iiohbiiri;  Baptist  church,  where  be  remained  until 
called  to  sucM'eed  Dr.  Jas.  B.  Taylor  as  pastor  of 
the  Grace  Street  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  in  October, 
1846.    At  the  end  of  two  years,  on  account  of  throat 


that  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.      lie  was  one  of  not  i  disease,  he  was  compelled  to  accept  an  agency  f(u- 


more  than  eight  or  ten  Baptist  ministers  in  the 
country  who  have  received  this  latter  degree  from 
Harvard  University,  which  conferred  it  upon  him 
in  1843,  at  a  time  when  he  wa.s  a  member  of  its 
board  of  overseers.  He  left  behind  him  a  stain- 
less Christian  reputation  and  an  honored  memory 
as  a  minister  of  that  gospel  which  he  preached  for 
more  than  forty  years. 

Shaver,  David,  D.D.,  late  editor  of  the  Cliri.s- 
tian  Index,  and  for  years  editor  of  the  Religious 


D.WID    SH.WER,  D.D. 

Herald,  of  Richmond,  Va..  was  born  in  Abingdon, 
Va.,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  in  November,  1820. 
lie  professed  religion  early  in  life,  l)Ut  was  not 
permitted  to  unite  with  a  church.  At  sixteen  he 
joined  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach,  and  entered  the  itinerant  min- 
istry when  nearly  twenty,  in  connection  with  the 
Virginia  Annual  Conference.  Previous  to  that 
time  he  iiad  read  theology  one  year  :  subsequently 
he  devoted  three  years  to  the  study  of  theology, 
suspending  the  active  discharge  of  ministerial 
functions  for  the  purpose. 

In  November,  1844,  he  adopted  Baptist  senti- 
ments openly,  after  mature  investigation,  and  was 
baptized  at  Lynchburg  by  Rev.  James  C.  Clopton, 


the  Domestic  Missiort  Board  of  the  Southern  Ba|>- 
tist  Convention.  Again  entering  the  ministry,  he 
served  the  Baptist  church  at  Hampton,  Va.,  from 
1853  to  liHST,  when  he  became  editor  of  the  Religions 
Herald,  which  he  held  until  the  surrender  of  Rich- 
mond. In  1867  he  went  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  to  assume 
the  editorship  of  the  Christian  Index,  from  which 
position  he  retired  in  1874.  He  then  took  charge 
of  the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Augusta.  In  187H 
he  was  elected  professor  in  the  colored  theological 
seminary,  now  in  Atlanta,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  This  institution  is  maintained  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  was 
removed  from  Augusta  to  Atlanta  in  1879. 

Dr.  Shaver  is  one  of  the  finest  scholars  in  the 
South,  and  possesses  a  mind  of  cstraordinary  acute- 
ness.  As  a  sermonizer  he  perhaps  has  no  superior, 
and  his  acquaintance  with  the  whole  range  of  theo- 
logical investigation  renders  him  perfectly  at  home 
on  any  subject,  and  entitles  his  opinions  to  the 
highest  respect.  He  is  a  most  polished  writer  and 
an  excellent  editor.  Of  unquestionable  piety  and 
surpassing  abilities,  he  would  be  fitted  to  adorn  any 
ministerial  position  were  it  not  for  the  failure  of  his 
voice,  by  which  his  usefulness  as  a  public  speaker 
is  impaired. 

Shaw,  Benjamin  F„  D.D.,  was  born  in  Gor- 
lam.  Me..  Oi-t.  26.  IM.").  He  fitted  for  college  at 
the  academy  in  Yarmouth,  Me.,  and  pursued  his 
collegiate  studies  at  AVaterville  and  Dartmouth  Col- 
leges, graduating  from  the  latter  in  the  class  of 
1837.  He  spent  one  year  at  the  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Institution.  His  ordination  occurred  March 
16,  1843.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the  churches  in 
China,  Thomaston,  and  Waterville,  Me.  The  state 
of  his  health  has  obliged  him  during  his  life  to  re- 
tire altogether  at  times  from  ministerial  work  and 
devote  himself  to  more  active  pursuits.  In  differ- 
ent sections  of  his  native  State  he  has  performed 
missionary  labor  among  feeble  churches,  and  been 
successful  in  promoting  revivals  of  religion.  Colby 
University,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee,  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1872. 

Shaw,  Rev.  J,  F.,  editor  of  the  Dapfist  Indix, 
published  at  Tcxarkana,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Georgia 
in  1845;  was  ordained  in  Alabama  in  1866;  after 
filling  important  positions  in  North  Alabama  came 
to  Arkansas  and  founded  the  Arkiidelphia  Baptist 
High  School,  and  supplied  the  church  in  that  place 
two  years;  in  1879  traveled  as  State  evangelist; 
in  1880  began  the  publication  of  the  Brip/isi  Index. 


SHAW 


1049 


SHE  A  RD  OWN 


Shaw,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Scotland  in 
1796,  and  converted  there  in  1H12;  emigrated  to 
Prince  Edward  Island  in  1819,  and  was  baptized 
there  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Harding  in  1832 ;  ordained  at 
Three  Rivers,  Oct.  14,  1832.  Mr.  Shaw  evangel- 
ized much,  and  with  great  success,  particularly  in 
Cape  Breton  Island.     He  died  June  4,  1879. 

Shaw  University. — This  school  had  its  origin 
in  the  formation  of  a  theological  class  of  freedmen 
in  the  old  Guion  Hotel,  now  the  National  Hotel, 
in  the  city  of  Raleigh,  N.  C,  Dec.  1,  1805,  and 
taught  by  Rev.  H.  M.  Tupper,  of  Massachusetts, 
in  the  employ  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
Bion  .Society  of  New  York.  The  following  year  it 
was  removed  to  a  large  wooden  building,  corner 
of  Blount  and  Cabanas  Streets,  where  it  continued 
as  the  Raleigh  Institute  till  1870.  Some  2000  men, 
women,  and  children  were  enrolled  on  the  books 
of  the  institute  from  its  commencement.  In  1.S70 
the  Barringer  property  was  bought  for  §15,000. 
In  1872  the  Shaw  building  was  finished  and  fur- 
nished, at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  and  in  1874  the  Esty 
building,  a  school  for  girls,  was  completed,  at  a 
cost  of  §25,000.  Mr.  Shaw,  of  Wales,  Mass.,  from 
whom  the  school  is  named,  has  been  one  of  its 
largest  benefactors,  having  given  ?8000  towards 
the  original  purchase,  and  the  erection  of  the  Shaw 
building.  Towards  the  erection  of  the  Esty  build- 
ing the  J.  Esty  Company,  of  Brattleboro',  Vt.,  gave 
$8000;  George  M.  Morse,  of  Putnam,  Conn.,  gave 
S2000;.?5000  were  raised  by  the  North  Carolina 
Jubilee  Singers,  and  various  persons  in  the  North 
gave  smaller  sums.  About  .§3000  a  year  have  been 
spent  in  the  erection  and  furnishing  of  buildings 
since  1870,  from  money  saved  out  of  the  receipts  of 
the  school.  From  1870  to  1874  about  000  pupils 
attended,  and  the  school  was  known  as  the  Shaw 
Institute.  In  1875  the  school  was  incorporated  as 
the  .Sliaw  University.  In  1879  the  university  hall 
was  completed,  at  a  cost  of  about  $6000,  all  the 
money,  except  $650,  having  been  saved  from  tuition 
and  the  boarding  department.  The  number  of 
pupils  enrolled  from  1.S75  to  1880  is  900. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  a 
separate  theological  course  was  established  for  ad- 
vanced students,  also  a  medical  department,  which 
will  go  into  effect  Nov.  1,  1881.  Funds  to  erect  a 
medical  dormitory,  and  also  a  necessary  medical 
building,  have  recently  been  received,  and  this  de- 
partment will  be  known  as  the  Leonard  Medical 
School,  named  in  himor  of  the  largest  donors,  the 
Leonard  family,  of  which  family  Mrs.  Tupper,  the 
wifi!  of  the  president,  is  a  member. 

The  students  pay  annually,  for  board  and  tui- 
tion, about  S6000  in  cash  and  §2000  in  work. 

The  school  has  five  departments, — noruiaJ,  scien- 
tific, collegiate,  theological,  and  medical. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  property  has  cost  more 
67 


than  §70,000,  and  that  great  good  has  been  done, 
and  will  be  accomplished,  by  its  establishment, 
and  it  is  proper  to  say,  that  while  much  credit  is 
due  to  the  friends  who  have  so  generously  aided  it, 
its  success  is  still  more  largely  due  to  the  energy, 
business  talents,  faith,  and  perseverance  of  Rev.  II. 
M.  Tupper,  the  founder  and  president  of  the  uni- 
versity. 

The  students  in  1880,  of  both  sexes,  numbered 
277  ;  these  were  under  the  care  of  fifteen  instruc- 
tors. 

Sheardown,  Rev.  Thomas  Simpson,  was  born 
Nov.  4,  1791,  in  the  County  of  Lincoln,  F.ngland; 
baptized  in  the  fall  of  1812,  settled  in  the  United 
States,  October,  1820,  and  was  ordained  in  Decem- 
ber, 1828. 

The  field  occupied  by  this  eminent  servant  of 
Christ  w^s  in  Northern  Pennsylvania  and  South- 
ern New  York.  Almost  his  entire  ministry  was 
spent  on  horseback,  gathering  churches  in  new 
settlements.  Necessarily  such  a  field,  in  its  rough- 
ness and  great  privations,  involved  much  self-de- 
nial. But  rewards  follow  great  sacrifices,  and  are 
correspondingly  great.  Revival  succeeded  revival. 
Churches  were  organized,  and  others  built  up. 
The  number  baptized  by  his  own  hands  exceeded 
1400,  while  many  others,  converted  under  his 
labors,  received  baptism  at  the  hands  of  pastors  in 
whose  churches  he  labored  as  an  evangelist.  With 
the  single  exception  of  the  Troy  church,  in  Brad- 
ford Co.,  Pa.,  he  never  settled  over  a  church  formed 
by  other  men's  labors.  His  public  life  covered 
more  than  half  a  century,  and,  to  the  very  last  of 
his  long  career,  both  old  and  young  were  deeply 
attached  to  him,  and  even  venerated  him.  His 
name  had  become  a  household  word  in  the  entire 
field  he  occupied,  and  Father  Sheardown's  advice 
almost  became  a  law. 

The  writer  well  remembers  the  earliest  and  the 
latest  impressions  m.ide  upon  his  own  mind  in  lis- 
tening to  his  earnest  and  glowing  utterances. 
Traveling  from  Hamilton  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  into 
Pennsylvania,  during  a  vacation,  he  reached  the 
waters  of  Crooked  Creek,  in  Tioga  Co.,  Pa.  Dusty, 
footsore,  and  discouraged  beyond  measure,  he  halted 
at  a  country  house,  where  a  crowd  had  assembled 
in  the  afternoon  of  a  very  hot  day.  Father  Shear- 
down  was  preaching.  The  theme  of  his  sermon 
was  the  familiar  words,  "Christ  is  all  and  in  all." 
Never  can  he  forget  the  glow  of  his  countenance  as 
he  held  spellbound  his  rustic  congregation.  Every 
eye  seemed  suff'used  with  tears.  The  writer  forgot 
dust,  heat,  soreness  of  feet,  and  discouragements  in 
the  entrancing  picture  he  drew  of  the  moral  worth 
of  Christ,  and  each  man's  need  of  such  a  Christ. 
Years  after,  on  his  dying  bed,  he  said  to  him,  "  Do 
you  recollect  the  sermon  you  preached  on  Crooked 
Creek  when  the  writer  was  but  a  boy?"     lie  re- 


SHEDDEN 


1050 


SHELDON 


ferred  him  to  the  text.  "  No  ;  not  the  sermon,"  he 
replied,  "but  the  theme.  Why,  that  sup|)orted  me 
long  before.  It  has  ever  since,  and  never  more  than 
now,  while  on  this  bed,  a  mere  wreck  on  the  shore 
of  time.  '  Christ  is  all!'  Preach  it,  brother !"  In 
such  a  spirit  lived  and  died  this  man  of  power  with 
God,  and  this  prince  among  preachers.  Let  the 
pulpits  continue  the  blessed  theme,  "Christ  is  all 
and  ill  all." 

Shedden,  Capt.  James,  whose  memory  is  dear 
to  the  Baptists  of  Western  Pennsylvarria,  was  born 
in  the  County  of  Derry,  Ireland,  April  27,  1833. 
lie  belonged  to  a  Scotch-Irish  family  which  for 
generations  had  held  high  positions  in  the  British 
army.  His  father  having  removed  to  this  country, 
died  when  James  was  yet  young,  thus  throwing 
him  upon  his  own  resources.  His  early  years  were 
spent  in  the  unsettled  life  of  a  riverman,  and  yet 
amid  the  busy  scenes  of  steam  and  gunboat  service 
the  teachings  of  a  pious  mother  were  not  forgotten. 
In  later  and  more  settled  life  these  instructions 
resulted  in  his  conversion.  In  the  ye.ir  1873  he 
was  baptized,  and  entered  into  fellowship  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Sharpsburg,  Alleghany  Co., 
Pa. 

His  life  knew  no  idleness.  At  his  death  he  held 
various  offices, — deacon,  trustee,  churchclerk,  treas- 
urer, and  superintendent  of  the  .Sabbath-school. 
In  the  Association  he  also  held  the  office  of  treas- 
urer and  assistant  clerk.  At  the  same  time  he  was 
honored  in  being  vice-president  and  a  director  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Baptist  Social  Union.  His  fellow-citi- 
zens also  honored  him  by  his  election  as  a  school 
director,  and  by  constituting  him  burgess  of  Etna 
Borough.  Capt.  Shedden  died  suddenly  Aug.  23, 
1878.  His  prayer  has  been  answered,  that  when  it 
should  please  the  Lord  to  take  him  into  rest  the 
community  might  be  uU  the  better  for  his  having 
lived  aninng  thcui. 

Sheffield,  Rev.  Charles  Smith,  was  born  at 
Jewett  City,  New  London  Co.,  Conn.,  Oct.  13,  1833. 
He  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Butter- 
nuts Baptist  church.  Gilbertsville, Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  21,  1853  ;  prepared  for  college  at  Gilberts- 
ville Academy  and  Collegiate  Institute ;  entered 
the  Freshman  class  of  the  University  of  Rochester, 
Sept.  10,  IS-'ifi,  and  graduated  July  11,  1860;  en- 
tered Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  Sept.  13, 
1860,  and  graduated  July  2,  1863 ;  received  a 
unanimous  call  from  the  church  at  Newfane, 
Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  was  ordained  at  Xewfane, 
Oct.  1.  18G3,  Rev.  E.  G.  Robinson,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
preaching  the  sermon.  December,  1860,  resigned 
the  pastorate  at  Newfane,  on  account  of  throat  dis- 
ease, and  in  the  following  spring  became  teacher  of 
natural  sciences  in  Bufi^ilo  Central  School,  where 
he  taught  about  four  and  a  half  years.  In  August, 
1871,  removed  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  taught, 


with  an  interval  of  one  year,  for  a  period  of  seven 
years,  most  of  the  time  as  principal  of  the  Kansas 
City  High  School.  On  July  1,  1878,  he  liccame 
superintendent  of  public  schools  at  Atchison,  Kan- 
sas, and  served  in  that  capacity  for  two  years.  In 
August,  1880,  became  president  of  Pierce  City  Bap- 
tist College,  of  Pierce  City,  Mo.  Since  resigning 
the  pastorate  he  has  preached  occasionally  for 
various  churches,  acting  as  pastor  of  the  Pleasant 
Grove  Baptist  church  from  January.  1874,  for  one 
year,  and  supplying  the  Ottawa  Baptist  church  for 
some  months. 

Sheldon,  Clisson  P.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Ber- 
nardstown.  Mass.,  May  '',  1813:  pursued  academic 
studies  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  until  compelled  by 
diseased  eyes  to  discontinue ;  ordained  pastor  at 
Whitesborough,  Oct.  21,  1836,  where  he  remained 
seven  years.  He  then  re-entered  Madison  Univer- 
sity, where  he  graduated  in  1846.  During  the 
year  184.5  he  served  as  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.  Upon  his  graduation  he  settled 
with  the  Niagara  S((uarc  church.  Buffalo,  which  he 
served  until,  in  18.')4,  he  became  a  second  time 
pastor  in  Hamilton.  In  1856  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Fifth  Street  church,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  which  church 
he  served  nearly  twenty  years,  during  which  it 
grew  in  numbers  and  influence  until  it  has  become 
a  leading  church  in  the  State.  Nov.  1,  1875,  at 
the  request  of  the  American  Baptist  ILjiiie  Mission 
Society,  he  closed  his  pastorate  at  Troy  and  became 
district  secretary  of  the  society  for  New  York  and 
Northern  New  Jersey. 

His  life  has  been  that  of  a  preacher  and  pastor. 
He  has  written,  however,  a  number  of  excellent 
articles  for  newspapers  and  reviews,  among  them 
an  "  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Convention  of  the  State  of  New  York."'  He  has 
frequently  served  the  State  Convention  as  corre- 
sponding secretary,  as  a  member  of  its  board,  and 
as  presi<ient.  He  has  baptized  762  persons.  He 
is  a  hard  worker  at  whatever  he  undertakes,  and  a 
man  of  fine  judgment.  He  is  eminently  qualified 
for  the  important  office  he  now  fills.  He  still  re- 
sides at  Troy,  and  is  honored  us  one  of  its  most 
worthy  citizens. 

Sheldon,  D.Henry,  was  born  in  Union  Village, 
Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  Mairli,  1830.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Prattskill  Baptist  church  of  that  place.  Dr. 
Isaac  Wescott  being  the  pastor.  In  the  beginning 
of  his  course  of  study  he  was  prepared  at  Roches- 
ter for  AVcst  Point,  but  that  purpose  having  been 
changed,  he  removed  to  Racine,  Wis.,  in  1849, 
where  he  went  into  business.  Still  having  his 
mind  upon  study,  he  returned  to  Rochester  in 
18.54,  and  entering  the  Sophomore  class  in  the 
university,  graduated  in  1857.  Having  chosen  a 
business  career,  he  went  first  to  St.  Louis,  where 


SH ELTON 


1051 


fiH  ELTON 


he  was  engaged  in  successful  pursuits  of  that 
nature  until  1861.  At  that  date  he  removed  to 
Chioagii,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  Mr. 
Sheldon  was  one  of  the  first  to  enlist  in  the  work 
of  foundinj;  a  theological  seminary  at  Chicago,  was 
one  of  the  earliest  chosen  on  the  board  of  trustees, 
and  during  the  whole  liistory  of  the  institution  has 
been  one  of  its  induential,  generous,  and  judicious 
friends.  His  donations  in  money  have  amounted 
to  $10,000  ;  besides  wbich  he  gave  S20,U00  more  in 
property.  In  other  relations  Mr.  Sheldon  has  been 
known  during  his  residence  in  Chicago  as  a  devout 
Christian  and  the  zealous  friend  of  every  good 
cause. 

Shelton  College  is  located  at  St.  Albans,  in 
Kanawha  Co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  Railroad.  Steps  preliminary  to  its  establish- 
ment were  taken  by  the  Teays'  Valley  and  Guyan- 
dotte  Associations  in  1871.  It  was  first  called 
Coalsmoutli  High  School.  Rev.  J.  C.  Rice  was  the 
first  president,  and  Rev.  B.  Cade  the  first  financial 
agent.  Rev.  P.  B.  Reynolds  was  elected  principal 
of  the  school  in  1872.  A  building  for  the  institu- 
tion was  begun  in  1873,  and  the  first  regular  ses- 
sion of  the  school  commenced  Oct.  1,  1875.  An 
effort  was  made  in  1876  to  raise  an  endowment  of 
S.jO,i;K)0,  and  Rev.  W.  P.  Walker  acted  as  agent, 
but  owing  to  the  stringency  of  the  times  and  other 
causes  the  effort  had  to  be  abandoned  after  securing 
S4(J00  or  SoOlJO. 

In  consideration  of  gifts  by  Mr.  T.  M.  Shelton, 
amounting  to  about  j^lO.IHK),  the  name  was  changed 
to  Shelton  College.  The  institution  owns  property 
worth  from  §15,000  to  $20,000,  and  after  a  hard 
struggle  of  ten  years  is  nearly  out  of  debt,  and 
ready  to  begin  the  work  for  which  it  was  estab- 
lished. 

The  course  of  instruction  in  the  college  comprises 
mathematics,  modern  and  ancient  languages,  and 
sciences.  Each  department  is  a  distinct,  complete 
school  in  itself,  under  a  competent  head,  with 
necessary  assistants.  There  is  also  a  practical  Bil> 
lical  course  for  the  special  benefit  of  theological 
students.  A  number  of  very  useful  young  preach- 
ers have  been  educated  at  this  school. 

Shelton,  WiUiam,  D.D.,  son  of  James  and 
\ancy  .Slicltun,  was  burn  in  Smith  Co.,  Tenn., 
July  4,  1824.  In  his  youth  he  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  country,  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
home,  until  he  acquired  the  rudiments  of  a  common- 
school  education.  In  the  fourteenth  year  of  his 
age  he  entered  a  high  school,  then  taught  at  Big 
S|)ring,  Wilson  Co.,  Tenn.,  where  he  commenced 
the  study  of  Latin,  Greek,  and  mathematics. 

In  his  seventeenth  year  he  entered  the  Junior 
class  of  the  University  of  Xashville.  While  a 
student  in  that  institution  he  made  a  profession 
of  religion,  and  joined  the  First  Baptist  church  of 


Xashville,  and  was  Vjaptized  by  Rev.  R.  B.  C. 
llowell,  D.D.,  then  pastor  of  the  church,  and  was 
soon  afterwards  licensed  to  preach.  In  1843  he 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Nashville,  in  his 
nineteenth  year.  He  next  became  a  student,  in 
1844,  in  the  theological  department  of  M.idison 
University,  N.  Y.,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1846. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  was  called 
to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Clarks- 
ville,  Tenn.  Having  accepted  the  call,  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  :  the 
Presbytery  consisting  of  Rev.  R.  B.  C.  Howell, 
D.D.,  Rev.  Samuel  Baker.  D.I).,  Rev,  Reuben 
Ross,  Rev.  Robert  Williams,  and  Rev.  R.  W. 
Nixon. 

In  18.50  he  resigned  the  care  of  the  church  in 
Clarksville,  and  accepted  the  professorship  of 
Greek  and  Theology  in  Union  University,  .Mur- 
freesborough,  Tenn. 

In  1851  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  that  place,  performing  the  double  work 
of  pastor  and  teacher.  He  continued  in  these  posi- 
tions till  1855,  when  he  was  offered  the  presi- 
dency of  Brownsville  Female  College,  and  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place.  Having  accepted  these  offices  he  removed, 
and  entered  upon  his  work.  Under  his  pastoral 
care  the  church  was  greatly  enlarged  and  strength- 
ened, and  under  his  administration  the  college 
grew  to  be  one  of  the  largest  and  most  flourishing 
schools  of  the  South  up  to  the  civil  war. 

Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
elected  president  of  West  Tennessee  College,  Jack- 
son, Tenn.  Having  accepted  the  position,  he  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  that  city.  He  succeeded 
during  the  four  following  years  in  building  up 
that  institution  to  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  and 
success.  In  1869  he  resigned  the  presidency  of 
West  Tennessee  College.  In  1873  he  became 
financial  agent  and  Professor-elect  of  Moral  and 
Intellectual  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Xash- 
ville. 

At  the  organization  of  the  Southwestern  Baptist 
University,  in  1876.  he  was  elected  its  first  presi- 
dent. 

In  1878  he  was  elected  president  of  Ewing  Col- 
lege, III.,  and  has  succeeded  in  imparting  to  it  a 
high  degree  of  prosperity.  His  home  is  still  near 
Nashville,  Tenn,,  six  miles  from  the  city. 

Dr.  Shelton  is  regarded  as  a  fine  educator,  and  a 
good  and  useful  preacher,  as  was  demonstrated  ii. 
his  pastorate  at  Brownsville,  Tenn.,  when  large  ac- 
cessions were  made  to  the  church.  At  one  pro- 
tracted meeting,  in  which  the  writer  assisted,  be- 
tween sixty  and  seventy  were  added.  His  son, 
Wm.  Shelton,  Jr.,  has  entered  upon  the  ministry, 
and  bids  fair  to  make  a  useful  preacher. 


SHEPARD 


1052 


SHEPPAIW 


Shepard,  Rev.  Samuel,   M.D.,  was  bom  in 

Salisbury,  Mass..  June  22,  \-~t'.V.\.  lie  stuiliod  medi- 
cine, and  practised  his  profession  at  Brentwood, 
N.  II.,  and  rose  to  distinction  as  a  physician.  The 
peru.sal  of  "  Norcott  on  BaptisMr'  led  to  a  change 
of  sentiments,  and  he  left  tlie  Coiigrej^ational 
Cliurcli  and  connected  himself  with  the  ISaptists. 
Rev.  llczekiah  .Smith,  of  Haverhill,  baptized  liim 
in  June,  1770,  and,  soon  after  his  public  )>rofession 
of  faith  in  Christ,  he  began  to  preach.  Within  a 
year  three  small  churches  were  formed  in  three 
different  but  neii,'hboring  towns,  and  he  was  in- 
vited to  take  the  pastoral  oversight  of  them.  The 
number  of  members  in  the  three  churches  was 
small.  Dr.  Shepard  accepted  the  invitation,  and 
was  ordained  at  Stratham,  N.  II.,  Sept.  25,  1771. 
Blessed  with  a  good  physical  constitution,  and 
more  than  oi-dinary  intellectual  ability,  he  was 
able  to  accomplish  a  large  amount  of  ministerial 
work,  and  was  instrumental  in  advancing  the  in- 
terests of  religion  over  a  wide  extent  of  country. 
In  the  double  office  of  minister  and  phj'sician,  he 
came  in  contact  with  a  large  number  of  families, 
and,  literally,  looked  after  the  cure  of  both  soul 
and  body.  As  illustrating  the  character  of  his 
work,  and  the  success  which  followed  his  labors, 
we  quote  an  e.Ktract  found  in  Sprague's  "  Annals," 
from  a  letter  written  by  Dr.  Shepard  to  Rev.  Isaac 
Backus  in  1781  : 

"  Some  hundreds  of  souls  are  hopefully  con- 
verted in  the  counties  of  Rockingham,  Strafford, 
and  Grafton,  in  New  Hampshire,  within  a  year 
past.  In  the  last  journey  1  made  before  my  be- 
loved wife  was  taken  from  me,  I  baptized  seventy- 
two  men,  women,  and  some  that  may  properly  be 
called  children,  who  confessed  with  their  mouths 
the  salvation  God  had  wrought  in  their  hearts  to 
good  satisfaction.  I  baptized  forty-three  in  the 
town  of  Meredith  in  one  day,  and  such  a  solemn 
weeping  of  the  multitude  on  the  shore  I  never 
before  saw.  The  ordinance  of  baptism  appeared 
to  carry  universal  conviction  through  them,  even 
to  a  man."  He  then  goes  on  to  describe  the  great 
blessing  which  had  followed  the  outpouring  of  the 
Spirit  in  different  towns  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
the  glorious  results  in  the  formation  of  seven  Bap- 
tist churches  within  a  period  of  about  one  year,  and 
closes  by  saying,  "  There  appears  to  be  a  general 
increase  of  the  Baptist  principles  through  all  the 
eastern  parts  of  New  England." 

Dr.  Shepard  was  a  man  of  rare  executive  abil- 
ity, and  adopted  a  plan  with  reference  to  churches 
gathered  in  a  sparsely  settled  country  worthy  of 
imitation  in  sections  similarly  situated.  His  ov\-n 
home  was  where  he  commenced  his  professional  life 
as  a  physician, — Brentwood.  Of  the  Baptist  church 
in  this  place  he  was  the  pastor,  and  had  the  over- 
sight of  several  other  churches  which  were  branches 


of  the  Brentwood  church.  In  the  liest  sense  of  the 
word  he  was  a  bishop  without  Episcopal  consecra- 
tion. We  are  told  that  "  in  his  active  days  he  was 
accustomed  to  visit  all  these  churches,  making  a 
circuit  of  about  two  hundred  miles;  and  they  all 
looked  up  to  him  with  grateful  and  reverential 
regard." 

Dr.  Shepard  was  the  author  of  several  works, 
which  had  considerable  circulation  at  the  time  of 
their  publication.  These  were  "  A  Scriptural  In- 
quiry respecting  the  Ordinance  of  Water  Bap- 
tism," "  A  Keply  to  Several  Answers  in  Defense 
of  this  Inquiry,"  "  A  Scriptural  Inquiry  conoern- 
ing  what  the  Friends  or  Quakers  call  Spiritual 
Baptism,  being  an  Answer  to  a  Work  published  by 
Moses  Brown,  of  Providence,  R.  I.,"  "  The  Princi- 
ple of  Universal  Salvation  examined  and  tried  by 
the  Law  and  the  Testimony,"  "'  An  Examination 
of  Elias  Smith's  two  Pamphlets,  respecting  Original 
Sin,  the  Death  Adam  was  to  die  the  Day  he  eat 
of  the  Forbidden  Fruit,  and  the  Final  Annihilation 
of  the  Wicked." 

In  Sprague's  "Annals"  we  find  one  or  two  inci- 
dents which  are  worth  preserving,  as  illustrative 
of  the  character  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  ;  "  He 
was  a  man  of  extraordinary  presence,  and  could 
almost  by  a  look  exert  great  power  over  other 
minds.  On  one  occasion  he  was  called  to  visit  a 
suffering  woman,  a  member  of  his  church,  whose 
husband,  wealthy  but  penurious,  did  not  allow  his 
family  necessary  comforts.  After  calling  for  dif- 
ferent things,  and  being  told  there  were  none  in 
the  house.  Dr.  Shepard  rose  upon  his  feet,  indig- 
nantly stamped  upon  the  floor,  and  said,  "  Mr. , 

do  you  go  at  once  and  tackle  your  horse,  and  pur- 
chase the  articles,  and  a  tea-kettle."  The  man 
started  as  if  electrified  with  terror,  and  obeyed  the 
command,  to  the  great  comfort  of  his  sick  wife. 

No  man  in  the  history  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion in  New  Hampshire  stands  out  more  promi- 
nently to  our  view  than  Dr.  Shepard.  His  deatli 
occurred  at  Brentwood.  Nov.  4,  1815. 

Sheppard,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  bom  in  Green- 
wich, N.  J.,  Jan.  y,  1780.  He  was  the  son  of  a  re- 
spectable farmer.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  at- 
tended Dr.  .Staughton's  school  at  Burlington.  He 
united  with  the  Burlington  church  May  1,  1SU4, 
was  licensed  to  preach  May  4,  1805,  and,  after 
studying  a  little  longer  with  Dr.  Staughton,  he  en- 
tered the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated  in  1808.  He  was  ordained  pastor  at 
.Salem,  N.  J.,  April  19,  1809,  by  Wm.  Staughton, 
D.D.,  AVm.  Rogers,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Henry  Smalley. 
He  labored  hard  and  successfully  there  for  more 
than  twenty ,  years,  baptizing  many.  In  1829  he 
became  pastor  at  Mount  Holly  ;  he  also  supplied 
Marlton  every  third  Sabbath,  and  taught  a  private 
school.     Six   years   of  this  work  wore    upon  his 


SHERMER 


1053 


SHERWOOD 


health,  and  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  the  pastor- 
ate, but  he  supplied  churches  as  his  strength  per- 
mitted, and  engaged  in  evangelistic  labor.  On 
Dec.  9,  1838,  he  preached  at  Pemberton  three 
times,  and  walked  several  miles  visiting  the  sick. 
On  Tuesdaj'  he  reached  his  home,  and  was  taken 
with  apoplexy,  from  which  he  died  on  Thursday. 
Pleaching  was  his  delight,  and  he  was  very  fond 
of  instructing  youth.  He  was  faithful,  kind,  and 
beloved. 

Shermer,  Rev,  Henry  B.,  was  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  who  graduated  at  Madison  Uni- 
versity in  1850,  and  from  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1852.  He  went  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Bassa  tribe  in  Africa  in  1852,  but  fell  a  victim  to 
the  .Vfriciin  fever,  and  was  obliged  to  return  to  this 
country  in  1S54.  Though  in  broken  health,  he 
served  the  church  at  Newton,  N.  J.,  for  four  years, 
and  at  Schooley's  Mountain,  N.  J.,  for  five  years. 
He  died  in  triumph  there  on  March  22,  1869. 

Sherwood,  Adiel,  D.D.,  a  most  distinguished 
minister  and  educator,  a  man  of  remarkable  piety, 


ADIEI.    SHERWOOD,   D.D. 

leal,  humility,  and  learning,  was  born  at  Fort  Ed- 
ward, N.  Y.,  Oct.  3,  1791.  He  died  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  Aug.  18,  1879,  when  he  had  nearly  completed 
his  eighty-eighth  year.  His  father  was  a  member  of 
the  \ew  York  Legislature,  a  Kevolutionary  soldier, 
and  a  personal  friend  of  Gen.  Washington,  whom 
he  had  tlie  pleasure  of  entertaining  twice  after  in- 
dependence was  secured. 

Adiel  Sherwood  studied  three  years  in  Middle- 
bury  College,  and  then,  after  an  honorable  dismissal, 


entered  Union  College,  Schenectady,  in  1816,  and 
was  graduated  in  1817.  The  following  fall  he  en- 
tered Andover  Theological  Seminary,  remaining 
one  year.  He  then  went  to  Georgia  fur  his  health, 
where  he  resided  for  many  years,  taking  his  place 
side  by  side  with  Abram  Marshall.  Jesse  Mercer, 
Henry  Holcombe,  William  T.  Brantly.  Sr.,  Gov. 
Rabun,  Charles  J.  Jenkins,  Gov.  Lumpkin,  Thomas 
Stocks,  B.  M.  Sanders,  and  a  host  of  others  who 
built  up  the  Baptist  denomination  in  that  State 
and  gave  it  tone  and  direction.  Entering  at  once 
upon  evangelistic  labors,  he  became  one  of  the 
foremost  workers  in  the  State.  In  1820  he,  through 
the  clerk,  offered  a  resolution  which  led  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  in  1822. 
In  1823  he  attended  the  Triennial  Convention,  in 
Washington  City,  and  introduced  a  resolution  urg- 
ing all  the  States  to  form  Conventions,  which  was 
accomplished  in  a  few  years.  He  was,  al.so,  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society. 

His  pastorates  in  Georgia  were  many,  his  first 
being  that  of  Bethlehem,  near  Lexington.  It  was 
at  the  request  of  the  Bethlehem  church  that  he  was 
ordained  in  March,  1820,  at  Bethosda,  Greene  Co.. 
Mercer,  Reeves,  Roberts,  and  Matthews  forming 
the  Presbytery.  Afterwards,  during  a  period  of 
many  vears,  extending  to  1865,  most  of  which  time 
was  spent  in  Georgia,  he  was  the  pastor  of  many 
churches  in  the  State,  a  mere  list  only  of  which  can 
be  given :  Freeman's  Creek,  Clarke  Co. :  Greens- 
borough  from  May  1821  to  1832  or  1833,  which 
church  he  and  .Jesse  Mercer  organized  :  New  Hope. 
Greene  Co. ;  Eatonton  from  1827  to  1837  ;  Milledge- 
ville.  1827  to  1834:  Macon,  1829  ;  Monticello.  1829  : 
Indian  Creek.  1831-33:  Penfield,  1839;  Bethesda, 
Grifiin,  Greenville,  and  others. 

In  1S27  he  took  charge  of  the  academy  in  Eaton- 
ton,  Ga.,  becoming  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
also ;  and  in  that  year  a  most  memorable  revival 
commenced  at  Eatonton,  spread  all  over  the  State, 
ami  resulted  in  the  conversion  and  baptism  of  many 
thousands,  during  the  two  years  it  lasted.  The 
numbers  may  be  surmised  when  it  is  stated,  in  his 
own  records,  that  16,000  persons  were  baptized  in 
three  Associations  only.  His  labors  may  be  com- 
puted when  it  is  stated  that,  besides  all  his  other 
official  and  ministerial  labors,  he  preached,  during 
182S,  333  sermons,  in  as  many  as  forty  counties.  At 
the  session  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  in 
1831,  he  offered  the  resolution  in  favor  of  a  theo- 
logical institution,  that  resulted  in  the  establish- 
ment of  Mercer  Institute,  which,  finally,  merged 
into  Mercer  University.  He  himself  had  a  small 
theological  school  at  Eatonton  in  1831,  and  in  1832 
opened  a  manual  labor  school,  but  discontinued  it 
in  January,  1833,  when  Mercer  Institute  was  es- 
tablished at  Penfield, 


SHIRLEY 


1054 


SHORTER 


Elected  a  professor  in  Columbian  ColIe>»e.  Wash- 
in<;ton,  D.  C,  he  spent  1837  and  ISXS  in  Wasliin-;- 
ton.  but  returned  to  (jeorjiia  to  accept  the  profes- 
sorship of  Sacred  Literature  in  Mercer  I'niversitj', 
in  which  institution  he  spent  1S;W.  1840,  and  1841. 
lie  was  then  elected  president  of  Shurtleff  College, 
Alton,  111.,  where  he  remained  for  years.  During 
1846  and  1S47  he  served  as  secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Indian  Missionary  Society,  and  during 
184N  and  1S4',)  lie  was  president  of  the  Masonic 
College,  Lexington,  Mo.  He  then  accepted  the 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cape  Girardeau, 
Mo.,  where  he  remained  until  1857,  when,  on  ac- 
count of  rheumatism,  he  returned  to  Georgia,  and 
became  the  president  of  Marshall  College,  Grif- 
fin. This  position  he  filled,  while  serving  various 
churches,  until  the  war  commenced.  After  the 
war,  in  18()5.  he  returned  to  Missouri,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death,  on  -\ug.  18,  1879,  preaching 
constantly. 

To  Dr.  Sherwood  much  of  the  credit  is  due  for 
the  high  position  in  point  both  of  numbers  and  in- 
telligence attained  by  the  Georgia  Baptists.  He 
Avas  learned  and  eloquent,  an  earnest  and  incessant 
worker,  wise  and  prudent,  and  an  able  financier. 
He  did  much  to  elevate  the  standard  of  education 
in  Georgia :  he  strenuously  promoted  unity  of 
action  in  the  denomination  ;  his  missionary  zeal 
was  second  to  that  of  none  ;  and  when  the  anti- 
missionary  and  antinomian  spirit  aroused  such 
bitter  dissension  in  the  State,  from  1827  to  1837, 
ending  in  division,  he  stood  side  by  side  with  those 
who  rolled  back  the  tide  and  made  Georgia  what 
she  has  been  nearly  ever  since, — the  banner  mis- 
sion State  of  the  South. 

All  his  life  Dr.  Sherwood  was  an  indefatigable 
writer,  and  his  articles  and  sermons  have  appeared 
in  nearly  every  Baptist  paper  in  the  country.  Ilis 
"  Gazetteer  of  Georgia"  is  a  valuable  book,  and  so  is 
his  "  Christian  and  Jewish  Churches,''  but  his  most 
important  work  is  his  "  Xotes  on  the  New  Testa- 
ment," written  almost  entirely  while  confined  to  his 
bed  by  rheumatism.  In  his  preaching  he  w.os  svs- 
tematic  and  concise,  and  in  his  J'oung  days  very 
vehement  and  impressive.  His  character  was  alto- 
gether above  reproach,  and  his  spirit  much  resem- 
bled that  of  the  Master  he  served.  In  appearance 
he  was  tall  and  commanding,  with  noble  and  digni- 
fied features. 

Shirley,  Rev.  Philemon  Perry,  was  bom  Dec. 
10,  1>27,  in  Hancock  Co.,  Ind.  He  was  converted 
and  baptized  in  1840.  In  1841  his  parents  removed 
to  Iowa.  His  mother  died  in  1848.  Thirsting  for 
knowledge,  he  left  home  at  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
without  money  or  helper,  and  studied,  taught,  and 
preached  for  four  years  among  the  destitute.  AVith 
a  fair  knowledge  of  natural  sciences  he  entered 
Madison  University,  X.  Y.,  and  in  1854  became 


pastor  at  Grafton,  where  he  was  ordained.  A  year 
later  he  returned  to  Iowa,  and  labored  in  that  State 
and  in  Illinois,  preaching  for  many  of  the  impor- 
tant churches,  partly  as  a  pastor,  and  much  of  the 
time  as  an  evangelist,  helping  other  pastors.  He 
has  baptized  about  lOtHJ  converts,  and  seen  many 
others  baptized  by  their  pastors,  with  whom  he  has 
labored.  In  1879  he  removed  with  his  family  to 
California,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Petaluma  ;  lAit  poor  health  prevents  his  continuous 
work  in  the  pulpit.  He  is  .syni|iathetic,  genial,  ami 
eloquent  whenever  he  is  able  to  plead  with  men, 
in  the  pul])it.  for  the  gospel  of  Christ. 

Shorter,  Alfred,  the  son  of  Jacob  Shorter  and 
Adelplia  Bankston,  was  l>orn  in  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.. 
on  the  23<1  of  Xovember,  1803.  During  his  infancy 
he  lost  his  mother,  and  before  he  reached  the  age 
of  niaiiliond  he  was  maile  an  orphan  by  the  death 
of  his  father.  At  sixteen  he  found  employment  as 
a  clerk  in  Monticello,  Jasper  Co.,  and  developed 
such  extraordinary  business  qualifications  that,  be- 
sides gaining  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the 
community,  he  became,  at  the  age  of  thirty,  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  the  town,  noted  for  his 
honor  and  strict  integrity.  About  that  time  he  wa» 
fortunate  enough  to  secure  the  affections  of  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  and  charming  ladies  of  the 
State,  Mrs.  Martha  Baldwin,  who  became  his  wife. 
In  1837  ho  removed  to  Rome,  Ga.,  where  he  h.is 
resided  to  the  present  time,  amassing  a  fortune 
suflicient  to  class  him  among  the  most  wealthy  men 
of  his  State.  For  the  past  fifty  years  he  has  beei» 
a  Baptist,  ever  most  liberal  in  his  contributions  to 
charitable  institutions  and  benevolent  objects.  In 
1877  he  founded  the  Shorter  College,  of  Rome, 
Ga.,  and  presented  it  as  "a  gift  to  our  daughters,"' 
— a  deed  accompanied  by  a  degree  of  enlightened 
liberality  which  places  him  .among  the  great  bene- 
factors of  the  d.ay.  Mr.  Shorter  is  a  gentleman  of 
modesty,  acknowledged  piety,  and  great  generosity. 
Since  the  death  of  his  wife,  which  occurred  in 
1877,  he  has  lived  quietly  and  alone  at  his  retired 
but  elegant  mansion  near  the  city  of  Rome,  <ia. 

Shorter  College. — This  Baptist  institution  of 
learning  for  young  ladies,  at  Rome,  Ga.,  was  organ- 
ized as  the  Cherokee  Baptist  Female  College,  in 
October,  1873.  In  1877  the  property  was  trans- 
ferred to  Alfred  Shorter,  whose  name  the  college 
now  bears.  He  paid  its  debts,  demolished  the  old 
buildings,  and  erected  others  larger  and  far  more 
elegant.  After  their  completion  he  selected  a  board 
of  trustees,  to  whom  he  committed  the  property  in 
trust  for  the  daughters  of  the  land.  The  buildings 
stand  upon  an  eminence,  and  command  views  of 
charming  landscapes  in  all  directions.  The  grounds 
have  been  laid  out  in  beautiful  walks  and  carriage- 
drives,  and  have  been  artistically  terraced.  The 
entire  premises  are  inclosed  by  a  beautiful  iron 


SHORTER 


1055 


SHORTER 


railing.  The  buildings  themselves  are  magnificent 
structures  of  brick,  of  the  latest  and  most  approved 
stvleof  architecture,  and  elaborately  finished.  The 
memorial  cl)apel,  with  its  windows  of  stained  glass, 
and  its  walls  and  ceiling  superbly  adorned  with 
fresco-paintings,  has  been  pronounced  the  most 
elegantly  finished  room  in  tlie  Southern  States. 

Pennington  Hall,  the  principal  boarding-house, 
a  fire-proof  brick  edifice,  four  stories  high,  crowns 
the  summit  of  the  beautifully  terraced  hill.  Its 
large  apartments  are  all  neatly  finished  and  thor- 
oughly warmed  and  ventilated,  and  are  supplied 
with  everything  necessary  for  the  convenience  and 
comfort  of  the  inmates.  The  buildings  are  all  sup- 
plied with  gas-pipes  and  steam-pipes,  which  are 
used  for  lighting  and  heating  the  various  apart- 
ments. The  institution  is  furnished  with  an  ex- 
cellent chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus,  and 
with  a  cabinet  nf  minerals  and  fossils. 

Though  young  in  years,  Shorter  College  is  already 
known  throughout  the  land  as  one  of  the  best  pub- 
lic institutions  of  learning  in  the  country,  and  is 
classed  with  the  first  colleges  for  females  in  Amer- 
ica. It  is  a  noble  monument  of  the  munificent 
liberality  and  enlightened  zeal  in  the  cause  of  ed- 
ucation of  him  whose  name  it  bears,  atid  whose 
donations,  to  the  extent  of  more  than  a  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  have  made  him  one  of  the  great- 
est benefactors  of  Georgia. 

Shorter,  Col.  Eli,  was  a  leading  lawyer,  a  man 
of  the  first  order  of  culture,  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Congress  before  the  war,  colonel  of  a  Con- 
federate regiment  during  the  war,  and  prominently 
connected  with  Alabama  politics  since.  Col.  Shorter 
was  an  orator  of  a  high  order,  and  every  way  a  bril- 
liant man.  He  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Gov. 
Shorter,  of  Alabama,  and  otherwise  honorably  con- 
nected in  family  relations.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Eufaula  church,  and  an  officer  of  the  Alabama 
Baptist  Convention.     He  died  in  1878. 

Shorter,  Gov.  John  Gill,  was  born  in  Jasper 
Co.,  Ga.,  in  l>ls.  and  graduated  at  the  university 
of  that  State  in  1837.  His  father  having  pre- 
viously removed  to  Eufaula,  Ala.,  the  son  followed, 
and  began  the  practice  of  the  law.  In  184l!  he  was 
appointed  State's  attorney  for  a  circuit  composed 
of  nine  counties.  In  1845  he  was  elected  to  the 
senate,  and  in  1851  to  the  house.  In  1852  he  was 
appointed  by  the  governor  circuit  judge.  The  .ap- 
pointment was  ratified  by  the  people,  and  Judge 
Shorter  continued  on  the  bench  nine  years.  He 
was  an  able  and  upright  judge,  administering  the 
law  fearlessly  and  impartially,  exerting  a  healthful 
influence  on  the  bar,  and  creating  by  his  charges  to 
the  grand  juries  and  intercourse  with  the  people,  a 
sound  public  opinion.  The  law  in  Alabama  then 
recjuired  alternation  of  circuits,  and  Judge  Shorter 
became  the  most  popular  man  in  the  State. 


When  the  troubles  between  the  North  and  the 
South  began,  he  was  appointed  commissioner  from 
Alabama  to  Georgia,  and  in  ISGl  was  appointed  by 
the  Convention  a  deputy  in  the  Provincial  Confed- 


GOV.  JOHN    GII.L    SHORTER. 

erate  Congress.  He  was  then  elected  governor,  and 
served  with  ability  for  two  years.  When  he  re- 
tired from  public  life  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
the  law,  and  continued  in  it  until  May  29,  1872, 
when  he  died,  his  last  words  being 

"*To  Cannan'!«  fair  and  happy  land, 
VTiere  my  poesessions  lie,* 

I  want  to  be  off." 

Gov.  Shorter  was  a  de.acon  in  the  Baptist  church 
at  Eufaula,  the  moderator  of  his  Association,  a  lib- 
eral contributor  to  all  benevolent  enterprises,  and 
universally  beloved  as  a  man  of  God. 

The  death-bed  of  this  Christian  lawyer,  patriot, 
and  statesman  bore  clear  testimony  to  the  truth 
and  comforts  of  the  religion  of  Jesus.  It  was  il- 
lumined by  celestial  radiance.  The  atonement  of 
Christ  was  the  basal  truth  of  his  religious  creed. 
Repeatedly,  in  his  last  days,  he  said,  •'  I  have  no 
fear,  nor  doubt,  nor  anxiety,  none  tchatecer.  The 
atonement  of  Christ,  oh.  it  is  a  rock,  a  refuge !'' 
With  undimmed  faith,  he  said,  "There  i>  a  truth 
in  religion  :  it  is  all  true ;  and  a  power  in  the 
atonement  of  Christ.  It  is  a  reality,  a  glorious 
reality.  As  sure  as  the  sun  shines,  so  sure  is  my 
faith  in  the  .plan  of  redemption  and  in  the  atone- 
ment of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  which  will  stand 
firm  as  the  everlasting  hills." 


SUOUSE 


1056 


SUUEY 


Shouse,  Daniel  Lewis,  was  bom  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  April  0,  1S27.  He  left  his  father's  home  at 
nineteen  years  of  age,  and  taught  a  district  school. 
He  taughtalso  in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  He  united  with  tlie 
Baptist  church  in  Fisherville,  Ky.,  and  engaged  in 
business.  He  became  active  in  the  Sabbath-school, 
the  chief  work  of  his  life.  In  1855  he  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  became  a  resident  of  Kansas  City, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death.  At  first  he  was  a 
iiierohant,  then  cashier  of  the  Mechanics'  Bank  for 
several  years,  till  he  organized  the  Kansas  City 
National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  cashier  till  he 
died.  He  was  a  power  in  advancing  the  growth 
of  the  city,  its  banks,  schools,  and  churches.  His 
church,  the  Baptist,  owes  much  to  his  toils,  prayers, 
and  gifts.  The  Baptist  college  at  Liberty,  the  Gen- 
eral Association,  and  the  Sabbath-School  State  Con- 
vention, of  which  he  was  so  long  the  elEcient  secre- 
tary, all  were  aided  in  no  ordinary  degree  by  him. 
For  years  he  was  the  efficient  and  loved  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbath-school  in  Kansas  City. 
By  the  advice  of  his  physician  he  gave  up  its  care. 
In  peace  and  war  he  was  with  it,  and  it  was  the 
largest  and  best  in  the  city.  In  his  last  days  he 
was  patient,  waiting  for  the  Master's  Call.  He  was 
cheerful  and  hopeful  in  the  darkest  hour.  Rarely 
has  a  death  produced  such  a  feeling  in  the  commu- 
nity as  Mr.  Shouse's.  The  influence  is  still  felt. 
Rarely  is  a  man  so  sincerely  and  universally  hon- 
ored and  loved  by  man,  woman,  and  child.  Truly 
"  a  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than  great 
riches." 

Shreveport  University,  Shreveport,  La.— In 
1870  an  association  of  gentlemen  at  Shreveport 
purchased  the  Helm  School  property,  with  seventy 
acres  of  land  attached,  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city, 
intending  to  develop  the  value  of  the  property, 
and  devote  the  proceeds  to  the  establishment  of  a 
university.  A  company  was  organized  to  extend 
the  street  railroad  to  the  property.  An  arrange- 
ment was  made  with  the  Southern  Life  Insurance 
Company  by  which  policies  were  to  be  taken  in 
favor  of  the  university,  and  the  insurance  com- 
pany advanced  money  to  put  up  buildings.  A 
large  brick  edifice  was  erected,  and  nearly  com- 
pleted. The  school  was  opened  in  1S71,  under 
Rev.  M.  S.  Shirk.  In  1872,  Rev.  W.  E.  Paxton 
was  elected  president.  But  in  1873  the  city  was 
ravaged  by  yellow  fever,  succeeded  by  a  financial 
panic.  The  insurance  company  failed,  the  prop- 
erty depreciated,  and  a  collapse  was  the  result. 

Shuck,  Rev.  J.  Lewis,  was  horn  at  Alexandria, 
Va.,  Seiit.  4,  1812.  In  early  life  he  became  a 
Christian.  He  was  ordained  in  1835,  and  at  once 
went  as  a  missionary  to  China,  sent  by  the  Tri- 
ennial Convention.  In  1837  he  baptized  his  first 
convert  at  Macao.  In  1840  the  agent  from  whom 
he  received  support  failed.      He  removed  to  Hong- 


Kong  and  supported  himself  by  editing  a  paper, 
but  did  not  suspend  his  work  as  a  missionary.  In 
1843  the  church  he  had  organized  numbered 
twenty-six. 

His  wife  died  in  1843,  and  in  1845  he  returned 
to  the  United  States  to  make  provision  for  his  chil- 
dren. In  1846  he  went  back  to  Shanghai,  China, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Con- 
vention, taking  his  second  wife  with  him. 

He  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1853,  having 
lost  his  second  wife.  In  1854  he  was  sent  by  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  as  a  missionary  to 
the  Chinese  in  California,  taking  his  third  wife 
with  him.  Here  he  spent  seven  years,  discharging 
the  double  duties  of  missionary  and  pastor  of  Sac- 
ramento church.  He  organized  the  first,  perhaps 
the  only,  Chinese  church  on  the  continent. 

Having  spent  twenty-five  years  in  laboring 
among  the  Chinese,  he  returned  to  Barnwell  Court- 
Ilouse,  S.  C,  in  1801,  where  he  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  life,  preaching  to  the  surrounding  churches. 
In  1803  he  rested  from  his  labors,  in  the  fifty-first 
year  of  his  age.  His  son.  Rev.  L.  11.  Shuck,  I). I).. 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charleston, 
received  the  mantle  of  the  ascending  father. 

Shuck,  L.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Singapore,  on 
the  Malay  Peninsula,  while  his  parents  were  on 
their  way  to  China  as  missionaries,  in  1836.  After 
the  death  of  his  mother,  in  1844,  he  was  sent  back 
to  his  grandfather,  Rev.  Addison  Hall,  in  Virginia, 
where  he  was  prepared  for  college.  He  graduated 
at  Wake  Forest  College,  N.  C,  from  which  he  re- 
ceived the  degrees  of  A.B.,  A.M.,  and  D.D. 

After  his  graduation  he  spent  a  year  as  professor 
in  the  Oxford  Female  College,  N.  C,  and  then  be- 
came principal  of  the  Beulah  Male  Institute,  in  the 
same  State. 

On  the  death  of  his  father,  Rev.  J.  L.  Shuck,  the 
son  took  his  place  as  pastor  of  several  churches  in 
Barnwell  Co.,  S.  C.  lie  was  next  chosen  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Barnwell  Court-House, 
and  from  it  he  removed  to  Charleston,  and  took 
the  pastoral  care  of  the  old  First  church,  in  1869, 
which  position  he  now  holds. 

Shuey,  Gen.  Martin,  was  bom  in  Lebanon  Co., 
Pa.,  Sept.  28,  1785,  of  Lutheran  parents;  entered 
the  military  service,  passed  through  various  official 
grades,  until  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brig- 
adier-general for  his  eminent  services.  In  1825  he 
entered  into  business  and  settled  in  Indiana,  and 
subsequently  in  Illinois,  and  upon  his  conversion, 
in  1826,  examined  the  subject  of  baptism  ;  became 
an  active  Baptist  and  liberal  supporter  of  all 
benevolent  and  church  enterprises.  In  1859  he 
crossed  the  plains,  and  settled  at  Brooklyn,  Cal.  ; 
aided  in  organizing  the  church  there,  in  1800;  was 
its  first  deacon,  and  held  that  office  until  he  was 
over  ninety  years  old.    He  died  Feb.  12,  1876. 


SHURTLEFF 


1057 


SHUTS 


Shnrtleff,  Benjamin,  M.D.,was  bom  in  Boston 
in  1775.  He  graduated  in  17%,  and  commenced 
at  once  the  study  of  medicine.  Having  received 
the  degree  of  M.D.,  he  was  appninted  to  a  situation 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  naval  service  of 
the  United  States.  He  returned  to  Boston  after  a 
brief  period  of  service,  and  gave  himself  with  un- 
tiring energy  and  success  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession for  fifty  years.  He  possessed  those  traits 
of  character  which  made  him  from  the  outset  a 
popular  and  acceptable  physician. 

In  1835.  Dr.  Sluirtleff  made  a  donation  to  Alton 
College,  111.,  of  $10,0UO.  As  a  token  of  their  appre- 
ciation of  the  value  of  the  gift  the  trustees  named 
the  institution  Shurtleff  College.  His  death  oc- 
curred in  Boston,  April  12,  1847. 

Shurtleff  College. — The  first  suggestion  of 
Upper  Alton,  111.,  twenty-five  miles  north  of  St. 
Louis,  as  a  suitable  place  for  a  Baptist  college 
seems  to  have  been  made  by  Dr.  Jonathan  Going, 
who  visited  it  in  1831.  Special  attention  had  only 
in  the  previous  year  been  directed  to  Alton  itself 
as  apo.ssible  commercial  centre,  and  the  two  towns, 
two  and  a  half  miles  apart,  were  then  in  their  in- 
fancy. The  suggestion  of  Dr.  Going,  however,  was 
received  with  approbation,  and  on  June  4,  1832, 
the  seminary  at  Rock  Spring  having  been  removed 
to  the  new  point,  seven  gentlemen  "  formed  a  com- 
pact to  establish  a  college  to  be  under  the  super- 
vision of  Baptists,  and  engaged  in  a  written  obliga- 
tion to  advance  each  $100,  which  was  subsequently 
increased  to  S125,  and  to  become  jointly  obligated 
in  the  loan  of  S'SOO  more."'  We  quote  the  words  of 
Dr.  John  M.  Peck.  These  seven,  with  James  Lemen 
and  J.  M.  Peck,  added  in  LSS.'j,  were  the  original 
trustees  of  the  Alton  Seminary.  With  a  part  of  the 
sum  named  above  a  tract  of  122  acres  was  purchased 
adjoining  the  town  of  Upper  Alton  ;  with  the  re- 
mainder and  added  donations  from  citizens  a  build- 
ing was  erected.  The  school  opened  with  twenty-five 
students,  with  Rev.  Iluljiell  Loomis  as  principal, 
and  Rev.  Lewis  Colby  as  professor  in  the  theological 
department.  The  college  charter  was  granted  by 
act  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1835.  In  its  original 
form  this  charter  forbade  the  establishment  of  a 
theological  department,  but  a  modification  of  it,  by 
act  of  the  Legislature  in  1S41,  removed  that  restric- 
tion. The  institution,  at  first  called  Alton  College, 
received  the  name  it  now  bears  through  Dr.  Benja- 
min Shurtleff,  of  Boston,  who,  in  1835,  made  to  the 
college  the  donation,  very  liberal  at  that  time,  of 
$10,000. 

Instruction  in  theology  has  always  been  an  im- 
portant feature  of  the  college  work,  and  a  few  years 
since,  chiefly  through  the  liherality  of  Mr.  Klijah 
(Jove,  a  theological  department  w,as  formally  or- 
ganized, with  Dr.  R.  E.  Pattison  and  Prof.  E.  C. 
Mitchell  as  instructors.     The  president  of  the  col- 


lege now  gives  instruction  in  Systematic  Theology. 
Justus  Bulkley,  D.D.,  is  Professor  of  Church  His- 
tory and  Church  Polity,  and  Rev.  J.  C.  C.  Clarke, 
Acting  Professor  of  Bihlical  Literature  and  Inter- 
pretation. The  successive  presidents  of  the  college 
have  been  Prof.  Washington  Leverett  (acting  presi- 
dent), 1836^0;  Rev.  Adiel  Sherwood,  D.D.,  1840 
-46  ;  Prof.  Washington  Leverett  (acting  president), 
1847-49;  Rev.  N.  N.  Wood,  D.D.,  1850-55;  Rev. 
Daniel  Read,  LL.D.,  18.5.5-69;  at  which  last  date 
the  present  president,  Dr.  A.  A.  Kendrick,  came 
into  the  office.  Upon  the  faculty,  besides  those 
alre.idy  named,  are  Orlando  L.  Castle,  LL.D., 
Shurtleff  Professor  of  Oratory,  Rhetoric,  and 
Belles-Lettres  ;  Charles  Fairman,  LL.D.,  Hunter 
Lecturer  on  Chemistry,  Geology,  and  Mineralogy ; 
J.  C.  C.  Clarke.  Gove  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  Languages  and  Literature ;  Charles  Fair- 
m.an,LL.D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy;  John  D.  Hodge,  A.M.,  M.D.,  instructor 
in  Botany,  Zoology,  and  Physiology  ;  Charles  B. 
Dodge,  A.M.,  principal  of  the  prepanitory  depart- 
ment. 

In  the  year  1876  a  centennial  fund  of  SIOO.OOO 
was  raised  for  the  college  by  Dr.  G.  J.  Johnson, 
which  has  greatly  relieved  the  college  by  placing 
its  finances  upon  a  sounder  basis.  In  all  respects 
Shurtlefi"  College  is  a  prosperous  institution,  hold- 
ing a  high  rank  among  tlie  colleges  of  the  West. 
Its  past  record  is  one  for  which  any  institution  msiy 
cherish  abounding  gratitude  to  the  God  of  good- 
ness. 

Shute,  Samuel  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pbilndcl- 
phia,  Pa.,  Jan.  24,  1823;  prepared  lor  college  in 
the  academy  of  Dr.  AVm.  Curran  ;  entered  the 
Sophomore  class  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1841  ;  graduated,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  in 
1844,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.,  in  course, 
in  1847;  was  baptized,  in  the  fall  of  1845,  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Shadrach,  and  united  with  the  Fifth  Bap- 
tist churcli,  Pliihulclpliia ;  licensed  by  the  same 
church  to  preach,  July  26,  1847.  Prosecuted  his 
theological  studies  in  the  seminary  of  the  Re- 
formed Presbyterian  Church,  Philadelphia,  at  that 
time  under  the  supervision  of  the  Rev.  S.  B.  Wylie, 
D.D.,  vice-provost  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, Dr.  Crawford,  Dr.  Theu.  T.  Wylie,  and  others. 
While  engaged  in  his  theological  studies  he  was 
chosen  instructor  of  English  literature  in  the 
Sigoigne  (French)  Academy  for  young  Indies,  in 
Philadelphia,  Avhich  position  he  held  for  several 
years,  until  his  ordination.  During  one  year  of 
this  period  he  also  served  as  assistant  editor  of  the 
ChrixtiiiH  Chronicle,  a  Baptist  religious  journal, 
published  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  .'Vmerican  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  con- 
ducted by  the  Rev.  Ileman  Lincoln.  D.D.,  and  the 
Rev.  W.  B.  -laoobs.     In  the  fall  of  1852  he  received 


BHCTE 


1058 


SK'KLFMORE 


acall  to  tlie  pastorate  of  tlie  Baptist  church  in  Pein- 
bertoii,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J.,  which  he  accepted, 
entering  on  liis  labors  there  Jan.  1.  lS.i3.  and  re- 
ceivin";   ordination  on   the   17th  of  the  following 


SAMUET,    M.    SIIfTE,  D.D. 

February.  He  remained  in  Peniberton  three  years, 
and  at  the  termination  of  that  period,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  ill  health  of  his  wife,  he  prepared  to 
remove  to  Alexandria,  Vu.,  having  been  invited  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that 
city,  on  the  resignation  of  Rev.  H.  II.  Tucker, 
D.D.  He  remained  here  three  years,  during  which 
time  a  beautiful  church  edifice  was  built,  and  about 
100  baptized  and  added  to  the  church.  In  the  fall 
of  1859  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  English 
Language  and  Literature  in  the  Columbian  Col- 
lege, which  position  he  accepted,  and  still  holds, 
having  given  the  institution  up  to  this  time  a  con- 
tinuous service  of  twenty-two  years.  During  his 
connection  with  the  college  he  has  spent  most  of 
hi.s  Sabbaths  in  preaching,  although  having  chixrge 
of  no  churches,  except  for  short  periods,  and  while 
they  were  endeavoring  to  secure  regular  pastors. 
In  addition  to  his  one  year  of  editorial  labors  in 
Philadelphia,  Prof.  Shute  has  written  quite  a  good 
deal,  having  contributed  frequently  to  monthly  and 
weekly  periodicals,  to  The  Nation,  of  New  York, 
and  occasional  articles  to  the  Southern  Revieu-  and 
to  the  Baptist  Quarterly.  In  18G5  he  published  an 
"Anglo-Saxon  Manual,''  the  second  test-book  of 
the  kind  issued  in  this  country,  and  the  first  to 
reject  the  primary  English  methods  of  grammati- 
cal exposition  of  the  language,  and  to  base  it  on 


the  more  scientific  plan  of  Heyne  and  other  Ger- 
man scholars.  This  book  has  passed  to  a  third 
edition,  and  has  been  extensively  used  in  the  high 
scliools  and  colleges  of  this  country.  Prof.  Shute,  at 
the  request  of  Kev.  Dr.  Cathcart,  the  editor  of  the 
"  Baptist  Encyclopaedia,''  has  prepared  the  bio- 
graphical sketches  contained  in  this  work  of  the 
ministers  and  Kavmen  of  Maryland,  Virginia,  and 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

His  first  wife,  who  lived  only  three  years  after 
their  marriage,  having  died  before  the  close  of  his 
pastoral  labors  in  Pemberton,  was  Miss  Phebe  II. 
Taylor,  of  Taylorsville,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  ;  liis  present 
wife  wa.s  Miss  Jane  C.  Kerfoot,  daughter  of  Daniel 
S.  Kerfoot,  of  Fauquier  Co.,  Va. 

The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Mercer  University,  Ga. 

Dr.  ."^Iiute  is  a  man  of  a  quick  and  penetrating 
intellect,  and  of  a  sound  judgment,  and  to  these 
gifts  of  nature  years  of  diligent  study  have  added 
a  wide  and  varied  culture.  He  has  been  not  only 
a  successful  professor  of  the  Greek,  Latin,  Anglo- 
Saxnn,  and  German  languages,  but  also  a  careful 
student  in  other  departments  of  knowledge,  and 
especially  in  English  literature  .and  in  theology. 

As  a  professor,  in  the  branches  above  referred  to, 
as  well  as  in  rhetoric  and  in  kindred  studies,  be 
has  been  able,  faithful,  successful,  and  popular. 

As  a  writer,  he  is  forcible  and  chaste. 

As  a  preacher  of  the  gospel,  he  is  instructive,  and 
there  is  a  frequent  demand  for  his  pulpit  services 
in  Washington  and  in  the  neighboring  cities. 

Sibley,  Rev.  W.  L.,  a  pioneer  prejicher  in  Lou- 
isiana, was  born  in  Georgia  in  1795;  settled  in 
Wasliington  Parish.  La.,  in  1825.  In  1847  he  re- 
moved to  Sabine  Parish,  and  became  a  co-laborer 
with  Father  Bray.  He  was  instrumental  in  build- 
ing up  many  churches  both  in  Eastern  and  West- 
ern Louisiana.     He  died  Oct.  21,  1801. 

Sicklemore,  Rev.  James,  was  a  clergyman  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  of  England,  and  became  a 
Baptist  about  1640. 

His  change  of  views  about  baptism  occurred  sin- 
gularly, and  yet  very  naturally.  He  was  rector  of 
Singleton,  Sussex,  and  in  catechising  the  young 
people  of  his  parish  he  took  occasion  to  speak  of 
the  promises  made  by  godfathers  and  godmothers 
on  behalf  of  children  at  their  baptism.  One  of 
those  who  were  present  inquired  if  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures gave  authority  for  anything  he  said.  For 
the  moment  he  defended  himself  by  the  general 
practice  of  the  Christian  Church,  but,  after  exam- 
ining the  Word  of  God  and  other  ancient  Christian 
documents,  he  saw  that  infant  baptism  was  a  mere 
human  tradition,  without  the  authority  of  inspira- 
tion or  of  the  apostolic  age.  He  disapproved  of 
tithes,  and  gave  away  most  of  his  income  to  the 
needy.     He  was  "  famous  for  his  piety  and  learn- 


SIMMONS 


1059 


SINGING 


inj;,"'  and   under  God  he  wtis  the  founder*of  the 
Baptist  churclies  of  Portsmouth  and  Chichester. 
Simmons,  James  B.,  D.D.,  was   bom  in  the 

townsliip  of  Northpast,  N.  Y.,  April  17,  1827.  lie 
made  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ  at  the  ajre  of 
sixteen  years,  was  graduated  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  ISol,  and  in  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  18.54.  He  was  pastor  of  First  Baptist 
church  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  three  years;  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  four 
years  ;  and  of  the  Fifth  (old  Siuisom  Street)  church 
of  Pliiladelphia,  Pa.,  five  and  a  half  years.  In 
Indianapolis  he  established  a  mission,  which  has 
grown  into  the  South  church.  In  Philadelphia  he 
set  in  motion  the  celebrated  adult  "  Bible  schools" 
now  so  common  in  the  churches.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Honie  Mission  Society,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  for  seven  years.  He  had  special  charge 
of  the  freedmen's  department,  establishing  seven 
schools  for  their  education.  He  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  in  1870.  In  1877  he  accepted  the  pastor- 
ate of  Trinity  Baptist  church,  New  York,  which  he 
still  retains.  His  special  labor  for  the  salvation 
of  Chinamen  has  i-esulted  in  the  conversion  of  a 
few  of  them,  and  about  twenty  are  members  of 
his  Bible  schools.  lie  is  the  author  of  several  tr.acts 
published  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society. 

Simmons,  Lockey,  was  bom  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  C,  April  14,  1796  ;  baptized  by  \oah  Rich- 
ardson at  the  age  of  twenty-three;  was  county 
surveyor  for  many  years;  accumulated  a  good 
estate,  and  was  a  great  friend  of  education.  He 
aided  several  young  ministers  in  their  studies.  He 
died  at  Wake  Forest  College,  at  the  house  of  his 
son.  Prof.  W.  G.  Simmons,  Jan.  2Z.  1880. 

Simmons,  Prof.  W.  G.,  was  bom  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  C,  March  4,  1830;  graduated  with  high 
honor  at  Wake  Forest  in  1852  ;  read  law  at  Chapel 
Hill  with  Judge  Battle  and  Hon.  S.  F.  Philipps; 
came  to  Wake  Forest  College  in  185.')  as  Professor 
of  Mathematics  ;  is  now  Professor  of  Natural  Sci- 
ence in  the  same  institution  and  a  man  of  un- 
doubted learning. 

Simonson,  Rev.  George  A.,  is  of  Baptist  an- 
cestry. His  graM<lfatlier.  Kev.  George  Allen,  was 
pastor  at  Burlingtijn,  N.  J.,  and  his  father,  Rev.  P. 
Simonson,  at  Providence.  R.  I.  He  was  born  at 
Providence.  His  father  dying  early,  George's  boy- 
hood was  spent  in  Burlington,  N.  J.  Baptized  at 
twelve  years  of  age,  George,  by  the  loss  of  his 
mother,  was  an  orphan  at  thirteen,  passing  his 
three  following  years  in  a  boarding-scluwl.  The 
remaining  years  of  his  youth  he  was  in  the  West, 
learning  practical  surveying  and  civil  engineering, 
though  he  afterwards  returned  and  graduated  at 
the  Polytechnic  College  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 


vania. He  then  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession as  division  engineer  on  the  Pittsburgh.  Fort 
Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad.  In  1856  he  taught 
the  high  school  at  Indianapolis.  Here,  feeling 
called  to  the  ministry,  he  gave  up  teaching  to  take 
the  full  theological  course  at  Rochester,  grailuating 
in  the  class  of  1864.  The  seven  following  years 
were  given  to  incessant  labors  in  the  Western  min- 
istry, most  of  them  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  Leav- 
ing his  last  settlement  there  of  nearly  four  years 
in  Pontiac,  111.,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Windsor 
Avenue  church  of  Hartford.  Conn.,  in  1871.  lie 
entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  Fifth  church. 
Newark,  N.  J.,  in  the  spring  of  1874,  since  which 
time  the  meeting-house  has  been  enlarged  and  beau- 
tified at  considerable  expense,  and  many  members 
have  been  adiled  to  the  rburch. 

Singing  in  Public  Worship.— In  the  end  of 
the  seventeenth  century  singing  w;is  introduced 
among  the  English  Baptists.  Probably  persecution 
had  much  to  do  with  its  general  omission  in  their 
religious  assemblies.  Nothing  more  useful  to  (he 
informer  could  have  been  contrived  than  songs  of 
praise  from  a  large  congregation.  In  Benjamin 
Reach's  church,  for  some  years  Ijefore  the  happy 
revolution  which  placed  William  III.  upon  the 
throne  and  gave  the  Dissenters  restricted  religious 
liberty,  .singing  was  practised  at  the  close  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  even  when  it  was  used  as  a  guide 
to  the  informer.  It  is  thought  that  church  music 
was  first  employed  in  divine  service  among  the 
Baptists  in  Mr.  Reach's  meetings.  He  introduced 
it  among  his  people  gradually.  At  first,  after  the 
celebration  of  the  Supper:  and  they  had  no  singing 
but  this  for  six  years,  then  on  public  thanksgiving 
days,  and  this  continued  for  fourteen  years,  and 
then  the  church  solemnly  agreed  to  sing  the  praises 
of  God  every  Lord's  day.  But  some  of  his  people 
withdrew  and  founded  the  Maze  Pond  church  on 
the  principles  of  the»mother-church,  but  they  for- 
mally prohibited  singing  in  their  worship. 

In  1G91,  Mr.  Reach  wrote  a  work  called  "The 
Breach  Repaired  ;  or,  Singing  of  Psalms  and 
Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs  proved  to  be  a  Holy 
Ordinance  of  Jesus  Christ.''  It  seems  strange  that 
such  a  book  was  necessary,  and  more  remarkable 
that  it  met  with  bitter  opposition  for  a  sea.son. 

When  the  Second  church  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  was 
formed,  in  1656,  among  the  reasons  given  by  the 
twenty-one  persons  who  founded  it  for  leaving  the 
First  church  was  that  they  disapproved  of  psalmody 
which  the  parent  community  used.  Dr.  Guild, 
speaking  of  the  First  church  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
when  Dr.  Manning  settled  in  that  city,  and  of  .Mr. 
Winsor,  who  preceded  Dr.  Manning  as  pastor, 
says,  '■  The  true  cause  of  opposition  to  Dr.  Man- 
ning was  his  '  holding  to  singing  in  public  wor- 
ship, which  was  highly  disgustful  to  Mr.  Winsor.' 


SIOUX 


1060 


SKINNER 


On  this  point  the  sentiments  of  the  Quakers  appear 
to  have  prevailed  in  the  church,  and  sinijing  was 
discarded  as  unautliorized  l)y  the  New  Testament.  " 
Mr.  Winsor  and  his  friend.s  seceded  from  the  church 
heeausc  of  the  supposed  departure  of  Dr.  Manning 
and  the  church  from  tlie  six  principles  laid  down 
in  Hebrews  vi.  1,  2:  "  Not  laying  again  the  foun- 
dation of  repentance  from  dead  works,  and  of  faith 
toward  God,  of  the  doctrine  of  baptisms,  and  of 
laying  on  of  hands,  and  of  resurrection  of  the 
dead,  and  of  eternal  judgment." 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  with  a  population  of  7246, 
is  on  the  east  side  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  UX)0 
miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  the  county-town  of 
Woodbury  County,  and  the  largest  city  of  North- 
western Iowa.  The  Sioux  City  Baptist  church  was 
organized  in  1800,  but  remained  a  feeble  interest 
for  several  years.  In  l!S71,  when  Rev.  James  Sun- 
derland became  pastor,  there  were  only  14  mem- 
bers, but  in  1876  the  number  had  increased  to  90. 
They  have  recently  enlarged  and  improved  their 
iiH'cting-houso,  and  now  have  144  members. 

Sisty,  Rev.  John,  w.is  born  March  26,  1783; 
baptized  July  4,  1802,  by  Rev.  Thomas  Ustick,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  in  August,  1817,  he  began 
to  hold  meetings  at  Iladdonfield,  N.,J.,  which  re-  j 
suited  in  the  organization  of  the  church  there  in 
1818.  He  continued  as  pastor  there  for  twenty- 
one  years,  and  was  greatly  prospered  and  beloved. 
He  was  instrumental  in  forming  the  Baptist  church 
at  Moorestown.      Ho  died  Oct.  2,  1863. 

Six-Principle  Baptists. — These  churches  of  the 
great  Baptist  faiMily  bold,  as  their  distinguishing 
doctrines,  the  six  principles  mentioned  in   Heb.  vi. 
1,  2.     They  claim  a  history  running  far  back  into 
the  past,  as  may  be   learned   from    Rev.  Richard 
Knight's  "  History  of  the  General  or  Six-Principle 
Baptists  in  Europe  and  America,"   published  in 
1827.     In  this  country,  at  first,  they  did  not  differ  ; 
from  the  Particular  or  Regular  Baptists,  save  in 
the  matter  of  the  laying  on  of  hands  ;   but  later 
they  swerved  to  Arminianism,  yet  remained  strict 
conimunionists.      They  were   once   comparatively  ' 
strong  in  Rhode  Island,  being  among  the  first  to 
establish  themselves  in  the  soul-free  colony ;  and 
for  a  time  they  claimed  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Newport, 
and    the   first   churches    in    many   of    the  towns.  ' 
They  once  had  the  lead  in  thirteen  of  the  present 
thirty-six  towns  of  the  State.     Near  the  year  1700 
they  formed  a  Yearly  Meeting ;  indeed,  they  now  | 
date  their  annual  meeting  from  1670.    This  Yearly 
Meeting  embraces  their  churches  in  New  England.  ! 
In  1729  it  counted  twelve  churches  and  eighteen 
ordained  elders. 

As  a  people  they  flourished  until  about  the  period 
of  the  Revolution,  when  failing  to  manifest  a  proper 
degree  of  enterprise,  and  neglecting  education,  liter- 


ature, and  an  aggressive  spirit,  they  began,  prior  to 
1800,  to  decline  in  popularity  and  numbers,  and 
have  rapidly  decreased  within  the  last  sixty  years. 
A  number  of  their  once  strong  churches  have  be- 
come Regular  Baptists.  A  few  from  sheer  feeble- 
ness have  fallen  into  the  arms  of  the  Free-Will 
Baptists.  They  are  now,  as  they  have  always  been 
in  this  country,  without  an  academy  or  college,  or 
periodical  organ  or  distinctive  literature,  or  mis- 
sionary society  for  home  or  foreign  work.  They 
seem  to  have  waned  on  account  of  their  inactivity; 
yet  they  have  ever  been  a  pure,  sincere  people. 

At  present,  in  New  England,  they  count  less  than 
a  dozen  small,  expiring  churches,  and  a  roll  of 
hardly  more  than  a  thousand  active  members. 
They,  however,  maintain  a  Yearly  Meeting.  A 
small — very  small — Association  of  this  order  is 
reported  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  where 
their  existence  is  like  a  flickering  lamp.  In  New 
England  we  can  find  at  present  (1880)  but  two 
churches  outside  of  Rhode  Island, — one  in  Connec- 
ticut and  one  in  Massaclmsetts. 

Skinner,  Deacon  Charles  W.,  was  bom.  in 
1780,  in  Perquimans  Co.,  N.  C.  The  death  of  his 
first  wife  led  to  his  conversion,  and  he  is  said  to 
have  been  comforted  in  reading  the  fortieth  chapter 
of  Isaiah.  He  joined  the  Presbyterian  church  at 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  his  brother  Thomas  was 
studying  theology,  but  afterwards  connected  him- 
self with  Bethel  Baptist  church  in  Perquimans 
County,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Riil^ert  F. 
Daniel.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  used  to  ride  hundreds 
of  miles  in  his  sulky  to  attend  its  sessions.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  and  best  friends  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  pledging  his  personal  jiroperty  for 
its  debts,  and  giving  it  at  one  time  as  much  as 
$5000. 

Mr.  Skinner  was  remarkable  for  his  benevolence, 
and  probably  gave  to  the  cause  of  Christ  more 
money  than  any  Baptist  who  ever  lived  in  North 
Carolina.  lie  gave  S2000  towards  building  the 
church  at  Bethel :  he  gave  S7000  tow.irds  the  beauti- 
ful church  in  Hertford,  which  cost  §16,100;  he  gave 
$2000  to  erect  the  house  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Raleigh,  and  he  probably  gave,  all  told,  $10,001) 
to  AV'ake  Forest  College.  It  has  been  said  that  he 
gave  not  less  than  $.i0.000  to  the  various  objects 
of  benevolence  in  North  Carolina.  His  brother, 
Thomas  11.  .Skinner.  D.D.,  was  so  eminent  a  Presby- 
terian minister  that,  when  he  died  a  few  years  since 
in  New  York  City,  hundreds  of  ministers  attended 
his  funeral.  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Skinner,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh,  is  his  son.  Deacon 
Skinner  died  A|iril  15,  1877. 

Skinner,  Thomas  E.,  D.D.,  youngest  son  of 
Charles  W.  and  Mary  C.  Skinner,  was  born  in  Per- 
quimans Co.,  N.  C,  April  29,  1825;  graduated  at 


SLACK 


1061 


SLATER 


the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1847  :  began 
life  as  a  planter  ;  was  baptized  at  Bethel  church, 
by  Rev.  Q.  II.  Trotnian,  Jan.  19.  IS.jl  ;  graduated 
at  the  Union  Theolo<;ical  Seminary.  X.  Y.,  May  8, 
18.54,  his  uncle,  Dr.  T.  H.  Skinner,  being  a  profes- 
sor in  that  institution  ;  settled  as  pastor  in  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  in  November,  1854 ;  became  pastor  of 
First  Baptist  church,  Raleigh,  in  November.  1855; 
settled  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  November,  1807  ;  removed  to  Columbus,  Ga., 
in  November,  1870;  to  Athens,  Ga.,  in  August, 
1871 ;  to  Macon,  Ga.,  in  December,  1875,  being 
pastor  in  each  of  these  places;  and  in  September, 
1879,  became  pastor  the  second  time  of  the  First 
church  in  Raleigh,  being  both  the  predecessor  and 
successor  of  Dr.  Thomas  H.  I'ritchard,  D.D.  Be- 
sides being  the  pastor  of  the  largest  and  most  in- 
fluential church  in  the  State,  Dr.  Skinner  is  the 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Wake  Forest 
College.  He  was  made  a  D.D.  by  Furman  Uni- 
versity, S.  C. 

Slack,  Mrs.  Mary,  was  born  in  New  Castle 
Co.,  Del.,  Nov.  is,  1^09.  Died  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Sept.  12,  1878. 

She  commenced  business  in  a  limited  way.  in 
Wilmington,  Del.,  in  1840,  and  was  so  successful 
as  to  retire  in  1873  with  a  small  fortune. 

She  was  baptized  March  13,  1842,  upon  profes- 
sion of  her  faith  in  Christ,  by  Rev.  Sanford  Leach, 
then  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  with 
which  church  she  united.  Withdrew,  in  1805,  with 
others,  from  the  Second  church  to  form  tlie  Del- 
aware Avenue  church,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Rev.  Geo.  W.  Folwell,  first  pastor  of  the  Dela- 
ware Avenue  church,  and  her  pastor  for  some 
years,  s.iys  of  her  :  "  I  believe  Sister  Slack  gave 
about  $10,000  to  the  Delaware  Avenue  Baptist 
church.  During  most  of  my  pastorate  she  rented 
two  of  the  most  expensive  pews  in  the  church,  for 
which  she  paid  §80  per  year.  This  she  did  not  only 
to  increase  the  revenue  of  the  church,  but  also  to 
have  the  privilege  and  pleasure  of  inviting  friends 
and  visitors  to  sit  with  her.  She  was  very  seldom 
absent  from  any  of  the  services  of  the  church. 
She  was  unostentatious  and  umibtrusive,  simple 
and  sincere  in  her  professions  and  practices,  and 
evidently  constrained  by  the  love  of  Christ.  On 
wore  than  one  occasion,  when  offering  to  add  one 
or  more  thousand  dollars  to  her  contributions  to 
the  building  fund,  and  I  questioned  whether  or  not 
it  was  her  duty  to  do  so,  she  said,  "  I  was  awake 
nearly  all  night  praying  about  it.  and  I  believe  my 
heavenly  Father  wants  me  to  give  it.'  When  she 
thought  I  was  trying  to  check  her  liberality,  she 
said,  '  Do  you  want  to  rob  me  of  the  pleasure  of 
doing  good?'  " 

The  last  large  contribution  she  gave,  one  of 
$2000,  she  procured  by  giving  a  mortgage  on  her 


home  for  the  greater  part  of  it,  and  paid  the  interest 
herself. 

In  addition  to  her  larger  donations,  she  gave 
liberally  to  every  benevolent  object  presented  in 
the  church,  besides  giving  to  our  denominational 
societies,  sometimes,  one-fourth  of  the  church's  an- 
nual contribution.  She  was  decidedly  the  largest 
contributor  to  the  funds  of  the  Delaware  Avenue 
Baptist  church. 

The  number  and  extent  of  her  private  benefac- 
tions no  man  knows.  The  writer  frequently  heard 
of  them  as  he  visited  among  the  sick  and  poor.  Her 
pastor  and  his  family,  and  even  their  friends  who 
visited  them,  were  many,  many  times  refreshed  by 
her  gifts. 

Slack,  Rev.  W.  L.,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 
preacher  and  teacher  at  Pontotoc,  Miss.,  was  born 
in  Cincinnati,  0.,  in  1819.  His  father  was  an  emi- 
nent Presbyterian  minister,  and  president  of  Cin- 
cinnati College,  under  whose  careful  training  Dr. 
Slack  became  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  in  1S40 
received  the  degree  of  A..M.  from  Miami  Univer- 
sity. Having  studied  medicine,  circumstances  di- 
verted him  from  his  original  plan,  and  he  engaged 
in  teaching  in  Tennessee.  While  giving  instruc- 
tion in  Greek  he  was  led  to  change  his  views  on 
baptism.  The  reasons  for  this  change  he  has  given 
in  a  little  work  entitled  •'  Slack's  Reasons  for  be- 
coming a  Baptist,"  which  has  been  widely  circu- 
lated. He  united  with  the  Baptists,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1852,  at  Denmark,  Tenn.,  where  he  was 
teaching.  Subsequently  he  became  president  of 
Mary  Washington  College,  Pontotoc,  Miss.  The 
buildings  having  been  destroyed  by  fire  during 
the  war,  he  founded  the  Baptist  Female  College  at 
the  same  place,  with  which  he  remained  until  fail- 
ing health  compelled  him  to  desist.  lie  has  also 
supplied  the  Pontotoc  church  twenty-five  years. 

Slade,  Rev.  T.  B.,  for  many  years  principal  of 
a  high  school  for  young  ladies  in  Columbus,  and  a 
distinguished  and  successful  educator,  was  born  in 
North  Carolina.  He  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill, 
taking  the  first  honor.  He  came  to  Georgia,  and 
opened  a  school  at  Clinton.  Jones  Co.  :  helped  to 
organize  the  Wesleyan  Female  College  at  Macon  ; 
took  charge  of  a  female  seminary  at  I'enficid,  and 
then  removed  to  Columbus,  about  1842,  where  he 
has  resided  ever  since.  Few  men.  if  any,  in  the 
State  have  sent  forth  into  society  more  well-edu- 
cated young  ladies  than  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Slade,  of 
Columbus.     At  present  he  is  an  octogenarian. 

Slater,  Rev.  Franklin  S.,  was  bom  in  St. 
Lawrence  Co..  X.  Y.,  Feb.  11,  1823:  graduated 
from  Madison  University  in  1850;  had  brief  settle- 
ments in  Connecticut  and  New  York,  but  most  of 
his  ministerial  life  has  been  spent  in  New  Jersey. 
During  his  six  years'  pastorate  at  Keyport  a  fine 
church  edifice  was  built,  and  at  Matawan,  where 


SLATER 


1062 


SMALL 


his  pastorate  has  extended  to  fifteen  years,  the 
church  has  grown,  and  the  name  of  the  ^ood  pas- 
tor is  a  household  word  in  tlie  community. 

Slater,  Rev.  Leonard,  missionary  to  the  Ot- 
tawa Indians,  was  liorn  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Nov. 
1(),  1802:  was  converted  at  the  aire  of  sixteen,  and 
studied  for  the  ministry  witli  Dr.  Going.  He  was 
appointed  missionary  to  the  Indians  by  the  board 
of  the  Triennial  Convention  in  1826.  After  reach- 
ing Detroit,  in  company  with  Mrs.  Slater,  he  trav- 
eled on  horseback  200  miles  through  the  woods  to 
Carey  Station,  near  where  Niles  now  is,  and  began 
liis  missionary  work.  The  next  year  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Thomas  Station  (now  Grand  llapids), 
where  he  remaiiii'd  nine  years,  teaching  and  preach- 
ing. He  learned  their  language  so  as  to  use  it  an 
readily  as  English.  The  progress  of  w^hite  settle- 
ments made  necessary  a  change  of  residence  for 
the  missionary,  and  in  1836  he  removed  to  Barry 
County,  near  I'rairieville,  and  continued  his  work 
among  the  Ottawas  for  the  next  sixteen  years. 
The  Indians  became  greatly  attached  to  him,  and 
many  of  them  were  hopefully  converted.  In  1852 
he  retired  from  active  missionary  labor,  with  a  con- 
stitution greatly  impaired,  and  resided  in  Kalama- 
zoo till  his  death,  April  27,  1866.  A  firm  friend 
<)f  all  our  deiiDmiiiational  enterprises,  lie  contrib- 
uted largely  of  his  earnings  for  their  promotion. 

Slaugfhter,  Gov.  Gabriel,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  ITii".  lie  was  an  early  settler  in  Mercer  Co.. 
Ky.,  where  he  united  with  Shawnee  Kun  Baptist 
church,  and  was  prominent  in  his  church,  his  As- 
sociation, and  all  the  enterprises  of  his  denomina- 
tion, as  well  as  in  the  councils  of  state.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1799,  and  re-elected 
in  1800.  He  served  in  the  State  senate  from  1801 
to  1808.  and  was  during  the  following  four  ye.ars 
lieutenant-governor.  He  held  a  colonel's  commis- 
sion in  the  war  of  1812-1.5.  In  1816  he  was  again 
elected  lieutenant-governor,  and,  on  the  death  of 
Col.  Madison,  the  governor-elect,  became  governor 
of  the  State,  in  which  capacity  he  acted  four  years. 
At  the  close  of  his  gubernatorial  term  he  retired  to 
his  farm  in  Mercer  County,  where  he  died  in  18.30. 

Slocum  (Frances)  Mission.— In  the  year  1780 
a  little  girl  about  six  years  old,  Frances  Slocum, 
was  stolen  by  the  Indians  from  Wyoming,  Pa. 
Her  father  and  brothers  followed  as  far  north  as 
Niasrara  Falls,  but  could  find  no  clue  to  her  where- 
abouts. Sixty  years  passed  away.  Washington 
Ewing,  a  member  of  Congress,  and  a  trader  among 
the  Indians,  stayed  one  night  at  the  house  of  (jne 
of  the  Indians,  near  Peru.  Ind.  He  saw  there  an 
elderly  white  woman.  He  inquired  about  her  liis- 
tory.  She  remembered  that  her  first  name  was 
Frances,  and  that  she  was  taken  from  a  place 
called  Wyoming.  Within  about  one  year  it  was 
established  that  she  was  the  same  Frances  Slocum. 


She  was  w^ealthy,  but  said  she  never  could  again 
become  accustomed  to  civilized  life.  She  wished 
to  adopt  her  brother's  son.  He  and  his  wife  came 
to  the  settlement,  went  through  the  form  of  adop- 
tion, and  settled  near  their  aunt.  They  were  Bap- 
tists, and  began  Christian  work  on  behalf  of  the 
Indians.  Rev.  T,  ('.  Townscnd  assisted  them  in 
organizing  a  Sunday-school.  The  two  sons-in-law 
of  Frances  Slocum — ('apt.  Bruillette  and  Peter 
Bundy — were  the  first  to  join  the  church  that  had 
been  organized.  A  church  house  worth  Sl.jOO  was 
built.  The  church  grew.  Bruillette  and  Bundy 
were  licensed  to  preach.  A  general  revival  was 
enjoyed,  and  another  Baptist  church  was  formed. 
Christian  Indians,  nf  their  own  accord,  went  as 
missionaries  to  their  people  in  Kansas.  In  18.58 
the  Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention  resolved 
"that  the  mission  heretofore  sustained  among  the 
Miami  tribe  of  Indians  by  the  board  of  the  Hunt- 
ington and  Weasaw  Associations  be  now  trans- 
ferred to  the  board  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
that  the  school,  mission-house,  land,  and  all  other 
property  belonging  to  the  mission,  be  henceforth 
under  their  patron.age."' 

By  removals  and  deaths  the  tribe  gradually  de- 
clined, and  the  mission  declined  also.  In  the  death 
of  George  Slocum,  in  I860,  the  mission  sustained 
a  great  loss. 

Small,  Rev.  J.  S.,  was  born  in  Guilford,  N.  H., 
Aug.  J  6,  1826.  The  progress  which  he  had  made 
in  his  youthful  studies  is  shown  by  the  circum- 
stance that  when  he  was  hut  fifteen  years  of  age 
he  began  to  te.ach  in  the  public  schools.  It  was 
his  early  ambition  to  be  a  lawyer,  and  with  this 
end  in  view  he  began  to  fit  for  college,  but  his 
health  failing  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  plan. 
Ilis  hopeful  conversion  took  place  when  he  was 
twenty-three  years  of  age.  At  once  his  thoughts 
were  turned  to  the  Christian  ministry,  and  be  be- 
came a  student  in  the  Fairfax  Institution,  Vt.,  and 
was  graduated  in  the  class  of  18.58.  His  ordina- 
tion took  place  at  Williamstown,  July  9,  1837.  In 
1859  he  went  to  East  Wallingford,  Vt.,  where  he 
remained  about  a  year.  Wishing  to  pursue  still 
further  his  theological  studies,  he  returned  to  Fair- 
fax, where  he  remained  some  time  .as  .a  resident 
graduate.  He  preached  in  Montgomery,  Vt..  and 
Lowell,  M.ass.,  in  1861.  and  was  settled,  July  15, 
1862,  at  Enosburg,  where  he  remained  four  years, 
leaving  his  pastorate  to  .accept  a  call  to  the  Fairfax 
Institution,  to  act  as  president  after  the  removal 
of  Dr.  Upham.  This  position  he  occupied  about 
three  years,  when,  feeling  the  want  of  a  more 
thorough  intellectual  training,  he  decided  to  take 
a  full  college  course  of  study.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  College  in  the  class  of  1872,  preach- 
ing more  or  less  during  liis  four  years'  residence 
in  Hanover.     His  pastorates  after  leaving  college 


S. VALLEY 


1063 


SMITH 


were  at  Bristol  and  Felchville,  Vt.  He  died  very 
suddenly,  after  preacliinj^  the  annual  sermon  before 
tlie  Woodstoi'k  Assooiatiun.  Vt.,  Sept.  22,  18.SU. 

Smalley,  Eev.  Henry,  was  bom  in  Piscata- 
way,  N.  J.  He  was  baptized  by  Kev.  Reune  Run- 
von  in  1781,  at  the  age  of  si.'cteen.  He  studied  at 
Queen's  College,  New  Brunswick,  and  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Xew  Jersey,  in  Princeton,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1780.  In  1788  he  was  licensed;  in  17'J0 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Coiiansey  Baptist 
church,  X.  J.,  where  he  exercised  an  able  and  suc- 
cessful ministry  of  forty-nine  years,  and  died  Feb. 
11,  1839,  in  his  seventy -fourth  year.  Mr.  Smalley 
was  abundant  in  labor,  adding  to  his  stated  preach- 
ing and  catechising,  services  in  neighborhoods  be- 
yond the  bounds  of  his  own  congregation.  His 
judgment  was  excellent,  his  success  in  peace- 
making and  settling  difficulties  wsus  prominent;  he 
rightly  divided  the  word  of  truth,  and  the  fruits 
of  a  juiiiclous  and  lon^'  pastorate  are  abundant. 

Smiley,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Dauphin 
Co.,  Pa.,  in  1759  ;  baptized  in  1792,  in  Wyoming 
Co.,  Pa. ;  licensed  December,  1790.  by  the  Braintrim 
church  ;  ordained  December,  1802,  when  forty-three 
years  of  age ;  died  in  1832  in  White  Deer,  Lycom- 
ing Co.,  Pa.,  in  his  seventy-third  year.  In  two 
things  he  was  quite  distinguished, — controversies 
about  land  titles  in  the  northern  portion  of  the 
State  between  the  Pennymites,  as  they  were  called, 
and  the  Connecticut  claims,  and  in  his  fearless 
defense  of  the  cardinal  doctrines  of  the  Word  of 
God.  Xo  minister  held  more  tenaciously  to  the 
doctrines  of  grace.'  In  these  sentiments  he  had 
been  reared  from  childhood,  his  father  being  a 
rigid  Presbyterian  of  the  Scotch  Seceder  branch. 
In  his  day  the  conflict  between  Arminianisin  and 
Calvinism  was  peculiarly  marked  and  bitter.  Elder 
Smiley,  as  he  was  generally  called,  held  to  the  less 
popular  side  of  both  questions,  and  while  failing  to 
secure  applause,  he  nevertheless  won  lor  himself 
in  his  advocacy  of  sovereign  grace  what  is  infinitely 
better,  the  plaudit  of  his  Lord  when  called  to  his 
rest.  His  work  as  a  minister  wtis  in  sowing  seed. 
The  harvest  came  in  due  time,  but  others,  the  writer 
included,  were  permitted  to  gather  it.  His  char- 
acter was  of  the  [iiirest  type,  and  his  constant  and 
earnest  exhortations  to  pr.ictical  godliness,  as  well 
as  his  appeals  to  the  unconverted,  proved  him  to 
be  far  from  fatalism,  and  entirely  forbade  his  rela- 
tion to  such  as  claim  him  for  saintship  in  the 
dogmas  of  "  old-sch"olism.'"  His  advocacy  of  sov- 
ereign grace  in  election  was  pure  and  thoroughly 
Biblical. 

Smith,  Hon.  Almerin,  died  on  the  3 1st  of  June, 
18.54,  at  Savanna,  111.,  at  the  age  of  seventy-one 
years.  He  was  a  native  of  Manchester,  Vt.,  and 
of  a  patriotic  ancestry,  his  father,  Maj.  Xathan 
Smith,  having  been  one  of  those  who  accompanied 


Kthan  Allen  in  his  memorable  expedition  against 
Ticonderoga.  He  himself,  immediately  upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  of  1812,  joined  the  army, 
with  the  commission  of  lieutenant,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  chiefly  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  State  of  Xew  York.  His  services  were  so 
highly  appreciated  that  he  was  offei-ed  a  desirable 
post  in  the  regul.ar  army  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
which  he  declined,  as  he  had  other  aims  in  life. 
He  had  married  previous  to  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  and  upon  the  conclusion  of  peace  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  and  made  his  home  in  Ticonderoga, 
X.  Y.,  where  most  of  his  life  was  spent.  His  fel- 
low-citizens expressed  their  trust  in  his  capacity 
and  integi'ity  by  calling  him  to  various  posts  of 
civil  service.  During  thirty  years  he  was  success- 
ively elected  justice  of  the  peace.  Various  county 
offices  wei-e  given  him,  besides  one  term  of  service 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature.  He  refused 
a  renomination  when  tendered  him.  as  a  political 
life  was  not  his  choice.  About  the  year  1850  he 
removed  to  Illinois,  and  there  died,  as  mentioned 
at  the  beginning  of  this  article.  In  his  earlier  life 
he  was  skeptical,  but  when  nearly  fifty  years  of  age 
he  became  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Christianity, 
and  sought  and  found  a  personal  participation  in 
its  benefits.  One  who  knew  him  well  says  of  him. 
'"In  the  army,  in  the  halls  of  legislation,  in  the 
court.s  of  justice,  he  was  faithful,  wise,  impartial, 
and  capable.  Three  sons  survive  him  ;  the  eldest 
being  Dr.  J.  A.  Smith,  editor  of  the  Standard;  the 
others,  John  L.  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Omaha,  and  Prof. 
E.  C.  Smith,  of  Dixon,  III.  One  daughter  of  four 
is  left,— Mrs.  Lucy  M.  Glin.  widow  of  J.  R.  Olin. 
,  Esq..  a  sou  of  Hon.  Henry  Olin,  of  Verniont,  and 
I  brother  of  Dr.  Stephen  Olin,  so  well  known  as 
president  of  Wesleyan  l^niversity.  The  youngest 
daughter,  wife  of  Rev.  W.  W.  Harsha,  D.D.,  of 
I  Jacksonville,  111.,  died  a  few  years  since  :  another, 
I  wife  of  Dr.  A.  Kendrick,  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  died 
some  years  before;  while  the  second  daughter  has 
slept  during  more  than  a  generation  in  the  soil  of 
Vermont. 

Smith,  Dester  P.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Tully, 
N'.  Y.,  Dec.  10.  I'^b.t;  entered  Madi.son  Tniversity, 
X.  Y'.,  in  1831,  and  remained  .some  time  in  the 
theological  department  after  graduation.  He  had 
consecrated  himself  to  the  foreign  mission  work, 
but  enfeebled  health  prevented  him  entering  upon 
this  service.  For  a  year  and  a  half  he  was  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  of  .Manchester,  Vt.  He  was 
also  pastor  in  Strykersville.  X'.  Y..  where  he  bap- 
tized 200.  In  1845  he  came  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa, 
and  was  pastor  of  the  church  there  until  1851, 
during  which  time  a  good  meeting-house  was 
erected  and  the  church  gained  a  commanding  posi- 
tion. From  1851  to  1859  he  was  the  general  agent 
for  Sunday- schools  for  the  State.     From  1858  to 


SMITH 


1064 


SMITH 


1801  he  served  as  financial  agent  of  the  Iowa  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  for  a  niinil)er  of  years 
he  was  the  secretary  of  tlie  Iowa  Baptist  Union  for 
Ministerial  Kducation  He  still  resides  in  Iowa 
City,  where  for  thirty-five  years  he  and  his  honored 
wife  have  commanded  the  respect  of  that  commu- 
nity and  exercised  a  saving  influence  over  many 
hearts.  Thoiij;h  not  now  engaged  in  any  consecu- 
tive hihors.  he  is  doing  good  service  for  Christ  and 
tiic  Baptist  causi!  in  Iowa.  Conciliatory  in  spirit, 
earnest  in  pur[)Ose,  and  wise  in  counsel,  his  useful- 
ness continues  with  declining  yeai-s,  and  makes  his 
presence  an  impulse  and  power  in  the  deliberations 
and  plans  of  his  brethren  in  the  State. 

Smith,  Prof.  D.  Townsend,  was  born  on  Edisto 
Island,  near  Charleston,  S.  C,  Aug.  9,  1842.  He 
left  the  Junior  class  in  the  South  Carolina  College 
to  join  tlie  army  near  tlie  commencement  of  the 
late  war,  and  served  as  a  private  until  its  close. 
His  early  conversion  is  hut  one  of  the  many  illus- 
trations of  the  truth  of  Solomon's  adage,  "Train 
up  a  child  in  the  way  he  should  go,  and  when  he 
is  old  he  will  not  depart  from  it." 

Soon  after  the  war  he  resumed  his  studies  in 
Furman  University.  On  the  death  of  Prof.  Ed- 
wards in  1S67  he  took  the  lower  classes  in  Latin 
and  Greek.  He  was  retained  after  his  graduation 
the  same  year  as  Professor  of  Languages,  and  has 
oecu|iied  that  position  ever  since. 

Smith,  Eli  B.,  D.D.,  w-as  bom  in  Sborehani, 
Vt.,  April  16,  1803.  While  preparing  for  college 
he  was  hopefully  converted  at  the  age  of  fourteen, 
and  united  with  the  church  Feb.  3,  1817.  lie 
graduat<Ml  at  Middlebury  College  in  1823;  spent 
two  years  at  Andover  in  theological  sjtudy  ;  and, 
as  a  member  of  the  first  class  at  Newton,  graduated 
from  that  institution  in  1826,  the  other  member  of 
the  class  being  Rev.  John  E.  Weston.  In  Septem- 
ber, at  the  meeting  of  the  Boston  Baptist  Ansocia- 
tion  held  in  South  Reading,  he  was  ordained  as  an 
evangelist,  and  entered  at  once  upon  his  duties 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  BufiFalo,  N.  Y. 
At  this  time  it  was  a  small  church,  numbering  but 
a  little  over  thirty  members,  and  had  no  house  of 
worship.  Under  his  energetic  efforts  a  meeting- 
house was  erected,  and  dedicated  in  the  summer 
of  1828.  Dr.  Smith  continued  with  the  church 
in  Bufl'alo  until  June,  1829,  when  he  resigned  and 
accepted  a  call  to  Poultney,  Vt.  He  had  the  sati.s- 
faction  of  seeing  his  labors  blessed  in  that  place,  and 
large  numbers  were  converted  under  his  ministry. 
Dr.  Smith  was  called  away  from  this  happy  and  suc- 
cessful pastorate  to  take  charge  of  the  New  Hamp- 
tim  Academy,  upon  the  resignation  of  its  principal, 
Rev.  B.  F.  Farnsworth.  He  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  his  office  in  May,  1834,  and  found  himself  asso- 
ciated with  teachers  who  stood  in  the  first  rank  of 
their  profession,  among  whom  were  Miss  Martha 


Ilazeltine,  for  twelve  years  the  lady  principal  of 
the  institution,  and  Miss  Sarah  Sleeper,  afterwards 
the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jones,  of  Siani,  and,  after  his 
decease,  the  wife  of  Rev.  S.  J.  Smith.  The  special 
department  which  came  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  Smith  was  that  of  theology,  and  in  conduct- 
ing that  department  he  performed  a  service  for  the 
churches  the  value  of  which  cannot  be  easily  esti 
mated. 

President  Smith,  for  twenty  years,  gave  himself 
with  the  utmost  enthusiasm  to  the  great  work  to 
which  he  had  been  called.  The  discouragements 
were  many,  owing  to  the  want  of  pecuniary  en- 
dowment, but  they  were  met  with  a  heroic  spirit 
of  sacrifice  for  the  cause  of  education.  In  the  fall 
of  1853  the  institution  was  removed  to  Fairfax,  Vt., 
ami  it  seemed  as  if  its  future  pmsperity  was  guaran- 
teed at  once  by  the  change  of  location.  Unexpected 
difliculties  arose,  and  new  burdens  came  upon  its 
presiding  officer.  Domestic  sorrows  also  added  to 
the  weight  of  his  cares.  He  resigned  his  office  as 
president  of  the  New  Hampton  Institution  in  Octo- 
ber, 1860.  He  died  Jan.  5,  1861,  at  Colchester,  Vt. 
In  summing  up  the  traits  of  character  which  were 
most  conspicuous  in  Dr.  Smith,  his  associate  in  of- 
fice, the  Rev.  Dr.  James  Upham,  selects  the  follow- 
ing as  deserving  of  special  notice:  "his  fixedness 
of  purpose,  his  self-control,  his  wisdom  in  council, 
bis  administrative  talent,  and  his  practicalness  of 
mind."  The  influence  he  exerted  directly  and  in- 
directly on  the  Baptist  churches  in  Vermont  and 
New  Hampshire  was  very  great.  He  left  the  mark 
of  his  own  sterling  mind  upon  a  multitude  of  others, 
who,  in  the  ministry  and  occupying  important  posts 
in  Church  and  State,  liave  served  faithfully  their 
God  and  the  generation. 

Smith,  Rev.  Eliphalet,  was  the  minister  of  a 
Presliyterian  church  in  Deerfield,  N.  II.,  in  1770. 
At  that  time  he  was  a  young  man,  distinguished  for 
talents,  piety,  and  success.  While  preaching  on 
the  words,  "  If  ye  love  me  keep  my  command- 
ments" (John  xiv.  15),  the  truth  about  baptism 
flashed  into  his  mind  so  clearly  that  he  felt  com- 
pelled to  proclaim  it  to  his  people;  and  President 
Manning  says  that  "  he  convinced  the  church  of 
which  he  w'as  pastor  that  believer's  baptism,  by 
immersion,  only  is  a  divine  institution."  And  he 
further  states  that  "  they  sent  a  messenger  to  him 
to  come  and  administer  the  ordinance  to  both  min- 
ister and  people,  the  most  of  whom  expected  im- 
mediately to  submit  thereto."  Dr.  Manning,  on 
account  of  the  distance,  requested  Dr.  Ilczekiah 
Smith,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  to  take  his  place.  On 
Thursday,  June  14,  1770.  Dr.  Smith  baptized  the 
pastor  and  a  portion  of  his  people;  on  the  same 
day  a  church  was  formed,  and  two  days  later  the 
ex-Presbyterian  minister  baptized  seven  persons 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church,  of  which 


f^MITH 


1065 


SMITH 


he  liaJ  been  elected  tlie  pastor.  Eliplialet  Smith 
had  the  stron;;est  reasons  for  retaining  liis  old  faith, 
and  notliing  but  the  force  of  truth  can  account  for 
a  change  so  reiuiirkable.  In  other  denominations 
till'  Loril  has  trained  throngs  of  Itaptist  ministers 
and  multitudes  (jf  Baptists. 

Smith,  Rev.  Francis,  was  born  in  what  is  now 
Wakefield,  but  was  formerly  South  Reading,  Mass., 
duly  12,  1<S12.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1837,  and  at  Newton  in  the  class  of 
1S40.  lie  was  ordained  as  the  pastorof  the  Fourth 
Baptist  church  in  Providence,  H.  I.  For  tliirteeii 
years  he  continued  the  minister  of  the  church. 
Happy  in  his  residence  in  Providence  lie  did  not 
remove  from  the  city,  but,  while  living  here,  sup- 
plied, one  after  another,  several  small  religious  so- 
cieties, and  for  about  two  years  the  church  in  Uut- 
hmd,  Vt.  For  three  years  he  was  the  district 
secretary  for  New  England  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society.  The  closing  part  of  his 
life  was  spent  in  the  most  acceptable  missionary 
labors  in  and  about  Providence.  lie  died  Jan.  29, 
1872. 

Smith,  Maj.-Gen.  Green  Clay,  was  born  at 

Richmond,  Ky.,  July  2,  1832.  After  attending  a 
preparatoi-y  school  at  Danville,  he  entered  'J'ransyl- 
vania  University,  graduating  in  1850.  He  studied 
in  the  office  of  his  father,  Hon.  John  Speed  Smith, 
and  graduated  in  a  law-school  at  Lexington,  in 
185?).  After  a  partnership  of  several  years  with  his 
father,  which  terminated  in  1858,  he  commenced 
business  in  Covington.  In  18G0  he  was  elected  to 
the  Kentucky  Legislature.  In  18C1  he  entered  the 
army  as  a  private,  and  during  the  civil  war  attained 
the  rank  of  major-general.  In  1863  he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  and  served  two  terms.  At  the  close 
of  his  second  term  he  was  appointed  governor  of 
Montana,  in  which  position  he  acted  until  the  fall 
of  1868,  when  he  resigned  for  the  purpose  of  en- 
tering the  gospel  ministry.  He  united  with  a  Bap- 
tist church,  of  which  his  mother  (a  daughter  of 
Gen.  Green  Clay  and  sister  of  Hon.  Cassius  M. 
Clay)  was  a  member.  He  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  ordained  in  1869.  lie  was  called  to  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Frankfort,  and  served  as  pastor  sev- 
eral years,  when  he  resigned,  and  engaged  in  the 
more  laborious  work  of  an  evangelist.  He  after- 
wards took  charge  of  the  Second  church  in  Frank- 
fort, to  which  he  now  ministers.  He  was  elected 
moderator  of  the  General  Association  of  Baptists  in 
Kentucky  in  1879,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880.  He 
is  a  chaste  and  pleasing'orator,  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  his  holy  calling,  and  is  much  beloved  by 
his  brethren. 

Smith,  Hezekiah,   D.D.— Fortunately   for   the 

writer  of  this  sketch  of  Dr.  Smith,  the  materials  for 

doing  it  are  abundant  in  the  interesting  memorials 

furnished   by   Dr.  S.  F.  Smith   for  Dr.  Sprague's 

OS 


"  Annals,"  and  in  the  centennial  discourse  of  the 
late  Dr.  Arthur  S.  Train,  of  Haverhill. 

The  birthplace  of  Hezekiah  Smith  was  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.  He  was  born  April  21,  1737.  His 
college  life  was  spent  in  Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  he 
graduated  in  1762,  under  the  presidency  of  that 
prince  of  pulpit  orators.  Rev.  Samuel  Davies.  He- 
was  ordained  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  but  assumed  no 
pastoral  charge  at  the  South,  although  he  preacheil 
constantly  as  opportunity  presented.  In  1704  he 
came  to  New  England,  and  preached  for  some  time 
in  the  west  parish  of  the  town  of  Haverhill.  Mass., 
to  a  Congregational  church,  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  appreciated  and  much  blessed.  As,  how- 
ever, he  was  a  most  conscientious  Baptist,  it  could 
not  be  expected  that  he  could  long  sustain  such  a 
relation  as  this.  The  circumstance  which  led  him 
to  make  Haverhill  the  scene  of  what  proved  to  be 
a  most  successful  ministry  is  thus  related  by  Dr.  S. 
F.  Smith  : 

"  Mr.  Smith  now  resolved  to  return  to  New  Jer- 
sey, where  several  of  his  relatives  resided.  The 
day  was  fixed  for  bis  departure  from  tin;  scene  of 
his  labors  and  successes.  In  the  morning  several 
young  persons  came  to  visit  him,  deeply  affected 
by  the  prospect  of  losing  their  loved  atul  revered 
teacher,  by  whose  instrumentality  they  had  been 
brought  to  believe  on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Thev 
exhibited  their  ardent  affection  towards  him,  and 
expressed  the  wish  that  be  would  bafitize  them. 
Still  they  found  him  fixed  in  his  determination. 
Notwithstanding,  they  ventured  to  utter  their  con- 
viction that  he  would  soon  return  and  be  their 
minister.  He  replied,  '  If  I  return,  your  prayers 
will  bring  me  back.'  The  same  day  he  proceeded 
to  Boston,  and  the  day  following  commenced  his 
journey  to  Providence.  But  after  he  had  advanced 
eighteen  or  twenty  miles,  the  words  were  impressed 
with  unusual  weight  on  his  mind,  '  Strengthen  ye 
the  weak  hands,  and  confirm  the  feeble  knees. 
Say  to  them  that  are  of  a  fearful  heart,  Be  strong, 
fear  not:  behold,  your  God  will  come  with  ven- 
geance, even  God  with  a  recompense;  he  will  come 
and  save  you.'  Stopping  his  horse,  he  mused 
awhile  on  the  occurrence.  He  soon  proceeded,  but 
was  shortly  after  arrested  again  by  the  same  pass- 
age. Yielding  to  the  impulse,  he  turned  his  horse, 
and  rode  bac^k  to  Boston.  Here  he  found  two  per- 
sons, sent  by  his  friends  in  Haverhill  to  solicit  his 
return.  He  readily  accepted  their  invitation,  and 
went  back  the  next  day  to  Haverhill,  where  he 
was  received  with  many  expressions  of  atTection 
and  gratitude." 

The  church  in  Haverhill  was  organized  May  9, 
1765,  and  its  pastor  publicly  recognized  Nov.  12, 
17l>(i,  and  he  held  that  position  for  forty  years. 
Faithful  to  the  trusts  that  were  committed  to  his 
hands,  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  no  less  than  his 


s-Virii 


1066 


smru 


privilege  to  |ii'e:icli  the  gospel  in  the  regions  be- 
yond the  field  ol"  his  own  special  cultivation.  Ac- 
cordinj;ly,  acting  under  the  direction  and  \iy  the  ad- 
vice of  his  church,  he  would  start  out,  accompanied 
liy  one  or  two  of  his  nicinliers,  to  make  evangel- 
izini;  tours  through  destitute  sections  of'Xew  Hamp- 
shire and  the  district  of  Maine.  Returning  from 
these  towns,  he  would  call  the  church  together,  as 
the  apostles  did  in  primitive  times,  and  rehearse  the 
wonderful  things  which  God  had  wrought  hy  their 
hands.  Persons  holding  Baptist  views,  liut  living 
too  far  away  from  any  church  of  their  own  faith 
and  order,  would  he  brought  into  vital  relations 
with  the  Haverhill  church.  In  the  course  of  time 
the  population  would  increase  in  the  places  where 
these  persons  lived,  and  there  would  he  encourage- 
ment to  form  Baptist  churches  out  of  these  scat- 
tered materials.  ''Thirteen  churches"  we  are  told 
were  thus  established  by  the  action  uf  the  Haver- 
hill church  and  the  evangelizing  laljors  of  its  min- 
isters and  menibers. 

In  connection  with  such  friends  of  religious  free- 
dom as  Backus,  President  Manning,  his  friend  and 
college  classmate,  and  others  of  kindred  spirit,  he 
labored  incessantly  to  have  the  Baptists  delivered 
from  the  oppression  which  they  suffered  from  the 
standing  order.  He  took,  moreover,  the  deepest 
interest  in  the  prosperity  of  the  now  college  which 
had  been  established  in  Khodc  Island,  and  at  one 
time  was  absent  nearly  nine  months  collecting 
funds  for  it.  When  the  war  of  the  Kevolution 
broke  out,  he  was  appointed  chaplain  in  the  Amei^ 
ican  array.  Here  he  was  brought  into  terms  of  in- 
timate relations  with  Gen.  Washington,  and  enjoyed 
the  confidence  and  friendship  of  that  great  and  good 
man.  As  soon  as  he  could  be  released  from  his 
duties  in  the  army  he  gladly  returned  to  his  be- 
loved church,  and  took  up  his  ministerial  and  pas- 
toral work  where  he  had  laid  it  down.  Preaching 
in  the  sacred  desk,  and  from  house  to  house,  liter- 
ally "in  season  and  out  of  season,"  making  his 
evangelical  tours  through  different  sections  of  New 
England  ;  his  coming  was  everywhere  hailed  with 
delight,  now  in  the  "backwoods"  of  Maine,  now 
among  the  grand  old  hills  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
now  attending  the  meetings  of  the  corporation  of 
Brown  University  in  Rhode  Island ;  such  is  a  pic- 
ture of  the  life  of  one  of  the  busiest  ministers  of 
his  times.  "lie  often  expressed  the  wish,"  savs 
Dr.  S.  F.  Smith,  "  that  he  might  not  outlive  his 
usefulness,  and  his  desire  was  graciously  fulfilled. 
He  preached  for  the  last  time,  among  his  people, 
on  the  Sabbath,  from  John  sii.  24 :  '  Except  a  corn 
of  wheat  fall  into  the  ground  and  die,  it  abideth 
alone;  but  if  it  die,  it  bringeth  forth  much  fruit.' 
The  sermon  was  unusually  impressive,  and  a  re- 
vival of  religion  followed,  to  which  it  seemed  intro- 
ductory.  On  the  Thursday  succeeding  he  was  seized 


with  paralysis,  and  spukc  no  more.  His  life-work 
was  finished  and  its  record  complete.  He  lay  a 
week  in  this  condition,  and  died  .Ian,  22,  1805,  in 
the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age  and  the  forty-second 
of  his  ministry." 

It  is  not  ditlicult  to  assign  the  place  which  Heze- 
kiah  Smith  will  always  be  regarded  as  having  held 
among  the  Baptist  fathers  of  New  England.  It  is 
safe  to  say  that  no  man  did  more  than  ho  to  give  char- 
acter to  the  denomination  which  had  to  fight  every 
step  of  its  way  in  securing  for  itself  a  foothold,  and 
at  last  a  permanent  home  in  the  Eastern  States. 
There  was  no  good  cause  in  which  he  did  not  take 
an  interest.  He  lived  a  most  useful  life.  Like  one 
of  kindred  spirit  who  came  after  him, — l)r,  Baldwin, 
— the  summons  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ  came 
suddenly,  but  found  him  projiarod  for  it.  Devout 
and  loving  hands  laid  him  away  in  his  grave,  with 
many  of  his  own  parishioners  sleeping  by  his  side, 
and  his  own  dust  mingling  with  that  of  the  friends 
of  his  youth  and  the  co-workers  of  his  riper  years. 

Smith,  Rev.  James,  widely  known  as  the  author 
of  the  "  Daily  Romeiubrancer"  and  other  evangel- 
ical works  of  large  circulation,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1802.  When  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  wsis 
baptized  and  admitted  into  the  Baptist  church  of 
his  native  place, — Brentford,  England.  Manifest- 
ing gifts  of  utterance,  he  was  encourage<l  to  preach  ; 
but  he  was  slow  to  yield  to  the  solicitations  of  his 
pastor  and  the  brethren.  In  lS2y  ho  was  invited 
to  become  pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Cheltenham, 
to  which  he  had  preached  as  a  |)r()bationer  for 
several  months.  Soon  after  his  settlement  in 
Cheltenham  he  was  convinced  of  the  duty  of 
pointedly  addressing  the  unconverted,  to  which 
many  of  his  friends  veheinontly  objected.  He 
therefore  withdrew  from  the  edifice  where  he  had 
hitherto  ministered  and  organized  a  new  church 
in  1835.  His  ministry  was  remarkably  successful 
until  1841,  when  he  removed  to  the  New  Park  Street 
church,  London,  now  the  Metropolitan  Tabern."\cle. 
His  London  ministry  was  not  unsuccessful,  but  he 
never  felt  the  comfort  .nnd  encouragement  he  had 
enjoyed  in  his  old  field.  Failing  health  at  length 
led  him  to  leave  London.  He  preached  at  Byrom 
Street,  Liverpool,  in  18.00  for  a  short  time,  and 
sub.sef)uently  at  Shrewsbury.  At  length,  in  1852, 
he  returned  to  Cheltenham.  Here  old  friends  ral- 
lied around  him,  many  new  friends  were  raised  up, 
and  the  remainder  of  his  life  till  the  period  of  his 
final  illness  was  spent  in  building  up  a  large  and 
important  church,  and  in  every  good  word  and 
work.  A  new  edifice,  called  Cambray  chapel,  was 
built  and  opened  in  18.j.').  In  ISO  I  he  was  attacked 
by  paralysis,  and,  although  he  partially  recovered, 
and  his  life  was  prolonged,  his  public  labors  were 
ended.  He  died  Dec.  14,  1862.  Only  great  energy 
of  character  and  earnestness  of  purpose  could  have 


S.VITU 


1067 


SMITH 


sustained  him  amidst  suofi  multifarious  exertions, 
and  doubtless  his  constitution,  though  naturally 
vigorous,  succumbed  to  a  pressure  too  great  for  its 
strength.  lie  had  the  pen  of  a  ready  writer.  No 
fewer  than  forty  distinct  productions  were  given 
to  the  press,  and  lie  was  a  constant  and  always 
acceptable  contributor  to  several  religious  periodi- 
cals. His  writin;:s  are  characterized  by  great  plain- 
ness of  diction,  remarkable  felicity  of  Scripture 
quotation  and  illustration,  and  an  exuberant  rich- 
ness of  Christian  experience.  Cultivated  persons 
"fall  ranks  as  well  as  unlettered  Christians  bought 
•James  Smith's  little  books.  They  had  an  immense 
sale :  but  as  he  wrote  mainly  with  a  view,  as  he 
said,  to  the  poor  of  the  Lord's  flock,  his  books  were 
published  at  a  very  cheap  rate,  and  the  author's 
profits  were  not  large.  By  his  preaching  and  his 
pen  he  turned  many  to  righteousness,  and  few 
ministers  of  any  denomination,  who  were  contem- 
porary with  him,  were  worthier  to  be  considered  a 
master  in  Israel. 

Smith,  Rev.  James  F.,  was  Iwrn  in  Jessamine 
Co.,  Ky..  in  l.sll;  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  twenty-four  years  of  age,  ,ind  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  .Jeremiah  Taylor,  of  Marion  Co.,  Mo.,  who 
was  the  first  pastor  of  the  Bethel  Baptist  church. 

Brother  Smith  was  ordained  in  1^43.  He  has 
helped  to  organize  many  churches,  and  has  labored 
a  great  deal  in  revival  meetings.  Over  12(K)  per- 
sons have  been  baptized  by  him  upon  a  profession 
of  faith,  and  as  many  more  have  been  converted 
in  meetings  he  has  held  who  were  baptized  by 
other  pastors.  lie  has  for  nearly  forty  years  been 
a  standard-bearer  of  the  Cro.ss  in  North  Missouri, 
where  he  is  now  an  active  and  highly  esteemed 
Christian  minister. 

Smith,  James  Wheaton,  D.D.,  was  liorn  at 
Provi<leiioe.  K.  1.,  .June  liii,  ISlio.  His  father,  Hon. 
\oali  Smith,  served  the  State  in  both  branches  of 
the  Legislature,  was  a  member  of  the  governor's 
council,  secretary  of  state  in  Maine,  and  candidate 
for  governor,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1867, 
was  chief  legislative  clerk  in  the  United  States 
Senate.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Hannah 
D.  Wheaton.  a  near  relative  of  Mr.  Henry  Wheaton, 
author  of  '"  International  Law"  and  '"  History  of 
the  Northmen.'' 

His  parents  removed  to  Calais,  Me.,  when  he  was 
ten  years  of  age.  He  was  baptized  in  his  twelfth 
year  by  Rev.  James  Iluckiiis,  and  united  with  the 
Calais  church,  then  recently  formed,  of  which  his 
father  was  a  deacon  and  his  mother  a  devoted 
member.  He  was  one  of  sixty  children  baptized 
about  the  same  time  into  the  fellowship  of  that 
church.  Entered  Brown  University  in  1844,  and 
graduated  in  1848,  receiving  the  "'  -Jackson  pre- 
mium'' for  the  best  essay  on  Moral  Philosophy; 
graduated  from  Newton  Theological  Institution  in 


IS.tI.  While  yet  a  student  at  Newton  was  ordaineil 
l>astor  of  the  Worthen  Street  church,  Lowell,  Mass. 
In  1853  he  became  pastor  of  the  Spruce  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  and  has  remained  in  con- 


"X 


JAMES    WUE.^TON    SMITH,  D.D. 


tinuous  pastoral  relations  with  that  people  to  the 
present  time.  In  1870,  under  his  efficient  leader- 
ship, a  colony  went  out  from  the  Spruce  Street 
church  to  a  growing  and  important  centre  of  popu- 
lation and  organized  the  Beth  Eden  church,  whose 
beautiful  sanctuary  at  the  corner  of  Bm.id  and 
Spruce  Streets,  one  of  the  most  attractive  church 
buildings  in  the  city,  was  recently  burned  down. 
In  this  new  field  of  labor  he  continued  in  pastoral 
service  until  1880,  when  his  impaired  health  in- 
duced him  to  tender  his  resignation  ;  whereupon 
the  church  immediately  elected  him  "  Pastor  Emer- 
itus.'" He  continues  in  their  fellowship,  and  his 
increasing  strength  gives  promise  of  many  years 
of  useful  labor.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
in  1802  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Dr.  Smith  hiis  been  long  and  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  various  educational  and  missionary 
societies  of  the  denomination,  and  has  frequently 
been  called  upon  to  aid  in  the  management  of  im- 
portiint  secular  and  religious  trusts.  During  what 
may  be  called  the  forcing  period  in  Philadelphia 
no  man  has  exerted  a  wider  influence.  It  was  often 
his  to  set  the  key-note  of  denominational  thought 
and  feeling,  and  shape  some  of  the  grandest  enter- 
prises in  the  State.  He  is  a  man  of  commanding 
presence,  and  is  possessed  of  rare  pulpit  talents.  His 
manners  are  easy   and   graceful,  and  his  diction 


SMITH 


1068 


SMITH 


fluent  and  cleg.uit.  He  preiiclies  without  notes, 
iiiul  develops  his  suliject  with  lo;;ical  cleiirncss  and 
nia;;iietic  power,  lie  is  an  adept  in  polemics,  and, 
aItliou;^h  his  discourses  are  marked  by  a  fullness  of 
catholicity,  he  is  nevertheless  quick,  forceful,  and 
tender  in  his  defense  of  "  the  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints.'"  11>!  has  been  a  frequent  contributor 
to  denoMiinatioiKil  literature,  and  the  "  Life  of  .John 
P.  Oozer,"  published  in  1808,  is  a  beautiful  prod- 
uct of  his  irraphic  pen. 

Smith,  Judge  J.  B.,  an  eloquent  preacher  and 
distinuuished  jurist  at  Clinton,  La.,  believed  to 
have  been  a  native  of  Virginia,  came  to  Louisiana 
in  1832  as  a  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  Society,  and  labored  in  the  lied 
River  re-jion  ;  in  1836  he  aided  in  the  constitution 
of  the  church  at  Clinton,  La.  lie  located  here  and 
engajced  successfully  in  the  practice  of  the  law, 
preachinf;  in  the  surroundinp:  country  ;  was  district 
judge  for  one  or  more  terms  ;  fell  a  victim  to  yellnw 
fever  in  186S. 

Smith,  J.  Byington,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Scroon, 
N.  v..  May  1,  1830.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
John  Smitzer  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Elbridge,  N.  Y.,  in  1846.  He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  University  and  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary of  Rochester.  He  labored  awhile  in  Dunkirk, 
where  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
in  1854.  In  1855  he  settled  at  Fayetteville,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  five  years,  during  which  many 
additions  were  made  to  the  church  by  baptism. 

In  1800  he  settled  with  the  Fariuerville  Baptist 
church,  where  his  pastorate  continued  six  years, 
during  which  a  fine  house  of  worship  was  built. 
From  1800  to  1809  he  filled  the  office  of  chaplain 
of  the  prison  at  Sing  Sing,  on  the  Hudson.  The 
other  officers  in  charge  said  he  was  the  most  suc- 
cessful chaplain  ever  chosen  to  fill  that  place. 

In  180y  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Geneva.  N.  Y.,  which  continued  seven 
■years.  He  then  spent  a  year  traveling  in  Europe, 
and  on  his  return  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church 
of  Peckskill,  N.  Y.  While  chaplain  in  Sing  Sing 
he  published  the  "  Prison  Hymn  Book,"  a  selection 
well  adapted  to  prisoners,  which  is  still  in  use 
in  some  of  the  prisons.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  "Sayings  and  Doings  of  Children,"  published 
by  U.  D.  Ward,  and  "  Sunday-School  Concert  Exer- 
cises." Several  of  his  sermons  and  public  addresses 
have  also  been  published. 

Smith,  Hon.  John,  the  first  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Ohio,  organized  at  Columbia, 
near  Cincinnati,  in  1790.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  man 
of  fine  natural  abilities  and  most  pleasing  address, 
and  became  so  popular  in  the  new  State  that  he 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  during  the 
administration  of  JeSerson,  and  spent  the  rest  of 
his  life  in  political  and  public  affairs. 


Smith,  John  Lawrence,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of 

the  most  distinguished  scientists  in  the  United 
States,  and  equally  distinguished  in  Europe,  was 
born  near  Charleston,  S.  C,  Dec.  10,  1818.     He 


JOHN    LAWRENCE    SMITH,   M.I).,  I.L.D. 

was  educated  in  Charleston  College  and  in  the 
University  of  Virginia.  At  first  he  selected  civil 
engineering  for  his  profession.  After  devoting  two 
years  to  the  study  of  its  various  branches,  in- 
cluding geology  and  mining,  he  was  employed  as 
a.ssistant  engineer  on  the  Charleston  and  Cincin- 
nati Railroad.  This  pursuit  proving  uncongenial, 
he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  grad- 
uated in  the  meilical  school  of  the  University  of 
South  Carolina,  and  then  pursued  his  education 
for  three  years  in  France  and  Germany.  Upon 
returning  to  the  United  States,  in  1844,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  at  Charleston,  and 
shortly  afterwards  received  the  appointment  of  as- 
saycr  (jf  bullion  for  South  Carolina.  At  the  re- 
quest of  the  sultan,  he  was  selected  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  in  1846,  to  instruct 
Turkish  agriculturists  in  the  methods  of  culti- 
vating cotton.  On  his  arrival  in  Turkey  he  was 
appointed  mining  engineer  to  the  Turkish  govern- 
ment, and  occupied  the  position  four  years,  made 
extensive  mineralogical  explorations,  and  published 
a  report  "  On  the  Thermal  Waters  of  Asia  Minor  " 
in  1849.  On  his  return  from  Turkey  he  was  instru- 
mental in  the  discovery  of  deposits  of  emery  and 
corundum  in  the  United  States.  He  invented,  in 
1851,  the  inverted  microscope,  and  in  that  year  was 
elected  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of 


f^MITH 


1069 


SMITH 


Vir;;iiiia.  lie  was  married  to  tlio  daiiu;litcr  of  Hon. 
James  (iuthrie,  of  Lduisville,  Ky.,  and  settled  in 
that  city  about  1850,  and  was  appointed  to  tlie 
chair  of  Chemistry  in  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  Louisville.  II(!  held  this  position 
several  years,  and  then  resigned  to  take  charge  of 
tlie  scientific  department  of  the  Louisville  (ias- 
Works,  which  position  he  still  retains.  Al)0ut 
IS.')')  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  united 
with  the  Walnut  Street  Baptist  church  in  Louis- 
ville, of  which  he  has  since  been  a  pious,  faithful, 
and  useful  member.  Adding  his  own  fortune  to 
that  of  his  most  excellent  Christian  wife,  he  pos- 
sesses abundant  means  for  imhilging  his  fondness 
for  study,  investigation,  and  scientific  labor.  lie 
has  made  many  discoveries  and  inventions.  Ilis 
■original  researches  are  embraced  in  upwards  of 
seventy  papers,  a  list  of  which  has  been  published 
by  the  Koyal  Society  of  England,  lie  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  National  .Veademy  of  Sciences, 
etc.,  membre  corr^spomlant  de  I'institut  de  France 
(Acad6mie  des  Sciences),  etc.,  member  of  the  Chem- 
ical Society  of  Berlin,  of  the  Chemical  Society  of 
Paris,  of  the  Chemical  Society  of  London,  of  the 
Soci^te  d'Kncouragement  pour  I'lndustrie  Na- 
tionale,  of  the  Imperial  Mineralogical  Society  of 
St.  Petersburg,  corresponding  member  of  the  Bos- 
ton Society  of  Natural  History,  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  American  Bureau  of  Mines, 
the  Socift6  des  Sciences  et  des  .\rts  de  Ilainaut, 
etc..  Chevalier  de  la  Legion  d'Honnenr,  meml)er  of 
the  Order  of  Nichan  Iftahar  of  Turkey,  meml)er 
of  the  Order  of  Mijiddeh  of  Turkey,  Chevalier  of 
the  Imperial  Order  of  St.  Stanislaus  of  Russia. 

Smith,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  bom  in  Ilampstead, 
N.  II.,  Jan.  31,  180S.  He  worked  on  his  fathers 
farm  until  he  reached  theage  of  nineteen.  Feeling  it 
to  be  his  duty  to  prepare  for  the  Christian  ministry, 
ho  commenced  his  studies  at  the  New  Hampton 
Academy,  and  then  repaired  to  the  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  with  the  purpose  of  completing 
them  there.  Impressed,  however,  with  theeonviction 
that  it  would  be  wise  to  extend  his  course  of  study, 
he  went  through  Brown  University,  graduating  in 
1837.  On  leaving  college  he  was  ordaine<l  pastorof 
the  church  in  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  where  he  remained 
until  1841,  when  he  removed  to  Newport,  R.  I., 
where  he  was  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
for  nine  years.  It  was  a  .season  of  prosperity  with 
the  church.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  18o0, 
and  after  two  years  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Grafton.  Mass.,  and  remained  such  for  five  years. 
After  a  brief  connection  with  the  "Female  Colle- 
giate Institute,"  in  Worcester,  he  took  charge,  in 
1852,  of  the  church  in  North  Oxford,  Mass.,  where 
he  remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred  sud- 
denly, April  2('),  1866. 


Smith,  Rev.  Josiah  Torrey,  was  born  at  Wil- 
liamstown,  Mass.,  ."^ug.  4,  1^15.  He  made  a  pro- 
fession of  faith  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen,  being 
baptized  in  December,  1829.  He  fitted  for  college 
at  Cummington  and  Williamstown,  and  graduated 
at  Williams  College  in  the  class  of  1842.  His  theo- 
logical studies  were  pursued  at  Newton,  and  he 
was  ordained  at  Lanesborough,  Mass.,  in  1845. 
Mr.  Smith  has  served  the  following  Baptist 
churches:  Lanesborough,  Sandisfield,  and  Hins- 
dale, in  Massachusetts;  Bristol,  in  Connecticut; 
Amherst,  Ma.ss.,  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  Warwick, 
R.  I.  Besides  performing  his  ministerial  and  pas- 
toral work,  he  has  found  time  for  the  preparation 
of  articles  for  some  of  our  leading  quarterlies,  and 
for  the  daily  secular  and  weekly  religious  press. 
He  has  written  for  the  Biblical  Repository,  the 
Christian  Review,  the  Conf/ref/allnnal  Review,  the 
Baptist  Quarterly,  and  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Magazine.  He  has  also  contributed  to  the  Watdi- 
man,  the  Christian  Era,  the  Christian  Senetary, 
and  the  New  York  Examiner.  He  has  published 
the  following  treatises  on  subjects  connected  with 
Baptist  sentiments:  "Review  of  Peters  on  Bap- 
tism," "The  Covenant  of  Circumcision,  Consid- 
ered in  its  Relation  to  Christian  Baptism,"  "  New 
Testament  and  Historical  Arguments  for  Infant 
Baptism  Considered."  One  or  two  other  pam- 
phlets, the  production  of  his  pen,  have  been  pub- 
lished. The  present  residence  of  Mr.  Smith  is 
Warwick,  R.  I. 

Smith,  Justin  A.,  D.D.,  was  bom  on  the  29tli 
of  Itecomber,  1819,  at  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  His 
father,  Almerin  Smith,  was  a  man  of  influence 
and  ability,  and  encouraged  the  literary  tastes 
early  developed  in  Ms  son.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  studied  one  year  at  New  Hampton  Literary  and 
Theological  Institute.  Soon  after  his  return  home  he 
was  converted,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
in  Ticonderoga.  After  three  years'  suspension  of 
study,  save  such  as  could  be  carried  on  privately, 
and  a  few  months  of  study  in  North  Granville 
Academy,  he  entered  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  graduating  in  1843,  Dr.  .Vlonzo  Potter  being 
then  acting  president,  although  Dr.  Nott,  so  famous 
in  his  time,  was  still  alive,  and  by  no  means  past 
service.  After  graduation  he  served  one  year  as 
principal  of  Union  Academy,  at  Bennington,  Vt. 
His  thoughts,  however,  had  been  directed  towards 
the  ministry,  and  at  the  solicitation  of  the  people 
ho  preached  a  few  times  for  them.  The  church  of 
North  Bennington  having  urgently  called  him  to 
the  pastorate,  he  at  once  relinquished  his  project 
of  teaching,  and  assumed  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
church.  Here  he  remained  five  years.  From  it 
ho  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  labored  for 
five   more   vears.     In   1853,   having  resigned    his 


SMITH 


1070 


SMITH 


charire  iit  lloclicster.  he  reinoveil  to  Cliicas'".  I"-t 
and  became  assoeiated  witli  Uev.  Leroy  Cliiiivli  in 
the  pditorship  of  the  Christian  Times.  Here  he 
found  tlic  sphere  of  hihor  to  which  his  tastes  and 


JISTIN     A.   SMITir,    D.D. 

talents  most  adapted  him.  and  in  the  management 
of  this  paper  he  lias  continued  up  ti>  the  present 
time.  Dr.  Smith,  after  twenty-eight  years  of  edi- 
torship, still  maintains  the  principal  editorial  con- 
trol of  the  paper,  now  called  the  Standard,  and 
with  no  less  vigor  and  ability  tlian  at  his  first  con- 
nection with  it. 

Besides  his  journalistic  labors  during  this  period, 
he  has  engaged  extensively  and  influentially  in 
church  work.  It  has  been  his  privilege  to  lead  in 
the  organization  of  three  Baptist  cliurches  of  the 
city  wliicli  have  had  creditable  histories :  the  North 
Baptist  church,  in  1857,  the  Indiana  Avenue,  in 
1S63,  of  which  he  was  pastor  five  years,  and  the 
University  Place  church,  which  he  served  for  some 
months,  leaving  it  for  an  extended  European  tour 
for  travel  and  study,  and  also  in  part  for  attendance 
at  the  Vatican  Council  at  Rome  in  18G9. 

Not  a  few  excellent  books  have  come  from  Dr. 
Smith's  pen,  the  best  known  being  the  ''  Memoir 
of  Nathaniel  Colver."  the  "  Shetland  Apostle,"  the 
"  Spirit  in  the  Wnrd,"  and  '•  Patmos ;  or,  the 
Kingdom  and  the  Patience."  One  or  two  other 
works  are  now  in  process  of  preparation.  lie  has 
devoted  no  little  time  and  energy  to  the  education.il 
interests  of  the  denomination,  having  been  con- 
nected as  a  trustee  with  the  University  of  Chicago 
and  the  Theological  Seminary  from  their  founda- 


tion. He  is  at  present  .giving  two  courses  of  lec- 
tures each  year  in  the  seminary,  and  is  thus  en- 
abled to  meet  personally  and  to  strongly  influence 
many  of  the  young  men  who  assume  the  care  of 
churches.  Ilis  writings  are  in  a  marked  manner 
chaste  and  elegant  in  diction,  comprehensive  in 
thiiught.  while  the  spirit  is  that  of  an  humble  dis- 
ciple of  tlie  .Master. 

Smith,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  bnm  in  Chester  Co.. 
Pa.,  July  20,  1820.  His  father  was  Kev.  Samuel 
Smith,  a  Baptist  pastor.  AVhen  twenty  years  oM 
he  was  converted,  and  baptized  by  Uev.  A.  D.  Gil; 
lette  ;  studied  at  Hamilton  ;  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  llatborough.  Pa.  ;  spent  several  years 
as  a  inissii)nary  in  New  Mexico;  returned  in  1855, 
and  settled  with  the  First  church  of  Trenton.  In 
1858  he  became  pastor  of  the  large  and  prosperous 
church  at  Hightstown.  In  1804  his  failing  health 
warned  him  to  seek  a  change.  While  on  a  journey 
in  Minnesota  he  departed  to  his  rest  on  Aug.  24, 
I.SG4.  He  was  an  eloquent  and  powerful  preacher. 
A  number  of  his  sermons  have  been  published  in 
a  memorial  volume.  His  brotherly  affection,  out- 
spoken patriotism,  glowing  devotion  to  the  mis- 
sionary cause,  and  deep  personal  piety  were  well 
known  to  all  who  wore  acquainted  with  him. 

Smith,  Rev.  Lucius,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
cimrcb  in  Verona,  Wis.,  is  a  native  of  Westmore- 
land, Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  in 
1830.  He  was  educated  at  Phillips  Academy,  Ex- 
eter, N.  II.,  and  ordained  to  the  work  of  tlie  Chris- 
tian ministry  at  Bristol,  Wis.,  in  ISGC.  In  April, 
1868,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Stoughton,  Wis.,  where  be  remained  five 
years,  developing  fine  abilities  as  a  preacher  and 
p;vstor.  In  1873  he  wivs  called  to  the  vacant  pas- 
torate at  Verona,  Wis.,  and  his  second  pastorate 
still  continues.  He  is  an  earnest,  natural,  simple, 
and  strong  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

Smith,  Lucius  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Williams- 
town,  Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1822,  and  graduated  at  Wil- 
liams College  in  the  class  of  1843.  He  read  law 
in  the  office  of  Hon.  D.  N.  Dewey,  of  Williams- 
town,  and  w.as  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845.  He 
was  associate  editor  of  the  Hartford  Daihj  Coiirant 
fir  a  time,  and  editor  of  the  Free-Soil  Adrucafe  in 
1848.  In  1849  he  was  associated  with  Hon.  Henry 
Wilson  in  editing  the  Boston  Republican.  During 
the  j'ears  1849-1854  he  was  assistant  in  the  secre- 
tary's department  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  The  next  three  years  he  spent  at 
Xewton,  graduating  with  the  class  of  1857,  and 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Gro- 
ton,  Mass.,  in  1858,  continuing  in  office  until  1865, 
when  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
Pastoral  Theology  in  the  University  of  Lewisburg, 
Pa.,  which  position  he  held  until  1868.  During 
one  year  of  this  time  he  was  the  editor  of  the  liap- 


SMITH 


1071 


SMITH 


list  Quarterly.  In  1868  he  entered  upon  his  duties 
as  literary  editor  of  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle, 
and  held  that  office  until  1870,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  editor  of  the  iVatchman,  which  place 
he  now  occupies. 

Dr.  .Smitli's  editorial  calling  seems  to  he  the  one 
for  which  he  has  special  and  most  superior  qualifi- 
cations. His  experience  in  this  line  goes  hack  to 
his  student  days,  when  for  a  year  he  was  editor  of 
the  Williams  Mi.icelhini/,  a  college  magazine.  Pres- 
ident Hopkins  said  at  tlie  expiration  of  that  year's 
work,  "  I  do  not  helieveyou  are  done  with  editing. 
I  am  inclined  to  think  it  is  your  vocation."  The 
event  has  justified  the  correctness  of  his  confident 
assertions.  Besides  articles  contril)uted  to  reviews, 
magazines,  and  various  newspapers,  Dr.  Smith 
puhlislied,  in  18.32,  '"  Heroes  and  MartNTS  nf  the 
Missionary  Enterprise,  with  an  Historical  Review 
of  Earlier  Missions."'  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  in  1869  hy  Williams  College. 
Dr.  Smith  is  one  of  tlie  ablest  and  best  men  in  the 
denomination. 

Smith,  Martin  Henry,  A.M.,  present  principal 
of  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution,  eldest  son 
of  Henry  and  Ly<lia  Smith,  was  born  in  Suffield, 
Conn.,  Aug.  5,  1833  ;  converted  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen ;  baptized  by  Dr.  Dwight  Ives  into  the  fel- 
h)wship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Suffield  ; 
prepared  for  college  at  the  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution  ;  entered  Williams  College  in  1853,  and 
graduated  in  18.')7  ;  for  two  subsequent  years  taught 
mathematics  in  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  ; 
in  1859  was  elected  principal  of  Maysville  Literary 
Institute,  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  a  high  school  chartered 
with  collegiate  privileges,  and  remained  until  June. 
1880,  when  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Literary  Institution  ;  was  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  Baptists  of  Kentucky ;  has  con- 
tributed valuable  articles  to  denominational  and 
educational  journals. 

Smith,  Judge  Perrin  M.,  was  bom  in  Middle- 
bury.  N.  Y.,  ill  ISll.  At  the  AVyoming  Academy, 
at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  was  converted,  and  joined 
the  Baptist  Cliurch  ;  studied  law,  and  entered  upon 
its  practice  in  Leroy  ;  came  to  Centreville,  Mich., 
in  1849.  He  was  the  chief  supporter  of  the  church 
in  that  place,  and  a  brotherly  helper  in  all  the 
churches.  As  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College,  he 
was  earnest  and  judicious,  expecting  great  things 
from  it,  and  attempting  great  things  for  it.  Added 
to  the  contributions  of  his  life  were  large  bequests 
for  the  college  in  his  will,  which,  unhappily,  failed 
of  realizing  his  designs  through  disastrous  litiga- 
tions. He  was  hcmest  and  manly  in  his  profession, 
and  incorruptible  upon  the  bench,  from  which  death 
suddenly  took  him  in  1866. 

Smith,  Robert,  the  Martyr,  was  in  the  em- 
ployment of  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  provost  of  Eton 


College  in  1555.  Then  he  came  to  the  Windsor 
College,  where  he  had  a  clerkship  of  ten  pounds  a 
ye.ar.  lie  was  tall  and  slender  in  stature,  very 
active  in  his  labors,  and  invested  with  great  powers 
of  mind.  The  ferocious  Bonner,  bloody  Mary's  prin- 
cipal inquisitor  in  murdering  the  saints  of  Jesus, 
met  in  him  an  intellectual  giant,  wiio  could  expose 
his  sophistries  in  a  moment  and  defy  his  rage. 
When  he  found  Christ  precious  to  his  soul  he  was 
filled  with  a  glowing  enthusiasm  and  a  fearless 
courage  wliich  made  him  despise  danger  and  death. 
He  was  deprived  of  his  clerkship  hy  Mary's  visit- 
ors, and  brought  to  Newgate  by  command  of  the 
council. 

lie  was  led  in  due  time  before  B<inner,  and  we 
give  a  few  of  the  questions  and  answers  of  his  ex- 
amination : 

BoNXF.R. — '■  How  long  is  it  since  you  confessed 
to  any  priest?" 

Smitu. — ''Never  since  I  had  years  of  discretion. 
For  I  never  saw  it  needful,  neither  was  I  com- 
manded of  God  to  show  my  faults  to  any  of  that 
sinful  number  whom  you  call  priests." 

Bo.vNER. — "  How  long  is  it  since  you  received  the 
sacrament  of  the  altar?"' 

SuiTii. — "I  never  received  the  same  since  I  had 
years  of  discretion,  nor  ever  will  by  God's  grace ; 
neither  do  I  esteem  the  same  in  any  point,  be- 
cause it  hath  not  God's  ordinance,  neither  in  name, 
nor  in  other  usage,  but  rather  is  set  up  to  mock 
God.'' 

BoxxER. — "You  must  be  burned." 

Smith. — "You  shall  do  no  more  to  me  than  you 
have  done  to  better  men  than  either  of  lis.  But 
think  not  thereby  to  quench  the  spirit  of  God,  or 
make  your  case  good  ;  fur  your  sore  is  too  well  seen 
to  be  healed  so  privily  with  blood.  For  even  the 
very  children  have  all  your  deeds  in  derision  ;  so 
that  although  you  patch  up  one  place  with  author- 
ity, yet  shall  it  break  out  in  forty  to  your  shame." 

BoNXER. — "I  believe,  I  tell  thee,  that  if  they 
(infants)  die  before  they  be  baptized,  they  be 
damned."' 

Smith. — "Ye  shall  never  be  saved  by  that  belief. 
But  I  pray  you,  my  lord,  show  me,  are  we  saved 
by  water  or  by  Christ?" 

BoxNER.— "By  both." 

Smith. — "  Then  the  water  died  for  our  sins  -,  and 
so  must  ye  say  that  the  water  hath  life,  and  it 
being  our  servant  and  created  for  us,  is  our  Saviour. 
This,  my  lord,  is  a  good  doctrine,  is  it  not?"  (Acts 
and  Monuments,  vii.  pp.  348.  3.V2.     London.  1838.) 

The  protracted  examination  of  this  great  man 
shows  a  marvelous  acuteness  of  mind  and  lofty 
heroism  in  danger.  He  was  given  to  the  flames  at 
Uxbridge,  and  out  of  their  midst  he  discoursed  to 
the  spectators.  When  black  with  smoke  and  almost 
roasted,  dratrn  into  a  shapeless  mass,  and  regarded 


SMITU 


1072 


SMITH 


as  dead,  he  suddenly  rose  up  before  the  people,  lift- 
ing the  stumps  of  his  arms,  and  clapping  the  same 
together,  lie  told  them  of  his  triumphant  joys,  and 
then,  bendlnj;  down  over  the  fire,  his  spirit  soared 

iiwiiv  to  the  t'voi'histing  fjlories  of  lieiivmi. 

Smith,  Samuel  Francis,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Oct.  21,  liS08.     lie  was  fitted  for  college  in 


SAMLEI,    FRANCIS    SMITH,   D.D. 

the  Boston  Latin  School,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard College  in  the  class  of  1829.  Among  his 
classmates  were  Judge  G.  T.  Bigelow,  Pr.  James 
Freeman  Clarke,  Judge  B.  11.  Curtis,  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes,  M.I).,  Prof.  Benjamin  I'ieroe,  and 
Dr.  CliaiuUer  liobbins.  Immediately  on  graduating 
he  went  to  the  Andover  Theological  Seminary,  and 
completed  his  course  of  study  there  in  1832.  For 
the  next  year  and  a  half  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Missiniuiri/  Magazine.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Watervillo,  Me.,  in 
February.  1S32,  and  elected  at  the  same  time  Pro- 
fessor of  Modern  Languages  in  Waterville  College. 
He  remained  in  Waterville  eight  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Newton  Centre,  Mass.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  twelve  years  and  a 
half.  During  this  period  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Christian  Review  from  the  commencement  of  the 
seventh  volume  to  the  close  of  the  thirteenth, 
writing  for  it  about  sixty  articles,  making  1380 
pages.  In  addition  to  all  this,  he  prepared  nearly 
all  the  literary  notices  which  were  published  while 
he  was  editor.  He  has  been  editor  of  the  publica- 
tions of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union 
for  about  seventeen  years. 


Dr.  Smith  was  the  author  of  the  national  hymn 
"  My  Country,  'tis  of  Thee,"  and  of  the  mission- 
ary hymn  "The  Morning  Light  is  Breaking," 
and  of  many  other  familiar  hymns.  In  connec- 
tion with  Kev.  Dr.  Baron  Stow,  he  compiled  the 
'■  Psalmist,''  which  for  many  years  was  a  standard 
hymn-book  in  the  denomination  throughout  the 
country.  He  has  also  published  "Lyric  Gems" 
and  "Life  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Grafton."  Dr. 
Smith  continues  to  reside  in  Newton  Centre,  sup- 
plying a  neighboring  church,  and  occupied  with 
such  literary  work  as  he  finds  congenial  with  his 
tastes. 

Smith,  Prof.  S.  K.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Litch- 
field, Me.,  Oct.  17,  1817.  He  became  a  Christian 
early  in  life,  and  made  a  profession  of  religion  in 
his  tvrentieth  year.  His  studies  preparatory  to 
college  were  pursued  at  the  Monmouth  and  Water- 
ville Academics.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville 
College  in  the  class  of  1845.  Soon  after  his  grad- 
uation he  took  charge  of  Townsend  Academy,  Vt., 
where  he  remained  until  he  was  appointed  tutor  of 
I  Waterville  College,  in  184G.  He  spent  one  year  at 
I  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  then  be- 
came editor  of  Zion's  Advocate.  He  occupied  this 
position  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  he  was 
chosen  Professor  of  Ilhetoiic  in  Waterville  College. 
In  1872  he  was  ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel, and  the  same  year  received  from  Colby  Uni- 
versity the  degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Smith  is  still  con- 
nected with  Colby  University  in  the  chair  to  which 
he  was  called  in  1850. 

Smith,  Rev.  Thomas,  one  of  the  most  brilliant, 
popular,  and  consecrated  young  preachers  that  Ken- 
tucky has  ever  produced,  was  born  in  Henry  County, 
of  that  State,  in  June,  1827.  His  father  was  a  Bap- 
tist, and  a  man  of  great  wealth.  In  1845,  while 
studying  law  at  Georgetown  College,  he  professed 
religion,  and  joined  the  Baptist  Church.  He  grad- 
uated in  1846,  and  was  licensed  to  preach.  He 
spent  three  years  in  Princeton  Theological  Semi- 
nary. On  his  return  to  Henry  County  he  com- 
menced holding  meetings  in  the  churches  around 
him.  He  labored  with  consuming  zeal  and  great 
power,  and  his  ministrations  were  blessed  in  the 
conversion  of  hundreds.  He  went  to  Louisville, 
united  two  small  churches,  formed  Walnut  Street 
Baptist  church,  and  became  its  first  pastor.  After 
a  few  months  of  labor  with  his  new  charge  his 
health  failed,  never  to  be  restored.  He  died  in 
Florida,  March  8,  1851 

Smith,  Gov.  "Wm.  E.,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1824.  His  parents  were  Alexander  and  Sai-ah 
Grant  Smith  ;  both  are  dead.  He  came  with  them 
to  America  when  a  boy,  and  spent  his  youth  in 
New  York  and  Michigan.  He  was  married  to 
Mary  Booth  in  1849,  and  soon  afterwards  removed 
to  Wisconsin.    He  settled  at  Fox  Lake,  Dodge  Co., 


SMITH 


1073 


SMl'TH 


and  engaged  in  business.  Like  many  Western 
men  of  activity  of  body  and  mind,  Mr.  Smitli  took 
practical  hold  of  political  matters  as  soon  as  he 
could  vote.     In  1851  he  was  elected  a  member  of 


GOV.   W.M.   E.   SMITH. 

the  Legislature  and  re-elected  in  1871,  when  he 
was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  house.  In  1858-59  he 
was  State  senator  from  his  district,  and  he  occupied 
the  same  position  in  1864-05.  He  was  elected 
State  treasurer  in  ISGfi,  and  held  the  office  for  four 
consecutive  years.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  by 
the  governor  of  the  State  a  member  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  normal  schools,  which  position  he 
held  until  1876.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  a 
director  of  the  State  prison,  and  retained  this 
position  until  1878.  Mr.  Smith  was  chosen  gov- 
ernor of  Wisconsin  in  1877,  and  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office  in  January,  1878.  He  was  re- 
elected in  1879,  receiving  the  largest  majority  ever 
given  to  a  governor  in  Wisconsin.  In  addition  to 
these  public  trusts.  Gov.  Smith  has  often  been 
chosen  to  cnunty  and  municipal  offices,  and  to  the 
position  of  director  in  banks,  insurance  companies, 
and  institutions  of  learning.  In  his  important  and 
responsible  office  his  conduct  is  visible  to  all  men, 
and  it  is  without  reproach.  His  intimate  friends, 
and  indeed  the  whole  people  of  the  State,  fully 
appreciate  tlie  rare  talents  which  he  so  ably  exer- 
cises in  his  administration.  Gov.  Smith  has  through 
his  many  years  of  public  service  not  only  main- 
tained but  increased  his  reputation  as  a  wise  and 
just  legislator,  and  faithful  and  conscientious  ex- 
ecutive officer.      He   has   shown  in  all  his  public 


duties  courage,  integrity,  justice,  and  a  steady  and 
untiring  industry.  Immediately  upon  his  settle- 
ment at  Beaver  Dam  he  uniteil  with  the  Baptist 
church,  having  been  previously  converted  and  bap- 
tized. Of  this  church  he  was  an  active  and  useful 
member  until  his  removal  to  Milwaukee  in  1871. 
Gov.  Smith  is  well  known  throughout  the  State  as 
an  exemplary  and  laborious  Christian,  a  practical 
and  consistent  temperance  man,  and  a  generous 
giver  to  every  good  cause.  In  all  the  political  con- 
troversies of  his  day  no  attack  lias  been  made  upon 
his  private  character.  Few  men  in  his  position 
have  received  such  considerate  treatment  in  this 
respect  as  Gov.  Smitli.  In  the  early  history  of  the 
church  of  which  he  was  for  many  years  a  member 
he  was  one  of  its  most  useful  men.  When  weak 
and  struggling  for  existence  be  was  its  sexton. 
usher,  Sunday-school  superintendent,  and  deacon. 
He  has  been  a  Sunday-school  teacher  nearly  all  his 
Christian  life.  In  the  early  educational  and  mis- 
sionary work  of  the  .State  he  has  taken  a  ileep  in- 
terest. For  many  years  he  was  the  treasurer  of 
the  State  Convention,  and  has  always  been  a  mem- 
Iji'r  of  its  board. 

Smyth,  Rev.  E.  T.,  was  bom  in  Lawrence  Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  June  3,  1828 ;  removed  with  Iiis  parents 
to  Callioun  Co.,  Ala.,  in  1837,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  W.  R.  Harris  in 
1843  ;  ordained  in  1849.  His  culture  is  of  a  highly 
useful  character.  The  iirst  ten  years  of  his  min- 
istry were  spent  with  village  and  country  churches, 
and  attended  with  gratifying  success.  F(U'  twenty 
years  he  has  been  a  popular  pastor  in  the  flourishing 
town  of  Oxford,  where  lie  ha.s  established  a  strong 
and  working  church,  gaining  for  himself  the  honor 
of  being  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  pastors  in 
the  State,  and  he  is  also  usefully  connected  with 
the  general  interests  of  the  denomination.  A  good 
preacher,  with  great  energy,  gifted  in  the  details 
of  pastoral  work,  and  distinguished  for  sound 
judgment  in  whatever  he  undertakes,  his  life  has 
been  eminently  successful. 

Smyth,  Rev.  John,  was  a  beneficed  clergyman 
of  the  Church  of  lOugland,  holding  the  living  of 
Gainsborougli,  in  Lincolnshire.  After  Robert 
Brown  gave  his  religious  doctrines  to  his  country- 
men, Mr.  Smyth  adopted  them,  and  he  became 
very  hostile  to  Episcopalian  ceremonies  and  pre- 
scribed forms  of  prayer.  He  sull'ered  heavily-  from 
the  persecuting  spirit  of  the  times,  and  to  escape 
its  evils  he  and  a  great  company  of  his  followers 
fled  to  Holland  in  1006,  where  they  united  with 
the  Englisii  Brownist  Church,  of  which  Mr.  John- 
son was  the  pastor,  and  -Mr.  Ainsworth  the  teacher. 

Mr.  Smyth  adopted  sentiments  that  rendered  him 
liable  to  the  charge  of  Arminianism  ;  and  he  also 
rejected  infant  baptism.  The  Brownist  congrega- 
tion was  filled  with  agitation  about  him  ;  many  re- 


SNEED 


1074 


SOUTH   CAUUJJSA 


ceivod  his  principles,  but  tlie  greater  niiinber  ex- 
pelled liim  and  his  friends  ;  tliey  eliiirged  liim  with 
hein;;  ''  a  murderer  of  the  souls  of  liabos  and  suck- 
linjis,  by  depriving  them  of  the  visil)le  seal  of  sal- 
vation." Several  worlts  were  written  against  Mr. 
Smyth's  real  and  imaginary  errors.  Mr.  Ains- 
wonh,  teacher  of  tlie  Brownist  congregation  of 
Amsterdam,  wrote  one,  Mr.  Johnson,  the  pastor, 
publislied  anollier,  Mr.  Robinson,  minister  of  the 
lirownist  congregation  of  Leyden,  issued  a  third. 
Even  tlie  good  bishop,  Joseph  Hall,  printed  a  work 
against  him  and  other  Nonconformists. 

Mr.  Smyth's  enemies  bring  several  charges 
against  him  which  look  frivolous  and  ridiculous. 
The  most  important  one  was  that  he  had  baptized 
himself,  and  this  they  denounce  as  a  dreadful 
heresy.  We  see  no  evidence  to  substantiate  the 
charge. 

Mr.  Smyth  was  a  great  man  among  the  Dissent- 
ers of  liis  day;  Bishop  Hall  bears  emphatic  evi- 
dence on  this  questiun  ;  and  others  speak  with 
equa)  force  about  his  prominence.  '"  lie  was  ac- 
counted," says  Kphraini  I'aget,  "  one  of  the  gran- 
dees of  the  separation,  and  he  and  his  followers 
did  at  once,  as  it  were,  swallow  up  all  the  rest  nf 
the  separation."  He  was  the  author  of  four  works. 
Ho  (lied  in  1611. 

Sneed,  Rev.  Robert,  was  a  native  of  Virginia, 
and  removed  to  Tennessee  some  forty  years  ago; 
was  then  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church.  He 
united  with  the  old  Sweetwater  church,  under  the 
pastorate  of  Ilev.  Kli  Cleveland,  and  soon  after  this 
was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  was 
a  man  of  giant  mind.  He  preached  extensively  in 
Kast  Tennessee ;  was  a  good  pastor,  a  fine  presid- 
ing officer,  and  for  many  years  was  moderator  of 
the  Sweetwater  Association,  and  also  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association.  He  was  doctrinal  in  his  style  of 
preaching.  His  influence  was  deeply  felt  in  his 
clays  of  usefulness.  He  died  March  29,  1878,  in 
Knoxville,  Tenn.  He  labored  most  zealously  for 
the  salvation  of  men  until  the  last  few  years  of  his 
life,  during  which  he  sufl'ored  great  affliction.  He 
fell  asleep  in  Jesus  in  the  full  assurance  of  the 
Master's  approbation.  Ilislast  words  were,  "Glory 
to  God  !" 

Snelling,  Rev.  Vincent,  was  the  first  Baptist 
minister  im  the  Pacific  coast.  He  was  born  March 
lo,  1797,  in  Christian  (afterwards  Caldwell)  Co., 
Ky.,  of  Baptist  parents.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  was  baptized,  suffering  much  ridicule  from  his 
companions,  some  of  whom  he  afterwards  led  to 
Christ.  He  was  ordained  in  Missouri.  In  1844 
he  removed  to  Oregon,  and  gave  himself  fully  to 
the  ministry.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  organized 
a  church  at  West  Union, — the  first  Baptist  church 
west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  1840  he  organ- 
ized the  Yamhill  and  Lacreole  churches,  and  after- 


wards assisted  in  forming  several  others.  In  1848 
he  helped  to  organize  the  Willamette  Asgociation, 
the  oldest  Baptist  Association  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
In  preaching  he  was  earnest  and  jiractical,  with 
doctrinal  tendencies.  He  was  a  thorough  pioneer 
Bible  Baptist,  and  traveled  extensively  through 
Oregon  and  California,  convincing  men  mightily  by 
the  multitude  of  his  Scripture  proofs  and  his  posi- 
tiveness  in  stating  the  truth.  About  the  beginning 
of  18oG  he  died  at  Yrcka,  Cal.,  in  the  triumph  of 
Christian  faith.  The  Willamette  Association,  at 
its  meeting  in  1856,  made  this  record  of  him  :  he 
was  "  a  pioneer  in  the  Baptist  cause  in  Oregon,  a 
strong  pillar,  and  active  co-laborer  in  the  cause  of 
Christ." 

Snyder,  Rev.  Frederick,  was  a  graduate  of 
Union  College,  N.  Y.,  and  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Dayton,  O.,  from  1844  to  I8.J1  ;  subsequently  pas- 
tor of  churches  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  and  Wil- 
liamsburg, N.  Y.,  where  he  died  July  2,  1853  ;  was 
buried  at  Dayton,  0.,  where  he  had  been  greatly 
snccc'ssful  and  much  beloved. 

South  Carolina,  The  Baptists  of.— The  First 
Baptist  church  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  the  first  in  the 
colony,  was  probably  founded  in  Kittery,  Me.,  by 
Rev.  William  Screven,  Deacon  Humphrey  Church- 
wood,  and  eight  other  brethren,  with  some  sisters, 
in  September,  1682.  Persecutions  in  Maine,  it  is 
said  by  some,  dissolved  the  community,  and  it  is 
certain  that  they  drove  away  the  leaders  and  others 
from  that  territory.  In  the  same,  or  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  Mr.  Screven,  with  a  number  of  his 
Kittery  brethren,  arrived  in  South  Carolina,  and 
either  regarded  their  Eastern  church  organization 
as  still  in  force  or  formed  a  new  one.  They  settled 
first  on  the  west  side  of  the  Cooper  River,  and  soon 
after  removed  to  Charleston,  then  a  village. 

The  second,  the  Ashley  River  church,  was  formed 
in  1730,  with  Rev.  Isaac  Chanler  as  pastor. 

The  third,  the  Pee  Dee,  now  the  Welsh  Neck 
church,  was  organized  in  1738.  James  James, 
Esq.,  was  the  leader  in  the  movement,  whose  son 
Philip  soon  after  liccame  the  pastor. 

The  fourth  church  was  the  Euhaw,  formed  in 
1 746  as  an  independent  body,  having  for  some  years 
been  a  branch  of  the  Charleston  church.  The  old 
building  was  burnt  during  the  war.  The  old 
barrel-like  pulpit  and  the  sounding-board  were  still 
preserved  because  Whiteficid  had  once  preached 
there.  The  writer  saw  them  shortly  before  they 
were  consumed. 

THE  CHARLESTON   BAPTIST   ASSOCIATION 

was  formed  in  1751,  the  first  meeting  being  held  in 
Charleston,  Oct.  21.  Rev.  Oliver  Hart  was  the 
moving  spirit.  They  obtained  from  the  Philadel- 
phia Association  Griffith's  "  Essay  on  the  Nature, 
Power,  and  Duty  of  an  Association"  as  the  basis 


SOUTH  CAROLIKA 


1075 


SOUTH   CAHOLIXA 


of  union.  The  object  was  declared  to  be  tlie  pro- 
motion of  tliu  Redeemer's  kingdom  by  the  mainte- 
nance of  love  and  fellowship.  The  independence 
of  the  churches  was  asserted,  and  the  power  of  the 
body  restricted  to  an  advisory  conncil. 

MISSIONS. 
In  1755  tlicy  bej^an  to  collect  funds  to  supply  the 
destitute  places  with  preachinj;  in  their  own  and 
in  the  adjoinin;;  provinces,  and  the  next  year  Ilev. 
John  (jaiu)  was  sent  by  the  Philadelphia  Associa- 
tion to  the  Yadkin  settlement,  in  North  Carolina, 
and  wherever  Providence  mi^ht  direct  his  steps, 
and  his  labors  were  eminently  successful. 

CONFESSION   OP   FAITH. 
In  1767  the  Association  adopted  the  Confession 
of  Faith    published   by  the   London    Assembly  in 
lt')S9.     That  year  there  were  8  churches,  with  S'JO 
members,  in  South  Carolina. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

In  1774  a  resolution  was  adopted  by  the  Asso- 
ciation recommending  the  churches  to  contribute 
funds  for  the  Rhode  Island  College,  now  Brown 
University.  The  body  also  urged  the  churches  to 
send  funds  to  the  brethren  in  Massachusetts,  then 
suffering  for  righteousness'  sake. 

The  Religious  Society  and,  afterwards,  the  Gen- 
eral Committee  were  the  agencies  through  which 
funds  for  missions  and  the  education  of  young  min- 
isters were  collected  and  disbursed.  Probably  nearly 
one  hundred  young  men  have  from  time  to  time 
shared  in  its  benefactions.  Among  these  were  the 
elder  Dr.  Brantly,  Rev.  J.  L.  Brooks,  the  venerable 
Jesse  Mercer,  and  the  writer,  who  most  gratefully 
acknowledges  his  obligation  to  the  same  source. 

RELIGIOUS  LIBERTY. 
It  is  pleasing  to  find  here,  as  everywhere  else, 
our  brethren  contending  for  complete  religious 
liberty.  In  1779  the  Charleston  Association  ap- 
pointed a  standing  committee  for  several  purposes, 
and  "  particularly  to  treat  with  the  government  in 
behalf  of  the  churches''  for  complete  freedom  from 
political  control. 

NEW  ASSOCIATIONS. 
Churches  having  sprung  up  here  and  there  in 
the  "  backwoods,"  the  distance  sometimes  traveled 
to  reach  the  Association,  and  the  want  of  facilities 
for  traveling,  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Bethel 
Association,  in  17S9.  In  ISOO  the  Broad  River 
was  constituted.  In  ISOl;  the  Savaunali  River,  the 
Saluda  in  lSO:i,  the  Edgelield  in  ISOS,  and  the 
Moriah  in  11S15.  Thus  did  our  Zion  "lengthen 
her  cords  and  strengthen  her  stakes,"  until,  in 
1819,  the  letter  of  the  High  Hills  church  suggested 
to  the  Charleston  Association  the  formation  of 


THE   SOUTH   CAROLINA    BAPTIST   STATE   CON- 
VE.VTION. 

From  their  settlement  in  South  Carolina  its  Bap- 
tist people  took  an  active  interest  in  ministerial 
education  and  missions.  In  colonial  times  thry 
gave  a  large  sum  to  aid  in  establishing  Rhode 
Island  College,  now  Brown  University.  '"The  Re- 
ligious Society''  was  founded,  in  1755,  in  the  First 
church  of  Charleston  to  aid  missions  and  minis- 
terial education.  This  society  rendered  ellicicnt 
help  to  ministers' preaching  among  whites  and  In- 
dians, and  it  sustained,  in  whole  or  in  part,  a  num- 
ber of  candidates  for  the  ministry  who  were  under 
the  instruction  of  Rev.  Oliver  Hart  and  others. 

In  1819  both  the  Charleston  and  High  Hills 
churches  suggested  to  the  Charleston  Association 
the  propriety  of  forming  a  more  general  union  of 
the  churches  for  this  double  purjiose.  The  plan 
had  been  drawn  by  Dr.  R.  Furman,  then  pastor  in 
Charleston.  This  led  to  the  meeting  of  delegates 
from  the  Charleston,  Savannah  River,  and  Edge- 
field Associations,  in  Columbia,  in  December,  1821. 
who  formed  the  Baptist  State  Convention.  Dr. 
Richai-d  Furman  was  its  first  president,  and  held 
that  position  until  his  death,  Aug.  25,  182.3.  Ills 
successors  have  been  W.  B.  Johnson,  Basil  Manly, 
J.  C.  Furman,  J.  B.  O'Neall,  E.  T.  Winkler,  J.  P. 
Boyce,  J.  L.  Reynolds,  J.  A.  Broadus.  No  Con- 
vention can  show  a  more  distinguished  list  of  pre- 
siding officers. 

The  Convention  founded  the  Furman  Theological 
Institute,  which  has  grown  into  both  Furman  Uni- 
versity and  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary. 

The  State  Boai-d  of  Missions  employed  last  year 
(1880)  about  thirty  missionaries,  and  not  only  paid 
them,  but  reserved  sufficient  funds  to  pay  the  first 
quarter's  salary  for  1881  in  advance. 

There  are  now  twenty-eight  white  Associations 
in  the  State  co-operating  with  the  Convention. 

There  is  great  harmony  and  hearty  effort  in  sus- 
taining the  Convention. 

The  present  officers  are  Col.  B.  W.  Edwards, 
President;  T.  P.  Smith,  Vice-President:  Capt.  A. 
B.  WoodruS'and  Rev.  Luther  Broadus,  Secretaries  ; 
and  Prof.  C.  II.  Judson,  Treasurer.  E.xecntive 
Board:  Rev.  Charles  Manly,  D.D.,  President: 
Rev.  A.  W.  Lomax,  A'ice-President ;  Rev.  W.  H. 
Strickland,  Corresponding  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

lu  1880,  according  to  the  "Baptist  Year-Book." 
there  were  in  South  Carolina  44  Baptist  Associa- 
tions, 1 126  churches,  and  140,442  members.  The 
white  and  colored  Baptists  are  included  in  these 
statistics. 

South  Carolina,  Baptist  Journalism  in.— 
Rev.  Joseph  A.  Lawton  distinctly  rememliers  that 
Rev.  W.  H.  Brisbane,  M.D.,  was  publishing  a 
paper  in  Charleston  in   1830.     It  is  probable  that 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


1076 


SOUTH  JERSEY 


Dr.  Manly  assumed  the  editorship  when  Dr.  Bris- 
bane retired. 

There  are  now  two  copies  of  The  Southern  Watch- 
man and  General  Intelligencer  in  existence,  dated 
Feb.  3  and  Feb.  10,  1837,  printed  in  Charleston  by 
James  S.  Burges,  and  edited  by  the  late  Basil 
Manly,  D.D.  These  numbers  belong  to  the  fourth 
Tolume.  The  terms  were  S3  in  advance,  $3.50  in 
six  months,  and  $4  afterwards. 

From  among  many  interesting  items  we  se- 
lect the  following  statistics  of  South  Carolina  Bap- 
tists for  1835:  Associations,  14;  churches,  336; 
ordained  ministers,  158:  licentiates,  55  ;  baptisms, 
1985  ;  members,  33,486.  There  is  an  extract  from 
the  RcUgiiin.i  Herald,  and  one  from  the  Mississippi 
Christian  Herald. 

Rev.  T.  W.  Haynes  published  a  monthly  in 
Charleston,  and  in  1843  he  began  the  Carolina 
Jiaplist,  which  was  published  for  some  years. 

The  Southern  Baptist  was  first  pul)lished  in 
1846.  It  was  for  years  edited  by  a  committee  of 
brethren,  consisting  of  Rev.  J.  R.  Kendrick,  James 
Tupper,  Esq.,  and  others.  Next  by  Rev.  E.  T. 
Winkler,  D.D.,  then  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Tustin,  and 
finally  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Carson.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  war  the  paper  was  suspendeil  on  account  of 
the  uncertain  future,  and  never  resumed. 


The  Baptist  Church  and  Snndat/- School  Magazine 
\  (monthly),  edited  and  published  by  Rev.  T.  R. 
I  Gaines,  gave  us  a  tenfold  blessing.  The  latter  did 
not  continue  long.  In  about  three  years  Brother 
Walters  sold  the  subscription-list  and  good-will  to 
the  Religious  Herald,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

After  an  interregnum  of  about  a  year.  Brother  T. 
R.  Gaines  began'to  publish  the  IVioLing  Christian 
at  Yorkville.  A  year  or  so  afterwards  he  removed 
to  Charleston,  and  then  to  Columbia.  He  sold  out 
to  Mr.  Junkin,  who,  again,  transferred  it  to  the 
present  proprietor.  Col.  James  A.  Hoyt.  Brother 
Iloyt  removed  it  to  Greenville,  and  soon  after  ex- 
clianged  the  name  of  The  Working  Christian  for 
that  of  The  Baptist  Courier,  and  pKiced  it  under 
the  editorial  management  of  Rev.  J.  C.  liidcn, 
D.D.  It  is  now  edited  by  the  proprietor  and  Rev. 
J.  A.  Chambliss,  D.D.,  whose  classic  pen  is  cer- 
tainly not  inferior  to  any  of  its  predecessors. 
South  Jersey  Institute,  The.— The  idea  that 

g;ivc  liiith  to  this  noble  iicademy  was  first  seriously 
entertained  by  that  veteran  and  honored  pastor, 
the  Rev.  R.  F.  Young,  of  Iladdonfield.  At  his 
suggestion,  when  settled  at  Salem,  in  1849,  a  con- 
vention of  churches  connected  with  the  West  New 
Jersey  Baptist  Association  was  held  in  his  meet- 
ing-house, at  which  resolutions  were  passed  com- 


^^^#^iixtes 


SOUTH    JEKSEV    l.NSTITUTE,   BRIDGETON,   N.  J. 


It  was  succeeded  by  the  Confederate  Baptist, 
published  in  Columbia,  and  edited  by  that  accom- 
plished scholar  and  Christian  gentleman,  Rev.  J. 
L.  Reynolds,  D.D. 

Soon  after  the  war  TTie  South  Carolina  Baptist 
was  started ;  it  was  edited  and  published  by  Rev. 
W.   E.  Walters,  at   Anderson   Court-IIouse ;  and 


mending  the  project  for  establishing  a  first-class 
academy. 

The  church  at  Salem,  through  an  educational 
committee,  fitted  up  a  room  in  the  rear  of  their 
lecture-room  in  1852,  and  secured  the  services  of 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Richards  and  his  wife,  of  Provi- 
dence,  to  take  charge  of   the   infant   enterprise. 


SOUTHERN 


1077 


SOUTHERN 


Tliey  were  specially  qualified  for  the  work,  ami 
their  success  was  in  the  highest  degree  Battering. 
But  Mr.  Richards  accepted  anotlier  position  in 
Salem,  which  resulted  in  the  closing  of  the  school. 

On  Sept.  12,  1865,  the  West  New  Jersey  Baptist 
Association  appointed  a  committee  to  consider  this 
question  and  report  during  the  Association.  The 
committee  was  nuiuerous,  earnest,  and  able,  and 
their  report,  which  was  adopted,  recommended  im- 
mediate efforts  to  secure  a  suitable  building.  A 
committee  was  appointed  to  carry  out  the  decision 
of  the  Association.  They  selected  Bridgeton  as  the 
place  wliere  the  school  should  be  located,  and  a 
first-class  academy  for  the  education  of  both  sexes 
as  the  institution  to  be  founded. 

Bridgeton  lies  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  both 
sides  of  the  Cohansey  River.  It  contains  about 
8000  inhabitants.  It  has  two  Baptist  churches. 
The  character  of  its  population  specially  fits  it  to 
be  the  seat  of  a  large  academy.  The  scenery  around 
it  ischarming,  and  the  health  of  its  residents  makes 
it  iieculiarly  desirable  for  those  who  wish  long  life. 
The  site  of  the  academy  is  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful, for  educational  purposes,  in  the  whole  country. 
Forests,  rich  farms,  and  the  winding  Cohansey  are 
spread  out  before  the  spectator  as  he  looks  down 
from  the  grounds  of  the  institute.  These  grounds 
were  given  by  H.  J.  Mullbrd,  Esq.,  of  Bridgeton  ; 
they  contain  about  ten  and  a  half  acres. 

The  structure  consists  of  a  central  building  43 
by  58,  with  an  east  and  west  wing,  each  57  by  41, 
making  the  entire  leagtli  157  feet.  It  is  built  of 
brick,  lighted  by  ga.s.  and  heated  by  steam  ;  and  it 
is  five  stories  high.  Its  appearance  is  imposing, 
and  it  has  every  convenience  for  carrying  out  the 
aims  of  its  Christian  projectors.  It  is  fitted  to  ac- 
commodate one  hundred  and  twenty-five  boarders. 
It  was  opened  for  pupils  in  October,  1870.  The 
buildings  and  grounds  are  valued  at  S75,OUO. 
Ladies  and  gentlemen  bearing  the  hunored  name 
of  Mulford  have  on  various  occasions  given  i?50,000 
to  the  institute.  Many  others  in  New  Jersey,  and 
some  friends  in  Pennsylvania,  have  contributed 
liberally  in  the  erection  of  the  building  and  in 
centennial  gifts. 

The  principal,  II.  K.  Trask.  LL.D.,  by  scholar- 
ship, talents,  and  experience  is  fitted  for  the  marked 
success  that  has  attended  his  labors  in  the  institute. 
In  1880  ten  instructors  assisted  the  principal  in 
training  one  hundred  and  fifty  pupils  for  the  toils 
of  coming  life. 

Southern  Baptist,  a  Baptist  paper  published  at 
Meridian,  Miss.,  by  Rev.  X.  Gressett.  Circulation 
encouraging. 

Southern  Baptist  Convention. — That  Adoni- 
ram  Jmlsoii  and  Luther  Rice  by  independent  study 
of  the  Scriptures  should  become  Baptists,  while 
voyaging  to  India,  was  a  singular  fact  in  the  his- 


tory of  missions.  This  change  of  opinion  neces- 
sitated their  support  by  the  Baptists  of  the  United 
States.  Luther  Rice  returned  to  America  to  arouse 
among  the  Baptist  churches  increased  missionary 
ardor.  Traveling  much  in  the  South,  he  so  en- 
listed an  interest  in  behalf  of  the  work  of  missions 
that,  when  the  General  Missionary  Convention  was 
formed,  Southern  Baptists  participated  largely  in 
the  movement.  Dr.  Richard  Furnian,  of  .South 
Carolina,  was  the  first  president.  Under  the  consti- 
tution and  proceedings  of  that  body,  for  thirty  years 
no  discrimination  was  made  in  favor  of  or  against 
either  section.  Northern  and  Southern  Baptists 
acted  in  entire  harmony.  In  course  of  time  the 
antislaveholding  sentiment  became  so  strong  that 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  declared,  in  response 
to  a  demand  for  an  explicit  avowal  of  opinions  and 
purposes,  that  a  slaveholder  offering  himself  as  a 
missionary  would  not  be  appointed.  The  Home 
Mission  Society,  organized  fur  domestic  mission 
work,  avowed  practically  a  similar  opinion,  and 
declared  in  favor  of  a  separate  missionary  organ- 
ization at  the  South  and  at  the  North. 

In  view  of  this  antagonism  of  opinion,  the  board 
of  the  Virginia  Foreign  Mission  Society  suggested 
a  convention  to  confer  on  the  best  means  of  pro- 
moting the  foreign  mission  cause  and  other  interests 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  South.  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  and  Thursday  before  the  second  Lord's 
day  in  May,  1845,  were  suggested  as  a  proper  place 
and  a  proper  time  for  the  meeting  ;  on  May  8, 
1845,  310  delegates  from  Maryland,  the  District  of 
Columbia,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Car- 
olina, Georgia,  Alabama,  Louisiana,  and  Kentucky 
met  at  Augusta.  Amoug  these  men,  who  came 
together  to  deliberate,  were  Fuller,  Manly,  Furman, 
Johnson,  Jeter,  Robinson,  Howell,  Curtis,  Brantly, 
Taylor,  Mell,  Crawford,  Dagg,  Lumpkin,  Ilillyer, 
Cooper,  Dockery,  Witt,  Hume,  Mallary,  Winkler, 
etc. 

Wm.  B.  .Johnson,  D.D.,  of  South  Carolina,  was 
chosen  president.  A  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted  that  "  To  accomplish  the  greatest  amount 
of  good,  and  for  the  maintenance  of  those  Scrip- 
tural principles  on  which  the  General  Convention 
of  the  Baptists  was  originally  formed,"  the  Con- 
vention should  organize  a  society  for  the  propaga- 
tion of  the  gospel.  A  constitution,  precisely  that 
of  the  original  union,  was  adopted,  "  for  eliciting, 
combining,  and  directing  the  energies  of  the  whole 
denomination  in  one  sacred  effort  lor  the  propaga- 
tion of  the  gospel."  A  board  for  foreign  missions 
was  appointed  and  located  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and 
a  board  for  domestic  missions  at  Marion,  Ala. 

No  good  would  come  of  a  discussion  of  the  causes 
of  the  origin  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
Property  in  slaves  has  now  happily  ceased  to  dis- 
turb political  and  religious  assemblages.     The  sep- 


f^OUTHERN 


107S 


SOUTHERN 


aration  was  reluctant  and  painful,  but  God  has 
I  brought  ftood  out  of  apparent  evil.  A  separate 
organization  has  developed  the  resources  and  ener- 
gies of  Southern  Baptists,  quickened  a  sense  of 
responsibility,  and  trained  to  more  active  benefi- 
cence. Biiptist  societies  for  the  spread  of  the  gos- 
pel, existing  in  different  portions  of  the  Union,  are 
now  working  without  jar  or  discord,  the  most  fra- 
ternal feelings  are  cherished,  and  few  desire  an  or-' 
ganic  union  co-extensive  with  our  territorial  limits. 
.Southern  Baptists  have  contrihuteil  for  foreign 
missions  from  1.^4.5  to  1879,  §9:50,377.23.  In  the 
last  seven  years  S'2s4,()l0.99  have  Ijeen  given  for 
foreign  missions,  !?7li,01)0  more  than  the  whole 
amount  raised  during  the  thirty  years'  connection 
with  the  Triennial  Convention. 

The  Board  for  Foreign  Missions  had  J.  B.  Jeter, 
D.D.,  fur  its  first  president,  and  James  B.  Taylor, 
D.D.,  for  its  corresponding  secretary.  J.  L.  M. 
Curry.  D.I).,  LL.D..  is  the  present  president,  and 
II.  A.  Tupper.  1). I).,  the  corresponding  secretary. 

Dr.  Tupper,  the  scholarly  secretary,  has  recently 
published,  with  the  imprimatur  of  the  Publication 
Society,  a  very  valuable  book,  giving  full  informa- 
tion of  the  past  and  present  work  of  the  board. 

The  Home  Mission  Board  at  Marion,  Ala.,  for- 
merly called  the  Domestic  Mission  Board,  has  E. 
T.  Winkler,  D.D.,  for  its  president,  and  W.  II. 
-Mcintosh,  D.D.,  for  its  corresponding  secretary. 
This  board  seeks  to  remedy  religious  destitution  in 
the  Southern  States  and  among  the  Indian  tribes 
adjacent  to  its  territory.  It  has  also  a  mission 
among  the  Chinese  in  California.  During  the  war 
a  valuable  work  was  done  in  the  Confederate  army 
in  supplying  the  soldiers  with  the  Scriptures  and 
religious  literature,  and  in  supporting  seventy- 
eight  missionaries. 

In  1803  the  Convention  estiiblished  a  Sunday- 
school  board  at  Greenville,  S.  C.  and,  under  the 
efficient  secretaryship  of  C.  J.  Elford,  Esq.,  and  C. 
C.  Bitting,  D.D.,  did  active  and  valuable  service. 
In  1808  it  was  removed  to  Memphis,  and  in  a  few 
years  was  discontinued. 

The  Southern  Baptist  Theological  .Seminary,  now 
at  Louisville.  Ky.,  while  not  under  the  control  of 
the  Convention,  is  regarded  with  peculiar  favor, 
and  receives  at  every  meeting  attentive  considera- 
tion. 

Since  the  war  the  Convention  meets  annually. 
The  boards  submit  to  the  Convention  reports  of 
their  operations,  receipts,  and  expenditures,  and 
the  officers  and  members  are  annually  appointed. 

Organized  to  "  promote  foreign  and  domestic 
missions  and  other  important  objects  connected 
with  the  Redeemer's  kingdom,"  and  respecting 
fully  "  the  independence  and  equal  rights  of  the 
churches,"  the  Convention  consists  of  members 
who  contribute  funds,  or  are  delegated  by  religious 


bodies  contributing  funds,  on  the  basis  of  one  dele- 
gate for  every  SIOU  given  within  the  twelve  months 
next  preceding  the  meeting  of  the  body.  To  bring 
the  Convention  into  still  closer  affiliation  with  State 
Conventions  and  General  Associations,  representa- 
tives from  those  bodies  are  also  admitted  on  the 
basis  of  .S.ilJO  expended  for  objects  similar  to  those 
in  the  pi-omotion  of  which  the  Convention  is  en- 
gaged. 

Between  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  and 
the  three  great  Baptist  organizations  at  the  North 
— the  Missionary  Union,  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, and  the  Publication  Society — the  utmost 
harmony  and  fraternity  exist.  Each  working  in 
its  own  approved  way  has  the  good  will  and 
prayers  of  the  others. 

FOREIGN   MISSION'S   AND   MISSIONARIES. 

Brazili-vn  Mission. — This  mission  in  the  prov- 
ince of  San  Paulo,  adopted  in  1879,  has  a  church 
:  of  thirty  members  at  Santa  Barbara,  and  another  of 
twelve  members  at  "  Station.'  Rev.  E.  II.  (iuillan 
has  been  te.acher  and  preacher.  On  Jan.  13,  1881, 
Rev.  W.  B.  Bagby  and  wife,  of  Texas,  were  sent  to 
[  reinforce  the  mission.  In  18.i9  the  Convention 
started  a  work  in  Rio  de  Janeiro,  under  Rev.  and 
Mrs.  T.  .J.  Bowen,  former  missionaries  to  Africa. 
The  mission  was  abandoned  in  1801,  on  account  of 
obstacles  that  do  not  now  exist  and  the  wrecked 
health  of  Mr.  Bowen.  The  present  outlook  is 
promising,  though  the  field  is  hard. 

Mexic.xn  Mission-. — The  Convention  h.ad  but  re- 
cently accepted  as  their  missionary  Rev.  J.  O.  West- 
rup,  stationed  at  Muzquis,  in  the  .State  of  Coahuila, 
when,  on  Dec.  '21.  1880,  he  was  murdered  by  a  band 
of  Indians  and  Mexicans.  Another  missionary  will 
be  soon  appointed,  and  probably  stationed  at  Mon- 
terey, where  there  is  a  Baptist  Missionary  Society. 
Rev.  T.  M.  Westrup,  of  Corpus  Christi,  brother  of 
the  murdered  missionary,  writes,  Feb.  5,  1881  :  "I 
sometimes  think  Catholic  fanaticism  or  national 
prejudice  had  more  to  do  with  the  case  than  ap- 
pears 80  far."     This  blood  may  be  seed. 

Italian"  Missio.v. — This  work  was  organized  in 
Rome,  in  the  fall  of  1870,  by  Rev.  AV.  N.  Cote, 
M.D.,  who  labored,  with  marked  success,  until 
1873,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  G.  B.  Taylor, 
D.D.  Dr.  Cote  died  in  Rome  in  1877.  Rev.  J.  H. 
Eager  and  wife  joined  the  mission  in  1880.  The 
chapel  at  Rome  cost  some  $30,000.  To  build  one 
at  Torre  Pellice  §3000  have  been  collected.  This 
mission  has  prospered  from  the  beginning,  and  is 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  There  arc  five  schools, 
with  some  150  pupils  :  the  church  membership  is 
about  175.  The  stations  and  laborers  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

At  Rome,  G.  B.  Taylor,  Mrs.  Taylor,  J.  II.  Eager, 
Mrs.  Eager,  and   Signor  Cocorda ;  Torre  Pellice, 


SOUTHERN 


1079 


SOUrUERN 


Sinnor  Ferraris;  Milan,  Sii;nor  Pasclietlo ;  Mo- 
Ut'na  and  Carpi,  Si,i;nur  Martinelli ;  Naples,  Signor 
Coloiiilio  :  Bari  and  Barletta.  Si(;nor  Volpi ;  island 
of  Sardinia,  Signor  Cossn ;  A'enice,  Signor  Bel- 
londi ;  Bologna,  Signor  Basile. 

A  sketch  of  Dr.  O.  B.  'J'avlor.  whose  praise  for 
cniinent  wisdom  is  in  all  the  churches,  appears 
elsewhere  in  this  "  Encvclopiedia.'' 

African  Missions. — Liberiitn  and  Sierra  Leone 
Misniiin. — The  First  Baptist  church  nf  Monrovia, 
Liberia,  was  organized  with  twelve  members,  in 
1S21,  in  a  private  dwelling  in  Richmond,  Va.,  Feb. 
2,  1840,  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Conventicm  having  resolved  to 
start  a  mission  in  Africa.  That  year  two  colored 
brethren.  Rev.  John  Day  and  Rev.  A.  L.  Jones, 
were  appointed  missinnaries.  From  1846  to  1856 
many  others  were  appointed,  and  churches  and 
schools  were  established  in  fourteen  villages  of 
Liberia  and  two  in  Sierra  Leone.  In  1852  and  in 
1854  the  mission  was  visited  respectively  by  Rev. 
Eli  Ball  and  Rev.  Jolin  Kingdon  in  the  interest 
of  the  board.  In  1860  there  were  24  stations  and 
churches,  IS  pastors,  1258  members,  26  teachers, 
and  065  pupils.  During  our  civil  war  the  mission 
suspended,  and  resumed  in  1871.  under  Rev.  A.  D. 
Philips,  who  had  been  identified  with  the  Yoruban 
Mission  of  the  Cmivention.  Eight  stations  were 
established  in  Liberia  and  the  Beir  country,  and 
fifteen  missionaries  and  teachers  were  appointed. 
The  stations  in  Liberia  were  posts  for  the  interior 
work  in  the  Beir  country,  through  which  it  was 
hoped  that  access  might  be  had  again  to  Yoruba, 
from  which  the  missionaries  had  been  driven  in 
1807.  In  1873  the  missionaries  were  expelled  from 
the  Beir  country.  Our  country  being  under  a  fear- 
ful monetary  pressure,  the  missionaries,  except  the 
supervisors, — B.  P.  Yates  and  J.  J.  Cheeseman, — 
were  dismissed.  A  gratuity  of  S500  was  distributed 
among  them.  They  acted  with  noble  Christian 
spirit.  Jan.  8.  1875,  Rev.  W.  J.  David  and  Rev. 
W.  W.  Colley  (cnlored)  sailed  for  Africa.  Finding 
Y'oruba  reopened  to  missionaries,  they,  according 
to  instructions,  settled  all  accounts,  and  closed  the 
mission  in  Liberia,  and  in  October,  1875,  resumed 
work  in  Yoruba.  From  1845  to  1875  thousands 
had  been  converted  and  taught  through  the  Libe- 
rian  and  Sierra  Leone  Mission,  and  many  strong 
and  godly  men  and  women  of  the  African  race  were 
developed.  Among  the  colored  missionaries  pub- 
licly recorded  are  F.  S.  James,  who  left  in  his- 
churches  the  savor  of  a  holy  life;  B.  P.  Yates,  J. 
II.  Cheeseman,  J.  J.  Cheeseman.  noted  respectively 
fur  financial  abilitv,  spiritual  devotion,  and  uncom- 
mon culture  ;  A.  P.  Davis,  15.  J.  Drayton.  J.  T. 
Richardson,  R.  E.  Murray,  J.  M.  Harden,  J.  J.  Fitz- 
gerald, Lewis  K.  Crocker,  Jacob  Von  Brunn,  Mil- 
ford  D.  Ilorndon,  and  Josephine  Early.    John  Day, 


the  first  missionary,  was  born  at  Ilicksford,  Va., 
Feb.  18,  17y7  ;  was  baptized  in  1820;  licensed  to 
)ireach  in  1821  ;  went  to  Liberia  in  IS.'jO;  resigned 
ajudgeship,  and  waselected.  without  his  consent, 
lieutenant-governor,  in  1847.  In  1849  he  estab- 
lished a  manual  labor  school  of  fifty  pupils  at  Bex- 
ley.  In  1854  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Mcmrovia,  where  he  founded  ami  presided  over  a 
high  school,  known  as  "Day's  Hope,"  in  which 
were  departments  elementary,  cl.assical,  and  theo- 
logical. As  superintendent  of  the  mission,  he  made 
extensive  prc'acliing  tours,  and  reported  "  a  Sun- 
day-scli<iol  in  every  village,  and  the  Word  preached 
statedly  to  more  than  10,000  heathen."  This  re- 
markable man  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  in  1859. 
Prof.  E.  AV.  Blyden,  the  learned  African  linguist, 
in  pronouncing  an  eulogy  on  Jlr.  D.iy,  considered 
his  subject  thus:  1.  His  love  of  metaphysics;  2. 
His  liurning  zeal  for  the  gospel  ;  3.  A  household 
word  ;  4.  As  judge  and  statesman  ;  5.  The  good 
physician;  6.  As  a  soldier;  7.  His  moral  and  re- 
ligious character;  8.  As  educator  and  theologian; 
'J.  His  life  and  death  a  legacy. 

The  Yoruba  Mission  was  founded  in  1S50  by 
Rev.  T.  J.  Bowen.  In  1853  it  was  reinforced  by 
Rev.  Messrs.  J.  S.  Dennard  and  J.  H.  Lacy,  with 
their  wives;  in  1854  by  Rev.  W.  II.  Clarke;  and 
in  1850  by  Rev.  Messrs.  S.  Y.  Trimble,  R.  W.  Priest, 
J.  II.  Cason,  and  their  wives,  and  Mr.  J.  F.  Beau- 
mont. Stations  were  opened  in  Lagos,  Abbeokuta, 
Ijaye,  and  Ogbomishaw.  Residences  and  chapels 
were  built,  churches  and  schools  were  established, 
the  heathen  were  soon  preached  to  in  their  own 
language,  and  not  a  few  of  them  were  saved.  The 
labors  in  Africa  of  all  these  missionaries,  except 
Mr.  Bowen,  were  brief.  Rev.  Henry  Goodale,  who 
accompanied  Mr.  Bowen,  was  buried  at  Oolali,  be- 
fore Yoruba  was  reached.  Dennard  and  his  wife 
were  put  under  the  sod ;  Clarke,  Trimble,  and 
Beaumont  came  home  to  go  to  their  reward.  Priest 
and  Lacy  and  Cason  toil  on  in  their  native  land. 
In  1855,  Rev.  J.  M.  Harden,  a  colored  missionary, 
was  transferred  from  the  Liberian  to  the  Yoruban 
mission,  and  died  in  Lagos  in  1864.  His  wife  is  now 
in  the  employ  of  the  bnard.  Rev.  A.  D.  Philips  en- 
tered the  field  in  1855,  and  labored  with  signal 
success  until  1807,  when  he  was  driven  out  of  the 
country  by  war  and  persecution.  He  retired  from 
the  service  of  the  board  in  1872,  and  preaches  in 
Tennessee.  Rev.  T.  A.  Reid  labored  at  Awyaw 
and  elsewhere,  and  was  devoteil  to  the  work  from 
1857  to  1864.  Like  Mr.  Philips,  he  left  his  noble 
wife  a  sleeper  in  Afrio  .sands.  Rev.  R.  H.  Stone 
worked  from  1863  to  1869.  He  is  a  faithful  min- 
ister in  Virginia.  As  has  been  stated,  the  mission 
was  reorganized  by  Messrs.  David  and  Colley  in 
1875.  They  found  a  number  of  the  native  Chris- 
tians steadfast,  and  overjoyed  at  the  answer  of  their 


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prayers  tliroiii;li  lonj;  yoars  for  the  return  of  "  God's 
men."  A  oliapel  and  residence,  at  the  cost  of  some 
$4000,  have  been  erected  at  Lagos,  and  buildings 
put  up  at  Al)beokuta  and  Ogboniishaw.  Tiie  last 
station  is  occupied  by  a  native  missionary,  Rev. 
.Moses  L.  Stone.  Rev.  .S.  Cosby,  missionary  of  tlie 
Colored  Raptist  Convention  of  Virginia,  is  as.so- 
ciated  with  .Mr.  David  in  the  mission.  Mr.  Colley 
was  recalled  by  the  board  in  1S79.  On  Dec.  22, 
1879,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  lost  their  infant  daughter. 
In  the  mission  there  are  CO  scholars  and  80  church 
members.  Some  further  record  of  Mr.  Howen,  the 
found("r  of  the  mission,  is  fitting.  lie  was  born  in 
Georgia,  -Jan.  2,  1814;  was  a  gallant  soldier  in  the 
Creek-lndiau  and  Te.xas  wars;  studied  law,  but 
abandoned  it,  in  1841,  for  the  ministry  ;  traveled 
extensively  in  Central  Africa,  and  was  the  soul  and 
inspiration  of  the  Yoruban  Mission  from  1850  to 
1856.  He  mariied,  May  31,  1852,  Miss  L.  H. 
Davis,  of  Greensborough,  Ga.,  who  shared  his  toils 
and  successes  in  his  second  missionary  campaign 
in  Africa.  Mrs.  Bowen  resides  in  Greensborough, 
loved  and  honored  for  her  own  sake,  and  for  her 
good  and  great  husband.  He  entered  his  heavenly 
rest  Nov.  24,  1875.  He  w.as  the  author  of  an  ad- 
mirable work  on  "Central  Africa,"  and  a  quarto 
volume  on  the  Yoruban  language,  published  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institute. 

Chin.\  Missions. —  Canton  Mission. — Rev.  J.  L. 
Shuck  and  Rev.  T.  J.  Roberts,  missionaries  of  the 
Triennial  Convention,  transferred  themselves  to  the 
Southern  Convention  soon  after  its  organization. 
Tlie  former  had  constituted  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Canton,  and  traveling  in  this  country  in  1846 
with  a  native  convert,  Yong  Seen  Sang,  raised  for 
a  chapel  S5000.  This  chapel  fund,  with  the  consent 
of  the  donors,  was  transferred  with  the  missionary, 
in  1847,  to  Shanghai.  Mr.  Roberts  had  preached 
six  or  seven  years  to  lepers  at  Macao.  In  1847  his 
chapel  was  destroyed,  and  the  mission  property  of 
the  Missionary  Union  Avas  bought  by  the  Southern 
Convention.  Mr.  Roberts  raised  much  money  on 
the  field,  and  published  and  distributed  large 
numbers  of  tracts  and  portions  of  the  Scriptures. 
In  18.'jOthe  mission  had  been  reinforced  by  Messrs. 
S.  C.  Clopton,  George  Pearcy,  F.  C.  Johnson,  B. 
W.  Whilden,  and  Miss  II.  A.  Baker.  There  were 
three  preaching-places.  A  union  effected  between 
Mr.  Roberts's  (Uettung)  church  and  the  First 
church  was  not  hi;ppy.  In  1852  "  the  relation  be- 
tween Mr.  Roberts  and  the  board  was  dissolved." 
He  had  done  some  good  foundation-work.  He  re- 
mained an  independent  missionary  until  1866, 
when  he  returned  to  America.  He  died  of  lepro.sy, 
Dec.  28,  1871,  at  Upper  Alton,  111.  Airs.  Roberts 
lives  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Mr.  Clopton  was  born  in 
Virginia,  Jan.  7,  1816,  fell  asleep  July  7,  1847, 
lamented  as  a  choice  spirit.     Mr.  Pearcy  and  Miss 


Baker  were  transferred  to  the  Shanghai  Mission. 
Mr.  Johnson  went  as  "  Theological  Tutor  and  Mis- 
sionary," and  after  making  great  progress  in  the 
written  language,  returned,  in  1849,  with  broken 
health.  He  resides  in  Marietta,  Ga.  In  1848  the 
native  assistants,  Yong  and  Mui,  went  to  Canton. 
In  1850,  Mrs.  ■\Vhildcn  die.l.  and  .Mr.  Whilden 
brought  home  his  children.  The  health  of  bis  sec- 
ond wife  liiiliiig,  they  retired  from  the  tield  linally 
in  1855.  Mr.  Whilden,  much  beloved,  resides  in 
his  native  State,  South  Carolina.  In  1854,  1856, 
1860,  Rev.  Messrs.  C.  W.  Gaillard,  R.  II.  Graves, 
and  J.  G.  Schilling  joined,  respectively,  the  mis- 
sion. In  18')i'>.  Mr.  Gaillard  reported  ''69  Sunday- 
school  scholars,  32^1)0  tracts  and  Scriptures  dis- 
tributed ;"  and  in  1860,  "40  baptisms  and  58 
church  members."  July  27, 1862,  he  was  killed  by 
the  falling  of  his  house  in  a  typhoon.  Mr.  Schil- 
ling made  "  good  progress  in  the  language,"  but 
after  the  death  of  his  wife,  in  1864,  came  home 
with  his  ehildri'ii.  He  practises  law  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. Rev.  N.  B.  Williams,  whose  wife  is  the 
daughter  of  the  returned  missionary.  Rev.  B.  W. 
Whilden,  went  to  China  in  1872,  accompanied  by 
his  wife's  sister.  Miss  Lula  Whilden,  who,  sup- 
ported by  the  women  of  South  Carolina,  is  doing  a 
grand  work  among  the  women  of  Canton.  Mr. 
Williams  bad  a  school  of  forty  pupils,  and  was  treas- 
urer of  the  mission.  In  1876,  Mrs.  Williams's 
failing  health  compelled  their  return  to  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Williams  preaches  in  Alabama.  In 
1874,  Wong  Mui  died.  Yong  Seen  Sang,  supported 
by  the  Ladies'  Missionary  Society  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Richmond,  Va.,  since  1846,  still 
labors  for  the  Master.  Rev.  E.  Z.  Simmons  and 
wife  arrived  in  Canton  Feb.  6,  1871,  and  are  doing 
good  work  for  the  Lord.  Miss  Sallie  Stein,  sus- 
tained by  the  Young  Ladies'  Missionary  Society  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  joined  the 
mission  in  1879.  Rev.  R.  II.  Graves,  D.D.,  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  May  29,  1833  ;  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  R.  Fuller,  Oct.  15,  1848;  graduated  at  St. 
Mary's  College  in  1851  ;  arrived  at  Canton  14th 
August.  1856.  For  twenty-five  years  he  has  been 
consecrated  to  his  mission,  in  which  he  basac^hieved 
great  success,  and  has  won,  as  many  a  brother 
missionary  has  done,  a  name  for  purity  of  character 
and  ability  as  a  gospel  laborer  which  is  imperish- 
able. He  married  first  the  missionary  Gaillard's 
widow,  who  died  Dec.  12,  1864.  llis  present  wife, 
daughter  of  G.  W.  Norris,  Esq.,  of  Baltimore,  has 
l)een,  since  1872,  a  self-sacrificing  and  successful 
missionary  worker  for  Jesus.  In  the  last  eight 
years  Dr.  Graves  has  published,  in  Chinese,  two 
hymn-books,  a  work  on  the  Parables  of  our  Lord, 
a  book  on  homiletics,  a  work  on  Scripture  geogra- 
phy, and  will  soon  publish  a  "Life  of  Christ.''  In 
the  same  time  "a  dwelling  has  been  built  in  Can- 


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ton,  one  cliapel  finished,  and  money  raised  for 
anotiier  in  the  country,  six  country  stations  have 
been  opened,  and  two  native  brethren  ordained  to 
the  ministry.  The  Chinese  Native  Missionary 
Society  lias  also  a  station  and  two  assistant  preach- 
ers, supported  mainly  by  contributions  from  Chinese 
Chi'istians  in  Demerara  and  the  United  States." 
The  results  of  the  yireaching  and  Scripture  distri- 
bution and  holy  living  of  this  long  line  bf  mission- 
aries in  the  city  of  Canton,  and  among  the  dense 
masses  of  the  interior  of  Southern  China,  can  never 
be  estimated.  The  statistics  reported  in  1880  are 
as  follows :  2  churches,  230  members,  52  baptized, 
S255  annual  contributions,  9766  tracts  and  Bibles 
distributed.  4.514  medical  cases,  5  schools,  with  an 
average  attendance  of  121,  6  foreign  missionaries 
and  12  native  assistants,  S558.5.3.i,  cost  of  house 
recently  built,  §4591.87  house  fund  in  Canton 
treasury. 

The  Shanghai  Mission  was  started  in  1S47  by 
Rev.  Messrs.  M.  T.  Yates,  3.  L.  Shuck,  and  T.  W. 
Tobey.  Mr.  Yates  was  the  first  on  the  ground. 
Nov.  6,  1847,  a  Baptist  church  of  ten  members 
was  founded.  Two  natives — Yong  and  Mui — were 
licensed  to  preach.  In  April,  1848,  a  gloom  over- 
spread the  infant  church  by  the  drowning  of  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  J.  Sexton  -James,  who  were  daily  expected 
at  Shanghai.  Mr.  Pearcy,  from  Canton,  joined 
the  mission  in  November,  1848.  The  meetings 
were  attended  by  "500  or  600  natives."  In  1849 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tobey,  very  useful  missionaries,  were 
forced  home  by  the  ill  health  of  the  latter.  In  May, 
1850,  a  mission  building  was  erected  at  Oo-Kah- 
Jack.  Mr.  Shuck  wrote,  '•  Our  board  is  the  first 
Protestant  board  of  missions  in  the  world  which 
ever  held  property  and  gained  a  permanent  footing 
in  the  interior  of  China."  In  1851,  Mrs.  Shuck 
died.  Her  biography  was  written  by  Dr.  Jeter. 
Mr.  Shuck  returned  with  his  children  to  America. 
In  China  he  ha<l  been  very  ''faithful  and  effective." 
In  1854  he  went  to  California,  where  he  labored 
for  seven  years,  baptizing  sixteen  Chinese,  and 
organizing  a  Chinese  church.  lie  died  in  Barn- 
well, S.  C,  Aug.  20,  1861,  aged  fifty-one.  His 
widow  resides  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  with  his  son, 
Rev.  L.  H.  Shuck,  D.D.  In  1852.  Rev.  and  Mrs. 
Crawford  and  Dr.  G.  AV.  Burton  reinforced  the 
mission,  and  early  in  1853,  Rev.  and  Mrs.  A.  B. 
Cabaniss  arrived.  In  the  city  there  were  three 
schools  and  six  places  of  worship.  In  18.54,  Miss 
II.  A.  Baker,  who  came  from  Canton  in  1851  and 
opened  a  boarding  school,  was  recalled  by  the  advice 
of  her  physician.  She  lives  in  California,  and  is 
the  author  of  the  "Orphan  of  the  Old  Dominion." 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pearcy.  on  account  of  his  shattereii 
health,  returned  home  in  1855.  He  passed  away 
July  21,  1871,  "mildly  and  grandly  as  the  setting 
sun."     That  year,  1855,  there  were  "  eighteen  pub- 


lie  services  per  week,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  2500  souls ;  five  day  schools,  with  an  average 
attendance  of  100  pupils.  This  year  was  signal- 
ized by  the  first  haplism  of  a  Chinese  woman.  The 
board  reported,  "  The  gospel  has  won  glorious 
triumphs  in  China.  .  .  .  Multitudes  having  given 
evidence  of  saving  faith  in  the  Redeemer."  The 
next  year  the  board  commended  the  mission- 
aries as  performing  "  almost  superhuman  labors  in 
their  wide-opened  field."  In  1859,  Rev.  and  Mrs. 
J.  L.  Holmes  came  to  Shanghai,  and  the  next  year 
were  settled  in  the  Shantung  province.  In  ls59. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Ilartwell  and  wife  arrived,  and  in  1860 
joined  Mr.  Holmes  in  Shantung.  In  1860,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Cabaniss,  after  eminent  .service,  returned 
home.  The  same  year  Rev.  and  Mrs.  A.  L.  Bond, 
assigned  to  this  mission,  were  lost  at  sea,  with  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  J.  Q.  A.  Rohrer,  assigned  to  Japan,  in  the 
ill-f\ited  "  Edwin  Forrest."  In  1863,  Rev.  and  Mrs. 
T.  P.  Crawford,  having  done  a  good  work  in  Shang- 
hai, went  to  Tung-Chow.  In  1861,  Dr.  Burton,  a 
great  benefactor  of  the  mission,  returned  to  Amer- 
ica, and  is  practising  his  profession  in  Louisville, 
Ky.  In  1865,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Yates  were  alone  in 
Shanghai,  and  have  remained  so  until  now.  To 
sum  up  the  labors  and  holy  influences  of  these 
missionaries,  and  of  this  great  man  and  his  noble 
wife,  would  be  impossible.     Dr.  Yates  wrote, — 

"Sept.  12,  1877. — This  is  the  thirtieth  anniver- 
sary of  our  arrival  at  Shanghai.  At  first  our  way 
was  in  the  dark ;  but  every  successive  decade  has 
shown  marked  progress  in  our  work.  To-day  the 
missionary  influence  in  China  is  a  mighty  power. 
The  leaven  of  divine  truth  has  been  deposited  in 
this  mass  of  error  and  corruption,  and  its  irresist- 
ible force  is  beginning  to  be  seen  and  felt  far  and 
wide.  The  Bible  has  been  translated  into  the  liter- 
ary or  dead  language  of  the  whole  country,  and 
also  rendered  into  the  spoken  language  or  dialects 
iif  many  localities, — a  style  in  which  the  Chinese 
have  not  been  in  the  habit  of  making  books.  Places 
of  worship  have  been  secureil,  where  multitudes 
come  to  the  sound  of  the  church-going  bell  to  hear 
the  word  of  God.  Churches  of  living  witnesses 
have  been  established.  Tens  of  thousands  have 
been  convinced  of  the  truth  of  the  gospel,  who 
have  not  had  the  moral  courage  to  make  a  public 
confession  of  their  faith  in  Christ.  Thirty  years 
ago,  when  the  prospect  was  so  dark,  and  the  dark- 
ness seemed  so  impenetrable,  I  would  have  com- 
promised for  what  I  now  behold  as  my  life-work. 
Now  my  demand  would  be  nothing  less  than  a  com- 
plete surrender.  I  am  in  dead  earnest  about  this 
matter,  for  I  fully  realize  that  God  is  in  Christ 
reconciling  the  world  unto  himself,  and  has  com- 
mitted unto  us  the  word  of  reconciliation,  and  that 
he  has  commanded  us  to  make  it  known  to  all  na- 
tions.    I  not  only  do  not  regret  devoting  my  life 


SOUTHKRX 


1082 


SO  unit: UN 


to  the  mission  work,  but  I  rejoice  that  he  counted 
nie  worthy  to  be  liis  einlmssiidor  to  tlie  greatest 
empire  on  the  globe.  Now  my  one  desire  is  that 
he  would  give  me  wisdom  to  do  liis  will  and  be  a 
Caithful  steward.  The  Lord  be  praised  for  all  his 
goodness  and  mercy  to  us  in  our  hours  of  darkest 
;iffliction." 

Statistics,  1880:  2churches,  100  members,  $273.17 
contributions,  2  important  out-stations. 

A  sketch  of  Dr.  M.  T.  Yates,  whose  reputation 
is  as  broad  as  the  earth,  is  found  on  another  page 
of  this  volume. 
%  The  S/iaiiluiii/  Mission  has  had  two  main  stations, 

viz.,  at  Chefon  and  at  Tung-Chow.  In  1800,  Kev. 
and  Mrs.  J.  L.  Holmes  settled  in  the  former,  and 
Kev.  and  Mrs.  J.  B.  llartwell  in  the  latter.  The 
next  year  Mr.  Holmes  was  brutally  murdered  by 
the  rebels.  lie  was  born  in  Preston  County,  now 
in  West  V'irgitiia;  was  graduated  from  Columbian 
(^ollege  in  18.58.  In  '"Our  Life  in  Chin.V  Mrs. 
Xevins  describes  hira  as  "  handsome,  talented,  ar- 
dent, with  very  winning  manners,  and  peculiarly 
litted  for  usefulness  among  the  Chinese."  Mrs. 
Holmes  removed  to  Tung-Chow,  where  she  is  still 
iloing  heroic  work.  She  has  issued  several  editions 
of  "  I'eep  of  Day.'  In  1871,  Mr.  Ilaitwell  re- 
opened the  station  in  Chefoo.  In  1872  he  located 
in  Chefoo,  which,  he  said,  had  "sextupled  it.self" 
since  1860,  and  asked  the  board  "  to  appropriate 
S400n  for  a  residence  and  $4000  for  a  chapel."  He 
rented  a  commodious  dwelling,  where  he  had  "  at 
evening  family  pr.ayer  a  company  of  twenty  Chi- 
nese," and  used  the  chapel  of  the  English  Bap- 
tist mission,  kindly  oS'ered  by  Dr.  Brown  of  that 
mission.  In  1875  he  wrote,  "  I  think  the  people 
are  receiving  the  ideas  of  the  gospel."  That  year 
he  was  forced  home  by  the  ill  health  of  his  wife, 
who  died  Dec.  3,  1879,  in  California,  where  Dr. 
llartwell  has  a  mission  under  the  home  biiard  of 
the  Convention.  Dr.  llartwell  was  l)0rn  in  Dar- 
lington, S.  C,  in  1835;  graduated  with  distinction 
from  Furman  University  in  18.J6.  In  1858  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  II.  Jewett,  of  Macon,  Ga.,  who 
died  in  China  in  1870,  greatly  lamented.  His 
second  wife,  Miss  Julia  Jewett,  was  her  sister. 
With  sixteen  years'  experience  in  China,  Dr.  llart- 
well is  eminently  adapted  to  the  work  in  California, 
where  he  has  organized  a  Chinese  church.  The 
Doctorate  was  conferred  on  him  by  Furman  Uni- 
versity. 

Tung-Choio  Slalion. — Mr.  llartwell,  as  has  been 
stated,  located  there  in  ISGO,  and  constituted  a 
church  of  eight  members,  Oct.  5,  1862.  It  was 
Known  as  the  North  Street  church.  In  186-t  there 
were  eighteen  members.  Mr.  Crawford,  coming  to 
Tung-Chow,  took  charge  of  the  church,  while  Mr. 
llartwell  supplied  a  temporary  absence  of  Mr. 
Yates  from  Shanghai,  and  baptized  eight  converts. 


There  were  two  schools  there,  and  some  "  6000 
books  had  been  printed  and  distributed."  In  1866, 
Mr.  Crawford  constituted  a  second  cluirch,  of  eight 
persons,  known  as  the  Monument  Street  church. 
In  1868  "a  deep  i-eligious  revival"  arose  in  neigh- 
boring villages,  through  the  instrumentality  of  a 
native  baiitized  by  Mr.  llartwell,  and  twenty  were 
baptized.  In  1809,  Mr.  llartwell  reported  his 
church  contributions  to  be  $127.  In  1871  the  mem- 
bership was  fifty-six.  In  1870,  Woo  was  ordained 
a  native  pastor.  In  1872,  Mr.  llartwell  wrote, 
"Woo  has  managed  the  church  with  great  discre- 
tion and  propriety.  .  .  •  He  tells  thorn  that  in- 
stead of  their  being  dependent  on  the  missionaries, 
the  missionaries  should  be  dependent  on  them." 
In  1873  the  statistics  were  :  membership,  63;  con- 
nected with  the  church  from  the  first,  81  ;  income 
of  church,  !?224.  The  church  bears  its  own  ex- 
])enses,  except  chapel  rent.  In  1875  the  hoard  re- 
ported, '■  Rev.  AVoo  is  ])astor,  but  Brother  Hart- 
well,  though  living  in  Chefoo,  kept  an  advisory 
relation  to  it,  and  aided  it  by  his  constant  counsel 
and  occasional  presence."  After  sundry  vicissi- 
tudes this  church  is  virtually  merged  in  the  Monu- 
ment Street  church. 

In  1871,  Mr.  Crawford,  greatly  encouraged, 
wrote,  "  Christianity  gains  ground  day  by  day. 
The  government  and  people  all  feel  that  their 
ancient  strongholds  are  giving  way."  In  1873  he 
built  a  chapel  for  $.3000.  In  1872,  Miss  Edmonia 
.Moon  joined  the  mission,  but,  after  remarkable 
progress  in  the  language,  she  had  to  yield  in  1876 
to  broken  health  and  (|uit  the  field.  In  1N73  her 
sister,  Miss  Lottie  Moon,  a  woman  of  distinguished 
ability,  joined  the  mission,  and,  with  Mrs.  Crawford 
and  Mrs.  Holmes,  is  teaching  in  the  city,  and  tell- 
ing of  Jesus  far  in  the  country.  In  four  years  the 
ladies  made  1027  visits  to  country  villages.  In 
1879  the  schools  numbered  56,  the  church  115.  In 
18.S0  "more  than  a  thousand  visits  were  made  for 
preaching  the  gospel  and  distributing  books  in 
villages  around  Tung-Chow."  Dr.  Crawford  adds, 
"  May  God  bless  the  seed  thus  sown  under  many 
difficulties !" 

T.  P.  Crawford  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  Ky., 
May  8,  1821  ;  graduated  from  Union  University, 
Tcnn.,  in  1851,  "at  the  head  of  his  class,  and  with 
the  first  honors  of  the  institution."  He  was  or- 
dained in  1851,  and  married  Miss  Martha  Foster, 
of  Alabama,  daughter  of  the  late  Deacon  J.  L.  S. 
Foster.  The  same  year  he  was  appointed  a  mis- 
sionary;  labored  in  Shanghai  until  1802,  when 
he  went  to  Tung-Chow,  where  he  has  toiled  in- 
defatigably  ever  since.  Mrs.  Crawford  has  pub- 
lished several  books.  The  last  work  of  Dr.  Craw- 
ford's is  "  The  Patriarchal  Dynasties."  In  1879 
the  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  Kich- 


SOUTHERN 


1083 


SOUTHERN 


RECEIPTS   AND    EXI'ENDITURES. 

From  1^*40  to  1881  the  Convention  lias  received 
and  expended  for  foreign  missions  $1,029,920.90. 

HOME    MISSION    BOARD. 

The  home  mission  work  of  the  Htiptists  of  the 
Smith  in  the  United  States  is  mostly  performed  by 
State  Mission  Boards.  Still,  a  large  measure  of 
general  evangelical  labor  has  been  accomplished, 
and  is  still  being  performed,  by  the  Home  Mission 
Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  This 
evangelical  labor  may  lie  divided  into  the  following 
departments:  I.  Home  mission  work;  2.  Indian 
missions;  3.  Chinese  Mission,  in  California;  4. 
Work  of  the  Bible  Board  ;  .5.  Work  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Board.  (See  articles  on  those  topics.)  The 
Southern  States,  properly  speaking,  are  JIaryland, 
A'irginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Florida, 
Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Tc^as, 
Arkansas,  Missouri,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky. 
The  Southern  Baptist  Convention  and  its  two  mis- 
sion boards — domestic  and  foreign — were  formed 
at  Augusta  on  May  8,  1845.  The  first  officers  of 
the  Doiriestic  Board,  as  it  was  then  called,  were 
Itov.  Basil  Manly,  Sr.,  President;  Rev.  J.  L. 
lleynolds,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  Rev.  M.  P. 
Jewett,  Recording  Secretary  ;  Thos.  Chilton,  Treas- 
urer; and  Wm.  N.  Wyatt,  Auditor.  The  board 
was  located  at  Marion,  Ala.  Owing  to  the  dis- 
tance of  his  residence.  Dr.  Manly  resigned,  and 
Dr.  llartwell  was  elected  president.  Prof  Rey- 
nolds also  declined,  and,  in  November,  Rev.  Rus- 
sell Ilolman  became  corresponding  secretary,  and 
Mr.  Wm.  Hornbuckle  was  elected  treasurer,  as  Mr. 
Chilton  removed  from  Marion.  For  many  years 
Mr.  Ilolman  and  Mr.  Hornbuckle  filled  their  re- 
spective positions  with  honor  to  themselves  and  to 
the  satisfaction  of  their  brethren,  nobly  sustained 
by  a  board  of  managers  which  contained  such  men 
as  J.  II.  Dc  Votie,  E.  D.  King,  and  AVm.  N.  Wyatt. 
In  1851,  Mr.  Ilolman  resigned,  in  consequence  of 
feeble  health,  and  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Curtis  was 
elected  secretary ;  but  he  retired,  after  two  years'  j 
efficient  service,  and  was  succeeded,  in  1853,  by  Rev. 
Joseph  W^alker.  In  1855  the  American  Indian 
Mission  Association  of  Kentucky  transferred  its 
work  to  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  together 
with  a  heavy  ilebt,  which  was  promptly  paid. 
ThencefcM-th  the  Domestic  Board  was  designated 
as  the  Domestic  and  Indian  Mission  Board  until 
1874,  when  its  name  was  changed  to  Hcune  Board. 
This  union  and  transfer  gave  a  mighty  impulse  to 
the  work  of  the  board,  and  a  great  enlargement  to 
its  field.  The  sympathies  of  the  denomination 
were  strongly  enlisted,  and  its  liberality  largely 
increased.  At  the  close  of  INoCi,  Rev.  .Joseph 
Walker  resigned  the  secretaryship,  a  position  he 
had  filled  with  eminent  ability,  and  Rev.  R.  Ilol- 


man was  again  called  to  the  position,  but,  after 
prosecuting  his  labors  with  much  consecration,  he 
was  compelled  by  ill  health  to  retire  in  1862.  Rev. 
M.  T.  Sumner,  who  had  entered  the  service  of  the 
board  as  financial  secretary  in  1S5S,  succeeded  Mr. 
Ilolman,  and  conducted  the  afl'airs  of  the  Home 
Board  with  wonderful  ability  and  success  until 
1.S75,  when  he  resigned.  Wm.  N.  Hornbuckle. 
Treasurer,  and  Wm.  N.  Wyatt,  Auditor,  both  effi- 
cient, faithful,  and  beloved,  were  respectively  suc- 
ceeded by  J.  B.  Lovelace  and  S.  H.  Fowlkes,  who 
have  given  their  valuable  services  to  the  present 
time.  Dr.  Basil  Manly,  Jr.,  was  elected  to  suc- 
ceed Dr.  Sumner,  but  declined,  and  Dr.  Wm.  II. 
Mcintosh,  the  present  most  able  and  efficient  sec- 
retary, was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  entered 
upon  his  duties  Oct.  1,  1875.  He  reported  the 
board  almost  entirely  free  from  debt  in  1877,  and 
since  that  time  it  has  enlarged  its  work  to  the  full 
extent  of  the  means  furnished. 

The  Home  Mission  Board  has  sustained  mission- 
aries in  every  Southern  State,  has  planted  churches, 
and  fostered  interests  that  needed  support.  AV'eak 
churches,  in  most  of  the  large  cities  of  the  South, 
have  been  assisted  by  it.  until  able  to  sustain  them- 
selves. Notably  among  these  cities  are  Baltimore, 
Washington  City,  Richmond,  Petersburg,  Freder- 
icksburg, Raleigh,  Augusta,  Atlanta,  New  Orleans, 
Galveston,  Houston,  Texas,  Mobile.  St.  Louis,  Mem- 
phis, Knoxville.  and  many  others.  Young  and  grow- 
ing cities  on  the  frontiers  have  contained  its  mission- 
aries. Especial  attention  has  been  paid  to  Texas, 
into  which  a  rapid  tide  of  population  from  other 
States  has  flowed  constantly.  Among  tlie  many 
missionaries  employed  in  that  State  may  be  men- 
tioned Rev.  Wm.  M.  Tryon.  Rev.  James  Huekins. 
Uev.  R.  C.  Burleson,  Rev.  J.  W.  D.  Creath.  Rev.  Z. 
N.  Morrell,  Rev.  Jesse  Witt,  and  Wm.  M.  Pickett; 
and  the  work  accomplished  by  these  and  others  in 
Texas  is  now  seen  in  a  membership,  in  that  State, 
larger  than  that  claimed  by  any  other  denomina- 
tion, in  a  numerous,  devoted,  and  most  efficient 
ministry,  and  in  male  and  female  Baptist  lolleges 
of  a  high  order.  The  board,  in  connection  with 
Associations  and  State  Conventions,  has  always 
labored  most  earnestly  and  energetically  in  be- 
stowing religious  instruction  upon  the  colored 
people.  It  has  ever  found  the  Christian  masters 
and  mistresses  keenly  alive  to  the  moral  responsi- 
bilities growing  out  of  their  relations  to  their  ser- 
vants, and  ever  ready  to  aid  in  giving  them  gospel 
privileges.  Generally,  all  the  missionaries  of  the 
Home  Board  had  colored  interests  in  connection 
with  their  charges,  and,  in  many  instances,  ricli 
blessings  crowned  their  labors  in  the  conversion 
of  colored  people.  The  wonderful  success  of  tliis 
evangelical  labor  among  the  colored  people  of  the 
South   is  clearly  demonstratetl    by   tlie   existence. 


SOUTHERN 


1084 


SOUTHERN 


after  the  war,  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  colored 
Baptists  in  those  States  where  emancipation  oc- 
curred, not  to  mention  the  numerous  colored 
church  members  of  other  denominations.  In  the 
State  of  Georgia  alone  there  are  over  30  colored 
Associations,  about  000  cliurches,  and  110,000 
church  members.  During  the  war  the  work  of 
the  board  was  necessarily  suspended  in  many 
parts  of  the  country,  but  effective  service  was 
done  by  its  missionaries  among  the  soldiers  of  the 
Confederate  armies,  many  professing  conversion 
through  their  instruiuentality.  During  the  war 
one  hundred  and  fifty-one  commissions  were  issued 
by  the  buard  to  chaplains  and  missionaries  to  the 
armies  and  hospitals. 

The  conclusion  of  the  war  left  the  board  pros- 
trate. Gradually  it  has  resumed  and  enlarged  its 
liome  mission  work,  as  vigorously  as  its  means 
allowed,  adding  to  its  other  efforts  the  .holding  of 
ministers'  institutes  for  the  benefit  of  colored  Bap- 
tist ministers.  Its  report  for  18SU  shows  twenty 
missionaries  and  three  missionary  agents  in  the 
field,  as  follows :  six  in  Florida,  four  in  Arkansas, 
two  in  Georgia,  two  in  Texas,  one  in  California, 
three  in  Alabama,  one  in  Tennessee,  one  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  a  missionary  agent  and  evangelist  in 
each  of  the  States  of  North  Carolina,  Kentucky, 
and  Alabama.  It  also  kept  employed  one  white 
and  four  native  missionaries  in  the  Creek  nation, 
two  natives  in  the  Choctaw  nation,  one.  Rev.  A. 
Frank  Ross,  an  intelligent  educated  man,  one  white 
missionary  in  the  Chickasaw  nation,  and  a  Sem- 
inole Indian  missionary  among  the  wild  tribes. 

CoNTRiuLTiONS. — The  contributions  to  the  Home 
Board  from  1845  to  1859,  inclusive,  §266,358.13. 
During  the  last  twenty  years  its  receipts  have  been 
§739,483.64,  so  that  the  total  receipts  from  1845  to 
1880,  inclusive,  were  §1,005,841.77. 

Gexerai.  Summary. — Since  its  organization  the 
Home  Board  has  issued  1893  commissions.  To  the 
year  1881  the  total  number  of  the  weeks  of  labor 
performed  by  its  missionaries  makes  a  period  of  506 
years.  The  number  of  baptisms  performed  \>y  its 
missionaries  is  36,874,  an  average  of  1053  annually. 
Five  thousand  and  fifty  churches  and  stations  were 
supplied  with  preaching,  and  many  churches  were 
constituted  and  Sunday-schools  organized. 

Indian  Missions. — From  the  beginning  of  the 
century  Southern  Baptists  have  manifested  much 
interest  in  the  reformation  and  evangelization  of 
the  Indians.  Organized  efforts  were  made  first  in 
Kentucky  and  then  in  Georgia  for  their  education 
and  Christianization,  and  were  carried  on,  partly, 
through  the  Mission  Board  of  the  General  Conven- 
tion, at  Philadelphia,  until  1842,  when  a  Western 
Baptist  Convention  met  at  Cincinnati,  and  the  re- 
sult was  the  formation,  in  1843,  of  the  American 
Indian  Mission  Association.     This  association  es- 


tablished missions  in  the  Choctaw  and  Creek  na- 
tions, sending  as  missionaries  to  them  Kev.  Sidney 
Dyer,  Rev.  Joseph  Smedley,  Rev.  Ramsey  Potts, 
Rev.  A.  L.  Hay.  and  Rev.  II.  F.  Buckner,  who  was 
sent  in  1848,  and  who  is  still  laboring  successfully 
in  the  Creek  nation.  These  missionaries,  aided  by 
faithful  native  preachers,  baptized  many  converts 
and  established  various  churches.  In  1854  the 
American  Indian  Mission  Association,  through  its 
Mission  Board  at  Louisville,  transferred  all  its  In- 
dian mission  work  to  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
which  accepted  the  charge  in  1855,  at  Montgomery, 
Ala.  Since  that  time  this  board  has  been  most 
earnestly  and  zealously  engaged  in  the  Indian  mis- 
sion work,  and  wonderful  success  has  crowned  its 
efforts.  From  time  to  time  the  board  has  sent  out 
various  missionaries  to  labor  in  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory, among  whom  were  Rev.  II.  G.  Moffatt,  sent 
in  1853  ;  Rev.  R.  J.  Ilogue,  sent  in  18.58  ;  Rev.  A. 

E.  Vandivere,  in  1858  ;  Rev.  J.  A.  Slover,  in  1859  ; 
Rev.  Willis  Burns,  in  1859;  Rev.  J.  A.  Preston, 
in  186U ;  Rev.  J.  S.  Murrow,  of  Georgia,  a  most 
efficient  and  faithful  missionary,  was  sent  out  in 
1857,  and,  supported  by  the  Rehobotli  Association, 
has  continued  to  labor  most  efiiciently  until  the 
present  time.     From  first  to  last,  however.  Dr.  H. 

F.  Buckner  has  remained  in  connection  witli  the 
Convention,  and  his  l.iborious  faithfulness  consti- 
tutes him  the  "  Judson"  of  the  West. 

Among  the  missionaries  were  many  half-breed 
and  full-blood  natives,  whose  long  and  faithful  la- 
bors in  the  employ  of  the  board  have  aided  im- 
mensely in  making  the  Cherokees,  Creeks,  Choc- 
taws,  Chickasaws.  and  Seminoles  what  they  are 
to-day,  a  civilized,  Christian  people ;  and  their 
names  should  be  put  on  record. — Peter  Folsom, 
Simon  Hancock,  Lewis  Cass,  William  Cass,  John 
•Jumper. 

A  few  figures  will  give  an  idea  of  the  number 
of  missionaries  employed,  the  amount  disbursed 
for  their  support,  and  the  nature  and  result  of  their 
labors  as  employes  of  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
Mission  Board.  In  1856  and  1857,  26  white  and 
native  missionaries  were  employed,  at  a  cost  of 
§10,780.26,  among  the  Creeks,  Cherokees,  and 
Choctaws.  Several  schools,  also,  were  maintained 
in  successful  operation.  In  1858-59,  35  missionaries 
were  sustained,— 19  among  the  Creeks,  10  among 
the  Choctaws,  and  6  among  the  Cherokees, — and 
§18,019.77  were  expended.  The  amount  collected 
for  Indian  missions  in  five  years  was  §61,641.74. 
The  work  performed  was  the  supply  of  preaching 
to  135  churches  and  out-stations,  355  converts  bap- 
tized, 5  churches  constituted,  5  meeting-houses  built, 
4  Sabbath-schools  organized,  with  13  teachers  and 
117  pupils,  and  2  ministers  and  lOdeaeons  ordained. 
In  1860  and  1861,  31  missionaries  and  8  interpreters 


SOUTHERiV 


1085 


SOUTHER \ 


■were  employed,  at  a  cost  of  l?23,S35.  Durinj;  the 
two  years  171  churches  and  stations  were  supplied 
.with  preaching,  20  churches  were  constituted,  23 
ministers  and  8  deacons  were  ordained.  3  temper- 
ance societies  were  formed,  and  4<X)  persons  were 
baptized,  while  both  Sunday-schools  and  secular 
schools  flourished. 

The  war  then  came  on.  and  finally  caused  a  total 
suspension  of  Indian  missions.  Previous  to  1S70 
about  half  a  dozen  missionaries  only  were  kept  em- 
ployed. In  1875  there  were  sixteen, — two  in  North 
Carolina  amonj;  the  Cherokees  in  that  State.  In 
1876  eleven  were  sustained  in  the  Indian  Territory  ; 
but  of  late  years  the  board  h.as  been  gradually  in- 
creasing its  operations  and  enlarging  its  field  among 
the  Indians. 

Bestdls. — As  late  as  1845  the  Creeks  had  laws 
in  force  to  punish  "praying  people."  and  in  that 
year  four  Cliristiaiis  were  whipped.  Now.  the  Bap- 
tists alone  have  among  the  Creeks  2  Associations, 
32  churches,  with  17  Sunday-schools,  about  .30 
native  pre.ichers,  and  a  membership  of  1500. 
Among  the  Seminoles  there  are  700  members  and 
several  native  preachers  ;  and  yet.  except  for  a  k\y 
years  only.  II.  F.  Buekner  has  been  the  only  white 
missionary  of  the  board  to  tliese  two  tribes,  contain- 
ing a  population  of  I4..i00  Creeks  and  2.500  Semi- 
noles. Among  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  there 
are  2500  church  members.  The  Choctaw  and 
Chickasaw  Baptist  Association,  connected  with 
Southern  Baptist  Missions,  had  29  churches,  with 
1300  members,  and  10  Sunday-schools,  with  026 
scholars  and  45  teachers,  in  1880.  Among  the 
Cherokees  there  is  a  Baptist  Association  compris- 
ing a  membership  of  more  than  1000.  In  connec- 
tion with  its  Creek  mission  the  board  has  a  manual 
labor  school,  capable  of  educating  at  one  time  50 
girls  and  50  boys ;  and  it  has,  also,  a  church  with 
69  members  among  the  wild  tribes,  the  pastor  of 
which,  John  Jumper,  is  a  fulMilooded  Seminole. 

Missio.v  TO  THE  Chinese  ix  California. — In  No- 
vember. 1879.  the  Home  Mission  Board  sent  Rev. 
J.  B.  Hartwell,  D.D..  as  a  missionary  to  the  Chinese 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Immediately  after  his  ar- 
rival Dr.  Hartwell  entered  heartily  into  his  woi'k, 
and  soon  baptized  a  convert.  He  employed  a  hall 
ibr  preaching,  and  he  opened  a  niglit  school  for 
the  Chinese.  His  labors  gradually  extended  suc- 
cessfully, and  he  at  length  united  the  Chinese  Bap- 
tist converts  into  a  church,  having  baptized  one 
woman,  who  is.  perhaps,  the  first  Chinese  female 
convert  ever  baptized  in  the  L'nited  States. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Hartwell  has  fine  talent,s.  He  spent 
twenty  years  in  Northern  China;  but  being  com- 
pelled by  the  ill  health  of  his  family  to  return  to 
America,  he  was  thus  providentially  at  hand,  well 
prepared  for  this  important  mission  in  California. 
It  is  thought  that  it  will  assist  greatly  in  the  evan- 


gelization of  China  by  the  return  to  that  country 
of  converts  from  California. 

The  Bible  Board. — In  1846  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention  constituted  its  two  boards  its  agents 
for  Bible  operations,  and  in  the  next  four  vcars 
$IO,(X)0  were  contributed  and  disbursed  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  divine  Word.  During  the  same 
time  the  Southern  Baptists  gave  more  than  twice 
as  much — that  is,  .§20,308.89 — to  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.  In  view  of  this  and  simi- 
lar circumstances,  the  Convention  organized  a  Bible 
board,  in  1851,  for  the  purpose  of  more  effectually 
circulating  the  holy  Scriptures  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  four  great  objects  designed  by  the  origination 
of  the  board  were, — '•  1 .  To  aid  our  Foreign  Mission 
Board  in  the  translation  and  distribution  of  the 
Scriptures  in  foreign  lands;  2.  To  co-operate  with 
the  Domestic  Mission  Board  in  the  home  distribu- 
tion of  the  Scriptures;  3.  To  concentrate  and  de- 
velop the  liberality  of  the  Southern  Baptists ;  4. 
To  supervise  and  provide  for  the  vast  moral  des- 
titution at  home  and  abroad." 

The  board  was  located  at  Nashville.  Tenn.  Its 
first  president  was  Dr.  Samuel  Baker.  The  other 
officers  were  W.  C.  Buck.  Corresponding  Secretary: 
W.  P.  Jones,  Recording  Secretary  ;  and  C.  A.  Ful- 
ler, Treasurer.  The  first  biennial  report,  in  1853, 
showed  over  $8000  collected  and  J6920  expended. 

The  report  of  1855  exhibited  $10,126.90  received 
and  88862.40  disbursed,  of  which  1*3254  were  ex- 
pended in  sending  copies  of  the  Bible  to  foreign 
countries. 

In  the  mean  time.  Dr.  .S.  Baker  had  resigned, 
and  W.  H.  Bayliss  was  elected  President,  and  A.  C. 
Dayton  had  become  Corresponding  Secretary,  and 
•J.  J.  Toon,  Recording  Secretary. 

The  third  biennial  report,  in  1857.  showed  an 
income  of  S33. 135.27.  collected  and  disbursed 
partly  through  State  societies,  with  the  exception 
of  §2115.38  in  the  treasury.  The  report  exhibited 
the  existence  of  various  strong  and  active  State 
Bible  societies  in  different  States. 

In  1859,  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Howell  w,is  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  board,  and  in  the  next  two  years  about 
S8000  only  were  collected,  due  partly  to  the  want 
of  a  corresponding  secretary  a  large  portion  of  the 
time,  and  partly  to  political  agitation.  The  re- 
port, rendered  at  Savannah  in  the  spring  of  1861, 
manifested  that  over  S8000  h.ad  been  collected. 
Rev.  L.  W.  Allen  being  the  corresponding  secie- 
t.iry,  and  the  successor  of  Rev.  Matt.  Ilillsman  ; 
and  although  Rev.  C.  D.  Mallary  brought  in  a 
special  report  advocating  a  continuance  of  the 
board,  and  although  the  secretary  made  a  strong 
report  in  favor  of  the  operations  of  the  Bible  Board, 
it  was  apparent  that  its  days  were  numbered. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  arrange  some 
plan,   if   possible,   by   which   a   union   might   be 


SOUTHEllX 


1086 


SOUTH ERS 


effected  between  the  Bible  Board  and  the  Southern 
Baptist  Pulilication  Society,  at  Charleston.  Many 
consultations  toolc  (ilace;  but  belbro  anj' arrange- 
ments could  be  olTectcd  the  storm  of  war  fell  upon 
the  South,  the  corresponding  secretary  became  an 
officer  in  the  Confederate  army,  Nashville  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  Federal  army  in  February,  1862, 
the  president  of  the  board  was  imprisoned,  and.  of 
course,  the  active  operations  of  the  board  ceased. 
It  had,  however,  by  means  of  stereotype  plates. 
which  had  "  run  the  blockaile,''  printed  20.()()U 
small  neat  Testaments,  14,000  of  which  had  been 
distributed  in  the  Confederate  armies,  chiefly  in 
Virj;inia,  Kentucky,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia. 
Some  colporta!i;e  work  was  done  in  ISGI,  but  war 
disturbances  soon  caused  a  suspension  of  it.  It, 
however,  continued  to  hold  its  regular  meetings 
until  April,  liSG3.  The  board  met  on  the  loth  of 
April,  1803,  and  made  a  report,  which  was  sent  to 
Dr.  Fuller,  at  Baltimore,  to  be  forwarded  through 
the  lines,  hut  it  di<l  not  reach  the  Convention  until 
its  session  at  Uussellvilie,  Ky.,  in  1866.  In  the 
mean  time,  at  the  session  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention  in  1S63,  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  a  committee, 
composed  of  James  P.  Boyce,  B.  Manly,  Sr.,  and 
A.  M.  Poindcxter,  recommended  the  abolition  of 
the  board.  Their  report  was  adopted,  ami  the 
churches  were  recommended  to  send  their  contri- 
butions for  Bible  distribution  to  the  two  boards  of 
the  Convention, — Foreign  and  Domestic, — accord- 
ing to  the  field  they  wished  to  supply. 

Of  this  action  the  board  remained  in  ignorance 
until  tlie  lOtli  of  April,  1806,  when  a  meeting  was 
called  by  the  president,  and  its  dissolution  was  an- 
nounced. Its  final  report  was  made  in  May,  1866, 
when  it  reported  l?214S.74  in  the  treasurer's  hands 
to  the  credit  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 

SuNDAV-ScHOOL  Board. — In  1863,  at  the  session 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  held  at  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  Ur.  B.  Manly,  Sr.,  chairman,  rendered 
a  special  report  strongly  advocating  the  creation 
of  a  board  of  Sunday-schools  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention.  A  committee  was  appointed,  by 
whose  advice  the  following  officers  were  elected, 
besides  the  board  and  vice-presidents  :  Basil  Manly, 
Jr.,  President;  C.  J.  Elford,  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary ;  Rev.  Joiin  A.  Broadus,  Recording  Secretary  ; 
J.  C.  Smith.  Treasurer ;  and  T.  Q.  Donaldson, 
Auditor.  The  board  was  located  at  Greenville, 
S.  C.  Soon  Rev.  John  A.  Broadus  was  made  cor- 
responding secretary,  with  a  small  salary.  The 
board  within  three  years  published  several  excellent 
little  question-books  and  catechisms,  works  by  Drs. 
Boyce,  B.  Manly,  Jr.,  and  Rev.  L.  II.  Shuck,  which 
still  retain  a  position  as  favorites  in  the  South.  In 
January,  1866,  the  board  began  the  publication  of 
a  small  monthly  Sunday-school  paper  called  Kind 
Wurds  far    the    Sundai/- School    Childien.    at   the 


price  of  ten  cents  a  copy.  Its  first  editor  was 
Basil  Manly,  Jr.  In  the  year  1870  this  paper  was 
united  to  The  Child's  Delight,  purchased  from  S. 
Boykin,  of  Macon,  Ga.,  and  the  two  papers  united 
bore  tlie  name  of  Kind  Words,  which  now  main- 
tains a  vigorous  and  useful  existence  as  a  Sunday- 
school  paper,  and  which  still  rcnmins  the  property 
of  the' Convention,  with  a  wide  circulation.  Its 
editor  since  1872  has  been  Rev.  S.  Boykin.  During 
the  first  three  years  of  its  existence  the  Sunday- 
School  Board  collected  S47, 684.10.  n)ost  of  which 
was  expended  in  publishing  Kind  Words.  This 
was  in  Confederate  money,  however,  of  which 
§4583.45  remained  on  h.and  in  Confederate  treas- 
ury notes  at  the  end  of  the  war.  In  the  fourth 
year  of  its  existence  the  board  collected  ?7308,  in- 
cluding subscriptions  received  for  Kind  Words, 
which  had  I'caclied  a  circulation  of  25,000.  It 
continued  to  publish  various  useful  catechisms, 
question-books,  and  a  Siiiidayscbool  hymn-book. 
It  employed  several  evangelists,  who  organized 
many  Sunday-schools,  and  performed  evangelistic 
labors  in  Missouri,  North  Carolina,  Tennessee, 
and  Kentucky.  It  is  pleasing  to  record  that  in 
the  year  1866  the  American  Bible  Society  made 
the  board  a  grant  of  25,000  Testaments,  equiv- 
alent to  a  donation  of  $2025.16. 

The  filth  year  of  the  board's  existence  showed 
some  vitality  and  afibrdcd  cause  for  encourage- 
ment, yet  the  States  manifested  comparatively 
little  interest  in  it.  Rev.  C.  C.  Bitting  had  beconie 
its  corresponding  secretary,  and  served  with  great 
efficiency.  In  1868  the  board  was  removed  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  .and  united  with  the  Southern 
Baptist  Sunday-School  Union.  In  1870.  with  Dr.  T. 
C.  Teasdale  for  its  corresponding  secretary,  new  life 
was  infused  into  this  board.  Its  I'eceipts  ran  up  to 
about  S8000,  and  it  had  come  into  possession  of 
the  stereotype  plates  of  many  Sunday  school  books, 
through  its  consolidation  with  the  Southern  Sun- 
day-School Union.  It  consequently  soon  issued 
many  valuable  Sunday-school  books.  It  also  em- 
ployed various  colporteurs  and  missionaries  in  dif- 
ferent States,  and  appeared  to  enter  upon  a  grand 
and  good  work. 

Its  receipts  during  the  eighth  year  of  its  exist- 
ence were  S1S,.S07.0'J,  the  monetary  contributions 
from  the  different  States  amounting  to  about  S8000. 
Still  it  was  found  that  the  board  was  in  debt  to  the 
amount  of  $4,500.  Dr.  T.  C.  Teasdale  resigned  his 
position  Sept.  15,  1871.  No  other  corresponding 
secretary  was  ever  secured,  but  the  business  afi'aiis 
of  the  board  were  very  successfully  managed  by  S. 
C.  Rogers,  acting  corresponding  secretary  and  busi- 
ness manager.  The  receipts  for  1.872  were  S14.240.- 
65;  and  the  receipts  for  1873  were  $16,449.25,  of 
which  $4551.27  were  general  contributions  from 
the  States,  and  $11,426.82  were  received  as  sul> 


f^OUTHEUN 


1087 


SOUTHERN 


scriptions  for  Kind  Words.  In  the  report  to  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  for  that  year,  tlie 
editor  of  ATf'/id  Wordn.  S.  Boykin,  who  was  acting 
as  corresponding  secretary  ju)o  tein.,  made  sug;;es- 
tions  which  led  to  the  consolidation  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Board  with  the  Domestic  and  Indian  Mis- 
sion Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  at 
the  session  which  met  in  Moliile.  It  was  under- 
stood that  tliis  hoard,  now  culled  the  Home  Board, 
should  continue  the  publication  of  Kind  Words, 
the  Sunday-school  paper  of  the  Convention,  which 
had  attained  a  very  large  circulation.  The  paper 
was  reniiived  to  Macon,  Ga.,  in  1873,  where  it  has 
been  published  ever  since,  and  has  been  of  valu- 
able assistance,  by  its  lesson  exiiositions,  to  the 
Baptist  Sunday-schools  of  the  South ;  and  it  has 
been  beneficial  in  indoctrinating  the  Sunday-school 
children  of  the  Southern  States  in  Baptist  princi- 
ples, and  in  inculcating  missionary  sentiments.  Its 
management  has  been  such  that  for  five  years  in 
succession  it  earned  -S800  net  per  annum,  and  the 
contract  for  the  next  five  years  secured  for  the 
Convention  ?10U0  per  annum. 

The  Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Conventiiin  was  greatly  needed  during  the  war, 
when  it  was  originated.  After  the  war,  the  neces- 
sity for  its  existence  was  not  generally  acknowl- 
edged, and  hence  it  was  not  adequately  sustained. 
The  field  of  operations  was  entirely  too  large  for 
the  instrumentality  employed,  and  it  was  discerned 
that  the  Sunday-school  work  should  properly  be 
left  to  the  denominational  machinery  of  each  State. 
Hence  the  State  Conventions,  Associations,  and 
cliuiches  were  earnestly  exhorted  to  take  in  hand 
and  perform  .a  work  far  too  great  for  any  one 
agency,  with  very  limited  means.  The  result  has 
been  that  each  Southern  State,  through  its  State 
Mission,  or  Sunday-School  Board,  is  now  diligently, 
zealously,  and  jirospeiously  carrying  forward  the 
Sunday-school  work  within  its  own  borders. 

Southern   Baptist    Theological   Seminary, 

The,  at  present  located  at  LuuisviUe,  Ky.,  was  first 
opened  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  the  first  Monday  in 
October,  1859,  with  four  professors, — .James  P. 
Boyce  (chairman  of  the  faculty),  John  A.  Broadus, 
William  Williams,  and  B.  Manly,  Jr.  Twenty-six 
students  attendeil  the  first  session,  thirty-six  at- 
tended the  second  session,  but  the  war  diminished 
the  number  during  the  third  session,  and  the  con- 
script act  of  the  Confederate  Congress  caused  the 
suspension  of  the  institution  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  Its  property  and  a  large  subscription  for  its 
support  were  rendered  almost  valueless  by  the  re- 
sults of  the  conflict.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  Oct. 
1,  1865,  the  seminary  was  reopened  with  a  full 
faculty  and  ei(/hl  students.  It  was  largely  sus- 
tained for  a  time  by  the  private  fortune  of-  Prof. 
Boyce.     In  1866  the  institution,  which  had  hitherto 


been  under  the  direction  of  the  board  of  an  educa-- 
tional  society,  sought  and  obtained  the  fostering 
inQuence  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
From  this  period  till  1871  no  attempt  w.is  made  to 
raise  an  endowment.  The  institution  was  supported 
by  annual  collections.  According  to  a  resnlution 
of  the  board  of  trustees  at  that  date  bids  were  re- 
ceived for  a  new  location  for  the  semin.iry.  The 
Baptists  of  Kentucky  pledge<l  S-'iDO.dlM)  f.r  its  loca- 
tion in  that  State.  The  proposition  was  .accepted, 
and  Louisville  selected  for  its  home.  Nearly  the 
amount  pledged,  which  was  to  be  supplemented  bv 
^200,000  from  the  other  Southern  States,  was  raised 
in  stocks,  individual  bonds,  and  real  estate,  when 
a  financial  crash  again  blasted  the  prospective  eri- 
dowraent,  and  the  institution  was  saveil  from  de- 
struction only  by  a  prompt  subscription,  in  1874, 
of  ?90,0(X),  to  be  paid  in  five  annual  installments 
for  its  current  expen.ses.  In  \>~'J  the  last  of  what 
was  secured  of  this  subscription  was  exhausted, 
and  little  of  the  renmins  of  the  prospective  endow- 
ment having  been  collected,  the  seminary  was  again 
brought  to  a  great  strait.  But  once  more  its  friends 
were  encouraged  by  the  endowment  of  a  professor- 
ship by  Gov.  -Joseph  E.  Brown,  of  Georgia,  who 
donated  S^oO.tJOO  for  that  purpose.  The  board  re- 
solved to  put  forth  an  earnest  effort  to  adil  to  this 
S150,000.  previous  to  June,  IS81.  George  W.  Nor- 
ton, Ksq.,  of  Louisville,  has  pledged  !jilO.(XK)  of  this 
sum,  provided  the  whole  amount  shall  be  raised. 
This  accomplished,  an  endowment  of  at  least 
$.500,000  will  be  speedily  completed.  Through  all 
its  struggles  for  existence  the  seminary  has  con- 
tinued to  hold  its  usual  sessions,  with  its  full  corps 
of  professors  and  a  regularly-increasing  number  of 
students.  It  was  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  opened 
its  first  session  in  Louisville,  Sept.  1,  1877.  Since 
that  time  it  has  had  an  average  attendance  of  about 
seventy-five  students.  Its  present  faculty  are 
James  P.  Boyce,  John  A.  Broadus,  B,  Manly,  and 
W.  II.  Whitsitt.  It  is  but  just  to  say  that  Dr. 
Boyce,  who  is  chairman  of  the  faculty,  treasurer 
of  the  board,  and  general  financial  agent  for  the 
seminary,  has  been  the  life-power  of  the  institution 
from  its  conception  to  the  present,  notwithstanding 
his  co-laborers  have  been  great,  good,  and  faithful 
men. 

Sonthern  Female  College,  The,  La  Grange, 
Ga.,  was  organized  in  l>4:i  by  liov,  J.  E  Daw.son, 
D.D.,  as  a  school  of  a  high  order  for  the  education 
of  young  ladies.  Dr.  Dawson,  however,  was  shortly 
succeeded  by  Milton  E.  Bacon,  A.M.,  whose  first 
class  of  five  young  ladies  graduated  in  1S45.  Under 
Mr.  Bacon's  administration  the  college  rapidly  grew 
into  favor,  the  graduating  classes  and  the  attend- 
ance on  the  various  departments  of  instruction  in- 
creasing from  year  to  year.  Large  and  beautiful 
buildings  were  erected  for  the  various  departments 


SPAIN 


1088 


SPALDING 


of  instruction  and  for  the  accommodiitign  of  the 
boarders,  who  came  in  large  numbers  from  tliis  and 
adjoining  States.  President  Bacon  retired  from 
the  college  in  1855,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  A. 
Foster,  A.M.,  who,  remaining  in  charge  till  1857, 
was  succeeded  by  I.  F.  Cox,  A.M.,  the  present 
president. 

Dining  the  administration  of  Mr.  Bacon  the 
Western  Baptist  Association  purcliased  a  half  in- 
terest in  tlie  property,  and  secured  tlie  appointment 
of  lialf  the  trustees,  the  other  iialf  remained  with 
the  president  and  proprietors  of  the  remaining 
half  interest.  The  college  buildings  were  destroyed 
by  fire,  but  President  Cox  with  persistent,  indom- 
itable energy  kept  up  the  organization  of  the  col- 
lege, in  spite  of  obstacles  that  seemed  insurmount- 
able, and  with  the  returning  prosperity  of  the 
country,  assisted  by  the  liberal  and  progressive 
citizens  of  La  Grange,  he  erected  the  magnificent 
buildings  now  used  by  the  college,  and  supplied 
the  various  departments — literary,  music,  and  art 
— with  an  outfit  commensurate  with  the  demands 
of  this  age  of  progress  and  intellectual  activity. 

The  college  for  nearly  a  q\iarter  of  a  century  has 
been  under  its  present  management.  Its  influence 
extends  to  all  parts  of  the  South.  The  graduates, 
to  the  number  of  400,  are  found  in  every  part  of 
the  county,  filling  the  highest  social  positions,  and 
in  their  literary,  music,  and  art  training  beautifully 
illustrating  the  work  done  by  their  alma  mater. 

The  last  catalogue  of  the  college,  for  the  year 
closing  in  June,  1880,  gives  the  names  of  148  pu- 
pils, with  unusually  large  classes  in  the  various 
styles  of  painting,  and  in  music  on  the  different  in- 
struments. The  advantages  for  music  offered  here 
are  believed,  by  the  best  critics,  to  be  unequaled  in 
the  South. 

Spain,  Mission  to. — In  the  latter  part  of  No- 
vember, ISO'J,  a  letter  was  received  from  Rev.  W. 
J.  Knapp,  asking  aid  of  the  Missionary  Union  in 
his  gospel  work  at  Madrid.  On  the  10th  of  Au- 
gust, 1870,  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Madrid  was 
constituted  with  a  membership  of  thirty-three  per- 
sons. The  enterprise  was  now  taken  under  the 
charge  of  the  Missionary  Union,  and  Rev.  John  W. 
Terry  was  appointed  as  the  assistant  of  Mr.  Knapp, 
but  his  connection  with  the  mission  continued  for 
only  a  short  time.  Mr.  Knapp  labored  with  great 
zeal  and  earnestness,  and  at  times  with  good  pros- 
pects of  success.  Several  missionary  stations  were 
established,  conversions  took  place,  and  a  consider- 
able number  were  baptized.  Having  accomplished 
what  he  regarded  as  his  special  mission  in  Spain, 
Mr.  Knapp  resigned  and  left  Madrid  late  in  the 
fall  of  1876.  The  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Union,  referring  to  his  work  in  Spain,  say,  "  He 
labored  with  zeal  and  industry  to  plant  missions 
in  various  parts  of  the  country  ;  but  owing  to  the 


unsettled  state  of  Spain,  the  frivolous  character 
of  the  people,  and  the  inefficiency  of  the  native 
preachers,  one  promising  interest  after  another 
dropped  out  of  sight."  Notwithstanding  the  dis- 
couragements connected  with  the  carrying  on  of 
the  mission  in  Spain,  the  Executive  Committee  have 
not  felt  justified  in  abandoning  the  field  at  present. 
The  work  is  now  carried  on  entirely  by  native 
agency.  There  are, four  churches,  three  ordained 
ministers,  and  140  clun-L-h  members  in  Spain. 

Spalding,  Albert  Theodore,  D.D.,  pastor  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  is  a  man 


ALBERT    THEODORE    SPALDING,  D.D. 

of  ability  and  administrative  capacity  ;  possesses 
great  oourteousness  of  demeanor,  and  is  especially 
beloved  by  the  young.  He  is  a  very  ready  speaker, 
has  a  fine  cunimandof  language,  and  his  pulpit 
manner  is  agreeable,  even  to  the  most  fastidious. 
He  was  born  in  Elbert  County,  Oct.  20,  1831,  his 
parents  being  Rev.  A.  M.  Spalding,  A.M.,  M.D., 
and  Lucinda  Burton.  Mr.  A.  T.  Spalding  was 
graduated  with  one  of  the  honors  of  his  class,  in 
1851,  from  Mercer  University.  Impressed  with 
the  duty  of  preaching  the  gospel,  he  spent  two 
years  more  at  Mercer,  in  the  theological  depart- 
ment, receiving  instruction  from  Dr.  John  L.  Dagg 
and  Dr.  N.  M.  Crawford.  In  1854  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Aiken.  S.  C,  where  for 
two  years  he  was  pastor ;  then  he  was  pastor  at 
Madison,  Ga.,  for  four  years.  Called  to  the  charge 
of  the  Berean  church,  in  West  Philadelphia,  he 
served,  two  years,  and  returned  South  on  account 
of  the  civil  war,  then  in   progress.     His  services 


SPALDING 


1089 


SPEAK 


were  soon  put  in  rer(nisition  at  the  South.  The 
Seliiia,  Ala.,  church  called  him,  and  had  his  lahors 
for  four  years.  Mobile  then  demanded  his  time 
and  talents,  and  he  preached  for  the  St.  Francis 
Street  church  four  years.  A  call  by  the  Walnut 
Street  church,  Louisville,  Ky..  drew  him  to  that 
large  churcli,  of  which  he  was  pastnr  four  years, 
Kucccedinf;  J)r.  G.  C.  Lorimer.  His  native  State 
once  more  claimed  his  services,  and,  in  response  to 
an  invitation  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  he 
moved  to  Atlanta  in  1871,  becoming  the  successor 
of  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  who  had  been  called  to 
Baltimore. 

He  is  still  residing  in  his  elegant  home  in  that 
famous  city  of  the  South,  the  successful  pastor  of 
one  of  the  largest,  richest,  and  most  prominent 
Baptist  churches  in  the  country.  The  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  in  ISO'.). 

Dr.  Spalding  has  been  well  educated,  and  is  a 
fine  scholar.  He  is  a  man  of  cultivated  tastes  and 
gentlemanly  instincts,  and,  as  a  preacher,  sustains 
a  good  reputation  admii-alily.  His  churches  always 
grow,  and  they  contribute  liberally  to  our  benevo- 
lent projects.  AVherever  Dr.  .Spalding  has  laliored 
his  natural  abilities,  force  of  character,  independ- 
ence of  spirit,  and  unflagging  zeal  have  enabled 
him  to  sustain  himself  well.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  State  Board  of  Missions  and  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention,  and  is  a  trustee  of  Mercer 
University.  Besides  being  an  able  preacher,  he  is 
the  author  of  a  work  called  "  The  Little  Gate,  an 
Allegory,"  that  was  published  by  Gould  it  Lincoln, 
of  Boston. 

Spalding,  Kev.  Amos  Fletcher,  was  bom  in 
Boston.  Mass.,  .Jan.  12,  1821.  His  intention  was 
to  devote  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits,  but  having 
been  called  of  God,  as  he  believed,  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry,  he  prepared  for  college  at  the  Worces- 
ter Academy,  entered  Brown  University  in  1843, 
and  graduated  in  1847.  Three  years  were  spent 
in  theological  sttidies  at  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  and  in  March,  1S5L  he  was  ordained, 
and  settled  as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Montreal,  Canada.  He  remained  hero  Ijut  a  short 
time.  The  next  eight  years  of  his  ministerial  life 
were  equally  divided  between  the  churches  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  and  Calais,  Me.  Having  been  called 
to  Warren,  R.  I.,  he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
there  for  ten  years.  He  was  subsequently  pastor 
at  Xorwieh,  Conn.,  and  Necdham,  Mass.  The  only 
thing  Mr.  Spalding  published  was  an  interesting 
centennial  discourse  on  the  history  of  the  Warren 
church,  to  which  reference  is  made  in  the  histori- 
cal sketch  of  this  church  found  in  this  volume. 
He  died  .at  Chelmesford.  Xov.  .'10.  1877.  He  was 
one  of  our  best  ministers,  respected  and  beloved 
by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


Spear,  Prof.  Philetus  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Paluiyra.  X.  Y.,  May  2.j,  181 1  ;  pVepared  for  col- 
lege at  Ostrander's  Mathematical  School  and  Pal- 
myi'a  High  School ;  came  to  Hamilton  Dec.  1,  1831 ; 
entered  the  first  class  that  took  a  full  college  course ; 
graduated  from  college  in  1836,  and  from  the  theo- 
logical seminary  iii.  1838. 

He  became  classical  teacher  in  1^3.5.  tutor  of 
mathematics  in  1837,  then  Professor  of  Hebrew, 
and  in  1850  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Latin  ;  has 
taught  over  forty  years;  was  punctual,  methodical, 
thorough,  inspiring  his  classes  with  high  motives, 
and  with  enthusiasm. 

After  the  charter  of  1846  he  was  a  sort  of  com- 
mittee of  ways  and  means  to  the  treasurer.  Two 
emergencies  outside  of  his  chair  taxed  severely  his 
energies : 

First.  The  removal  controversy,  in  the  midst  of 
the  highest  prosperity,  w.as  suddenly  sprung  upon 
the  university,  running  through  three  years,  with 
divided  counsels  and  legal  proceedings.  His  posi- 
tion was  moderate  but  firm  :  "  That  a  jieipinstinition 
was  better  for  the  Western  field,  that  the  possibility 
of  removal  was  doubtful,  and  therefore  M.adison 
University  should  be  let  alone."'  He  made  a  his- 
torical and  legal  "  Brief"  that  became  the  b.asis  of 
all  the  injunctions  against  removal.  The  positions 
taken  in  it  were  sustained  by  the  courts,  and  a 
pei'petual  injunction  issued.  Twice  he  stood  alone, 
once  when  the  "  compromise  scheme"  was  urged 
to  take  away  the  university  charter  and  leave 
'•another  school."  He  insisted  that  it  meant  death 
to  the  Hamilton  enterprise,  and  that  the  charter 
must  stay  or  all  go.  Then  again,  when  all  other 
questions  were  settled,  and  by  deaths  and  resigna- 
tions not  even  a  quorum  of  Hamilton  men  were 
left  on  the  university  board,  he  took  tho  responsi- 
bility, pecuniary  and  otherwise,  of  "  negotiatitui 
and  adjustment,"  at  an  hour  when  all  that  had 
been  contended  for  might  have  been  lost  by  losing 
the  university  charter  and  board  ;  and  thus  the 
university  was  saved  by  passing  through  the  nar- 
rowest strait  possible,  there  being  but  a  bare  quo- 
rum to  act  in  the  adjustment. 

The  controversy  ended,  around  Drs.  Eaton  and 
Spear  rallied  the  old  enthusiasm  and  patronage, 
and  in  three  years  brought  back  more  than  the  old 
prosperitj-.  This  success  brought  large  accretions 
of  work  and  responsibilitj'.  and  for  ten  years,  be- 
sides his  chair  of  Hebrew  and  Latin,  he  was  libra- 
rian, and  secretary  of  both  boards,  and  of  the  ex- 
ecutive and  provisional  committees.  This  outside 
work  he  discontinued  when  the  necessity  ceased. 

Secoiuh  The  necessity  for  an  endowment  brought 
another  emergency.  Salaries  were  small,  income 
inadequate.  To  push  out  with  larger  plans  re- 
quired larger  means.  Hired  agencies  for  this  spe- 
cific work  had  nearly  proved  a  failure.     Forced  by 


SPEIGHT 


1090 


SPKA'VJi 


the  logic  of  oircuinstances,  he  uinlertook  this  outside 
work.  He  had  already,  in  l.S.">(l,  enj^ineercd  the 
first  suliscription  for  StiD.UOO,  tlieii  near  tlic  close 
of  the  war  he  had  organized  and  started  the  Col- 
gate plan  for  $00,000  more.  In  I8()4  he  took  more 
earnest  hold  of  endowment  as  a  voluntary  and 
gratnitous  service,  but  making  it  a  side-issue  for 


.  recreation.  The  first  year  !?82,000  came  in  ;  for 
the  "Jubilee,"  ISliO-TO,  §220,000;  for  the  "  Na- 
tional Centennial,"  I  ST (5, !?  102,000;  and  other  sums 
straggling  in,  made  for  all  purposes  about  half  a 
million  in  cash  since  the  war.  This  should  be  said 
to  recognize  the  aid  of  those  whole-souled  men  and 
women,  without  whom  no  success  could  have  fol- 
lowed, namely,  the  Colgate  Brothers  and  a  thousand 
others,  Trevor,  with  Mrs.  Dr.  Somers,  ami  many 
new-comers,  Mrs.  King,  1).  Munroe,  Cornell,  and 
scores  doing  equally  well. 

As  a  student  and  professor  he  has  kept  pace  with 
the  university  life  for  nearly  half  a  century,  having 
personally  known  every  member  of  the  faculty. 
and  being  familiar  with  thedifi'erent  jdiases  of  uni- 
versity history,  lie  has  used  his  pen  with  ellect. 
especially  in  the  removal  controversy.  He  drew 
up  the  "Fraternal  Address"  to  Baptists,  issued 
June  9,  1849;  also  the  "Address  to  the  Albany 
Convention"  of  Oct.  4,  1849;  and  then  the  "Answer 
to  Dr.  Williams's  Compromise  Scheme"  of  Oct.  22, 
1849, — all  of  which  did  much  to  settle  mooted  ques- 
tions, and  to  establish  the  old  devotion,  enthusiasm, 
and  patronage. 

Speight,  Gen.  Joseph  Warren,  was  born  in 

Greene  Co.,  N.  ('.,  May  iil.  1S2.').  His  father,  Hon. 
Jesse  Speight,  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
North  Carolina,  and  U.  S.  Senator  from  Mississippi. 
His  early  education  was  obtained  at  Stony  Hill 
High  Schopl.  After  the  family  removed  to  Missis- 
sippi, which  occurred  when  he  was  twelve  years  old, 
he  completed  a  higher  course  of  study  under  the  tu- 
ition of  Kev.  K.  C.  Burleson,  then  teaching  in  Mis- 
sissippi. At  the  age  of  twenty  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  Aberdeen,  Miss.,  ,and  continued 
it  with  profit  and  distinction  until  failing  health 
induced  him  to  turn  his  attention  to  farming.  In 
the  fall  of  1853  he  removed  to  Waco,  then  a  vil- 
lage in  McLennan  Co.,  Te.xas,  and  ever  since  has 
been  constantly  employed  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
His  connections  and  early  predilections  were  Meth- 
odist, but  "  the  plain,  unmistakable,  and  irresistible 
force  of  God's  holy  truth  compelled  him  to  become 
a  Baptist."  Soon  after  his  baptism,  in  IS57,  he 
was  chosen  a  deacon,  clerk  of  the  Waco  church, 
and  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  has 
continued  in  these  offices  up  to  this  time.  He  has 
served  as  moderator  of  Trinity  lliver  Association, 
twice  as  president  of  the  General  Association  of 
Texas,  and  he  is  now  moderator  of  Waco  Associa- 
tion.    He  was  grand  master  of  the  Grand  Lodge 


of  Masons  in  Mississippi  when  about  twenty-seven 
years  old.  His  father  named  him  Joseph  Warren 
from  a  twofold  admiration  of  the  distinguishiul 
general  who  fell  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  who  was  the 


Ot;\.  JOSEI'II     H'AHKEN    S1'E1(;I1T. 

I  first  Masonic  grand  master  in  North  America.  The 
'  son  has  ever  been  a  prominent  Mason.  At  the 
iipening  of  the  civil  war  he  raised  the  l.'ith  Regi- 
ment Texas  Infantry,  and  was  appointed  its  colonel, 
serving  with  it  exclusively  in  the  trans-Missi.ssippi 
Department.  He  was  promoted  to  the  command 
of  a  brigade,  and  continued  to  be  its  general  until 
after  the  battles  of  Mansfield  and  Pleas.ant  Hill, 
La.,  at  the  latter  of  which  be  was  wounded.  His 
health  failing,  he  surrendered  his  brigade  to  Gen. 
I'olignac,  and  was  relieved  from  field  duty  till  tint 
war  closed.  From  its  origin  he  hat;  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Waco  University,  and 
perhaps  the  best  service  of  his  life  has  been  in  be- 
half of  that  important  institution,  in  whose  pros- 
perity he  manifests  all  a  father's  love.  Blessed  in 
his  married  life,  prosperous  in  secular  ))ursuits. 
and  in  the  prime  of  manhood,  the  church  and  the 
world  will,  Providence  favoring,  witness  yet  much 
work  for  man  and  his  Creator. 
Spence,  Rev.  George  Sumner  Goddard,  w.is 

born  in  Boston,  Dee.  21,  ISl'J;  fitted  fnr  collegia  at 
the  academy  in  New  Hampton,  N.  H. ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1830 ;  and,  after  teaching 
four  years,  went  to  the  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, where  he  graduated  in  1846.  lie  was  or- 
dained .as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  AVest 
Wrentham,  March  31,  1847,  where  he  remained  a 


Hl'ENCKR 


lU'Jl 


Sl'RATr 


year  and  a  half,  and  then  became  pastor  of  the 
cluirch  in  Augusta,  Me.  Such  was  the  state  of  his 
health  that  he  was  obliged  to  give  U|)  the  ministry 
and  devote  himself  to  business  pursuits,  lie  died 
at  Salem,  Mass.,  Sept.  7,  lS6o. 
Spencer,  Rev.  David,  A.M.,  youngest  son  of 

Charles  W.  and  Mary  Speneer,  was  born  at  En- 
derby,  Leicestershire,  England,  May  23,  1839. 
His  parents,  on  coming  to  the  United  States,  set- 
tled in  Oermantown,  Pliiladelpliia,  where,  in  ISJ:", 
they  became  constituent  members  of  the  First  Oer- 
mantown church.  Into  the  fellowship  of  this  church 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  baptized  May  I,  18.'J3. 
He  entered  upon  his  studies  at  the  university  at 
Lewisburg,  March,  IS.i",  and  remained  until  lSt)2; 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  18.i'J,  and  was  ordained 
at  Point  Pleasant,  Pa.,  Aug.  0,  1SG2,  where  he  en- 
tered upon  his  first  pastorate.  lie  remained  until 
March  1,  1865,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Ilox- 
borough  church,  Philadelphia.  Here  he  continui'<l 
in  abundant  and  fruitful  labors  until  Oct.  15,  1877, 
when  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  district  secre- 
tary of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 
This  position  he  filled  with  reinarkal)le  ability  anil 
untiring  devotion  until  Sept.  1,  1880,  when  he  ac- 
cepted an  urgent  call  to  become  pastor  of  the  Penn 
Avenue  church,  Scranton,  Pa.,  in  which  field  of 
labor  he  still  remains.  He  served  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association  fur  eleven  years  as  clerk  or  as- 
sociate clerk,  and,  as  a  fitting  testimony  to  the 
value  of  his  services,  his  letter  of  declination  was 
placed  ujion  the  minutes  of  that  body  for  1878. 
He  has  also  served  as  secretary  and  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Conference  of  Baptist  ministers,  and 
has  been  constantly  and  zealously  engaged  in  pro- 
moting the  local  and  general  interests  of  the  de- 
nomination. He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in 
1808  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Mr.  Spencer  is  an  effective  preacher,  a  faithful 
pastDr,  and  a  devout  Christian.  He  is  deeply  in- 
terested in  all  that  pertains  to  the  history  and  growth 
of  the  denomination,  and  in  1877  he  published  an 
interesting  volume  entitled  "  The  Early  Baptists 
of  Philudrlphin.-' 

Spencer,  Eev.  James,  was  burn  in  Cape  Bre- 
ton; was  ba))tized,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Sydney,  the  capital  of  that  island  ;  or- 
dained pastor  at  Chester,  Nova  Scotia,  May  17, 
1853;  filled  useful  p:vstorates  in  Nova  Scotia,  at 
Lower  Granville,  Digby,  Tusket,  and  Chebogue. 
Mr.  Spencer  is  now  seamen's  chaplain  in  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick. 

Spilsbury,  Rev.  John. — In  UiUl,  in  London, 

Englanil,  a  Congregatinnal  church  was  formed,  of 
which  Henry  Jacob  \tas,  the  first  pastor.  His  suc- 
cessor was  John  Lathorp,  who  presided  over  the 
church  in  1033.  During  1033  several  persons,  dis- 
satisfied with  the  loose  way  the  church  held  its  dis- 


senting principles,  and  convinced  that  baptism 
should  be  administered  to  all  believers  and  to  no 
babes,  sought  and  obtained  the  authority  of  Mr. 
Lathorp's  community  to  found  a  distinct  church, 
in  accordance  with  their  own  principles.  The 
church  was  constituted  Sept.  12,  1033.  The  Kev. 
John  Spilsbury  was  elected  its  first  pastor.  Wil- 
liam Kiffin  and  others,  in  1038,  came  from  the  old 
Congregational  home  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church.  This  was  a  Calvinistical  church,  and  by 
some  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  church  of 
the  Particular  Baptist  order  in  modern  England. 
This  view^  lacks  evidence.  Mr.  Spilsbury  attained 
great  eminence  as  a  minister  of  our  denomination, 
and  was  long  the  honored  pastor  of  this  people.  He 
was  alive  in  1000. 

Spotts,  Rev.  John,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1784.  He 
was  of  German  descent,  and  lived  in  Lewisburg, 
Greenbrier  Co.,  W.  Va.  At  the  age  of  thirty  he 
joined  the  Presbyterians,  and  became  a  zealous 
worker  in  the  church  and  Sunday-school.  It  is  a 
matter  of  record  that  twenty-one  of  the  young  men 
connected  with  his  Sunday-school  became  preach- 
ers, and  one  of  theiu,  Kev.  J.  L.  Shuck,  a  mission- 
ary to  China.  Upon  changing  his  views  on  the 
mode  of  baptism,  he  gave  up  his  connection  with 
the  influential  and  popular  Presbyterian  church, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  small  Baptist  church 
in  Lewisburg. 

Not  long  after  this  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  in  1832  was  ordained,  and  appointed  to  travel 
as  a  missionary. 

Mr.  Spotts  was  distinguished  for  his  ardent  love 
of  Christian  people,  and  for  earnest  piety  and  zeal 
in  his  work.  Though  called  home  in  the.  very 
strength  of  his  manhood,  being  liut  forty-four  years 
of  age,  yet  he  did  a  grand  and  glorious  work,  and 
many  will  i-ise  up  in  the  last  day  and  bless  God 
that  he  lived.  He  was  cheerful  in  his  work,  and 
when  the  summons  came  he  met  it  with  exclama- 
tions cif  triumph.     ''  Blessed  are  the  dead.' 

Spratt,  George  M.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Quebec, 
Canada,  April  7,  1813;  was  converted  when  seven 
years  old  ;  entered  upon  his  studies  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  in  1830,  having  walked  all  the  distance 
from  his  home  in  Pennsylvania;  was  afterwards 
ordained  as  a  missionary  in  Central  Pcnn.sylvania. 
During  his  labors  he  organized  three  churches, 
built  three  meeting-houses,  and  baptized  many 
converts.  He  subsequently  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Towanda,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  four 
years;  was  also  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Elmira 
and  Fairport.  N.  Y.  :  received  the  degree  of  D.D., 
in  1800,  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  In  the 
establishment  and  growth  of  this  institution  he  con- 
tributed a  large  measure  of  efficient  service.  In 
1851  he  was  made  corresponding  secretary  and 
financial  agent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Educa- 


SPRATT 


1092 


SPURGEON 


tion  Society.  This  position  he  still  lioltls.  nnd  to  |  the  Groat  Valley,  in  Chester  County.  After  closinsr 
the  work  of  ministerial  education  he  has  jjiven  the  hi.s  labors  here,  the  growing  infirmities  of  years 
best  years  and  enei-gies  of  his  life.  His  name  and 
his  praise  are  in  all  the  churches.     He  has  labored 


precluded  any  change,  but  he  supplied  occasionally 
the  Valley  Forge  church,  until  his  sudden  death, 


GEORGE    M.    Sl'RATT,    I).D. 

long  aii<l  well,  l)ut  his  eye  is  not  j-et  dimiiiod  nnr 
his  natural  force  abated.  He  is  an  instructive  and 
earnest  preacher,  and  carries  forward  his  woi-k  with 
intense  devotion  and  efficiency.  His  daughter,  Miss 
Harriet  E.  Spi-att,  was  for  several  \ears  before  her 
death  the  principal  of  the  University  Female  Insti- 
tute at  Lewisburg,  Pa. 

Spratt,  Geo.  S.,  M.D,,  was  born  in  Winchester, 
Englanil,  July  8.  1787.  Jan.  11,  1811,  he  married 
Mis.s  Elizabeth  Main,  and  three  days  after  set  sail 
as  a  medical  missionary  fur  the  East  Indies.  Prov- 
idence, however,  guided  him  to  Quebec,  Canada, 
where  he  labored  as  pastor  of  an  "  Independent" 
church.  Removing  to  Philadelphia,  he  became 
thoroughly  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Baptist  sen- 
timents, and  received  not  only  Scriptural  baptism. 
but  also  ordination,  the  brethren  of  that  d,iy  being 
unwilling  to  recognize  the  orthodoxy  of  an  alien 
administration  of  either  baptism  or  the  official  act 
of  consecration  to  the  functions  of  the  gospel  min- 
istry. His  first  pastorate  in  his  new  connection 
was  over  the  recently-formed  church  in  Bridgeton. 
N.  J.  Subsequent  labors  were  given  to  thechurches 
of  Shamokin  and  vicinity.  The  church  of  Coving- 
ton, Tioga  Co..  was  formed  through  his  labors ;  Al- 
leghany and  Mead  Corners,  churches  in  the  north- 
western portion  of  the  State,  shared  in  his  pastoral 
efforts.     The  last  church  he  served  as  pastor  was 


GEORGE    S.  SPR.\TT.   M.D. 

•Ian.  2S,  ]Sfi.3,  in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age 
and  the  fifty-third  of  an  acceptable  ministry.  "  A 
sinner  saved  by  grace''  was  the  iiieiiiorial  he  nr- 
dered  in  his  will  to  be  engraved  on  his  tombstone. 
A  son,  the  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Baptist  Education  Society,  and  a  grandson, 
John  Spratt  Weightnour,  pastor  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  are  in  the  active  service  of  the  ministry. 

Spurden,  Charles,  D.D.,  was  born  May  25, 
1812,  near  liOmlon,  England,  where  he  was  con- 
verted in  1S32;  was  baptized  by  Rev,  Edward 
Steane,  D,D.,  of  Caniberwell :  studied  four  years 
at  the  Baptist  College,  Bristol,  under  the  presidency 
of  Dr.  Crisp;  ordained  in  1841  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  of  Hereford ;  became  principal  of  the 
Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton,  Xew  Brunswick,  in 
184.3,  and  continued  ably  to  discharge  the  duties 
of  his  office  till  his  resignation  in  1807.  Eminently 
gentlemanly  and  Christian,  sound  in  theology, 
earnest  and  clear  as  a  teacher  and  preacher.  Dr. 
Spurden's  work  and  ministry  in  New  Brunswick 
proved  a  blessing  to  the  denomination  and  the 
public. 

Spurgeon,  Rev.  Charles  Haddon,  the  most 
widely-known  preacher  of  the  age,  was  born  at 
Kelvedon,  County  of  Essex,  England,  June  19, 
18.34,  At  an  early  age  he  was  removed  to  his 
grandfather's  house  at  Stambourne,  in  the  same 


SPURGE ON 


1093 


SPURGE  ON 


county,  and  remained  there  several  years.  His 
grandfather,  who  was  the  pastor  of  the  Independent 
churt-h  of  that  place,  and  a  man  of  considerable 
note  for  his  long-continued  and  useful  labors,  was 


REV.  CHARLES    HADDOX    SFIRGEOX. 

soon  impressed  with  the  child's  thoughtfulness  and 
keen  moral  perceptions.  Most  of  the  pious  people 
who  were  acquainted  with  the  family  seem  to  have 
anticipated  a  remarkable  career  for  him,  and  the 
well-known  Rev.  Richard  Knill,  when  visiting  at 
Stambourne  in  18-14,  was  so  struck  with  the  boy's 
ability  and  character  that  he  declared  to  the  as- 
sembled family  his  "  solemn  presentiment  that  this 
child  will  preach  the  gospel  to  thousands,  and  God 
will  bless  him  to  many  souls."  Having  received  a 
liberal  education  at  a  private  academy  at  Colches- 
ter, he  engaged  himself  in  his  fifteenth  year  as 
assistant  in  a  school  at  Newmarket  conducted  by  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  This  en- 
gagement led  to  his  first  associating  himself  with 
Baptists,  his  family  and  friends  being  all  Inde- 
pendents. At  this  time,  however,  he  had  not  found 
peace  in  Christ,  although  deeply  convinced  of  sin. 
About  the  close  of  the  year  1S50  his  distress  of 
soul  greatly  increased,  and  he  attended  religious 
services  in  various  places,  seeking  salvation  in  vain, 
until  on  December  15  he  happened  to  go  into  a 
Primitive  Methodist  chapel  in  Colchester,  and  heard 
a  sermon  on  the  text.  '"  Look  unto  me,  and  be  ye 
saved."  From  that  hour  he  rejoiced  in  salvation. 
He  now  felt  it  his  duty  to  make  a  profession  of  his 
faith  in  Christ,  and  to  unite  himself  with  the  Bap- 
tists. Although  this  step  was  not  altogether  pleasing 


to  his  family,  his  father  and  his  grandfather  being 
Pedobaptist  ministers,  they  at  length  yielded  to  his 
wishes,  and  he  was  baptized  May  .3,  18.51.  A  vear 
afterwards  he  removed  to  Cambridge,  still  con- 
tinuing to  teach  as  an  usher,  or  assistant  master. 
Having  joined  the  old  Baptist  church  in  St.  An- 
drew's Street,  of  which  Robert  Hall  and  Robert 
Robinson  had  been  pastors,  he  soon  found  a  con- 
genial sphere  of  work  in  connection  with  "The 
Lay-Preachers"  Association.''  He  became  a  wel- 
come visitor  at  the  thirteen  village  stations  sup- 
plied by  this  body,  and  in  18.52  he  was  invited 
by  the  little  church  at  AVaterbeach  to  assume  the 
pastoral  charge.  His  family  and  friends  wished 
him  to  enter  a  theological  seminary,  and  steps 
were  taken  to  introduce  him  to  Dr.  Angus,  the 
distinguished  president  of  Regent's  Park  College. 
Through  a  misun<lt'rstanding  the  proposed  meet- 
ing did  not  take  place,  and  he  continued  at  Water- 
beach.  His  ministry  there  was  so  eminently  suc- 
cessful that  in  the  autumn  of  1853  the  deacons 
of  the  ancient  church  in  Southwark,  London,  the 
church  of  Benjamin  Keach,  Dr.  Gill,  and  Dr.  Rip- 
pon,  were  led  to  invite  him  to  supply  the  pulpit. 
For  some  time  the  congregation  there  had  been 
dwindling  away,  and  at  his  first  service  there  were 
only  200  attendants  in  a  building  capable  of  hold- 
ing 1200.  The  result  of  the  first  sermon  was  a 
great  increase  in  the  evening  attendance,  and  an 
invitation  to  come  again  as  soon  as  possible.  After 
three  more  Sundays  he  was  asked  to  supply  for  six 
months  with  a  view  to  a  permanent  settlement  as 
pastor.  He  agreed  to  come  for  three  months.  Be- 
fore the  three  months  had  piissed  away  the  small 
minority  who  had  opposed  the  motion  to  call  him 
to  the  pastorate  were  absorbed  into  the  m.ajority, 
and  on  April  28,  1854,  he  accepted  their  cordial  and 
unanimous  call.  His  metropolitan  ministry  was  a 
grand  success  from  the  start.  All  London  was  soon 
talking  of  the  youthful  Whitefield  who  had  been  dis- 
covered in  a  Cambridgeshire  village.  From  Lon- 
don his  fame  spread  throughout  the  land.  Within  a 
year  the  church  edifice  had  to  be  enlarged.  During 
the  alterations  Exeter  Hall  was  hired,  and  over- 
flowing congregations  in  that  spacious  and  central 
place  attracted  towards  him  the  attention  and  crit- 
icism of  the  press.  His  '•  Exeter  Hall  Seniions"' 
were  published  and  had  an  extensive  sale.  Invita- 
tions to  preach  flowed  in  upon  him  from  all  nuar- 
ters,  to  which  he  readily  responded.  In  185G,  the 
enlarged  chapel  having  proved  utterly  inadequate 
to  accommodate  the  crowds  who  flocked  to  hear 
him,  he  commenced  preaching  in  the  Music  Hall 
of  the  Surrey  Gardens,  an  immense  building,  which, 
although  capable  of  seating  7000,  was  always 
densely  crowded.  Here  notable  persons  of  all 
sorts  were  frequently  seen  curiously  studying  this 
pulpit  phenomenon.      But,  of  course,  the  Music 


SPURGEON 


1095 


STAXDARD 


Hall  could  not  be  thy  lioiiii!  of  a  fhiirrli,  and  in 
Auirust,  1S59,  the  fuuiidation-stone  of  the  Metro- 
politan 'raljornacle  was  laid.  The  htriK-tiiro  was 
completed  in  March,  IfiOl,  and  at  the  conclusion  of 
aseriesof  opening  services  the  entire  cost,  £31,000 
(§150,000),  was  contributed.  Snliseqnentimprove- 
iiients  liave  enlarged  the  acconinioilatioiis,  and  there 
are  now  seats  for  5.')00  persons,  and  standing-room 
lor  1000  more.  It  is  w(dl  known  that  the  congre- 
gations always  fill  the  place  on  Sundays  when  Mr. 
Spurgeon  preaches.  When  the  church  took  pos- 
session of  tbe  Tabernacle  there  were  I  \~K  members 
on  the  roll  ;  there  are  now  upwards  of  5.")00.  Mr. 
Spurgeon's  frequent  attacks  ol  illness,  and  the 
great  increase  of  thi;  niemliership,  led  the  church, 
in  18()iS,  to  appoint  his  brother,  the  Kev.  James 
Archer  Spurgeon,  as  co-pastor,  and  this  leliowship 
in  service  is  still  harmoniously  and  ju-osperously 
maintained.  Besides  liis  pulpit  labors,  Mr.  Spur- 
geon's pen  is  ever  busy.  His  contributions  to  the 
press  and  to  theological  literature  rank  him  with 
the  most  eminent  masters  of  style,  and  are  scarcely 
less  effective  than  his  preaching.  He  is  also  among 
the  most  active  leaders  in  philanthropic  work,  and 
princely  in  his  gifts.  An  orphanage  for  boys  was  | 
coMinienced  in  181.17,  and  one  for  girls  in  18X(),  at 
•Stookwell,  London.  In  these  buildinirs  .')00  or  6U0 
fatherless  children  are  received,  being  admitted  ; 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  ten  years,  and  remain- 
ing until  they  are  fourteen.  The  most  needy  appli- 
cants are  generally  preferred  by  the  trustees,  with-  [ 
out  regard  to  sectarian  distinctions.  Mr.  Spurgeon's 
remarkable  faculty  of  administration  has  made  the 
Stockwell  Orphanage  famous  among  works  of  be-  i 
nevolence.  Karly  in  his  ministry  he  commenced  | 
at  his  own  charge  the  enterprise  which  has  devel-  j 
oped  into  the  Pastors'  College,  from  which  institu- 
tion some  hundreds  of  students  have  gone  forth  as 
preachers  and  missionaries.  In  ISO.)  he  started  a 
monthly  magazine,  the  Sward  and  Tniwel,  pur-  j" 
posing  to  make  it  the  foster-parent  of  the  college 
and  orphanage,  and  the  project  hjis  proved  every 
way  successful.  A  Colportage  As.sociation  and 
Mrs.  Spurgeon's  Book  Fund  to  provide  free  gifts 
of  books  for  poor  pastors,  are  valuable  adjuncts  to 
the  colossal  work  of  which  the  Tabernacle  is  the 
centre.  Week  by  week  for  upwards  of  twenty-five 
years  a  sermon  by  Mr.  Spurgeon  has  been  pub- 
lished, and  not  a  few  of  them  have  had  a  remark- 
ably large  sale.  They  have  been  translated  into 
several  languages,  and  their  entire  circulation  is 
probably  unparalleled.  Mr.  Spurgeon  has  two 
sons,  twins.  Both  are  preachers,  and  one  is  jiastor 
of  a  Baptist  church  at  (jrecnwich,  near  London. 

Spurgeon,  James   Archer,  co-pastor   of  the  i 
Metropolitan  Tabernacle,  London,  and  only  brother 
of  the  senior  pastor,  studied  at  Regent's  Park  Col- 
lege, and  began  his  regular  ministry  at  Southamp-  1 


ton  in  IS50.  Subsef|uently  he  became  pastor  of  a 
(diurch  at  Croydon,  near  London,  at  the  same  time 
assisting  in  tutorial  work  at  the  Pastors'  College. 
In  ISB8  he  was  invited  to  his  present  position,  in 
which  he  has  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
denomination. 

Stackelford,  Josephus,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Portsmouth,  Va.,  l''el).  ('),  1.S30;  baptized  by  Rev. 
.Martin  Ball,  in  Mississippi,  in  1849:  graduated 
from  Jlercer  University  in  1855,  and  ordained  the 
same  year  at  Pontotoc;  after  a  brief  missionary 
work  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  he  accepted  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Baptist  Female  College  at  Moulton. 
Ala.,  in  1856,  which  was  nourishing  until  broken 
up  by  the  war.  He  then  entered  the  army  of  the 
Confederate  States  as  captain  of  cavalry,  and  be- 
came chaplain  in  1863.  Retiring  from  the  army  in 
1864,  he  reopened  his  school ;  constantly  had  charge 
of  churches  while  he  was  teaching.  In  1865  he 
commenced  in  Moulton  the  pnblic-ation  of  the 
C/uis/itiii  llriald,  then  the  only  Baptist  paper  in 
the  State.  It  was  published  for  .some  time  in  Tus- 
cumbia,  and  then  in  Nashville,  until  purchased  by 
the  proprietors  of  the  Christian  Index.  He  was 
pastor  in  Tuscumbia  for  quite  a  number  of  years. 
In  187G  he  removed  to  Forest  City,  Ark.,  as  pastor, 
and  was  president  of  the  Baptist  College  in  that 
place.  Returned  to  .Mabama  in  1879,  and  took 
charge  of  the  high  school  at  Trinity,  where  he  still 
presides,  having  charge  of  several  churches.  The 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  Alabama  Agricultural  College  in  1872.  Dr. 
Stackelford  stood  for  many  years  as  our  most  dis- 
tingoish''d  minister  in  Ncjrth  Alabama. 

StallingS,  Eev.  J.  N. — 'l"he  son  of  a  useful 
Baptist  minister,  Mr.  Stallings  was  converted  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina ;  read  and  prac- 
tised law  for  several  years  before  he  began  to 
preach,  and  has  combinecl  in  himself  several  differ- 
'  ent  pursuits  at  the  same  time.  Just  now  he  is 
pastor,  teacher,  and  editor :  for  many  years  he  was 
pastor,  attorney,  and  editor,  and  has  been  in  poli- 
tics somewhat,  having  represented  his  county,  Dup- 
lin, in  the  State  convention  of  1875.  He  is  prin- 
cipal of  the  Warsaw  High  School  and  a  very  useful 
man. 

Standard,  The.— -I"  the  year  ISS.'?  the  subscrip- 
tion list  of  the  Watchman  of  the  J'lairies,  pub- 
lished at  Chicago,  was  purchased  from  Rev.  Luther 
Stone  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Burroughs,  then  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Chicago.  The  new  paper. 
'/'/({'  Clirindan  Times,  was  for  some  months  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  Burroughs,  in  association  with  Rev. 
II.  (i.  Weston,  of  Peoria,  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Joslyn. 
of  Elgin.  In  November,  1853,  Rev.  Leroy  Church 
and  Rev.  J.  A.  .Sniith  became  joint  proprietors  and 
editors  of  the  paper,  the  proprietary  interest  of  the 
latter,  however,  being  soon   transferred  to  Rev.  J. 


STANFORD 


1096 


ST AUGHT OK 


F.  Cliild,  who  was  succeeded  in  the  proprietor- 
ship Ijy  Edward  Goodman.  By  Messrs.  Churcli  & 
Goodman  the  paper  continued  to  lie  pul)lished  until 
Jan.  1,  1875,  when  tlie  interest  of  Mr.  Church  was 
purchased  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Dickerson,  of  Boston,  who 
removed  to  Chicago  and  became  connected  with  the 
pa|ier  as  joint  editor  and  joint  proprietor.  Upon 
his  deatli,  in  March,  ISTlS,  liis  proprietary  interest 
passed  to  his  widow,  Mrs.  Emma  K.  Dickerson. 
His  eldest  son,  J.  Spencer  Dickerson,  has  since  be- 
come also  a  member  of  the  firm,  which  is  now 
known  as  Goodman  &  Dickerson. 

During  the  twenty-seven  j'ears  of  its  history  the 
paper  lias  consolidated  with  itself  The  lUiimis  Bap- 
tist. piil)lished  for  several  years  at  Blopinington, 
111.,  by  Dr.  II.  J.  Eddy  ;  'JTte  Witness,  at  Indian- 
apolis, by  Rev.  M.  G.  Clarke, — at  which  time  its 
name  was  changed  to  The  Christian  Times  and 
Witttess, — and  The  Michigan  Christian  Herald,  of 
Detroit.  At  the  time  of  the  last-named  consolida- 
tion the  name  was  changed  to  The  Standard,  the 
name  by  which  it  is  now  known. 

J'Ae  Standard  is  the  denominational  organ  for 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  Dakota,  and 
Wyoming,  with  a  circulation,  also,  in  all  the  States 
and  Territories  of  the  Union  ;  its  circulation,  in 
fact,  having  become  strictly  national.  It  now  ranks 
second  in  the  number  of  its  subscribers  and  read- 
ers in  the  list  of  American  Baptist  journals.  Rev, 
J.  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  has  been  connected  with  the 
paper  since  185.3  either  as  associate  editor  or  editor- 
in-chief,  in  which  latter  capacity  he  still  serves. 

Stanford,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1754, 
in  Wandswortli,  Surrey,  England,  In  early  life 
the  Saviour  found  him,  and  revealed  himself  to 
him.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Maze- 
Pond,  London.  He  was  ordained,  and  served  the 
church  at  Ilaniinersmith  for  a  few  years  as  pastor. 
In  1780  he  arrived  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  but  soon  after 
sailed  for  New  York  ;  there  he  opened  a  seminary, 
and  he  received  the  patronage  of  many  respect- 
able families.  He  preached  for  the  Rev.  John  Gano 
and  others  with  such  power  that  his  time  on  Lord's 
davs  was  continually  occupied  in  that  blessed  work. 
For  one  year  he  was  jiastor  uf  the  First  church  of 
Providence,  R.  I.,  to  their  great  satisfaction.  He, 
however,  felt  a  peculiar  call  to  preach  for  nothing, 
and  to  teach  for  a  living.  He  returned  to  New  York, 
and  carried  out  his  plan  for  thirty-six  years. 

In  1813  he  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  alms- 
house and  city  hospital  and  of  the  State  prison  ; 
along  with  these  institutions  he  regularly  ministered 
at  tlie  orphan  asylum,  the  penitentiary,  lunatic 
asylum,  debtors'  prison,  and  the  house  of  refuge. 
Several  of  the  benevolent  institutions  of  New 
Y'ork  were  largely  indebted  to  him  for  their  exist- 
ence.    His  influence  was  so  great   that  the  city 


authorities  and  the  citizens  generally  were  prompt 
in  carrying  out  his  plans.  Ho  was  justly  regarded 
as  "  one  of  the  most  practical  and  distinguished 
philanthropists  of  modern  times.''  He  died  Jan. 
14,  1834.  In  1830  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity. 

Stapp,  Hon.  Milton,  was  born  in  Scott  Co., 
Ky.,  ill  1793.  lie  studied  and  practised  law;  was 
for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  the  Ini^ana 
Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  house,  first  at 
Corydon  and  afterwards  at  Indianapojis.  He  was 
regarded  as  the  leader  of  the  internal  improvement 
system  of  the  State.  He  was  for  four  years  lieu- 
tenant-governor, and  was  the  first  fund  commis- 
sioner. He  was  for  several  years  internal  revenue 
collector  at  Galveston,  Texas.  He  was  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  mayor  of  Madison,  Ind.,  his  home. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Madison  Baptist 
church  in  1844,  and  was  an  active  Christian.  He 
was  for  six  consecutive  years  president  of  the  In- 
diana Baptist  State  Convention,  and  was  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Franklin  College  during 
several  diflFerent  years.  He  was  sanguine,  and 
scarcely  ever  failed  in  accomplishing  what  he  un- 
dertook. "  He  did  more  for  his  city  and  county 
than  any  other  man  who  ever  lived  in  it." 

He  died  in  Galveston,  Texas,  in  1870,  in  his  sev- 
enty-seventh year,  and  his  remains  were  brought 
to  his  old  home  for  burial. 

Starkville  Female  Institute,  located  at  Stark- 
ville,  Miss.,  was  founded  by  Rev.  T.  G.  Sellers,  who 
is  principal. 

Staughton,  Wm.,  D.D,,  one  of  the  first  of 
American  preachers  and  educators,  was  born  at 
Coventry,  England,  Jan.  4,  1770.  At  the  age  of 
twelve  he  wrote  poems  from  Goldsmith's  "  Ani- 
mated Nature,'  which  were  published,  and  thought 
to  indicate  great  native  talent.  Having  lieen  bap- 
tized at  the  age  of  seventeen  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Pearce,  of  Birmingham,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  ministry,  and  took  a  thorough  course  of 
study  at  Bristol  College,  graduating  about  the  year 
1792.  At  this  time  he  was  called  to  succeed 
Dr.  Ryland  at  Northampton,  but  feeling  drawn 
towai-ds  America,  he  left  England  in  1793,  and  be- 
came pastor  at  Georgetown,  S.  C,  where  he  re- 
mained eighteen  months.  Becoming  dissatisfied 
with  the  Southern  climate  he  went  North,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  and  principal  of  the 
seminary  at  Bordentown,  N.  J.  This  was  followed 
by  pastorates  at  Jacobstown  and  Burlington.  N.  J,, 
at  which  latter  place  he  remained  until  1805,  when 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  church,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  a  position  which  he  retained  until  1811,  when 
he  resigned  to  accept  the  pastorate  of  a  colony  from 
the  First  church,  called  the  Sansom  Street  church. 
In  this  latter  position  he  remained  with  wonderful 


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success  until  1823,  when  lie  removed  to  Washinjj;- 
ton  to  assume  the  presidency  of  Coluniliian  College, 
to  wliicli  he  had  been  elected  in  1S21.  Here  he 
continued  until  April  3,  1S2'.I,  when  he  resigned 
his  connection  with  the  college,  and  returned  to 
Philadelphia.  In  August  of  the  same  year  he  was 
elected  president  of  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  and 
in  Octoher  started  for  this  new  field  of  labor.  At 
Washington,  D.  C,  he  was  taken  sick,  and  died 
Dec.  12,  1S29,  in  the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age. 

Dr.  Staughton  was  a  man  of  wonderful  elo- 
quence. During  his  long  ministry  in  Philadelphia 
lu!  was  recognized  as  the  leader  of  his  profession, 
and  invariably  preached  to  crowded  houses.  He 
was  profoundly  interested  in  education.  Before 
coming  to  Philadelphia  he  was  constantly  engaged 
in  teaching,  and  while  in  Philadelphia  was  princi- 
pal of  a  Baptist  theological  institution  for  the  train- 
ing of  ministers.  It  was  his  custom  also  to  deliver 
lectures  in  select  schools  on  various  subjects,  par- 
ticularly the  subject  of  botany,  in  which  he  was  an 
adept.  He  was  the  first  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, and  through  his  whole  life  gave  much  time 
and  toil  to  the  missionary  cause.  He  was  also  the 
father  of  the  Philadelphia  Bible  Society,  the  first 
female  Bible  society  in  the  world.  In  all  this 
varied  work  he  exhibited  a  zeal  and  industry 
which  made  him  the  admiration  of  his  time.  Tra- 
ditions of  his  eloquence  and  power  still  linger  about 
the  scenes  of  his  active  life,  and  keep  alive  the 
memory  of  his  name.    (See  portrait  in  Appendix.) 

At  the  early  age  of  twenty-eight  he  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Princeton  College.  He  was 
twice  married.  Ilis  |irst  wife,  Maria  Hanson,  died 
in  January,  1823,  and  his  second  wife,  Anna  C. 
Peale,  who  survived  him,  in  1878.  A  memoir  of 
Dr.  Staughton  was  published  by  his  son-in-law, 
Kev.  S.  W.  Lynd,  D.D..  in  1834. 

Stearns,  Rev.  Harrison  William,  was  l)orn 
in  Conway,  Mass.,  in  October.  1848;  educated  at 
Brown  University,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1867,  and  at  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1870,  and  was  ordained  the 
same  year.  lie  was  settled  as  pastor  at  Minneaj)- 
olis,  Minn.,  two  years,  and  at  Clinton,  Wis.,  six 
years.  He  has  been  the  pioneer  church  and  Sun- 
day-school missionary  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist 
State  Convention  two  years,  and  holds  the  position 
now.  He  has  planted  a  number  of  churches  and 
organized  Sunday-schools  in  the  new  settlements 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  State.  He  is  giving 
his  best  strength  to  the  mission  work  of  the  State. 
His  ideal  of  a  new  church,  founded  according  to 
the  New  Testament  model,  is  lofty  and  gr.and.  He 
delights  in  this  foundation  work,  and  he  is  pre- 
eminently fitted  for  it.  He  is  a  safe,  devoted,  and 
consecrated  servant  of  Jesus  Christ. 
70 


Stearns,  Prof.  John  William,  son  of  Kev.  0. 

0.  Stearns,  of  Loiii,  \\  is,,  is  a  native  of  Sturbridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  born  in  1840.  In  1852  his 
father  removed  with  his  family  to  Racine,  Wis., 
and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  place.  Here  young  Stearns  was  fitted  for 
college  at  the  Racine  High  School.  In  1854  he 
entered  the  Freshman  class  at  Harvard  University. 
Mass.,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  \XIV). 
In  1865  he  received  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  Latin  in  the  University  of  Chicago.  In  1874, 
having  been  tendered  the  position  of  director  of 
the  National  Normal  School  at  Tucuman,  in  the 
Argentine  Republic,  he  resigned  his  professorship 
in  the  University  of  Chicago  to  accept  one  in  the 
National  Normal  School  in  the  Argentine  Republic. 
Returning  in  1878,  after  having  spent  some  months 
in  Europe,  he  was  elected,  in  August  of  the  same 
year,  president  of  the  State  Normal  College  at 
Whitewater,  Wis.,  the  oldest  and  most  important 
of  her  four  normal  colleges. 

Prof.  .Stearns  published  in  the  North  American 
Beview  for -July,  1800,  "  Homer  and  his  Heroines;" 
in  the  Christian  Revieto  for  1864,  "The  Miltonic 
Deity ;"  and  in  the  Baptist  Quarterly,  "  The  Em- 
peror Marcus  Aurelius." 

Prof.  Stearns  is  a  fine  specimen  of  thorough 
scholarship  and  noble  character.  Ilis  rise  to  emi- 
nence is  the  result  of  hard  study  in  his  early  youth, 
laying  a  thorough  foundation  for  the  future  struc- 
ture, and  subsequent  intense  study  and  application. 
He  is  aesthetic  in  his  tastes,  refined  in  his  ideas, 
and  profoundly  consecrated  to  his  profession.  At 
the  age  of  forty  years  he  has  succeeded  in  taking  a 
place  in  the  front  rank  of  American  educators. 

Stearns,  Rev.  Myron  N.,  was  an  earnest,  able, 
and  evangelical  missionary,  pastor,  and  preacher 
in  Oregon.  He  was  burn  at  Monkton,  Vt.,  Jan.  1, 
1812,  and  was  baptized  at  the  age  of  seventeen  in 
Essex,  N.  Y.  Having  a  great  desire  to  preach  the 
gospel,  he  obtained  a  good  education  at  Brown 
University  and  at  Denison,  O.  lie  served  for 
some  years  successively  the  churches  at  London- 
ville,  0.,  Jericho,  A't.,  and  Plattsbiirg.  N.  Y.  In 
1854  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Table  Rock  church, 
Oregon,  where  he  was  pastor  four  years.  In  1858 
he  accepted  the  position  of  principal  of  the  Rose- 
burg  Academy.  Two  years  later  he  settled  upon 
a  farm  in  order  to  support  his  family,  preaching 
nearly  every  Lord's  day  to  the  poor  in  the  desti- 
tute regions  of  the  State.  In  1864  he  .settled  at 
Oregon  City,  and  gave  himself  wholly  to  the  work 
of  a  missionary  evangelist  until,  in  1867,  lie  re- 
moved to  Santa  Clara,  Cal.,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  in  that  city  until  his  death,  Dec.  29.  1868. 

Stearns,  Oakman  S.,  D.D.,  a  son  of  Rev.  Silas 
Stearns,  was  born  in  Bath.  Mc,  in  1818,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Waterville  College  in  the  class  of  1N40,  and 


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STEAJ^^'s 


at  Newton  in  the  class  of  1846.  He  was  instructor 
in  Hebrew  at  Newton  one  year,  184fi— 47.  Ills 
ordination  took  place  May  19,  1S47,  and  he  became 
piistor  of  the  Baptist  cliurch  in  Soiithbridjte,  Mass. 
The  relation  continued  for  seven  years.  For  one 
year  he  was  pastor  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  then  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  at  Newton  Centre,  where 
lie  remained  thirteen  year.s.  In  1868  he  was  ap- 
pointed l*rofes.-ior  of  Old  Testament  Interpretation, 
which  position  he  now  holds. 

The  dej;rec  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Stearns  in  1863  by  Colby  University,  of 
which  he  is  a  trustee. 

Prof.  Stearns  has  eminent  qualifications  for  the 
position  he  occupies,  and  enjoys  tlie  grateful  love 
of  the  students,  to  whom  his  instructions  have 
been  of  priceless  value. 

Stearns,  Rev.  Orrin  Orlando,  is  a  native  of 
Monkton,  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  where  he  was  Iwrn  in 
February,  1810.  His  childhood  was  spent  in  and 
near  the  place  of  his  birth.  He  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity in  1833,  and  graduated  in  the  cla.ss  of  1837. 
Having,  soon  after  his  conversion,  felt  it  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  Christian  ministry.  Soon  after  graduating 
at  Brown  University  he  received  an  invitation  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Sturbridge, 
Mass.,  and  was  ordained  by  that  church  Sept.  2S, 
1837.  He  held  pastorates  in  New  England  at 
Sturbridge,  Mass.,  and  at  Hancock,  Deertield, 
Milford,  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  at  Thomaston,  Me. 
In  these  pastorates  his  ministry  was  very  much 
blessed,  the  churches  were  strengthened  and  built 
up  in  doctrine  and  practice,  and  numerous  addi- 
tions were  made  to  the  membership.  Mr.  Stearns's 
ministry  in  New  England  was,  however,  several 
times  interrupted  by  ill  health,  requiring  him  to 
abandon  temporarily  the  work  of  preaching.  He 
employed  these  intervals  chiefly  in  teaching.  He 
was  principal  of  the  Hancock  Literary  and  Sci- 
entific Institution  two  years,  and  of  the  Rock- 
ingham Ac;uleray  at  Hampton  Falls  two  years. 
While  principal  of  the  Hancock  Academy  he  also 
served  the  Baptist  churcli  in  Hancock  as  pastor. 
In  1854,  having  received  an  invit;ition  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Racine,  Wis.,  he 
removed  to  that  State.  This  pastorate  continued 
four  years.  In  1858  he  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Winona,  Minn.  At  the  end  of 
three  years,  owing  to  the  failure  of  his  health,  he 
retired  to  his  fiirm  near  Lodi,  Dane  Co.,  Wis., 
which  has  since  been  his  home.  His  health  having 
improved,  in  1863  he  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Lodi,  and  remained  in  that  re- 
lation ten  years,  when  he  retired  from  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry,  having  devoted  thirty-six 
years  to  pastoral  work. 

Mr.  Stearns  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 


the  work  of  education.  During  his  pastorate  in 
Racine  he  was  superintendent  of  schools,  and  has 
acted  in  the  same  position  in  Dane  County,  his 
present  place  of  residence.  One  of  his  sons.  Prof. 
J.  W.  Stearns,  is  president  of  the  Normal  College 
at  Whitewater,  Wis.,  and  another  of  his  sons,  C. 
M.  Stearns,  is  a  professor  in  the  University  of 
Chicago. 

He  is  thoroughly  educated,  and  has  made  e.xten- 
sive  acquirements  in  the  knowledge  of  God's  Word. 
Ahbough  the  full  results  of  his  ministry  cannot  be 
known  here,  enough  fruit  appeared  in  connection 
with  his  work  to  attest  his  eminent  usefulness  as  a 
faithful  servant  of  God,  destined  to  be  crowned 
with  lioiioi-  in  the  day  of  his  Lord's  appearing. 

Steams,  Shubal,  was  bom  in  Bo.vton,  Mass., 
Jan.  28,  1706.  He  was  the  son  of  Shubal  Stearns 
and  Rebecca  Larriford.  About  1745,  Mr.  Stearns 
joined  the  New  Lights,  as  the  converted  Congre- 
gational communities  that  originated  from  the  min- 
istry of  George  Whitetield  in  New  England  were 
designated.  Called  of  God  to  proclaim  the  un- 
searchable of  Christ,  he  speedily  became  a  minister 
among  the  pious  New  Lights,  and  exercised  his 
gifts  among  them  until  1751.  At  this  time,  like 
many  of  his  brethren,  he  was  constrained  by  read- 
ing the  Scriptures  to  accept  believer's  immersion  as 
the  baptism  of  the  New  Testament ;  and  after  re- 
ceiving this  conviction,  as  the  Saviour  alone  was 
his  Master,  he  came  out  boldly  as  a  Baptist.  He 
was  immersed  on  a  profession  of  his  faith,  in  Tol- 
land, Conn.,  by  Rev.  Wait  Palmer,  in  1751,  and  on 
.May  20th  of  that  year  he  was  ordained  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  by  Mr.  Palmer  and  Rev.  Joshua 
Morse. 

Mr.  Stearns  received  an  impression,  as  he  thought 
from  God,  that  there  was  a  great  work  lor  him  to 
do  outside  of  New  England,  and  he  obeyed  what 
was  undoubtedly  a  divine  call,  and  started  in  1754 
for  his  expected  field  of  labor,  lie  bad  no  definite 
section  to  which  he  directed  his  steps,  but  exjiecting 
divine  guidance,  he  was  constantly  looking  out  for 
providential  openings.  He  stopped  for  a  time  at 
Opeckon  Creek,  Va.,  where  there  was  a  church 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  S.  Heton.  Mr. 
Stearns  rested  for  a  short  time  at  Cacapon,  near 
Winchester,  but  anticipating  greater  success  in  his 
ministry  than  he  enjoyed  in  that  place,  he  removed, 
with  his  relatives,  to  Sandy  Creek,  N.  C.  There, 
as  soon  as  he  arrived,  he  constituted  a  Baptist 
church  of  sixteen  persons,  "  Shubal  Stearns  and 
wife,  Peter  Stearns  and  wife.  Ebenezer  Stearns  and 
wife,  Shubal  Stearns,  Jr.,  and  wife,  Daniel  Mar- 
shall and  wife,  Joseph  Brc^'dand  wife.  Enos  Stimp- 
son  and  wife,  and  Jonathan  Polk  and  wile"  being 
its  constituent  members.  Shubal  Stearns  was 
elected  pastor  of  the  infant  church.  These  devoted 
servants  of  God  immediately  built  a  meeting-house 


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for  public  worship.  Daniel  Marshall  and  Joseph 
Breed  were  appointed  to  assist  the  pastor  in  his 
ministerial  duties. 

In  the  rejiion  around  Sandy  Creek  the  people 
knew  notliini;  of  the  Christian  relijjion  except  what 
tliey  had  learned  from  Episcopal  clergymen,  who 
in  that  section,  at  that  time,  were  unconverted  men, 
and  their  irrelijiions  darkness  was  dense.  The  new 
heart  to  them  was  an  unknown  mystery,  ami  paltry 
and  commonly  unpractised  duties,  instead  of  the 
Saviour's  sufferings,  were  the  only  known  means 
of  salvation.  The  instructions  of  Mr.  Stearns  and 
the  godly  lives  of  the  church  members  were  an 
astonishing  revelation  to  their  neighbors.  Soon 
some  of  them  were  called  by  the  Spirit  into  the 
liberty  of  the  gospel,  and  their  ex|ierience  filled 
their  acr(uaintances  with  even  greater  wonder.  A 
mighty  outpouring  of  the  Holy  Spirit  fell  upon  the 
truth  proclaimed  by  the  pastor  and  the  licensed 
preachers  of  Sandy  Creek  church,  and  as  a  result 
throngs  of  converts  surrounded  the  gospel  banner, 
and  mission  comniunities  were  organized  far  and 
near.  The  parent  body  in  a  few  years  had  606 
members,  and  in  seventeen  years  from  its  origin  it 
had  branches  southward  as  far  as  Georgia,  east- 
•ward  to  the  sea  and  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
northward  to  the  waters  of  the  Potomac.  It  had 
become  the  mcitlier,  grandmother,  and  great-grand- 
mother of  fortytwi)  churches,  from  which  \'2i>  min- 
isters were  sent  out  as  licentiates  or  ordained  cler- 
gymen. And  in  after-years  the  power  that  God 
gave  Shubal  Stearns  and  his  Sandy  Creek  church 
in  its  early  years  swept  over  Virginia,  North  Car- 
olina, Georgia,  and  South  Carolina  with  resistless 
force,  and  brought  immense  throngs  to  Christ,  and 
established  multitudes  of  Baptist  churches.  There 
are  to-day  probably  thousands  of  churches  that 
arose  from  the  efforts  of  Shubal  Stearns  and  the 
church  of  Sandy  Creek. 

Mr.  Stearns  traveled  extensively  in  his  own  re- 
gion, preaching  Jesus,  organizing  churches,  and 
giving  counsel  to  the  new  communities  which  were 
formed.  And  his  labors  in  every  department  of 
his  work  were  remarkably  blessed.  Through  him, 
in  175S,  three  years  after  the  Sandy  Creek  church 
was  formed,  the  Sandy  Creek  Association  was  or- 
ganized. For  twelve  years  all  the  Separate  Baiitist 
churches  in  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas  were  mem- 
bers of  this  body.  All  who  were  able  traveled 
from  its  remote  extremities  to  attend  its  annual 
meeting*,  which  were  conducted  with  great  har- 
mony, and  aflbrdeil  such  edification  as  induced  them 
to  undertake  with  cheerfulness  long  and  lalmrious 
journeys.  By  means  of  these  meetings  the  gospel 
was  carried  into  many  new  places  where  the  fame 
of  the  Baptists  had  previously  spread.  As  great 
multitudes  attended  from  distant  places,  chielly 
through  curiosity,   many   of  them   were   charmed 


with  the  piety  and  zeal  of  this  extraordinary  peo- 
ple, and  petitioned  the  Association  to  send  preach- 
ers into  their  neighborhoods.  In  these  Associational 
meetings  Shubal  Stearns  exerted  an  immense  in- 
fluence. Other  men  among  the  Separate  Baptists 
were  conspicuous  for  their  ability  and  usefulness, 
but  in  the  entire  body  in  the  several  States  Mr. 
Stearns  wielded  a  founder's  authority.  Elder  James 
Head,  in  speaking  of  the  first  meeting,  says,  "  The 
great  power  of  God  was  among  us,  the  preaching 
every  day  seemed  to  be  attended  with  God's  bless- 
ing. We  carried  on  our  Association  with  sweet 
decorum  and  fellowship  to  the  end.  Then  we  took 
leave  of  one  another  with  many  solemn  charges 
from  our  reverend  old  father,  Sfnihal  Slearns.  to 
stand  fast  until  the  end.''  This  Association  cm- 
ducted  its  annual  meetings  without  a  moderator 
for  several  years  after  it  was  formed,  which  shows 
the  extraordinary  modesty  of  Mr.  Stearns ;  its  har- 
mony, when  we  remember  that  its  members  and 
ministers  were  nearly  all  new  converts  without  ex- 
perience, proclaims  the  great  power  possessed  by 
Mr.  Stearns  in  its  delilierations. 

The  founder  of  Sandy  Creek  church  "  was  of 
small  stature,  had  a  very  expressive  and  penetrating 
eye,  and  a  voice  singularly  harmonious ;  his  ene- 
mies, it  is  said,  were  sometimes  captivated  by  his 
musical  voice.  Many  things  are  related  of  the  en- 
chanting sound  of  his  voice,  and  the  glance  of  his 
eyes,  which  had  a  meaning  in  every  movement." 
"  He  managed  his  voice  in  such  a  way  as  to  make 
soft  impressions  upon  the  heart  and  bring  tears 
from  the  eyes,  and  anon  to  shake  the  very  nerves 
and  throw  the  physical  system  into  tumults  and 
perturbations.  All  the  Separate  Baptists  copied 
after  him  in  tones  of  voice  and  actions  of  body." 
"  When  the  fame  of  the  preaching  of  Mr.  Stearns 
reached  the  Yadkin,  where  I  lived,"  says  Mr.  Tid- 
ance  Lane.  "  I  had  a  curiosity  to  go  and  hear  him. 
Upon  my  arrival  I  saw  a  venerable  old  man  sitting 
under  a  peach-tree  with  a  book  in  his  hand  and  the 
people  gathering  about  him.  He  fixed  his  eyes 
upon  me  immediately,  which  made  me  feel  in  such 
a  manner  as  I  never  had  felt  before.  I  turned  to 
quit  the  place,  but  could  not  proceed  far;  I  walked 
about,  sometimes  catching  his  eyes  as  I  walked. 
My  uneasiness  increased  and  became  intolerable. 
I  went  up  to  him  thinking  that  a  salutation  and 
shaking  hands  would  relieve  me.  but  it  happened 
otherwise.  I  began  to  think  that  he  had  an  evil 
eye,  and  ought  to  be  shunned,  but  shunning  him  I 
could  no  more  effect  than  a  bird  can  shun  the  rat- 
tlesnake when  it  fixes  its  eyes  upon  it.  When  he 
began  to  preach  my  perturbations  increased,  so 
that  nature  could  no  longer  support  them,  and  1 
sank  to  the  ground."  .Mr.  Lane  afterwards  became 
a  very  useful  Baptist  minister. 

It  is  related  on  the  best  authority  that  "  EIna- 


STEARiXS 


1100 


STEELE 


than  Davis  had  heard  that  one  Jolin  Steward  was 
to  be  baptized  by  Mr.  Stearns  on  a  particular  day, 
and,  as  Steward  was  a  large  man  and  Stearns  of 
small  stature,  he  concluded  that  there  would  be 
some  diversion,  if  not  drowning.  Therefore  he 
gathered  about  eight  or  ten  of  his  companions  in 
wickedness  and  went  to  the  spot.  When  Mr. 
Stearns  began  to  preach  Elnathan  drew  near  to 
hear  him,  while  his  companions  kept  at  a  distance. 
He  was  no  sooner  among  the  crowd  than  ho  per- 
ceived that  some  of  the  people  began  to  tremble  as 
if  in  a  fit  of  the  ague.  He  felt  and  examined,  to 
see  if  it  was  not  a  pretense.  Meanwhile  one  man 
leaned  on  his  shoulder,  weeping  bitterly.  Elna- 
than, perceiving  that  he  bad  wet  his  new  white 
coat,  pushed  him  off,  and  ran  to  his  companions, 
who  were  sitting  on  a  log  away  from  the  congre- 
gation, to  one  of  whom,  in  answer  to  his  inquiry, 
he  said,  '  There  is  a  trembling  and  crying  spirit 
among  them,  but  whether  it  be  the  Spirit  of  God 
or  the  devil,  I  do  not  know.  If  it  be  the  devil,  the 
devil  go  with  them,  for  I  will  never  more  venture 
myself  among  them  !'  He  stood  awhile  in  that 
resolution,  but  the  enchantment  of  Mr.  Stearns's 
voice  drew  him  to  the  crowd  once  more.  He  had 
not  been  long  there  before  the  trembling  seized 
him  also.  He  attempted  to  withdraw,  but  his 
strength  failing,  and  his  understanding  being  con- 
founded, he,  with  many  others,  sank  to  the  ground. 
When  he  came  to  himself  he  found  nothing  in  him 
but  dread  and  anxiety,  bordering  on  horror.  He 
continued  in  this  situation  some  days,  and  then 
found  relief  by  faith  in  Christ."  Mr.  Davis  after- 
wards became  a  successful  minister  of  Jesus.  AVe 
mention  these  two  well-known  cases  as  illustrations 
of  the  extraordinary  power  attending  the  preaching 
of  Shubal  Stearns. 

That  he  had  a  remarkable  voice  and  eye  is  un- 
questionable;  but  he  was  eloquent,  wise,  humble, 
pathetic,  full  of  faith,  and  wholly  consecrated  to 
God,  and  few  men  ever  enjoyed  more  of  the 
Spirits  presence  in  the  closet  and  in  preaching  the 
gospel.  He  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  greatest 
ministers  that  ever  presented  Jesus  to  perishing 
multitudes,  and  one  of  the  most  successful  soul- 
winnors  that  ever  unfurled  the  banner  of  Calvary, 
Had  he  been  a  Romish  priest,  with  as  flattering  a 
record  of  service  to  the  church  of  the  popes,  long 
since  he  would  have  been  canonized,  and  declared 
the  "  patron  saint"  of  North  Carolina,  and  fervent 
supplications  would  have  ascended  to  the  most 
blessed  of  American  intercessors  from  devout  Cath- 
olics, and  stately  churches  would  have  been  dedi- 
cated to  the  holy  and  blessed  St.  Shubal  Stearns, 
the  apostle  of  North  Carolina  and  the  adjacent 
States. 

Mr.  Stearns  died  Nov.  20,  1771,  and  his  remains 
were  interred  near  the  Sandy  Creek  church. 


Stearns,  Rev.  Silas,  was  born  in  Waltham, 
Mass.,  July  26,  1784.  In  the  year  1804  he  was 
baptized  by  Kev.  Dr.  Stillman,  of  Boston,  and, 
impelled  by  the  warmth  of  his  ncwiyfouiul  love 
for  the  Saviour,  he  longed  to  preach  the  gospel 
and  win  souls  to  Christ.  He  spared  no  pains  in 
faithful  preparation  for  the  ministry,  devoting 
such  spare  time  as  he  could  secure  for  several 
years  to  earnest  study,  until,  in  the  judgment  of 
his  friends,  he  was  deemed  to  have  made  sufficient 
progress  to  justify  his  receiving  a  regular  license 
from  the  church  in  North  Yarmouth,  Me.,  to  do 
the  work  of  an  evangelist.  Having  done  good  ser- 
vice for  his  Master  in  Freeport,  Me,,  he  removed  to 
Bath,  then  a  pleasant  town  on  the  Kennebec  River, 
and  there  gathered  a  small  Baptist  church,  which 
was  recognized  Oct.  30.  ISIO.  For  over  thirty  years 
he  preached  to  the  church  in  Bath,  and  was  hon- 
ored and  loved  for  his  great  sincerity  and  un- 
wearied devotion  to  his  work.  It  can  with  truth 
be  said  of  him,  he  was  a  good  man  and  full  of  the 
Holy  Ghost  and  of  faith. 

Steele,  Miss  Anna,  was  the  daughter  of  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  Broughton,  England.  In  early  life 
she  learned  to  cultivate  the  poetical  taste  with 
which  her  Creator  had  endowed  her,  and  she  suc- 
ceeded so  well  that  some  of  her  hymns  have  been 
regarded  by  competent  judges  as  equal  to  the 
sacred  songs  of  Charles  Wesley  or  Augustus  Top- 
lady  ;  and  of  her  psalms  it  has  been  said  that  "  in 
literalness,  smoothness,  and  evangelical  power  they 
may  almost  compare  with  those  of  Dr.  Watts." 

The  first  lines  of  some  of  her  hymns  will  be  rec- 
ognized by  almost  every  Christian  who  speaks  the 
English  language, — ''  The  Saviour  !  oh  what  end- 
less charms,"  '"Come,  weary  souls,  with  sins  dis- 
tressed," "Jesus,  the  spring  of  joys  divine," 
"  Father  of  mercies,  in  thy  word,"  "  He  lives,  the 
great  Redeemer  lives,"  "  The  Saviour  calls,  let 
every  ear,"  "Jesus,  in  thy  transporting  name," 
"  Come  ye  that  love  the  Saviour's  name,"  "Stretched 
on  the  cross,  the  Saviour  dies,"  "  While  my  Re- 
deemer's near,"  '•  How  oft,  alas !  this  wretched 
heart,"  "  Ye  glittering  toys  of  earth,  adieu  !" 

While  her  productions  were  chiefly  devotional, 
she  composed  other  poems  of  great  beauty.  Miss 
Steele  possessed  talents  of  a  high  order,  and  has 
wielded  over  the  hearts  of  Christians  a  vast  influ- 
ence for  more  than  a  century ;  and  such  arc  the 
beauty  and  sweetness  of  her  sacred  songs  that  they 
will  guide  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  Christians 
while  the  Anglo-Saxon  tongue  is  spoken  by  mor- 
tals. She  died  about  1779.  Two  volumes  of  her 
poetry  were  published  during  her  life,  and  a  third 
soon  after  her  death, 

Steele,  Rev,  D,  A,,  A,M,,  was  born  in  Here- 
fordshire. England,  in  1838  ;  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1857  ;  is  a  grad- 


STENNETT 


1101 


STENNETT 


iiate  of  Acadia  Collejte ;  ordained  June  20,  1865, 
at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia:  pastor  at  Cunso,  1865- 
67  :  became,  in  1867,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  churcli 
of  Amherst,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  continues  to 
minister  with  ability  and  success. 

Stennett,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  at  Abingdon, 
County  iif  Bi'rks.  England,  in  166.3.  His  father, 
Kdward  Stennett,  was  a  clergyman  of  some  dis- 
tinction and  of  considerable  suffering  during  the 
Parliamentary  war.  With  the  blessing  of  God 
upon  the  prayers  and  efforts  of  his  pious  parents, 
Joseph  Stennett  was  born  again  in  very  early 
life. 

After  finishing  the  ordinary  branches  of  his  edu- 
cation he  mastered  the  French  and  Italian  lan- 
guages, acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Hebrew 
and  other  Oriental  tongues,  and  successfully  studied 
philosophy  and  the  liberal  sciences. 

He  came  to  London  in  1685.  and  on  the  4th  of 
March.  1690,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Seventh-Day  Baptist  church,  meeting  in  Pinner's 
Hall.  He  preached  on  Sunday  to  other  Baptist 
churches,  but  ho  remained  the  faithful  pastor  of 
the  Pinner's  Hall  church  till  his  death.  His  pol- 
ished manners,  ready  address,  fine  intellect,  and 
extensive  learning  speedily  gave  him  a  high  posi- 
tion among  the  Baptists,  and,  a  little  later,  in  other 
denominations.  At  the  request  of  the  Baptists  he 
drew  up  and  presented  an  address  to  William  III. 
on  his  deliverance  from  the  "  Assassination  Plot." 
This  document  was  highly  commended.  When  he 
published  his  thanksgiving  sermon  for  the  victory 
at  Hoehstedt,  in  1704,  a  nobleman,  without  his 
knowledge,  presented  a  copy  of  it  to  the  queen 
(Anne),  with  which  her  majesty  was  so  pleased 
that  she  sent  a  gift  to  the  eloquent  and  patriotic 
minister.  He  composed  beautiful  hymns,  which 
are  still  used  in  the  cliurches,  which  drew  forth 
commendations  from  .Mr.  Tate,  the  poet  laureate. 
His  version  of  the  "  Songs  of  Solomon,''  and  his 
hymns,  secured  such  a  reputation  for  him  as  a  poet 
and  Hebrew  scholar  that  he  received  an  applica- 
tion to  revise  the  English  version  of  the  Psalms  of 
David.  Dr.  Sharp,  archbishop  of  York,  speaking 
of  this  proposition,  declared  that  "  he  had  heard 
such  a  character  of  Mr.  Stennett,  not  only  for  his 
skill  in  poetry,  but  likewise  in  the  Hebrew  tongue, 
that  he  thought  no  man  more  fit  for  that  work  than 
he."  In  1702,  when  David  Russen  assailed  the 
Baptists  in  his  book  "  Fundamentals  Without  a 
Foundation,  or  a  True  Picture  of  the  Anabaptists," 
Mr.  Stennett  was  invited  to  refute  the  work;  and 
he  accomplished  the  task  with  so  much  learning, 
such  solid  rea.soning.  and  such  an  utter  rout  of  all 
the  forces  of  Mr.  Russen,  that  he  was  satisfied 
never  again  to  meddle  with  the  Baptists.  The 
reputation  he  acquired  by  quieting  David  Russen 
prompted  his  friends  to  secure  his  services  to  write 


a  complete  history  of  Baptism.  He  intended  to 
comply  with  this  service  if  his  life  should  be 
spared,  and  for  some  years  he  collected  materials 
for  it,  but  he  was  unable  to  carry  out  his  design. 

He  was  offered  preferment  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  there  is  rea.son  to  believe  that  he 
could  have  reached  an  exalted  position  in  it,  but 
the  conscience  of  Mr.  Stennett  was  not  for  sale, 
though  all  the  wealth  of  earth  had  been  offered  for 
it.  He  died  July  11,  1713,  His  works,  in  four 
octavo  volumes,  were  published  in  1732,  and  a 
fifth,  containing  his  reply  to  Mr,  Russen,  was  de- 
signed to  follow. 

Stennett,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  London, 
Nov.  6.  1692.  His  educational  advantages,  of 
which  he  made  the  best  use,  were  of  the  highest 
order.  At  fifteen  he  gave  himself  to  the  Saviour, 
and  he  was  baptized.  At  twenty-two  he  entered 
upon  the  Christian  ministry  ;  twenty-three  years 
afterwards  he  came  to  London  .as  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Little  AVild  Street.  Dr.  Gill  preached 
one  of  the  two  sermons  delivered  on  the  occasion 
of  his  settlement  in  London.  At  that  time  he  was 
in  possession  of  splendid  powers,  matured  by  a 
wide  range  of  e.xperience,  and  by  information  from 
all  ages  and  regions.  He  was  among  the  most 
eloquent  preachers  of  the  day,  and  soon  bis  talents 
were  recognized  all  over  the  metropolis  of  Britain. 
He  was  on  agreeable  terms  with  Dr.  Gibson,  bishop 
of  London,  a  true  follower  of  Jesus.  He  was  per- 
sonally known  to  King  George  II.,  who  cherished 
a  warm  regard  for  him.  He  was  an  eloquent  de- 
fender of  the  doctrines  of  grace  against  Socinian- 
ism.  On  behalf  of  the  Dissenting  ministers  of  the 
"  Three  denominations  in  London  (Congregational, 
Baptist,  and  Presbyterian),  on  Oct.  3,  1745,  Mr. 
Stennett  presented  an  address  to  the  king,  con- 
gratulating his  majesty  on  bis  return  to  England, 
on  the  triumph  of  his  arms  in  America,  and  on  his 
successes  on  the  continent  of  Europe,''  The  ad- 
dress also  deprecated  "  the  present  unnatural  and 
rebellious  attempt  to  impose  upon  these  kingdoms 
a  papist  (Charles  Edward)  and  an  abjured  Pre- 
tender,'' 

The  University  of  Edinburgh,  in  1754.  created 
him  Doctor  of  Divinity  on  the  "  recommendation 
of  his  royal  highness  the  Duke  of  Cumberland, 
their  chancellor,"  who  sent  Mr.  Stennett  the 
diploma  by  his  secretary, 

Dr,  Stennett  died  Feb,  7,  1758,  in  the  sixty-sixth 
year  of  his  age.  His  funeral  sermon  was  preached 
by  Dr.  Gill,  and  in  it  he  stated  that  "his  death 
was  a  public  loss,  particularly  to  the  whole  Dis- 
senting interest."  Dr.  Stennett  was  a  Seventh- 
Day  Baptist,  though  pastor  of  a  regular  Baptist 
church.     He  was  the  author  of  eight  small  works. 

Stennett,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Exeter  in 
1727,  and  converted  and   baptized  when   young. 


STEPHENS 


1102 


STEVENS 


Like  his  father,  he  was  a  man  of  superior  talents 
and  of  great  erudition.  Ivimey  ways,  "  His  pro- 
ficiency in  Greeic,  Latin,  and  the  Oriental  tongues, 
and  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  sacred  litera- 
ture, are  so  abundantly  displayed  in  his  valuable 
works  that  they  cainiDt  fail  to  ostahlish  his  reputa- 
tion for  learning  and  j;onius.''  lie  had  been  accus- 
tonicd  to  move  in  the  society  of  persons  of  refine- 
ment, and,  on  entcrin;;  upon  his  pastoral  duties  in 
London,  he  was  remarkable  for  the  ease  and  suavity 
of  his  manners,  for  the  jiond  breedin;:,  the  pol- 
ished lanfjuaj^e,  and  the  graceful  ways  of  the  true 
gentleman.  He  was  frequently  in  company  with 
persons  enjoying  the  highest  social  distinction,  and 
in  such  situations  as  gave  him  an  opportunity  to 
commend  Baptists  and  aid  Dissenters  of  all  denom- 
inations. In  1763  he  was  made  a  Doctor  of  Divin- 
ity by  King's  College,  Aberdeen.  Among  tlie  noble 
men  who  waited  upon  his  ministry  and  loved  him 
with  the  aiffction  of  a  friend  was  John  Howard,  the 
philanthropist.  In  a  letter  from  Smyrna,  written 
to  Dr.  Stennett  Aug.  11,  1786,  Mr.  Howard  says, 
'■  I  bless  God  for  your  ministry  ;  I  pray  Goil  to  re- 
ward you  a  thousandfold.  My  friend,  you  have  an 
honorable  work;  many  seals  you  have  to  your 
ministry." 

The  meeting-house  was  rebuilt  during  the  min- 
istry of  Dr.  Stennett.  He  fell  asleep  in  Jesus  Aug. 
24,  1795,  in  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age.  He 
ministered  to  tlie  Little  Wild  Street  church,  as  a.s- 
sistant  and  successor  to  his  father,  for  forty-seven 
years.  His  father,  Joseph  Stennett,  D.D.,  his 
grandfather,  Joseph  Stennett,  his  greatgrand- 
father, Edward  Stennett,  his  brother,  Joseph  Sten- 
nett, and  his  son,  Joseph  Stennett,  were  all  Baptist 
ministers. 

Most  of  the  works  of  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett  were 
reprinted,  in  17H4,  in  three  octavo  volumes.  In 
1772  he  published  a  work  entitled  "  Kemarks  on 
the  Christian  Minister's  Reasons  for  Administering 
Baptism  by  Sprinkling."  This  was  a  duodecimo 
of  170  pages.  In  1775  ho  issued  a  volume  of  300 
pages,  called  "An  Answer  to  the  Christian  Minis- 
ter's Reasons  for  Baptizing  Infants."  He  was  also 
the  author  of  two  productions  treating  of  appeals 
to  Parliament  by  Protestant  Dissenters  for  relief 
from  persecuting  enactments  ;  these  are  not  found 
in  his  collected  works. 

Stephens  College  is  located  at  Columbia,  Mo., 
and  has  for  years  ranked  among  the  first  ladies' 
schools  of  the  State.  Prof.  R.  P.  Rider  is  the 
principal. 

The  literary  course  is  divided  into  seven  distinct 
schools.  Its  students  are  admitted  to  lectures  in 
the  State  University.  Teachers  of  ability  and  ex- 
perience are  employed.  In  18X0  it  had  14  teachers 
and  170  students. 

Stephens,  James  L.,  was  born  in  Garrard  Co., 


Ky.,  Nov.  17,  1.S15.  His  father  was  of  English  de- 
scent and  his  mother  of  Scotch.  His  father  re- 
moved to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  located  in  Boone 
County.  He  was  a  man  of  culture,  with  a  fine 
library.  His  son,  James  L.,  was  a  clerk,  in  1836, 
in  a  store  in  Columbia,  where  he  has  resided  ever 
since,  except  for  a  short  time.  J.  L.  Stephens  has 
been  a  li'ading  man  in  Central  Missouri  iti  busi- 
ness, educational,  and  religious  interests.  He  was 
active  in  securing  the  location  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity at  Columbia,  and  his  liberal  doiuition  caused 
Stephens  College,  of  Columbia,  to  be  named  after 
him.  Ho  also  contributed  generously  to  William 
Jewell  College,  at  Liberty.  He  was  nominated  fur 
governor  of  Missouri,  and  made  an  honorable 
canvass. 

He  married  Amelia  Ilockaday,  daughter  of  Ju<lge 
J.  O.  Ilockaday,  of  Fulton,  Mo.  Mr.  Stephens  and 
his  family  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and 
to  religious  and  educational  interests  he  gives  much 
of  his  time. 

Sterry,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Roger  and  Aliby 
(Holmes)  Sterry,  was  born  in  Providence,  K.  I.,  in 
1766.  His  father  was  an  Englishman,  but  his 
mother  was  from  Stonington,  Conn.  Related  to 
Gov.  Eenner,  he  had  good  educational  advantages, 
and  studied  for  a  time  in  Brown  University.  He  and 
his  brotlnu-,  Consider  Sterry,  were  eminent  mathe- 
maticians, and  published  a  volume  on  mathematics, 
at  which  time  John  learned  the  printer's  trade. 
Near  1790  he  removed  to  Norwich,  Conn.,  where 
he  established  himself  as  a  printer,  buok-binder, 
bookseller,  paper-maker,  author,  and  publisher. 
On  his  conversion,  after  settling  in  Norwich,  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  in  1800  founded  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  that  city,  of  which  he  was  or- 
dained the  pastor  Dec.  25,  1800.  Under  his  min- 
istry were  revivals  of  power  in  1816,  1817,  and 
1819.  He  was  the  joint  author  with  his  brother  of 
two  mathematical  works,  "The  American  Youths' 
Arithmetic  and  Algebra,"  and  "  Arithmetic  for  the 
Use  of  Schools  in  the  United  States,"  favorably 
noticed  in  England.  He  .assisted  Mr.  Nathan  Da- 
boll  in  his  almanacs,  and  Rev.  William  Northup 
in  preparing  his  hymn-book.  He  invented  the  art 
of  marbling  paper,  and  an  improved  method  of 
bleaching  cottons,  that  was  adopted  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  the  chief  party  in  editing  and  pub- 
lishing T/ie  Trtte  Republican,  a,  paper  that  was 
strongly  Republican  in  doctrine,  and  did  service  in 
securing  the  full  recognition  of  religious  liberty  in 
the  constitution  of  Connecticut.  Mr.  Sterry  was  a 
strong  thinker,  able  writer,  logical  preacher,  de- 
voted Christian,  and  faithful  advocate  of  all  the 
interests  of  the  people.  In  his  day  he  was  an  effi- 
cient toiler  and  wise  leader.  He  died  in  Norwich, 
Nov.  5,  1823,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year. 

Stevens,  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson,  was  born  a» 


STEVENS 


1103 


STEVENS 


Gaspereaux,  Nova  Scotia,  Dec.  2fi,  1S4S.  He  was 
converteii  ami  baptized  in  Wolfville,  Nnva  Scotia. 
He  was  a  giaduate  tVora  Acadia  Colleije  in  June, 
1873  ;,  studied  theology  at  Newton  ;  was  ordained 
at  Kentviile,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1873;  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church,  Fredericton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, in  1878,  whence  he  exchanged  a  useful  and 
happy  pastorate  for  higher  and  unwearying  service 
ill  the  upper  siinc-tiiary,  Marcli  15,  1880. 

Stevens,  Rev.  Carlos  W.,  was  born  in  Sun- 
hiiiy,  Liberty  Co.,  Ga.,  .Sept.  .'30,  1823.  His  parents, 
Oliver  and  Eliza  S.  Stevens,  were  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  and  were  distinguished  for  their 
many  Christian  virtues.  From  early  cliililhdod 
the  fruits  of  his  Christian  training  were  niaiiifested 
in  Carlos's  exemplary  deportment  at  home  and 
among  his  schoolmates.  Truthfulness  and  consci- 
entiousness in  the  discharge  of  every  duty  were 
as  distinctive  characteristics  of  his  youthful  days 
as  of  his  manhood  in  all  the  varied  relations  of 
life.  About  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  age  he  ex- 
perienced converting  grace,  and  his  whole  subse- 
quent life  was  an  illustration  of  vital  godliness. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Wasthourville 
Academy,  and  entered  Franklin  College,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  and  finished  his  course  prepara- 
tory for  the  ministry  at  Jlercer  Univei-sity. 

The  greater  portion  of  his  life  was  spent  in 
preaching  the  gospel  and  teaching,  in  each  of  which 
vocations  he  met  with  commendable  success.  As 
a^ teacher,  his  discipline  was  mild,  yet  decisive ;  as  a 
pastor,  he  was  indeed  the  good  shepherd,  and  he 
secured  the  love  and  ailmiration  of  all  with  whom 
he  as.sociated,  and  by  whom  even  now  his  memory 
is  cherished  with  peculiar  tenderness.  Charity  in 
its  broadest  significance,  that  of  love  for  all,  was 
the  crowning  glory  of  his  life.  In  the  midst  of  his 
usefulness,  and  in  the  vigor  of  his  manhood,  after 
a  short  illness,  he  died,  at  Sjiarta,  Ga.,  Oct.  31, 
18fiG. 

Stevens,  E.  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Liberty  Co., 
Ga.,  Jan.  23,  1S14.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  and  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion. Ilis  appointment  to  the  foreign  mission  field 
bears  the  date  of  .June  27,  18.36.  His  ordination 
took  place  at  Kuckerville,  Ga.,  May  6,  1837,  and  he 
sailed  the  2Sth  of  tlie  October  following  from  Bos- 
ton for  the  East,  arriving  at  Maulinain  Feb.  19, 
1838.  While  studying  the  language  he  preached 
for  a  while  to  the  English  c<uigregation  in  Maul- 
main.  The  theological  school  for  native  assistants 
was  placed  under  his  charge,  and  was  reopened  on 
the  4th  of  March,  1S3'.(,  and  continued  in  active 
operation  until  August,  1841,  when  it  was  sus- 
pended for  want  of  funds  to  carry  it  on,  but  it  was 
reopened  in  the  summer  of  1844.  Dr.  Stevens 
edited  the  lieligious  Herald  for  several  years,  be- 
sides attending  to  all  his  other  duties  as  pastor, 


preacher,  and  teacher.  The  pastorate  of  the  Bur- 
man  church  was  transferred,  in  18.^1,  to  Dr.  \Vade. 
thus  allowing  Dr.  Stevens  to  devote  himself  more 
closely  to  the  completion  of  the  Burmese  dictionary, 
which  was  left  unfini^hedby  Dr.  Judson.  In  18.')4. 
Dr.  Stevens  returned  tn  his  native  land.  He  had 
been  transferred  to  the  Rangoon,  Burman,  mission 
previous  to  his  departure,  and  on  his  return  to 
Burniah,  early  in  1X57,  he  coiiiiiieiiced  again  his 
labors.  A  brick  chapel  was  completed  and  dedi- 
cated Oct.  30,  1859.  Year  after  year  Dr.  Stevens 
prosecuted  his  work  with  untiring  industry  and 
zeal,  and  was  rewarded  by  seeing  the  abundant 
success  of  his  labors.  In  the  early  part  of  1MJ7 
he  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  his  son.  Rev.  K. 
O.  Stevens,  and  wife  to  be  his  helpers.  In  1X75 
he  once  more  returned  to  this  country  to  recuperate 
his  health,  remaining  here  until  the  fall  of  1877. 
He  arrived  in  Rangoon  Dec.  27,  1877,  and  once 
more  resumed'  the  busy  life  he  has  alwa3's  led  in 
Burraah. 

Stevens,  Eev.  George  Dana  Boardman,  the 

pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Blooiningtuii,  Wis., 
is  a  native  of  South  Paris,  Me.,  where  he  was  born 
Sept.  5,  1838.  He  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  at  the 
age  of  twenty,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  graduated  from  Colby  University  in  the  class 
of  1863.  In  January,  1808,  he  came  to  Richland 
Centre,  Wis.,  and  engaged  in  teaching  as  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  public  school  in  that  place.  He  was 
made  superintendent  of  public  instruction  for  Rich- 
land County,  which  position  he  held  for  several 
years.  It  was  through  his  earnest  efforts  that  the 
Baptist  church — the  first  Baptist  organization  in 
the  county — was  organized  in  Richland  Centre,  and 
its  meeting-house  built.  Having  strong  convictions 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  aban- 
doned teaching  and  was  ordained  to  the  work  of 
the  Christian  ministry  by  the  Richland  Centre 
Baptist  church,  April  6,  1871,  and  at  once  became 
the  pastor  of  the  church.  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Bri.sbane 
was  moderator  of  the  council,  and  Rev.  Joel  W. 
Fish  preached  the  sermon.  He  remained  pastor  at 
Richland  Centre  four  years,  building  up  the  church 
and  doing  an  immense  amount  of  pioneer  work  in 
the  county  and  surroiimling  counties.  He  has  been 
for  six  years  the  useful  and  highly  esteemed  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Blnomington.  Wis. 

Stevens,  John,  D.D.,  for  nearly  half  a  century 
identified  with  the  leading  educational  and  mis- 
sionary movements  among  the  Baptists  of  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Townscnd,  Mass.,  .June  6.  1798.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  taken  by  his  father. 
Solomon  Stevens,  a  man  of  the  New  England  type, 
intelligent  and  strong,  to  Middlebury,  Vt..  where, 
in  1817,  he  entered  college,  and  graduated  in  1821. 
After  a  year  of  teaching  as  principal  of  the  Mont- 
pelier    Academy,    though    not    then    a   professing 


STEVENS 


1104 


STEVENS 


Christian,  he  entered  Andover  Theological  Semi- 
nary, where  he  greatly  enjoyed  the  instruction  of 
Moses  Stuart.  lie  had  been  reared  a  Congrega- 
tionalist,  but  being  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Bap- 


J0H\    STEVENS,    D.D. 

tist  doctrines  while  yet  in  the  seminary,  in  1823, 
he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Lucius  Bolles  at  Salem, 
Mass.  In  1825,  at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  Pres- 
ident Bates,  he  broke  off  his  theological  studies,  in 
■which,  by  e.ttreine  assiduity,  he  liad  injured  his 
health,  and  became  classical  tutor  in  Middlebury 
College,  where  he  taught  with  great  success  for 
three  years.  For  another  three  years  he  was  clas- 
sical tutor  in  the  academy  at  South  Reading  (now 
Wakefield),  Mass.  This  position  he  resigned  to  go 
to  Ohio. 

His  first  service  in  Ohio  was  rendered  as  editor 
of  tlie  Baptist  Weekly  Juurnal,  a  new  religious 
newspaper  for  the  Mississippi  Valley,  established 
in  1831.  He  continued  in  this  position  seven  years, 
and  did  a  generally  successful  work  in  the  midst 
of  much  difficulty  and  opposition. — the  Ohio  Bap- 
tists of  that  day  numbering  less  than  10.000,  and 
a  large  proportion  of  them  being  opposed  to  Sun- 
day-schools, missions,  and  an  educated  ministry. 
In  1828  he  became  Professor  of  Moral  and  Intel- 
lectual Philosophy  in  Granville  College.  Dr.  Going 
was  at  that  time  president  of  the  college,  but  as  he 
was  expected  to  give  his  time  to  theological  instruc- 
tion and  public  efforts,  the  main  duties  of  the  pres- 
idency fell  on  Prof.  Stevens.  Much  of  the  early 
success  of  the  college  is  therefore  due  to  him.  In 
1843   he  was  engaged   by  the  American   Baptist 


Missionary  Union  to  be  its  district  secretary  for 
Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  for  the  following  twelve 
years  he  continued  in  this  work,  raising  the  collec- 
tions for  foreign  missions  from  an  annual  average 
of  §962  to  nearly  ?oOOO. 

In  1834  a  society  called  the  Western  Baptist 
Education  Society  was  formed  at  Cincinnati.  Prof. 
Stevens  acted  as  the  secretary  of  this  society  until 
1856,  when  its  work  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society.  He  was  also 
largely  engaged  in  the  establishment  and  support 
of  the  Western  Baptist  Theological  Institute,  which 
was  opened  for  students  at  Covington,  Ky.,  in 
1845,  under  the  presidency  of  Rev.  R.  E.  Pattison, 
D.D.,  and  subsequently,  when  disagreements  oc- 
curred and  a  separation  took  place,  in  the  founding 
of  a  similar  institution  at  Fairmount,  near  Cincin- 
nati. Throughout  all  this  period  he  was  unceas- 
ingly active  both  in  the  cause  of  education  and  of 
missions,  and  made  many  personal  sacrifices  of 
time  and  money. 

In  1859  he  was  made  Professor  of  Greek  and 
Latin  in  Denison  University.  In  1K()8,  the  two 
departments  having  been  separated,  he  took  the 
chair  of  Latin,  which  he  retained  until  1875. 
During  all  these  years  he  maintained  the  fresh 
zeal  and  enthusiasm  of  youth,  and  kept  himself 
fully  abreast  with  the  age.  His  hours  of  leisure 
and  his  vacations  were  spent  in  the  service  of  the 
Education  Society.  In  1875  he  resigned  his  pro- 
fessorship, but  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  trus- 
tees was  continued  a.s  Emeritus  Professor.  Two 
years  afterwards,  April  30,  1877,  he  died  at  the 
house  of  his  son  in  Granville,  after  a  single  day's 
illness. 

Prof  Stevens  was  ordained  in  the  Ninth  Street 
church,  Cincinnati,  in  1844.  In  1873  he  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Roches- 
ter. He  was  married  in  1836  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Deacon  Wm.  Arnold,  of  Charlestown,  Mass.,  a 
woman  rarely  endowed  in  heart  and  mind.  He 
leaves  two  sons,  one,  George  E.,  in  business  in  Cin- 
cinnati, 0.,  and  the  other,  Wm.  A.,  professor  in 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 

Stevens,  Hon.  Thaddeus,  was  bom  in  Peacham, 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  April  4,  1793.  lie  grailuated 
with  honor  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1814.  Here- 
moved  to  York,  Pa.,  where  he  practised  law,  and  soon 
became  a  prominent  man  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  adopted  State.  He  came  to  reside  permanently 
in  Lancaster  in  1842.  He  was  elected  to  the  U.  S. 
House  of  Representatives  in  1848,  and  again  in 
18.50.  He  was  re-elected  in  1858,  and  to  every 
subsequent  Congress  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  Washington,  Aug.  11,  1868. 

Mr.  Stevens  was  for  some  time  the  leader  of  his 
party  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  its 
chief  man  throughout  the  free  States.     Since  the 


STEVENSON' 


1105 


STEWART 


days  of  Henry  Clay  no  man  had  a  larfj;er  or  more 
devoted  throng  of  followers.  They  admirinj^ly 
spoke  of  hira  as  "  The  great  commoner.  " 

He  was  a  member  of  no  church,  but  he  was 
brought  up  in  the  principles  of  the  Baptists  by  his 
godly  mother,  and  tfl  his  hitest  breath  he  pro- 
claimed himself  a  Baptist.  About  twenty  years 
before  his  death,  Mr.  Stevens  and  another  gentle- 
man united,  in  purchasing  a  church  edifice  for  a 
small  Baptist  community  then  organized  in  Lan- 
caster. The  church  had  the  use  of  this  building 
free  until  they  disbanded.  In  his  will  he  left  §1000 
to  the  Baptists  to  assist  in  building  a  meeting- 
house in  Lancaster,  provided  the  work  should  be 
undertaken  not  later  than  five  years  after  his  de- 
cease. In  recording  the  bequest  he  declared  that 
the  gift  was  in  honor  of  his  mother,  to  whom  he 
^vas  indebted  for  his  attainments  and  usefulness. 
"  To-day  there  stands  in  Lancaster  a  beautiful  and 
substantial  meeting-house,  largely  growing  out  of 
Mr.  Stevens's  bequest,"  ami  within  its  walls  a  hope- 
ful Baptist  church  meets  to  worship  God. 

•'  His  name  is  dear  to  the  people  of  Lancaster. 
He  was  very  liberal ;  it  is  commonly  reported  that 
he  never  refused  to  respond  to  the  appeals  of 
any  needy  person."  He  and  President  James 
Buchanan  sleep  in  cemeteries  within  a  few  rods 
of  each  other. 

Stevenson,  Rev.  Samuel,  a  distinguished  edu- 
cator and  friend  uf  Sunday-schools  in  Arkansas,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1815,  and  took  an  irreg- 
ular course  in  Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  where  he 
graduated  in  the  English  course  in  1847.  He  came 
as  a  pioneer  educator  into  the  State  shortly  after  his 
graduation  and  established  at  Arkadelphia  the 
'■  Arkadelphia  Institute,''  the  first  Baptist  school 
in  the  State  ;  was  present  and  participated  in  the 
organization  of  the  State  Convention  in  1848,  and 
liecame  an  active  promoter  of  missions  and  Sunday- 
schiiols  at  a  time  when  these  objects  were  but  little 
understood.  He  was  ordained  after  he  came  to  the 
.*^tate,  and  preached  occasionally.  After  the  war 
he  removed  to  Little  Rock,  and  engaged  in  busi- 
ness.    He  died  in  1S78. 

Steward,  Rev.  Ira  R.,  son  of  Nathan  and  Dru- 
silla  (Rogers)  Steward,  was  born  in  New  London, 
Conn.,  April  3,  1T0.3;  served  in  the  war  of  1812; 
was  converted  in  1816  -,  liaptized  same  year  by 
Rev.  Francis  Darrow,  and  united  with  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Waterford,  Conn.  ;  ordained  deacon 
in  New  London  ;  ordained  in  same  city  to  the 
ministry  March  26,  18.33  :  assisted  Rev.  Roswell 
Burrows,  in  Groton  ;  settled  in  Waterford  and 
Montville;  succeeded  Rev.  R.  Burrows,  in  Groton, 
for  eleven  years  from  1837 ;  in  1842  received  260 
members ;  also  labored  as  an  evangelist  at  Nor- 
wich ;  at  the  solicitation  of  Dr.  Spencer  H.  Cone 
and  others,  settled  with  the  Baptist  Bethel  in  New 


York  City,  and  labored  with  remarkable  success 
for  twenty  years,  and  became  known  over  the 
world  ;  having  in  early  life  been  at  sea,  and  know- 
ing sailors  and  human  nature,  and  having  a  deep 
Christian  experience,  his  ministry  in  New  York 
was  one  of  great  power  ;  "  previous  to  hig  entering 
upon  the  ministry  he  had  memorized  the  entire 
New  Testament  and  a  large  part  of  the  Old  ;"'  re- 
tired from  the  pastorate  in  186.5,  and  died  Dec.  26, 
1867,  aged  seventy-two  years;  was  buried  in  New 
London,  Conn. 

Stewart,  Rev.  Henry  Greene,  was  born  in 
East  Clarendon,  Vt.,  April  2.5,  1811.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1839; 
studied  at  Newton  :  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist 
church  at  Cumberland  Hill,  R.  I.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  about  nine  years.  He  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Seekonk,  Mass.,  in  1859. 
For  eight  years  he  was  in  the  service  of  the  Ameri- 
can and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  At  the  end  of  this 
period  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  in  Warwick. 
During  the  late  war  he  was  employed  by  the 
"  Freedmen's  Bureau,"  and  in  his  official  capacity 
made  extensive  tours  through  the  South  and  West, 
gathering  what  information  he  could  concerning 
the  condition  and  the  wants  of  the  colored  people. 
The  service  he  performed  was  arduous,  but  of  great 
value.  Returning  to  his  home,  he  acted  for  some 
time  as  the  missionary  of  the  Rhode  Island  Bap- 
tist Convention  in  the  destitute  sections  of  the  State. 
His  health  was  seriously  impaired  by  the  hard- 
ships he  had  passed  through  in  his  labors  for  the 
"  Freedmen."  Hoping  that  he  might  be  benefited 
by  a  residence  in  Nevada,  he  secured  an  .appoint- 
ment which  took  him  to  th.at  State.  Scarcely  had 
he  reached  his  new  home  when  he  died,  July  6, 
1871. 

Stewart,  Rev.  J.  L.,  was  born  in  Mississippi 
about  the  year  1S33.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  road  law  at  Chapel 
Hill,  and  was  ordained  in  1864,  Rev.  N.  W.  Wil- 
son, D.D.,  Geo.  W.  Purefoy.  D.D.,  and  T.  II.  Pritch- 
ard,  D.D.,  forming  the  Presbytery.  He  removed 
to  Sampson  County  soon  after  his  ordination, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  and  has  obtained  an 
enviable  reputation  as  a  lawyer  and  preacher,  both 
of  which  professions  he  has  successfully  prosecuted. 
He  has  been  for  years  moderator  of  the  Eastern 
Association,  and  is  one  of  the  best  presiding  officers 
in  the  State. 

Stewart,  WiUiam,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  the  par- 
ish of  Iladilaiii.  Dumfriesshire.  Scotland,  on  July 
27,  1835.  He  studied  at  .Vnnan  Academy  and  the 
University  of  Glasgow,  at  which  latter  institution 
he  obtained  by  competition  two  of  the  highest 
scholarships.  Having  removed  to  Canada,  he  was 
engaged  for  a  time  in  teaching  a  high  school,  and 
when  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  was  opened. 


STIFLER 


IIOA 


STILES 


in  July,  1860,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Clas- 
sics. In  the  same  year  lie  was  adiiiitlej  to  an  ad 
euiidem  deirree  in  the  University  of  Kochestci-.  lie 
has  been  pastor  successively  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Brantford ;  of  the  Bond  Street  church, 
Toronto;  and  of  the  Park  Street  church,  Hamil- 
ton,— three  of  the  larj^est  churches  in  the  province 
of  Ontario.  lie  was  also  for  three  years  editor, 
and  for  nearly  seven  years  editorial  contributor,  to 
the  Canadian  Baptist.  In  1876  Knox  University 
conferred  on  him  the  dejtrce  of  D.D.  In  addition 
to  taking  an  active  part  in  the  societies  charged 
with  tlie  i;reat  work  of  ministerial  education,  for- 
eiiin  missions,  and  homo  missions,  for  each  of 
which  he  has  at  times  been  secretary.  Dr.  Stewart 
has  published  several  pamphlets  and  discourses, 
amon<;  which  are  a  prize  essay  on  the  "  Officers  of 
the  New  Testament  Church,"  and  a  sermon  on 
'■  Future  Punishment."'  At  present  (September, 
ISSih.  owiii'i  (o  failin;;  ho:iltli,  he  is  in  California. 

Stifler,  William  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Blair 
Co.,  Pa.,  in  1841,  and  left  hume  in  IS57  for  the 
West.  lie  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Shurtleff  Collejre,  Upper  Alt.m,  III.,  in  1858.  lie 
was  converted  in  1859.  On  account  of  interrup- 
tions in  his  course  of  studies  by  time  spent  in 
teacbini;  and  in  the  United  States  service,  he  did 
not  graduate  until  1866  in  the  college  department, 
and  1869  in  the  theological  department.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Pana  Baptist  church,  Pana, 
III.,  in  1869.  In  May,  1872,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa.  In  May,  1876, 
he  became  pastor  at  Cedar  Rapids,  and  in  October, 
1879.  he  became  pastor  of  the  Calv.iry  -Baptist 
church,  Davenport,  where  he  is  now  laboring. 
During  his  ministry  in  Iowa  he  has  been  promi- 
nently connected  with  all  the  denominational  in- 
terests in  the  State,  and  has  rendered  efficient  ser- 
vice, especially  in  the  Sunday-school  work. 

Stiles,  Ezra,  D.D.,  a  C-ungregational  minister 
of  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  1763,  a  leader  of  distinction 
in  his  denomination,  who  was  subsequently  presi- 
dent of  Yale  College,  had  much  to  do  with  the 
charter  of  our  first  American  college. 

Dr.  Manning,  the  first  president  of  Rhode  Island 
College,  now  Brown  University,  arrived  at  Newport 
in  July,  1763.  At  the  house  of  Col.  Gardner, 
deputy  governor  of  the  colony,  and  a  Baptist,  a 
meeting  of  about  fifteen  Baptist  gentlemen  was 
held  to  arrange  about  framing  a  charter  for  the 
new  Baptist  college.  Dr.  Manning  was  requested 
to  prepare  a  sketch  for  examination  on  the  follow- 
ing day,  when  the  brethren  present  should  again 
meet.  At  the  next  meeting  Dr.  Manning's  "rough"' 
draft  was  read,  the  tenor  of  which  was,  that  this 
institution  was  to  be  a  Baptist  one,  but  that  as 
nmny  of  other  denominations  should  be  taken  in 
as  was  consistent  with  the  said  design.     Hon.  Jo- 


sias  Lyndon  and  Col.  Job  Bennet  were  •'  appointed 
to  draw  a  charter,"  with  a  petition  that  it  should 
be  approved  by  the  Legislature,  to  be  laid  before 
the  next  General  Assembly  ;  they,  pleading  inex- 
perience, requested  permission  to  solicit  the  assist- 
ance of  Dr.  Stiles.  Their  request  was  granted, 
and  the  whole  matter  was  left  to  Dr.  Stiles,  after 
he  was  informed  that  "  the  Baptists  were  to  have 
the  lead  in  the  institution,  and  the  government 
thereof  forever,  and  that  no  more  of  other  denomi- 
nations were  to  be  admitted  than  would  be  consist- 
ent with  that."' 

Dr.  Stiles  undertook  the  matter,  and  received 
some  help  from  Mr.  William  Ellery.  The  day 
when  the  charter  was  to  be  read  to  its  Baptist 
friends  Dr.  Manning  had  to  sail  for  Halifax,  so 
that  he  could  not  remain  long  enough  to  see  that 
the  intentions  of  the  founders  of  the  proposed 
college  were  carried  out.  Besides,  the  document 
was  difficult  to  understand  without  careful  exami- 
nation. The  corporation  of  the  projected  college 
was  to  consist  of  trustees  and  fellows,  and  these 
boards  were  ■"  to  sit  and  act  by  distinct  and  sepa- 
rate powers."  The  Baptists  thought  that  the  trus- 
tees were  "  the  principal  branch  of  authority,  and 
as  it  was  provided  that  nineteen  out  of  thirty-five 
were  to  be  Baptists,  the  Baptists  were  satisfied." 
without  a  proper  examination  of  the  deceptive  docu- 
ment. But  Dr.  Stiles  had  so  "  artfully  constructed 
the  charter  as  to  throw  the  power  into  the  fellows' 
hands,  whereof  eight  out  of  twelve  were  Presby- 
terians, usually  called  Congregationalists,  and  that 
the  other  four  might  be  of  the  same  denomination 
for  aught  that  appeared  in  the  charter  to  the  con- 
trary." 

When  the  charter  came  before  the  Assembly, 
and  a  vote  w.as  demanded,  Daniel  Jenekes,  whose 
daughter  Rhoda  was  the  motiier  of  Nicholas  Brown, 
and  who  was  afterwards  chief  justice  of  the  Provi- 
dence County  Court  for  nearly  thirty  years,  de- 
manded time  to  examine  it;  be  was  allowed,  after 
some  opposition,  to  take  it  home  while  the  Assem- 
bly was  at  dinner;  and  comprehending  the  real 
wickedness  of  the  charter,  he  went  to  consult  Gov. 
Lvndon,  who  was  a  Baptist,  and  the  governor 
understanding  its  character  immediately  called  on 
Dr.  .Stiles  and  demanded  why  he  had  perverted  the 
design  of  the  charter.  His  answer  was,  "  I  gave 
you  timely  w.arning  to  take  care  of  yourselves,  for 
we  had  done  so  with  regard  to  our  society"  (de- 
nomination). He  finally  added  that  "he  was  not 
the  rogue."  Mr.  Jenekes  succeeded  in  having  the 
ch.arter  confirmation  postponed  for  that  session, 
"  nolwilhstandiitf/  the  attempts  of  Mr.  Ellery  and 
others  of  the  I'rrslnjto-ians  to  the  contrary."  Before 
the  breaking  up  of  the  Assembly,  by  order  of  the 
house,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  Jenekes,  the  Speaker 
gave  him  the  charter  on  his  promise  that  it  should 


STILLMAN 


1107 


ariLLMAN 


be  forthcoming  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Assem- 
bly. 

Mr.  Jenclies  sliowod  tlie  cliarter  to  many,  and 
loaned  it  to  others  for  examination  ;  and  when  he 
noodeci  it  he  sent  for  it  to  Dr.  Ephraim  Brown, 
who  had  borrowed  it  last,  and  then  to  Samuel 
Niglitingale,  to  whom  he  had  loaned  it;  but  it 
could  not  tie  found,  "  Xeitlier  do  I  know,"  says  Mr. 
Jenekes,  "  to  this  day  what  became  of  it.''  The 
Baptists  prepared  another  charter,  and  when  it  wsis 
presented  to  the  next  Assembly,  it  was  warmly  op- 
posed by  the  Congregationalists  ;  the  charter  in- 
trusted to  Mr.  Jenckes  was  dem.uided,  and  when 
lie  explained  the  way  in  which  it  was  lost  he  was 
rudely  charged  with  secreting  it,  and  with  being 
guilty  of  a  breach  of  trust;  and  such  clamorings 
and  bickerings  came  from  the  enemies  of  the  Bap- 
tists in  the  Assembly  that  they  gave  up  their  efforts 
to  secure  the  confirmation  of  their  charter  for  that 
session.  In  the  mean  time  an  advertisement  was 
posted  up  in  the  most  public  places,  and  the  most 
diligent  efforts  employed  to  secure  the  lost  charter, 
but  it  could  not  be  found  for  nearly  a  century. 
The  new  charter  was  granted  in  1764  "  by  a  great 
majority,"  after  much  opposition  and  many  unjust 
reproaches  against  Mr.  Jenckes.  lie  richly  de- 
served the  abuse  of  the  Congregationalists  of  Rhode 
Island  ;  for  when  they  and  their  religious  leader, 
Ezra  Stiles,  had  determined  to  ^^  confiscate"  by 
stealth  a  Baptist  college  charter,  he  saw  the  treach- 
ery and  frustrated  its  success. 

Strange  to  say,  the  lost  copy  of  Dr.  Stiles's  char- 
ter, for  the  failure  to  return  which  to  the  Assembly 
Mr.  Jenckes  suffered  so  unjustly  in  his  feelings  and 
reputation,  "was  receiilli/  found,"  Dr.  Guild  writes 
in  IS64,  ''  among  the  archives  of  Dr.  Sliles's  church, 
and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  unicersiti/" 
(lirown).  The.se  facts  are  taken  from  statements 
of  Dr.  Manning,  Daniel  Jenckes,  and  Dr.  R.  A. 
Guild  in  '■  Life,  Times,  and  Correspondence  of 
James  Manning,"  pp.  4<')— 19,  52-54,  56. 

Stillman,  Samuel,  D.D. — Among  the  honored 
names  that  have  been  handed  down  to  us  in  the 
annals  of  the  eighteenth  century,  that  of  Samuel 
Stillman  is  not  the  le.ast  worthy  of  mention.  Born 
of  respectable  parents,  in  the  city  of  Friends,  Feb. 
27.  1737,  and  spending  the  first  eleven  j-ears  of  his 
life  in  the  atmosphere  of  that  city,  he  was  sur- 
roundeil  by  influences  that  were  conducive  to  both 
moral  and  intellectual  growth,  and  in  very  early 
childhood  these  infiin-nees  made  noticeable  impres- 
sions upon  his  character. 

In  his  eleventh  year  he  went  with  his  parents 
to  Charleston,  S.  C,  where  was  laid  the  foundation 
upon  which  he  afterwards  built  the  magnificent 
superstructure  of  his  life.  His  teacher,  a  Mr.  Kind, 
was  celebrated  as  an  instructor,  and  under  his 
guidance   he   made  rapid  progress  in  his  studies. 


His  childhood  seems  to  have  been  not  uncommon. 
While  at  times  under  deep  religious  convictions, 
he  was  not  permanently  affected  by  them  until 
he   had   nearly  passed   out  of  his   boyhood.      A 


SAMIEI.     STII.I.MAN,    D.D. 

youth  of  earnest  char.acter,  he  was  not  hasty  in  de- 
ciding the  great  question  that  troubled  him,  but, 
having  decided  it.  he  was  not  slow  in  obeying  the 
Word  of  God  and  the  voice  of  conscience.  He  w.as. 
therefore,  soon  received  by  baptism  into  the  church 
of  which  the  Rev.  Oliver  Hart  was  then  pastor,  and 
under  whose  preaching  he  had  been  converted. 

At  this  time  his  mind  was  directed  towards  the 
work  of  the  ministry,  and  he  determined  to  enter 
at  once  upon  the  preparation  necessary  for  that 
service,  which  seemed  to  him  of  all  others  most 
imperatively  to  demand  his  attention. 

His  theological  studies,  which  he  began  imme- 
diately upon  the  completion  of  his  classical  course, 
were  carried  on  under  the  direction  of  his  pastor, 
and  his  earliest  sermons  were  preached  in  the 
church  of  which  he  was  a  member.  The  first  of 
these  was  delivered  on  the  17th  of  February,  1758. 
One  year  later  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  an 
evangelist.  An  index  to  his  character,  and  the 
impression  he  had  nnide  at  this  early  date,  is 
given  in  the  recommendation  of  the  Charleston 
AssociatioD  of  175S.  wherein  they  speak  of  him  as 
'■  an  orderly  and  worthy  minister  of  the  gospel." 

Soon  after  his  ordination  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  James'  Island,  near  Charleston,  and, 
when  comfortably  settled,  he  visited  Philadelphia, 
and  took  back  with  him  to  his  Southern  home  a 


STILLMAN 


1108 


SriLLMAN 


helpmeet  in  the  person  of  Miss  Morgan,  a  Jaughter 
of  Dr.  Jiihn  Morgan,  a  distinguished  surgeon  and 
professor  of  that  city. 

It  was  at  this  time  also  that  the  degree  of  A.M. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, lie  received  the  same  honor  from  Har- 
vard University  in  1761. 

Upon  his  return  to  James'  Island  he  entered  with 
zealous  spirit  upon  tlie  duties  of  his  pastorate,  but 
his  labors  were  seriously  interfered  with  by  ill 
health.  After  a  year  and  a  half  of  unsatisfactory 
toil,  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his  charge,  and  went 
with  his  family  to  Bordentown,  N.  J.,  at  which 
place  he  preached  for  two  years.  In  October,  1703, 
he  received  an  invitation  from  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  Boston  to  assist  their  pastor,  Rev.  James 
Bound,  whose  health  had  been  impaired  by  a  par- 
alytic affliction.  In  response  to  this  invitation,  he 
left  Bordentown,  became  Mr.  Bound's  assistant, 
and  continued  to  preach  for  the  Second  church 
until  November,  17r>4.  ''when  he  .accepted  an  in- 
vitation to  the  pastoral  office  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Oondy.''  He  was  installed  pastor  of  this  church 
Jan.  9,  I7fi5,  and  here  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
his  life.  Only  once  during  a  pastorate  of  forty-two 
voars  was  he  away  from  his  church  for  any  great 
length  of  time.  "  During  the  occupancy  of  the 
town  by  the  British  troops,  in  1775,  the  church 
was  in  a  dispersed  condition,"  and  Dr  Stillman 
removed  his  family  to  Philadelphia.  In  June, 
1776,  however,  he  returned  to  his  post  of  duty, 
and  gathered  tngether  his  little  flock,  assembled 
them  in  their  house  of  worship,  and  continued 
regular  services  until  the  close  of  the  w.ar.  During 
all  this  time  the  church  was  almost  the  only  one 
in  the  city  in  which  public  worship  was  held.  In 
passing,  be  it  observed,  that  this  meeting-house 
was,  in  1830,  "  t.aken  down,  removed,  and  rebuilt, 
with  a  new  and  neat  finish.''  and  became  the  prop- 
erty of  the  South  church. 

Dr.  Stillman's  ministry  w,is  long  and  reniai-k- 
ably  successful.  Revivals  in  his  church,  of  un- 
usual importance,  were  of  frequent  occurrence,  and 
became  the  subject  of  deep  interest  throughout  the 
country.  Especially  noticeable  were  the  outpour- 
ings of  grace  in  1804  and  ISII.^,  .and  the  Baptist 
Mai/azine  for  those  years  comments  upon  the  won- 
derful dignity  of  the  work. 

Throughout  his  long  pastorate  Dr.  Stillman  was 
not  at  any  time  a  hale,  hearty,  .and  vigorous  man, 
and  yet  he  lived  to  be  the  last  of  his  contemporaries 
in  the  ministrj'  in  and  around  Boston.  .For  a  year 
previous  to  his  death  he  had  looked  forward  to  that 
event,  and  even  desired  his  church  to  call  a  col- 
league, in  order  that,  in  case  of  his  death,  they 
might  not  be  without  a  shepherd.  Nor  were  his 
apprehensions    gi-oundless,   for   before    Mr.  Clay, 


whom  they  invited  to  assist  Dr.  Stillman,  had  com- 
pleted his  arrangements  for  leaving  his  church  in 
Georgia,  the  aged  warrior  passed  to  his  rest. 

His  last  sermon  was  from  Luke  xxiv.  50,  51.  and 
his  theme  was  "The  Saviour's  Ascension."  lie 
had  preached  every  Sabbath  until  within  two  weeks 
of  his  death,  having  had  the  prayer  of  his  life  an- 
swered,— that  his  ministry  and  his  life  might  end 
together.  His  last  sickness  was  paralysis,  and  he 
lived  only  twelve  hours  after  receiving  the  stroke. 
He  died  on  the  12th  of  March,  1807,  and  on  the 
Monday  following,  in  the  meeting-house  where  he 
had  preached  so  earnestly,  services  were  held  over 
his  remains,  at  which  his  old  and  dear  friend  and 
co-worker.  Dr.  Balilwin,  officiated.  The  last  words 
of  Dr.  Stillman  were,  "God's  government  is  infin- 
itely perfect." 

As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Stillman  had  few  peers  and 
no  superiors  in  New  England.  His  church  was 
frequently  visited  by  President  Adams,  Gen.  Knox, 
Gov.  Hancock,  and  men  of  like  prominence.  While 
eminently  practical,  his  sermons  were  sound  in  doc- 
trine, ever  abounding  in  sketches  of  character  and 
striking  in  illustration.  "  Stirring,  eloquent,  pa- 
thetic, impassioned,  graceful,"  all  of  these  adjec- 
tives have  been  employed  by  his  friends  in  endeavor- 
ing to  describe  them. 

As  a  pastor,  he  was  untiring  in  his  devotion  to 
his  work,  declining  to  enter  upon  any  festivity  or 
social  pleasure  which  in  the  least  interfered  with 
his  duties  to  his  church.  His  own  private  interests 
were  ever  secondary  to  those  of  his  flock,  and  even 
for  persons  in  no  wiiy  connected  with  his  ministry 
he  had  at  all  times  a  ready  hearing  and  an  open 
hand. 

In  his  social  relations,  he  was  eminently  popu- 
lar, and  beloved,  aCTectionate  in  his  manner,  of 
that  good-natured  temperament  which  never  fails 
to  win  the  hearts  of  others.  Attentive,  even  to  ex- 
cessive courtesy,  cultured  and  scholarly,  he  was  a 
man  of  whom  all  spoke  well  and  no  one  evil.  Dig- 
nified and  discreet,  he  was  yet  full  of  a  spiritual 
joyousness  that  w.as  exceedingly  refreshing  to  be- 
hold, and  he  was  never  out  of  the  reach  of  those 
who  claimed  his  interest  or  compassion. 

As  a  public  citizen,  he  had  at  heart  the  good  of 
his  country,  and  he  was  never  deaf  to  the  calls  that 
were  made  upon  him  to  take  part  in  her  afl'airs. 
Without  being  a  partisan  in  his  politics,  he  was 
firm  in  his  convictions.  Among  his  numerous  ser- 
mons, published  at  different  times  from  1766  to 
1805,  may  be  mentioned  ''  A  .Sermon  on  the  Repeal 
of  the  Stamp  Act."  1766;  "A  Sermon  on  the  Gen- 
eral Election  in  Massachusetts,"  1779;  "Thoughts 
on  the  French  Revolution,"  1794;  all  of  which  re- 
veal the  deep  interest  which  the  author  felt  in  na- 
tional affairs. 

It  may  be  said  of  Dr.  Stillman.  as  it  has  been 


STIMSON 


1109 


STOCKBRIDGE 


snid  of  few  men,  he  showed  himself  "  approved 
unto  God,  a  workman  that  needeth  not  to  lie 
asliiinii'd,  rightly  iliviiJin;;  the  Word  of  truth." 

Stimson,  Samuel  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Win- 
chenden,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  Feb.  G,  ISl.'j.  He 
came  with  his  parents  into  Western  New  York  in 
1819.  He  was  liaptized  in  1831,  and  became  a 
constituent  member  of  a  Free-Will  Baptist  church 
in  the  township  in  which  he  resided.  In  1.S34  he 
joined  tlie  Pendleton  Baptist  church.  He  was  li- 
censed to  preach  by  it  in  1840,  and  at  once  set 
about  the  work  of  preparation.  He  studied  three 
years  in  the  best  schools  he  could  find  in  that  part 
of  the  country.  In  this  preparation  his  wife  was 
of  great  .service.  He  was  ordained  by  the  Shelby 
Baptist  church  in  184.3.  He  has  been  pastor  of  six 
difl'erent  churches. — Binjrhamton,  Batavia,  and 
Shelby,  N.  Y.,  Brighton,  Mass.,  and  Terre  Haute 
and  Vincennes,  Ind.  He  was  in  Batavia  eleven 
years,  in  Terre  Haute  eight  years.  At  the  close 
of  his  pastorate  in  Terre  Haute  he  took  an  extended 
tour  through  Europe.  lie  was  ap|)ointed  district 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  -Missionary  Union 
in  1873,  which  office  he  still  holds.  He  was  one 
year  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Convention. 
He  presides  with  ability,  and  is  attractive  in  his 
social  (|ualities. 

St.  Joseph  Female  College  is  located  at  St. 
.luseph,  Mo.  The  building  cost  S1UJ,()0().  It  is  on 
an  elevated  site  near  the  city,  and  the  location  is 
healthy.  The  course  of  instruction  is  thorough 
and  extensive.  The  president.  Rev.  E.  S.  Dulin, 
1>.D..  LL.D.,  is  a  man  of  large  experience,  and 
]iopular  as  a  teacher.  The  board  of  trustees  is 
composed  of  leading  men  in  St.  Joseph,  and  in 
Missouri. 

St.  Lonis  Seminary,  for  young  ladies,  is  lo- 
cated in  St.  Louis  County,  seven  miles  from  St. 
Louis.  V\o(.  B.  T.  Blewett,  LL.D..  is  principal. 
The  buildings  are  spacious  and  the  grounds  beau- 
tiful, overlooking  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  This  school 
is  a  Christian  home  for  young  ladies,  under  the 
management  of  most  experienced  teachers. 

St.  Louis,  the  Second  Baptist  Church  of, 

was  nearly  completed  when,  on  -Jan.  3,  1879,  it  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  Not  discouraged  by  the  disaster, 
the  zealous  and  generous  community  for  whose 
worship  it  was  intended  immediately  commenced 
to  rebuild;  and  on  November  6  of  that  year  their 
efforts  were  successful,  and  the  beautiful  structure 
was  solemnly  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  Almighty 
(iod. 

The  house  and  lot  cost  ?21S,000.  The  edifice 
.seats  I3U0  persons.  The  building  is  free  from 
debt.  Dr.  W.  \{.  Boyd  is  the  able  pastor  of  this 
influential  church. 

Stockbridge,  John  Calvin,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Yarmouth,  Me..  -June  14.   1818.     He  was  the  son 


of  Deacon  Calvin  Stockbridgc,  of  the  firm  of  W. 
R.  &  C.  Stockbridge.  merchants,  doing  an  exten- 
sive business  in  Yarmouth,  and  warm  supporters 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place.     He  was  fitted 


JOHN"    C.\LVIX    STOCKBRIDGE,   D.D. 

for  college  at  the  academy  in  his  native  village. 
Entered  Bowdoin  College  in  1833,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years,  and  was  out  of  college  part  of  a 
year.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Junior  class  in 
Brown  University  in  1836;  was  hopefully  con- 
verted in  his  Senior  year,  and  baptized  at  Yar- 
mouth in  August,  1838,  by  Rev.  Z.  Bradford  : 
graduated  September,  1838.  He  took  charge  of 
an  academy  in  Cummington,  Mass.,  for  six  months, 
and  then  became  principal  of  the  Ladies"  Seminary 
in  Warren,  R.  I.,  which  position  he  filled  for  two 
and  a  half  years.  In  the  autumn  of  1841  he  entered 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  took  the 
full  three  years'  course.  He  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  W'aterville, 
Me.,  in  September.  1844,  and  was  ordained  .Ian.  S. 
184.3,  Prof.  -I.  R.  Loomis,  now  ex-President  Looniis, 
late  of  Lcwisburg  University.  Iieing  ordained  at 
the  same  time.  He  remained  pastor  of  the  Watcr- 
ville  church  three  years,  when  he  resigned  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in  Woburn, 
Mass.  His  ministry  in  this  place  was  greatly 
blessed,  and  large  accessions  were  made  to  the 
church.  .\t  the  end  of  five  years  he  was  inviteil 
to  take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  during  the  absence  of  its  pastor,  Rev. 
Dr.  Granger,  who,  with  Rev.  Dr.  Peck,  had  b^en  ap- 
pointed as  a  deputation  to  visit  the  stations  of  the 


SECOND    UAI'TIST    ClUlic'll.    ST.    I-OIIS.    MO. 


STOCKBRIDGE 


111] 


SrODDAIiD 


Missionary  Union  in  the  East.  He  entered  upon  his 
work  in  September,  ISVJ.  Before  the  return  of  Dr. 
Granger  he  receiveil  a  call  from  tlie  Charles  Street 
Baptist  church,  Boston,  to  take  the  place  made 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp.  He  ac- 
cepted it,  and  was  publicly  recognized  as  pastor 
Oct.  23,  1853.  He  remained  in  this  position  until 
the  last  Sabbath  in  Jlay,  1S61.  For  a  year  or  two 
he  .supplied  different  cliurches,  and  for  nearly  two 
years  was  pastor  of  the  Cary  Avenue  church  in 
Chelsea,  Mass.  Impaired  health  led  him  to  give 
up  all  ministerial  work  and  for  six  months  to  travel 
in  Europe.  Returnin";  home,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Free  Street  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me., 
and  he  commenced  his  labors  Nov.  1,  ISO.').  In 
the  autumn  of  l!S07  he  removed  to  Providence,  to 
take  cliarse  of  a  young  ladies'  private  school,  of 
which  Prof.  J.  L.  Lincoln  had  been  the  principal 
for  eight  years,  and  continued  in  this  position  for 
ten  years,  preaching  nearly  the  whole  of  this  time, 
and  acting  as  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  church 
in  Providence  between  two  and  tliree  years.  The 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  con- 
ferred on  Dr.  Stockbridge  by  Harvard  College  in 
1859.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  corpora- 
tion of  Brown  University  in  1856.  He  compiled 
the  memoirs  of  Rev.  Baron  Stow,  D.D.,  has  written 
articles  for  the  Christian  Review  and  the  Jii/iliul/iei-a 
Scirva,  and  has  been  a  constant  contributor  to  the 
religious  and  secular  press.  His  travels  in  Europe 
have  aflbrded  him  themes  for  lectures,  which  he 
has  delivered  in  various  cities  and  villages  in  the 
United  States.  His  residence  is  in  Providence, 
R.  I. 

Stockbridge,  Joseph,  D.D.,  TI.S.N.,  was  born 
in  Yarmouth,  Me.,  in  I81I.  He  pursued  his  pre-  i 
paratory  studies  at  the  academy  in  his  native  vil-  i 
lage,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  in  the  ' 
class  of  1830.  He  studied  law  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and  practised  his  profession  for  a  few  years 
in  his  native  State,  and  then  took  up  his  residence 
in  New  York,  where  he  became  a  Christian.  Having 
decided  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  spent  two  years 
at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  Among 
his  classmates  there  were  Rev.  Drs.  A.  H.  Granger, 
G.  W.  Samson,  II.  G.  Weston,  and  President 
M.  B.Anderson,  of  Rochester  University.  Having 
received  an  appointment  as  chaplain  in  the  U.  S. 
navy,  he  was  ordained  in  New  York  in  1842,  the 
sermon  being  preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  William  R. 
Williams,  from  the  appropriate  te.xt.  Acts  xxvii. 
24,  "God  hath  given  thee  all  them  tliat  sail  with 
thee.  "  In  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties  Dr. 
Stockbridge  has  visited  many  parts  of  the  earth, 
and  occupied  several  stations  as  ch.iplain  on  land. 
He  has  also  had  intimate  connections  with  the 
public  press,  both  religious  and  secular.  As  a  cor- 
respondent of  The  Watchman,  under  the  signature 


of  "  Mallah,"  he  has  furnished  a  large  amount  of 
matter,  especially  in  the  form  of  interesting  and 
instructive  letters  from  foreign  lands.  He  Inw 
made  himself  especially  conspicuous  in  resisting 
the  tendency  to  appoint  su  many  chaplains  from 
the  clergy  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  claiming  that 
under  a  government  having  no  state  church  the 
leadingdenominations  of  Christians  may  rea.sonably 
demand  a  proper  share  of  representation  among  the 
chaplains  of  the  navy.  In  1868  he  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Western 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  now  (1881)  in  Europe,  having 
been  placed  on  the  retired  list. 

Stocks,  Judge  Thomas,  a  most  useful  and  in- 
fluential Baptist  deacon,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1786,  in 
an  Indian  fort  in  Greene  (.'o..  Ga.  His  father  died 
ten  years  after,  and  he  was  brouglit  up  by  an  uncle. 
In  1807  he  married  and  settled  in  Greene  County. 
In  1813  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Geor- 
gia, in  which  he  served  twenty  years,  eight  as  a 
representative  and  twelve  as  a  senator,  acting  as 
president  of  the  senate  for  eight  years.  For  thirty- 
two  years  he  was  judge  of  the  Inferior  Court  of 
Greene  Co.  He  was  converted  in  1826,  united  with 
the  church,  and  ever  after  continued  an  earnest, 
zealous,  liberal,  and  influential  Baptist.  He  wiis 
appointed  on  the  executive  committee,  in  1829,  to 
raise  the  money  for  founding  Mercer  Institute,  and 
was  largely  instrumental  in  its  establishment.  For 
ten  years,  from  1847  to  1856,  inclusive,  he  was 
president  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  for 
years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University;  and 
few  men  in  the  denomination  did  more  than  he  to 
advance  education,  missions,  and  the  Bajitist  cause 
generally  in  the  State.  He  died  at  his  old  home  n 
Greene  County,  greatly  beloved  and  highly  ven- 
erateil  by  the  whole  denomination. 

Stockwell,  Deacon  E.  R.,  is  one  of  the  most 
widely  known  and  influential  Baptist  laymen  in 
California.  He  was  born  of  Baptist  parents,  Dec. 
13,  1814,  at  Jamaica,  Vt. ;  removed  to  Stockton, 
Cal.,  at  an  early  day  ;  united  with  the  church  by 
baptism  in  1857  ;  elected  deacon  in  1858  :  has  been 
church  treasurer  and  clerk  many  years,  treasurer 
of  San  Francisco  Association  twelve  years,  super- 
intendent of  Sunday-school  ami  deacon  of  cimieli 
twenty-one  years,  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  State  Sunday-School  Convention 
eleven  years,  and  is  a  generous  beneractor  and 
helper  of  every  good  work.  He  has  been  a  su.- 
cessful  merchant,  and  endeavors  to  live  as  a  laiih- 
ful  steward.  It  is  his  great  delight  to  engage  in 
revivals  and  to  lead  sinners  to  Christ. 

Stoddard,  Rev.  I.  J.,  D.D.,  was  born  In  ls2o. 

in  Eden,  N.  Y.  ;  entered  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Madison  University  in  1839  ;  graduated 
from  college  in  1845,  and  from  the  theological  de- 
partment in    1847.      He   and   his  wife  sailed  tor 


STONE 


1112 


sroNE 


Assam  N^-y.  3,  1847.  They  were  assigned  to  Now- 
gong,  w'th  special  reference  to  the  educational  in- 
stitution there,  but  Mr.  Stoddard  also  |ireacliod  ex- 
tensively. Ill  health  compelled  a  return  to  America 
in  1856.  lie  has  rendered  important  service  in  the 
West  to  foreign  missions,  and  also  to  the  Central 
University  at  Pella,  Iowa,  where  Mrs.  Stoddard 
was  chosen  principal  of  the  ladies'  department  in 
1858.  In  18riG,  leaving  their  children  in  America, 
they  sailed  again  for  Assam,  expecting  to  spend 
the  rest  of  their  lives  in  that  land.  They  were 
stationed  at  Gowahati,  but  when  that  wonderful 
work  commenced  among  the  Garos,  Mr.  Stoddard 
removed  to  Golvalpara,  where  he  gathered  many 
souls  to  Christ  from  that  wild  people, — a  work  not 
excelled  up  to  that  time  in  any  of  our  mission  fields. 
Ill  health  in  1871  again  compelled  Airs.  Stoddard"s 
return  to  America,  and  for  the  same  reason,  a  few 
years  later,  Mr.  Stoddard  was  obliged  to  give  up 
his  work  and  return  to  his  native  land.  Though 
in  feeble  health  he  continued  to  do  good  service  for 
the  cause  of  Christ.  He  resides  at  Pella,  Iowa, 
and  though  unable  to  engage  in  any  continuous 
labor,  he  feels  the  same  interest  in  the  foreign  mis- 
sion work  which  prompted  a  consecration  of  his 
life  to  it  nearly  forty  years  ago. 

Stone,  George  Marvin,  D.D.,  son  of  Marvin 
E.  and  ll:inn;ih  (West)  Stune,  was  born  at  Strungs- 
ville,  0.,  Dec.  10,  1834  ;  converted  in  Cleveland, 
0.,  in  the  meetings  of  the  Second  Baptist  church. 
Rev.  J.  Hyatt  Smith,  pastor,  and  "  Uncle  .John 
Vassar,  missionary,"  in  1853;  studied  at  Williston 
Seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  in  1854 ;  entered 
Madison  Univei-sity,  and  graduated  in  18.58 ;  studied 
for  the  ministry  in  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary ; 
settled  in  Danlmry,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained  in 
September,  ISGO;  served  this  church  seven  years, 
and  in  the  last  year  baptized  more  than  ninety  per- 
sons ;  in  September,  1867,  settled  with  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Winona,  Minn. ;  served  it  success- 
fully two  years  ;  in  1870  became  pastor  of  the  -Jef- 
ferson Street  Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee,  AVis. ; 
was  prospere<l  for  tliree  and  a  half  years  ;  Septem- 
ber, 1873,  settled  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Tar- 
rytown,  N.  Y. ;  served  seven  years  with  marked 
hontir;  made  public  Bible-reading  a  specialty  and 
a  power;  in  June,  1879,  settled  with  the  Asylum 
Avenue  Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  Conn.  ;  re- 
ceived in  1872,  from  Chicago  University,  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  fills  most 
worthily  a  prominent  place  in  the  ministry. 

Stone,  James  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Westbor- 
ough,  Mass.,  in  1818.  His  father  was  of  Puritan 
stock.  His  mother's  father,  .James  Ilawes,  was 
the  first  person  baptized  in  Westborough.  When 
he  was  three  or  four  years  old  his  father  removed 
to  Providence,  R.  I.  In  a  diary  kept  by  his  grand- 
mother may  be  found  this  entry,  made  while  he 


was  yet  a  child  :  "  My  son  Thomas  and  his  wife 
and  children  are  with  us  to-night;  and  after  the 
little  ones  were  asleep  I  went  to  their  bedside,  and 
kneeling  down,  with  my  hands  on  their  heads, 
prayed  for  their  early  conversion  to  God,  and  that 
the  Lord  would  make  James  a  minister  of  the 
gospel."  Her  prayer  was  answered,  for  no  sooner 
did  he  give  himself  to  the  Master  than  he  began 
to  wish  that  he  might  become  a  minister.  He  was 
baptized  in  1833  by  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Rev.  R.  E.  Pattison.  D.D.  His  purpose 
was  to  complete  a  course  of  study  in  Brown  Uni- 
versity and  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  but, 
after  two  years'  study  at  Brown,  he  was  obliged  to 
leave. 

He  taught  a  select  school  in  AVoonsoeket,  R.  I., 
and  afterwards  went  to  Wickford.  R.  I.,  to  take 
charge  of  Washington  Academy.  AV'hile  here  he 
occasionally  supplied  the  church,  and  at  length  be- 
came the  pastor  of  the  Wickford  church.  He  was 
ordained  in  1839,  Rev.  John  Dowling,  D.D.,  preach- 
ing the  sermon.  Years  subsequently  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Stewart  Stieet  church.  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  and  spent  several  years  in  the  work 
there. 

He  has  had  pastorates  in  Connecticut,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Rhode  Island,  and  was  also  for 
two  years  principal  of  the  academy  at  Worcester, 
Mass.  In  1864  he  accepted  a  district  secretaryship 
from  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  for 
West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Michigan,  and 
proved  himself  a  most  earnest  worker.  In  1869 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.,  where,  "  having  obtained  help  of  God, 
he  continues  unto  this  day." 

He  has  been  several  times,  and  is  now,  president 
of  the  Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  the 
Indiana  State  University. 

Stone,  Rev.  Luther,  is  a  descendant  in  the 
sixth  generation  from  Gregory  Stone,  who  came  to 
Massaclinsetts  in  1634.  He  was  born  at  Oxford, 
near  Worcester,  Sept.  26,  1815.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  was  employed  as  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  own  town,  acquiring  meantime  con- 
siderable proficiency  in  such  studies  as  astronomy, 
natural  philosophy,  and  surveying.  About  this 
time  he  experienced  religion,  and  entering  Leices- 
ter Academy,  began  his  preparation  for  college.  He 
entered  Brown  University  in  1835,  graduating  in 
1839.  Thence  he  went  to  Newton  Theological  In- 
stitution, where  he  graduated  in  1842.  Declin- 
ing the  offer  of  teacher  in  a  Southern  univer- 
sity, he  determined  to  become  a  self-supporting 
missionary  in  the  great  Mississippi  Valley.  Re- 
ceiving ordination  Oct.  3.  1843,  he  started  for  the 
West,  and  reached  the  great  river  in  May,  1844. 
Making  his  headquarters  at  Burlington,  Davenport, 


STONK 


1113 


STORllS 


ami  Ruck  Islaml,  he  preaiOiiMl  in  the  surrounding 
country,  travelinj^  over  4(K)i)  miles  to  meet  liis  ap- 
piiiiitinents  ilurini^  the  first  year.  'I'lic  second  year 
he  spent  on  Hock  Uiver  from  its  mouth  into  Wis- 
consin. There  being  great  need  of  a  Baptist  paper 
for  the  West,  he  determined  to  undertake  that 
enterprise,  and  Aug.  10,  1847,  he  began  the  issue 
at  Cliicago  of  a  weekly  called  The  Wntclniiitii  <//' 
Ihi:  I'rairies.  In  lcS5^>  he  traiislcrrcd  the  propric;- 
torship  of  the  paper  to  those  who  have  since  con- 
ducted it,  as  the  oldest  religious  weekly  in  the 
Northwest.  In  1863  he  was  an  originaj  trustee 
and  the  first  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Theological 
Union  at  Chicago.  Subsecjuently,  by  purchasing 
thi'  grounds  and  buildings  of  the  University  of 
Dcs  Moines,  he  was  enabled  to  render  useful  service 
to  that  institution  at  a  time  of  a  financial  crisis  in 
its  affairs.  The  years  bSGfi-OS  he  spent  in  Kurope, 
and  since  his  return  devotes  himself  to  the  care  of 
his  personal  estate,  and  to  study  in  various  depart- 
ments of  religious  and  general  culture. 

Stone,  ]ffarsena,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Homer, 
N.  Y'., -Jan.  li",  ISlO;  converted  under  the  minis- 
try of  Rev.  Alfred  Bennett  in  1830,  and,  after  two 
years  of  hesitation  and  self-examination,  was  bap- 
tized at  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  by  Rev.  Charles  Morton  ;  he 
spent  some  time  at  Hamilton.  In  1837  he  entered 
the  ministry,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Mendon,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  1840, 
when  he  went  to  Mount  Morris,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
pastor  for  five  years.  After  a  sliort  interval  spent 
in  the  service  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Education 
Society  and  in  supplying  the  cliurch  at  Eaton,  in 
October,  1847,  he  went  to  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
pastor  there  until  1802,  when  he  was  called  to  take 
charge  of  the  English  course  in  Fnirmount  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Cincinnati,  0.  This  position  he 
resigned  in  18.51),  and  bei^ame  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Lebanon,  O.,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  From  bSOl  to  181)8  he  was  principal  of  the 
Young  Ladies'  Institute  and  Professor  of  Theology 
at  Granville,  O.  In  1868-69,  through  the  munifi- 
cence of  Hon.  J.  M.  Iloyt  and  Mr.  E.  Thresher,  he 
spent  a  year  holding  ministers'  institutes  in  Ohio 
and  other  States.  From  1869  to  1872  he  was  pas- 
tor at  Marietta,  O.  In  1872  he  was  sent  South  by 
till'  Home  Mission  Society  to  hold  institutes  among 
the  colored  preachers.  He  spent  one  year  at  Shaw 
University,  Kalcigh,  N.  C,  and  two  years  at  Leland 
University,  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1878  retired  to 
Lebanon,  O.,  where  lie  now  resiiles. 

Dr.  Stone  has  <]one  much  hard  and  good  work, 
and  is  worthily  regarded  as  one  of  the  strongest 
men  of  his  adopted  State.  He  takes  an  active  part 
in  the  educational  and  other  work  of  the  denomina- 
tion in  Ohio,  and  is  ever  ready,  notwithstanding  the 
weight  of  years,  to  perform  his  full  sliarc  of  service 
for  Christ. 
71 


Stone,  0.  B.,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Homer,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  24,  1823.  In  the  fellowship  of  that  church 
he  was  baptized  while  still  but  a  youth,  and  by  it 
abso  lie  was  licensed.  Ho  was  ordained,  in  18.')2, 
at  Xenia,  0.  Having  served  the  church  there  as 
pastor  some  two  years,  he  went  to  California,  under 
appointment  of  the  Home  Mission  Society.  Four 
years  he  was  pastor  at  Nevada  City  and  five  years 
at  San  Jose.  Returning  East,  he  served  three 
years  as  district  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
Society  in  New  York.  His  subsequent  pastorates 
have  been  three  years  at  Lafayette,  Ind.,  two  years 
at  Rockford,  111.,  four  at  Marengo  and  four  at 
Bloomington,  in  the  same  State.  His  health  and 
that  of  his  wife  having  faileil,  he  is  not  now  in  ser- 
vice, though  residing  at  Bloomington.  Dr.  Stone 
was  a  graduate  of  Madi.son  University  and  of  the 
Rocliester  Theological  Seminary.  He  has  held 
important  positions  in  connection  with  educational 
organizations,  as  a  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
university  and  seminary  at  Chicago  and  of  Shurt- 
leff  College.  While  his  health  permitted  bis  labors 
were  constant,  abundant,  and  fruitful.  As  preacher 
and  pastor  he  ranks  with  the  foremost  in  the 
West. 

Storrs,  Rev.  William,  now  of  Belmont.  .Vlle- 
gany  Co.,  N.  Y..  was  born  in  the  town  of  Worces- 
ter, Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  20,  1810.  He  obtained 
hope  in  the  Saviour  when  he  was  about  eight  years 
old.  In  his  eleventh  year  he  first  had  a  desire  to 
preach  the  gospel,  and  this  has  been  a  prevailing 
inclination  throughout  bis  life.  In  April,  1827,  his 
father  removed  his  family  to  Franklinville,  Catta- 
raugus Ci).  March  27,  1831,  be,  with  others,  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  EUicottville,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  by  Elder  Elienczer 
Vining.  April  18,  1841,  he  received  a  license  from 
the  East  Worcester  church  to  |ireach.  He  com- 
menced the  work  of  his  life  that  spring  in  the 
meeting-house  in  East  Worcester,  where,  twenty 
years  before,  he  first  felt  a  desire  to  preach. 
March  8,  1843,  he  was  ordained  in  the  Baptist 
church  in  Cherry  Valley.  During  the  thirty-eight 
years  of  his  ministry  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  fol- 
lowing Baptist  ehurches:  Lodi,  Bern,  Knox.  Friend- 
ship, Iluinphrey,  Oramel.  Belfast.  Hermitage,  Rich- 
burg,  West  Almond,  N.  Y.,  and  Ulysses,  Pa.  Ho 
has  been  engaged  in  several  revivals,  in  some  of 
which  the  number  reclaimed,  with  those  who  pro- 
fessed conversion,  amounted  to  a  hundred  or  more. 
In  1861  he  joined  the  Union  army,  and  is  now  a 
chaplain  in  the  Grand  -Vriny  of  the  Republic.  He 
is  descended  from  Puritan  ancestors  in  England. 
In  consequence  of  religious  intolerance,  Samuel 
Storrs  came  to  Barnstable,  Mass.,  about  1663. 
About  1698  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  Conn.,  and 
became  one  of  the  nine  constituent  members  of  the 
First   Congregational    church,    from    whom    there 


sroTv 


1114 


STOUT 


has  been  a  line  of  ministers  reachinj;  down  to  tlie 
present  time.  From  him  Mr.  Storrs  is  descended. 
Thougli  sprung  from  men  who  sliowed  tlieir  loyalty 
to  Christ  in  times  of  trial  in  the  Old  World  and  in 
the  New,  and  who  exhibited  fidelity  to  patriotism 
sit  Bunker  Hill  and  elsewhere,  he  glories  chiefly  in 
Ills  sonship  ti>  God  thrmigh  the  blood  of  Calvary. 

Stott,  William  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Vernon, 
liid.,  March  22,  1830.  In  ISGl  he  graduated  at 
Franklin  College,  Ind.,  having  during  his  college 
ciiurse  supported  himself  by  his  own  exertions, 
while  maintaining  a  high  standing  in  his  studies. 
Ill  August,  1801,  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  was 
f;radually  promoted,  until  he  became  captain  of 
Co.  I,  18tli  Ind.  Vols.  lie  took  part  in  fifteen  bat- 
tles, and  commanded  his  regiment  in  the  battle  of 
Cedar  Creek.  In  1865  he  entered  Rochester  Theo- 
logical Seminary  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Chris- 
tian ministry,  graduating  in  1808.  He  was  for  a 
year  pastor  of  the  church  in  Columbus,  Ind.  In 
1809  he  iiccepted  the  chair  of  Natural  Science  in 
Franklin  College,  and  in  1872  he  became  president 
of  this  institution.  In  the  several  positions  which 
he  has  held  he  has  exhibited  breadth,  clearness, 
fidelity,  per.severance,  and  a  high  moral  purpose. 
In  1873  he  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Kala- 
mazoo College,  Mich. 

Stott,  Rev.  William  T.,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Wood- 
ford Co.,  Ky.,  in  1789.  He  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  thirteen,  and  joined  the  Salt  River  Baptist 
church.  He  came  to  Indiana  in  1815,  and  was  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Vernon  church. 
He  was  pastor  of  this  church  about  fifty  years. 
He  always  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  civil  govern- 
ment, never  allowing  an  election  of  importance  to 
occur  without  depositing  his  ballot.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  social  power,  and  a  preacher  of  marked 
ability  in  his  prime.  He  was  very  familiar  with 
the  Word  of  God,  and  hence  was  immovable  in  his 
religious  beliefs.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812.  He  and  Rev.  John  Vauter  surveyed  the  first 
road  laid,out  from  Madison  to  Indianapolis.  About 
1000  persons,  according  to  his  own  estimate,  were 
converted  under  his  preaching  and  baptized  by  him. 
He  was  unconscious  several  weeks  during  his  last 
illness,  but  he  luid  one  hour  of  consciousness,  in 
which  he  related  his  Christian  experience,  gave 
cheering  words  to  each  one  that  stood  around  him, 
and  then  suddenly  lapsed  into  unconsciousness 
again.  He  died  April  14,  1877,  and  was  buried 
from  the  church  that  he  had  helped  to  constitute 
sixty-one  years  before. 

Stough,  Rev.  A.  S.,  was  bom  in  Germany  in 
1827  ;  was  educated  for  the  Catholic  priesthood  ; 
was  baptized  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  1847  ;  read  the- 
ology for  two  years  with  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Purefoy  and 
began  to  preach  ;  is  a  successful  pastor ;  has  been 
for  some  years  in  charge  of  the  church  at  Shelby, 


and  moderator  of  the  King's  Mountain  Associa- 
tion. 

Stout,  Charles  B.,  was  bom  at  Flemington, 
N.  J.,  in  1824;  spent  his  youth  in  New  Brunswick; 
became  an  active  member  of  the  Stanton  Street  Bap- 
tist church.  New  York  ;  has  been  for  years  connected 
with  the  First  or  with  the  Kemsen  Avenue  church  in 
New  Brunswick.  He  is  the  author  of  several  books, 
which  have  had  an  extensive;  sale ;  was  one  of  the 
first  to  use  the  blackboard  in  Sunday-schools,  and  is 
widely  known  in  the  Sunday-school  work  as  an 
able  speaker  and  contributor  to  the  magazines. 

Stout,  Rev.  David  Bishop,  was  bom  in  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  in  the  year  ISlll;  was  ordained  a  min- 
ister, and  settled  in  a  joint  pastorate  over  the 
churches  at  Larnbertville  and  Harborton  in  the 
year  1832.  After  five  years'  active  and  successful 
labor  on  these  fields  he  was  called  to  take  charge 
of  the  ancient  church  at  Middletown,  whore  he 
settled  in  April,  1837,  and  where  he  remained  and 
labored  as  pastor  till  his  death,  a  period  of  thirty- 
eight  years.  The  forty-three  years  of  his  minis- 
terial life  and  labors  were  all  spent  in  his  native 
State,  and  in  two  pastorates.  Few  men  have  ever 
been  more  devoted  to  the  Lord's  work,  and  few 
have  received  larger  measures  of  success. 

Brother  Stout  was  a  constituent  member  of  the 
State  Convention,  being  present  at  its  organization 
in  1830,  and  was  an  active  worker  and  wise  coun- 
selor in  all  its  operations  from  the  first  till  the  day 
of  his  death.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  eminently 
Scriptural,  trusting  to  the  Spirit  to  make  the  Word 
successful.  This  principle  of  his  ministry  made 
him  sound  in  doctrine,  able  in  counsel,  di.screet  and 
wise  as  a  minister  of  Jesus  Christ  in  every  sphere 
of  life. 

He  died  May  17,  1874,  having  baptized  during 
his  pastorate  of  the  oldest  Baptist  church  in  the 
State  039  professed  believers. 

Stout,  Rev.  John. — From  the  beginning  of 
Brother  Stout's  ministry,  at  Newberry,  S.  C,  in 
1870,  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  all  our  religions 
enterprises,  especially  State  missions.  For  several 
years  past  ho  has  rendered  very  efficient  service 
in  organizing  and  conducting  Woman's  Mission 
Societies.  He  was  born  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  in  1842, 
being  a  son  of  Rev.  Piatt  Stout.  He  served  in  the 
Confederate  army  during  the  war,  which  much  re- 
tarded his  education.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
removed  to  Darlington  Co.,  S.  C,  where  he  learned 
to  know  Him  whom  to  know  is  life  eternal,  and  at 
once  determined  to  preach  the  unsearchable  riches 
of  Christ.  Preparatory  to  this  he  entered  Furnian 
University,  in  1867,  and  the  Southern  Baptist  The- 
ological Seminary,  then  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  in 
1868.  He  spent  three  years  in  the  seminary,  com- 
pleting the  entire  course  except  one  study.  He 
pursued  this  afterwards,  and  received  a  full  diploma 


STOUT 


1115 


STOW 


in  1872.  lie  became  pastor  of  the  Xewljerry 
church  during  his  seminary  course,  and  settled 
there  on  leaving  Greenville,  in  1871.  In  1874  he 
removed  to  Darlington,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
old  Welsh  Neck  church,  and  still  occupies  that 
position.  There  has  been  nothing  remarkable  in 
his  life  except  regular,  consistent,  and  successful 
.service  in  the  various  departments  of  the  Master's 
work.     A  star  is  better  than  a  meteor. 

Stout,  Rev.  Piatt. — For  want  of  fiwts  in  his 
life  the  writer  can  only  mention  the  name  of  Mr. 
Stout,  one  of  the  best  and  most  useful  ministers 
of  Alabama.  He  lived  to  old  age,  and  died  in 
Wetunijika  several  years  ago.  He  was  famous  for 
distinguislied  piety,  burning  zeal,  wise  judgment, 
and  rare  ability.  The  gifted  Rev.  John  Stout,  of 
South  Carolina,  is  his  son. 

Stout,  Rev.  Thomas  H.,  was  born  at  Orange 
i'liurt-IIuuse,  Va.,  July  2?>,  1835;  baptized  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1852;  in  18.54  he  began  to  preach,  and 
entered  Mercer  University,  Ga.,  as  a  student ;  has 
spent  several  years  as  teacher  in  Georgia ;  was  a 
soldier  and  a  chaplain  for  some  time  during  the 
late  war.  From  1862  to  1867  he  was  the  successful 
pastor  at  Bl;ikely.  In  1867  he  became  president 
of  the  Baptist  Female  College  of  North  Georgia; 
at  the  same  time  he  was  pastor  of  various  churches. 
In  1809  he  became  pastor  at  Lumpkin  ;  in  1872  at 
'I'homaston  ;  in  1878  at  Talbotton  and  other  neigh- 
boring churches.  In  January,  1879,  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  church  in  the  city  of 
Troy,  Ala.,  and  there,  as  in  Georgia,  his  labors  are 
being  honored  with  success.  Six  years  he  was 
clerk  of  the  Rehoboth  Assnciatinn,  and  seven  years 
of  the  Georgia  State  Convention.  He  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Mercer  University  in  1873. 
He  is  an  active  and  able  minister  of  Christ. 

Stovall,  Rev.  A.  T.,  a  useful  minister  in  North- 
east Mississippi,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1809; 
removed  to  Alabama,  where  he  began  to  preach  in 
1841  ;  during  his  stay  in  Alabama  he  served  the 
following  churches  near  his  home  in  Lawrence 
County,  viz. :  Town  Creek,  Moulton,  Macedonia, 
and  Courtland.  He  removed  to  Mississippi  in 
1.S52,  and  settled  near  Tupelo,  in  the  northeastern 
part  of  tlie  .State,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
his  life  preaching  to  churches  in  the  surrounding 
country.  He  aided  in  the  organization  of  Judson 
Association,  and  was  its  moderator  a  number  of 
years.  He  died  July  4,  1872,  much  respected  by 
tlioM'  aiiHiiig  whom  he  had  lived. 

Stow,  Baron,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
and  successful  ministers  of  the  denomination  of 
which  he  was  so  distinguished  an  ornament,  was 
born  in  Croydon,  N.  II.,  June  16,  1801,  and  spent 
his  early  youth  on  the  farm  of  his  father.  When 
but  a  child  he  began  to  show  what  his  tastes  were. 
By  the  roadside,  near  the  house  of  his  father,  was 


a  boulder,  which,  from  its  peculiar  construction, 
was  called  ''the  pulpit.''  Taking  possession  of 
this  pulpit,  the  boy-preacher  would  draw  around 
him  a  crowd  of  his  associates,  and,  as  our  fathers 


BARON    STOW,  D.D. 

were  wont  to  say,  "exercised  his  gifts"  quite  to 
the  admiration  of  his  listening  friends.  He  was 
fitted  for  college  at  the  academy  in  Newport,  N.  H., 
and  became  a  member  of  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C,  in  September,  1822,  where  he 
had  among  his  instructors  Dr.  Irah  Chace,  Dr.  Alva 
Woods,  Thomas  Sewell,  M.D.,  Dr.  R.  Babcock, 
Prof.  J.  D.  Knowles,  Prof.  T.  J.  Conant,  and  Dr. 
R.  E.  Pattison.  Close  attention  to  his  studies 
enabled  him  to  complete  the  entire  course  of  the 
prescribed  curriculum  in  a  little  more  than  three 
years.  Mr.  Stow  acted  as  editor  of  the  Columbian 
Star,  the  organ  of  the  Triennial  Convention,  during 
the  latter  part  of  his  college  course,  and  continued 
to  hold  that  position  for  more  than  a  year. 

He  received  a  call  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Purtsmouth,  X.  II.,  and  was  or- 
dained Oct.  24,  1827,  his  ordination  sermon  having 
been  preached  by  Rev.  li.  Babcock,  then  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Salem,  Mass.  His  min- 
istry in  Portsmouth  was  from  the  outset  eminently 
successful.  The  church  grew  in  numbers  and 
strength,  and  were  obliged  to  make  provision  for  a 
larger  house  of  worship,  and  their  present  edifice 
in  Middle  Street  was  built,  and  dedicated  Sept.  24, 
1828,  More  than  one  invitation  of  a  most  urgent 
character  was  extended  to  him  to  remove  to  what 
were  considered  more  inviting  fields  of  ministerial 


STOW 


1116 


STOWE 


labor,  hut  he  declined  all  such  overtures.  For  five 
years,  dating  from  his  ordination,  he  continued  at 
the  post  which  Providence  seemed  to  have  assigned 
to  him. 

The  pulpit  of  the  Baldwin  Place  church  in  Bos- 
ton havinj;  become  vacant,  the  tlionulits  of  tlie 
church  were  turned  at  once  to  l*i)rtsniouth.  ami 
Mr.  Stow  received  a  hearty  invitation  to  become  its 
pastor.  Obeyinj;  what  seemed  to  him  to  be  the  call 
of  his  Miister,  he  decided  to  reftiove  to  Boston.  He 
was  installed  as  pastor  Nov.  15,  1832.  If  his  min- 
istry in  Portsmouth  had  been  followed  with  f;reat 
success,  still  more  prosperous  was  it  at  the  N'ortli 
End  in  Boston.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1)S37  lif 
preached  that  remarkable  sermon  from  the  te.tt. 
"  Boast  not  thyself  of  to-uiorrow,  for  thou  knowe.st 
not  what  a  day  may  bring  forth,"  the  traditi(ms  of 
the  wonderful  results  of  which  linzered  for  many 
a  year  in  Boston.  More  than  one  huiidreil  persons 
referred  to  that  discourse  as  the  means  of  their 
awakening  and  conversion.  A  powerful  revival 
commenced  with  the  opening  of  the  year  18.38,  the 
influence  of  which  was  felt  for  years.  During  the 
next  five  years  502  persons  were  added  to  the 
church  on  a  profession  of  their  faith  in  Christ. 
Meanwhile  his  interest  in  every  department  of 
Christian  work  increased,  as  his  zeal  for  the  pro- 
motion of  the  kingdom  of  Christ  grew  more  intense 
and  intelligent,  lie  threw  bis  soul  into  the  cause 
of  foreign  missions,  and  never  was  happier  than 
when,  by  his  pen  or  the  living  voice,  he  wan  plead- 
ing for  that  cause. 

At  length  the  labors  of  the  ministry  began  to 
tell  on  his  nervous  strength,  and,  exhausted  by  long- 
continued  work,  he  was  forced  to  yield,  and  seek 
the  renewal  of  his  wasted  powers  by  change  of 
scene  and  the  gentle  excitements  (if  foreign  travel. 
He  left  Boston  Dec.  1,  1840,  and  was  absent  several 
months  abroad,  traveling  in  England.  France.  Swit- 
zerland, and  Italy,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  the 
month  of  June.  He  took  up,  with  recruited 
strength,  the  work  which  he  had  laid  aside,  and 
again  preached  and  performed  his  pastoral  duties 
with  his  accustomed  zeal  and  acccptableness.  He 
shared  in  the  labors  and  the  ingathering  of  souls 
into  the  churches,  which  made  the  year  1842  so 
memorable  in  the  religious  history  «{  Boston.  At 
the  close  of  the  twelfth  year  of  his  ministry  at 
Baldwin  Place,  during  two  of  which  he  had  been 
laid  aside  by  sickness,  Jie  makes  the  following 
record :  "  I  have  preached  1237  sermons,  made 
8532  visits,  solemnized  482  marriages,  attended  586 
funerals,  baptized  643.  added  by  letter  261,  dis- 
missed 394,  and  excluded  71."  These  figures  pre- 
sent us  a  picture  of  a  life  of  great  ministerial  ac- 
tivity and  success  as  an  ambassador  for  Christ. 

Dr.  Stow  was  the  p.istor  of  a  church  situ.ated  in 
that  p.irt  of  Boston  which  more  than  any  other  sec- 


tion was  undergoing  constant  social  changes  by  the 
influx  of  a  foreign  population.  The  weakening  of 
his  church  by  the  removal  of  some  of  his  best  fam- 
ilies proved  a  source  of  so  great  discouragement 
that,  in  1848,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  resign  his  pastor- 
ate of  the  church  of  which,  for  sixteen  years,  be 
had  been  the  loving  and  beloved  uncler-sliepherd. 
After  a  brief  period  of  relaxation,  during  which  lie 
received  invitations  to  become  the  pastor  of  three 
churches,  he  decided  to  accept  a  call  to  what  was 
then  the  Rowe  Street  church,  now  the  Clarendon 
Avenue,  and  began  at  once  to  reap  the  fruits  of  his 
labors.  It  is  not  possible  to  sura  up  what  this 
most  indefatigable  worker  did,  as  a  preacher  where 
the  standard  for  pulpit  service  was  so  high,  as  a 
pastor  of  the  warmest  sympathies  and  the  tenderest 
love,  as  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Missionary  Union,  where  he  performed  a  vast 
amount  of  work,  especially  with  his  most  graceful 
and  accurate  pen,  as  a  writer  of  books  and  for  the 
religious  press.  A  second  trip  to  Europe,  taken 
for  the  same  reasons  that  led  him  to  make  the 
first,  proved  serviceable  to  him,  and  no  doubt  pro- 
longed his  valuable  life.  His  pastorate  of  the  Kuwe 
Street  church  ended  in  1867.  Forty  years  nearly 
he  had  been  in  the  ministry,  thirty  of  which  had 
been  spent  in  Boston.  The  roots  had  gone  down 
too  deep  into  the  soil  of  the  dear  old  city  to  be 
rudely  torn  up,  and  although  urged  to  occupy 
other  fields  of  labor  he  declined,  and  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  days  in  performing  such  work  as 
his  Master  gave  him  to  do,  and  at  length  came  to 
the  end  of  his  days  on  the  27th  of  December.  1869. 

Dr.  Stow  takes  high  rank  among  the  best  preach- 
ers of  his  own  denomination  or  any  other  in  this 
country.  Amidst  the  exhausting  labors  of  his  pro- 
fession he  found  time  to  write  and  give  to  the  world 
the  productions  of  his  pen.  He  w.is  one  of  the  com- 
pilers of  the  "  Psalmist. ■■  His  "First  Things." 
"Christian  Brotherhood,"  '"Daily  Manna,"  and 
"  Whole  Family  in  Heaven"  are  illustrations  of 
his  skill  and  ability  as  a  writer.  His  name  is  hal- 
lowed in  the  memory  of  many  who  loved  him,  and 
the  whole  church  of  God  may  be  thankful  that  its 
great  Head  gave  to  it  so  true  so  faithful,  a  servant 
of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  a'*  Baron  Stow. 

StOWe,  B.ev.  Fhlneas,  was  born  in  Milford, 
Conn.,  March  20,  1812.  When  he  was  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  was  engaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  store 
in  New  Haven.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Elisha 
Cushman,  July  2,  1S31,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  New  Haven.  Feeling 
himself  called  of  God  to  preach  the  gospel,  he 
spent  four  years  at  the  New  Hampton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  in  fitting  himself  for 
his  work.  After  leaving  New  Hampton  he  was 
pastor  for  two  years  of  the  Baptist  church  at  South 
Danvers,  Mass.     But  his  life-work  was  to  be  per- 


Sro  WELL 


1117 


STItlBLlSG 


forineJ  in  anotlicr  splicrc.  Provinence  liaJ  designed 
liiiii  to  be  a  preaclier  to  seamen,  and  in  Boston  he 
liiund  a  field  of  labor  which  was  suited  to  him  and 
he  to  it.  "  He  was  adapted  to  his  worlc,"  says  I'is 
friend  Dr.  Nealc,  "and  liis  work  to  him.  It  fitted 
exactly  all  the  peculiarities  of  his  mind  and  heart, 
as  the  liquid  metal  takes  the  varied  features  of  the 
mould  into  which  it  is  cast.  It  filled  his  whole  soul, 
and  he  went  into  it  with  all  bis  might."  A  period 
of  twenty  years  of  constant,  unremitting  labor  pro- 
duced such  results  as  any  man  might  be  thankful 
to  have  accomplished.  The  monuments  of  his  zeal 
and  untiring  energy  may  be  found  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  city  of  Boston,  and  especially  in  the 
better  characters  and  the  Christian  lives  of  hun- 
dreds and  thousands  of  sailors  in  all  parts  of  the 
world.  His  intense  enthusiasm,  and  his  love  for 
the  work  to  which  he  had  given  the  best  years  of 
Ills  life,  at  last  touched  the  delicate  fibres  of  an 
over-sensitive  brain,  and  he  was  forced  to  spend 
his  last  days  in  one  of  those  retreats  which  the 
Christian  benevolence  of  our  modern  days  has 
provided  for  sufferers  like  him.  lie  died  at  the 
McLean  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Somerville, 
Mass.,  Nov.  13.  isijs. 

Stowell,  Rev.  Austin  H.,  son  of  Isaac  and 
Harriet  (Hall)  .Stowell,  was  born  in  Starksborougli, 
Vt.,  Oct.  6,  1SI8;  converted  in  Bristol  in  1830; 
baptized  at  Brandon,  in  183(),  while  studying  to 
enter  .Middlebury  College;  licensed  by  the  Baptist 
church  in  Brandon;  ordained,  Dec.  11,  1839,  in 
Palmyra,  N.  Y. :  settled  in  Avon  and  Jloriah  ;  in 
Saratoga  five  years,  in  Providence,  11.  I..  si.K  years, 
in  South  Boston,  Mass..  in  Peoria,  111.;  spent 
twelve  years  in  Chicago  in  general  gospel  work; 
published  two  sermons  to  young  men  in  lS.i2,  and 
a  doctrinal  sermon  on  Baptist  polity  in  1860. 

Stradley,  Rev.  J.  A.,  the  son  of  the  venerable 
minister,  Thomas  Stradley,  was  born  in  Asheville, 
N.  C,  March  17,  1832  ;  was  baptized  by  his  father  ; 
•  inlained  in  18.i4;  took  an  irregular  course  at 
Wake  Forest  College  on  account  of  ill  health,  and 
has  spent  most  of  his  professional  life  in  Granville 
County.  Mr.  Stradley  is  an  uncompromising  tem- 
perance advocate  and  a  strong  Baptist. 

Stradley,  Rev.  Thomas,  the  oldest  living  Bap- 
tist preacher  of  Nortli  ('ai-olina,  the  missionary  of 
tlio  mountains,  was  burn  in  Woolwich,  England,  in 
17'JS  ;  landed  in  America  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  and 
settled  in  Buncombe  Co.,  N.  C,  in  1828.  He  was 
already  a  Baptist,  and  soon  began  to  pre.^ch,  and 
was  ordained  by  Revs.  Humphrey  Posey,  Dobbins, 
and  Alfred  Webb. 

Mr.  Stradley  attendecl  the  third  session  of  the 
Baptist  State  Convention,  held  at  Cartledge's  Creek 
church,  llicbraond  County,  in  1833,  and  had  the 
honor  to  be  appointed  the  first  missionary  of  that 
body.     Mr.  Stradley  became  an  excellent  and  use- 


ful preacher.  lie  is  what  is  termed  a  high-churcli 
Baptist,  a  great  temperance  apostle,  and  has  the 
distinguished  honor  not  only  of  founding  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Asheville,  but  of  building,  almost 
unaided,  the  handsome  house  in  which  it  worships. 
Though  upwards  of  eighty,  he  still  preaches  with 
great  power. 
Straughan,  Rev.  Samnel  Lamkin,  was  born 

in  NorthumbHrlan.l  Co..  \'u.,  -July  ■III.  1783.  He 
spent  his  youth  on  his  father's  farm.  He  w;is  bajn 
tized  in  April,  18U3,  and  united  with  the  Moratico 
church.  He  immediately  began  the  congenial  work 
of  exhorting  the  impenitent,  and  his  labors  were  so 
successful  that  in  1806  he  was  ordained  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  Ilis  first  pastoral  charge  was  that 
of  the  Wicomico  church,  the  m(!mbership  of  which 
at  the  beginning  was  only  24,  but  which  soi>n  in- 
creased to  nearly  300,  so  mightily  did  the  Word  of 
the  Lord  prevail  under  Mr.  Straughan's  faithful 
ministrations.  In  1807  he  .iccepted  the  pastorate 
of  the  Moratico  church,  which  also  became  one  of 
the  strongest  and  most  active  in  that  part  of  the 
State.  In  the  year  1814  he  was  chosen  by  the 
Missionary  Society  of  Richmond  to  travel  into 
certain  parts  of  Maryland,  where  there  was  great 
destitution  of  the  means  of  grace.  Here,  although 
at  first  received  with  great  coldness  and  some  op- 
position, he  secured  a  strong  hold  on  the  affections 
of  the  people,  and  was  the  means  of  accomplishing 
much  good.  These  visits  wore  necessarily  only  oc- 
c;isional,  since  he  had  his  own  churches  in  Vir- 
ginia to  supply  at  regular  times.  He  made  his  last 
visit  to  Maryland  in  1820,  at  which  time  the  pul- 
monary disease,  under  which  he  had  l<mg  labored, 
grew  rapidly  worse,  and,  resting  awhile  at  Xanje- 
moy,  he  finally  reached  his  home  in  -June,  from 
which  time  he  was  almost  wholly  confined  to  his 
house  until  his  death,  which  occurred  June  9,  1821. 
Mr.  Straughan  was  eminent  for  his  deep  piety.  In 
every  relation  of  life,  he  was  a  model  man,  simple, 
nioilest,  grave,  courteous,  and  gentle  towards  all 
around  him.  He  had  a  "good  report''  of  all  who 
knew  him.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  in  many  re- 
spects more  than  ordinary.  His  voice  was  sono- 
rous, his  style  always  strong  and  nervous,  and 
sometimes  elegant,  his  address  sincere  and  often 
aninuited,  and  his  countenance  remarkably  pre- 
possessing. His  discourses  were  marked  by  argu- 
ment and  Scriptural  illustrations  rather  than  by 
eloquence,  although  occasionally  he  rose  to  sub- 
limity of  style.  Mr.  Straughan  was  only  thirty- 
eight  years  of  age  at  his  death,  but  in  the  short 
time  he  was  permitted  to  live  and  labor  lie  accom- 
plished much  for  the  Master,  and  left  behind  him, 
for  the  .admiration  of  the  church,  a  record  such  as 
many  whose  years  are  more  numerous  rarely  ac- 
complish. 
Stribling,  James  H.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Ala- 


STlilBUNG 


1118 


STRONG 


biima  in  1S22;  is  a  nephew  of  the  distiiiguistied 
ComiiKidore  Stribling  of  the  U.  S.  navy.  Witli 
Ills  father's  family  he  removed  to  Texas,  and  first 
located  in  Washington  County  ;  served  as  a  volun- 
teer in  the  Texan  army  in  the  Somerville  campaign 
designed  to  repel  the  Mexican  invasion  of  1842—43 ; 
professed  conversion  in  July,  1843,  and  was  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Wni.  M.  Tryon  in  September  follow- 
ing; authorized  to  preach  about  one  year  afterwards ; 
pursued  studies  in  Baylor  University  from  May, 
1846,  to  December,  1849 ;  ordained  at  Independence 
at  last  date.  In  IS.iO  traveled  as  a  missionary  west 
of  the  Colorado  River,  traversing  a  large  scope  of 
country  from  the  sea-coast  to  the  mountains,  preach- 
ing in  a  log  cabin  or  private  dwelling,  under  live- 
oaks  or  in  regular  places  of  worship,  facing  north- 
ers and  drenching  rains  on  bleak  prairies,  swimming 
streams,  crossing  the  Indian's  war-path,  but  every- 
where received  kindly,  and  enjoying  many  happy 
seasons,  pointing  sinners  to  Christ,  and  witnessing 
the  triumphs  of  the  gospel.  Traveled  this  year 
3(KH)  miles  on  horseback  :  served  from  1851  to  close 
of  1857  as  pastor  at  Gonzales,  and  preached  to  other 
churches  in  the  country.  Many  revival  se,asons 
were  enjoyed,  and  hundreds  brought  into  the  king- 
dom of  Christ.  In  1858-59  ministered  to  old  Caney 
and  Wharton  churches,  enjoying  precious  se,a.sons 
of  grace.  In  May,  1860,  assumed  the  pastorate  of 
the  First  church,  Galveston,  and  continued  until 
the  calamities  of  war  broke  up  this  happy  relation. 
In  1863  he  began,  and  in  1873  closed,  a  successful 
pastorate  at  Anderson,  preaching  at  Navisota  and 
other  churches  during  this  period  ;  began  the  pas- 
torate at  Tyler,  which  he  now  holds,  in  September, 
1873,  and  ever  since  one  harvest  of  blessing  has 
been  enjoyed  by  pastor  and  people ;  served  two 
years  as  moderator  of  Colorado  Association,  seven 
years  as  moderator  of  Union  Association,  four 
years  as  president  of  State  Sunjlay-School  and  Col- 
portage  Convention,  many  times  vice-president  of 
State  Convention  ;  for  three  years  past  has  been 
moderator  of  Cherokee  Association,  and  at  various 
times  has  been  a  prominent  member  of  the  Southern 
Convention.  In  the  course  of  his  ministry  he  has 
preached  3000  sermons,  and  delivered  as  many 
lectures;  led  or  assisted  in  150  protracted  meet- 
ings, in  which  over  2000  professed  conversion  ; 
solemnized  200  marriages,  and  attended  a  larger 
number  of  funeral  services ;  baptized  over  800 
persons  ;  traveled  in  every  mode  20,0lX)  miles  from 
the  Sabine  to  the  Nueces,  from  the  Gulf  to  the 
mountains;  and  has  preached  to  gratified  audiences 
in  Mobile.  Louisville,  Baltimore,  and  other  cities; 
has  published,  1.  "Sermon  on  Sunday-Schools;" 
2.  "  In  Memory  of  T.  -J.  Jackson  ;"  3.  "  On  Future 
Punishment;"  4.  "  Sketches  of  Travels ;"  5.  "Dis- 
cussion on  Human  Depravity  ;"  and  miscellaneous 
articles;  received  A.M.  in  1858  and  D.D.  in  1871 


from  Baylor  University.  Rev.  Z.  N.  Morrell,  in 
"Flowers  and  Fruits  from  the  Wilderness,"  says, 
"  lie  has  never  turned  aside  to  engage  in  any  secu- 
lar employment  for  a  year  or  a  month.  .  .  .  All 
love  him,  none  excel  him."'  He  esteems  it  his 
highest  honor,  privilege,  and  blessing  to  sit  at  the 
feet  of  Jesus  and  learn  of  him. 

Strickland,  Rev.  C.  H.,  of  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
was  born  in  Lawrenceville,  Ga.,  Dec.  18,  1844.  As 
a  boy,  he  was  ambitious  to  excel,  faithful  and  true 
to  those  who  trusted  him,  and  passionately  fond  of 
reading.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Law- 
renceville High  School. 

A  few  years  after  his  conversion  he  was  called 
of  God  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  was  ordained  by 
Bethel  church,  Walton  Co.,  Ga..  Jan.  30,  1870,  the 
Presbytery  consisting  of  Brethren  Bedford.  Lung- 
ford,  G.  A.  Nunnally,  Stillwell,  and  Loring.  He 
was  pastor  first  of  this  church,  afterwards  of 
churches  at  Farmington,  New  Hope,  Greens- 
borough,  and  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
his  Master  giving  him  in  every  place  the  joy  of 
seeing  his  work  prosper  in  his  hands.  As  a  pas- 
tor, he  knows  his  people ;  their  trials,  sorrows,  and 
bereavements  are  his,  and  so  perfectly  does  he 
know  them  all  that  not  one  can  be  absent  from  the 
public  services  that  he  does  not  miss.  Though 
still  young,  he  has  been  a  busy  worker,  and  by 
the  blessing  of  Gud  has  accomplished  much  good. 

Strickland,  Rev.  W.  H.,  was  born  in  Gwin- 
nett Co.,  Ga.  He  in  early  life  joined  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  to  which  his  parents  belonged,  but 
four  years  after  he  united  with  the  Baptists.  After 
preaching  some  years  in  the  country,  he  became 
pastor  of  Kallock  Street  church  in  Augusta,  Ga. 
In  1871-72  he  was  chaplain  of  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Georgia  Legislature.  He  has 
since  been  pastor  in  Darlington  and  in  Anderson, 
S.  C. 

On  the  1st  of  July,  1880,  he  became  correspond- 
ing secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  State  Mission 
Board  of  South  Carolina.  In  the  first  five  months 
he  collected  S6236.90,  an  unprecedented  amount. 

His  power  in  the  pulpit  is  very  great,  and  he  is 
much  beloved  by  his  people  wherever  he  has  been 
pastor.  He  was  for  several  years  connected  with 
the  editorial  department  of  the  Boptist  Ciiiirier. 

Strong,  Augustus  H,,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  LSMti.  His  father,  Alvali  Strong, 
was  a  journalist,  and  for  several  years  published 
the  Rochester  Daily  Democrat.  He  was  graduated 
from  Yale  College  in  1857.  He  was  converted 
while  in  his  Junior  year  in  college,  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Rochester.  After  leaving  Y'ale  College  he  en- 
tered the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  where  he 
closed  his  course  of  study  in  1859.  He  then  went 
abroad,  pursuing  his  studies  in  the  German  uni- 


STUB BERT 


1119 


SUMNER 


versities,  and  traveling  in  Europe  and  the  East. 
For  a  short  time  he  preached  as  a  supply  for  the 
\orth  Baptist  church  of  Cliicago.  In  18G1  he  set- 
tled as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Ilaver- 


AUGUSTUS    H.  STRONG,  D.D. 

hill.  Mass.,  where  he  was  ordained.  In  1805  he  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Cleveland,  0.  While  there  he  received  the  honor- 
ary degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity. After  seven  years  of  successful  labor  there, 
liis  manifest  ability  as  a  preacher,  and  his  well- 
known  theological  learning,  secured  for  him  an 
election  as  president  and  Professor  of  Theology  in 
the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  which  posi- 
tion he  holds  at  the  present  time.  He  is  the  author 
of  able  articles  on  "  Philosophy  and  Religion"'  in 
the  BaplisI  Quarterly,  also  "  Miracles  as  an  Attes- 
tation of  Divine  Revelation,''  and  on  "The  Will 
in  Theology,"  besides  numerous  contributions  on 
theology,  church  polity,  and  education  in  the 
weekly  religious  journals  of  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation. He  is  a  man  to  whom  the  public  have 
acceded  a  remarkable  fitness  for  the  high  position 
which  he  fills.  The  young  men  who  come  out 
from  that  institution  show  his  training  hand  and 
the  careful  instruction  in  theology  so  much  needed 
by  the  ministry. 

Stubbert,  Rev.  John  Roman,  son  of  John  and 
Ann  Stubbert,  w.is  born  on  Buulardie,  island  of 
Cape  Breton,  April  8,  1838.  His  parents  were  at 
first  devout  members  of  the  Church  of  England, 
but  finally  became  distinguished  pioneer  Baptists 
on  the  island.     His  father,  at  first  on  opposer  of 


the  Baptists,  was  changed  in  views  and  feelings  by 
hearing  Rev.  John  Hull,  and  among  these  the 
once  despised  became  "  mighty  in  the  Scriptures 
and  in  prayer."  John  R.,  after  the  strictest  moral 
training  at  home,  began  his  studies  in  a  normal 
school,  and  then  for  three  years  alternated  between 
teaching  and  colportage.  In  1867  he  entered  Aca- 
dia College,  and  graduated  in  1871,  preaching 
during  his  vacations ;  entered  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  Mass.,  and  graduated  in  1874;  pro- 
posed to  be  a  missionary  in  China,  and  was  re- 
ceived by  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
but  was  finally  induced  to  settle  with  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Suffield,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained 
July  2,  1874;  in  the  following  winter  was  blessed 
with  a  powerful  revival,  and  baptized  90  per- 
sons ;  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the  Connecticut  Lit- 
erary Institution,  and  also  a  trustee  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Baptist  State  Convention  and  of  the  Baptist 
Education  Society  ;  was  the  first  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Centennial  Committee  in  Connecticut  in 
1875  ;  has  been  a  leader  in  temperance  societies. 

Sturg^SS,  Rev.  C.  F.,  for  many  years  pastor  at 
Carlowville,  Ala.,  and  other  churches  of  that  part 
of  the  State,  was  distinguished  for  his  learning,  ex- 
tensive culture,  eminent  piety,  and  thorough  gospel 
preaching.  lie  occupied  a  position  with  the  first 
men  of  the  State.  He  was  author  of  a  prize  essay 
on  "  The  Duties  of  Masters  to  their  Servants."' 
which  had  a  wide  circulation  in  book  form.  He 
died  only  a  few  3'ears  since. 

Sumner,  M.  T.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Massachu- 
setts, Sept.  6, 1815  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  18.38 ;  removed  to  Virginia  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1840;  ordained,  by  request  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Richmond,  in  May,  1843.  From 
1840  to  1850  engaged  in  teaching  in  Richmond  and 
preaching  to  three  churches  in  the  country,  and  in 
1850  devoted  all  his  time  to  the  work  of  the  minis- 
try. In  January,  18.54,  accepted  the  agency  of  the 
American  Tract  Society  for  Virginia  and  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  and  Jan.  1,  1858,  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Domes- 
tic Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, at  Marion,  Ala.  In  1875  resigned  this  posi- 
tion and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  president  of 
Judson  Female  Institute,  which  he  held  for  one 
year,  and,  retiring  from  this  position,  he  occupied 
the  post  of  agent  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo- 
logical Seminary  about  two  years,  and  then  about 
the  same  length  of  time  he  acted  as  agent  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  April  1, 
1880,  he  resigned  all  agency  work,  and  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Athens, 
Ala.,  with  encouraging  prospects.  In  all  these  im- 
portant positions  the  labors  of  Dr.  Sumner  were  at- 
tended with  success.  During  the  seventeen  years 
that  he  had  charge  of  the  home  mission  interest 


SUNDAY-SCHOOL 


1120 


SrNDA  V-SCffOOLS 


of  Southern   Baptists  he  wielded  a  couiiiianding 
influence  over  tlie  entire  South  on  this  subject. 

Sunday-School  Hymns. — "  Let  me  furnish  a 
nutiiiii  Willi  its  s  iriiis  ami  1  will  govern  it"  is  an 
aphoristic  expression,  and  history  furnishes  innu- 
merable instances  of  the  influence  upon  human 
thought  and  feeling  of  the  songs  and  ballads  of 
the  people.  From  the  earliest  periods  until  the 
present,  triumphant  hymns  or  solemn  requiems 
have  been  used  to  express  the  emotions  of  joy  or 
sorrow.  This  is  especially  true  of  the  Christian 
era,  and  the  M;if;nificat  of  Mary,  the  "  Peace  on 
earth"  of  the  anj;els,  and  the  Te  Deum  have  en- 
joyed centuries  of  popularity,  and  the  followers  of 
Christ  throufjh  all  the  ages  have  found  expression 
for  their  soul  exercises  in  psalms,  hymns,  and 
spiritual  songs.  To  the  chants  of  the  early  Chris- 
tians have  been  added  the  more  modern  productions 
so  largely  used  in  our  churches.  None  are  so  suscep- 
tible to  the  influences  of  music  and  poetry  as  chil- 
dren and  youth,  nor  so  long  retain  the  first  im- 
pressi<ms  conveyed  through  their  use.  The  songs 
of  childhood  often  last  for  life,  and  frequently  in 
afler-years  tliej'  are  the  means  of  expressing  the 
emotions  and  experiences  of  maturity.  They  thus 
have  an  incalculable  value  in  moulding  character, 
and  the  writers  of  the  best  hymns  for  children  h.ive 
an  influence  that  cannot  be  overestimateii.  Leaders 
of  the  young  have  nidre  fully  realized  this  since 
the  development  of  tlic  Sunday-school  movement, 
and  gradually  there  has  been  provided  a  literature 
especially  for  this  service.  At  first  the  "  Hymns 
and  Divine  Songs  for  Children"  of  Dr.  Watts, 
with  its  quaint  little  wood-cuts,  was  extensively 
used,  and,  although  the  collection  is  now  laid 
aside,  such  hymns  as  "  IIow  sh.all  the  young 
secure  their  hearts?"'  "IIow  doth  the  little  busy 
bee,"'  will  continue  their  usefulness  for  years  to 
come.  These  simple  songs  have  been  gradually 
supplanted  by  the  songs  of  more  recent  writers, 
who  have  attempted  to  embody  Scriptural  truths  in 
a  rhythmical  form.  To  this  class  belong  "  There  is 
a  happy  land,'"  by  Andrew  Young.  "  I  think  when  I 
read  that  sweet  story  of  old,"'  by  Mrs.  Luke,  "  Little 
travelers  Zionward,"  Heber's  "From  Greenland's 
icy  mountains,"  and  many  others  equally  well 
known.  More  recently  some  of  these  have  been 
partially  obscured  by  a  flood  of  productions,  many 
of  which  have  no  merit  either  of  doctrine  or 
poetry.  Their  numbers  have  been  legion,  but  one 
after  another  has  faded  from  memory,  while  the 
worth  of  the  best  hymns  of  the  olden  and  present 
time  is  being  more  universally  recognized  and  .ic- 
knowledged.  Activity  in  the  production  of  Sunday- 
school  music  has  especially  manifested  itself  within 
the  last  twenty  years,  and  it  is  asserted,  upon  the 
authority  of  the  publishers,  that  five  books  pre- 
pared by  one  editor  attained  a  circulation,  up  to 


1X08,  of  over  two  million  copies.  Since  that  date 
the  sale  of  this  class  of  books  has  aggregated 
17,000,000.  Of  the  hymns  that  will  remain  from 
this  multitude  are  many  admirable  jiroductions  of 
P.  P.  Bliss,  Miss  Havergal.  the  Baptist  brethren 
Lowry,  Doane,  the  I'cv.  .1.  II.  (jilmorc,  and  others. 
The  beautiful  hymn  "  He  leadcth  me,"'  belonging 
to  this  class  of  authors,  wi\s  composed  by  Prof. 
Gilmore  in  the  parlor  of  the  venerable  deacon, 
Thos.  Watt.son,  after  a  service  in  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia. 

In  the  service  of  song  there  has  been  an  inerca.s- 
ing  desire  manifested  to  bring  the  .Sunday-school 
into  closer  connection  with  the  worship  in  the  sanc- 
tuary. The  Gethscmane  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delphia has  recently  had  organized  from  their 
school  ii  choir  of  several  hundred  voices,  which 
forms  a  chorus  in  the  puiilic  services  of  the  church. 
Tims  the  work  of  the  teachers  may  be  directed  by 
a  faithful  Christian  minister,  and  young  hearts 
may  be  led  to  sing  from  experiei.ce. 

"Tis  religion  tbnt  can  give 
Sweetest  jileaeitre  uiiile  we  live." 

Sunday-Schools. —  The  oriijin.  in  some  form,  of 
Sunday-schools  may  be  traced  back  to  an  early  date. 
It  appears,  however,  that  from  the  time  of  the  Ref- 
ormation Christian  people  have  at  different  periods, 
though  without  concerted  actiim  or  organized  system, 
given  attention  to  Bible  instruction  for  the  young  on 
the  Lord"s  day.  The  schools  of  Luther  were  held 
seven  days  in  the  week,  and  especially  provided 
for  religious  instruction  on  Sunday.  John  Knox 
introduced  into  Scotland  a  system  of  Sunday- 
schools,  and  C.  S.  Hafinesque  asserts  that  they 
have  existed  in  Italy  for  centuries.  In  America, 
the  early  history  of  New  Kngland  shows  the  re- 
ligious training  of  the  children  supplemented  by 
the  weekly  instruction  of  the  minister,  and  it  is 
.a.sserted,  on  credible  authority,  that  in  1740  the 
German  Seventh-Day  Baptists  established  a  school 
at  Ephratah,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  which  cimtinued  for 
nearly  forty  years.  A  very  great  impetus  was  given 
to  the  cause  by  the  organized  efl'orts  of  the  philan- 
thropist, Robert  Kaike.s,  17X0-1 TS-'),  who  directed 
the  attention  of  Christians  to  its  importance  and 
formed  a  systematic  plan  of  teaching,  the  results 
of  which  are  apparent  to-day.  Scarcely  less  di.s- 
tingui.shed  than  Raikes  was  his  contemporary,  Wil- 
liam Fox,  a  Baptist  of  London,  who,  at  the  same 
jieriod,  established  a  Sunday-school  at  Clapham. 
and  who  was  greatly  encouraged  by  correspond- 
ence with  Mr.  Raikes.  The  Sunday-School  Society 
of  England,  which  is  still  a  useful  organization, 
was  the  result  of  the  labor  of  Jlr.  Fox. 

The  plan  of  instruction  adopted  by  these  men 
included  paid  teachers  and  the  use  of  the  Bible  as 
a  text-book  in  reading.  The  movement  extended 
throughout   England    until,  in    1789,   there   were 


SfrXDAY-SCHOULS 


1121 


SU.VDA  y-SCHOOLS 


300,000  scholars  enrolled  by  the  Sunday-School 
Society.  The  influence  was  felt  on  this  side  of  the 
Atlantic,  and  led  to  the  formation,  in  January, 
17'Jl,  of  the  I'liiladelphia  Society  for  the  Suppcirt 
and  Institution  of  First-Day  or  Sunday-Schools. 
In  this  country,  as  in  England,  the  Baptists  have 
lieen  abreast  with  their  brethren  of  other  denomi- 
nations in  promoting  the  cause  and  in  establishins; 
schools.  Among  the  oldest  Baptist  schools  having 
an  unbroken  history  are  the  following  :  the  school 
of  the  Second  Baptist  churcli  of  Baltimore,  organ- 
ized in  1804:  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delphia, instituted  in  1815  ;  of  the  Charles  Street 
church,  Boston,  of  the  Oliver  Street  church,  New 
York,  and  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Philadel- 
phia, founded  in  ISlli.  Two  Baptist  missionaries, 
Messrs.  Peck  an<l  AVelch,  established  tlie  first  Sun- 
day-school west  of  the  Jlis-^issippi  Iliver.  A  Baptist 
to;icher.  Miss  Harriet  E.  Bishop,  gathered  the  first 
school  of  the  kind  in  the  extreme  Northwest,  in 
what  is  now  St.  Paul,  Minn.  From  these  early 
efforts  the  Baptist  schools  of  America  have  grown, 
until  tlii-y  niimlicr,  so  far  as  reported,  over  13,49.3, 
with  110,3.i.')  officers  and  teachers  and  1,000,000 
scholars.  Every  State  in  the  Union  is  represented 
in  this  grand  total,  and  who  can  estimate  its  steady 
influence  upon  society  in  its  inculcation  of  Chris- 
tian doctrine,  and  in  training  the  young  in  the 
path  of  virtue? 

I'/ie  syslem  of  insirnction  in  the  schools,  as  well 
as  their  increase  in  numbers,  has  been  the  result 
of  a  gradual  growth  and  development.  From  the 
first  these  schools  were  supplied  by  voluntary  teach- 
ers, actuated  by  a  desire  for  the  promotion  of  the 
religious  education  of  the  young.  The  pupils  were 
boys  and  girls  who  understood  the  rudiments  of 
English,  and  the  text-books  were  the  Old  and  the 
New  Testament,  supplemented  in  some  cases  by  the 
Catechism.  After  a  few  years  an  infant  class  was 
organized  for  those  of  tender  years,  and  still  more 
recently  an  adult  department  hivs  been  added  for 
men  and  women.  The  schools  are  in  most  cases 
attached  to  churches,  though  maintaining  a  volun- 
tary organization,  somewhat  informal  in  character, 
and  are  generally  managed  by  the  officers  and 
teachers  as  they  may  best  determine,  without  the 
formal  <'ontrol  and  direction  of  the  church.  As  the 
first  schools  were  of  an  isolated  character,  there 
was  no  uniformity  in  the  manner  of  teaching  or 
in  the  selection  of  subjects.  In  both  these  particu- 
lars a  very  great  change  has  been  gradually  effected. 
The  infant  department  in  the  best  schools  is  now 
under  the  care  of  a  teacher  and  assistants,  who  de- 
pend largely  for  the  means  of  impressing  truths 
upon  the  hearts  of  the  little  ones  on  object  teaching. 
The  blackboard  and  printed  sketches  are  used  to 
depict  Bible  scenes  or  illustrate  Scripture  texts, 
and   these   are   supxilcmeoted  by   the   singing   of 


sacred  songs  especially  intended  to  teach  important 
truths.  In  the  intermediate  department  the  young 
of  both  sexes  gather  in  little  groups  or  classes 
about  teachers  who  often  an-  familiar  with  the 
overy-day  life  of  their  scholars,  and  visit  them 
on  week-days  in  their  homes,  and  who  endeavor  to 
impre.ss  more  deeply,  if  possible,  tlie  truth  learned 
on  the  Lord's  day,  by  the  influence  of  their  daily 
life.  The  adult  department  consists  of  men  and 
women  who,  either  in  classes  or  as  a  congrega- 
tion, are  led  in  Bible  study  by  a  person  of  their 
own  selection.  A  modern  Sunday-school  repre- 
sents, anc^  frequently  contains,  an  entire  family 
studying  God's  Word. 

The  literature  of  the  school  has  been  created  to 
supply  the  demands  of  experience  in  the  service. 
Since  the  fi)rmation  of  the  American  Baptist  Publi- 
cation Society  it  has  been  the  great  Sunday-school 
society  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  The  adoption, 
a  few  years  ago,  of  a  system  of  uniform  lessons  for 
the  use  of  all  the  Protestantdenominations  rendered 
it  ]iossible  and  necessary  to  issue  periodical  litera- 
ture containing  the  best  thoughts  of  Biblical  stu- 
dents upon  the  selected  topics.  The  Baptist  Tearhfr, 
Lesson  Papers,  Our  Youiig  People,  Our  Little  Ones, 
and  other  publications  of  a  similar  character  are 
very  important  and  valuable  assistants  to  teachers. 
These  papers  are  not  merely  sold  to  schools  able 
to  purchase,  but  are  carried  by  the  colporteurs  of 
the  society  and  freely  distributed  to  needy  schools 
in  destitute  localities.  The  volumes  reported  in 
the  libraries  of  the  Baptist  schools  of  America  in 
1879  amounted  to  965,000.  This  vast  aggregate 
may  contain  thousands  of  books  whose  influence 
may  be  of  a  negative  character,  and  to  remedy  this 
as  far  as  possible  the  Publication  Society  is  con- 
tinually issuing  works  especially  intended  for 
libraries,  and  furnishing  books  by  other  publishers 
that  have  been  examined  by  a  careful  committee. 
The  Baptist  Sunday-school  work  to-day  is  well 
organized,  and  engages  the  warm  sympathies  of 
thousands  of  men  and  women  who  are  looking 
forward  with  the  hopeful  anticipation  that  the 
Lord  may  greatly  increase  their  number  and  their 
usefulness,  and  bless  the  work  to  the  spiritual  ad- 
vantage of  the  people. 

Sunday-Schools,  Infant. — Previous  to  1829.  so 
far  as  can  be  ascertained,  no  regular  provision 
was  made  in  Sunday-schools  for  the  care  and  in- 
struction of  children  who  were  too  young  to  study 
le.ssons,  though  frequently  such  children  were 
present  with  older  brothers  or  sisters.  But  in  the 
latter  part  of  that  year  a  beginning  was  made, 
which  resulted  in  a  very  general  establishment  of 
infant  classes  in  connection  with  Sabbath-schools. 
It  happened  in  this  way.  A  year  or  two  previous 
two  infant  week-day  schools  were  opened  in  Boston, 
designed  for  children  from  two  to  five  years  old, 


SUNDAY-SCHOOLS 


1122 


SUNDKRLAND 


whose  mothers  were  employed  away  from  home 
(iiirini;  the  day.  One  of  these  was  in  cliarije 
of  Miss  M.  V.  Ball,  who  is  still  Wfll  known  in 
Boston  as  an  ai^tive  worker  for  the  Baptist  Bethel 


INFANT    SLNDAV-sriKiiil.,    HKM'    liAl'TlST    fllURCll,    liuSTON 
(Fuc-flimile  of  the  urigiual  engraving 


g) 


and  other  charities,  and  the  other  was  in  care  of 
Miss  Caroline  Blood,  now  wife  of  Rev.  Julius  A. 
Iteed,  of  Columbus,  Net).  The  exercises  consisted 
of  marching,  singing,  teaching  by  the  use  of  various 
objects,  including  pictures,  which  were  explained 
by  the  teachers,  and  questions  were  asked  which 
were  answered  in  concert  by  the  little  ones. 

A  printer's  apprentice,  Henry  J.  Rowland, 
having  occasion  to  visit  one  of  these  schools,  became 
interested  in  the  exercises,  and  being  at  the  time 
the  teacher  of  a  class  of  boys  in  the  First  Baptist 
Sabbath-school  in  Boston,  the  idea  occurred  to 
him  that  Scriptural  teaching  and  singing  would  in- 
terest young  children  in  the  Sabbath-soliool  ;  and, 
having  borrowed  some  of  the  pictures,  he  explained 
the  matter  at  a  teachers'  meeting,  and  proposed  its 
adoption.  It  was  at  once  sanctioned,  and  Mr. 
Ilowland  was  appointed  to  form  and  instruct  the 
new  class. 

In  December,  l!>29,  twenty  small  children  were 
led  to  the  gallery  of  the  First  Baptist  meeting- 
house in  Boston,  and,  with  the  aid  of  a  few  pictures 
representing  Bible  sulijects,  the  attempt  was  made 
to  instruct  them.  As  no  lesson  book  adapted  to 
such  a  class  was  to  be  found,  the  exercises  con- 
sisted in  repeating  in  concert  simple  hymns,  sing- 
ing the  same,  listening  to  Bible  stories,  illustrated 
by  the  pictures,  and  answering  questions  relating 
to  them.  The  instruction  was  repeated  till  each 
lesson  was  well  understood  by  the  children.  Men- 
tion was  made  of  the  new  system  in  the  Sunday- 
School  Treasury  and  other  publications,  and  many 


similar  classes  were  formed.  Inquiry  was  made 
for  lessons  and  pictures.  In  Juno  following  the 
lessons  prepared  by  Mr.  Ilowland,  with  brief  in- 
structions for  management,  were  published  in  Wor- 
cester, in  a  small  volume 
entitled  "Lessons  for 
Infant  Sabbath-Schools, 
with  a  Plan  for  Conduct- 
ing an  InfuntCIass."  This 
is  lielieved  to  have  been 
the  first  publication  of  the 
kind  in  existence.  A  sec- 
ond edition  was  called  for 
the  following  winter, 
which  was  stereotyped, 
and  bore  on  its  title-page 
the  name  of  the  author. 
Eight  or  ten  editions  were 
printed  and  sold  before  it 
was  superseded  by  the 
numerous  lesson  books 
since  pnlilished.  The  plan 
of  instruction  asoriginally 
practised  l)y  Mr.  Ilowland 
is  still  pursued  liy  the  best 
primary  Sunday-school  in- 
structors, with  very  little  variation,  except  in  the 
vastly  improved  helps  that  are  now  so  numerous. 

It  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  man  who  com- 
menced this  glorious  work  among  the  little  ones  is 
a  Baptist,  and  that  be  is  still  living  in  Worcester, 
Mass. 

Sunderland,  Rev.  James,  was  born  Dec.  16, 
1834,  near  llaworth,  Yorkshire,  England.  His 
father  emigrated  to  America  in  1844,  and  settled 
at  Busti,  Cbautauiiua  Co.,  N.  Y.  A  few  years 
later  he  died,  leaving  his  family  with  exhausted 
resources.  There  were  five  children,  of  whom 
James  was  the  oldest.  Both  father  and  mother 
were  devout  Christians,  members  of  the  Wesleyan 
Methodist  Church.  One  of  the  sons  is  now  Rev. 
J.  T.  Sunderland,  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  and  one 
of  the  daughters  is  Mrs.  J.  E.  Clough,  of  the 
Teloogoo  Mission.  James  Sunderland  was  con- 
verted in  18.i2,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  David  Ber- 
nard. He  taught  school  part  of  the  time  from  1853 
to  185.5.  In  the  spring  of  1855  he  went  AVest,  and 
settled  at  Strawberry  Point,  Clayton  Co.,  Iowa. 
He  engaged  mainly  in  teaching  and  mercantile 
pursuits  till  1860.  Among  his  pupils  was  J.  E. 
Clough,  now  of  the  Teloogoo  Mission.  In  the 
winter  of  1860  he  taught  in  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

The  question  of  duty  in  regard  to  preaching, 
which  had  been  pressing  him  for  years,  was  de- 
cided while  still  engaged  in  teaching.  In  1862  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Strawberry  Point  church.  He 
remained  on  the  field  till  November,  1866,  and  or- 
ganized churches  at  Volga  City  and  Y'ork.    He  was 


SUSPENSION 


1123 


SWAIM 


pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Vinton,  Iowa,  four 
yi'ars,  and  at  Sioux  City  three  and  a  half  years. 
While  at  Vinton  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Iowa  Baptist  Sunday-School  Union,  and  served  in 
that  position  for  six  years.  Impaired  health  com- 
pelled him  to  leave  the  active  pastorate  for  a  time, 
during  which  he  served  as  the  chaplain  of  the  Iowa 
State  Penitentiary  at  Fort  Madison  for  seven  months. 
In  the  spring  of  1875  he  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Otturawa,  Iowa,  and  continued  to 
serve  the  church  five  years.  In  October,  1877,  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention, and  is  now  giving  his  entire  time  to  the 
duties  of  that  position. 

Suspension  and  Excommunication.— The  two 
methods  of  treating  offenders  in  Bajitist  churches 
in  the  days  of  our  fathers  were  suspension  from 
the  privileges  of  the  church — that  is,  from  the 
Lord's  Supper  and  from  voting  at  church  meetings 
fir  a  limited  time — and  excommunication.  The 
former  was  resorted  to  for  lighter  offenses  which 
brought  religion  into  disrepute,  and  it  was  regarded 
as  a  very  proper  form  of  Church  Discipline.*  It 
is  still  in  use  in  some  of  our  churches;  the  latter 
is  the  final  resort  of  a  gospel  church  when  all  Chris- 
tian efforts  fail.  When  flagrant  dishonesty,  or 
adultery,  or  murder  is  the  crime  proved  against  a 
church  member,  no  amount  of  apparent  sorrow 
should  hiniler  his  immediate  expulsion.  In  all 
ordinary  cases,  preceding  excommunication,  the 
guilty  member  should  be  visited  by  representatives 
of  the  church  and  urged  to  repentance,  and  when 
he  still  maintains  a  spirit  of  wicked  indifference  to 
the  claims  of  God,  he  should  be  cited  to  appear  at 
a  meeting  of  the  church  to  show  cause  why  he 
should  not  be  excluded,  and  at  it  he  should  be 
solemnly  excommunicated. 

Sutcliffe,  Rev.  John,  was  born  near  Halifax, 
England,  Aug.  9,  1752.  Under  the  ministry  of 
Dr.  Fawcett  he  was  led  to  the  Saviour  when  he 
was  about  seventeen,  and  he  united  with  the  church 
at  Ilebden  Bridge.  By  this  church  he  was  called 
to  the  ministry  and  sent  to  Bristol  College.  In 
1775  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Olney.  It 
was  on  his  motion  that  the  Northamptonshire  As- 
sociation set  apart  an  hour  in  the  evening  of  the 
first  Monday  of  every  month  for  special  prayer  for 
the  success  of  the  gospel.  In  1789  lie  republislied 
Jonathan  Edwards's  "  Humble  Attempt  to  Promote 
Explicit  Agreement  and  Visible  Union  among 
God's  People  in  Extraordinary  Prayer  for  the  Re- 
vival of  Religion.''  This  work  at  that  time  gave 
great  help  to  the  convictions,  which  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  the  English  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety. In  a  sermon  preached  at  Clipstonc  in  April. 
1791,  Mr.  SutclifTe  fanned  the  kindling  missionary 

*  Treatise  on  Cliiirch  Discipline  in  t)ie  Pliiladelpbia  Coafeasiun 
of  Faitli  of  1743,  pp.  90,  97. 


flame  in  the  hearts  of  his  hearers.  From  the  for- 
mation of  the  society  in  1792  no  man,  except  Ful- 
ler, rendered  it  nobler  service  until  his  death,  June 
22,  1814.  Fuller,  Ryland,  Sutcliffe,  and  Pearce 
were  the  chief  friends  of  foreign  missions  in  Eng- 
land at  a  time  when  they  were  regarded  with  in- 
credulous contempt. 

Mr.  Sutcliffe  gathered  a  large  and  valuable  li- 
brary, wliich  he  left  to  Ilorton  College.  He  was 
full  of  gentleness,  and  of  a  devotional  spirit,  lie 
was  among  the  best  men  that  ever  lived. 

Sutton,  Revs.  David  and  John.— David  was  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  and  received  his  early  edu- 
cation at  Hopewell  Academy.  Five  brothers  en- 
tered the  ranks  of  the  Baptist  ministry.  David  and 
John  removed  to  the  Red  Stone  country,  the  former 
settling  on  the  Ten-Mile  River  and  the  latter  in 
Fayette  County.  The  church,  formerly  known  as 
the  Big  Bethel,  now  Uniontown,  owes  its  origin 
and  very  much  of  its  subsequent  prosperity  to 
the  labors  of  John.  This  church  was  the  mother 
of  many  other  surrounding  churches.  David  was 
also  signally  blessed  in  his  ministry.  The  revivals 
under  the  ministry  of  both  men  compare  favorably 
with  those  of  the  present  day,  and  in  depth  of 
feeling,  strength  of  conviction,  clearness  in  the 
evidences  of  a  sound  conversion,  combined  with 
permanent  growth,  are  even  more  marked.  A 
stalwart  class  of  Baptists  to  this  day  dwell  in  the 
region  once  swayed  by  the  teachings  of  Corbley, 
Patton,  the  Suttons,  and  men  of  their  distinctive 
type  of  preaching. 

At  the  time  of  their  settlement  the  entire  region 
of  the  Red  Stone  country  was  a  wilderness  in  its 
moral  and  spiritual,  as  well  as  in  its  natural  as- 
pects. Great  changes  have  occurred  since  that  day. 
The  wilderness  fairly  blossoms,  and  we  trust  the 
fruits  of  righteousness  abound.  The  time  of  the 
decease  of  these  brothers  is  not  known  by  the 
writer,  but  the  report  is  that  it  was  "  about  the 
year  1800." 

Suydam,  Asa,  was  born  near  Flemington,  N.  J., 
June  3,  1825;  baptized  by  Rev.  C.  W.  Mulford  at 
Flemington,  in  January,  1848.  He  is  a  practical 
farmer,  a  Bible-class  teacher,  a  valuable  helper  in 
the  church,  and  devoted  to  public  denominational 
interests.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  New  Jersey  Bap- 
tist State  Convention. 

Swaim,  Samuel  Budd,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pem- 
berton,  N.  J..  June  23,  1809.  A  part  of  his  pre- 
paratory studies  he  pursued  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
where  he  entered  Columbian  College  in  1826.  He 
completed  his  college  course  at  Brown  University, 
graduating  in  the  class  of  1830.  He  went  through 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  was  or- 
dained in  Haverhill,  Mass.  Five  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  different  localities,  one  of  them  in 
Granville,  O.,  as  an  instructor  in  theology  in  the 


SWALV 


1124 


SlVA.y 


college  in  that  place.  In  183S  he  was  called  to  the 
First  Baptist  clmrcli  in  Worccstoi-,  Mass.  He  was 
in  the  prime  of  his  life  and  usefulness,  and  the  six- 
teen years  of  his  past<irate  over  that  strong  cluireli 
developed  and  ripened  his  own  powers,  while  they 
made  his  influence  larf;ely  fell  in  the  community 
in  which  he  lived.  The  long  strain  upon  his 
nervous  system  compelled  him  to  resign  his  charge 
in  Worcester.  He  accepted  a  call  to  the  Bapti.st 
church  in  West  Oamln-idge,  where  he  labored  for 
eight  years,  and  then,  in  1S62,  he  acted  as  secre- 
tary for  New  England  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Missionai-y  Society.  Brown  University,  of 
which  he  was  a  trustee  for  eighteen  years,  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  hunorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinitv  in  1S')7.  Dr.  Swaim  died  in  Cambridge, 
JIass.,  Feb.  3,  18G5.  He  was  a  man  of  a  strong, 
vigorous  mind,  one  of  the  ablest  of  New  England 
Baptist  ministers. 
Swaim,  Judge  Thomas,  was  born   Dec.  22, 

ITfSo.  near  I'iscataway,  N.  J.  (as  is  supposed)  ;  lost 
Ills  father  in  childhood  ;  spent  his  youth  at  Con- 
nellsville.  Pa.,  where,  at  eighteen,  he  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Wm.  Parkinson,  of  New  York  City,  then 
on  an  evangelizing  tour  among  those  new  settle- 
ments in  Western  Pennsylvania.  At  twenty-one 
he  settled  at  Pcniberton,  N.  J.  (then  called  New- 
Mills),  began  business  for  himself,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  there.  Here  he  resided  some 
fifty-five  years,  acquired  property,  became  a  prom- 
inent man  in  the  county  of  Burlington,  and  for 
about  thirty  years  Was  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
County  Court, — for  a  large  part  of  the  time  its 
presiding  officer.  His  decisions  were  seldom  re- 
versed. He  lived  to  see  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war,  and  was  deeply  concerned  for  the  perpetuity 
of  the  Union  and  the  preservation  of  our  institu- 
tions. Being  a  devoted  and  earnest  Christian,  he 
was  early  chosen  deacon,  and  held  that  office  till 
his  death.  AVell  grounded  in  the  cardinal  truths 
of  the  gospel  un<lor  the  preaching  of  Daniel  Dodge, 
John  Itodgers,  and  other  prominent  ministers  of 
that  day,  a  positive  man  of  strong  convictions,  he 
"contended  earnestly  for  the  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints.''  Through  life  his  house  was  a  wel- 
come stopping-place  for  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  support  of  the  gospel 
at  home  and  in  the  benevolent  enterprises  of  the 
denomination.  He  ardently  espoused  the  cause  of 
faithful  versions  of  the  Bible,  and  was  a  warm 
supporter  and  vice-president  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  After  suffering  long,  he  died  triumphantly 
Sept.  15,  l.SOl.  He  gave  two  sons  to  the  ministry. 
Samuel  Swaim,  D.D.,  long  a  pastor  in  Massachu- 
setts, now  deceased,  and  Thomas  Swaim,  D.D., 
formerly  pastor  at  Flemington,  N.  J.,  and  now 
(1880)  district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  at  Philadelphia. 


Swaim,  Thomas,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Pembcr- 
ton,  \.  •!..  .March  .'.o,  1M7;  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity, but  graduated  from  Madison  University  in 
18-44,  and  I'roni  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
184();  was  ordained  in  November,  1840,  and  settled 
with  the  church  at  W:ishingtoii,  I'a.  After  fouryears 
of  successful  labor  he  accepted  the  agency  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  for  six  months, 
at  the  end  of  which  service  he  became  pastor  at 
Flemington,  N.  J.,  where  he  remained  for  sixteen 
years.  During  this  pastorate  nearly  30(1  were  bap- 
tized, and  a  new  and  larger  meeting-house  was  built. 
In  1867  he  accepted  the  financial  secretaryship  of 
the  New  Jersey  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute 
at  Hightstown.  In  1808  he  became  district  secre- 
tary of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, with  headquarters  at  Phila<ielpliia,  which 
[losition  he  now  hold.s.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred,  in  1865,  by  the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Dr.  Swaim  is  an  able  preacher  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, and  strong  in  his  ilefi'nse  of  Bible  doctrines 
as  held  by  the  denomination.  To  the  work  in 
which  he  is  now  engaged  he  gives  his  undivided 
energies,  and  zealously  labors  to  secure  for  the 
society  the  largest  share  of  the  sympathies  and 
contributions  of  the  churches. 

Swan,  Rev.  Jabez  Smith,  the  distinguished 

evangelist  of  Connecticut,  sun  of  Joshua  and  Esther 
(Smith)  Swan,  was  born  in  Stonington,  Conn..  Feb. 
23,  1800;  had  good  early  advantages;  aided  as 
powder-boy  in  the  defense  of  Stonington,  Aug.  '.t 
and  10,  1814;  removed  with  his  parents  to  Lyme, 
Conn.,  about  1816;  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one, — a  deep  experience ;  baptized  by  Ilev.  Wni.  Pal- 
mer; felt  called  to  preach  :  licensed  in  .May,  1822: 
studied  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Insti- 
tution, N.  Y.  :  settled  with  Stonington  Borough 
Baptist  church,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained  June  20, 
1827;  began  as  an  evangelist;  settled  in  Norwich, 
N.  Y.,  in  1830;  greatly  blessed  in  preaching  far 
and  near;  settled  with  Baptist  church  in  Preston, 
N.  Y.,  in  18.>7;  prospered  in  revivals  around; 
in  1840  settled  with  church  in  Oxford,  N.  Y., 
and  prospered  ;  returned  to  Connecticut  in  1842, 
ivnd  conducted  remarkable  meetings  at  Stonington 
Borough,  Mystic  Bridge,  and  New  London,  also  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.  ;  in  1S43  settled  with  First  Baptist 
church  in  New  London,  Conn.  ;  great  blessings 
fidlowed;  preached  widely  as  an  evangelist,  going 
even  to  Charlestown,  Ma.ss.  ;  in  1848  settled  with 
High  Street  church  in  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  in  1849  re- 
turned to  New  London,  Conn.,  and  became  first 
pastor  of  Huntington  Street  church  ;  another  pow- 
erful revival ;  labored  in  Providence.  I!.  I.  :  in  1858 
settled  with  Second  church  in  New  London  ;  al- 
ways going  out  as  an  evangelist;  began  in  1860 
as  a  State  missionary  with  Rev.  M.  E.  Shailer; 
greatly  blessed  through  the  State ;  again  labored  as 


SlTAiV 


1125 


SWANZEY 


•■-vangelist  in  New  York  State ;  settled  with  Bap- 
tist eliuicli  in  Watcrford,  Conn. ;  siifiFered  from 
overworlc  from  lS4l!  down  to  his  hist  cluir^e ;  pow- 
erful in   his  sermons  and  in  addresses ;  a  mighty 


REV.    JAIIEZ    SMITH    SVV.^.N. 

man  in  prayer;  strong  advocate  of  education  and 
missions  ;  the  most  powerful  preaclier  as  an  evan- 
gelist ever  known  in  Connecticut.  A  sketch  of  his 
■'  Life  and  Labors, "  an  octavo,  was  published  in 
1873,  prepared  for  the  press  by  Uev.  V.  Uenison  : 
more  than  1U,(JOO  conversions  occurred  under  his 
ministry. 

His  son,  Kev.  Charles  Y.  Swan,  D.D.,  a  very  able 
and  successful  minister,  died  in  1880.  At  the  time 
of  his  decease  he  was  the  honored  pastor  of  South 
church  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

Swan,  Eev.  Thomas,  for  many  years  the  emi- 
nent and  successful  pastor  of  the  Cannon  Street 
church,  Birmingham,  England,  was  burn  at  Man- 
chester, Jan.  .'),  1795  ;  baptized  by  Kev.  Christopher 
Anderson  at  Kdinburgh  in  1817  ;  he  was  called  to 
the  ministry,  and  entered  Bristol  College  in  18:21. 
In  182.')  he  proceeded  to  India  to  take  part  in  the 
work  of  Serampore  College,  but  returned  to  Eng- 
land by  way  of  America  in  1S2S.  He  settled  at 
Birmingham  in  the  beginning  of  1829,  and  for 
twenty-eight  years  held  the  pastorate  of  the  Can- 
non Street  church.  During  that  period  he  baptized 
966  per.sons,  a  yearly  average  of  nearly  tliirtytive. 
lie  died  on  March  9,  1857,  and  was  buried  at  Bir- 
mingham amidst  a  large  concourse  of  friends  and 
fellow-citizens.  It  is  recorded  of  him  that  he  al- 
ways read  his  sermons.     His  pastoral  care  of  the 


large  congregation  was  a  remarkable  characteristic 
of  his  career. 

Swanzey  Church  is  the  oldest  Baptist  church 
in  Massachusetts,  and  only  twenty-four  years 
younger  than  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Provi- 
dence, K.  I., — the  one  having  been  formed  in  1039 
and  the  other  in  1663.  The  founder  of  the  churcli 
was  Uev.  John  Miles,  who  came  with  a  colony  fronj 
Swansea,  in  Wales,  and  settled  in  a  section  of  what 
was  tlien  Kehoboth,  but  subscr|uently  was  set  off, 
and  received  the  name  of  Swanzey,  in  memory  of 
the  home  from  which  many  of  its  settlers  came. 

The  Swansea  church  of  Wales,  from  which  the 
members  of  the  Swanzey,  Mass.,  church  chiefly 
came,  bringing  the  old  church  records  with  Ihem,  in 
1663,  was  founded  in  1049,  and  at  one  time  was  in 
a  highly  prosperous  condition,  liaving  on  tlie  roll 
of  its  members  the  names  of  265  persons.  The 
■■  Actof  Uniformity,"  passed  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.,  in  1G62,  which  expelled  2000  ministers  from 
their  churches,  reached  the  somewhat  secluded 
Welsh  town  of  Swansea,  and  Mr.  Miles  went  into 
e.\ile,  many  of  bis  flock  following  him  to  this 
country,  and  settled,  as  has  already  been  said,  in 
what  is  now  known  as  Swanzey,  Mass.,  and  entered 
into  church  relations  there  in  1C63.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  his  brethren  who  were  called  to 
suffer  persecution  for  their  religious  opinions.  It 
is  said  that  "  he  labored  frequently  with  his  breth- 
ren in  Boston  in  the  time  of  their  trials,  and  at  one 
period  it  was  proposed  that  he  should  become  their 
pastor.  Being  once  brought  before  the  magistrate  for 
preaching,  he  requested  a  Bible,  and  opened  to  these 
words  in  Job :  "  But  ye  should  say.  Why  persecute 
we  him  ?  seeing  the  root  of  the  matter  is  in  me," 
which,  having  read,  he  sat  down,  and  such  an  effect 
bad  the  sword  of  the  Spirit  that  he  was  afterwards 
treated  with  moderation  if  not  with  kindness. 
'■  What  few  sketches  have  been  preserved  of  his 
life,"  says  Dr.  Benedict,  "go  to  show  that  he  bore 
an  excellent  character,  and  was  eminently  useful 
in  his  day.  "  He  died  Feb.  3,  1683.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  Samuel  Luther,  who  had  represented 
the  town  of  Swanzey  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  cliurch  July  22,  1685. 
'•  He  was  much  esteemed,"  says  Backus,  '"both  at 
home  and  abroad."  His  ministry  continued  thirty- 
twoyears.  his  death  occurring  in  1717.  For  thirteen 
years  Uev.  Ephraim  Wheaton  had  been  a  colleague 
with  Mr.  Luther,  and  on  the  decease  of  his  vener- 
able associate  he  became  S(de  pastor  of  the  church. 
His  ministry  was  much  blessed  to  the  spiritual 
prosperity  of  the  church.  It  was  ended  by  his 
death  in  1734.  Uev.  Samuel  Ma.xwell,  who  had 
been  colleague  with  Mr.  Wheaton  for  a  few  months, 
took  his  place  on  his  decease;  hut  becoming  a 
Seventh-Day  Baptist,  he  resigned  his  pastorate 
after  a  few  years.     The  next  psistor  was  Rev.  Ben- 


SWARTZ 


1126 


SWEDEN 


jaiuin  IIariin<;ton,  in  office  ii  few  years,  and  left 
underiiclouil  of  suspicion  restinj;  on  liis  cliaractor. 
Rev.  Jabez  Wood  was  the  next  minister,  continu- 
ing in  office  altout  tliirty  years,  and  was  followed 
l)y  Rev.  Cliarles  Thompson,  a  sketch  of  whose  life 
will  be  found  in  tliis  volume.  The  church  had  a 
large  number  of  pastors  and  supplies  for  quite  a 
term  of  years,  until  we  come  down  to  1S36,  when 
Dr.  Abial  Fisher  was  chosen  pastor  and  held  the 
office  for  ten  years.  We  thus  bring  tlie  history  of 
tliis  ancient  cliurch  down  to  1846,  wliere  we  leave 
it.  Like  all  the  old  towns  in  the  eastern  section 
of  Massachusetts,  Swanzey  has  suffered  from  the 
removal  of  its  inhal^itants  to  other  places,  but  still 
the  ol<l  cliurch  maintains  its  visible  existence,  and 
preserves  the  purity  of  its  ancient  faith  and  order. 
SwartZ,  James  S,,  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  Pa.,  .March  21,  1S40;  was  baptized  at  Falls 
of  Schuylkill,  Philadelphia,  by  Rev.  N.  J.  Clark, 
March  21,  1S.58  ;  is  still  connected  with  the  church 
at  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  and  has  for  a  number  of 
years  been  the  efficient  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school. He  is  also  treasurer  of  the  I'hiladel- 
phia  Baptist  Association,  and  prominently  con- 
nected with  the  nninagement  of  city  and  State 
mission  work,  lie  is  a  man  of  marked  integrity 
and  inti'Iligcncc. 

Sweden,  the  Baptists  in. — A  young  Swedish 
sailor,  by  the  name  of  W.  Schroeder,  was  one  Lord's 
day  morning  led  to  the  Baptist  Mariners'  church  in 
New  York,  then  under  the  care  of  Rev.  I.  R.  Stew- 
ard, lie  had  been  converted  during  his  voyage  to 
the  United  States.  On  that  Sabbath  morning  two 
sailors  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Steward.  It  was  the 
first  time  that  .Mr.  Schroeder  ever  saw  the  ordinance 
of  baptism.  After  a  few  weeks  he  was  baptized 
himself. 

On  his  return  to  Sweden  he  met  a  Swedish  sailor 
by  the  name  of  F.  O.  Nilson,  who  was  laboring  in 
that  country  as  a  missionary  among  sailors,  under 
the  patronage  of  the  Seamen's  Friend  Society  of 
New  York.  Through  a  remark  make  by  Mr. 
Schroeder  Mr.  Nilson  was  led  to  investigate  the 
subject  of  baptism.  In  July,  1847,  he  also  was 
baptized,  by  Rev.  J.  G.  Oncken  in  Hamburg.  On 
the  21st  of  September,  1848,  his  wife  and  four 
others  were  baptized  in  the  Kattegat,  near  Gtitten- 
burg,  Ijy  a  Ba|)tist  missionary  from  Denmark,  and 
the  same  evening  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Swe- 
den was  organized.  It  consisted  of  six  members. 
Mr.  Nilson  went  around  preaching  and  baptizing 
until  the  number  of  baptized  believers  was  fifty- 
two. 

But  this  could  not  be  .allowed  by  the  Lutheran 
Romanism  of  Sweden.  Consequently,  Mr.  Nilson 
received  sentence  of  banishment  in  July,  1851,  and 
was  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  Denmark.  In  conse- 
quence of  bitter  persecution  the  majority  of  the 


church   emigrated    to   America  in   the  spring  of 
1S53. 

The  Baptists  who  remained  suffered  severe  per- 
secution, being  often  fined  and  brought  before  the 
Consistory,  the  Inquisition  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
in  Sweden,  on  a  charge  of  not  having  had  their 
children  baptized,  and  of  falling  away  from  the 
orthodox  faith. 

While  these  efforts  were  made  to  crush  the  move- 
ment in  the  south  of  Sweden,  a  new  interest  was 
springing  up  in  the  northern  part  of  the  country. 
A  few  persons  in  Stockholm  who  had  been  brought 
to  a  saving  knowledge  of  Christ  had  begun  to  en- 
tertain doubts  as  to  the  validity  of  infant  baptism. 
Among  these  was  a  furrier  named  D.  Forsell.  Just 
at  this  time,  Andrew  Wiberg.  whose  name  is  fa- 
miliar to  American  Baptists,  was,  in  the  providence 
of  God,  led  to  Stockholm,  and  his  name  has  since 
then  been  identified  not  only  with  the  Baptist  move- 
ment in  Sweden,  but  with  all  Christian  work.  Born 
in  the  north  of  Sweden  in  1817,  he  commenced  his 
career  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  but  his  love  for  books 
soon  led  him  to  abandon  this  occupation  and  to 
devote  himself  to  study.  As  a  student,  he  embraced 
skeptical  ideas.  But  some  one  made  the  remark 
to  him  once  that  the  Bible  after  all  might  be  true, 
and,  if  so,  it  would  be  a  fearful  thing  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  living  God.  This  remark  left  him 
dissatisfied  with  his  skeptical  views,  and  that  awful 
"  if"  haunted  him  night  and  day.  So  intense  were 
his  feelings  that  he  had  no  peace  until  he  found 
peace  in  Christ ;  this  took  place  in  1842.  In  the 
following  year  he  was  ordained  as  a  clergyman  of 
the  Lutheran  Church,  and  he  remained  as  a  min- 
ister in  that  church  until  1849.  During  this  time 
he  preached  Christ  and  him  crucified  fearlessly  and 
faithfully,  not  only  in  the  pulpits  of  the  state 
church,  but  in  obscure  villages  and  farm-houses  in 
the  country,  and  the  Lord  blessed  his  labors  to  the 
salvation  of  many.  But  the  relation  with  the  state 
church  troubled  him,  and  in  1849  he  resigned  his 
office.  In  18.50  he  traveled  from  tlie  north  of  Swe- 
den to  Stockholm.  There  he  met  with  those  breth- 
ren who  were  exercised  on  the  subject  of  ba[itism. 
In  1851  he  accompanied  Mr.  Forsell  to  Hamburg, 
where  he  met  with  the  brethren  J.  G.  Oncken  and 
J.  Kobuer,  with  whom  he  entered  into  earnest  dis- 
cussions on  the  subject,  but  continued  firm  in  his 
belief  in  infant  baptism.  On  his  return  to  Stock- 
holm he  began  to  study  the  subject  thoroughly. 
The  result  was  that  he  became  convinced  that  the 
immersion  of  believers  was  the  only  Scriptural 
baptism,  and,  accordingly,  he  wrote  his  first  work 
on  baptism,  an  octavo  volume  of  320  pages,  which 
was  published  in  Upsala  in  1852. 

His  health  having  failed,  a  sea-voyage  was  rec- 
ommended by  his  physician.  He  left  Stockholm 
for  the  United   States,  July  17,  1852.     The  vessel 


SWEDEN 


1127 


SWEDEN 


stopped  at  the  island  of  Ainager,  near  Copenhagen, 
and  here  Mr.  Wiberg  was  baptized  in  the  Baltic, 
on  July  2.'!,  by  F.  O.  Nilson.  lie  remained  two 
years  in  America.  During  this  time  tlie  religious 
movement  was  making  considerable  progress  in 
Sweden.  There  was  also  an  interest  awakened 
among  the  Christians  in  America  for  Sweden.  In 
August,  1855,  Mr.  Wiberg  received  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety to  labor  as  superintendent  of  missionary  work 
in  Sweden.  On  the  evening  of  Aug.  23,  1855,  a 
farewell  meeting  was  held  at  the  Fifth  church, 
San.som  Street.  Philadelphia,  at  which  he  was  pub- 
licly set  apart  for  the  work,  and  at  the  same  time 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Caroline  Lintemuth, 
who  was  a  member  of  that  churcli  and  a  faithful 
laborer  in  the  Sunday-school.  During  her  twenty- 
five  years  of  missionary  labor  in  Sweden,  Mrs.  Wi- 
berg has,  under  many  difficulties  and  hardships, 
faithfully  and,  we  may  also  say,  heroically  stood  by 
the  side  of  her  husbaml  as  a  true,  loyal  helper  in 
his  missionary  work. 

During  Mr.  Wiberg's  absence  from  Sweden  the 
work  there  had  increased  year  by  year.  The  treat- 
ise on  baptism,  which  he  wrote  in  1852,  bad  been 
liublished  and  extensively  circulated,  and  created 
a  great  sensation.  By  reading  it  many  were  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  with  regard  to  baptism,  and 
wished  to  be  baptized.  As  there  was  no  one  to 
:idniinister  the  ordinance.  Brother  P.  F.  Ilejden- 
berg  went  to  Hamburg  in  the  spring  of  1854,  and 
was  there  baptized  and  ordained.  On  his  return 
to  Sweden  he  baptized  in  different  parts  of  the 
country  a  number  of  believers,  and,  at  the  close  of 
the  year,  there  were  about  20U  baptized  converts. 
The  following  year — 1855 — was  marked  by  a  still 
greater  increase,  so  that  at  its  close  the  number 
had  increased  to  500. 

But  the  state  churcli  could  not  allow  tliis  move- 
ment. Brother  Ileidcnberg  was  within  a  short 
period  summoned  sixteen  times  to  appear  before 
judicial  tribunals  to  answer  the  charge  of  having 
held  religious  meetings  contrary  to  law,  and  he  re- 
ceived eiglit  imprisonments,  each  Lasting  from  two 
to  fourteen  days.  In  the  same  year  persecution 
was  carried  on  in  several  provinces  of  the  country. 
Thus,  ('.(/.,  Brother  D.  Forsell  was  sentenced  to  a 
tine  of  100  crowns  for  preacliing  tlie  gospel,  and 
5  crowns  in  addition  for  violation  of  the  Sabbath 
in  preaching  on  Sunday. 

On  their  arrival  in  Stockholm,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wiberg  found  a  little  band  of  24  baptized  be- 
lievers. The  first  Ba|)tist  Sunday-school  in  Swe- 
den was  opened  with  22  cliildren.  wliicli  number 
soon  increased  to  150. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Wiberg  started  a  semi-montlily  re- 
ligious paper,  called  the  Evangelist.  In  the  same 
year   tlie    Missionary    Union    of    Stockholm    was 


formed,  and  four  evangelists  sent  out  into  the 
field.  Great  good  has  been  done  through  this  and 
other  similar  societies  afterwards  formed  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  country. 

At  the  close  of  1850  there  were  21  Baptist 
cliurches  in  the  country,  with  901  members  and 
24  preachers.  As  the  cause  progressed  persecu- 
tion grew  fiercer,  and  fines  and  imprisonments 
were  reported  almost  every  week.  Some  persons 
oven  died  from  barbarous  punishment.  The  fol- 
lowing year  1292  were  baptized,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  year  we  had  2105  church  members,  45 
churches,  and  44  preachers. 

Even  in  this  year  severe  persecution  continued 
to  rage,  especially  in  the  south  of  Sweden.  There 
the  authorities  seized  upon  our  Baptist  preachers 
and  imprisoned  them  whenever  they  found  tlicm 
outside  the  limits  of  their  own  parisli.  Six  of  our 
brethren  were  at  one  time  imprisoned  in  solitary 
confinement  at  Christianstad,  and  some  were 
treated  most  barbarously.  One  of  them,  a  blind 
evangelist,  was  confined  in  this  prison  eight  days 
for  having  circulated  religious  books  and  tracts. 
When  he  was  taken  from  prison  an  iron  chain  was 
attached  to  one  of  his  ankles,  and  he  was  then 
taken  in  a  pri.son-van  to  another  station,  where 
new  irons  were  put  upon  him.  In  this  condition 
lie  was  sent  back  to  his  home,  and  compelled  to 
]iay  a  considerable  sum  of  money.  As  lie  bad  no 
money  of  his  own,  they  took  what  he  had  received 
from  the  sale  of  books,  and  also  a  watch  which  he 
wore,  but  which  was  not  his  own.  Another  ev.in- 
gelist  and  colporteur  was  seized,  severely  beaten, 
stripped  of  his  clothing,  thrown  into  cold  water, 
had  his  hair  cut  close  to  his  head,  was  dressed  in 
a  thin  prisoner's  dress,  and  then  cast  into  a  damp 
cell  in  the  cold  season  of  the  year.  There  he  was 
seized  with  an  illness,  from  which  he  never  fully 
recovered. 

In  the  following  year — 1858 — our  membership 
increased  to  3487  in  G9  cliurches. 

At  this  time  a  young  nobleman  by  the  name  of 
A.  Drake,  who  had  studied  for  the  ministry  at  the 
University  of  Upsala,  joined  our  denomination. 
He  has  since  proved  to  be  one  of  "  the  excellent 
of  the  earth,"  working  most  faithfully  and  efli- 
ciently  as  an  editor  of  our  denominational  paper. 
The  Weekly  I'tisl.  and  as  a  teacher  in  our  tlicologi- 
cal  seminary,  not  to  mention  his  work  in  many 
other  branches  of  Christian  enterprise. 

As  the  meeting-house  of  the  Baptists  in  Stock- 
holm had  for  a  long  time  been  too  small  to  contain 
all  who  attended  worship,  and  as  the  church  in 
Stockholm  had  no  means  for  erecting  a  larger 
house,  Mr.  AViberg  undertook,  in  tlie  year  1801,  a 
journey  to  England,  and  succeeded  in  collecting 
£1100.  But  as  this  sum  was  entirely  too  small  to 
justify  an  attempt  to  build,  he,  with  Mrs.  Wiberg, 


SlVEDfjy 


1128 


SWEET 


left  a<;ain  in  August,  1863,  for  America,  to  collect 
for  the  same  purpose.  There  they  received  a 
hearty  welcome  in  many  places  and  from  laany 
dear  Cliristian  friends,  who  tooli  a  lively  interest 
in  tlie  Swedish  ISIission.  Knring  their  stay  in 
America  they  met  Mr.  K.  O.  Broady,  a  Swede  hy 
birth,  who  had  studied  for  tlie  ministry  at  Madiscin 
University,  and  aftervianls  served  in  tlie  war. 
They  also  met  A.  E.  Edgren,  D.D.,  wlio  liud 
studied  at  the  same  place,  and  served  in  the  war. 
These  brethren  were,  togetlier  with  Mr.  WiIkm-l;, 
appointed  missionaries  to  Sweden,  and  .sailed  from 
America  the  Ifitli  of  June,  1860.  Mr.  Broady  has 
since  then  been  laboring  as  superintendent  of  our 
theological  seminary,  established  the  .same  year, 
and  also  as  a  prominent  preacher.  Dr.  Edgren  re- 
turned in  a  few  years  to  America,  and  has  done  a 
good  work  as  principal  of  the  Scandinavian  de- 
partment in  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in 
Chicago. 

The  work  from  that  time  till  now  has  wonder- 
fully increased,  so  that  the  Baptists  in  Sweden 
number  to-day  about  20,000,  united  in  300  churches. 
They  have  also  many  missionary  societies  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country.  They  have  been  the 
pioneers  of  Sunday-school  work,  and  they  have 
about  1 7,000  scholars  in  their  Sunday-schools,  witli 
2000  teachers.  We  have  also,  after  many  difficul- 
ties, recently  had  a  hymn-book  prepared  for  our 
denominatiiin. 

But,  though  the  results  of  past  labors  are  thus 
far  encouraging,  very  much  remains  to  be  done. 
Tlie  country  at  large,  though  nominally  Protestant, 
is  still  sunk  in  ignorance,  superstition,  bigotry,  in- 
tolerance, and  vice.  The  Baptists  in  Sweden  are 
poor.  Out  of  300  churches  there  are  only  five  or 
six  who  can  support  their  own  ministers,  and  the 
prospect  for  our  young  men  who  go  out  from  our 
theological  seminary  is  certainly  not  very  bright. 
We  have  also,  as  yet,  the  same  opposition  and  the 
same  persecution  to  contend  against.  Only  a  few 
days  ago  a  young,  earnest,  and  good  Baptist  min- 
ister, in  the  .south  of  Sweden,  was  sentenced  to  a 
tine  of  100  crowns  for  having  preached  the  gospel 
to  the  people  against  the  pi-ohibition  of  the  church 
council.  Only  three  years  ago  he  was  imprisoned 
fifty-one  days  for  the  same  cause,  .and.  as  he  has 
no  money  to  pay  the  fine,  he  will  be  imprisoned 
the  second  time.  This  is  the  latest  addition  to 
the  black-list  of  similar  deeds  perpetrated  by  the 
Lutheran  State  Church  of  Sweden. 

Sweet,  Rev.  Joel,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1795,  in 
Burlington,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  father  was  an 
ordained  Baptist  minister,  who,  removing  to  Illinois 
about  1820,  died  near  Jacksonville,  in  that  State, 
in  1837.  The  son  Joel  having  experienced  a  change 
of  heart  in  1813,  was  baptized  in  1817,  uniting 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  Virgil  Corners,  Cort- 


land Co.,  N.  Y.  In  1825,  removing  to  Homer,  lie 
came  under  the  personal  influence  of  Kev.  Alfred 
Heniiett,  who  now  became  his  pastor,  and  under 
that  influence  found  his  convictions  of  duty  as  to 
the  Christian  ministry  much  strengthened.  About 
two  years  later  he  decided  to  devote  himself  to  that 
work,  and  preached  his  first  sermon  at  Lisle,  in 
Broome  Count3',  to  which  place  he  h.ad  in  the  mean 
time  removed.  An  interesting  revival  occurred  at 
this  place,  beginning  in  a  Bible-class  taught  by 
Mr.  Sweet,  and  in  this  revival  one  afterwards  well 
known  in  the  ministry  of  Illinois,  Kev.  I'.  Ketchem, 
was  converted.  Mr.  Sweet  now  determined  to 
make  the  West  his  future  home,  and  Feb.  23,  1830, 
arrived  at  Diamond  Grove,  near  Jacksonville,  III. 
He  immediately  entered  with  great  energy  into 
Western  work,  becoming  especially  conspicuous  for 
the  vigor  with  which  he  a,«sailed  the  anti-mission- 
ary, anti-Sunday-school,  and  anti-temperance  influ- 
ences in  the  midst  of  which  he  found  himself;  his 
first  special  engagement  being  as  .a  temperance  lec- 
turer under  the  appointment  of  the  New  York 
State  Temperance  Society  ;  afterwards  agent  of  the 
American  .Sunday-School  Union.  He  was  ordained 
at  Diamond  Grove  in  1833.  In  his  agency  work 
he  traveled  very  extensively  through  Central  Illi- 
nois, and  was  the  means  of  great  good  in  giving 
right  direction  to  puljlic  sentiment,  founding  Sun- 
day-schools, and  encouraging  weak  churches.  He 
was  subsequently  engaged  in  fruitful  missionary 
work  in  Springfield  and  Quincy  Associations.  He 
also  served  as  pastor  the  churches  of  Mount  Ster- 
ling, Meridian,  Barry,  Lamarsh,  and  Treville.  He 
died  at  the  house  of  his  son,  E.  D.  L.  Sweet,  Esq., 
in  Chicago,  May  8,  1857. 

Sweet,  Rev.  John  Davis,  was  born  in  Kings- 
ton, .Mass.,  Oct.  10,  IN3S.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Lyman  School,  East  Boston,  and 
was  fitted  for  college  in  the  Middleborough  Acad- 
emy and  at  tlie  Cambridge  High  School.  In  these 
preparatory  schools  he  took  the  first  rank  in  schol- 
arship, deportment,  and  attendance.  So  fixr  ad- 
vanced was  he  in  his  studies  that  he  was  able  to 
enter  the  Sophomore  class  in  Harvard  College  in 
1857.  Here  he  stood  very  high  in  his  class,  and 
was  prosecuting  his  work  with  success  when  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  abandon  study  for  a  time 
and  seek  restoration  by  travel  in  Europe.  He  had 
become  a  hopeful  Christian  while  a  student  in  the 
Middleborough  Academy,  and  the  ministry  was  his 
chosen  vocation.  The  failure  of  his  health,  how- 
ever, compelled  him  to  lay  aside  his  plans  with 
reference  to  preaching.  About  the  commencement 
of  the  year  IS02  he  embarked  in  business  in  old 
Camliridge,  Mass.,  connecting  hiiiLself  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place,  and  becoming  one  of 
its  most  active  members.  His  health  improving, 
his  former  desire  to  enter  the  Christian  ministry 


SWEET 


1129 


SYDXOR 


revived,  ami  he  ileciileJ  to  give  up  his  business. 
He  was  ordained  in  October,  1863,  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Billerica,  Mass.,  where  he  re- 
mained five  years,  lie  was  then  called  to  the  im- 
portant position  of  pastor  of  tlie  First  Baptist 
church  in  Somerville,  Mass.,  being  installed  May 
4,  1S6S.  In  the  midst  of  a  career  of  great  useful- 
ness he  died  at  the  early  age  of  thirty  years.  Not 
long  before  his  death  he  made  arrangements  for 
the  payment  of  §10,000  to  the  Missionary  Union 
at  his  decease,  subject  to  the  condition  that  the 
interest  on  this  sum  should  be  paid  to  his  wife 
during  her  lite. 

Sweet,  Rev.  Sylvester  E.,  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Elkhorn,  AVis.,  was  born  in  Leeds 
Co.,  Canada  West,  in  1S39.  He  passed  his  early 
childhood  in  the  place  of  his  birth,  but  when  six 
years  of  age  he  became  a  resident  of  Wisconsin. 
He  was  almost  at  the  same  time  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources,  and  very  earlj'  in  life  developed  that 
independence  of  character  which  has  signally 
marked  his  subsequent  career.  He  obtained  a  hope 
in  Christ  when  twenty-three  years  of  age,  and  a 
few  years  later,  in  1867,  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Lone  Rook,  Wis.  Having  determined  to 
prepare  himself  for  the  Christian  ministry,  he  began 
a  course  of  studies  with  a  view  of  fitting  himself 
for  that  work.  Having  finished  his  preparatory 
studies  at  Silsby's  Academy,  he  entered  Wayland 
University  in  1870,  and  completed  the  prescribed 
course  of  that  institution.  He  was  ordained  in 
1870  at  Marble  llidge,  Sauk  Co..  Wis.,  Uev.  Joel 
W.  Fish  being  moderator  of  the  council  and  preach- 
ing the  sermon.  He  has  been  pastor  at  De  Soto 
two  years,  Beaver  Dam  two  years,  Trempeleau 
three  years,  Monticello  Prairie  and  Albany  two 
years,  and  is  at  present  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
churches  at  Elkhorn  and  Sugar  Creek.  During  his 
ministry  his  labors  have  been  largely  blessed. 

Possessed  of  great  energy  and  decision,  com- 
l)ined  with  fine  business  tact  and  devoted  piety,  he 
has  shown  himself  a  good  preacher,  a  good  pastor, 
and  a  successful  laborer  in  the  vineyard  of  the 
Muster. 

Swinney,  Rev.  C.  P.,  M.D.,  a  prominent  and 
useful  minister  in  South  Arkansas,  was  born  in 
1837.  He  began  his  ministry  among  the  Method- 
ists, and  came  to  Arkansas  from  Mississippi  as  a 


Methodist  preacher  just  before  the  late  war. 
A  careful  examination  of  the  action  and  sub- 
jects of  baptism  led  to  a  change  of  views,  and 
he  united  with  the  Baptists  at  Atlanta,  Ark.,  about 
1863,  and  was  soon  after  ordained  as  ii  Baptist 
minister,  and  entered  upon  a  successful  work  in 
Columbia  Co.,  Ark.,  and  in  the  adjoining  part.s  of 
Louisiana.  He  had  many  converts,  some  of  whom 
have  become  useful  ministers.  For  some  years  past 
he  has  pursued  the  practice  of  medicine  in  connec- 
tion with  the  ministry.     He  died  June,  1880. 

Sydnor,  T.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Hanover 
Co.,  Va.,  June  1,  1816.  He  was  brought  up  a 
Presbyterian,  was  awakened  umlor  a  sermon 
preached  by  Dr.  W.  S.  Plumer,  and  baptized  in 
1831  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church,  Richmond,  Va.  In  183.5  ho  entered  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Seminary  (Richmond  College), 
and  in  183.5  the  Columbian  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1838,  afterwards  spending  two  years  at 
Newton  Theological  !>pminary.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Rich- 
mond in  1836,  and  ordained  at  Bruingtun  church, 
King  and  Queen  Co.,  in  1841.  During  1841  sup- 
plied that  church  ;  during  1842  was  an  agent  for  the 
Columbian  College  ;  during  1843  pastor  at  Farm- 
ville  ;  during  1844-45  was  agent  of  the  Baptist  Gen- 
eral Convention  fur  Foreign  Missions;  and  during 
1846  agent  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
From  1847,  through  a  period  of  thirty  years.  Dr. 
Sydnor  preached  for  several  churches  in  Nottoway 
Co.,  Va..  where  he  has  been  greatly  blessed,  having 
baptized  more  than  3000  persons.  In  1870  he  was 
appointed  county  superintendent  of  public  schools. 
He  has  been  in  tlie  employ  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  in  Sunday-school  work 
among  the  colored  population,  lie  is  connected 
with  several  of  the  boards  of  the  denomination, 
and  has  frequently  presided  as  moderator  in  Asso- 
ciations, and  is  a  trustee  of  Richmond  College.  He 
has  published  several  excellent  sermons,  and  is  a 
frequent  contributor  to  the  lieligious  Herald.  Dr. 
Sydnor's  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Chapin, 
of  the  Columbian  College.  A  very  promising  son 
of  his,  studying  for  the  ministry,  lost  his  life  in  the 
battle  of  Sharpsburg,  Mil.  The  Columbian  College 
conferred  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  on  Mr.  Syd- 
nor in  1873. 


72 


TAFT 


1130 


TALBIRD 


T. 


Taft,  Sylvanus  Adon,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Mendon.  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1825.  In  IS.'iO  his  parents 
removed  to  Washington,  Midi.,  where  he  confessed 
the  Saviour,  and  was  immersed  at  Stoney  Creek, 
when  he  was  eleven  years  old,  by  Rev.  G.  D.  Sim- 
mons, lie  was  educated  at  Romeo,  Rochester, 
Michigan  University,  Rochester  University,  and 
Rochester  Theological  Seminai-y  ;  was  ordained  at 
Stoney  Creek,  Mich.,  in  1845;  graduated  at  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.,  in  1852.  lie  was  pastor  at  Stoney 
Creek,  Mount  Vernon,  Ypsilanti,  and  IIolley,Mich.; 
Webster,  N.  Y.  -.  Quincy.  III. ;  Bethel,  Palmyra,  and 
Macon,  Mo. ;  Santa  Rosa  and  Yacaville,  Cal.  ;  re- 
moving to  the  Pacific  coast  in  1875.  During  his 
pastorates  he  has  been  largely  engaged  as  an  in- 
structor. He  was  principal  of  Disco  Seminary  one 
year;  Oxford  Institute,  three  years  ;  Fenton  High 
School,  four  years;  president  of  tlie  Baptist  college 
at  Palmyra  three  years,  and  of  California  College 
one  year.  He  is  the  author  of  the  work  entitled 
'•  An  Epitome  of  the  Gospel."  Dr.  Taft  is  a  clear 
thinker,  ready  speaker,  warm  in  his  sympathies, 
and  an  influential  and  honored  leader  in  the  de- 
nomination. 

Taggart,  Rev.  John  M.,  was  born  near  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,  Nov.  17,  1817,  of  Scotch-Irish  an- 
cestry. His  early  years  were  spent  in  that  city. 
Driven  by  the  crash  of  1S37  to  seek  employment 
elsewhere,  he  went  to  the  city  of  Washington,  and 
remained  there  about  four  years.  Then  he  re- 
moved to  Kentucky,  where,  under  the  ministrations 
of  Eldor  Wm.  Vaughan,  he  was  converted,  and  bap- 
tized at  Bloomfiold,  NeLson  Co.  He  was  licensed 
to  preacli  by  the  Bloomfield  church  in  November, 
1843,  and  ordained  Dec.  27,  1845.  Removed  sub- 
sequently to  Illinois,  and  spent  several  years  at 
Jacksonville.  In  1855  removed  to  Nebraska,  just 
opened  for  settlement,  reacliing  Omaha  about  May 
1.  He  wa.s  pastor  at  Nebraska  City  fur  four  years, 
during  which  time  the  church  edifice  was  built. 
Since  that  time  he  has  labored  wherever  God's 
providence  has  called  him.  Since  1871  he  has  re- 
sided at  Palmyra,  laboring  diligently  in  the  Mas- 
ter's cause,  and  waiting  the  signal  which  shall  in- 
vite him  tn  rest  from  his  labors.  For  years  he  has 
l)een  the  honored  president  of  the  State  Conven- 
tion. 

Talbird,  Henry,  D.D.,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1811, 
on  Hilton  Head  Island,  Beaufort  District,  S.  C. 
His  family  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  and 


most  prominent  citizens  of  the  State.  His  grand- 
father, John  Talbird,  was  a  commissioned  officer  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  carried  to  his  grave 
mai'ks  of  the  wounds  he  had  received  in  battle. 

Henry  Talbird  was  educated  at  Madison  Univer- 
sith,  N.  Y.,  and  his  studies  embraced  a  full  col- 
legiate and  theological  course.  After  grailuating 
from  the  theological  department  in  1841  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church,  Tus- 
caloosa, Ala.  At  the  close  of  his  first  ye.ar's  ser- 
vice the  church  unanimously  invited  him  to  become 
its  permanent  pastor,  with  a  considerable  increase 
of  salary.  But  he  had  received  a  call  to  Mont- 
gomery, in  tlie  same  State,  and  he  concluded  to 
remove  to  that  city,  where  he  remained  nine  years. 

In  these  two  pastorates  his  ministrations  were 
greatly  blessed,  the  churches  were  built  up  in  faith 
and  zeal,  and  largely  strengthened  in  numbers. 
At  the  time  of  his  resignation  of  its  pastorate  the 
churcli  in  Montgomery  bad  become,  with  one  ex- 
ception, the  strongest  Baptist  chui-cb  in  Ahibam.a. 

While  in  Montgomery  he  was  elected  to  the  pro- 
fessorship of  Theology  in  Howard  College,  Marion, 
Ala.,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in 
January,  1852.  At  the  close  of  the  first  year  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  college,  and  maintained 
that  relation  until  the  commencement  of  the  civil 
war,  in  1801.  In  1854  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
University  of  Alabama.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  he  tried  to  retain  his  students,  but  the  excited 
feelings  of  the  people  rendered  it  impossible,  and 
the  school  became  practically  empty. 

During  Dr.  Talbird's  administration  Howard  Col- 
lege was  prospered  as  it  had  never  Ijccn  before. 
Not  only  was  the  number  of  students  largely  in- 
creased, but  the  interest  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion throughout  the  State  was  aroused,  and  the 
brethren  came  readily  and  promptly  to  its  assist- 
ance. So  that  in  less  than  six  years  the  endow- 
ment fund  was  increased  from  $45,000  to  S225,000, 
besides  adding  to  its  possessions  property  to  the 
value  of  S79,000.  At  the  opening  of  the  war  it  was 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  institutions  in  the 
South. 

Dr.  Talbird  embraced  the  cause  of  the  Confed- 
erate States,  and  lent  all  his  energies  to  convert 
their  battles  into  victories.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  Confederate  sirmy  with  the  rank  of  captain,  in 
the  7th  Alabama  Regiment.   At  the  close  of  the  first 


TALBOT 


1131 


TALIAFERRO 


campaign  lie  became  a  colonel,  and  organized  the 
41st  Alabama  Regiment.  While  in  the  army,  he 
was  engaged  in  a  number  of  liattles  and  skirmishes, 
and  enjoyed  the  full  confidence  of  officers  and 
men.  After  nearly  three  years  of  honorable  ser- 
vice he  was  compelled  to  resign  his  commission  on 
account  of  ill  health.  At  the  close  of  the  war  his 
liealth  was  still  feeble,  and  he  accepted  a  country 
pastorate,  wliere  his  labors  would  not  be  so  great 
as  in  the  charges  he  held  before.  He  spent  two 
and  a  half  years  in  Carlonville,  Dallas  Co.,  Ala., 
making  a  faithful  and  successful  pastor,  and  win- 
ning the  warm  regards  of  his  people.  His  health 
remaining  feeble,  he  concluiled  to  spend  some  time 
in  traveling,  and  with  feelings  of  profound  regret, 
felt  compelled  to  resign  his  pastorate  apd  leave  his 
people. 

At  the  close  of  some  six  months  he  received  and 
accepted  a  call  to  Henderson,  Ky.  His  ministry 
here  was  marked  by  that  deep  devotion  to  the 
interests  of  religion  which  endears  the  pastor  to  his 
people,  and  the  church  was  greatly  strengthened. 
After  laboring  in  Henderson  three  years  and  a 
half,  he  received  a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  in  April,  1872,  he  entered 
upon  his  pastorate  there.  Over  nine  years  have 
elapsed  since  he  took  charge  of  this  church,  and 
the  afleotionate  regards  of  his  people  make  his  resi- 
dence in  Lexington  very  happy.  He  is  possessed 
of  much  personal  magnetism,  that  attracts  men  to 
him.  He  has  been  elected  a  trustee  of  William 
Jewell  College,  and  president  of  its  board  of  edu- 
cation. He  is  held  in  high  esteem  l)y  the  faculty 
of  that  institution. 

lie  is  polished  in  manners  and  address.  He  is 
devoted  to  study,  and  spends  a  large  portion  of 
his  time  in  his  well-selected  library.  He  preaches 
from  copious  notes,  but  the  greater  portion  of  his 
discourse  is  extempore.  His  preaching  is  sound 
and  practical,  his  logic  clear  and  convincing.  His 
sermons  exhibit  research  and  careful  pi-eparation, 
and  always  command  the  attention  of  his  hearers 
from  the  beginning  to  the  end.  During  his  min- 
istry he  has  baptized  over  200U  persons.  Dr.  Tal- 
bird  exhibits  no  evidence  of  advancing  years  in  his 
pulpit  iiiiiiistrations. 

Talbot,  Sansom,  D.D.,  was  bom  near  Urbana, 
O.,  June  28,  1828  ;  removed  with  his  parents  in 
1839  to  McDonough  Co.,  111.,  where,  in  184G,  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  the  St.  Mary's  Baptist 
church.  Immediately  upon  his  conversion  he  de- 
cided to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  in  the  autumn 
of  18-1()  entered  Granville  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated with  honor  in  18.J1.  After  spending  a  year 
as  tutor  at  Granville,  he  went  to  Newton  Theolog- 
ical Seminary,  where  he  took  a  full  theological 
course.  While  at  Newton  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Missionary  Union  as  a  missionary  to  Siam,  but 


circumstances  causing  delay  he  relinquished  his 
purpose,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Dayton,  0.,  a  position  which 
he  held  from  18.50  to  1803.  In  June,  1803,  he  was 
elected  president  of  Denison  University,  then  at 
a  very  critical  period  in  its  history.  Assuming  at 
once  the  duties  of  this  position  he  gave  it  all  the 
energies  of  his  nature,  and  the  aspect  of  things 
speedily  changed.  After  ten  years  of  most  suc- 
cessful but  exhausting  toil  he  died  at  Newton  Cen- 
tre, Mass.,  where  he  had  gone  for  rest,  June  29, 
1873. 

Dr.  Talbot  was  a  man  of  boundless  energy  and 
courage.  He  went  grandly  through  his  life  of 
study,  and  attained  a  scholarship  which  put  him 
in  the  front  rank  of  educated  men.  His  presence 
at  Denison  was  an  inspiration.  While  yet  a  student 
at  Newton  he  gave  valuable  assistance  to  Dr.  Sears 
in  his  preparation  of  Roget's  "  Thesaurus.''  His 
sermons  and  lectures  were  models  of  clearness  and 
conciseness.  His  early  death  was  an  occasion  for 
uKiurning  throughout  the  entire  country. 

Taliaferro,  Kev.  Robert  H.,  was  bom  in  Ken- 
tucky, Oct.  19,  1824.  His  mother  dying  early,  he 
was  trained  by  his  sisters  ;  educated  at  Granville 
College,  0.,  and  the  Western  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary,  Covington,  Ky. :  professed  religion  at 
Granville ;  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry  at  Lubur- 
grund  church,  Montgomery  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  15, 1846; 
was  pastor  at  Galveston,  Texas,  several  years  ;  spent 
most  of  his  subsequent  life  at  Austin,  except  two 
years,  when  he  was  a  missionary  among  the  Choc- 
taw Indians.  His  labors  at  .\ustin  covered  nearly 
twenty-five  years,  and  were  largely  without  com- 
pensation, and  at  a  great  sacrifice  to  himself.  The 
first  church  in  Williamson  County  was  organized 
by  him,  when  there  was  not  a  glass  window  or 
plank  floor  iu  the  county.  His  labors  at  Bastrop, 
Webberville,  Round  Rock,  and  Chapel  Hill  were 
productive  of  great  good.  He  was  elected  and 
served  as  chaplain  of  the  senate  of  the  twelfth, 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  Legislatures  of  Texas, 
and  he  was  one  of  the  voluntary  chaplains  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1875. 

Ho  was  associated  with  Rev.  George  W.  Baines, 
Sr..  either  as  editor  or  special  contributor  of  the 
Texas  Baptist  for  six  years.  Besides  contributions 
to  periodicals,  which  were  numerous  and  very  able, 
he  wrote  three  works  of  a  religious  character, — one 
on  "Infidelity,"  another  entitled  "Which  is  our 
Saviour,  Christ  or  the  Church?"  the  third  is  a 
'■  Series  of  Sermons.''  The  first  two  were  pub- 
lished, and  are  able,  exhaustive,  and  practical 
works.  The  third  has  not  been  published.  He 
died  Nov.  19,  1875,  leaving  a  wife,  one  son,  and 
four  daughters  to  the  care  of  a  devoted  father  and 
grandfather.  He  was  remarkable  for  his  indiffer- 
ence to  worldly  goods,  and  cared  little  for  secular 


TALLMADGE 


1132 


TAYLOR 


honors.  The  nuinberof  sermons  wliich  he  preached, 
the  number  of  persons  ho  baptizcJ,  and  the  number 
converted  under  his  ministry  must  be  counted  by 
thousands.  No  purer,  abler,  more  devoted,  self- 
sacriticini;  minister  of  the  New  Testament  has  lived 
or  died  in  Texas.  Ilev.  Georije  W.  Baines,  Sr., 
says  of  him,  '"  that  lie  was  the  man  wlio  did  more 
by  liis  pen  to  establish  Bible  truth  in  the  minds  of 
Texas  Baptists  than  any  other  writer  in  the  State 
or  out  of  it." 
Tallmadge,  Judge  Matthias  B.,  was  horn  at 

Stamford,  Diitehoss  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  1,  1774; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  1795;  studied  law  with 
Chief-Justice  Spencer  at  Hudson,  N.  Y.  ;  practised 
at  Herkimer ;  represented  his  county  in  the  State 
Legislature  and  tlie  western  district  of  New  York 
in  the  State  senate.  His  marked  abilities  and  as- 
siduity in  the  discharge  of  public  duties  brought 
him  to  the  notice  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  who  appointed  him  judge  of  the  U.  S.  Dis- 
trict Court  for  New  Y'ork.  This  resulted  in  his 
removal  to  New  York  City,  where,  notwithstand- 
ing a  feeble  constitution  and  almost  constant  ail- 
ments, he  won  great  distinction  for  the  masterly 
manner  in  wliic;li  he  performed  the  varied  and  dif- 
ficult duties  of  his  office.  It  was  during  this  period 
of  his  busy  life  that  he  gave  profound  study  to  the 
Word  of  God,  and  while  spending  the  summer  of 
ISll  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  made  a  profession  of 
faith,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Lewis  Leonards, 
then  pastor  there. 

Although  much  occupied  with  his  judicial  duties 
and  a  great  sufferer  from  periodical  attacks  of  fever, 
he  became  deeply  interested  in  all  the  missionary 
enterprises  of  the  denomination,  and  occupied  po- 
sitions of  high  trust  in  the  General  Baptist  Con- 
vention, and  on  its  executive  board.  His  illness  in 
his  latter  years  made  it  necessary  for  liim  to  spend 
his  wintei-s  in  the  Southern  States,  where  he  im- 
proved his  opportunities  to  acquaint  himself  with 
the  leading  men  and  enterprises  of  the  denomina- 
tion, and  .so  much  did  he  endear  himself  to  the 
Southern  people  that  they  appointed  him  to  repre- 
sent their  churches  in  the  original  and  the  succeed- 
ing meetings  of  the  General  Convention.  In  1803 
he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Clinton,  daughter  of 
Hon.  George  Clinton,  then  governor  of  New  York, 
and  afterwards  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
lie  died  Oct.  7,  1819,  in  the  forty-sixth  year  of  his 
age,  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  greatly  lamented  by 
his  family,  his  church,  and  the  nation. 

Tanner,  Robert  Lynn,  a  prominent  layman  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1793; 
came  to  Rapides  Parish,  La.,  in  1813.  He  was  a 
man  of  large  means,  which  he  liberally  employed 
for  the  Master's  cause.  For  many  years  he  sup- 
ported the  pastor  of  the  Cherryville  Baptist  church, 
of  which  he  was  a  deacon ;  was  often  elected  mod- 


erator of  the  Louisiana  Baptist  Association  and 
vice-president  of  the  State  Convention. 

Tappan,  Lewis  N.,  a  New  Englander  by  birth, 
was  nut  a  professor  of  religion  till  actively  engaged 
in  business.  When  he  became  a  Christian  he  en- 
gaged in  religious  work  with  all  his  might.  Much  of 
his  time  was  spent  in  the  llocky  Mountains  amoUL' 
the  miners,  but  he  found  opportunities  for  attend- 
ing to  liis  religious  duties,  and  shared  his  means 
in  helping  when  assistance  was  needed,  whether  at 
home  or  abroad.  He  was  a  natural  leader  and  a 
good  counselor.  He  died  in  ISSO  at  Leadville, 
Col.,  where  he  will  he  much  missed.  He  was 
widely  known  and  highly  esteemed. 

Tatum,  S.  0.— In  1870  the  Baptists  of  North 
Carolina  w(iie  called  on  to  mourn  the  loss  of  Mr. 
S.  0.  Tatum,  a  wise  and  good  man,  who  did  much 
to  develop  the  churches  of  his  part  of  the  State, 
lie  was  born  in  Pavie  Co.,  N.  C  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty-five  determined  to  olitain  a  liberal  edu- 
cati(m.  He  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1852.  The  last  years  of  his  life  were  devoted  to 
teaching  and  to  the  improvement  of  the  churches 
of  the  Y'adkin  Association,  of  which  he  was  mod- 
erator. 

Taylor,  Rev.  Alfred,  a  minister  widely  known 
and  of  great  moral  worth,  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Joseph  T.aylor,  and  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  Ky.. 
July  19,  1808.  When  three  years  of  age  he  was 
taken  by  his  parents  to  Butler  County,  where  he 
grew  up  to  manhood.  He  attended  a  school  con- 
ducted by  Uev.  I).  L.  Mansfield,  and  was  after- 
wards under  the  tutorship  of  the  distinguished 
Rev.  William  Warder.  He  was  for  many  years 
the  intimate  friend  and  fellow-laborer  of  Dr.  J.  M. 
Pendleton.  He  united  with  Sandy  Creek  Baptist 
church,  in  Butler  County,  in  1829:  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  1831,  and  ordained  in  1S34.  He 
soon  became  '•  pastor  of  four  country  churches." 
But  his  labor  emVjraced  a  much  larger  field.  He 
introduced  into  Gasper  River  Association  in  1837 
the  practice  of  holding  "  protracted  meetings." 
"  Within  less  than  six  months,"  Rev.  Dr.  J.  S. 
Coleman  states,  "  he  baptized  over  SUO  persons." 
From  this  time  he  labored  with  indefatigable  zeal 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  with  a  degree  of 
success  that  few  men  have  attained.  Of  the  mul- 
titude baptized  by  him  more  than  thirty  became 
ministers  of  the  gospel.  He  was  active  in  all  the 
benevolent  enterprises  of  his  denomination  in  the 
State.  His  sims.  J.  S.  Taylor.  J.  P.  Taylor,  and 
W.  C.  Taylor,  are  excellent  Baptist  ministers.  He 
died  Oct.  9,  18.^. 

Taylor,  B.  F.,  was  born  in  Lowville,  N.  Y.,  in 
1822.  He  was  educated  at  Madison  University, 
Hamilton,  N.  \'.,  of  which  his  father  was  president. 
He  is,  and  has  long  been,  occupying  a  prominent 
position  as  a  r.icy  descriptive  writer.     For  many 


TAYLOR 


1133 


TAYLOR 


years  he  was  literary  editor  of  the  Chicar/o  Evening 
Jiiunial,  and  was  its  principal  army  correspondent 
durini;  the  civil  war,  followinir  the  headquarters 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  In  picturesque 
description  his  letters  surpassed  all  contemporaries. 
.Some  of  them  have  been  gathered  into  a  volume 
entitled  '"  Pictures  in  Camp  and  Field,"  1867,  of 
which  a  new  edition  has  recently  appeared.  He 
has  pul)lished  several  books,  among  which  are 
■■  Attractions  of  Language,"  184.i  ;.  "January  and 
June,"  18.53;  "Three  November  Days,"  "The 
AVorld  on  Wheels,"  1873;  "Old  Time-Pictures 
iind  Sheaves  of  Rhyme,"  1874.  Numerous  edi- 
tions have  been  issued  of  all  his  books. 

lie  is  also  a  popular  lecturer  on  the  lyceum 
platform,  especially  in  the  West.  He  resides  at 
La  Porte,  InU. 

Taylor,  Prof.  Charles  E.— The  Rev.  James  B. 
Taylor,  ll.D..  of  blessed  memory,  gave  three  sons 
to  tlie  ministry.  The  oldest.  Dr.  Geo.  B.,  is  a  mis- 
sionary at  Rome,  Italy  :  the  second,  James  B.,  is 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Wilmington, 
N.  C. ;  and  the  third,  Ch.arles  E.,  has  been  for  ten 
years  the  Professor  of  Latin  in  Wake  Forest  Col- 
lege. Prof.  Taylor  was  born  in  Richmoml,  Va., 
Oct.  12,  1842;  was  baptized  by  Dr.  J.  B.  Jeter 
when  but  ten  years  of  age;  went  from  Richmond 
College  into  a  regiment  of  cavalry,  and  fought 
through  the  war;  then  spent  five  ye.irs  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  graduating  in  most  of  the 
schools  of  tliat  famous  college ;  made  a  trip  to 
Europe  in  liS70,  and  was  ordained  in  April,  1871, 
l»rs.  Wingate,  Walters,  and  J.  B.  Taylor,  Sr.,  com- 
prising the  Presbytery.  He  is  at  present  agent 
iif  the  Board  of  Education,  as  well  as  professor  in 
Wake  Forest  College.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the 
cluirches  in  Lewislmrg  and  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Taylor,  Rev.  Dan,  was  bom  Dec.  21,  1738, 
near  Ilalifax,  England.  His  mother  was  his  early 
teacher,  and  the  BiVde  was  his  first  school-book. 
When  three  years  old  he  could  read  so  well  that  he 
attracted  the  attention  of  all  that  knew  him.  He  first 
found  the  Saviour  when  about  fifteen  years  of  age. 
lie  was  an  Arminian  in  his  doctrinal  sentiments, 
anil  could  not  obtain  baptism  from  Particular  Bap- 
tist ministers  ;  he  journeyed  on  foot  in  unpleasant 
weatherone  hundred  and  twenty  miles  to  bebaptized 
liv  Mr.  Thompson,  in  Boston,  Lincolnshire.  He  was 
pastor  at  Wadsworth,  near  Ilalifax,  in  Ilalifax 
itself,  and  in  London.  He  founded  the  General  Bap- 
tist Academy  for  the  education  of  young  ministers, 
of  which  he  was  president  for  fifteen  years.  When 
The  General  Baptist  Maf^azine  was  established  he 
became  its  first  editor.  He  was  the  author  of  more 
than  fifty  books  and  pamphlets,  the  chief  of  which 
is  an  admirable  body  of  divinity,  except  its  Armin- 
ianisra,  entitled  "The  Christian  Religion." 

He  was   fifty-five   years    in    the   ministry,   and 


during  that  period  preached  nearly  twenty  thou- 
sand sermons  ;  he  traveled  extensively,  attending 
ordinations,  church  dedications,  and  Associations. 
He  was  a  man  of  undoubted  ability,  deep  piety,  and 
great  usefulness. 

Clergymen  of  all  denominations  regarded  him 
with  confidence  and  affection  ;  and  the  Lord  of 
pastors  shed  abroad  much  of  his  love  in  his  heart. 
He  died  in  London,  Nov.  2lj,  1816,  in  the  seventy- 
eighth  year  of  his  age. 

Taylor,  Elisha  E.  L.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Delphi, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  2.5,  1815,  and  died  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  20,  1874.  lie  graduated  at  Madison  Univer- 
sity and  at  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.  He  accepted  a  call  to  a  new  interest,  now 
the  Pierpont  Street  Baptist  church  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  After  nine  years  of  labor  with  it,  it  had 
grown  so  large  that  it  was  thought  best  to  colonize, 
and  he  went  out  with  others  and  formed  the  Strong 
Place  Baptist  church,  which  speedily  became  one 
of  the  strongest  churches  in  Brooklyn. 

In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  secretaryship  of 
the  Church  Edifice  Fund  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society.  Through  his  labors  a  fund 
of  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  was  accumu- 
lated, and  many  feeble  churches  on  the  Western 
borders  wore  aided  in  building  houses  of  worship. 
He  has  entered  the  heavenly  rest  after  a  life  of 
great  usefulness. 

Taylor,  George  B.,  D.D.,  eldest  .son  of  Rev. 
James  B.  Taylor,  D.D.,  and  Mary  Williams  Tay- 
lor, who  was  the  daughter  of  Elisha  Williams,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier,  and  aide  of  Gen.  Washing- 
ton, and  afterwards  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Beverly,  Mass.,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1832,  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.  He  w.as  educated  at  Richmond  College, 
and  graduated  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1851,  after 
which  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  Fluvanna  Co., 
Va.  Subsequently,  he  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and  after  a  three  years"  course  graduated  in 
mostof  the  schools  of  that  institution.  While  a  stu- 
dent at  the  university  he  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry at  Charlottesville,  and  during  the  remainder  of 
his  university  course  served  as  pastor  of  two  ccmntry 
churches  in  the  vicinity.  After  leaving  the  uni- 
versity, he  became  the  first  pastor  of  the  Franklin 
Square  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  and  continued 
in  that  relation  two  years.  From  Baltimore  he  re- 
moved to  Staunton,  Va.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  that  place,  where  he  remained  about 
twelve  years,  during  which  time  the  church  was 
greatly  prospered.  After  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
he,  with  the  consent  of  the  church,  acted  as  chap- 
lain in  Gen.  Stonewall  Jackson's  corps  during  the 
entire  campaign  of  1862,  and  subsequently  officiated 
both  as  pastor  and  chaplain  of  the  post,  until  the 
close  of  hostilities.  He  also  visited  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  at  the  time  of  the  "  great  revi- 


TAYLOR 


1134 


TAYLOR 


vnl,"  and  took  an  active  psirt  in  that  i-cinavkable 
work  of<livine  grace.  In  1SG9  he  tiecanie  cliaplain 
of  the  University  of  Virginia,  a  position  adorned  by 
some  of  the  ablest  clergymen  in  the  State,  and 
seri'ed  during  the  usual  period  of  two  years,  at  the 
termination  of  which  he  was  recalled  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Staunton  church.  He  returned  to  that 
place,  and  remained  until  1S73.  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention  missionary  to  Rome,  with  the  spe- 
cial duty  of  administering  the  affairs  of  the  Italian 
mission. 

For  two  years  Dr.  Taylor  was  associated  with 
the  Rev.  F.  AV^ilson,  D.D.,  in  editing  The  Christian 
Review,  and  during  that  time  contributed  to  its 
pages  some  valuable  articles.  Since  January, 
1876,  he  has,  in  connection  with  the  evangelist, 
Sig.  Cocorda,  conducted  11  Seminafore,  a  monthly 
Baptist  magazine  in  the  Italian  language,  con- 
tributing fre<(Uont  leading  articles.  lie  has  also 
added  several  volumes  to  our  popular  literature, 
having  written  the  '"  Oakland  Stories''  (four  juven- 
ile volumes),  published  by  Sheldon  &  Co.,  New 
York:  "  Coster  Grew"  and  "Roger  Bernard''  (re- 
ligious stories  for  youth),  "  AValter  Ennis'"  (a  tale 
founded  on  early  Virginia  Baptist  history),  and 
"  Life  and  Times  of  James  B.  Taylor,"'  besides 
several  smaller  volumes,  published  by  the  An\eri- 
can  Bivptist  Publication  Society.  He  was  one  of 
the  recording  secretaries  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention  from  1856  to  I  SCO.  In  1872  he 
received  the  degree  of  P.D.,  from  Richmond  Col- 
lege, and  also  from  the  University  of  Chicago.  Dr. 
Taylor  was  married  in  1858  to  Susan  Spotswood 
Braxton,  great-granddaughter  of  Carter  Braxton, 
one  of  the  Virginia  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

The  mi.ssion  at  Rome  is  one  that  lies  near  to  the 
hearts  of  all  Baptists,  and  especially  Southern 
Baptists.  Six  years  ago  serious  troubles  had  em- 
barrassed the  work  in  that  city.  It  was  necessary 
to  find  a  man  who  should  be  both  gentle  and  wise, 
to  whom  the  whole  management  of  the  mission 
must  be  intrusted  if  any  permanent  good  w-os  to 
result  from  it.  Dr.  Taylor  was  thought  to  be  such 
u  man,  and  accordingly  he  was  urged  to  accept  the 
position.  This  he  did,  and  sailed  with  his  family 
from  New  York  in  July,  1873,  for  Rome,  where  he 
soon  won  the  confidence  of  the  evangelists  and 
churches.  From  the  very  day  of  his  arrival  he 
nmde  himself  felt  as  a  prudent  and  persevering 
laborer  for  the  Master.  The  vexatious  .Jroubles 
vanished,  and  the  mission  began  at  once  to  thrive, 
and  has  been  steadily  advancing  ever  since,  so 
much  so  that  the  Italian  mission  is  now  the  most 
flourishing  of  all  the  foreign  work  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention.  A  convenient  chapel  has  been 
secured  at  the  cost  of  about  $25,000,  situated  in 


one  of  the  most  eligible  positions  in  the  city,  being 
a  few  steps  only  from  the  I'antheon  and  from  the 
University  of  Rome.  The  mission  comprises  10 
stations,  9  evangelists,  and  nearly  150  members; 
and  churches  have  been  either  established  or 
strengthened  at  La  Tour,  Milan,  Modena,  Naples, 
Bari,  Barletta,  Venice,  and  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia. In  reference  to  Dr.  Taylor,  Dr.  Prime,  edi- 
tor of  the  Kew  York  Observei;  wrote  :  "  He  is  a  man 
of  decided  character;  with  a  clear  and  vigorous 
intellect,  a  tender  and  glowing  heart,  and  such  a 
sound  judgment  as  secures  for  him  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  all  who  represent  Protestant  missions 
in  Rome.  .  .  .  These  missions  form  an  important 
part  of  the  great  work  now  in  progress  for  the 
spread  of  evangelical  religion  in  this  land  of  papal 
darkness.  To  the  eye  of  unbelief  it  may  seem  the 
day  of  very  small  things.  But  it  is  enough  to  plant 
the  seed,  and  the  rains  of  heaven  will  descend  upon 
it  to  the  redemption  of  Italy.  Now  is  the  time  to 
sow  the  seed  of  the  Word.  Dr.  Taylor  is  able  to 
extend  his  missions  and  multiply  the  number  of 
laborers  just  as  fast  as  he  has  the  means  to  support 
them.  And  you  may  be  certain  that  he  is  judi- 
cious, careful,  and  wide-awake." 

Taylor,  Rev.  Isaac,  son  and  successor  in  the 
pastoral  office  of  Rev.  William  Taylor,  a  popular 
and  useful  minister  of  his  State,  was  born  in  Buf- 
falo, Va.,  in  1772.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents 
to  Kentucky  when  he  was  twelve  years  old.  In 
his  early  life  he  was  thoughtless  and  fond  of  pleas- 
ure. He  was  baptized  by  his  father,  and  united 
with  Cox's  Creek  church  in  ISOl  ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1810,  and  ordained  in  1S13.  He  became 
pastor  of  Cox's  Creek  and  three  neighboring 
churches,  and  baptized  a  gre.at  number  of  persons, 
and  was  honored  by  all  classes  of  society.  He 
died  suddenly  on  his  way  home  from  preaching, 
March  13,  184-2. 

Taylor,  James  Barnett,  D.D,,  was  born  in  the 
village  of  Barton-upon-IIuniber,  F.ngland,  March 
19,  1804.  His  father  having  removed  to  this 
country  in  1805,  settled  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  in  1817  removed  to  Virginia.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  young  Taylor  was  baptized,  and  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  New  York.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  to  speak  publicly  for 
Christ,  and  in  1824  he  was  licensed  to  preach. 
Soon  after  he  was  appointed  by  the  General  Bap- 
tist Association  of  Virginia  to  labor  as  a  missionary 
in  the  lower  section  of  the  Meherran  district.  He 
was  ordained,  May  2.  1826,  at  Sandy  Creek.  In 
1826  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
of  Richmond,  Va.,  in  which  relation  he  continued 
sixteen  years,  during  which  the  church  was  greatly 
enl.arged  and  strengthened.  AVhile  here  his  labors 
were  indefatigable  in  developing  the  gr.ices  of  the 
church,  in   organizing  Sunday-schools  and  Bible 


TAYLOR 


1135 


TA  YLOR 


societies,  and  in  promoting  the  cause  of  education. 
.Six  hundred  and  sixty  members  were  added  to  the 
church,  three  new  churches  were  organized  by 
members  mainly  from  his  congregation,  and  ten  or 
twelve  of  those  whom  he  baptized  entered  the 
ministry.  He  was  a  very  efficient  worker,  also,  in 
belialf  of  foreign  missions.  Dr.  Taylor  preached 
frequently  in  the  surrounding  country  and  in  the 
adjacent  cities.  As  the  result  of  his  labors  in  Bal- 
timore, in  connection  with  the  Rev.  John  Kerr, 
the  Calvert  Street  Baptist  church  was  formed.  In 
1838  he  traveled  West  as  agent  of  the  Virginia 
Baptist  General  Association.  In  1839  he  was 
elected  chaplain  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
where  his  labors  among  the  students  and  in  the 
community  resulted  in  great  good.  In  1840  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  church  (Grace 
church),  Richmond,  and  through  his  labors  their 
beautiful  church  edifice  was  built.  In  1S44  he 
traveled  South  with  the  missionary  Kincaid,  stim- 
ulating the  churches  to  greater  zeal  in  the  cause  of 
missions,  and  collecting  large  sums  of  money  for 
the  \orthern  board.  Soon  after  the  organization 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  Dr.  Taylor 
became  its  corresponding  secretary,  which  respon- 
sible position  he  held  until  his  death,  a  period  of 
twenty -six  years.  His  labors  while  secretary  were 
exceedingly  onerous.  He  traveled  constantly ; 
preached  three  times  on  almost  every  Sunday : 
addressed  letters  of  encouragement  to  mission- 
aries, and  of  exhortation  to  churches  and  individ- 
uals; edited  several  journals,  and  accomplished  an 
amount  of  good  of  which  his  immediate  associates 
alone  were  cognizant.  For  thirteen  years  during 
his  secretaryship  Dr.  Taylor  was  pastor  of  the 
Taylorsville  church,  but  at  the  opening  of  the  war 
he  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  labored  during  the 
contest  in  camps  and  hospitals  as  colporteur  of  the 
Virginia  Sunday-School  and  Publication  Board: 
and  for  three  years  as  Confederate  post-chaplain. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  the  missions  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Convention  were  in  a  disorganized 
condition,  with  a  debt  of  SIO.OOO  hanging  over 
them.  The  secretary  immediately  undertook  the 
task  of  liquidating  the  debt,  which  he  succeeded  in 
doing,  at  the  same  time  stimulating  the  churches  to 
new  vigor  and  efforts  in  behalf  of  tlie  imperiled 
missions,  lie  was  also  greatly  interested  in  the 
welfare  of  the  freedmen  so  suddenly  removed  from 
all  their  old  relations ;  and  he  was  appointed  to 
confer  with  the  secretary  of  the  Freedmens  Bureau 
with  regard  to  the  best  plans  for  assisting  them. 
His  last  sermons  were  preached  in  Alexandria  to 
colored  congregations,  and  his  interest  in  the  mis- 
sion in  .\frica  was  manifested  on  his  death-bed. 
This  faithful  servant  of  God,  having  diligently 
served  his  generation,  fell  asleep  Dec.  22,  1871. 
As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Taylor  was  impressive  and  in- 


structive, simple  in  style,  and  solemn  in  manner. 
As  a  pastor,  he  had  but  few  equals,  moving  among 
his  people,  as  well  as  in  the  community  generally, 
as  a  constant  messenger  for  good.  As  a  writer,  he 
has  done  much  for  the  literature  and  history  of  the 
denomination.  He  was  for  a  short  time  editor  of 
the  Relitjious  Herald;  he  originated  the  Suiilheni 
Baptist  Missionary  Journal  and  Home  and  Foreif/n 
Journal.  He  wrote  a  •'  Life  of  Lot  Cary,"  a  "  Life 
of  Luther  Rice,"  and  two  volumes  of  the  "  Lives 
of  Virginia  Baptist  Ministers,"  containing  more 
than  a  thousand  pages,  a  most  valuable  work,  the 
materials  of  which  were  collected  only  after  vast 
toil  and  innumerable  hindrances.  He  also  began 
a  "  History  of  Virginia  Baptists,"  for  which  he 
was  specially  fitted,  but  which  he  did  not  live  to 
complete.  In  addition  to  all  these  literary,  pas- 
toral, and  official  labors  as  secretary  of  the  board, 
he  wrote,  as  editor  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Journal, 
articles  that  would  fill  many  volumes.  Dr.  Poin- 
dexter,  who  was  ai;sociated  with  him  for  some  time 
in  the  secretaryship  of  the  board,  says  of  him.  as 
illustrating  the  pressure  of  his  labors,  '■  He  was  at 
the  same  time  corresponding  secretary,  financial 
manager,  general  traveling  agent,  and  editor  of  the 
board."  In  the  various  walks  of  life.  Dr.  Taylor 
quietly  and  perseveringly  accomplished  the  high 
and  holy  purposes  which  filled  his  soul.  Remem- 
bering the  fact  that  he  was  not  physically  strong, 
few  have  left  a  more  abiding  impress  on  the 
churches  and  the  great  denominational  agencies 
which  they  employ  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Taylor,  Rev,  James  B.,  Jr.,  the  second  son  of 
Dr.  J.  B.  Taylor,  was  born  in  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct. 
22,  1837 ;  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter,  Dec. 
19,  1852 :  and  was  a  student  at  Richmond  College, 
the  University  of  Virginia,  and  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Theological  Seminary.  While  pursuing  his 
theological  course  the  war  commenced.  He  joined 
the  army,  and  was  appointed  a  chaplain  in  Gen. 
AV.  II,  F.  Lee's  command,  in  which  position  he  was 
very  useful.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Culpeper, 
which  position  he  held  for  ten  years,  and  where  a 
large  harvest  was  reaped  for  the  JIaster.  At  the 
beginning  of  his  labors  there  the  church  numbered 
only  28 ;  at  its  close  320  had  been  added  to  its 
membership,  besides  which  .500  conversions  had 
taken  place  in  protracted  meetings  in  which  he 
had  assisted.  The  ravages  of  the  war  had  left  the 
church  edifice  in  Culpeper  almost  in  ruins  ;  but  in 
a  little  while,  through  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Taylor, 
it  was  so  repaired  as  to  become  one  of  the  most 
commodious  and  beautiful  buildings  in  that  part 
of  the  State.  In  October,  1875,  he  accepted  an  in- 
vitation to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in  Wilming- 
ton, N.  C,  which  position  he  still  holds.  He  has 
published  an  exceedingly  popular  little  pamphlet 


TAYLOR 


1136 


TAYLOR 


entitled  •'Simple  Trutlis,"  a  catechism  for  infant 
classes,  which  has  passed  to  a  third  edition,  and 
which  has  been,  or  is  to  Ije,  translated  into  the 
Yoruban  tongue  and  the  Italian  lan)!;uai;e,  requests 
to  that  effect  liavini;  been  made  by  the  missionaries 
at  those  stations.  Mr.  Taylor  has  also  delivered 
some  very  popular  .addresses  at  literary  commence- 
ments. 
Taylor,  Prof.  Jas.  M.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  llolm- 

del,  N.  J.,  .Sept.  I'J,  \S-i'i  :  graduated  at  Madison 
University  in  li>()7,  and  Hamilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1S69;  was  principal  for  .several  years  of 
the  grammar-school,  now  Colgate  Academy;  at  the 
present  time  he  is  Professor  of  Pure  Mathematics 
in  Madison  University:  a  man  of  great  ability  and 
Christian  integrity. 

Taylor,  Rev.  John,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  and  writiT.  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co.. 
Va.,  in  I75i!.  He  united  with  the  Baptists  in 
his  twentieth  year.  He  began  to  preach  almost 
immediately  after  he  joined  the  church,  and  con- 
tinned  with  great  success.  He  located  in  Kentucky 
in  177'J.  The  first  religious  revival  in  that  State 
commenced  under  his  preaching  in  Woodford 
County  in  1785.  In  that  year  he  raised  up  Clear 
Creek  church,  to  which  he  ministered  about  ten 
years.  In  1795  he  removed  to  Boone  County, 
where  he  and  several  others  had  constituted  a 
small  church  called  Bullittsburg  the  year  before. 
Here  he  ministered  about  seven  years,  during  which 
time  113  persons  were  baptized  into  that  church. 
In  1S02  he  settled  in  TrimVjle  County,  where,  two 
years  before,  he  had  gathered  Corn  Creek  church, 
to  which  he  ministered  about  fifteen  years.  In 
1815  he  removed  to  Franklin  County,  where  he 
aided  in  constituting  a  church  in  Frankfort  in  1810, 
to  which  he  also  ministered.  In  I81S  he  formed 
Buck  Kun  church,  and  was  the  pastor  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  traveled  and  preached  very  ex- 
tensively, and  probably  performed  more  labor,  and 
was  more  successful,  than  any  other  pioneer  preacher 
in  Kentucky.  He  was  a  strong  and  pointed  writer. 
He  published  "The  History  of  Ten  Churches." 
'"Thoughts  on  Missions,''  and  several  brief  biogra- 
phies, which  are  of  great  value  to  the  Baptist  his- 
torian of  Kentucky.  He  also  wrote  much  that  was 
valuahle  for  the  periodical  press.  He  died  at  his 
residence  near  Frankfort  in  the  winter  of  1836. 

Taylor,  Col.  Joseph,  was  born  in  O.xford  town- 
ship, Philadelphia  Co.,  Pa.,  March  15,  1701.  He 
was  baptized  in  his  fifteenth  year  into  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia, 
of  which  he  remained  an  honored  member  until 
his  death,  in  1869.  In  early  life  he  was  colonel  of 
the  79th  Regiment  Pa.  Militia.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  in  1829- 
30,  and  of  the  senate  from  1830-34.  During  his 
residence  in  New  Jersey  he  served  in  the  Assembly 


of  that  State,  and  he  was  its  Speaker  in  the  session 
of  1843^4.  He  was  a  member  of  the  common- 
council  of  Phil.idelphia,  and  subsequently  of  the 
select  council.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Phihidel- 
phia  l$a|)tist  Association,  and  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Bible  Union,  and  the  first  layman 
that  ever  presided  over  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
As.sociation,  though  in  1849,  when  he  was  modera- 
tor, the  Association  was  in  its  one  hundred  and 
forty-second  year. 

Col.  Taylor  was  a  gentleman  of  culture  and 
courtesy,  an  honor  to  the  church  with  which  he 
was  so  long  connected,  and  to  the  denomination 
whose  principles  were  so  dear  to  hira,  and  which 
he  was  so  competent  to  defend  and  .so  gratified  to 
commend.  In  public  life  his  honor  was  never  ques- 
tioned ;  as  a  Christian  hn  was  without  reproach. 

Taylor,  Stephen  W.,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in 
Adams,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  Oct.  28.  1791  ;  bap- 
tized, in  1810.  at  Edmeston,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y. : 
graduated  at  Hamilton  College  in  1817,  being  the 
valedictorian  of  his  class;  entered,  in  1818,  on  his 
life  profession  of  educator,  as  principal  of  Lowville 
Academy,  and  under  his  administration  no  acad- 
emy in  New  York  stood  higher.  In  1834  accepted 
the  principalship  of  the  academic  department  of 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
The  department  being  greatly  demoralized.  Dr. 
Taylor  distinguished  himself  by  effecting  a  most 
admirable  disci|iliiic  and  by  organizing  a  high 
grade  of  instruction.  In  1838  he  accepted  the 
chair  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in 
Madison  University,  which  he  resigned  in  1845  and 
went  to  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  where  he  founded  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisliurg,  and  was  its  president  five 
years.  (See  LEttisiuRG  U.viversitv.)  In  1851  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Madi-son  University. 
(See  Madison  U.niversitv.)  His  accession  was  a 
most  happy  event  in  the  history  of  the  university, 
occurring  when  it  did,  at  the  close  of  the  removal 
controversy.  Trusted  in  the  greatest  degree  by  the 
denomination,  the  effect  was  to  restore  confidence 
in  the  fortunes  of  the  university.  During  the  first 
year  of  his  presidency  the  number  of  students  in- 
creased from  33  to  84,  and  during  the  three  following 
years  the  number  reached  216,  a  number  larger  than 
that  of  the  students  in  attendance  at  the  beginning 
of  the  controversy.  At  the  end  of  the  first  year  the 
college  received  an  endowment  of  $60,000.  On 
•Ian.  6,  185(j,  Dr.  Taylor  died  of  a  long-continued 
and  painful  illness.  Dr.  Taylor  was  pre-eminently 
a  man  of  will.  By  nature  and  culture  a  poet,  he 
"suppressed"  this  rare  gift,  and  made  himself  one 
of  the  best  mathematicians  of  his  day.  He  would 
have  been  acknowledged  as  a  master  in  any  de- 
partment, and  his  choice  of  the  vocation  of  teacher 
was  the  result  of  his  conscientiousness.  For  this 
high  calling  he  trained  himself  with  the  greatest 


TAYLOR 


1137 


TEASDALR 


care,  and  gave  to  it  day  by  day  the  ripest  efforts  of 
his  life.  He  left  two  sons  and  a  dau!;hter,  who  in- 
herited imicli  of  their  father's  j;enius.  One  of  the 
sons,  B.  F.  Taylor,  is  widely  known  by  his  poems 
and  his  other  writiiiirs- 

Taylor,  Thomas  A.,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Jenkin- 
town.  Pa.,  in  1814.  Ilis  father,  who  died  in  1822, 
was  a  man  of  intelligence,  and  the  year  of  his  death 
he  had  every  prospect  of  being  elected  to  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States.  The  education  of 
Thomas  A.  Taylor  was  liberal.  In  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Philadelphia,  to  which  his  life  was 
largely  devoted,  he  secured  an  ample  competency, 
and,  finding  himself  in  comfortable  circumstances, 
he  retired  from  business  in  1856. 

lie  was  forty-six  years  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.  For  a  long  period 
he  was  the  treasurer  of  the  Philadolpliia  Baptist 
Association.  He  was  a  Christian  of  large  affec- 
tions, whose  gifts  bountifully  blessed  almost  every 
good  cause.  Never  had  Bilile  truth  a  warmer 
friend,  iir  the  eluirch  a  more  fiiitlifnl  member. 

Taylor,  Rev.  William,  a  distinguished  i>ioneer 
preacher,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1737.  In  his 
childhood  his  parents  removed  to  Virginia,  where 
he  remained  until  he  was  twenty-one,  and  then  re- 
turned to  his  native  State.  Here  he  united  with  the 
Baptists,  and  commenced  (jreaching.  After  a  short 
time  spent  in  New  Jersey,  he  removed  to  Buffalo 
(now  Bethany),  Va.,  and  thence  to  the  sciutlicastcrn 
part  of  Ohio,  where  he  remained  eight  yeai'S.  In 
1784  he  located  in  Nelson  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he 
founded  Cox's  Creek  church.  In  the  fall  of  1785 
he,  with  others,  constituted  Salem  Association. 
In  addition  to  liis  pastorate  he  was  very  active  in 
preaching  among  the  new  settlements,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  raising  up  churches  in  Nelson  and 
the  adjoining  counties.  He  died,  greatly  lamented, 
in  September.  1S()9. 

Taylor,  Rev,  William,  a  native  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, was  amimg  the  earlier  ministers  in  Michigan. 
His  home  was  at  Schoolcraft,  where  he  devoted  his 
life  to  the  care  of  the  churches  and  to  Christian 
educational  interests.  With  long  persistent  labor, 
and  a  liberal  uso  of  his  means,  he  established  an 
academy  called  the  Cedar  Park  Female  .Seminary, 
the  operation  of  which  was  very  useful  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  the  property  avails  of  which  arc 
still  serving  the  education  of  young  women  in 
Kalamazoo  College.  He  also  gave  liberally  to  the 
Baptist  Convention  for  its  theological  and  other 
work.  He  peacefully  met  the  end  of  the  righteous 
June  7,  1852,  and  is  rememI)ored  by  many  with 
grateful  love. 

Teague,  E,  B,,  D,D.,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina in  1820;  came  with  his  parents  to  Alabama, 
and  located  in  Shelby  County  wlien  a  child  ;  grad- 
uated in  the  University  of  .\labania  in  1840.  under 


Dr.  Manly.  In  his  early  ministry  he  was  pastor 
of  some  strong  and  wealthy  churches  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  State,  and  professor  in  the  Southern 
Female  College,  after  which  he  was  called  to  La 
Grange,  Ga.,  where  he  was  pastor  for  ten  years, 
embracing  the  period  of  the  late  war.  He  next 
became  president  of  the  East  Alabama  Female 
College  at  Tuskegee,  and  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place  for  one  year,  after  which  he  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  the  city  of  .Selma  for  six  or  eight 
years.  His  principal  pastorates  wore  Lagrange 
and  Selma,  two  of  our  strongest  Southern  churches, 
and  his  connection  with  them  was  a  success.  For 
about  four  years  past  he  has  been  residing  on  his 
beautiful  farm — "Red  Lawn" — in  Shelby  County, 
and  preaching  for  the  churches  in  Columbiana, 
Montevallo,  Fayetteville,  and  Wilsonville,  Supe- 
rior in  scholarship,  profound  in  theological  re- 
search, eloquent  in  the  presentation  of  thought,  he 
stands  second  to  no  man  in  the  State  as  an  instruc- 
tive preacher.  Gifted  beyond  measure  in  conversa- 
tion, thoroughly  read  in  classic  and  historical  litei-- 
ature,  and  possessed  of  a  devout  Christian  spirit, 
combined  with  a  rich  flow  of  agreeable  anecdotes, 
he  is  one  of  the  most  companionable  men.  One 
seldom  parts  with  him  without  feeling  that  he  has 
enjoyed  a  rare  social  and  religious  treat.  The  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him 
by  Howard  College. 

Teale,  Rev,  Josiah  Harris,  was  born  Jan.  16, 
1846,  in  Coshocton  Co.,  0.  ;  spent  his  early  years 
on  a  fai'm  ;  was  converted,  in  1860,  while  at  Wes- 
leyan  University,  Delaware,  0. ;  baptized  and  joined 
the  Rock  Kun  church  in  1867;  dedicated  his  life 
to  the  ministry  ;  graduated  at  Denisoii  University 
in  1874;  was  licensed  in  1873  by  the  Pleasant 
Hill  church,  O. ;  went  to  California  in  1875; 
was  ordained  at  Santa  Cruz  in  1876  ;  preached  as 
pastor  at  Napa,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Saint  Helena  ;  was 
pastor  at  A'ictoria,  British  Columliia.  from  Septem- 
ber, 1877,  to  January,  1879,  when  ho  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Oregon  Cit}', 
Oregon,  where  he  is  now  laboring  with  success, 
and  is  numbered  among  the  influential  preachers 
of  Oregon. 

Teasdale,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  New  Jersey. 
Nov.  12,  ISUij.  lie  was  converted  at  twenty,  and 
baptized  by  Rev.  Leonard  Fletcher.  He  was  soon 
licensed  to  preach,  and  entered  Madison  Univer- 
sity, N.  Y.  After  four  years  of  study  he  left  on 
account  of  feeble  health.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Newton,  N.  J.  Mr.  Teasdale 
removed  to  Virginia  in  1836,  and  for  four  years 
was  pastor  at  Fredericksburg.  In  1842  he  returned 
to  New  Jersey,  and  took  charge  of  the  Schooley's 
Mountain  church.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Alton, 
III.,  and  was  an  efficient  agent  of  the  Alton  College. 
A  new  building  was  erected,  and  funds  raised  for 


TEASDALK 


1138 


TELOOGOOS 


the  endowment,  lie  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Third  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  In  a  year 
a  good  cliapel  was  luiilt  and  additions  to  the  church 
were  made.  While  in  the  midst  of  this  j;ood  work 
his  days  were  ended  by  the  terrible  cata-stniphe 
at  the  (jiasconade  bridj;e,  on  the  I'liciKc  Railroad, 
where  many  prominent  citizens  of  St.  Louis  lost 
tlieir  lives. 

Teasdale,  Jos.  H.,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1S17  ;  removed  to  Virginia  when  twenty  years  of 
aj;e ;  made  a  profession  of  religion  at  cijjhteen, 
and  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1847.  Mr.  Teasdale 
was  one  of  tlie  constituent  members  of  the  'f  bird 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  and  for  many  years 
has  been  a  deacon,  and  a  generous  supporter  of 
tlie  church.  His  brother,  Rev.  John  Teasdale, 
was  its  pastor,  and  Thomas  C.  Teasdale,  D.D.,  and 
Deacon  .Martin  Teasdale.  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  cliuich,  are  his  brotliers.  His  Christian 
character  and  inlliience  are  acknowledged  in  St. 
Louis  and  in  Missouri. 

Teasdale,  Thomas  Cox,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
township  ijf  Wantaj^e,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  Dec.  2, 
ISOti.  He  is  the  second  son  of  the  late  Hon. 
Thomas  Teasdale.  His  grandfather,  Uev.  Thos. 
Teasdale,  was  an  earnest  Baptist  minister,  who 
emigrated  from  England  to  this  country  when  his 
oldest  son,  Thomas,  the  father  of  Dr.  Teasdale,  was 
fourteen  years  old.  Not  long  after  liis  arrival 
Elder  Teasdale  settled  in  the  northern  part  of  Sus- 
sex Co.,  N.  J.,  and  took  charge  of  a  church  which 
is  known  as  the  Hamburg  church.  In  the  autumn 
of  1826  it  ])leased  God  to  impress  young  Teasdale 
most  deeply  with  a  sense  of  his  need  of  salvation. 
He  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  identify  himself  with 
the  people  of  God,  and  accordingly  related  the  ex- 
ercises of  his  mind  to  tlie  church,  and  on  a  bleak 
November  Sabbath  in  1826  was  baptized  by  Elder 
Leonard  Fletcher. 

For  a  time  after  his  baptism  his  mind  was  greatly 
exercised  in  regard  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
He  finally  decided  to  obey  the  call,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1828  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  his 
church.  May  of  the  same  year  he  entered  the 
theological  seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  In  the 
autumn  of  1830  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
of  a  church  in  East  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  was  or- 
dained on  the  16th  day  of  December,  1830. 

In  the  spring  of  1832  he  removed  to  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  spent  four  years  in  Phila- 
delphia and  vicinity,  devoting  most  of  his  time  to 
evangelical  labors,  which  were  eminently  success- 
ful. In  the  spring  of  1836  he  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  high  school  in  Newton,  N.  J.  The 
First  and  Second  Baptist  churches  of  Newton — 
one  located  in  the  village  of  Lafayette  and  the  other 
in  the  town  of  Newton — also  reiiuested  his  ser- 
vices as  their  pastor.    He  removed  to  this  field,  and 


remained  in  it  four  years,  and  his  efforts  in  awaken- 
ing a  deeper  interest  in  education  and  religion 
were  highly  gratifying. 

Mr.  Teasdale  served  as  pastor,  after  this,  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  New  Haven.  Conn.  He  was  next 
pastor  of  the  Grant  Street  church,  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
after  this,  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Springfield, 
111.,  then,  of  the  E  Street  church,  Washington,  D.  C. 
It  was  during  his  pastorate  in  Washington,  in 
1852.  that  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
N.  Y. 

In  1858,  Dr.  Teasdale  removed  to  Columbus, 
Miss.,  and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  that  place. 
He  had  held  a  protracted  meeting  there  six  months 
previous  to  this  removal,  which  resulted  in  the 
conversion  of  some  four  hundred  persons. 

In  1863  he  resigned  the  care  of  the  church  in 
Columbus,  and  preached  to  the  Confederate  sol- 
diers until  the  close  of  the  war.  Dr.  Teasdale  was 
for  a  time  corresponding  .secretary  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
which  flourished  during  his  term  of  service. 

In  1873,  Dr.  Teasdale  was  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Rhetoric  and  Elocution  in  the  University  of 
Tennessee,  at  Knoxville,  where  he  now  resides. 
His  life  has  been  one  of  great  activity  and  useful- 
ness. 

He  has  baptized  over  3000  persons  ;  witnessed 
the  profession  of  some  15,000  persons  under  his 
ministry:  published  several  pamphlets  and  books, 
the  principal  of  the  latter  of  which  is  a  volume 
of  his  "Revival  Discourses;''  contributed  mate- 
rially in  building  up  institutions  of  learning;  as- 
sisted in  establishing  the  "Orphans'  Home,'  in 
Mississippi.  His  work  on  "  Baptism  and  Com- 
munion" is  of  rare  merit,  and  so  are  his  ''  Revival 
Discourses.'' 

Teloogoo  Theological  Seminary,  Ramapa- 

tam. — This  institution  is  known  as  Brownson 
Theological  Seminary.  While  Mr.  Clougli  was  in 
America,  in  March,  1872,  and  in  January,  1874, 
he  secured  an  endowment  of  $50,O00  for  this  school. 
At  the  close  of  1879  there  were  five  natives  and  Mr. 
Williams,  a  missionary,  in  the  fijculty  of  the  semi- 
nary, and  152  students  were  under  their  care. 
The  course  of  instruction  embraces  the  purely  theo- 
logical training  of  similar  seminaries  in  this  coun- 
try, with  church  history.  Sermonizing  is  not  neg- 
lected. 

The  teachers  and  students  take  charge  of  the 
region  for  ten  miles  around  the  school,  conducting 
worship  and  Sunday-schools  regularly  in  thirty- 
five  towns  and  villages.  In  this  way  instruction 
and  practice  are  constantly  united  in  the  experi- 
ence of  these  candidates  for  the  holiest  of  offices. 

TeloOgOOS. — The  country  of  the  Teloogoos  is 
on  the  western  coast  of  the  Bay   of  Bengal.     It 


TELOOGOOS 


1139 


TEMPERANCE 


stretches  north  and  south  some  600  or  700  miles, 
and  extends  inhmd  from  the  coast  from  300  to  400 
miles.  The  latest  estimate  makes  the  population 
of  this  country  not  fai-  from  lS,()0ll,0UO.  While 
the  territory  thus  referred  to  contains  the  larger 
portion  of  Teloogoos,  they  are  found  in  no  small 
numhers  in  all  the  towns  and  cities  of  Southern 
India.  The  religion  of  the  Teloogoos  is  Brah- 
nianism,  with  its  accompanying  caste  system. 

The  attention  of  American  Baptists  was  called 
to  this  interesting  people  in  183.5  by  Mev.  Amos 
Sutton,  who  ur;:ed  upon  them  the  desirableness  of 
establishing  a  mission  among  them.  Influenced 
by  his  suggestion,  the  board  sent  out  in  September 
of  that  year,  in  company  with  missionaries  who 
were  to  occupy  other  stations.  Rev.  S.  S.  Day 
and  his  wife.  who.  for  a  time,  resided  at  Vizaga- 
pataiii.  one  of  the  chief  cities  of  the  Teloogoo  coun- 
try. Subsequently  he  removed  to  a  suburban  vil- 
lage of  Madr.as.  called  AVonarapetta.  Four  years 
were  passed  in  this  locality  with  but  little  visible 
fruit.  Mr.  Day  decided  that  the  interests  of  the 
mission  would  be  better  promoteil  by  removal  to  a 
different  locality.  Accordingly  he  selected  Nellore 
as  a  suitable  place  for  the  establishment  of  a  mis- 
sion station,  and  removed  with  his  family  to  that 
place.  At  the  time  of  writing  this  sketch  there  are 
seven  stations  among  the  Teloogoos,  to  wit:  Nel- 
lure.  Ongole,  Kamapatam,  Secuiiderabad.  Kurnool. 
Madr.as,  and  llanamaooiida. 

1.  The  mission  at  Nellore,  as  has  already  been 
said,  was  commenced  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day.  Shortly 
after  their  arrival  at  Nellore  they  were  joined  by 
Rev.  .Stephen  Van  Iluson  and  wife.  The  first 
Teloogoo  convert  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Day  in 
September.  1.S40.  For  several  years  there  was  but 
little  apparent  success  in  the  conversion  of  the 
Teloogoos  at  Nellore.  It  was  emphatically  a  time 
for  seed-sowing,  and  faith  and  patience  were  tried 
to  their  utmost  in  waiting  for  results.  There  was 
no  other  baptism  until  1843,  when  a  solitary  indi- 
vidual subiriittod  to  the  rite.  Mr  Van  Ilusen  was 
obliged  to  leave  the  field  of  his  labor  in  1845  and 
go  home  to  America,  never  to  return.  Sir.  Day 
followed  in  184G.  The  question  of  abandoning  the 
Teloogoo  Mission  was  seriously  discussed.  The 
Nellore  station  remained  in  the  hands  of  native 
assistants  until  the  return  of  Mr.  Day,  who,  in 
company  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jewett,  sailed  from 
the  United  States  Oct.  10,  1848,  and,  arriving  in 
due  time  at  the  place  of  their  destination,  began 
their  work  with  new  zeal  and  courage.  But,  for 
five  years,  the  fortunes  of  the  mission  were  any- 
thing but  encouraging,  and  again  the  question  of 
■abandonment  was  discussed,  and  decided  in  the 
negative.  In  1853,  Mr.  Day  having  returned  to 
this  country,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jewett  were  left  alone 
to  carry  on  the  mission.     Rev.  F.  A.  Douglass  and 


wife  joined  them  in  1855.  Amid  trials  and  encour- 
agements the  work  has  been  carried  on  for  more 
than  a  score  of  years  since  this  date,  and  now  the 
Nellore  station  reports  3  missionaries,  6  native 
preachers.  3  churches,  and  3t)()  members. 

2.  At  the  Ongole  station  work  was  commenced 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jewett  and  one  of  the  native  Chris- 
tians named  Jacob,  in  1853.  Ongole  is  seventy-seven 
miles  north  of  Nellore,  and  is  a  town  made  up  al- 
most wholly  of  Teloogoos.  Amidst  the  most  dis- 
couraging circumstances  the  mission  was  carried 
on  for  years,  and  in  18G2,  Mr.  Jewett,  broken  down 
in  health,  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  field  and 
go  home  to  the  United  States.  Again  the  question 
of  giving  up  tlie  Teloogoo  Mission  was  seriously 
discussed.  But  Mr.  Jewett  pleaded  earnestly  for 
its  continuance  and  reinforcement,  and  bis  pleas 
were  not  in  vain.  Mr.  Clough  returned  with  Dr. 
Jewett  to  the  Teloogoo  country,  and  the  station  at 
Ongole  came  under  his  special  supervision  in  1866, 
and  on  the  1st  of  January,  1807,  a  little  church  of 
eight  persons  w<as  organized.  Years  of  earnest  work 
passed.  The  seed  sown  has  sprung  up  into  a  most 
bciuntiful  harvest,  and  tidings  of  the  most  thrilling 
character  come  to  us  of  the  wonderful  outpouring 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  upon  the  people,  and  the  hope- 
ful conversion  and  b.iptism  of  thousands  of  the 
Teloogoos  of  Ongole.  The  report  of  the  executive 
board,  presented  in  May,  1880,  gives  the  following 
statistics  concerning  that  station  :  5  missionaries, 
22  native  preachers,  1  church,  with  13,106  mem- 
bers. 

3.  Ramapatam,  the  third  station  among  the  Teloo- 
goos, established  in  1869,  is  also  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  There  are  here  2  missionaries,  10 
native  preachers,  3  churches,  with  1853  members. 

4.  The  fourth  station,  Secunderabad,  established 
in  1875,  reported  in  May  2  missionaries,  3  native 
preachers,  1  church,  with  56  members. 

5.  The  Kurnool  station,  established  in  1876.  has 
3  missionaries,  3  native  preachers.  2  churches,  with 
270  memliers. 

Madras  has  4  missionaries,  2  native  preachers, 
and  1  church,  with  a  membership  of  9. 

Ilanamaconda  has  2  missionaries. 

The  Teloogoo  Mission  has  been  wonderfully 
blessed  of  God,  and  attracts  to  itself,  in  a  remark- 
able degree,  the  attention  of  the  whole  Christian 
world.  On  it  rests  in  a  large  measure  the  benedic- 
tion of  heaven. 

Temperance. — ''  Wine  is  a  mocker,  strong  drink 
is  raging,  and  whosoever  is  deceived  thereby  is  not 
wise."  This  divine  testimony  is  abundantlv  illus- 
trated in  daily  life.  No  habit  is  so  deceptive  as 
that  of  using  .alcoholic  beverages.  Slowly  but  cer- 
tainly it  rivets  its  fetters  upon  its  victim,  who  too 
frequently  only  realizes  its  power  when  the  attempt 
is  made  to  break  it. 


TEMPERANCE 


1140 


TENNESSEE 


With  many  the  struggle  is  unsuccessful.  He 
only  is  the  victor  who  trusts  not  in  his  own 
strength  but  daily  seeks  divine  help. 

Careful  investigation  has  proved  that  the  use  of 
alcohnlic  stimuliints  is  not  needful  to  the  enjoy- 
ment of  the  highest  health  ;  that  it  does  not  secure 
greater  strength  for  eil^her  bodily  or  mental  effort, 
and  that  it  tends  to  shorten  life.  Surely  he  acts 
wisely  who  follows  the  divine  command,  "  Look 
not  thou  upon  the  wine  when  it  is  red.  when  it 
giveth  his  colur  in  the  cup,  when  it  movcth  itself 
aright;  at  the  last  it  biteth  like  a  serpent  and 
stingeth  like  an  adder.'' 

Intemperance  brings  disgrace,  privation,  and 
poverty  upon  the  drunkard  and  his<"aniily.  and  in- 
jures society  by  the  increased  burdens  imposed  by 
the  crime  and  pauperism  resulting  from  it. 

Intemperance  deadens  the  conscience,  hardens 
the  heart,  and  leads  men  to  dishonor  God.  It  is 
Satan's  most  successful  weapon  against  the  church 
and  the  truth,  and  for  the  destruction  of  immortal 
souls. 

Among  the  obstacles  to  the  temperance  reform 
needing  thoughtful  consideration  by  Christians 
are.  First.  The  manufacture  of  domestic  wines,  not 
for  sale,  but  for  home  use.  These  are  claimed  to 
be  unintoxicating,  and  consequently  harmless. 

Analysis,  however,  has  shown  that  tliey  contain 
from  four  to  twelve  per  cent.,  or  more,  of  alcohol, 
and  therefore  tend  to  create  the  appetite  for  stronger 
drink. 

Second.  The  medical  use,  without  the  special 
advice  of  a  conscientious  physician,  of  alcoholic 
liquors. 

Ezra  M.  Hunt,  M.D.,  in  a  very  able  paper  read 
before  the  International  Medical  Congress,  held  in 
connection  with  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  at  Phil- 
adelphia, says,  "  We  cannot  conceal  from  ourselves 
as  physicians  that  thousands  with  sincerity  indulge 
in  the  use  of  alcoholic  stimuli  because  they  enter- 
tain the  idea  that  health  requires  it.  Some  phv- 
sician  had  advised  a  little  wine  or  brandy  or  ale  for 
a  special  ailment,  and  the  patient  continues  the 
prescription,  or  renews  it  repeatedly,  because  '  his 
constitution  requires  it.'  AVe  have  been  saddened 
to  find  those  pledged  to  total  abstinence  thus  using 
the  beverage,  and  really  deceiving  themselves.  So 
exceptional  is  the  need  of  alcoholic  liquors  in  any 
ehi-onic  ailment,  that  no  one  who  claims  to  be 
using  them  as  medicines  should  forget  to  consult 
his  physician  very  frequently  about  the  necessity 
for  their  continuance.  If  such  were  the  rule,  and 
if  physicians  were  truly  conscientious,  thousands 
who  now  use  them  medicinally  would  cease  to 
touch  them." 

The  position  of  the  Baptist  denomination  on  the 
temperance  reform  is  indicated  by  the  repeated 
action  of  leading  Associations  declaring,   in  em- 


phatic terms,  their  approval  of  total  abstinence. 
No  Baptist  church  in  the  Northern  States  would 
receive  or  retain  in  its  membership  any  one  en- 
gaged in  the  nmnufacture  or  sale  of  these  beverages, 
neither  would  it  accept  as  a  member  the  house- 
owner  who  rented  his  property  for  such  purposes. 

Let  Christians  live  in  the  practice  of  total  absti- 
nence from  all  intoxicating  liquors,  discounte- 
nancing their  use  on  wedding  and  other  private  or 
public  occasions,  and  mayCioil  hasten  the  abolition 
of  their  manufacture  and  use  tliroughout  the  whole 
earth  I 

Ten  Brook,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  born  in  Elmira. 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  21,  1814.  lie  received  his  educa- 
tion— preparatory,  cnllegiate,  and  theological — at 
Hamilton,  finishing  the  course  in  1841.  In  October 
of  that  year  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First 
church  in  Detroit,  and  remained  in  this  position 
three  years.  The  University  of  Michigan  was  then 
beginning  its  work  of  instruction,  and  Mr.  Ten 
Brook  was  placed  in  the  chair  of  Moral  Philosophy. 
He  held  this  professorship  till  1851.  Fortwo  years 
he  was  associated  with  the  late  Alexander  M.  Bee- 
bee  in  the  conduct  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Regis- 
ter, and  had  the  chief  editorial  i-esponsibility.  In 
1856  he  was  appointed  U.  S.  consul  at  Munich. 
Bavaria,  and  held  the  office  till  1802.  Returning 
to  the  United  States,  he  became  librarian  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  and  remained  in  that  posi- 
tion till  1877.  In  1875  he  published  an  octavo 
volume  entitled  "American  State  Universities  and 
the  University  of  Michigan."  While  pastor  in 
Detroit  he  was  also  editor  of  the  Michigan  Chris- 
tian lltrahl. 

Tennessee,  The  Baptist  of. — This  paper,  first 
called  The  Baptist,  came  into  existence  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  at  some  time  between  the  ye.ars  1830 
and  1835.  Rev.  R.  B.  C.  Howell,  D.D.,  was  its  first 
editor.  For  some  years  its  circulation  was  quite 
limited,  and  when  it  came  under  the  editorial  su- 
pervision of  Rev.  .J.  R.  Graves,  in  1844,  its  list  of 
subscribers  numbered  only  1005.  For  a  time  the 
increase  was  slow  but  steady.  The  name  was 
changed  to  The  Tennessee  Baptist,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years  it  became  the  pronounced  advocate 
of  what  has  since  been  termed  "  Old-Landmark- 
ism."  Its  circulation  rapidly  increased,  and  its 
editor  became  very  influential.  On  May  15,  1858, 
its  editors  were  announced  as  follows  :  J.  R.  Graves. 
J.  M.  Pendleton,  and  A.  C.  Dayton.  The  two 
brethren  last  named  h.ad  been  for  some  years  special 
contributors.  The  incre.ise  in  the  number  of  sub- 
scribers was  constant  and  rapid,  so  that  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war  its  circulation  was  said  to  have 
been  larger  than  that  of  any  Baptist  paper  in  the 
world.  The  publication  of  the  paper  was  sus- 
pended during  the  war,  but  was  renewed  after  the 
return   of  peace.     The   place   of   publication  was 


TE^'^rESSEE 


1141 


TENNESSEE 


changed  from  Nashville  bo  Memphis.  The  name 
of  the  State  was  drojiped  from  the  title,  and  it  lias 
appeared  since  as  T/ie  Biipfist,  a  quarto  of  sixteen 
pages.  Dr.  Graves  has  been  since  the  war  its  sole 
editor,  and  he  wields  now  (1881)  as  able  a  pen  as 
at  any  period  of  his  eventful  life,  and  his  paper  is 
a  power  in  a  large  section  of  our  country. 

Tennessee  Baptists. — Tennessee  is  naturally 
divided  into  three  sections  by  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  and  the  Tennessee  River,  both  of  which 
cross  the  State  north  and  south,  known  as  East, 
Middle,  and  West  Tennessee,  and  in  this  order  they 
were  originally  settled.  The  people  in  these  divis- 
ions have  always  been  as  distinct  in  their  pursuits 
and  interests,  and  in  their  social  and  religious  in 
tercourse.  as  if  they  lived  in  different  and  distant 
States.  In  sketching  the  history  of  the  Baptists  it 
will  therefore  in  some  measure  be  necessary  to  follow 
this  order,  though  sometimes  their  proceedings  will 
appear  blended. 

EAST    TEXNESSEE. 

Some  of  the  northeastern  counties  of  this  section 
began  to  be  occupied  previous  to  1770.  and  among 
the  settlers  there  were  some  Baptists,  emigrants 
from  North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  The  country 
at  this  time  w.is  a  wilderness  infested  with  wild 
beasts,  and  the  settlers  were  subject  to  murderous 
incursions  from  hostile  Indians.  Though  the  Bap- 
tists do  not  seem  to  have  been  numerous,  they  were 
among  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  to  proclaim  the 
gospel  in  Tennessee  territory.  In  1781  they  had 
six  organized  churches  holding  associated  relations 
with  an  Association  in  North  Carolina.  These, 
with  one  or  two  others,  were  formed  into  the  IIol- 
ston  Association  in  1786.  Among  the  pioneer  min- 
isters at  this  time  in  the  country,  and  through 
whose  labors  the  Baptist  denomination  was  estab- 
lished, may  be  mentioned  James  Keel,  Thomas 
Murrell.  Matt.  Talbot,  Isaac  Barton.  Wm.  Murphy, 
and  John  Cliastine  from  Virginia,  and  Tidence 
Lane,  Jonathan  Mulky,  and  Wm.  Reno  from  North 
Carolina.  These  ministers  brought  with  them 
many  of  their  brethren,  and  in  one  or  more  in- 
stances regular  organized  churches.  They  gener- 
ally settled  on  farms  and  made  their  support  by 
tilling  the  soil  or  teaching  school,  and  preached  on 
Sundays  or  at  night  in  private  houses  and  in  school- 
houses,  or  in  rude  buildings  improvised  for  worship, 
and  sometimes  under  the  shade  of  trees.  They 
were  pious,  thoroughly  re.id  in  the  Scriptures,  and 
gave  evidence  that  "  they  had  been  with  Jesus." 
They  lived  among  the  people  who  heard  their  mes- 
sages gladly,  and  the  pleasure  of  the  Lord  pros- 
pered in  their  hands.  According  to  Asplund's 
"Register"  for  1790,  the  Holston  Association  had 
a  membership  of  889  members,  and  by  the  begin- 
ning of  the  next  decade  tlicy  had  increased  to  37 


churches  and  2.')00  members,  keeping  pace  with  the 
increasing  population  of  the  country.  In  1802  the 
Tennessee  Association  was  formed  in  a  central 
territory  immediately  surrounding  Knoxville,  the 
capital  of  the  new  State.  Some  of  the  ministers 
connected  with  this  organization  were  Duke  Kim- 
brough,  Elijah  Rogers,  Joshua  Frost,  Amos  Ilardin. 
Daniel  Layman,  William  Bellew.  In  1S17  it  sent 
out  a  colony  of  twelve  churches  and  as  inanj'  min- 
isters to  form  the  Powell's  Valley  Association. 
And  again,  in  1822,  another  colony  east  of  the  Ten- 
nessee River  was  organized  into  the  Iliwassee  As- 
sociation, consisting  of  ten  churches,  which  in- 
creased its  membership  and  enlarged  its  territory 
until  1830.  when  it  divided  and  formed  the  Sweet- 
Water  Association,  with  17  churches  and  1100 
members. 

The  year  18.3.'}  may  be  regarded  as  the  beginning 
of  a  new  era  in  the  history  and  progress  of  the  Bap- 
tists of  Eiust  Tennessee,  and  the  whole  State  as  well. 
Up  to  this  time  they  had  made  commendable  prog- 
ress, having  maintained  internal  harmony,  and  kept 
well  up  with  the  growth  of  the  population  :  but  the 
labor  of  evangelizing  had  been  voluntarily  per- 
formed by  the  ministry  at  their  own  convenience  and 
expense.  An  extensive  and  general  revival  of  re- 
ligion, which  began  aboutthis  time  and  cimtinuedfor 
two  or  three  years,  suggested  the  importance  of  a 
united  and  organized  plan  for  supplying  the  desti- 
tute with  the  gospel,  and  extending  the  influence 
of  their  denominational  principles.  The  initiative 
of  an  organization  was  taken  in  Middle  Tennessee 
by  Elders  Garner  McConnico,  James  Whitsitt,  and 
Peter  S.  Gayle.  who  called  a  meeting  at  Mill  Creek, 
near  Nashville,  in  October.  1833,  and  organized  a 
Baptist  State  Convention.  Conforming  to  the  pecu- 
liar formation  of  the  State,  the  Convention  appointed 
three  boards  to  conduct  its  affairs,  one  in  each  di- 
vision of  the  State.  This  plan  continued  for  only 
a  year  or  two,  when  it  was  found  impracticable  to 
unite  the  churches  on  a  General  Convention,  when 
the  East  Tennessee  brethren  withdrew  and  organ- 
ized the  General  Association  of  East  Tennessee. 
The  le.iding  ministers  engaged  in  this  enterprise 
were  Samuel  Love.  .James  Kennon,  Elijah  Rogers, 
Charles  and  Richard  11.  Taliaferro,  Robert  Snced, 
and  William  Bellew.  This  movement,  while  it 
caused  the  secession  of  a  few  thousands  of  anti-mis- 
sion Baptists,  imparted  new  life  to  the  great  body 
of  the  churches,  and  inspired  the  ministry  with  a 
fresh  zeal,  which  gave  increased  momentum  to  de- 
nominational progress.  In  1847  the  Baptists  in 
East  Tennessee  had  increased  to  13.390,  and  6573 
anti-mission,  or  those  who  stood  aloof  from  the 
General  Association,  making  a  Baptist  population 
of  19,963.  In  1858  they  had  increased  to  19.103 
regulars,  and,  supposing  the  anti-missionaries  to 
have  maintained  their  strength  of  6573,  to  an  ag- 


TENNESSEE 


1142 


TENNESSEE 


gregate  of  25,676.  In  1880  their  reports  give  ubout 
45,000  regular  white  Baptists,  2000  colored,  and 
5000  anti-mission,  or  a  fraction  over  52.000 -in  East 
Tennessee.  At  present  the  Baptists  are  numerically 
much  the  largest  denomination  in  this  section  of 
the  Slate.  Although  the  General  Association  has 
contributed  much  moral,  and  some  pecuniary,  sup- 
port in  producing  these  results,  they  are  due  largely 
to  the  zeal  and  voluntary  labor  of  ministers,  and 
to  mission.s  supported  by  Associations. 

In  1850  a  college  was  chartered  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  General  Association,  known  at  present 
as  Carson  College,  located  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
valley  in  JefiFerson  County,  near  tlie  town  of  Mossy 
Creek,  on  the  East  Tennessee  and  Virginia  Railroad. 
It  received  its  name  from  Hon.  James  H.  Carson, 
who  bequoathcd  to  it  SI  5,000.  the  interest  of  which 
was  to  be  used  in  the  education  of  young  ministers. 
Mr.  Carson  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  institu- 
tion. The  college  has  no  endowment,  but  has 
maintained  its  existence  for  thirty  years  from  the 
tuition  fees,  with  a  regular  faculty  of  four  profes- 
sors. It  has  trained  in  whole  or  in  part  nearly  one 
hundred  young  men  for  the  ministry,  and  has  done 
much  in  the  general  cause  of  education.  The  Rev. 
N.  B.  Goforth,  D.D.,  is  its  popular  president. 
There  is  a  Female  College  at  Bristol,  Rev.  D.  C. 
Wester  president,  which  is  doing  a  good  work  in 
the  education  of  young  ladies.  There  is  also  a 
private  institution  at  Tazewell  under  the  direction 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Manard,  that  is  accomplishing  much 
in  the  cause  of  education  among  the  Baptists.  A 
religious  paper.  The  Baptist  Beacon,  is  published 
at  Knoxville,  and  supported  chiefly  by  the  Baptists 
of  this  section. 

MIDDLE  AND  WEST  TENNESSEE. 
The  middle  division  of  the  State  began  to  be 
settled  in  1780,  and.  as  in  the  eastern  division, 
among  its  pioneers  there  were  Baptists  and  Bap- 
tist ministers.  The  first  church  known  to  have 
been  formed  was  in  1786,  on  Red  River,  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Grammer,  and  in  1791  another  was  founded 
on  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  the  same  river  by  Rev. 
Ambrose  Dudley  and  John  Taylor,  who  visited 
this  region  as  missionaries  from  Kentucky.  The 
first  Association  was  organized  in  1796  ;  but,  owing 
to  internal  difficulties  which  sprung  up,  it  was  in 
a  few  years  dissolved,  and  in  l!S03  the  Cumber- 
land Association  was  instituted  partly  of  some 
of  its  churches.  This  latter  community  had  for 
many  years  considerable  prosperity,  and  had  also 
some  of  the  best  churches  and  ablest  ministers 
in  the  country  ;  but  it  is  now  only  a  small,  declin- 
ing, anti-mission  body,  a  very  different  organiza- 
tion from  the  Cumberland  Association,  with  which 
are  connected  three  of  the  Nashville  churches  and 
the  church  in  Clarksville,  of  which  Rev.  A.  D. 


Sears,  D.D.,  is  moderatpr.  In  1810  the  Concord 
Association  was  formed,  its  territory  embracing 
Nashville  as  its  centre.  In  1812  there  was  a 
very  general  revival  within  its  wide  territory,  and 
it  had  an  increase  of  over  80(J  by  baptism  that 
year.  Its  prosperity  continued  until  its  territory 
was  divided  and  the  Salem  formed,  in  1822,  with 
twenty-seven  churches.  Among  the  ministers  who 
had  borne  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day  up  to 
this  time  may  be  mentioned  Joseph  Dorris,  Daniel 
Brown,  -James  AVhitsitt.  Garner  McConnico,  John 
Wiseman,  Joshua  Lester.  .John  Bond,  and  Jesse 
Cox. 

About  the  year  1824  the  denomination,  which 
had  been  harmonious  and  prosperous,  began  to 
meet  with  reverses  frum  internal  discord.  The 
doctrine  of  election  and  the  extent  of  the  atone- 
ment became  topics  of  bitter  discussion,  and  re- 
sulted in  a  division  of  churches  and  Associations, 
and  two  non-affiliating  bodies  of  Baptists ;  the 
seceding  party  were  called  Separate  Baptists,  who 
built  up  several  flourishing  Associations.  Im- 
mediately following  this  division  came  Alexander 
Campbell  and  his  so-called  reformatinn.  The 
church  in  Nashville,  which  had  grown  to  be  a  large 
and  flourishing  community,  with  between  three 
and  four  hundred  members,  had  for  its  pastor  Rev. 
Pliilip  Fall,  a  talented  and  popular  young  pastor, 
who  came  under  the  influence  of  Mr.  Campbell, 
embraced  his  sentiments,  and  carried  with  him  the 
whole  church  except  twelve  or  fifteen  members, 
who  adhered  to  the  Baptist  faith.  Mr.  Campbell's 
influence  was  felt  more  or  less  throughout  the 
denomination  in  this  State,  resulting  in  the  loss 
of  other  ministers  and  members,  and  from  bitter 
controversies  gathering  much  of  its  force.  This 
was  followed  in  1S33  by  the  secession  of  the  anti- 
mission  party  and  renewed  strife.  But  there  was 
compensation  fur  these  last  divisions  in  the  new 
zeal  inspired  by  the  organization  of  the  Baptist 
State  Convention,  and  a  reconciliation  and  re- 
union with  the  Separate  party,  who  were  quite  as 
numerous  and  more  intelligent  and  progressive 
than  the  anti-mission  people.  The  few  brethren 
who,  in  the  wreck  of  the  church  in  Nashville,  ad- 
hered to  the  Baptist  faith  reorganized,  and  had 
Elder  P.  S.  Gayle  for  their  pastor,  and  began  again 
to  build  up.  Mr.  G.iyle  resigning  in  1833,  Rev. 
R.  B.  C.  Howell,  of  Virginia,  was  called  to  the 
pastorate,  who  with  enthusiasm  and  zeal  entered 
into  his  work,  and  with  such  success  that  within  a 
few  years  the  Baptists  had  almost  regained  their 
lost  ground  ;  and  from  those  foithful  few,  as  the 
germ,  the  four  flourishing  churches  in  the  city  have 
grown  up.  Dr.  Howell  also  entered  enthusiastic- 
ally into  the  general  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion at  large,  and  commenced  the  publication  of 
The  Baptist,  which  he  edited  for  many  years,  by 


rKNXESSEE 


1143 


TERRILL 


which  he  did  muuh  in  diffusing  inforiuatiun,  pro- 
moting harmony,  and  furthering  the  benevolent 
worlc  of  the  Convention.  The  paper  thus  started 
still  exists,  and  has  had  a  wide  circulation  for 
thirty  years,  with  Rev.  J.  R.  Graves  as  its  editor 
and  proprietor.  But  it  has  been  removed  from 
Nashville  to  Memphis,  on  the  western  border  of 
the  State,  and  The  Baptist  Refltctnr  has  taken  its 
place  at  Nashville,  witli  Revs.  J.  B.  Chevis  and  R. 
B.  Woniack  as  editors  and  proprietors. 

East  and  West  Tennessee  having  withdrawn 
from  the  Convention  and  formed  independent  or- 
ganizations, the  Middle  Tennessee  brethren  dis- 
continued the  name,  and  substituted  for  it  General 
Association  of  Middle  Tennessee,  and  afterwards 
North  Alabama  was  added.  In  addition  to  its 
evangelical  work,  the  General  Association,  with  the 
co-operation  of  tlie  other  divisions  of  the  State,  es- 
tablished at  Murfreesborough  Union  University, 
an  institution  of  a  high  order,  and,  until  wrecked 
by  the  exigencies  of  the  civil  war,  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  denominational  institutions  of 
learning  in  tlie  Southwest.  Rev.  -J.  II.  Eaton,  D.D., 
had  lieen  its  popular  president  from  its  foundation 
until  his  death,  a  few  years  before  the  war,  and 
Rev.  J.  M.  Pendleton,  D.D.,  now  of  Upland,  Pa., 
its  excellent  theological  professor.  After  the  war 
the  institution  was  reorganized,  and  it  struggled 
on  for  existence  for  several  years,  with  sunshine 
and  clouds  alternately,  until  it  was  forced  to  su.s- 
pend.  A  Convention  of  Baptists  of  the  State  was 
called  at  Murfreesborough  in  1873  to  consider  what 
should  be  done.  The  result  which  followed  the 
proceedings  of  that  Convention  was  its  final  sus- 
pension, and  the  establishment  of  the  Southwestern 
Baptist  University,  at  Jackson,  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State,  which  has  now  been  in  successful 
operation  for  five  years.  It  has  a  medical  depart- 
ment in  Memphis.  Middle  Tennessee  Baptists 
have  the  Mary  Sharpe  Female  College,  at  Win- 
chester, which  has  had  for  twenty-five  years  un- 
paralleled prosperity  under  the  administration  of 
Rev.  Z.  C.  Graves,  LL.D. 

Though  AVest  Tennessee  began  to  be  settled  in 
1820,  and  Baptist  churclies  and  Associations  were 
soon  after  formed,  their  progress  is  not  marked 
with  any  special  interest  until  about  1.S33.  The 
West  Tennessee  Convention  was  formed  in  1835, 
since  which  the  denomination  has  made  good  prog- 
ress, and  has  had  some  of  the  most  liberal  and 
progressive  brethren  in  the  State.  Some  of  those 
who  may  be  regarded  as  their  ablest  pioneer  min- 
isters, nearly  all  of  whom  have  passed  away,  are 
Jerry  Burns,   Th.>mas  Owen,  P.  S.  Gayle.  C.  C. 

Conner,  N.   G.    Smith,   Collins.   George    N. 

Young,  J.  M.  Hart,  and  David  llaliburton.  The 
West  Tennessee  Convention  established  the  Browns- 
ville Female  College,  which  has  done  a  good  work 


in  female  education.  lu  1876  Middle  and  West 
Tennessee  dissolved  their  separate  organizations, 
and  witli  some  East  Tennessee  churches  again 
formed  a  State  Convention,  which  now  gives  hope 
of  a  successful  union  of  the  whole  denomination 
in  its  missionary  and  educational  interests.  The 
results  of  the  hundred  years  of  labor  of  the  Bap- 
tists in  the  State  may  be  given  from  official  docu- 
ments, with  a  few  estimates,  as  follows :  East 
Tennessee,  19  Associations  and  4.i,llO()  members: 
Middle  Tennessee,  10  Associations  and  22.000 
members ;  West  Tennessee,  7  Associations  and  a 
fraction  under  20,000  jnembers  ;  making  in  the 
State  87,000  regular  Baptists.  Besides  these,  there 
are  estimated  to  be  8000  anti-mission  Baptists 
and  20,000  colored  Baptists. 

COLORED  BAPTIST.?. 

It  is  difficult  to  get  correct  statistics  of  the 
colored  Baptists.  There  is  an  increase  of  intel- 
ligence in  their  preachers  as  they  become  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools,  access  to  which 
tliey  now  have  all  over  the  State.  The  excellent 
institution  at  Nashville,  under  the  direction  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Phillips,  established  by  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  is  doing  much  to  give  them 
an  educated  ministry,  the  beneficial  results  of 
which  are  already  visible.  With  their  present 
progress,  and  their  desire  for  improvement,  their 
future,  religiously  and  as  citizens,  may  be  regarded 
as  decidedly  hopeful.  With  judicious  and  intelli- 
gent leaders  they  will  become  a  liberal  and  pro- 
gressive people. 

Terrill,  Prof.  Anderson  Wood,  was  born  in 

Randolph  Co..  Mo.,  llw.  liO.  ls:,().  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  the  country.  After  a  thorough  pre- 
paratory course,  in  which  he  excelled  as  a  scholar, 
he  entered  Mount  Pleasant  College,  of  which  his 
brother,  J.  W.  Terrill.  was  president,  and  gr.nduated 
before  he  attained  his  majority.  For  four  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  that  institution. 
He  finally  left  Mount  Pleasant  College  to  accept 
the  presidency  of  Hardin  College,  at  Mexico,  Mo. 
In  character  he  is  positive.  His  purposes  are  firm 
and  his  plans  sure  to  be  executed.  In  manners  he 
is  mild,  and  he  possesses  a  personal  magnetism 
which  attaches  his  pupils  to  him  strongly.  He  is 
a  Baptist  in  religious  sentiment,  and  a  member 
of  that  church.  His  wife,  a  gifted  and  cultivated 
lady,  is  associated  with  him  as  a  teacher. 

Terrill,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  May  8, 1811, 
in  Boone  Co.,  Ky.  \\i!  was  converted  at  fourteen, 
and  baptized  by  Elder  Absalom  Graves.  He  set- 
tled in  Missouri  in  1836,  and  wiis  ordained  by  Rev. 
Jesse  Terrill.  His  home  was  near  Moberly.  lie 
was  a  man  of  good  native  talent  and  preached  the 
truth  clearly.  Ten  churches  were  established  in 
Central  Missouri  chiefly  through  his  instrumental- 


TERRILL 


1144 


TEXAS 


ity.  lie  died  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  President 
A.  W.  Terrill,  of  Mexico,  June  17,  1877,  !ind  was 
Iniried  at  liis  old  hnnie  near  Molierly,  Mo.  . 

Terrill,  Edward,  the  founder  of  the  Baptist 
colleite  at  Bristol,  Enr;Iand,  was  Ijiirn  in  1035.  He 
conducted  for  several  years  a  flourishing  school  in 
that  city,  and  joined  the  Broadmead  church  about 
1659.  He  was  soon  called  to  the  office  of  preaching 
elder,  and  served  the  church  with  great  acceptance 
for  many  years.  In  common  with  many  other 
members  of  the  same  church,  he  was  cast  into 
prison  several  times  for  the  crime  of  nonconformity 
to  the  established  religion.  The  Broadmead  rec- 
ords show  that  Mr.  Terrill's  death  took  place  in 
1685-86,  for  on  July  25,  1686,  the  church  met  "  at 
sister  Terrill's  to  choose  a  ruling  elder  in  the  place 
of  dear  brother  Terrill,  deceased.'-'  Himself  a  man 
of  IcNirning,  and  being  deeply  impressed  with  the 
necessity  of  ministerial  education,  he  left  a  portion 
of  his  estate  in  trust  for  the  pastor  of  the  Broad- 
mead church,  for  the  time  being,  under  the  follow- 
ing conditions :  "  Provided  he  be  an  holy  man,  well 
skilled  in  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  tongues,  in  which 
the  Scriptures  were  originally  written  ;  and  devote 
three  afternoons  in  the  week  to  the  instruction  of 
any  number  of  young  students,  not  exceeding 
twelve,  who  may  be  recommended  by  the  churches, 
in  the  knowledge  of  the  original  languages,  and 
other  literature."  This  bequest  became  available 
about  1717,  and  has  been  ever  since  a  source  of 
permanent  income  for  the  objects  contemplated  by 
the  testator,  under  the  name  of  Terrill's  Fund. 

Terry,  Rev.  A.  J.,  the  efficient  pastor  at  Bayou 
de  (liaise,  La.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1845; 
began  to  preach  in  1866;  removed  to  Louisiana  in 
1871. 

Terry,  Rev.  Nathaniel  G.,  an  eloquent  and 
eminently  successful  minister  in  the  Green  River 
A'alley,  was  born  in  Barren  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  17,  1829. 
He  took  an  academic  course  at  Glasgow,  in  his  na- 
tive county,  and  finished  his  education  at  Centre 
College,  Danville,  Ky.,  after  which  he  took  charge 
of  the  Masonic  Female  College,  in  Glasgow.  He 
united  with  Salem  Baptist  church,  near  his  birth- 
place, in  1841.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  Au- 
gust, 1858,  and  ordained  in  December  of  the  same 
year.  Soon  after  his  ordination  he  was  called  to 
the  Baptist  church  at  Glasgow,  where  he  labored 
with  success  for  fourteen  years.  He  then  removed 
to  his  farm  near  Caverna.  Hart  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  being  pastor  of  four  country  and 
village  churches.  He  has  baptized  over  1100  per- 
sons, and  has  been  moderator  of  Liberty  Association 
eleven  years.  He  has  been  engaged  in  two  oral 
debates,  in  which  he  proved  himself  a  skillful  po- 
lemic, and  he  is  regarded  as  the  ablest  defender  of 
Baptist  principles  in  his  region  of  the  State. 

Test  Act. — See  CoRFOR.^TioN  AND  Test  Acts. 


Texas  Baptist. — Before  the  war  a  paper  by 
this  name  was  issued  from  Anderson,  Grimes  Co., 
edited  by  Rev.  George  W.  Baines,  Sr.  On  Jan.  3, 
1874.  Rev.  R.  C.  Buckner  cummenced  the  issue  of 
the  Jiiti)ti.it  Mexseiiycr  at  Paris,  Texas.  In  1875 
he  removed  to  Dallas,  thence  issuing  the  Messenger. 
On  Jan.  13,  1879,  he  changed  the  name  to  Texas 
liiiptist,  and  he  has  built  up  a  good  publishing 
house,  and  secured  an  encouraging  list  of  sub- 
scribers.    The  paper  is  oxorting  a  wide  influence. 

Texas  Baptist  Educational  Society.— Organ- 
ized in  1845;  suspended  from  1861  to  1872;  reor- 
ganized in  the  latter  year.  It  has  aided  more  than 
100  young  men  in  obtaining  an  education  for  the 
ministi-y.  It  has  a  small  sum  (^50t)),  donated  by 
Rev.  J.  W.  D.  Creath,  bearing  interest,  which  is 
annually  incorporated  with  collections,  and  appro- 
priated to  beneficiaries.  Rev.  J.  W.  D.  Creath  is 
paying  an  additional  S.500  in  annual  installments 
of  $50  per  annum.  Rev.  Henry  L.  S.  Graves  is 
president,  Rev.  W.  Carey  Crane  is  corresponding 
secretary,  and  C.  R.  Breedlove,  Esq.,  is  treasurer. 
The  society  meets  annually  with  the  State  Con- 
vention. 

Texas  Baptist  Herald. — Under  the  direction 
of  the  Texas  Baptist  State  Convention,  on  May  31, 
1805,  one  number  of  the  Texas  Christian  Herald 
was  issued,  edited  by  AVm.  Carey  Crane  and  Hor- 
ace Clark.  No  other  number  was  issued  under 
that  name.  On  Dec.  13,  1865,  the  books,  printing 
paper,  and  aliout  $60  in  gold  were  turned  over  to 
Rev.  J.  B.  Link,  who  undertook  to  issue  the  Texas 
Baptist  Herald  on  that  day,  with  the  understand- 
ing that  all  existing  enterprises  in  Texas  should 
be  sustained.  Indefatigably  laboring.  Rev.  J.  B. 
Link,  aided  by  strong  friends,  has  won  success. 
The  journal  thus  started  has  grown  in  usefulness, 
until  now  it  has  an  encouraging  list  of  subscribers, 
with  a  strong  office,  and  ranks  among  the  first  Bap- 
tist newspapers  in  the  Union.  Rev.  J.  B.  Link  and 
Rev.  0.  C.  Pope,  editors  ;  Rev.  Jones  Johnston, 
business  manager;  published  at  Houston. 

Texas  Baptist  State  Convention  was  organ- 
ized Sept.  8,  1848,  at  Anderson,  Grimes  Co.,  Texas. 
Its  objects  are  home  missions,  foreign  missions,  ed- 
ucation, and  such  other  measures  as  will  promote 
the  unity  an<l  harmony  of  the  whole  denomination 
and  extend  the  gospel  in  the  State.  During  its 
existence  about  S75,000  for  the  support  of  mission- 
aries in  destitute  places  in  the  State  have  been 
raised,  and  thus  have  laid  the  foundations  of  a 
large  number  of  churches.  It  has  raised  and  for- 
warded about  SIS, 000  for  foreign  missions,  and  has 
aided  all  the  general  benevolent  enterprises  of  the 
day.  It  has  fostered  Baylor  University  and  Baylor 
Female  College,  whose  trustees  it  appoints  annu- 
ally. It  comprises  over  one-half  of  the  State  in  its 
present  operations,  allowing  the  General  Associa- 


TEXAS 


1145 


THARP 


tion  and  the  Eastern  Convention  the  remainder  of 
the  State.  Its  presidents  have  been  Henry  L. 
Graves,  James  Iliickins,  J.  W.  D.  Creath,  R.  E.  B. 
Baylor,  Rufus  C.  Burleson,  Ilosea  Garrett,  Win. 
Carey  Crane,  and  C.  C.  Chaplin.  Hon.  0.  H.  P.  Gar- 
rett has  held  the  office  of  recording  secretary  most 
of  the  time  since  1.S48.  No  other  organization  has 
exerted  a  grander  influence  on  the  .State  than  this 
State  Convention.  Besides  its  officers  and  direc- 
tors it  has  a  board  of  trustees,  chartered  by  the 
Legislature,  to  which  is  committed  the  charge  of 
all  bequests  and  trusts.  This  board  have  SHOO 
loaned  out,  the  bequest  of  Mrs.  Mary  Vickers, 
bearing  ten  per  cent,  interest,  which  interest  is 
annually  appropriated  to  domestic  missions  in  the 
State. 

Texas  Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention, 
organized  at  Independence  in  November,  1S60, 
has  sustained  a  depositary  and  a  general  mission- 
ary during  nearly  all  its  existence.  Its  mission- 
aries, charged  with  the  work  of  organizing  new 
Sunday-schouls  and  infusing  life  into  old  ones, 
have  been  Rev.  S.  S.  Cross,  Rev.  M.  V.  Smith, 
Rev.  W.  H.  Robert,  Rev.  H.  L.  Graves,  and  Rev. 
W.  D.  Powell,  the  present  incumbent.  In  1877-78 
seventy  new  Sunday-schools  were  organized.  W. 
R.  Howell,  Esq.,  President;  Rev.  J.  M.  Carroll, 
Corresponding  Secretary  :  P.  Hawkins.  Esq.,  Re- 
cording Secretary,  xVnderson,  Grimes  Co.,  Texas. 

Texas  Baptists  in  1880. — Whole  number  of 
comnuinicants,  107,578-,  churches,  1910 ;  Associa- 
tions, 81  ;  Sunday-schools,  350  ;  colleges  and  uni- 
versities, 4  ;  newspapers,  3  ;  value  of  college  prop- 
erty, S200,00<J  -,  Anti-Missionary  Baptists  number 
1000  communicants. 

Texas,  Eastern  Baptist  Convention  of,  was 
organized  at  Overton,  Texas,  in  1877.  It  proposes 
to  sustain  missions  in  that  part  of  Texas  chiefly 
lying  between  the  Trinity  and  Sabine  Rivers.  Its 
managers  are  men  of  ability,  influence,  and  piety, 
and  much  good  will  unquestionably  result  from 
their  efforts. 

Texas,  Freedmen's  College  of.— The  Baptists 
of  this  country  are  making  extraordinary  eflbrts  to 
educate  their  white  and  colored  ministers.  No 
community  in  the  United  States  has  done  more  in 
this  department  of  benevolence,  and  within  the  last 
fifty  years  no  other  denomination  has  done  as 
much. 

In  October,  1880,  a  ten-acre  lot  was  purchased  in 
Marshall,  Texas,  at  a  costof  S2500,  and  paid  for  by 
the  colored  Baptists  and  their  friends  living  on 
the  field.  The  lot  is  for  Bishop  Baptist  College. 
It  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  city,  beautifully  orna- 
mented with  shade-trees.  In  the  centre  of  it  stands 
a  two-story  brick  mansion,  40  feet  wide  and  60 
feet  long.  On  the  17tli  of  June,  1881,  ground  was 
broken  for  a  new  building,  to  cost  $10,000,  to  be 


erected  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society.  Tlie  college  will  open  in  the  autumn  for 
the  liigher  education  of  colored  ministers  and 
teachers  in  the  Southwest,  where  more  than  one- 
tenth  of  the  colored  population  of  the  United  States 
resides. 

Texas,  General  Association  of,  was  organized 
in  1867.  It  has  had  the  same  objects  in  view  as 
the  State  Convention,  and  has  sustained  mission- 
aries in  destitute  regions  of  the  State.  It  has  raised 
nearly  §20,000  for  various  objects  since  its  organi- 
zation, and  has  exercised  no  little  influence  over  all 
Northern  Texas.  Its  presidents  have  been  Gen. 
.James  E.  Harrison,  Gen.  Jos.  W.  Speight,  Rev.  A. 
E.  Clemmons,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Rufus  C.  Burleson, 
D.D. 

Texas  Union  Association  was  organized  at 
Travis,  Austin  Co.,  republic  of  Texas,  Oct.  8,  1840. 
It  was  the  first  in  Texas,  composed  of  3  churches 
and  45  communicants.  First  moderator,  T.  W. 
Cox  ;  J.  W.  Collins,  Clerk  ;  R.  E.  B.  Baylor,  Corre- 
sponding Secretary.  It  has  now  51  churches  and 
3142  conununicaiits.  Out  of  it  h.ive  sprung  all  the 
organizations  and  institutions  in  Texas. 

Tharp,  Benjamin  Franklin,  D.D.,  one  of  the 
most  able  and  respected  mioisters  of  Georgia,  and 
a  resident  of  Perry,  Houston  Co.,  was  born  Sept. 
16,  1819,  in  Twiggs  County.  His  grandfather, 
Rev.  V.  A.  Tharp,  from  Virginia,  was  one  of  .Mar- 
ion's men  towards  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  removed  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  War- 
ren County  after  the  Revolutionary  war.  Wm.  A. 
Tharp,  Dr.  B.  F.  Tharp"s  father,  sent  him  to  Mer- 
cer Institute,  in  which  and  in  Mercer  University 
he  remained  six  years,  graduating  in  1841,  and 
then  repairing  to  Newton  Theological  Seminary  to 
prepare  for  the  ministry.  His  father  dying  before 
liis  theological  course  was  completed,  he  returned 
home  and  engaged  in  farming.  Nevertheless  he 
entered  the  ministry  immediately,  and  took  charge 
of  some  of  the  most  important  churches  in  South- 
western Georgia,  including  those  at  Perry,  Ilayne- 
ville,  and  Jeffersonville.  For  at  least  thirty-five 
years  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  ministry, 
having  served  several  churches  more  than  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century.  He  has  risen  to  prominence 
among  the  Baptist  ministers  of  Georgia  both  as  a 
preacher  and  a  scholar,  and  stands  equally  high  in 
the  estimation  of  the  public  and  in  the  afl°ectionB 
of  his  brethren.  In  the  Rehoboth  Association  his 
influence  is  unsurpassed,  and  he  has  taken  the  lead 
in  that  benevolent  body  in  promoting  its  missions  in 
Central  Africa  and  among  the  Indians  of  the  West. 
Always  wealthy,  he  has  been  able  to  preach  much 
to  poor  churches  witliout  compensation.  Among 
the  colored  people  he  has  labored  largely  and  with 
much  success,  and  when,  after  the  war,  the  colored 
members   of   the   white   churches   withdrew    and 


TUARP 


1146 


THOMAS 


formed  churches  of  their  own,  with  pastors  of  their 
own  color,  Dr.  Tliarp  turned  over  to  the  colored 
pastor  of  the  new  colored  Perry  cliurcli  1000  inein- 
liers.  To  these  he  had  fur  years  iireaehed  faith- 
fully, and  ainont;  tlieni  he  had  established  Sunday- 
schools,  which  had  long  been  taught  by  the  younger 
male  and  female  members  of  the  white  church  at 
Perry. 

Since  1S.')1,  Dr.  'I'liarp  has  been  a  trustee  of 
Mercer  University.  During  the  war  he  was  a  vol- 
untary evangelist  in  the  army,  and  for  two  years 
he  was  an  agent,  without  salary,  for  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, and  increased  its  endowment  $20,000.  He 
is  a  strong  preacher,  a  decided  Baptist,  and  a  man 
who,  by  his  intellectual  appearance,  would  attract 
attention  anywhere.  His  piety  is  undoubted,  and 
his  liberality  is  great.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by  Mercer  Univer- 
sity in  1873. 

Tharp,  Rev.  Vincent,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1760,  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  removed 
to  Georgia,  where  he  was  converted  and  joined  the 
Brier  Creek  church,  Warren  County,  by  which  he 
was  licensed  and  ordained  in  1800.  He  served 
several  churches  in  Burlce  County,  afterwards  mov- 
ing to  Twiggs  County.  He  was  pastor  of  Stone 
Creek  church.  His  labors  were  blessed  to  the  sal- 
vation of  many.  For  years  he  was  moderator  of 
the  Ebenezer  Association,  and  was  very  highly  es- 
teemed by  his  brethren.  He  died  in  the  triumphs 
of  faith  in  1825.  Many  of  Ins  descendants  are 
among  the  most  respectable  and  wealthy  citizens 
of  Georgia,  among  whom  may  be  mentioned  Rev. 
Charnick  Tharp,  a  son,  and  Dr.  B.  F.  Tharp,  a 
grandson. 

Thearle,  Rev.  F.  G,,  was  bom  in  London, 
England,  Oct.  24,  1S2S.  Coming  to  this  country 
in  1850,  he  first  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
but  afterwards  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  his  adopted  State, — Wis- 
consin. His  conversion  occurred  in  the  year  1858. 
and  he  was  baptized  at  Darlington,  February  14 
of  that  year.  Becoming  convinced  of  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  the  ministry,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Tafton, 
AVis.,  where  he  was  ordained  in  October,  1859.  In 
April,  1805,  he  removed  to  Decatur,  111.,  having 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place,  and  there  continued  until  forced  by  failure 
of  health  to  resign,  in  1868.  After  about  one  year 
and  a  half  he  was  appointed  district  secretary  of 
the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  for  the 
Northwest,  his  field  including  Northern  Illinois, 
Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  and  Dakota  Ter- 
ritory. This  immense  district  was  cared  for  by 
him  in  the  interest  of  his  society  with  marked 
efficiency  until  his  transfer  to  the  business  depart- 
ment, as  depositary,  of  the  society's  branch  house 


at  Chicago,  March  15,  1879,  which  place  he  still 
holds. 

Thickstun,  Rev.  Thomas  F.,  was  born  in 
Crawford  t'o.,  Pa.,  July  ii,  l.sii4-,  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at 
Kingsville  Academy,  O.  Afterwards  for  a  time 
studied  medicine,  and  attended  a  course  of  lectures 
in  Cleveland,  0.  After  further  consideration  he 
devoted  himself  to  teaching,  and  for  twenty-three 
years  he  pursued  that  profession.  He  taught  in 
Kingsville  Academy  and  the  Geauga  Seminary, 
0.,  Meadviile  Academy,  Pa.,  and  the  Baptist  Insti- 
tution, Hastings,  Minn.  He  was  ordained  in  1801, 
and  in  1805  commenced  his  first  pastorate  at  Wa- 
verly,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  three  years,  build- 
ing a  good  meeting-house  and  placing  the  church 
in  a  vigorous  condition.  In  1808  he  became  pastor 
of  the  newly-organized  church  at  Council  Bluffs. 
A  good  meeting-house  was  built,  and  n  position  of 
strength  and  hope  gained.  He  has  served  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention  as  secretary  two  years, 
one  year  giving  his  entire  time  to  the  work  of  the 
Convention. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Arthur  G.,  was  bom  in  New 
Columbia,  Pa.,  Feb.  23,  1827;  ordained  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry  in  Freeport,  111.,  March  18, 
1858.  He  has  also  served  as  pastor  with  much  ac- 
ceptance in  the  following  places:  Baltimore,  Md. ; 
Mount  Holly,  Camden,  and  .Jacobstown,  N.  J. ;  and 
in  Chester,  Pa.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as 
chaplain  in  the  U.  S.  army  hospitals.  Mr.  Thomas 
is  a  diligent  student.  He  has  traveled  extensively 
in  Europe  and  in  the  East.  As  an  author,  he  has 
contributed  to  the  Sabliath-school  literature  of  the 
present  day  a  valuable  and  interesting  volume  en- 
titled "The  Fields  of  Boaz.'' 

Thomas,  Rev.  Benjamin,  the  father  of  the 
Rev.  B.  D.  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was 
born  near  Meidrym,  Carmarthensiiire,  AVales,  in 
the  year  1792.  Having  been  found  an  acceptable 
preacher  by  the  Baptist  church  in  that  vicinity,  he 
was  induced  to  enter  Ilorton,  now  Rawdon,  Col- 
lege, under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  William  Stead- 
man.  At  the  close  of  his  college  course  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  infant  church  at  Narberth, 
Pembrokeshire,  where  he  ministered  with  fidelity 
and  acceptance  for  a  period  of  forty  years.  At 
the  commencement  of  his  nnnistry  the  English- 
speaking  portion  of  Pembrokeshire  was  in  great 
spiritual  destitutiou.  By  reason  of  his  incessant 
labors,  and  the  active  help  of  others,  the  wil- 
derness was  made  to  bloom  with  a  new  and  spir- 
itual life.  Witnin  the  period  of  his  ministry 
churches  grew  up  and  flourished  in  every  part  of 
that  once  neglected  region.  He  was  for  many 
years  their  apostle  and  quasi-bishop,  while  at  the 
same  time  giving  the  necessary  attention  to  the 
demands   of  one  of  the  largest   churches   in   the 


THOMAS 


1147 


THOMAS 


county  as  pastor.  He  died  July  6,  1862,  but  his 
niiine  and  memory  are  fragrant  in  all  that  region 
of  country  still. 

Thomas,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  late  president  of 
Judson  University,  Ark.,  was  born  in  South  Wales 
in  1823.  When  quite  youn^  he  removed  to  the 
State  of  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  Denison  Uni- 
versity, 0.,  and  ordained  in  1S40.  Besides  teach- 
ing in  Vermilion  College,  he  has  filled  the  following 
pastorates  in  Ohio:  Mansfield,  Monroeville,  First 
church  in  Zanesville,  Brooklield,  and  Newark,  be- 
sides performing  much  evangelistic  labor.  Subse- 
<(uently  he  removed  to  Bloomington,  III.,  and  be- 
came Western  secretary  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  Having  tilled  other  important  positions 
in  Illinois,  he  came  to  Arkansas  in  1804,  and  be- 
came president  of  Judson  University,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  recently.  During  the  war  he 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Federal  army,  and  be- 
came lircvet  colonel. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Benjamin  D.,  was  born  near 
Narberth,  Pembrokeshire,  Wales,  in  January,  1843. 


REV.  B.    D.   TII0M.4S. 

His  father  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Narberth 
for  forty  years.  Spent  four  years  in  Graig  House 
.\cademy,  Swansea,  and  graduated  at  Haverford- 
West.  His  first  and  only  pastorate  in  Wales  was 
at  Neath,  Glamorganshire,  where  he  labored  for 
«ix  years.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  the 
fall  of  1868,  and  soon  afterwards  entered  upon  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  in  Pittston,  Pa.,  where  he 
remained  nearly  three  years.  He  then  accepted  a 
call  to  his  present  field  of  labor,  the  Fifth  church, 


Philadelphia,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  Oct.  1, 
1871.  He  is  a  m.an  of  fine  personal  appearance, 
of  a  modest  and  retiring  disposition,  and  of  unaf- 
fected simplicily  of  manners.  As  a  preacher,  he 
brings  forth  things  new  and  old  from  Bible  treas- 
ures, and  presents  them  to  his  hearers  in  "  thoughts 
that  breathe  and  words  that  burn."  He  has  con- 
tributed occasionally  to  religious  journals,  and  has 
recently  published  a  little  volume  nf  rare  merit  en- 
titled "  Popular  Excuses  <jf  the  Unconverted."  He 
labors  earnestly  to  win  souls  to  the  Saviour,  and 
has  greatly  endeared  himself  to  an  appreciative 
and  devoted  people. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Cyrus,  a  native  of  Sudbury, 
Rutland  Co.,  Vt.,  where  be  was  born  Aug.  l.i, 
1846;  was  converted  and  baptized  when  eighteen 
years  of  age  by  Rev.  C.  A.  Thomas,  D.D.,  of  Bran- 
don, Vt. ;  educated  at  Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  and 
at  Alton  Theological  Seminary,  Alton,  111. ;  or- 
dained at  Upper  Alton,  III.,  in  July,  1869;  has 
been  pastor  of  three  churches, — Bcllville,  111.,  East 
St.  Louis,  and  New  Lisbon,  Wis.,  where  he  has 
been  settled  six  years,  and  where  he  now  resides. 
During  the  late  war  Mr.  Thomas  entered  the  U.  S. 
service  in  the  1st  Vermont  Heavy  Artillery,  in 
which  he  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant.  He 
was  twice  wounded  while  in  battle,  and  he  is  dis- 
abled for  life.  He  was  twice  pmmoted  for  gallant 
conduct.  His  ministerial  record  is  excellent,  and 
he  is  highly  esteemed  for  his  work's  sake. 

Thomas,  Danford,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Win- 
throp,  Me.,  Sept.  20,  ISI".  After  taking  a  pre- 
paratory course  at  Kent's  Hill  and  Waterville,  Me., 
he  entered  Colby  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1838.  The  next  year  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
Colby  College.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Ancient  Languages  and  Literature  in  George- 
town College,  Ky.,  a  position  he  has  now  occupied 
forty  years.  He  united  with  a  Baptist  church 
in  his  native  State  in  his  fourteenth  year,  and  has 
been  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  benevolent  enter- 
prises of  bis  denomination.  He  takes  special  in- 
terest in  literary  and  theological  education,  and 
has  for  some  time  been  president  of  the  Baptist 
Sunday-School  Board  in  Kentucky. 

Thomas,  Rev.  David,  A.M.,  of  whom  Dr.  U.  B. 

Seni|ilc'  says,  "  fhero  wore  few  such  men  in  the 
w^orld  in  his  day,"  was  born  at  London  Tract,  Pa., 
Aug.  16, 1732.  He  was  educated  at  Hopewell,  N.  J., 
under  the  famous  Isaac  P^aton,  and  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Rhode  Island  College  (now- 
Brown  University).  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry at  about  the  age  of  eighteen  years.  In  1751 
he  went  with  John  Gano  and  -James  Miller  as  a  mis- 
sionary from  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association 
to  Virginia.  During  a  preaching  tour  in  Fauquier 
County  he  formed  the  Broad  Run  church,  and  be- 
came its  pastor  about  1762.    Immense  crowds  were 


THOMAS 


1148 


THOMAS 


attracted  by  his  ministry,  and  people  traveled  from 
fifty  to  a  hundred  miles  to  hear  him.  In  1763  he 
went  to  C'ulpeper  County  to  preach,  but  the  mob 
anticipated  and  prevented  him.  He,  however,  en- 
tered Orange  County,  and  was  more  successful. 
This  was  the  first  time  any  Baptists  had  preached 
in  that  part  of  Virginia,  and  he  met  with  much 
rude  treatment,  at  one  time  being  dragged  from 
the  pulpit  and  treated  in  a  brutal  manner.  In 
spite  of  opposition  he  continued  his  labors  with  un- 
abated zeal,  until  many  churches  were  formed  in 
Northern  Virginia.  During  the  Revolutionary  war 
he  gave  his  influence  and  the  power  of  his  great 
eloquence  to  the  cause  of  the  colonies.  A  poem 
of  his,  denouncing  the  union  between  the  Episco- 
pal church  and  the  state  in  Virginia,  had  much  to 
do  with  the  destruction  of  that  unholy  relation. 
Thomas  Jefferson  held  him  in  high  esteem,  and 
Patrick  Henry  cherished  a  warm  regard  for  him. 
In  1788  he  removed  to  Berkeley  County,  and  took 
charge  of  Mill  Creek  church,  to  which  he  min- 
istered about  eight  years.  In  1796  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  and  was  settled  over  Washington  church 
in  Mason  County.  After  a  short  time  he  located  in 
Jessamine  County,  and  united  with  East  Hickman 
church.     He  <lied  about  1801. 

Thomas,  Rev.  D.  B.,  an  efficient  Louisiana 
minister,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1SU4;  ordained 
in  1850,  and  was  some  time  a  missionary  of  Ouach- 
ita Association,  La.  ;  died  Jan.  22,  1872. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Evan  J.,  was  born  in  South 
Wales,  March  16,  1821.  He  came  with  his  parents 
to  the  United  States  in  1832,  landing  in  Philadel- 
phia. At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  experienced  con- 
version, and  was  baptized  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  by 
Rev.  Peter  Lloyd,  pastor  of  the  Welsh  Baptist 
church  in  that  city.  In  1846  he  was  ordained  as  a 
Baptist  minister  in  Miami  Co.,  0.  His  pastorates 
since  have  been  in  that  State  and  in  Indiana,  Mich- 
igan, and  Illinois  ;  at  Atlanta,  in  the  lust-named 
State,  he  is  now  living.  His  name  has  stood  upon 
the  lists  of  the  Illinois  Baptist  ministry  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  and  he  retains  undiminished  the  love 
and  confidence  of  his  brethren.  Four  of  Mr. 
Thomas's  brothers  have  been,  or  are.  Baptist  min- 
isters,— John  E.  Thomas,  David  E.  Thomas,  Daniel 
Thomas,  and  Benjamin  Thomas,  D.D.  The  last 
named  is  still  in  the  work,  the  others  have  finished 
their  course  and  gone  to  their  reward.  All  five 
of  these  brothers  have  been  successful  in  their  min- 
istry to  a  marked  degree,  having  baptized  thou- 
sands of  converts,  of  whom  many  are  now  in  the 
ministry.  A  son  of  Mr.  Thomas,  Rev.  J.  B. 
Thomas,  graduated  at  the  seminary  in  Chicago  in 
the  class  of  1880,  and  is  now  pastor  at  Dubuque, 
Iowa. 

Thomas,  John,  M.D.,  was  born  at  Fairford,  in 
England,  May   16,   1757.     He   first  practised  his 


profession  in  London,  but  subsequently  became 
physician  to  an  East-Indianian.  He  was  converteil 
through  a  sermon  proa(^hi'd  by  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Samuel  Stennett,  from  .John  vi.  27.  In  1783,  when 
he  reached  India  by  the  "  Oxford,"  he  was  very 
desirous  of  meeting  with  serious  Christians,  Euro- 
peans, of  course,  but  he  could  find  none.  In  1785 
he  was  baptizeil  in  London  l>y  the  venerable  Abra- 
ham Booth,  and  he  began  to  preach  in  different 
places  soon  after.  The  next  year  when  he  reached 
India  he  established  a  prayer-meoting  and  some- 
times preached.  From  1787  to  1792  Dr.  Thomas 
remained  in  India,  and  labored  earnestly  to  lead  its 
perishing  people  to  Jesus,  with  the  awakening  of 
a  few  Hindoos. 

Dr.  Thomas  came  again  to  England  to  take  his 
family  to  India,  that  he  might  devote  himself 
wholly  to  mission  work.  To  his  joyful  surprise 
he  learned  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  just 
formed,  and  of  the  intention  of  William  Carey  to 
labor  among  the  heathen.  They  both  went  to  India. 
Dr.  Thomas  preached  with  some  success,  and  then 
for  a  time  became  insane.  He  died  of  brain  fever 
in  Calcutta  in  September,  1800. 

He  was  imprudent,  but  full  of  zeal  for  souls,  and 
full  of  faith  in  the  triumph  of  truth. 

Thomas,  Rev.  J.  A.  W.,  is  an  exception  to  the 
general  nilu  that  "a  pruphet  is  not  without  honor 
save  in  his  own  country."  He  has  spent  his  life 
in  Marlborough  Co.,  S.  C.  He  was  born  Dec.  31, 
1822,  baptized  in  his  fifteenth  year,  licensed  to 
preach  in  1848,  and  ordained  in  1849.  lie  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Bennettsville  church  from  that 
time  to  the  present. 

Ho  was  in  the  war  three  years  and  a  half  as  a 
captain.  He,  however,  preached  almost  as  regu- 
larly as  at  home,,  and  baptized  seventy  soldiers. 
Since  his  ordination  he  has  baptized  about  1000 
persons,  and  preached  oOOO  times. 

Thomas,  Jesse  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Edwards- 
villc.  111.,  July  29,  1832.  He  is  the  son  of  the  late 
Hon.  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Illinois.  He  was  graduated  at  Kenyon  College, 
0.,  in  1850,  and  commenced  preparation  for  the 
profession  of  the  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Illinois  in  1855.  In  1S52  entered  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  to  prepare  for  the  ministry, 
but  ill  health  obliged  him  to  leave  after  a  short 
period.  For  a  time  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Chicago.  In  1862  he  gave  himself 
wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  AVaukegan,  III.  In 
1864  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Pierpnnt  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  subsequently  set- 
tled as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  of  the  Michigan  Avenue  Baptist 
church,  Chicago,  and  in  1874  he  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Brooklyn.     After  the  First 


THOMAS 


1149 


THOMAS 


church  edifice  was  burned  its  meiiil)ers  lield  united 
services  with  the  Pierpont  Street  cliurcli,  wliicii  re- 
sulted in  the  union  of  the  two  churches  and  the 
erection  of  the  fine  edifice  which  they  now  occupy. 
Dr.  Thomas  is  by  nature  an  orator.  His  voice, 
his  manner,  his  wit,  and  his  earnestness  captivate 


V-N 


JESSE    B.  THOMAS,  D.D. 


and  arouse  his  audiences  to  an  unwonted  degree. 
He  is  also  a  scholar  in  the  broadest  sense.  His 
lectures  on  the  theories  of  modern  skeptics  have 
been  pronounced  as  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  those 
of  Dr.  Joseph  Parker,  by  their  accuracy  of  state- 
ment, faultless  rhetoric,  and  resistless  logic.  They 
have  been  received  by  learned  assemblies  with  de- 
light. As  a  lecturer,  he  uses  brief  notes,  simply 
indicating  the  lines  of  thought.  As  a  preacher, 
he  employs  none,  yet  his  ideas  are  always  clothed 
in  appropriate  expressions,  and  the  repetition 
and  redundancy  of  ordinary  extemporaneous  speak- 
ers never  mar  his  discourses.  He  is  genial  and 
unassuming,  with  great  powers  of  persuasion 
and  a  strong  intellect.  He  never  discusses  the 
minor  difi'erences,  but  seeks  by  all  means  to  bring 
men  to  Christ,  and  to  strengthen  the  faith  of  the 
church  in  its  divine  Teacher.  He  is  sometimes 
borne  away  by  the  strength  of  his  emotions,  and 
indulges  in  impassioned  picturings  of  the  realm  of 
thought  he  is  exploring.  His  audiences  seem  to 
be  witnessing  a  drama  where  the  towers  and  giants 
of  error  and  doubt  are  falling  on  every  side.  If 
his  life  is  spared,  for  which  we  devoutly  pray,  he 
■will  be  the  most  influential  minister  in  America, 
with  a  reputation  as  wide  as  Anglo-Saxondom. 


Thomas,  Rev.  J.  D.,  was  born  in  Lower  Prov- 
idence, Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  22,  1836. 
During  student-life  in  the  university  at  Lewisburg 
he  made  a  profession  of  faith,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  Church.  Subsequently  he  entered  the 
ministry,  and  settled  as  a  missionary  pastor  over 
several  feeble  churches  in  Huntingdon  Co.,  Pa. 
For  the  space  of  eleven  years  he  faced  the  winter's 
storm  and  endured  tlie  summer's  heat,  and  faith- 
fully performed  a  noble  work  on  a  Held  which  few 
are  found  to  covet.  But  forbidding  as  was  the  toil 
of  travel  and  the  care  of  three  feeble  churches,  he 
joyfully  accepted  bis  allotted  work,  and  continued 
in  it  until,  in  November,  1878,  he  was  suddenly 
called  to  his  final  rest. 

Thomas,  Robert  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Scott 
Co.,  Ky.,  June  20,  1805.  He  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  and  baptized  by  Jeremiah  Varde- 
man,  in  Paris,  Ky.  He  was  ordained,  in  1830,  in 
Columbia,  Mo.,  and  was  pastor  there  for  years. 
He  labored  as  an  evangelist ;  introduced  Sabbath- 
schools  into  Missouri.  In  1835  he  aided  in  organ- 
izing the  General  Association,  and  was  an  honored 
member  of  it  for  twenty-five  years.  His  wisdom, 
ability,  scholarship,  and  successful  labors  gave 
him  a  high  place  in  the  denomination  in  Missouri. 
He  was  Professor  of  Languages  and  Moral  Science 
]  in  the  vState  University.  In  1853,  president  of 
William  Jewell  College.  His  last  days  were  spent 
in  organizing  a  church  in  Kansas  City,  and  in  la- 
boring successfully  as  its  pastor  until  his  death, 
June  12,  1859.  In  all  relations  he  was  a  model 
man.  His  monument  is  of  a  spiritual  character, 
and  it  will  last  forever. 

Thomas,  Rev.  Smith,  a  popular  and  eloquent 
pastor  and  evangelist,  was  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  4,  1810.  He  united  with  Hardin's 
Creek  Baptist  church,  near  his  birthplace,  in  his 
seventeenth  year,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
the  age  of  twenty -two,  and  soon  afterwards  or- 
dained. He  was  several  years  pastor  of  Cox's 
Creek  and  other  churches  in  Nelson  and  Shelby 
Counties.  Upon  the  death  of  his  wife,  in  1854,  he 
gave  himself  almost  wholly  to  the  work  of  an  evan- 
gelist in  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  During  his  min- 
istry he  baptized  about  1300  persons,  chiefly  into 
the  churches  of  which  he  was  pastor,  and  about 
2000  others  were  brought  into  the  churches  under 
his  labors,  and  baptized  by  pastors,  while  he  was 
acting  as  an  evangelist.  Of  those  who  were  con- 
verted under  his  ministry,  thirty-four  became 
preachers  of  the  gospel.  He  made  his  home  in 
Louisville  during  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  and 
was  about  twelve  years  moderator  of  Long  Hun 
Association.     He  died  March  27,  1869. 

Thomas,  Thomas  £,,  Benjamin  H.,  Sr.,  Ben- 
jamin H.,  Jr. — This  group  embraces  father,  son, 
and  grandson,  the    latter  now  preparing   for   the 


THOMAS 


1150 


THOMPSON 


ministry.  The  father  was  liorn  in  AVales,  and  pos- 
sessed more  than  tlie  usual  amount  of  Welsh  fire, 
and  was  on  this  account  deservedly  popular  wher- 
ever he  labored,  lie  died  in  November.  1854,  aped 
seventy-six.  The  son  inherits  his  excellent  traits, 
with  the  added  advantage  of  culture,  and  both 
father  and  son  have  for  a  long  succession  of  years 
filled  the  pulpit  of  Zion  church,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 
To  the  son  we  are  indebted  for  the  founding  of  the 
Reid  Institute  in  Reidsburj;,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

Thomas,  William  H.,  D.D.,  w.is  bom  June  6, 
1800.  in  Franklin.  Ky.  H'-  was  converted  in  1822. 
Spent  seven  sessions  at  school,  under  the  tuition 
of  Spencer  Clark,  at  Bloonifield.  He  was  ordained 
in  1832.  lie  has  preached  ever  since,  and  is  now 
advanced  in  years.  Many  have  made  a  profession 
of  faith  under  his  preaching,  and  have  been  bap- 
tized by  him.  His  talents  were  more  th.in  or- 
dinary ;  his  writings  on  various  subjects  are  clear 
and  schoLavlv.  He  is  honored  and  loved  by  the 
people  to  whom  he  ministers. 

Thompson,  Rev.  A.  D.,  was  converted  in  Char- 
lotte Co.,  New  Brunswick,  where,  in  1831,  he  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ainslie;  was  or- 
dained, in  18.34,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Andrew's,  New  Brunswick,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  relation  until  a  short  time  before  his 
death,  in  1874.  Possessed  of  a  deeply  earnest  spirit, 
and  gifted  with  a  ready  and  powerful  eloquence, 
Mr.  Thomp.son"s  ministry  was  very  useful  in  these 
provinces,  particuliirly  in  New  Brunswick. 

Thompson,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Am  well, 
N.  J.,  April  14,  174s.  Having  completed  his  pre- 
paratory studies,  he  repaired  to  Warren,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  first  class  that  entered  Rhode 
Island  College  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Man- 
ning, and  graduated  in  1709  with  the  highest 
honors  in  a  class  of  seven.  These  seven  students 
"were."  in  the  words  of  Dr.  Guild,  "young  men 
of  unusu.al  promise.  Some  of  tliem  were  destined 
to  fill  conspicuous  places  in  the  approaching  strug- 
gle for  independence ;  others  were  to  be  leaders  in 
the  church  and  distinguished  educators  of  youth. 
Probably  no  cl.iss  that  has  gone  forth  from  the 
university,  in  her  palmiest  days  of  prosperity,  has 
exerted  so  widely  extended  and  beneficial  an  influ- 
ence, the  times  and  circumstances  taken  into  con- 
sideration, as  this  first  class  that  graduated  at 
Warren." 

President  Manning's  removal  to  Providence  with 
the  college  dissolved  his  connection  with  the  church 
in  Warren,  and  Mr.  Thompson  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor. For  three  years  he  acted  as  chaplain  in  the 
American  army  during  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
As  will  be  seen  in  the  historical  sketch  of  the  War- 
ren church,  his  home  and  the  meeting-house  of  the 
church  were  burned  by  the  British  and  Hessian 
troops.     At  the  time  be  was  there  with  his  family. 


He  was  made  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  taken  to  New- 
port, where  he  was  placeil  in  confinoment  on  board 
a  guard-ship,  where  he  remained  a  month,  and  was 
then  released.  He  subsequently  became  the  p.tstor 
of  the  church  in  Swanzey,  where  he  had  a  success- 
ful ministry  of  twenty-three  years.  From  Swanzey 
he  was  called  to  the  Baptist  church  in  Charlton. 
Mass.  Although  he  .iccepted  the  call,  he  never 
entered  upon  the  performance  of  his  duties  there. 
He  fell  a  victim  to  the  dreaded  disease  which  car- 
ries oCTso  many  in  New  England, — consumption, — 
and  died  the  4th  of  .May.  1803. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  an  honor  to  his  profession, 
courteous  and  dignified  in  his  manner,  a  true 
Christian  gentleman,  a  ripe  scholar,  and  a  most 
diligent  worker  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  and  a 
teacher  of  young  men  who  were  placed  under  his 
tuition.  His  memory  is  still  revered  in  the  section 
where  he  passed  so  many  years  of  a  useful  life. 

Thompson,  Rev.  Ivy  F.,  an  earnest,  eloquent, 
and  effectual  preacher  in  Eastern  Louisiana,  was 
born  in  Mississippi  in  1X20:  distinguished  himself 
as  a  lawyer;  laljored  ten  years  in  the  ministry  at 
Grcensliurg,  La. ;  four  years  moderator  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  Association.     He  died  in  1860. 

Thompson,  William,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Edin- 
burgh, .Scotland,  Sept.  10.  1821.  Came  to  America 
with  his  parents  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  settled 
near  Washington,  D.  C.  He  attended  school  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Capitol  for  several  years,  and  at 
twenty-one  returned  to  Scotland  and  entered  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  devoted  him- 
self with  great  energy  to  his  studies,  usually  spend- 
ing half  and  often  the  entire  night  with  his  books. 

He  graduated  with  distinction,  and  returned  to 
America  and  studied  law.  He  removed  to  Illinois 
and  l>egan  a  lucrative  pr.nctice,  and  about  this  time 
became  deeply  interested  in  the  subject  of  religion, 
and  was  hopefully  converted  to  God. 

He  felt  it  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  but 
stifled  his  convictions  until  meeting  with  a  very 
dangerous  accident.  Upon  his  recovery  he  deter- 
mined to  enter  the  ministry.  He  preached  for 
some  time  in  Illinois  with  varying  success,  and 
came  to  Missouri  about  the  year  185.5.  and  settled 
in  the  central  part  of  the  State,  where  he  preached 
with  remarkable  power,  and  baptized  hundreds. 

His  matchless  eloquence  and  scholarly  attain- 
ments soon  attracted  the  attention  of  the  denom- 
ination. 

In  1856  he  was  elected  president  of  Mount  Pleas- 
ant College  at  Iluntsville,  Mo.,  his  name  and  rep- 
utation attracting  a  large  number  of  students.  In 
1.S57  the  trustees  of  AVilliam  Jewell  College  called 
him  to  its  presidency.  The  institution  immediately 
took  on  a  new  life,  and  made  rapid  advancement  in 
all  the  elements  of  success  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  civil  war.  which  caused  the  closing  of  the 


THOnP 


1151 


THRESHEJi 


college.  He  went  to  SiJnej',  Iowa,  where  he  had 
just  opened  a  school  with  flattering  prospects  when 
through  disease,  aggravated  by  ills  which  his  sen- 
sitive nature  could  not  bear,  he  sank  to  rest  April 
12,  1865,  to  rise  in  that  coming  day  with  a  glory 
all  the  more  resplendent  for  the  trials  and  sufferings 
endured  here. 

He  was  eminently  successful  as  an  educator. 
His  learning,  geniality,  and  kindness  gave  him 
great  influence  with  the  students. 

The  rich,  mellow  tones  of  his  voice,  his  m:vsterly 
command  of  language,  his  perfect  elocution,  his 
gracefulness  of  manner,  the  imagery  with  which 
liis  imagination  clothed  every  thought,  his  impas- 
sioned earnestness,  and  deep  spirituality  made  him 
the  most  attractive  and  popular  preacher  in  the 
Southwest.  He  died  "honored  for  his  greatness 
and  loved  for  his  goodness." 

Thorp,  Elder  William,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1772.  He  removed  to  Kentucky  in  early  manhood 
with  an  uncle,  Thos.  Thorp.  He  was  converted 
when  twenty  years  of  age.  He  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1809,  and  settled  in  Boons  Lick  country.  He 
organized  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Central  Mis- 
souri, Mount  Pleasant,  and  traveled  over  much  of 
the  State.  He  was  a  man  of  good  talents.  He 
aided  in  organizing  the  Mount  Pleasant  Associa- 
tion, the  first  in  Upper  Missouri.  lie  died  in  1853, 
eighty-one  years  of  age. 

Thresher,  Ebenezer,  LL.D.,  was  Iwrn  in  Staf- 
ford, Conn.,  Aug.  31,  1798.  When  eighteen  years 
old  he  began  to  seek  an  education.  At  this  time 
also,  through  the  prayers  of  his  niotlier  and  others, 
he  was  led  to  Christ.  In  the  spring  of  1818  he  went 
to  New  Haven,  where,  while  employed  in  a  store,  he 
was  afforded  more  time  for  the  improvement  of  his 
mind.  Finding  a  small  Baptist  church  at  New- 
Haven,  he  cast  in  his  lot  with  it,  and  labored 
earnestly  and  successfully  to  secure  its  growth. 

In  1820,  having  accumulated  a  few  hundred  dol- 
lars, he  gave  up  business  and  entered  upon  a  course 
of  study.  Goingon  foot  from  New  Haven  to  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  he  entered  the  family  of  Dr.  Jonathan 
Uoing,  and  under  the  instruction  of  that  nobleman 
began  his  life-work.  From  Dr.  Going's  he  went  to 
the  school  of  llev.  Abiel  Fisher,  at  Bellingham, 
Mass.,  and  subsequently  to  Amherst  Acidemy, 
where  he  prepared  for  college.  The  first  three 
years  of  college-life  were  spent  in  Cohimbian  Col- 
lege, Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  last  in  Brown 
University,  where  he  graduated  in  1827,  a  member 
of  the  first  class  under  Dr.  Wayland. 

During  his  college  course  Dr.  Thresher  was 
unceasingly  active  in  Christian  work.  One  vaca- 
tion was  spent  with  Baron  Stow  traveling  on 
horseback  among  the  churches  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia. In  Providence  he  was  superintendent  of 
the  first  Baptist  Sunday-school,  and  during  a  year 


of  post-graduate  study  taught  a  Bible  class  of  mar- 
ried women.  In  1828  he  accepted  a  call  to  become 
the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Portland.  Me., 
where,  on  December  8  of  the  same  year,  he  was  or- 


EBENEZER    THRESHER,  LL.D. 

dained.  This  charge  he  resigned  in  1830  on  ac- 
count of  sickness  in  his  family  and  failure  of  voice. 
Fearing  again  to  take  a  pastorate,  he  accepted  the 
secretaryship  of  the  Northern  Baptist  Education 
Society,  which  position  he  retained  until  184.T  with 
much  ability  and  success.  While  engaged  in  this 
work  he  associated  with  it  other  means  of  useful- 
ness. He  raised  ?2(l.0O0  for  founding  two  tem- 
porary professorships  for  Newton  Theological 
Seminary,  and  sulisequenfly,  in  1843.  became  the 
treasurer  of  that  institution.  In  1834  he  became 
editor  of  TIte  WaUhmun,  though  his  name  did  not 
appear  in  connection  with  the  paper  until  1836, 
when  he  purchased  the  proprietorship  from  Wil- 
liam Nichols,  and  held  this  three  or  four  years. 

In  1845,  his  health  having  become  seriously  im- 
paired. Dr.  Thresher  removed  to  Dayton,  0..  where 
he  engaged  in  business.  In  1850,  in  company  with 
E.E.  Barney,  he  established  the  Dayton  Car-Works, 
now  the  Largest  enterprise  of  the  kind  in  the  country. 
In  1858  he  began  the  business  of  manufacturing 
varnish  in  Dayton,  and  this  also  proved  a  great 
success.  In  1873  he  retired  from  business,  and 
since  that  time  has  been  enjoying  the  leisure  to 
which  his  years  entitle  him. 

Dr.  Thresher  has  been  of  great  service  to  the 
Ohio  Baptists.  The  college  at  Granville,  the  State 
ConTention,  and  the  Educational  Society  have  all 


THURMAN 


1152 


TICHENOR 


shared  in  liis  Ijounty.  lie  lias  contributed  many 
articles  to  the  denominational  press,  and  is  pro- 
foundly interested  in  and  generous  towards  Baptist 
enterprises  at  home  and  abroad,  lie  is  one  of 
the  most  valued  members  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Dayton,  and  his  counsel  is  everywhere 
sought  throughout  the  State.  The  honorary  de- 
firee  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Denison 
University. 

Thurmaa,  Rev.  David,  a  distinguislied  min- 
ister and  an  able  theologian,  was  born  of  Baptist 
parents,  in  Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  12,  1792.  In 
his  nineteenth  year  he  united  with  Good  Hope 
Baptist  church,  in  Green  County,  and  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  in  1814.  He  spent  some  time 
in  the  study  of  theology  under  Rev.  Xathan  Hall. 
In  1818  he  settled  in  La  Rue  Co.,  Ky.,  and  joined 
Nolin  church.  He  became  pastor  of  this  and  several 
other  churches  in  Salem  Association.  In  this  field 
he  labored  sixteen  years  with  unfliigging  zeal  and 
energy,  and  eminent  moral  and  intellectual  power. 
Besides  his  almost  irresistible  appeals  to  the  un- 
converted, he  earnestly  urged  on  the  churches  the 
claims  of  higher  education,  and  home  and  foreign 
missions.  The  whole  Association  was  greatly 
enlarged  by  his  too  brief  ministry.  He  died  of 
typhoid  fever,  Aujr.  25,  1S34. 

Thurman,  Rev.  Robert  Livingston,  son,  of 
Rev.  David  Thurman,  was  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  19,  1815.  He  united  with  Nolin 
church,  being  baptized  by  his  father  in  1828.  He 
entered  Georgetown  College  in  1839,  and  graduated 
in  1842.  In  1843  lie  was  ordained  pastor  of 
Severn's  Valley  Baptist  church  in  Elizabethtown, 
Ky.,  where  he  preached  seven  years,  and  about 
half  of  that  period  conducted  the  Elizabethtown 
Female  Seminary.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  col- 
lecting agent  for  Indian  missions,  and  the  same 
year  became  co-editor  of  The  Baptist  Banner.  In 
1851  he  was  appointed  financial  agent  for  George- 
town College,  and  in  1853  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Austin,  Texas.  He 
succeeded  in  collecting  money,  with  which  a  good 
house  of  worship  was  built  for  this  church.  In 
1855  he  accepted  an  agency  for  the  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
in  Kentucky,  and  has  continued  in  this  work  to  the 
present  time,  except  during  the  late  civil  war,  when 
he  was  agent  for  the  General  Association  oS^  Bap- 
tists in  Kentucky.  He  has  proved  himself  a  supe- 
rior agent,  and  has  been  of  immense  service  to  the 
cause  of  missions.    His  home  is  at  Bardstown,  Ky. 

Thurston,  Rev.  Gardiner,  was  Ijorn  in  New- 
port, R.  I.,  Nov.  14,  1721.  lie  made  a  profession 
of  faith  in  Christ  when  he  was  not  quite  twenty 
years  of  age,  and  soon  exhibited  such  gifts  as  a 
speaker  that,  in  due  time,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  church,  and  acted  as  assistant  to  his  pastor. 


Rev.  Nicholas  Eyres.  The  death  of  Mr.  Eyres  in 
1759  led  to  his  being  invited  to  become  his  suc- 
cessor in  the  pastoral  office.  This  position  he  held, 
to  the  great  acceptance  of  his  church,  until  about 
three  years  before  his  death,  which  occurred  May 
23,  1802. 

Mr.  Thurston  was  regarded  as  among  the  ablest 
ministers  of  his  denomination  in  the  times  in  which 
he  lived,  llis  colleague,  Rev.  Joshua  Bradley,  says 
of  him  that  "he  enjoyed  a  much  more  than  com- 
mon degi-ee  of  popularity  as  a  preacher ;  he  had  a 
great  thirst  for  knowledge,  and  never  lost  any  op- 
portunity for  acquiring  it :  every  one  regarded  him 
as  a  fine  example  of  a  tried  Christian  character." 
To  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Bradley  may  be  added 
that  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Pitman,  who  says  that  the 
manners  of  Mr.  Thurston  "were  in  a  very  high 
degree  amiable  and  winning.  He  mingled  with 
great  ease  and  familiarity  in  the  social  circle,  and 
had  the  faculty  of  making  all  ai'ound  him  feel  per- 
fectly at  home.  He  was  undoubtedly  a  man  of 
much  more  than  ordinary  powers  of  mind.  I  think 
few  men  were  his  superiors  in  what  is  usually  called 
common  sense.  There  was  no  tendency  in  his  mind 
to  extremes,  nothing  of  what  at  this  day  is  called 
ultraisjii.  Hence  he  had  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  whole  ooiiuniiiiity." 

Tichenor,  Isaac  Taylor,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Spencer  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  11,  1825.  Feeble  health 
while  growing  up  interfered  to  some  extent  with 
his  education.  He  was  baptized  in  18.38  by  Rev. 
Wm.  Vaughan,  of  Bloomfield.  Entered  the  min- 
istry at  Taylorsville  in  184G.  Shortly  after  that 
he  became  pastor  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  in  January. 
1849.  Returning  to  Kentucky  in  1850,  in  1851 
he  was  pastor  at  Henderson  in  that  State.  He 
accepted  the  call  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  in  1852,  where  he  labored  until 
October,  1860,  when  failing  health  caused  his  resig- 
nation. He  entered  the  Confederate  army  as 
chaplain  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  between  the 
States,  in  which  service  he  continued  until  called 
back  to  his  old  Montgomery  charge,  in  January, 
1863.  Became  pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.,  in  1871.  Accepted  the  presidency  of 
the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Ala- 
bama at  Auburn  in  1872,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds. 

Dr.  Tichenor  possesses  a  striking  combination 
of  the  higher  traits  of  intellectual  power.  Gov. 
Watts,  his  intimate  friend,  once  expressed  the  opin- 
ion that  he  was  endowed  with  the  best  intellect 
with  which  he  ever  came  in  contact.  He  is  thor- 
oughly acquainted  with  theology,  history,  and 
science,  and  is  a  clear  and  independent  thinker,  a 
gifted  writer,  a  most  eloquent  and  powerful 
preacher,  and  as  nearly  the  perfection  of  a  plat- 
form speaker  as  one  will  meet  in   this  country. 


TICKNOR 


1153 


TIMMONS 


These  qualities  have  given  him  a  national  reputa- 
tion. He  is  a  fascinating  companion,  having  in 
social  life  the  pleasant  quality  of  Christian  sim- 
plicity. 

Ticknor,  William  D.,  founder  of  the  well- 
known  Boston  publishing  house  of  Ticknor  & 
Fields,  was  born  in  Lebanon,  N.  II.,  in  the  year 
1810.     When  but  a  lad  he  came  to  Boston  and 


WILLIAM    D.  TICKNOR. 

began  business  life  in  his  uncle's  brokerage  office, 
being  subsequently  engaged  in  the  Columbian  Bank. 
But  his  predisposition  was  for  occupation  of  a  higher 
caste,  and  he  soon  entered  upon  the  business  which 
he  so  greatly  developed,  and  which  he  followed  as 
long  as  he  lived.  His  love  of  books,  his  genial 
manners,  his  excellent  judgment,  and  his  perfect 
integrity  brought  him  into  nearer  than  merely  mer- 
cantile relations  with  many  of  the  great  American 
and  English  authors  whose  works  were  published 
by  his  house,  and  his  connection  with  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne  was  especially  intimate  and  tender. 
From  his  youth  he  was  a  member  of  the  Federal 
Street  (now  Clarendon  Street)  Baptist  church.  He 
was  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school  for  nine- 
teen years,  and  he  rendered  the  society  such  emi- 
nent services  as  treasurer  during  a  long  and  crit- 
ical period,  that  in  1854  a  service  of  silver  plate 
was  presented  to  him  in  recognition.  His  official 
position  and  liis  personal  chariicter  bound  him  in 
close  association  with  the  various  pastors  of  the 
church  during  his  time,  and  he  was  a  particular 
personal  friend  of  Howard  Malcom,  William 
Hague,  and  Baron  Stow.     He  was  also  for  many 


years  treasurer  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Con- 
vention, holding  that  office  at  the  time  of  his  sudden 
death,  which  took  place  at  the  Continental  Hotel, 
in  Philadelphia,  April  10,  1804. 

TiUinghast,  Rev,  John,  son  of  Deacon  Pardon 
and  Mary  (Sweet)  Tillingliast,  was  born  in  West 
Greenwich,  R.  I.,  Oct.  3,  1812;  a  descendant  of 
Rev.  Panlon  TiUinghast,  an  early  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Providence ;  was  converted  at 
the  ageof  fourteen  ;  was  studious  and  industrious; 
began  preaching  soon  after  he  was  twenty-one ; 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  West  Greenwich  Baptist 
church  Oct.  8,  1840,  and  remained  such  till  his 
death ;  an  energetic,  practical,  powerful  preacher 
in  Western  Rhode  Island  ;  honored  by  Dr.  Wayland 
and  all  ministers  ;  represented  his  town  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  1S54  and  1855;  after  preaching 
to  his  church  more  than  forty  years  he  died  in  the 
ministry,  March  28,  1878,  aged  sixty-six  ;  one  of 
the  best  of  men.  His  son,  Hon.  Pardon  E.  Til- 
linghast,  resides  at  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

Tilly,  Rev.  James,  was  a  native  of  Salisbury, 
in  England,  but  was  called  and  ordained  by  the 
church  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  We  next  find  him 
laboring  acceptably  and  successfully  in  the  vicinity 
where  Euham  church  was  afterwards  organized,  in 
Beaufort  District.  He  afterwards  settled  on  "  Ed- 
isto  Island,  where  he  resided  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  happened  April  14,  1744,  in  the  forty- 
sixth  year  of  his  age."  Rev.  Isaac  Chanler  said 
of  him  in  his  funeral  sermon,  "As  a  minister,  he 
was  able  and  faithful  to  deliver  unto  you  the  whole 
counsel  of  God."  Many  whose  names  have  partly 
or  wholly  perished  from  the  earth  have  a  glorious 
and  eternal  "  record  on  high." 

TimmODS,  Rev.  E.  B. — Florida  has  drawn  more 
largely  upon  South  Carolina  than  any  State  for  her 
population  and  ministry  in  past  years,  and  one  of 
the  working  and  useful  ministers  furnished  the 
Baptists  of  Florida  by  that  State  is  Elijah  Benton 
Timnions,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Tiramons,  a  worthy 
minister  of  South  Carolina.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  was  born  in  Marion  District,  May  21,  1813. 
From  early  childhood  he  was  the  subject  of  reli- 
gious impressions,  but  was  not  baptized  until  1832. 
Elder  J.  M.  Timnions,  a  cousin,  immersed  him  at 
Elim  church,  in  Darlington  District. 

Removing  to  Florida,  he  arrived  at  or  near  his 
present  location  Dec.  26,  lS5fi,  since  which  time  he 
has  labored  aliuost  without  cessation  as  a  minister, 
his  work  being  mostly  in  Putnam  and  Clay  Coun- 
ties, and  mainly  by  his  efforts  have  the  churches  in 
that  section  been  raised  up.  Blessed  with  a  com- 
petency, he  was  able  to  labor  without  compensation. 
He  has  baptized  some  1400  persons,  and  thinks  at 
least  1000  of  them  have  been  in  Florida. 

He  is  a  decided  Baptist,  a  man  of  catholic  spirit, 
sound   in   doctrine,   but  of  a  conservative  mind. 


TIPTON 


1154 


TOLERATION 


He  preaches  with  a  pathos  that  gives  a  minister 
influence  with  Southern  people,  whose  feelinjis  are 
ardent.  Elder  Timmons  is  at  this  time  the  mod- 
erator of  tlie  Nortli  St.  Jolin's  River  Association, 
and  has  been  elected  moderator  several  times  of 
the  Santa  Yk  River  Association,  and  was  during 
one  or  two  sessions  president  of  the  State  Conven- 
tion, lie  is  a  thorough  niissionarj',  a  devoted 
friend  of  Sunday-schools,  and  a  warm  advocate  of 
temperance. 

Advanced  in  years  now,  and  at  times  infirm,  yet 
he  attends  the  Union  and  Associational  meetings, 
preaches  to  one  church  as  pastor,  and  makes  mis- 
sionary tours  in  his  Association.  During  the  year 
1879  he  traveled  almost  constantly  as  a  missionary 
in  the  North  St.  John's  Association,  and  labored  in 
the  most  destitute  sections,  and  nurtured  declining 
and  new  churches. 

Tipton,  Hon.  John,  was  bom  in  Tennessee  in 
1785.  He  came  to  Indiana  in  ISOfi.  lie  was  from 
the  first  an  active,  large-minded  citizen,  lie  was 
often  engaged  in  repelling  the  encroachments  of 
hostile  Indians.  He  was  a  soldier  of  decided  cour- 
age. He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1833,  and  re- 
mained in  it  until  his  death,  in  1839. 

He  was  made  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  In- 
dian Affairs.  He  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the 
Wabash  and  Erie  Canal.  Hon.  C.  Smith  speaks  of 
him  as  a  most  faithful  Senator, — evading  no  issue 
and  always  in  his  seat  ready  for  the  business  of 
the  hour.  He  died  of  apoplexy,  and  was  buried  in 
Logansport,  Ind.  Tipton  County,  and  the  town  of 
Tipton,  in  Indiana,  were  named  in  honor  of  him. 
Mr.  Tipton  was  a  Baptist. 

Titcomb,  Rev.  Benjamin,  the  founder  and  first 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portland,  Me., 
was  born  in  Falmouth,  near  Portland,  Me.,  in  July, 
1761.  For  some  time  he  and  his  wife  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Congregational  Church,  but  a  change  in 
their  sentiments  led  to  their  joining  the  Baptists. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  Christian 
ministry  in  1801.  The  few  brethren  and  sisters 
in  Portland  now  felt  strong  enough  to  band  to- 
gether and  form  a  church.  Mr.  Titcomb  was  in- 
vited to  become  their  pastor.  He  accepted  their 
call,  and  for  three  years  ministered  to  them.  He 
then  removed  to  Brunswick,  Me.,  the  seat  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  and  was  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  that  pleasant  village  from  1S04  to  1827. 
A  remarkable  revival,  which  dated  its  origin  from 
a  sermon  preached  by  Dr.  Baldwin,  of  Boston,  July 
22,  1816,  resulted  in  adding  to  Mr.  Titcomb's 
church  152  per.sons.  A  new  church  having  been 
formed  in  the  village,  Mr.  Titcomb  became  its  pas- 
tor, and  continued  such  for  seven  years.  He  died, 
full  of  years  and  ripe  for  heaven,  Sept.  30,  1848, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-seven. 

Tobey,  Rev.  Zalmon,  was  bom  in  1792;  grad- 


uated at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1817; 
was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister,  and  settled  first 
in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  and  subsequently  in  Providence 
and  Pawtuxet.  The  latter  part  of  his  life  was 
spent  in  Warren.  He  died  Sept.  17,  1858.  "  IIo 
was  a  good  scholar  and  a  useful  and  estimable 
man.'' 

Toby,  Thomas  W.,  D.D.,  was  for  several  years 
a  missionary  to  Cliina  :  aftiirwards  pastor  in  North 
Carolina;  Professor  of  Theology  in  Howard  Col- 
lege, and  professor  in  Judson  Female  Institute; 
professor  in  Bethel  College,  Russellville,  Ky. ; 
pastor  at  Union  Springs,  and  then  at  Camden,  Ala.  ; 
and  now  principal  of  the  Collegiate  Institute  in 
Eufaula.  Dr.  Toby  is  one  of  the  ripest  scholars  in 
the  South,  a  graceful  writer,  a  devout  Christian,  an 
earnest  minister,  and  an  accomplished  gentleman. 

Todd,  Rev.  Simpson,  was  born  in  Lancashire, 
England,  Aug.  15,  1812;  died  Dec.  31,  1878,  at 
Brant,  Wis.  He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry  in  1S42;  supplied  churches  in 
Baeup  and  Rochdale,  in  Lancashire,  England,  with 
much  success.  He  was  pastor  of  the  churches  in 
Sheboygan  Falls,  Sheboygan  City,  and  Brant,  Wis. 
He  was  a  sound  gospel  preacher,  and  entirely  con- 
secrated to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 

Todd,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He 
was  converted  and  baptized  in  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick,  and  joined  Germain  Street  Baptist 
church.  He  was  successively  pastor  of  the  follow- 
ing Baptist  churches  in  New  Brunswick:  Wood- 
stock, Sackville,  Moncton,  and  the  church  at  St. 
Stephen,  where  he  still  preaches.  Mr.  Todd  has 
also  rendered  valuable  service  as  a  missionary  and 
agent  for  missions  in  New  Brunswick. 

Toleration  Act,  The.  —  When  AVilliam  and 
Mary  ascended  the  throne  of  England,  made  vacant 
by  the  flight  of  James  II.,  their  warmest  friends 
were  the  Protestant  Dissenters  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland.  Episcopalians  of  the  thorough  loy- 
alty of  Bishop  Burnet  were  not  numerous,  though 
many  of  that  community  rendered  a  measure  of 
allegiance  to  AVilliam  III. 

On  March  16,  1669,  the  king,  in  his  speejh  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  made  an  appeal  to  that 
body  for  a  modification  of  the  oaths  taken  by  men 
in  the  service  of  the  government,  so  that  there 
would  be  "room  for  all  Protestants  willing  and 
able  to  serve"  (their  sovereigns).  To  carry  out 
the  royal  request  a  bill  was  introduced  into  the 
House  of  Lords  to  change  the  obnoxious  oaths. 
One  clause  of  this  bill  "  took  away  the  necessity 
of  receiving  the  sacrament  (in  the  Episcopal 
Church)  in  order  to  make  a  man  capable  of  enjoy- 
ing any  office,  employment,  or  place  of  trust." 
This  clause  was  rejected.  After  this  another  clause 
met  with  the  same  fate,  by  which  it  was  provided 
that  all  persons  should  be  sufficiently  qualified  for 


TOLERATION' 


1155 


TOLERA  TIOX 


any  office  "  who  within  a  year  before  or  after  their 
admission  did  receive  the  sacrament,  either  accord- 
ing to  the  usage  of  the  Church  of  England,  or  in 
any  Protestant  congregation,  and  could  produce 
a  certificate  under  the  liands  of  the  minister,  and 
two  other  credible  persons,  members  of  such  a  con- 
gregation." The  proposition  in  the  same  House 
to  remove  the  necessity  "  of  kneeling  at  the  sacra- 
ment," and  using  the  sign  of  ''the  cross  in  l)ap- 
tism,"  was  rejected.  The  liberality  of  King  Wil- 
liam was  far  in  advance  of  the  tyrannical  Episcopal 
Church  and  Legislature  of  England.  Soon  after  a 
bill  for  the  "Toleration  of  Protestant  Dissenters" 
was  passed,  and  became  the  law  of  William's  em- 
pire. AVhen  this  act  was  under  discussion  it  was 
proposed  to  limit  its  duration  to  a  brief  period,  that 
"  tlie  Dissenters  might  demean  themselves  so  as  to 
merit  the  continuance  of  it  when  the  term  of  years 
should  end ;"  but  it  was  passed  without  this  inso- 
lent restriction.  The  full  title  of  this  celebrated 
act  is,  "  An  Act  for  Exempting  their  Majesties" 
Protestant  Subjects,  Dissenting  from  the  Church 
of  England,  from  the  Penalties  of  Certain  Laws.' 
It  has  eighteen  clauses. 

By  this  law,  when  certain  conditions  were  com- 
plied with.  Dissenters  were  freed  from  the  more 
outrageous  persecuting  enactments  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, James  I.,  and  Charles  II. 

Clause  VII.  says,  "No  person  dissenting  from 
the  Cliurch  of  England  in  holy  orders,  or  pretended 
holy  orders,  or  pretending  to  holy  orders,  nor  any 
preacher  or  teacher  of  any  congregation  of  dissent- 
ing Protestants,  that  shall  make  and  subscribe  the 
declaration  aforesaid,  and  take  the  said  oaths,  at 
the  general  or  quarter  sessions  of  the  peace  to  be 
held  for  the  county,  town,  parts,  or  division  where 
such  person  lives,  which  court  is  hereby  empow- 
ered to  administer  the  same ;  and  shall  also  declare 
his  approbation  of,  and  subscribe  the  articles  of  re- 
ligion mentioned  in  the  statute  made  in  the  thir- 
teenth year  of  the  reign  of  the  late  Queen  Elizabeth, 
except  the  .34th.  35tli,  and  3Gth,  and  these  words  of 
the  20tli  article  {"The  Church  hath  power  to  de- 
cree rites  or  ceremonies,  and  authority  in  contro- 
versies of  faith,  and  yet''),  shall  be  liable  to  any  of 
the  pains  or  penalties  mentioned  in  an  act  made 
in  the  seventeenth  year  of  the  reign  of  King 
Charles  II.."  etc. 

Clause  IX.  says,  "  Whereas  some  dissenting 
Protestants  scruple  the  baptizing  of  infants,  be  it 
enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  every  per- 
son in  pretended  holy  orders,  or  pretending  to 
holy  orders,  or  preacher  or  teacher,  that  shall  sub- 
scribe the  aforesaid  articles,  except  l)efore  ex- 
cepted ;  and  also  except  part  of  the  27th  article, 
teaching  infant  baptism  ;  and  shall  take  the  oaths, 
and  make  and  subscribe  the  declaration  aforesaid, 
in  manner  aforesaid,  every  such  person  shall  enjoy 


all  the  privileges,  benefits,  and  advantages  which 
any  other  dissenting  minister,  as  aforesaid,  might 
have  or  enjoy  by  virtue  of  this  act." 

Clause  XII.  exempts  Quakers  from  the  penal- 
ties of  the  same  persecuting  laws,  on  special  con- 
ditions. 

Clause  XVI.  declares  "  that  neither  this  .act,  nor 
any  clause,  article,  or  thing  herein  contained,  shall 
exten<l,  or  be  construed  to  extend,  to  give  any  ease. 
))enefit,  or  advantage  to  any  Papist  or  Popish  re- 
cusant whatever,  or  any  person  that  shall  deny,  in 
his  pre.aching  or  writing,  the  doctrine  of  the  blessed 
Trinity,  as  it  is  declared  in  the  aforesaid  articles  of 
religion." 

Clause  XVIII.  asserts,  "  that  no  congregation,  or 
assembly  for  religious  worship,  shall  be  permitted 
or  allowed  by  this  act,  until  the  place  of  such 
meeting  shall  be  certified  to  the  bishop  of  the  dio- 
cese, or  to  the  archdeacon  of  that  archdeaconry,  or 
to  the  justices  of  the  peace  at  the  general  or  quar- 
ter sessions  of  the  peace  for  the  county,  city,  or 
place  in  which  such  meeting  shall  be  held,  and 
registered  in  the  said  bishop's  or  archdeacon's 
court  respectively,  or  recorded  at  the  said  general 
or  quarter  sessions,"  etc. 

Clause  IV.  affirms  that  any  dissenting  assembly, 
held  for  religious  worship,  with  "  the  doors  locked, 
liarred,  or  bolted,''  shall  receive  no  lienefit  from 
this  law;  "that  evei-y  person  that  shall  come  to, 
and  be  at  such  meeting,  shall  be  liable  to  all  the 
pains  and  penalties  of  all  the  aforesaid  laws  recited 
in  this  act."* 

Such  are  the  chief  features  of  the  famous  Tol- 
eration Act,  by  which  our  Baptist  fathers  in  Eng- 
land obtained  freedom  to  worship  God,  fettered  by 
some  restraints  and  hardships,  and  by  which  in 
Virginia  our  brethren  were  frequently  shielded 
from  persecution.  The  lion.  John  Blair,  deputy 
governor  of  Virginia,  commenting,  in  a  letter  to 
the  king's  attorney  in  Spottsylvania,  on  the  arrest 
of  John  AValler,  Lewis  Craig,  and  .James  Childs  for 
preaching  Christ,  says,  "The  Act  of  Toleration  has 
given  them  a  right  to  apply,  in  a  proper  manner, 
for  licensed  houses,  for  the  worship  of  God  accord- 
ing to  their  consciences."!  This  letter  was  written 
in  I7f)8.  Dr.  R.  B.  Semple,  who  has  preserved  Mr. 
Blair's  letter,  says,  "Though  the  Toleration  Law 
(Act)  is  not  believed  to  have  been  «/)-iV</i/ obliga- 
tory in  Virginia,  yet,  as  was  frequently  the  case  at 
th.it  period,  it  was  acted  under  in  many  instances ;" 
that  i.s,  it  gave  protection,  when  its  provisions 
were  complied  with,  from  magisterial  and  other 
persecutions. 

We  abhor  the  insulting  assumption  of  the  word 
toleration.     Neverthele.ss,  the   Toleration  Act  pro- 


*  NmI's  HUtory  of  tbe  Puritans,  ir.  496,  508-15.     Dublin,  1755. 
t  Sample's  History  of  the  Virginia  Bapttsta,  pp.  16,  32. 


TOLMAN 


1156 


TOMBES 


tects  our  brethren  in  England  now,  as  it  sliielded 
our  fathers  in  Virginia  more  than  a  century  ago. 

Tolman,  Rev.  C.  F.,  was  born  at  Meridian, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  25,  1832.  The  family  liaving  in  the 
mean  time  removed  to  Illinois,  he,  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Morgan  Edwards  into  the  Pavilion  Baptist 
church,  in  the  northern  part  of  that  State,  in  1844. 
He  was  educated  at  Shurtleff  College  and  Madison 
University;  entering  tlie  former  as  Fresliinan,  in 
1850,  and  graduating  at  the  latter  in  1S5G,  and 
from  the  seminary  there  in  1858.  In  November  of 
the  last-named  year,  with  his  wife,  Mary  R.  Bron- 
8on,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  M.  Bronson,  the  veteran 
missionary,  he  sailed  for  Assam,  under  appointment 
of  the  Missionary  Union.  In  six  months  after  his 
arrival  at  Nowgong  he  preached  liis  first  sermon 
in  Assamese,  liaving  acquired  the  language  with 
remarkable  rapidity.  In  1859  he  commenced  the 
interesting  mission  among  the  Mekirs,  reducing  to 
writing  the  language  of  that  tribe,  and  preparing 
in  it  a  catechism  and  vocabulary.  The  fever  of  the 
country,  however,  made  such  ravages  in  his  consti- 
tution that,  under  medical  direction,  he  was  com- 
pelled soon  to  leave  his  work  and  return  to  this 
country,  arriving  in  July,  1861.  The  voyage 
liaving  in  some  degree  restoi-ed  his  liealth,  he  en- 
tered the  pastorate  at  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where, 
liowever,  his  health  again  failed  after  two  years  of 
happy  and  fruitful  service,  in  which  he  baptized 
nearly  evei-y  month  when  able  to  preach.  His  next 
settlement  was  at  Fort  Madison,  Iowa,  in  1864 ; 
from  which  he  was  called  to  the  service  of  the 
Missionary  Union,  as  assistant  to  Ur.  S.  M.  Osgood, 
the  district  secretary  for  the  West.  Entering  this 
work  in  1866,  he  continued  in  association  witli  Dr. 
Osgood  until  the  death  of  the  latter,  in  1875,  when 
the  entire  charge  of  the  district  devolved  upon 
liimself.  During  six  years  he  has  occupied  this 
laborious  post,  meeting  its  demands  with  the  utmost 
self-devotion,  and  as  a  reward  of  his  well-directed 
service  having  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  contri- 
butions from  his  field  every  year  increasing. 

Tolman,  Rev.  Frank  W.,  a  son  of  Hon.  Phi- 
lander Tolman,  of  Harrison,  Me.,  was  born  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Aug.  13,  1842.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Colby  University  in  the  class  of  1866.  He 
spent  one  year  at  Newton,  and  two  years  as  a  stu- 
dent in  the  theological  department  of  Shurtleff  Col- 
lege. His  ordination  took  place  at  Farmington, 
Me.,  May  18,  1870.  For  two  years  and  a  half  he 
was  pastor  and  supply  for  this  church,  and  then 
removed  to  Campton  village,  N.  H.,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  nearly  three  years.  He  sub- 
sequently had  pastorates  in  Dexter,  Me.,  and  South 
Hampton,  N.  H.,  in  which  place  he  died  July  14, 
1877. 

Tolman,  Rev.  Jeremy  F.— During  twenty 
years  of  his  later  life  this  good  minister  of  Jesus 


Christ,  who  died  at  Sandwich,  111.,  in  1872,  was 
made  nearly  helpless  by  paralysis  of  his  lower 
liml)s,  so  that  he  was  unable  to  walk,  continuing, 
however,  to  the  last,  useful  in  various  relations  as 
a  writer  and  a  counselor  among  the  churches.  He 
was  born  in  Needham,  Mass.,  Dec.  17,  1784.  He 
was  of  Congregationalist  parentage,  but  upon  hia 
conversion  became  a  Baptist  through  independent 
and  careful  study  of  the  New  Testament.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1<SI4,  at  Dana,  Mass.,  and 
was  ordained  in  ISl'J,  at  Junius,  N.  Y.  He  labored 
chiefly  at  Junius  and  in  Cato,  Cayuga  Co.,  until 
1834,  when  he  removed  to  Illinois,  under  appoint- 
ment of  the  Home  Mission  Society.  At  Long  Grove, 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  at  Upper  Alton,  in 
thesiiuthern,  he  served  as  pastor,  until  the  paralysis 
of  which  we  spoke  above  closed  his  pastoral  con- 
nection with  the  latter  church,  April  27,  1850. 
From  this  time  until  his  death  he  was  mostly  laid 
aside  from  active  labor.  Among  the  contributions 
of  his  pen  during  that  period  may  be  especially 
named  his  "  History  of  the  Fox  River  As.sociation,'' 
published  in  1859.  He  was  to  the  close  of  life  a 
student,  not  only  of  the  Bible  and  theology,  but 
of  science  and  politics.  Though  he  gave  away  all 
his  library  in  his  early  sickness  to  young  ministers, 
he  afterwards  collected  another  of  consider.able  size. 
Ho  is  well  remembered  by  those  who  knew  him  in 
these  last  years  of  his  life  for  his  cheerful  spirit, 
and  bright,  vigorous  intellect,  and  his  wide  informa- 
tion, embracing  whatever  related  to  current  ques- 
tions of  every  sort.  Among  the  childi-en  who  sur- 
vive hira  are  Rev.  J.  N.  T(dman,  now  of  New 
York,  Rev.  C.  F.  Tolman,  Chicago,  and  Mrs.  N.  M. 
Bacon,  of  Dundee,  III. 

Tombes,  John,  B.D.,  was  bom  at  Bewdley, 
Worcestershire,  England,  in  1603.  At  fifteen  years 
of  age  he  entered  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford.  At  col- 
lege he  made  such  good  use  of  his  opportunities, 
and  acquired  such  a  reputation  for  learning,  that 
upon  the  decease  of  his  tutor  in  1624  he  was  chosen 
to  succeed  hira  in  the  catechetical  lecture,  when 
he  was  but  twenty-one  years  of  age.  This  position 
he  held  for  seven  years. 

While  he  was  parish  clergyman  of  Leominster 
he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  reformation  of  the 
church,  which  was  published  subsequently  by  the 
House  of  Commons.  It  was  a  sermon  of  great 
power.  At  the  commencement  of  the  Parliament- 
ary war  in  1641,  he  was  driven  out  of  his  home  by 
the  forces  of  the  king,  and  everything  he  had  was 
carried  away  on  account  of  it. 

Mr.  Tombes  in  1637  began  to  entertain  doubts 
about  infant  baptism.  AVhile  in  Bristol  he  was 
almost  persuaded  that  the  practice  had  no  Scrip- 
tural authority.  When  he  came  to  London,  in  1643, 
he  determined  to  consult  the  most  learned  Pedo- 
baptists,  that  the  question  might  be  settled  forever 


TOMBES 


1157 


rOMKIES 


in  his  mind.  The  celebrated  Westminster  As- 
sembly of  Divines  being  at  that  time  in  session, 
iind  Mr.  Tombes  having  learned  from  one  of  its 
members  tliat  it  had  a  committee  on  infant  bap- 
tism, drew  up  a  paper  in  Latin,  containing  his 
chief  reasons  for  doubting  the  lawfulness  of  that 
custom,  and  he  sent  it  to  Mr.  Whitaker,  the  chair-  j 
man  of  the  committee,  that  his  objections  might  be  I 
removed.  But  the  only  notice  the  Assembly  took 
of  his  paper  was  to  try  and  hinder  liis  settlement 
in  London.  At  Bewdley,  three  miles  from  Kid- 
derminster, where  Richard  Baxter  preached,  Mr. 
Tombes  became  the  minister  of  the  parish  ;  and 
thinking  it  hopeless  to  reform  the  church,  he 
formed  a  separate  community  holding  Baptist  sen- 
timents, and  of  this  church  he  was  pastor,  while 
he  still  ''continued  minister  of  tlie  parish." 

Mr.  Baxter,  the  leading  Presbyterian  minister 
in  England,  felt  deeply  moved  by  this  fountain  of 
heresy  almost  at  his  own  door,  and,  like  a  good 
soldier,  he  determined  to  attack  Mr.  Tombes.  The 
battle  took  place  on  the  1st  of  January,  IG.iO,  in 
the  church  at  Bewdley  ;  it  lasted  seven  or  eight 
hours.  Baxter  showed  a  determination  to  secure 
the  victory  even  at  the  expense  of  some  malice 
and  considerable  indecency.  And  the  good  man 
thought  that  he  had  succeeded,  though  all  unpre- 
judiced persons  were  of  a  different  opinion.  After 
this  controversy  Mr.  Tombes  was  regarded  as  a 
champion  by  the  Baptists  ;  and  he  held  public  dis- 
cussions with  Mr.  Tirer  and  Mr.  Smith  at  Rosse, 
with  Mr.  Cragg  and  Mr.  Vaughn  at  Abergavenny, 
and  with  some  one  else  at  Hereford  ;  and  many 
who  differed  from  his  views  believed  that  "  he  had 
the  advantage  of  his  opponents  in  learning  and 
argument.'' 

After  the  Restoration,  when  he  was  about  sixty 
years  of  age,  he  retired  from  the  ministry,  the 
duties  of  which  he  could  only  perform  at  the  risk 
of  his  liberty,  his  pi-operty.  and  his  life.  Among 
liis  friends  were  Lord  Clarendon,  the  lord  chan- 
cellor, and  Bishops  Sanderson,  Barlow,  and  Ward. 
Mr.  Baxter  describes  hira  as  "  the  chief  of  the  Ana- 
baptists, the  greatest  and  most  learned  writer 
against  infant  baptism." 

The  narrow-miniled  Xe.al,  author  of  the  "  His- 
tory of  the  Puritans,  '  a  Congregationalist,  says, 
"  Mr.  John  Tombes,  B.D.,  was  educated  in  the 
University  of  Oxford  ;  he  w,as  a  person  of  incom- 
parable parts,  well  versed  in  the  Greek  and  He- 
brew languages,  and  a  most  excellent  disputant." 
He  was  made  a  trier  in  1653,  whose  duty  it  was, 
with  others  of  a  committee,  to  examine  candidates 
for  the  ministry  in  the  national  church,  and  in- 
vestigate the  character  of  "  ignorant  and  scandal- 
ous" incumbents,  with  a  view  to  their  removal. 
After  the  Act  of  Uniformity  expelled  him,  in 
166'2,  from  his  parish,  he  was  offered  positions  of 


honor  and  profit  in  the  National  Church,  but  no 
persuasions  could  move  him  to  serve  at  the  altars 
of  the  Anglican  Establishment  as  an  Episcopalian. 

Mr.  Tombes  was  a  man  of  great  learning  in 
every  department  of  literature.  He  had  a  power- 
ful intellect ;  he  was  a  ready  speaker  in  public 
discussions ;  he  was  universally  known  by  his 
writings.  He  was  the  author  of  twenty-eight  pub- 
lications, and  in  his  day  he  was  efficient  beyond 
most  men  in  securing  the  extension  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  He  died  at  Salisbury,  May  25, 
1670. 

Tombes,  J.  B.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Albany,  X.  Y., 
in  18'21  ;  converted  and  baptized  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen ;  studied  for  the  ministry,  and  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1847  ;  became  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  church  in  Richmond,  Va.,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  1848;  was  principal  of  Meadsville 
Academy,  Va.,  from  1854  to  1859,  when  he  took 
charge  of  Liberty  Female  College.  Mo.,  and  held 
his  position  there  until  1864,  when  he  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  was  pastor  of  the  Xorth  Baptist 
church  of  that  city  for  some  time,  then  of  the  Berean 
church  at  Carbondale,  Pa.,  when  he  removed  to 
Ohio ;  was  pastor  at  Tiffin,  and  also  at  Delaware, 
and  president,  in  1870,  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  Minis- 
ters' Conference.  In  1871  he  became  associate 
editor  of  The  Baptist  Record.  pul)lishcd  at  Charles- 
town,  AV.Va.,  and  in  1873  liecame  president  of  Carle- 
ton  College,  Meigs  Co.,  O.,  but  was  compelled  to 
yield  his  position  on  account  of  ill  health.  In 
1869  he  gave  a  series  of  articles  in  the  Journal 
and  Messenger  on  "  The  Writings  and  Teachings 
of  the  Apostolic  and  Christian  Fathers,"  and  in 
1873  held  a  public  discussion  with  the  Central 
Methodist,  Ky.,  on  "The  Mode  of  Christian  Bap- 
tism." He  is  the  author  of  a  very  useful  book 
on  "  The  Christian  Rite  of  the  One  Only  Baptism." 
In  the  pastorate  he  has  had  much  success  in  win- 
ning souls  to  Christ.  While  at  Carbondale.  Pa., 
he  baptized  over  100  converts.  In  1875  he  re- 
moved to  Anaheim,  Cal..  for  his  health.  lie  occu- 
pies a  leading  position  in  the  Baptist  ministry  of 
Central  and  Southern  California. 

Tomkies,  Rev.  J.  H.,  was  bom  in  Hanover  Co., 
Va.,  Xov.  18,  ISo'J.  His  father  has  devoted  him- 
self to  teaching,  for  which  he  is  well  qualified,  and 
is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Ashland  Baptist 
church,  Va. 

When  a  boy  he  consecrated  his  life  to  the  Lord, 
and  soon  gave  indications  of  his  future  occupation. 
He  was  impressed  early  in  life  with  an  earnest  de- 
sire to  preach  the  gospel,  and  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
fit  himself  for  the  work  :  for  this  purpose  he  entered 
Richmond  College  when  about  nineteen,  where  he 
remained  two  sessions,  and  prosecuted  the  study 
of  mathematics,  French,  German,  and  English. 
With  an  intense  desire  to  engage  in  preaching,  he 


TOMKIES 


1158 


TOPPING 


left  college,  returned  to  Ashland,  and  was  there 
ordained.  Just  before  the  late  war  he  removed  to 
Florida,  and  first  located  at  Madison,  where  he 
taught  school  and  |)reiiched.  Remaining  there  a 
year,  he  went  to  Gainesville,  and  taught  in  the  East 
Florida  Seminary,  and  preached  to  the  few  Baptists 
there. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  7tli  P'lorida  Kegiinent.  His  general 
deportment  was  such  that  in  one  year  he  was 
elected  by  his  comrades  chaplain  of  the  regiment. 
He  served  in  this  capacity  to  the  close  of  the  war, 
and  so  maintained  his  character  for  integrity, 
faithfulness,  and  piety  that  one  of  his  comrades 
says  of  him,  "Let  him  but  speak,  and  all  were 
prepared  to  hear  and  be  influenced  by  his  words." 

Returning  to  his  adopted  State  after  the  war 
closed,  he  settled  in  Gainesville  again,  preaching  in 
the  town,  and  to  Fort  Clark,  Wacahoota,  and  Staf- 
ford's Pond  churclies  for  two  years.  From  186S  to 
1870  he  preached  at  Fernandina.  From  1870  to 
1<S75  he  served  Elim,  Eliani,  Providence,  and 
Pleasant  Grove  churches.  While  preacliing  to  the 
First  church,  Gainesville,  in  1875,  and  others 
around,  his  health  failed,  and  liis  decline  was 
rapid,  and  Aug.  15,  1878,  he  died  at  his  house  in 
Gainesville,  to  which  place  he  had  returned. 

He  was  open  and  generous.  He  was  excessively 
modest  and  retiring,  except  with  his  intimate 
friends. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  doctrinal  and  practical. 
The  Saviour,  in  his  office,  work,  and  word  was  his 
theme,  and  him  he  constantly  exalted.  He  was  a 
clear  thinker  and  writer.  lie  was  "  learned  in  the 
Scriptures,"  and  contirnied  the  faith  of  saints,  and 
was  able  to  contend  with  error.  He  met  in  public 
debate  the  champion  of  Campbellism  in  his  sec- 
tion, and  so  completely  overpowered  him  that  he 
left  that  region. 

During  its  existence  he  was  a  warm  supporter  of 
the  Florida  Bnplisl,  and  its  corresponding  editor. 
He  was  frequently  moderator  and  clerk  of  the  Santa 
Fe  River  Assnciation,  and  he  was  president  and 
secretary  of  the  State  Convention  at  different 
times,  and  at  his  death  was  its  president.  He 
never  sought  civil  office,  and  reluctantly  accepted 
the  office  of  county  treasurer  when  unable  any 
longer  to  preach,  which  position  he  held  at  his 
death. 

Probably  no  man  of  his  age  and  short  residence 
in  the  State  held  a  more  prominent  position  in  the 
denomination.  As  might  be  expected,  his  death 
was  peaceful  and  triumphant.  His  family  and 
some  friends  were  assembled  at  his  house,  and,  as 
they  gathered  about  him,  he  repeated  the  23d 
Psalm  and  the  hymns,  "IIow  firm  a  foundation,  ' 
etc.,  and  "Jesus,  lover  of  my  soul,"  and  then 
asked  that  they  would  all  pray  with  him  that  he 


might  be  fully  resigned.     Repeatedly  he  said,  "  I 
shall  soon  be  at  rest." 

Tommie,  Rev.  Joel  C,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Bradley  t'o.,  Ark.,  was  a  native  of  Georgia,  where 
he  became  a  preacher.  He  settled  on  I/Aigle 
Creek,  in  Bradley  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1850,  and  soon  after 
gathered  the  Bethel  church,  about  four  miles  south 
of  the  present  town  of  Edinburg,  in  Dorsey  Co. 
Mr.  Tommie  was  very  faithful,  often  walking  five 
or  six  miles  to  preach  after  the  labors  of  the  day  on 
his  little  farm.  Wherever  he  could  get  a  few  per- 
sons together  he  always  preached.  It  was  re- 
marked not  long  ago  by  one  who  knew  him  well, 
"It  seems  to  me  that  when  Brother  Tommie  was 
the  only  preacher  in  the  country  we  had  more 
preaching  than  now  when  we  have  plenty  of 
preachers."  He  laid  the  foundations  of  a  number 
of  churches.     He  died  in  1871. 

Topping,  Charles  Henry,  a  well-known  Baptist 
layman  of  Delavan,  Wis.,  a  native  of  Charleston, 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  May 
22,  1830.  He  is  the  oldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Henry  Topping,  one  of  the  first  pioneer  ministers 
of  Wisconsin.  Charles  II.  spent  his  early  youth  in 
Leesville,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  his  father 
began  his  labors  as  a  Christian  minister.  When 
he  was  nine  years  of  age  his  father  removed  to 
Wisconsin,  reaching  Delavan,  Walworth  Co.,  in  the 
autumn  of  1839.  Mr.  Topping  became  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  which  had  just  been  organ- 
ized. His  son  selected  the  calling  of  a  merchant  as 
his  vocation,  and  for  several  years  he  was  in  a  store 
perfecting  his  knowledge  of  and  becoming  a  first- 
class  business  man.  In  1851,  Mr.  Topping  began 
business  for  himself  as  a  merchant  in  Delton,  Wis. 
In  1857  he  returned  to  Delavan,  and  engaged  suc- 
cessfully in  mercantile  pursuits  until  1804,  when, 
owing  to  the  total  loss  of  his  health,  he  was  obliged 
to  retire  for  a  time.  From  1864  to  1874  he  resided 
in  Southern  Illinois  and  in  Ottawa,  Kansas,  seeking 
by  change  of  climate  and  out-door  exercise  the  res- 
toration of  his  health.  This  being  secured,  he  re- 
turned, in  1874,  to  Delavan,  and  again  commenced 
business.  He  is  now  at  the  head  of  one  of  the 
largest  houses  in  the  county,  and  ranks  among  its 
best  business  men. 

But  it  is  as  a  devoted  Christian  that  Mr.  Topping 
is  best  known.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he  obtained 
a  hope  in  Christ,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Delavan  Baptist  church. 
For  nearly  forty  years  he  has  been  one  of  its  most 
active  and  useful  members.  While  residing  in  Il- 
linois, Mr.  Topping  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
the  Illinois  Industrial  University,  and  he  has  sev- 
eral times  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  the  Wis- 
consin Baptist  State  Convention,  and  in  its  earlier 
history  a  member  of  the  board  of  Wayland  Acad- 
emy. 


TOPPING 


1159 


TOY 


Topping,  Rev.  Henry,  was  a  native  of  Charles- 
ton, N.  Y.  He  was  born  in  1S04.  Both  his  parents 
were  pious,  and  took  great  pains  with  his  early  re- 
ligious education.  Converted  at  nineteen  years  of 
age,  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  his  native  place.  Or- 
dained to  tlie  work  of  the  ministry  at  the  age  of 
thirty,  he  was  first  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Leesville,  where  he  remained  five  years. 
E.\tensive  revivals  of  religion  attended  his  minis- 
try. He  was  eminently  fitted  for  an  evangelist. 
While  pastor  at  Leesville  he  held  special  meetings 
at  Charleston,  Scotville,  and  Argusville,  whore  his 
labors  were  blessed  in  turning  many  to  God.  In 
1S.'59  he  removed  to  Delavan,  Wis.,  and  liecame  the 
first  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  which  had  just 
been  organized,  which  grew  rapidly  under  his 
labors.  lie  planted  the  gospel  in  all  the  region 
around,  and  was  most  untiring  in  his  missionary 
and  itinerant  labors.  Churches  at  Walworth,  Sugar 
Creek,  East  Troy,  and  Tiirtleville  (now  Clinton) 
were  founded  as  the  results  of  his  labors.  The 
church  at  Delavan,  organized  forty  years  ago,  and 
of  which  he  was  the  first  pastor,  is  now  the  largest 
church  in  the  State.  Ilis  two  sons,  Charles  II. 
and  Marshall  Topping,  and  his  daughter,  Mrs. 
Ilattio  La  Bar,  are  active  members  of  the  church. 
Owing  to  the  failure  of  his  health  he  was  obliged 
to  retire  from  the  active  work  of  the  ministry  about 
twenty  years  before  his  death,  but  he  preached 
occasionally  until  he  went  to  receive  his  crown. 
He  was  a  man  of  unblemished  character,  of  gentle 
and  retiring  disposition,  an<l  highly  esteemed  in 
all  the  region  where  he  laliorod  for  his  Master. 

Toronto,  The  Jarvis  Street  Church  of,  is  the 
most  induential  Baptist  church  in  Canada.  Until 
within  a  few  months,  for  a  number  of  years  it  was 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  J. 
II.  Castle,  beloved  and  honored  in  the  United  States 
as  well  as  in  Canada.  He  built  a  splendid  church 
edifice  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  during  his  pastor- 
ate the  Jarvis  Street  church  was  erected.  It  cost 
|100,(JOO.  It  has  sittings  for  1300  persons,  and  it 
was  dedicated  Dec.  3,  187r).  It  is  one  of  the  finest 
churches  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  (Sec  cut  on 
the  following  page.)  ' 

Torrance,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  was  born  of  Pres- 
byterian parents  Dec.  0,  ISo'J,  in  Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire,  Scotland.  He  came  to  Canada  in  1849. 
Until  thirteen  years  of  age  he  enjoyed  the  best 
school  advantages.  At  .seventeen  he  entered  upon 
school-teaching,  and  taught  five  years,  working  his 
way  up  from  the  third  to  the  first  class  in  his  pro- 
fession. About  the  age  of  twenty  he  joined  the 
Baptists,  and  commenced  preaching.  For  four 
years  he  preached  to  the  churches  of  Woodville 
and  West  Line  of  Brock,  Ontario,  and  taught 
school.     During  this  period  he  was  ordained,  but 


at  its  close  he  entered  the  Canadian  Literary  Insti- 
tute as  a  theological  student,  and  remained  two  full 
academical  years.  For  the  tlirce  years  following 
he  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Mount  Elgin,  On- 
tario. At  the  beginning  of  ISOO  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Cheltenham  and  Edmonton  churches  in  the 
same  province.  During  the  last  four  of  the  six 
years'  continuance  of  this  relation  he  took  the 
Arts  course  in  the  University  of  Toronto,  at  the 
same  time  performing  his  pastoral  duties.  He  gradu- 
ated B.A.in  1S72,  and  took  tlio  M.A.  degree  in  the 
year  following.  At  bis  graduation  lie  was  Silver 
Medalist  in  Metaphysics,  and  prizeman  in  Oriental 
Languages.  In  the  fall  of  1872  he  settled  over  the 
church  in  Yorkville,  a  suljurb  of  Toronto.  At  the 
New  Year  of  1S75  he  accepted  the  chair  of  New 
Testament  Exegesis  in  the  theological  department 
of  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute  at  Woodstock. 
In  1878,  on  the  death  of  Kcv.  Dr.  Fyfe,  he  was 
chosen  principal  of  the  same  department,  and  in 
the  beginning  of  1881  he  became  principal  of  the 
literary  department  also.  As  an  expository  preacher 
and  as  a  scholar  and  educator,  Principal  Torrance 
has  few  equals.  Recently  he  was  appointed  to  a 
professorship  in  the  new  Theological  Seminary  at 
Toronto,  but  before  he  entered  upon  its  duties  he 
fell  asleep  in  .Jesus. 

Towle,  Francis  W.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  New 
London,  N.  IL,  Nov.  21,  1835;  graduated  from 
Madison  University.  At  present  he  is  the  prin- 
cipal of  Colgate  Academy,  in  which  he  is  per- 
forming a  noble  work  for  those  who  are  enjoying 
the  advantages  of  the  institution. 

Towner,  Rev.  Enoch,  was  liorn  in  Newbury, 
Conn.,  in  1755;  awakened  under  .Tdseph  Dimock's 
preaching  in  Lower  Granville,  Nova  .Scotia,  in  I79U; 
converted  subsec|uently,  and  baptized  by  Kev.  Thos. 
Ilandley  Chipman ;  ordained,  in  1799,  pastor  of 
Digby  church  ;  was  present  at  the  formation  of  the 
Baptist  Association,  June  23,  1800  ;  evangelized  in 
Argyle  in  1806,  and  bajitized  120  converts.  Mr. 
Towner's  labors  were  highly  useful  in  Digby 
County;  died  in  November,  1827,  aged  seventy- 
two  years. 

Toy,  Crawford  H.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Profes.sor  of 

the  Semitic  Languages  in  Harvard  University, 
and  late  Professor  of  the  Interpretation  of  the  Old 
Testament  in  the  Southern  Baiitist  Theological 
Seminary,  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  March  23, 
1836.  From  1847  to  1852  he  was  at  the  Norfolk 
Academy.  He  entered  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  October,  1852,  and  took  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  in  June,  1856.  From  October,  185»),  to  June, 
1859,  he  taught  for  Mr.  John  Hart,  in  the  Albe- 
marle Female  Institute,  Charlottesville,  Va.  In 
1859  he  was  appointed  a  missionary  to  .Japan  by 
the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention,  and  studied   in  preparation  for  that 


JARVIS    STREET    BAPTIST    CUURCH,    TORONTO,    CANADA. 


TOZER 


1161 


TRAIN 


work  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary 
in  its  first  session,  in  1859-60.  lie  was  baptized 
at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  by  Rev.  John  A.  Broadus, 
in  April,  1854,  and  was  ordained  at  the  same  place 
in  June,  1860.  From  September  to  December, 
ISGO,  he  was  engaged  in  a  tour  through  the  Ports- 
mouth Association,  which  body  had  agreed  to  sup- 
port him  in  his  missionary  work  in  Japan.  The 
Ijreaking  out  of  the  war  making  it  impracticable 
to  go  to  Japan,  he  went  to  Richmond  College  in 
January,  1861,  as  Professor  of  Greek,  and  thence, 
the  May  following,  to  Norfolk,  where  he  supplied 
the  pulpit  of  tlie  Cumberland  Street  Baptist  church. 
In  Marcli,  1861,  he  went  into  the  Army  of  Virginia 
as  a  private,  became  chaplain  in  January,  1863, 
and  was  made  pri.soner  at  Gettysburg,  and  was  in 
FortMclIenry  from  July  to  November,  1863.  He 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Physics  and  Astronomy 
in  the  University  of  Alaliama,  at  Tuscaloosa,  in  Au- 
gust, 1864.  He  returned  to  Virginia,  and  taught 
from  October,  1865,  to  May,  1866.  He  studied  at 
Berlin,  Prussia,  from  August,  1866,  to  .July,  1868, 
returning  to  America  in  September,  1868.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1869,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Greek 
in  Furman  University,  Greenville,  S.  C.  In  May, 
1869,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Old  Testament 
Interpretation  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary,  which  position  he  held  until  his  resigna- 
tion in  May,  1879.  His  inaugural  address  deliv- 
ered Sept.  1,  1869,  was  published,  and  is  entitled 
"The  Claims  of  Biblical  Interpretation  upon  Bap- 
tists." He  has  also  contributed  several  articles  to 
the  Baptist  Quarterly. 

In  June,  1880,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Semitic  Languages  in  Harvard  University. 

He  received  the  degree  of  D.I),  from  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1870,  and  that  of  LL.D.  at  a  later  pe- 
riod. 

Tozer,  Rev.  Edward,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Bristol,  ETigland.  Nov.  7,  1815.  and  (lie<l  very  sud- 
denly Jan.  1,  1878,  at  Fort  Ann,  Washington  Co., 
N.  Y.  Converted  at  sixteen,  he  came  to  this  coun- 
try five  years  later,  and  spent  four  years  at  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  in  preparatory  study  for  the  work  of  the 
ministry.  He  was  ordained,  in  1840,  at  Fayette, 
Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  labored  several  years 
as  pastor  of  tlie  Baptist  church  ;  also  ministered  at 
Geneva  and  Naples  some  fourteen  years,  and  spent 
four  years  as  collecting  agent  for  the  American 
Bible  Union.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  settled  with 
the  Fort  Ann  Village  church,  where  he  continued 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  During  eight  j'ears  he 
also  supplied  the  church  at  Kingsbury  with  an 
afternoon  service  until  1873.  He  led  this  people 
to  renovate  their  house  of  worship  in  1870,  and  in 
1874  he  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  a  neat  and  sub- 
stantial brick  sanctuary,  costing  S17.000,  dedicated 
to  the  worship  of  God  as  the  fruit  of  the  joint 
74 


labors  and  sacrifices  of  pastor  and  people.  He  was 
a  sound  and  able  preacher  and  a  good  pastor.  He 
died  very  nimh  lamctiti'd  by  the  whole  community. 

Tracy,  Rev.  Leonard,  wa.s  born  in  Tunbridge, 
Vt.,  in  1802.  As  preacher  and  pastor  he  served  six 
or  seven  good  churches  in  three  of  the  New  England 
States,  and  in  the  communities  in  which  he  labored 
he  was  respected  as  a  man  who  honored  his  pro- 
fession by  great  purity  of  life,  showing  earnestness 
of  purpose  and  conscientious  fidelity  to  every  trust. 
He  died  at  East  Bethel,  Vt.,  Nov.  21,  1869. 

Train,  Arthur  Savage,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Framinghani,  Mass.,  Sept.  1,  1»12.  He  wsw  the 
elder  son  of  Rev.  Charles  Train,  who  fitted  him 
for  Brown  University,  where  he  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1833.  He  was  tutor  for  two  years  in  his 
own  college,  pursuing  his  theological  studies  during 
this  time  with  Dr.  Wayland,  receiving  also  such 
aid  in  his  preparatory  work  as  his  father  could 
give  him.  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  in  Octo))er, 
1836,  and  for  twenty-three  years  was  the  beloved 
minister  of  a  people  for  whom  he  lived  and  labored 
with  a  zeal  and  success  which  are  seldom  equaled, 
certainly  not  surpassed.  He  resigned  his  pastorate 
to  accept  an  appointment  in  the  Newton  Tlieologi- 
cal  Institution  as  Professor  of . 'sacred  Rhetoric  and 
Pastoral  Duties.  Dr.  Train  brought  to  his  work 
the  results  of  a  long  experience,  and  well-defined 
conceptions  in  his  own  mind  of  what  was  needed 
to  make  an  efficient  and  useful  ministry.  He  re- 
signed his  position  at  Newton  in  1866,  after  having 
held  it  for  seven  years.  The  remainder  of  his  life 
was  passed  in  his  native  town,  officiating  for  the 
church  of  which  his  father  had  for  so  many  years 
been  the  minister.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Brown 
University  from  1845  to  his  death,  which  occurred 
Jan.  2,  1872. 

Train,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Weston, 
Mass.,  .J:in.  7,  17>-j.  .\t  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
entered  Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1805,  delivering  a  Hebrew  oration  on  the  occa- 
sion. Having  decided  to  enter  the  ministry,  he 
wa.s  licensed  by  the  church  in  Newton.  In  1807 
he  commenced  his  labors  in  Framingham,  Mass., 
which  was  destined  to  be  his  home  for  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life.  He  wsus  not  ordained  as  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  until  Jan.  30,  1811. 
For  several  years  he  supplied  two  churches, — that 
of  Weston  and  that  of  Framingham.  For  thirteen 
years  he  confined  his  labors  to  the  Framingham 
church.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1830.  lie 
had  seen  the  little  band  of  disciples  grow  into  a 
vigorous,  active  church.  The  Master  had  richly 
blessed  his  labors.  He  was  honored  as  few  men 
are  in  the  coninuinity  in  which  he  had  lived  for 
so  many  years,  and  when  he  died,  Sept.  17,  1849, 
he   was   borne   to   the   grave   amidst   the   sincere 


TBASK 


1162 


TUEMONT 


lamentations  of  a  generation  he  had  served  most 
faithfully. 

Mr.  Train  was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  both  in  the  lower  and 
in  the  higher  branch.  "  He  had  the  honor  of  being 
the  first  to  move  in  the  plan  of  forming  a  legisla- 
tive library,  as  well  as  in  the  yet  more  important 
matter  of  a  revision  of  the  laws  relating  to  common 
schools.  He  had  much  to  do  also  in  obtaining  the 
charter  of  Amherst  College."  He  left  several  pub- 
lished writings  in  the  form  of  orations  and  dis- 
courses. 

Trask,  Rev.  EnOS,  was  born  in  Jefferson,  Me., 
April  '21.  1794.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  but  was  not  baptized  till  March  10,  182.3, 
Rev.  William  Burbank  administering  the  ordi- 
nance. For  most  of  the  thirteen  years  between 
his  conversion  and  his  baptism  his  spiritual  life 
was  not  very  encouraging;  but  at  that  time  a 
variety  of  peculiarly  trying  experiences  added 
weight  and  force  to  a  conviction  he  had  felt  for 
over  five  years,  that  it  was  his  duty  to  enter  the 
gospel  ministry.  At  the  same  time  he  deeply  felt 
his  unworthiness  for  the  sacred  calling.  At  last 
an  affliction,  deep  and  sad,  which  he  recognized  as 
from  God  for  the  purpose  of  impressing  him  for- 
cibly in  reference  to  his  duty,  mastered  his  resist- 
ance. 

He  united  with  the  Third  Jeffer.«on  church,  or- 
ganized in  1824,  and  was  immediately  chosen 
deacon.  At  this  time  his  brethren,  like  himself, 
felt  impressed  with  the  thought  that  God  was  call- 
ing him  into  the  ministry,  and  in  less  than  a  year 
after  the  organization  of  the  church,  after  being 
closely  questioned  as  to  his  own  impressions,  he 
was  unanimously  licensed  for  the  work  to  which 
he  had  been  called.  The  First  Baptist  church, 
Whitefield  (now  King's  Mills),  called  a  council  of 
churches,  and  he  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist 
May  23,  1827. 

The  First  and  Second  Palermo,  Windsor,  First 
Vassalborough,  China  Village,  South  China,  Bruns- 
wick, Sidney,  Alna,  Daraariscotta,  with  other 
churches,  enjoyed  his  labors  as  an  evangelist  pre- 
vious to  his  call  to  Nobleboi'ough.  He  enjoyed 
revivals,  and  baptized  many  into  all  these  churches, 
and  also  baptized  in  New  Brunswick,  when  there 
as  a  messenger  from  the  Association  to  which  he 
belonged  to  the  Association  there. 

In  1836  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  ol.the 
First  Baptist  church,  Nobleborough,  as  successor 
to  Rev.  Phineas  PiUsbury,  and  for  thirteen  years 
faithfully  and  successfully  labored,  baptizing,  it  is 
said,  more  than  1000  persons  in  this  locality. 
During  his  ministry  here  the  church  at  Damaris- 
cotta  Mills  was  formed,  mainly  from  members  of 
the  First  church.  After  he  had  resigned  the  pas- 
torate, brethren,  in  a  section  of  the  church  called 


West  Neck,  invited  him  to  hold  a  series  of  meet- 
ings there,  at  a  time  when  the  church  was  pastor- 
less.  He  consented,  and  with  great  power  did  the 
work  go  on  ;  many  were  converted,  and  for  a  short 
time  he  supplied  the  church. 

Many  other  places  after  this  -were  blessed  with 
his  Labors,  among  them  the  Second  Nobleborough, 
South  Thomaston,  and  one  or  more  of  the  St. 
George  churches.  His  labors  were  continuous  for 
over  fifty  years,  and  in  that  time  he  had  baptized 
more  than  2200  persons. 

He  was  decided  in  his  convictions.  His  preach- 
ing was  thoroughly  evangelical.  He  was  bold  and 
fearless,  while  tender  and  loving  in  his  presenta- 
tion of  the  stern  doctrines  of  the  inspired  volume. 
The  terrible  denunciations  against  unrepented  sin, 
which  our  Saviour  so  often  uttered,  he  never  shrank 
from  proclaiming.  To  him  all  truth  in  the  Word 
of  God  was  real.  He  died  full  of  peace,  Dec.  19, 
18S0. 

Travis,  Rev.  Alexander,  one  of  the  most 
widely  useful,  and  one  of  the  most  famous  of  the 
fathers  of  fifty  years  ago.  His  ministry  was  de- 
voted mainly  to  the  planting  and  building  up  of 
churches  and  Associations  in  Southern  Alabama. 
He  was  a  pioneer  for  the  times,  eminently  suited 
to  the  work.     He  left  a  most  fragrant  memory. 

Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  Mass.,  was  pur- 
chased early  in  1843  by  Timothy  Gilbert,  S.  G. 
Shipley,  Thomas  Gould,  and  William  S.  Danwell 
for  S55,0(X).  It  had  been  the  Tremont  Theatre. 
The  deed  was  executed  in  June,  1843.  The  object 
for  which  the  edifice  was  bought  by  these  gentle- 
men was  to  secure  a  place  of  worship  for  the  Tre- 
mont Street  Baptist  church,  where  the  seats  should 
be  free,  that  there  might  be  free  seats  for  the  poor, 
and  for  strangers  coming  to  the  city  to  seek  employ- 
ment, whose  means  would  not  allow  them  to  rent 
pews  in  other  churches. 

The  purchasers,  on  their  own  responsibility,  re- 
modeled the  interior  of  the  building,  and  arranged 
the  halls,  stores,  and  other  rooms  in  a  manner  con- 
venient for  the  purposes  designed.  They  also  fur- 
nished the  edifice.  These  changes  required  an  .id- 
ditional  outlay  of  S24,2.~<4.  The  main  audience- 
room  of  the  Temple  was  90  by  80  feet,  and  seated 
2000  persons. 

It  was  used  as  aplace  of  worship  until  March  31, 
1852,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  On  the  25th 
of  May,  1853,  the  foundations  of  the  present  build- 
ing were  laid,  and  im  the  25th  of  December  follow- 
ing the  church  held  the  first  meeting  for  public 
worship  in  the  main  hall.  The  new  building,  with 
all  its  furniture,  cost  §126.814.26.  The  Kvangeli- 
cal  Baptist  Benevolent  and  Missionary  Society  was 
formed  May  11,  1858,  and  the  property  was  trans, 
ferred  to  it  on  Nov.  30,  1858.  A  lease  was  exe- 
cuted on  June  9,  1859,  granting  the  Tremont  Street 


TREMUNT    TEMl'LE,    BOSTON,     MASS.        AIDIENCE    ROOM    OF    THE    TREMONT    STREET    UAI'TIST    rill   Kill. 


TREMONT 


1164 


TRIENNIAL 


Baptist  chiircli  and  society  the  use  of  the  great  hall, 
with  its  organ  and  furniture,  durini;  the  daytime 
on  Sundays,  as  a  place  of  puhlic  worship,  and 
hasoiiient  rooms  ''  for  vestry  and  Sahhath-schools," 
on  condition  that  the  church  should  always  main- 
tain puhlic  worship  on  the  Sabbath  with  free  seats, 
and  support  a  f;ood  and  efficient  pastor. 

On  the  night  of  Auj;.  14,  1K79,  the  Temple  was 
destroyed  by  tire.  The  directors,  however,  took 
iiuuiediate  and  effective  steps  to  rebuild  it,  and 
the  denomination  now  has  an  edifice  worthy  to 
stand  beside  any  of  the  splendid  structures  that 
adorn  the  city  of  Boston,  where  the  Word  of  life 
is  regularly  dispensed  to  listening  thousands. 

The  otijects  which  the  Evangelical  Baptist  Be- 
nevolent and  Missionary  Society  aims  to  accom- 
plish are,  the  maintenance  of  evangelical  preach- 
ing in  the  Tremont  Temple,  the  employment  of 
colporteur  and  missionary  laborers  in  Boston  and 
elsewhere,  the  furnishing  of  suitable  rooms  in  the 
Temple  for  other  missionary  and  benevolent  socie- 
ties, and  generally  to  provide  for  the  spiritual  wants 
of  the  destitute. 

The  Tremont  property  is  valued  at  $230,000.  It 
brings  in  a  large  income  for  the  benevolent  objects 
for  the  promotion  of  which  the  society  exists.  The 
church  worshiping  in  the  Temple  has  a  membership 
of  1.500,  and,  under  the  able  ministry  of  F.  .M.  Ellis, 
D.D.,  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  known  and  designated  .as  the  head- 
quarters of  New  England  Baptists.  The  Missionary 
Union,  the  New  England  departments  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society  and  the  Publication  Society,  the 
AVonian's  Baptist  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary 
Societies,  and  the  Watcliman  have  rooms  in  the 
Temple.  The  Baptist  Social  Union,  composed  of 
representatives  of  the  churches  in  Boston  and  its 
vicinity,  holds  its  meetings  in  the  Temple.  It  is 
the  grand  gathering-place  of  Boston  Baptists,  and 
the  home  of  New  England  Baptist  institutions. 
The  conception  of  the  plan  which  resulted  in  the 
Temple  enterprise  was  a  magnificent  effort  of  con- 
secrated genius.  Its  execution  was  worthy  of  the 
capital  of  New  England,  and  its  success  deserves 
the  devout  gratitude  of  Baptists  everywhere.  There 
should  be  a  Tremont  Temple  in  every  large  city  in 
the  world.  Timothy  Gilbert,  S.  G.  Shipley,  Thomas 
Gould,  and  Willi.am  S.  Danwell  are  worthy  of  the 
affectionate  remembrance  of  the  friends  of  truth 
everywhere.  The  following  are  the  present  officers 
of  the  Evangelical  Baptist  Benevolent  and  Mission- 
ary Society  in  which  is  vested  the  ownership  of  the 
Temple  estate : 

President,  James  W.  Converse ;  Secretary,  Solo- 
mon Parsons ;  Treasurer,  -Joseph  II.  Converse ; 
Directors,  J.  Warren  Merrill,  J.  W.  Converse, 
George  W.  Chipman,  Joseph  Story,  Cyrus  Carpen- 
ter, Joseph  Sawyer,  Lucius  B.  Marsh,  Charles  S. 


Kendall,  S.  S.  Cudworth,  George  S.  Dexter,  Joseph 
Goodnow,  Charles  S.  Butler,  Moses  C.  Warren. 

Trestrail,  Rev.  Frederic,  many  years  one  of 
the  secretaries  of  the  English  Baptist  Missionary 
Society,  was  born  at  Falmouth,  England,  in  1803. 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  there 
in  his  youth.  The  house  of  his  parents  was  the  re- 
sort of  ministers  and  missionaries  visiting  the  port, 
and  a  zeal  for  missionary  work  was  enkindled  in 
his  heart  from  very  early  years.  In  his  twenty- 
sixth  year  he  entered  Bristol  College,  having  been 
called  by  the  church  to  ministerial  work  some 
years  previously.  At  the  end  of  his  cour.se  of 
study  he  supplied  the  church  at  Little  Wild  Street, 
London,  for  six  months.  Subsequently  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Clipstone,  whence  he  re- 
moved, after  three  years'  service,  to  Newport,  Isle 
of  Wight,  where  he  remained  five  years.  At  the 
request  of  the  Baptist  Irish  Society  he  labored  in 
Ireland  four  years,  and  when  the  secretaryship  fell 
vacant  he  received  the  appointment.  On  Dr. 
Angus's  retirement  from  the  secretaryship  of  the 
Foreign  Missionary  Society,  Mr.  Trestrail  was  re- 
quested to  take  the  office  in  conjunction  with  E. 
B.  Underbill,  LL.D.  After  twenty-one  years  of 
distinguished  service  Mr.  Trestrail  retired,  and 
has  since  sustained  the  pastor.al  relati(m  to  the 
church  at  Newport,  of  which  he  was  pastor  nearly 
thirty  years  ago.  He  has  received  significant  tokens 
of  the  high  appreciation  of  his  services,  among 
which  was  the  present,  in  1871,  of  a  check  for 
£1350. 

Triennial  Convention,  the  common  name  of 
the  '•  Baptist  General  Convention  for  Missionary 
Purposes.'' 

Origin. — In  1813  American  Baptists,  who  till 
then  had  been  chiefly  confined  to  home  missionary 
work,  without  any  general  organization,  were 
aroused  as  to  their  duty  in  respect  to  foreign 
missions  as  by  an  electric  shock.  News  arrived 
that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  .Judson  and  Mr.  Rice,  part  of 
the  first  cumpany  of  missionaries  sent  out  by 
the  American  board,  after  leaving  this  country, 
through  the  study  of  God's  Word  had  embraced 
Baptist  sentiments,  had  been  baptized  at  Seram- 
pore,  and  now  appealed  for  support  to  their  Baptist 
brethren  in  the  United  St.ates.  A  profound  senti- 
ment was  awakened.  A  local  society  was  formed 
at  Boston  imi«ediately,  which  assumed  the  support 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson.  Mr.  Rice  soon  returned 
to  America.  On  the  18th  of  May,  1814,  a  conven- 
tion of  thirty-three  delegates  "from  missionary 
societies  (of  which  many  hiid  been  formed)  and 
other  religious  liodies''  of  American  Baptists,  most 
of  them  eminent  men,  assembled  at  the  First 
church  in  Philadelphia  and  organized  "  the  Gen- 
eral Missionary  Convention  of  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation in  the  United  States  of  America  for  Foreign 


TRIENNIAL 


1165 


TRIENNIAL 


Missions."  Its  constitution  provided  for  triennial 
meetini^s,  for  two  deleirates  from  each  society  or 
otiier  religious  body  wliich  should  contrihute  an- 
nually §100,  and  for  a  board  of  manairers  to  be 
called  the  "Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  for 
the  United  States."  The  board  appointed  Mr.  Rice 
as  a  missionary  agent  to  raise  funds  in  America, 
and  adopted  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  as  its  mission- 
aries to  Burmah,  tliey  having  been  providentially 
guided  to  Rangoon,  where  they  had  settled. 

Ilistoiy  of  the  Conrention. — Triennial  meetings 
of  the  Convention  and  annual  meetings  of  the 
board  were  regularly  held.  The  presidents  were 
Richard  Furnian,  Roljt.  B.  Semple,  Spencer  H. 
Cone,  AVni.  B.  Johnson,  and  Francis  Wayland. 
Tlie  corresponding  secretaries,  who  were  the  chjef 
executive  officers,  were  Wm.  Staughton,  Lucius 
Bolles,  Solomon  Peck,  and  Robt.  E.  Pattison.  Dr. 
Peck  was  secretary  for  the  foreign  department 
when  the  Conventicm  was  merged  in  the  Missionary 
Union.  The  seat  of  operations  was  first  at  Phila- 
delphia, then  at  Washington,  and  after  1826  at 
Boston. 

The  name  and  constitution  underwent  various 
changes,  chiefly  as  operations  were  extended  be- 
yond, and  afterwards  restricted  to,  foreign  (includ- 
ing American  Indian)  missions.  The  general 
principle  as  to  membership  was  one  delegate  for 
each  annual  contribution  of  SlOO  continued  for 
three  years.  Female  auxiliaries  sent  delegates,  but 
these  were  always  men.  After  1832  the  society 
was  known  as  "  the  Baptist  General  Convention  for 
Foreign  Missions."  After  1841  the  board  ap- 
pointed from  its  own  members  an  ''acting  board" 
of  fifteen  persons  residing  in  or  near  Boston. 

In  early  times  the  annual  reports  gave  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  denomination.  These,  in  1816,  were, 
Associations,  126  ;  churches,  2.541  ;  ministers,  1558  ; 
licentiates,  365  :  baptized,  4000  ;  momliers,  158,508. 
State  Conventions  then  scarcely  existed. 

In  its  later  liistory  the  Convention  was  much 
distracted  by  the  anti-slavery  agitation.  At  length 
the  acting  board  at  Boston  having  declared,  in  re- 
sponse to  queries  of  the  Alabama  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, that  they  would  not  appoint  a  slaveholder  as 
a  missionary,  the  brethren  in  the  South,  claiming 
that  this  decision  infringed  their  equal  rights,  with- 
drew and  formed  the  "  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion." Whereupon,  in  1846,  the  Triennial  Con- 
vention was  merged  in  a  new  organization  of 
Northern  Baptists,  known  as  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  meeting  annually,  and  based 
solely  on  SlOO  life  memberships,  though  this  last 
feature  has  since  been  modified.  The  Unicm  took 
up  the  work  of  the  Convention,  except  in  the  case 
of  a  few  missionaries  amicably  transferred  to  the 
Southern  Convention. 

Foreign  Mission  Work. — The  first  mission  was 


the  Burman,  where  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson  began 
their  work  alone,  in  danger  and  discomfort,  in  the 
midst  of  a  barbarous  and  pagan  nation.  The  first 
convert,  Moung  Nau,  was  baptized  at  Rangoon 
June  27,  1X19.  by  Dr.  Judson.  Since  then  the 
work  has  spread  to  the  Karens  and  other  tribes, 
and  has  assumed  magnificent  proportions.  In  1833 
missions  wert  planted  in  France,  now  specially 
hopeful,  and  in  Siam,  where  a  good  work  has  been 
done.  About  1835  great  enthusiasm  prevailed, 
and  the  work  was  much  enlarged.  An  African 
Mission  (in  Liberia)  had  existed  ever  since  IS'23, 
though  nearly  every  white  missionary  perished 
from  the  climate.  In  1835  was  begun  the  mission 
to  China,  now  prosperous,  after  a  long  period  of 
toil  with  scanty  results.  Also  the  mission  in  Ger- 
many, where  a  wide  and  wonderful  work  has  been 
accomplished,  spreading  into  Switzerland,  Den- 
mark, Sweden,  Russia,  and  other  countries.  In 
1836  was  founded  the  Teloogoo  Mission,  so  long  a 
"  forlorn  hope,"  in  whicli  recently  there  have  been 
such  unparalleled  displays  of  divine  power.  Also 
the  mission  in  Assam,  still  prosecuted  with  much 
encouragement.  In  1837  a  mission  was  begun  in 
Hayti,  not  long  continued.  Also  in  Greece,  where 
no  large  results  have  been  realized.  Great  pecu- 
niary embarrassments  followed  this  rapid  enlarge- 
ment, and  a  heavy  debt  long  impeded  the  work. 
The  foreign  missions  of  American  Baptists  have 
been  richly  blessed,  far  beyond  those  of  any  other 
denomination  or  society.  The  most  fruitful  fields 
have  been  in  Burmah,  chiefly  among  the  Karens, 
in  Germany,  in  Sweden,  and  recently  among  the 
Teloogoos. 

Persecution  has  often  been  experienced.  Dr. 
Judson  and  his  wife  endured  terrible  sufferings  at 
the  hands  of  the  Burman  government.  Our  breth- 
ren in  Germany,  Sweden,  Denmark,  France,  and 
Russia  suffered  long  from  arbitrary  laws,  fines,  and 
imprisonments.  But  the  results  have  been  the  fur- 
therance of  the  truth  and  a  wonderful  advance  as 
to  religious  liberty. 

Indian  Missions  were  projected  as  early  as  1817, 
and  have  been  carried  on  with  great  success,  espe- 
cially among  the  Cherokees,  Creeks,  and  Choctaws. 
At  the  present  time  these  missions  (except  in  cases 
where  they  have  been  abandoned  or  have  become 
unnecessary)  are  cared  for  by  the  American  Bajv 
tist  Home  Mission  Society  or  by  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention. 

Home  Missions  were  included  in  the  sphere  of 
the  Convention  in  1S17,  but  were  never  extensively 
prosecuted,  and  were  discontinued  in  1820.  In 
1832  was  formed  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society  for  that  work. 

Editcalion. — The  establishment  of  a  collegiate 
and  theological  institution,  in  furtherance  of 
ministerial   education,   was   undertaken    in    1817. 


TRIENNIAL 


11G6 


rniNE 


This  soon  resulted  in  founding  wliat  is  now  known 
as  the  CoUinibian  University,  at  Wasliinj;ton,  with 
a  tlieolojcioal  department.  Mr.  Uice  was  a  ;reneral 
agent.  After  liS"26  the  Convention  liad  noother  care 
and  control  of  the  college  than  to  select  triennially 
fifty  persons  from  among  whom  the  trustees  of  the 
institution  were  elected.  At  the  formation  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  this  connection 
wliolly  ceased. 

liihle  Tianslation. — Baptists  have  always  been 
foremost  in  the  translation  and  circulation  of  the 
Scriptures.  Dr.  Judson  at  the  earliest  possil>le  time 
began  to  translate,  and  to  this  work  consecrated 
his  splendid  abilities  with  untiring  devotion.  Oct. 
24,  1S40,  he  completed  the  second  and  final  revision 
of  the  Burmese  Bible,  a  version  declared  by  com- 
petent judges  to  be  almost  uneipniled.  The  mis- 
sionaries of  the  Convention  and  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union  have  translated  the  Bible, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  into  the  various  Karen  and 
other  dialects  used  in  Burmah,  into  Telongoo,  Si- 
amese, Chinese,  Japanese,  and  Assamese  and  other 
dialects  used  in  Assam  ;  also  into  various  Indian 
languages  in  North  America.  These  versions  have 
been  freely  circulated.  Scripture  distril)Ution  has 
been  extensively  carried  on  in  Europe,  especially 
in  Germany.  This  is  still  vigorously  pursued  by 
the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 

This  Bible  work,  and  especially  the  Burmese 
version  of  Dr.  Judson,  was  the  occasion  of  making 
the  Convention  the  foremost  asserter  of  the  princi- 
ple of  absolute  fidelity  in  translating  the  Word 
of  God.  The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society 
having  refused  to  aid  in  printing  the  English  Bap- 
tist versions  in  India  unless  the  words  relating  to 
baptism  were  transferred  or  translated  in  a  manner 
acceptal)le  to  all  denominations,  the  American  Bap- 
tist Board  at  Salem  in  1833  declared  that  its  mis- 
sionaries must  translate  the  whole  Bible  faithfully 
and  intelligibly,  transferring  no  words  capable  of 
translation.  In  183G  the  board  of  the  American 
Bible  Society,  following  the  example  of  the  British 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  and  with  like  unfaith- 
fulness to  the  truth  and  injustice  to  its  Baptist 
members  and  contributors,  declared  that  it  would 
aid  only  snch  versions  as  were  conformed  in  their 
principles  of  translation  to  King  Jamcs"s  version, 
at  least  so  far  as  that  they  could  be  used  by  all  de- 
nominations. They  sent  a  check  for  S5000  to  aid 
in  printing  Dr.  Judsons  version,  under  this  re- 
striction. The  Baptist  board  returned  the  check. 
The  Convention  reaffirmed  the  resolutions  of  1833, 
and  called  on  the  denomination  for  means  to  carry 
on  a  faithful  Bible  work,  which  were  amply  fur- 
nished, largely  at  first  through  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  and  later,  also,  through  the 
American  Bible  Union.  English  Baptists,  who 
had  refused  to  mutilate  their  versions,  soon  after 


formed  the  "  Bible  Translation  Society."  In  1870 
the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  unani- 
mously and  solemnly  reaffirmed  the  ]iosition  taken 
by  the  Convention,  and  in  IS80  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society  declared  for  a '"  pure  trans- 
lation of  the  Word  of  God.''  Thus  the  denomina- 
tion has  the  high  lionor  of  being  the  champion, 
at  home  and  abroad,  of  the  great  principle  of  faith- 
ful translation,  and  of  steadfastly  resisting  the 
monstrous  demand  that  the  Word  of  God  shall  be 
translated  to  suit  human  opinions  and  convenience. 

Funds. — Contributions  received  in  1814,  l?1239.- 
29;  in  1816,  $12,236.84  :  1820,  $12,290.21.  After 
that,  for  nine  years,  there  was  a  falling  off  in  the 
annual  receipts  ranging  from  $3615.27.  the  lowest, 
to  $10,639,  the  highest.  In  1830,  $21,622.  After 
that  there  were  fluctuations,  but  on  an  average  view 
steady  growth,  till  in  1846  the  sum  reported  was 
$100,150.02.  Total  contributions  to  the  Conven- 
tion for  thirty-three  years,  $874,027.92. 

Missionaries. — The  whole  number  of  missiona- 
ries and  assistants  (including,  besides  ordained 
ministers,  printers,  wives  of  missionaries,  and 
other  female  assistants)  appointed  from  1814  to 
1846  was  (according  to  the  best  information  attain- 
able) 257  to  foreign  fields,  including  the  Indians, 
and  16  to  domestic.  A  few,  not  more  than  12,  did 
not  enter  on  the  service.  This  does  not  embrace 
the  great  number  of  native  preachers  and  assistants 
raised  up  on  the  field.  Among  these  missionaries 
are  many  names  that  will  never  die,  as  Judson, 
Wade,  M.ason,  Boardman,  Kincaid,  Brown,  Jones, 
Goddard,  Oncken,  Willard,  McCoy,  and  many' 
others. 

Ooiichision. — The  Baptist  General  Convention 
has  a  record  of  missionary  fidelity,  self-sacrifice, 
and  achievement  for  which  American  Baptists  may 
well  thank  God.  In  1845  its  missions  were  17,  with 
109  missionaries  and  assistant  missionaries,  of 
whom  42  were  preachers;  native  preachers  and  as- 
sistants, 123;  churches,  79;  baptisms  in  one  year, 
2593 ;  church  members,  over  5000,*  though  the  num- 
ber baptized  from  the  beginning  must  have  beer» 
sometbing  like  double  that;  schools,  56  ;  scholars, 
about  1350.  This  is  small  when  compared  with 
the  present  aggregate  statistics  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  Southern  Conven- 
tion, but  great  in  itself  and  in  its  promise.  The  Tri- 
ennial Convention  through  years  of  experiment 
and  faith,  of  toil  and  trial,  laid  the  foundations  of 
the  foreign  mission  work,  on  which  its  successors 
are  now  so  prosperously  building.  (See  articles 
on  the  Missionary  Umox,  and  on  various  mission 
fields,  and  also  on  the  Soltuerv  Battist  Coxven- 

TION.) 

Trine  Immersion  was  the  baptismal  usage  of 

*  Probably  over  1500  just  baptized  among  ttie  Karen:,  by  Wyat 
Kyan  wen-  not  yet  reported  as  cliiircli  inenibfra. 


TRINE 


1167 


TRINirr 


Christendom  from  the  end  of  the  second  to  the 
close  of  the  twelfth  century,  except  anion;;  some 
orthodox  Spaniards,  who  dipped  but  once,  and  for 
their  singularity  had  to  enlist  the  influence  of 
Pope  Gregory  the  Great  to  protect  them  from 
being  regarded  as  religious  outlaws ;  the  suc- 
cessors of  these  men,  in  the  days  of  Charlemagne, 
were  constrained  to  accept  chastisement  from  the 
celebrated  Alcuin  for  their  departure  from  the  gen- 
eral custom.  In  En^dand  trine  immersion  was  the 
usage  down  to  the  Reformation.  Prince  Arthur, 
the  brother  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  Margaret,  queen 
of  Scotland,  his  sister,  and  his  children,  Edward  VI. 
and  Queen  Elizabeth,  were  baptized  in  this  way. 
Trine  immersion  is  universal  in  llussia  now,  and 
throughout  the  Greek  and  all  the  churches  of  the 
East.  Before  the  end  of  the  second  century  no 
Christian  writer  mentions  it.  TertuUian  is  the 
first  author  who  names  it. 

If  the  Scriptures  had  been  read  after  the  third 
century  as  they  were  before  it,  and  if  Ijaptism  had 
been  translated  as  it  had  been  previously  instead 
of  being  transferred,  trine  immersion  could  not 
have  been  perpetuated.  It  is  one  thing  for  an 
error  to  creep  into  the  churches,  but  with  a  faith- 
ful Bible,  widely  read  and  reverenced,  errors  must 
perish.  Jerome,  in  his  Vulgate,  transfers  bap- 
tism, in  Eph.  iv.  5,  "One  Lord,  one  faith,  and 
one  Ijaplism."  If  Jerome  had  been  a  faithful 
reviser,  and  had  rendered  baptism  immersion,  how 
difficult  it  would  have  been  all  over  Western 
Europe,  where  his  Bible  was  read,  to  see  the 
words,  "One  Lord,  one  faith,  and  one  immersion," 
and  at  the  same  time  to  practise  trine  immersion! 
Jerome  saw  the  difficulty  even  with  the  Greek 
word  baptisma  in  Roman  letters  in  his  Latin  text ; 
and  in  the  Commentary  which  he  added  to  his  re- 
vised New  Testament  he  gives  explanations  about 
the  reason  why,  as  he  says,  "  we  are  immersed 
three  timi^.s"  (ter  mergimur). 

It  would  appear  as  if  "  baptize"  was  transferred 
into  the  Latin  Vulgate  to  hide  the  meaning  of  the 
word.  The  ordinance  had  been  enlarged  by  two 
extra  dippings,  and  increased  in  other  foolish 
ways,  but  the  Greek  word  baptism  covers  every- 
thing to  the  masses  of  readers  of  the  Vulgate. 

TertuUian  quotes  from  a  Latin  New  Testament, 
two  hundred  years  older  llian  Jerome's,  and  his 
quotations  from  it,  in  his  treatise  "  De  Baptismo," 
always  translate  the  verb  "  baptize.''  In  the  com- 
mission. Matt,  xxviii.,  it  reads,  "  Go,  teach  all 
nations,  immersing  them,"  etc.  (tinguentes).  Here 
Jerome  has  "baptizing  them."  In  Matt.  iii.  G, 
TertuUian  quotes,  "They  were  immersed  (tingue- 
bantur),  confessing  their  sins,"  cap.  13,  20;  Je- 
rome again  transfers  "  baptized."  The  New  Tes- 
tament quoted  by  TertuUian  translates  the  word, 
and  in  all   probability  it  was  one  of  the  versions 


the  revision  of  which  we  have  in  the  Vulgate  edi- 
tion. Jerome's  translation  of  the  Old  Testament 
is  more  faithful  than  bis  revision  of  the  New. 

If  Jerome  had  not  transferred  the  baptismal 
words,  and  Christians  had  continued  Biide-read- 
ing,  trine  immersion  could  not  have  been  perma- 
nently sustained  among  Bible-loving  Christians. 
There  is  absolutely  nothing  in  the  Scriptures  to 
support  it,  and  its  historical  chain  of  evidence  has 
no  links  uniting  it  to  the  apostles  or  their  times. 

Trinity,  The. — The  London  Baptist  Confession 
of  Faith  of  HUO,  in  Articles  I.  and  II..  says,  "  The 
Lord  our  God  is  but  one  God,  whose  subsistence  is 
in  himself,  whose  essence  cannot  be  comprehended 
by  any  but  himself;  who  only  hath  immortality, 
dwelling  in  the  light,  which  no  man  can  approach 
unto;  who  is  in  himself  most  holy,  every  way  in- 
finite in  greatness,  wisdom  power,  love ;  merciful 
and  gracious,  long-suffering,  and  abundant  in  good- 
ness and  truth,  who  giveth  being,  moving,  and 
preservation  to  all  creatures. 

"  In  this  divine  and  infinite  being  there  is  the 
Father,  the  Word,  and  the  Holy  Spirit,  each  having 
the  whole  divine  essence,  yet  the  essence  undivided  : 
all  infinite  without  any  beginning,  therefore  but 
one  God,  who  is  not  to  be  divided  in  nature  and 
being,  but  distinguished  by  several  peculiar  rela- 
tive properties."  In  these  terras  our  fathers  de- 
scribed the  great  Jehovah, — one  God  in  three  per- 
sons. 

The  Trinity  rests  upon  the  divinity  of  the  Father, 
Son,  and  Spirit.  The  Deity  of  the  Father  admits 
of  no  discussion.  We  shall  briefly  present  the 
reasons  which  infallibly  show  that  the  Son  is  God, 
and  that  the  Spirit  is  Jehovah. 

The  Son  of  God  had  the  Almighty  for  the  father 
of  his  human  nature,  and  the  word  "  son"  always 
has  reference  to  the  humanity  of  Christ,  either  by 
anticipation  or  as  representing  an  actual  occur- 
rence: "The  angel  answered  and  said  unto  her 
(Mary), 'The  Holy  Spirit  shall  come  upon  thee, 
and  the  power  of  the  Highest  shall  overshadow 
thee ;  therefore  also  that  holy  thing  which  sliall  be 
born  of  thee  shall  be  called  the  Son  of  God.'  " — 
Luke  i.  .35.  When  the  Saviour  says,  "My  Father 
is  greater  than  I,"  John  xiv.  28,  the  u.se  of  the 
word  "father"  shows  that  it  is  his  human  nature 
that  is  compared  to  the  divinity  of  the  Father,  and 
in  that  sense  the  Father  is  greater  than  the  Son. 
He  does  not  say  that  the  Father  is  greater  than 
tlie  Word,  the  Scriptural  name  for  the  divine  na- 
ture of  Jesus.  When  he  compares  liis  divinity  and 
the  Father's,  he  says,  "  I  and  my  Father  are  one." 
— John  X.  30.  "  Philip  saith  unto  him,  '  Lord, 
show  us  the  Father,  and  it  sufficeth  us.'  Jesus 
saith  unto  him,  '  Have  I  been  so  long  time,  with 
you,  and  yet  h.ast  thou  not  known  me,  Philip"?' 
He  that  liath  seen  me  hath  seen  the  Father,  and 


TRINITY 


1168 


TRINITY 


how  sayest  thou  then,  'Show  us  the  Father?'" 
From  this  it  is  evident  that  the  divinity  of  the  Son 
is  as  lil^e  that  of  tlie  Father  as  the  resemblance 
between  two  new  gold  coins  struck  in  the  same 
mint,  and  having  tlie  same  wci<j;ht  and  the  same 
stamp, — they  are  alike  but  not  identical.  All  ref- 
erences to  tlie  subjection  of  the  Son  to  the  Father 
a|iply  exclusively  to  his  human  nature.  In  his 
divinity  he  is  a  perfect  likeness  of  the  Father,  "  the 
brightness  of  his  glory,  and  the  express  image  of 
his  person." — Ileb.  i.  3.  The  word  translated  "  ex- 
press image"  is  x''1>"k'"IP^  i'"d  it  teaches  us  that 
Christ  bears  the  same  ^^  stamp''  of  divinity  as  his 
Father,  that  he  is  his  "  exact  and  perfect  resem- 
blance or  counterpart.''  John  says,  "  In  the  begin- 
ning was  the  Word,  and  the  Word  was  with  God, 
and  the  Word  was  God,  and  the  Word  was  made 
flesh  and  dwelt  among  us.  " — John  i.  1,  14.  "The 
beginning"  was  before  the  birth  of  the  ages  and 
the  worlds,  and  the  Word  existed  then  ;  and  the 
Word  was  with  God,  as  an  individual  member  of 
the  Trinity,  and  he  was  God ;  and  the  Word  was 
made  flesh  in  the  person  of  Jesus.  Christ,  the 
Logos,  is  solemnly  pronounced  God  by  the  inspired 
apostle.  The  word  Logos  means  that  Christ  is  the 
spokesman  of  the  Trinity,  the  revealer  of  God,  who 
manifested  Jehovah  in  creation,  in  redemption, 
"and  in  every  appearance  of  the  Deity  under  all 
dispensations. 

Omniscience  is  ascribed  to  Christ :  "  We  must  all 
appear  before  thejudgment-seat  of  Christ,  that  every 
one  may  receive  tlie  things  done  in  his  body,  accord- 
ing to  that  he  hath  done,  whether  it  be  good  or  bad." 
— 2  Cor.  v.  10.  To  discharge  the  duties  of  this  office 
he  must  have  a  perfect  knowledge  of  every  human 
heart,  and  of  every  event  in  the  lives  of  all  man- 
kind. Little  wonder  that  I'eter  said,  "  Lord,  thou 
knowestall  things,  thou  knowest  that  I  love  thee." 
— John  xxi.  17.  Everything  in  the  dusty  past,  in 
the  hazy  present,  in  the  misty  future,  in  this  earth 
and  in  every  other  world,  is  completely  exposed 
before  him. 

Omnipotence  belongs  to  him.  Paul  says  of 
Christ,  "  By  him  were  all  things  created,  that  are 
in  heaven,  and  that  are  in  earth,  visible  and  in- 
visible, whether  they  be  thrones,  or  dominions,  or 
principalities,  or  powers:  all  things  were  created 
by  him  and  for  him." — -Col.  i.  16.  We  can  conceive 
no  wider  stretch  of  power  than  the  ability  needed 
to  create  the  universe  of  worlds.  And  it  has  no 
equal  unless  it  be  the  might  needed  to  sustain  his 
vast  creations,  and  this  is  attributed  to  Christ. 
Paul  describes  him,  "  As  upholding  all  things  by 
the  word  of  his  power." — Heb.  i.  3.  The  word  of 
Jesus  has  sufiicient  weight  to  support  myriads  of 
worlds,  and  he  must  be  the  Almighty. 

lie  is  omnipresent:  "Where  two  or  three  are 
gathered  together  in  my  name,  there  am  I  in  the 


midst  of  them." — Matt,  xviii.  20.  Thus,  on  the 
Lord's  day,  he  must  be  in  a  multitude  of  places  at 
the  same  time. 

He  is  unchangeable :  "  Jesus  Christ,  the  same 
yesterday,  to-day,  and  forever." — Ileb.  xiii.  .5. 
Men  are  constantly  varying  in  soul  and  body,  God 
changes  not.     Christ  is  therefore  the  Lord  God. 

Jesus  could  not  have  merits  before  Jehovah  if  he 
were  only  a  creature.  God  claims  from  each  man 
the  love  and  service  of  his  whole  being  ;  if  he  gives 
it,  he  only  renders  to  the  Lord  a  just  debt.  He  can- 
not go  beyond  it.  "  The  blood  of  Jesus  Christ,  his 
Son,  cleanses  us  from  all  sin''  (1  John  i.  7),  .and, 
as  a  consequence,  he  was  above  creature  relations 
and  obligations,  and  had  something  to  which  no 
being  had  a  claim.  He  was  omnipotent,  and  could 
bear  the  sin  and  pains  which  would  have  crushed 
the  elect  in  the  woes  of  unending  despair;  as  God 
he  had  merits,  as  a  creature  he  could  have  none. 
He  is  "  the  first  and  the  last,"  the  eternal  Jehovah  : 
"  Being  in  the  form  of  God,  he  thought  it  not  rob- 
bery to  be  equal  with  God." — Phil.  ii.  6.  And  as 
Paul  again  says,  "  Whose  are  the  fathers,  and  of 
whom  as  concerning  the  flesh  Christ  came,  who  is 
over  all,  God  blessed  forever." — Rom.  ix.  5.  Little 
wonder  that  Thomas  exclaimed,  as  he  saw  him 
after  his  resurrection,  "  My  Lord  and  my  God." 
— John  XX.  28.  The  Saviour  himself  says,  "The 
Father  judgeth  no  man,  but  hath  committed  all 
judgment  unto  the  Son,  that  all  men  should  honor 
the  Son  even  as  they  honor  the  Father." — John  v. 
22,  23.     Christ  has  divine  honors. 

The  Holy  Spirit  is  Jehovah.  "  Except,"  says 
Christ,  "  a  man  be  born  of  water  and  of  the  Spirit 
he  cannot  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  God." — John 
iii.  5.  It  follows  that  all  who  are  truly  in  Christ's 
gospel  kingdom  are  born  of  the  Spirit;  and  as  the 
new  Ijirth  is  blessing  men  in  myriads  of  places  at 
the  same  time  he  must  be  everywhere  present. 
And,  besides,  it  is  expressly  said  of  those  who  are 
born  again,  that  they  are  "  born,  not  of  blood,  nor 
of  the  will  of  the  flesh,  nor  of  the  will  of  men,  but 
of  God.'' — John  i.  13.  The  Spirit,  according  to 
this  statement,  is  God. 

Peter  asks  Ananias,  "  Why  hath  Satan  filled  thine 
heart  to  lie  to  the  Holy  Spirit'/"  And  he  adds, 
"  Thou  hast  not  lied  unto  men,  but  unto  God." — 
Acts  V.  3,  4.  According  to  inspired  Peter,  lying 
to  the  Holy  Spirit  was  stating  a  falsehood  to  God. 
Peter  on  another  occasion  says,  "  Holy  men  of  God 
spake  as  they  were  moved  by  the  Holy  Spirit." — 
1  Peter  i.  21.  And  Paul  speaking  of  the  writings 
of  these  very  men,  asserts  that  "  all  Scripture  is 
given  by  inspiration  of  God." — 2  Tim.  iii.  16.  It 
follows  that  he  who  moved  holy  men  of  old  to 
write  prophecy  was  God  the  Spirit.  The  Spirit, 
who  regenerated  Paul,  and  all  believers,  and  who 
carries  on  the  work  of  grace  in  many  millions  of 


TRINITY 


1169 


TRIPP 


earthly  hearts  at  this  hour,  and  who  will  continue 
it  until  they  reach  glory,  is  God,  in  all  his  greatness 
and  love. 

Tlic  three  divine  persons  are  one  God.  This  is 
a  great  mystery ;  but  not  greater  than  the  mys- 
teries presented  by  some  of  the  material  objects 
around  us.  We  cannot  understand  the  mode  by 
which  certain  agencies  produce  the  wood  of  a  tree, 
and  its  bark,  foliage,  blossoms,  and  fruit ;  or  the 
way  by  which  human  food  makes  bones,  and  flesh, 
and  skin,  and  hair,  and  nails.  'I'liese  are  mysteries, 
but  we  believe  them  freely,  though  we  do  not  un- 
derstand the  process  of  development.  In  one  sense 
Father,  Son,  and  Spirit  are  tliree  persons,  and  in 
another  they  are  one.  "  Webster's  Dictionary" 
defines  the  Trinity  as  tlie  union  of  three  persons 
(the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Spirit)  in  (me 
Godhead,  so  that  all  the  three  are  one  God  as  to 
substance,  but  three  persons  as  to  individuality." 
This  is  in  the  main  the  doctrine  of  the  trinity,  as 
held  by  all  the  great  communities  of  Christendom. 
St.  Patrick  is  represented  as  illustrating  this  triple 
union  by  the  shamrock.  That  kind  of  wild  clover 
lias  a  single  stem,  and  three  distinct  and  equal 
leaves;  it  is  one  at  the  stem,  and  three  at  the 
leaves.  A  converted  Indian  is  reported  to  have 
compared  this  wonderful  union  of  three  sacred 
persons  to  a  river  in  winter,  frozen  over,  with  snow 
lying  on  the  ice  ;  there  was  the  running  water,  the 
crystal  covering,  and  the  snow,  the  three  forms  of 
one  material  element,  being  distinct  from  each 
other,  and  yet  united  in  location  and  element.  But 
this  mystery  is  incapable  of  illustration.  It  is, 
however,  clearly  taught  in  the  Scriptures. 

The  divine  command  to  baptize  is,  "  Go  ye  there- 
fore and  teacli  all  nations,  baptizing  them  in  the 
name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the 
Holy  Spirit." — Matt,  xxviii.  lit.  In  this  "  great 
commission"  the  Son  and  Spirit  are  placed  on  an 
exact  equality  with  the  Father.  If  he  is  Jehovah 
so  are  they.  In  opposition  to  all  gainsayers,  these 
words,  till  the  deatli-kmdl  of  time  shall  be  reached, 
will  proclaim  the  Trinity  of  persons  in  the  God- 
head. 

In  2  Cor.  xiii.  14,  we  read,  "The  grace  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  love  of  God,  and  the 
communion  of  the  Holy  Ghost  be  with  you  all." 
Here  the  grace  of  Christ  and  the  communion  of 
the  Spirit  are  placed  on  the  same  grand  level  with 
the  love  of  the  Father.  If  the  words  ran,  "The 
love  of  God,  the  grace  of  Moses,  and  the  commu- 
nion of  Elijah  be  with  you  all,"  they  would  out- 
rage the  whole  Christian  family,  and  proclaim  an 
impossible  equality  of  creatures  with  their  Maker. 
The  commission  and  the  Iienedietion  show  beyond 
all  doubt  the  equal  divinity  of  Father,  Son,  and 
Spirit.  We  might  refer  to  many  other  Scripture 
testimonies,  but  our  space  is  limited. 


As  the  Bible  repeatedly  utters  the  sentiment  in 
Deut.  vi.  4,  "  Hear,  0  Israel,  the  Lord  our  God  is 
one  Lord,"  there  must  be  in  the  Deity  a  perfect 
oneness  ;  and  as  the  same  infallible  authority  places 
Father,  Son,  and  Spirit  as  equals  in  (mllKiritij  in  all 
other  divine  attributes  and  in  savimj  puwer,  that 
one  God  must  exist  in  three  per.sons.  The  writer 
once  saw^  on  a  mountain-side  three  magnificent  trees 
rising  up  apparently  from  one  set  of  roots,  and 
close  to  the  roots  there  was  a  clear  spring  of  de- 
licious water;  the  sun  was  shining  warmly  and 
brightly,  and  the  prospect  was  extensive  and  even 
glorious.  The  Trinity  was  suggested  by  the  entire 
scene,  and  the  saving  office  of  each  person  of  it: 
the  grace  of  the  Son,  the  love  of  the  Father,  and 
the  communion  of  the  Spirit  making  a  fountain  of 
life  for  the  perishing,  willi  healing  beams  from  the 
sun  of  righteousness,  and  blessed  prospects  of  the 
heavenly  Canaan. 

Tripp,  Rev.  Henry,  from  1831  to  his  death,  in 
1863,  had  his  home  in  Franklin,  Lenawee  Co., 
Mich.,  and  his  field  of  ministerial  labor  in  that  and 
in  adjoining  towns.  He  was  a  member  of  the  church 
in  Bristol,  England,  under  l{obert  Hall's  ministry  ; 
became  a  sailor  in  the  English  navy,  and  afterwards 
in  our  own  under  Decatur.  He  went  early  as  a 
missionary  from  England  to  the  AVest  Indies,  and 
was  greatly  loved  by  the  negroes  as  their  true  friend, 
both  there  and  ever  afterwards  in  this  ctmntry.  lie 
was  tireless  in  his  preactiing  labors,  usually  with 
no  compensation  but  that  received  from  the  Master 
alone.  His  character  and  labors  won  the  highest 
confidence  of  all,  and  he  departed  at  eighty-two 
years  of  age,  rich  in  the  esteem  of  the  good.  His 
son,  Robert  Hall  Tripp,  has  been  Professor  of  Latin 
in  the  State  University  of  Minnesota. 

Tripp,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Dartmouth  (now 
Fairhaven),  Mass.,  March  25,  1761.  lie  developed 
when  very  young  an  ardent  passion  for  study,  but 
the  opportunities  for  gratifying  his  desire  for  learn- 
ing were  of  the  most  limited  character.  Where, 
however,  there  is  a  will  there  is  generallv  a  way. 
He  managed  to  procure  some  Greek  and  Latin 
books,  and  did  what  he  could  to  obtain  a  knowledge 
of  these  languages.  Then  came  the  wish  to  be  use- 
ful in  the  Christian  ministry,  and  the  desire  ripened 
into  a  resolution,  and  the  resolution  into  action. 
After  preaching  for  a  period  in  different  places  he 
was  ordained  in  Carver,  Mass.,  in  September,  1791. 
Here  he  remained  until  the  inadequacy  of  the  sup- 
port he  received  forced  him  to  resign.  His  next 
settlement  was  in  Hebron,  Me.,  where  he  com- 
menced his  labors  on  the  3d  of  July,  1798.  Here 
he  had  a  most  successful  pastorate  for  forty-five 
years.  The  Spirit  of  God  was  richly  poured  out  on 
his  flock  from  time  to  time,  and  it  grew  in  numbers 
and  in  grace.  At  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-six 
and  a  half  years  he  passed  on  to  receive  the  reward 


TROTMAN 


1170 


TUCKER 


of  "  a  good  and  fivitliful  servant."  His  death  oc- 
curred Sept.  16,  1.S4T. 

Trotman,  Rev.  ftuentin  H.— The  largest  Asso- 
ciation in  Nortli  (.Carolina  is  the  Chowan,  which 
numbers  upwards  of  10,0U0  communicants,  and 
for  thirty  years  the  most  popular  and  influential 
man  in  this  large  body  was  (J.  II.  Trotman.  He 
was  born  in  Perquimans  Co.,  N.  C,  Jan.  27,  180.5. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  married.  He  was  at 
tliis  time,  and  fur  several  years  aftorwanls,  notorious 
for  his  wickedness,  but  it  was  his  good  fortune  to 
have  a  praying  wife,  and  the  desire  of  her  heart 
was  accouiplished  when,  in  April,  1828,  she  saw 
him  baptized  liy  Uev.  Robert  T.  Daniel.  He  began 
to  preach  in  1830,  and  having  been  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  Sandy  Cross  church,  (Jates  Co.,  he 
was  ordained  by  Revs.  Jeremiah  Etliridge  and  John 
Howell  in  1831.  AVith  the  exception  of  one  year, 
1833,  spent  in  Raleigh  as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  there,  be  remained  the  pastor  of  the  Sandy 
Cross  church  till  just  before  his  death.  He  lost 
his  sight  in  18.59,  but  continued  to  preach,  a  friend 
reading  for  him.  His  wife  died  in  Feliruary,  1802, 
and  he  quickly  followed  her,  dying  in  the  triumphs 
of  faith  on  the  9th  of  May  of  the  same  year. 

Mr.  Trotman  was  a  strong  Baptist,  and  fond  of 
controversy.  So  important  a  place  did  he  believe 
baptism  to  occupy  in  the  gospel  system  that  lie 
once  told  the  writer  that  if  he  should  renieml)er, 
after  death,  that  he  had  ever  preaclied  a  sermon 
without  mentioning  baptism  he  would  turn  over  in 
his  grave.  He  was  a  natural  orator  of  great  powi'r, 
a  bold,  fearless,  generous,  n(jljle  man,  a  born  ruler 
of  assemlilies,  a  king  among  men,  and  lie  did  more 
to  extend  Baptist  principles  in  the  State  than  any 
man  of  liis  day. 

True,  Rev.  Benjamin  Osgood,  son  of  Roubcm 

and  Hannah  (Duncan)  True,  was  born  in  Plain- 
field,  N.  11.,  Dec.  21,  1845;  fitted  for  college  at 
Kimball  Union  Academy,  N.  H.  ;  graduated  from 
Dartmontii  ('ollege  in  1860,  and  from  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  in  1870;  pastor  at  Baldwins- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  1870-73  ;  pastor  at  Meriden,  Conn., 
from  1873-79;  traveled  eight  months  in  Europe  in 
1872,  and  one  year  in  Europe  and  the  East  in 
1879-80;  settled  with  Central  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  1,  1880  ;  an  able  and  suc- 
cessful pastor. 

Trustees  are  not  officers  of  a  church  required 
by  the  New  Testament,  but  by  the  state.  Nor  are 
they  peculiar  to  churches  ;  they  must  be  appointed 
by  all  benevolent,  incorporated  .locieties,  owning 
property.  They  have  no  authority  over  the  mem- 
bership of  tlie  church  in  any  of  their  religious  acts 
or  privileges  ;  they  simply  represent  the  church  in 
managing  its  property.  Neither  have  they  any 
control  over  the  minister  in  electing  him,  dismiss- 
in''  him,  or  interfering  with  his  use  of  the  church 


edifice  for  any  of  the  regular  religious  services  of 
his  people,  or  for  any  of  the  proper  and  customary 
functions  of  his  office.  But  in  all  other  matters 
they  represent  the  owners  of  the  church  property, 
and  control  it  in  accordance  with  the  authority 
conferred  upon  them  by  law. 

As  their  duties  are  purely  financial,  the  congre- 
gation, as  well  as  the  church,  is  often  represented 
in  the  board  of  trustees,  and  frequently  this  repre- 
sentation is  deniandc^d  by  the  charter.  This  feature 
in  the  composition  of  boards  of  trustees  works  well 
where  it  has  been  tried  ;  of  course  the  majority  of 
every  such  body  will  belong  to  the  church. 

Tryon,  Rev.  William  Melton,  eldest  son  of 
AVilliam  and  Jane  (Philips)  'fiyon,  was  born  in 
the  city  of  Now  York  on  the  lOth  of  March,  1809 -, 
was  converted  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  Chas.  G.  Sommers,  D.D. ;  united  with 
the  church  at  Augusta,  Oa.,  Dec.  30,  1832 ;  was 
licensed;  pursued  studies  for  the  ministry  three 
years  at  Mercer  Institute  (now  University)  ;  served 
for  some  time  the  churches  at  Wiishington,  Lump- 
kin, and  Columbus.  In  1837  accepted  the  call  to 
the  pastoral  care  of  Eufaula  church  ;  great  success 
attended  his  labors.  At  the  close  of  1839  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  church  at  Wetumpka,  Ala.; 
served  one  year.  In  1841  he  removed  to  Texas 
under  the  patronage  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  and  settled  in  Washing- 
ton County ;  served  Independence,  Providence, 
Burleson  Co.,  and  Providence,  Washington  Co., 
churches.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Houston,  where 
he  built  up  a  large  and  prosperous  church.  For 
sometime  previous  to  his  death  be  had  a  strong  pre- 
sentiment that  he  had  not  much  longer  time  to  live. 
When  the  yellow  fever  appeare<l  in  Houston,  in 
1847,  he  remained  at  bis  post  discharging  his  duty 
until  prostrated  himself  by  the  fever.  After  an 
illness  of  ten  days,  he  died  Nov.  16,  1847,  in  the 
thirty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Judge  Baylor  said 
of  him,  "lie  bad  a  rare  combination  of  excel- 
lences." "  With  him  originated  the  project  of  es- 
tablishing a  Baptist  university  in  Texas.  He  first 
suggested  the  idea,  and  I  immediately  fell  in  with  it. 
Very  soon  after  we  sent  a  memorial  to  the  Congress 
of  the  republic.  As  I  was  most  familiar  with  such 
things.  I  dictated  the  memorial,  and  he  wrote  it." 

Tucker,  Rev.  George,  a  prominent  minister  in 
Louisiana,  was  liorn  in  Tennessee,  Dec.  12,  1800; 
has  held  nmny  prominent  pastorates,  as  Columbus, 
Miss.,  Jackson,  Tenn.,  Marshall  and  Houston, 
Texas,  and  First  Baptist  church,  Shreveport,  La.  ; 
has  presided  over  the  Baptist  Conventions  of  Mis- 
sissippi and  Louisiana;  was  a  major  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  also  postmaster  at  Shreveport, 
La.  During  his  ministry  he  has  baptized  1400 
persons.  He  still  does  effective  service  as  an 
evangelist. 


TUCKER 


1171 


TUCKER 


Tucker,  Henry  Holcombe,  D.D.,  LL.S.,  editor 
of  the  ChristUiii  Index,  and  perhaps  the  most  bril- 
liant Baptist  Georgia  has  produced,  was  lH)rn  in 
Warren  County,  May  10,  ISl'J.  Ilis  father  was  the 
son  of  a  wealthy  planter,  and  was  a  man  of  culture 
and  elegant  address.  His  mother  was  a  daugliter 
of  Rev.  Ilenry  llolcomhe,  D.D.    Both  families  came 


IIENRV    noi.COMBF.    TICKER,    D.I).,    I,I..D. 

from  Virginia,  where  the  former,  especially,  is  well 
known  and  distinguished.  AV^hen  a  mere  child, 
young  Tucker  was  taken  to  Philadelpliia.  where, 
with  occasional  interruptions,  he  remained  until 
he  was  eighteen  or  nineteen  years  old. 

He  received  his  preparatory  education  at  tlie  aca- 
demicdepartmentof  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Having  gone  through  a  marvelous  amount  of  most 
exacting  drill  in  Latin  and  (ireek,  he  entered  the 
university  as  Freshman  in  l.S:i4,  and  remained  until 
Senior  iialf  advanced,  when  he  entered  tlie  Senior 
class  of  Columl)ian  College,  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  he  was  graduated  A.B.  in  1838.  Years 
passed  by,  and  in  1840  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Forsyth,  Monroe  Co.,  Ga.  He  practised  his 
profession  until  1S4S,  wlien  he  abandoned  it  to 
enter  tlie  Christian  ministry.  Selling  his  law 
books,  he  repaired  to  Mercer  University  to  receive 
private  instruction  from  its  venerable  president. 
Dr.  Dagg.  His  desire  was  to  enter  fully  and  at 
once  into  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry,  but 
strong  ]iressurp  was  brought  to  bear  U|)on  him,  and 
he  was  induced  reluctantly  to  give  up  his  jilans  and 
become  an  educator.  He  tauglit  young  ladies  for 
two  or  tliree  years  in  the  Southern  Female  College, 


La  Grange,  Ga.,  and  afterwards,  for  a  short  time, 
in  the  Kichmond  Female  Institute,  Richmond,  Va. 
In  18.0fi  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Bclles-Lettres 
and  Metaphysics  in  Mercer  University,  which  po- 
sition he  held  until  1NG2,  when  the  institution  was, 
in  a  measure,  broken  up  by  the  war.  In  18()f>  he 
was  unanimously  elected  president  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity, and  it  was  during  his  administration  that 
the  university  was  removed  from  Pen  Held  to  Macon. 
He  has  the  credit  of  being  one  of  the  chief  promo- 
ters of  that  change.  Resigning  the  presidency  of 
Mercer  University  in  1S71,  he  went  to  Kurope, 
taking  his  family  with  him,  and  was  absent  over 
a  year.  While  there  he  assisted  in  the  formation 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Rome,  and  baptized  a  man 
in  the  Tiber,  probably  the  first  time  such  an  act  was 
performed  there  since  the  days  of  the  early  Chris- 
tians. While  in  Paris  lie  officiated  during  a  large 
part  of  one  winter  in  the  American  chapel.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Georgia,  a  position  which  he  filled  four  years. 
He  is  now  the  editor-in-chief  of  the  Christian 
Index,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  the  zenitli  of  his  powers, 
and  wiehling  a  pen  of  unusual  brilliancy. 

I'r.  Tucker  was  a  regular  pastor  but  once  only,  in 
1854,  at  Alexandria,  Va.  Failing  health  compelled 
his  resignation  in  less  than  a  year,  but  he  has  never 
ceased  to  preach,  and  in  many  of  the  cities  and 
towns  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  frnni  Maine  to  Geor- 
gia, he  lias  proclaimed  the  truths  of  the  gospel. 
His  sermons  always  attract  and  delight  large 
throngs  by  their  originality,  great  vigor  of  thought 
and  expression,  and  intense  earnestness.  A  re- 
markable sermon  of  his  on  "Baptism,"  preached 
at  Saratoga  in  1879,  was  published  by  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  commanded  very 
general  attention  because  of  its  originality.  Aljout 
1855  he  puldishcd  a  series  of  letters  on  "  Religious 
Liberty,"  addressed  to  the  Hon.  Alexander  II. 
Stephens,  which  were  widely  copied  all  over  the 
United  States.  lie  has  also  published  a  number 
of  sermons  and  addresses,  one  of  the  best  of  which 
is  ''The  Right  and  the  Wrong  Way  of  raising 
Money  for  Religious  and  Benevolent  Purposes." 
In  1868,  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  published  for  him 
a  small  volume  entitled  "The  Gospel  in  Enoch," 
which  excited  much  attention  by  its  originality. 
Dr.  Tucker"s  style  of  writing  is  polished  and  schol- 
arly, racy,  manly,  pungent,  and  strongly  Saxon, 
and,  like  his  thoughts,  logical  and  lucid.  It  never 
wearies,  but  always  enchains  and  sparkles.  His 
manner  of  speaking  is  bold,  candid,  and  fearless, 
lie  is  a  logician  by  nature  as  well  as  by  culture. 
His  tone  of  mind  is  decidedly  practical.  He  op- 
posed secession,  and  debated  the  issue  publicly  : 
but  when  the  war  commenced  he  took  sides  with 
his  own  people,  and,  from  first  to  last,  co-operated 
heartily  with  the  Confederates.     One  of  the  first  to 


TUCKER 


1172 


TUCKERS 


foresee  the  salt  famine,  he  earnestly  advocated  the 
manufacture  of  salt,  and  soon  became  the  president 
of  a  large  salt  manufacturing  company.  When 
smallpox  prevailed  in  the  country,  he  provided 
himself  with  pure  vaccine  virus  and  a  lancet,  and 
vaccinated  all,  old  and  youni:,  black  and  white, 
whom  he  found  willing  to  submit  to  the  opera- 
tion. He  was  the  author  and  founder  of  the 
"Georgia  Relief  and  Hospital  Association,"  an 
institution  which  corresponded  largely  with  the 
Northern  Christian  Commission,  and  which  car- 
ried aid  and  comfort  to  tens  of  thousands  of  sick 
and  wounded  and  dying  Confederate  soldiers. 
The  institution  was  very  popular  with  the  South- 
ern people,  and  enormous  contributions  to  its  sup- 
port were  made. 

He  was  baptized,  in  1834,  in  the  river  Dela- 
ware, bj'  the  elder  Brantly,  and  was  ordained  at 
La  Grange,  Ga.,  in  1851.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  the  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington City,  in  1860,  and  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  liy  Mercer  University  in  1S76. 

A  most  entertaining  companion,  he  is  a  pro- 
found theologian,  a  well-informed  man  on  all  sub- 
jects, with  a  highly-cultured  intellect. 

Tucker,  Rev.  J.  H.,  president  of  Keachi  Female 
College,  La.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1829;  was 
educated  at  Union  Universitj',  Tenn.  ;  for  several 
years  engaged  in  teaching;  in  1855  was  Professor 
of  Mathematics  in  Mount  Lebanon  L'niversity,  La.  ; 
in  1856  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Shreveport, 
La. ;  elected  president  of  Keachi  Female  College 
in  1858,  a  position  which  he  held  until  the  war. 
He  resumed  the  position  in  1871.  AYliile  teaching 
he  has  preached  regularly  to  churches  in  the  sur- 
rounding country.  He  has  served  three  years  as 
president  of  Louisiana  Baptist  Convention,  and 
six  years  as  moderator  of  Grand  Cane  Association. 
He  is  a  man  of  fine  executive  abilities,  a  clear 
head,  sound  judgment,  and  a  kind  heart. 

Tucker,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  born  in  Halifax,  Vt., 
Oct.  0,  1827,  and  was  baptized  in  1835.  He  w.as 
for  some  time  engaged  in  teaching  and  preaching, 
while  he  was  fitting  for  college.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  College  in  the  class  of  1854.  He  studied 
for  a  while  at  Newton,  and  completed  his  theologi- 
cal education  at  Rochester,  where  he  graduated  in 
1860.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Plea.sant 
Street  church  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Aug.  ,S0,  I860, 
where  he  remained  a  little  more  than  a  year.  He 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  South  Dedham, 
Mass.,  in  the  fall  of  1862,  where  he  secured  a 
strong  hold  upon  the  affections  of  his  church.  His 
health  failing,  his  people  gave  him  leave  of  ab- 
sence, and  he  tried  the  effect  of  the  climate  of  Min- 
nesota, hoping  that  it  might  arrest  the  progress  of 
the  pulmonary  disease  from  which  he  was  suffer- 
ing.    The  experiment  proved  a  failure,  and  on  his 


return  home  he  was  so  prostrated  that  he  was 
obliged  to  stop  at  Chicago,  where  he  died  Jan.  13, 
1864. 

Tucker,  Rev.  W.  H.,  at  present  engaged  as  a 
missionary  in  New  Orleans,  was  born  in  1,840. 
While  a  soldier  in  Virginia  he  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Burrows,  in  Richmond,  in  1864,  and  began  to 
preach  at  his  home  at  Pontchoutula,  La.,  in  1865 ; 
pastor  at  Magnolia,  Miss.,  in  1868;  sub.sequently 
pastor  at  Crawfordsville,  Bethesda,  and  Sharon 
churches,  in  Columbus  (Miss.)  Association;  edited 
the  Orphans'  Friend  and  preached  at  Orphan 
Asylum  at  Lauderdale,  Miss.;  pastor  at  Sardis 
and  Batesville ;  after  the  death  of  the  lamented 
Dr.  Wilson,  he  supplied  the  Coliseum  Place  church, 
New  Orleans,  for  some  time,  and  is  at  present 
laboring  in  the  city  under  appointment  of  the 
board  of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  Convention. 

Tuckers,  The  Five  Brothers. — Elislm  was  born 
in  Rensselaerville,  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  24, 
1794 ;  when  twelve  years  old  he  was  baptized.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Coventry, 
Chenango  Co.,  Aug.  19,  1818  ;  in  August,  1822,  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  in  Fredonia.  In  this  as 
in  the  first  field  he  labored  successfully  until  the 
outbreak  of  that  violent  epidemic  known  as  the 
anti-Masonic  agitation  in  1826.  Mr.  Tucker  was 
a  Mason,  and  he  was  a  brave  man,  who  would  not 
permit  even  Baptists  to  restrain  his  freedom.  He 
had  to  defend  himself  before  a  council,  which  ac- 
quitted him,  and  in  a  community  which  was  pre- 
judiced against  an  institution  which  he  showed  to 
be  purely  fraternal,  and  he  survived  the  excitement 
and  unkind  feeling,  and  his  reputation  outlived  that 
of  the  Masonic  wrecks  around  who  yielded  to  the 
tempest.  In  September,  1831,  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Buffalo,  and  in  Sep- 
tember, 1836,  he  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the 
Second  church  of  Rochester,  and  in  1841  he  took 
charge  of  the  Oliver  Street  church.  N.  Y.  In  1848 
he  removed  to  Chicago;  that  year  Madi.^on  Uni- 
versity conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity.  In  the  spring  of  1851  he  was  compelled 
to  suspend  regular  labor,  though  his  church  would 
not  permit  him  to  resign.  He  died  Dec.  29,  1853. 
Dr.  Tucker  was  an  able,  independent,  courteous, 
devout,  and  successful  minister  of  Jesus.  His 
brother  Levi  was  born  in  Broome,  Schoharie  Co., 
N.  Y.,  July  6,  1804.  He  was  converted  in  his  six- 
teenth year.  He  graduated  in  Hamilton  in  1829, 
and  soon  after  he  left  college  he  was  ordained  at 
Deposit,  N.  Y.  In  the  two  years  of  his  first  pas- 
torate he  baptized  174  persons.  In  1831  he  ac- 
cepted the  call  of  the  Blockley  church,  West  Phil- 
adelphia. Pa.,  where  he  labored  five  years.  From 
West  Philadelphia  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  0., 
and  bestowed  seven  years  of  service  upon  the  church 
in  that  city;  his  next  field  was  Buffalo,  to  which 


TUGGLE 


1173 


TUPPER 


he  gave  six  years.  In  December,  1848,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Bowiioin  Place  church,  Boston,  with 
which  he  continued  till  1S52,  when,  unable  to  work 
for  the  Master,  he  resigned.  lie  visited  Europe  for 
health,  and  on  his  return  his  disease  gained  the 
mastery  over  him,  and  he  passed  away  Aug.  20, 
l)S.i3.  In  every  pastorate  he  was  successful. 
During  his  ministry  he  baptized  784,  and  he  re- 
ceived into  his  churches  .502  otherwise.  Charles 
was  born  in  Broome,  .Schoharie  Co.,  X.  Y.,  in  April, 
1809.  He  was  converted  in  his  nineteenth  year; 
after  a  brief  union  with  the  Presbyterian  Church 
he  adopted  Scriptural  teachings  about  baptism,  and 
was  immersed  into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  of 
Depo'iit.  lie  was  educated  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
and  Haddington.  Pa.  ;  in  1837  he  was  ordained  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  church  of  Milesburg,  Pa. ;  two 
and  a  half  years  later  he  took  ch.ari:e  of  the  church 
at  Jersey  Shore ;  after  si.x  year.s"  labor  he  was 
called  to  the  Tabernacle  church.  Philadelphia,  and 
in  it  he  toiled  for  the  Master  until  he  was  called 
home,  in  September,  1850. 

Anson  Tucker,  another  of  the  five  brothers  who 
were  preachers,  was  an  eloquent  and  useful  minis- 
ter. He  was  born  at  Broome,  Schoharie  Cn..  N.  Y., 
June  8, 1811.  His  father,  Charles  Tucker,  who  lived 
ti  be  eighty-four  years  of  age,  was  himself  in  his 
later  life  a  licensed  preacher.  At  the  time  of  his 
conver.sion,  Anson  Tucker  was  a  teacher  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  attended  upon  the  ministry  of  his 
brother.  Rev.  Levi  Tucker.  lie  studied  for  the 
ministry  at  Haddington  College,  and  was  ordained 
in  1835.  His  pastorates  were  at  Sardinia  and  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  Norwalk,  0.,  Adrian,  Mich.,  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  and  Dixon  and  Monmouth,  111.  He  died  at 
the  last-named  place  April  23,  1858,  aged  forty- 
seven.  His  health  had  long  been  feeble,  yet  only 
three  days  previous  to  his  death  he  administered 
the  ordinance  of  baptism. 

Silas  Tucker,  D.D.,  was  born  May  16,  1813.  He 
was  baptized  in  Philadelphia  by  his  brother.  Rev. 
Levi  Tucker,  pastor  of  the  Blockley  church,  Dec. 
22,  1833,  and  in  the  following  year  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  same  church.  After  studying  one 
year  with  his  brother  he  entered  the  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Seminary,  and  studied 
there  in  the  regular  course  until  1837.  He  then 
accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
Ohio  City,  now  a  part  of  Cleveland.  From  that 
time,  during  a  period  of  thirty-five  years,  he  was 
a.  diligent  and  successful  minister  and  pastor,  his 
death  occurring  at  Aurora,  111.,  Nov.  7,  1872. 
Among  the  churches  which  he  served  were  Ohio 
City  and  Elyria,  O.,  Laportc  and  Logansport,  Ind., 
Racine,  Wis.,  Naperville,  Galesburg,  and  Aurora, 
111. 

Tuggle,  Hon.  W.  0.,  a  lawyer  of  La  Grange, 
Ga.,  a  man  of  distinction  in  both  Church  and  State. 


lie  was  born  in  Henry  Co.,  Ga.,  Sept.  25,  1841, 
and  settled  in  La  Grange,  Troup  Co.,  in  1852.  He 
is  a  polished  and  well-educated  gentleman.  He  left 
college  to  join  the  army  in  1861,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  For  two  3'ears  he  served 
under  Capt.  John  Morgan,  and  was  with  him  in 
his  great  raids  in  Kentucky  and  Ohio,  being  cap- 
tured twice,  and  escaping  both  times  after  one 
month's  imprisonment, — the  first  time  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  the  second  time  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.  In 
public  life,  he  was  a  Presidential  elector  in  1876. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  constitutional  con- 
vention in  1^77,  and  a  delegate  to  the  national 
convention  in  1876  and  in  1880,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Georgia  senate  in  1868.  As  agent  for  Georgia 
he  collected,  in  1879,  from  the  general  government, 
a  forgotten  claim  of  $72,000;  and  he  is  at  present 
the  official  agent  and  attorney  of  the  Creek  Nation 
in  the  Indian  Territory. 

He  professed  conversion  and  was  baptized  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  joining  the  church  at  Rome  in  18.56. 
He  has  been  a  Sunday-school  superintendent  for 
sixteen  years  ;  for  three  years  he  was  the  secretary 
of  the  .'southern  Baptist  Convention  ;  and  he  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mercer  Uni- 
versity. 

Mr.  Tuggle  is  just  forty,  and  in  the  prime  of 
life;  he  has  a  fine  intellect  and  extensive  literary 
acquirements. 

Tunkers,  that  is,  Dippers. — See  German  Bap- 
tists. 

Tupper,  Charles,  D.D.,  the  father  of  Sir  Chas. 
Tupper,  .Minister  of  Public  Works,  Canada,  was 
born  in  Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia,  Aug.  6,  1794  ; 
converted  Feb.  17,  1815:  baptized  by  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Manning,  May  14,  1815  :  commenced  preach- 
ing March  24,  1816;  ordained  at  Cornwallis,  July 
17,  1817 ;  was  successively  pastor  at  Amherst, 
Nova  Scotia,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  Tryon 
and  Bedeque,  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  Ayles- 
ford  and  Upper  Wilniot,  till  1870.  fifty-three  years 
in  all  ;  in  his  useful  ministerial  and  missionary 
work  he  traveled  175.206  miles,  preached  M47  ser- 
mons, and  baptized  505  persons  ;  has  taught  him- 
self to  read  the  Scriptures  in  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew, 
Syriac.  French,  German,  etc.  ;  was  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Maiiaziiie.  and  secretary  to  the  Foreign 
Missionary  Board  ;  published  '"  Vindication  of 
Baptist  Principles,"'  and  he  has  written  volumi- 
nously for  the  religious  press.  Dr.  Tupper  pos- 
sesses the  highest  character  for  fidelity,  piety,  and 
prudence  ;  he  is  now  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of 
his  age. 

Tupper,  Henry  Allen,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Feb.  29,  182>.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  directed  by  Dr.  Dyer  Ball,  for  many 
years  a  missionary  in  the  East,  with  whose  daugh- 
ters, afterwards  Mrs.   French  and   Mrs.  Hopper, 


TDPPER 


1174 


TUPPER 


distill i;uished  scliolnrs  in  the  Chinese  Inni^uiice,  he 
hiui  the  pleasure  of  pursuinjr  his  studies.  lie  was 
baptized  by  Dr.  11.  Fuller  in  1X40  ;  pursued  his 
studies  for  a  while  in  Charleston  Collejte,  and  then 
entered  Madison  University,  from  which  he  {grad- 
uated in  184iS,  and  from  the  theological  seminary 
in  1850.  All  Dr.  Tupper's  previous  training  and 
associations  led  him  to  desire  to  labor  in  the  foreign 
missionary   field,   but  providential    circumstances 


HENRY    .tr.l.EN    TUTPER,   D.D. 

seemed  to  prevent  its  fulfillment.  For  three  years 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Graniteville, 
S.  C,  and  he  removed  thence  to  assume  the  pas- 
torate of  the  church  in  Washington,  Ga.,  where  he 
was  eminently  successful  in  his  labors.  Repeated 
offers  of  professorships,  secretaryships,  and  other 
pastorates  failed  to  remove  him  fiom  this  field  of 
labor,  where  he  remained  for  nearlv  twenty  years. 
Dr.  Tupper  at  one  time  proposed  to  become  head 
of  a  Christian  colony  to  Japan,  but  the  plan  prov- 
ing unsuccessful,  he  supported,  at  liisown  e.xpenRe, 
a  mission.ary  among  our  own  Indians,  and  also  one 
in  Africa,  while  at  the  same  time  he  devoted  much 
of  his  time  to  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  colored 
population  in  his  own  neighborhood.  For  many 
years  he  preached  every  Sunday  afternoon  exclu- 
sively to  the  cliildi-en,  and  published  many  sermons 
for  them.  During  the  war  he  served  as  cliaplain  of 
the  9th  Georgia  Regiment  of  the  Confederate  army. 
On  the  death  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Taylor,  who  had  been 
the  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention 
from  its  origin.  Dr.  Tupper  was  invited  to  become 


his  successor,  and,  being  peculiarly  fitted  for  that 
responsible  position,  he  accepted  it.  lie  entered 
upon  his  duties  in  1872,  and  his  labors  have  been 
al>undantly  blessed.  A  new  interest  in  missions 
has  been  quiek('ne<l,  and  the  contriliutions  enlarged. 
Dr.  Tupper  has  been  an  ardent  friend  of  educa- 
tion. He  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University, 
Ga.,  and  of  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary, 
Greenville,  S.  C.  lie  is  now  a  trustee  of  Richmond 
College,  and  also  of  those  two  excellent  institutions 
for  young  ladies,  Ilollins  Institute  and  Kiclimond 
Institute.  He  has  contributed  also  to  the  literature 
of  the  denomination,  having  published  sundry  ser- 
mons delivered  before  education  societies,  "  The 
First  Century  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,"  and,  at  the  request  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  a  work  entitled  "Foreign  Mis- 
sions of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention."  In 
1852  Madison  University  conferred  on  him  the  de- 
gree of  A.M.  in  course,  and  in  1870  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  In  1855  he  visited  Europe.  Dr. 
Topper's  wife  is  a  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  Boyce,  of  the 
seminary  at  Louisville,  and  it  may  interest  his 
friends  to  know  that  the  Kiiglisli  poet  Tupper  is  a 
relative  of  his.  One  who  knew  him  well  has  said, 
"  Dr.  Tupper  is  essentially  a  missionary  man, 
.  whom  circumstances  alone  prevented  from  going  to 
the  missionary  field.  Personally,  he  is  one  of  the 
most  liberal  of  men,  and  before  the  war,  when 
quite  wealthy,  he  contributed  thousands  annually 
to  the  missionary  cause." 

Tupper,  James,  Esq.,  was  bom  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Dec.  9,  1810,  and  died  at  Summerville,  about 
twenty  miles  from  Charleston,  Aug.  28,  18(18.  He 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  when  about 
sixteen,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  a  few  years 
later,  but  never  was  ordained,  preferring  to  be  a 
lay  preacher  and  deacon. 

At  about  twenty-one  he  was  admitted  to  practise 
law.  He  was  soon  after  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  was  chosen  by  that  body  a  master  in  equity. 
He  held  this  office  with  great  honor  to  himself  and 
advantage  to  the  public  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
For  several  years  he  also  held  the  important  post 
of  State  auditor.  No  public  officer  ever  gave  more 
uniform  satisfaction. 

Had  you  seen  him  in  the  court-room  you  would 
have  thought  his  head  and  heart  were  wholly  de- 
voted to  the  law.  Il.ad  you  heard  him  addressing 
liis  brethren  in  the  prayer-meeting,  from  which  he 
was  never  absent,  or  the  children  in  the  Sunday- 
school,  of  which  he  was  the  superintendent,  you 
would  have  known  that  he  h.ad  "  determined  to 
know  nothing  save  Jesus  Christ  and  him  cruci- 
fied." His  evangelical  and  cheerful  spirit  spread 
as  if  by  contagion  and  perv.ided  all  present, 
whether  in  a  social  circle  or  in  a  large  assembly. 
One  of  his   noblest   characteristics  was  his  deep 


TUliXBCLL 


1175 


TURNER 


interest  in  children  and  younj;;  people,  and  few 
hnve  had  a  greater  or  happier  influence  over  them. 
Such  was  James  Tupper.  "  Not  slothful  in  busi- 
ness, fervent  in  spirit,  serving  tlie  Lord.' 

It  is  true  in  a  far  wider  sense  tlian  that  in  which 
the  poet  used  the  words,  that  "  The  evil  that  men 


JAMES   TIPPER.  ESQ. 

do  lives  after  them."  So,  too,  the  good  that  the 
departed  did  will  long  survive  him  in  his  native 
city,  and  eternity  alone  can  fully  disclose  it. 
"  Bh.'ssPil  are  tho  dead  who  die  in  the  Lordl' 

Tumbull,  Robert,  D.D.,  was  born  of  Prest)y- 
terian  parentage,  in  Whiteburn,  Linlitligowshire, 
Scotland,  Sept.  10,  1S09 ;  religiously  educated : 
graduated  at  Glasgow  University ;  attended  the 
theological  lectures  of  Chalmers  at  Edinburgh  : 
while  thus  preparing  for  the  ministry,  by  a  study 
of  the  Bible  he  became  a  Baptist ;  preached  a 
year  and  a  half  in  Westmancotte,  Worcester- 
shire, England  ;  in  1833,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four, 
came  to  America ;  settled  with  the  Second  Bap- 
tist church  in  Danbury,  Conn. ;  after  two  years 
was  called  to  the  First  Baptist,  church  in  Detroit, 
Mich. ;  two  years  later  became  pastor  of  the  South 
Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  Conn. ;  always  pros- 
pered in  his  work  ;  in  1839  settled  with  the  Uarvard 
Street  cliurch,  Boston,  Mass. ;  made  a  tour  abroad  ; 
a  ready  writer;  in  July,  1S45,  returned  to  Hart- 
lord,  Conn.,  and  settled  with  the  First  Baptist 
cliurcli.  and  remained  for  about  twenty-four  years  ; 
hero,  as  always,  greatly  blessed  with  revivals  and 
church  progress;  on  leaving  the  pastorate,  in  1869, 
labored  in  various  places,  and  with  marked  success 


in  New  Haven,  leading  to  the  formation  of  the 
Calvary  Baptist  church,  and  also  at  Ansonia;  in 
1872  was  chosen  to  the  secretaryship  of  the  Cun- 
necticut  Ba[)tist  State  Convention,  and  successfully 
superintended  its  work  ;  was  a  vigorous,  eloquent 
preacher :  a  broad  and  thorougli  schohir ;  an  easy; 
graceful,  prolific  writer  ;  among  his  published 
works  are  "  The  Genius  of  Scotland,"'  "  The  Genius 
of  Italy,'  "  Olyuipia  Morenta,''  "  Claims  of  Jesus," 
"  Theophany,  or  Manifestation  of  God  in  Christ," 
containing  a  review  of  Dr.  Bushiiell's  work.  "The 
Pulpit  Orators  of  France  and  Switzerland,"  "The 
Student  Preacher,"  "  The  AVorld  we  Live  In," 
"  Christ  in  History,"  and  '"  Life-Pictures,  or 
Sketches  from  a  Pastor's  Note-Book  ;"  also  wrote 
articles  for  the  Christian  Review,  of  which  he  was 
the  joint  editor  for  a  time  with  Dr.  J.  N.  Mur- 
dock ;  wrote  much  for  the  Christian  Secretary; 
toiled  for  missions  and  for  education  ;  gifted,  stu- 
dious, devout,  genial,  progressive,  persevering,  be- 
nevolent, eloquent,  full  of  love  and  faith  ;  died  in 
Christian  triumph  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  Nov.  20, 
l'>77,  age<l  sixty-eight;  deeply  mourned  by  the 
State  and  by  all  the  Baptists  of  our  country. 

Turner,  Prof.  J.  A.,  was  born  in  Greensville 
Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  6,  1839.  He  entered  Richmond 
College  in  1856.  and  graduated  as  Bachelor  of 
Arts  in  1858,  with  the  highest  honors.  In  1858 
he  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  and 
received  his  diploma  as  Master  of  Arts  in  that  in- 
stitution in  1860.  At  the  opening  of  the  war  Prof. 
Turner  was  offered  the  position  of  major,  but  de- 
clined the  honor  in  order  to  share  with  a  cherislied 
companion  the  duties  of  a  private  position.  Sub- 
sequently, however,  he  served  as  sergeant-major, 
and  also  as  an  officer  of  ordnance.  He  was  a  very 
active  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  rising 
rapidly  through  its  various  grades,  and  it  was 
while  attending  a  meeting  of  this  body  in  Kich- 
mond  that  he  took  a  severe  cold,  which  resulted  in 
his  death.  In  1861  he  took  charge  of  the  Mo.ssy 
Creek  Academy.  Augusta  Co.,  Va.,  which  position 
he  left  to  join  the  army.  During  the  winter  of 
1863-64  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  Koanoke 
Female  College,  Danville,  Va.,  and  subsequently 
he  had  charge  of  a  school  in  Surry  Co.,  Va.  In 
1867  he  was  invited  to  take  charge  of  the  chair  of 
Latin  and  Modern  Languages  in  Hollins  Institute, 
Botetourt  Springs,  Va.,  which  position  he  ex- 
changed, in  1869,  for  that  of  the  English  and  Mod- 
ern Languages.  Prof.  Turner's  health  continuing 
gradually  to  decline,  and  his  voice  failing,  he  de- 
cided, at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  friends,  to 
spend  the  winter  of  1877-78  in  Florida.  He  did 
so,  but  found  no  relief,  and.  returning  to  spend  his 
last  hours  with  his  family,  he  died  May  5,  1878, 

As  an  instructor.  Prof.  Turner  was  active  and 
enthusiastic,  interesting  in  an  unusual  degree  those 


TURNER 


1176 


TURKEY 


committed  to  his  care,  and  so  prompt  in  meeting 
all  his  engagements,  in  official  anci  private  life, 
that  the  students  playfully  named  him  their  "  time- 
piece." As  an  author  and  writer  for  prominent 
literary  and  religious  journals,  he  was  very  favor- 
ably known.  In  1875  he  published  a  valuable  lit- 
tle treatise  on  the  principles  of  punctuation,  in 
which  he  has  based  his  rules,  in  every  case,  upon 
the  laws  of  grammatical  ahalysis.  lie  had  in 
course  of  preparation  several  other  small  works  on 
versification,  on  poetry,  and  on  fijiures  of  speech, 
also  lectures  on  general  philology,  English  phi- 
lology, French  grammar,  and  on  English  litera- 
ture. He  was  also  a  frequent  contributor  to  The 
Nation  and  Appleion's  Journal,  New  York,  and 
to  the  Atlantic  Monthly  and  the  Literary  World,  of 
Boston. 

Prof.  Turner  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter 
while  still  a  student  at  Richmond  College,  and  he 
became  a  most  efficient  and  industrious  Christian 
worker.  As  deacon,  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school,  leader  in  the  prayer-meeting,  moderator  of 
Associational  meetings,  lecturer  before  the  Minis- 
ters', Deacons',  and  Sunday-School  Institute,  in 
which  he  was  so  often  requested  to  discuss  doc- 
trinal questions  and  present  exegeses  of  obscure 
Biblical  passages,  he  was  recognized  as  the  finished 
scholar,  the  learned  Bible  student,  and  the  de- 
voted Christian.  Many  of  the  various  papers  pre- 
pared by  him  were  considered  of  so  much  value  as 
to  be  requested  for  publication  in  pamphlet  form 
for  general  circulation. 

Prof.  Turner's  second  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Prof.  Cocke,  of  IloUins  Institute,  a  lady  of  culture, 
who  shared  his  labors  iis  instructor  in  that  excel- 
lent institution,  and  who,  with  three  children,  sur- 
vives him. 

Turner,  Gov.  Thomas,  chief  magistrate  of 
Rhude  Island,  was  born  in  Warren,  R.  I.,  Oct.  24, 
1810.  Early  in  life  he  engaged  in  business  pur- 
suits, becoming  a  mei'chant  in  his  native  place,  and 
meeting  with  deserved  success  in  his  vocation. 
After  several  years  of  mercantile  life,  he  retired 
from  business,  and  accepted  the  presidency  of  an 
extensive  insurance  company.  He  retained  this 
position  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  held 
various  offices  of  trust  in  banking  and  r.ailroad  and 
manufacturing  corporations,  and  was  frequently 
chosen  to  represent  his  native  town  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State.  From  1857  to  1S59  he  was 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  State,  and  the  two  years 
following  he  was  governor.  President  Lincoln  ap- 
pointed him  first  collector  of  the  internal  revenue 
of  the  first  district  of  Rhode  Island.  The  duties 
of  the  many  offices  which  he  held  were  discharged 
with  fidelity  and  without  ostentation.  Gov.  Tur- 
ner \Vas  a  subject  of  the  great  reviv.al  of  1857-58, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  W.arren, 


one  of  the  old,  historic  churches  of  the  State.  In 
all  measures  tending  to  promote  the  prosperity  of 
the  denomination  he  took  a  deep  interest.     He  was 


GOV.  THOMAS   TIRNER. 

fur  some  time  a  member  of  the  board  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Union.  In  1862  be  was  chosen  a  trustee 
of  Brown  University,  and  continued  in  office  until 
his  death,  which  took  place  at  Warren,  Jan.  3, 
1875. 

Turner,  Rev.  Wm.,  was  born  in  Davidson  Co., 
N.  C,  June  23,  1816;  baptized  by  Josiab  Wise- 
man. May  4,  1834;  began  to  preach  in  1840;  was 
ordained  in  1844.  His  ministerial  labors  have 
been  in  the  counties  of  Davidson,  Davie,  Yadkin, 
Forsythe,  and  Guilford,  and  they  have  been  emi- 
nently successful.  He  has  been  moderator  of  the 
Liberty  Association  for  fifteen  years,  and  pastor 
of  Jersey  church  for  thirty  years.  He  is  still  an 
active  and  useful  prearber  of  the  gospel. 

Tumey,  Edmund,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Easton, 
Conn.,  May  6,  1816;  was  educated  at  Hamilton; 
was  pastor  of  the  South  church,  Hartford,  Conn., 
.and  in  Granville,  and  of  the  Broad  Street  church 
in  Utica.  N'.  Y.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  Profes- 
sor of  Biblical  Criticism  in  the  seminary,  Hamil- 
ton. From  1853  he  was  five  years  professor  in  Fair- 
mount  Theological  Seminary,  0.  In  1865  he  began 
the  first  organized  effiirt  for  the  education  of  col- 
ored teachers  and  preachers  in  AVashington,  D.  C. 
No  society  encouraged  him  to  commence  a  work 
upon  which  the  richest  blessings  rested.  How 
nobly  he  toiled  in  that  field,  with  no  assured  sup- 
port, and   sometimes,  we  fear,  with  want  threat- 


TURPIN 


1177 


TUSTIN 


ening  hiiu,  the  writer  and  a  few  others  know.  He 
seemed  inspired  with  the  conviction  that  God  had 
specially  intrusted  this  great  Imsiness  to  him,  and 
nothing  could  change  his  impressions  of  duty.  He 
would  have  suffered  martyrdom  while  swayed  by 
this  holy  purpose  rather  than  show  recreancy  to 
the  will  of  heaven.  Dr.  Turney  was  conscientious 
to  a  fault.  He  had  genius  of  a  high  order,  and  his 
heart  was  the  throne  of  Jesus,  lie  died  Sept.  28, 
1S72. 

Dr.  Turney  published  several  works  on  Christian 
baptism  and  three  volumes  of  poetry. 

Turpin,  Dr.  William  Henry,  a  prominent  dea- 
con of  great  moral  worth,  who  was,  for  many  years, 
a  member  of  the  Augusta  church,  was  born  in  the 
vicinity  of  Kichmond,  Va.,  in  March,  1790.  At 
fifteen  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
and,  entcping  into  mercantile  business,  succeeded  in 
amassing  a  large  fortune.  In  ISIG  he  married 
Miss  Mary  Ann  D'Antignac,  and  in  1824  he  was 
converted  under  the  preaching  of  the  elder  Brantly, 
and  made  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  Augusta,  of  which  he 
remained  a  most  useful  and  conscientious  member 
until  his  death  in  1866,  being  for  nearly  forty  years 
a  deacon  of  the  church. 

It  may  be  said  of  Dr.  Turpin  that  he  rendered 
the  Augusta  church  more  essential  service  than 
any  other  of  its  members,  unconnected  with  the 
ministry,  since  the  church  was  founded.  With  his 
ample  means  he  was  always  ready  to  make  good 
any  deficiency  in  the  salaries  of  the  pastors,  and 
in  the  other  expenses  incidental  to  the  maintenance 
of  worship.  His  business  capacity  and  excellence 
of  judgment  were  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the 
church  ;  and  his  wisdom  in  council,  united  with  his 
politeness  and  courtesy  of  demeanor,  and  his  hu- 
mility and  peace-loving  disposition,  always  exercised 
a  beneficial  influence  in  the  church  conferences 
and  over  the  members. 

New  members  were  attracted  to  the  church  by 
the  simple  fact  of  his  connection  with  it.  His 
character  as  a  Christian  and  a  gentleman  of  the 
utmost  integrity  and  honor  stood  out  in  such  bold 
relief  that  the  church  itself  was  benefited  by  it  in 
the  eyes  of  the  community. 

He  was  ready  to  aid  every  good  cause,  and  no 
application  to  him  for  any  such  cause  ever  failed 
to  meet  a  favorable  response.  lie  was  one  of  the 
earliest  and  largest  contributors  towards  Mercer 
University,  and  it  was  his  habitual  custom  to  send 
?200  to  each  of  the  boards  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention  on  the  first  day  of  every  year.  His 
house  was  the  centre  of  an  extensive  and  generous 
hospitality,  and  Luther  Rice  used  to  visit  him  every 
year,  and  was  accustomed  to  speak  of  Dr.  Turpin's 
house  as  his  Georgia  home. 
With  much  that  was  calculated  to  make  a  man 
75 


proud, — wealth,  position  in  society,  hosts  of  friends 
and  admirers, — Dr.  Turpin  was  utterly  unassum- 
ing ;  his  humility  was  most  unaffected.  But  the 
crowning  excellence  and  chief  glory  of  his  Chris- 
tian character  was  his  unwavering  trust  in  God. 
When  grief  rent  his  bosom, — and  he  had  some  of 
the  severest  kind, — and  when  the  desolations  of  war 
threatened  his  home  and  his  fortune,  his  comfort 
was  that  God  was  king,  and  that  all  things  were 
working  together  for  the  good  of  those  who  love 
him. 

God  allowed  this  bright  light  to  shine  for  many 
years.  Rev.  James  E.  AVclch  said,  "  I  have  been 
traveling  all  over  this  country  constantly  for  the 
past  twenty  years,  and  I  know  multitudes  of  people, 
but  I  have  seen  but  one  Wm.  H.  Turpin."  In  1866 
an  asthmatic  affection  rendered  Dr.  Turpin  more 
and  more  feeble,  and  it  became  apparent  to  himself 
and  family  that  he  could  not  rally.  Calmly,  cheer- 
fully, sublimely  he  accepted  the  situation,  and  as 
the  end  drew  nigh,  in  full  possession  of  all  his 
mental  faculties,  he  sent  farewells  and  benedictions 
to  the  absent,  and  then  resigned  himself  to  the 
sleep  of  the  Christian,  like  one 

"Who  wraps  tJie  drapery  of  his  coucli  about  him 
And  lies  down  to  pleasant  dreams." 

Tustin,  Rev.  Francis  Way  land,  Ph.D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature 
in  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1834.  His  early  education  was  re- 
ceived in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city.  In 
1850  he  entered  the  academy  at  Lewisburg.  and 
graduated  from  the  university  in  1856,  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class. 

In  1857  he  was  made  tutor  in  the  college,  being 
the  first  alumnus  of  the  ugiversity  in  its  faculty. 
In  1S60,  there  being  a  vacancy  in  the  department 
of  Natural  Sciences,  caused  by  the  accession  of 
Dr.  Loomis  to  the  presidency.  Prof.  Tustin  was 
elected  to  fill  the  chair.  This  position  he  held  for 
fourteen  years,  and  in  the  language  of  Dr.  Loomis, 
"  made  the  department  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the 
university."  Although  his  principal  work  in  these 
years  was  in  his  own  department,  yet  he  was 
known  as  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  frequently 
assisted  Prof.  Bliss  in  the  Greek  ami  Latin  classes. 
In  1874,  his  eyesight  becoming  seriously  affected 
by  the  chemical  fumes  of  the  laboratory,  he  was 
obliged  to  relinquish  the  department  of  Natural 
Sciences.  At  that  time.  Dr.  Bliss  having  accepted 
thechair  of  Biblical  Interpretation  in  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  the  trustees  wishing  to  re- 
tain Prof.  Tustin's  services,  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature,  which 
position  he  has  since  so  wortljily  filled.  During 
the  absence  of  Dr.  Loomis  in  Europe  for  the  greater 
part  of  the  college  year.  Prof.  Tustin  acted  as  presi- 
dent of  the  university,  and  presided  at  the  com- 


rUTT 


1178 


TYREE 


mencement  of  llSV'J.  His  administration  won  the 
praise  and  gratitude  of  all  connected  with  the  uni- 
versity. In  1879  his  fellow-members  of  tlie  faculty 
and  the  curators  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 


PROF.    FHAXCIS  WAVr.AXD  TISTIX.  I'lI.D. 

of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  In  1866,  by  a  council 
called  by  the  First  Baptist  cliurch  of  Lewisburg, 
lie  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry.  In  addi- 
tion to  liis  other  labors  he  has,  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  managed  the  finances  of  the  Baptist 
church,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  the  erec- 
tion of  their  handsome  church  edifice.  During 
these  years  Prof.  Tustin  has  had  several  offers  to 
other  positions,  which  he  has  declined.  His  life 
has  been  given  to  the  building  up  of  the  univer- 
sity and  the  Baptist  cause  in  Lewisburg.  Prof. 
Tustin  has  great  ability  and  fine  scholarship,  and 
he  has  rendered  valuable  services  to  the  Baptists 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Tutt,  Rev.  B.  G.,  was  born  in  Cooper  Co.,  Mo., 
Feb.  1 1,  ISo'J  ;  professed  faith  in  Christ  and  united 
witli  the  church  at  Liberty,  Mo.,  while  at  William 
Jewell  College,  in  1S54,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
E.  S.  Dulin ;  attended  Westminster  College,  at 
Fulton,  Mo.,  in  1857  ;  was  ordained  to  the  work 
of  the  gospel  ministry  in  1869  ;  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Concord  Baptist  church  in  De- 
cember, 1860,  and  continued  in  that  relation  until 
January,  1876,  in  the  mean  time  preaching  at  in- 
tervals to  Mount  Nebo  church,  in  the  same  county. 

The  result  of  fifteen  years'  labor  at  Concord  was, 
first,  the  gathering  of  a  large  and  influential  mem- 
bership ;  second,  the  building  up  of  a  flourishing 


and  effective  Sunday-school  ;  third,  the  erection  of 
a  comfortable  and  commodious  house  of  worship, 
which  was  dedicated  without  a  dollar's  indebted- 
ness ;  fourth,  bringing  the  membership  into  hearty 
and  intelligent  co-operation  with  the  benevolent  en- 
terprises of  the  denomination. 

In  April,  1876,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  at. 
Marshall,  Mo.,  in  which  field  the  labors  of  four 
years  have  developed  some  very  encouraging 
features. 

Twiss,  Rev.  J.  S.,  settled  in  Ann  Arbor  in 
1830;  was  from  Sennett,  N.  Y.  He  was  a  preacher 
of  noted  strength  and  vivacity,  and  a  man  of  the 
highest  moral  integrity  and  Christian  probity. 
He  was  intelligent  and  fearless  in  the  performance 
of  duty,  lie  hated  oppression  and  everything  which 
degrades  man.  His  righteous  and  intense  senti- 
ments often  took  forms  of  expression  wliich  were 
never  forgotten.  His  powers  of  debate  and  his 
natural  delivery  made  him  noted  as  a  speaker, 
while  in  conversation  few  cared  to  meet  the  sharp- 
ness (if  his  lance.     His  death  occurred  in  lS.i7. 

Tyler,  Rev.  Mansfield,  is  about  fifty-five  years 
old;  a  slave  before  tlie  war ;  limited  opportunities; 
a  man  of  strong  natural  ability,  of  firm.  Christian 
character,  fine  sense,  well  instructed  in  the  Scrip- 
tures, gifted  in  natural  eloquence,  held  in  high 
estimation  by  whites  and  blacks  ;  a  man  of  great 
prudence.  He  has  for  several  years  been  |)resident 
of  the  Colored  Baptist  Convention  of  .VUibama, 
and  is  a  good  presiding  officer.  He  resides  at 
Lowndesliorough. 

Tynes,  Rev.  W.  E.,  pastor  at  Canton,  Miss.,  of 
which  State  he  is  a  native,  was  born  in  1848. 
After  receiving  a  good  academic  education  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law;  in  1871  began  to 
preach,  and  became  pastor  at  Osyka,  Miss. ;  thence 
at  Jackson,  La.,  and  Baton  Rouge.  lie  returned 
to  Mississippi  in  1876.  He  was  an  evangelist  in 
Southern  Mississippi  and  in  Eastern  Louisiana 
one  year  ;  tlien  two  years  pastor  at  Summit,  Miss. 
In  1878  he  was  called  to  his  present  field. 

Tjrree,  Cornelius,  D.D.,  was  bom  Sept.  14, 
1814,  in  Amherst  Co.,  Va.  He  united  with  the 
Mount  Moriah  church  in  1832,  although  strongly 
persuaded  by  his  family  and  friends,  all  ardent 
Methodists,  to  join  the  Methodist  Churcli.  After 
receiving  an  excellent  training  in  the  schools  of 
the  neighborhood,  he  was  a  teacher  for  two  years 
near  Lynchburg.  In  the  fall  of  1837  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach  by  the  Lynchburg  church,  and 
sent  to  William  and  Mary  College.  In  the  fall  of 
1838  he  entered  the  Columbian  College,  and  pur- 
sued the  partial  course.  In  1839  he  was  appointed 
by  the  General  Association  missionary  fur  the 
counties  of  Greenbrier  and  Monroe,  where  his 
labors  were  greatly  blessed.  He  was  ordained  in 
September,  1839,  at  Amwell  church,  Fayette  Co. 


UNDERWOOD 


1179 


UNIFORMITY 


In  the  latter  part  of  this  year  he  was  transferred 
to  Rockbridge  County  as  missionary.  In  1840,  under 
his  ministry,  two  new  churches  were  organized, 
one  at  Lexinjiton  and  one  at  Cow  Pasture  Bridge, 
Va.,  of  which  churches  he  remained  pastor  five 
years.  Here  Dr.  Tyree  baptized  Prof.  G.  E.  Dab- 
ney  and  many  of  the  students  of  tlie  Military  In- 
stitute of  Lexington.  In  1845  he  succeeded  Rev. 
Jesse  Witt  as  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Powhatan 
County,  with  two  of  which  he  remained  twenty- 
seven  years.  Wliile  with  these  churches  he  also 
preached  extensively  within  and  without  the  State 
as  an  evangelist,  and  in  the  meetings  in  which  he 
participated  not  less  than  3000  were  hopefully  con- 
verted. Dr.  Tyree  has  been  busy  with  his  pen 
also,  although  his  pastoral  and  evangelistic  labors 
have  been  so  pressing.    In  1858,  Sheldon  &  Blake- 


nian  published  his  "The  Living  Epistle,"  with  an 
introduction  by  Dr.  B.  Fuller.  A  number  of  his 
sermons  have  been  published  in  the  Baptist  Preacher 
and  in  the  Religions  lltfrald.  A  valuable  little 
tract  on  "  Baptism  and  Restricted  Communion" 
has  also  been  widely  circulated.  Dr.  Tyree  has 
also  prepared  a  small  work,  ''Believe  and  Live," 
and  a  volume  of  quickening  sermons  preached  at 
protracted  meetings,  both  which  he  hopes  soon  to 
publish.  Some  of  these  sermons  have  been  greatly 
blessed  in  the  conversion  of  souls.  In  the  spring 
of  1872  he  removed  to  Bedford  Co..  Va.,  and  be- 
came pastor  of  the  Liberty  church,  one  of  the  most 
thriving  bodies  in  the  State.  Dr.  Tyree  has  been 
eminently  successful  in  his  labors.  In  1869  the 
Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  D.D. 


n  >  »ai&< 


u. 


Underwood,  Rev.  Enoch  Downs,  pastor  of 

the  Baptist  church  at  Wauwatosa,  Wis.,  and  the 
oldest  settled  minister  in  the  State,  was  born  in 
Monongahela  Co.,  Va..  in  1817.  When  a  boy  of 
seven  years  he  came  with  his  fathers  family  to 
Vermilion  Co.,  111.,  and  at  nineteen  he  removed 
again  with  his  father  and  family  to  Milwaukee 
Co.,  AVis.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Under- 
wood obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  after  he  reached 
manhood,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  In 
1845  he  took  an  active  part  in  forming  the  Baptist 
church  in  Wauwatosa,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member.  This  church  licensed  him  to  preach,  and 
in  1849  called  him  to  the  pastorate  and  ordained 
him  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 

Mr.  Un<lerwood  has  never  been  connected  with 
any  other  church  either  us  iiicmbor  or  minister.  His 
pastorate  has  been  continued  for  thirty-one  years, 
lie  is  finely  balanced  intellectually  and  spiritually, 
and  it  would  be  difficult  to  determine  to  which  he 
is  most  indebted  for  his  power  as  preacher,  his  at- 
tainments or  his  natural  abilities.  He  has  achieved 
tlio  rare  art  of  making  the  most  of  each.  He  de- 
livers his  messages  to  his  flock  in  the  plain  and 
easily  understood  language  of  the  people,  but  with 
great  analytical  power  and  logical  force.  His  hear- 
ers are  always  sure  to  have  the  gospel  purely,  sim- 
ply, and  strongly  declared  to  them.  He  preaches 
Jesus.  By  his  gentle  and  kind  spirit,  breathing 
in  all  his  utterances  the  peace  and  love  of  the  g6s- 
pel,  he  has  won  the  confidence  and  affection  of  the 


ministers  and  churches  of  the  State.  He  has  fre- 
quently been  called  to  preside  over  the  Association 
of  which  he  is  a  member,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  a  trusted  member  of  the  board  of  the  Con- 
vention. 

Underwood,  Rev.  John  Levi,  as  a  preacher,  is 
clear,  animated,  bold,  earnest,  and  tender,  show- 
ing much  independence  and  freshness  of  thought. 
As  a  pastor,  he  is  faithful,  laborious,  and  sym- 
pathetic, making  himself  beloved  by  his  people. 
As  a  man,  he  is  friendly  and  warm-hearted.  He 
was  born  in  Alabama,  March  27,  1836,  of  Pres- 
byterian parents ;  graduated  at  Oglethorpe  Uni- 
versity, Ga.,  in  1857,  with  the  highest  honors  of 
his  class;  was  converted  and  joined  the  church  in 
1857  ;  studied  theology  two  years  at  the  Colum- 
bia, S.  C,  Theological  Seminary  ;  studied  one 
year  at  Berlin  and  Heidelberg,  Germany  ;  spent 
eight  months  at  Paris,  France,  then  came  home  and 
joined  the  Confederate  army  as  a  private,  after 
being  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He  became  a 
chaplain  in  1862,  ))ut  resigned  on  account  of  bad 
health  in  1863.  Since  the  war  he  has  been  teach- 
ing, preaching,  and  farming.  He  has  a  pleasant 
home  near  Camilla,  Ga.  He  has  had  charge  of  the 
churches  at  Bainbridge  and  Cuthbert,  Ga.,  but  now 
serves  the  church  at  Camilla,  and  also  those  at 
Evergreen  and  Cairo,  in  the  same  neighborhood. 

Uniformity,  Act  of. — When  Charles  II.  was 
restored  to  the  throne  of  England  the  National 
Church  had  few  Episcopal  clergymen  worshiping 


umFORmrr 


1180 


UNION 


at  her  altars.  More  than  7000  of  her  ministers 
had  taken  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant.  The 
forms  of  worship  differed  considerably.  But  after 
tlie  Restoration  the  tyrannical  men  who  ruled 
Church  and  State  were  determined  to  drive  from 
the  Anglican  Establishment  every  man  who  would 
not  conform  to  extreme  Episcopalianism. 

The  Act  of  Uniformity,  which  received  the  royal 
assent  April  19,  1662,  required  all  clergymen  to 
profess  before  their  congregations  "  their  unfeigned 
assent  and  consent  to  the  use  of  all  things  in  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  and  prescribed  bj'  it, 
and  to  the  form  or  manner  of  making,  ordaining, 
and  consecrating  bishops,  priests,  and  deacons." 

All  persons  "  holding  any  office  in  any  way  con- 
nected with  "the  church,"  and  every  teacher  of  a 
public  or  private  school,  and  all  tutors  in  private 
families  were  required  to  make  a  declaration  that 
"  it  was  not  lawful  on  any  pretense  whatsoever  to 
take  arms  against  the  king,"  and  that  they  "will 
conform  to  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England." 

They  were  also  compelled  to  declare  that  the  oath 
to  maintain  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  was 
a  nullity,  and  that  it  was  "  imposed  upon  the  sub- 
jects of  this  realm  against  the  known  laws  and 
liberties  of  this  kingdom." 

This  law  was  one  of  the  most  unrighteous  enact- 
ments that  ever  disgraced  the  statute  books  of  any 
civilized  nation.  In  it  the  king  and  his  Parliament 
wickedly  violated  the  most  sacred  engagements 
ever  made  by  man.  The  principal  sufferers  under 
this  infamous  act  were  the  Presbyterians,  who  had 
foolishly  placed  the  king  upon  the  throne.  The 
law  was  expressly  contrived  to  ruin  all  Noncon- 
formist clergymen  and  their  families. 

On  the  2-tth  of  xVugust,  1662,  the  act  went  into 
effect.  That  was  a  time  of  fierce  trial  to  thousands 
of  godly  ministers  and  teachers,  and  to  many  thou- 
sands of  their  wives  and  children.  The  number 
of  ministers  who  forsook  their  ecclesiastical  resi- 
dences and  church  edifices  on  the  day  of  royal, 
and  of  Episcopal  vengeance,  has  been  estimated  at 
from  2000  to  2500. 

These  thousands  of  pastors  going  forth  from 
their  homes,  sacred  to  them  by  many  precious  as- 
sociations, surrounded  by  their  wives  and  children, 
and  in  not  a  few  instances  by  their  aged  parents, 
with  nothing  before  them  but  hunger,  and  rags, 
and  persecution,  exhibited  to  the  eye  of  Jehovah 
the  most  pitiable,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most 
glorious  scene  upon  which  its  lightning  glances  had 
ever  fallen.  They  could  not  be  hypocrites,  for  they 
loved  the  God  of  truth,  and  they  and  theirs  must 
become  living  sacrifices.  There  were  Baptist  min- 
isters among  these  saintly  men,  though  most  of 
our  brethren  had  previously  been  removed.  Henry 
Jessey,  A.M.,  was  ejected  from  St.  George's,  South- 
•wark;  Francis  Bampfield,  M.A.,  from  Sherborne, 


in  Dorsetshire  ;  Thomas  .Jennings,  from  Brimsfield, 
in  Gloucestershire ;  Paul  Frewen,  from  Kempley, 
in  the  same  county ;  Joshua  Head,  the  place  of 
ejectment  uncertain :  John  Tombes,  B.D.,  from 
Leominster,  in  Herefordshire:  Daniel  Dyke,  M.A., 
from  Hiidham.  in  Hertfordshire;  Richard  Adams, 
from  Humberstone,  in  Leicestershire;  Jeremiah 
Marsden,  from  Ardesly,  in  Yorkshire;  Thomas 
llardcastle,  from  Bramham,  in  Yorkshire;  Robert 
Browne,  from  Whitelady  Aston,  in  Worcestershire  ; 
Gabriel  Camelfonl,  from  Stavely  Chapel  in  West- 
moreland;  John  Skinner,  from  Weston,  in  Here- 
fordshire;   Baker,  from  Folkestone,  in  Kent; 

John  Gosnold,  of  the  Charter  House  and  Pembroke 
Hall,  Cambridge  ;  Thomas  Quarrel,  from  a  place  in 
Shropshire ;  Thomas  Ewins,  from  St.  Evens'  church, 
Bristol ;  Lawrence  Wise,  from  Chatham  Dock, 
Kent;  John  Donne,  from  Pertenhall,  in  Bedford- 
shire; Paul  Dobson,  from  the  chaplaincy  of  the 
college,  Buckinghamshire  ;  John  Gibbs,  from  New- 
port Pagnell  ;  John  Smith,  from  Wanlip,  Leices- 
tershire;  Thomas  Ellis,  from  Lopham,  Norfolk; 
Thomas  Paxford,  from  Clapton,  Gloucestershire; 
Ichabod  Cliauncv,  M.D.,  chaplain  to  Sir  Edward 
Harley's  rcgimont;  Thomas  Horrexe,  from  Mal- 
don,  in  Essex;  Mr.  Woodward,  fro)n  Southwood; 
E.  Stennetf,  from  Wallingford  ;  B.  Cox  and  about 
thirteen  others  were  ejected  in  Wales.  These  men, 
with  the  ardent  love  which  flamed  in  the  hearts  of 
martyrs,  gave  up  their  all  for  Christ.  The  National 
Church  merely  gave  them  a  preaching-house,  a 
place  in  which  they  were  chaplains.  They  had 
churches, — living,  godly  communities  of  which  they 
were  pastors,  entirely  distinct  from  the  parish 
churches  in  which  they  preached. 

Union,  The  Baptist,  of  Canada. — After  much 
preliminary  discussion,  this  society  was  formed  at 
the  twenty-eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  Convention  of  Ontario,  by  the 
joint  action  of  that  body  and  the  Convention  East, 
the  latter  being  represented  by  an  influential  dele- 
gation. An  act  incorporating  the  Union  was  passed 
during  the  ensuing  session  of  the  Dominion  Parlia- 
ment, and.  according  to  the  terms  of  the  act,  the 
first  annual  meeting  was  held,  in  October,  1880,  in 
the  Jarvis  Street  church,  Toronto.  This  society 
seeks  to  unite  within  itself,  as  far  as  practicable, 
the  whole  Baptist  body  of  Canada,  for  the  more 
successful  promotion  of  all  denominational  interests 
and  enterprises.  At  present  (1881),  however,  it 
only  embraces  the  churches  of  Ontario  and  Quebec. 
Its  membership  consists  of  all  pastors,  all  ministers 
engaged  in  other  departments  of  denominational 
work,  all  persons  paying  $30  at  one  time  to  its 
funds  (life  members),  and  delegates  from  the 
churches,  appointed  according  to  the  numerical 
standing  of  the  bodies  they  represent.  The  Union 
elects  the  following  boards :  Home  Missions  West, 


VNION' 


1181 


UNITED   STATES 


Home  Missions  East,  Foreign  Missions,  Manitoba 
and  Nortlivvest  Missions,  Grande  Ligne  Mission, 
trustees  of  the  Canadian  Literary  Institute,  Super- 
annuated Ministers'  and  Church  Edifice  Funds. 
The  societies  by  which  these  boards  were  formerly 
elected  having  merged  their  existence  into  that  of 
the  Union,  so  far  as  existing  legislation  will  .admit, 
brief  slietches  of  such  of  the  yirincipal  ones  as  are 
not  noted  elsewhere  will  be  iti  place  here. 

Jier/ular  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Conreniion  of 
Ontario. — This  society  may  be  regarded  as  the 
parent  of  most  of  the  others,  and  for  many  years 
it  was  the  only  general  denominational  organiza- 
tion in  Western  Canada.  It  was  formed,  in  Dial, 
in  an  old  Presbyterian  meeting-house  in  the  city 
of  Hamilton.  There  appears  to  be  no  published 
record  of  its  work  during  the  first  four  years  of  its 
existence ;  but  from  1855  to  the  formation  of  the 
Baptist  Union  it  has  been  ascertained  that  over  5000 
persons  were  bayitized  by  the  missionaries,  120 
churches  organized,  and  more  than  100  places  of 
worship  erected,  many  of  them  in  important  towns 
and  centres.  During  this  period  the  amount  ap- 
propriated by  the  Convention  towards  the  support 
of  missionary  pastors  and  other  laborers  on  mission 
fields  exceeds  §100,000.  The  great  advance  made 
by  the  denomination  in  the  province  of  Ontario 
since  1851  is  undoubtedly  due  in  a  large  measure 
to  the  instrumentalities  employed  by  this  society. 
The  following  Associations  are  included  within  its 
boundaries :  Western,  Middlesex  and  Lambton, 
Elgin,  Grand  River,  Brant,  Midland-Counties, 
Huron,  Niagara,  Toronto,  East  Ontario,  and  Am- 
herstburg,  containing  in  all  about  300  churches 
and  22,000  members. 

Canada  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Convention, 
East. — The  territorial  area  of  this  Convention  con- 
sists of  the  province  of  Quebec  and  the  portion 
of  Ontario  lying  east  of  Kingston,  thus  embracing 
.3  Associations, — Central  Canada,  Ottawa,  and 
l>anville, — 64  churches,  and  nearly  4800  members. 
It  was  formed  April  28,  I85S,  in  the  St.  Helen 
Street  Baptist  church,  Montreal,  at  a  meeting  spe- 
cially convened  for  the  purpose  by  a  committee  of 
brethren  belonging  to  that  church.  There  were 
present  ten  ministers  and  delegates  from  fourteen 
churches,  who  were  entirely  unanimous  as  to  the 
expediency  of  organizing  for  home  mission  work. 
The  subseciuent  history  of  the  society  has  demon- 
strated the  wi.sdom  of  its  founders,  and  exhibited, 
ill  a  striking  manner,  the  faith  and  liberality  of  its 
handful  of  supporters.  Up  to  the  time  of  its  affil- 
iation with  the  Baptist  Union  $.'5.3.000  h,ad  lieen 
paid  out  in  support  of  missionaries  and  in  aid  of 
weak  churches,  and  much  good  accomplished  among 
the  small  Protestant  population  of  this  section  of 
Canada. 

Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  Ontario 


and  Quebec. — In  the  year  1858,  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Convention  AVest.  the  question  was 
raised,  '"  Ought  Canadian  Baptists,  as  such,  to 
have  a  Foreign  Missionary  Societj-,  or  ought  they 
to  co-operate  with  existing  organizations?"  Its 
fuller  consideration  was  deferred  to  the  following 
year ;  but  for  some  reason  the  discussion  was  not 
then  resumed,  and  the  subject  remained  in  aVjey- 
ance.  Some  years  afterwards-a  strong  desire  to  be 
employed  in  the  foreign  field  was  expressed  by  one 
of  the  senior  theological  students  of  the  Canadian 
Literary  Institute.  This  led  to  an  earnest  recon- 
sideration of  the  whole  matter,  and  in  October, 
1866,  at  the  fifteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Home 
Missionary  Convention,  held  in  Beamsville,  Ontario, 
the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  was  organized,  as 
an  auxiliary  to  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union.  The  first  missionary  sent  out  was  the  Rev. 
A.  V.  Timpany,  the  student  to  whom  reference  is 
made  above.  He  was  designated  in  October,  1867, 
and  appointed  to  the  Teloogoo  field  in  the  Madras 
presidency,  British  India.  Two  years  afterwards 
he  was  followed  by  Rev.  John  McLaurin.  In  1874 
a  chain  of  providential  circumstances  led  to  the 
formation  of  an  independent  Canadian  Teloogoo 
mission  in  the  city  of  Cocan.ida,  2(KI  miles  north 
of  Ongole.  A  commencement  bad  been  already 
made  in  Cocanada  by  the  five  years'  faithful  toil  of 
Thomas  Gabriel,  a  well-educated  and  ze.ilous  na- 
tive, who  had  gone  to  this  populous  heathen  city 
on  his  own  responsibility.  Under  his  labors  a 
church  of  150  members  had  been  gathered,  several 
native  preachers  raised  up,  and  a  few  native  schools 
established.  At  his  urgent  request  the  Baptists 
of  Canada,  with  the  approbation  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union,  sent  Mr.  McLaurin  to 
this  inviting  field,  and  assumed  the  entire  control 
of  the  movement.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Timpany 
also  withdrew  from  the  service  of  the  Union,  and 
went  to  Cocanada  under  the  direction  of  the  Cana- 
dian society.  The  infant  mission  was  reinforced 
by  Rev.  George  F.  Currie,  B.A.,  in  1876,  and  by 
Rev.  John  Craig,  B.A.,  in  1877.  Mr.  Currie  is  sta- 
tioned at  Tuni,  and  Mr.  Craig  at  Akidu. 

TJnited  States,  The  Constitution  of;  Aid 
given  by  the  Baptists  in  its  Adoption.— It  is 
a  matter  of  surprise  to-day  that  the  wisdom  of  this 
instrument  wa.s  ever  doubted,  or  that  it  should  have 
been  opposed  by  any  number  of  intelligent  and 
patriotic  men.  The  two  great  States  that  sup- 
ported the  Revolution,  Virginia  and  Massachu- 
setts, were  equally  divided  about  the  Constitution, 
and  some  of  the  best  men  in  these  powerful  centres 
of  political  life  regarded  it  with  unmixed  alarm, 
and  resisted  it  with  all  their  influence  and  elo- 
quence. 

In  Massachusetts,  the  conTention  called  to  ratify 
the  Constitution  assembled  on  the  9th  of  January, 


UNITED  STATES 


1182 


UNITED  STATES 


1788.     It  was  composed  of  nearly   foiu*  hun<lred 
members.     It  possessed  much  n(  the  intelloct  and 
patriotism  of  the  State.     The  debates  lasted  for  a 
month,  and  the  contest  was  carried  on  with  great 
earnestness.     "  The  proliibition  of  religious  tests 
in  the  Constitution  made  it  many  enemies  in  Mas- 
sachusetts.''*    The  entire   Uniteil  States  took  the 
deepest  interest  in  the  deliberations.     It  was  uni- 
versally  felt,  as  Dr.   Manning  expressed   it,  that 
''  Massachusetts  was  the  hinge  on  which  the  whole 
must  turn,"  and  that  if  she  rejected  the  Constitu- 
tion it  would  be  discarded  in  the  other  States.    The 
Baptists  held  the  balance  of  power  in  the  conven- 
tion, and   in    Massachusetts  they   were  generally 
opposed  to  the  Constitution.     The  Baptist  delegates 
were  chiefly  ministers,  who  had  the  highest  regard 
for  Dr.  Manning.     And  he,  fully  convinced  that 
nothing  but  the  new  Constitution  c<mld  save  the 
country  from  anarchy,  spent  two  weeks  in  attend- 
ance upon  the  convention,  and  he  and  Dr.  Stillman 
exerted  themselves  to  the  utmost  to  persuade  their 
brethren  to  support  the   Constitution.     With  the 
Kev.  Isaac  Backus,  the  fearless  friend  of  the  Bap- 
tist cause  and  of  liberty  of  conscience,   they  sot 
out,  and  they  met  with  success  in  several   cases, 
and  the  Constitution  was  adopted  by  a  majority 
of  nineteen  votes.     There  were  IS"  yeas  and  1(18 
nays  on  the  last  day  of  the  session,   and   before 
"  the  final  question  was  taken,  Gov.  Hancock,  the 
president,  invited  Dr.  Manning  to  close  the  solemn 
convocation  with  thanksgiving  and  prayer."     Dr. 
Manning  addressed   the  Deity  in  a  spirit  glowing 
with  devotion,  and  with  such  lofty  patriotism  that 
every  heart  was  filled  with  reverence  for  God  and 
admiration   for  his  servant.     And  such  an  efiFect 
was  produced  by  this  prayer  that,  had  it  not  been 
for  the  "popularity  of  Dr.  Stillman,  the  rich  men 
of  Boston  would  have  built  a  church  for  Dr.  Man- 
ning.''t     There  is  a  strong   probability  that  the 
Baptists   of    the   convention    would    have   turned 
from  Isaac  Backus,  and  changed  the  insignificant 
majority  into  a  small  minority,  if  it  had  not  been  , 
for  Manning  and  Stillman. 

In  Virginia  the  opposition  to  the  Constitution 
was  led  by  more  popular  men  ;  but  the  parties, 
otherwise,  were  about  equal  in  strength.  Tlic 
convention  met  in  Richmond,  in  June,  17SS.  The 
most  illustrious  men  in  the  State  were  in  it. 
Patrick  Henry  spoke  against  the  Constitution  with 
a  vehemence  never  surpassed  by  him.self  on  any 
occasion  in  his  whole  life,  and  with  a  power  that 
was  sometimes  overwhelming.  Once,  while  this 
matchless  orator  was  addressing  the  convention,  a 
wild  storm  broke  over  Richmond  ;  the  heavens 
were  ablaze  with  lightning,  the  thunder  roared, 
and   the   rain   came   down    in   torrents ;    at    this 

*  Backus's  Baptist  Church  History,  vol.  ii.  p.  335.    Newton. 
+  Manning  and  Brown  University,  pp.  103, 104.    Boston,  1864. 


moment  Henry  seemed  to  see  the  anger  of  heaven 
threatening  the  State  if  it  should  consummate  the 
guilty  act  of  adopting  the  Constitution,  and  ho  in- 
voked celestial  witnesses  to  view  and  compassionate 
his  distracted  country  in  this  grand  crisis  of  her 
history.  And  such  was  the  effect  of  his  speech  on 
this  occasion  that  the  convention  immediately  dis- 
persed.! l ''*-'  convention,  when  the  final  vote  on 
ratification  was  taken,  only  gave  a  majority  often 
in  favor  of  the  Constitution.  Eighty-nine  cast 
their  votes  for  it,  and  seventy-nine  against  it.§ 

James  Madison  possessed  the  greatest  influence 
of  any  man  in  the  convention  ;  had  he  not  been 
there  Patrick  Henry  would  have  carried  his  oppo- 
sition triumphantly  ;  and  Madison  was  there  by 
the  generosity  of  John  Leiaiid,  the  well-known 
and  eccentric  Baptist  minister.  Madison  remained 
in  Philadelphia  three  months  with  John  Jay  and 
Alexander  Hamilton,  prep.aring  the  articles  which 
now  make  up  The  FederaU.it;  this  permitted 
Henry  and  others  to  secure  the  public  attention 
in  Virginia,  and,  in  a  large  measure,  the  public 
heart.  Henry's  assertion  that  the  new  Constitution 
"  squinted  towards  monarchy"  was  eagerly  heard 
and  credited  by  many  of  the  best  friends  of  free- 
dom ;  and  when  Madison  came  home  he  found  Le- 
land  a  candidate  for  the  county  of  Orange,  the  con- 
stituency which  he  wished  to  represent,  with  every 
prospect  of  success,  for  Orange  was  chiefly  a  Baptist 
county.  Mr.  Madison  spent  half  a  day  with  John 
Leland,  and  the  result  of  this  interview  was  that 
Leland  withdrew  and  exerted  his  whole  influence 
in  favor  of  Madison,  who  was  elected  to  the  con- 
vention, and,  after  sharing  in  its  fierce  debates,  he 
was  just  able  to  save  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

In  a  eulogy  pronounced  on  J<ames  Madison 
by  J.  S.  Barbour,  of  Virginia,  in  IIS.'JT,  he  said 
"That  the  credit  of  adopting  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  properly  belonged  to  a  Baptist 
clergyman,  formerly  of  Virginia,  named  Leland. 
If,"  said  he,  "  Madison  had  not  been  in  the  Vir- 
ginia convention  the  Constitution  would  not  have 
been  ratified,  and,  as  the  approval  of  nine  States 
was  necessary  to  give  effect  to  this  instrument,  and 
as  Virginia  was  the  ninth  State,  if  it  had  been  re- 
jected by  her  the  Constitution  would  have  failed 
(the  remaining  States  following  her  example),  and 
it  w.as  through  Elder  Leiand's  influence  that  Madi- 
son was  elected  to  that  convention." ||  It  is  unques- 
tionable that  Mr.  Madison  was  elected  through 
the  efforts  and  resignation  of  John  Leland,  and  it 
is  all  but  certain  that  that  iict  gave  our  country  its 
famous  Constitution. 


J  Howlson's  History  of  Virginia,  ii.  .326,327,  332. 
§  Howe's  Virginia  Historical  Collections,  p.  124.     Charleston, 
1846. 

I]  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Baptist  Pulpit,  p.  179. 


UNITED   STATES 


1183 


UNITED   STATES 


United  States,  The  Religious  Amendment 

of  the  Constitution  of.  —  I'lie  first  iuncndment  to 
the  United  States  Constitiitiun  was  adopted  in  1789, 
the  year  it  went  into  operation.  It  reads,  "Con- 
gress shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establish- 
ment of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise 
thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of 
the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to 
assemble,  and  to  petition  the  government  for  a  re- 
dress of  grievances.''  The  first  clause  of  this 
amendment  occupies  properly  its  prominent  place 
in  that  addition  to  the  Constitution.  Freedom  of 
con.science  was  in  legal  bondage  in  1780,  and  its 
friends  had  too  much  cause  to  be  alarmed  for  its 
safety. 

Had  the  amen<lment  not  been  adopted,  Massachu- 
setts might  have  had  her  State  church  to-day,  and 
her  citizens  rotting  in  prison  because  they  could 
not  conscientiously  pay  a  church-tax  ;  and  any  State 
might  have  estaldished  the  Episcopal  Church  and 
then  committed  Haptists  or  otiier  ministers  to 
prison,  as  Virginia  did  down  to  the  Revolution. 
And  Congress  miglit  have  decreed  that  the  Catho- 
lic Church  was  the  religious  fold  of  the  nation, 
and  might  have  levied  taxes  to  support  her  clergy, 
and  made  laws  to  give  secular  power  to  her  car- 
dinals, archbishops,  bishops,  and  priests  over  our 
schools,  religious  opinions,  and  personal  freedom. 
With  the  amendment  we  have  been  educated  to 
practise  universal  religious  freedom  ;  without  it, 
sacerdotal  tyranny  might  have  destroyed  all  our 
liberty.  The  grandest  feature  of  our  Constitution 
is  the  first  clause  of  the  first  amendment.  The 
Baptists  have  justly  claimed  that  the  credit  for 
this  amendment  belongs  chiefly  to  them.  It  is  in 
strict  accordance  with  their  time-honored  maxim, 
"  The  major  part  shall  rule  in  civil  things  only." 

AVhere  else  could  it  have  come  from  ?  In  the 
Revolution,  and  for  a  few  years  after,  there  were 
two  great  centres  of  political  influence  in  our 
country,  aroun<l  which  the  otlier  States  moved  with 
more  or  less  interest, — Massachusetts  and  Virginia. 
Freedom  of  conscience  could  not  come  from  Mas- 
sachusetts ;  she  was  wedded  to  a  State  religion  in 
1789,  which  defied  any  divorcing  agency  to  create 
a  separation.  Just  ten  years  before,  she  adopted 
her  new  constitution  witli  an  article  in  it  giving 
legal  support  to  Congregational  ministers,  as  in 
good  old  Puritan  times.  And  this  tie  only  per- 
ished in  1834.*  Writing  to  Benjamin  Kent,  John 
Adams  siiys,  "  I  am  for  the  most  liberal  toleration 
of  all  denominations,  but  I  hope  Congress  will 
never  meddle  with  religion  further  than  to  say 
their  own  prayers.  .  .  .  Let  evfrij  coloiii/  have  ils 
own  religion  without  molestation.'"^    That  is,  from 

*  Backu8*8  Church  History,  p.  197.    Philadelphia, 
t  Life  iind  Works  of  Johu  Aduiux,  by  Charles  Francis  Adams, 
■vol.  \\.  p.  402. 


Congress ;  he  wished  every  colony  to  have  its  own 
eslahlishcd  church  without  molestation,  if  it  desired 
such  an  institution.  He  unjustly  charged  Israel 
Pemberton,  a  Quaker,  whom,  with  the  Baptists  and 
other  Friends,  the  Massachusetts  delegates  met  dur- 
ing the  session  of  the  first  Continental  Congress, 
with  an  effort  to  destroy  the  union  and  labors  of 
Congress,  because  he  pled  for  the  release  of  Bap- 
tists and  Quakers  imprisoned  in  Massachusetts  for 
not  paying  the  ministers"  tax,  and  for  the  repeal  of 
their  oppressive  laws.  And  John  Adams  actually 
argued  that  it  was  against  the  consciences  of  the 
people  of  his  State  to  make  any  change  in  their 
laws  about  religion,  even  though  others  might  have 
to  suffer  in  tlieir  estates  or  in  their  personal  free- 
dom to  satisfy  Mr.  Adams  and  his  conscientious 
friends.  And  he  declared  that  they  miglit  as  well 
think  they  could  change  the  movements  of  the 
heavenly  bodies  as  alter  the  religious  laws  of  Mas- 
sachusetts.J  This  w,is  the  spirit  of  New  England 
when  the  first  amendment  was  proposed,  except  in 
Rhode  Island,  and  among  the  Baptists,  and  the 
little  community  of  Quakers  outside  of  it.  Thomas 
Jefferson,  writing  to  Dr.  Rush,  says,  "  There  was 
a  hope  confidently  cherished  about  a.d.  1800,  that 
there  might  be  a  State  church  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  this  expectation  was  specially 
cherished  by  Episcopalians  and  Congrcgational- 
ists.''§  This  was  the  sentiment  of  not  a  few 
New  England  Pedobaptists,  and  the  hope  of  the 
remains  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  the  South. 
Massachusetts  and  her  allies  had  no  love  for  the 
first  amendment,  and,  according  to  Backus,  Massa- 
chusetts did  not  adopt  it.|| 

It  came  from  Virginia,  and  chiefly  from  Baptists 
of  the  Old  Dominion.  The  "  mother  of  Presi- 
dents" was  the  mother  of  the  glorious  amend- 
ment. In  1776  the  first  republican  Legislature 
of  Virginia  convened,  and  after  a  violent  contest, 
daily  renewed,  from  the  1 1  th  of  October  to  the  5th 
of  December,  the  acts  of  I'ailiamcnt  were  repealed 
which  rendered  any  form  of  worship  criminal. 
Dissenters  were  exempted  from  all  taxes  to  support 
the  clergy,  and  the  laws  were  suspended  which 
compelle<l  Episcopalians  to  support  their  own 
church.  But  it  was  the  pressure  of  Dissenters 
without  that  forced  this  legislation  on  the  Assem- 
bly, for  a  majority  of  the  members  were  Episco- 
palians.1[  While  this  act  relieved  Baptists,  the  un- 
repealed common  law  still  punished  with  dismissal 
from  all  offices  for  the  first  offense,  those  who  de- 
nied the  Divine  existence,  or  the  Trinity,  or  the 
truth   of   Christianity ;    and   for  the   second,  the 

J  Ibid.,  vol.  ii.  p.  399. 

§  Memoirs,  Correspondence,  etc.,  vol.  iii.  p.  341.  CharlotteSTllle, 
1829. 

I  Backus's  Church  History,  vol.  ii.  p.  341.    Newton. 
%  Ibid,,  vol.  i.  p.  32. 


UNITED   STATES 


1184 


UNITED   STATES 


transgressor  should  be  rendered  incapable  of  suing 
or  of  actinj;  as  guardian,  administrator,  or  execu- 
tor, or  of  receiving  a  legacy,  and,  in  addition, 
should  be  imprisoned  for  three  years.*  These 
persecuting  laws  were  not  repealed  till  17S5.  The 
tithe  law,  after  being  agitated  frequently  in  every 
sessipn,  and  annually  suspended,  was  repealed  in 
1779.  The  Presbyterians  and  Baptists  were  the 
outside  powers  that  swept  away  the  State  church 
of  Virginia. 

After  tithes  ceased  to  be  collected,  a  scheme, 
known  as  the  "assessment,"'  was  extensively  dis- 
cussed in  A''irginia  by  Episcopalians  and  others. 
The  assessment  required  every  citizen  to  pay  tithes 
to  support  his  minister,  no  matter  what  his  creed. 
The  Kpiscopalians  warmly  advocated  the  assess- 
ment. Tlie  united  clergy  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  petitioned  for  it,t  though  many  of  their 
people  disliked  and  denounced  it.  Patrick  Henry 
aided  it  with  all  the  power  of  his  eloquence. J 
Richard  Henry  Lee,  the  most  polished  orator  in 
the  country,  John  Marshall,  the  future  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  United  States,  and  George  AVashington 
himself  advocated  it.§  The  Baptists  directed  tlieir 
whole  forces  against  it,  and  poured  petitions  into  the 
Legislature  for  its  rejection. 

After  expending  every  effort,  the  friends  of  tlie 
assessment  were  defeated,  and  it  was  finally  re- 
jected in  1785,  and  all  the  laws  punishing  opinions 
i-epealed.  This  was  a  work  of  great  magnitude. 
The  Episcopalians,  the  Methodists,  the  Presbyte- 
rian clergy,  and  the  eloquence  and  influence  of 
some  of  the  greatest  men  the  United  States  ever 
had,  or  will  have,  were  overcome  by  the  Baptists, 
and  JcB'erson  and  Madison,  their  two  noble  allies, 
and  some  Presbyterian  and  other  laymen.  Semple 
truly  says,  "  The  inhibition  of  the  general  assess- 
ment may,  in  a  considerable  degree,  be  ascribed  to 
the  opposition  made  to  it  by  the  Baptists.  They 
were  tlie  only  sect  which  plainly  remonstrated 
against  it.  Of  some  others  it  is  said  that  the  laity 
and  ministry  were  at  variance  upon  the  subject,  so 
as  to  paralyze  their  exertions  for  or  against  the 
bill."  II 

Nor  need  any  one  dream  that  Jefferson  and 
Madison  could  have  carried  this  measure  by  their 
genius  and  influence.  They  were  opposed  by 
many  men  whose  transcendent  services,  or  un- 
equaled  oratory,  or  wealth,  position,  financial  in- 
terests, or  intense  prejudices,  would  have  enabled 
them  easily  to  resist  their  unsupported  assaults. 
Like  a  couple  of  first-class  engineers  on  a  ''  tender,'' 


*  Jefferson's  Notes  on  the  State  of  Virginia,  p.  169.    Richmond, 
1835. 
t  Rives'8  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  vol.  i.  pp.  601,  602. 
X  Wirt's  Life  of  Patiiclt  Henry,  p.  263.    Hartford. 
§  Rivea's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  vol.  i.  pp.  601,  602. 
1]  Semple's  History  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  pp.  72,  73. 


with  a  train  attached,  but  no  locomotive,  would 
Jefferson  and  Madison  have  appeared  without  the 
Baptists.  Tliey  furnished  the  locomotive  for  these 
skillful  engineers,  which  drew  the  train  of  religious 
liberty  through  every  persecuting  enactment  in  the 
penal  code  of  Virginia. 

In  1790,  just  one  year  after  the  adoption  of  the 
amendment.  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania, 
states  that  there  were  202  Baptist  churches  in 
Virginia.iy  Semple,  the  historian  of  the  Virginia 
Baptists,  says  that,  in  1792,  "The  Baptists  had 
members  of  great  weight  in  civil  society ;  their 
congregations  became  more  numerous  than  those 
of  any  otiier  Christian  sect."**  The  Baptists  out- 
numbered all  the  denominations  in  Virginia,  in  all 
probability,  in  1789,  and  they  far  surpassed  them 
in  the  burning  enthusiasm  which  persecution  en- 
genders, and  to  them  chiefly  was  Vii-ginia  in- 
debted for  her  complete  deliverance  from  perse- 
cuting enactments. 

In  1789,  a  few  months  after  AVasliington  became 
President,  "  The  Committee  of  tlie  United  Baptist 
Churches  of  Virginia"  presented  him  an  address, 
written  by  John  Leland,  marked  liy  felicity  of  ex- 
pression and  great  admiration  for  Washington,  in 
which  they  informed  him  that  their  religious  rights 
were  not  protected  by  the  new  Constitution.  The 
President  replied  tliat  he  would  never  have  signed 
tliat  instrument  had  he  supposed  tliat  it  endangered 
the  religious  liberty  of  any  denomination,  and  if  he 
could  imagine  even  now  that  the  government  could 
be  so  administered  as  to  render  freedom  of  worship 
insecure  fur  any  religious  society,  he  would  imme- 
diately take  steps  to  erect  barriers  against  the 
horrors  of  spiritual  tyranny. ft  Large  numbers 
were  anxious  about  the  new  Constitution,  and  it 
had  many  open  enemies.  The  Baptists  who  pre- 
sented this  address  controlled  the  government  of 
Virginia,  and  (hey  were  the  warmest  friends  of  lib- 
erty in  America.  They  would  suffer  anything  for 
their  principles,  and,  as  they  suspect  the  new  Con- 
stitution, it  must  be  amended  to  embrace  tlieir  soul 
liberty  and  secure  their  hearty  support.  A  few 
weeks  later,  James  Madison,  the  special  friend  of 
Washington,  who  aided  him  five  months  before  in 
composing  his  first  inaugural  address  to  Congress.Jt 
rises  in  the  House  of  Representatives  and  pro- 
poses the  religious  amendment  demanded  by  the 
Baptists,  with  other  emendations,  and  declares 
that  "  a  great  number  of  their  constituents  were 
dissatisfied  with  the  Constitution,  among  whom 
were  many  respectable  for  their  talents  and  their 
patriotism,  and  respectable  for  the  jealousy  which 


K  Minutes  of  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  p.  459. 
**  History  of  the  Virginia  Baptists,  p.  39. 

tt  Writings  of  George  Washington,  by  Sparks,  vol.  xii.  pp.  154, 
155.    Boston. 
XX  Rives's  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,  vol.  iii.  p.  64. 


UP  11  AM 


1185 


USTICK 


they  feel  fur  their  liberty''  (relij;iou»).  This  hin- 
giiage  applies  to  his  Virginia  Baptist  friends  and 
their  co-religionists  over  the  land,  lie  presses  his 
scheme  amidst  violent  opposition,  and  Congress 
passes  it.  Two-tliirds  of  the  State  Legislatures  ap- 
prove of  it,  and  it  becomes  a  part  of  the  Consti- 
tution.* 

iJenoniinationally.  no  coniniunity  asked  for  this 
oliiinge  in  the  Constitution  ))Ut  the  Baptists.  The 
Quakers  would  no  doubt  have  petitioned  for  it  if 
they  had  thought  of  it,  but  they  did  not.  John 
Adams  and  the  Congregationalists  did  not  desire 
it;  the  Episcopalians  did  not  wish  for  it.  It  went 
too  far  for  most  Presbyterians  in  Revolutionary 
times,  or  in  our  own  days,  when  we  hear  so  much 
especially  from  them,  about  putting  the  divine 
name  in  the  Constitution.  The  Baptists  asked  it 
through  Washington.  The  request  commended 
itself  to  his  judgment  and  to  the  generous  soul  of 
Madison,  and  to  the  Baptists,  beyond  a  doubt,  be- 
longs the  glory  of  engrafting  its  best  enactment  on 
the  noblest  Constitution  ever  framed  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  mankind. 

Upham,  James,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Salera, 
Mass.,  Jan.  23,  \>ila.  lie  was  a  graduate  of 
Waterville  College  in  the  class  of  1S3.5,  and  studied 
at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  1837-39.  He 
was  ordained  at  Thomaston,  Me.,  in  August,  IS40, 
and  was  professor  in  the  theological  institute  which 
had  a  brief  existence  in  that  place.  On  leaving 
Thomiiston  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  subsequently  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Millbury,  from  which  place  he  was  called 
to  a  professorship  in  the  New  Hampshire  Literary 
Institute.  His  connection  with  this  institution 
continued  fifteen  years,  1846-61,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed president.  In  1866  he  retired  from  this 
position,  and  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Walc/nnan  and  Reflector.  lie  held  this  office  fcir 
several  years  with  distinguished  ability.  Recently 
he  has  accepted  a  position  on  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Richmond  Herald,  published  in  Richmond,  Va. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Pr.  Upham  by  Colby  LTniversity  in  1800. 

Upham,  Rev.  William  D.,  was  born  in 
Weatherstield,  Vt.,  Fell.  ID,  1810.  He  early  indi- 
cated tlie  bent  of  his  mind,  and  showed  that  if  his 
tastes  could  be  gratified  he  would  devote  his  life  to 
the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  Having  reached  the 
age  of  eighteen,  he  decided  to  fit  himself  to  enter 
the  profession  of  law.  His  preparatory  studies, 
wliich  he  pursued  at  Chester,  Vt.,  and  at  Middle- 
liorough,  Mass.,  being  completed,  he  entered  Brown 
University  in  the  fall  of  1831.  He  was  inclined  to 
adopt  infidel  sentiments,  and  with  the  immaturity 
and  self-conceit  of  youth,  he  was  disposed  to  treat 


*  Rivee'B  Life  aud  Times  of  James  Madisou,  vol.  iii.  p.  39. 


very  lightly  the  claims  of  religion.  During  the 
winter  of  1831-32,  while  engaged  in  teaching  in 
the  village  of  Dedham,  Mass.,  his  attention  was 
called  by  the  Spirit  of  God  to  his  own  condition. 
Before  the  light  of  truth  his  skepticism  vanished, 
and  he  yielded  his  heart  to  the  Saviour,  in  whom 
heretofore  he  had  seen  no  charms.  AVhen  he  re- 
turned to  his  college  duties  he  was  a  changed  man. 
Having  connected  himself  with  the  Fir>t  Baptist 
church  in  Providence,  he  received  theirapprobation 
of  his  wish  in  due  time  to  enter  upon  the  work  of 
the  Christian  ministry.  Unable  for  want  of  funds 
to  continue  his  studies  at  the  university,  he  took 
charge  of  a  school  in  the  village  of  AV'ickford,  R.  I., 
where  he  remained  three  years.  It  was  in  conse- 
quence of  his  efforts  and  sacrifices  that  there  was 
formed  in  that  place  a  Baptist  church,  which  now 
numbers  not  far  from  150  members.  Mr.  Upham 
removed  to  Ludlow,  \i.,  in  December,  1836,  and 
for  two  years  was  principal  of  the  Black  River 
Academy.  He  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry  in  November,  1837,  preaching  as  oppor- 
tunity presented  while  carrying  on  his  work  as  a 
teacher.  In  December,  1838,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Townshend,  Vt.,  and  served  this  church  between 
four  and  five  years,  when  he  closed  his  life,  dying 
June  30,  1843,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-three 
years.  "'  His  death  was  much  lamented  by  the 
ministers  and  churches  in  Vermont,  among  whom 
his  piety,  talents,  and  wisdom  had  secured  him  a 
measure  of  esteem  and  confidence  possessed  by 
very  few  at  so  early  an  age." 

Ustick,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  New  York, 
Aug.  3lj,  17.53.  AVhen  about  fourteen  he  was  con- 
verted. He  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  John  Gano. 
Soon  after  he  felt  called  to  preach  the  gospel,  and 
he  began  to  prepare  himself  for  this  blessed  work. 
He  graduated  at  Rhode  Island  College  (now  Brown 
University)  in  1771.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry in  Ashford,  Conn.,  in  1777.  He  became  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia  in 
1782.  In  that  city  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed, 
and  his  memory  is  still  treasured  up  as  a  precious 
legacy  by  the  children  of  those  whom  he  led  to  the 
Saviour. 

Mr.  Ustick  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  deep  re- 
pentance as  a  prerequisite  to  the  enjoyment  of  the 
peace  of  God,  .and  of  a  salvation  gathering  nothing 
from  human  feelings  or  reforms,  but  coming  wholly 
from  the  Saviour's  merits.  The  Saviour  has  had 
few  servants  more  competent  or  more  faithful.  He 
died  in  Burlington,  N.  -J.,  in  ISO;;. 

Ustick,  Deacon  Thomas  Watts,  was  bom  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  22,  ISOl.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Virginia  in  1806,  where  with  an  uncle, 
John  Ustick,  Thomas  learned  printing.  He  after- 
wards lived  in  Washington  and  Chicagc,  and  in 


VAIL 


1186 


VAN  HORN 


both  places  was  known  as  a  publisher  and  printer. 
In  1839  he  came  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  died  Auj;. 
13,  1866.  He  was  converted  when  ten  years  of 
age  in  Virginia,  and  baptized  by  Thomas  Cally. 
From  a  boy  Deacon  Ustick  was  intelligent,  affec- 
tionate, and  faithful.  lie  was  made  a  deacon 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  and  of 
the  Third  church,  of  which  he  was  a  constituent 
member.  The  Third  church  greatly  mourned  his 
death.     lie,  with  Deacons  John  Barnhurst,  P.  J. 


Thompson,  and  R.  Campbell,  formed  a  noble  band 
in  the  Third  ohurch.  His  friends  admired  and 
trusted  him.  Mild  but  firm,  and  governed  by  prin- 
ciple, when  suddenly  called  to  die,  be  said,  "  I  am 
glad  I  have  no  prcpar.ation  to  make."  He  left  a 
rich  legacy  to  his  children  in  a  name  untarnished, 
and  an  influence  which  will  ever  live,  like  that  of 
his  grandfather,  Thomas  Ustick,  who  was  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia  for 
twenty-one  years. 


V. 


Vail,  Rev.  A.  L.,  was  born  in  La  Grange, 
Texas,  May  14,  1844.  lie  continued  to  reside 
there  and  in  that  vicinity  till  the  spring  of  1862, 
when  he  went  to  Mexico.  In  August,  1SG3,  he 
shipped  on  the  schooner  '•  Matamoras,"  from  the 
port  of  the  same  name,  for  New  York. 

Although  converted  in  Texas,  he  m.ade  no  pu))lio 
profession  of  religion  until  1864,  when  he  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Plainfield,  N.  J. 
Having  studied  in  Connecticut  until  the  close  of 
1864,  he  removed  to  Michigan,  where  his  studies 
were  continued  until  1868,  partly  in  Raisin  Valley 
Seminary  and  partly  in  Kalamazoo  College.  He 
was  ordained  in  Schoolcraft,  Mich.,  in  1868.  His 
Schoolcraft  p.astorate  was  ended  in  about  a  year 
by  failure  of  health.  After  six  months'  rest,  he  re- 
sumed work  limitedly  in  Brady,  a  field  formerly 
occupied  in  connection  with  Schoolcraft,  where  he 
remained  till  A|iril,  1871,  when  he  became  pastor 
in  Sturgis,  Mich.  In  November,  1873,  he  removed 
to  Chicago,  to  accept  a  position  on  the  Stmidard. 
Two  years  were  spent  in  editorial  work  .and  study- 
ing in  the  university  and  seminary.  About  one 
year  of  this  time  he  was  regular  supply  of  the 
Winnetka  church.  Preceding  this  he  furnished 
the  first  consecutive  Baptist  preaching  in  Hyde 
Park,  which  prepared  the  way  for  the  organization 
of  the  church  there. 

Jan.  1,  1876,  he  took  the  pastorate  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Color.ado  Springs,  Col.,  remaining 
there  three  years.  He  preached  the  first  Baptist 
sermon  in  Leadville,  two  weeks  before  the  church 
was  organized  there,  and  issued  the  first  Baptist 
paper  in  that  State,  of  which  he  was  editor  and 
manager.  This  paper,  called  Free  Gold,  was  a 
monthly,  of  which  2tX)0  copies  were  distributed 
gratuitously  each  month  in  Colorado  Springs  and 
in  the  mountains  westward.      It  was  supported  by 


advertisements  and  free-will  offerings.  It  was  a 
financial  success. 

Mr.  Vail  became  pastor  in  Wichita.  Kansas.  Jan. 
1,  1879,  a  part  of  the  plan  being  the  removal  of  a 
debt  of  nearly  SI 200,  due  to  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, during  that  year.  By  the  generosity  of  the 
society  and  the  liberality  of  the  church  this  was 
accomplished,  the  pastor  having  directly  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  Mr.  Vail  resigned  as  pastnr  at  Wichita, 
Jan.  1, 1881,  and  was  immediately  secured  as  pastor 
at  Olathe,  Kansas. 

Mr.  Vail  is  a  clear-headed,  able,  devoted,  and 
successful  minister  of  the  gospel,  a  close  .and  atten- 
tive student  of  the  Bible,  and  a  faithful  shepherd 
to  his  flock. 

Van  Horn,  Hon.  Burt,  a  respected  citizen  and 
influential  Christian  gentleman,  a  resident  of  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  was  born  in  Newfanc,  Niagara  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  28,  1823.  His  parents,  James  and 
Abigail,  both  of  whom  died  in  1856,  were  highly 
esteemed  for  their  public  spirit  and  excellence  of 
Christian  character.  Besides  filling  important 
positions  in  the  town  and  county,  his  father  was 
for  many  years  an  honored  deacon  of  the  Newfane 
Baptist  church.  His  mother,  a  devoted  member 
of  the  same  church,  was  a  woman  of  rare  worth; 
strong  in  character,  devout  in  spirit,  generous  and 
faithful,  her  godly  life  h,as  left  its  impress  on  the 
church  and  community. 

From  such  parents  the  son  inherited  qualities  of 
mind  and  heart  which  fitted  him  for  the  sphere  of 
usefulness  he  has  occupied.  Besides  home  and 
common-school  training,  he  spent  three  years  in 
Yates  Academy  and  one  year  in  Madison  Univer- 
sity. Converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Newfane  Baptist  church,  and  for 
many  years  devoted  his  best  energies  to  its  in- 
terests.   During  the  years  1858,  1859,  and  1860  he 


VAXHORN 


1187 


VAN  METER 


served  with  lionor  in  the  State  Legislature.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  elected  ai^ain  in 
1864,  and  re-elected  in  1866.  He  identified  him- 
self by  voice  and  )ien  with  his  party  ;  was  an  ardent 
and  outspoken  advocate  of  the  act  of  emancipation. 
During  his  three  years  in  the  State  Legislature  and 
his  six  years  in  Congress,  though  on  many  im- 
portant committees,  and  an  active  participant  in 
the  great  movements  of  that  most  eventful  period 
of  the  nation's  history,  there  was  not  raised  a 
breath  of  suspicion  as  to  the  integrity  of  his  con- 
duct. In  it  all  and  through  it  all  he  maintained 
the  Christian  character  which  he  took  with  him 
into  public  life.  In  August,  1877,  he  was  ap- 
pointed U.  S.  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
nine  counties  of  Central  and  Western  New  York, 
which  office  he  now  honorably  fills.  Tliough  so 
fully  occupied  with  duties  of  a  political  and  public 
character,  he  is  a  most  active  and  consistent  mem- 
ber of  the  Lockport  Baptist  church,  whose  interests, 
material  and  spiritual,  he  has  faithfully  served 
since  he  became  a  member,  in  1S70. 

Vanhorn,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Bucks 
Co.,  Pa.,  July  8,  1747.  After  graduating  in  the 
academy  of  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  at  Lower  Dublin, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Soutliampton  Baptist 
church  in  May,  1772.  During  the  Revolutionary 
war  he  was  a  chaplain  in  the  army,  encouraging 
the  heroes  who  fought  against  tyranny,  hunger, 
and  cold,  and  sharing  with  them  their  greatest 
dangers  and  most  grievous  hardships. 

He  was  pastor  of  the  Southampton  church  for 
thirteen  years.  lie  was  twenty-two  years  pastor 
of  the  Scotch  Plains  church,  N.  J.  On  his  way  to 
a  new  home  in  Ohio  he  was  seized  with  a  fatal 
illness  in  Pittsburgh,  where  he  died  Oct.  31,  1807. 

Mr.  Vanhorn  was  well  known  and  greatly  es- 
teemed by  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey,  and  in  the  armies  of  the  patriots.  He 
lived  for  the  Saviour,  and  he  ilied  in  peace. 

Van  Husan,  Hon.  Caleb,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  was 
born  in  Mam-liestcr,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  13, 
1815.  By  the  death  of  his  mother,  when  he  was  thir- 
teen years  old,  his  home  w.as  broken  up,  and  he  left 
his  native  place  to  seek  his  fortune.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Eleazer  Savage, 
in  Knowlesville,  N.  Y.  At  twenty  he  entered  upon 
a  business  career,  and  the  next  year  was  married 
to  Miss  Catherine  Jackson.  In  1838  he  removed 
to  Michigan  and  established  himself  in  business 
in  Saline,  where  he  was  a  successful  merchant 
until  1853,  when  he  removed  to  Detroit.  He  has 
been  for  many  years  presiilent  of  the  Detroit  Fire 
and  Marine  Insurance  Company. 

From  his  coming  to  Michigan  he  has  been 
known  as  an  intelligent  and  efficient  friend  of 
every  enterprise  contemplating  the  advancement  of 
the  Christian   church.     One  of  the  orisinal  mem- 


bers of  the  Lafayette  Street  church  in  Detroit,  he 
has  been  one  of  its  deacons  from  its  organization. 
As  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College,  and  for  several 
years  its  treasurer,  as  a  trustee  of  Madison  Uni- 
versity,  as   a   member   of  the   State   Convention 


HON'.    C.\I.EB    VAN    HUSAN. 

board,  as  vice-president  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  and  as  a  generous  and  cheerful 
contributor  to  every  department  of  Christian  work, 
he  has  been  for  many  years  an  acknowledged  leader 
of  the  Baptists  of  Michigan.  Mrs.  Van  Husan,  to 
whom  he  was  married  in  1866,  is  the  daughter  of 
Rev.  David  Corwin,  and  is  a  special  friend  and 
supporter  of  all  our  missionary  enterprises. 

Van  Meter,  A.  W.,  was  born  at  Klizabeth- 
town,  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  April  1,  1789.  He  died 
at  the  residence  of  his  son,  E.  A.  Van  Meter, 
Esq.,  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  Nov.  11,  1868,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-nine  years.  Mr.  Van  Meter  shared 
with  his  father  the  hardships  of  frontier  life 
in  Kentucky,  with  exposure  especially  to  Indian 
attack.  "  Often,  when  going  to  their  religious 
meetings,  they  carried  their  rifles  and  large  knives 
for  protection."  In  1831,  at  the  age  of  forty-two, 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Washington,  Taze- 
well Co.,  111.  Here  again  he  found  a  new  country. 
The  Indians  had  but  recently  left  it,  and  settlers 
were  few,  though  rapidly  arriving.  "  For  a  long 
time  he  could  hear  of  no  Baptist  in  that  part  of 
the  country,  the  nearest  church  being  at  Spring- 
field, seventy  miles  south."  Mr.  Van  Meter  im- 
mediately made  himself  known  as  a  Christian  and 
a  Baptist,  and  in  1833  united  with  others  in  form- 


VAN  METER 


1188 


YARD  EN 


ing  tlie  Pleasant  Grove  church,  fourteen  miles 
from  his  liome.  Of  the  subsequent  growth  of  the 
denomination  in  the  central  portions  of  the  State 
he  W!is  one  of  the  chief  instruments.  lie  made 
himself  conspicuous  as  a  missionary  Baptist  at  a 
time  when  this  was  almost  a  name  of  reproach, 
and  was  among  the  foremost  in  the  formation  of 
Associations  in  Central  Illinois,  and  in  other  forms 
of  organic  enterprise.  He  was  much  a  sufferer  in 
the  last  years  of  his  life,  yet  in  his  suffering,  as  in 
his  serving,  lie  was  still  an  example  of  Christian 
fidelity,  patience,  and  trust.  His  surviving  sons, 
Rev.  W.  C.  Van  Meter,  Edward  A.  Van  Meter,  and 
Jacob  II.  Van  Meter,  have  honored  his  memory  in 
their  lives  of  useful  service.  One  of  his  daughters, 
wife  of  Rev.  II.  U.  Weston,  then  of  Peoria,  now 
president  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  was, 
upon  her  death  in  1857,  fitly  represented  as  "a 
lady  of  great  worth  and  devoted  piety." 

Van  Meter,  Rev.  W.  C,  w.as  born  near  Eliza- 
bethtown,  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  13.  1820.  When 
he  was  eleven  years  of  age  the  family  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  his  father,  Deacon  A.  W.  Van  Meter, 
became  conspicuous  as  an  active  Baptist  and  a  friend 
of  missions.  The  son  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
thirteen, and  united  with  the  PleasantGrove  church, 
nowTremont.  In  1837  he  entered  Shurtleff  College, 
•where  he  remained  a  year.  It  was  the  time  of  the 
great  abolition  excitement  in  that  quarter,  result- 
ing in  the  death  of  Rev.  E.  P.  Luvejoy  at  Alton,  at 
the  hands  of  a  mob.  Mr.  Van  Meter  was  one  of 
fourteen  young  men  who  pledged  themselves  to  de- 
fend Mr.  Lovejoy,  and  who  carried  him  home  after 
he  was  killed.  After  a  year  at  Shurtleff  he  went 
to  Granville  College,  0.,  where  he  remained  until 
1843.  Upon  leaving  college  he  returned  to  Ken- 
tucky, teaching  and  preaching  in  that  State  and  in 
Illinois  until  1854,  when  he  removed  to  New  York 
City  and  began  his  important  work  there,  first  in 
connection  with  the  Five  Points  Mission.  In  May, 
1855,  he  took,  as  an  experiment,  his  first  company 
of  homeless  children  to  Illinois,  eighteen  in  num- 
ber. This  he  continued  until  1872,  visiting  the 
West  within  that  period  about  seventy  times,  and 
providing  homes  in  this  way  for  between  two  and 
three  thousand  children.  They  were  not  inden- 
tured, Init  committed  to  the  honor  and  tenderness 
of  those  who  received  them.  In  -June,  186],  he 
founded  the  Howard  Mission,  or  Home  for  Little 
Wanderers,  in  the  Fourth  Ward,  connecting  this 
with  the  work  before  described.  In  February, 
1877,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Publication  So- 
ciety to  begin  a  mission  at  Rome.  In  1878,  the  so- 
ciety not  wishing  to  continue  its  appropriations, 
Mr.  Van  Meter,  under  a  new  organization,  the 
Italian  Bible  and  Sund.ay-School  Mission,  resumed 
it  upon  a  new  basis.  In  Rome  the  mission  has  five 
schools, — for  boys,  for  girls,  for  infants,  a  night 


school  for  young  men,  and  a  school  among  the 
.lews.  It  also  sustains  a  teacher  in  Naples  and 
one  in  Milan.  Mr.  Van  Meter  has  w.irm  support- 
ers in  various  denoniinations  in  this  country  and 
in  England,  and  prosecutes  his  work  with  an  en- 
thusiasm that  wins  friends  to  the  cause  wherever 
he  goes.  He  has  recently  retired  from  the  Roman 
Mission,  and  resumed  his  former  benevolent  labors 
in  New  York. 

Vann,  Rev.  R.  T.,  graduated  at  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1874;  spent  two  years  at  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and  is  now  pastor 
at  Enfield,  N.  C.  He  is  an  accomplished  scholar 
and  a  popular  preacher. 

Vardeman,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  177.'>  ;  ordained  about  1801.  In  1810  he 
preached  at  Davis'  Fork,  Sulbcgrud,  and  Grassy 
Lick  churches.  He  had  extensive  revivals  in  these 
churches.  In  1815  he  organized  a  church  in  Bards- 
town,  Ky.,  the  stronghold  of  Catholicism,  and  from 
a  revival  which  he  conducted.  In  ISUi  he  held  a 
meeting  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  organized  a  church  ; 
also  the  same  year,  through  a  revival  meeting  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  he  formed  a  church.  He  visited 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  .and  had  a  powerful  meeting  there, 
at  the  close  of  which  he  constituted  a  church,  and 
a  house  of  worship  was  built.  In  182.S  he  had  a 
gracious  revival  in  Cincinnati,  in  which  over  one 
hundred  were  converted.  In  1830  he  removed  to 
Missouri.  He  and  Spencer  Black  organized  the 
Baptist  church  in  Palmyra,  Mo.  In  1834  he  pre- 
sided at  the  first  meeting  held  by  Baptists  in  Mis- 
souri for  general  missionary  work,  now  the  General 
Association.  When  age  was  cree|>iiig  upon  him,  he 
visited  Sulphur  Springs  for  his  health  ;  during  his 
visit  he  preached,  seated  in  a  chair,  with  pathos 
and  power,  and  administered  baptism  for  the  last 
time. 

It  is  supposed  that  he  baptized  more  than  8000 
persons.  He  was  a  very  eloquent  preacher.  On 
Saturday  morning.  May  <S,  1842,  he  called  his 
family  to  him,  b.ade  them  farewell,  and  sank  in 
death  like  a  child  falling  asleep,  in  the  sixty- 
seventh  year  of  his  age.  Labors  and  successes  have 
made  his  name  immortal. 

Vardeman,  Rev.  "William  H.,  w.as  born  in  Fa- 
yette Co.,  Ky.,  in  1816  ;  came  with  his  father,  Jere- 
miah Vardeman,  to  Missouri  in  183(1.  He  was  bap- 
tized, in  1833,  liy  his  father.  He  wasordained  in  1845. 
His  labors  have  been  abundantly  blessed  in  the 
conversion  of  great  numbers  in  Ralls,  Montgomery, 
and  Pike  Counties.  He  has  been  pastor  at  Pleas- 
.ant  Hill  church  for  twenty-seven  years. 

Varden,  George,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  an  eminent 
linguist  and  classical  scholar,  was  born  at  East 
Dereham,  County  of  Norfolk,  England,  Dec.  9, 1830. 
He  was  brought  up  in  the  Church  of  England,  but, 
while  attending  an  academy,  experienced  a  change 


VARNUM 


1189 


VASSAR 


of  heart,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  a 
Baptist  church.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  li- 
censed to  preach,  and  soon  afterwards  came  to  the 
United  States.  After  traveling;  in  this  country 
about  two  years,  he  entered  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  where  he  graduated  in  1858.  lie  was  imme- 
diately ordained,  and  became  the  pastor  of  the  Baf>- 
tist  church  in  Paris,  Ky.,  where  he  still  resides. 
lie  has  been  pastor,  at  different  periods,  of  the 
churches  at  Colemansville,  Florence,  Falmouth,  and 
Maysville.  He  has  also  taught  a  classical  school 
at  Paris.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  student,  has  writ- 
ten much  for  the  periodical  press,  both  of  this 
country  and  Europe,  and  is  the  author  of  prize 
essays  on  various  subjects,  and  critical  reviews  of 
works  in  English,  Latin,  German,  Dutch,  and 
French.  He  was  for  a  time  an  acknowledged  con- 
tributor to  the  Eiicyclopcedia  Theologica  et  Eccle- 
siastica.  He  has  attained  a  reputation  for  critical 
scholarsliip  in  Europe  as  well  as  America. 

Varnum,  General  Joseph  Bradley,  a  brother 
of  Gen.  .J.  M.  Varnum,  was  burn  in  Uracut,  Mass., 
about  the  year  1750.  Like  his  brother  he  was 
distinguished  for  his  patriotism,  and  the  ardor 
with  which  he  entered  into  the  stirring  scenes  of 
the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  chosen  a  member 
of  Congress  upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution, 
and  held  the  office  for  twelve  years,  during  four  of 
which  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. He  was  chosen  Senator  of  the  United  States 
in  1811.  He  was  a  member  also  of  three  Massa- 
chusetts State  conventions.  Besides  these  civil 
offices  he  was  elected  to  several  high  military 
posts,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  major- 
general  of  the  third  division  of  the  militia  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. "  In  all  the  offices  he  sustained.  Gen. 
Varnum  exhibited  an  assiduity  which  never  tired, 
and  an  integrity  above  suspicion."  For  reasons, 
which  doubtless  seemed  valid  to  himself,  he  did  not 
make  a  profession  of  his  faith  until  -July  11,  1819, 
when  he  was  baptized,  with  his  wife,  by  Rev.  C.  O. 
Kimball,  and  joined  the  church  in  Methuen,  Mass. 
Soon  after  his  baptism  a  Baptist  church  was  formed 
in  Dracut,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  constituent 
members.  He  continued  an  active  member  of  the 
church  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
Sept.  11,  1821.  ■•  In  the  death  of  this  good  man," 
says  a  writer  in  noticing  the  death  of  Gen.  Varnum, 
'"liberty  has  lost  one  of  its  ablest  defenders,  and 
the  cause  of  Christianity  a  firm  friend  and  sup- 
porter." 

Vass,  Rev.  J.  L.,  is  a  native  of  Monroe  Co., 
Va.  He  was  born  .\pril  I,  1840.  He  was  con- 
verted when  about  ten  years  of  age,  and  baptized 
some  two  years  later.  How  many  of  our  really 
useful  men  are  converted  early !  Soon  after  his 
baptism  he  began  to  lead  in  prayer-meetings.  His 
college  course  was  interrupted  by  the  war,  through 


which  he  served  as  a  private  for  two  years,  and  as 
an  officer  afterwards  to  its  close.  He  then  resumed 
study  in  Richmond  College,  and  subsequently  went 
to  the  theological  seminary. 

He  located  as  pastor  of  the  Spartanburg  Baptist 
church,  S.  C,  on  leaving  the  seminary,  and  n-- 
peated  efforts  to  induce  him  to  leave  the  church  of 
his  first  love  have  thus  far  failed. 

The  church  has  grown  rapidly  in  numbers,  ac- 
tivity, and  piety  under  his  care.  He  has  in  a  high 
degree  the  first  quality  of  success  in  any  sphere  of 
life.     He  is  a  persistent  and  judicious  worker. 

Vassar  Colleg^e,  an  institution  for  the  liberal 
education  of  young  women,  located  in  Poughkeep- 
sie,  X.  Y.,  was  founded  and  endowed  by  Matthew 
Vassar,  at  an  expense  to  him  of  more  than  §700,00<l. 
It  is  the  first  grand  completely  endowed  college  for 
young  women  ever  projected.  Although  Mr.  Vas- 
sar was  a  Baptist,  and  although  the  president  an<l 
a  majority  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  college  are 
Baptists,  it  is  in  no  sense  a  sectarian  institution. 
The  main  edifice  is  almost  500  feet  long  and  200 
feet  wide.  The  centre  buildings  and  wings  are  five 
stories  high  and  the  connecting  portions  four.  It 
has  accommodations  for  400  students,  rooms  for 
recitations,  lectures,  instruction  in  music  and  paint- 
ing, a  chapel,  dining-hall,  parlors,  a  librcry-room, 
an  art-gallery,  rooms  for  philosophical  apparatus, 
laboratories,  cabinets  of  natural  history,  apartments 
for  the  officers  of  the  institution,  and  for  the  ser- 
vants employed  in  it.  It  has  a  completely  fur- 
nished observatory,  a  spacious  gymnasium,  with 
rooms  for  a  riding-school,  bowling-alley,  and  cal- 
isthenics. Its  grounds  are  spacious,  handsomely 
planned,  and  elegantly  adorned.  The  success  of 
the  enterprise  has  justified  the  large  outlay  of 
money  to  inaugurate  it,  and  it  fully  meets  the  ex- 
pectations of  its  friends.     (See  cut  on  next  page.) 

S.  L.  Caldwell.  D.D.,  is  its  present  president. 

Vassar,  Rev.  D.  N.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Bedford 
Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  5.  1847.  He  was  ba|)(ized  in  1868, 
and  entered  the  Richmond  Institute  the  same  year. 
After  a  three  years'  preliminary  course  here  he  en- 
tered the  grammar-school  of  Madison  University, 
and  was  graduated  from  the  college  in  1877  as 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  Immediately  after  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Richmond  In- 
stitute, where  he  is  doing  good  service  in  the  cause 
of  liigher  education.  He  has  consecrated  his  life 
to  the  work  of  elevating  the  colored  race  morally 
and  intellectually.  Prof.  Vassar  received  from 
Madison  University,  in  18S0,  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts. 

Vassar,  Matthew,  was  born  in  East  Dereham, 
in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  England,  April  29,  1792. 
His  ancestors  were  from  France,  and  the  name  was 
spelled  Vasseur.  One  of  the  Levasseurs  accom- 
panied Lafayette  to  America  as  his  secretary.    Ilis 


VASSAR 


1190 


r AUG  HAN 


parents  were  Buptists.  In  1796  they  came  to 
America  and  settled  in  Poughkeepsie.  Soon  they 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  "  home-brewed 
ale,"  which  grew  into  the  great  establishment  known 
as  Vassar's  brewery.  The  son  Matthew  was  averse 
to  the  business,  and  commenced  to  learn  another, 
when  his  father's  establishment  was  burned,  his 
brother  was  killed  in  trying  to  save  some  of  the 
property,  and  he  resolved  to  aid  his  parents  to  re- 
vive the  business.  Thus  lie  commenced  a  business 
which  lie  pursued  for  more  than  fifty  years.     In 


was  ordained  in  the  city  of  his  birth  when  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two.  lie  was  called  to  Amenia  in 
1857,  where  he  remained  eight  years.  He  had  one 
years  leave  of  absence  for  service  in  the  field  as 
chaplain  of  the  150th  Uegiment  of  N.  V.  Vols. 
The  regiment  was  attached  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  he  was  with  it  in  several  battles, 
including  Gettysburg.  He  became  pastor  of  the 
First  church  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  in  1805;  then  of 
Flemington  in  1872.  Mr.  Vassar  is  a  popular 
preacher,  a  brilliant  lecturer,  a  good  organizer,  and 


VASSAR   COLLEGE. 


1845  he,  with  his  wife,  visited  Europe,  and  then 
conceived  the  plan  of  devoting  his  great  wealth  to 
the  common  welfare.  After  long  contemplation  he 
resolved  to  found  a  first-class  college  for  young 
women,  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  and  well 
endowed.  Being  a  Baptist  in  principle,  he  put  it 
under  Baptist  control,  but  arranged  that  it  should 
not  be  denominational  in  its  teaching  or  manage- 
ment. In  his  address  at  the  organization  of  the 
board  he  said,  "  All  sectarian  influences  should  be 
carefully  excluded,  but  the  training  of  our  students 
should  never  be  intrusted  to  the  skeptical,  the  irre- 
ligious, or  the  immoral.''  This  munificent  gift  to 
the  cause  of  higher  education  amounts  to  more  than 
S700,000.  He  died  on  commencement-day  while 
reading  his  annual  address,  June  2.3,  1868. 

Vassar,  Rev.  Thomas  Edwin,  was  Ijorn  at 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  3,  1S34.  He  was  early 
converted,  and  joined  the  church  there.  lie  pursued 
theological  studies  with   Dr.  Rufus  Babcuck,  and 


'  a  genial  man.  His  life  of  his  relative,  John  Vas- 
sar, gathers  interest  not  only  from  the  worth  of 
its  subject  but  from  the  attractive  style  of  the  au- 
thor. When  Dr.  Siuith  resigned  the  secretaryship 
of  the  State  Convention,  Mr.  Vassar  was  sponta- 
neously chosen  as  his  successor,  and  he  is  ably  fiU- 

I  ing  the  phice. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  E.  L.,  was  bom  in  Carroll  Co., 
Va.,  Jan.  2t'i.  184.'),  and  was  left  an  orphan  at  an 

I  early  age.  Though  only  sixteen  at  the  opening  of 
our  civil  w.ar,  he  enlisted  in  the  army  and  served 
until  its  close.  He  was  converted  in  the  army 
during  the  year  1862,  and  began  to  preach  in  1S74. 
He  was  ordained  at  Macon,  Ga.,  in  1876,  studied 
one  term  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Sem- 
inary, and  then  entered  upon  a  useful  and  laborious 
career  as  a  missionary  of  the  State  Mission  Board. 
He  is  an  exceedingly  zealous,  faithful,  and  hard- 
working minister  of  the  gospel. 

!      Vaughan,  Henry,  was  bom  at  St.  Martin's, 


VAUGHAK 


1191 


VAUGHAN 


New  Brunswick,  where,  in  1828,  he  was  converted 
and  baptized  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Mr.  Coy. 
He  is  now  a  meiiiher  of  Germain  Street  Baptist 
church,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick.  He  is  a  wealthy 
ship-owner  in  that  city,  and  contributes  liberally  to 
the  support  of  the  church  and  to  denominational 
enterprises. 

.  Vaughan,  Rev.  Henry,  son  of  Simon  Vaughan, 
of  St.  Martin's,  New  Brunswick,  Wiis  converted 
and  baptized  at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  a 
■iraduate  of  Acadia  College,  and  studied  theology 
at  Newton.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  St.  George,  New  Brunswick.  -Jan.  8, 
1862,  and  in  186.'5  took  charge  of  the  Germain 
Street  Baptist  church,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 
He  died  Aug.  12,  1864,  deeply  lamented  by  his 
brethren  in  tho  provinces. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  Howell,  was  a  native  of  Wales, 
and  a  minister  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  In  1633 
a  Baptist  church  was  formed  at  01chron,in  Wales, 
of  which  Mr.  Vaughan  wiis  first  a  member,  and 
afterwards  the  pastor.  He  was  among  the  earliest 
of  our  brethren  in  modern  times  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel to  his  countrymen.  He  signed  the  minutes  of 
the  meeting  of  the  Ministerial  Association  which 
met  at  Abergavenny  in  1653. 

Vaughan,  Rev.  Thomas  M.,  son  of  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Viiughan.  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mason  Co.,  Ky., 
June  11,  1825.  He  was  educated  with  much  care 
under  several  teachers.  He  finished  his  literary 
education  at  Georgetown  College  in  1846.  He  then 
entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1847.  He  established  himself  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Versailles,  Ky.  He 
soon  acquired  a  good  reputation  as  a  lawyer,  and 
for  a  short  time  acted  in  the  capacity  of  circuit 
judge.  But  the  strong  conviction  of  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel,  which  he  had  felt  in  his  youth, 
returned  with  such  force  that,  in  1854,  he  resolved 
to  abandon  the  law  and  give  himself  to  the  minis- 
try. He  wa.s  licensed  to  preach  in  February,  1855, 
and  ordained  to  the  pastorate  of  Burk's  Branch 
church  in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  the  following  Septem- 
ber. The  next  year  he  accepted  the  care  of  Clay 
Village  church,  in  the  same  county.  He  ministered 
to  these  churches  until  1858,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Bowling  Green, 
■where  he  succeeded  Dr.  J.  M.  Pendleton.  In  1861 
lie  returned  to  Shelby  County  and  took  charge  of 
Simpsonville  church.  There  he  remained  nearly 
ten  years,  taking  rank  with  the  best  preachers  of 
the  State.  While  here  he  supplied  at  difierent. 
periods  the  churches  at  Buck  Creek,  Salem,  and 
Lawrenceburg.  In  December.  1870,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  church  at  Danville,  where  he  still  re- 
mains. In  1ST8  he  wrote  and  published  the  life 
of  his  father,  which  was  favorably  received. 

Vaughan,  William,  D.D.,  an  eminent  minister 


of  the  gospel  in  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Westmore- 
land Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  22,  1785.  His  parents  removed 
to  Kentucky  when  he  was  about  three  years  old, 
and  his  youth  was  spent  in  the  wilderness  of  the 


WILLI.4M    VArCHAN,  D.D. 

great  Southwest.  Upon  arriving  at  manhood  he 
manifested  a  strong  logical  minil  and  great  fondness 
for  study.  He  adopted  a  mechanical  pursuit,  and 
having  married,  located  in  Winchester,  Ky.  lie 
procured  the  writings  of  Paine,  Volney,  and  Vol- 
taire, professed  himself  a  deist,  and  united  with 
an  infidel  club.  About  three  years  after  this,  in 
1810,  be  was  converted  to  Christ,  and  became  a 
member  of  a  Baptist  church  in  Clark  Co.,  Ky. 
Was  licensed  to  preach  in  1811,  ordained  in  1812, 
and,  applying  him.self  to  study  with  great  indus- 
try, made  rapid  .advancement,  and  became  not 
only  a  good  English  scholar,  but  possessed  con- 
siderable attainments  in  the  Greek  language  and 
literature.  Soon  after  his  ordination  he  settled  in 
Mason  County,  where  he  preached  to  several 
churches,  and  taught  school  about  fifteen  years. 
In  1827  he  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  remained 
one  year,  and  returned  to  Kentucky.  He  was 
now  brought  into  conflict  with  the  disciples  of 
Campbell,  who  were  making  many  proselytes. 
Being  the  only  minister  in  Kentucky  at  that  time 
who  was  able  to  grapple  successfully  with  the  ad- 
herents of  the  new  doctrine,  he  was  encouraged  by 
the  churches  to  defend  their  principles  against  the 
assaults  of  Mr.  Campbell,  and  devoted  himself 
with  great  energy  and  extraordinary  ability  to  this 
work.     In  1831  he  accepted  the  appointment  of 


VAUGHAN 


1192 


VAWTER 


general  agent  for  the  American  Sunday-school 
Union,  and  continued  in  its  employment  two  and  a 
half  years,  in  tlie  face  of  oonsideral)le  opposition, 
establisliin<;  about  a  hundred  schools.  In  1835  he 
accepted  the  position  of  general  agent  for  Kentucky 
for  the  American  Bible  Society.  Six  months  al'ccr- 
wards  the  Baptists  withdrew  from  the  society,  and 
he  resigned.  In  1830  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
pastorate  of  BloouiHeld  church  in  Nelson  County. 
Here,  as  elsewhere,  he  was  held  in  high  esteem. 
He  preached  to  Bloomficld  cliurch  thirty-two  years. 
In  18G8,  in  consequence  of  an  injury  received  by 
a  fall,  he  resigned  his  pastoral  charge,  in  his 
eighty-fourth  year,  but  continued  to  be  a  close 
student,  and  to  preach  as  his  strength  would  serve 
him,  until  he  was  over  ninety-two  years  of  age. 
It  is  probable  that  no  minister  in  Kentuckj'  was 
ever  more  universally  loved  and  honored.  He  died 
March  31.  1877. 

Vaughan,  Wm.  R.,  A.M.,  M.D.,  principal  of 
theGordonsville  Female  Institute,  was  born  in  Eliz- 
abeth City  Co.,  Ya.,  in  1827.  The  earlier  part  of 
his  education  was  obtained  at  Hampton  Academy 
and  at  the  Columbian  College,  after  which  he  was 
graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College.  After 
having  graduated  in  medicine  also,  at  the  Virginia 
Medical  College,  Richmond,  he  took  a  course  of 
lectures  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
soon  after  entered  upon  an  extensive  and  lucrative 
practice.  He  was  baptized,  in  1848,  by  Dr.  Jeter, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  First  church,  Rich- 
mond. Early  in  the  war.  Dr.  A''aughan  was  selected 
as  one  of  Gen.  Magruder's  personal  staff  at  York- 
town,  and  served  with  great  Ijravery  and  efficiency. 
In  August  of  1861  he  was  appointed  full  surgeon 
with  the  rank  of  major ;  resigned,  and  took  a 
cavalry  command,  which,  owing  to  ill  health,  he 
also  resigned  in  June  of  1862.  In  1864  he  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  general  hospital  at 
Petersburg,  where  he  did  noble  service,  and  was 
acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  most  skillful  sur- 
geons in  the  Confederate  service.  After  the  close 
of  the  war,  Dr.  Vaughan  pursued  his  medical  pro- 
fession with  eminent  success.  He  has  always  been 
deeply  interested  in  Sunday-school  work  and  edu- 
cational movements.  As  a  Sunday-school  organizer 
he  has  but  few  equals,  while  as  a  Sunday-school 
teacher,  superintendent,  and  lecturer  he  has  been 
very  successful.  In  1860  be  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  Bristol  Female  College,  Tenn.,  where 
he  remained  one  session,  and  then  accepted  the 
position  of  principal  of  the  Culpeper  Institute, 
Va.,  where  he  built  up  in  a  short  time  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  female  seminaries  in  the  State. 
At  the  earnest  solicitation  of  many  friends  and 
prominent  gentlemen,  Dr.  Vaughan  opened  a 
school  of  high  grade  for  young  ladies  at  Gordons- 
ville,  where  he  is  putting  on  solid  foundations  one 


of  the  best  institutions  of  the  kind  in  Virginia. 
Had  Dr.  Vaughan's  health  permitted  him  to  remain 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  would  easily 
have  acquired  distinction  and  wealth.  As  a  teacher, 
he  is  enthusiastic  and  instructive,  winning  the  at- 
tention and  love  of  all  who  come  under  his  care. 
His  labors  as  a  Christian  layman  are  numerous 
and  successful,  being  specially  interested  in  efforts, 
to  develop  a  higher  education,  sanctified  by  divine 
truth.  As  a  writer,  he  is  vigorous  and  instructive, 
being  thoroughly  familiar  with  tlie  many  and 
varied  questions  that  touch  upon  science  and  re- 
ligion. He  is  a  frequent  conti-ibutor  to  the  press, 
both  secular  and  religious.  His  varied  stores  of 
information  make  him  a  most  interesting  conver- 
sationalist, and  his  genial  social  qualities  render 
him  a  most  companionable  co-laborer  in  the  dif- 
ferent fields  of  Cliristian,  literary,  and  scientific 
activity  in  which  he  is  so  usefully  enlisted.  Colum- 
bian University  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of 
A.M.  on  Dr.  Vaughan  in  1881. 

Vawter,  Rev.  Jesse,  was  bom  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  1,  1755.  He  was  converted  in  1774, 
and  joined  the  Rapidan  Baptist  church.  In  1781 
he  was  drafted  as  a  soldier  for  a  few  months.  In 
17'J0  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1806  to  In- 
diana. He  was  ordained  in  1800.  Among  other 
utterances  on  "  a  call  to  the  ministry"  we  record 
this,  written  by  his  own  pen  :  "  But  I  do  believe 
the  best  evidence  a  man  can  have  that  it  is  his  duty 
to  preach  is  the  voice  of  his  brethren,  for  no  man 
is  a  proper  judge  of  himself;  he  will  judge  too 
high  or  too  low  of  his  own  performances."  He 
helped  to  constitute  twelve  churches  and  three 
Associations.  He  was  regarded  as  a  father  in  all 
Southern  Indiana;  from  his  judgment  in  matters 
of  doctrine  or  polity  there  was  no  disposition  to 
dissent.  His  four  sons — John,  William,  Achilles, 
and  James — were  all  prominent  men  in  the  church. 
They  were  all  Baptists.     He  died  March  20,  1838. 

Vawter,  Rev.  John,  oldest  son  of  Jesse  and 
Elizabeth  A'awter,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1782,  in  Madi- 
son Co.,  Va.  His  father  removed  to  Kentucky  in 
17'J0.  Ten  years  afterwards  his  son  made  a  public 
profession  of  faith  in  Christ,  and  joined  a  Baptist 
church  near  Frankfort.  In  1807  he  removed  across 
the  Ohio  into  Indiana,  and  built  a  house  in  the 
forest,  where  North  Madison  now  stands.  He 
here  joined  the  Mount  Pleasant  church.  He  was 
the  first  magistrate  of  Madison.  He  was  appointed 
sheriff  of  Jefferson  and  Clarke  Counties.  President 
Madison  appointed  him  U.  S.  marshal  for  Indiana. 
In  1815  he  removed  farther  north,  and  began  the 
building  of  a  town,  which  he  called  Vernon.  In 
1816  he  and  seven  others  formed  the  Vernon  Bap- 
tist church.  In  May,  1821,  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  In  1831  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
lower  house  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1836 


VEAZV 


1193 


VERMONT 


WHS  sent  to  the  State  senate.  He  was  colonel  of 
militia  from  1817  to  1821.  lie  was  also  a  vice- 
president  of  the  convention  that  nciiiiinated  Presi- 
dent Taylor.  lie  was  an  acknowledged  leader 
among  the  Baptists  of  his  State,  having  been  fore- 


REV.  .TOIIN'    VAWTER. 

most  in  the  ovfianizatiim  of  many  churches  and 
Associations.  His  heart  swelled  with  the  desire 
of  liberty  for  mankind.  He  never  concealed  his 
sympathy  for  the  enslaved  race.  In  1S4S  he  re- 
moved to  Morgantown,  where  he  formed  a  church, 
and  labored  till  his  death.  He  was  straightfor- 
ward and  positive.  Ho  had  a  kind  heart,  and  was 
very  thoughtful  of  the  happiness  of  others.  He 
never  concealed  his  hatred  of  tdbaccc  He  died  at 
his  home  in  Morgaiitown,  Aug.  17.  1872. 

Veazy,  Deacon  John,  the  contemporary  and 
fellow-laborer  of  Jesse  Mercer,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  March  iJ'.t,  1709.  He  came  to  Georgia  in 
his  youth,  in  company  with  his  parents,  and,  not 
long  afterwards,  was  baptized  l)y  Silas  Mercer,  and 
received  into  the  Powelton  eburi-h,  Hancock  Co., 
of  which  church  he  remained  a  member  until  his 
death.  He  developed  into  a  Christian  of  rare  ex- 
cellence and  usefulness. 

He  entereil  into  the  missionary  enterprise  with 
all  his  heart,  and  stood  side  by  side  with  those 
wh"  formed  the  first  missionary  society  in  the 
State.  The  fast  friend  of  all  the  bencvcdent  opera- 
tions of  his  day,  ho  was  particularly  zealous  in  the 
distribution  of  tracts  throughout  his  neighborhood. 
While  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  cause  of  Christ 
generally,  the  welfare  of  the  old  Powelton  church 
76 


lay  especially  near  his  heart,  and,  during  the 
period  of  its  greatest  prosperity,  he  took  the  lead 
in  every  good  word  and  work.  He  died  Xov.  8, 
IS47,  in  the  seventy-ninth  year  of  his  age.  His 
name  is  yet  a  honsebold  word  in  Hancock  County. 

Venable,  Rev.  R.  A.,  pastor  at  Helena,  Ark., 
was  born  in  Georgia,  but  reared  in  Arkansas.  He 
was  educated  at  Mississippi  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated with  the  first  honors  of  his  class  in  1876. 
After  his  graduation  he  took  charge  of  the  high 
school  at  Eldorado,  Ark.,  for  two  years,  lie  was 
then  called  to  Okalona,  Miss.,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  He  entered  his  present  important  field 
in  the  beginning  of  the  present  year  (1880).  Mr. 
Venable  is  a  fine  scholar,  an  ('loi|uent  pre.iclier,  and 
a  sound  theologian,  and  is  fast  takinj;  a  prominent 
position  amiini;  the  rising  young  men  in  the  South. 

Vermont  Baptists. — lu  170s  the  first  Baptist 
church  in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Vermont  was 
formed  in  the  town  of  Shaftsbury.  It  arose  out 
of  the  New-Light  movement,  and  in  1788  it  had 
become  the  mother  of  three  other  churches  in  the 
same  town.  The  secoml  church  in  Vermont  was 
organized  in  the  town  of  Pownal  in  1773.  The.se 
two  towns  were  the  seats  {ral/iedra)  of  Baptist  in- 
fluence and  missionary  effort  for  a  considerable 
period  in  Vermont.  Towards  the  close  of  the 
1  Revolutionary  war  the  county  of  Windsor  in- 
creased rapidly  in  population,  and  with  the  new 
residents  several  Baptist  ministers  found  their  way 
to  that  section  of  Vermont.  A  church  was  formed 
in  Woodstock  in  1780,  of  which  Rev.  Elisha  Ran- 
som became  pastor.  Between  1780  and  1790  there 
were  thirty-two  churches  established  in  Vermont, 
making  with  the  five  previously  formed  thirty-seven 
churches,  in  which  there  were  28  ordained  minis- 
ters and  1600  communicants.  This  was  a  time  of 
great  zeal,  prayer,  and  efi^nt.  and  the  blessing  of 
God  descended  in  great  power  upon  the  struggling 
Baptist  communities  of  the  (ireen  Mountain  State. 

The  Baptists  suffered  severely  from  the  tyranny 
of  the  "standing  order"  at  this  period  in  Vermont, 
and  it  was  only  after  years  of  persistent  labor  that 
the  disabilities  under  which  they  groaned  were  re- 
moved, and  the  complete  separation  of  Church  and 
State  was  accomplished. 

The  Shaftsbury,  the  first  Baptist  Association, 
was  established  in  1780;  of  the  five  churches  com- 
posing it,  two  belonged  to  Vermont  and  three  to 
New  York  and  Ma.ssachusetts.  The  Woodstock 
Association  was  organizeil  in  1783  from  churches 
loeate<l  in  Vermont  and  in  New  Hampshire.  The 
church  of  Canaan,  of  which  I>r.  Thomas  Bahlwin, 
subserjuently  of  Uoston.  was  pastor,  was  one  of 
the  constituent  members  of  this  Association.  The 
celebrated  Aaron  Leland,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Vermont,  was  one  of  the  early  ministers  of  the 
Woodstock  Association.    The  Vermont  Association 


VERY 


1194 


VliWK 


was  fornipd  in  1785  of  five  churches.  There  iirc 
seven  Associations  in  the  Stiite,  the  hivi^est  of  which 
is  the  Lamoille,  and  the  smallest  tlie  Vermont  Cen- 
tral. In  these  seven  Associations  there  are  114 
churches,  79  pastors,  and  9870  niemhers.  There 
are  101  Baptist  Sunday-schools  in  the  State,  with 
ll(')2  officers  and  teachers,  and  9291  scholars. 
During  the  year  S6563.73  were  <;iven  for  henevo- 
lent  ohjects.  While  many  of  the  churches  are 
weak,  owinj;  to  removals  to  the  West,  others  are 
enjoying  encouraj;iii<i;  prosperity. 

The  Baptist  Convention  was  organized  in  1825, 
and  has  rendered  blessed  service  in  spreadina;  the 
gospel  in  Vermnnt.  Its  officers  in  1880  were.  Presi- 
dent, Rev.  D.  Spencer  ;  Vice-Presidents,  Rev.  M.  A. 
Wilcci-x,  Col.  J.  J.  Estey  ;  Secretary,  Rev.  W.  II. 
Ruijg;  Treasurer,  Gen.  George  F.  Davis.  Vermont 
has  also  a  Baptist  Historical  Society  and  a  Baptist 
Sahhath-School  Convention. 

Vermont  Baptists  have  been  the  warm  friends 
of  education  ;  they  aided  Hamilton,  and  they  have 
sustained  academies  among  themselves  with  great 
liberality.  They  have  placed  a  number  of  distin- 
guished men  in  the  governor's  chair  and  in  other 
secular  positions,  as  well  as  in  the  ministry  ;  and 
they  have  given  to  sister  States  some  of  our  finest 
scholars,  most  distinguished  educators,  and  ablest 
preachers. 

Very,  Rev.  Edward  D„  A.M.,  was  bom  in 
Salem,  IMass. ;  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College; 
ordained  pastor  at  Calais,  Me.  ;  became  pastor  at 
Portland  and  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  De- 
cember, 1846  :  he  was  the  founder  of  the  Christian 
Visilar,  commenced  in  1847,  and  continued  its 
editor  until  his  death,  June  7,  1852,  which  occurred 
in  returning  from  a  geological  expedition  to  Cape 
Blomedon.  Mr.  Very,  Prof.  Chipman,  and  four 
students  of  Acadia  College  were  drowned  in  the 
Basin  of  Mines.  The  Portland  church  and  the 
denomination  were  sadly  bereaved.  Mr.  Very 
was  a  sound  theologian,  an  able  preacher,  a  good 
counselor,  and  an  excellent  writer. 

Videto,  Rev.  Nathaniel,  was  born  in  Annapo- 
lis Co.,  Nova  Scotia;  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  1828  ;  was  ordained  successor  to  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Ainslie  in  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church,  AVil- 
mot.  Nova  Scotia,  May  10,  18.'?2,  and  continued  in 
that  office  for  forty  years,  during  which  time  large 
additions  were  made  to  the  membership  of  the 
church.  Mr.  Videto  is  a  powerful  advocate  of 
temperance  and  prohiliition. 

Vince,  Rev.  Charles,  was  bom  in  the  small  town 
of  Furnliam,  in  Surrey,  England,  in  1823.  In  his 
youth  he  diligently  improved  his  mind  by  study 
and  extensive  reading.  Reared  among  the  Congre- 
gational ists,  he  became  convinced  of  the  Scriptural 
authority  of  believers'  immersion,  and  was  bap- 
tized.    When  he  began  to  preach  in  the  neighbor- 


ing villages  he  leaped  at  once  into  popularity.  In 
1848,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  he  entered  Stepney 
College,  and  at  the  end  of  his  course  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Graham  Street  church, 
Birmingham.  The  church  met  in  a  large  building 
known  as  Mount  Zion  cliapel.     The  congregation 


REV.  CHARLES    VINCE. 

was  small,  and  the  debt  on  the  building  was  a 
lieavy  burden.  But  the  young  pastor  sliowed  that 
ho  was  eipial  to  the  situation.  The  spacious  chapel 
soon  became  filled  with  hearers,  and  every  good 
work  was  vigorously  prosecuted  by  his  people, 
led  and  animated  liy  their  large-hearted  and  saga- 
cious pastor.  His  sterling  common  sense  and  prac- 
tical wisdom  were  as  conspicuous  as  his  oratorical 
powers,  whilst  his  simple  piety  and  brotherly 
affection  won  the  hearts  of  all  who  came  into  per- 
sonal contact  with  liim.  In  all  the  midland  dis- 
trict of  England  he  was  by  common  consent  looked 
up  to  as  the  bishop  of  the  Baptists.  His  course 
was  one  of  unbroken  harmony  with  his  people,  and 
it  was  brilliantly  successful,  lie  was  greatly  sought 
after  for  extraordinary  services,  and,  so  far  as  he 
was  able,  he  held  liin)self  ready  to  serve  every  good 
cause.  The  London  May  meetings'  programme  was 
scarcely  ever  published  during  the  last  ten  or  twelve 
ye.irs  of  his  life  without  his  name  in  the  list  for  a 
sermon  or  a  speech.  As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Vince 
early  attained  a  standard  nearly  approaching  the 
general  ideal  of  perfection.  The  common  people 
heard  him  gladly,  Avhile  the  cultured  and  refined 
always  found  interest  and  instruction.  His  illus- 
trations were  generally  Biblical,  and   be  was  re- 


VIRGINIA 


1195 


VIRGINIA 


markably  fond  of  Bunyan's  viviil  iiim^ery  and 
quaint  humor.  For  several  years  the  great  city 
of  Birmingham  regarded  Charles  Vince  as  one 
of  her  chief  cliampions  of  civil  and  religious  lili- 
erty,  and  an  able  leader  and  counselor  in  all  phil- 
anthi'0|>ic  enterprises.  On  the  school  hoard  and  iin 
the  board  of  guardians  of  the  poor,  in  the  great 
gatherings  of  citizens  in  the  town-hall,  Mr.  Vince 
was  always  to  be  depended  on  for  wisdom  not  less 
than  eloquence.  He  was,  indeed,  a  public  man  of 
the  noblest  mould.  How  well  he  served  the  com- 
munity in  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens  was  tes- 
tified at  his  funeral  by  the  representatives  of  all 
classes  and  parties  and  sects.  The  chief  magistrate 
of  Birmingham,  and  deputations  from  all  the  pub- 
lic bodies,  the  ministers  of  the  various  Noncon- 
formist churches,  several  of  the  Established  clergy, 
the  Jewish  rabbi,  and  one  of  the  dignitaries  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  assembled  around  the 
grave  to  express  not  only  their  personal  respect, 
but  the  universal  sense  of  an  irreparable  loss. 
Baptists  from  all  parts  of  the  country  were  like- 
wise present  to  mourn  with  their  bereaved  brethren 
of  the  neighborhood.  In  the  very  prime  of  his 
powers  and  reputation,  only  fifty-one  3'oars  of  age, 
he  died  Oct.  22,  1874.  His  end  was  peace.  The 
doctrine  of  the  Cross,  which  had  ever  been  promi- 
nent in  his  preaching,  was  dear  to  him  in  death. 
Among  his  last  articulate  utterances  was  heard 
the  words, — 

"  Rock  of  ages,  cleft  for  me, 
Let  me  hide  [uyself  in  thee." 

Virginia,  The  Baptist  General  Association 

of. — The  first  General  Assemblies  of  Baptists  in 
this  State  were  called  Yearly  Meetings.  These 
were  mass-meetings  for  worship  and  conference, 
usually  held  in  May  and  October,  and  began  as 
early  as  1750.  When,  from  denominational  growth, 
they  became  inconvenient.  District  Associations 
were  formed  composed  of  delegates  from  churches. 
The  first  District  As.sociation  composed  wholly  of 
Virginia  Baptist  churches  was  the  Ketockton,  or- 
ganized Aug.  l".t,  17(il'i.  It  comprised  four  churches, 
three  of  which  had  been  dismis,scd  from  the  Phila- 
delphia Association  in  170.')  fur  this  purpose.  May 
11,  1771,  at  Craig's  ineeting-house,  in  Orange 
County,  twelve  churches  formed  the  General  As- 
sociation of  Separate  Baptists  in  Virginia,  called 
also  Kiipidan  Association.  At  its  meeting  in  1775 
it  included  si.\ty  churches. 

Severe  persecutions  caused  vigorous  efforts  to 
secure  religious  liberty.  A  general  combination 
of  Baptists  became  necessary,  and  they  organized, 
Oct.  9,  1784,  a  General  Committee  composed  of  del- 
egates from  District  Assdciations.  This  continued 
until  May,  1800,  when  the  General  Meeting  of 
Correspondence  wtis  formed,  with  composition  and 
objects  similar  to  tho.se  of  the  General  Committee. 


When  .security  of  conscience,  worship,  and  privi- 
leges had  become  assured  by  law,  the  churches 
turned  to  missions  and  other  general  work.  The 
conception  of  a  General  Association  for  missionary, 
educational,  Bible,  Sunday-school,  and  other  enter- 
prises originateil  in  a  conversation  between  the 
Rev.  James  Fife  and  the  Rev.  Edward  Baptist,  and 
on  June  7,  1823,  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  Virginia  was  formed  at  a  meeting  held  in  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Richmond,  Va.  Fifteen 
delegates  and  a  few  visitors  were  present,  none  of 
whom  survive.  Robert  B.  Semple  was  the  first 
moderator.  Wm.  Todd  was  clerk.  Robert  B. 
Semple  preached  the  introductory  sermon.     There 

j  were  then  in  the  State  20  District  Associations 
with  about  40,000  members,  white  and  colored. 
The  first  missionaries  of  the  General  Association 
were  Daniel  Witt  and  Jeremiah  Bell  Jeter.  The 
General  Association  gradually  secured  the  co-oper- 
ation of  all  the  Baptists  in  the  State  except  a  small 

\  number  oppo.sed  to  "'  modern  societies,''  and  calling 
themselves  "  Old-School  Baptists.''  The  growth 
of  the  General  Association  has  been  regular  and 
rapid;  its  sessions  have  been  always  well  attended 
and  harmonious,  its  supporters  zealous  and  liberal, 

1  and  its  work  greatly  blessed.  At  the  semi-centen- 
nial meeting  held  with  the  Second  Baptist  church 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  it  had  137  life-members,  of 
whom  62  were  present.     T'here  were  present  over 

j  1000  delegates,  and  100  visitors  from  other  States 
or  general  organizations. 

The  General  Association  is  composed  of  life- 
members,  made  such  on  payment  of  S200  to  its 
objects,  and  annual  members  contributing  $25 
yearly,  or  delegates  from  contributing  churches, 
societies,  etc.  Each  member  must  be  ''an  orderly 
member  of  some  i-cgular  Baptist  church."  It  has 
a  president,  four  vice-presidents,  a  treasurer,  a  sec- 
retary and  assistants,  a  statistical  secretary,  and 
five  boards,  which  administer  its  plans  and  work, 
and  which  report  annually.  Its  boards  are  State, 
foreign  and  home  missions,  education  and  Sunday- 
school  and  Bible.  It  has  a  Ministers'  Relief  and 
an  Historical  Society.  All  business  is  transacted 
in  Associational  sessions  and  not  by  the  separate 
"  Society"  system.  The  annual  receipts  have  risen 
to  the  aggregate  of  over  S24,00O,  which  includes 
only  what  passes  through  its  own  treasury.  It 
employs  44  State  missionaries.  Since  18()3  the 
colored  Baptists  have  formed  and  maintained  sepa- 
rate organizations  in  Virginia.  The  General  Asso- 
ciation includes  22  District  Associations,  comprising 
677  churches,  379  ministers,  and  06,715  members. 
In  the  whole  State  there  are  32  Associations,  1346 
churches,  718  ministers,  and  207,559  members.  In 
1832  the  Education  Society  founded  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Seminary,  which  became,  in  1843,  Rich- 
mond College.     It   has  educated   for  the  ministry 


VIRGINIA 


1196 


VOGELL 


about  300  younj;  men.  A  very  large  part  of  the 
Baptist  cliurches  in  Vir<;inia,  and  most  of  those  in 
West  Virginia,  were  organized  throiigli  tlie  labors 
of  the  missiiinaries  of  the  General  Association,  the 
elBoient  secretary  of  its  State  Mission  Board,  the 
lion.  Henry  K.  Ellysim,  having  for  many  years 
zealously  performed  his  labors  without  pecuniary 
reward. 

Among  the  officers  and  members  of  the  General 
Association  have  been  some  of  the  most  pious, 
prominent,  and  honored  Baptist.s  in  the  land.  The 
organizatiiin  has  .secured  unity  of  energies  and 
given  a  great  impulse  to  the  enterprise  of  Virginia 
Baptists.  Its  meetings  are  largely  attended,  devo- 
tional, and  spirited.  Its  policy  has  ever  been  ex- 
pansive, aggressive,  and  prudent.  Many  thrilling 
events  mark  its  history.  It  has  oiteupicd  destitute 
sections,  aided  feeble  chiirclies,  cstablisliod  Sunday- 
schools,  built  "  church  houses,"  and  participated  in 
all  gooil  work  for  gospel  growth.  Virginia  Baptists 
love  anil  sustain  it.  and,  best  of  all,  God  blesses  it. 

Virginia,  Baptists  of.— The  earliest  account 
of  any  Bajjlists  in  Virginia  is  the  statement  of  Rev. 
Morgan  Edwards,  that,  in  169-5,  there  were  some 
Baptists  in  North  Carolina  who  had  gone  over 
from  Virginia  to  escape  the  intolerance  of  the  laws 
of  the  latter  colony.  The  first  organized  church 
of  which  we  find  mention  is  that  at  Barley,  Isle  of 
Wight  Co.,  to  which,  in  1714,  the  Rev.  Kobert 
Nonlain  came  from  Kngland  as  pastor.  From 
labors  in  this  vicinity  several  churches  were  formeil, 
which  in  part  composed  the  Kehukee  Association, 
organized  in  1765.  In  1743  some  Baptists  from 
Chestnut  Ridge.  Md.,  removed  tn  Opeckon  Creek, 
now  Occoquan,  in  Prince  William  County,  an<l 
constituted  the  Occoquan  church  in  1743,  with  the 
Rev.  Henry  Loveall  as  pastor.  The  church  was 
afterwards  called  Mill  Creek.  Other  churches  were 
organized,  and  some  joined  the  Philadelphia  Asso- 
ciation, from  which  they  were  regularly  dismissed 
to  form,  with  another  church,  the  Ketockton  A.sso- 
ciation,  in  Loudon  County.  This  was  the  first  Dis- 
trict Association  wholly  composed  of  Virginia  Bap- 
tist churches.  Many  churches  along  the  southern 
border  of  the  State  belonged  to  the  Sandy  Creek 
Association,  mainly  in  North  Carolina,  and  formed 
in  -January,  1758.  All  the  associated  Baptist 
churches  of  the  State  belonged  to  one  of  these 
three  Associations.  The  Sandy  Creek  churches 
were  called  "Separate  Baptists"';  the  Kehukee 
churches,  ''General  Baptists"'  ;  and  the  Ketockton 
churches,  "  Strait,"  or  "  Calvinistic,"'  or  "  Regular 
Baptists."  These  all  coalesced,  adopting  the  doc- 
trinal formulary  of  the  "  Regular"  Baptists  as 
their  "  Basis  of  Union"  in  1787.  The  "Separate 
Baptist  Association,"  or  "General  Association  of 
Separate  Baptists,""  or  "  Rapidan  Association," 
was  organized  May  11,  1771. 


Some  of  the  early  laws  against  "  Dissenters"  in 
Virginia  bore  heavily  against  Baptists,  and  they 
were  severely  persecuted.  The  first  imprisonment 
of  preachers  was  that  of  -lohn  Waller,  Lewis  Craig, 
.James  Cliilils,  and  others.  .June  4.  17fiS,  in  Spott- 
sylvania  County.  Many  other  cases  followed  else- 
where, accompanied  often  with  fines,  whipping,  and 
other  penalties.  These  trials  awakened  a  sturdy 
determination  to  sweep  away  all  civil  obstacles  to 
religious  liberty.  To  combine  efl'orts,  a  "  General 
Committee"  was  formed,  Oct.  U,  1784,  of  two  dele- 
gates from  each  Association,  the  "  General  Asso- 
ciation" having  been  dissolved  in  1783.  Four  As- 
sociations were  represented.  Instead  of  this  "  Gen- 
eral Committee,"  which  had  nobly  and  effectively 
served  its  purposes,  the  "General  Meeting  of  Cor- 
respondence'" was  formed  of  delegates  from  Associa- 
tions in  May,  18(10.  This  continucil  as  the  State 
board  of  Baptist  co-opcratiou  until  .June  9,  1823, 
when  the  present  "  Baptist  General  Association  of 
Virginia"  was  organized  for  missionary,  Sunday- 
school,  and  other  work.  What  is  now  West  Vir- 
ginia was  part  of  the  field  cultivated  by  the  General 
Association. 

Baptists  more  than  any  others,  and  sometimes 
against  a  combined  opposition,  secured  complete  re- 
ligious freedom  for  Virginia.  Many  were  whipped, 
imprisoned,  fined,  or  mobbed,  and  remarkable  cxses 
of  steadlastness,  heroism,  and  sacrifice  are  recorded 
in  Virginia  Baptist  history.  Tlicv  have  grown  in 
numbers,  intelligence,  influence,  and  enterprise, and 
now  outnumber  any  other,  indeed,  almost  all  other 
religious  denominations  in  the  State.  They  have 
one  college  at  Richmond,  and  many  academies  for 
males  and  fi'niales,  under  Baptist  auspices.  Since 
1863  the  colored  churches  have  constituted  theu)- 
selves  separately,  and  have  their  own  Associ.itions. 

Virginia  Baptists  point  to  their  history  with 
gratitude  to  God  and  to  the  memory  of  their 
pioneers  in  the  faith.  Their  ministry  is  the  peer 
of  any  other  in  piety,  intelligence,  power,  and  en- 
terprise. Their  churches  number  1346;  ordained 
ministers,  718:  members,  207,'i-J9  ;  .Associations,  32. 

The  Baptists  of  Virginia,  in  patriotism,  in  heroic 
sufferings  for  Christ,  in  zeal  to  spread  the  gospel  in 
their  own  and  in  other  States,  and  in  success,  have 
made  for  themselves  a  glorious  record  ;  Virginia 
Baptists  have  given  to  several  other  States  their 
divine  principles,  and  preachers  who  constructed  a 
multitude  of  Baptist  churches. 

Vogell,  Henry  C,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New  York, 
June  1,  iNUt)  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1827;  or- 
dained at  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  in  1831  ;  pastor  in  Gro- 
ton,  Seneca  Falls,  Elmira.  and  Rome,  N.  Y. ;  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Union 
College,  Schenectady.  Dr.  Vogell  has  intellectual 
powers  of  a  high  order,  and  has  rendered  important 
services  to  the  Savioui-'s  cause  in  New  York. 


n\iCo 


119V 


WAFFLE 


w. 


Waco  University,  Waco,  Texas.— In  1845, 

when  there  were  only  12(J<J  Baptists  in  the  State, 
they  founded  Bayk)r  University.  But  Baylor 
University  was  located  in  Southern  Texas.  At 
tliat  time  the  bloody  Comanche  and  wild  Waco 
Indians  covered  all  the  great  wheat  region  of  Cen- 
tral and  Northern  Texa.s.  And  it  became  evident 
in  18.55  that  Baylor  University  could  not  meet  the 
growing  wants  of  the  whole  State.  Hence  the 
Baptists  of  Central  Texas  originated  Waco  Uni- 
versity for  "  the  great  wheat  and  stock  region"  of 
a  State  seven  times  larger  than  New  York. 

The  president  and  professors  who  had  conducted 
Baylor  University  for  ten  years  with  so  much  6lat, 
impressed  with  the  great  advantages  of  Waco  as 
the  seat  of  a  Baptist  university,  resigned  their  po- 


affection  and  confidence  of  the  thousands  whom 
they  have  educated  in  Texas  during  the  last  thirty 
years,  and  of  many  others. 

Dr.  R.  C.  Burleson  is  the  honored  president  of 
this  eminently  useful  institution. 

Wade,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Otsego, 
N.  v.,  Dec.  lU,  1T'.)8.  '■  He  was  the  first  Hamilton 
student."  He  graduated  in  1822.  lie  sailed  for 
Burmah  from  Boston  in  .Tune.  1823.  His  literary 
activity  is  remarkable  :  he  has  prepared  a  Karen 
dictionary ;  he  has  aided  in  the  translation  of  the 
I  Scriptures  into  the  language  of  the  Karens  ;  he  has 
published  several  books  and  tracts  in  the  tongues 
of  the  Burmese  and  the  Karens.  He  thinks  with 
clearness,  he  lives  near  to  God,  and  he  preaches 
with  power.     He  has  been  a  missionary  fifty-seven 


WArO     rXIVERSITV. 


sitions  in  Baylor,  and  accepted  similar  offices  in 
Waco  University. 

Waco  University  became  a  success  at  once,  and 
for  the  last  eighteen  years  it  has  matriculated  more 
students  than  any  university  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River. 

The  citv  of  Waco  has  over  10,000  inhabitants,  who 
for  morality,  refinement,  and  intelligence  will  com- 
pare favorably  with  any  city  in  .\merica.  Waco  is 
justly  called  "the  Athens  of  Texas,"  and  next  to 
Richmond,  Va..  has  the  largest  percentage  of  Bap- 
tists of  any  city  in  the  world.  It  was  the  first 
leading  institution  that  adopted  the  co-education 
of  the  sexes. 

Tlie  property  of  Waco  University  is  estimated  .it 
$53.()(X)  in  library,  apparatus,  telescope,  buildings, 
lands,  pledges,  and  notes.  Four  brick  buildings 
two  stories  high  have  been  erected  and  finished  : 
and  a  strong  effort  will  be  made  to  erect  this  year 
the  grand  central  three-story  building,  and  add 
$50,iX)0  to  the  endowment  fund. 

The  president  and  professors  of  Waco  live  in  the 


vears.     He  is  held  in  honor  by  every  Christian  in 
I  Burmah,  and   by  all    the    friends  of  missions  in 
America. 
Waffle,  Prof.  Albert  E.,  A.M.,  was  born  in 

Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y..  Nov.  14,  1  s4('j.  lie  graduated 
at  Madison  University  in  1872.  having  taken  several 
honors,  among  them  the  Senior  prize  for  oratory. 
After  pursuing  theological  studies  in  the  seminary 
he  was  called  to  Remsen  Avenue  Baptist  church 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  in  April,  1873.  He  was 
ordainoii  as  the  first  pastor  of  that  church  on  May 
2'.',  anil  the  new  church  edifice  was  dedicated  on  the 
same  dav.  On  the  I'.'lh  of  the  following  June.  Mr. 
Waflle  married  Miss  Mary  R.  Harvey,  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Harvey,  of  the  Hamilton  Theological 
Seminary.  During  the  next  seven  years  he  labored 
efficientiv  in  New  Brunswick,  baptizing  271  con- 
verts, building  up  the  I'hurch  in  the  city,  and 
greatly  developing  its  spirituality  and  benevolence. 
A  close  and  tender  attachment  was  created  between 
pastor  and  people,  which  was  wiilely  shared  by  all 
who  knew  of  the  pastor's  devotion,  especially  bis 


WAGGENKR 


II '.IS 


WAIT 


fellow-ministers,  by  whom  his  character  and  tal- 
ents were  warmly  appreciated.  In  August,  ISSO, 
Mr.  WatHe  was  invited  to  the  Crozer  professorship 
of  Uhctoricin  the  university  at  Lcwisburg,  and  at 
the  same  time  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  that  place.  Both  positions  were  accepted,  and 
in  both  he  continues  (1881)  to  render  able  and 
valued  services.  Prof.  Waffle  is  a  man  of  high 
ideals,  especially  in  all  that  pertains  to  spirituality 
of  life  and  character,  a  good  scholar,  a  sound  theo- 
logian, a  clear,  forcible,  and  impressive  preacher, 
and  a  thorough  and  inspiring  teacher.  His  mind 
is  characterized  by  clearness  and  range  of  intu- 
ition, rather  than  by  dialectic  subtilty,  or  by  strong 
and  spontaneous  feeling.  His  style  is  correspond- 
ingly lucid  and  informing,  rather  than  severely 
argumentative  or  brilliantly  imaginative.  He  has 
thus  far  published  nothing  but  newspaper  articles, 
occasional  sermons,  and  a  single  tract.  The  qual- 
ity of  these  reveals  powers  of  composition  which 
may  yet  do  great  service  to  literature. 

Waggener,  Leslie,  LL.D.,  president  of  Bethel 
College,  Uusscllville,  Ky.,  was  born  in  Todd  Co., 
Ky.,  Sept.  11,  1841.  He  united  with  a  Baptist 
church  in  his  youth,  and  has  since  remained  an 
earnest,  active  Christian.  lie  graduated  at  Bethel 
College  in  1800,  and  the  same  year  entered  the 
Senior  class  at  Harvard  University,  graduating 
next  year.  On  his  return  from  college  he  entered 
the  Southern  army  as  a  private ;  was  shot  through 
the  lungs  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh  ;  recovered,  and 
continued  in  military  service  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  having  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant. On  his  return  home  he  became  a  teacher 
in  the  preparatory  department  of  Bethel  College, 
and,  after  three  years,  was  elected  Professor  of 
Knglish.  In  1873  was  made  chairman  of  the 
faculty,  and  in  1877  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  college. 

Wait,  Samuel,  D.D. — One  of  the  most  judicious 
ministers  of  the  State  is  accustomed  to  say  that  I'r. 
Wait  did  more  for  the  development  of  North  Caro- 
lina than  any  man  who  ever  lived  in  the  State. 
Whether  this  be  true  or  not,  it  is  certain  that  his 
influence  upon  the  Baptists  was  very  great  and 
very  good  ;  and  as  the  man  to  whom  more  than  to 
any  other  they  are  indebted  for  their  State  Con- 
vention as  the  first  agent  of  that  body,  and  espe- 
cially, as  the  founder  of  Wake  Forest  College,  he 
has  laid  his  people  under  the  most  sacred  obliga- 
tions ever  to  cherish  his  memory  with  grateful 
affection. 

Dr.  Wait  was  born  in  Wasliington  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  19,  1789;  was  baptized  in  Vermont,  March 
12,  1809;  ordained  at  Sharon,  Norfolk  Co.,  Mass., 
June  3,  1818.  Feeling  the  need  of  a  better  educa- 
tion, he  went  to  Columbian  College,  AVashingtun, 
D.  C.     It  seems  that  his  diploma  bears  the  seal  of 


Waterville  College,  Me.,  though  liis  course  of 
study  was  pursued  at  Columbian  College,  prob- 
ably because  the  latter  was  not  then  empowered  to 
confer  degrees.  He  was  for  a  time  tutor  in  Colum- 
bian College,  and  first  came  to  North  Carolina  in 
February,  1827,  with  Dr.  Staughton,  on  a  collect- 
ing t<iur  for  the  college.  Passing  through  New- 
lierTi,  Dr.  Wait  made  a  favorable  impression  on 
the  Haptists  of  the  place,  and  he  settled  as  their 
pastor  in  November,  1827.  It  would  seem  that  in 
passing  through  North  Carolina  his  mind  was 
looking  to  the  development  of  the  North  Carolina 
Baptists,  for  his  journal  shows  that,  soon  after,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  he  asked  Dr.  Manly  if  he  did 
not  think  a  State  Convention  might  be  organized 
in  North  Carolina.  Dr.  Manly  feared  that  the 
time  for  such  a  movement  had  not  yet  come,  but 
we  no  sooner  find  Dr.  Wait  settled  at  Newbern 
than  we  see  him  laboring  for  the  accomplishment 
of  two  things, —  the  organization  of  a  Convention 
and  the  establishment  of  a  Baptist  organ.  The 
Convention  he  was  permitted  to  see  formed,  in 
JMarch,  1830,  in  Greenville,  Pitt  Co.,  and  he  was- 
not  only  present  at  its  organization  butbecame  its 
first  corresponding  secretary.  For  four  years  he 
traveled  over  the  State,  preaching  the  gospel,  en- 
lightening the  people  as  to  the  cause  of  missions, 
removing  prejudices,  and  uniting  the  disii\tcgrated 
Baptists  into  one  body.  So  fully  satisfied  was  he 
at  this  time  of  the  necessity  of  a  periodical  that, 
though  no  one  knew  who  would  publish  such  a 
paper,  or  when  or  where  it  would  be  issued,  he 
began  to  take  the  names  of  subscribers  at  once, 
and  thus  prepared  the  way  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Recorder,  which  began  a  few  years  later.  In 
August,  1832,  the  Convention,  sitting  at  Reeves' 
chapel,  Chatham  Co.,  resolved  to  establish  a  man- 
ual labor  school  at  Wake  Forest,  and  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  secure  a  man  from  the  North  to 
take  charge  of  it.  In  December  following  the  board 
of  the  Convention  met  in  Raleigh,  and  the  former 
committee  having  failed  to  secure  a  master  for  their 
school,  a  new  committee,  consisting  of  Wm.  Hooper, 
Tlios.  Meredith,  John  Armstrong,  and  Samuel 
Wait,  was  appointed,  and  three  of  this  committee 
recommendi'd  Samuel  Wait  for  this  position.  Dr. 
Wait  accepte<l  the  appointment,  but  was  advised 
to  continue  his  agency  "for  the  Convention,  as 
the  school  was  not  yet  ready  to  go  into  opera- 
tion." The  year  1833  was  spent  in  circulating 
information  about  the  school,  in  securing  students, 
and  furniture  for  the  new  establishment.  From 
this  time  till  June,  1846,  a  period  of  fourteen 
years.  Dr.  AVait  was  the  president  of  this  institu- 
tion. In  18r)l  he  became  president  of  a  female 
school  in  Oxfor<l,  having  spent  the  intervening 
years  as  pastor  of  Yancey  ville  and  Trinity  churches, 
in  Caswell  County.    After  five  years'  service  in  this 


WAKE  FOREST 


1109 


WAKE  FOREST 


position,  he  retired  to  the  lioiue  of  his  only  ehilil, 
Mrs.  J.  B.  Brewer,  at  Wake  Forest  College,  and 
spent  the  evening  of  his  days  amid  the  scenes  of 
his  usefulness,  surrounded  by  loving  kindred,  and 
honored  and  respected  by  all.  He  died  July  2S, 
1SG7.  The  State  Convention,  which  met  in  Golds- 
borough  the  next  autumn,  e-xpressed  the  desire 
that,  as  his  history  would  be  largely  the  history  of 
the  denomination  in  North  Carolina,  a  memoir  of 
him  should  be  prepared  by  some  suitable  person. 
It  was  understood  that  Judge  -John  Kerr  was  se- 
lected by  his  family  to  perform  this  service,  and  he 
expressed  his  willingness  to  undertake  the  grateful 
task,  but  for  some  cause  it  was  never  done. 

Wake  Forest  College. — About  18.32  much  in- 
terest was  taken  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States 
in  manual  labor  schools.  In  1832  the  Baptist: 
State  Convention,  then   lesp  than   two  years  old, 


of  the  Legislature  by  a  considerable  majority,  but 
was  a  tie  in  the  senate,  and  was  saved  by  the  cast- 
ing vote  of  Mr.  Mosely,  the  president.  In  1839 
the  college  building  was  finished.  Ft  was  of  brick, 
132  feet  long,  61J  feet  wide,  and  four  stories  high, 
and  cost  something  over  S14,()0(t. 

Dr.  Wait  was  president  till  I.S40,  wlii^n  Dr.  Wm. 
Hooper  was  called  to  that  position.  Discouraged 
by  the  heavy  debts  of  the  college,  he  retired  after 
two  years'  service,  when  Rev.  J.  B.  White,  a  grad- 
uate of  Brown  University,  and  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  became  president.  In  1853  he  re- 
moved to  Illinois,  and  I'ruf  W.  H.  Owen  was 
chairman  of  the  faculty  until  June,  IS.'ii,  when 
Dr.  W.  M.  Wingate,  who  had  been  laboring  for 
two  years  to  endow  the  college,  became  president, 
and  continued  to  hold  the  position  till  his  death,  in 
February,  IST'.I, — a  period  of  twenty-five  years. 


WAKE    FOKEST    COT.LEGE. 


bought  a  farm  of  615  acres,  lying  in  Wake  County, 
sixteen  miles  north  of  Kaleigh,  fori?200(),  and  began 
a  manual  labor  school,  under  the  name  of  Wake 
Forest  Institute. 

In  1833  the  Baptist  State  Cdtivention,  which 
held  a  session  of  six  days  at  Carlledge's  Creek,  in 
Richmond  County,  appointed  a  board  of  forty 
trustees,  all  of  whom  are  now  dead  except  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Stradley,  of  Asheville,  and  Hon.  George 
W.  Thompson,  of  Wake  County. 

In  December,  1833,  Dr.  Samuel  Wait  was  chosen 
as  principal  of  the  school,  and  Ilev.  John  Arm- 
strong, one  of  the  teachers,  was  put  into  the  field 
to  raise  money  to  equip  the  school  properly.  There 
were  no  iidequate  buildings  on  the  place,  and  but 
little  furniture  on  hand  when  the  school  began  op- 
erations in  February,  1834,  with  twenty-five  pupils. 
By  August  there  were  seventy  pupils,  and  within 
a  little  more  than  a  year  from  its  origin  the  in- 
stitution was  blessed  with  three  gracious  revivals, 
a  token  of  the  spiritual  tone  and  power  which  have 
marked  the  whole  history  of  the  institution. 

In  1839  the  manual  labor  system  was  .aban- 
doned, and  a  college  charter  was  procured  with 
some  difficulty.     The  bill  passed  the  lower  branch 


In  July,  1879,  Rev.  Thomas  11.  Pritchard,  D.D., 

was  chosen  president,  and  is  working  earnestly  to 
Imild  up  the  college. 

At  the  opening  of  the  war  the  college  had  an  in- 
vested endowment  of  about  §85,000,  with  bonds 
worth  $30,000 ;  at  its  close,  all  was  gone  except 
about  $14,000  of  railroad  stock.  It  now  has  an  in- 
vested endowment  of  $48,000.  Three  good  build- 
ings, one  of  which,  the  one  mentioned  above,  is 
devoted  to  dormitories  ;  the  second,  to  chapels  and 
I  lecture-rooms;  the  third,  to  society-halls,  library, 
j  and  reading-room.  The  last-mentioned  building 
was  a  present  three  years  ago,  from  Messrs.  J.  M. 
Heck  and  -John  G.  Williams,  of  Raleigh,  and  cost, 
with  furniture,  about  $14,000.  The  second  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1879,  and  cost  about  $12,000, 
and  is  called  Wingate  Memorial  Hall,  in  honor  of 
i  the  late  president.  The  library  contains  about 
8000  volumes,  and  is  handsomely  fitted  up. 

The  college  had  last  year  181  students  in  attend- 
ance, and  its  income  was  about  $9000.  Thirty-two 
young  ministers  attended,  who  paid  no  tuition  fees. 
The  whole  college  expenses  for  a  year  are  a  little 
less  than  $200.  The  faculty  of  the  college  consists 
of  eight  members  :  T.  II.  Pritchard,  D.D.,  president, 


]rAKE}fAK 


120() 


WALDKKSEfi 


and  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy;  W.  (1.  Sim- 
mons, Professor  of  Natural  Science ;  W.  Uoyall, 
D.D.,  Professor  of  Modern  Lan<;uagcs ;  \V.  B. 
Royall,  Professor  of  r.rcek  ;  L.  R.  Mills,  Professor 
iif  Mathematics  ;  C.  E.  'J'aylor,  Professor  of  Latin  ; 
W.  L.  Potcat,  Assistant  Professor  of  Natural  Sci- 
i-nee;  an<l  C.  W.  Scarhoro,  Tutor  of  Mathematics. 
The  collese  is  nearly  out  of  deht,  and  the  last 
year  (18X0)  has  heen  the  most  prosperous  of  its 
history. 

Besides  Wake  Forest,  the  Baptists  of  North 
Carolina  have  excellent  fem.ale  schools  in  the 
(Thowan  Institute;  AVilson  Seminary,  of  which 
Mr.  John  B.  Brewer,  a  ;;randson  of  Dr.  Wait,  and 
a  graduate  of  Wake  Forest  Colle;;c,  is  president 
and  proprietor;  Thomasville  Female  College,  pre- 
sided over  hy  Mr.  II.  W.  Kinehart,  who  is  also  the 
proprietor:  Oxford  Female  College,  of  which  Prof. 
F.  P.  Ilobgood  is  principal.  In  llendersonville 
there  is  a  mixed  school,  known  as  Judson  College, 
and,  in  addition,  there  are  male  academies,  such  as 
Reynoldson  Institute,  inGates County  ;  CedarCreek 
and  Carolina  Academies,  in  Anson  County  ;  Salem 
Academy,  in  Sampson  County  ;  Warsaw  High 
School,  in  Duplin  County  ;  Yadkin  Institute  ;  Lil- 
lington  Academy,  in  Harnett,  and  others. 

Wakeman,  Rev.  Levi  H.,  of  Connecticut  ori- 
gin ;  studied  in  New  Haven  ;  ordained  pjistor  of 
the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Middletown,  Conn., 
in  I84.'i;  subsequent  settlements,  First  Baptist 
church  in  Woodstock,  in  Stepney,  and  in  Willing- 
ton,  Conn.,  Three  Rivers  and  East  Longmeadow, 
Mass. ;  now  residing  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

Waldenses,  The,  are  the  most  interesting  peo- 
ple in  Europe.  Their  history  reaches  hack  to  the 
period  when  popes  gathered  armies  without  diffi- 
culty to  desolate  j)rosperous  Albigensian  regions 
of  what  is  now  the  French  republic,  when  the 
Bible  was  almost  an  unknown  book,  and  when  the 
intellect  and  liberties  of  Europe  were  in  shackles, 
except  in  the  ca.se  of  heretical  heroes,  who  were 
treated  as  outlaws  by  the  banded  priests  and  tyrants 
of  the  Old  World.  We  speak  of  this  people  with  rev- 
erence, and  think  of  their  long  records  of  fidelity 
and  suffering  with  tender  affection. 

There  is  nothing  reliable  about  the  Waldenses 
before  the  time  of  Peter  Waldo,  of  Lj-ons.  It  is 
likely  that  in  their  celebrated  valleys  a  people  who 
hated  Romish  errors,  and  loved  the  atoning  Saviour, 
lived  from  the  time  of  Claude,  bishop  of  Turin,  in 
the  ninth  century.  It  is  possible  that  such  a  com- 
munity may  have  served  God  in  these  secluded  re- 
treats from  a  much  earlier  period.  But  we  have 
no  clear  testimony  on  this  question. 

Peter  Waldo,  a  wealthy  citizen  of  Lyons,  was 
converted  about  1160,  by  a  sudden  death  which 
occurred  at  a  public  meeting  which  he  attended. 
He  had  an  extraordinary  desire  to  see  the  Word 


of  Ciod  in  a  good  translation,  and  for  this  purpose 
he  employed  Stephen  de  Ansa  and  Bernard  Ydroa 
to  prepare  him  such  a  work  in  the  Romance  lan- 
guage. He  first  procured  the  gospels,  and  then  by 
degrees  the  entire  Bible.  He  also  had  a  collection 
of  choice  sayings  prepared  fr<im  the  early  fathers, 
on  faith  and  practice.  Filled  with  the  hope  of 
he.aven,  he  distributed  his  projierty  among  the  poor 
and  scattered  copies  of  his  Bible  around,  and  con- 
verts rewarded  his  zeal  and  rejoiced  the  angels. 
The  archbishop  of  Lyons  denounced  Waldo  and 
his  efforts,  but  the  seal  of  Christ  was  upon  the 
enterprise,  and  the  gospel  leaven  workeil  mightily. 
He  was  compelled  to  leave  Lyons,  and  many  of 
his  adherents  followed  him.  He  entered  Dauphiny. 
where  his  labors  resulted  in  a  great  harvest  of  con- 
verts ;  by  persecution  he  was  driven  into  Picardy, 
where  the  gospel  as  the  saving  power  of  God  pro- 
iluced  the  same  heart-changing  fruits  ;  from  France 
his  disciples  pressed  into  Italy,  and  the  Piedmontese 
mountains,  where  the  Protestant  bishop  of  Turin 
three  centuries  before  had  sowed  the  seed  of  the 
blessed  gospel,  gave  them  a  comparatively  secure 
refuge  from  armed  superstition  ;  from  France  the 
reformer  of  Lyons  procoedcd  to  (iermany,  where  his 
usu.ll  reception  awaited  him  from  the  common 
people,  and  from  the  priests  and  rulers.  Some 
fifty  years  after  the  death  of  Waldo  there  were 
multitudes  of  heretics  in  the  districts  of  the  Rhine 
and  elsewhere  in  the  fatherland  of  Luther.  At 
Triers  "  there  were,"  says  Neander,  "  three  schools 
of  the  heretics ;  there  seem  to  have  been  various 
sects,  it  is  true  ;  but  the  spread  of  German  versions 
of  the  Bible,  and  the  doctrine  of  the  universal  priest- 
hood (of  Christians),  are  certainly  marks  which 
indicate  the  Waldenses."  Waldo  finally  retired 
to  Bohemia,  where  he  led  throngs  of  men  to  Jesus, 
who  continued  to  uphold  the  banner  of  the  Cross 
for  generations.  Altogether  the  Waldonsian  move- 
ment was  a  manifest  work  of  God,  and  its  tri- 
umphant progress  gave  the  papacy  the  heaviest 
blows  and  the  greatest  fears. 

The  Waldenses  were  not  Albigenses,  Kathari,  or 
Paterines.  They  lived  frequently  in  the  same  re- 
gions, and  held  many  things  in  coininon  with  them, 
but  they  had  a  different  origin  and  birthplace,  and 
came  into  existence  hundreds  of  years  later. 

The  Waldenses  were  persecuted  with  atrocious 
cruelty,  and  hosts  of  them  were  wickedly  put  to 
death. 

They  have  no  writings  older  than  the  end  of  the 
twelfth  century.  "The  Treatise  on  Antichrist" 
and  "  The  Noble  Lcs.son"  are  supposed  to  have 
been  published  at  the  close  of  the  twelfth  century. 

Their  theology  in  most  features  is  like  the  Prot^ 
estant  system  of  the  present  day,  and  it  is  a  perfect 
contr.ist  to  the  scheme  of  Rome. 

On  baptism  the  Waldenses  were  divided.     There 


WALKER 


1201 


WALKER 


is  reason  to  believe  that  some  of  them  practised  in- 
fant baptism.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  scmic  of  them 
were  Qualters  about  baptism  iiml  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per. The  inquisitor,  Reinerius  S;ieclio,  is  thecliief 
authority  about  tlie  Waldenscs,  to  whom  lie  did 
not  belong,  and  the  Albigenscs,  with  whom  he  was 
a  member  for  seventeen  years  ;  be  states  about  the 
AValdenses  that  "  they  say  a  man  is  then  first  bap- 
tized when  he  is  received  into  their  sect.  f>omenf 
Ihcm  hold  that  haplism  is  ';//('/  use  to  little  childmi, 
liecause  Iheij  are  not  yet  aitmillij  able  In  \,eliere'  (Qui- 
dam  eoruui  baptismum  parvulis  non  vaicre  tradunt, 
CO  quod  nonduni  actualiter  credere  possunt).  (Al- 
lix's  "Churches  of  Piedmont,"  p.  206.  Oxford, 
1821.)  The  celebrated  Du  Pin  gives  Reinerius  the 
weight  of  his  great  learning  and  truthfulness  as  he 
quotes  his  statement,  '"  And  first  about  baptism 
they  say,  that  the  preliuiinary  admonition  is  worth 
nothing;  that  the  washing  of  infants  is  of  no  avail 
to  them  ;  that  the  suretiex  do  not  understand  what 
they  answer  to  the  priest."  (II.  482.  Dublin.) 
There  is  no  reasonable  ground  for  doubting  that 
for  a  long  period  the  Baptists  were  respectably 
represented  among  the  '"  Poor  of  Lyons,"'  the  "  Le- 
onists,"  the  "  Waldenses." 

The  Walden,ses  loved  the  Scriptures,  could  repeat 
entire  books  with  ease,  sometimes  the  whole  Xew 
Testauient,  and  were  extremely  anxious  to  circu- 
late Bibles,  and  to  read  tlieiii  to  men.  Reinerius, 
the  apostate  and  papal  inquisitor,  gives  the  well- 
known  representation  of  the  Waldensian  peddler, 
who,  after  selling  articles  to  ladies  in  splendid 
homes,  tells  theui  abuut  a  richer  jewel,  which,  if 
the  situation  is  favorable,  he  presents  :  and  they 
see  and  speedily  hear  the  Scriptures  read  and  ex- 
pounded. The  business  of  the  traveling  merchant 
is  undertaken  only  to  make  known  the  teachings 
of  the  Bible.  According  to  the  testimony  of  their 
greatest  enemies  they  were  humble,  truthful,  self- 
sacrificing  Bible  Christians. 

In  1530,  according  to  I>u  Pin,  the  Waldenses 
united  with  the  Reformers,  and  were  persuaded 
to  renounce  certain  peculiarities  which  heretofore 
they  held,  and  to  receive  doctrines  which  till  then 
had  been  foreign  to  their  creed.  This  new  arrange- 
ment harmonized  the  reformations  of  the  twelfth 
and  sixteenth  centuries,  and  probably  removed 
Baptist  doctrines  from  the  valleys  of  Pieilmont. 
This  ancient  community  is  now  Presbyterian,  and 
h.ad  its  delegate  in  the  recent  Pan-Presbyterian 
Council  in  Philadelphia. 

Walker,  Deacon  Austin  Martin,  M.D.,  was 

born  ill  I'litiiaiii  Co..  (ia..  uii  tin:  .')th  of  .Viigust. 
180S.  Ilis  early  education  was  received  from  Wil- 
li.am  11.  Seward,  who  at  that  time  taught  school  in 
Putnam  County.  Mr.  AValker  graduated  at  the 
State  University,  and,  whilst  residing  in  Athens, 
connected  himself  with  the  Baptist  church  of  that 


city  when  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  On 
leaving  college  he  took  a  course  of  medical  lectures 
in  Philadelphia,  and  afterwards  practised  medicine 
there  for  four  years.  After  his  return  to  Oeorgia 
he  married  and  settled  in  Columbus,  where  he  as- 
sisted in  organizing  the  first  Baptist  church  in  that 
city.  He  was  a  planter.  When  on  his  death-bed. 
in  1846,  Deacon  James  Boykin  sent  for  Dr.  AValker, 
blessed  him,  prayed  that  his  own  mantle  might  fall 
on  him,  and  requested  that  he  should  be  made  a 
deacon  by  the  cliurcli.  This  was  done  :  and  Dr. 
Walker  continued  an  active,  zealous,  pious,  and 
faithful  deacon  the  rest  of  his  life,  lie  was  a 
wealthy  man,  and  gave  freely  to  the  cause  of  Christ. 
He  was  a  thoroughly  conscientious  man,  and  a 
strict  Bible  Baptist.  He  believed  strongly  in  the 
maintenance  of  church  discipline,  and  in  orderly 
Christian  conduct.  He  was  a  close  and  earnest 
student  of  the  Bible,  and  to  his  death,  at  the  age  of 
seventy,  he  was  either  a  superintendent  or  teacher 
in  the  Sunday-sclionl.  lie  regularly  employed  min- 
isters to  preach  to  the  servants  on  his  plantations, 
and  when  possible  attending  the  meetings  himself. 
So  great  was  the  devotion  of  bis  servants  to  him 
that,  even  when  emancipated,  they  desired  to  sign 
a  paper,  contracting  to  preserve  the  relation  of 
master  and  slave  for  life.  Of  course  this  was  not 
done,  but  it  showed  how  great  was  their  love  for 
him,  and  their  confidence  in  him.  The  last  years 
of  Dr.  Walker's  life  were  spent  in  Macon,  Ga.. 
where  he  was  a  deacon,  his  membership  being 
transferred  from  Columbus.  He  died  peacefully 
on  the  3il  of  June,  1878,  highly  respected  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

Walker,  Hon.  Charles,  was  one  of  those  earl- 
iest and  most  inHuentially  identified  with  the 
growth  of  Chicago  and  the  West.  Born  at  Plain- 
field,  Otsego  Co.,  X.  Y.,  in  1802,  early  a  Christian, 
and  always  a  Baptist,  he  had  identified  himself 
with  the  business  and  religious  interests  of  Chi- 
cago some  years  before  he  became  a  resident  there, 
in  1847.  In  that  year  he  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church,  and  until  his  death,  in  June,  1868, 
he  was  one  of  its  most  active,  liberal,  and  influen- 
tial members.  lie  was  identified  from  time  to 
time  with  some  of  the  most  important  secular  en- 
terprises upon  a  large  scale  centring  at  Chicago. 
•■  The  first  shipment  of  any  kind  made  fmm  that 
port  is  believed  to  have  been  made  by  him.  The 
first  shipment  of  wheat  certainly  was.  The  first 
of  the  railroads  running  out  of  the  city — the  Ga- 
lena and  Chicago — owed  its  early  vigor  largely  to 
his  enterprise,  courage,  and  faith,  while  his  far- 
seeing  views  contributed  much  to  inspire  those 
other  great  undertakings  which  made  Chicago  at 
length,  what  he  always  believed  it  would  become, 
the  commercial  centre  and  metropolis  of  the  West." 
Mr.  Walker,  withal,  was  a  devout  Christian  and  an 


WALKER 


1202 


WALKER 


earnest  Baptist.  lie  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and  until  his  death  served 
upon  its  hoard  of  trustees,  while  all  the  various 
missionary  enterprises  of  the  denomination  shared 
in  his  sympathy,  his  counsels,  and  his  gifts. 

Walker,  Rev.  C.  W.,  was  horn  in  Ilolden, 
Worocstcr  Co,,  Mass.,  Foh.  13,  1814;  attended  the 
Worcester  .M:ii\iial  Lahor  IIi;;li  School,  under  the 
prineipalship  of  Dr.  Sihis  Bailey,  wlierc  he  was  con- 
verted ;  stu<tied  at  Watcrville  College,  Me.  After 
being  principal  of  several  high  schools  and  acade- 
mies, and  rendering  eminent  service  to  the  cause  of 
education,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  Aug.  Ifi, 
I8G0,  as  pastor  of  the  church  of  Essex,  N.  Y.  In 
1862  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  cliurch 
of  North  Stratford,  \.  11.  In  1804  he  was  ap- 
pointed chaplain  of  the  l.st  N.  II.  Heavy  Artillery. 
In  1878  he  took  oliarge  of  the  chinches  in  LittU- 
Blue  Valley  and  Joy  Creek,  Kansas.  In  1880  lie 
began  to  preach  at  Xollenburg.  .Mr.  Walker  is  pos- 
sessed of  scholarly  attainments,  and  as  a  teacher 
and  preacher  has  acroniplished  miicli  iiood. 

Walker,  Eev.  Jacob  Garrett,  A.M.,  was  born 
at  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  28, 


REV.  JACOB    G.\RRETT    WALKER,  A.M. 

1840:  baptized  March  21,  1858,  by  Rev.  N..Judson 
Clark  ;  graduated  from  Philadelphia  Central  High 
School  in  1808,  and  from  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa.,  in  1862,  subsequently  receiving  the  de- 
gree of  A.M.  from  both  institutions.  In  January, 
1863,  became  principal  of  public  schools  at  Phoe- 
nizville,  Pa.,  ami  continued  in  that  position  three 
years  and  a  half;  during  part  of  this  time  sup- 


plied the  neighboring  church  at  Pughtown,  Pa., 
and  subsequently  became  pastor  there  until  May 
31,  18(i8,  having  been  ordained  Dec.  5,  1865.  In 
October,  1808,  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Bal- 
ligomingo,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  until  Novem- 
ber. 1872,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Mantua 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  still  remains. 

Mr.  Walker,  while  a  most  diligent  and  success- 
ful pastor,  is  also  •deeplj'  interested  in  the  general 
work  of  the  denomination.  He  has  done  efficient 
service  as  president  and  secretary  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Ministers'  Conference.  In  1877  he  was  made 
moderator  nf  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association, 
and  since  that  time  has  been  its  clerk  and  the 
secretary  of  its  board  of  trustees.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  various  boards,  and  a  curator  of  the 
university  at  Lewisburg.  He  has  written  consider- 
ably for  the  press,  has  been  twice  poet  at  Lewisburg 
commencements,  and  was  the  poet  of  the  Valley 
Forge  Centenary  in  1878.  Since  1871  has  been 
editor  of  the  '"  Baptist  Year-Book."  He  is  very 
popular  both  iis  pastor  and  preacher,  has  a  clear 
incisive  mind,  is  a  thorough-going  Baptist,  has 
maintained  an  unblemished  character,  and  is  uni- 
versally regarded  as  one  of  the  wisest  and  best  of 
the  Philadelphia  Baiitist  ministers. 

Walker,  Hon.  James  Otis,  was  born  in  AVhi- 
ting,  \  t.,  Aug.  IJ,  I77^.  His  native  place  was  a  new 
settlement,  and  had  a  sparse  population.  Such, 
however,  was  his  thirst  for  knowledge  that  it  is 
said  "he  used  to  lie  in  the  corner  in  the  evenings 
and  read,  having  only  pine-knots  for  a  light,  occa- 
sionally going  to  school  for  a  few  weeks."  He 
held  the  office  of  civil  magistrate  for  thirty  years. 
It  is  referred  to  "  as  a  proof  of  the  high  estimation 
in  which  he  was  held  that,  while  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  Whiting  was  a 
strongly  anti-Masonic  town,  he  held  his  office 
through  the  entire  struggle  in  respect  to  Masonry, 
and  such  was  the  confidence  reposed  in  his  integrity 
that  none  of  his  most  bitter  opponents  questioned 
the  propriety  of  his  retaining  his  office."  For 
several  years  he  represented  the  town  in  the  State 
Legislature.  No  man  was  more  public-spirited 
than  he.  Calls  were  constantly  made  upon  him 
for  aid  to  build  churches,  pay  ministers"  salaries, 
support  benevolent  and  educational  causes,  and  the 
appeals  were  not  made  in  vain.  "  His  pen  was 
often  employed  by  public  request  in  the  preparation 
of  temperance  addresses,  in  which  reform  he  took 
a  deep  interest."  In  his  old  age  he  was  paralyzed, 
but  amid  all  the  decays  of  nature  he  kept  a  genial 
spirit,  and  was  busy  and  active  in  his  habits  to  the 
last.  lie  early  connected  himself  with  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  lived  and  died  in  its  fellowship.  His 
death  occurred  Nov.  27,  1857. 

Walker,  Eev.  Jeremiah,  was  bom  in  Bute 
Co.,  N.  C,  about  1747.     In  early  life  he  was  called 


WALKER 


1203 


WALKER 


into  the  peace  of  Christ  and  haptized.  lie  pos- 
sessed extraordinary  talents  as  a  thinker  and  as  a 
speaker,  and  he  soon  became  a  great  preacher.  In 
1709  he  took  charge  of  the  Nottoway  church,  Va., 
and  in  a  few  years,  assisted  by  brethren  called  to  the 
Saviour  and  introduced  into  the  ministry  through 
his  instrumentality,  he  established  between  twenty 
and  thirty  churches  south  of  the  James  Kiver.  lie 
was  a  natural  orator,  an  exemplary  Christian,  and 
a  magnet  to  attract  the  love  of  men.  He  was  a 
burning  and  a  shining  liglit.  He  was  incarcerated 
in  CiiesterficM  jail  for  preaching  without  lawful 
autliority.  and  released  with  additional  popularity. 
His  ministry  had  enjoyed  the  divine  favor  in  a  re- 
markable measure,  an<l  its  fruits  were  ciinspicuous 
all  over  Virginia.  He  was  tempted  and  fell  into 
immorality,  and  after  some  years  of  Christian  con- 
duct he  lapsed  from  purity  again.  On  repenting 
of  his  evil  ways  he  embraced  Anninian  doctrines, 
and  advocated  them  even  to  the  extent  of  schism 
among  his  brethren,  lie  was  a  great,  and  for  many 
years  a  good,  man,  and  then  a  wreck  in  morals  and 
in  doctrines.  He  died  Nov.  20,  1792,  a  forgiven 
sinner. 

Walker,  Col.  John  B.,  is  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  .M:idison.  (la.,  and  a  man  whose  intelli- 
gence, liberality,  piety,  and  public  spirit  made  him 
widely  known  and  highly  respected.  He  was  born 
in  Burke  County  in  1804  or  180.5.  lie  had  the 
best  academical  advantages.  He  stuilied  law, 
but  never  engaged  in  the  practice,  his  large  prop- 
erty denumding  all  «{  his  time  and  attention.  He 
has  given  his  tliousands  to  the  cause  of  religion 
and  education.  Joining  the  church  at  thirty,  he 
has  for  nearly  half  a  century  been  a  useful  church 
member  and  Sunday-school  worker.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  board  of  trustees  of  Mercer 
University,  as  he  was  al.so  of  Mei-cer  Institute. 
Mercer  University,  the  Georgia  Female  College, 
the  Madison  Baptist  church,  and  many  other  good 
causes  have  largely  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  his  liber- 
ality. During  the  war  his  large  mansion  in  Madi- 
son was  a  hospital,  opened  freely  for  the  benefit  of 
all,  and  the  entire  means  at  his  disposal  were  subject 
to  the  demands  iif  charity.  In  the  Madison  church 
he  has  long  been  a  pillar,  and  in  the  community 
where  he  has  dwelt  for  seventy  years  no  man  stands 
higher  in  public  estimation. 

Walker,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  bom  in  Delaware 
Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.il-4,  17.S7.  Hi;  was  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Wilming- 
ton, Del.,  in  180G.  lie  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Marcus  Hook  in  1824,  and  for  twenty- 
four  years  he  preached  the  gospel  in  that  place. 
In  LS48  he  became  pastor  of  the  Brandywine 
church.  Pa.,  where  he  served  the  Lord  with  great 
fidelity  and  success  for  twenty  years.  He  then  re- 
signed, and  went  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he  rested 


from  his  labors  in  the  house  of  his  son-in-law.  Dr. 
Trevor,  Feb.  28,  1870.  Mr.  Walker  was  beloved 
by  the  whole  Philadelphia  Association,  of  which, 
for  some  years  before  his  death,  he  was  the  oldest 
ministerial  member.  He  was  full  of  brotherly 
affection  and  of  the  grace  of  God.  His  Christian 
life  was  a  precious  gospel  sermon,  and  his  death 
was  a  heavy  bluw  to  a  multitude  of  the  friends  of 
Jesus.  In  his  two  fields  of  labor  he  was  regarded 
by  Christians  and  unconverted  persons  as  a  tender 
father,  an  Israelite  indeed. 

Walker,  Eev.  Levi,  M.D.,  was  born  in  17^4  in 
Massachusetts  ;  removed  to  Maine  ;  converted  in 
1804;  for  a  time  a  Methodist  circuit  preacher;  be-' 
came  a  Baptist,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  ;  still  preached  ;  studied 
medicine  and  was  a  physician  ;  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Warwiiik,  K.  I.,  in  1816  ;  settled 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Preston,  Conn.,  in 
1819;  in  1823  removed  to  a  fiirm  in  North  Ston- 
ington,  Conn. ;  preached  with  success  in  various 
places ;  organized  the  first  Sunday-school  in  the 
town  ;  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Third  Baptist 
church  in  North  Stonington  ;  accomplished  much 
in  his  two  professions  ;  a  man  of  talents  and  toil ; 
his  wife,  Phebe,  a  superior  woman,  died  in  An- 
dover,  Conn.,  Feb.  II,  1880,  aged  ninety-two 
years  ;  had  three  sons  who  became  Baptist  min- 
isters,— Rev.  Levi,  Rev.  William  C,  and  Rev.  Orin 
T., — last  two  now  liviug.  He  died  Dec.  12,  1869, 
aged  eighty-five  years. 

Walker,  Rev.  Levi,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  Levi  and 
Phebe  Walker,  was  born  March  22,  1811  ;  con- 
verted in  1829  ;  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Third 
Baptist  church  in  North  Stonington  ;  ordained 
and  settled  as  pastor  in  Tolland,  Conn.  ;  served 
churches  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire; 
stricken  by  disease,  died  in  Griswold,  Conn.,  Feb. 
2,  1^39.  in  his  twenty-eighth  year. 

Walker,  Rev.  0.  T.,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Pres- 
ton, Conn.,  Feb.  1,  1822.  He  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Levi 
Walker,  M.D.  He  studied  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
and  at  Washington  College,  Hartford,  Conn.  lie 
entered  the  ministry  when  twenty-four,  and  was 
ordained"  at  Orleans,  Mass.  He  was  six  years 
pastor  of  the  Second  church  of  New  London, 
Conn.,  where  he  baptized  about  200.  He  was  six 
years  pastor  of  the  First  church  of  Trenton,  N.  J., 
where  during  his  oversight  a  large  and  splendid 
church  edifice  was  built,  about  300  persons  were 
baptized,  and  the  church  was  greatly  strengthened. 
He  was  six  years  pastor  of  Bowdoin  Square  church, 
Boston,  during  which  time  he  baptized  nearly  300. 
The  church  was  almost  ready  to  disband  when  Mr. 
Walker  began  his  labors,  but  the  blessing  of  God 
attended  the  eflbrts  of  the  new  pastor,  and  the 
faith  and  hopes  of  the  church  were  soon  wonderfully 
enlarged. 


WALKER 


1204 


WALLACE 


Mr.  AValkcr  has  servpil  iis  pastor  in  riiicniro,  111., 
Merideii,  Conn.,  Providence,  U.  I.,  ami  in  Orleans, 
Mass.  His  present  charge  is  the  Harvard  Street 
church,  Boston,  where  he  lias  lahored  five  years. 
When  Mr.  Walker  entered  upon  his  second  pas- 
torate in  Boston  the  nioetinii-house  had  been  closed 
for  a  time,  and  the  coni;rei;ation  was  scattered  ; 
l)iit  under  God  the  church  has  heen  blessed  with 
numerous  and  valuable  additions,  and  a  ^ood  Sun- 
day-school and  an  overflowing  prayer-meeting  have 
heen  jjathered. 

Mr.  Walker  is  an  indefatigable  worker,  ready 
for  any  errand  of  mercy.  Very  popular  among  the 
sick,  the  mourners  weeping  for  their  loved  dead, 
and  the  happy  candidates  for  the  nuptial  blessing. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  in  and 
around  Boston,  whose  labors  have  been  greatly 
l>lessed  out  of  it  as  well  .is  in  it. 

Walker,  Rev.  Sanders,  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  most  useful  pioneer  ministers  of  Geor- 
gia. Born  March  17,  1740,  in  Prince  William 
Co.,  Va.,  he  was  a  singular  instance  of  the  trans- 
forming power  of  God's  grace.  Of  an  unmanage- 
able temper  before  conversion,  his  heart  ami  nature 
were  so  changed  by  the  Holy  Spirit  that  he  was 
ever  afterwards  distinguished  fur  the  meekness  and 
gravity  of  his  deportment.  Among  all  who  knew 
him  the  meeic  Sanders  Walker  was  a  proverbial  ex- 
pression. He  began  to  preach  in  North  Carolina 
in  1707,  and,  about  four  years  afterwards,  moved 
to  a  place  in  Bute  C!o.,  N.  C,  notorious  for  wick- 
edness and  ignorance  of  religion  ;  but  his  Master 
was  with  him,  and  in  a  short  time  a  considerable 
church  arose  under  his  ministry.  He  removed  to 
Georgia  in  1772,  and  joined  the  Kiokee  church, 
being  still  unordained  ;  but  he  must  have  been  or- 
dained prior  to  May  20,  177."',  as  his  name  appears 
on  the  Presl)ytery  which  ordained  Abraham  Mar- 
shall at  that  time.  In  Georgia  he  labored  mostly  in 
Wilkes  County,  where  he  resided,  and  he  is  thought 
to  have  been  mainly  instrumental  in  the  constitu- 
tion of  Fishing  Creek  church,  the  fifth  formed  in 
the  State.  He  finished  his  course  with  joy,  in  the 
sixtv-fifth  year  of  his  age,  in  1S05. 

Walker,  Rev.  William  Carey,  son  of  Rev. 
Levi  and  Phebe  (Burroughs)  Walker,  was  born  in 
Warwick,  R.  I.,  Dec.  24,  181S;  became  a  teacher; 
converted  at  the  age  of  fourteen  ;  united  with  First 
Baptist  church  in  Westerly.  R.  I.,  in  1837 ;  re- 
moved to  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  in  18.38,  and  to 
Hartford  in  18:59;  studied  for  the,  ministry  from 
1841  to  1845,  preaching  two  years  for  South  Wind- 
sor church;  settled  with  First  Baptist  church  in 
Groton,  Conn.,  and  was  ordained  in  June,  184.5; 
remained  five  years;  settled  with  the  church  in 
Willington  in  1850;  continued  six  and  a  half 
yejirs;  settled  in  Putnam  six  and  a  half  years; 
entered  the  Union  army  as  chaplain  of  the   ISth 


Conn.  Vol.  Regiment  of  Infantry,  serving  one  year 
and  a  half,  till  close  of  war;  settled  with  New 
Britain  church.  Conn.,  for  about  six  years;  every- 
where favored  with  success  and  revivals;  since 
1871  has  been  a  missionary  and  Sunday-school 
worker  for  the  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion, four  of  the  years  with  the  Sunday-schools; 
always  an  evangelist  in  spirit ;  earnest  and  wise 
worker  ;  active  for  education,  temperance,  and  anti- 
slavery  ;  advocate  of  missions ;  served  on  school 
committees  ;  wrote  largely  for  the  Cliristian  Secre- 
tary, in  the  interests  of  the  cluirches  and  schools; 
wrote  the  history  of  the  18tb  Conn.  Vol.  Regiment 
of  Infantry  ;  for  last  two  years  has  been  a  repre- 
sentative from  Andover,  Conn.,  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature ;  still  serving  the  State  as  a  missionary. 
Mr.  Walker  is  one  of  the  noble-hearted,  laborious, 
honored,  and  Miccessliil  ministers  of  Connecticut. 

Walker,  Rev.  William  P.,  was  born  in  .Jack- 
son Co.,  W.  Va,.  May  14.  1834.  In  18,55  he 
married  Miss  McClung,  in  Nicholas  County,  and 
.soon  after  united  with  the  Mount  Pleas.ant  church, 
and  became  at  once  an  active  worker.  In  a  short 
time  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  entered  Alle- 
ghanv  College,  where  he  remained  until  18GI.  lie 
was  ordained,  and  ]ircached  in  Nicholas  and  Fa- 
yette Counties  until  18()5,  when  he  became  pastor 
of  Williamstown  and  Pleasant  Valley  churches,  in 
Wood  County.  He  remained  in  this  locality  about 
twelve  years.  About  1877  he  removed  to  Hunting- 
ton, and  became  pastor  of  a  church  of  not  a  score 
of  members,  but  which,  under  his  faithful  labors, 
has  grown  to  IH),  The  church  has  bought  a  par- 
sonage worth  i?1000,  and  is  now  nearly  self-sup- 
porting. 

Mr.  Walker  has  lor  many  years  lieen  president 
of  the  General  .Association  of  the  State,  also  agent 
for  Shelton  College  ;  is  one  of  the  very  best  preach- 
ers and  pastors  in  the  State,  and  has  always  given 
entire  satisfaction  to  his  brethren  in  every  posi- 
tion. 

Wallace,  Lady  Craigie.— Chambers,  in  his 
"Domestic  Annuls  of  Scotland''  (ii.  213),  says, 
"  Wliere  there  liad  formerly  been  no  avowed  Ana- 
baptists there  wore  now  many,  so  that  thrice  in  the 
week,  namely,  on  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, there  were  some  dipped  at  Bonnington  Mill,  be- 
tween Leith  and  Edinburgh,  both  men  and  women 
of  good  rank.  Some  d.ays  there  would  be  sundry 
hundred  persons  attending  that  action,  and  fifteen 
persons  baptized  in  one  day  by  the  Anabaptists. 
Among  the  converts  was  the  Lady  Craigie  Wal- 
lace, a  lady  in  the  west  country.  In  :vutumn,  at 
Cupar,  Mr.  Brown,  preacher  to  Fairfax's  regiment, 
rebaptized  several  of  the  soldiers  in  the  Eden,  near 
to  Airdrie's  lodging,  by  dipping  them  over  head 
and  ears,  many  of  the  inhabitants  looking  on." 
This  \v;is  in   1052.     The  doctrines  of  the  Baptists 


WALLACE 


1205 


WALLER 


were  carried  to  Scothiml  by  the  English  army, 
and  tlieir  form  of  Ijaptism  seemed  attractive  to  the 
cautious  people  of  that  country. 

Wallace,  Rev.  Isaiah,  son  of  Rev.  .lames  Wal- 
lace, was  horn  in  llillshorou^h,  New  Brunswick, 
Jan.  17,  1826.  lie  was  converted  eiH-ly,  and  hap- 
ti'/.ed  by  Kev.  Samuel  Elder  in  l.S4iS.  He  grad- 
uated from  Acadia  College  in  1855,  and  was 
ordained  April  3,  1856.  He  became  pastor  at 
Miramichi  in  185S,  at  Carleton,  St.  John,  in  1860. 
From  1861,  Mr.  Wallace  held  successively  the  pas- 
toral office  in  Nova  Scotia  in  Lower  (jranviUe,  Mil- 
ton, Yarmouth  County,  and  Berwick,  and  has  been 
agent  for  the  Home  Mission  Board.  As  pastor 
and  evangelist,  his  labors  have  been  very  success- 
ful in  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Wallace,  Rev.  James,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1797, 
at  Hopewell,  New  Brunswick.  He  was  converted 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  .Joseph  Crandall,  and 
baptized  by  him  in  1826.  Mr.  Wallace's  pastoral 
and  missionary  labors  in  Albert,  Westmoreland, 
and  Kings  Counties,  New  Brunswick,  proved  a 
great  blessing  to  the  churches  and  jx'ople  there. 
He  preached  successfully,  and  baptized  many  con- 
verts in  these  couiitie-;.      lie  died  March  7,  1871. 

Wallace,  Hon.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  Sept.  7,  1812  ;  was  educated  at  William 
and  Mary  College  and  at  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia. He  practised  law,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  during  the  sessions  of  1S50- 
51.  It  was  mainly  through  his  instrumentality 
that  the  elegant  house  of  worship  erected  by  the 
Baptists  of  Petersburg  was  completed.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  First  church  of  that  city  for  a  long 
time,  and  one  of  its  deacons,  and  the  efficient  su- 
perintendent of  its  Sunday-school.  Mr.  Wallace 
was  a  man  of  wealth  and  influence,  and  he  used  his 
influence  and  money  for  the  cause  of  Christ.  He 
died  May  14,  1868. 

Waller,  Rev.  Edmond,  son  of  Rev.  William 

Edmond  AVallcr,  anil  brother  of  the  distinguished 
Rev.  George  Waller,  was  born  in  Spottsylvania 
Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  II,  1775.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Kentucky  about  1781,  and  settled  in 
Fayette  County.  lie  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bryant's  Station  in  1798,  and  in  1801  he 
removed  to  Anderson  County,  and  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  at  Salt  River  church.  He  traveled 
and  preached  in  the  new  settlements  for  .some 
years.  In  1808  he  was  called  to  Hillsborough 
church  in  Woodford,  and  the  next  year  to  Mount 
Pleasant  in  Jessamine  County.  With  these  and 
some  other  churches  in  that  region  he  labored 
during  the  ri'mainder  of  bis  life.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  popular  and  useful  ministers  of  his  gen- 
eratioTi  in  that  part  of  Kentucky.  Ho  died  in  1842. 
Waller,  Rev.  George,  son  of  Rev.  William  Ed- 
mond  AValler,  a  well-known   Baptist  minister  in 


Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  a  nephew  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Rev.  John  Waller,  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  in  1777.  He  re- 
moved with  bis  father  to  Kentucky  about  1781, 
locating  for  a  slmrt  time  in  Lincoln,  and  then 
settling  in  Fayette  County.  In  1798  he  removed 
to  Shelby  County,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father 
into  the  fellowship  of  Buck  Creek  Baptist  church, 
in  that  county,  in  1801.  He  was  ordained  in 
1802,  and  succeeded  bis  father  (who  ba<l  returneil 
to  Virginia)  in  the  pastorate  of  Buck  Creek 
church,  a  position  he  occupied  fifty  years.  He 
was  pastor  of  Burk's  Branch  church  about  forty 
years,  and  of  Bethel  church  a  shorter  period,  and 
he  was  a  missionary  to  Louisville  before  there 
was  a  church  in  that  city.  He  traveled  over  the 
State,  preaching  in  the  interest  of  missions.  He 
was  editor  of  a  weekly  Baptist  payior  published  at 
BloomBeld,  Ky.,  about  1827,  and  was  moderator 
of  Long  Run  Association  twenty-five  years  in  suc- 
cession, preaching  the  introductory  sermon  before 
that  body  seven  times.  He  was  a  strong,  logical 
])re.acher,  and  few  men  were  more  widely  known, 
or  exercised  a  greater  influence  in  his  State,  during 
his  long  ministry.      He  died  in  July,  1860. 

Waller,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Spottsylvania 
Co.,  Va.,  on  the  23d  of  December,  1741,  and  was  a 
descendant  of  the  honorable  family  of  Wallers,  in 
England.  His  profanity  acquired  for  him  the  name 
of  "  swearing  Jack  Waller,"  and  his  general  wick- 
edness that  of  ■'  the  devil's  adjutant."  He  was  es- 
|)ecially  bitter  against  the  Baptists,  and  was  one  of 
the  grand  jury  that  persecuted  Rev.  Lewis  Craig  for 
preaching.  Mr.  Craig's  meek  address  to  the  jury 
arrested  his  attention  and  toucbeil  his  heart.  For 
seven  or  eight  months  his  agony  and  remorse  were 
intense.  At  length,  having  fouml  peace  in  believing 
in  Jesus,  immediately  he  conferred  not  with  flesh 
and  blood,  but  began  to  preach  the  faith  which  he 
had  destroyed,  serving  the  Lord  with  greater  zeal, 
if  that  was  possible,  than  he  bail  served  Satan. 
Traveling  through  many  counties,  be  everywhere 
attracted  crowds  of  hearers  and  made  numy  con- 
verts. 

He  was  soon  made  to  feel  the  resentment  of  his 
former  companions  in  sin.  In  a  letter  dated  "  Ur- 
banna  Prison,  I\liilillese.\  County,  Aug.  12.  1771," 
be  gives  an  account  of  the  arrest  and  imprisonment 
of  himself  and  many  others,  and  the  cruel  scoui-g- 
ing  of  several  by  •'  the  magistrate  and  the  parson 
of  the  parish."  "  I  have  also  to  inform  you  that 
six  of  our  brethren  are  confined  in  Caroline  jail, 
viz. :  Brethren  Lewis  Craig,  John  Burrus,  John 
Young.  Eilwaril  Ilerndon,  .lames  Goodrick.  and 
Bartholomew  Cheming.''  Those  days  did  indeed 
try  men's  souls. 

In  1775  or  1776  he  adopted  the  Arminian  doc- 
trine, declared  himself  an  independent  Baptist,  and 


WALLER 


1206 


WALLIN 


■withdrew  from  liis  brethren.  But  in  1787  he  re- 
turned to  his  first  love.  The  same  year  a  very 
jrreat  revival  began  under  his  preaching,  and  con- 
tinued for  several  years,  spreudins;  fur  and  wide. 

In  1793  he  removed  to  Alibeville,  S.  C.  Here 
his  success,  though  considerable,  was  not  equal  to 
that  in  his  native  State.  His  last  sermon,  at  the 
funeral  of  a  young  man,  was  from  Zech.  ii.  4: 
•'  Kun,  speak  to  that  young  man."  He  addressed 
the  young  in  feeble,  touching  strains,  saying  that 
it  was  his  last  sermon.  He  spolte  until  his  strength 
quite  failed,  and  then  tottered  to  a  bed,  from  which 
he  was  carried-  homo,  and  died  July  4,  1802,  in  his 
sixty-second  year. 

He  preaclied  thirty-five  years,  baptized  more  than 
2000  persons,  assisted  in  ordaining  twenty-seven 
ministers,  and  in  constituting  eighteen  churclies, 
and  lay  one  hundred  ami  thirteen  days  in  four  dif- 
ferent jails,  and  he  was  repeatedly  scourged  in 
Virginia.  He  now  rests  from  liis  labors,  and  liis 
works  followed  him. 

Waller,  Rev,  John  Lightfoot,  LL.D.,  an 
eminent  preacher  and  journiilist,  was  born  in 
Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  23,  1809.  He  was  edu- 
cated under  private  teachers,  and  became  one 
of  the  best  scholars  in  the"  State.  At  eighteen 
he  wrote  "  A  Church  without  a  Creed,"  which 
evinced  remarkable  genius.  After  teaching  some 
years  in  Jessamine  County,  he  became  editor  of 
the  Baptist  Banner  about  1835.  Subsequently  he 
edited  the  Baptist  Banner  and  IVcsfern  Pioneer, 
a  weekly  religious  paper  published  at  Louisville. 
Ky.  In  this  position  he  speedily  established  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest  editors  of  his 
day.  In  1840  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and 
the  next  year  was  appointed  general  agent  of  the 
General  Association  of  Baptists  in  Kentucky.  In 
1843  he  succeeded  his  father  as  pastor  of  Glen's 
Creek  church,  in  Woodford  County.  In  1845  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  Western  Baptist 
Review,  a  monthly  which  took  rank  with  the  ablest 
periodicals  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  The  title 
was  afterwards  changed  to  the  Christian  Repnsi- 
ioi-y.  He  continued  its  publication  until  his  death. 
In  1849  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  convention 
that  formed  the  present  constitution  of  the  State 
of  Kentucky,  and  was  said  to  have  been  the  most 
talented  debater  in  that  very  able  body.  This  was 
the  only  civil  office  he  eversought.  In  1850  he  re- 
sumed the  editorship  of  the  Baptist  Banner  and 
Western  Pioneer.  He  was  the  most  prominent 
mover  in  originating  the  Bible  Revision  Associa- 
tion. In  1842  he  held  his  celebrated  debate  on 
baptism  with  Rev.  Nathan  L.  Rice.  He  died  at 
his  home  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  Oct.  10,  1854. 

Waller,  Rev.  Jonathan   Cox,  son    of  Rev. 

George  Waller,  was  bnrn  in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky., 
March    24,  1812.     He   united  with    Buck    Creek 


church,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor,  in  1834. 
He  is  a  powerful  writer,  and  has  prepared  much 
for  the  religious  press.  In  1803  he  published  a 
book  on  the  "Speedy  Coming  and  Personal  Reign 
of  Christ,"  which  ran  through  four  editions.  For 
several  years  he  edited  the  Western  Beeorder.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1879,  but  has  not 
yet  taken  charge  of  any  church.  He  resides  at 
Pleasure  Ridge  Park,  Ky. 

Waller,  Rev.  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  brother 
of  Rev.  John  Lightfoot  Waller,  a  very  brilliant 
;ind  greatly  lamented  young  minister,  was  born 
March  24.  182ii.  He  professed  religion  at  an  early 
age,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  which 
his  father  was  pastor.  He  graduated  at  George- 
town College,  after  which  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry.  On  his  way  to  Owensborough,  Ky.,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  charge  of  the  cliurch  at  that 
village,  he  stopjied  at  Nicliolasville,  where  he  died 
of  cholera,  Aug.  1.  Is.'io. 

Waller,  Rev.  William  Edmond,  son  of  A.  D. 
AV'aller,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  George  Waller,  a 
young  preacher  of  extraordinary  gifts  and  of  dis- 
tinguished piety  and  conversation,  was  born  in 
Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  Nov.  17,  1845.  He  was  educated 
in  the  city  schools  of  Louisville.  He  united  with 
Long  Run  Baptist  church  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ky.,  in 
1866,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  same  year. 
In  1868  he  was  ordained,  and  soon  after  he  was 
called  to  the  care  of  the  church  at  Jeffersontown, 
in  Jefferson  County,  and  afterwards  to  Ilarrod's 
Creek  church,  in  Oldham  County,  to  both  of  which 
he  preached  until  his  de.ath.  He  performed  much 
valuable  missionary  labor,  and  for  several  years 
was  clerk  of  Long  Run  Association.  lie  died 
Nov.  10,  1878. 

Wallin,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  bom  in  London, 
England,  in  1711.  lie  heard  the  word  of  life  from 
his  godly  father,  the  Rev.  Edward  Wallin,  from 
childhood,  and  in  his  young  manhood  he  gave  him- 
self to  the  Saviour,  and  was  immersed  by  his 
father,  and  received  into  the  church  of  which  he 
was  pastor. 

On  Thursday,  Oct.  15,  1741,  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Maze  Pond  church,  London.  Dr.  Gill 
preached  the  sermon.  Six  ministers  took  part  in 
the  service,  and  it  lasted  from  10.30  a.m.  to  2.45 
P.M.. — that  is.  four  hours  ami  fifteen  minutes.  The 
ministry  with  which  Mr.  Wallin  was  invested  he 
honored  for  more  than  forty-one  years,  and  during 
that  lengthened  service  the  .Saviour  gave  him  signal 
marks  of  his  gracious  favor.  He  died  Feb.  19, 
1782. 

lie  was  a  man  of  sagacity,  piety,  Bible  knowl- 
edge, and  of  zeal  that  burned  like  a  fire.  He  was 
a  poet,  a  Scripture  expositor,  and  a  great  worker. 

His  writings  were  numerous  and  valuable.  He 
was  the  author  of  forty-one  works,  one  of  which 


WALSH 


1207 


WALTER 


was  "Evangelical  Hyuiiis  un  Various  Views  of  the 
Christian  Life."  He  was  a  valued  correspondent 
of  President  Manning,  of  Brown  University,  and 
left  it  a  bequest  in  his  will. 

Walsh,  Alexander  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  Due.  14,  1S41.  His  father  was 
(or  a  time  an  officer  in  the  English  army.  Coming 
to  America,  he  was  employeii  by  the  great  merchant 
A.  T.  Stewart,  for  whom  l>r.  Walsh  was  named. 
His  fsither  removed  to  Michigan  and  engaged  in 
farming.  In  IS.M,  under  the  patronage  of  an 
uncle,  he  entered  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of 
Brooklyn.  He  soon  returned  to  Michigan,  and 
while  a  mere  lad  commenced  speaking  publicly  on 
the  great  isSues  of  the  day,  especially  slavery.  In 
1800  lie  commenced  study  at  Oberlin  College.  In 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  towards  the  close 
of  the  war  was  honorably  discharged.  He  re- 
turned to  Oberlin,  and  was  graduated  in  lSt)G.  He 
united  with  a  Congregational  church,  and  com- 
menced preaching  in  Norwalk,  O.,  organized  a 
church,  and  was  ordained  its  pastor.  In  1868  he 
settled  with  a  church  in  Kokomo,  lud.  In  1869  he 
accepted  a  position  in  Emerson  College,  Ala.,  which 
he  left  for  a  tour  in  Europe.  On  his  return,  in 
18711,  he  joined  the  Baptists.  He  settled  in  Ja- 
maica, L.  I.,  preaching,  lecturing,  and  editing  the 
Lrinri  Island  Farmer.  While  in  the  West  he  edited 
the  Obeiiin  Court  Record,  the  Student,  and  was  a 
contributor  to  several  Western  papers.  In  1872 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Getlisemane  (now 
Willowliy  Avenue)  church,  Brooklyn,  where  he 
met  with  great  success.  In  1877  he  was  called 
to  the  South  church,  New  York,  where  he  was 
equally  prosperous.  He  has  baptized  since  joining 
the  Baptists  500  converts.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Hillsdale  College,  Mich.,  in 
1877. 

Walter,  Thomas  IT.,  LL.D.,  son  of  Joseph  S. 
and  Deborah  Walter,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.. 
Sept.  4,  1804.  lie  whs  given  the  name  of  a  former 
pastor  of  his  parents, — Thomas  Ustick. 

His  taste  for  architecture  and  mathematics  was 
very  early  developed,  and  gave  promise  of  future 
distinction. 

His  education  was  liberal.  After  spending  some 
time  in  the  office  of  William  Strickland,  Esq.,  he 
pursued  an  elaborate  course  of  mathematics  and 
the  study  of  the  physical  sciences,  and  also  gave 
.special  attention  to  the  art  of  hiiidscapc-painting 
and  the  different  branches  of  niechanical  construc- 
tion, lie  reentered  Mr.  Strickland's  office  in  1828, 
and  devoted  two  years  to  the  specific  study  of  ar- 
chitecture, the  practice  of  which  he  began  in  IS^iO. 

His  first  important  public  work  was  the  Piiila- 
delpliia  County  prison  (Mi>yaniensing).  His  de- 
signs were  approved,  and  he  was  appointed  archi- 
tect of  the  work  in  1831. 


His  design  for  the  Girard  College  for  Orphans 
was  adopted  by  the  select  and  common  councils 
of  Philadelphia  in  1833  ;  and  the  corner-stone  of 


THOMAS    IT.  W.\I,TER,  I,I,.D. 

that  magnificent  building  was  laid  with  appropriate 
ceremonies  on  the  4th  day  of  July  of  that  year. 

This  imposing  structure  constitutes  an  enduring 
monument  to  the  liberality  of  Stephen  Girard,  as 
well  as  to  the  skill  and  genius  of  Mr.  Walter,  who 
planned  it  throughout  and  carried  it  on  to  comple- 
tion. It  was  finished  in  1847,  having  been  four- 
teen 3'ears  in  building. 

During  the  iirogress  of  this  work  Mr.  Walter 
spent  several  months  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the 
continent  of  Europe,  visiting  public  institutions 
and  gratifying  his  taste  on  classic  ground. 

Subsequently  he  submitted  to  the  board  of  di- 
rectors an  elaborate  report,  which  became  their 
guide  in  finishing  and  fitting  up  the  college  which 
now  so  a<lmirably  provides  for  the  comfort,  health, 
and  instruction  of  nearly  1000  boys. 

In  1851  the  designs  of  Mr.  Walter  for  the  exten- 
sion of  the  U.  S.  Capitol  were  approved,  an<l  he 
was  appointed  architect  of  the  work  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  (Millard  Fillmore). 

This  appointment  he  held  fourteen  years,  during 
which  time,  in  addition  to  his  specific  work,  he 
planned  and  executed  the  iron  dome  which  now 
crowns  the  Capitol,  the  east  and  west  wings  of  the 
Patent  Office,  and  the  extension  of  the  General  Post- 
office.  He  also  designed  the  new  treasury  building, 
the  m,arine  barracks  at  Brooklyn  and  Pensacola, 
and  the  government  hospital  for  the  insane. 


WALTERS 


1208 


WARD 


As  eviilonciiiu;  tlio  cstiiniitioii  in  wliioli  li«  is  hi'ld, 
because  of  liis  litoriiry  ami  scicntitii;  attainments, 
it  may  be  stated  that  lie  received  the  bonorary 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  in  1X49,  from  Madison 
University.  N.  Y.  In  1855,  that  of  Doctor  of  Phi- 
losophy from  the  university  at  Ijewisljurj;,  Pa. 
And  in  1857,  from  Harvard  University,  that  of 
Doctor  of  liaws. 

Dr.  Walter  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on 
architecture  before  the  students  of  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1800.  He  also  de- 
livered many  other  popular  lectures  in  Philadel- 
phia and  vicinity,  at  one  time  holding  a  profes- 
sorship of  Architecture  in  the  Franklin  Institute, 
and  lecturing  on  his  art  fir  two  succcessive  seasons. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  the  American  Phil- 
osophical Society  for  nearly  forty  years,  and  of 
the  Franklin  Institute  fifty  years.  He  w.in  also 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  and  is  now  (IS"'.')  its  hon- 
ored president. 

He  made  a  public  profession  of  religion  in  1829, 
having  been  baptized  July  12  of  that  year  in  the 
river  Schuylkill,  at  Spruce  Street,  by  the  Kev. 
John  C.  Murphy.  On  the  same  day  he  was  publicly 
received  into  the  memliership  of  the  Spruce  Street 
li^iptist  church,  then  worshiping  temporarily  in 
the  court-house  at  the  corner  of  Sixth  and  (.'hest- 
nut  Streets,  their  meeting-house  on  Spruce  Street 
not  being  completed.  He  was  many  years  clerk 
of  this  church,  and  also  superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school. 

When  he  removed  to  AVashington,  D.  C,  to 
take  charge  of  the  Capitol  extension,  he  also  re- 
moved his  letter  to  the  E  Street  Baptist  church. 
His  connection  there  was  rich  in  fruits  of  well- 
directed  effort,  and  will  long  bo  remembered  by 
many,  especially  by  a  Bible-class  of  more  than 
fifty  young  men,  upon  whom  he  left  the  impress 
of  his  own  Bible-loving  spirit. 

Upon  returning  to  Philadelphia,  he  became  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  (icrmantown,  in  which  he  filled  the  office 
of  deacon. 

More  recently  he  removed  to  another  )iart  of  the 
city,  transferring  his  membership  to  the  Memorial 
Baptist  church.  Here  again  he  was  called  to  the 
deaconship,  and  among  his  loved  associates  he  yet 
lives,  enjoying  the  privileges  and  activities  of  a 
Christian  life. 

Walters,  W.  T.,  D.D.,  a  conspicuous  man  in  his 
dav  in  the  niaiiiigemeiit  of  Baptist  affairs  in  North 
Carolina,  was  born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  in  182.J. 
He  was  l)aptized  by  Kev.  J.  L.  Prichard,  and  by 
him  influenced  to  become  a  student  in  Wake  Forest 
College,  where  he  graduated  in  1848.  He  soon 
after  became  tutor,  and  in  a  year  or  two  was 
made  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  his  alma  mater. 


lie  remained  in  this  position  till  the  exercises  of 
the  college  were  suspended  liy  the  war.  He  was  a 
trustee,  and  for  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  treas- 
urer, of  the  college,  but  was  not  again  connected 
with  it  as  instructor.  In  1S()7,  Dr.  Walters  became 
eurresponding  secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention, ami  did  good  service  for  three  years  in 
organizing  the  mission  work  of  the  State. 

He  was  three  times  identified  with  the  press.  In 
1867  he  purchased,  in  connection  with  Mr.  J.  II. 
Mills,  tlic  liihliral  Recorder,  his  interest  in  which  he 
transferred  to  his  partner  in  a  few  months.  He 
edited  the  Farmer's  .hiirnal.  under  the  management 
of  (ien.  Johnston  Jones,  and  for  several  years  he 
was  the  valuable  agricultural  editor  of  the  liihliral 
Recorder.  He  was  one  of  the  best  farmers  in  the 
State,  and  was  a  preacher  of  much  vigor.  The 
churches  of  Littleton  and  Wilson  owe  their  exist- 
ence to  him.     He  died  Dec.  31,  1877. 

Walton,  Rev.  W.  A.,  w-as  born  the  slave  of 
Col.  J;iiiics  .Miiriii.  .March  17,  1830,  in  Morgan  Co., 
(ill.  He  was  converted  in  ISiJG,  and  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  Antioch  church,  Morgan 
Co.,  Ga.,  by  Rev.  J.  Stillwell.  Having  removeil 
to  Texas,  lie  became  a  member  of  the  Washington 
church,  composed  both  of  white  and  colored  per- 
sons, under  the  ministry  of  Kev.  Michael  Ross. 
Under  the  preaching  of  Mr.  Koss  he  stored  his 
memory  with  passages  of  Scriptures  in  a  wonder- 
ful degree,  imitative  of  the  mental  habit  of  the 
preacher,  who  had  been  reared  in  England  in  the 
state  chiireh.  Under  the  ))ast(irate  of  Kev.  James 
E.  Paxton  he  was  in  180(1  licensed  to  preach  the 
gospel,  giving  promise  of  great  usefulness.  He 
first  went  to  school  one  month  to  Mr.  Watt  Bon- 
ner ;  second,  two  weeks  to  Samuel  Carroll ;  third, 
to  J.  II.  Washington,  two  days  ;  fourth,  to  Dr.  W. 
C.  Crane,  at  Baylor  University.  Independence,  two 
months.  He  has  had  the  pastoral  care  of  five 
churches,  and  has  the  pastoral  care  of  four  at 
this  time, — Anderson,  Grimes"Co.,  with  a  member- 
ship of  27 .i  ;  Navisota,  same  county,  membeiship, 
44.');  Washington,  Washington  Co.,  membership, 
363  :  lleiiipste.id,  Waller  Co.,  membership,  SH.i  ;  to- 
tal nieiiibersliip,  1308.  He  has  baptized  803  per- 
sons since  lie  li.as  been  ordained  to  the  gospel 
ministry.  No  colored  minister  in  Texas  draws 
larger  congregations  at  all  times  to  hear  him,  and 
no  one  exerts  a  better  general  influence  over  his 
race  for  time  and  eternity  than  W.  A.  Walton. 
He  bids  fair  for  a  long  life  of  usefulness. 

Ward,  John,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  London,  Eng- 
land, in  iri7'.l.  His  father  was  a  Baptist  minister, 
and  he  belonged  to  the  congregation  of  Dr.  J.  Sten- 
nett.  of  his  native  citj'.  He  possessed  learning  of 
the  highest  order,  and  loved  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge  with  an  intense  affection. 

In  1720  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in 


WARD 


1209 


WARD 


Gresham  College,  London  ;  some  time  after,  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Society  ;  and  in  1752  one  of 
its  vice-presidents.  The  University  of  EdinVjurgh 
conferred  on  him  the  dej;ree  of  LL.D. 

lie  was  the  author  of  "  'I'lie  Lives  of  theGresiiam 
Professors,"  of  "  The  Westminster  Greek  Gram- 
mar," and  of  other  works.  ,  lie  aided  Horsley  in 
his  "  Britannia  Uomana,"  and  Ainsworth  in  his 
"  Dictionary."  His  information  embraced  almost 
every  subject,  and  his  character  for  piety,  modesty, 
and  usefulness  made  hiiu  an  honor  to  our  denomi- 
nation. 

In  1754,  Dr.  Ward  put  £1200  of  bank  stock  in 
trust  for  the  education  of  two  or  more  young  men 
for  the  ministry  in  a  Scotch  university,  or  else- 
where. In  1S76  there  were  four  brethren  aided  by 
this  fund.  Some  of  our  most  distinguished  Eng- 
lish ministers  have  received  assistance  from  "  Dr. 
Ward's  Trust."     The  founder  of  it  died  in  1758. 

Ward,  Prof.  Milan  L.,  was  born  in  Meredi.th, 
N.  Y.,  in   1S29.     lie  graduated   at   Madison  Uni- 


I'RdF.    MII.AX    I..   WARD. 

yersity,  after  which  he  taught  in  Norwich  Acad- 
emy, then  in  Southampton  Co.,  Va.  In  1860  he 
was  called  to  the  chair  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the 
Delaware  Literary  Institute.  In  1862  he  became 
principal  of  Norwich  .Vcademj-,  which  position  he 
held  until  1809.  when  he  resigned.  Under  his 
administration  the  academy  rose  from  a  very  low 
position  to  one  of  the  highest  rank,  standing  tifth 
among  the  two  hundred  academies  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  From  1869  to  1873.  Prof.  Ward  had 
charge  of  the  educational  department  of  Ottawa 
77 


University,  Kansas.  In  1873  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Matliematics  and  English  in  the  Kansas 
.State  Agricultural  College,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  He  is  also  loan  commissioner,  librarian, 
and,  in  the  absence  of  the  president,  acting  presi- 
dent of  the  college. 

From  the  commencement  of  his  religious  life  the 
predominant  desire  in  Prof.  Ward's  heart  has  been 
to  be  useful  while  he  lived.  To  this  end  \>eicor/ced 
his  way  through  college.  He  took  a  theological 
course,  and  was  ordained  to  labor  as  a  missionary 
preacher  among  the  destitute  churches  in  South- 
ampton Co.,  Va.  But  he  soon  became  convinced 
that  teaching,  rather  than  preaching,  should  be  his 
life-work.  His  highest  ambition  is  to  be  recognized 
as  a  Christian  educator. 

Prof.  Ward  takes  an  active  interest  in  church 
and  denominational  work,  and  has  held  for  three 
years  the  office  of  secretary  of  the  Kansas  Baptist 
Convention. 

Ward,  Gov.  Samuel,  was  bom  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  May  27.  172J.  He  was  the  second  son  of 
Gov.  Richard  Ward,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Roger  Williams.  He  removed  in  early  manhood 
to  Westerly,  R.  I.,  and  met  with  great  pecuniary 
success  in  the  agricultural  and  mercantile  pursuits 
in  which  he  engaged.  He  represented  his  adopted 
home  for  several  years  in  the  General  Assembly 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  its 
deliberations.  In  1761  he  was  appointed  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  colony,  and  in  May, -1762,  was  chosen 
its  governor.  lie  took  a  great  interest  in  the 
founding  of  Rhode  Island  College,  and  was  one  of 
its  trustees  fi-om  1764  to  1776.  In  1765  he  was  re- 
elected governor.  When  the  Stamp  Act,  so  in- 
famous in  the  eyes  of  the  colonists,  was  passed, 
and  the  governors  of  the  colonies  took  an  oath  to 
sustain  and  enforce  it.  Gov.  Ward  alone  persisted 
in  his  refusal  to  yield  compliance.  Once  more  he 
was  chosen  governor  of  the  colony.  At  the  end 
of  his  third  term  he  retired  to  comparatively  pri- 
vate life,  but  was  a  thoughtful  observer  (jf  what 
was  transpiring  in  the  country,  and  took  a  decided 
stand  from  the  outset  against  the  oppressive  acts 
of  the  British  crown.  lie,  with  Stephen  Hopkins, 
represented  the  .State  of  Rhode  Island  in  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  of  1774,  and  advocated  the  most 
vigorous  measures  ag-ainst  the  encroachments  of 
Parliament.  When  affnirs  reached  a  crisis,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  blood  shed  at  Concord  and  Lexing- 
ton, Gov.  Ward's  counsel  and  advice  in  Congress 
were  received  with  great  deference.  He  was  al- 
ways called  to  the  chair  when  Congress  went  into 
a  committee  of  the  whole.  He  was  chairman  of 
several  important  committees,  and  among  tliem 
that  which  was  appointed  to  nominate  a  general 
for  the  American  army,  and  he  reported  the  name 
of  Col.  George  Washington.     His  son,  Capt.  Sam- 


WARD 


1210 


WARDER 


uel  Ward,  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  the 
Revolutionary  forces,  and  enjoyed  the  intimate 
friendsliip  of  the  commander-in-chief.  The  whole 
course  (if  (jov.  Ward  throui^h  the  early  stages  of 
the  lievdlution  sliowed  liini  to  be  a  true  patriot, 
ready  to  make  any  and  every  sacrifice  for  his  coun- 
try's welfare.  Had  his  life  and  health  been  spared, 
he  would  have  continued  to  devote  himself  to  the 
cause  in  which  he  had  embarked  "his  life,  his  for- 
tune, and  his  sacred  honor.''  In  the  midst  of  ar- 
duous duties,  which  must  have  taxed  his  energies 
to  their  utmost,  he  was  attacked  with  the  small- 
pox, and  died  March  26,  1776.  In  communicating 
the  sad  intelligence  to  the  secretary  of  the  State 
of  Rhode  Island,  his  colleague,  Stephen  Hopkins, 
says,  among  other  things,  "  He  will  be  carried  into 
the  great  Presbyterian  meeting-house  in  Arch 
Street,  where  a  funeral  discourse  will  be  delivered 
by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Stillman.  The  corpse  will 
from  thence  be  carried  to  the  Baptist  burying- 
ground  in  this  city,  and  there  interred."  John 
Adams  also  writes.  "Gov.  Ward  was  an  amiable 
and  a  sensible  man,  a  steadfast  friend  to  his  coun- 
try, upon  very  pure  principles.  Ilis  funeral  was 
attended  with  the  same  solemnities  as  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph's. Mr.  Stillman  being  the  Anabaptist  here, 
of  which  pei'suasion  was  the  governor,  was  desired 
by  Congress  to  preach  a  sermon,  which  he  did  with 
great  applause." 

The  body  of  Gov.  Ward  was  interred  in  the 
grounds  of  the  First  Rajitist  church,  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  a  monument  erected  over  his  remains  by 
order  of  the  Rhode  Island  General  Assembly.  In 
I860  the  body  was  removed  to  the  cemetery  of 
Newport,  R.  I. 

Ward,  Thomas,  was  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Ward,  who  had  been  an  officer  in  one  of  Crom- 
well's cavalry  regiments,  and,  emigrating  to  Amer- 
ica from  Gloucester,  England,  after  the  accession 
of  King  Charles  II.,  he  settled  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
where  he  died  in  April,  1698.  His  son  Thomas 
preceded  his  father  in  taking  up  his  residence  in 
Newport,  arriving  there  not  far  from  1G60.  For 
liis  second  wife  he  married  Amy  Smith,  grand- 
daugliter  of  Roger  Williams.  Backus  says  of  him, 
"  That  he  was  a  Baptist  before  he  came  out  of 
Cromwell's  army,  and  a  very  useful  man  in  the 
colony  of  Rhode  Island."  For  one  year — 1677-78 
— he  was  general  treasurer  of  the  colony  under  the 
royal  charter  of  Charles  II.  His  descendants  were 
among  the  most  distinguished  citizens  of  Rhode 
Island.  His  son  Richard  was  governor  of  the  col- 
ony, 1741-43,  having  previously  been  secretary  of 
state  for  nineteen  years,  1714-3.3.  His  grandson 
Samuel  filled  the  highest  posts  of  honor  which  his 
fellow-citizens  could  confer  on  him.  A  son  of 
Samuel  was  secretary  of  state  for  thirty-seven 
years.     The  widow  of  Thomas  Ward,  already  re- 


ferred to  as  the  granddaughter  of  Roger  Williams, 
married  Arnold  Collins,  and  their  son,  Henry  Col- 
lins, whowas  an  extensive  merchant  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  became  so  good  a  patron  of  letters  that  he 
was  called  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Watcrbouse  "  the 
Lorenzo  de'  Mediri  (if  Rhode  Island.'' 

Ward,  Rev.  William,  the  third  of  the  famous 
Serampore  triumvirate,  was  born  at  Derby,  Eng- 
land, on  Oct.  20,  1769.  He  served  an  apprentice- 
ship to  a  printer  in  his  native  town,  and  for  a  time 
edited  with  ability  the  Derhij  Memirn.  He  subse- 
quently edited  newspapers  at  Stafford  and  Hull. 
In  August,  1796,  he  was  converted,  and  joined  the 
Baptist  church  in  Hull.  His  great  talents  could 
not  be  hid,  and,  at  the  instance  of  a  benevolent 
friend,  who  undertook  to  pay  all  his  expenses,  he 
renounced  journalism,  and  )ilac(Hl  himself  under 
the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Fawcett,  at  Kwood  Hall, 
Yorkshire.  Hearing  some  months  afterwards  that 
the  Missionary  Society  wanted  a  printer  to  print 
the  Bengalee  translations  of  the  Scriptures,  he  of- 
fered himself,  and  was  gladly  accepted.  In  1811, 
Mr.  Ward  jiublished  the  first  edition  of  his  popular 
and  most  valuable  work  on  the  Hindoos.  Experi- 
ence has  fully  corroborated  his  statements,  and  it 
remains  one  of  the  standard  books  on  the  suliject. 
Mr.  Ward  visited  England  in  1819,  and  was  ince.s- 
santly  occupied  with  public  engagements.  He  was 
the  first  missionary  who  had  ever  returned  from 
the  East.  Ilis  warm  and  animated  addresses  were 
well  adapted  to  move  popular  assemblies.  He  also 
visited  Holland,  and  then  proceeded  to  this  country, 
where  he  spent  three  months,  and  raised  $10,000 
for  Serampore  College.  He  was  everywhere  greeted 
with  the  warmest  welcome.  Whether  in  the  pul- 
pit or  on  the  platform,  he  was  immensely  popular. 
He  returned  to  India  in  1821,  and,  after  a  lirief 
illness,  died  on  March  7,  1S23,  aged  fifty-three. 

Warder,  Joseph  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Logan 
Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  13,  1820.  He  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Georgetown,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
while  attending  college  at  that  place,  where  he 
graduated  in  1845.  He  taught  one  year  in  the  pri- 
mary department  of  that  institution,  and  was  elected 
to  the  chair  of  Mathematics,  but  declined  the  posi- 
tion and  entered  Newton  Theological  Seminary, 
where  he  graduated  in  1849,  having  meanwhile 
spent  some  time  at  Princeton  Theological  Seminary. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  was  a  short 
time  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Frankfort,  Ky. 
From  1851  to  185G  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Maysville,  Ky.  He  then  removed  West,  and  at 
different  periods  was  pastor  at  Lexington,  Mo., 
Atchison,  Kansas,  Kansas  City  and  Clinton.  Mo., 
and  Lawrence,  Kansas.  While  at  Clinton  he  was 
for  a  time  financial  agent  of  William  Jewell  Col- 
lege. In  1875  he  returned  to  Kentucky  and 
accepted   the  pastorate   of  Walnut   Street  Baptist 


WARDER 


1211 


WARNE 


church,  in  Louisville.  He  is  now  one  of  the  lead- 
ing  ministers  of  the  Soutli,  and  is  distinguished  for 
his  learning,  piety,  and  pulpit  ability. 

"Warder,  Rev.  Walter,  son  of  Joseph  Warder, 
a  noted  pioneer  of  Kentueky,  was  born,  in  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.,  in  1787.  He  removed  with  his 
father  to  Barren  Co.,  Ky.,  about  1807,  and  the 
same  year  united  with  Dripping  Spring  Baptist 
church.  He  came  up  out  of  the  baptismal  water 
exhorting  sinners  to  repent,  and  from  that  time 
until  his  death  was  one  of  the  most  zealous,  labori- 
ous, and  efficient  ministers  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  Dover  church,  in  Barren 
County,  about  1811.  In  1814  he  accepted  the  pas- 
torate of  Mayslick  church,  in  Mason  Co.,  Ky., 
which  position  he  filled  until  he  finished  his  course. 
He  preached  extensively  throughout  the  territory 
of  Bracken  Association  and  the  adjacent  parts  of 
the  State  of  Ohio.  During  a  pastorate  of  twenty- 
two  years  thei-e  were  received  into  Mayslick  church 
1015  members.  In  the  year  182S  he  baptized  into 
that  church  485,  and  in  the  bounds  of  Bracken 
Association  more  than  1000.  lie  died  in  Missouri 
in  1836. 

Warder,  Rev.  William,  brother  of  Walter 
Warder,  and  equally  brilliant  and  useful  in  the 
■gospel  ministry,  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co.,  Va., 
Jan.  8,  1786.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  went  with 
his  brother,  the  late  Rev.  John  Warder,  of  Mis- 
souri, to  Barren  Co.,  Ky.  Ho  was  baptized  at  the 
same  time  and  place  with  his  brother  Walter,  and 
like  him  began  to  preach  almost  immediately  after 
his  baptism.  He  was  licensed  in  1809  and  was 
ordained  in  1811.  For  about  eight  years  he  gave 
liimself  to  traveling  and  preaching  over  the  central 
part  of  Kentucky,  from  the  Tennessee  line  to  the 
border  of  Ohio,  with  great  success  in  winning  souls 
to  Christ.  In  1820  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church 
at  Russellville,  and  soon  afterwards  to  the  churches 
of  Glasgow  and  Bowling  Green.  In  1821  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Margaret,  sister  of  the  late  Gov.  Charles 
S.  Morehead,  of  Kentucky,  and  settled  near  Hus- 
sellville,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
earthly  pilgrimage,  except  one  year  passed  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  He  possessed  superior  gifts  as  a 
preacher,  and  was  a  inan  of  enlarged  views  and 
active  enterprise.  He  organized  an  "Educating 
Society"  at  Russellville,  and  thus  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  Bethel  College.  He  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  organizing  Bethel  Association,  in  1824, 
out  of  a  small  missionary  element  in  old  Red  River 
Association,  which  at  its  thirtieth  anniversary  con- 
tained an  aggregate  membership  of  7000,  and  had 
erected  two  prosperous  colleges.  He  died  Aug.  9, 
1836. 
Ware,  Rev.  James  Agnew,  M.D.,  an  eminent 

physician  and  preaobcr  in  Pontotoc  Co.,  Jliss.,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina  in   1804.     After  studying 


medicine  and  obtaining  his  degree  he  became  im- 
pressed with  the  duty  of  preaching,  and  during  his 
long  life,  while  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine,  he  was  assiduous  al.so  in  his  ministerial 
labors.  He  was  ordained  in  1834.  He  removed  to 
Pontotoc  Co.,  Miss.,  in  1830.  At  this  time  there 
were  few  ministers  and  churcjies  in  North  Missis- 
sippi. In  his  own  neighborhood  there  was  but  one 
preaching-place, — the  Presbyterian  mission  station 
among  the  Indians.  Among  the  foremost  and  most 
active  of  the  few  ministers  then  on  the  ground,  he 
gathered,  in  1837,  a  church  called  Tokshish,  near 
Red  Land,  of  which  he  became  the  first  pastor,  and 
almost  the  only  pastor  during  his  life.  From  this 
mother-church  sprang  a  number  of  others,  and 
many  ministers  went  out  from  it  under  the  foster- 
ing care  of  Dr.  AVare.     He  died  in  1805. 

Warfield,  Rev.  William  C,  a  learned  and  bril- 
liant preacher  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Lexing- 
ton, of  that  State,  in  1790.  After  a  preparatory 
course  he  entered  Tran.sylvania  University,  remain- 
ing six  years.  About  the  end  of  the  term  he  had 
an  unfortunate  altercation,  which  resulted  in  the 
serious  injury  of  a  comr.ade.  In  the  confusion  that 
ensued  young  Warfield  fled  from  home  and  went  to 
Bardstown,  Ky.,  where  he  commenced  reading  law 
under  the  distinguished  Judge  John  Rowan.  Soon 
after  this  he  was  converted  to  Christ,  returned  to 
Lexington,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church, 
where  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  He  then  spent 
two  years  in  Princeton  Tlieolngical  Semiimry. 
Returning  home,  he  was  ordained,  and,  after  spend- 
ing a  brief  period  in  preaching  around  Lexington, 
he  settled  within  the  bounds  of  Bethel  Association, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His 
labors  were  blessed  to  the  instruction  of  the  young 
churches,  and  he  was  greatly  beloved  and  honored 
among  them.     He  died  Nov.  3,  1835. 

Warne,  J.  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
London,  England,  in  the  year  1795,  and  at  an  early 
age  united  with  the  Little  Wild  Street  Baptist 
church  of  that  great  city.  After  receiving  a 
thorough  education  at  Stepney  College,  he  ofi'ereii 
himself  as  a  foreign  missionary,  but  was  compelled 
to  relinquish  his  jiurpose  in  that  direction  owing 
to  feeble  health.  Determiiu>d  to  do  the  next  best 
thing,  he  came  with  his  wife  to  this  country,  and 
settled  in  North  Carolina.  While  in  the  South  he 
was  pastor  at  Newbern  and  principal  of  Imwan 
Academy.  Compelled  again  by  ill  health  to  make 
a  change,  he  came  North,  and  was  stated  supply  or 
jiastor  of  the  First  church.  Providence,  R.  L,  South 
Reading  and  Brookline,  JLiss.,  and  Sansom  Street, 
of  Philadelphia.  About  the  year  IS45  he  went  out 
of  the  pastorate,  and  has  since  lived  in  retirement. 
He  was  not  idle,  however,  in  religious  things.  It 
was  he  who  edited  the  Baptist  edition  of  the  "  Com- 
prehensive Commentary."'     In  his  own  neighbor- 


WARREN 


1212 


WARRKS 


hood,  fur  out  in  the  suburbs,  lie  hasalnrays  been 
engaged  in  Christian  work. 

The  peculiar  feature  about  bis  life,  and  that  which 
gives  it  special  nobility,  was  his  consecration  to  the 
cause  of  foreijrn  missinns.  I'nablc  to  go  himself, 
he  was  deeply  interested  in  sustaining  those  who 
could  go.  When  Dr.  Price's  children  came  to  this 
country,  and  their  own  relatives  refused  to  receive 
them  because  their  mother  was  a  Burmese  woman, 
he  took  them  under  his  roof  and  gave  them  an 
education.  Since  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate 
he  has  occupied  himself  in  making  and  saving 
money  for  foreign  missions.  Ilis  little  farm  be- 
coming valuable  on  account  of  the  growth  of  the 
city,  he  sold  out  parts  of  it  to  advantage,  and  re- 
invested the  money  in  houses.  Some  time  before  his 
death,  which  occurred  early  in  ISSl,  feeling  that 
his  life  was  near  its  close,  and  wishing  to  save  the 
expense  of  an  executor  and  the  State  tax  on  willed 
property,  he  made  over  his  entire  estate  to  the  Mis- 
sion.iry  Union,  accepting  in  return  only  a  small 
annuity  for  himself  and  wife.  The  estate  will 
probably  amount  to  ?40.0(XJ. 

All  this  .shows  the  power  of  a  consecrated  pur- 
pose. Dr.  Warne  would  have  heen  glad  to  be  a 
missionary  ;  but  when  that  was  denied  him,  he  did 
not  forget  that  he  had  given  himself  to  the  mission- 
ary cause,  and  determined  to  do  his  best  to  provide 
the  means  of  sending  others.  In  order  to  carry 
out  this  purpose  as  fully  as  possible  he  subjected 
himself  to  the  closest  economy. 

Warren,  Gen.  Eli,  a  lawyer  of  eminence,  re- 
siding at  Perry,  Houston  Co.,  Ga.,  still  engageil 
(1880)  in  practice,  although  nearly  eighty  years  of 
age,  wa.s  born  in  Burke  County,  Feb.  27,  1801. 
His  father  was  Josiah  Warren,  whose  descendants 
occupy  honoralile  and  useful  positions  in  Georgia. 
Early  left  an  orphan,  Eli  Warren  was  placed 
under  the  care  of  his  eldest  sister  and  her  husband, 
Rev.  Ch.-xrles  Culpepper,  a  Baptist  minister,  who 
instilled  correct  principles  into  his  mind,  which 
preserved  him  from  the  vices  of  that  age.  They 
gave  him  the  best  educational  advantages  of  the 
day.  Choosing  the  law  for  his  profession,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  182.3,  and  has  continued  in 
its  successful  practice  ever  since. 

Gen.  Warren  was  frequently  sent  to  the  State 
Legislature  by  his  fellow-citizens  in  his  younger 
days,  and  was  elected  brigadier-general  of  militia  in 
1828,  a  position  at  that  time  of  some  prominence. 
Though  urged  to  do  so  he  has  declined  all  other 
offices,  devoting  himself  to  his  profession.  In  the 
winter  of  1839-40  he  settled  in  Perry,  Houston 
Co.,  and  at  present  no  man  in  his  section  stands 
higher  in  public  estimation.  He  ha-s  long  been 
distinguished  for  his  legal'  ability :  has  always 
been  considered  a  most  amiable  man.  noted  for  his 
benevolence  and  hospitality  ;  and  bis  life  has  ever 


been  pure,  sober,  and  honorable ;  he  has  endeav- 
ored invariably  to  do  good  to  every  one,  and  es- 
pecially tj)  young  men,  hundreds  of  whom  he  has 
aided  by  material  assistance  and  advice,  and  by 
impressing  on  them  the  importance  of  honesty, 
temperance,  ami  truthfulness. 

(Jen.  Warren  has  always  acted  on  the  principle 
that  it  is  better  to  give  to  an  unworthy  object  than 
fail  to  help  a  good  one.  He  has  always  been  a. 
decided  Baptist  in  principle,  but  never  united  with 
the  church  until  October,  1869,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  a  pious,  active,  and  liberal  church 
member.     His  hospitality  knows  no  bounds. 

Warren,  E.  W.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Conecuh 
Co..  Ala..  .March    l»>,  1820.     Under  the  careful  in- 


E.  W.  WARREN',  I).D. 

struction  of  his  father,  the  Rev.  Kittrell  Warren, 
a  man  of  strong  natural  ability  and  unusu.-il  ora- 
torical powers,  he  acquired  an  ordinary  English 
education,  while  at  the  same  time  spending  the 
most  of  his  time  in  assisting  in  the  cultivation  of 
the  farm.  For  three  or  four  years,  and  until  he 
was  twenty-three,  he  applied  himself  with  great 
diligence  to  study,  and  then  entered  on  the  practice 
of  law,  having  formed  a  copartnership  with  his 
uncle,  the  Hon.  Lott  Warren,  a  distinguished  jurist 
of  Georgia,  and  at  one  time  a  member  of  Congress. 
In  the  prosecution  of  his  profession  he  met  with 
gratifying  success,  and  continued  it  for  five  or  six 
years.  In  September,  184-5.  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Starkville.  Ga.,  taking  an  active 
part  in  all  the  services,  and  supplying  in  a  mea.s- 
ure,  daring  his  absence,  the  place  of  his  pastor,  the 


WARREN 


1213 


WARREN 


Rev.  Dr.  Winkler.  Altliouirli  quite  .successful  in 
his  occasional  pi-eaching,  he  felt  a  strong  disincli- 
nation to  give  himself  wholly  to  ministerial  work, 
and  the  afflictive  providences  of  God,  only,  brought 
him  to  complete  submission  to  his  will  in  this 
luatter.  He  was  licensed  in  18411;  and  giving  up 
the  practice  of  his  profession  he  took  charge  of  a 
school,  and  for  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
occjisionally  preached,  he  made  preparation  for  his 
future  ministerial  work.  Having  soon  become 
pastor  of  a  country  church,  his  voice  failed,  and 
for  a  short  time  he  edited  the  Christian  Index, 
published  at  Macon,  Ga. 

On  the  removal  of  the  Kev.  Dr.  Landrum  from 
the  church  in  Macon  to  Savannah,  Dr.  Warren  be- 
■came  pastor  of  the  church  in  Macon,  and  continued 
in  that  relation  for  twelve  years.  From  Macon  he 
removed,  in  1871,  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  served  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  that  place  with  much  suc- 
cess until,  in  1876,  he  accepted  the  call  to  the  pas- 
.torate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  succeeding  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burrows.  Dr.  War- 
ren has  always  been  interested  in  the  educa- 
tional enterprises  of  the  denomination.  For  more 
than  twenty  years  he  was  an  active  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Mercer  University,  Ga.,  and 
<lid  much  for  the  advancement  of  liberal  education 
in  that  State.  In  1875  Mercer  University  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  While  in  Ilich- 
■mond.  Dr.  Warren  preached  to  one  of  the  large^t 
and  most  energetic  Baptist  congregations  in  the 
South,  and  he  was  highly  esteemed  by  all  who 
•knew  him.  In  the  foil  of  1879  he  retui-ned  to  the 
First  church  of  Macon,  where  his  labors  are  highly 
:approciated. 

Warren,  Hon.  Henry,  was  born  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia in  1.S17  ;  removed  to  the  United  States  in  183(), 
:and  to  Oregon  in  1847.  He  was  baptized  in  18.53: 
ds  a  member  and  clerk  of  the  church  at  McJIinii- 
Tille :  has  been  a  trustee  of  McMinnville  College 
since  its  organization,  in  1857,  and  is  secretary  of 
the  college  board;  was  sheriff  of  Yamhill  County 
seven  years;  a  member  of  the  Oregon  Legislature; 
receiver  of  U.  S.  land-office  nine  years;  is  now  a 
prosperous  business  man  at  McMinnville,  a  tlioi'- 
oughly  active  and  liberal  Baptist  of  wide  influence 
in  Oregon,  and  one  of  the  strong  supporters  of  tin- 
Baptist  college  in  that  State. 

Warren,  Jonah  G.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ward, 

Ma-<s.,  Sept.  11.  I8l:i,  and  gr.iduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1835.  He  took  the  theological  course 
at  Newton,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1838.  He  was 
ordained  at  North  Oxford,  Mass.,  in  September, 
1838,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Chicopet, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  until  1849,  when  he  be- 
came pastor  of  the  church  at  North  Troy,N.  Y.  His 
relation  with  this  church  continued  until  1855.  when 
lie  wiis  elected  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 


Missionary  Union,  holding  the  office  for  seventeen 
years.  He  resigned  his  position  in  1872.  During 
this  long  terra  of  service  Dr.  Warren  rendered  most 
efficient  aid  in  advancing  the  cause  of  evangeliza- 
tion among  the  heathen,  and  saw  the  society  in 
whose  behalf  he  labored  so  zealously  take  a  high 
position  among  the  missionary  organizations  of 
the  world. 

Dr.  Warren  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  the  Rochester  University  in  1856, 
and  was  a  trustee  of  Brown  University  from  1858 
to  1873,  wjien  he  resigned  his  office  on  account  of 
ill  health. 

Warren,  Rev.  Kittrell,  was  a  son  of  Josiah 
Warren,  and  an  elder  brother  of  Hon.  Lott  Warren 
and  Gen.  Eli  Warren.  His  ancestors  came  from 
England  and  settled  in  Virginia,  from  which  Jo- 
siah Warren  removed  to  North  Carolina  during 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  from  it  to  Burke  Co., 
Ga.,  where  Kittrell  was  born  Oct.  17,  1780.  The 
family  removed  to  Laurens  County  in  1804,  and 
settled  four  miles  below  Dublin,  w^here  Josiah 
AVarren  and  his  wife  both  died  in  1809.  Kittrell 
Warren  married  Mrs.  Floyd,  of  Jefferson  County, 
a  woman  of  anient  and  consistent  piety,  who  after- 
wards professed  conversion  and  was  baptized. 

In  1817,  Kittrell  Warren  moved  to  Alabama  and 
united  with  a  Baptist  church  in  that  State,  and 
was  ordained  about  1827.  Returning  to  Georgia 
in  1831,  he  settled  in  Houston  County. 

He  was  a  man  of  a  devout  spirit  and  of  great 
benevolence,  and  to  the  day  of  his  death  diligently 
preached  the  gospel.     He  died  in  the  year  1837. 

Warren,  Judge  Lott,  rose  to  high  distinction, 
and  exercised  an  extended  and  salutary  influence 
as  a  member  of  Congress,  as  a  lawyer,  and  as  a 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  His  ancestors  came 
from  England.  Lott  was  born  Oct.  30,  1797,  in 
Burke  Co.,  G.X.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1821.  In  the  year  previous  he  had  served  as  sec- 
ond lieutenant  in  Capt.  Dean's  company,  under 
Col.  Wright,  in  the  State  militia,  during  the  Semi- 
nole war.  Gen.  Gaines  being  in  command  of  the 
State  troops;  and  he  was  present  at  the  burning 
of  the  Indian  town  of  Chehaw,  in  what  is  now  Lee 
County.  He  began  to  practise  law  in  Dublin,  but 
afterwards  removed  to  Marion,  Twiggs  Co.,  and 
from  it  to  Amerieus  in  1830.  Half  a  dozen  years 
later  he  removed  to  .Vlbany,  where  he  resided  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  called  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  to  many  important  positions.  For  a  time 
he  was  a  member  of  the  State  senate.  He  was, 
also,  solicitor-general  and  judge  of  the  Southern 
circuit.  Subsequently  he  was  elected  twice  to 
serve  his  State  in  Congress,  and  afterwards  was 
elected  twice  to  serve  on  the  bench  of  the  South- 
western circuit.  In  these  various  offices  he  dis- 
charged his  duties  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 


WARREN 


1214 


WARREN 


people,  by  whom  he  was  most  highly  respected. 
He  died  on  the  17th  of  June,  1861,  but  he  had  not 
been  called  away  unprepared.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  he  had  been  a  decided  Christian  and  a  firm 
Baptist.  lie  had  even  been  set  apart  to  the  work 
of  the  gospel  ministry,  but  only  occasionally  oEBci- 
ated  in  the  pulpit.  He  was  a  man  of  earnest  piety, 
decided  opinions,  and  great  moral  firmness.  He 
Wiis  a  friend  of  the  poor,  a  bold  and  able  champion 
in  the  cause  of  temperance,  and  an  unwearied  sup- 
porter of  the  Sunday-school  cause,  laboring  for 
many  years  with  indefatigable  zeal  as  a  teacher. 
He  was  a  lover  of  gospel  truth,  and  of  the  gates  of 
Zion.  It  deserves  to  be  placed  on  record  that  the 
representative,  lawyer,  statesman,  and  judge  was, 
on  days  of  public  worship,  to  friends  and  strangers, 
rich  and  poor,  the  watchful,  affectionate,  gentle- 
manly doorkeeper  of  the  sanctuary  in  providing 
comfortable  seats  for  those  who  attended  worship. 

Warren,  R.  I.,  Baptist  Church.— In  the  year 
1003,  Rev.  .John  Miles  came  to  this  country  from 
AVales,  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Rehoboth,  then  in 
the  colony  of  Plymouth.  The  town  covered  a  large 
territory,  out  of  which  several  others  have  been 
formed.  Mr.  Miles  being  a  heretic  of  the  Roger 
A\  illiams  order  was  not  allowed  to  remain  in  Reho- 
both. He  removed  with  his  church  to  a  grant  of 
land  called  Wannamoiset,  which  he  had  obtained 
from  the  Plymouth  Colony,  and  commenced  a  set- 
tlement, to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  his  home 
far  across  the  waters,  Swanzey.  This  territory 
embraced  what  are  now  the  towns  of  Somerset, 
Barrington,  Warren,  and  Swanzey.  Until  1740  it 
was  in  Massachusetts.  In  that  year  a  part  of  the 
territory  was  brought  within  the  limits  of  Rhode 
Island.  On  the  15th  of  November,  1704,  twenty 
brethren  and  thirty-eight  sisters,  the  m.ajority  of 
the  whole  number  being  members  of  the  Swanzey 
church,  were  constituted  a  Baptist  church  in  the 
village  of  Warren.  The  formation  of  the  church 
at  this  time  was  probably  hastened  by  the  follow- 
ing circumstance.  The  Rev.  James  Manning,  of 
New  Jersey,  was  sent  to  Rhode  Island  to  found  an 
institution  in  the  "colony  of  Rhode  Island,  under 
the  chief  direction  of  the  Baptists,  in  which  educa- 
tion might  be  promoted,  and  superior  learning  ol> 
tained."  Several  towns  urged  their  claims  to  be 
the  home  of  the  new  college.  It  was  decided  after 
much  discussion  to  locate  it  in  Warren. 

In  deciding  to  lay  the  foundations  of  the  college 
in  Warren,  it  was  understood  that  the  members  of 
the  Swanzey  church  residing  there  would  carry 
out  a  purpose  already  formed,  to  withdraw,  and 
with  other  Baptists  form  a  new  church,  to  the  pas- 
torate of  which  the  new  president  should  be  called, 
and  thus  a  salary  raised  sufficient  to  meet  his  pecu- 
niary w.ants.  The  call  to  Mr.  Manning  is  dated 
Feb.  17,  1764,  but  the  church  was  not  formed,  as 


we  have  seen,  until  the  following  November.  The 
declaration  from  the  religious  society  which  called 
him  to  be  their  mini.ster  is  worthy  of  permanent 
record  :  "  As  we  are  of  opinion  that  they  who 
preach  the  gospel  should  live  of  the  gospel,  we  do 
here  decl.are  our  intention  to  render  your  life  as 
happy  as  possible,  by  our  brotherly  conduct  towards 
you,  and  communicating  our  temporal  things  to 
your  necessities,  so  long  as  God  in  his  providence 
shall  continue  us  together."  A  house  of  worship 
was  built  soon  after  Dr.  Manning  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Warren.  Some  of  the  bills  wliich  were 
contracted  are  a  curiosity  in  their  way.  The  |)ulpit 
cost  about  thirty  dollars.  The  price  of  meals  in 
those  days  of  rare  economy  was  six  cents  each. 
We  might  suppose  that  the  one-half  day's  labor  of  a 
horse,  which  was  set  down  at  £9,  and  the  one  day's 
work  of  "  Negro  Sharpe,"  which  is  placed  at  £4, 
were  indications  that  very  large  wages  were  paid 
in  those  primitive  times,  until  we  learn  that  their 
"pounds'  were  worth  not  far  from  ten  cents  each. 
The  parsonage  erected  for  the  use  of  the  reverend 
gentleman,  who  combined  in  his  one  person  the 
two  offices  of  president  of  an  infant  college  and 
pastor  of  an  infant  church,  cost?316. 

The  ministry  of  Dr.  Manning  was  followed  with 
a  rich  blessing  from  the  great  head  of  the  church. 
While  performing  the  duties  of  his  presidential 
office,  he  watched  over  the  spiritual  interests  of  the 
people  committed  to  his  charge.  In  1766,  under 
date  of  August  28,  "  it  was  moved  that  an  asso- 
ciation be  entered  into  with  sundry  churches  of  the 
same  faith  and  order,  as  it  was  judged  a  likely 
method  to  promote  the  peace  of  the  churches." 
Out  of  that  vote  spr.ang  the  Warren  Baptist  Asso- 
ciation, the  venerable  mother  of  all  the  A.ssocia- 
tions  in  New  England.  Dr.  Manning,  with  all  his 
respect  for  the  rights  of  conscience,  was  a  man  of 
"  law  and  order."  When  Brother  Samuel  Hicks 
felt  moved  to  preach,  whether  by  a  good  or  a  bad 
spirit  we  do  not  venture  to  say,  without  a  regular 
license  from  the  church,  it  was  voted  "that  he  is 
hereby  forbidden,  as  a  member  of  this  body,  from 
any  further  attempts  until  he  is  properly  called  by 
the  church,  and  that  the  church  see  no  reason  to 
give  him  such  a  call,  nor  encourage  him  .is  a 
preacher."  Brother  Hicks,  however,  was  not  to 
be  restrained  from  doing  what  doubtless  he  thought 
was  his  duty,  whereupon  it  was  voted  that  he  be 
"cut  off  from  the  church  as  a  disorderly  member, 
one  that  causes  divisions,  contrary  to  the  doctrines 
of  Christ,  and  must  be  noted  for  avoidance." 

At  length  the  question  of  a  change  of  location 
of  the  college  was  decided,  and  Providence  was 
selected  as  its  future  home.  The  struggle  through 
which  Dr'.  Manning  passed  in  deciding  to  continue 
his  connection  with  it  and  break  the  tie  which 
bound  him  to"  his  church  was  very  great,  and  Mr. 


WARREN 


1215 


WASHINGTON 


Spalding  tells  us  that  "  at  one  time  he  was  about 
to  resign  the  presidency  rather  than  the  pastorate.'" 
In  light  of  subsequent  events  no  one  can  doubt  the 
wisdom  of  the  decision  which  he  finally  reached. 

The  successor  of  Dr.  Manning  was  Rev.  Charles 
Thompson,  of  whom  there  is  a  sketch  in  this  vol- 
ume, lie  was  ordained  July  3,  1771,  and  remained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  until  he  was  forced  to  leave 
in  consequence  of  the  destruction  by  fire  of  tlie 
meetinghouse  and  parsonage,  by  British  and  Hes- 
sian troops  in  1778.  The  Baptists  of  Warren  wor- 
shiped with  the  old  Swanzey  church  after  the  loss 
of  their  meeting-house,  where  for  seven  j-ears  they 
sat  under  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Thompson,  who  had 
been  called  to  be  the  pastor  of  the  mother-church. 

In  1784  a  new  church  edifice  was  erected.  The 
next  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev.  John  Pitman, 
who  entered  upon  his  ministry  Oct.  26,  1786.  His 
ministry  continued  three  years  and  a  half.  The 
fourth  pastor  was  Rev.  Luther  Baker,  during  whose 
pastorate  there  were  several  most  fruitful  revivals, 
and  large  additions  were  made  to  the  church.  The 
next  three  pastors  were  Rev.  Messrs.  Silas  Hall, 
Daniel  Cheesman,  and  Flavel  Shurtleff,  whose  pas- 
torates were  comparatively  short.  The  Rev.  John  C. 
AVelsh,  the  next  minister,  commenced  his  pastorate 
June  11,  1823,  and  continued  in  his  office  seventeen 
years.  His  ministry  was  blessed  with  several  re- 
vivals. The  ninth  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev. 
Josiah  Phillips  .Justin,  during  whose  ministry  the 
present  elegant  and  commodious  stone  edifice  was 
built,  and  dedicated  on  the  8th  of  May,  184.5.  He 
resigned  Oct.  23,  184'.».  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  A.  Fyfe, 
Rev.  Messrs.  Myron  Munson  Dean,  George  S.  Chase, 
A.  F.  Spalding,  .ind  S.  R.  Dexter  have  ministered 
to  this  ancient  church  during  the  period  which 
has  elapsed  between  1849  and  the  time  of  writing 
this  sketch. 

The  Warren  church  is  among  the  oldest  of  the 
New  England  churches;  it  gave  its  name  to  the 
first  Baptist  Association  in  New  England,  and  it 
has  had  in  its  ministry  men  of  God,  "  good  and 
true,"  whose  labors  have  been  signally  blessed  by 
him  whose  they  were  and  whom  they  tried  to  serve. 

Warren,  Rev.  W.  H.,  was  born  in  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  in  1845,  and  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized in  his  native  place  in  1865.  He  graduated 
from  Acadia  College  in  June,  1871,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Cavendish,  Prince  Edward  Island,  Feb. 
28,  1872.  He  became  pa.stor  in  1874  of  the  Tem- 
ple church,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  leaving  there 
in  August,  1878,  to  take  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bridgetown,  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Warren 
also  occupied  the  position  of  corresponding  secre- 
tary to  the  Home  Missionary  Board  at  Yarmouth. 

■Washburn,  Hon.  Henry  Stevenson,  was  born 
in  Providence.  11.  I.,  in  1M3.  Both  of  liis  parents 
were  of  Puritan  ancestry.     At  the  earlj-  age  of 


thirteen  he  was  placed  in  a  store  in  Boston.  His 
plans  for  life  being  changed,  he  pursued  a  course 
of  study  at  the  Worcester  Academy,  and  entered 
Brown  University  in  1836,  where  he  remained 
nearly  a  year,  and  then  was  compelled,  on  account 
of  ill  health,  to  abandon  his  purpose  of  obtaining 
a  collegiate  education.  Soon  after  leaving  college 
he  was  appointed  depositarian  of  the  New  England 
Sunday-School  Union,  and  held  this  office  seven 
years.  Subsequently  he  became  a  manufacturer 
in  Worcester  and  Boston,  and  afterwards  was  ap- 
pointed president  of  the  Union  Mutual  Life  In- 
surance Company.  He  spent  three  years  abroad 
in  behalf  of  the  company.  Mr.  Washburn  has  oc- 
cupied many  positions  of  honor  and  responsibility. 
For  four  years  he  was  president  of  the  Worcester 
County  Manufacturers'  and  Mechanics'  Associa- 
tion, and  for  nine  years  was  a  member  of  the  Bos- 
ton School  Board.  He  was  a  representative  from 
Boston  two  j'ears  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature, 
and  for  one  year  he  was  in  the  State  senate,  where 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Education. 
He  has  carefully  cultivated  his  literary  tastes,  and 
has  published  many  hymns,  lyrics,  etc.  He  orig- 
inated the  Young  Reaper,  of  which  he  was  the 
editor  seven  years.  He  has  also  written  and  pub- 
lished much  on  life  insurance,  as  the  result  of  his 
personal  observations  in  Great  Britain,  France,  and 
Germany.     His  present  residence  is  in  Boston. 

Washington,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cobb.— Among 
those  of  our  Baptist  Zion  who  have  adorned  the 
gospel  by  their  works  of  faith  and  labors  of  love 
the  name  of  this  sainted  woman  merits  honorable 
mention.  Her  maiden  name  was  Cobb,  and  she 
was  born  in  Lenoir  Co.,  N.  C,  April  27,  1780. 
In  1800  she  married  Mr.  John  Washington,  of 
Kinston,  related  to  Gen.  Geo.  AYashington,  and  re- 
moved to  Newbern  in  1831. 

She  was  christened  in  infancy,  her  family  being 
Episcopalians,  but  having  made  a  profession  of 
faith  in  Christ  after  marriage,  she  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  Southwest  Baptist  church, 
Lenoir  Co.,  where  her  membership  remained  as 
long  as  she  lived.  After  the  death  of  her  husband, 
in  1837,  she  made  her  home  with  her  daughter, 
Mrs.  Gov.  W.  A.  Graham,  a  Baptist,  eminent  for 
her  faith  and  usefulness. 

Mrs.  Wiishington's  benefactions  were  many,  con- 
sidering her  income,  were  large,  and  extended 
through  the  whole  course  of  her  life.  She  gave 
$1000  for  the  erection  of  a  church  at  Newbern, 
l?l(K)  each  to  the  churches  of  Raleigh  and  Chapel 
Hill,  and  S2000  to  build  the  church  at  Hills- 
borough. She  was  an  ardent  friend  of  ministerial 
education,  and  not  only  contributed  to  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  but  in  addition 
to  other  gifts  to  Wake  Forest  College,  bought  a 
scholarship,  worth  $500,  in  1855.     She  also  aided 


WASHINGTON 


1216 


WATERHOUSE 


several  of  our  most  useful  ministers  with  the  means 
to  prosecute  their  studies  at  college.  She  died  in 
Ilillsbarough,  at  the  house  of  Gov.  Graham,  March 
8, 1858,  and  was  buried  by  the  side  of  her  husband 
in  Newbern. 

Washington  Territory  is  the  extreme  north- 
western portion  of  the  United  States  possessions, 
except  Alaska.  It  has  splendid  harbors,  is  rich  in 
forests  and  agricultural  resources,  and  is  fast  be- 
coming; peopled  with  enterprising  men.  Colfax, 
Olympia,  Seattle,  and  Walla  Walla  are  rapidly- 
growing  cities.  The  Baptists  in  this  State  are  be- 
ginning to  show  much  strength,  and  are  laying 
foundations  for  a  vigorous  future.  Several  churches 
have  boon  organized,  by  its  pioneer  prcacliers  and 
others,  who  have  come  to  their  aid,  such  as  Revs. 
K.  Weston,  P.  H.  Harper,  W.  E.  M.  James,  J.  P. 
Ludlow,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Judge  Roger  S.  Greene, 
and  J.  L.  Blitch,  D.D.  Two  Associations  and  a 
Convention  are  organized,  and  the  foundation- 
work  for  a  Baptist  school  of  learning  has  been 
laid.  The  Colfax  Academy  and  Business  Institute, 
with  Miss  L.  L.  West  as  principal,  gives  promise 
of  good  service  for  the  denomination  in  Washing- 
ton Territory. 

Watchman,  The,  a  weekly  religious  paper,  pub- 
lished rn  Boston,  was  started,  in  1819,  by  True  & 
AVeston,  Mr.  Weston  being  its  first  editor.  The 
original  name  of  the  paper  was  The  Christian 
Wntrhmaii,  and  it  was  intended  to  be  an  organ  of 
the  Baptist  denomination,  setting  forth  and  vin- 
dicating, in  a  kind,  Christian  spirit,  the  peculiar 
tenets  and  practices  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  this 
ciiuntry.  Messrs.  True  &  AVeston  did  not  long 
retain  their  connection  with  the  paper,  but  passed 
it  into  the  bands  of  AVilliam  Nichols,  Deacon  James 
Loring  acting  as  its  editor.  Here  it  remained  for 
fifteen  years,  and,  as  an  exponent  of  Baptist  prin- 
ciples and  practices,  it  performed  excellent  service 
for  the  denomination.  On  the  retirement  of  Dea- 
con Loring  from  the  editorial  chair,  Rev.  B.  F. 
Farnsworth  took  charge  of  the  paper  for  a  few 
months,  when  he  was  succeeded  liy  Rev.  Ebenezer 
Thresher,  who  was  its  editor  for  thi-ee  years. 
During  the  next  ten  years — from  1838  to  1848 — 
The  Christian  Walchmnn  was  under  the  editorial 
management  of  Rev.  William  Crowell,  whose  abil- 
ity as  a  writer  was  everywhere  acknowledged. 
Under  his  supervision  the  paper  took  a  high  posi- 
tion among  the  religious  periodicals  of  the  day. 
In  consequence  of  what  by  many  were  regarded  as 
too  conservative  views  on  the  exciting  topics  which 
were  agitating  the  community  during  this  period, 
Mr.  Crowell'a  position  was  condemned;  and  there 
seeming  to  be  a  call  for  the  establishment  of  an- 
other paper,  the  Christinn  Reflector  was  started  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  with  Cyrus  Grosvenor  as  editor, 
and  W.  S.  Dannell  as  publisher.     In  1844  the  new 


paper  was  removed  to  Boston,  and,  under  the  edi- 
torial management  of  Rev.  H.  A.  Graves,  it  wag 
not  long  before  its  circulation  exceeded  that  of  The 
Christian  Watchman.  The  health  of  -Mr.  Graves 
led  to  his  resignation,  and  the  paper  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Kev.  J.W.  Olmsteail.  The  two  jiapers 
were  united  in  1848,  under  the  editorial  nmnage- 
ment  of  Messrs.  Olmstead  and  ILigiie.  Mr.  I).  S. 
Ford,  one  of  the  publishers,  soon  <ame  upon  the 
editorial  staff,  his  specialty  being  the  arrangement 
of  the  outside  of  the  paper,  which,  by  his  enterprise 
and  rare  tact,  was  made  as  attractive  as  the  inside. 
The  general  tone  and  circulation  of  the  paper  con- 
tinued to  improve  from  year  to  year  until  1867, 
when  it  was  enlarged  to  an  eight-paged  sheet, 
furnishing  to  its  patrons  nearly  double  the  amount 
of  reading  matter,  with  but  a  small  increase  in  its 
price.  Mr.  Ford  retired  from  the  Walchimni  and 
Reflector  at  the  close  of  the  year  1867,  and  the  pro- 
prietorship and  editorial  management  were  in  the 
hands  of  Dr.  Olinstead.  The  Christian  Kra,  which 
commenced  its  existence  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  in  1852, 
to  meet  the  demand  for  a  more  thoroughly  out- 
spoken anti-slavery  paper,  after  passing  through  a 
successful  career,  chiefly  under  the  management 
of  its  editor.  Rev.  Dr.  Webster,  was  merged  into 
what,  under  the  present  arrangement,  is  called 
The  Watchman,  at  the  close  of  1875.  The  editors 
of  The  Watchman  were  Drs.  Olmstead,  Lorimer, 
and  Johnson  during  the  year  1876.  Rev.  L.  E. 
Smith,  D.D.,  for  a  long  time  connected  with  th« 
Examiner,  oHievi  York,  took  the  editorial  chair  at 
the  beginning  of  1877.  The  circulation  of  the  paper 
in  1878  was  a  little  under  20,000,  and  was  con- 
stantly increasing.  Its  growth  has  been  extraor- 
dinary. The  Christian  Watchman,  insignificant 
in  size,  has  expanded  to  a  sheet  49  inches  by  33, 
nearly  eight  times  as  large  as  at  its  birth.  The 
expense  of  a  single  paper  for  original  matter  has 
been  often  larger  than  the  former  outlay  for  an 
entire  year.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that^a  prosper- 
ous future  is  before  it. 

Waterhouse,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  was  born  in 
Ridgefield,  Conn.,  Sept.  10,  1811;  was  graduated 
at  Madison  University  in  1839,  and  from  the  semi- 
nary at  Hamilton  in  1841.  In  1852  he  was  en- 
gaged in  building  up  an  interest  of  the  city  mis- 
sion in  Newark.  He  has  been  pastor  of  several 
churches,  and  has  tanght  much,  especially  the 
classics.  Though  in  feeble  health,  he  preaches 
ncc.isioimlly,  and  is  a  prominent  member  in  the 
church  at  Lakewood,  N.  J.,  where  be  resides.  lie 
has  been  a  close  student  of  the  original  languages 
of  the  Bible ;  was  engaged  in  translation  service 
for  the  Bible  Union,  and  has  been  for  years  at 
work  upon  a  critical  revision  of  the  New  Testjv- 
mcnt,  accompanied  with  philological  notes.  He  is 
particularly  methodical  in  his  studies,  remarkably 


WATERS 


1217 


WATTS 


correct  in  his  translations,  an  excellent  Bible-class 
teacher,  and  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  religious 
press. 

Waters,  Eev,  James,  pastor  of  the  Edgefield 

Baptist  church  since  June,  1879.  was  horn  at 
Waterstown,  Wilson  Co.,  Tenn., — a  son  of  W.  T. 
\Vaters,  a  leading  citizen  of  that  part  of  the  State. 
lie  was  educated  at  Union  University,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Tenn.,  where  he  graduated  with  the  high- 
est hon(n'8  in  1858.  The  year  previous  he  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  JMurfrecsborough,  and 
at  once  began  the  studj'  of  theolouy.  After  grad- 
uating he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  his  native 
place,  and  preached  thei'c  and  in  adjacent  communi- 
ties until  1862,  when  he  removed  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  spent  three  years  as  teacher,  principally 
in  Meadville  and  in  the  Levvishurg  University. 
In  1866  he  resumed  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
serving  churches  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Mount 
Holly,  N.  J.,  and  AVilmington,  Del.,  until  1873, 
when  he  was  chosen  by  the  American  Baptist  Pub- 
lication Society  as  district  secretary  in  New  York 
City  and  vicinity.  This  position  he  held  success- 
fully until  the  fall  of  1876,  when  he  retired  to 
devote  a  season  to  the  study  of  law,  in  New  York 
City,  to  which  ho  had  given  some  attention  during 
his  secretaryship.  He  graduated  at  Columbia  Col- 
lege in  the  law  department.  Meantime  he  served 
the  church  at  Passaic,  N.  J.,  as  pastor  until  the 
spring  of  1879,  when  he  settled  at  Edgefield,  Tenn. 
The  average  increase  in  churches  he  has  served 
has  been  about  tHcnty-five  per  annum,  and  these 
are  distwbuted  over  the  year.  He  prepares  his 
sermons  with  cave,  and  speaks  with  or  without 
notes  with  equal  ease,  lie  has  written  consider- 
ably for  the  lldhjious  Herald  over  the  ikhii  de 
plume  of  ■•  Tyro,''  for  the  KatiaiKil  liaplist  as 
'■  Sajem,"  and  has  published  occasional  sermons. 
He  is  a  son-in-law  of  Dr.  .1.  M.  Pendleton. 

Watkinson,  Rev.  William  E.,  was  born  at 
Penilicrton,  N.  J.,  .June  30,  1821  :  was  baptized  by 
Ilev.  (jecirge  B.  Ide,  and  joined  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  in  1841.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach,  in  1802,  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Chicago,  III.,  entering  the  ministry  directly  from 
mercantile  life.  lie  was  ordained  at  Manayunk, 
Philadelphia,  March  24,  1854;  has  been  pastor  at 
Manayunk,  West  Chester,  Nicetown,  Pa.,  Hamil- 
ton Square  and  Kingwood,  N.  -I.  The  present 
pastorate  at  Kingwood  began  April  1,  1876.  He 
has  baptized  a  large  number,  several  of  whom  have 
entered  the  ministry,  and  he  h.is  taught  a  Bible- 
class  for  more  than  thirty-seven  years.  He  is  a 
brother  of  the  Rev.  RI.  K.  Watkinson,  a  minister 
of  unusual  talents,  who  was  greatly  blessed  in  his 
labors  both  in  the  North  and  in  the  South,  who 
died  a  few  years  ago  lamented  by  large  nnniljers 
who  knew  his  great  worth  and  deep  piety. 


Watson,  James  Madison,  a  deacon  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church,  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  was  born 
in  Central  New  York,  and  is  a  well-known  author 
and  teacher.  His  series  of  works  on  elocution  has 
been  widely  circulated,  and  his  improved  reading 
bonks  are  much  used.  Mr.  Watson  is  a  ready 
worker  in  the  church  as  well  as  in  the  cause  of 
secular  education. 

Watson,  Rev.  Jonathan,  was  bom  at  Jlont- 
rose,  •Scotland,  in  1794.  He  studied  medicine  and 
practised  his  profession  in  his  native  place.  He 
began  his  ministry  in  early  life,  his  first  pastoral 
charge  being  at  Dundee,  whence  he  removed  after 
a  brief  residence  to  Cupar,  Fife.  In  both  places  he 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Dui-ing 
his  residence  at  Cupar  he  w.as  greatly  blessed  in 
his  ministry,  the  Baptist  church  there  having  been 
founded  by  him  in  1816.  In  1842  he  removed  to 
Edinburgh  to  become  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Innes, 
minister  of  the  Elder  Street  Baptist  church.  After 
Dr.  Innes's  death  Mr.  Watson  became  sole  pastor. 
A  new  edifice  was  erected  in  1858.  In  1868  the 
church  associated  with  him  the  Rev.  Samuel  New- 
man as  co-pastor,  a  relationship  which  continued 
until  his  death,  Oct.  19,  1878,  at  the  ripe  age  of 
eighty-four.  Mr.  Watson  filled  for  many  years  a 
leading  position  in  evangelical  circles  in  Edin- 
burgh, and  associated  his  name  with  many  impor- 
tant public  questions.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Medical  Missionary  Society.  In  his  old  age 
he  published  a  volume  entitled  ''Preparing  for 
Home,"  which  had  a  wide  circulation,  and  went 
through  several  editions.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  of  Scottish  minis- 
ters, having  been  in  the  ministry  for  the  long  pe- 
i-iod  of  si.\ty-four  years.  He  took  a  warm  interest 
in  the  work  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Societj',  and 
was  chosen  one  of  the  honorary  members  of  the 
committee  when  age  disabled  him  from  active  ser- 
vice. 

Watson,  Deacon  W.  W.,  who  died  at  Spring- 
field, 111.,  in  November,  1874,  in  the  eighty-first 
year  of  his  age,  was  born  at  Moorestown,  N.  J., 
April  1,  1794.  In  1815  he  removed  to  Lexington, 
Ky.,  in  1817  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  in  1836  to 
Illinois.  He  was  closely  identified  with  denomi- 
national movements  in  the  State,  especially  as  con- 
nected with  missions  ;  having  been  one  of  those  by 
whom  the  (ii'iieral  .Vssociatinn  was  organized. 

Watts,  Rev.  James  Molison,  was  born  in 
Guilford  Co.,  N.  C,  March  22,  1817.  In  his  early 
childhood  his  pai'cnts  removed  to  Georgia,  and  in 
August,  1834,  he  professed  faith  in  Christ,  and 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  C(dumbus. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  all  Christian  work,  ami 
was  clerk  of  his  Association.  Subsequently  he  re- 
moved to  .Vlabama,  where  he  was  ordained  May 
26,  1S43.     During  the  years  1854  and  1855  he  was 


WATTS 


1218 


WA  UGH 


associated  with  Dr.  Samuel  Henderson  in  the  edi- 
torship of  the  Southwestern  Jlajitint,  at  Tuskejiee, 
Ahv.,  in  which  position  lie  won  consideral)lo  repu- 
tation as  a  clear  and  forcible  writer.  Afterwards 
ho  returned  to  Georgia,  and  resided  in  Columbus, 
where  he  died  of  consumption  Feb.  2,  1860.  His 
last  words  were,  "  All  is  well." 

Watts,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  Nov.  3,  1G61,  at 
Lydd,  County  of  Kent,  England,  and  came  to 
Amerjca  about  1086.  He  was  baptized  at  Lower 
Dublin,  Nov.  21,  1087,  and  he  succeeded  Elias 
Keach  as  pastor  of  the  Lower  Dublin  church  in 
1691.  He  held  this  oflGce  until  Aug.  27,  1702,  when 
he  died  of  smallpox.  Mr.  Watts  was  well  act(uainted 
with  divinity,  and  his  general  learning  was  re- 
spectable ;  he  was  also  an  author  of  no  mean 
ability- 
Watts,  Gov.  Thomas  Hill,  was  bom  in  Butler 
Co.,  Ala.,  Jan.  3,  1819.     Graduated  from  the  Uni- 


GOV.   THOMAS    HILL    WATTS. 

versity  of  Virginia  in  1840.  In  1841  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Greenville  in  his  native  county, 
and  soon  acquired  a  profitable  business.  In  1842 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  ;  was  returned  in 
1844  and  in  1845.  In  1847  he  removed  to  the  city 
of  Montgomery,  and  has  resided  there  ever  since, 
pursuing  mainly  the  practice  of  law.  In  1849  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Montgomery 
County;  in  1853  to  the  State  senate.  In  1801, 
with  the  Hon.  William  L.  Yancej',  he  represented 
Montgomery  County  in  the  secession  convention. 
The  same  year,  as  colonel  of  the  17th  Alabama  Regi- 
ment, he  went  to  the  seat  of  war,  where  he  re- 


mained until  April  9,  1802,  when  he  was  chosen 
by  President  Davis  to  the  position  of  attorney- 
general  in  his  cabinet ;  remained  there  until  elected 
governor  of  Alabama,  in  It'OiJ,  a  position  which 
he  held  until  the  fortunes  of  war  destroyed  the 
Confederate  cause.  Since  that  time  he  has  prac- 
tised law  in  Montgomery,  standing  among  the 
most  eminent  in  that  profession  in  Alabama. 

In  ltS40,  in  Greenville,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
David  Lee.  Since  his  removal  to  Montgomery  he 
has  occupied  a  most  prominent  position  in  the  mem- 
bership of  the  First  Baptist  church.  Has  often 
given  liberally  to  the  enterprises  of  the  denomina- 
tion at  large  as  well  as  in  his  own  city.  He  is  a 
strict  temperance  man.  Before  the  war  Gov.  AVatts 
bad  acquired  a  large  fortune,  but  that  unhappy 
struggle  stripped  him  of  all.  He  often  expresses 
it  as  his  chief  regret  that  his  changed  circumstances 
deprive  him  of  the  ability  to  give  as  he  once  could 
to  religion,  education,  and  the  general  public  weal. 
With  cheerful  heart,  pleasant  face,  and  kind  words 
he  prosecutes  the  arduous  duties  of  his  profes- 
sion, maintaining  his  house  on  a  liberal  basis, 
and  giving  generously  to  objects  of  benevolence. 
Alabama  has  not  a  more  distinguished  citizen. 

Waugh,  Rev.  C.  V.,  is  a  native  of  Virginia, 
and  was  born  at  Manchester,  in  that  State,  in 
1.S49.  His  grandfather  came  from  Ireland.  His 
parents  are  yet  living,  but  advanced  in  years. 
They  set  their  hearts  upon  educating  him  for  a  phy- 
sician, but  the  late  war  frustrated  their  plans,  and 
this  was  providential,  for  God  designed  him  for 
another  work. 

lie  was  converted  in  1865,  and  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  W.  E.  Hatcher  at  Manchester,  in  February, 
1800.  He  came  up  from  his  baptismal  grave  ask- 
ing, "Lord,  what  wilt  thou  have  me  to  do?"  and 
was  at  once  impressed  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach,  and  this  conviction  grew  upon  him  until 
he  yielded  to  God's  call. 

The  church  at  Manchester  decided  that  he  should 
go  to  Richmond  College.  He  entered  it  and  grad- 
uated. During  his  course  he  was  awarded  a  gold 
medal  for  being  the  best  speaker  in  his  society, — 
Pliilologian. 

Leaving  college  with  health  impaired,  he  went 
to  Hillsborough,  Albemarle  Co.,  taught  school,  and 
preached  successfullj'.  At  this  place,  March  9, 
1873,  he  was  ordained  by  J.  E.  Massie,  S.  P.  Huff, 
P.  Cleaveland,  and  J.  C.  Long.  He  resigned  his 
church  in  1874,  and  in  October  of  that  year  en- 
tered the  theological  seminary,  desiring  to  take 
a  full  course,  but  on  account  of  declining  health 
pursued  the  pastor's  course  only,  and  in  1875  en- 
tered the  pastorate  at  Modest  Town,  Va.,  to  which 
he  had  been  invited  before  entering  the  seminary. 

Here  he  labored  until  he  was  providentially  di- 
rected to  Gainesville,  Fla.,  from  which  a  call  was 


WAUKESHA 


12i9 


WAYLAND 


extended  to  him,  and  at  the  same  time  he  was  ad- 
vised by  liis  physician  to  go  South.  He  accepted 
the  invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  Gainesville 
church,  and  came  to  the  State  in  1876.  During  his 
pastorate  the  church  has  been  much  strengthened, 
the  house  of  vrorship  enlarged,  a  baptistery  put  in, 
and  other  improvements  have  been  made.  Besides 
his  work  in  Gainesville,  he  has  visited  other  im- 
portant ]ioint8  and  assisted  successfully  in  pro- 
tracted meetings. 

Mr.  Waugh  is  industrious  and  enthusiastic  in 
his  undertakings.  He  is  a  vigorous  thinker  and  a 
good  sernionizer.  He  has  been  clerk  of  his  Asso- 
ciation and  of  the  State  Convention,  and  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Alachua  County  Bible 
Society. 

Waukesha,  Wis.,  in  its  early  history  was 
simply  Prairieville,  a  neat  rural  village,  set  in  the 
midst  of  a  beautiful  farming  country.  But  Prairie- 
ville was  exchanged  for  the  Indian  name  which 
it  now  bears.  It  is  worthy  to  be  noticed  in  Bap- 
tist history,  because  here  the  second  Baptist  church 
organized  in  the  State  was  founded,  and  here  Dr. 
Robert  Boyd,  of  sainted  memory,  had  his  home 
for  many  years ;  here  he  prepared  on  his  couch 
of  suffering  the  books  which  have  comforted  so 
many  believers  and  led  so  many  sinners  to  Christ. 
Here,  too,  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
has  been  the  home  of  Dr.  A.  Kendrick,  father 
of  President  Kendrick,  of  Shurtleff  College.  In 
recent  years  it  has  become  famous  through  its 
Betliesda  Springs  as  a  summer  resort,  and  the 
place  overflows  in  the  summer  season  with  visitors. 
Waul,  Gen.  Thomas  N.,  stands  in  the  front 
rank  among  the  leading  men  of  Texas,  and  without 
a  superior  as  a  lawyer  at  the  Galveston  bar.  lie 
was  born  in  Sumter  District,  S.  C,  Jan.  8,  1815. 
His  education  was  received  in  South  Carolina,  from 
whose  State  institution.  South  Carolina  College,  he 
graduated.  He  studied  law  in  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
with  Hon.  Sergeant  S.  Prentiss,  the  distinguished 
political  orator  and  lawyer.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  July,  1835,  when  twenty  years 
of  age.  lie  early  distinguished  himself  in  Missis- 
sippi, and  when  chosen  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court 
exhibited  signal  ability.  lie  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  first  Confederate  Congress  from  the 
State  of  Texas.  He  was  a  general  in  the  Confed- 
erate army,  having  raised  the  command  well  known 
as  "  Waul's  Legion."  Ilis  career  as  a  soldier  was 
marked  by  eminent  skill  and  gallantry.  He  re- 
ceived a  severe  wound  in  a  Louisiana  engagement. 
He  professed  religion  at  Grenada,  Miss.,  in  184G, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  E.  C.  Eager.  He  iden- 
tified himself  with  the  cause  of  Christ,  taking  a 
deep  interest  in  the  promotion  of  measures  for  ad- 
vancing education  and  home  and  foreign  missiims. 
He  served  most  acceptably  as  moderator  of  the 


Yalobusha  Association,  Miss.,  and  from  May,  1855, 
to  November,  1859,  was  elected  president  annually 
of  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
served  with  rare  parliamentary  tact.  The  Missis- 
sippi Convention  then  embraced  important  places 
in  Louisiana,  especially  New  Orleans.  He  is  now 
a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Galveston, 
under  the  care  of  Rev.  Wm.  Howard,  D.D.,  and 
besides  discharging  his  church  duties  and  attending 
to  a  large  legal  practice,  gives  much  attention  to 
the  cause  of  public  education. 

Wayland  Academy. — Early  educational  move- 
ments in  Wisconsin  resulted  in  the  establishment 
of  Wayland  Academy,  at  Beaver  Dam,  for  young 
men,  and  the  Baptist  Female  College,  at  Fox  Lake, 
for  young  women  ;  the  former  in  1854  and  the  lat- 
ter in  1855.  At  Beaver  Dam  a  college  building 
was  erected  at  a  cost  of  S20,000,  the  corner-stone 
of  which  was  laid  July  4,  1855.  At  Fox  Lake  a 
college  building  was  reared  at  a  cost  of  $10,000. 
The  preparatory  department  of  the  college  at  Beaver 
Dam  was  opened  Sept.  19,  1855,  with  Benjamin 
Newall,  A.B.,  as  principal,  and  Rev.  II.  I.  Parker, 
who  had  recently  entered  the  State  from  New  Eng- 
land, as  financial  agent.  Forty  students  were  en- 
tered the  first  term.  The  Female  College  at  Fox 
Lake  was  opened  the  second  Wednesday  in  October, 
and  continued  through  the  year  with  Miss  Scriburt 
as  principal,  Mrs.  Phebe  Thompson,  associate  prin- 
cipal, and  fifty-eight  students  in  attendance.  In 
1858,  three  years  after  the  opening,  the  board  of 
instruction  at  AV'.iyland  .was  Allen  S.  Ilutchens, 
chairman  of  the  faculty,  and  Professor  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  Languages;  Benjamin  Newall,  Professor 
of  Mathematics  ;  Charles  Ilutchens,  Tutor  ;  and 
II.  B.  Moore,  Principal  of  the  Academic  Depart- 
ment. Eighty-five  students  were  enrolled.  The 
teachers  at  the  Female  College  at  Fox  Lake  were 
the  same  as  at  the  opening,  and  115  pupils  were  in 
attendance.  About  $30,000  had  been  expended  in 
buildings  .and  college  appointments.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  the  Baptist  denomination  in  any  State 
ever  laid  better  foundations  forChristian  education 
at  greater  sacrifices  than  theBajitists  of  Wisconsin 
in  the  founding  and  establishment  of  these  Chris- 
tian institutions  of  learning.  Of  subsequent  sad 
trials  and  crushing  disappointments  it  is  not  neces- 
sary here  to  speak.  They  were  organized  and  con- 
ducted through  their  early  triumphs  and  defeats  by 
as  devoted  and  solf-denying  a  company  of  men  as 
ever  toiled  and  prayed  in  the  ranks  of  the  Baptist 
ministry  in  America,  and  carried  on  through  their 
trials  and  embarrassments  by  as  brave  a  band  of 
teachers  as  ever  gathered  and  taught  classes.  Many 
of  these  noble  men  are  still  doing  service  on  earth, 
but  some  are  now  in  glory.  Fish,  De  Laney,  l^n- 
dcrwood,  Ilutchens,  and  Newall  among  the  living, 
and   Briglit   and  Wliitmaii  among   the  dead,  have 


WA  YLAND 


1220 


WA  YLAND 


left,  ill  tlic  foiindiiif:  of  these  iDstitutions,  tlicir 
noblest  work. 

Wayliiiiil  Academy,  in  its  present  position,  is 
doin<;,  iuid  is  destined  to  perform,  a  splendid  work 
for  the  Baptists  of  Wisconsin.  It  is  moving  to  the 
fr(int  rank  of  well-endowed  academies,  where  the 
l)Cst  preparation  is  given  for  the  college  and  the 
university  and  all  the  needs  of  practical  life.  It 
has  an  able  and  thoroughly  ([ualilied  corps  of  in- 
structors, and  generous  hearts  have  made  ample 
provision  by  will  fur  its  future,  and  though  strug- 
gling for  want  of  present  resources,  its  prospects 
are  lull  of  promise  and  hope.  The  institution  has 
now  (1S81))  a  faculty  of  six  instructors: 

Kev.  N.  E.  Wood,  M.A.,  Principal  ;  John  Suth- 
erland, 15. A.,  Professor  of  Latin  ;  Mrs.  Alice  Boise 
Wood,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Greek  and  Modern  Lan- 
guages; Miss  M.  A.  Cuckow,  Mathematics;  Miss 
Linnie  Aiken,  Drawing  and  Painting;  Miss  Eliza- 
beth .1.  Laning,  Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music. 

It  has  property  valued  at!?30,(IU0.  It  has  a  pay- 
ing endowment  of  S12,<MX).  It  has  no  debts.  It 
has  a  library  of  ISUO  volumes.  It  never  had  more 
intelligent  friends.  Although  it  has  hitherto  con- 
fined itself  to  simple  academic  work,  it  is  contem- 
plated in  the  near  future  to  vindicate  the  purposes 
and  hopes  of  its  founders  liy  taking  the  position 
for  which  it  was  chartered,  and  introduce  the  full 
college  course. 

Wayland,  Rev.  Francis,  was  born  in  Frome, 

Somersetshire,  Eiiglarul,  in  1772.  In  17113  he 
sailed  for  New  York,  where  he  landed  September 
30.  He  immediately  established  himself  in  busi- 
ness in  New  York  City,  where  both  he  and  Mrs. 
Wayland  became  members  of  the  Oliver  Street  Bap- 
tist church,  then  known  as  Fayette  Street,  after- 
wards under  the  ministry  of  Uev.  Jcjlin  AVilliams. 
By  this  church  Mr.  Wayland  was  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel  in  ISO."),  and  in  1N()7  he  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Poughkcepsie. 
He  afterwards  was  settled  at  Albany  and  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  and  in  1819  he  became  pastor  in  Saratoga 
Springs.  The  church  met  in  a  small  building, 
nearly  two  miles  from  the  village,  at  what  is  now 
known  as  Oeyscrville,  with  occasional  services  in 
a  school-house  in  the  village.  Mr.  Wayland  soon 
secured  funds  for  a  new  church  in  the  village, 
which  was  erected  in  1821  on  the  site  now  occu- 
pied by  a  larger  edifice.  In  1823,  Mr.  Wayland 
resigned,  and  though  afterwards  repeatedly  invited 
to  other  pastorates,  he  declined  any  settlement. 
He  continued  to  reside  at  Saratoga  Springs  ;  was 
much  called  upon  in  councils,  where  his  judgment 
was  highly  valued,  and  to  supply  feeble  and  desti- 
tute churches,  which  he  did  gratuitously  and  cheer- 
fully. The  sick  and  the  sorrowful  of  all  creeds 
were  his  charge.  He  is  still  held  in  honored  mem- 
ory.    He  was  early  convinced   of  the  dangers  of 


the  drinking  usages  which  prevailed,  and  he  was 
among  the  first  promoters  of  the  temperance  move- 
ment. He  maintained  that  the  church  of  Christ 
was  the  great  temperance  society,  and  that  all 
efforts  could  be  permanently  successful  only  as  the 
reform  is  based  on  Christian  principle.  He  was  a 
man  of  strong  sense,  practical  wisdom,  unflinching 
rectitude,  and  positive  ideas.  His  religious  char- 
acter was  consistent  and  equable.  He  was  pre- 
eminently a  man  of  prayer  and  faith.  Truth  and 
godly  sincerity  characterized  his  intercourse  with 
men.  He  was  English  in  character  and  manners, 
but  an  honest  lover  of  republican  institutions. 
In  social  life  he  was  genial  and  courteous.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  earnest  and  practical.  Having  a 
deep  personal  experience  of  divine  things,  he  spoke 
to  the  heart  and  conscience.  He  died  at  Saratoga 
Springs,  April  9,  1849,  after  a  short  illness.  Up 
to  his  last  sickness  he  was  full  of  activity,  abating 
nothing  of  his  interest  in  religious  or  social  duties. 
It  was  a  wish  often  <'.\presscd  by  him  that  he 
might  not  "  rust  out,''  and  the  Lord  \\as  mindful 
of  this  desire  of  his  servant. 

Wayland,  President  Francis,  was  bom  in 
New  York  City,  March  11,  1796.    His  parents  (who 


PRESIDENT  FR.\NCIS  WAVI.AND. 

were  natives  of  England)  were  characterized  by 
great  integrity,  industry,  robust  sense,  earnest 
moral  convictions,  and  an  almost  passionate  love 
'  of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  The  father,  Francis 
Wayland,  Sr.,  at  the  age  of  thirty-five,  gave  up  the 
business  of  a  currier  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
gospel  ministry,   laboring  as  pastor  of  the   Bap- 


WA  YLAND 


1221 


WA  YLAND 


tist  churches  in  Poughkeepsie,  Troy,  Albany,  and 
Saratoga  Springs. 

The  son,  while  showing  no  marks  of  precocity, 
was  manly,  faithful,  and  industrious.  The  schools 
of  that  day  seem  to  have  been  nearly  worthless. 
The  memory  alone  was  exercised,  and  tlie  only 
motive  employed  was  fear  of  punishment.  Of 
one  of  his  early  schools  he  wrote,  late  in  life, 
"  The  only  pleasure  I  have  in  remembering  this 
school  is  derived  from  the  belief  that  boys  of  the 
present  day  are  not  exposed  to  such  miseruble  in- 
struction." He  adds,  "  Perhaps  my  experience 
was  not  altogether  lost ;  it  has  at  least  served  to 
impress  me  with  the  importance  of  doing  every- 
thing in  my  power  to  bring  whatever  I  attempted 
to  teach  within  the  understanding  of  the  learner." 
When  he  was  eleven  years  old  he  came  under  the 
instruction  of  Mr.  Daniel  II.  Barnes,  and  for  the 
first  time  he  found  himself  in  the  presence  of  a 
real  teacher. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  graduated  at  Union 
College,  then  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Nott, 
and  at  once  began  the  study  of  medicine,  which  he 
completed  three  years  later.  During  the  last  year 
of  his  medical  studies  he  became  a  Christian  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  Feeling  that  he 
was  called  to  the  ministry,  he  entered,  in  the  fall 
of  181G,  the  Andover  Theological  Seminary.  Here 
lie  was  chiefly  under  the  instruction  of  Prof  Moses 
Stuart,  for  whom  he  always  cherished  a  grateful 
and  reverent  aBection.  At  the  end  of  a  year  he 
left  the  seminary  to  become  a  tutor  in  Union  Col- 
lege. It  is  probable  that  nothing  could  have  been 
a  better  preparation  for  the  life  which  Providence 
had  assigned  him  than  this  position.  The  four 
years  which  he  spent  in  teaching  the  various  col- 
lege studies  and  in  learning  sermon-making  from 
the  wise  and  eloquent  Dr.  Nott,  he  always  regarded 
as  of  inestimable  value. 

In  1821  he  was  called  to  be  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Here,  notwith- 
standing the  drawbacks  of  a  weak  church  and  an 
unattractive  delivery,  he  became  recognized  as  a 
man  of  great  moral  force,  of  almost  unerring  sa- 
gacity, of  progressive  spirit,  as  a  master  of  thought 
and  expression,  and  a  leader  in  action.  His  ser- 
mon on  "  The  Moral  Dignity  of  the  Missionary 
Enterprise,"  in  1823,  and  that  on  '"  The  Duties  of 
an  American  Citizen,"  in  182-j,  were  but  the  ex- 
pression of  powers  matured  by  silent  study. 

lu  1826  he  accepted  a  professorship  in  Union 
College,  though  he  did  not  intend  permanently  to 
leave  the  pastorate.  A  few  months  later  he  was 
called  to  the  presidency  of  Brown  University,  and 
in  February,  1827,  he  entered  upon  what  was  to  be 
the  great  work  of  his  life. 

The  college  was  at  a  very  low  ebb  in  funds,  in 
discipline  and  scholarship,  in  library,  apparatus, 


and  in  all  of  the  appliances  of  education.  The  new 
president  entered  on  his  work  with  a  high  ideal  and 
with  a  resolute  determination  to  make  the  college 
the  best  possible.  The  lecture-room  became  a 
place  of  eager  ini|ulry  and  discussion.  He  aimed 
not  alone  to  explain  and  establish  liis  views  of  the 
truth,  l)Ut  above  all  to  lead  his  pupils  to  exercise 
their  own  powers.  An  eminent  graduate  once  said. 
"  Six  words  that  he  said  to  the  class  were  worth  more 
to  me  than  all  the  words  I  ever  heard  beside, — 
'Young  gentlemen,  cherish  your  own  conceptions.'" 

The  late  Hon.  B.  V.  Thomas,  LL.D.,  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts, 
expressed  the  sentiment  of  many  (lupils  when  he 
said,  in  1855,  "  A  quarter  of  a  century  has  passed 
since  I  left  these  walls  with  your  blessing.  1  have 
seen  something  of  men  and  of  the  world  since.  I 
esteem  it  to-day  the  happiest  event  of  my  life  that 
brought  me  here,  the  best  gift  of  an  ever-kind 
Providence  to  me  that  I  was  permitted  for  three 
years  to  sit  at  the  feet  of  your  instruction."  Feel- 
ing dissatisfied  with  the  old  text-books,  he  prepared 
lectures  on  all  the  subjects  which  he  taught.  It 
became  remarked  at  the  bar  and  in  tlie  pulpit  that 
a  graduate  of  Brown  University  might  be  known 
by  his  closeness  of  reasoning  and  his  power  of  anal- 
ysis. The  enthusiasm  created  within  the  college 
spread  through  the  community,  and  led  to  the  en- 
largement of  all  the  means  of  instruction. 

But  tlie  impression  deepened  in  the  mind  of  the 
president  that  the  college  was  fulfilling  but  a  (lart 
of  its  mission.  It  was  giving  a  disproporlionate 
amount  of  attention  to  the  classics  and  to  mathe- 
matics ;  it  was  confining  its  blessings  almost  ex- 
clusively to  candidates  for  the  professions  ;  it  was 
ignoring  the  progress  of  human  thought  and  knowl- 
edge and  the  demands  of  the  productive  |)rofes- 
sions,  as  well  as  the  bouiuiless  diversity  of  charac- 
ter and  aim  on  the  part  of  students.  These  views, 
slowly  maturing,  led  to  a  reorganization  of  the 
university  in  1850.  Place  was  given  to  the  more 
modern  studies,  larger  liberty  of  election  was  al- 
lowed, and  the  wants  of  the  industrial  and  produc- 
tive classes  were  especially  regarded.  Tlie  results 
within  the  university  attested  the  wisdom  of  the 
changes,  and  the  progress  made  in  college  educa- 
tion in  America  during  the  past  thirty  years  has 
all  been  along  the  path  in  which  he  led  the  way. 
During  all  these  years  the  moral  and  religious  good 
of  the  students  was  the  object  of  his  untiring  so- 
licitude. He  preached  in  the  chapel  weekly  ser- 
mons prepared  expressly  for  the  students.  He 
often  attended  the  students'  prayer-meetings  ;  he 
counseled  and  prayed  with  them  in  private  ;  he 
especially  welcomed  and  nourished  every  revival 
inlluonce.  Not  a  few  of  his  pupils,  rescued  from 
worldlincss  and  unbelief,  were  led  to  lives  of  high 
devotion  and  benevolence. 


WAYLAND 


1222 


WA  YLAND 


In  1855,  after  more  tlum  t\venty-eij;ht  years  of 
untiring  labor  in  tjie  presidency,  he  re-signed,  feel- 
ing imperatively  the  need  of  rest,  and  unwilling  to 
hold  a  position  of  which  he  was  not  in  the  fullest 
sense  discharging  the  duties.  A  year  later,  under 
the  most  profound  sense  of  duty,  he  served  as  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  and 
continued  for  a  year  and  a  lialf  labors  which  were 
more  taxing  to  him  than  his  labors  in  the  presi- 
dency had  been. 

The  remainder  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  such 
religions  and  humane  labor  as  his  strength  permit- 
ted, lie  bestowed  much  time  and  care  upon  the 
inmates  of  the  State  Prison  and  the  Reform  School. 
Ilis  only  recreation  was  the  care  of  his  garden. 
Preserving  the  clearness  of  his  mind,  and  his  .sym- 
pathy for  his  fellow-men,  he  continued  until  Sept. 
30,  1865,  when  he  died  from  an  attack  of  paralysis. 

His  labors  in  authorship  were  abundant;  he 
published  eighteen  volumes,  among  which  were  the 
"Moral  Science,"  "Political  Economy,"  "Intel- 
lectual Philosoph.y,"  two  volumes  of  sermons, 
"  Life  of  Judson,"  "  Domestic  Slavery  considered 
as  a  Scriptural  Institution,"  etc.  lie  also  pub- 
lished about  fifty  sermons,  addresses,  etc.  The 
"Moral  Science"  has  had  a- circulation  of  150,000, 
and  has  been  reprinted  in  England  and  Scotland, 
and  translated  into  Armenian,  Modern  Greek, 
Hawaiian,  and  Nestorian. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  in  his  earlier  years  some- 
what elaborate,  highly  wrought,  and  rhetorical. 
With  the  advance  of  time,  his  style  became  exceed- 
ingly simple  and  direct,  sacrificing  everything  to 
clearness,  pungency,  and  force.  His  conception 
for  the  moment  of  religious  realities  was  intense 
beyond  expression.  His  most  marked  intellectual 
characteristics  were  his  love  of  truth  and  his  clear- 
ness of  conception  and  expression.  His  love  of 
liberty  for  himself  and  for  others  was  broad  and 
eager.  His  hopes  for  human  advancement  were 
unresting.  His  own  words,  once  uttered  in  pri- 
vate conversation,  "  I  go  for  the  human  race,"  ex- 
pressed the  spirit  of  his  life.  The  trait  which 
towered  above  all  else  was  bis  profound  and  un- 
wavering devotion  to  duty.  In  tlie  just  and 
striking  words  of  his  pupil  and  successor,  President 
E.  G.  Robinson,  "To  him,  ouijhl  and  otujht  nut  were 
the  most  potent  words  that  could  be  spoken." 

He  held  intelligently,  firmly,  and  conscien- 
tiously the  doctrines  of  evangelical  Christianity 
and  the  distinguishing  principles  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  But  be  rejoiced  to  labor,  wherever 
it  was  possible,  with  his  brethren  of  other  Christian 
bodies,  in  promotion  of  the  interests  of  religion 
and  humanity.  Dr.  Wayland  was  one  of  the  great- 
est men  to  whom  our  country  has  given  birth. 

He  was  twice  married  :  his  second  wife  survived 
him  seven  years.     Three  sons  survived  him,  one 


of  whom  has  since  died.  A  memoir  of  his  "  Life 
and  Labors"  (2  vols.)  was  prepared  by  his  sons, 
Francis  and  II.  L.  Wayland. 

Wayland,  Francis,  LL.D.,  son  of  Francis  and 
Lucy  Wayland,  was  born  in  Boston,  Aug.  23,  1826, 


FR.\NCIS    WAV1,.\ND,  LL.D. 

and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1840.  After 
studying  at  the  Harvard  Law-School  and  in  the 
iiffice  of  Ashmun  &,  Chapman  (Springfield,  Mass.). 
he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Worcester, 
Mass.,  in  1850.  In  1858  he  removed  to  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  where  he  now  I'csides.  In  1864  he 
was  elected  judge  of  probate  for  the  district  of  New 
Haven,  and  served  in  that  office  for  two  years.  In 
186'J  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Con- 
necticut. In  1872  he  was  appointed  professor  in 
the  law-school  of  Yale  College,  and  in  1873  he  was 
made  dean  of  the  law-school.  lie  has  written  sev- 
eral articles  in  the  A/lanlic  Mon/hli/,  and  has  also 
prepared  papers  for  the  American  Social  Science 
Association,  especially  on  "  Tramps"  and  on  "  Out- 
Door  Relief."  He  was  (with  his  brother)  joint 
author  of  "  The  Life  and  Labors  of  Francis  Way- 
land."  He  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Educational 
Convention  in  Philadelphia,  in  1872,  and  of  the 
Convention  of  Baptist  Social  Unions  in  Brooklyn, 
ill  1S74,  anil  for  several  years  he  was  president  of 
the  Connecticut  Social  Union.  He  is  president  of 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  Connecticut  State 
Prison,  of  the  Connecticut  Prison  Association,  of 
the  board  of  Organized  Charities  of  the  City  of 
New  Haven,  and  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
Connecticut  General  Hospital  at  New  Haven.     In 


WAYLAXD 


1223 


WAYLAND 


1874  he  was  president  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to 
the  U.  S.  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  and  in 
1880  vice-president  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the 
U.  S.  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  lie  has  been 
for  several  years  chairman  of  the  Jurisprudence 
Department  of  the  American  Social  Science  Asso- 
ciation, and  in  1880  was  chosen  president  of  the 
Association.  In  1879  he  received  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Wayland,  H.  L.,  D.D.,  son  of  Francis  and 
Lucy  Wayland,  was  born  at  Providence,  R.  I., 
April  23.  1830:  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1849;  studied  at  Newton  Theological  Institution, 
1849-50 ;  taught  the  academy  at  Townshend,  Vt., 
18.50-51 ;  resident  graduate  at  Brown  University, 
1851-52;  tutor  at  University  of  Rochester.  18-52- 
54;  pastor  of  Third  (now  Main  Street)  church  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  1854-61  :  chaplain  of  7th  Conn. 
Volunteers,  1801-64:  hnme  missionary  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  1864—05;  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
Logic  in  Kalamazoo  College,  Mich.,  186.5-70;  presi- 
dent of  Franklin  College,  Ind.,  1870-72  :  editor  of 
the  Xalioiial  Baptist,  Philadelphia,  since  1872.  He 
has  published  articles  in  the  Xeic  Enylander  and 
the  Baptist  Qiiarterli/ ;  he  has  also  written  very 
largely  for  the  newspaper  press,  both  at  the  East 
and  at  the  West.  He  was  editorially  connected 
with  the  Michigan  Christian  Herald,  the  Standan! 
Chicago,  and  the  Michiijan  Teacher.  He  has  pul 
lished  several  sermons,  beside  addresses  on  educa- 
tion and  kindred  topics.  He  was,  with  his  brother, 
joint  author  of  '"  The  Life  and  Labors  of  Francis 
Wayland."  Dr.  Wayland  possesses  great  ability, 
ardent  piety,  and  unusual  conscientiousness.  In 
his  hands  the  Katianal  Baptist  has  become  a  de- 
cided success.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  warm 
regards  of  all  Pennsylvania  Baptists  and  of  a  mul- 
titude besides. 

Wayland  Seminary,  Washington,  D.  C. — 
The  histcpry  of  this  institution  dates  back  to  1864. 
Good  and  wise  men  saw  the  necessity  of  providing 
an  educated  leadership  for  a  race  just  then  emanci- 
pated. The  leaven  of  a  Christian  education  seemed 
to  promise  the  chief  safety  from  evils  that  threat- 
ened the  interests  of  more  than  4,000,000  of  souls. 
How  should  the  work  commence?  How  could  the 
material  so  long  neglected  be  made  useful  ?  The 
most  perple.\ing  questions  had  to  be  solved;  but 
faith,  with  its  farsightedness,  was  competent  to 
devise  a  plan  for  the  introduction  of  Wayland 
Seminary. 

AVayland  Seminary  comprises  three  departments. 
— a  normal,  an  academic,  and  :i  theological.  The 
Bible  holds,  of  course,  the  first  place  in  the  school : 
but  the  students  must  be  able  to  teach  in  the  com- 
mon, schools,  and  must  give  attention  to  other 
branches  of  study  along  with  Bible  studies. 

The  school  was  planted  and  has  been  carefully 


watched  over  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  At  first  there  was  no  building  in 
which  pupils  could  be  gathered.  To  secure  land 
and  a  building  was  a  task  that  hung  heavily  on 


WAVI.AM)    SEMINARV. 

weary  hands,  and  severely  taxed  a  faith  not  over- 
strong.  But  in  God's  plans  the  means  are  always 
equal  to  the  demands,  and  so  land  was  secured  for 
the  substantial  and  handsome  building  that  now 
st.ands  on  Meridian  Hill.  The  property  is  valued 
at  more  than  S50,000.  The  building  has  accommo- 
dations for  ICMJ  students ;  but  a  history  of  all  the 
struggles  to  complete  the  building  can  never  be 
written.  Donations  were  always  given  in  small 
amounts,  and  the  contributions  of  very  many  hands 
were  necessary  to  complete  the  work.  Few  gifts 
exceeded  §1000,  and  many  of  them  were  in  them- 
selves almost  trifling,  yet  in  the  aggregate  they 
secured  success. 

The  aim  of  the  school  is  to  furnish  an  education 
at  the  sm.illest  possible  expense.  To  make  this 
effectual,  the  students  have  the  entire  care  of  the 
seminary  grounds  and  the  building.  Each  student 
has  his  share  of  the  responsibility  of  keeping  the 
place  a  model  of  order  and  neatness.  Thus  stu- 
dents are  aided  in  overcoming  old  objectionable 
habits,  and  furming  those  that  will  make  their  own 
homes  models  for  their  race.  The  seminary  has 
not  made  the  mistake  of  taking  pupils  with  but 
little  preparation  through  the  higher  studies  of  a 


WEAVER 


1224 


WEBB 


college  curriciiluin,  and  therefore  it  has  wasted  hut 
little  labor  upon  poor  materials.  Nearly  100  stu- 
dents have  been  connected  with  the  school  annu- 
ally. Of  this  number  more  than  one-third  have 
entered  the  seminary  to  prepare  for  the  ministry. 
The  expenses  of  the  school  have  been  about  S7000 
annually,  which  sum  is  secured  by  contributions, 
since  only  a  small  endowment  fund  has  been  col- 
lected. The  work  of  the  school  appears  in  the  ad- 
vance made  by  churches  where  its  influence  has 
extended.  In  Maryland  and  Virginia,  as  well  as 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  large  proportion 
of  the  colorcnl  churches  of  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion that  have  made  gratifying  progress  during  the 
past  twelve  years  have  been  under  the  care  of 
graduates  of  this  seminary.  Mission  churches 
have  become  self-sustaining,  new  churches  have 
been  planted,  and  a  spirit  of  enterprise  has  shown 
itself  in  all  the  church  work  connected  with  these 
congregations.  The  marked  success  attending  the 
labors  of  the  graduates  of  the  school  has  solved  a 
number  of  the  difficult  problems  that  presented 
themselves  at  the  beginning  of  the  work.  Many 
of  the  graduates  have  engaged  in  teaching,  and  are 
Oiling  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  Already  stu- 
dents are  coming  to  the  school  who  have  been  fitted 
to  enter  its  classes  by  those  who  have  been  educated 
there.  The  seminary  constantly  aims  to  supply 
such  wants  as  appear  necessary  to  the  elevation  of 
the  colored  race.  Each  year  makes  larger  demands 
and  brings  additional  proofs  that  the  school  is  of 
God.  Froiu  month  to  month  contributions  come  to 
the  school  from  those  who  love  Christ  and  hu- 
manity, and  the  accomplished  principal  of  the 
seminary,  the  Rev.  G.  M.  P.  King,  with  liis  devoted 
wife,  labor  on  with  the  full  assurance  of  faith. 
I'rof.  King  is  worthy  of  the  warmest  commenda- 
tions of  the  friends  of  the  freedmen,  for  to  his 
persevering  and  energetic  labors  is  mainly  due  the 
high  degree  of  success  which  has  marked  the 
progress  of  the  Wayland  Seminary. 

Weaver,  Rev.  Charles  S.,  son  of  Silas  G.  and 
Dinah  (Stone)  AVeaver,  was  born  in  Coventry, 
R.  I.,  April  10,  1803  ;  studied  in  common  schools  ; 
became  a  teacher ;  converted  in  1S22;  tiaptized  in 
1823;  began  preaching  in  1828;  licensed  by  Cov- 
entry and  Warwick  church  ;  ordained  at  Arkwright 
village  in  1829 ;  settled  with  Baptist  church  in 
I'lainfield,  Conn. ;  in  18.3(5,  with  church  in  Volun- 
town,  and  remained  sixteen  years  ;  in  1852,  with 
First  Baptist  cliurch  in  Suffield  ;  in  1855,  with  First 
Baptist  church  in  Norwich  ;  in  1860,  with  church 
in  Noank,  Groton  ;  in  1870,  returned  to  Volun- 
town ;  in  1875,  with  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Richmond,  R.  I.,  where  he  is  now  laboring;  has 
ever  been  an  evangelist ;  baptized  more  than  1000 
persons;  was  judge  of  probate  and  a  luember  of 
the  Connecticut   Legislature ;    once  president  of 


('(jiinecticut  Baptist  Convention  ;  been  moderator 
of  Associations :  coraraissionc^r  of  schools  among 
the  Narragansett  Indians  ;  a  man  of  energy,  piety, 
tact,  and  power. 

Weaver,  Rev.  Joseph  Myrtle,  D.D.,  was  born 
in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  Dec.  18,  1832.  In  early  man- 
hood he  professed  conversion  and  united  with  the 
.Methodists  by  immersion,  but  in  less  than  a  year 
afterwards  he  became  dissatisfied  with  their  doc- 
trine and  polity  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Bloomfield,  Ky.,  "on  his  Methodist  baptism." 
By  this  church  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  June  12, 
1852,  and  next  year  entered  Georgetown  College, 
where  he  finislied  liis  education.  On  leaving 
college  he  was  ordained,  and  took  charge  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Seymour,  Ind.  After  a  short 
pastorate  here  he  was  called  to  the  church  at  Tay- 
lorsville,  Ky.,  where  he  ministered  with  much 
popularity  about  eight  years.  In  January,  1865, 
he  was  called  to  the  Chestnut  Street  church  in 
Louisville,  where  he  still  remains.  He  has  during 
this  pastorate  been  one  of  the  popular  and  suc- 
cessful pastors  of  the  city.  He  has  written  exten- 
sively for  ,the  periodical  press,  and  is  a  clear, 
forcible,  and  logical  writer.  In  the  winter  and 
spring  of  1879  he  had  an  extended  discussion 
in  the  Wesleni  Jlecorder  with  the  editor  of  that 
journal,  on  the  subject  of  the  validity  of  alien 
immersions.  His  articles  were  elegant  specimens 
of  composition  and  logic.  But  he  failed  to  satisfy 
his  own  judgment  and  conscience,  and  he  submit- 
ted to  baptism  by  a  qualified  administrator,  and  on 
the  5th  of  July,  1879,  was  immersed  by  Dr.  Boyce, 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 
Dr.  Weaver  was  for  a  time  co-editor  of  the  Western 
Recorder.  He  wrote  and  published  "  The  Myrtle 
Series"  of  Sunday-school  books,  in  five  volumes, 
with  a  question-book  added.  As  a  preacher  and  a 
pastor  he  has  few  superiors  in  the  country. 

Webb,  Greenleaf  S.,  D.D.,  son  of  Moses  Webb, 
who  with  his  six  brothers  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  was  born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May 
2,  1789.  Most  of  his  youth  was  spent  in  Stam- 
ford, Conn.,  his  parents  having  joined  the  Baptist 
church  there.  When  a  youi\g  man  he  came  to 
New  York  City,  and  in  his  own  words,  "  I  first 
began  to  hear  the  Word  with  interest  in  180G,  but 
not  till  November,  1807,  did  I  see  the  way  clear  to 
unite  with  God's  people."  He  was  then  baptized 
by  Rev.  William  Parkinson,  whose  ministry  he  had 
attended,  and  united  with  the  First  ehurch.  He 
superintended  a  company  in  erecting  breastworks 
on  Fort  Greene  in  1812.  His  mind  was  drawn  to 
the  ministry  while  attending  to  his  secular  duties; 
receiving  encouragement  from  spiritual  advisers,  he 
studied  with  Dr.  Staughton,  at  Philadelphia,  and 
Dr.  Stanford,  in  New  York.  In  June,  1816,  he 
was  ordained,  and  became  co-pastor  with  Mr.  Fer- 


WEBB 


1225 


WEEKS 


ris,  at  Stamford,  and  soon  became  sole  pastor.     lie 
visited  and  preached  before  the  Association  at  Pis- 
cataway  about  1820.     The  church  at  New  Bruns- 
ivick  called   him,  and   he  settled   there   in  April. 
1S21.     His  preachin;;  talent  and  executive  ability 
soon  bore  fruit,  and  when  he   resigned   the   pas- 
torate, at  the  end  of  more  than  twenty-two  years, 
the  flock  that  he  found  small  and  weak  had  become 
large  and  influential.     lie  went  at  the  call  of  Gcid 
to  the  Third  oliurch  in  Philadelphia.     During  his 
pastorate  in   New  Brunswick  be  hud  been  surren- 
dered by  the  church  for  eight  months  to  plead  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions,  and  while  in  Philadel- 
phia he  was  again  pressed  into  that  work  for  three 
years.     Returning  at  last  to  his  New  Brunswick 
home,  he  has  been  very  useful  in  the  church  there, 
and  in  supplying  many  important  churches  during 
vacancies  in  the  pastorate.     Tall,  straight,  healthy, 
of  "sound   mind  and  memory,"  he  still  preaches, 
counsels,  and,  with  the  weight  of  ninety-two  years 
upon  him,  is  venerated,  loved,  and  trusted  by  his 
lirethren.     He  is  the  only  survivor  of  those  who 
formed  the  State  Convention.     No  man  has  been 
more  prominent  in  guiding  influence  in  all  mis- 
sionary directions.     For  many  years  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  board  of  the  Missionary  Union. 
The   university   at   Lewisburg  gave   him   D.D.   in 
1856.     He  was  a  curator  of  that  institution  from 
1846  to  1854.     He  remembers  the  birth  of  foreign 
missions  in  this  country,  and  has  a  soul  full  of  the 
commission  which  the  Master  gave  to  his  disciples. 
Webb,  Jonathan  N.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Brown- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  14,  1811  ;  baptized  in  February, 
1825.     Dr.  Webb  studied  for  some  time  at  Madison 
University,  but  was  obliged  to  leave  before  grad- 
uating on  account  of  failing  health.     He  was  or- 
dained as  pastor  of  the  Smithville  and  Munnsville 
Baptist  churches  at  Smithville,  N.  Y.,  May,  1835. 
Here  he  remained  five  years.     He  afterwards  was 
pastor  of  the  following  churches  in  the  State  of 
New  York:    the  church   at  Carthage,   six   years; 
(Jouverneur,  two  years  ;    Ogdensburg,  four  years  ; 
Fort    Covington,     twelve    years;     Mailrid,    throe 
years.    He  was  three  yeai's  with  the  Baptist  church 
in  Titusville,  Pa.     In   1870  a  pressing  call  came 
from  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  super- 
intend the  work   of  that  society  in  Nebraska  and 
Dakota.     For  nine  years    he    filled   with    marked 
fidelity  and   energy  the   position   of  district  secre- 
tary, closing  his  labors  with  the  society  Feb.  1,  1879. 
These  were  years  of  wonderful  toil,  in  cold  and 
heat,  amid  difiiculties  that  would  have  discouraged 
weaker  hearts.     His   memory  and   name   will   be 
long  remembered  in  the  Baptist  churches  of  Ne- 
braska.    Since  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  he  has  been  labor- 
ing at  his  own   charges   for   the  interests  of  five 
churches  in  the  State. 
78 


Webb,  W.  S.,  D.D.,  president  of  Mississippi 
College,  Clinton,  Miss.,  was  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York  in  1825 ;  prepared  for  college  in  Kings- 
ville,  0.,  Academy,  presided  over  by  Z.  C.  Graves, 
LL.D. ;  graduated  at  Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  in 
1849.  After  graduating  he  went  to  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, and  engaged  in  teaching  and  preaching  near 
Smyrna,  and  as  pastor  at  Enon,  Rutherford  Co. ; 
six  years  president  of  Yalobusha  Baptist  Female 
Institute,  at  Grenada,  Miss. ;  pastor  six  years  at 
West  Point,  Miss.,  and  fourteen  year.s  at  Craw- 
fordsville  ;  in  1871  he  became  Professor  of  Theology 
in  Mississippi  College  and  pastor  of  the  Clinton 
church  ;  in  1873,  upon  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Hill- 
man,  he  was  elected  president  of  Mississippi  Col- 
lege, and  under  his  administration  the  institution 
has  greatly  prospered. 

Webber,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
Aug.  15,  1747.  In  the  early  part  of  1770  he  put 
his  trust  in  Jesus  for  a  full  salvation,  and  he  found 
it.  He  was  baptized  in  June,  and  soon  after  or- 
dained. He  itinerated  for  several  years  after  his 
ordination.  In  1774  he  became  pastor  of  the  Dover 
(Virginia)  church,  a  relation  which  death  only  sun- 
dered. His  labors  were  greatly  favored  of  God,  and 
churches  in  various  places  sprang  up  as  harvests 
from  the  seed  which  he  planted.  He  possessed  ex- 
tensive influence  in  the  denomination,  and  com- 
monly presided  at  the  meetings  of  the  General  As- 
sociation of  Virginia  and  of  the  General  Convention 
of  Virginia  Baptists. 

He  was  sevei-al  times  in  jail  for  preaching,  and 
had  much  to  endure  from  the  "sons  of  Belial  at 
diSerent  places ;"'  but  sustained  by  the  love  of 
Christ,  nothing  troubled  him. 

Mr.  Weliber  had  no  one  talent  of  superlative 
greatness,  but  he  possessed  such  a  combination  of 
wisdom,  love,  Bible  knowledge,  grace,  and  perse- 
vering toil  in  the  Master's  service  that  he  was  a 
glorious  husbandman  for  God.  He  was  loved  by 
true  Christians,  hated  by  the  enemies  of  Jesus,  and 
regarded  by  his  own  and  subsequent  generations 
as  a  father  in  the  Baptist  Israel  of  Virginia.  He 
died  Feb.  29.  1808.  filled  with  rapturous  joy. 

Weeks,  Hon.  F.  M.,  was  born  in  Florida,  a  few 
miles  south  of  Lake  City,  and  died  in  1879,  in  the 
meridian  of  life,  in  Alachua  County,  not  very  far 
from  his  birtbpl.ace.  He  was  converted  and  bap- 
tized at  Providence  church,  and  at  once  became  an 
active  and  useful  member.  He  was  universally 
respected  and  trusted. 

He  had  acquired  considerable  reputation  ;  served 
acceptably  his  county  (Columbia)  in  the  Legisla- 
ture ;  was  moderator  of  the  Santa  F6  River  Asso- 
ciation at  his  death,  and  had  been  licensed  to 
preach. 

Mr.  Weeks  was  a  successful  Sunday-school  worker, 
and  was  much  loved  by  the  children.   He  frequently 


WEEKS 


1226 


WELCH 


expressed  the  wisli  that  he  might  Ijecorae  so  situ- 
ated in  life  that  he  could  devote  himself  to  Sunday 
mission  work. 

Weeks,  Rev.  Silas. — This  venerable  and  useful 
minister  died  at  liis  home  in  Bradford  Co.,  Fla., 
•Jan.  20,  18.S0,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight.  For  thirty 
years  he  was  an  acceptable,  devoted,  and  successful 
minister  of  the  gospel  in  his  denomination,  lie  la- 
liored  in  the  counties  of  Putnam,  Nassau,  Colum- 
bia, Alachua,  and  Bradford,  and  well  has  it  been 
said  of  him,  "  Numerous,  indeed,  would  be  his 
spiritual  family  if  all  born  of  God  under  his  min- 
istry could  be  counted  up."  Ilis  life  was  without 
reproach,  and  his  heart  was  in  earnest.  He  was 
one  of  the  few  of  whom  it  can  be  truly  said,  "  I 
never  heard  anything  against  him." 

Mr.  Weeks  was  several  years  moderator  of  the 
New  River  Association,  of  which  body  he  may  be 
called  the  father. 

Welch,  Bartholomew  T.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Sept.  24,  1704.     His  paternal  grand- 


BARTIIOLOMEW    T.    WELCH,   D.D. 

father  was  a  lieutenant  on  board  the  U.  S.  frigate 
'■Alliance,"  of  Revolutionary  fame,  and  his  father 
was  a  midshipman  in  the  same  vessel.  Ilis  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Capt.  B.  Trow,  a  leader  in  the 
'•  Tea  Party"  in  Boston  Harbor,  and  a  brave  sol- 
dier at  Bunker  Hill.  He  served  as  an  ofiBcer 
throughout  the  Revolutionary  war. 

From  nine  to  twelve  Bartholomew  had  many 
convictions  of  guilt,  and  he  frequently  cried  for 
mercy,  but  he  did  not  yield  to  the  Saviour  until  he 
reached  his  twenty-first  year.     Under  the  ministry 


of  Dr.  Staughton,  of  Pliiladelphia,  where  he  was 
then  living,  he  was  led  to  Christ.  He  united  with 
the  Sansom  Street  church  in  September,  1815.  He 
soon  felt  that  he  must  preach  Jesus,  and.  after  some 
missionary  service,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Cats- 
kill,  N.  Y.,  Baptist  church,  in  September,  1825. 
In  1827  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  of  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Here  his  labors  were  so  successful  that  in  18.34 
a  new  interest,  known  as  the  Pearl  Street  church, 
was  established  in  a  capacious  edifice,  which  was 
speedily  filled  to  overflowing  liy  all  classes  of  so- 
ciety. "  The  farmer,  the  mechanic,  merchant, 
scholar,  and  the  statesman  were  delighted  with  his 
instructive  and  thrilling  discourses."  When  he 
entered  upon  his  labors  at  Albany  there  was  but 
one  Baptist  church,  and  when  he  left  it  there  were 
four. 

In  December,  1848,  to  the  regret  of  his  church 
and  the  whole  people  of  Albany,  he  accepted  the 
call  of  the  Piorpont  Street  Baptist  church,  Brook- 
lyn, and  entered  upon  pastoral  duties  among  them. 
The  severity  of  the  climate  and  the  feebleness  of 
his  health  compelled  the  change.  In  Brooklyn  his 
gospel  and  his  eloquence  produced  the  same  results 
as  in  Albany.  He  was  an  eminent  servant  of  the 
living  God,  whom  his  Redeemer  greatly  honored. 

Welch,  Rev.  James  Eley,  was  bom  Feb.  28, 

1789,  in  Fayette  Co.,  Ky.  During  the  summer  of 
1810  he  was  converted,  made  a  public  profession  of 
religion,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  -Jeremiah  Var- 
deman  in  October  following  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  church  at  Davis'  Fork.  After  many  struggles 
on  the  subject,  he  became  convinced  that  God  had 
called  him  to  the  great  work  of  preaching  the  gos- 
pel, and  in  1815  he  was  set  apart  to  the  ministry. 
Thenextyearhespentwith  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Staughton 
at  Philadelphia,  studying  theology,  and  also  acting 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  where 
he  was  eminently  successful.  Feeling  impressed 
with  the  duty  of  mission  work,  he  tendered  his 
services  to  the  Board  of  Missions  at  Philadelphia 
in  May,  1817,  and  was  accepted  as  a  missionary  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  On  Sunday,  May  18,  he  was  set 
apart  to  the  work.  Dr.  Fnrman,  Dr.  Baldwin,  Dr. 
Mercer,  and  Dr.  Staughton  participating  in  the 
exercises.  lie  reached  his  destination  after  more 
than  two  months  of  travel.  The  mission  work  in 
St.  Louis  was  very  difficult.  That  city  was  then  a 
small  village,  the  Catholic  influence  strong,  and  the 
people  more  inclined  to  wickedness  than  religion. 
His  diary  of  this  time  denotes  very  great  dis- 
couragements, as  well  as  a  daily  consecration  of 
life  and  work,  to  the  Master.  The  first  Baptist 
church  in  St.  Louis  was  constituted  by  Mr.  Welch 
and  Dr.  J.  M.  Peck,  Feb.  8,  1818.  Their  first  house 
of  worship  was  opened  for  service  in  July,  1819. 
After  three  years  of  laborious  struggles  .and  varied 


WELCH 


1227 


WELLBORN 


successes,  the  board  discontinued  tlie  mission,  and 
Mr.  AVelch  returned  to  Burlington,  N.  J.  Fur 
more  than  twenty  years  he  was  agent  for  the 
American  Sunday-Scliool  Union,  traveling  in  this 
capacity  over  all  the  States  and  Territories,  forming 
Sahliath-schools  and  otherwise  actively  advancing 
til  is  work.  lie  removed  from  Burlington  in  Sep- 
tember, 1848,  to  Warren  Co.,  Mo.  In  this  vicinity 
Jie  labored  constantly  for  the  Master's  cause, 
ipreaching  and  building  churches  until  the  year 
1875,  when  he  removed  to  Warrensliurg,  Mo.  In 
itlie  centennial  year  he  revisited  his  old  home  in 
Burlington,  N.  J.,  and  on  the  ISth  of  July  of  that 
joar,  while  with  an  excursion  party  of  Baptist 
brethren  at  the  sea-shore,  he  was  seized  with  apo- 
plexy, and  ended  a  long  and  useful  life.  lie  was 
a  noble  man,  ever  through  life  discharging  faith- 
fully the  duties  of  a  Christian  gentleman  and  min- 
ister, thereby  securing"  the  affection  and  esteem  of 
those  with  whom  he  was  associated. 

Welch,  Rev.  Oliver,  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
A'ii..  April  27,  1791  ;  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Mallury  the  18th  of  September,  1810;  both  of 
them  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Crooked 
Kun  in  LSI."),  and  were  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Daniel 
James.  Not  having  a  single  Christian  relative, 
this  youthful  couple  in  starting  out  in  the  Christian 
life  had  many  trials  to  overcome.  Mr.  AV^elch  began 
to  preach  in  182:5,  and  in  Virginia  was  pastor  of 
Good  Hope,  Gourd  Vine,  and  Cedar  Hun  chiirehcs. 
He  removed  to  Alabama  in  18.34,  united  with  the 
Talladega  Creek  church  (now  Alpine),  which  he 
«erved  as  pastor  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
the  house  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Reynolds,  the  23d 
■of  April,  1874,  making  a  pastorate  of  forty  years; 
he  also  served  several  other  churches  as  pastor  in 
1'alladega  Co.  A  large  family  connection  came 
from  Virginia  to  Alabama  with  Mr.  Welch,  and 
settled  around  him,  and  under  his  ministry  were 
brought  into  his  church.  They  and  he,  being 
people  of  wealth  and  tine  social  position,  comprised 
one  of  the  most  attractive  communities  and  one  of 
the  most  influential  churches  in  the  State.  He 
lived  an  unblemished  life,  and  left  to  his  posterity 
and  to  his  church  a  precious  memory.  He  had  a 
most  amiable,  gentle  spirit,  and  a  dignified  bearing, 
lie  was  an  instructive  preacher,  and  among  his 
large  circle  of  friends — laymen  and  ministers — he 
■was  a  safe  and  wise  counselor. 

Wellborn,  Judge  Marshall  J.,  long  known  in 
Oeorgia  as  "Judge  Wellborn,"  and  in  the  latter 
years  of  his  life  a  distinguished  Baptist  minister, 
■was  born  in  Putnam  Co.,  Ga.,  May29,  1808,  and 
<lied  at  Columbus.  Ga..  Oct.  10.  1874.  He  was  the 
son  of  Thomas  Wellborn,  of  South  Carolina.  His 
mother  was  a  Virginia  lady,  and  both  parents  were 
of  English  extraction.  M.  J.  Wellborn  was  en- 
■dowed  by  nature  with  rare  qualities  of  head  and 


heart ;  courage,  energy,  benevolence,  and  generosity 
were  always  prominent  traits  in  his  character. 
His  mind  was  distinguished  for  quickness  of  per- 
ception and  perseverance  in  investigation  ;  and 
it  was  the  iriiih  above  all  things  that  he  sought 
to  learn.  This  intuitive  tendency  developed  that 
anxious,  humble,  prayerful,  and  unceasing  study 
of  God's  Word,  and  caused  that  prompt  surrender 
of  preconceived  opinions  to  the  dictates  of' reason 
and  revelation,  for  which  he  was  remarkable. 

He  passed  through  the  Junior  class  of  the  State 
University,  at  Athens,  studied  law,  and  was,  by  a 
special  act  of  the  Legislature,  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law  at  nineteen.  Early  in  1828  he  re- 
moved to  Hamilton,  in  Harris  County,  and  there 
the  foundation  of  his  furtune  and  success  in  after- 
life was  laid.  He  was  a  powerful  debater  and 
a  thrilling  orator,  and  many  of  his  extempore 
speeches,  delivered  at  the  bar,  thirty-five  or  forty 
years  ago,  are  still  remembered  as  masterpieces  of 
forensic  eloquence. 

After  a  few  years  he  removed  to  the  city  of 
Columbus,  where  he  rose  rapidly  to  prominence 
in  his  profession,  and,  without  a  stain  upon  his 
character,  accumulated  an  ample  fortune.  At 
twenty-one  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  in  1842,  at  thirty-four,  he  became  judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  Chattahoochee  circuit. 

As  a  judicial  officer,  his  career  was  eminently 
distinguished  for  professional  learning,  faithful- 
ness, and  uprightness.  Subsequently,  after  a  pro- 
longed European  tour,  with  characteristic  ability 
and  purity,  he  filled  one  term  in  the  lower  house 
of  Congress.  Declining  a  re-election,  he  returned 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which  he  followed 
with  leading  success. 

During  the  celebrated  revival  of  18.58,  iu  Colum- 
bus, he  professed  regeneration,  joined  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  J.  II.  De  Votie. 
His  conversion  was  almost  Paul-like  in  its  wonder- 
ful transformation  ;  his  conviction  of  sin  was  pecu- 
liarly pungent,  and  his  evidences  of  regeneration 
and  pardon  were  most  remarkable.  Divine  grace 
has  seldom  made  a  more  signal  triumph  than  in  his 
case,  where  the  exceeding  lustre  of  holy  thought, 
feeling,  speech,  and  conduct  profoundly  eclipsed 
the  brightest  light  of  human  morality.  From  the 
moment  that  he  accepted  Josus  he  became  an  en- 
thusiastic advocate  of  the  Saviour's  cause. 

After  a  long  struggle  to  know  his  duty,  he  ac- 
cepted a  license  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  June  29, 
1864,  he  was  ordained  at  Columbus.  He  accepted 
the  charge  of  the  Hamilton- Baptist  church  and  of 
the  Bethesda  church,  in  Harris  County,  preaching 
twice  a  month  at  each  place  until  his  death,  and 
declining  to  receive  any  compensation  from  cither; 
a  great  mistake,  as  results  show.  Ardently  desirous 
of  doing  all  in  his  power  for  Jesus,  and  assured 


WELLING 


1228 


WELLISG 


tliat  liis  period  for  ministerial  service  must  be 
sliort,  he  abounded  in  the  multitude  of  his  labors. 
For  ten  years  he  preached  in  the  )iiilpit,  by  tlie 
fireside,  on  the  liij|;hways — everywhere,  and  to 
everybody,  white  and  l)lack — -with  a  tenderness 
which  nothinf;  could  inspire  but  an  ovcrBowing 
benevolence  and  a  profound  conviction  of  the 
truths  of  the  j;ospel.  lie  not  only  received  no 
compensation  for  his  ministerial  services,  but  with 
open  Inmds  distributed  his  own  private  fortune  to 
the  poor,  to  the  aid  of  the  cluirclies,  to  the  support 
of  otlier  ministers,  and  to  tlie  various  evangelical 
enterprises  of  the  day. 

Ilis  work  was  signally  blessed.  lie  baptized 
an  uncommon  number  of  converts  under  his 
own  ministry.  lie  was  greatly  beloved  by  the 
people  among  whom  lie  moved,  and  in  hundreds 
of  homes  in  Western  and  Southwestern  G(!0rgia. 
and  in  the  adjoining  parts  of  Alabama,  his  name 
will  abide  till  this  generation  is  gone,  a  synonym 
of  all  tliat  is  good  and  noble.  From  youth  he  was 
the  subject  of  constant  and  distressing  ill  health. 
The  activity  of  his  uncommonly  busy  life  was 
astonishing.  There  were  times  when,  sick  almost 
unto  death  and  scarcely  able  to  move  a  limb,  he 
would  be  aroused  by  some  call  for  exertion,  and  he 
would  go  on  the  Master's  business  immediately. 

As  a  preacher,  he  had  superior  ability,  his  ser- 
mons lieing  well  prepared,  and  delivered  earnestly 
and  eloquentl}'.  In  doctrine  he  was  incorrupt. 
As  a  pastor,  he  was  untiringly  devoted,  and  emi- 
nently successful  in  comforting  believers  and  in 
winning  souls  to  Jesus.  He  delighted  to  assist 
young  men,  whether  it  was  to  give  them  a  start  in 
business  or  in  preparing  for  the  ministry.  lie  mani- 
fested great  interest  in  plans  for  the  education  and 
spiritual  advancement  of  our  colored  population, 
contributing  largely  to  build  houses  of  worship  for 
them,  and  constantly  preaching  to  those  of  them 
within  the  bounds  of  his  charges.  AVorn  out  by 
incessant  toil,  he  suddenly  fell  asleep  in  Jesus  on 
Satiirdav,  Oct.  10,  1874.  By  his  death  a  whole 
community  was  stirred  to  its  depths,  and  devout 
men  carried  him  to  his  burial  and  made  great 
lanientiition  over  him. 

Welling-,  James  C,  LL.D.,  was  l)orn  July  1. 
182.5,  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  After  pursuing  his  pre- 
liminary studies  at  tlie  Trenton  Academy,  he  en- 
tered Princeton  College,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1844.  From  1S44  to  1846  he  was  a  private  tutor 
in  the  family  of  Henry  T.  Gavnett,  Esq.,  of  West- 
moreland, Va.  He  afterwards  entered  upon  the 
study  of  the  law  with  the  Hon.  Willoughby  New- 
ton, of  Virginia,  but  at  the  expiration  of  a  year 
he  was  recalled  to  New  Jersey  by  the  illness  of 
his  father.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1848, 
he  became  one  of  the  principals  of  the  New  York 
Collegiate   School,  the  oldest  grammar-school  in 


that  city.  In  1853  he  resigned  this  position  to  ac- 
cept the  associate  editorsliip  of  The  National  Intel- 
lii/eiicer,  Washington,  1>.  C,  for  which  celebrated 
journal  he  had  already,  since  18.i0,  written  the 
"  Notes  on  New  Books,"  which  were  a  character- 
istic feature  of  the  paper.  Dr.  Welling,  as  editor 
of  the  Intelligenrer  during  the  trying  period  of  the 
war,  conducted  it  with  signal  ability.  Being  an 
eminently  national  journal,  circulating  extensively 
both  in  the  North  and  the  South,  as  well  as  being- 
read  liy  not  a  few  in  Europe,  the  views  of  The  Nu- 
tUiiiitl  Iii/<:lli</fniir  on  all  national  subjects,  and  es- 
pecially at  this  period,  when  the  contest  between 
the  U.  S.  government  and  the  Confederate  States 
was  being  so  fiercely  waged,  were  eagerly  looked 
for  and  anxiously  scanned.  Its  opinions  were  gen- 
erously indorsed  by  the  most  patriotic  and  discrimi- 
nating in  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  they  aided 
not  a  little  in  keeping  the  judgments  of  men  clear 
as  to  the  cardiinil  constitutional  features  of  the 
contest.  Before,  during,  and  after  the  crisis  Dr. 
Welling  stood  steadfastly  by  the  Constitution  and 
the  Union,  though  not  always  approving  the  poli- 
cies of  the  Administration.  He  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  editor  of  the  Intel! iffeiirer  Jan.  1,  186.5,  in 
consequence  of  failing  health,  the  result  of  arduous 
labors  in  connection  with  that  joui-nal.  In  iNtiM 
he  was  elected  by  the  judges  of  the  U.  S.  Court  of 
Claims  assistant  clerk  of  that  triliunal,  the  duties 
of  which,  being  at  that  time  very  light,  did  not  in- 
terfere with  his  editorial  labors.  During  1866  he 
spent  six  or  seven  months  in  Europe  in  quest  of 
health,  and  visited  England,  Scotland,  Switzerland, 
France,  and  Italy.  In  1867  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  St.  John's  College,  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  and 
during  his  administration  the  number  of  students 
was  enlarged,  the  course  of  study  made  more  com- 
prehensive and  thorough,  and  the  discipline  im- 
proved. In  1870  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
Belles-Lettres  in  Princeton  College,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  the  following  year  to  accept  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbian  College  (now  the 
Columbian  University),  on  the  resignation  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Samson.  Up  to  the  present  period  in  Dr. 
Welling's  incumbency  the  course  of  study  has  been 
enlarged  and  the  endowment  greatly  increased. 
Mainly  through  his  instrumentality  a  valuable 
tract  of  land  on  the  edge  of  Washington  City  was 
given  by  Mr.  Corcoran  for  the  founding  of  a  scien- 
tific school,  in  addition  to  which  §100,000  were 
subscribed  for  the  general  endowment  of  the  uni- 
versity. Dr.  Welling  has  written  a  great  deal, 
mainly,  however,  in  the  form  of  editorials  and  lit- 
erary addresses,  and  of  contributions  to  various 
journals,  and  to  the  North  American  Reviiw.  He 
is  one  of  the  most  accomplished  writers  in  the  coun- 
try. Being  so  widely  and  favorably  known  among 
journalists,   literary   and  public   men,  he  is   fre- 


WELSn 


1229 


WELSH 


quently  called  upon  to  occupy  positions  of  honor 
and  responsibility.  He  is  a  corresponding  member 
of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  of  the  Con- 
necticut Historical  Society  ;  visitor  of  the  Govern- 
ment Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Washington,  I).  C. ; 
vice-president  of  the  Washington  Philosophical 
Society ;  member  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  American  Colonization  Society ;  trustee  of  the 
Corcoran  Art  Gallery. 

Dr.  Welling  is  one  of  the  most  active  laymen 
in  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was  for  many 
years  the  efficient  superinteiwleiit  of  the  Sunday- 
school  of  the  E  Street  Baptist  church,  Washing- 
ton ;  is  at  present  a  deacon  of  the  North  Baptist 
church,  and  moderator  of  the  Columbia  Baptist 
Association,  comprising  the  churches  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  He  is  one  of  the  most  thorough 
of  Biblical  scholars,  and  his  rich  and  varied  stores 
of  information  make  him  exceedingly  interesting 
in  the  social  meetings  of  his  chiii-ch.  He  received 
the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Princeton  College  in  1847, 
and  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  Colum- 
bian College  in  1868.  Dr.  Welling  niarrii'd,  in  18.50, 
Miss  Genevieve  H.  Garnett,  the  accomplished 
daughter  of  Col.  Henry  I.  Garnett,  of  Virginia, 
who,  however,  survived  her  marriage  less  than  two 
years,  and  since  that  time  he  has  remained  unmar- 
ried. He  is  unwearied  in  planning  and  working 
for  the  prosperity  of  the  university. 

Welsh  Baptists,  The. — In  no  country  have  the 
principles  of  our  faith  as  Baptists  been  more  gen- 
erally understood  and  more  bravely  defended  than 
in  the  little  principality  of  Wales.  It  is  commonly 
believed  tliat  all  through  the  dark  reign  of  popery 
in  the  seclusions  of  her  valleys  and  in  the  fastnesses 
of  her  mountains  there  were  those  who  preserved 
the  ancient  purity  of  doctrine  and  worship.  The 
general  quickening  of  religious  thought,  which  was 
one  of  the  distinguishing  features  of  the  Reforma- 
tion, was,  however,  the  beneficent  agency  in  facili- 
tating their  emergence  into  the  clear  light  of  his- 
toric recognition.  The  earnest  study  of  the  sacred 
oracles  at  this  time  caused  numbers  of  the  most 
learned  and  God-fearing  of  the  sons  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church  to  declare  themselves  converts  to  the 
Baptist  faith.  Such  men  as  Pcnry,  Wroth,  Erbury, 
and  Vavasor  Powell  became  leailers  of  mighty  in- 
fluence. They  suffered  much  for  the  principles 
which  they  professe<l  and  preached.  Vavasor  Pow- 
ell was  a  preacher  of  extraordinary  power.  Fluent 
in  both  Welsh  and  English,  and  withal  enriched 
with  a  cultivated  mind,  he  reached  all  classes  and 
commanded  all  hearts.  He  was  immured  in  about 
thirteen  prisons,  in  one  of  which  he  died  on  the 
27tli  of  September,  1070. 

The  ministry  of  these  distinguished  Reformers 
and  others  of  the  same  type  was  abundantly  fruit- 
ful, in  spite  of  the  most  persistent  opposition  from 


every  form  of  worldly  power.  The  seed  sprinkled 
with  tears  and  blood  could  not  fail  to  grow  and 
flourish.  Churches  sprang  into  existence  indiffer- 
ent parts  of  the  land,  and  [the  waters  of  nuiny  a 
rural  stream  bore  witness  to  the  joyful  obedience 
of  hundreds  who  had  been  brought  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  truth. 

The  first  churches  in  Wales  after  the  Reforma- 
tion were  missionary  centres  of  wide-reaching  ac- 
tivity. In  addition  to  one  or  more  pastors  they 
frequently  had  numerous  assistants.  Although 
separated  by  immense  distances,  and  that  at  a  time 
when  roads  were  frequently  impassatde,  there  was 
scarcely  a  village  or  neighborhood  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  land  where  the  gospel 
of  salvation  was  not  occasionally  preached.  It  is 
said  that  Christmas  Evans  traversed  Wales  forty 
times  from  north  to  south,  preaching  the  gospel,  in 
the  course  of  his  fruitful  ministry.  Every  renowned 
preacher  of  the  past  century  gave  a  large  portion 
of  his  time  to  evangelistic  work.  The  religious 
status  of  the  Welsh  people  is  largely  attributable 
to  this  liberal  diffusion  of  stimulating  and  enlight- 
ening thought.  The  rugged  heroes  of  the  past 
century,  who  with  self-sacrificing  devotion  exposed 
themselves  to  every  form  of  indignity  and  to  all  the 
rigors  of  a  variable  climate  that  they  might  make 
known  the  saving  truths  of  the  gospel,  are  worthy 
of  being  held  in  everlasting  remembrance. 

The  influence  which  the  Welsh  Baptists  have 
exerted  upon  the  religious  thought  and  life  of  this 
country  demands  special  recognition.  They  have 
contributed  more  than  any  other  people  who  have 
siiught  a  home  in  this  Western  world  to  the  spread 
of  our  principles,  and  to  the  integrity  of  our  de- 
nominational life.  Much  of  the  formative  work 
in  Rhode  Island,  New  Jersey,  Virginia,  New  York, 
Delaware,  and  Pennsylvania  was  done  by  them. 
The  first  Baptist  church  in  this  country  was  estab- 
lished in  Providence,  R.  I.,  by  a  Welshman.  The 
first  Baptist  church  in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Mas- 
sachusetts was  Ibuniled  by  a  Welshman.  The  first 
Baptist  church  now  in  Pennsylvania,  the  mother  of 
the  Philadelphia  Association  and  of  many  churches 
in  Pennsylvania  and  Now  Jersey,  kept  its  records 
in  the  Welsh  language  for  nmny  years,  and  its  first 
Bible,  which  is  treasured  by  the  American  Baptist 
Historical  Society,  was  in  Welsh.  The  Welsh 
Tract  church,  which  was  the  first  holding  our  faith 
in  Delaware,  and  for  many  years  a  most  influential 
community,  was  formed  in  Wales,  came  out  to  this 
country  as  a  body,  and,  after  remaining  a  short  time 
at  Lower  Dublin,  settled  permanently  in  Delaware. 
There  is  not  a  State  in  the  Union  where  Welsh- 
men have  not  had  an  honored  part  in  furthering 
Baptist  interests.  In  many  instances  they  have 
given  direction  and  energy  to  our  denominational 
life  when  as  yet  it  could  hardly  be  said  to  have 


WELSH 


1230 


WENGER 


an  organized  pxistence.  In  not  a  few  neiglibor- 
hoods,  in  addition  to  those  already  mentioned, 
where  our  name  is  now  a  power  and  blessing,  they 
were  the  fearless  pioneers.  The  superstructure  of 
our  Baptist  faith  owes  much  of  its  present  strength 
and  grandeur  to  the  solid  foundation-work  in  which 
they  had  so  large  a  share. 

Roger  Williams,  the  fearless  champion  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty,  whose  teaching  and  example 
did  so  much  to  introduce  into  the  Constitution  of 
this  country  its  distinguishing  excellence;  John 
Miles,  who  exerted  such  a  powerful  influence  upon 
Baptist  progress  in  the  early  days  of  our  his- 
tory ;  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  and 
the  venerable  Isaac  Eaton,  first  master  of  Hope- 
well Academy ;  Abel  Morgan  and  Morgan  Ed- 
wards, distinguished  as  writers  and  preachers ; 
David  Thomas,  the  veteran  preacher  of  Virginia 
and  Kentucky  ;  David  Jones,  Horatio  Gates  Jones, 
and  John  Williams,  nf  New  York,  all  men  of  might 
in  their  day,  were  Welshmen  or  the  immediate 
descendants  of  Welshmen. 

There  are  in  Wales  at  the  present  time  nearly 
500  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  aggrega- 
ting between  60,OCH3  and  70,000.  The  practice  of 
restricted  communion  is  universal  save  in  a  few 
English  churches  in  the  large  centres  of  popula- 
tion. 

Welsh,  Rev.  John  C,  was  born  in  Boston, 
April  11,  1792.  He  became  a  hopeful  Christian 
when  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  and  two  or 
three  years  later  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Boston.  Having  de- 
cided to  enter  the  ministry  he  studied  theology  for 
a  time  in  Waterville,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Warren,  R.  I.,  in  June,  1823. 
He  remained  pastor  of  the  Warren  church  for 
eighteen  years.  From  1840  to  1850  he  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Seekonk,  Mass.  Having  resigned 
his  office  here  he  removed  to  Providence,  where  he 
spent  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  was  ready  to  act  as 
a  supply  for  destitute  churches,  and  perform  any 
ministerial  service  by  which  he  could  help  on  the 
cause  of  Christ.  He  died  in  Providence,  Feb.  13, 
"1858. 

Welsh  Tract  Church,  Del.— Sixteen  Baptists 
in  Wales  about  to  emigrate  to  America  formed 
themselves  into  a  Baptist  church  in  1701,  with 
Rev.  Thomas  Griffith,  one  of  their  number,  as 
pastor.  They  came  to  Pennepek,  now  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  where  there  was  a  Welsh  Baptist 
church.  Leaving  in  this  place  some  of  their  num- 
ber, and  receiving  accessions  in  return,  they  re- 
moved, in  1703,  to  Iron  Hill,  in  the  AVelsh  Tract, 
New  Castle  Co.,  Del.  (at  that  time  a  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania). A  small  meeting-house  was  then  erected 
upon  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  present  edifice, 
built  in  1740.      Their  principles  soon   spread   in 


Delaware  and  into  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland, 
and  to  Pedee  River,  S.  C.  "  The  community  at 
Welsh  Tract  in  early  times  held  a  respectable 
stand  among  the  American  Baptists ;  it  was  one 
of  the  five  churches  which  formed  the  Philadel- 
phia Association;  its  ministers  were  among  the 
most  active  in  all  Baptist  operations,  and  the  whole 
community  was  not  behind  any  of  the  members 
of  that  quintuple  alliance."  (Benedict's  Baptist 
History,  p.  026.)  In  1790,  Morgan  Edwards  wrote: 
"  The  Delaware  Baptists  are  Calvinistic  in  doctrine, 
and  differ  little  or  nothing  in  discipline  from  their 
brethren  in  neighboring  States."  (Materials  to- 
wards a  Baptist  History,  Delaware,  p.  224.)  This 
church  was  the  mother  of  the  London  Tract,  Pa., 
and  Duck  Creek,  Del.,  churches,  and  in  some  de- 
gree of  the  Wilmington  (First),  Cowmarsh,  and 
Mispillion  churches,  Del.  ;  also  of  the  Welsh  Neck 
church,  S.  C.  "  The  Welsh  Tract  church  was 
the  principal  if  not  the  sole  means  of  introducing 
singing,  imposition  of  hands,  church  covenants, 
etc.,  among  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  Middle 
States."  (Edwards's  Materials,  p.  232.)  Holding 
to  the  laying  on  of  hands  on  baptized  believers, 
they  refused  to  commune  for  a  while  with  the 
Philadelphia  and  Pennepek  churches,  but  the  dif- 
ficulty was  settled,  in  1706,  on  the  side  of  peace 
and  unity.  Their  pastors  have  been  Thomas  Grif- 
fith, Elisha  Thomas,  Enoch  Morgan,  Owen  Thomas, 
David  Davis,  John  Sutton,  John  Boggs,  Gideon 
Ferrell,  S.  W.  Woolford,  Samuel  Trott,  AV.  K. 
Roberson,  Thomas  Barton,  G.  W.  Staton,  and  Wil- 
liam Grafton.  The  membership  in  1716  was  122; 
in  1817,  192;  and  now  (1880),  64. 

Welton,  Rev.  Daniel  M.,  Ph.D.,  was  born  in 

Aylesford,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1831  ;  graduated  from 
Acadia  College  in  June,  1855  ;  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  Sept.  2. 
1857  ;  thence  became  Professor  in  Acadia  College, 
in  1874;  went,  in  1876,  to  Germany,  and  studied 
Hebrew  and  Greek  exegesis  at  Leipsic  University 
for  two  years.  Dr.  Welton  is  now  Professor  of 
Hebrew  and  Systematic  Theology  in  Acadia  Col- 
lege. 

Wenger,  John,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguishe<l  oriental  scholars  and  translators  of  the 
age,  was  born  in  Switzerland,  Aug.  31,  1811.  Edu- 
cated for  the  ministry  of  the  national  church,  his 
conscientious  convictions  of  the  unscriptural  char- 
acter of  infant  baptism  constrained  him  to  abandon 
the  course  which  his  friends  had  planned  for  him. 
For  some  years  he  eng.aged  in  teaching  in  Greece. 
In  1838  he  visited  England,  and  was  soon  after 
baptized  by  Dr.  Steane,  and  received  into  the 
church  at  Camberwell,  London.  Having  offered 
himself  for  missionary  work  in  India,  he  was  sent 
to  Calcutta  by  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  and 
joined  Dr.  Yates  in  translating  ,the  Scriptures.     A 


WENGER 


1231 


WE  SCOTT 


new  Bengali  version  was  then  the  great  work  in 
liand,  the  translators  aiming  ''  to  produce  an  idio- 
matic version  which  should  he  as  good  Bengali  as 
the  English  version  is  good  English."'  Before  the 
close  of  1845,  a  few  months  after  Dr.  Yates's  death, 
the  entire  Bible  was  printed.  In  1852,  Dr.  Wenger 
issued  from  the  mission  press  a  revised  version, 
which  has  continued  to  be  the  standard  version, 
and  has  the  support  of  missionaries  of  almost  every 
denomination,  and  of  the  Christian  communities 
of  Bengal.  A  third  edition  was  begun  in  1855, 
and  was  finally  completed  in  1861.  In  1862  the 
committee  requested  Dr.  Wenger  to  prepare  an  an- 
notated edition  of  the  Bengali  Scriptures.  While 
this  important  work  was  in  progress  he  issued  sev- 
eral editions  of  the  Xew  Testament,  and  in  1867 
the  fourth  edition  of  the  entire  Bible,  printed  in 
small  type,  and  making  a  handy  octavo  volume, 
left  the  press.  His  next  work  was  a  still  more 
thorough  revision  of  the  text  of  1861.  In  some 
parts,  especially  in  the  Psalms  and  prophets  of  the 
Old  Testament  and  the  epistles  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, it  may  be  said  to  be  a  new  translation.  Be- 
sides these  labors  in  the  Bengali,  the  language  of 
forty  millions  of  people,  Dr.  Wenger  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  the  Sanscrft,  the  ancient  and 
sacred  language  of  India.  Dr.  Carey  and  also  Dr. 
Yates  had  translated  the  Bible  into  Sanscrit,  but 
Dr.  Wenger's  work,  consisting  of  four  volumes,  is 
much  more  valuable.  It  has  received  the  highest 
approbation  of  the  learned  everywhere,  and  is 
much  esteemed  by  those  natives  of  India  to  whom 
Sanscrit  is  familiar.  Besides  these  works,  Dr. 
Wenger  has  edited  a  great  number  of  Bengali 
publications  issued  by  the  Calcutta  Tract  Society. 
The  principles  on  which  he  has  carried  forward 
these  great  works  are  well  stated  in  Dr.  Wenger's 
own  words,  which  apply  in  America  as  well  as  in 
India  ;  "  In  carrying  on  their  Biblical  translations, 
especially  as  regards  the  Xew  Testament,  Baptist 
missionaries  have  for  nearly  forty  years  past  acted 
independently  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society  and  its  local  auxiliaries.  Their  severance 
from  that  great  and  noble  society  originated  with 
an  attempt  to  compel  the  translators  either  to  leave 
the  terms  for  Vjaptism  untranslated,  or  to  translate 
them  in  a  way  which  was  contrary  to  their  consci- 
entious convictions.  It  has  often  been  taken  for 
granted  tliat  our  differences  with  the  Bible  Society 
concern  only  this  one  topic  of  baptism.  But,  if 
I  may  be  allowed  to  give  expression  to  my  own 
sentiments,  I  would  say  that  this  one  point  is  only 
a  sample  of  others,  and  that  in  all  of  them  a  great 
principle  is  at  stake.  The.  principle  is  this, — that 
a  Biblical  translator  should  not  be  compelled  merely 
by  a  majority  of  votes  given  at  a  committee  meet- 
ing to  translate  the  Word  of  (jod  in  a  way  which 
is  not  in  accordance  with  his  conscientious  convic- 


tion. In  endeavoring  to  ascertain  the  grammati- 
cal interpretation  and  the  sense  of  the  sacred  texts, 
opinions  must  be  weighed,  not  counted,  and  they 
must  be  weighed  by  the  man  who  has  to  execute 
the  translation.  The  rules  for  the  guidance  of 
translators  which  have  been  laid  down  by  the  Bible 
Society,  and  which  are  annually  reprinted  in  the 
report  of  the  local  society,  appear  to  me  quite  as 
impertinent  as  was  its  attempt  to  dictate  to  Baptist 
translators  how  they  ought  to  render  the  terms 
descriptive  of  baptism.  In  short,  it  is  the  inde- 
pendence of  translators  which  the  Bible  Society 
wants  to  tamper  with,  and  which,  as  Baptists,  we 
ought  to  consider  ourselves  bound  to  uphold."  Dr. 
Wenger  was  once  blamed  by  certain  persons  for 
issuing  a  translation  of  the  third  chapter  of  John's 
gospel  which  they  said  was  not  correct,  simply 
because  it  did  not  teach  the  doctrine  of  baptismal 
regeneration.  He  replied  with  characteristic  force, 
"  My  translation  was  not  intended  to  teach  any 
doctrine  at  all.  I  wish  to  give  God's  Word  as  I 
find  it,  and  if  it  runs  counter  to  the  errors  of  any 
church  in  Christendom,  so  much  the  worse  for  that 
church  that  bases  itself  on  an  error  which  God's 
Word  does  not  contain."  Whilst  so  much  occupied 
with  his  special  work,  Dr.  AVenger  has  constantly 
engaged  in  the  ministry,  and  has  rendered  great 
services  to  the  cause  of  missions  by  his  wise  coun- 
sels, loving  spirit,  and  ripe  judgment.  In  his  ad- 
v.inced  age,  though  failing  sight  interferes  with 
his  activity,  he  is  still  devoted  to  his  great  work, 
and  has  a  very  efficient  junior  fellow-laborer  in  the 
Rev.  G.  II.  Rouse,  M.A.,  upon  whom  the  chief 
charge  of  the  translation  work  is  now  laid. 

Wepf,  Rev.  Lewis,  the  pastor  of  the  Ebenezer 
German  Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee,  is  a  native 
of  Mulheim,  Canton  of  Thurgovie,  Switzerland, 
where  he  was  born  July  11,  1822.  He  came  to 
America  when  a  young  man :  was  converted  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
in  1848  ;  ordained  March  10,  1853,  in  Buffalo.  He 
came  to  Wisconsin  in  1872,  aiid  labored  one  year 
as  missionary  among  the  Germans  in  Watertown, 
one  year  as  missionary  among  the  Germans  of  May- 
ville,  and  for  the  last  six  years  has  been  the  pastor 
of  the  Ebenezer  German  Baptist  church  of  Milwau- 
kee. He  is  a  man  of  fine  culture,  a  clear  and  vig- 
orous thinker,  and  an  evangelical  preacher  of 
Christ's  gospel.  He  published,  in  1871,  a  work 
in  the  German  language  entitled  "  The  Church 
and  her  Enemies.  "  which  had  a  large  sale. 

Wescott,  Isaac,  D.D.,  wa.s  bom  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  April  10,  1804.  In  early  life  he  manifested 
a  great  fondness  for  books.  When  fifteen  years  of 
age  his  father  removed  to  Manchester,  N.  II.,  where, 
with  his  accustomed  avidity,  he  prosecuted  his 
studies  in  the  common  schools,  the  high  school, 
and  the  academy.     Here  he   was  converted  and 


WEST 


1232 


WESTCOTT 


joined  the  church,  ami  soon  cxliihited  the  same 
devotion  to  church  work  that  marked  liis  life  while 
a  student.  The  yeai-s  1820  and  1S27  he  (jceupied 
in  the  study  of  theology,  under  the  guidance  of 
his  pastor,  Rev.  C.  O.  Kimhall,  and  before  their 
expiration  he  was  called  to  preach  to  a  new  in- 
terest at  Dunbarton.  From  tliis  period  until  quite 
recently  the  ministerial  career  of  Dr.  Wescott  has 
been  that  of  a  faithful,  arduous  pastor,  wliose  life 
has  been  marked  by  evangelistic  fervor.  During 
his  service  at  Dunbarton  a  substantial  house  of 
worship  was  erected.  In  1831  he  became  pastor  at 
Whitney,  Cbnn.,  where  he  was  ordained,  and  where 
in  two  years  he  baptized  100  converts.  In  1833  he 
removed  to  Stillwater,  N.  Y.  At  tliis  place  lie  re- 
mained pastor  eighteen  years,  and  during  this  time 
the  old  meeting-house  was  rebuilt,  and  an  influ- 
ence created  that  not  only  benefited  the  church  at 
Stillwater,  but  extended  throughout  the  Saratoga 
Association.  Dr.  Wescott  has  served  Laight  Street, 
N.  Y.,  1851-5G;  Gloversville,  1S50-59  (at  this 
place  a  large  house  of  worship  was  built)  ;  1859-01, 
at  Newburgh;  1801-67,  at  Bloom ingilale.  New  York 
City;  1807-72,  at  Plymouth.  On  account  of  deaf- 
ness he  has  retired  as  a  pastor,  but  acts  as  a  sup- 
ply when  he  has  an  opportunity.  As  a  preacher. 
Dr.  Wescott  is  strongly  doctrinal.  Profound  earn- 
estness is  probably  the  most  striking  characteristic 
of  his  sermons  and  his  daily  life.  His  sermons 
show  great  ability.  Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  gave 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1833,  and 
Rochester  University,  in  1864,  made  him  a  Doctor 
of  Divinity. 

West,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Hopkinton, 
R.  I.,  Oct.  6,  1700;  was  converted  in  1787;  was 
ordained  in  1799 ;  was  settled  for  ten  years  in  New 
London,  Conn. ;  was  a  good,  deserving,  eflicient 
minister;  closed  his  honorable  labors  and  life  in 
North  Madison,  Conn.,  in  the  seventy-first  year  of 
his  age  and  the  thirty-oighth  of  his  ministry. 

West  Virginia,  Baptists  of. — The  history  of 
the  Baptists  in  West  Virginia  is  closely  related  to 
that  of  the  Baptists  of  Virginia,  and  especially  to 
that  of  the  General  Association  of  Virginia.  A 
large  number  of  the  churches  have  been  organized 
by  the  missionaries  of  that  body.  The  oldest 
church  in  the  State  is  Simpson's  Creek,  in  the 
Union  Association,  formed  in  1774.  The  three 
next  in  order  are  Forks  of  Cheat,  1775 ;  West 
Fork,  1780;  and  the  Greenbrier,  1781.  Rev.  John 
Alderson  was  the  first  Baptist  minister  who  visited 
the  southern  part  of  ihe  State.  Through  his  eflbrts 
the  Greenbrier  church  was  originated,  as  also  the 
Greenbrier  Association  in  1800.  The  Hopewell 
and  Raleigh  Associations  were  formed  from  the 
Greenbrier  in  1871.  The  Union  Association  was 
organized  in  1804,  the  Tcays'  Valley  in  1812,  the 
Parkersburg  in  1818,  the  Broad  Run  in  1835,  and 


about  1870-71  the  Guyandotte  and  Kanawha  A'al- 
ley  were  taken  from  the  Teays'  Valley.  Before 
the  formation  of  the  General  Association  of  West 
Virginia  there  were  two  mission  bodies  in  its 
bounds  auxiliary  to  the  General  Association  of 
Virginia, — the  Western  and  the  Northwestern  As- 
sociations. The  General  Association  was  organ- 
ized Nov.  15,  1865,  by  delegates  from  the  Parkers- 
burg, Judsoti,  Mount  Pisgah,  Union,  Teays'  Val- 
ley, and  Broad  Hun  Associations.  Besides  those 
already  named  there  are  two  other  Associations 
in  the  State, — the  Goshen  and  the  Harmony, — 
making  thirteen  District  Associations.  In  these 
there  were,  in  1880,  381  churches,  25,239  members, 
and  203  ordained  ministers.  The  total  reported 
amount  of  contributions  for  State,  home,  and 
foreign  missions,  Sunday-schools,  and  home  ex- 
penses was,  in  1879,  §24,228.63,  and  while  this  is 
the  sura  reported  much  more  than  this  was  con- 
tributed. The  thirteen  Associations  are  supporting 
fourteen  native  preachers  in  Burmah,  and  .'S943.40 
of  the  amount  given  to  foreign  missions  passed 
through  the  hands  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Union.  The  General  Association  had,  in 
1880,  ten  missionaries  under  appointment  in  the 
State,  some  of  whom  occupy  positions  of  the  first 
importance  in  towns  on  the  railroads.  The  Bap- 
tists of  West  Virginia  now  hold  a  very  favorable 
position  as  compared  with  that  of  the  other  denom- 
inations in  the  State.  Their  Sunday-school  and 
educational  work  is  in  advance  of  all  others.  The 
Shelton  and  Broaddus  Colleges  are  now  established, 
and  with  proper  cfl'urts  a  brighter  day  is  before 
them. 

Besides  the  white  membership  there  is  one  As- 
sociation of  colored  Baptists, — the  Mount  Olivet, — 
organized  in  1874,  and  which  now  consists  of  24 
churches  and  974  meuiliers.  There  are  colored 
Baptist  churches  with  413  members  which  do  not 
belong  to  this  Association,  but  to  similar  bodies  in 
adjacent  States,  the  whole  number  being  1387, 
making  an  aggregate  of  Regular  Baptists  in  the 
State  of  about  26,000.  The  colored  churches  have 
some  very  acceptable  preachers,  several  of  whom 
are  well  educated  and  doing  a  good  work. 

Westcott,  Rev.  Erastus,  was  born  March  27, 
1810,  ill  Millurd.  Oiscgo  Ccj.,  N.  Y.  His  parents 
removed  from  Cheshire,  Mass.,  where  tliey  had 
enjoyed  the  ministrations  of  the  celebrated  Rev. 
John  Leland.  The  early  years  of  young  Westcott 
were  occupied  in  farming.  At  sixteen  he  made  a 
profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
Church.  The  following  year  he  entered  the  aca- 
demic department  of  Madison  University,  where 
he  pursued  his  studies  to  the  close  of  the  Sopho- 
more year.  He  then  pursued  his  studies  privately, 
preaching  when  opportunity  presented  until  April, 
1837,  when  he  engaged  in  pastoral  labor.    For  more 


WESTON 


1233 


WESTON 


than  forty-three  years  he  lias  been  but  one  week 
without  a  pastorate.  He  was  ordained  in  Rich- 
field, Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1838,  and  for  twenty- 
two  years  served  churches  in  Otsefro  and  Delaware 
Counties,  N.  Y.  During  this  period  he  organized 
two  churches,  gathereil  tlie  funds  and  superin- 
tended the  erection  of  two  meeting-houses.  At  the 
same  time  he  zealously  labored  to  promote  the 
welfare  of  neighboring  destitute  churches.  In 
August,  1857,  he  removed  to  Rochester,  Minn., 
and  at  once  organized  a  church  of  seventeen  mem- 
bers. The  same  month  he  attended  the  first  anni- 
versary of  the  Southern  Minnesota  Association. 
In  1858  he  gathered  the  funds  for  the  first  meeting- 
house in  Rochester,  dedicating  it  in  the  month  of 
October.  After  serving  the  Rochester  church  three 
years  he  resigned,  and  located  in  Concord,  Dodge 
Co.,  where  he  still  resides.  In  liis  present  field  lie 
has  organized  four  churches,  and  assi.sted  in  form- 
ing two  others.  lie  has  collected  the  funds  on  the 
fields  where  three  meeting-houses  have  been  erected 
and  paid  for.  His  salary  has  .always  been  inade- 
quate to  his  support,  yet  in  the  erection  of  these 
places  of  worship  he  gave  more  than  SIOOO  from 
his  scanty  means.  lie  also  gave  S500  to  the  Min- 
nesota Academy  at  Owatonna.  He  has  given  lilj- 
erally  for  home  and  foreign  missions  and  other 
objects  of  benevolence.  At  one  time  he  served 
four  churches,  and  had  a  covenant  meeting  every 
Saturday  i-.m.  in  the  year.  From  these  meetings 
he  was  never  absent  unless  prevented  by  a  severe 
storm  or  funeral.  He  gave  attention  in  part  to 
business  for  his  support,  but  never  allowed  worldly 
engagements  to  interfere  with  the  duties  of  the 
ministry.  For  four  years  past  he  has  been  largely 
engaged  in  building  and  endowing  the  Minnesota 
Academy  located  at  Owatonna.  This  work  is  a 
success. 

Weston,  Rev.  Adolphus,  is  the  pioneer  Baptist 
preacher  of  Wasliington  Territory.  He  was  born  in 
SVillington,  Conn.,  .Jan.  29,  1811  ;  converted  and 
baptized  in  1829;  licensed  in  1831;  he  studied  at 
Madison  University  six  years ;  was  ordained  as 
pastor  at  Burlington  Flats,  N.  Y.,  in  1838,  and  in 
1839  was  appointed  missionary  to  the  Mississippi 
Valley ;  preached  in  many  places,  became  pastor  at 
Carthage,  111.,  and  had  a  great  revival.  He  con- 
tinued as  pastor  at  Carthage  twelve  years.  In 
i85'2  he  went  overland  to  Oregon,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  West  Union  church,  and  missionary 
of  the  Willamette  Association  until  1803,  when  he 
removed  to  Washington  Territory.  He  gathered 
the  few  Baptists  who  could  be  found  in  that  wil- 
derness, and  preached  to  them.  His  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  He  organized  the  church  in  Puy-  ] 
alius  Valley  in  1867.  He  was  the  only  Baptist 
minister  in  all  that  region  for  many  years.  Nearly  j 
every  month   he   had  converts  to   liaptizc.      The 


churches  increased  in  number  until  in  1871  the 
Puget  Sound  Association  was  organized  with  five 
churches  and  four  ministers.  His  work  has  Vjeen 
that  of  a  pioneer  missionary  without  appointment 
from  any  society.  The  churches  at  Elma,  Centre- 
villo,  Olynipia,  Seattle,  and  other  places  all  recog- 
nize in  '•  Father  AV'eston"  one  of  the  chief  founders 
of  the  Baptist  cause  in  Washington  Territory. 

Weston,  David,  D.D.,  an  .\merican  clergyman 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was  born  in 
North  Middleborough,  Mass.,  Jan.  24,  1S36,  and 
died  Feb.  22,  1875.  He  graduated  fjoni  Brown 
University  and  at  Newton  Theological  Seminary. 
His  first  pastorate  was  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  but  he 
soon  left  to  take  the  chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
in  the  theological  seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  By 
reason  of  his  scholarship  and  ability  as  a  teacher 
the  University  of  Rochester  bestowed  upon  him, 
though  a  young  man,  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
Few  men  had  accumulated  so  much  material  for 
ecclesiastical  history  so  early  in  life  as  Dr.  W^eston. 
The  early  death  of  this  rising  man  was  lamented 
by  all  who  knew  him.  It  was  a  great  loss  to  the 
whole  Baptist  denomination. 

Weston,  Henry  G.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Lynn, 
Mass.,  Sept.  11,  1820.  His  father  was  at  that  time 
one  of  the  firm  of  True  &  Weston,  publishers  of  the 
Christian  Watchman,  in  Boston.    He  was  baptized 


HEXRV    U.   WESTON.   D.D. 


in  Lynn  in  1834 ;  graduated  from  Brown  Univer- 
sity in  1S40,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  entered 
N'ewton  Theological  Institution  ;  was  ordained  in 
Frankfort.  Ky.,  in  1843,  and  immediately  proceeded 


WESTON 


1234 


WHARTON 


to  Illinois,  where  he  preached  as  a  missionary  at 
his  own  charges  for  three  years,  in  Tazeweil, 
Woodford,  and  McLean  Counties ;  settled  as  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Peoria,  111.,  in  1S46,  and  remained 
thirteen  years ;  removed  to  Oliver  Street  church, 
Xew  York  City,  where  he  remained  until  1868, 
when  he  accepted  a  call  to  his  present  position  as 
president  of  Crozcr  Theological  Seminary.  In 
connection  with  the  labors  incident  to  these  varied 
and  responsible  positions,  he  has  been  prominently 
engaged  in  advancing  the  general  interests  of  the 
denomination.  He  was  editor  of  the  liaptist  Qnar- 
ierlij  from  the  time  of  its  establishment,  and  has 
also  served  as  president  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union.  He  has  published  a  valuable 
treatise  on  the  four  gospels,  and  with  both  pen 
and  voice  has  rendered  other  useful  and  extended 
service.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1846 
from  Shurtlefi'  College,  and  that  of  D.D.  in  1859 
from  the  University  of  Rochester. 

Dr.  Weston  is  a  man  eminently  fitted  to  be  an 
educator  of  those  who  are  preparing  to  instruct 
their  fellow-men.  As  an  expositor  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, he  is  clear,  thorough,  and  spiritual.  His 
uninterrupted  and  zealous  pursuit  of  the  truth, 
his  simplicity  of  speech,  liis  living  faith,  his  invin- 
cible courage,  and  his  unbounded  confidence  in  the 
reliable  and  unfailing  authority  of  God's  Word, 
render  him  peculiarly  competent  to  guide  the 
opinions  and  control  the  commotions  of  inquiring 
and  agitated  truth-seekers.  His  mind  is  richlj- 
stored  with  the  results  of  long  continued  Bible 
study ;  his  heart  is  an  overflowing  fountain  of 
manly  tenderness,  and  all  his  varied  and  cultured 
attainments  are  sanctified  by  the  experiences  of 
successful  pastoral  ministrations.  Knowing  the 
wants  of  those  to  whom  the  gospel  must  be 
preached,  as  well  as  the  necessities  of  those  who 
are  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  possesses  rare  qualifi- 
cations for  the  position  he  now  holds.  The  influ- 
ence of  his  native  genius,  sound  scholarship,  cor- 
rect taste,  and  ripe  Christian  experience  reaches 
far  and  wide  through  the  able  ministry  of  those 
who  have  sat  under  his  instruction.  He  is  one  of 
the  ablest  men  in  his  position  in  or  out  of  this 
country. 

Weston,  Rev.  John  £.,  was  born  in  Amherst, 
X.  H.,  Oct.  13,  1790.  On  his  mother's  side  he  was 
of  Huguenot  descent,  and  had  many  of  those 
qualities  of  character  which  we  associate  with 
those  honored  French  refugees,  who  suffered  so 
much  for  the  sake  of  their  religion.  He  estab- 
lished, in  connection  with  Mr.  Benjamin  True,  in 
1818,  the  Christian  Watchman,  now  TheWatchman, 
of  Boston,  which  has  been  in  existence  sixty-three 
years.  His  connection  with  the  paper  continued 
not  far  from  three  years.  While  thus  engaged  his 
religious  impressions  ripened  into  a  full  hope  in 


Christ,  and  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  James  M. 
Winchell,  Feb.  22,  1820,  and  connected  himself  with 
the  church  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp. 
Having  given  up  his  business  as  a  printer,  he  now 
resolved  to  carry  out  his  early  purpose  to  secure  a 
better  intellectual  training,  with  a  view  to  entering 
the  ministry.  He  repaired  to  the  Andover  Phillips' 
Academy,  and  subsequently  put  himself  under  the 
tuition  of  Rev.  Dr.  Bolles,  of  Salem,  Mass. ;  then 
oecame  a  student  of  Columbian  College,  and  com- 
pleted his  theological  studies  in  part  at  Andover 
and  in  part  as  a  member  of  the  first  graduating 
class  at  Newton,  lie  was  ordained  at  East  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  Oct.  10,  1827,  and  was  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  for  four  years. 
He  resigned  his  charge  May  27,  1831.  An  invita- 
tion had  been  extended  to  him  to  become  the  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  church  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  but 
his  work  was  nearly  done.  On  his  way  to  Nashua 
to  fulfill  an  engagement  he  drove  into  a  pond — it 
being  a  warm  summer's  day — to  refresh  his  horse. 
Unfortunately  it  was  a  dangerous  place,  and  Mr. 
Weston  leaped  from  the  carriage,  and,  being  unable 
to  swim,  was  drowned.  The  sad  event  occurred 
July  2.  1831.  Mr.  Weston  was  father  of  the  Rev. 
II.  G.  Weston,  D.D.,  president  of  the  Crozer 
Theological  Institution. 

Whale,  Theophilus,  was  born  in  England  of 
an  opulent  family  about  lOltj;  received  a  univer- 
sity education  ;  served  as  an  oflicer  in  'N'irginia  ; 
served  through  the  Parliamentary  wars;  com- 
manded guards  at  the  execution  of  Charles  I., 
in  1649;  served  under  the  Protectorate;  on  the 
restoration  of  monarchy,  in  1000,  fled  to  America; 
settled,  and  married  Elizabeth  Mills,  in  Virginia, 
but,  being  a  Baptist,  and  disliking  dominant 
Episcopacy,  removed,  and  settled  in  .South  Kings- 
ton, R.  I.,  about  1680  ;  was  a  writer,  teacher,  and 
farmer;  read  Hebrew, Greek, and  Latin  ;  aided  Bap- 
tist ministers  in  their  education  ;  was  reticent,  and 
hence  suspected  of  being  connected  with  the  regi- 
cide judges ;  a  pure,  studious  man  ;  became  the 
grandfather  of  Judge  .Samuel  Hopkins;  died  about 
1719,  aged  one  hundred  and  three  years;  was 
buried  with  military  honors  on  Hopkins  Hill, 
West  Greenwich,  R.  I. 

Wharton,  Rev.  H.  M.,  was  bom  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  11,  1848.  After  receiving  a  good 
common-school  education  he  attended  Roanoke  Col- 
lege during  the  sessions  of  1863  and  1864.  The 
latter  part  of  1864  he  entered  the  Confederate  ser- 
vice, and  was  with  the  army  at  its  surrender  at 
Appomattox  Court-IIouse,  in  April,  1865.  Soon 
after  the  war,  in  1866,  he  went  to  Mexico  with 
his  brother.  Dr.  J.  S.  Wharton,  and  remained 
about  twelve  months.  He  then  returned  to  his 
father's  home  in  Virginia,  at  Amherst  Court- 
IIouse,  to  which  the  latter  had  removed  during  the 


WHARTON 


1235 


WHARTON 


war.  Here  he  soon  became  interested  in  religious 
matters,  and  united  with  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
November,  1867.  He  was  quite  prominent  in 
that  church,  and  occasionally  acted  as  lay  reader. 
He  chose  the  law  as  his  profession,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  when  only  nineteen.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  until  1873,  and  Judge  Shef- 
fey,  the  distinguished  judge  of  that  circuit,  pro- 
nounced him  the  most  promising  young  lawyer  in 
the  State.  On  a  visit  to  his  brother,  Kev.  M.  B. 
Wharton,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Walnut  Street  Bap- 
tist churcli  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  he  changed  his  re- 
ligious views,  and  was  by  him  baptized  into  the 
fellowship  of  that  church.  After  some  exercise  of 
his  ministerial  gifts,  he  attended  one  session  at  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  then  lo- 
cated at  Greenville,  S.  C.  He  selected  the  schools 
of  Old  and  New  Testament  interpretation,  .system- 
atic theology,  and  homiletics,  and  graduated  in 
them  all.  Soon  after  leaving  the  seminary  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  Luray  and  Front  Royal  Baptist 
churches,  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  where  he  re- 
mained six  years,  was  eminently  successful  in  ad- 
vancing the  cause,  not  only  in  those  towns,  but  in 
all  that  region,  and  was  everywhere  recognized  as 
a  brilliant  and  eloquent  preacher.  He  traveled 
much,  and  did  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  holding 
protracted  meetings  in  the  cities  of  Alexandria 
and  Richmond,  in  several  smaller  places,  and  with 
numerous  country  churches,  in  all  of  which  his 
labors  were  greatly  blessed.  In  December,  18S0, 
a  unanimous  call  was  extended  to  him  to  become 
pastor  of  the  Lee  Street  Baptist  church,  Balti- 
more, Md.,  made  vacant  by  the  removal  of  Dr.  John 
Pollard  to  Richmond,  Va.  He  has  but  recently  en- 
tered upon  his  work  there,  and  has  shown  himself 
to  be  admirably  adapted  for  the  position  he  occu- 
pies in  that  important  field.  The  church  has  400 
members,  in  the  midst  of  a  growing  population, 
and  presents  a  fine  sphere  of  usefulness  to  one 
possessed  of  his  talents.  He  is  an  able  preacher. 
A  distinguished  lawyer  of  Richmond  says  he  never 
heard  more  eloquent  appeals  from  any  public 
speaker  than  those  that  fell  from  his  lips  in  the 
revival  which  he  had  in  that  city.  As  he  is  quite 
young,  studious,  and  progressive,  the  denomination 
may  look  for  a  brilliant  future  for  him. 

Wharton,  Morton  Bryan,  D.D.,  one  of  the 
most  talented  ministers  of  Georgia,  is  a  Virginian 
by  birth.  He  was  born  April  5,  1839,  in  Orange 
County.  He  is  a  man  of  varied  powers,  excelling 
as  a  preacher  and  pastor,  and  surpassing  most  men 
as  an  agent  for  the  collection  of  funds  for  religious 
or  benevolent  purpcses.  A  man  of  wonderful 
energy,  unbounded  resources,  remarkable  business 
capacity,  and  with  a  striking  knowledge  of  men,  he 
has  succeeded  in  whatever  he  has  undertaken. 
At   the   age  of  eighteen   he  was  converted  in 


Alexandria,  Va.,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  of  that  city.  His  talents  and  inclinations 
soon  led  him  towards  the  ministry,  and  in  October, 
1.S58,   he    entered   Richmond   College,    where   he 


MORTOX    BRYAN"    WHARTON,  D.D. 

graduated  in  1861.  His  first  pastorate  was  at 
Bristol,  Tenn.,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He 
then  went  to  Georgia  in  1864,  as  the  agent  of  the 
Virginia  Army  Colportage  Board,  to  collect  funds. 
During  the  latter  part  of  the  war  he  became  the 
successful  agent  of  "  The  Domestic  and  Indian  Mis-- 
sion  Board"  of  the  .Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
After  the  war  he  became  successively  the  pastor 
of  the  Eufaula,  Ala.,  Baptist  church,  where  he  was 
instrumental  in  erecting  a  splendid  and  costly 
house  of  worship;  of  the  Walnut  Street  church  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  was  remarkably  success- 
ful, and  where  he  collected  large  amounts  for 
benevolent  purposes;  and  of  the  Greene  Street 
church,  Augusta,  Ga.,  where,  as  in  Louisville,  he 
was  instrumental  in  making  great  improvements 
in  the  house  of  worship,  and  in  adding  a  large 
number  to  the  membership  of  the  church.  These 
labors  left  him.  in  1876,  so  completely  broken 
down  in  health  that  he  retired  to  his  farm  in 
Southwestern  Georgia,  where  he  remained  in  se- 
clusion, until  prevailed  upon  to  accept  an  agency 
to  collect  Georgia's  quota  for  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary.  In  that  work  he  has  been 
very  successful.  At  present  he  is  the  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  seminary  to  raise  the  §20.000 
per  annum  necessary  for  the  current  expenses  of 
the  institution,  and  he  is  succeeding  admirably. 


WHEAT 


1236 


WHEELOCK 


During  liis  pastorate  at  Augusta  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by  the 
Washington  and  Lee  University,  of  Virginia. 

He  is  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University,  and  of  the 
Baptist  Orphans"  Home  ;  and  he  is  also  a  member 
of  the  bourd  of  trustees  for  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary.  As  a  preacher,  he  is  pos- 
sessed of  much  oratorical  power,  and  he  is  highly 
gifted  intellectually.  His  mental  powers  are  ana- 
lytical, and  he  is  blessed  with  an  extraordinary 
memory.  He  has  proved  himself  equal  to  any  posi- 
tion in  which  he  has  been  placed,  and  lias  never 
failed,  by  his  striking  powers,  to  draw  large  con- 
gregations wherever  he  has  preached,  and  to  in- 
crease greatly  the  membership  of  those  churches 
of  whii'h  111'  has  had  charge. 

Wheat,  Judge  Zachariah,  was  born  in  Bour- 
bon Co.,  Ky.,  July  20,  18lt0.  He  chose  the  law 
for  his  profession,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Columbia,  Ky.,  in  1829.  He  soon  established  an 
excellent  reputation  both  for  ability  and  integritj'. 
In  1S32  he  wasappointed  Commonweal th'sattorney, 
and  held  the  position,  excepting  a  brief  interval, 
until  1848,  when  he  was  appointed  circuit  judge 
by  Gov.  Crittenden.  In  1856  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  at  the  close 
of  his  term  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Co- 
lumbia. In  1801  he  removed  to  Shelbyville,  Ky., 
where  he  practised  until  his  death.  He  was  a  man 
of  gentle  spirit  and  great  generosity.  He  became 
a  Baptist  in  early  life,  and  was  a  devout  Christian. 
Although  never  formally  licensed  to  preach,  he 
frequently  filled  the  pulpit  acceptably  in  the 
absence  of  his  pastor. 

Wheeler,  Rev.  Edwin  S.,  son  of  Edwin  B.  and 
Mary  A.  Wheeler,  was  burn  in  Groton,  Conn.,  Aug. 
4,1830;  studied  at  Hiiiiiilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, N.  Y. ;  pastor  of  Baptist  churches  at  New 
London  and  Williniantic,  Conn.,  Rahway,  N.  J., 
Valley  Falls  and  East  Greenwich,  R.  I. ;  now 
preaching  in  latter  place ;  was  chaplain  of  80th 
U.  S.  Infantry  during  the  civil  war,  at  Port  Hud- 
son, serving  two  years  ;  has  traveled  South  and 
written  in  regard  to  Florida. 

Wheeler,  Prof.  Nelson,  was  bom  in  Royalston, 
Mass.,  in  1814.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col- 
lege in  the  class  of  1836.  After  teaching  for  a 
time  in  Townshend,  \t.,  he  was  called  to  take  charge 
of  the  Worcester  County  High  School  in  1840. 
Here  he  performed  some  of  the  best  work  of  his 
life.  "  Several  devoted  missionaries  now  in  India, 
and  many  persons  well  known  among  us  for  use- 
fulness in  professional  and  other  callings,  have 
often  testified  to  his  formative  influence  on  their 
early  haliits  and  acquirements."  His  excessive 
labors  .as  principal  of  the  Worcester  County  High 
School  undermined  his  health,  and  he  resigned  his 
position  to  take  charge  of  the  City  Classical  and 


English  School,  where  he  remained  until  1852, 
when  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Greek  in  Brown 
University.  A  comparatively  brief  period  was 
spent  in  the  new  position  for  which  he  was  so  well 
fitted.  He  was  compelled  to  give  up  all  his  pro- 
fessional work  and  yield  to  the  attacks  of  the  in- 
sidious disease  which  at  last  removed  him  from  the 
scene  of  his  earthly  labors  to  bis  reward  in  heaven. 
He  died  at  Royalston,  Aug.  25,  1S55. 

Wheeler,  Osgood  C,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  is  the  pio- 
neer Baptist  pastor  of  California.  He  was  born 
at  Butler,  N.  Y.,  March  13,  1810,  converted  at  nine, 
baptized  at  fifteen,  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
till  be  was  twenty ;  taught  school  two  winters ; 
studied  at  Middleburg  Academy ;  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1845  ;  ordained  at  East 
Greenwich,  II.  I.,  in  November;  pastor  there  two 
years,  and  built  a  church  edifice.  In  1847  became 
pastor  at  Jersey  City,  and  united  three  discordant 
bodies  into  the  Union  church.  In  1848  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  after  he  bad 
repeatedly  refused,  gained  his  consent  to  become 
its  missionary  to  California.  After  a  ninety  days' 
voyage,  he  reached  San  Francisco  Feb.  28,  1849, 
organized  a  .Sunday-scliool  and  church  of  six  mem- 
bers, and  built  the  first  Protestant  church  edifice  in 
California  that  year.  In  January,  1852,  he  re- 
moved to  Sacramento,  as  pastor  of  the  first  church 
there.  In  1855  he  was  compelled  by  throat  disease 
to  desist  from  preaching.  But  partial  recovery  has 
enabled  him  to  resume  this  work,  and  for  many 
years  he  has  preached  in  almost  every  part  of  the 
State,  and  as  regular  supply  to  many  of  the 
churches.  He  has  edited  and  published  the  Pa- 
cific Banner,  the  first  Baptist  paper  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  the  daily  Times,  and  several  large 
volumes  on  agriculture.  For  thirty  years  he  has 
written  almost  continuously  for  the  press.  In 
1873,  by  appointment,  he  wrote  and  carried  through 
the  press  a  biographical  work  of  500  pages,  "  The 
First  Steamship  Pioneers."  He  was  chief  clerk  of 
the  California  Legislative  Assembly  in  1864  ;  also 
U.  S.  internal  revenue  collector;  was  secretary 
and  manager  of  the  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission  in 
California,  and  general  agent  of  the  Freedmen's 
Commission.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  a  department  in  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  still  retains  that  position.  In  1878  Cali- 
fornia College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
D.D.,  and  in  July,  the  same  year,  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Southwest 
Baptist  University  of  Jackson,  Tenn.  In  the  midst 
of  his  other  important  business  cares  he  preaches 
nearly  every  Lord's  day,  is  an  honored  counselor 
in  all  Baptist  enterprises,  and  a  steadfast  laborer 
for  the  upbuilding  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  Cal- 
ifornia. 

Wheelock,  Rev.  Edward  Willard,  was  born 


WHIDDEN 


1237 


WHITE 


in  Boston,  July  17,  1700.  lie  Ijecaiiie  a  uieiiiber  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston  when  he  was 
fifteen  years  of  age.  When  eighteen  he  became 
a  pupil  of  Ilev.  Mr.  Chaplin,  of  Danvers,  after- 
wards President  Chaplin,  of  Waterville  Colle^re. 
In  April,  1817,  he  made  application  to  the  Baptist 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  to  be  employed  as  their 
missionary.  In  this  application  he  says,  "  I  would 
rather  be  a  missionary  of  the  Cross  than  a  king  on 
a  throne.  To  Burmah  would  I  go ;  in  Burmaii 
would  I  live;  in  Burmah  would  I  toil;  in  Burmali 
would  I  die  :  and  in  Burmah  would  I  be  buried.'' 
His  request  was  granted,  and  in  com]>any  with 
James  Coleman  he  embarked  in  November,  1817, 
for  Calcutta,  and  reached  Rangoon  in  September, 
1818,  to  join  Mr.  Judson  in  his  missionary  labors. 
lie  was  not  destined  to  see  his  long-cherished  hopes 
gratified.  The  seeds  of  consumption  which  were 
in  him  ripened  into  a  sudden  harvest.  lie  lingered 
for  a  brief  period,  oppressed  with  sadness  that  his 
plans  were  thus  blighted.  On  a  passage  from  Cal- 
cutta to  Rangoon,  which  he  had  taken  with  the 
hope  of  being  benefited  by  a  change  of  air  and 
scene,  he  passed  into  a  state  of  delirium,  during 
which  he  threw  himself  from  his  cabin-window 
into  the  sea  and  was  drowned.  It  was  a  grievous 
loss  to  Dr.  Judson,  who,  in  a  letter,  says  of  him : 
"Brother  Wheelock  has  a  heavenly  spirit;  from 
my  first  acquaintance  with  him  I  had  special  hopes 
of  his  great  usefulness  among  the  natives.  But 
the  Lord  has  seen  fit  to  disappoint  our  hopes.'' 

Whidden,  Hon.  Charles,  was  bom  in  St. 
George,  New  Brunswick,  May  22,  1822.  The 
family  removed  to  Calais,  Me.,  in  1831,  where  he 
lived  until  the  close  of  life.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Waterville  College  in  the  class  of  l,S4.'j.  He  ' 
studied  law,  attending  lectures  at  the  Caml)ridge  , 
Law-School  in  1847,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1848.  He  opened  an  office  in  Calais,  where  he 
continued  to  practise  his  profession  till  his  death,    i 

Mr.  Whidden  occupied  a  conspicuous  place  in  ; 
the  business  and  politics  of  Eastern  Maine.  In  i 
his  own  city  he  was  mayor  for  two  years,  and  in  \ 
his  county,  Washington,  was  district  attorney  for 
twelve  years.  lie  represented  Calais  two  years  in 
the  Maine  Legislature.  For  four  years  he  was 
collector  of  customs  for  Passamaquoddy  district. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  commission  for  defin- 
ing the  baundary-line  between  Maine  and  New 
Brunswick,  under  the  Lord  Ashburton  treaty,  and 
a  member  of  the  State  commission  for  the  equaliza- 
tion of  municipal  war  debts.  The  state  of  his  health 
obliged  him  to  decline  an  appointment  which  was 
tendered  to  him  by  dov.  Chamberlain  as  associate 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  For  seven  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Colby 
University.  His  death  occurred  at  Calais,  Dec.  3, 
1876. 


"  Mr.  Whidden  was  a  man  of  fine  general  ap- 
pearance and  bearing,  a  bold  and  indefatigable 
leader,  and  a  warm  and  generous  friend." 

Whidden,  Rev.  John,  after  his  conversion,  was 
baptized  anci  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Antigonish,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  ordained 
Nov.  4,  1832.  He  labored  in  that  town  until  hi> 
death,  which  occurred  several  years  ago.  Ilis  pa.«- 
toral  and  missionary  labors  were  of  great  service 
to  the  cause  of  Christ  in  the  counties  of  Antigonish 
and  Guysborough. 

Whilden,  Rev.  B.  W.,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  on  the  2yth  of  May.  1819.  He  was  baptized 
by  the  elder  Dr.  Manly  in  183.5,  and  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  First  church  in  1839,  and  ordained 
on  his  twenty -second  birthday.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Camden,  S.  C,  for  four  years. 

In  1849  he  wsis  sent  by  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention  as  a  missionary  to  Canton,  China. 
About  a  year  after  his  arrival  he  lost  his  wife,  and 
returned  home  with  his  children.  Having  acted 
for  some  time  as  agent  for  the  Foreign  Mission 
Board,  he  married  Miss  Mary  II.  Bonnette,  of 
Orangeburg,  S.  C  and  returned  to  China,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  when  Mrs.  Whilden's  fail- 
ing sight  caused  him  to  return  a  second  time  to  his 
native  country. 

Since  that  time  he  has  preached  and  taught  in 
various  parts  of  iiis  native  State  and  Georgia.  He 
was  at  one  time  Professor  of  Belles-Lettres  and 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  Cher- 
okee College,  Ga. 

He  has  been  editoriallj'  connected  with  sevenil 
newspapers,  and  is  now  associate  editor  of  the  Il- 
lustrated Baptist,  and  pastor  of  several  churches  in 
South  Carolina.  He  has  two  daughters  in  China. 
Miss  Lulu  Whilden  and  Mrs.  Williams. 

White,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  bom  in  1784  in  Scot- 
land ;  baptized  by  Rev.  D.  McArthur  in  1800;  came 
to  North  Carolina  in  1807.  and  established  the 
Spring  Hill  church  in  Richmond  County  ;  after- 
wards served  the  Welsh  Neck  church  in  South 
Carolina,  but  returned  to  Spring  Hill,  and  spent 
most  of  his  long  and  useful  life  in  North  Carolina. 
He  preached  both  in  Gaelic  and  English,  and  was 
greatly  blessed  in  revivals  and  in  baptizing  men 
who  became  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Rev.  Duncan 
McNeil  has  written  a  memoir  of  this  devout 
SetUfliman. 

White,  Prof,  John  B.,  well  known  in  Illinois 
as  an  educator,  was  born  at  Bow,  N.  H..  March  10. 
1810.  Ilis  mother  was  descended  from  the  family 
of  Carters,  distinguished  for  patriotism  in  colonial 
and  Revolutionary  times.  His  father  was  an  officer 
in  the  war  of  IS  12,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  eidonel. 
Mr.  White's  preparation  for  cnllege  was  received  at 
Pembroke  Academy  and  New  Hampton  Institute, 
in  New  Hampshire.     He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 


WHITE 


1238 


WHITFIELD 


versity  in  1832,  having  won  especial  distinction  as 
a  scholar  in  mathematics.  His  first  service  as 
teacher  was  at  New  Hampton,  where,  in  connection 
with  other  work  of  instruction,  he  organized  and 
conducted  a  normal  class,  made  up  of  persons  pre- 
paring to  teach  ;  pi-olnibly  the  first,  or  at  least  one 
of  the  first,  examples  of  a  method  of  instruction 
which  has  since  been  so  widely  adopted.  Resum- 
ing the  study  of  law,  interrupted  by  these  duties, 
Mr.  White  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  removed 
to  Illinois  in  1836,  making  his  home  at  Greenville, 
in  Bond  County.  Here  he  speedily  achieved  a 
distinction  which  caused  his  election  as  judge  of 
probate  in  1837. 

Mr.  White's  evident  sphere,  however,  was  that 
of  a  teacher.  Perhaps  a  consciousness  of  this,  fact 
led  him,  in  1838,  to  accept  the  chair  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Wake  Forest 
College,  N.  C.  In  18J4,  a  visit  to  Greenville,  III., 
his  fiirmer  place  of  residence,  led  to  his  return  to 
that  place,  and  to  a  successful  effort,  under  his  in- 
.spiration  and  guidance,  to  found  there  a  college  for 
young  women,  of  which  he  was  made  president. 
The  history  of  this  enterprise  is  given  in  another 
place.  (See  Ai.MiRA  Coi.i.EOE.)  Until  a  very  recent 
date  Mr.  White  has  remained  at  the  head  of  the 
college,  carrying  the  institution  forward  success- 
fully nnder  circumstances  of  exceptional  difficulty. 

Mr.  White  became  a  Christian  while  a  student 
of  Pembroke  Academy.  It  was  while  he  was  a 
professor  in  Wake  Forest  College  that  special  cir- 
cumstances seemed  to  lay  upon  him  a  ministerial 
service,  resulting  in  his  ordination.  In  the  years 
1859  and  I860  ho  served  the  church  at  Greenvilh; 
as  its  pastor,  and  one  year  as  chaplain  of  an  Il- 
linois regiment  in  the  late  war. 

White,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  New  York, 
•July  26,  lTli><.  Soon  after  his  birth  his  parents 
removed  to  Pliiladclpliia,  where,  when  young,  he 
found  the  Saviour,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church.  About  1790  he  removed  to 
Roxborougli  township,  and  by  the  Iloxborough 
church  was  licensed  to  preach  in  17'.t3,  and  in  it, 
the  lollowiiig  year,  he  was  ordained.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  New  Britain  church  in  1795,  and  re- 
mained with  that  church  for  eight  years.  On  Jan. 
23,  1804,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia.  The  church  was  not  quite 
a  year  in  existence  ;  their  meeting-house  had  just 
been  dedicated,  and  their  first  pastor  felt  the  im- 
pulse of  their  bright  hopes,  and  was  encouraged  by 
their  zealous  and  united  efforts  to  spread  the  gos- 
pel. Mr.  White  was  an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a 
thinker  of  original  powers.  Except  Dr.  Staughton, 
there  was  no  man  in  Philadelphia  or  in  Pennsyl- 
vania the  superior  of  the  first  pastor  of  the  Second 
church.  His  success  was  almost  unexampled  in 
Philadelphia  for  those  times.     In   thirteen   years 


he  b:i|)tized  over  .'jOO  persons,  men  and  women  of 
intelligence,  who  reuniined  faithful  witnesses  for 
Jesus  during  many  subsequent  years.  The  results 
of  Mr.  White's  labors  are  felt  to  this  day  in  the  ex- 
istence and  prosperity  of  someof  the  largestchurches 
in  Philadelphia.  Mr.  White  removed  from  the 
Second  church  in  ISI7,  and  for  some  years  gave 
up  preaching.  In  1822  he  liecame  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Lancaster,  0.  ;  subsequently  lie  was  pas- 
tor of  the  churches  of  Muddy  Prairie  and  Chilli- 
cothe.  lie  died  Feb.  14,  1843,  in  his  seventy-fifth 
year. 

Mr.  White  was  the  author  of  a  work  on  baptism 
called  '•  Christian  Baptism,  exhibiting  Various 
Proofs  that  the  Immersion  of  Believers  in  Water 
is  the  Only  Baptism."  He  had  also  gathered  a 
large  amount  of  matter  for  a  history  of  the  Bap- 
tists of  the  United  States,  which  was  destroyed  by 
the  fire  which  nearly  burned  down  Cliillicothe. 
The  Hon.  S.  S.  Cox,  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  City,  is  a  grandson  of  Mr.  White. 

White,    Rev.  W.  J.   (colored),   pastor   of  the 
Harmony  Baptist  church  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  is  one 
of  the  most  intelligent,  useful,  and  hard-working 
colored  ministers  of  the  State.     lie  was  baptized, 
and  united  with  the  Springfield  Baptist  church  of 
Augusta,  Oct.  7,  1855.     He  was  licensed  to  preach 
I  in  1862,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  April  1, 
I  1866.    In  1859  he  organized  a  Sunday-school,  which 
he  superintended  until  1868,  when,  with  a  few  others, 
j  he  formed  the  Harmony  church,  to  the  pastorate  of 
j  which   he  was   called   in  -July  of  that  year.     The 
j  Sunday-school  he  instituted  belongs  to  the  church 
j  of  which  he  is  pastor.     He  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  organization  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  Geor- 
gia since   the  war.      He  was   elected   treasurer  of 
the  State  Convention  when  it  was  formed  in  1870, 
a  post   to  which   he  has  been   annually  reelected 
since.     For  years    he    has    been   treasurer  of  the 
Shiloh  Association,  and  lor  a  year  and  a  half  he 
was  missionary  agent  of  the  State  Convention,  re- 
signing on  account  of  ill  health.     When  the  Col- 
ored Georgia  Baptist    Sunday-School  Convention 
was  established  at  Macon,  in  1872,  be  was  elected 
its  president,  and  held  the  position  for  several  years. 
At  present  he  is  the  corresponding  secretary  of  both 
the  Missionary  Baptist  Convention  and  the  State 
Sunday-School  Convention  of  Georgia,  and  fills  these 
positions  with  great  ability  and  success. 

Whiteside,  James,  as  the  son  of  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Illinois,  froui  whom  the  county 
of  Whiteside  receives  its  name,  and  himself  one  of 
the  oldest  citizens  of  Madison  County,  as  well  as 
for  his  personal  worth,  should  have  a  brief  memo- 
rial here.  He  was  born  near  Troy,  111.,  and  died 
at  that  place  J.an.  30,  1868,  aged  sixty-three.  He 
was  a  useful  and  influential  man. 

Whitfield,  Theo.,   D.D.,  was  born   in  Missis- 


wmrmG 


1239 


WHITSITT 


sippi ;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C,  in  1854  ; 
studied  theology  at  Newton,  Mass.  ;  was  at  one 
time  principal  of  a  blind  asylum  in  Mississippi ; 
was  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Mis- 
souri ;  editor  of  Baptist  paper  at  Meridian,  Miss. ; 
came  to  Charlotte,  N.  C,  as  pastor  in  1.S74,  whore 
he  still  remains  ;  was  made  a  D.D.  by  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1878. 

Whiting,  Charles,  D.D.,  the  present  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Canton,  111.,  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  prosperous  in  the  State,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  24,  1S,3().  When  he  was 
.seven  years  of  age  his  father  removed  to  Jlissouri, 
where  he  received  his  education  tlirough  private 
tutors.  He  entered  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1860, 
when  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Dover 
Baptist  church.  Ilis  subsequent  pastorates  have 
been  at  Boonville  and  Springfield,  Mo.,  Fort  Scott, 
Kansas,  Quincy,  111.  (First  church),  and  his  pres- 
ent one  at  Canton.  He  has  held  strongly  the  re- 
gard of  his  people  on  these  various  fields,  and  has 
won  distinction  both  as  preacher  and  lecturer. 

Whitman,  Rev.  S.  S.,  a  native  of  Shaftsbury, 
Vt.,  was  converted  and  baptized  at  the  age  of 
twelve  years.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Hamilton. 
lie  also  studied  theology  at  Andover,  and  gradu- 
ated from  Newton  Theological  Seminary  in  182". 
lie  was  one  of  the  three  students  that  formed  its 
first  class.  Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  recently  deceased, 
was  another  of  the  three.  Immediately  upon  his 
graduation  from  Newton,  Mr.  Whitman  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  Biblical  Interpretation  in  Hamilton 
Theological  Institute.  He  held  this  position  seven 
jears  with  great  ability.  He  was  compelled  to  re- 
tire from  this  work  on  account  of  the  almost  entire 
failure  of  his  health.  In  lS3f3  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Bcl- 
videre,  111.,  an  infant  church  of  fourteen  members, 
located  in  a  field  entirely  new.  Here  he  remained 
ten  years,  building  up  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
■efficient  churches  in  the  Northwest,  a  church  re- 
maining to  this  day  of  great  power  and  usefulness. 
With  health  utterly  broken  down,  he  resigned  the 
care  of  the  church,  and  for  several  years  retired 
from  all  active  labor.  In  June,  1851,  with  health 
:8omewhat  restored,  he  took  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Madison,  Wis.  Ilis  work  here  was  of 
the  briefest  character,  but  awakened  the  higliest 
hopes  of  the  church  and  coiiununity-  He  died 
Jan.  2,  1852,  having  served  the  church  aliout  eight 
months. 

He  was  a  minister  of  the  highest  culture  and  of 
■entire  consecration  to  his  work.  His  daily  life 
exhibited  the  loveliest  traits  of  the  Christian  char- 
acter. He  filled  every  position  with  honor.  As 
a  professor,  he  attained  the  highest  rank;  as  a 
preacher,  he  attractcil  crowds  to  his  faithful  pre- 
.sentation  of  gospel   truth,  and  built  up  from  the 


foundation  a  church  of  great  strength.  As  a  pas- 
tor, he  was  gentle,  winning,  and  faithful,  and  suc- 
cess attended  all  his  work.  He  has  left  a  memory 
sacredly  cherished  by  multitudes  in  Northern  Illi- 
nois and  Southern  Wisconsin. 

Whitsitt,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Amherst 
Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  ■■)!,  1771,  iiiid  educated  in  the  Epis- 
copal Church,  then  the  established  church  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

In  the  year  1789  he  made  a  profession  of  religion, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph  Anthony,  an 
earnest  Baptist  minister.  He  entered  at  once  with 
great  zeal  into  the  revival  then  prevailing,  not  only 
praying  and  exhorting,  but  appointing  and  conduct- 
ing meetings ;  and  so  acceptable  were  his  efibrts  that, 
within  a  few'  weeks,  the  church  gave  him  a  formal 
license  to  preach  the  gospel. 

In  the  year  1791)  he  removed  to  Davidson  Co., 
Tenn.,  then  almost  a  wilderness.  The  history  of 
Mr.  Whitsitt's  labors  would  be  substantially  the 
history  of  the  Baptists  in  the  Cumberland  Valley. 
His  co-laborers  were  Dillahunty,  McConnico,  and 
others, — all  men  of  decided  power,  and  eminently 
fitted  to  do  good  service  as  pioneers  in  the  cause 
of  Christ. 

He  took  the  pastoral  charge  of  four  churches, — 
Mill  Creek,  Concord,  Rockspring,  and  Providence. 
He  continued  his  labors  witli  the.se  churches  from 
thirty  to  forty  years,  up  to  the  time  that  the  in- 
firmities of  age  compelled  him  to  circumscribe  his 
efforts  and  remain  mostly  at  home. 

Mr.  Whitsitt  was  present  at  the  organization  of 
the  Mero  District,  the  first  Association  formed  in 
the  Cumberland  Valley.  In  this,  and  others  of 
which  he  was  subsequently  a  member,  his  influence 
was  paramount.  This  Association  originally  in- 
cluded all  the  churches  in  Tennessee  west  of  the 
mountains. 

His  connection  with  it  continued  until  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Cumberland  Association,  to  which  his 
churches  were  transferred,  and  he,  of  course,  went 
with  them.  Afterwards  the  Concord  Association 
was  formed,  which  included  the  churches  of  Mr. 
Whitsitt;  with  it  he  remained  to  the  day  of  his 
death.  He  alw.ays  attended  the  annual  meetings 
of  these  Associations  while  his  health  would  per- 
mit. 

He  resigned  his  charge  at  Mill  Creek  and,  having 
obtained  a  letter  of  dismission,  joined  the  First 
church  in  Nashville,  with  which  he  remained  till 
the  close  of  his  life.  Mi'anwhile  he  continued  to 
jire.ach  in  diUercnt  churches,  as  his  health  would 
permit. 

The  summer  and  autumn  previous  to  his  decease 
be  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the  Second  church  in 
Nashville,  in  the  absence  of  the  pastor,  most  of  the 
time;  and,  in  addition  to  this,  preached  funeral 
sermons,  and  performed  other  occasional  services 


WHITSITT 


1240 


WIBERG 


at  the  houses  of  friends  in  the  neighborhood.  lie 
also  wrote  many  articles  for  the  religious  press, 
some  of  which  were  decidedly  among  his  best  pro- 
ductions. On  the  second  Lord's  day  in  October, 
1848,  he  was  with  his  church  in  Nashville,  at  their 
communion.  His  address  on  that  occasion  was 
peculiarly  affecting.  ''  And  now,  brethren  and 
sisters,  farewell.  We  shall  meet  no  more  upon 
e.irth.  This  is  our  last  interview.  I  am  old  and  i 
rapidly  sinking.  The  winter  is  almost  upon  us, 
during  which  1  cannot  visit  you,  and  before  the 
spring  comes  I  shall  die.  Farewell."  This  was, 
indeed,  his  last  meeting  with  them.  lie  died  in 
perfect  peace  on  the  12th  of  April,  1849,  in  the 
seventy-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

As  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  he  held  a  very  high 
rank.  His  sermons  were  always  able,  and  had  the 
appearance  of  being  elaborately  prepared.  Mr. 
Whitsitt's  conceptions  were  clear  and  accurate. 
The  reasoning  faculty  was  of  unusual  strength, 
and  no  metaphysical  subtleties  ever  confused  him. 
In  the  latter  part  of  his  life  his  sermons  became 
less  argumentative  and  more  practical.  lie  was 
also  occasionally  intensely  pathetic,  and  the  effect 
of  his  utterances  at  such  times  was  well-nigh  over- 
whelming. He  was  the  uniform  and  earnest  friend 
of  missions,  and  liad  a  primary  agency  in  origina- 
ting and  sustaining  the  missionary  operations  of 
uur  .State. 

Whitsitt,  William  Heth,  D.D.,  Professor  of 
Biblical  Introduction  and  Ecclesiastical  History 
in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary, 
was  lx)rn  near  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Nov.  2.5,  1841. 
He  entered  Union  University  in  185",  from  which 
he  gi-aduated  in  1861.  The  same  year  he  entered 
the  Confederate  army  as  a  private,  was  soon 
afterwards  promoted  to  the  chaplaincy,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  the  close  of  the  war.  lie 
was  twice  captured,  and  was  confined  in  different 
military  prisons  about  twelve  months.  In  1866 
he  entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  in  1867 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  re- 
maining at  the  latter  two  years.  In  1809  he  went 
to  Europe,  where  he  spent  over  two  years  in  study 
at  Leipsic  and  Berlin.  On  his  return  to  America, 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Albany,  Ga.,  in  February,  1>*72.  In  September  of 
the  same  year  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
present  position,  when  he  delivered  his  inaugural 
address,  entitled  "  The  Relation  of  Baptists  to  Cul- 
ture," which  w.as  published  in  the  Baptist  Quar- 
terly. In  18VS  he  published  a  pamphlet  on  the 
"  History  of  the  Rise  of  Infant  Baptism."  and  an- 
other, on  "The  History  of  Communion  among 
Baptists,"  in  1880. 

Wiberg,  Rev.  Andreas,  was  bom  in  1816,  near 

Hudiksvall,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Sweden. 
When  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  his  mind  was 


deeply  impressed  in  consequence  of  his  escape 
from  death  by  drowning,  and  he  felt  the  impor- 
tance of  being  prepared  to  die.  This  impression 
was  followed  by  a  desire  to  do  something  to  prove 


REV.  ANDREAS    WIBERG. 

the  sincerity  of  his  gratitude  to  God  for  his  deliver- 
ance, lie  entered  the  University  of  Upsala  in 
183.5,  and  studied  four  years.  Although  for  a  time 
under  the  influence  of  skeptical  opinions,  he  at  last 
emerged  from  his  spiritual  darkness,  and  became  a 
hopeful  Christian.  He  was  set  apart  as  a  priest 
in  the  state  church  in  1843.  Having  doubts  about 
the  propriety  of  admitting  uncMUverted  persons  to 
the  Lord's  table,  he  left  his  work  as  a  priest  for  a 
season,  and  was  occupied  for  two  years  in  trans- 
lating and  publishing  some  of  Luther's  works,  and 
in  the  editorial  charge  of  a  paper  called  The  Evan- 
gelist. During  this  time  he  was  brought  into  con- 
nection with  some  Christians  in  the  north  of  .Swe- 
den who  held  views  similar  to  his  own,  and  the 
sympathy  which  be  expressed  for  these  brethren 
led  to  his  being  the  subject  of  persecution. 

Mr.  Wiberg  visited  Hamburg  in  the  spring  of 
1851,  and  made  the  acquaintance  of  Mr.  Oncken,  and 
saw  the  workings  of  the  Baptist  church  under  liis 
pastoral  charge.  It  was  not  long  before  his  views 
on  the  subject  and  mode  of  baptism  underwent  a 
change,  and  he  was  baptized  at  the  island  of  Amager, 
near  Copenhagen,  July  23, 1852,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Nilson. 
He  was  then  on  his  way  to  New  York.  Arriving  in 
this  country,  he  was  brought  into  connection  with 
the  Baptists  of  that  city,  and  for  a  time  labored 
as  colporteur  of  the  American  Baptist  Pabcliation 


WJER 


1341 


WIGHTMAN 


Society  among  seamen.  Before  leaving  Sweden  Mr. 
Wiberg  had  written  a  book  on  baptism.  This  book 
had  been  published  and  circulated  in  Sweden,  and 
scores  and  hundreds  of  persons  were  beginning  to 
be  shaken  in  their  views  of  the  subject.  Those  who  ' 
i-mbraced  Baptist  sentiments  were  at  once  suljected 
to  severe  persecutions,  but  the  work  went  on,  and 
multitudes  were  brought  to  accept  the  "  faith  once 
ilelivered  to  the  saints."  The  Publication  Society 
ilecided  to  establish  a  system  of  colportage  in 
Sweden,  and  to  place  Mr.  Wil)erg  at  its  head.  Mr. 
Wiberg  sailed  from  this  country  the  8th  of  Sep- 
tember, 185.5,  and  on  reaching  Sweden  at  once  com- 
menced his  labors.  How  earnest  and  how  successful 
these  labors  have  been  may  be  seen  in  the  history 
of  the  mission  to  Sweden.  Twenty-six  years  have 
passed  since  Mr.  Wiberg  landed  at  Stockholm. 
During  that  time,  with  the  blessing  of  God  on  his 
work,  and  that  of  the  hundreds  of  earnest  disciples 
of  Christ  who  have  been  associated  with  him.  what 
was  the  "  little  one"  has  literally  become  ••  a  thou- 
sand." The  Baptists  in  Sweden  number  about 
120,000,  and  still  the  work  goes  steadily  ami  hope- 
fully on.  To  have  been  a  co-worker  with  God  in 
bringing  about  such  results  might  well  gratify  the 
desires  of  any  large-hearteil  Christian. 

Wier,  Deacon  Stephen  M.,  was  bom  in  Glas- 
tonbury, Conn.,  March  2.j,  1814;  trained  on  a 
farm  and  in  rural  schools;  converted  under  the 
preaching  of  Rev.  Rolin  II.  \eale,  D.D.,  and  bap- 
tized by  him  in  18.36  ;  always  been  an  active 
Baptist;  at  the  age  of  forty  became  a  manufac- 
turer ;  successful  amid  all  changes  and  losses ; 
served  as  one  of  the  selectmen  of  the  town  ;  two 
years  on  the  board  of  education  ;  four  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  common  council ;  one  year  as  alderman  ; 
twice  chosen  deacon  :  a  number  of  years  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday-school  ;  a  strong,  steady 
worker. 

Wightman,  Edward,  of  Burton-upon-Trent, 
Knglaud,  was  accused  before  the  bishop  of  Lich- 
field and  Coventry,  and  on  the  14tli  of  December, 
1611,  was  condemned  of  numerous  heresies.  The 
only  charges  of  supposed  false  doctrine  against  Mr. 
Wightman,  about  the  truth  of  which  there  was  no 
doubt,  were  that  he  believed  "  the  baptism  of  in- 
fants to  be  an  abominable  custom;  that  the  Lord's 
.Supper  and  baptism  should  not  be  celebrated  as 
they  are  now  practised  in  the  Church  of  England  ; 
•ind  that  Christianity  is  not  wholly  professed  and 
preached  in  the  Church  of  England,  but  only  in 
part." 

For  these  shocking  doctrines  the  gentle  Richard, 
Episcopal  shepherd  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  de- 
livered Mr.  Wightman  to  the  secular  power,  ac- 
cording to  the  custom  of  the  Inquisition,  to  be 
burned  alive.  And  James  I.,  who  could  not  bear 
the  sight  of  a  naked  sword,  and  who  had  just 
79 


issued  the  present  version  of  the  Scriptures,  ordered 
our  noble  Baptist  brother  to  be  committed  to  the 
flames.  His  body  was  reduced  to  a.»he8  on  the 
Ilth  of  April,  1612,  at  Lichfield.  And  he  died  so 
cheerfully  that  he  gathered  a  harvest  of  glory  from 
the  blazing  fagots  that  consumed  his  bndy,  and 
from  the  same  tierce  flames  .James  reaped  a  harvest 
of  infamy,  which  stopped  all  future  fiery  sacrifices 
during  bis  reign. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Frederick,  -^on  of  J.  im  and 
Sarah  (Greene)  Wightman.  was  born  in  Warwick, 
R.  I.,  April  II,  1779:  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Coventry  Baptist  church  by  Rov.  Charles 
Stone  in  May,  1801  ;  had  deep  experiences  ;  began 
preaching  in  1802-3;  settled  in  Ashford,  Conn.; 
ordained  in  September,  1807,  and  labored  with 
large  success  for  eleven  years;  removed  in  1817  to 
Middletown  (now  Cromwell).  Conn.,  and  preached 
fifteen  years;  in  1832  settled  with  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  East  Lyme,  Conn.,  and  was  emi- 
nently successful;  returned  to  Cromwell  church 
for  two  years ;  then  three  years  with  the  church  in 
Iladdam  ;  then  in  Wether-field  ;  then  three  years 
with  Second  church  in  East  Lyme  ;  everywhere 
prospered  ;  preached  forty  years  ;  delivered  over 
7000  sermons;  greatly  interested  in  missions; 
sound  in  doctrine:  fervent  in  spirit;  furemost 
among  his  brethren ;  died  in  Cromwell,  Conn., 
Oct.  5,  1856,  aged  seventy-seven. 

Wightman,  Eev.  John  Gano,  youngest  son  of 

Rev.  Tiiiiotliy  and  Mary  (Sto(l<lard)  Wightman, 
was  born  in  Groton.  Conn.,  Aug.  16,  1706.  lie 
was  baptized  into  the  First  Baptist  church  in  his 
native  town  in  1797,  and  succeeded  his  father  in 
the  pastorate  of  the  church,  receiving  ordination 
Aug.  13,  1800.  Like  his  grandfather,  Valentine, 
and  his  father.  Timothy,  be  was  distinguished  for 
solid  and  practical,  rather  than  glittering,  quali- 
ties:  hence  the  abiding  results  of  his  ministry. 
Of  a  susceptible  and  ingenuous  nature,  of  fervent 
and  consistent  piety,  of  goodly  personal  appear- 
ance and  bearing,  he  won  a  high  rank  in  the  coun- 
cils and  associations  of  the  Baptist  doiioniination. 
In  executive  positions  he  was  composed,  ready, 
impartial,  dignified.  To  an  attack  nmde  on  his 
church  by  the  Rogerine  Quakers,  in  a  pamidilet 
entitled  "The  Battle- Axe,"  he  simply  replied. 
"The  axe  will  cut  farther  backward  than  forward," 
which  proved  to  be  true.  His  surviving  writings 
are  found  in  "Circular  Letters,"  prepared  for  the 
Stonington  Union  Association,  and  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  Adams  and  Jeflerson.  Like  his  pre- 
decessors, he  was  a  stanch  advoc«te  of  religious 
liberty.  His  influence  was  felt  in  securing  a 
change  in  the  constitution  of  the  State  indorsing 
the  principles  of  liberty  first  introduced  into  the 
colony  by  his  grandfather.  Not  less  than  ten  sea- 
sons of  revival  were  experienced  under  his  minis- 


WIG  HTM  AX 


1242 


WIG  HTM  AX 


try,  some  of  tlicm  powerful  and  wide-spread,  and 
the  parent  church  sent  out  its  branch — tlie  Tliird 
Baptist  churcli  in  Groton — in  1831.  He  died  July 
13,  1841,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age,  and 
after  a  ministry  to  the  church  which  his  father 
served  of  forty-one  years.  His  body  was  laid  in 
the  church-yard  by  the  side  of  his  father. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Joseph  Colver,  was  bom  in 
Grotdii,  Conn.,  Jan.  .'5,  ISl!^.  lie  pursued  his  pre- 
paratory studies  at  the  Suffield  Literary  Institute, 
and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
18.52.  lie  was  at  Newton  three  years,  llis  ordi- 
nation took  place  April  15,  1857,  and  he  was  pas- 
tor of  the  South  Abington,  Mass.,  church  one  year, 
and  of  the  church  in  Middleton,  Conn.,  four  years. 
For  one  year  he  was  chaplain  in  a  regiment  of 
U.  S.  Volunteers,  then  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  London,  Conn.,  where  he  remained  three 
years.  From  New  London  he  went  to  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He  acted  as 
district  secretary  of  the  American  Bible  Union  for 
one  year,  and  then  returned  to  the  pastorate,  ac- 
cepting a  call  to  the  church  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  in 
1873.  where  he  now  continues  to  preach. 

Wightman,  Stillman  K.,  A.M.,  only  child  of 

Rev.  Frederick  Wii;btinan,  was  born  in  Rhode 
Island  in  1803  ;  much  of  his  life  spent  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  ;  graduated  from  Yale  College  in 
1825 ;  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1835 
to  1842,  and  for  three  years  Speaker  of  the  house  ; 
baptized  in  1852  by  Rev.  Spencer  H.  Cone,  D.D., 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  churcli  in  New 
York  City,  where  he  yet  remains  ;  has  attained 
eminence  in  the  legal  profession  ;  has  occupied 
prominent  positions  upon  the  board  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Home  Mission  Society ;  his  judgment 
and  counsel  are  sought  and  prized ;  a  man  wearing 
and  deserving  honors. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Timothy,  son  of  Rev.  Valen- 
tine and  Susanna  (llolmos)  Wiglitman,  was  born 
in  Groton,  Conn.,  Nov.  20,  1719.  In  1754  he  suc- 
ceeded his  father  in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Groton,  though  he  modestly 
refused  ordination  until  May  20,  1756.  The  early 
part  of  his  ministry  was  made  laborious  by  the 
upheaval  of  affairs  in  the  State  by  the  Separa- 
tists from  the  standing  order;  but  he  was  equal 
to  the  emergency.  The  Separate  movement  was 
especially  strong  in  Eastern  Connecticut,  and  in  the 
whole  State  about  forty  Separate  churches  were 
formed.  Most  of  these  Separatists  finally  became 
Baptists.  Mr.  Wightman  was  also  tried  by  tlie 
erratic  ideas  ai^  practices  of  a  band  of  Rogerine 
Quakers  that  aimed  at  times  to  disturb  his  meet- 
ings;  but  his  serenity  and  good  judgment  foiled 
their  designs.  His  ministry  also  extended  through 
the  stormy  period  of  the  Revolution,  in  which  he 
nobly  acted  the  part  of  a  patriot.    He  was  a  plain, 


fearless,  discreet,  faithful  preacher,  and  a  thor- 
oughly good  man,  like  his  lionored  father  before 
him. 

Mr.  Wightman' s  ministry  was  marked  by  revivals ; 
in  1764  more  than  thirty  were  added  to  the  church, 
and  in  the  following  year  wa.s  formed  the  second 
Baptist  church  in  the  town  ;  in  1775  nearly  forty 
were  added,  and  a  church  was  formed  in  North 
Groton;  in  1784  eighty-four  were  added;  another 
revival  occurred  in  1786-87.  Like  a  Jewish 
priestly  family,  the  Wightmans,  in  every  genera- 
tion, have  had  their  distinguished  preachers.  Tim- 
othy died  Nov.  14,  179G,  in  his  seventy-eighth  year, 
and  after  a  ministry  of  forty-two  years,  the  exact 
period  of  his  father's  pastorate.  He  was  buried  in 
the  church-yard  by  the  side  of  his  father.  His 
epitaph  might  read.  Modest,  solid  worth.  Rev. 
Reuben  Palmer  preached  his  funeral  discourse. 

Wightman,  Rev.  Valentine,  the  first  Baptist 
minister  in  Connecticut,  was  born  in  North  King- 
ston, R.  I.,  in  1681.  lie  was  a  descendant  of 
Edward  Wightman,  the  Baptist,  who  was  burned 
for  heresy  at  Lichfield,  England,  in  1612.  His 
father  was  one  of  five  brothers  who  came  to  this 
country,  all  of  whom  were  Baptists, — two  were 
preachers,  two  deacons,  and  one  a  private  member. 
Valentine  was  ordained  in  Rhode  Island  :  removed 
to  Groton,  Conn.,  in  1705,  and  planted  the  First 
Baptist  church, — the  first  in  the  town  and  the  first 
in  the  State ;  he  afterwards  assisted  Rev.  Nicholas 
Eyres,  from  1712  to  1714,  in  planting  the  first  Bap- 
tist church  in  the  city  and  State  of  New  York  ;  was 
a  well-educated  and  scholarly  man  ;  was  a  mission- 
ary throughout  Eastern  Connecticut ;  aided  in 
planting  churches  in  Stonington,  Waterford,  and 
Lyme ;  wrote  a  tract  in  defense  of  orderly  and 
trained  singing ;  had  the  famous  debate,  June  7, 
1727,  at  Lyme,  with  Rev.  .John  Bulkley,  of  Col- 
chester, the  champion  of  the  standing  order,  in 
which  it  is  conceded  that  Mr.  Wightman  was  the 
victor ;  both  parties  afterwards  published  their  de- 
bates in  volumes  ;  the  heads  of  discussion  were  (1) 
The  Subjects  of  Baptism,  (2)  The  Mode  of  Baptiz- 
ing, (3)  The  Maintenance  of  Gospel  Ministers.  Mr. 
Wightniiin's  writings  show  that  he  was  a  student 
of  the  Scriptures  and  of  the  patristic  writings, 
with  a  well-balanced  mind,  of  calm  but  decided 
spirit,  of  sound  judgment,  clear  convictions,  warm 
heart,  plain  and  transparent  speech,  a  wise  man  in 
laying  foundations.  He  was  married  to  Susanna 
Holmes  Feb.  10,  1703,  and  left  descendants,  who 
have  been  honored  in  the  ministry  to  this  day. 
After  the  scenes  and  labors  of  the  Great  Awaken- 
ing, in  which  he  labored  and  rejoiced,  he  died  June 
9,  1747,  at  the  age  of  sixty-six,  and  after  a  minis- 
try of  forty-two  years.  His  name  will  endure  on 
the  roll  of  the  fathers  that  opened  the  wilderness 
and,    in   the   name   of  the  Lord,  laid  the  goodly 


WILCOX 


1243 


WILDMAN 


foundations  upon  which  succeeding  jienerations 
have  joyfully  built.    His  grave  is  in  Groton,  Conn. 

Wilcox,  Rev.  Asa,  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  successor 
of  Rev.  Isaiah  Wilcox,  was  ordained  Feb.  18,  1802  : 
a  man  of  culture  in  his  day,  and  ready  with  his 
pen  ;  labored  as  an  evangelist :  removed  to  Connec- 
ticut; successful  and  honored;  died  in  Colchester, 
Conn.,  in  1832 ;  his  remains  removed  to  Essex, 
Conn.,  one  of  his  fields  of  labor,  and  laid  by  the 
side  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Wilcox,  Rev.  Isaiah,  of  Westerly.  R.  I.,  was 
baptized  in  February,  1766;  ordained  Feb.  14, 
1771  ;  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  church  organized 
in  1765.  and  known  as  the  Wilcox  church,  a  fruit 
of  the  Great  Awakening ;  large  man,  with  splen- 
did voice;  an  able  preacher  in  his  day;  under  his 
ministry  a  revival,  beginning  in  1785,  continuing 
through  nearly  three  years,  added  more  than  200 
to  the  church.  lie  died  March  3,  1795,  at  the  age 
of  fifty-five. 

Wilder,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  Buckland, 
Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  March  31,  1S19.     In  his  sev-  i 


REV.   HI  1. 1.1  AM    Hll.DKR. 

enteenth  year  he  was  converted,  and  united  with 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  the  faith  of  which  he 
had  been  educated  by  his  parents.  Three  years 
later  liis  attention  was  called  to  the  subject  of  bap- 
tism. After  an  earnest  and  patient  exauiinatiim, 
he  was  surprised  to  learn  that  sprinkling  was  never 
alluded  to  as  baptism  in  the  Wurd  of  God,  and  that 
infants  were  not  mentioned  as  subjects  of  bap- 
tism, but  that  believers  only  received  the  ordinance 
from  apostolic  hands.     He  united  with  the  Baptist 


Church  in  September,  1841,  and  the  same  year  en- 
tered the  academic  department  of  Madison  Univer- 
sity, N.  Y.  He  graduated  in  1846,  and  studied  a 
year  in  the  theological  seminary.  In  1847  he  set- 
tled as  pastor  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1850  removed 
to  Xew  Britain,  I'a.,  where  he  remained  as  pastor 
until  lS.i4,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Upland 
church,  and  continued  with  it  about  eleven  years. 
In  1865  he  settled  with  the  Olivet  church,  Phila- 
delphia, and  in  1869  with  the  First  church,  Bridge- 
ton,  N.  J.  In  1871  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  having  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Avenue  Baptist  church.  In  1874  became  pastor 
of  the  First  church  at  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  In  the 
midst  of  a  prosperous  pastorate  he  was  enfeebled 
by  a  severe  and  protracted  sickness,  and  resigned. 
He  was  for  a  year  financial  secretary  of  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention.  In  1877  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  church  at  Hampton,  Iowa,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  has  shared  largely  in  the  general  work 
of  the  denomination.  For  twelve  years  he  was  on 
the  board  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety, and  during  this  entire  time  was  one  of  the 
committee  on  publications.  Mr.  Wilder  possesses 
scholarly  culture,  deep  piety,  great  modesty,  and 
every  fitness  for  usefulness. 

Wildman,  Rev.  Daniel,  son  of  Capt.  Daniel 
Wildman,  was  born  in  Danbury,  Conn.,  Dec.  10, 
1764;  subject  of  convictions  when  young;  deeply 
wrought  upon  and  converted  when  about  twenty- 
two  years  of  age  ;  for  a  time  a  school-teacher  ;  li- 
censed to  preach  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Danbury. 
in  1791,  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven;  commenced 
his  ministerial  labors  at  Plymouth,  Conn.,  where  he 
continued  until  1796,  when  he  removed  to  Wolcott, 
where  he  was  ordained,  and  remained  two  years ; 
in  1798  removed  to  Bristol,  where  his  toils  resulted 
in  the  erection  of  a  meeting-house  and  in  greatly 
enlarging  the  church;  in  1804  he  settled  in  Mid- 
dletown,  and  was  favored  with  a  revival :  in  1805 
u'ave  a  part  of  his  time  to  Suffield  (First  church), 
as  he  was  now  in  the  zenith  of  his  strength  ;  in  1806 
returned  to  Bristol,  and  labored  about  twelve  years  : 
thence  to  Stratfield,  and  toiled  about  three  years ; 
thence  to  Bristol  again,  and  yet  again  to  Strat- 
field at  times;  in  1820  preached  half  the  time  in 
Carmel,  N.  Y.,  and  baptized  about  300  persons ; 
spent  a  few  years  in  Licking  Co.,  O. ;  in  182G  re- 
turned to  Connecticut ;  settled  with  the  church  in 
New  London  for  three  years  ;  in  one  year  received 
seventy  members ;  afterwards  served  churches  in 
Russell,  Mass.,  Meriden,  Conn.,  First  church  in 
Norwich,  and  church  in  Andover;  died  in  Leba- 
non, Conn.,  Feb.  21,  1849,  aged  eighty-five  ;  devout, 
able,  beloved  man. 

Wildman,  Rev.  Nathan,  son  of  Rov.  Daniel 
Wildman,  was  born  in  Bristol,  Conn.,  Feb.  22, 
1796 ;  converted  at  the  age  of  eighteen  ;  commenced 


WILHOIT 


1244 


WILKI^'SON 


his  ministry  at  the  !i<;e  of  twenty-five  ;  pastor  at 
Weston,  Suffield,  New  London,  Waterford,  Lel)a- 
non,  Plainville,  and  in  other  fields;  an  earnest  and 
impressive  preacher:  tender  and  nieltin!;  in  his 
appeals ;  often  culled  to  lahor  in  revivals ;  pecu- 
liarly ^^ifted  in  prayer;  skilled  in  pastoral  visiting; 
durin;;  his  ipinistry  baptized  more  than  800  per- 
sons; married  a  daujjhter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Darrow,  of 
Waterl'ord  :  his  only  dauirhter  is  wife  of  Hcv.  Jacob 
Gardner;  died  at  Plaintii'ld,  Conn.,  Feb.  16,  1859, 
beloved  liy  all  who  kiirw  liiiii. 

Wilhoit,  Rev.  Fielding,  was  bom  April  14, 
1799,  in  Kentucky;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Missouri  in  1818.  He  was  converted  and  com- 
menced preaching  in  182G.  lie  labored  in  eleven 
counties  in  Central  Missouri,  and  over  4000  were 
converted  under  his  ministry,  most  of  whom  were 
baptized  by  himsplf,  and  ainoni;  them  S.  II.  Ford, 
LL.D.,  the  late  T.  C.  lliirris,  and  Robert,  who  is 
still  a  standard-be.irer  in  the  ministry  of  Mis.souri. 
lie  aided  in  or^anizinjr  the  General  Association,  and 
was  several  years  the  moderator.  He  was  the  co- 
laborer  of  Doyle,  Flood,  Fristoe,  and  Thomas.  To 
A.  P.  Williams  he  was  the  Apidlos  in  revival  meet- 
ings.    He  died  in  November,  1872. 

Wilhoit,  Stephen,  was  born  in  Mercer  Co., 
Ky.  He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  settled 
in  Boone  County.  He  was  a  successful  farmer  of 
cnerfiy,  inte;;rity,  and  public  spirit.  He  contrib- 
uted to  the  State  University  and  to  William  Jewell 
College.  He  stood  high  as  a  citizen,  and  as  a  mem- 
ber of  his  church.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  of  Mi.ssouri  in  1844.  He  often 
went  on  missionary  tours  with  his  brother.  Field- 
ing Wilhoit.  He  had  an  ardent  love  for  the  spread 
of  the  gospel ;  was  moderator  of  the  Mount  Pleas- 
ant Association  for  years,  after  the  ileath  of  Row- 
laml  Hughes.  His  son,  James  M.  Wilhoit,  of  St. 
Louis,  is  a  valuable  and  liberal  member  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  died  Oct.  4,  1867. 

Wilkes,  Rev.  Washington,  was  born  in  Marl- 
borough District,  S.  C,  .Marrli  26,  1822.  His  parents 
settled  in  Barbour  Co.,  Ala.,  when  he  wns  twelve 
years  of  age,  where  he  was  baptized,  in  1845,  by 
the  Rev.  Peter  Eldridge ;  ordained  in  1847 ;  en- 
tered Howard  College  in  1848,  where  he  graduated 
in  1851.  For  seventeen  years  after  leaving  college 
his  field  of  ministerial  labor  was  in  Aufauga  County, 
where  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  the  formation 
and  growth  of  the  Unity  Association  and  its  strong- 
est churches.  Since  that  time  for  more  than  ten 
years  he  has  resided  in  Talladega  County,  where 
he  has  been  pastor  of  several  of  the  best  churches. 
Mr.  Wilkes  is  a  preacher  of  more  than  average 
ability,  and  holds  a  place  in  the  front  ranks  of  the 
Alabama  pulpit.  He  is  pleasantly  located  with  the 
church  at  Sylacauga. 


Wilkes,  Rev.  William  Clay,  i)resident  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Seminary,  at  Gainesville,  a  dis- 
tinguisheil  educator,  was  born  in  Spartanburg  Co.. 
S.  C.  Sept.  9.  1819.  His  father.  Deacon  Joseph 
Wilkes,  and  his  mother,  Delphia  W.  Clay,  were 
natives  of  Virginia.  In  December,  1829,  the  family 
removed  from  South  Carolina  to  Georgia,  and  set- 
tled in  Putnam  County.  Mr.  Wilkes  joined  the 
church  at  Eatonton  in  1837,  though  he  had  been 
converted  while  a  school-boy.  Having  had  excel- 
lent aeiidemical  advantaMs.  he  entered  the  Fresh- 
man class  of  Mercer  University  in  1839,  and,  while 
in  college,  the  Penfield  church  licensed  him  to 
preach  in  1841.  In  July,  1843,  he  graduated  with 
the  highest  honors  of  his  class ;  returned  home  and 
entered  immediately,  as  an  educator,  upon  that  use- 
ful and  honorable  course  which  he  has  continued 
to  the  present  time  ( 1880).  Called  to  become  its  pas- 
tor by  the  .Millcdgeville  church,  he  was  ordained 
in  Eatonton  in  1849,  and  since  that  period  has 
preached  constantly,  serving  in  the  mean  while  many 
churches.  For  sixteen  years  he  taught  at  Forsythe 
College;  he  founded  and  built  up  Monroe  Female 
College.  He  is  the  father  of  Spalding  Seminary, 
a  flourishing  chartered  school  in  Macon  County. 
He  organized  and  built  up  Crawford  High  School, 
at  Dalton,  which  at  one  time  threatened  to  outstrip 
Mercer  University.  He  also  built  and  established 
the  Georgia  Baptist  Seminary,  at  Gainesville,  a 
flourishing  institution  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention.  A  man  of  fine  in- 
tellectual powers,  a  popular  preacher,  and  at  times 
useful  as  an  editor,  Mr.  Wilkes  has  made  his  life 
a  great  success,  if  success  is  to  be  measured  by 
useful  result!*.  He  has,  in  a  greater  or  less  degree, 
educated  nearly  3000  boys  and  girls,  and  he  has 
baptized  1000  persons.  Though  past  his  three- 
score years,  he  is  still  a  strong  and  healthy  man. 

Wilkinson,  Wm.  Cleaver,  D.D.,  Professor  of 
Homiletics  and  Pastoral  Theology  in  Rochester 
Seminary,  was  born  in  Westford,  Vt.,  Oct.  19, 
1833;  gra<luated  at  Rochester  University  in  1857. 
and  the  Theological  Seminary  in  18.59.  He  im- 
mediately made  a  pedestrian  tour  through  Great 
Britain.  Upon  his  return  to  America  he  took  pas- 
toral care  of  the  Wooster  Place  Baptist  church. 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  November,  18.59.  He  re- 
signed because  of  ill  health  in  1861,  and  made  a 
tour  of  Europe.  He  returned,  in  1863,  to  become 
tutor  in  the  University  of  Rochester.  Soon  after 
he  became  pastor  of  Mount  Auburn  church,  Cin- 
cinnati, 0.  This  charge  he  resigned  in  1866,  and 
opened  a  private  school  in  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  In 
1872  he  w.as  elected  to  the  position  he  still  holds  in 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 

Prof.  Wilkinson  is  one  of  the  ablest  writers  of 
America,  and  contributes  to  the  leading  news- 
papers, secular  and  religious.     His  chief  publica- 


WILLARD 


1245 


WILLET 


tions  are  "  The  Dance  of  Modern  Society,"  1869  ; 
"A  Free  Lance  in  the  Field  of  Letters,"  1874; 
"Foreshadowing"  and  "Enticed,''  poems  of  much 
real  merit. 

Willard,  Rev.  Benjamill,  was  born  in  Lancas- 
ter, Mass.,  in  ITSii,  and  joined  the  Baptist  chiirch 
in  Harvard  in  1800,  by  wliich  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel  in  1818.  His  labors  were  greatly 
l>Ie.ssed  to  the  conversion  of  souls  in  Littleton,  and 
were  attended  with  much  fruit  in  his  missionary 
tours  in  Xortliern  New  England  and  Canada,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mission- 
ary Society.  He  spent  the  winter  of  1822-23  in 
Northampton,  Mass.,  and  under  his  ministry  a 
church  was  gathered  in  that  beautiful  village, 
made  so  menmralile  as  having  been  the  home  of 
the  celebrated  .Jonathan  Edwards.  Mr.  Willard 
was  ordained  Nov.  12,  1S23.  It  was  not  until 
July  20,  1826,  that  the  church  to  which  he  minis- 
tered was  publicly  recognized.  By  his  own  per- 
.sonal  application,  in  a  large  degree,  the  means  for 
the  erection  of  a  meeting-house  were  procured,  and 
the  edifice  was  dedicated  July  8,  1S2'.I.  He  con- 
tinued to  act  as  pastor  of  the  cliurch  until  1838, 
when  he  resigned.  For  several  years  he  labored 
as  an  evangelist  in  Vermont,  among  the  feeble 
churches  of  that  State.  He  died  at  Ilolyoke, 
Mass.,  Dec.  2,  ISiVJ. 

Willard,  Rev,  Chas,  M.,  was  bom  at  Saxton's 
Kiver,  Vt.,  Aug.  27,  181.5:  baptized  at  Grafton, 
1834;  ordained,  in  1841,  at  Drewsville,  N.  II. 
His  preparatory  studies  at  Hamilton  Institution, 
now  Madison  University,  were  interrupted  by  ill 
health,  but  he  had  been  a  pupil  of  his  brother, 
Kev.  Erastus  Willard,  and  studied  theology  with 
Uev.  Isaac  M.  Willmarth,  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  II. 
He  was  an  earnest,  useful,  and  successful  p.istor 
at  Drewsville,  N.  II.,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  Fitzwil- 
liam,  N.  IL,  Still  River,  M.ass.,  Eastport,  Me., 
Littleton,  Mass.,  and  First  Suffield,  Conn.  He  died 
in  1877. 

Willard,  Rev.  Erastus,  of  Baptist  ancestry, 
was  born  in  Lancaster,  Mass.,  July  4,  1800;  went 
in  boyhood  with  his  parents  to  Vermont ;  baptized 
in  1820,  at  Saxton's  River,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Elliott, 
with  whom  he  fitted  for  college:  was  graduated  at 
'NVaterville  College  (now  Colby  University)  in  1829; 
studied  at  Newton  Theological  Institution  :  ordained 
pastor  at  Grafton,  Vt.,  Oct.  30,  1833;  appointed  to 
the  French  mission  in  183.i,  where  he  continued 
till  1856  (see  article  Mission-  to  Fr.\nce)  ;  served 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  as  missionary 
to  the  Ottawas,  in  Kansas,  18.57-60;  after  two 
brief  pastcnitcs  he  settled,  in  March,  IS6.5,  with 
the  First  Salem  (Shushan)  church,  N.  Y..  where 
he  did  a  good  work  until  his  health  utterly  failed, 
in  1871.  He  died  December  29,  at  Newport, 
R.  I. 


His  great  work  was  in  France,  as  superintendent 
of  the  mission  and  theological  instructor.  In  these 
he  showed  much  practical  wisdom,  patience,  and 
energy.  His  long  residence  abroad  and  his  re- 
tiring disposition  prevented  him  from  being  widely 
known  ;  but  his  influence  over  his  students  and 
others  was  that  of  a  master-mind,  and  those  who 
knew  him  well  counted  him  among  our  very  fore- 
most men.  Of  commanding  ability  as  a  thinker,  a 
linguist,  and  a  theologian,  acute,  original,  self-re- 
liant, he  was  an  indefatigable  student  of  the  Word 
of  God  in  the  original  languages.  Holding  tena- 
ciously the  faith  once  delivered,  including  strict 
Baptist  principles,  in  interpreting  Scripture  he 
called  no  man  master,  but  he  bowed  reverently  to 
the  supreme  authority  of  inspiration.  He  was  an 
excellent  preacher,  delighting  especially  in  Biblical 
exposition,  and  an  interested  student  of  physical 
science.  A  decided  and  positive  man,  he  was  en- 
dowed with  genial  wit  and  poetic  fancy.  His  re- 
ligious character  was  pure,  firm,  and  uniform.  He 
wrote  much  and  carefully,  in  a  style  of  great  force 
and  beauty.  It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  he 
published  nothing. 

Willet,  Prof.  Joseph  Edgerton,  of  Mercer 
University,  Ga.,  was  born  in  Macon,  Ga.,  Nov.  17, 
1826.  His  early  education  was  obtained  in  the 
schools  of  Macon  and  Marshallville,  Ga.  lie  en- 
tered the  Junior  class  of  Mercer  University  in 
1844,  and  graduated  in  1846.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  Adjunct  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy 
and  Chemistry,  and  entered  at  once  upon  his  du- 
ties, but  soon  found  it  necessary  that  he  should  ob- 
tain a  more  thorough  preparation  elsewhere.  He 
accordingly  entered  the  analytical  laboratory  of 
Yale  College,  and  engaged  in  daily  work  in  ana- 
lytical chemistry.  He  returned  in  1849,  and  im- 
mediately resumed  the  care  of  his  classes,  and  for 
fifteen  or  twenty  years  afterwards  was  probably 
the  only  teacher  in  Georgia  who  could  perform  a 
chemical  an.alysis.  Since  that  time  he  has  been 
faithfully  and  exclusively  engaged  in  teaching 
natural  science  in  Mercer  University,  occupying 
an  enviable  position  among  the  educators  of  the 
whole  country  in  the  department  of  natural  sci- 
ence. He  was  made  full  Professor  of  Natural 
Science  in  1848,  a  position  he  still  holds.  Prof. 
Willet  is  amiable  and  benevolent,  with  a  devout 
spirit.  His  fine  iinalytical  mind  has  made  him 
unsurpassed  as  a  professor  of  chemistry  and  the 
natural  sciences.  He  possesses  generous  culture 
and  refined  tastes  outside  of  his  profession.  In 
1S69  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
offered  a  prize  of  $.500  for  the  best  small  book  on 
science  for  Sunday-school  libraries,  and  he  bore 
off  the  prize  with  a  capital  little  volume  entitled 
"  The  Wonders  of  Insect  Life."  He  has  also  pub- 
lished  in   the  American  Journal  of  Science  and 


WTLLETT 


124fi 


WILLIA.V  JEWELL 


other  papers  viiliuiblfi  scientiBc  articles,  ami  when 
the  subject  of  the  "  uniticiition  of  the  Georgia  col- 
leges"' was  mooted  in  the  State,  some  years  ago, 
lie  published  a  couple  of  articles  which  gave  the 
whole  subject  a  permanent  quietus.  His  acquaint- 
ance with  agricultural  science  led  tn  his  delivery 
of  lectures  before  the  State  Agricultural  and  Ilor- 
lioultural  Societies  at  Macon,  Gainesville,  anil 
•Jonesborough,  besides  which  he,  in  1879,  delivereil 
a  course  of  six  lectures  on  "  Science  and  Religion'' 
before  the  Wesleyan  Female  College,  at  Macon, 
(Ja.  During  the  war  he  was  employed  by  the 
Confederate  government  to  superintend  the  manu- 


verted  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  and  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Asa  Brunson  ;  united  with  the  Baptist 
Church  ;  in  June,  1H3S,  was  licensed  by  the  South 
Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  Conn. ;  in  same  year, 
November  21,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Bapti.--t 
church  in  Tariffville ;  after-settlements,  in  South- 
wick,  Mass.  ;  in  l!<4j  in  Central  Baptist  eburcli. 
Thompson,  Conn.  ;  in  1849  in  First  Baptist  church. 
New  London  ;  in  1854  in  Putnam  ;  in  18.07,  in  La 
Crosse,  Wis. ;  in  1863  in  Union  church,  Minneap- 
olis, Minn. ;  in  1864  returned  to  Putnam,  Conn. ; 
in  1873  preached  in  Danielsonville,  and  organized 
the  Baptist  church  ;  in  1875  in  First  Baptist  church 


WILLIAM    JEWELL    fOLLECE. 


facture  of  all  kinds  of  ammunition,  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  laboratory  at  Atlanta,  and  since  the 
war  he  has  for  three  or  four  years,  during  vaca- 
tion, served  on  the  United  States  Commission  to 
investigate  the  habits,  nature,  and  ravages  of  the 
cotton  caterpillar,  so  injurious  to  the  great  South- 
ern staple. 

As  a  professor,  he  is  greatly  beloved  by  the  stu- 
dents, over  whom  he  maintains  a  firm  sway  as  a 
disciplinarian. 

Willett,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Hanson 
(then  West  Pembroke),  Mass.,  Oct.  21,  1809;  fa- 
vored with  pious  parents  (Congregationalists), 
who  sprinkled  him  in  his  infancy  ;  was  a  student 
throughout  life ;  fell  into  Universalisin  ;  was  con- 


in  Suffield ;  served  as  pastor  thirty-nine  out  of 
forty-one  years ;  preached  above  .5000  sermons ; 
baptized  about  500  persons ;  solid  preacher  and 
wise  counselor. 

William  Jewell  College  was  projected  in  1836. 
and  founded  in  1849,  when  a  handsome  endowment 
was  subscribed,  a  liberal  charter  obtained,  and  the 
college  located  at  Liberty,  Clay  Co.,  Mo.  It  was 
named  in  honor  of  its  princip.il  benefactor.  Dr. 
William  Jewell.  It  was  opened  in  1852,  and  took 
possession  of  its  new  building  in  1854. 

In  1868,  through  the  agency  of  Thos.  Raiii- 
baut,  LL.D.,  ?40,000  were  raised  to  establish  the 
.Jeremiah  Vardeman  School  of  Theology.  The 
grounds  and  buildings  of  the  college  are  valued  at 


WILLIAMS 


1247 


WILLIAMS 


$75,000,  and  the  endowment  at  §100,000.  L.  B. 
Ely,  the  financial  agent,  has  freed  the  college  from 
debt,  and  aims  to  secure  $250,(X30  of  an  endow- 
ment. One  hundred  and  fifty  young  men,  on  an 
average,  attended  the  college  during  the  past  ten 
years,  and  the  School  of  Theology  in  the  same 
time  matriculated  two  hundred.  The  college  con- 
templates seven  endowed  professorships,  besides 
the  School  of  Theology  and  any  professional  schools 
which  may  hereafter  be  added. 

Instruction  is  now  given  by  five  professors  and 
three  tutors.  There  is  a  complete  chemical  and 
philosophical  apparatus,  and  4000  volumes  as  the 
beginning  of  a  library.  The  presidents  have  been 
E.  S.  Dulin,  D.D.,  Rev.  R.  S.  Thomas,  A.M.,  W. 
Thompson,  D.D.,  Rev.  Thomas  Rambaut,  LL.D., 
and  since  1874,  W.  R.  Rothwell,  D.D.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  are  W.  R.  Rothwell,  D.D.,  Prof. 
J.  R.  Eaton,  Ph.D.,  -J.  G.  Clark,  R.  B.  Semple ; 
A.  J.  Semple  is  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment. 

The  college  is  near  Kansas  City  ;  it  is  the  oldest 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  its  prospects  are 
brighter  than  ever. 

Williams,  Rev.  Alvin  P.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.,  March  13,  1813.  Ilis  father 
was  a  Baptist  minister.  He  was  converted  at  six- 
teen, and  at  seventeen  was  ordained,  his  father  as- 
sisting in  the  service.  lie  gained  a  knowledge  of 
the  languages,  and  studied  the  Bible  in  its  original 
tongues.  He  labored  with  great  zeal  as  an  evan- 
gelist, lie  was  pastor  at  Lexington,  Richmond,  St. 
Joseph,  Miami,  Bethel,  Rehoboth,  Good  Hope,  and 
Glasgow.  He  died  Nov.  9,  1868,  at  Glasgow.  He 
had  great  natural  gifts  and  unusual  attainments. 
As  a  preacher  and  expounder  of  the  gospel  he 
occupied  a  prominent  position.  His  knowledge  of 
the  Scriptures  was  astonishing,  and  his  logic  was 
masterly  and  convincing.  His  sermons,  exposi- 
tions, and  essays  before  the  Association,  and  on 
various  occasions,  for  twenty-five  years,  mark  him 
as  a  man  of  extraordinary  ability,  a  second  Andrew 
Fuller.  Dr.  Williams  was  wholly  given  to  study, 
to  preaching,  and  to  pastoral  work,  and  it  is  esti- 
luated  that  over  3000  persons  were  converted  under 
his  ministry.  He  possessed  a  remarkable  memory. 
It  has  been  said  that  if  the  New  Testament  had 
been  blotted  out  he  could  have  reproduced  it.  He 
was  unostentatious,  cheerful,  and  kind-hearted. 
He  could  express  his  convictions  with  boldness. 
He  was  a  man  of  faith  and  sincere  piety.  His 
death  moved  every  Baptist  heart  in  Missouri.  They 
mourned  the  loss  of  an  author  whose  review  of 
Campbellism  is  unanswerable,  and  whose  printed 
works  on  communion  and  baptism  are  clear,  in- 
structive, and  scholarly.  They  felt  that  a  father 
and  leader  in  our  Zion  had  fallen, — a  prince  in 
Israel.     Though  dead,  he  still  lives  in  the  memory 


of  all  who  knew  him,  and  his  name  will  be  hon- 
ored by  coming  generations. 

Williams,  Rev.  Granville  S.,  was  bom  Sept. 
30,  1847,  in  Decatur  Co.,  Tenn.  He  received  his 
academic  education  in  Decaturville,  Lexington,  and 
Mifflin.  He  pursued  his  collegiate  course  at  Bethel 
College,  Ky.,  and  at  Union  University,  Tenn.  He 
graduated  in  June,  1873,  profes.sed  conversion  at 
Lexington,  Tenn.,  in  1866,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  D.  B.  Ray,  then  the  pastor  at  Lexington.  lie 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Hickory  Grove 
church  in  May,  1857.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
church  in  Murfrecsborough,  Tenn.,  in  October, 
1871,  the  Presbytery  consisting  of  Rev.  Charles 
Manly,  D.D.,  Rev.  Wm.  Shelton,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  T. 
T.  Eaton.  He  was  first  called  to  preside  over  the 
Court  Street  Baptist  church,  Bowling  Green,  Ky., 
in  September,  1873,  and  was  there  nearly  five  years. 
Then  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Central  Baptist 
church,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  I,  1878,  where  he  is 
still  laboring.  Though  young,  he  is  greatly  beloved 
by  his  charge.  His  talents  are  of  a  high  order. 
Mr.  AV'illiams  is  active  in  all  our  ecclesiastical 
gatherings,  and  a  warm  supporter  of  the  Tennessee 
Baptist  Convention. 

Williams,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Hanover 
Co.,  Va.,  in  the  year  1747.  From  his  parents  he 
received  a  liberal  education.  In  1769  he  was 
sheriff  of  Lunenburg  County.  At  this  period  the 
Lord  was  pleased  to  call  him  into  the  kingdom 
of  his  grace.  Six  months  after  his  conversion  he 
was  baptized,  and  immediately  after  he  began  to 
tell  the  story  of  the  Cross  to  the  perishing.  In 
1771  the  converts  given  to  him  by  the  Lord  were 
sufficient  to  form  a  church  in  Lunenburg  County, 
called  the  Meherrin  church.  This  community  in  a 
few  years  grew  into  six  or  seven  churches.  In 
1785  he  became  pastor  of  Sandy  Creek  church, 
Charlotte  Co.     He  never  sundered  this  tie. 

Mr.  Williams  was  a  great  friend  of  religious 
liberty  and  of  education.  He  was  much  interested 
in  the  history  of  the  Virginia  Baptists;  he  had  an 
extensive  acquaintance  with  Christian  literature; 
his  manners  were  polished,  and  his  spirit  fraternal ; 
his  talents  were  of  a  high  order.  He  was  very 
successful  in  building  up  the  churches,  as  well  as 
in  winning  souls  to  -Tcsus. 

Williams,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Wales, 
March  8,  1767,  and  died  in  New  York,  May  25, 
1825.  His  father's  name  was  William  Roberts, 
this  son,  according  to  Welsh  custom,  taking  the 
first  name  of  his  father  as  his  surname.  He  was 
educated  by  his  parents  for  the  ministry  of  the  Es- 
tablished Church,  but  he  preferred  some  other  pro- 
fession, and  went  to  Carnarvon  to  learn  a  trade. 
While  there,  under  the  preaching  of  a  Calvinistic 
Methodist  he  was  converted,  and  joined  the  Inde- 
pendent church.     He  then  resolved  to  devote  him- 


WILLIAMS 


1248 


WILLIAMS 


self  to  the  ministi'v,  and  commenocJ  to  nddrcss 
Cliristiiin  assemblies  in  various  places.  At  that 
time  lie  entered  upon  a  prayerful  investigation  of 
the  suliiect  of  baptism,  and  soon  after  united  with 
the  Ilorcb  Baptist  church  of  Garn,  and  in  a  little 
time  became  its  pastor,  lie  formed  the  ucquaint- 
ance  of  Christmas  lOvans,  and  traveled  and  preached 
vfith  him  in  many  (daces  throughout  the  principal- 
ity. In  IT'JJ  he  came  to  America,  intending  to 
labor  among  his  countrymen,  and  he  pi'eached 
to  them  in  Rev.  John  Stanford's  church,  in  Fair 
(now  Fulton)  Street,  also  in  the  Baptist  church  in 
Fayette  (now  Oliver)  Street,  New  York.  lie  soon 
mastered  the  English  language,  and  was  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  Oliver  Street  church.  It  had  but 
forty  members  when  he  took  charge  of  it,  and  its 
place  of  worship  was  but  thirty  feet  square.  The 
young  Welsh  preacher  soon  filled  it.  It  was  en- 
larged, and  was  still  too  strait  for  the  crowds  who 
desired  to  attend.  Then  a  eapucious  and  attractive 
stone  edifice  was  built,  and  the  successful  career 
of  that  historic  church  was  commenced.  In  1823 
his  health  failed,  and  Rev.  Spencer  II.  Cone  was 
chosen  associate  pastor.  A  son  of  his,  William  R. 
Williams,  D.D.,  the  distinguished  scholar  and  au- 
thor, is  pastorof  Amity  Street  church  in  New  York. 
Williams,  Rev.  John  G.,  was  born  in  Colleton 
Co.,  S.  C,  and  graduated  at  Furinan  University. 
He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  Black  Swamp  church, 
in  Beaufort,  now  Hampton,  County.  His  early 
ministry  was  distinguished  by  careful  preparation 
and  earnest  delivery.  He  was  never  "a  good 
hater,"  but  a  warmer  friend  never  lived.  His 
friendship  produces  a  reciprocity  in  those  on  whom 
it  is  bestowed.  His  mere  presence  brings  cheer- 
fulness. 

His  ministry  has  been  wholly  with  country  and 
village  churches,  and  when  a  friend  lately  proposed 
to  try  to  get  a  city  church  to  call  him,  he  positively 
declined  to  allow  his  name  to  be  used. 

Mr.  AVilliams  is  one  of  the  ablest,  most  popular, 
and  successful  preachers  in  the  State.  He  has  for 
many  years  preached  to  the  Springtown  and  Black- 
ville  churches.  He  found  the  latter  quite  dilapi- 
dated, but  under  his  ministry  its  growth  has  fully 
equaled  that  of  the  very  flourishing  village  in  which 
it  is  situated.  lie  is  also  preaching  at  a  new 
church,  George's  Creek.  All  three  are  in  Barn- 
well County.  Not  one  of  them  would  exchange 
him  for  Spurgeon. 

Williams,  Rev.  J.  P.,  was  bom  in  Virginia, 
March  11),  lS2('i,  and  removed  to  Hannibal,  Mo.,  in 
1S3G,  and  was  there  converted  and  baptized  when 
a  youth.  He  graduated  from  Georgetown  College, 
Ky.,  in  1853,  and  taught  in  Maysville  Seminary 
one  year,  and  in  the  Baptist  college  at  Palmyra, 
Mo.,  was  Professor  of  Natural  Science  for  a  year. 
In  1858  he  conducted  the  Louisiana  Seminary  in 


Louisiana,  and  was  pastor  of  the  church  there 
three  years.  In  1861  he  was  president  of  the  Fe- 
male Seminary  in  Columbia,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  that  place  fur  three  years. 

After  the  war  he  returned  to  Louisiana  and  took 
charge  of  the  seminary  and  church  there  until 
IST'J. 

He  has  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary  and  of  William 
Jewell  College,  and  for  years  clerk  of  the  General 
Association  of  Missouri.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  man 
of  ability  and  attainments,  and  a  zealous  Christian 
worker.  He  is  highly  esteemed  in  the  State  of 
Missouri.  He  is  now  connected  with  the  Central 
Bcijitht,  of  St.  Li  mis. 

Williams,  J.  W.  M.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Ports- 
mouth, A'a.,  April  7,  1S20,  and  resided  there  until 


J.  W.  M.  WILLIAMS.  D.D. 

1838,  when,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  entered  the 
Virginia  Ba)itist  Seminary.  In  1840  he  joined  an 
advanced  class  in  the  Columbian  College,  Washing- 
ton, 1).  C,  and  graduated  in  1843.  He  at  once  en- 
tered Newton  Theological  Seminary,  Mass.,  and 
completed  his  course  in  1H45.  For  several  years 
he  was  engaged  in  preaching  in  the  towns  of 
Smithfielil  and  Jerusalem,  and  also  in  Lynchburg, 
Va.  In  1850.  Dr.  Williams  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Baltimore. 
He  preached  his  first  .sermon  in  his  new  field  Jan. 
1.  1850,  and  still  remains  the  useful  and  honored 
pastor  of  the  church,  which  has  so  remarkable  a 
history.  It  was  founded  in  1785 ;  was  rebuilt  in 
1817,  and  again  in  1877,  and  during  the  century 


WILLIAMS 


1249 


WILLIAMS 


of  its  existPnco  lias  liiul  liiit  five  pastors:  th(!  Kev. 
Lewis  llicliaids,  from  17.S5  to  1S18;  the  Ilev.  Ed- 
mund J.  Reese,  from  1810  to  1818  aa  associate  pas- 
tor, and  pastor  from  1818  to  1821  ;  the  Rev.  John 
Finlay,  from  1821  to  1834;  the  Rev.  Stephen  P. 
Hill,  D.D.,  from  1834  to  1850;  and  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Williams,  from  IS')!)  to  the  present  time.  Among 
iis  memliers  have  licen  the  Wilsons.  .Speneer  II. 
<'one,  IJartholiimew  '1'.  Welsh,  Prof.  Ilackett,  Dr.  F. 
Wilson,  Dr.  B.  Griffith,  and  numerous  others  well 
known  to  the  denomination.  Dr.  Williams  is  a 
popular  pastor  and  a  fresh  and  vigorous  preacher. 
For  fifteen  years  after  he  lieeame  pastor  of  the 
First  church  he  was  the  superintendent  of  its 
Sunday-school,  and  still  gives  it  his  valuable  coun- 
sel and  frequent  presence.  Dr.  Williams  is  also 
president  of  the  Maryland  Tract  Society,  having 
succeeded  Dr.  Johns,  a  few  years  since,  in  that 
office.  He  is  also  an  overseer  of  the  Columbian 
University,  from  which,  in  INfJl"),  he  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Williams's  incessant 
pastoral  labors  have  prevented  him  from  adding 
much  to  the  literature  of  the  denomination,  but 
several  of  his  sermons  have  been  published,  and 
he  is  an  occasional  contributor  to  the  religious 
papers. 

■Williams,  Rev.  Lewis,  was  Ijorn,  in  May, 
1784,  in  North  Carolina.  In  1795  his  father  came 
to  Missouri.  Mr.  Williams  was  converted  in  1810, 
and  in  two  years  he  became  a  preacher.  His  son. 
Dr.  A.  P.  Williams,  said  that  he  knew  Fuller's 
works  by  heart.  Hundreds  were  brought  to  Christ 
through  his  instrumentality.  Men  in  St.  Louis, 
Franklin,  and  a<ijoining  counties  came  twenty 
miles  to  hear  him  preach.  Daniel  Boone  loved  to 
listen  to  his  sermons.  He  spent  many  days  and 
nights  with  him,  and  baptized  some  of  his  family. 
His  son,  A.  P.,  was  converted  under  his  preaching, 
and  he  assisted  at  his  ordination.  He  formed  the 
Franklin  Association,  and  nearly  all  its  members 
were  baptized  by  him. 

In  1832  the  Home  Mission  Society  employed 
him.  In  1837  he  i-emoved  to  Gasconade  County, 
when  Home  i\Iission  aid  failed  him.  He  died  in 
St.  Louis,  and  his  body  rests  in  the  burial-ground 
of  the  old  church  he  first  joined,  at  Fee  Fee  Creek. 
A  monument  marks  the  spot. 

Williams,  Rev.  Moses  C,  was  for  many  years 
identified  with  Grand  Cane  Association,  La.,  as  one 
of  its  most  prominent  and  devoted  ministers;  burn 
in  Georgia;  came  to  Liiuisiana,  and  settled  near 
.Mansfield,  De  Soto  Parish,  about  1852.  His  influ- 
ence w  ill  long  be  felt  in  the  part  of  the  State  where 
he  labored.      He  died  in  18f.3. 

Williams,  Nathaniel  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Salem,  Mass.,  Nov.  13,  IS  13.  He  (lursued  his  col- 
lege studies  partly  at  Waterville  and  partly  at 
Washington,  D.  C.     He  was  a  graduate  of  Colum- 


bian College  in  the  class  of  1837,  and  took  a 
two  year.s'  course  of  theological  study  at  Newton. 
He  was  ordained  -Ian.  29,  1840,  and  was  pastor 
of  the  church  in  New  Sharon,  Me.,  1840-42.  The 
next  four  years  of  his  ministry  were  spent  in 
Farmington,  Me.  From  this  place  he  removed 
to  Saco,  where  he  remained  six  years,  when  he 
resigned,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Som- 
erville,  Mass.,  holding  the  office  nine  years.  His 
next  pastorate  of  four  years  was  at  Ellsworth, 
Me.,  followed  by  two  settlements  of  three  years 
each  in  Pcabody  and  Methuen,  Mass.  In  1871  he 
accepted  a  call  to  Wickford,  R.  I.,  which  position 
he  held  until  recently,  when  he  resigned  and  re- 
moved to  Lowell,  Mass.,  where  at  present  he 
resides. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Mr.  Williams  by  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1871. 

Williams,  Rev.  Nathaniel  W.,  was  bom  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  .Vug.  2-t,  17^4.  His  I'arly  associations 
were  with  the  Unitarians.  He  entered  the  count- 
ing-room of  an  uncle,  and  by  him  was  sent  to  India 
as  a  supercargo  of  one  of  his  ships  trading  with 
(\ileutta.  He  made  the  acquaintance  in  C.ilcutta 
ipf  the  eminent  English  missionaries  Carey,  Ward, 
and  Marshman.  His  religious  convictions  ex- 
tended on  through  many  years.  At  last  he  was 
brought  to  submit  to  an  atoning  Saviour,  and  re- 
nounced what  he  ever  afterw.ards  regarded  as  the 
erroneous  system  in  which,  in  his  early  days,  he 
had  been  educated.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Lu- 
cius Bolles,  and  received  as  a  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Salem,  June  5,  1808,  of  which 
church  he  was  not  long  afterwards  appointed  a 
deacon.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  -July  31,  1812. 
Abandoning  a  lucrative  business  that  he  might 
give  himself  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
lie  was  ordained  at  Beverly,  Aug.  14,  1810.  There 
he  remained  nearly  nine  years.  His  next  pastor- 
ate, which  was  a  brief  one,  was  in  Windsor,  Vt., 
succeeded  by  a  five  years'  ministry  in  Concord, 
N.  II.,  from  which  place  he  removed  to  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  where  he  spent  five  years,  and  then,  in 
|.S3(),  he  returned  to  his  former  charge  in  Beverly. 
His  last  pastorates,  which  were  only  a  year  or  two 
in  each  place,  were  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  and  Au- 
gusta, Me.  He  retired  from  pastoral  work  in  184ti, 
and  made  a  home  with  his  son.  Rev.  N.  M.  Wil- 
liams, of  Saco,  Me.  In  1852  he  went  to  Boston, 
and,  with  bis  wife,  joined  the  Rowe  Street  church, 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Dr.  Stow.  W'hile  living 
in  Boston  he  preached  nearly  every  Sabbath,  and 
to  the  last  continued  his  habits  of  study  and  the 
preparation  of  new  sermons,  lie  was  a  diligent 
student,  and  such  was  his  reputation  in  this  re- 
spect that  Brown  University  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of   Master  of   Arts   in    1824.     In   1820  he 


WILLIAMS 


1250 


WILLIAMS 


was  a  member  of  the  convention  chosen  to  revise 
the  constitution  of  the  State  of  Miissiichusetts. 
'■  where,''  says  Dr.  Stow,  '"  he  distinmiislied  liini- 
self,  and  won  jjeneral  favor  by  liis  calmness,  intel- 
ligence, and  dignity  in  debate.  It  has  been  con- 
ceded that  he  and  Dr.  Baldwin  contributed  largely 
to  those  modifications  which  secured  ei{ual  rights 
of  conscience  in  relijrious  matters  to  all  the  citi- 
zens of  this  Commonwealth." 

Mr.  Williams  died  in  Boston,  May  27,  1853. 

Williams,  Rev.  0.  A.,  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  Dolbenmaen,  Carnarvonshire,  Wales,  March  25, 
1837;  baptized  Nov.  20,  1850;  emigrated  to 
America,  May  7,  1857  ;  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Stanton  Street  Baptist  church.  New  York,  Sept.  30, 
1859  ;  graduated  at  Madison  University  in  1863, 
and  from  the  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1865  ;  ordained  as  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  in  October,  18()5.  Failing 
health  compelled  him  to  resign  the  charge  of  the 
church  in  Mount  Vernon,  June  I,  1874.  Since 
May  1,  1865,  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Nebraska  City,  Neb.,  and  he  is  deeply 
interested  in  the  work  of  laying  the  proper  foun- 
dations of  the  Baptist  denomination  throughout 
the  State. 

Williams,  Roger,  the  founder  of  Khode  Island, 
and  the  great  apostle  of  civil  and  religious  free- 
dom, was  born  of  Welsh  parentage  in  the  year 
1599.  Concerning  the  place  of  his  birth  history  is 
silent.  Recent  investigations  lead  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  it  was  in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  Eng- 
land, where  the  Cornish  tongue,  a  Celtic  dialect 
now  extinct,  was  then  prevalent.  It  is  certain 
from  the  records  that  "  Roger  Williams,"  a  son  of 
"William  Williams,  gentleman,"  was  "baptized 
on  the  24th  of  July.  1600,"  in  the  parish  church 
of  Guinear.  No  direct  allusion  to  the  parents  of 
Roger  has  thus  far  been  found  in  any  of  his  pub- 
lished writings ;  a  brief  statement  respecting  his 
early  years  has,  however,  been  placed  on  record. 
In  the  last  of  his  works,  "George  Fox  digg'd  out 
of  his  Burrowes,''  dated  in  the  "  epistle  dedica- 
tory," March  10,  1673,  he  says,  "  From  my  child- 
hood, now  about  threescore  yeai-s,  the  Father  of 
lights  and  mercies  touched  my  soul  with  a  love  to 
himself,  to  his  only  begotten,  the  true  Lord  Jesus, 
and  to  his  holy  Scriptures."  In  a  letter  to  Win- 
throp,  written  in  1632,  he  further  states  that  he 
had  been  "  persecuted  in  and  out  of  his  father's 
house  these  twenty  years."  His  early  conversion, 
his  belief  in  the  divinity  of  Christ,  and  his  attach- 
ment to  the  Word  as  a  sufficient  rule  and  guide 
in  all  religious  matters,  are  here  clearly  and  dis- 
tinctly outlined.  His  connection  with  the  Puritans 
accounts  for  the  opposition  of  his  father,  and  per- 
haps for  his  removal  to  London,  where  his  promis- 
ing talents,  and  especially  his  remarkable  skill  as 


a  reporter,  gained  him  the  favorable  notice  of  Sir 
Edward  Coke,  the  first  lawyer  of  his  age.  He,  ac- 
cording to  the  statement  of  Mrs.  Sadleir,  his  daugh- 
ter, sent  him  to  Sutton's  Hospital,  a  magnificent 
school  of  learning  now  called  the  Charter  House. 
It  was  a  propitious  circumstance  that  thus  m.ade 
the  author  of  the  "  Bill  of  Rights"  and  the  great 
"  Defender  of  the  Commons"  a  benefactor  of  the 
youth  destined  to  become  the  advocate  of  free 
principles  in  the  New  World.  Upon  the  comple- 
tion of  his  preparatory  studies,  young  Williams 
was  admitted  to  Cambridge  University,  where 
Coke  himself  had  been  educated,  and  where  liberal 
and  Puritan  sentiments  have  always  found  a  more 
congenial  home  than  at  Oxford.  He  was  nmtricu- 
lated  a  pensioner  of  Pembroke  College,  July  7, 
1625,  and  in  January,  1627,  he  took  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  The  evidence  of  this,  as  stated 
by  Arnold,  in  his  el.aborate  "  History  of  Rhode 
Island."  may  be  seen  in  the  original  records,  which  , 
the  writer  has  recently  been  pei-mitted  to  examine, 
through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Bradshaw,  librarian 
of  the  university.  Under  the  guidance  of  his 
illustrious  patron  Mr.  Williams  now  commenced 
the  study  of  law.  The  providence  of  God  may 
here  be  seen,  in  thus  leading  his  mind  to  an 
acquaintance  with  those  principles  which  were  to 
be  so  useful  to  him  in  after-life  as  the  legislator  of 
an  infant  colony.  He  soon,  however,  relinquished 
this  pursuit  and  entered  upon  the  study  of  theol- 
ogy, a  study  which,  to  a  mind  and  heart  like  his, 
possessed  superior  attractions.  He  was  admitted 
to  orders  in  the  Established  Church,  and  assumed, 
it  is  said,  the  charge  of  a  parish,  probably  in  the 
diocese  of  the  excellent  Bishop  AVilliams,  who,  it 
is  well  known,  winked  at  the  Nonconformists,  and 
spoke  with  keenness  against  some  of  the  ceremo- 
nies inaugurated  by  King  .James  and  his  advisers. 
It  was  during  this  period  that  the  young  clergy- 
man became  acquainted  with  many  of  the  leading 
emigrants  to  America,  including  his  famous  oppo- 
nent in  after-years,  John  Cotton.  He  appears, 
even  then,  to  have  been  very  decided  in  his  oppo- 
sition to  the  liturgy  and  hierarchy  of  the  church, 
as  expounded  and  enforced  by  Laud,  to  escape 
from  whose  tyranny  he  finally  fled  to  the  new 
country.  He  embarked  at  Bristol,  in  the  ship 
"  Lyon,'"  and,  after  a  tempestuous  passage  of 
nearly  ten  weeks,  arrived  off  Nantasket,  with  his 
wife,  Mary,  to  whom  he  had  been  but  recently 
married,  on  the  5th  of  February,  1631.  He  was 
now  in  the  thirty-second  year  of  his  age,  and  in 
the  full  maturity  of  his  mental  and  physical 
powers ;  a  devout  and  zealous  Christian,  a  ripe 
scholar,  and  an  accomplished  linguist, — one  who 
was  accustomed  to  read  the  Scriptures  in  their 
original  tongues. 

The  arrival  of  this  "  godly  minister"'  is  duly  re- 


WILLIAMS 


1251 


WILLIAMS 


corded  by  Winthrop,  and  in  a  few  weeks  he  was 
cordially  invited  to  settle  in  Boston  as  a  teacher. 
This  flatterinj;  invitation  he  declined,  because,  as 
he  afterwards  wrote  to  Cotton,  he  ''  durst  not  offici- 
ate to  an  unseparated  people."'  So  impure  did  he 
regard  the  Established  Church  that  he  would  not 
join  with  a  congregation  which,  although  driven 
into  the  wilderness  by  its  persecuting  spirit,  refused 
to  regard  its  hierarchy  and  worldly  ceremonies  as 
portions  of  the  abominations  of  anti-Christ.  Not 
only  was  he  in  theory  and  practice  a  rigid  "  Sepa- 
ratist," but  he  had  already  become  an  advocate  of 
the  great  Baptist  doctrine  of  religious  freedom  in 
matters  of  conscience,  as  set  forth  in  the  "'Confes- 
sion of  Faith,"  published  in  London  in  1611:  "The 
magistrate  is  not  to  meddle  with  religion  or  matters 
of  conscience,  nor  compel  men  to  this  or  that  form 
of  religion,  because  Christ  is  King  and  Lawgiver 
of  church  and  conscience." 

"  The  magistrate,"'  he  taught,  "  might  not  punish 
the  breach  of  the  Sabbath,  nor  any  other  offence, 
as  it  was  a  breach  of  the  first  table."'  Well  might 
the  infant  '"  Plantation,'"  which  in  a  single  year 
from  the  time  when  its  first  session  for  business 
was  held,  Aug.  23,  1630,  had  passed  sentences  of 
exclusion  from  its  territory  upon  fourteen  persons 
of  too  free  carriage  and  speech,  look  askance  upon 
one  whose  opinions  were  so  singularly  at  variance 
with  their  own.  Mr.  AVilliams  accordingly  re- 
moved to  Salem,  and  shortly  afterwards  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  teacher  in  place  of  the  learned 
and  catholic  Iligginson,  who  was  in  feeble  health. 
The  church  with  which  he  thus  became  connected 
was  the  oldest  in  the  "  Company  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Bay,"  having  been  organized  on  the  6th  of 
August,  1629,  "on  principles,"'  says  its  historian, 
Upham,  "of  perfect  and  entire  independence  of 
every  other  ecclesiastical  body."  It  was,  for  this 
re.ison,  eminently  congenial  to  the  independent 
and  fearless  nature  of  Williams.  At  once  the  civil 
authority  interfered  to  prevent  his  settlement,  on 
the  principle  afterwards  established,  that  "  if  any 
church,  one  or  more,  shall  grow  schismatical,  rend- 
ing itself  from  the  communion  of  other  churches, 
or  shall  walk  incorrigibly  and  obstinately  in  any 
corrupt  way  of  their  own,  contrary  to  the  rule  of 
the  Word ;  in  such  case  the  magistrate  is  to  put 
forth  his  coercive  power,  as  the  matter  shall  re- 
quire." The  church  at  Salem  notwithstanding, 
maintained  its  independence,  and  on  the  12th  of 
April,  1631,  received  Mr.  Williams  as  its  minister. 
His  settlement,  however,  was  of  short  continuance. 
Disregarding  the  wishes  and  advice  of  the  magis- 
trates in  calling  him,  the  church  had  incurred  their 
disapprobation  ,and  raised  a  storm  of  persecution, 
so  that,  for  the  sake  of  peace,  Williams  withdrew 
before  the  close  of  summer  and  sought  a  residence 
at  Plymouth,  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachu- 


setts Bay.  Here,  says  Gov.  Bradford,  he  was  cor- 
dially received  and  hospitably  entertained,  having 
the  free  exercise  of  his  gifts  and  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  as  a  member.  He  labored  in  the  ministry 
of  the  Word  faithfully  both  among  the  whites  and 
the  Indians,  the  latter  of  whom  he  visited  in  their 
wigwams,  learning  their  language,  and  becoming 
intimate  with  their  chiefs, — >Liss;isijit  and  Canoni- 
cus.  In  the  autumn  of  1633  he  returned  to  Salem. 
Already  the  principles  of  separ.ition  and  religious 
freedom,  which  he  everywhere  proclaimed,  had 
luade  him  an  object  of  jealousy,  even  among  the 
lil)eral-minded  Pilgrims  of  the  "Mayflower.""  On 
rec[uesting  a  letter  of  dismission  from  the  church, 
we  find  the  elder,  Mr.  Brewster,  persuading  his 
people  to  relinquish  communion  with  him,  lest  he 
should  "run  the  same' course  of  rigid  separation 
and  anabaptistry  which  Mr.  John  Smith,  the  Se- 
Baptist  at  Amsterdam,  had  done."' 

Mr.  Williams  resumed  his  ministerial  duties  as 
an  assistant  to  Mr.  Skelton,  whose  declining  health 
unfitted  him  for  his  work.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr. 
Skelton,  in  August,  1634,  he  was  regularly  or- 
dained as  his  successor,  notwithstanding  the  oppo- 
sition of  the  magistrates.  He  was  highly  popular 
as  a  preacher,  and  the  people  became  stronglj-  at- 
tached to  him  and  to  his  ministry.  Among  his 
hearers  were  not  a  few  of  the  members  of  the 
church  at  Plymouth,  who,  after  ineffectual  attempts 
to  detain  hiiu  there,  had  transferred  their  residence 
to  Salem.  A  part  of  the  house  which  he  owned 
and  occupied  as  a  dwelling  during  the  years  163.^)- 
36  is  still  standing  on  the  western  corner  of  North 
and  Essex  Streets.  The  original  frame-work  of 
the  quaint  structure  in  which  he  preached  is  care- 
fully preserved  as  an  object  of  interest  to  the  his- 
torian and  the  antiquary.  From  the  period  of  his 
final  settlement  at  Salem  may  be  dated  the  begin- 
ning of  the  controversy  with  the  clergy  and  court  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  which  at  length  terminated  in 
his  banishment  from  the  colony.  "  He  was  faith- 
fully and  resolutely  protected,"  snys  Upham,  "by 
the  people  of  Salem,  through  years  of  persecution 
from  without,  and  it  was  only  by  the  persevering 
and  combined  efforts  of  all  the  other  towns  and 
churches  that  his  separation  and  banishment  were 
finally  effected."  ..."  They  adhered  to  him  long 
and  faithfully,  and  sheltered  him  from  all  assaults. 
And  when  at  last  he  was  sentenced  by  the  General 
Court  to  banishment  from  the  colony  on  account  of 
his  principles,  we  cannot  but  admire  the  fidelity  of 
that  friendship  which  prompted  many  of  the  mem- 
bers of  his  congregation  to  accompany  him  in  his 
exile,  and  partake  of  his  fortunes,  when  an  outcast 
upon  the  earth,"  Upon  the  causes  of  his  banish- 
ment we  cannot  here  enlarge.  It  is  contended,  on 
the  one  hand,  that  it  "  was  a  mere  question  of  pol- 
icy, and  not  at  all  of  religious  liberty  -,"  that  his 


WILLIAMS 


1252 


WILLIAMS 


opinions  tended  to  disorder  and  dissension  in  a  gov- 
ernment that  was  theocratic,  and  that  liis  offenses 
were,  therefore,  purely  political  in  their  character. 
Williams,  on  the  contrary,  in  his  famous  contro- 
versy with  Cotton,  contends  that  he  was  banished 
for  cause  of  conscience  ;  in  other  words,  that  he  was 
persecuted  for  his  religious  opinions.  And  in  this 
view  we  fully  and  heartily  concur.  He  was  re- 
garded, indeed,  as  a  disturber  of  the  peace.  And 
so  have  Baptists  in  all  ages  been  regarded  by  the 
advocates  of  a  state  or  national  church.  He  was 
repeatedly  summoned  to  appear  before  the  General 
Court  in  Boston  to  answer  for  his  opinions.  These 
were,  in  brief,  as  they  were  summed  up  by  the  pre- 
Hiding  magistrate,  Gov.  Haynes,  at  his  final  trial  : 
"  First,  that  we  have  not  our  land  by  patent  from 
the  king,  but  that  the  natives  are  the  true  owners 
of  it,  and  that  we  ought  to  repent  of  such  a  re- 
ceiving of  it  by  patent;  secondly,  that  it  is  not 
lawful  to  call  a  wicked  person  to  swear,  or  to  pray, 
as  being  actions  of  God's  worship  ;  thirdly,  that  it 
is  not  lawful  to  hear  any  of  the  parish  assemblies 
in  England;  fourthly,  that  the  civil  magistrate's 
power  extends  only  to  the  bodies  and  goods  and 
outward  state  of  man,"  etc.  "I  acknowledge,'" 
says  Williams,  in  his  controversy,  "  the  particu- 
l.ars  were  rightly  sumn>ed  up,  and  I  also  hope,  as 
I  then  maintained  tlie  rocky  strength  of  them  to 
my  own  and  other  consciences'  satisfaction,  I 
shall  be  ready  for  the  same  grounds,  not  only  to 
be  bound  and  banished,  but  to  die  also  in  New 
England,  a.s  for  most  holy  truths  of  God  in  Christ 
Jesus."  The  act  of  banishment,  as  it  stands  upon 
the  colonial  records,  is  in  these  words  :  "  Whereas, 
Mr.  Roger  Williams,  one  of  the  elders  of  the  church 
of  Salem,  hath  broached  and  divulged  new  and 
dangerous  opinions  against  the  authority  of  magis- 
trates, as  also  writ  letters  of  defamation,  both  of 
the  magistrates  and  churches  here,  and  that  before 
any  cunviction,  and  yet  maintaineth  the  same  with- 
out any  retraction,  it  is  therefore  ordered  that  the 
said  Mr.  William's  shall  depart  out  of  this  jurisdic- 
tion within  six  weeks  now  next  ensuing,  which,  if 
he  neglect  to  perform,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the 
governor  and  two  of  the  magistrates  to  send  him 
to  some  place  out  of  this  jurisdiction,  not  to  return 
any  more  without  license  from  the  court."  This 
remarkable  sentence  was  passed  on  the  9th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1635.  Three  months  later  the  magistrates 
determined  to  arrest  and  send  him  to  England ;  but 
when  Capt.  Underbill,  who  was  commissioned  for 
this  purpose,  arrived  at  Salem  with  his  sloop,  the 
illustrious  exile  had  fled. 

It  was  in  the  middle  of  .January,  the  coldest 
month  of  a  New  England  winter,  that  Williams, 
bidding  adieu  to  wife  and  loved  ones  at  home,  be- 
took himself  to  the  wilderness.  "For  fourteen 
weeks,"  as  he  wrote  thirty-five  years  afterwards  to 


his  friend,  Maj.  Mason,  he  "  was  sorely  tossed," 
'•  not  knowing  what  bread  or  bed  did  mean."'  The 
effects  of  this  exposure  to  the  severity  of  the 
weather  he  continued  to  feel  to  his  latest  days. 
The  late  Hon.  Job  Durfee,  in  his  "'  What  Cheer?" 
has,  with  a  poet's  license,  graphically  described 
some  of  the  scenes  relating  to  this  historic  event. 
He  first  settled  at  Seekonk,  but  in  the  latter  part 
of  June,  as  well  as  can  now  be  ascertained,  he  with 
five  companions  embarked  in  a  canoe,  and  after 
landing  on  "  What  Cheer  Rock,"  rowed  around 
India  Point  and  up  the  Mooshausick  River,  landing 
at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  where  they  commenced  a  settle- 
ment, which,  in  gratitude  to  his  Supreme  deliverer, 
he  gave  the  name  of  Providence.  Other  settlers 
from  Massachusetts  joined  them,  and  at  an  early 
period  they  entered  into  an  agreement  or  compact 
■'only  in  civil  things,"  and  thus  became  a  "  town 
fellowship."  Subsequently  they  became  a  colony, 
under  the  name  of"  Rhode  Island  and  Proviclence 
Plantations,''  with  a  liberal  charter  granted  by 
King  Charles  II.  In  their  address  to  the  throne, 
they  declared  their  purpose  "  to  hold  forth  a  lively 
experiment,  that  a  most  flourishing  civil  state  may 
stand  and  best  be  maintained  with  full  liberty  in 
religious  concernments."  "  Thus  was  founded," 
says  Gervinus,  the  celebrated  German  professor, 
•'a  small,  new  society  in  Rhode  Island,  upon  the 
principles  of  entire  liberty  of  conscience,  and  the 
uncontrolled  power  of  the  majority  in  secular  con- 
cerns." ..."  These  institutions  have  not  only 
maint.ained  themselves  here,  but  have  spread  over 
the  whole  Union.  They  have  superseded  the  aris- 
tocratic commencements  of  Carolina  and  of  New 
York,  the  high-church  party  in  Virginia,  the  theoc- 
racy in  Massachusetts,  and  the  monarchy  through- 
out America;  they  have  given  laws  to  one  quarter 
;  of  the  globe,  and,  dreaded  for  their  moral  influence, 
they  stand  in  the  background  of  every  democratic 
struggle  in  Europe." 

In  the  month  of  March,  1630,  Mr.  Williams, 
whose  tendency  to  Baptist  views  bad  long  been 
apparent,  was  publicly  immersed.  His  mode  of 
planting  the  church,  now  known  as  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Providence,  was  this.  Mr.  Ezekiel 
Holliman,  a  gifted  and  pious  layman,  first  baptized 
Mr.  Williams,  who  in  turn  baptized  Holliman 
'■  and  some  ten  more."  The  names  of  these  twelve 
original  members  are  given  by  Benedict  in  his 
"  History  of  the  Baptists."  Thus  was  founded  what 
is  commonly  regarded  as  the  oldest  Baptist  church 
in  America  ;  a  church  which,  for  nearly  two  and  a 
half  centuries,  has  firmly  held  to  the  great  doc- 
trines of  regeneration,  lieliever's  b.aptism,  and  re- 
ligious liberty  :  and  which,  to-day,  is  looked  upon 
with  veneration  and  filial  pride  by  the  large  and 
flourishing  denomination  it  so  worthily  represents. 

Mr.  Williams  for  some  cause  did  not  long  retain 


WILLIAMS 


1253 


WILLIAMS 


his  connection  with  tlie  cliurch,  havinj;  doubts,  it 
iippciirs,  in  regard  to  the  validity  of  this  proceed- 
ing, in  consequence  of  the  absence  of  a  "  visible 
succession"  of  authorized  administrators  of  the 
rite  of  baptism.  •'  In  a  few  months,"  says  Scott, 
writing  thirty-eight  years  afterwards,  '"  he  broke 
from  the  scjciety  and  declared  at  large  the  grounds 
and  reason  of  it, — that  tlieir  baptism  could  not  bo 
right  Ijecause  it  was  not  administered  by  an  apos- 
tle." Perhaps  the  "  society"  were  lacking  in  effi- 
ciency and  zeal.  It  is  certain  that  for  mure  than 
sixty  years  they  lived  without  a  meeting-house, 
worshiping  in  groves  and  private  dwellings;  that 
they  discarded  singing  and  music  in  public  wor- 
ship; insisted  on  the  imposition  of  hands,  and, 
until  President  Manning's  time,  were  content  with 
an  untrained,  unpaid  ministry.  Mr.  Williams  be- 
came what  in  the  early  history  of  New  England  is 
denominated  a  Seeker  :  a  term,  says  Gammell,  not 
inaptly  applied  to  those  who,  in  any  age  of  the 
church,  are  dissatisfied  with  its  prevailing  creeds 
and  institutions,  and  seek  for  more  congenial  views 
of  truth,  or  a  faith  better  adapted  to  their  spiritual 
wants.  Although  he  soon  terminated  his  ecclesi- 
astical relations,  it  must  not  be  inferred  that  there 
was  ill  feeling  engendered  in  consequence,  or  that 
he  ceased  to  preach  the  gospel.  He  continued  on 
the  terms  of  the  closest  intimacy  and  friendship  ' 
with  his  successor  in  the  ministry,  Chad  Brown, 
and  in  one  of  his  latest  letters,  written  to  Gov, 
Bradstreet,  he  expressed  a  desire  to  have  some  of 
his  sermons  jirintcd.  That  he  did  not  undervalue 
the  benefits  of  Christian  fellowship  is  evident  from 
his  writings.  In  his  reply  to  Geo.  Fox,  written  in 
1670,  he  .says,  "  After  all  my  search,  and  examina- 
tions, and  considerations,  I  said,  I  do  profess  to 
believe  that  some  come  nearer  to  the  first  primitive 
churches,  and  the  institutions  and  appointments 
of  Christ  Jesus,  than  others  ;  as  in  ninny  respects, 
so  in  that  gallant,  and  heavenly,  and  fundamental 
principle  of  the  true  matter  of  a  Christian  congre- 
gation, flock,  or  society,  viz.,  .\ctu.4L  believers?, 

TRUE  DISCIPLES  A.ND  CONVERTS,   LIVING  STONES.  SUl'll 

as  can  give  some  account  how  the  grace  of  God 
hath  appeared  unto  them.''  In  regard  to  what  is 
known  as  the  distinguishing  sentiments  of  Baptists 
at  the  present  day,  viz.,  baptism  by  immersion,  Mr. 
Williams  did  not,  it  appears,  change  his  views. 
In  a  letter  to  Winthrop,  dateil  Sept.  10,  1649,  more 
than  ten  years  after  the  founding  of  the  church  at 
Providence,  he  says,  "  At  Seekonk  a  great  many 
have  lately  concurred  with  Mr.  John  Clarke  and  our 
Providence  men  about  the  point  of  a  new  baptism, 
and  the  manner  by  dipping,  anil  Mr.  Clarke  hath 
been  there  lately,  and  31r.  Luear,  and  hath  dipped 

them.       I    BELIEVE    THEIR     PRACTICE    COMES    NEARER 

the  first  practice  of  ocr  cheat  focxder,  clirist 
Jesus,  than  other  practices  of  religion  do." 


The  limits  of  a  brief  sketch  like  the  present  com- 
pel us  to  pass  rapidly  in  review  the  leading  events 
in  the  further  career  of  this  distinguished  man, 
referring  our  readers  to  the  full  and  authentic  his- 
tory of  Rhode  Island  by  the  late  Samuel  G.  Ar- 
nold, and  to  his  memoirs  by  Knowles,  Ganiincll, 
Underbill,  and  Elton.  His  works,  in  seven  large 
quarto  volumes,  with  a  biographical  introduction 
by  Guild,  recently  published  under  the  auspices  of 
the  "  Narragansett  Club,"  form  his  most  complete 
and  "enduring  monument."  In  164.3  he  sailed  for 
England,  where,  through  the  influence  of  his  per- 
simal  friend.  Sir  Henry  Vane,  he  succeeded  in  pro- 
curing a  charter  for  IJIiode  Island,  bearing  date 
March  14,  1644.  In  1645  he  was  instrumental  in 
making  peace  between  the  Narragansetts  and  the 
Mohegans,  thus  preserving  the  settlements  of  New 
England  a  second  time  from  a  (ii'neral  war.  In 
1051,  in  comjiany  with  his  "loving  friend,"'  Rev. 
.John  Clarke,  of  Newport,  he  embarked  a  second 
time  for  England  to  procure  from  Charles  II.  a 
confirmation  of  the  first  charter.  Returning  in  the 
summer  of  1654,  he  succeeded  in  reorganizing  the 
government  upon  a  permanent  basis,  and  in  Sep- 
tember following  he  was  chosen  president  or  gov- 
ernor. This  position  he  occupied  until  May,  1658, 
when  he  retired  from  the  office.  Concerning  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  we  know  but  little.  lie 
outlived  most  of  his  contemporaries,  dying  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-four,  in  the  full  vigor  of 
his  mental  faculties.  He  was  buried  under  arms, 
"  with  all  the  solemnity,"  says  Callender,  "  the 
colony  was  able  to  show." 

The  name  of  Roger  Williams  has  been  handed 
down  to  us  by  Puritan  writers  loaded  with  re- 
proach, lie  is  described  by  Neal  as  a  rigid  Brown- 
ist,  precise  ami  uncharitable,  and  of  the  most  tur- 
bulent and  boisterous  passions.  But  bis  writings 
refute  the  first  charge,  and  his  conduct,  under  cir- 
cumstances likely  to  arouse  the  gentlest  spirit,  con- 
tradicts the  <<econd.  Gov.  Winthrop,  in  a  letter  to 
him,  says,  "  Sir,  we  have  often  tried  your  patience, 
but  could  never  conquer  it.'  He  sufl"ered  more 
than  most  men  from  the  slanders  of  those  who 
should  have  been  his  friends.  Coddington  accused 
him  "  i>8  a  hireling,  who,  for  the  sake  of  money, 
went  to  England  for  the  charter."'  Harris,  in  the 
long  and  angry  controversy  between  them,  left  no 
means  untried  to  undermine  his  influence  with 
those  for  whom  he  had  supplied  a  home,  when  the 
gates  of  Massachusetts  were  closed  against  them. 
Palfrey,  in  his  elaborate  "  History  of  New  Eng- 
land,"' states  that  his  life,  as  a  whole,  "cannot  be 
called,  in  any  common  use  of  the  terms,  a  success- 
ful one,"  while  "  his  official  life  was  mostly  passed 
in  a  furious  turmoil.''  And  even  the  genial  Pexter, 
in  his  nHcntly-publislied  monograph,  "  As  to 
Roger  Williams.'"    justifies   his   banishment  from 


WILLIAMS 


1254 


WILLIAMS 


Massachusetts,  and  accuses  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion of  cancinizinf;;  him  without  a  due  reiiard  to 
facts.  Ilis  offense,  says  Marsden,  was  tliis, — "  He 
enunciated  and  lived  to  carry  out  the  great  princi- 
ple of  perfect  toleration  amongst  contending  par- 
ties by  whom  it  was  e'qually  abhorred."  But 
posterity  has  rendered  him  justice,  and  the  defender 
of  Baptist  principles,  as  well  as  the  founder  of 
Rhode  Island,  will  l)e  held  in  grateful  and  ever- 
lasting remembrance.  The  historian  Bancroft  pays 
him  a  glowing  tribute  in  his  immortal  work.  After 
seven  pages  of  what  Dexter  is  pleased  to  term 
"  graceful  rlietoric,  in  which  he  adroitly  manages 
to  evade  most  of  the  main  points  at  issue,''  he 
closes  with  these  niemoralile  words  :  "  If  Coperni- 
cus is  held  in  perpetual  reverence,  because  on  his 
death-bed  he  published  to  the  world  that  the  sun 
is  the  centre  of  our  system  ;  if  the  name  of  Kepler 
is  preserved  in  the  annals  of  human  excellence  for 
his  sagacity  in  detecting  the  laws  of  planetary  mo- 
tion ;  if  the  genius  of  Newton  has  been  almost 
adored  for  dissecting  a  ray  of  liglit,  and  weighing 
the  heavenly  bodies  in  a  balance, — let  there  be  for 
the  name  of  Roger  Williams  at  least  some  humble 
place  among  those  who  have  advanced  moral 
science  and  made  themselves  the  benefactors  of 
mankind."  And  Prof  Tyler,  in  his  recent  "  His- 
tory of  American  Literature,"  gives  a  masterly 
analysis  of  the  publications  of  the  "  Narragansett 
Club,"  to  which  we  have  already  referred.  Wil- 
liams, he  says,  in  the  outset,  "  never  in  anything 
addicted  to  concealments,  has  put  himself  without 
reserve  into  his  writings.  There  he  still  remains. 
There,  if  anywhere,  we  may  get  well  acquainted 
with  him.  Searching  for  him  along  the  two  thou- 
sand printed  pages  upon  which  he  has  stamped 
his  own  portrait,  we  seem  to  see  a  very  human  and 
fallible  man,  with  a  large  head,  a  warm  heart,  a 
healthy  body,  an  eloquent  and  imjjrudent  tongue  ; 
not  a  symmetrical  person,  poised,  cool,  accurate, 
circumspect ;  a  man  very  anxious  to  be  genuine 
and  to  get  at  the  truth,  but  impatient  of  slow 
methods,  trusting  gallantly  to  his  own  intuitions, 
easily  deluded  by  his  own  hopes;  an  imaginative, 
sympathetic,  aflluent,  impulsive  man  ;  an  optimist ; 
his  master-passion,  benevolence ;  .  .  .  lovely  in 
his  carriage ;  ...  of  a  hearty  and  sociable  turn  ; 
...  in  truth,  a  clubable  person  ;  a  man  whose  dig- 
nity would  not  have  petrified  us,  nor  his  saintli- 
ness  have  given  us  a  chill ;  ...  in  New  England, 
a  mighty  and  benignant  form,  always  pleading  for 
some  magnanimous  idea,  some  tender  charity,  the 
rectification  of  some  wrong,  the  exercise  of  some 
sort  of  forbearance  towards  men's  bodies  or  souls." 
Williams,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Connells- 
ville,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  5th  of  August,  1802. 
At  the  age  of  twenty,  while  a  student  at  Zanesville, 
O.,  ho  embraced  Christ  by  faith.    Along  with  light 


upon  his  heart  came  the  love  of  souls,  and  in  two 
years  from  his  conversion  he  was  ordained  in 
Somerset  Co.,  Pa.  In  May,  IS27,  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
This  relation  continued  twenty-eight  years,  during 
which  period  six  other  churches  were  organized. 
Leaving  Pittsl)urgh,  he  settled  in  Akron,  ().  Here 
ho  remained  eight  years,  and  then  became  pastor 
in  Springfield.  At  both  these  places  he,  in  connec- 
tion with  his  wife,  conducted  a  female  seminary. 
Two  subsequent  years  were  spent  as  pastor  in  New 
Castle,  Pa.,  and  five  years  more  were  employed 
among  churches  in  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburgh.  His 
present  residence  is  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Williams 
engaged  in  numerous  controversies,  both  orally 
and  in  writing,  in  defense  of  Baptist  doctrine  and 
practice. 

Williams,  Rev.  William,  was  bom  in  Hill- 
town,  Pa.,  in  the  year  1752.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  in  the  school  of  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  in  Hope- 
well, N.  J.,  and  graduated  from  Brown  University, 
with  the  first  class,  in  17('i9.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Charles  Thompson,  Sept.  29,  1771,  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Warren  church,  then  the 
home  of  the  college.  This  church  gave  him  a  li- 
cense to  preach  the  gospel,  which  bears  the  date  of 
April  18,  177.H.  Having  preached  for  two  years  in 
Wrentham,  Mass.,  the  church  extended  to  him  u 
call  to  become  their  pastor,  and  he  was  ordained 
July  3,  1776.  Soon  after  removing  to  Wrentham 
he  opened  a  school,  which  became  celebrated  in 
all  the  section  of  the  country  in  which  he  lived. 
As  near  as  can  bo  ascertained  he  had  not  far  from 
200  youths  under  his  charge,  SO  of  whom  were  fitted 
by  him  to  enter  Brown  University.  In  after-life 
not  a  few  of  these  did  honor  to  him  as  their  early 
preceptor,  in  the  different  professions  and  callings 
in  which  they  spent  their  days.  He  was  about 
seventy-one  years  of  age  when  he  died.  The  event 
occurred  Sept.  22,  1823.  Dr.  Abial  Fisher  says  of 
him,  "His  talents  and  acquirements  were  highly 
respectable.  Ilis  services  as  a  teacher  commanded 
great  respect  not  only  in  but  out  of  his  denoniina- 
tion."  Among  his  pupils  were  the  late  Hon.  David 
R.  Williams,  governor  of  South  Carolina,  and  the 
Hon.  Tristam  Burgess,  LL.D.,  late  Professor  of 
Oratory  and  Belles- Lettres  in  Brown  University. 

Williams,  William,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History,  Cluircli  Government,  and 
Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  was  born  .at  Eatonton,  Putnam  Co., 
(ia.,  March  15,  1821.  He  was  converted  and  united 
with  a  Baptist  church  in  1837,  and  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia  in  1840.  Ilis  attention 
was  first  directed  to  the  legal  profession,  as  a  prep- 
aration for  which  he  attended  the  law-school  of 
Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated  in  1847. 
He  entered  the  ministry  in  1851,  his  first  pastoral 


WILLIAMS 


1255 


WILLIS 


charge  beinji;  at  Aiilniin,  Ala.  In  ISofi  he  Ijecaiiie 
Professor  of  Theology  in  Mercer  University,  then 
at  Penfield,  (Ja.  In  1859  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church  Government,  and 
Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  At  various  times  during  the 
enforced  absence  of  the  Professor  of  Systematic 
Theology  the  duties  of  that  chair  were  filled  by 
Dr.  Williams,  and  in  May,  1S72,  he  was  formally 
transferred  to  that  pi'ofessorship,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  his  death.  Dr.  Williams  was  on  sev- 
eral occasions  elected  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  was  the  ap- 
pointed preacher  of  its  twenty-fifth  annual  sermon 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  May,  1871.  lie  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  fiercer  University  in  1859,  and 
of  LL.D.  from  Richmond  College  in  1876. 

lie  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  Feb.  20,  1877.  and  was 
buried  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  where  his  former  stu- 
dents have  erected  a  mnnumcnt  to  his  memory. 

Williams,  William  R.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born 
in  New  York,  Oct.  14,  1804.  His  father.  Rev. 
John  AVilliams,  was  pastor  of  the  Oliver  Street 
church  twenty-seven  years.  He  was  graduated  at 
Columbia  College  with  distinguished  honor  in  182:', 
and  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  intending  to 
make  that  his  profession.  II(^  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
S.  II.  Cone  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Oliver  Street 


WII.I.IAM    R.  WILLIAMS.  D.D.,   LL.D. 

•church,  and  took  an  active  part  in  church  work. 
By  his  labor  a  mission  Sunday-school  was  organ- 
ized in  the  thirteenth  ward,  which  grew  into  the 
East  Broome  Street  Baptist  church.    Its  name  was 


changed  to  the  Cannon  .'street  cliurch,  and  it  is 
now  known  as  the  East  Ha]itist  church. 

He  was  tlien  identified  with  another  new  inter- 
est, and,  having  been  licensed  to  preach,  when  the 
Amity  Street  church  was  constituted  he  was  at  the 
same  time  ordained  as  ifs  pastor.     Dec.  17,  1832. 

While  in  the  practice  of  the  law  his  literary  ca- 
reer commenced.  He  wrote  first  a  biographical 
notice  of  liis  father,  and  an  elaborate  address  en- 
titled "Conservative  Principles  in  our  Literature." 
His  "  Miscellanies"  and  his  "  Lectures  on  the 
Lord's  Prayer,"  with  other  sermons  and  addresses, 
raised  him  to  the  first  rank  among  religious  au- 
thors. The  purity  of  his  rhetoric,  the  clearness  of 
his  reasoning,  and  the  brilliance  of  his  style  have 
led  literary  men  to  pronounce  him  the  Robert  Hall 
of  America.  Dr.  Williams  produces  his  great  works 
from  a  well-trained  and  well-stored  mind  furnislied 
by  the  great  libraries  of  New  York  and  his  own 
choice  collection  of  more  than  10,0(10  volumes. 

At  this  present  writing  Dr.  Williams  occupies 
the  same  pulpit  in  which  he  was  ordained  nearly 
fifty  years  ago.  He  has  been  invited  to  chairs  in 
colleges  and  seminaries,  but  such  is  his  love  for 
his  church  and  his  study  that  he  has  declined  .all 
such  tempting  proposals.  He  is  never  heard  in 
public  debate,  nor  does  he  engage  in  newspaper 
discussion  on  any  subject. 

His  late  lectures  in  New  York  on  "  Baptist  His- 
tory" and  "  Bunyan  and  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  " 
called  out  a  good  attendance  of  clergymen  of  all 
denominations  and  of  literary  men,  who  were  de- 
lighted by  his  eloquence  and  learning. 

Dr.  Williams  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  writers 
that  ever  used  the  English  language,  and  one  of 
the  greatest  men  that  ever  occupied  an  American 
pulpit. 

Willis,  Rev.  C.  C,  one  of  the  most  pious,  use- 
ful, anil  laborious  of  the  ministers  in  the  Cohinilius 
Association,  Ga.,  was  born  March  24,  1809,  in 
Baldwin  County,  and  removed  to  Talbot  County  at 
maturity,  where,  for  half  a  century,  he  has  been 
faithfully  working  for  Jesus.  He  has  made  a  most 
salutary  im]iression  on  the  entire  community  in 
his  section  ;  has  built  up  and  trained  to  a  high  de- 
gree of  excellence  several  churches  ;  and  has  ex- 
erted a  noble  influence  in  behalf  of  missions  and 
Sunday-schools.  He  has  often  been  Moderator  of 
the  Columbus  Association,  aVid  is  one  of  the  best 
pastors  and  revival  preachers  in  the  State. 

Willis,  Rev.  Edward  J.,  was  bom  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va.,  Doc.  I'.t.  IsJO;  was  educated  in  Virginia 
and  in  Massachusetts;  studied  law  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia,  and  gra<luated  in  July,  1842.  Ho 
began  the  practice  of  law  at  once,  his  home  being 
in  Charlottesville.  He  was  baptized  in  his 
eighteenth  year. 

In  1849  he  went  to  California,  walking  from  In- 


WILLIS 


1256 


WILSON 


dependence.  Mo.,  ;i  ilistance  of  2-00  miles,  lie 
began  tlie  practice  of  the  law  in  Sacramento ;  in 
April,  1850,  he  whs  elected  judge.  In  11SJ4  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  ;  resigned  his  judgeship,  and 
in  October  of  the  same  year  was  ordained  a  min- 
ister of  the  gospel.  The  Oakland  and  Sacramento 
churches  were  both  organized  at  his  residence.  His 
first  pastorate  was  with  the  Oaklan<l  churcli,  whirli 
continued  till  IS54.  He  then  returned  to  Virginia, 
and  from  1854  to  18G0  was  pastor  of  the  Leigh 
Street  church  in  llichmond. 

He  was  first  chaplain,  and  then  captain,  of  the 
15tli  Virginia  Keginient  of  infantry  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  commanded  the  regiment  in 
several  of  the  battles  of  the  war. 

For  two  years,  1865-07,  he  was  pastor  at  Gor- 
donsville  and  Orange  Court-IIouse.  From  1867  to 
1869  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Alexandria; 
thence  he  went  as  missionary  [lastur  to  Winchester, 
and  in  1872  took  charge  of  the  AV'inchcstcr  Female 
Institute,  now  Broaddus  Female  College,  which 
was  reiiKived  to  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.,  in  1876. 

Willis,  Rev.  Joseph,  the  apostle  of  the  Attaka- 
pas  (Li)uisiana),  was  a  mulatto.  He  first  appears 
in  Southwest  Mississippi  as  a  licensed  preacher  in 
1798.  He  was  born  in  1762.  Upon  the  acquisition 
of  Louisiana  he  boldly  crossed  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  in  1804  preached  at  Vermilion  and  at 
Plaquemine  Brul6.  For  eight  years,  amid  trials 
and  persecutions,  he  pre.iched  the  gospel  in  the 
Opelousas  country,  alone  and  unreniunerated,  ex- 
pending a  little  fortune  in  the  effort,  planting  the 
seeds  of  many  churches  that  afterwards  sprang  up. 
In  1812,  with  the  assistance  of  visiting  ministers 
from  Mississippi,  he  organized  a  church  at  Bayou 
Chicot,  the  first  west  of  the  Mississippi.  Father 
Willis,  as  he  was  affectionately  called,  extended 
his  labors  and  constituted  other  churches.  Being 
joined  by  O'Quin  and  Nettles  in  1816,  the  churches 
increased,  and  in  1S18  the  Louisiana  Association 
was  organized,  of  which  he  was  moderator  many 
years.  He  lived  to  see  abundant  fruits  of  his 
labors.     He  died  in  1854. 

Willmarth,  Rev.  Isaac  M.,  was  born  at  Deer- 
field,  N.  Y.,  Ort.  27,  1S04,  and  was  baptized  there 
in  1830 ;  graduated  from  Hamilton  College  in 
1825,  and  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1833; 
ordained  at  New  York,  April  30,  1834,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  France,  where  he  labored  as  a  mission- 
ary until  18.'?7.  (See  Mission  to  Frante,)  Com- 
pelled by  ill  health  to  return  to  America,  his  life 
has  been  spent  in  preaching  and  teaching.  He 
has  been  pastor  at  Peterborough,  New  Ipswich, 
and  DrewsviUe,  N.  II..  Grafton  and  Pondville, 
Vt.,  and  Kowe,  Mass.  lie  has  been  principal  of 
several  academies.  Is  living  (1881),  and  able  to 
preach  occasionally.  Mr.  Willmarth  is  a  devout 
man,  whose  life  has  been  full  of  usefulness. 


Willmarth,   Rev.  James  W.,  was  born  in 

Paris,  I'riinco,  nf  American  parents,  in  J835.  lie 
was  bajitized  in  Grafton,  Vt.,  in  1848.  His  early 
studies  were  greatly  impeded  by  an  affection  of  the 
eyes,  but  his  thirst  for  knowledge  could  not  be 
held  in  check  by  any  difficulty  not  insunnnunta- 
ble  ;  he  gave  time  and  toil  to  the  ancient  languages, 
and  his  heart  to  theological  acquisitions,  and  at  an 
early  period  in  life  he  was  a  scholarly  preacher, 
well  skilled  in  divinity.  His  first  public  service 
fur  Christ  was  performed  when  he  was  a  mission- 
ary colporteur  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society  in  Chicago.  He  was  ordained,  in  1860,  in 
Aurora,  III.  He  has  been  pastor  in  Mctamora, 
111.,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  Wakefield,  Mass.,  Pemberton. 
N.  J.,  and  he  is  now  the  pastor  of  Roxborough 
churcli,  Philadelphia.  lie  is  a  writer  of  great 
power,  and  ho  uses  a  prolific  pen.  His  articles  on 
"The  Future  Life'"  and  "Baptism  and  Remis- 
sion,"' in  the  linptixt  Qiint/eili/.  sliowed  much 
originality,  and  produced  a  profound  impression 
upon  cultured  men  of  God. 

No  one  stands  higher  in  the  estimation  of  his 
friends,  and  all  that  know  him  may  be  reckoncil 
among  the  number.  His  position  on  any  subject 
is  very  decided  ;  he  knows  nothing  of  half-heart- 
edness ;  his  thoughts  are  as  transparent  as  a  sun- 
beam. He  shuns  no  responsibility  in  defending 
any  truth  ;  he  avoids  no  sacrifice  in  assisting  a 
friend.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  with  a  noble  in- 
tellect, ardent  piety,  and  a  bright  earthly  future, 
if  his  slender  frame  will  [lormit  him  to  stay  on 
earth  fur  a  few  years. 

Wilson,  Adam,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Topsham, 
Me.,  Feb.  10,  1794.  He  fitted  for  college  at  the 
Hebron  Academy,  and  entered  Bowdoin  College, 
in  Brunswick,  Me.,  in  1815.  At  the  clo.sc  of  his 
Freshman  year  he  was  baptized.  He  graduated 
in  1819  and  studied  theology  with  Rev.  I>r.  Staugh- 
ton,  then  of  Philadelphia.  In  the  early  part  of 
1822  he  commenced  his  ministry  in  Wiscassett, 
Me.,  having  been  previously  ordained,  Dec.  13,  1820. 
He  remained  in  Wiscassett  two  years.  For  nearly 
four  years  he  served  as  pastor  of  two  churches, 
one  in  New  Gloucester  and  the  other  in  Turner. 
While  thus  engaged,  be  was  invited  to  take  charge 
of  a  new  paper  which  was  about  to  be  started  in 
Maine,  as  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
that  State;  the  first  number  of  which,  TheZioii.i 
Ailvocale,  appeared  Nov.  II,  1828,  with  the  imprint 
of  Adam  Wilson  as  its  editor  and  proprietor.  He 
continued  to  perform  his  editorial  duties  fur  ten 
years,  when  he  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  be- 
come the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Bangor,  securing  the  services  of  another  to  take 
bis  place  as  editor  of  the  Advocate,  although  he  re- 
mained its  proprietor.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
Bangor  church  three  years  and  a  half,  and  of  the 


WILSON 


1257 


miSON 


church  in  Turner,  with  which  he  had  formerly 
hcen  connected,  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
time,  1843,  he  resumed  the  editorial  management 
of  his  paper.     For  five  years  he  continued  in  this 


v-\ 


ADAM    WILSON,    D.D. 


position,  and  then  acted  as  pastor,  first  of  the 
church  in  Hebron,  and  then  of  the  church  in  Paris, 
covering  a  period  of  nearly  ten  years.  In  1858  he 
removed  to  Waterville,  which  was  his  home  the 
ri-mainder  of  his  life.  He  was  constantly  engaged 
in  supplying  the  weak  churches  in  the  section 
where  he  lived,  and  his  usefulness  was  not  abated 
ilown  to  the  close  of  life.  He  was  an  able  theolo- 
gian, and  worthily  won  the  degree  of  D.D.,  con- 
ferred on  him  by  Waterville  College  in  1851.  The 
amount  of  literary  work  which  he  accomplished  as 
the  editor  of  Zion's  Advocate  for  sixteen  years  it 
is  not  easy  to  estimate.  He  published  but  little 
apart  from  what  he  prepared  for  his  paper.  For 
more  than  forty  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Water- 
ville College,  now  Colby  University.  "  The  col- 
lege records  show,"'  says  President  Champlin, 
"  that  his  hand  framed  the  greater  part  of  the  im- 
portant reports  and  resolutions  presented  during 
that  long  period.  In  all  the  discussions  and  diffi- 
cult questions  arising  at  the  sessions  of  the  trus- 
tees. Dr.  Wilson's  uniformly  conciliatory  spirit  had 
rendered  inestimable  service."  A  busy  and  most 
useful  life  terminated  Jan.  10,  1S71.  It  is  safe  to 
say  that  probably  to  no  one  man  is  the  present 
prosperity  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State 
of  Maine  more  due  than  to  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  The  la.st  words  which  fell  from  his  lips,  a 
80 


few  hours  before  he  died,  were,  "  One  Lord,  one 
faith,  one  baptism,  one  religion,  one  hope,  one 
Saviour,  one  heaven,  one  eternity.  Amen,  and 
amen  !     Amen,  and  amen  !" 

Wilson,  Daniel  M.,  wiis  bom  at  Morristown, 
X.  J.,  in  1803.  Ilis  mother  was  an  excellent  Chris- 
tian woman  of  marked  character.  In  early  life 
he  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ,  but  did  not  make  a 
profession  until  mature  years.  He  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Newark.  He  was  at  the 
head  of  a  strong  commercial  firm,  had  already  ac- 
quired a  financial  competence,  and  he  brought  his 
eminent  business  capabilities,  with  a  true  Chris- 
tian devotcdness,  into  action  for  church  prosperity. 
He  exerted  a  powerful  influence  over  the  principal 
commercial  corporations  with  which  he  was  con- 
nected ;  served  faithfully  as  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  large  eastern  district  of  New 
Jersey,  and  filled  other  public  offices  involving 
important  trusts.  In  en<leavoring  to  build  up  the 
churches  in  Newark  he  was  indefatigable.  The 
success  of  the  city  mission  was  largely  due  to  his 
counsels  and  efforts.  For  eighteen  successive  years 
he  was  president  of  the  New  Jersey  Baptist  State 
Convention,  occupying  that  office  at  his  death  in 
1873.  For  most  of  that  time  he  was  tre:isurcr  of 
the  Education  Society.  As  president  of  the  New 
•lersey  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute,  at  llight.s- 
town,  he  devoted  much  time-and  energy  to  the 
erection  of  the  fine  building  and  the  prosperity  of 
the  institution.  He  was  for  a  time  president  of 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  and  being 
a  generous  contributor  to  all  the  societies  for  the 
extension  of  the  Saviour's  kingdom,  his  counsels 
were  much  prized.  When  at  the  age  of  three- 
score and  ten  he  departed  from  earth,  his  death  was 
regarded  as  a  piiblii-  loss. 

Wilson,  Franklin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Balti- 
more, Md.,  Dec.  8,  1822.  His  father,  Thomjis 
Wilson,  was  a  member  of  the  eminent  firm  of 
William  Wilson  &  Sons.  Franklin's  mother  died 
when  he  was  fifteen  months  old,  but  her  place  was 
largely  supfilieii  by  the  devotion  of  his  father's 
cousin.  Miss  P.  Stansbury,  a  very  pious  and  active 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  who  trained 
the  motherless  children  in  "  the  nurture  ami  ad- 
monition of  the  Lord."  He  began  the  study  of 
Latin  when  only  seven  years  old  ;  at  the  ago  of  ten 
was  sent  to  Mount  Hope  College,  near  Baltimore, 
and  before  he  was  thirteen  he  entered  the  Fresli- 
n\an  class.  One  of  his  teachers  there  was  the  l!ev. 
H.  B.  llackett,  D.I).,  who  became  a  Baptist  while 
in  Baltimore.  Soon  after.  Dr.  llackett  accepted  a 
professorship  in  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  and  in 
1.S30  Franklin  was  sent  to  that  college,  at  first 
under  the  special  guardianship  of  Prof.  llackett. 
At  the  close  of  his  Junior  year,  he  was  obliged  to 
suspend  his  studies  from  weakness  of  the  eyes,  and 


WILSON 


1258 


WILSON 


he  graduiited  witli  the  siiccooilinj;  class  in  1841,  de- 
livering the  classicnl  oi-ation  at  the  commencement. 
He  was  fortunate  in  having  as  classmates  or  friends 
while  in  college  such  men  as  Samson,   Malcom, 


FRANKLIN    WILSON,   n.D. 

Dodge,  Lincoln,  Brooks,  Brantly,  Weston,  and 
others  since  eminent  in  the  lionomination.  During 
the  revival  which  followed  the  day  of  prayer  f(ir 
colleges,  in  1838,  he  professed  conversion,  and 
was  haptized  in  Baltimore,  April  22,  1838,  by  the 
Rev.  Stephen  P.  Hill,  D.D.  In  1842  he  entered 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  but  left  in 
1844,  before  completing  the  course,  to  attend  his 
father  in  his  fatal  illness.  While  at  home  he  be- 
gan laboring  at  a  mission  chapel,  erected  by  his 
uncle,  James  Wilson,  at  Huntington  (since  Wav- 
erly),  and  finally  accepted  the  pastorship  of  the 
church  formed  there  under  his  ministry.  In  184') 
he  took  a  trip  to  Europe,  visiting  England,  Ire- 
land, Scotland,  and  FriuK^e.  He  was  ordained 
in  Baltimore,  Jan.  18,  1846,  at  the  First  Baptist 
church,  where  he  preached  his  first  sermon  in 
1842,  being  then  but  nineteen  years  of  age,  on  a 
theme  which  always  deeply  interested  him, — 
"  Prayer  for  Colleges."'  In  1857  a  council  of  city 
i-liurches  urged  him  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
High  Street  church,  Baltimore,  which  was  over- 
whelmed by  financial  difficulties  and  about  to  be 
sold.  He  accepted,  and  held  the  position  till  1850, 
thus,  by  his  gratuitous  services,  saving  tlie  house 
of  worship,  encouraging  the  church,  and  adding 
to  its  membership  eighty-four  by  baptism.  A 
disease  of  the  vocal  organs  compelled  him  at  this 


time  to  suspend  his  public  labors  ;  but  he  continued 
his  pastorate  until  1852,  when  he  reluctantly  re- 
signed. After  six  years  of  partial  rest  his  vocal 
organs  were  strengthened,  and  since  that  he  has 
preached  hundreds  iif  sermons. 

Dr.  Wilsiin  has  added  much  to  the  literature  of 
the  denomination.  Early  in  1851  he  became  editor 
of  The  True  Union,  a  Baptist  weekly,  then  pub- 
lished in  Baltimore,  which  position  he  held  until 
1857.  Ileedited  it  again  in  1801,  and  during  these 
years  he  not  only  gave  his  time  and  labor  gratui- 
tously to  the  work,  but  expended,  in  addition,  not 
less  than  %'100  a  year  for  the  privilege  of  keeping 
up  the  paper. 

In  1857-58  he  edited  The  Christian  Review 
(quarterly),  in  conjunction  with  Rev.  G.  B.  Taylor, 
now  missionary  in  Rome,  Italy.  In  1805  he  edited 
for  one  year  The  Maryland  Baptist,  a  monthly 
paper.  In  1853  he  gained  a  prize  of  $100  for  the 
best  essay  on  "The  Duties  of  Churches  to  their 
Pastors."  He  also  published  tracts  and  essays  on 
"  Keep  the  Church  Pure,"  "'  The  Comparative  In- 
fluence of  Baptist  and  Pedobaptist  Principles  in 
the  Christian  Nurture  of  Children,"  "How  Far 
may  a  Christian  indulge  in  Popular  Amusements?" 
"  What  Must  I  Do  to  be  Saved?"  (a  tract  which  has 
proved  a  blessing  to  raany  an  inquiring  mind)  and 
a  very  valuable  treatise  on  "Wealth,  its  Acquisi- 
tion, Investment,  and  Use,"  which  has  received 
the  warmest  commendations  of  the  press. 

One  of  the  most  important  posts  he  has  occupied 
is  that  of  secretary  of  the  Executive  Board  of  the 
Maryland  Baptist  Union  Association.  Elected  in 
1847,  he  has  held  that  ofEce  for  more  than  thirty 
years.  The  Association  was  formed  in  1836,  with 
only  6  churches  and  478  members.  In  1877  it  num- 
bered 60  churches  and  10,710  members,  and  its  an- 
nual contributions  had  increased  more  than  tenfold. 
In  1854  he  was  largi'ly  instrumental,  with  Rev.  Dr. 
Williams,  in  forming  the  Baltimore  Baptist  Church 
Extension  Society  ;  was  its  first  secretary  for  a 
number  of  years  and  a  large  contributor  to  its 
funds.  Under  its  auspices  were  erected  the  Lee 
Street,  the  Franklin  Square,  the  Leadenhall  Street, 
and  the  Madison  Square  meeting-houses.  The  last 
was  built  entirely  at  the  expense  of  Dr.  Wilson,  as 
was  also  the  Rockdale  chapel,  near  Baltimore.  lie 
has  also  given  liberally  to  the  erection  of  nearly 
every  other  Baptist  meeting-house  in  Maryland. 
In  1S54  he  became  one  of  the  constituent  members 
of  the  Franklin  Square  church,  where  he  has  re- 
mained ever  since,  having  been  frequently  called 
to  act  as  temporary  pastor  during  the  changes  in 
the  pastoral  relation  which  the  church  has  experi- 
enced, lie  has  preached  in  that  church  more  than 
250  times,  and  baptized  fifty  persons.  As  early  as 
1800  he  became  deeply  interested  in  Italy  ;  wrote 
and  published  many  articles  on  it  as  a  missionary 


WILSON 


1259 


WILSON 


field  for  Baptists  ;  and  in  1864  induced  tlie  Rev. 
John  Berg  to  write  an  article  for  the  Loudau  Free- 
man, which  gave  rise  to  the  Italian  Mission  from 
the  English  Baptists.  In  1S70,  Dr.  Wilson,  by  re- 
quest, delivered  an  address  in  Philadelphia,  at  the 
anniversary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
.Society,  urj^ing  it  to  engage  in  distributing  religious 
(uiblieations  in  Italy  and  Spain ;  and  the  Rev. 
•James  B.  Taylor  was  confirmed  by  it  in  the  desire 
to  establish  .a  mission  in  Italy.  Shortly  after,  tlie 
Rev.  Dr.  Cote  was  introduced  by  Dr.  Wilson  to  the 
Southern  Board,  and  became  tlie  first  American 
Baptist  missionary  in  Home.  Since  1847,  Dr.  Wil- 
son has  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  when  the  college, 
in  1872,  became  the  Columbian  University,  he  was 
made  one  of  its  overseers.  This  institution  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1865. 

Many  of  the  benevolent  organizations  of  Balti- 
more have  his  aid  and  counsel.  He  originated  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of  that  city, 
lie  has  done  much  towards  improving  and  beauti- 
fying the  suburbs,  and  has  aided  in  the  erection  of 
more  than  forty  buildings,  besides  churches.  He 
has  done  much,  also,  towards  preventing  ravages 
by  fire,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Fire-Proof 
Building  Company,  the  first  great  work  of  which 
was  rendering  fire-proof  the  noble  buildings  of  the 
Pcabody  Institute  and  the. Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

Wilson,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C,  July  2.3,  1820;  baptized  by  Rev.  P.  W. 
Doud  in  1838;  ordained  in  November,  1849,  Revs. 
P.  W.  Doud  and  J.  Olin  forming  the  Presbytery  ; 
was  educated  at  Wake  Forest  College,  and  has 
served  with  great  acceptance  a  number  of  churches 
in  Orange,  Chatham,  and  Wake  Counties.  Mr. 
Wilson  has  been  for  many  years  the  moderator  of 
the  Mount  Zion  Association. 

Wilson,  John  Butler,  M.D.,  the  eldest  son  of 
Rev.  Dr.  A.  Wilson,  was  born  in  Portland,  Me., 
Feb.  24,  1834.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville 
College  in  the  class  of  18.34.  For  three  years  he 
was  the  principal  of  an  aca<lemy  in  East  Corinth 
and  of  the  high  school  in  De.'iter,  Me.  He  received 
the  degree  of  M.D.  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
in  Philadelphia,  in  1859,  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Exeter,  Me.  Upon  the 
call  for  troops  in  the  late  civil  war.  Dr.  Wilson  was 
(Commissioned  as  captain  of  a  company  raised  by 
himself,  and  in  the  fall  of  1801  was  stationed  at 
Pensacola  as  provost-marshal  for  the  District  of 
West  Florida  and  South  Alabama.  Subsequently 
he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  7th  Regiment, 
U.  S.  Infantry,  and  was  medical  director  of  all  the 
forces  in  Texas.  \h\  received  other  professional 
appointments  as  proof  of  the  confidence  of  the 
government  in  his  capacity.  The  state  of  his 
health  obliged  him  to  resign,  and  he  returned  to 


Maine  in  1865.  He  resumed  his  profession  in 
Dexter,  Me.,  but  did  not  long  survive  the  hardships 
which  had  thoroughly  undermined  his  constitution, 
lie  died  at  Dexter,  March  15,  1800. 

'"Dr.  Wilson  was  a  man  of  fine  talents  and  at- 
tainments, qualified  for  the  first  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession, in  which  he  had  already  won  distinction. 
His  ardent  love  for  the  study  of  nature,  which  he 
had  pursued  from  early  youth,  would  have  earned 
for  him  scientific  reputation  had  his  life  been 
spared." 

Wilson,  Rev.  John  S.,  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Ky.,  July  13,  1795.  In  his  infancy  his  parents 
settled  in  Adair  County.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Mount 
fiilead  Baptist  church.  Five  years  afterwards  he 
settled  in  Todd  County.  In  1822  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  after  a  few  months  was  ordained 
and  became  pastor  of  Lebanon  church.  Soon  after- 
wards he  became  pastoral  supply  of  other  churches 
in  his  neighborhood.  Brilliant  success  attended 
his  labors  wherever  he  preached.  From  his  ordi- 
nation until  his  ileath  he  lived  in  an  almost  un- 
broken series  of  revivals.  In  1833  he  accepted  the 
Kentucky  agency  of  the  American  Bible  Society, 
and  during  the  same  year  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Louisville. 
He  accepted,  and  the  church  prospered  under  his 
ministry,  but  he  still  continued  the  work  of  an 
evangelist,  and  multitudes  were  converted  during 
revivals  conducted  by  him  in  the  counties  around 
Louisville.  In  the  spring  of  1835  be  preached  fif- 
teen days  in  Shelbyville,  and  101  were  baptized. 
The  revival  spread  to  the  neighboring  churches, 
and  it  was  estimated  that  1200  were  added  to  the 
Lord  during  its  continuance,  upwards  of  800  of 
whom  were  baptized  into  the  churches  of  Long 
River  Association.  His  last  work  was  in  a  great 
revival  at  Elizabethtown  in  August  of  the  same 
year.     He  died  Aug.  28,  1835. 

Wilson,  Rev.  Joseph  Kennard,  son  of  Rev. 
James  E.  and  Esther  B.  Wilson,  was  born  at  Black- 
woodtown,  N.  J.,  .June  29,  1852:  converted  Decem- 
ber, 1807,  and  baptized  into  Blockley  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  of  which  his  father  was 
the  pastor;  removed  to  Massachusetts  in  1808; 
entered  Brown  University  in  1870;  graduated  in 
1873,  and  entered  Crozor  Theological  Seminary,  at 
Upland,  Pa.  ;  in  the  summer  of  1874  supplied  the 
Baptist  church  at  Broadalbin,  N.  Y.  ;  called  to  be 
pastor  of  the  church,  and  was  ordained  Nov.  4, 
1874;  in  the  winter  of  1875-70  preached  at  Flor- 
ence, N.  J.,  and  about  eighty  were  converted,  and 
a  church  afterwards  was  formed  ;  gr.iduated  from 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  in  1870;  accepted  a 
call  from  Nyack,  N.  Y. ;  in  February,  1878.  settled 
with  Huntington  Street  Baptist  church  in  New 
London,  Conn.,  and  is  now  (1881)  laboring  there. 


WILSON 


1260 


WINGATE 


Wilson,  N.  W.,  D.D.,  one  of  the  most  eloquent 
ministers  in  the  South,  who  fell  a  victim  to  yellow 
fever  in  New  Orleiins  in  1878,  while  heroically 
(lischari^ing  his  duties  as  pastur  of  Colosseum 
I'lace  Baptist  church,  was  horn  in  I'cndleton  Co., 
Va..  Oct. '20,  ISIU;  was  ordained  in  1S.')8;  after 
(illing  several  country  pastorates  in  Virginia  he 
was  called  to  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C,  where  his  rare 
talents  soon  rendered  hini  distinguished;  thence  to 
Farmdalc,  Va.,  where  he  labored  for  two  years. 
But  a  wider  field  was  awaiting  hiiu,  and  in  1870  he 
was  called  to  Grace  Street  church,  Uichinond,  Va., 
where  he  ministered  with  great  success  until  he 
was  called  to  New  Orleans  in  1875.  In  his  new 
field  he  fully  sustained  his  reputation,  and  fell  a 
martyr  to  Imnmnity. 

Wilson,  William  Lyne,  was  horn  in  Jefferson 
Co.,  Va.,  May  3,  l84o.  He  pursued  his  early  edu- 
cation at  the  Charlestown  Academy,  and  entering 
the  Columbian  College,  September,  1858,  he  gradu- 
ated with  honors  in  June  of  1800.  After  receiving 
his  degree  of  A.B.  he  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia  to  prosecute  some  special  studies,  and  re- 
mained there  until  the  war  broke  out,  at  which 
time  he  left  and  entered  the  Oonfc<lerate  service, 
serving  through  the  contest  in  the  12th  Regular 
Virginia  Cavalry.  In  1865  he  was  elected  Assistant 
Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  the  Columljian 
College,  and  in  1807  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
the  Liitin  Language  and  Literature.  AV'^hile  hold- 
ing this  position,  Mr.  Wilson  took  the  cour.se  of 
law  in  tlie  Law-School  of  the  Columbian  College, 
and  grailuated  LL.B.  in  1807.  He  was  baptized 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cuthbert  in  November,  1870.  In 
1871  he  resigned  his  professorship  to  practise  law. 
which  he  is  still  doing,  in  Winchester,  Va.  lie 
held  for  several  years  the  office  of  county  super- 
intendent of  schools.  Mr.  Wilson  is  greatly  in- 
terested in  educatiimal  movements,  and  on  more 
than  (me  occasion  his  admirable  addresses  at  Asso- 
ciational  meetings  have  stimulated  his  hearers  to 
a  greater  zeiil  in  their  behalf. 

Wilson,  Rev.  William  V.,  was  bom  Nov.  18, 
181 1,  in  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  J.  Early  he  developed 
a  great  inclination  and  aptitude  for  study  ;  was 
converted  when  about  eighteen,  and  joined  the 
church  at  Sandy  Ridge  in  1831.  He  had  a 
thorough  education,  covering  a  number  of  years, 
under  such  men  as  II.  K.  Green  and  Sumuel 
Aaron  ;  entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary 
in  1838,  the  certificate  of  Mr.  Aaron  being  consid- 
ered equivalent  to  a  college  diploma.  After  pur- 
suing the  full  course  he  became  a  missionary  of 
the  New  Jersey  Baptist  State  Convention  in  Mid- 
dlesex County.  He  was  for  a  little  time  pastor  at 
Kevport  and  at  the  Second  Middletown  Church.  In 
1854  he  became  pastor  of  the  Port  Monmouth  15ap- 
tist  church,  where  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 


tury he  has  edified  the  people  of  God.  Mr.  Wilson 
is  treasurer  of  the  Education  Society.  With  preach- 
ing talents  he  combines  an  unusual  aptitude  for 
business,  and  he  has  freely  and  successfully  used 
this  for  the  cause  of  God.  He  succeeded  in  the 
almost  impossible  work  of  extricating  Pcddic  Insti- 
tute from  its  financial  difficulties,  and  has  fre- 
quently by  his  counsels  and  labors  helped  to  raise 
money  needed  for  the  carrying  on  of  benevolent 
operations.  His  published  sermon  on  giving,  and 
other  discourses  and  writings,  have  stirred  up  the 
people  to  greater  consecration  of  their  means  to 
God  and  larger  efforts  to  spre.id  the  gospel. 

Winchell,  Rev.  James  Manning,  so  well 
known,  especially  in  New  England,  as  the  com- 
piler of  "  Watts's  Psalms  and  Hymns,  with  a  Sup- 
plement," in  general  use  in  the  Baptist  chnrches 
before  the  introduction  of  the  "  Psalmist,''  was 
born  at  North  East,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  8, 
1791.  lie  became  a  Christian  in  early  life.  For 
three  years  he  was  a  student  in  Union  College. 
The  last  year  of  his  college  course  he  spent  in 
Providence,  and  graduated  from  Brown  University 
in  1812.  AVhile  pursuing  his  regular  studies  in 
college  he  turned  his  attention  to  theology,  and 
on  graduating  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  North  East.  He  supplied  the  church 
in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  for  a  year,  when  he  was  called  to 
Boston  to  the  First  Baptist  church,  where  he  was 
installed  March  30,  1814,  and  was  its  pastor  for 
six  years.  Dr.  Neale  says  of  him,  "  The  favor- 
able impressions  made  at  first  were  deepened  by 
acquaintance.  No  remarkable  events  or  stirring 
scenes  occurred  during  his  ministry,  and  he  never 
sought  to  create  an  artificial  excitement.  No  large 
additions  were  made  at  any  one  time.  Neither  was 
there  a  period  of  dearth,  but  a  steady  and  continu- 
ous advance  in  religious  knowledge  and  spiritual 
life."  Mr.  AVinchell  fell  a  victim  to  New  England's 
fatal  malady,  consumption.  His  death  took  place 
Feb.  22,  1820.  One  who  knew  him  well  while  he 
was  the  pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Boston  says 
of  him,  '•  Young  Winchell's  manner  in  the  pulpit 
approached  more  nearly  to  that  of  Sunimerfield,  that 
youthful  prodigy  of  loveliness,  than  any  other  that 
I  have  ever  witnessed.  There  was  the  same  win- 
ning simplicity  and  naturalness  in  the  one  as  in 
the  other."  Dying  at  the  early  age  of  twenty- 
nine,  he  left  behind  him  a  memory  full  of  the 
sweetest  fragrance. 

Winebrennarians.  — See  Church  of  God. 

Wingate,  W.  M.,  D.D. — This  best  of  men  was 
born  in  Darlington,  S.  C,  July  28,  1828;  was  bap- 
tized by  Dr.  J.  O.  B.  Dargan  ;  graduated  at  Wake 
Forest  College  in  1849;  studied  theology  for  two 
years  at  Furman  Institute,  S.  C. ;  was  agent  of 
Wake  Forest  College  from  18.V2  to  1854,  when  he 
was  chosen  president,  which  position  he  held  till 


WING  A  TE 


1261 


WINKLER 


his  death,  a  period  of  twenty-five  years.  lie  re- 
ceived the  honorary  decree  of  D.D.  from  Columbian 
University,  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1867.  He  died 
of  heart  disease,  Feb.  27,  1879. 

He   was    an    adniiral)le   college   president,   the 


W.    M.    W'INGATE,   I). I). 

ablest  preaclier  the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina 
have  yet  had,  and  the  sweetest  saint  the  writer  has 
«ver  known.  The  type  of  his  piety  was  so  exalted 
that  it  lifted  him  above  the  onlinary  infirmities  of 
even  good  men. 

It  was  meet  that  such  a  life  should  be  crowned 
by  a  beautiful  and  glorious  death.  His  last  day 
was  the  happiest  of  his  life.  All  that  day  his  face 
shone  us  did  that  of  Moses  when  he  came  from 
the  presence  of  God  in  the  mount,  and  when  the 
supreme  hour  came  the  glory  of  God  over.shadowed 
the  chamber  where  the  good  man  met  his  fate. 
Just  licfore  he  breathed  his  last  he  seemed  to  be 
conversing  with  the  Saviour  as  though  he  were 
personally  present.  "Oh,  how  delightful  it  is!  I 
knew  you  would  bo  with  me  when  the  time  came, 
and  I  knew  it  would  be  "sweet,  but  I  did  not  know 
it  would  be  so  sweet  as  it  is." 

A  fitting  tribute  was  paid  to  his  virtues  in  a 
splendid  eulogy  pronounced  by  the  Uev.  F.  II. 
Ivey,  one  of  his  old  pupils,  at  the  commencement 
following  his  death,  and  his  memory  is  still  further 
honored  in  the  Wingate  Memorial  Hall,  a  large 
and  handsome  chapel  erected  by  his  friends  during 
the  past  year. 

Winkler,  Edwin  Theodore,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Savannah,  Ga.,  Nov.  13,  1823  ;  prepared  for  college 


in  Chatham  Acadiuny  of  his  own  city  ;  entered 
Brown  University  in  1S3'J  ;  graduated  in  1843,  and 
the  same  year  entered  Newton  Theological  Semi- 
nary ;  in  1845  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Christian 
Index  ;  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the  church  in  Colum- 
bus, Ga.,  for  six  months;  in  1840  bec.ime  (lastor 
at  Albany,  Ga.,  where  he  renuiined  until  called  to 
Gallisonville,  S.  C. ;  in  18')2  became  correspon<ling 
secretary  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  in  Charleston,  and  editor  of  the  Southern 
liaptist;  in  18.54  called  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Charleston,  and,  except  during  a  somewhat 
lengthy  chaplaincy  in  the  Confederate  army,  he 
remained  pastor  in  that  city  until  called  to  Ala- 
bama, closing  his  pastorate  there  with  the  Citadel 
Square  church,  when  he  became,  in  1872,  pastor  in 
the  city  of  Marion.  In  1874,  when  the  Baptists 
of  his  newly-adopted  State  inaugurated  the  Ala- 
bama liaptist,  he  became  editor-in-chief,  a  position 
which  he  still  holds.  He  has  been  connected  at 
times  with  other  papers.  North  and  South,  as  cor- 
responding editor.  With  a  national  reputation,  he 
has  been  freiiuently  invited  North  ami  South  to 
deliver  sermons  and  addresses  on  important  occa- 
sions. Several  of  these  addresses  were  called  for, 
and  published  in  pernmnent  form.  Of  these,  we 
may  mention  his  Centennial  address,  in  1876,  be- 


EDWIX    TUEODORt;    WINKLER,  D.D. 

fore  the  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  his 
sermon  before  tli»  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  on  the  education  of  the  colored  ministry, 
in  1871.  He  is  the  author  of  a  catechism  for  the 
oral  instruction  of  the  colored  people,  which  has 


WINKS 


1262 


WINTKIi 


been  extensively  used  ;  of  an  essay  on  "  The  Spirit 
of  Missions,  the  Spirit  of  Christ;"  of  an  essay  im 
"  The  Sphere  of  tlie  Ministry ;"'  of  a  preface  to 
the  "  Sacred  Lute,"  a  hymn-book,  at  the  request 
of  tlie  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society.  The 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him 
in  1858  hy  Furnian  University.  He  twice  de- 
clined calls  to  a  professorship  in  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 

Dr;  Winkler  is  distinguislied  for  scholarly  accu- 
racy, broad  culture,  clear  and  forcible  style,  courtly 
and  dignified  personal  bearing,  and  the  most  elegant 
language  and  the  finest  literary  allusions.  He  is 
always  ready;  this  makes  him  one  of  the  best  and 
safest  speakers  in  the  whole  country.  His  grand- 
father was  a  distinguished  officer  under  Gen. 
Marion  in  tlie  Revolutionary  war. 

Winks,  Joseph  F.,  was  born  at  Gainsborough, 
Lincolnsliire.  P^ngland,  on  Dec.  12,  1792.  He  was 
converted  in  his  youth.  In  his  family  Bible  he 
made  the  following  record:  "Begotten  again  unto 
a  lively  hope  through  the  resurrection  of  Jesus 
Christ  from  the  dead  about  1812,  but  not  baptized 
until  Sept.  29,  1823."  He  gave  himself  with 
great  ardor  to  the  establishment  of  Sunday- 
schools  in  the  neighborhood,  and  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  snuiU  General  Baptist  church  at 
Killingholme.  Subsequently  he  labored  at  Mel- 
bourne, Derbyshire,  at  Loughborough,  and  finally 
at  Leicester,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  The  establishment  and  promotion  of  denom- 
inational periodicals  and  of  cheap  evangelical  liter- 
ature engrossed  his  energies  for  nearly  forty  years. 
For  several  years  he  edited  five  monthly  magazines, 
the  Baptist  Reporter,  the  Children's  Magazine,  the 
Christian  Pinneer,  the  Baptist  Youths'  Magazine, 
and  the  Picture  Magazine.  He  compiled  a  num- 
ber of  Sunday-school  books,  and  published  many 
pamphlets  and  tracts  on  baptism,  which  had  a. 
wide  circulation  and  a  great  inQucnce.  He  was  a 
fearless  and  unswerving  friend  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious freedom,  and  stood  in  the  front  of  every  local 
conflict  for  the  cause.  His  life  was  full  of  work. 
Whilst  an  attached  member  of  the  New  Connection 
of  General  Baptists,  his  enthusiastic  and  enter- 
prising advocacy  of  Scripture  baptism  won  for  him 
the  esteem  of  all  earnest  Baptists. 

He  was  ever  active  and  untiring  in  evangelistic 
labors  of  all  kinds;  he  was  emphatically  "ready 
to  every  good  work."  Ho  died  May  28,  1866. 
aged  seventy-three. 

Winston,  Prof.  Charles  H.,  was  born  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.  His  father  was  Peter  Winston,  a  dea- 
con in  the  First  Baptist  church.  In  1855  he  grad- 
uated at  Hampden  Sidney  College,  and  was  at  once 
appointed  tutor  and  assistant  professor.  In  18.58  he 
took  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  at  the  University 
of  A'irginia,  and  was  immediately  elected  Professor 


of  Ancient  Languages  in  Transylvania  University. 
In  1859  he  was  elected  a  professor  in  Richmond 
Female  Institute,  and  the  next  year  was  made 
president,  which  position  he  held  until  1873,  when 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Physics  in  Richmond 
('ollege. 

During  the  war,  the  exercises  in  the  institute 
being  temporarily  suspended,  Prof.  Winston  was 
in  the  service  of  the  nitre  bureau  of  the  Confederate 
States,  at  Charlotte,  N.  C,  making  sulphuric  acid. 
By  his  energy,  skill,  and  fertility  of  resource  he 
won  the  approbation  of  the  bureau  and  of  the  gov- 
ernment. 

The  war  ending,  he  resumed  his  life-work,  for 
which  he  is  pre-eminently  fitted.  As  a  teacher,  he 
is  patient  and  enthusiastic,  with  marvelous  capacity 
for  simplifying  and  making  clear  to  the  dull  or  me- 
diocre intellect.  Like  Procter,  Huxley,  and  other 
scientists,  he  has  delivered  public  lectures,  illus- 
trated by  diagrams  and  experiments,  popularizing 
abstruse  subjects,  and  awakening  much  interest 
and  enthusiasm.  He  has  a  quick,  fertile,  and  sug- 
gestive mind,  never  satisfied  with  superficial  or 
first  views,  but  going  to  the  "  bottom  of  things." 
As  a  counselor  or  committee-man.  Prof.  Winston 
is  invaluable,  as  preventing  hasty  and  inconsiderate 
action,  and  compelling  a  consideration  of  the  "  other 
side"  of  a  proposition. 

Having  been  president  of  the  City  Sunday-School 
Association,  he  takes  deep  interest  in  the  Sunday- 
school  work,  and  his  power  to  interest  and  instruct 
children  is  often  called  into  requisition.  As  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics,  he  has  given  his  department 
prominence  and  popularity  in  the  college  and  with 
the  public,  and  at  the  South  is  regarded  as  one  of 
the  leading  scientists. 

Winston,  Rev.  Meriwether,  was  bom  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  in  1828  ;  educated  at  Madison  Univer- 
sity ;  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Charlottes- 
ville, Va.  :  subsequently  was  pastor  in  New  York 
City,  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  returned  to  the  South  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  and  entered  the  heav- 
enly rest  in  1866.  He  was  a  genial,  brotherly  min- 
ister, an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a  Christain  whose 
graces  secured  the  love  of  all  that  knew  him. 

Winter,  John,  M.D.,  was  bom  in  Wellington, 
England,  in  .Tuly.  1794.  After  graduating  in  the- 
ology from  Bni<Uord  Seminary,  he  emigrated  to 
America  in  1822,  and  settled  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Here  for  some  time  he  taught  a  school,  and  served 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  During 
sixty  years  of  a  very  active  and  successful  minis- 
try his  labors  were  chiefly  in  the  western  part  of 
the  State.  For  a  few  years  he  preached  in  Illinois, 
where  two  sons  survive  him.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1878, 
in  his  eighty-fifth  year,  after  an  illness  of  only 
three  days,  in  Sharon,  Mercer  Co.,  Pa. 


WINTER 


1263 


WISCONSIN 


His  enertry  was  more  than  ordinary,  and  his 
character  was  of  a  most  positive  type,  blended  with 
childlike  simplicity  and  tenderness  of  heart.  Ilis 
clearness  of  thought  was  remarkable.  These  traits 
made  him  just  the  man  needed  for  his  day.  Hence, 
in  his  strMffgles  with  the  errors  of  Alexander  Camp- 
bell, he  performed  pre-eminent  service,  and  checked 
materially  the  spread  of  error,  saving  many  churches 
from  beingoverwhelniedanddestroyed.  Iliscrown- 
ing  glory  was  his  great  success  in  winning  souls  to 
Christ.  To  the  l:ist  of  an  honored  and  useful  life 
he  would  not  allow  his  mind  to  remain  inactive, 
but  kept  himself  well  informed  in  general  and  the- 
olngical  learning.  Hence  he  was  always  listened 
to  with  marked  interest,  and  continued  fresh  and 
green  until  he  closed  his  earthly  labors. 

Dr.  Winter  was  twice  married.  His  second  wife 
survives  him,  and  is  the  mother  of  two  prominent 
Baptist  ministers. — Rev.  .J.  D.  Herr,  D.D.,  of  New 
York,  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Bonsall,  of  Rochester.  Pa. 
A  daughter  is  also  married  to  Rev.  David  Williams, 
of  Lewisliurg,  Pa.,  while  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Winter 
is  united  in  marriage  to  Judge  Justin  Miller,  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  St.ates. 

Winter,  Thomas,  D.D.,  son  of  William  and 
Sar.ih  11.  Winter,  was  born  in  the  ancient  borough 
of  Tewkesbury,  Gloucestershii-e,  England,  Feb.  '2<"i, 
179S.  After  attending  the  best  schools  which  the 
place  afforded,  he  was  put  to  the  business  of  his 
father;  was  baptized  May  7,  1815,  by  Rev.  Daniel 
Trotnian  ;  was  soon  after  engaged  in  labor  at  the 
village  stations  of  the  church  until  the  summer  of 
11S19,  when,  with  a  small  company  of  friends,  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  landing  in  New  York, 
October  19.  He  proceeded  at  once  to  Philadelphia, 
and  united  with  the  Sansom  Street  (Fifth)  church. 
lie  established  a  school  for  young  ladies  at  Bur- 
lington, N.  J.,  while  Rev.  J.  H.  Kennard  was  pas- 
tor there;  was  invited  to  settle  with  the  church  at 
Lyon's  Farms,  X.  J.,  and  was  there  ordained,  Revs. 
Thomas  Brown,  of  Scotch  Plains,  and  David  Jones, 
then  of  Newark,  and  others  officiating.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  lt<26  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at 
North  East,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  August, 
1839.  He  then  received  a  c;ill  to  the  neighboring 
church  at  Amenia,  but  dcclinL'd  in  favor  of  a  call 
from  the  Roxborough  church,  Pliiladelpliia,  where 
he  labored  until  October,  1863.  He  then  yielded 
to  the  earnest  request  of  his  former  charge,  and 
returned  to  North  East,  N.  Y.,  but  was  unable  to 
remain  on  account  of  the  climate.  He  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  and  in  ISCi  removed  his  residence 
and  membership  to  Roxborough,  where  he  still 
lives,  full  of  years  and  honors,  amid  the  homes 
and  hearts  of  tho.se  who  cherish  his  former  minis- 
trations in  grateful  remembrance.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  in  18(50  from  the  university  at 
Lewisburg,  Pa.     He  was  for  many  years  the  secre- 


tary of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association  ;  was  moderator  in  1802,  and 
in  that  year  preached  the  doctrinal  sermon  on  "  The 
Government  of  God.''  He  is  a  stanch  Baptist,  and 
an  able  expounder  of  Bible  doctrines.  He  is  quick 
to  detect  what  he  deems  heresy,  and  is  vigorous 
and  pungent  in  his  defense  of  the  truth.  The 
years  of  his  life  have  been  many,  bis  labors  have 
been  abundant;  he  has  kept  the  faith,  the  crown 
is  waiting. 

Winters,  A.  C,  A.M.,  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary 
Winters,  was  born  in  Barrington.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  20, 
183.5.  He  graduated  from  Rochester  University 
in  1865.  The  same  year  was  married  to  Miss 
Hattie  M.  P.ayne,  of  Hainilfon,  N.  Y.  They  both 
obtained  positions  in  the  public  schools  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  Here  they  remained  two  years,  when 
they  went  to  Europe,  and  spent  two  years  attend- 
ing lectures,  and  studying  language  and  history  in 
various  universities.  In  1870  he  was  elected  super- 
intendent of  the  public  .schools  in  Wellsborough, 
Pa.  On  the  opening  of  Cook  Academy,  at  Havana, 
N.  Y.,  in  IS73,  he  became  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
and  in  1875  the  principal  of  the  institution,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  still  holds.  Mrs.  Winters  is  teacher 
of  German  and  French  in  the  academy. 

Wisconsin  Baptist  State   Convention  was 

organized  at  Dilavan  in  July,  1S44.  Its  object 
was  to  preach  the  gospel  and  plant  churches  in  all 
the  Territory  of  Wisconsin.  The  ministers  present 
at  the  organization  were  Rev.  Henry  Topping,  Rev. 
Peter  Conrad,  Rev.  A.  B.  Winchell,  Rev.  Benjamin 
Pierce,  Rev.  E.  M.  Underwood,  and  several  others. 
Peter  Conrad  and  A.  B.  Winchell  were  its  first 
itinerant  missionaries.  For  some  time  previous  to 
this  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
had  sustained  mission;iries  in  the  Territory  and 
aided  the  feeble  churches.  Rev.  A.  Miner  was  at 
this  time  the  general  missionary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  At  this  early  day 
there  seemed  to  be  wide  differences  among  these 
missionary  pioneers  in  regard  to  the  subject  of 
slavery  and  missionary  societies.  The  American 
Baptist  Home  Mi.ssion  Society  and  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union  were  supposed  to  be  in 
affiliation  with  slavery.  Unfortunately,  these  differ- 
ences were  made  prominent  at  the  very  first  meet- 
ing of  this  body.  As  the  result,  it  perished  in  the 
midst  of  unh.ippy  strife  at  its  second  anniversary. 
On  the  9th  of  July,  1846,  at  Esist  Troy,  a  new 
organization  was  effected.  Among  the  brethren 
known  to  be  present  at  this  meeting  were  James 
Delaney,  Lewis  Raymond.  A.  Miner,  J.  W.  Fish, 
P.  Conrad,  Silas  Tucker,  H.  W.  Rc.-d,  N.  Clinton, 
Deacon  Wm.  H.  Byron,  and  Hon.  Charles  Burchard. 
The  meeting  at  which  the  organization  was  effected 
was  held  in  a  grove  of  oaks  in  the  outskirts  of  the 
village  under  the  open  sky.     Deacon  William  II. 


WISCONSIN 


1264 


WISCONSIN 


Byron  in  fervent  prayer  committed  tlie  olyeet  of 
the  meeting  to  the  (Jod  of  missions.  Rev.  Lewis 
Raymond  was  elected  moderator,  and  Rev.  J'eter 
Conrad  clerk.  Wm.  II.  Byron  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, and  II.  W.  Reed,  of  Whitewater,  secretary. 
The  body  thus  organized  was  called  '"  The  Wisconsin 
Baptist  General  Association,''  and  was  auxiliary  to 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society. 

The  work  of  the  Convention  has  been  to  foster 
the  feeble  churches  of  the  State,  and  plant  churches 
in  the  destitute  portions.  Its  relations  with  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  have  been 
of  the  most  fraternal  character,  and  for  many  years 
the  two  organizations  co  operated  in  the  missionary 
work  of  the  State.  The  Convention  has  made  in 
the  efforts  of  thirty-four  years,  either  alone  or  in 
co-operation  with  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis- 
sion Society,  600  missionary  appointments,  and 
through  the  general  and  local  missionaries  has 
organized  more  than  100  churches,  and  extended 
aid  to  almost  every  Baptist  church  in  the  State. 
In  this  work  it  has  expended  about  $200,000.  Its 
missionaries  have  baptized  more  than  2000  converts. 
It  has  fostered  the  work  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union  and  that  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society,  and  given  sympathy  to  the 
educational  work  of  the  State ;  and  now  has  its 
outposts  along  the  lines  of  new  railroads  and  far 
out  in  the  newer  portions  of  the  State.  The  Con- 
vention is  now  (1880)  better  prepared  for  efficient 
work  than  ever  before.  Rev.  D.  E.  Halteman  is  the 
president,  M.  G.  Hodge,  D.D.,  president  of  the 
board,  and  Rev.  A.  R.  Medbury  the  efficient  super- 
intendent and  corresponding  secretary. 

Wisconsin,  Baptists  of— The   first   Baptist 

minister  who  preached  the  gospel  in  Wisconsin 
was  Rev.  James  Griffin,  who  died  in  Pcwaukee  in 
1876.  He  organized  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
the  Territory  in  Milwaukee  in  1837.  The  city  now 
numbering  150,000  inhabitants  was  then  a  small 
village.  Mr.  Griffin  was  its  first  pastor.  Rev. 
Peter  Conrad,  then  just  graduated  from  Hamilton 
Theological  Institution,  was  settled  as  pastor  in 
1841.  Rev.  Lewis  Raymond  was  settled  in  1843. 
The  church,  after  passing  through  some  vicissi- 
tudes, is  now  thoroughly  established,  with  Dr.  M. 
G.  Hodge  as  pastor.  There  are  two  other  Amer- 
ican Baptist  churches  in  the  city, — the  Spring 
Street  and  the  South, — also  two  German  churches. 

The  second  church  in  the  Territory  was  organ- 
ized by  Rev.  Benjamin  Pierce,  in  1837,  at  Roches- 
ter, Racine  Co.,  the  organization  dating  a  few 
months  later  than  that  of  Milwaukee.  Rev.  Isaac 
T.  Hinton,  the  first  Baptist  missionary  sent  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  Chi- 
cago, was  present  and  assisted  in  the  organization. 
The  church  was  disbanded  several  years  ago. 

The  third  church  organized  in  the  Territory  was 


the  church  in  Delavan.  The  place  was  settled  by 
two  brothers, — Baptists, — Henry  and  Samuel  Phoe- 
nix, of  Perry,  N.  Y.  The  first  sermon  preached 
in  the  place  was  by  Benjamin  Pierce  to  an  audience 
of  eleven  persons,  in  the  autumn  of  183t).  The  Bap- 
tist church  was  organized  in  the  autumn  of  1839, 
with  seventeen  members.  Rev.  Henry  Topping 
was  the  first  pastor.  During  his  pastorate  of  five 
years  the  church  grew  from  17  to  13'J  members. 
The  first  meeting-house  erected  in  the  Territory 
was  built  by  this  church  in  1840. 

The  fourth  church  organized  was  that  of  Prai- 
rieville  (now  Waukesha),  in  the  autumn  of  1839,  a 
little  later  than  that  of  Delavan.  It  was  gathered 
and  organized  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Griffin,  who 
was  its  first  pastor.  Five  years  after  its  organiza- 
tion it  reported  158  members.  Churches  were 
soon  after  organized  at  Southport,  Sheboygan,  and 
Lisbon. 

The  first  Association  in  the  Territory  was  formed 
at  Prairieville  in  October,  1839,  and  consisted  of 
seven  churches, — Rochester,  Southport,  Milwaukee, 
Delavan,  Lisbon,  Sheboygan,  and  Jefferson.  The 
name  given  to  the  Association  was  the  Wisconsin 
Central.  The  number  of  members  is  not  stated  in 
the  minutes.  Rev.  Benjamin  Pierce  was  moder- 
ator, and  P.  M.  Ilollister  clerk.  The  only  minis- 
ter present  at  this  meeting  besides  the  moderator 
was  Rev.  Richard  Griffin.  The  next  session  of  the 
Association  was  held  the  following  year  at  South- 
port.  At  the  third  meeting  of  this  body,  held  at 
Delavan  in  1841,  and  in  (he  first  Baptist  meeting- 
house erected  in  the  Territory,  thirteen  churches 
were  reported  and  eight  ministers.  In  1843  the 
churches  had  increased  to  twenty,  and  there  were 
fourteen  ordained  ministers,  several  licentiates,  and 
a  membership  of  between  600  and  700.  Among 
the  ministers  present  were  Griffin,  Topping,  Lake, 
Conrad,  Miner,  Carr,  and  Wiiichell.  So  rapid  was 
the  growth  of  this  body  that  at  its  seventh  anniver- 
sary it  reported  more  than  thirty  churches  with 
settled  pastors,  and  1500  communicants. 

Milwaukee  Association. — Out  of  this  mother  of 
Associations  the  Milwaukee  Association  was  organ- 
ized, Sept.  9,  184(5,  at  Sun  Prairie.  Rev.  T.  L. 
Pillsbury  preached  the  opening  sermon.  Rev. 
Peter  Conrad  was  the  moderator,  and  Rev.  II.  W. 
Read  the  clerk.  Sixteen  churches  were  repre- 
sented, of  which  twelve  reported  settled  pastors, 
with  the  regular  preaching  of  the  gospel.  The 
total  membership  of  the  churches  was  ()20. 

Walworth  Association. — June  24,  1846,  the  Wal- 
worth Association  was  organized  at  Whitewater. 
Rev.  P.  W.  Lake  was  the  moderator,  and  Rev. 
Spencer  Carr  clerk.  Rev.  J.  H.  Dudley  preached 
the  opening  sermon.  Fourteen  churches  composed 
the  organization.  There  were  ten  pastors  and  a 
total  membership  of  889. 


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1265 


WISCONSIN 


Racine  Association. — Sept.  24,  1846,  the  Racine 
Association  was  organized  at  Racine.  Rev.  Silas 
Tucker  was  the  moderator,  and  Charles  S.  Wright 
clerk.  Eight  churches,  with  eight  ministers,  en- 
tered the  Association.  A  total  membership  of  414 
was  reported. 

The  above  Associations  having  been  formed  from 
the  churches  of  the  Wisconsin  Association,  and  oc- 
cupyinir  the  field  of  the  mother  .\ssociation,  that 
body  held  its  last  meeting  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Delavan,  June  24,  li^45.  Roswell  Cheeney 
preached  the  introductory  sermon.  Lewis  Ray- 
mond was  the  moderator,  and  Henry  Topping  the 
clerk. 

Thus  it  appears  that  in  eight  years  after  the  or- 
ganization of  the  first  Baptist  church  in  the  Terri- 
tory there  were  thirty-six. churches  organized,  with 
a  membership  of  nearly  200D,  and  thirty  pastors. 

Early  Educational  Mucements. — The  first  meeting 
for  educational  purposes  in  the  .State  was  held  at 
Beloit,  Nov.  5  and  6,  18 jl.  Of  this  meeting  Na- 
thaniel Crosby,  of  .Janesville,  was  chairman,  and  J. 
W.  Fish,  of  Geneva,  was  clerk.  Among  those  pres- 
ent were  Ichabod  Clark,  of  Rockfurd,  111.  ;  Charles 
Hill  Roe,  D.D.,  then  just  arrived  from  England, 
and  afterwards  the  widely-known  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Belvideve,  111.;  James 
Schofield,  the  father  of  Gen.  Schofield,  of  the  U.  S. 
army,  and  Dr.  James  V.  Schofield,  of  .St.  Louis, 
who  was  then  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Free- 
port,  111.  ;  Lewis  Raymond,  A.  J.  .loslyn,  Prof. 
S.  S.  Whitman,  and  James  Delaney.  Profs.  Stone 
and  Graves,  of  Kalamazoo  Literary  and  Theolog- 
ical Institute,  Mich.,  were  present,  and  proposed  to 
these  brethren  in  Wisconsin  and  Northern  Illinois 
co-operation  with  the  brethren  in  .Michigan  in  the 
educational  work  of  the  State,  by  sending  students 
to  their  school  at  Kalamazoo,  and  furnishing  their 
quota  of  means  for  its  support.  The  plan  of  co- 
operation, after  long  and  mature  consideration,  was 
not  agreed  to.  The  institution  at  Kalamazoo  was, 
however,  commended  to  the  churches  of  the  State 
and  to  young  men  seeking  theological  instruction. 
The  following  resolutions  were  adopted : 

I.  That  this  Convention  proceed  to  form  an  edu- 
cation society,  which  shall  emltrace  the  Baptists  of 
the  Northwest,  and  secure,  as  far  as  practicable, 
the  co-operation  of  brethren  in  Northern  Illinois, 
Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  Minnesota. 

II.  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  fix  upon 
the  location  for  a  literary  and  theological  institu- 
tion ;  that  that  committee  be  authorized  to  receive 
propositions  from  such  places  as  may  desire  the 
institution,  and  from  a  survey  of  the  comparative 
advantages  decide,  reporting  their  decision  to  a 
future  meeting  of  the  Education  Society,  which 
shall  confirm  or  annul  it. 

Articles  of  constitution  were  adopted,  and  offi- 


cers and  a  board  of  directors  elected.  Elisba 
Tucker.  D.U.,  was  elected  president,  and  Rev.  Jirah 
D.  Cole,  D.D.,  corresponding  secretary.  Among 
the  names  of  members  of  the  board  the  following 
appeared :  Rev.  L.  W.  Lawrence,  Rev.  O.  J.  Dear- 
born, George  Haskell,  D.I).,  and  Rev.  H.  G.  Weston, 
then  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Peoria, 
111. 

The  board  at  once  issued  an  address  to  the 
churches  of  the  Northwest.  In  giving  their  rea- 
sons for  the  establishment  of  a  theological  semi- 
nary in  the  Northwest,  they  named  among  others 

(1)  the  great  and  rapid  growth  of  the  Northwest, 

(2)  the  hundreds  of  churches  destitute  of  pastors, 

(3)  the  retention,  in  the  East,  of  the  best  Western 
men  educated  in  Eastern  colleges  and  seminaries, 

(4)  the  importance  of  having  the  pastors  of  West- 
ern churches  educated  in  Western  institutions,  (5) 
and  the  reflex  influence  upon  the  churches  them- 
selves. It  is  believed  that  this  was  the  first  Educa- 
tional Convention  of  any  considerable  importance 
held  in  the  Northwest.  The  design  was  to  estab- 
lish a  theological  school,  centrally  located,  for  the 
States  of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  Iowa.  It  origi- 
nated with  Wisconsin  Baptists,  and  Beloit  was  ex- 
pected to  be  the  site  of  the  institution ;  and,  although 
these  hopes  were  not  fully  realized,  the  movement 
inaugurated  at  this  Convention  had  an  important 
bearing  in  educating  public  sentiment  and  prepar- 
ing the  way  for  the  establishment  of  the  theologi- 
cal seminary  at  Chicago  fifteen  years  later. 

Statistics. — There  are  in  the  State  11  English- 
speaking  Associations,  containing  165  churches, 
with  a  total  membership  of  10,206.  Of  this  num- 
ber, 1806  are  non-resident  members.  There  are  in 
the  State  24  foreign-speaking  churches,  with  si 
membership  of  1200,  and  adding  the  membership 
of  unassociated  churches,  the  grand  total  of  Bap- 
tists in  Wisconsin  is  12,000.  But  yi  of  the  16.5 
churches  have  pastors,  and  of  these  91  some  have 
the  pastor  but  a  part  of  the  time.  Many  of  the 
churches  are  small  and  the  membership  much  scat- 
tered. In  1875,  according  to  the  State  census,  the 
population  of  the  State  was  1,236,(XX),  giving  23 
inlial)itants  to  the  square  mile.  This  population  is 
very  unequally  distributed  over  the  54. (KX)  square 
miles  of  territory.  The  two  northern  .Associations 
— the  Central  and  the  St.  Croix — extend  over  more 
than  half  the  area, 'and  yet  contain  less  than  one- 
seventh  of  the  population  of  the  State,  they  having 
less  than  6  inhabitant."  to  the  square  mile,  while 
the  rest  of  the  State  hsis  an  average  of  44  to  the 
square  mile, — the  densest  population  being  in  the 
Lake  Shore  Association,  which  has  85  inhabitants 
to  the  square  mile.  These  two  Associations — the 
Central  and  the  St.  Croix^-contain  respectively 
14,000  and  16,000  square  miles,  while  the  Wal- 
I  worth  Association  contains  only  700  square  miles. 


WISCONSIN 


1266 


WISCONSIN 


In  populiition  the  Luke  Shore  Association,  with 
330,000  inhabitants,  is  the  hirgest,  and  Walworth, 
with  32,000,  the  smallest.  The  total  niiMil)er  of 
memhers  of  our  associated  cluiridii-s  is  a  little  less 
than  one  per  cent,  of  the  population,  tlicre  hein^ 
one  Baptist  to  108  inhabitants.  The  smallest  pro- 
portion of  Baptists  is  in  the  Dane  Association  (one 
to  250  persons),  and  the  largest  proportion  is  in 
the  Wuhvorth  Association  (one  to  20),  and  in  the 
Janesville  Association  (one  to  43  persons).  Next 
to  the  Dane  the  Lake  Shore  Association  has  the 
smallest  proportion  of  Baptists  (one  to  100  per- 
sons). In  the  city  of  Milwaukee  the  Baptists  are 
very  few,  beinj;  in  proportion  of  one  Baptist  to  190 
of  population,  but  the  fourteen  other  cities  having 
a  population  of  over  5000  each  will  average  one 
Baptist  to  04  inhabitants,  showing  that  we  are 
stronger  in  proportion  in  the  cities  than  in  the 
country.  The  churches  average  03  members.  But 
one  church  in  the  State  reports  a  membership  of 
over  400, — that  of  Delavan, — and  but  two  churches 
report  a  membership  of  300  and  less  than  400.  The 
churches  of  Janesville  and  Kacine,  and  the  great 
majority  of  the  105  churches,  have  less  than  100 
members. 

Sunday-schools. — There  are  in  the  State  149 
Suntlay-schools,  with  1505  officers  and  teachers, 
and  10,540  scholars,  and  an  average  attendance  last 
year  of  8240.  Thirty-two  churches  are  without 
Sunday-schools.  There  are  22  mission  Sunday- 
schools. 

Mission  Circles. — There  are  01  foreign  mission 
circles  and  18  mission  bands  in  the  State.  These 
circles  raised  last  year  $1500.  Of  our  105  churches, 
104  have  no  circles.  The  number  of  home  mission 
circles  cannot  be  ascertained,  as  the  work  of  organ- 
izing them  has  but  just  commenced  in  the  State. 

Ministers  and  Pastors. — There  are  in  the  State 
197  ordained  ministers.  Of  these,  97  are  pastors. 
One  hundred  of  our  ordained  ministers  are  without 
fields  of  labor,  although  08  of  our  churches  arc 
without  pastors,  and  scores  of  cities,  towns,  and 
villages  in  the  State  are  without  Baptist  churches. 

Church  Property. — The  value  of  the  church  prop- 
erty is  in  the  aggregate  about  §500,000.  On  this 
property  there  is  an  indebtedness  of  .?30,000.  The 
largest  and  finest  Baptist  meeting-house  in  the 
State  is  that  of  the  cliureh  in  Janesville,  erected  in 
1868,  at  a  cost  of  §45,000.  The  First  church  in 
Milwaukee,  First  in  Oshkosh,  Racine,  La  Crosse, 
and  Beloit  have  good  houses  of  worship.  The 
church  at  Delavan  is  engaged  in  building  a  fine 
house. 

Church  Expenses  and  Bcnerolence. — The  churches 
of  the  State  raised  last  year  for  local  church  ex- 
penses §1 16,727.34,  and  for  Christian  benevolence 
$12,378.67,  a  grand  total  of  $129,106.01,  an  average 
for  each  resident  member  of  $11.73  for  local  church 


expenses  and  $1.90  for  Christian   benevolence,  a 
total  average  of  $13.03  per  member. 

Comparisons. — How  Baptists  stand  in  proportion 
to  the  population  in  other  States  may  be  ascer- 
tained by  a  glance  at  the  following  table,  which 
was  prepared  by  Maj.  11.  M.  Uobert,  of  tlie  U.  S. 
army,  and  published  in  the  minutes  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin State  Convention  for  1877-78,  and  I  am  in- 
debted to  his  kindness  for  its  use  here: 


Population. 

1!>77. 

D«ptiBta. 
1877. 

Population  to 
1  Biiptist. 

l,57r.,nuo 

30.0110.0110 
lr,,7iKi.i«Ki 
40,700,000 

l2,fino 

6011.1100 
I.JIKI.IIOO 
2,000,000 

101 

Norlheni  StiitfS 

60 

United  States 

23 

BelKiiMs lO.tKX) 

Audlrianx 10,000 

Swerii-s tJ.llOO 

Freiicli fi.lKK) 

All  otber  foreignere 11,000 


Foreign  Population. — The  proportion  of  foreign- 
ers to  Americans  is  greater  in  Wisconsin  than  any 
other  State.  The  proportion  of  foreigners  in  the 
Northern  States  and  in  the  Southern  is  very  dis- 
proportionate, it  being  nearly  five  times  as  great 
in  the  Northern  States  as  in  the  Southern  States. 
Of  the  Northern  States,  the  greatest  proportion  of 
foreigners  is  in  Wisconsin,  where  it  is  sixty-four 
per  cent.,  or  two-thirds  of  the  entire  population. 
The  following  table  will  give  a  clear  view  of  the 
proportion  of  foreigners  to  the  English-speaking 
population.  For  a  population  of  1,236,000  we 
should  have  the  following  figures: 

Americrtng 440,000 

F.irpllrne™  (  Ellgll6ll.»poaking,  250,000  t     -o.,™, 

torelgnere |  Fi.mKn-spvaking,  640,000/    ""•"*'*' 

Germans S.'io.oOO     ' 

Norwegians 87,ooii 

niilieniians 2 1,000 

Holhiiiders l:l,c"  0 

Swiss lii.iOii 

Danes 11,000 

Wisconsin  has  three  and  one-quarter  times  as 
many  foreigners,  or  five  times  as  many  foreign- 
speaking  foreigners,  as  the  average  tliriiughout  the 
Northern  States.  Omitting  the  Border  States  of 
Maryland  and  Missouri,  Wisconsin  has  forty  times 
as  many  foreigners  to  one  thousand  Americans  as 
the  Southern  States.  If  Wisconsin  were  to  lose 
.550,000  of  her  foreign  population,  she  would  then 
have  just  her  share  of  foreigners  compared  with  the 
other  Northern  States. 

These  facts  must  be  known  in  order  to  understand 
Wisconsin  as  a  mission  field.  These  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  foreigners  are  here  without  evangel- 
ical religion,  and  even  without  evangelical  belief 
Every  form  of  unbelief  is  industriously  at  work  to 
mould  and  control  these  rising  communities. 
Romanism,  infidelity,  and  a  subtle  liberalism  are 
uniting  their  forces  in  almost  superhuman  effort 
to  shape  the  foundation  of  things.  There  is  no 
more  important  mission  field  on  the  American  con- 
tinent than  Wisconsin,  and,  unless  Christians  in 
the  older  States  bestir  themselves,  these  growing 
centres  of  population  and  all  sorts  of  power  will 


WITT 


1267 


WITT 


crystallize  into  strongholds  of  Satan.  These  facts, 
too,  will  explain  the  feeble  comlition  ami  slow 
growth  of  our  churches  durin;;  tlie  last  fifteen 
years.  They  are  planted  rir;lit  in  the  centres  of 
this  infidelity,  and  surrounded  by  an  almost  im- 
pregnable opposition. 

Witt,  Daniel,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Bedford  Co., 
Va.,  Nov.  8,  18U1.  His  parents  were  both  exem- 
plary Christians.  Ilis  health  was  f|uite  frail  all 
through  life,  and  very  few  of  his  friends  supposed 
that  he  could  live  any  great  length  of  time.  His 
quickening    into    a    new  life    began    in   August, 

1821,  during  what  was  at  that  time  called  a  "  Sec- 
tion meeting,"  held  at  Hatcher's  meeting-house. 
Here  began  that  attachment  between  himself  and 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter  which  continued  unbroken 
until  Mr.  Witt's  death.  For  many  weeks  he  con- 
tinued in  deep  anguish  of  spirit ;  but  on  the  21st 
of  October,  1821,  he  was  enaljled  to  rejoice  in  a 
good  hope,  through  grace;  and  in  December  of 
the  same  year  he  was  baptized.  He  immediately' 
began  to  take  part  in  the  neighborhood  prayer- 
meetings  and  in  publicly  addressing  the  impeni- 
tent.    His  first  sermon  was  preached  on  Feb.  1 1 , 

1822,  and  he  was  licensed  April  13  of  the  same 
year.  He  soon  traveled  through  the  counties  of 
Henry,  Patrick,  Pittsylvania,  and  Campbell,  preach- 
ing continually  the  gospel,  and  with  marked  suc- 
cess. In  the  winter  of  1822-23  he  visited  Rich- 
mond, and  preached  to  the  congregations  there 
with  great  acceptance ;  soon  after  he  made  an- 
other visit,  and  formed  the  acquaintance  of  some  of 
the  most  prominent  ministers  of  Lower  Virginia, 
among  them  Rice,  Semple,  Broaddus,  Baptist,  and 
Kerr.  On  the  formation  of  the  fieneral  Associa- 
tion in  1823,  Dr.  Witt  and  his  friend  Dr.  Jeter 
were  appointed  its  first  missionaries,  and  the  field 
assigned  them  embraced  the  counties  of  Henry, 
Patrick,  Montgomery,  Grayson,  Giles,  Wythe, 
Monroe,  Greenbrier,  Pocahontas,  Allegliany,  Bath, 
Rockbridge,  and  Botetourt,  throughout  the  whole 
extent  of  which  there  were  but  a  few  feeble  Bap- 
tist churches,  while  at  the  same  time  there  was 
great  spiritual  darkness,  and  a  bitterly-developing 
anti-missionary  spirit.  They  preached  everywhere 
and  continually,  and  were  the  instruments  of  doing 
much  good.  This  being  rather  an  exploring  trip 
than  a  permanent  missionary  engagement,  tliey 
passed  into  and  through  the  southeastern  portions 
of  the  State,  and  thence  to  King  and  Queen,  where 
they  were  to  nnike  their  report  to  the  board  of  the 
General  Association  at  its  session  in  the  fall.  Mr. 
Witt  remained  with  Dr.  Semple  for  a  few  months 
after  the  meeting  of  the  board,  making  some  prep- 
aration with  him  for  wider  usefulness  in  his  work. 
Still  acting  as  missionary,  he  passed  to  Williams- 
burg, which  he  nmde  bis  headquarters,  and  preached 
with  great  success  both  there  and  in  the  adjoining 


counties.  After  the  winter  of  1823-24  he  returned 
to  his  home  in  Bedford,  and.  still  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  board,  continued  his  labors  in  the  Valley 
of  Virginia. 

Near  the  close  of  the  year  1824  he  removed  to 
Charlotte,  to  assist  the  Rev.*  A.  W.  Clopton  in  his 
interesting  field  of  labor  there.  The  relation  thus 
formed  was  of  great  benefit  to  Mr.  Witt,  as  he  en- 
joyed the  instructions  of  one  who  had  received  a 
collegiate  education,  and  who  owned  a  larger 
library,  perhaps,  than  any  other  Baptist  minister 
in  the  State,  and  who  at  the  same  time  wa.s  "a 
diligent  student,  a  sound  preacher,  an  indefatigable 
laborer,  and  one  of  the  most  devotedly  pious  men.'" 
His  preaching  here  was  very  attractive,  drawing 
large  congregations,  and,  so  far  as  can  be  learned, 
successful.  Here  also,  in  1825,  he  had  a  severe 
attack  of  sickness,  which  brought  him  almost  to 
the  grave.  After  leaving  Charlotte  he  went  to 
Prince  Edward  County,  and  having  organizeil  the 
Sharon  church  at  Sandy  River,  he  liecame  its 
pastor,  and  continued  in  that  relation,  highly 
honored  and  loved,  for  forty-five  years,  until  his 
death.  During  this  long  period  his  church  was 
blessed  witli  frequent  revivals ;  large  numbers  were 
added,  not  only  to  his  own  church,  but  also  to 
others,  and  it  is  said  that  there  were  very  few  per- 
sons in  the  church  at  any  particular  time  that  were 
not  converted.  Dr.  Witt,  while  pastor  of  the 
Sharon  church,  was  also  occasionaUy  pastor  of  other 
churches,  such  as  Jamestown,  in  Cumberland  ; 
Union,  in  Prince  Edward  ;  and  Lebanon,  in  Notto- 
way. It  is  thought  that  he  baptized  during  his 
long  career  as  a  minister  at  least  2500  persons.  In 
all  related  duties  outside  the  pulpit  Dr.  Witt  was 
punctual  and  efficient.  In  Associational  meetings 
he  was  genial  in  manner,  dignified  in  bearing, 
weighty  in  counsel,  and  ready  to  perform  any  ser- 
vice assigned  him.  Sickness  and  death,  at  dif- 
ferent times,  in  the  household  which  he  so  much 
loved  saddened  the  latter  days  of  this  good  man's 
life,  though  no  more  submissive  spirit  ever  mani- 
fested itself  in  like  circumstances  than  that  which 
characterized  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  died 
Nov.  15,  1871,  in  his  seventy-first  year,  full  of 
honors,  and  greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him. 

As  a  man,  his  most  intimate  friend  has  said  that 
he,  "of  all  the  active  men  whom  he  had  known, 
was  the  most  faultless."  He  was  marked  for  his 
genuine  humility.  He  was  very  disinterested. 
His  piety  was  beautiful  and  attractive.  As  a 
preacher,  he  could  have  no  higher  encomium  than 
this,  "  His  sermons  were  full  of  Christ.  He 
preaclieil  him  first,  him  last,  him  all  the  time. 
With  Witt  the  theme  never  grew  old,  never  lost 
its  interest  or  its  power,  and  was  never  exhausted. 
To  the  last  day  of  his  life  he  could  find  something 
new  to  preach  al)out  Christ." 


WITT 


1268 


WOMACK 


Witt,  Jesse,  was  Ijorn  in  Virjiini.i.  After  liis 
conversion  lie  preached  with  marked  success  in 
churches  in  the  region  between  Petersburg  and 
Lynchburj; ;  removed  to  Texas  about  1851;  la- 
bored in  Eastern  Texas  with  great  ability  and  sig- 
nal success.  In  natural  force  he  was  in  no  respect 
inferior  to  his  brother,  Daniel  Witt,  the  early  com- 
panion and  life-long  friend  of  Jeremiah  B.  Jeter. 
lie  rarely  failed  to  produce  a  profound  impression 
by  his  perspicuous,  earnest,  and  fervent  preaching. 
He  died  when  about  fifty  years  of  age,  a  short  time 
before  the  civil  war. 

Wolfe,  Hon.  C.  S.,  was  bom  at  Lewisburg,  Pa., 
April  6,  1845.  He  graduated  at  the  university  at 
Lewisburg  in  1866,  and  in  Harvard  Law-School  in 
July,  1868.  He  was  admitted  to  Union  County 
bar  at  the  .September  term  of  1868.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Lewisburg  school  board  from  1871 
to  1873.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania house  of  representatives  since  1873. 

Mr.  Wolfe  is  one  of  the  most  talented  young  men 
in  the  State.  He  is  a  power  in  the  Legislature. 
His  integrity,  his  indignation  against  corruption, 
his  fearless  courage,  his  ready  use  of  weighty  ar- 
guments, have  given  him  a  remarkable  prominence 
in  a  body  where  there  are  many  men  of  ability  and 
of  mature  years.  His  constituents  admire  him,  and 
the  enemies  of  corruption  in  State  affairs  applaud 
him.  The  people  of  his  State  regard  him  as  one 
whose  name  and  influence  will  not  be  long  confined 
to  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Wolfe  is  an  honored  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Lewisburg,  and  since  1875  a  member  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  university  at  that 
place. 

Wolverton,  B.ev.  John,  was  born  about  1775, 
of  New  Jersey  parentage.  But  little  is  known  of 
his  earlier  life.  We  find  him  as  a  licentiate  in 
the  Shamokin  Baptist  church.  Pa.,  in  1807  ;  he  was 
ordained  in  1811.  He  died  May  20,  1822.  He 
served  the  church  with  much  acceptance  and  use- 
fulness for  fifteen  years. 

Womack,  B.  E.,  D.D.,  was  bom  Dec.  23,  1846. 
His  parents  were  Abner  C.  Womack  and  Isabella 
Blackburn  Patton.  His  birthplace  w.is  near  Belle- 
fonte,  Jackson  Co.,  Ala.  In  early  life  he  was  a  gre.it 
reader  of  all  sorts  of  books,  and  especi.illy  of  the 
New  Testament.  The  Saviour  found  him  and  re- 
vealed his  love  in  his  heart,  after  which  he  was 
baptized,  in  1865,  at  Kyle's  Spring,  Jackson  Co., 
Ala.,  where  service  was  sustained  by  an  "  arm"  of 
Friendship  Baptist  church.  Soon  after  he  began  to 
pray  and  speak  in  public,  when  a  revival  descended 
from  the  throne  of  the  heavenly  grace  and  scores 
of  his  irreligious  friends  were  converted  to  God, 
and  a  church  w.is  organized  at  Kyle's  Springs, 
which  he  named  Bethel. 

Determined  to  secure  an  education,  of  which  he 


had  a  very  exalted  opinion,  and  to  the  acquisition 
of  which  he  was  greatly  encouraged  by  the  words 
in  Webster's  old  spelling-book,  "  Assiduous  study 
will  accomplish  anything  within  human  power,'- 


B.  R.  WdM.MK,   U.D. 

he  entered  Union  University,  Murfreesborough, 
Tcnn.,  in  1868,  where  he  remained  fuur  ye.irs,  de- 
livering the  valedictory  in  1872.  He  declined  a 
professorship  in  Latin  which  was  offered  to  him. 
He  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi- 
nary the  same  year,  and  remained  in  it  three  ses- 
sions, and  graduated  in  all  the  schools  except  one. 
He  then  entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Chi- 
cago, and  graduated  as  a  post-graduate  in  187,5-76, 
giving  his  whole  time  to  ecclesiastical  history  and 
philosophy.  This  Last  period  of  study  he  regarded 
as  the  most  profitable  of  his  life. 

He  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Broad  Street 
church  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  where  be  labored  eighteen 
months.  In  October,  1877,  he  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  but, 
tlirough  failing  health,  resigned  in  December,  1879, 
and  became  editor  of  the  lioptist  llefleilor,  of  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  in  connection  with  the  Rev.  .J.  B. 
Cheves.  The  paper  at  the  time  was  in  a  very  low- 
condition,  but  it  speedily  received  new  life,  and 
became  a  power  in  Tennessee. 

Mr.  Wom.ick  early  in  this  year  yielded  to  the 
urgent  request  of  the  Baptists  of  Arkansas  to  take 
oh.irge  of  the  Arkansas  Erangel,  with  Rev.  .1.  B. 
Searcy  as  associate  editor,  in  .Southe.istern  Arkansas. 
The  paper  is  succeeding  admir.ibly.  He  has  recently 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 


WOMAN'S 


1269 


WOMEN'S 


Dr.  Woiriack  is  endowed  witli  a.  fine  intellect, 
superior  attainments,  great  piety,  and  enduring 
perseverance.  If  his  life  is  spared  he  will  perform 
effective  service  for  the  Saviour  and  for  the  Baptist 
denomination  which  he  instituted,  and  of  which 
he  was  the  head. 

Woman's  Baptist  (Foreignj  Missionary  So- 
ciety.— The  formation  of  women  into  separate  nr- 
ganizations  for  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of  for- 
eign missions  is  .1  thing  of  comparatively  recent 
date.  The  leading  evangelical  denominations  in 
this  country  have  such  women's  societies  in  con- 
nection with  their  general  missionary  societies. 
.Many  earnest  workers  among  the  women  of  the 
Baptist  churches  felt,  as  far  hack  as  1869  and  1870, 
that  the  time  had  come  for  them  to  organize  such 
societies.  In  January,  1X71,  there  came  from  Mrs. 
Carpenter,  <if  the  Bassein  Mission,  a  most  touching 
appeal  for  the  formation  of  women's  societies,  which 
should  be  auxiliary  to  the  Missionary  Union.  The 
first  movement  towards  an  answer  to  this  appeal 
was  made  in  Newton  Centre  by  the  meeting  to- 
gether of  eleven  ladies,  members  of  the  church  in 
that  place,  on  the  2Stli  of  February,  1^71,  to  consult 
together  about  what  couM  be  done  more  effectually 
to  reach  heathen  women  through  schools  and  Chris- 
tian training.  At  the  meeting  a  beginning  was 
maile  by  choosing  officers,  drafting  a  constitution, 
and  preparing  a  circular  to  be  presented  to  the 
churches,  to  interest  the  female  im-mbers  in  the 
work  of  missions.  A  meeting  of  about  200  ladies 
was  held  at  the  Clarendon  Street  church,  Boston, 
on  the  3d  of  April,  1871,  and  the  Woman's  Baptist 
.Missionary  Society  was  formally  organized,  the 
purpose  being  distinctly  avowed  that  it  was  to  be 
auxiliary  to  the  Union.  The  compensation  of  the 
female  missionaries  appointr'd  by  the  society  and 
the  distribution  of  fumis  raised  are  left  with  the 
parent  society.  The  amount  raised  during  the  first 
seven  years  of  the  existence  of  the  society  h.is  been 
$193,448.92.  The  field  of  the  home  operations  of 
the  society  is  the  New  Krigland  and  Middle  States 
and  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  f  dinwing  mis- 
sionaries have  been  appointed  by  the  Union  at  the 
suggestion  of  the  society,  ami  their  support  has 
come  from  its  treasury :  Miss  Kate  F.  Evans,  Miss 
Cornelia  II.  Uand.  The  four  following  were  al- 
reaily  on  the  foreign  field  :  Misses  Ilaswell,  Gage, 
Watson,  and  Adams.  These  ladies  were  the  ob- 
jects of  the  society's  special  care  the  first  year  of 
its  existence.  Miss  Sarah  B.  Barrows  was  sent  out 
the  second  year,  and  the  support  of  Mrs.  M.  C. 
Douglass  was  assumed  by  the  society.  Two  ladies 
were  sent  out  the  third  year, — Miss  Lawrence  and 
Jlrs.  .J.  .J.  Longley.  Misses  Manning,  Walling,  and 
Stetson  received  appointments  in  the  fourth  year, 
and  Miss  Chace,  Mrs.  Estabrooks.  Miss  Sands,  and 
Miss  Kidder  in  the  fifth  year.     Two  appointments 


were  made  the  sixth  year, — Miss  Sheldon  and  Miss 
Payne;  and  Misses  Bromley,  McAllister,  Kathbun, 
and  Day  the  last  year.  Some  other  female  mis- 
sionaries in  the  foreign  field  have  also  received  aid 
from  this  society.  During  the  last  year  Misses 
Batson  and  Russell  were  sent  out.  It  has  been 
felt  that  it  is  the  special  work  of  the  society  to  look 
after  the  education  of  females.  It  labors  in  entire 
harmony  with  the  Missionary  Union,  and  is  its 
most  valuable  and  reliable  helper.  The  society 
was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  of  Massachu- 
setts in  October,  1874.  Its  present  officers  are  Mrs. 
Gardner  Colby,  President;  Mrs.  J.  N.  Murdoch, 
Vice-President;  Miss  S.  C.  Durfee,  Clerk;  Mrs. 
Alvah  Hovey,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  Miss  Mary 
E.  Clarke,  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Corresponding 
Secretary.  The  receipts  for  1880  were  •?46. 178.32. 
Woman's  Baptist  Missionary  Society  of  the 

West. — The  idea  of  a  Baptist  woman's  organiza- 
tion, to  co-operate  with  the  Missionary  Union  in 
carrying  the  gospel,  especially  to  heathen  women, 
seems  to  have  first  been  discussed  in  the  West,  at 
a  farewell  service  held  in  Chicago  in  August,  1870, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  departure  of  one  of  the  mis- 
sionaries of  the  Union  to  the  field  of  his  labor  in 
.\ssam.  The  idea  ripened  into  the  formation  of 
"  The  AVoman's  Baptist  Missionary  Society  of  the 
West"  on  the  9th  of  May,  1871,  with  Mrs.  Robert 
Harris  as  President;  Mrs.  C.  N.  Holden,  Vice- 
President  ;  Mrs.  C.  F.  Tolman,  Corresponding 
Secretary  ;  Mrs.  A.  M.  Bacon,  Recording  Secre- 
tary :  Mrs.  S.  M.  O.sgood,  Treasurer ;  and  an  ex- 
ecutive board  of  ladies  chosen  from  different 
churches.  The  two  societies,  the  one  in  the  East 
and  the  other  in  the  West,  were  formed  within  a 
few  weeks  of  each  other.  They  both  announced 
the  same  object  to  he  accomplished,  and  both  are 
auxiliary  to  the  Missionary  Union,  making  the 
eastern  boundary  of  the  Ohio  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  two.  The  first  lady  who  volunteered  to 
go  out  under  the  auspices  of  the  new  society  was 
.Miss  A.  L.  Stevens,  of  Wisconsin,  who  sailed  for 
Burmali  in  November,  1871,  and  in  a  few  weeks 
she  was  followed  by  Miss  L.  Peabody,  of  Virden, 
HI.  The  first  year's  report  showed  that  the  treas- 
urer had  received  $4244.69;  that  131  auxiliary 
.societies  had  been  formed,  and  30  life-members 
been  made.  The  second  year  the  income  had  in- 
creased to  S6390.8S.  There  were  247  auxiliary 
societies,  81  life-members,  6  missionaries,  and  4 
Bible  women.  The  work  of  the  Western  Woman's 
Missionary  Society  has  been  from  the  beginning 
fruitful  in  the  best  results.  Auxiliary  societies 
have  been  formed  all  over  the  West.  The  income 
for  last  year  (1880)  was  $19,386.11. 

Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  was 
organized  at  Chicago,  Feb.  1,  1S77,  its  object  being 
the    promotion   of    Christian   evangelism    in   the 


WOOD 


1270 


WOOD 


homes  of  the  freed  people,  the  Indians,  and  the 
foreign  population.  Its  principal  officers  at  the 
first  organization  were:  President,  Mrs.  J.  N. 
Grouse,  Chicago;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  E.  Bacon, 
Springfield,  III.,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Blackall,  Chicago ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Lizzie  Goodman,  Chi- 
cago; Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  C.  Swift, 
Chicago;  Treasurer,  Miss  Olivia  Bryant,  Chicago; 
Kditor,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Smith.  The  fields  at  present 
occupied  by  the  society  are  New  Orleans,  La., 
Newbern,  N.  C,  Beaufort,  S.  C,  Columbia,  S.  C, 
Richmond,  Va.,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  Live  Oak,  Fla., 
Selma,  Ala.,  the  Choctaw,  Ciiickasaw,  and  Semi- 
nole naticins  in  Indian  Territory,  with  missions 
among  .the  Scandinavians  in  Illinois  and  Min- 
nesota. The  receipts  in  money  during  the  first 
year  amounted  to  §4089.85;  in  goods,  $2618.81. 
During  the  year  1879-80  the  amounts  were,  re- 
spectively, cash,  .^9089.16;  goods,  1?25.'J1. 81.  The 
present  officers  are:  President,  Mrs.  Crouse,  with 
eighteen  Vice-Presidents,  in  as  many  different  j 
States :  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Wm.  Mathews. 
Chicago ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  Swift :  , 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  R.  Donnelly.  There  is,  besides, 
an  executive  board  of  eight  ladies  residing  in 
Chicago,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Dickerson  being  chairman. 

Wood,  Rev,  Jesse  M.,  was  born  in  Elbert  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  14,  1815.  His  parents  are  of  English  de- 
scent, and  came  to  Georgia  from  Virginia.  They 
removed  to  Monroe  County  in  1885,  where  Jesse 
M.  Wood  received  in  early  life  the  best  educational 
advantages  the  county  afforded.  lie  entered  Mer- 
cer University  at  Pentield,  where  he  stood  at  the 
head  of  his  classes  while  in  the  institution.  He 
did  not  graduate  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  re- 
ceived, however,  a  certificate  of  scholarship  .and 
moral  standing.  The  degree  of  A.M.  was  bestowed 
on  liim  l)y  the  trustees  in  the  year  1 842.  After 
leaving  Penficld  he  began  to  teach  at  Knoxville,  in 
the  academy  at  that  place,  but  at  the  end  of  two 
and  a  half  years  was  compelled  to  cease  by  failing 
health. 

In  1839  he  was  hopefully  converted,  joined  the 
church  at  Forsyth,  and  was  licensed  to  preach.  In 
1843  lie  was  ordained  at  the  same  place,  and  in  a 
short  time  was  actively  engaged  in  ministerial 
labor,  serving  various  churches  in  Miildle  and 
Southwestern  Georgia  until  1849,  when  he  took 
up  his  residence  at  Cedar  Town,  Polk  Co.,  and, 
besides  taking  charge  of  the  church  there,  opened 
a  high  school  for  young  ladies.  This  school  was 
very  prosperous,  and  developed  into  the  Woodland 
Female  College,  and  was  placed  first  under  the 
care  of  the  Coosa  Association,  which  bought  the 
buildings  from  Mr.  Wood,  and  then  under  the 
care  of  the  Cherokee  Baptist  Convention. 

Under  Mr.  Wood's  pastorate  the  Cedar  Town 
church    was   wondrously  prosperous,   four    other 


churches   being   formed    from    it,  and   yet  it  still 
maintained  a  membership  of  several  hundred. 

Under  such  an  accumulation  of  labors  it  is  not 
wonderful  that  his  health  broke  down  completely, 
and  that  he  was  forced  to  suspend  all  labor  and 
repair  to  the  mountains  of  Virginia  to  recuperate 
in  1856.  He  continued  with  the  Cedar  Town  church 
until  1860.  In  the  mean  time  he  had  aided  in  the 
formation  of  the  Cherokee  Baptist  Convention,  and 
had  assisted  in  establishing  and  building  up  the 
Cherokee  Baptist  College  and  the  Banner  and  Bap- 
tist, of  which,  for  several  years,  he  was  an  editor. 

The  casualties  of  war  left  him  with  few  or  no  re- 
sources when  peace  was  restored,  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  rely  for  a  support  upon  his  ministerial 
labors.  In  1870  he  again  entered  upon  an  editorial 
life  by  taking  an  interest  in  the  Baptist  Banner, 
published  at  Cumming,  Ga. 

Rev.  Jesse  M.  Wood  is  a  man  of  strong  charac- 
ter, with  strong  likes  and  dislikes.  With  groat 
natural  courage,  he  possesses  a  large  amount  of 
caution,  which  makes  him  reserved,  and  sometimes 
hesitating.  He  is  a  pious  and  faithful  Christian  ; 
a  man  of  strong  convictions  on  all  religious  ques- 
tions, and  bold  in  their  avowal.  As  a  preacher, 
he  is  logical,  eloquent,  and  effective,  sometimes 
powerful.  He  has  alw.ays  been  a  strong  advocate 
of  missions  and  education,  and  at  heart  is  a  regu- 
lar missionary  Baptist,  in  full  accord  with  the  pre- 
vailing sentiments  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  but 
with  views  of  his  own  on  some  points  of  mere 
management.  His  influence  h.as  been  considerable 
in  the  denomination,  and  he  has  sought  to  use  it, 
to  the  best  of  his  judgment,  for  the  advancement 
of  Christ's  cause. 

'Wood,  Rev.  Nathan,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Wyoccna,  Wis.  A  native  of  Rensselaer 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  Aug.  6,  1807  :  passed 
his  early  childhood  on  his  father's  farm,  in  Augusta, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was  converted  in  1831,  and 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Augusta  by  Rev.  P.  P.  Brown.  Soon  after  his 
conversion  he  felt  that  God  had  called  him  to 
preach  the  gospel ;  but  he  resisted  his  convictions 
for  several  years,  intending  to  give  himself  to  bus- 
iness pursuits.  In  1835  the  question  of  his  call  to 
the  ministry  being  so  plain  that  he  could  not  evade 
the  duty  without  sinning  against  the  clearest  light, 
be  entered  Madison  University,  and  graduated  in 
1839.  In  September  of  the  same  year  he  entered 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and  graduated  in 
1X41.  Before  graduating  from  the  seminary  he 
received  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Georgetown,  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  which 
he  accepted,  and  wiis  ordained  by  this  church  Sept. 
2,  1841.  Here  he  remained  five  ye.ars.  In  1846 
he  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church 
in  Versailles,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N.  Y.     In  1847  he 


WOOD 


1271 


WOODRURN 


Ciime  to  Wyocena,  Wis.,  and  preached  the  first  ser- 
mon ever  delivered  in  the  town.  In  September, 
1848,  he  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Baptist  church  in  Forestville,  N.  Y.,  and 
continued  in  tlii.s  relation  five  years.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  1853  he  returned  to  Wyocena,  W'i.s.,  and 
took  charge  of  tlie  Baptist  churcli  which  had  been 
formed  in  his  absence.  Ilavinj;  received  a  call 
from  the  church  in  Baraboo,  Wis.,  he  removed  to 
that  field  in  1857,  returning  to  Wyocena  three 
years  afterwards  to  resume  his  pastorate  with  that 
church,  which  continues  to  this  day. 

Mr.  Wood's  ministry  has  been  attended  with 
powerful  revivals  of  religion.  During  his  pastor- 
ate of  three  years  at  Baraboo  he  added  over  100  to 
tlie  church  by  baptism.  Similar  results,  in  i\ 
greater  or  less  degree,  have  attended  all  his  settle- 
ments. His  aid  to  pastors  in  seasons  of  special 
religious  interest  has  been  invaluable  and  widely 
.sought.  His  son,  Prof.  X.  E.  Wood,  is  the  able 
principal  of  Wayland  Academy. 

Wood,  Nathaniel  Milton,  L.D.,  was  bom  in 
Camden,  Me.,  May  24,  1822.  He  prepared  for 
college  in  his  native  town  ;  entered  Waterville  Col- 
lege in  1840,  and  graduated  in  1844.  He  spent  a 
year  as  tutor  in  the  family  of  Gen.  Browning,  of 
Columbus,  Miss,  lie  became  a  student  in  the 
Western  Theological  Institute,  where  he  had  as 
teachers  Rev.  Drs.  Pattison  and  E.  G.  Robinson. 
He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Skowhegan,  Me.,  and  remained  there  until  Jan.  ' 
1,  1852,  when  he  removed  to  Waterville,  where  he 
labored  for  eight  years  as  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church.  For  the  next  si.x  years  he  was  pastor 
at  Lewiston,  and  then,  for  nearly  two  years,  he  was 
at  Thomaston.  From  JMaine  he  removed,  in  May, 
18GS,  to  Upper  Alton,  111.,  where  he  w.as  pastor  of 
the  church  until  March,  1872,  at  which  time  hew.is 
elected  Professor  of  Systematic  Theology  in  Shurt- 
leff  College.  He  had,  for  two  years,  given  instruc- 
tion in  this  department.  At  length  his  health 
failed  him.  He  resigned  his  position,  returned 
East,  lived  for  a  time  in  South  Boston,  preaching 
as  opportunity  presented,  but  growing  weaker  all 
the  time,  until  he  was  forced  to  lay  aside  all  minis- 
terial work.  He  went  back  to  his  early  home, 
where  he  was  confined  but  a  few  weeks,  and  died 
Aug.  2,  1870. 

Dr.  Wood  was  successful  .as  a  minister  of  the 
gospel.  "  He  was  a  strong,  clear,  and  logical 
thinker  and  writer,  and  as  a  preacher  w;is  earnest, 
pungent,  and  convincing.  Few  hearers,  intellectu- 
ally well  endowed  or  trained,  failed  to  appreciate 
liim  as  a  sermonizcr  of  great  power."  His  own 
college  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1867.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  Colby  University  from  1862  to  1869, 
and  of  Shurtleff  College  from  1868  to  1874. 


Wood,  Prof.  N.  E.,  M.A.,  the  principal  of 
W.iyland  Acadi:my,  was  born  in  Forestville,  N.  Y. 
His  father  is  Rev.  Nathan  Wood,  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Wyocena,  Wis.,  one  of  the  early 
pioneer  Baptist  ministers  of  the  State.  When 
four  years  of  age,  his  father  removed  from  the 
.State  of  New  York  to  Wyocena,  Wis.,  where  he 
passed  his  boyhood.  At  an  early  period  in  life 
he  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  of  which  his  father  was  pastor. 
He  completed  his  preparatory  course  of  study  at 
Wayland  Academy.  He  entered  the  University 
of  Chicago  in  1868,  and  graduated  with  honor  in 
the  class  of  1872.  He  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  the  Baptist  Union  Theological  Seminary 
of  Chicago,  completing  the  full  course,  and  gradu- 
ating in  1875.  He  wa.s  ordained  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry  in  September  of  the  same  year. 
Having  offers  to  settle  in  well-established  and 
prominent  churches,  Mr.  Wood  declined  them, 
and  began  his  ministry  with  a  small  Baptist  mis- 
sion in  Chicago  which  had  been  under  the  fostering 
care  of  the  Second  Baptist  church.  Out  of  this 
mission  he  organized  the  Centennial  Baptist  church. 
During  his  pastorate  of  two  years  he  received  200 
persons  into  membership  in  the  church,  and  the 
Sunday-school  grew  to  400.  He  secured  the  erec- 
tion of  a  house  of  worship  for  the  church  at  a  cost 
of  §13,000.  On  the  foundation  he  thus  laid  in 
selfdenial  and  prayer  has  grown  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  churches  in  Chicago.  In  1877,  -Mr. 
Wood  resigned  his  highly-successful  pastorate  in 
Chicago  to  accept  the  position  of  principal  of  Way- 
land  Academy,  which  had  been  tendered  him  by 
the  board  of  trustees,  and  which  he  now  holds. 
Mr.  Wood  had  long  cherished  the  desire  to  teach, 
believing  that,  next  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
Christian  education  w.as  of  the  highest  importance. 
.June  27,  1873,  Mr.  Wood  was  married  to  Miss  .Vl- 
iee  Robinson  Boise,  daughter  of  Dr.  -J.  R.  Boise, 
the  eminent  Greek  scholar,  now  a  professor  in  the 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  a  lady  of  the  high- 
est culture,  and  an  accomplished  teacher  of  the 
Greek  and  modern  languages.  All  her  tastes  and 
acquirements  led  her  to  the  class-room  and  the 
profession  of  teaching.  Doubtless  his  marriage 
with  Miss  Boise,  combined  with  his  own  .admirable 
qualifications  for  the  work,  led  Mr.  AVood  to  devote 
himself  to  the  work  of  higher  Christian  education. 
Prof.  Wooil.  while  engaged  in  teaching,  has  not 
abandoned  the  ministry.  He  preaches  frequently, 
with  constantly-growing  power.  He  is  among  the 
ablest  preachers  in  the  State,  and  as  an  educator 
has  taken  a  high  position.  The  institution  over 
which  he  presides  is  pre-eminently  Christian  in 
its  character,  and  the  education  imparted  is  most 
thorough. 
Woodburn,  B.  F.,  D.D.,  was  bom  March  23. 


wo  ODE  URN 


1272 


WOODLAND 


1832,  in  Crescent  townsliip,  Alle;;li;iny  Co.,  Pa. 
His  griindpiireiits  einij;nite(l  from  tlic  north  of 
Irelimd,  and  his  father  settled  fifteen  miles  below 
Pitt.sburgh  about  the  time  of  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne's 


B.  F.  WOODnURN,  D.U. 

expedition.  A  liloi'k-luMisf  on  the  opposite  bank 
was  then  occupied  by  si.xteeii  men  to  guard  the 
settlers  from  Indian  incursions.  The  son  having 
received  an  English  education,  became  in  early  life 
captain  of  various  steamers  plying  on  the  Ohio, 
Mississippi,  Arkansas,  and  Cumberland  llivers. 
From  his  earliest  recollections  he  had  occa.sional 
serious  thoughts.  These  became  more  constant  in 
the  year  1<S;")7,  and  eventually  brought  him  to  a 
saving  knowledge  of  Christ.  On  J,in.  10,  IS.'iX,  lie 
united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  under  the 
shadow  of  which  he  had  grown  up,  and  which  was 
the  home  of  hi.s  kindred.  After  a  mental  struggle  he 
determined  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  entered 
JefriTson  ('ollege  in  the  Freshman  year.  Among 
fifty  graduates  he  was  awarded  the  lirst  honor,  and 
delivered  tlie  valedictory.  Soon  after  uniting  with 
the  Presbyterian  Church  he  had  his  infant  daughter 
baptized;  but  while  in  college,  when,  according  to 
the  rules  of  the  church,  duty  recpiired  the  presen- 
tation of  his  second  child  for  baptism,  liis  mind 
became  exercised  on  this  point,  and  after  reading, 
reflecting,  and  praying,  he  was  surprised  to  find 
that  the  Word  of  God  shed  no  light  on  the  rolaticm 
of  baptized  infants  to  the  church.  His  child  was 
not  baptized.  By  degrees  the  truth  of  our  principles 
became  clear  to  his  mind,  and  two  years  before  his 
graduation  he  was  in  heart  a  Baptist;   but  there 


being  no  Baptist  church  in  Canonsburg  he  did  not 
unite  with  the  Baptists  until  he  was  baptized  by 
Kcv.  A.  K.  Bell,  1).!).,  May  II,  1862,  having  then 
removed  to  Alleghany  City. 

After  this  important  event  he  entered  the  West- 
ern Theological  Seminary  in  Alleghany,  receiving 
nothing  but  kindness  from  the  Presbyterian  pro- 
fessors, notwithstanding  his  known  change  of  views. 
In  18155  he  graduated,  and  in  September  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church. 
In  this  relation  he  continued  four  years,  and  then 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Sandusky  Street  Baptist 
church,  Alleghany  City,  made  vacant  by  the  resig- 
nation of  Dr.  Hell.  This  relation  still  continues, 
to  the  edification  and  comfcu-tof  the  church  and  to 
its  general  prosperity.  Lewisburg  at  its  commence- 
ment in  1881  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  on  Mr.  Woodburn.  Dr.  Woodburn  is 
among  the  strong  men  of  the  Baptists  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Woodfin,  A.  B.,  D.D.,  now  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Montgomery,  Ala.,  is  one  of  the  most 
amiable  and  succe.ssful  Baptist  ministers  in  the 
South.  He  was  born  in  Richmond,  Va.,  and  edu- 
cated at  Richmond  College.  He  studied  divinity 
at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  In 
October,  1802,  he  was  ord.-iined  to  the  ministry,  ami 
took  charge  (if  Muddy  Creek  church,  Powhatan 
Co.,  Va.,  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  country  churches 
in  the  State.  He  resigned  his  charge  in  1804,  and 
became  a  chaplain  in  Gordon's  Georgia  Brigade. 
On  the  return  of  peace  he  settled  in  the  valley  of 
Virginia  as  pastor  of  two  churches,  to  both  of 
which  large  accessions  were  made  during  his  min- 
istry. In  December,  1868,  he  took  charge  of  the 
St.  Francis  Street  church.  Mobile,  where  he  labored 
five  and  a  half  years,  during  which  22.5  were  added 
to  the  church,  and  the  house  was  enlarged  and  ini- 
))rovcd  at  a  cost  of  more  than  S.'jO,00(),  by  which  it 
was  rendered  one  of  the  most  comforfable  and 
beautiful  church  edifices  in  the  South.  Subse- 
quently he  was  settled  in  Columbia,  S.  C,  where 
his  ministry  was  a  great  blessing.  And  in  Mont- 
gomery, Ala.,  his  present  pastorate,  he  is  justly 
esteemed  as  a  man  of  fine  endowments  and  abilities. 
He  is  a  superior  scholar,  a  diligent  student,  a  good 
pastor,  one  of  the  best  of  preachers,  and  a  devoted 
Christian.     His  people  love  him. 

Woodland  Female  College. — This  institution 

was  opened  as  a  high  school  by  Rev.  J.  M.  AVood, 
in  1S51,  at  Cedar  Town,  Polk  Co.,  Ga.,  under  the 
name  of  the  "  Cedar  Town  Female  High  School," 
and  was  chartered  in  1853,  Rev.  J.  M.Wood  being 
the  first  president.  The  property  was  bought  by 
the  Coosa  Bapti.st  Association,  and  afterwards 
placed  under  the  auspices  of  the  Cherokee  Bap- 
tist Convention.  As  professors  in  the  literary  de- 
partment it  had  J.  D.  Collins,  Dr.  W.  B.  Crawford, 


WOODRUFF 


1275 


WOODS 


and  J.  A.  Arnold.  Sliortly  before  the  war  Rev. 
J.  M.  Wood  was  succeeded  in  the  presidency  by 
Dr.  William  B.  Crawford,  who  resii;ned  previous 
to  the  war.  The  calamities  of  war  e.xtin;;uished 
this  institution,  wliicli  for  years  was  very  success- 
ful, and  educated  a  large  nunibor  of  young  ladies. 
It  maintained  a  regular  corps  of  instructors,  and 
was  beautifully  located. 

Woodruff,  Capt.  A.  B.,  was  born  in  Spartan- 
burg I'istrict,  S.  C,  in  1825.  lie  was  baptized  at 
an  early  age,  and  has  l)C('n  clerk,  treasurer,  and 
deacon  of  the  only  church  of  which  he  has  ever 
been  a  member.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  Spartanburg  Association  three  or 
four  years  ago,  and  has  been  clerk  ever  since,  as  he 
long  was  of  the  old  Tyger  River.  lie  has  served 
two  terms  of  two  years  each  in  the  State  Legislature. 
lie  is  one  of  the  most  accurate  of  business  men. 
lie  is  a  natural  mechanic,  and  can  make  almost 
anything  in  wood,  iron,  silver,  or  goM.  He  has 
been  and  is  a  great  blessing  to  his  section,  being 
one  of  the  most  liberal  and  progressive  of  citizens. 
His  hand,  voice,  pen.  and  purse  are  always  ready 
for  the  public  service.  As  a  speaker  in  political 
or  Sunday-school  work,  in  the  latter  of  which  he 
ever  shows  a  special  and  practical  interest,  he  is  at 
once  graceful  and  forcible. 

Woods,  Rev.  Abel,  was  bom  in  Princeton, 
Mass.,  Aug.  1.5,  170.5,  of  parents  who  were  worthy 
members  of  the  Congregational  church  in  that 
place.  He  became  a  subject  of  converting  grace  in 
1783,  and  after  prayerful  deliberation  concluded  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry.  Ilis  views  having 
changed  on  the  mode  and  subjects  of  Christian 
baptism,  he  was  baptized  and  admitted  into  the 
Baptist  church  in  Leicester,  Mass.  He  .suppliccl 
the  pulpits  of  churches  in  his  immediate  nciglibor- 
hood  for  a  few  years,  and  then  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Shoreham,  A't.,  which  had  been 
formed  from  converts  whom  he  led  to  the  Saviour 
in  that  place.  The  ordination  took  place  in  Feli- 
ruary,  1795. 

For  fifteen  years  Mr.  Woods  remained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Shoreham,  and  had  the  satisfaction 
of  witnessing  three  revivals  during  this  period,  and 
the  church  greatly  strengthened  under  his  minis- 
try. After  a  year's  service  for  the  Vernn)nt  Mis- 
sionary Society,  ho  acted  as  the  pastor  of  several 
churches  in  X'ermont,  his  term.of  service  not  being 
very  long  with  any  one  of  them,  but  a  special  bless- 
ing following  his  labors  wherever  he  preached. 
The  home  of  his  declining  days  was  in  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  died  Aug.  11,  1850.  Mr.  AVoods 
was  the  father  of  Kev.  Dr.  Alva  Woods,  of  Provi- 
dence, and  of  the  wife  of  Rev.  I>r.  R.  E.  Pattison. 
He  was  also  the  brother  of  Rev.  Dr.  Leonard 
Woods,  of  Andover. 

Woods,  Alva,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Shoreham, 
81 


Vt.,  Aug.  13,  1794,  his  father.  Rev.  Abel  Woods, 
being  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place. 
He  was  fitted  for  college  at  the  Phillips  Academy 
in  Andover,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 


AI.VA     MddllS,    U.D. 

1817.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies  at  the 
seminary  in  Andover,  where  he  graduated  in  1821. 
On  leaving  Andover  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  (!.,  and  held  the  office  three 
years,  one  of  which  was  spent  in  Europe.  In  1S24 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Nat- 
ural Philosophy  in  Brown  University.  He  held  this 
chair  until  1828,  when  he  was  elected  president  of 
Transylvania  University.  Le-tington,  Ky.,  and  re- 
mained in  ollice  until  lSi!l,  when  he  removed  to 
Tuscaloosa  to  take  the  |)resi(lential  chair  of  the 
University  of  Alabama.  He  remained  in  this  po- 
sition until  18157.  Since  1839  he  has  resided  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  As  a  trustee  and  Fellow  of 
Brown  University  and  of  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  Dr.  Woods  has  shown  his  interest  in 
the  cau.se  of  education,  to  which  he  has  devoted  mi 
many  years  of  his  life.  Five  scholarships  in  the 
former  and  a  lectureship  on  elocution  in  the  latter 
attest  the  sincerity  of  this  interest.  The  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon 
Dr.  Woods  by  Brown  University  in  1828. 

Woods,  Rev.  Bjrron  R.,  was  bom  in  .lersey. 
Licking  Co.,  O.,  .Vpril  4,  IS5I  :  graduated  at  Madi- 
son University.  N.  Y.,  in  1873  ;  graduated  at  Hamil- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  in  1875  ;  ordained 
and  settled  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church  in 


WOODS 


1274 


WOODSMALL 


New  London,  Conn.,  July  1,  1875 ;  has  two  brotli- 
<'rs  who  are  also  ministers;  he  is  an  able  minister 
of  Christ. 

Woods,  Rev.  E.  A,,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  Homer, 
Licking  Co.,  0.  In  early  life  he  gave  his  lieart 
and  service  to  tlie  Saviour,  and  entered  at  once 
upon  a  course  of  study  preparatory  to  the  Chris- 
tian ministry. 

After  suitable  academic  training  he  entered 
Denison  University  in  1859,  and  after  spending 
two  years  there  entered  the  Junior  class  in  Madi- 
son University,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1863. 

Eager  for  the  work  to  which  he  had  solemnly 
consecrated  his  life,  and  resolved  to  have  the  best 
possible  mental  and  spiritual  outfit  for  it,  he  en- 
tered at  once  upon  a  course  of  study  in  the  Hamil- 
ton Theological  Institution,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  ISOiJ. 

He  was  ordained  the  same  year  at  Little  Falls, 
N.  Y.,  but  was  soon  after  called  to  Flemington, 
N.  J.,  where  he  had  a  prosperous  pastorate  of  about 
five  years.  In  the  mean  time  a  beautiful  house  of 
worship  was  built,  and  the  church  enlarged  and 
strengthened.  In  1871  he  was  called  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Saratoga  Springs, 
where  he  labored  successfully  for  nearly  five  years. 

In  187C  he  received  an  urgent  call  to  the  Stew- 
art Street  church.  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  for 
four  years  he  took  rank  with  the  ablest  preachers 
of  the  city,  and  was  very  highly  esteemed  by  a 
large  circle  of  literary  and  Christian  friends.  His 
decision  to  leave  Providence  was  received  with 
wide-spread  regret,  but  the  order  of  a  Higher 
Providence  seemed  imperative,  and  he  must  obey. 
In  1880  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  chui-cli,  Pat- 
erson,  N.  J.,  where  he  now  labors  with  large  hopes 
of  future  usefulness. 

Mr.  AVoods  is  a  thorough  scholar  and  a  sound 
theologian.  As  a  writer,  he  is  luminous  and  vig- 
orous ;  as  a  preacher,  eminently  Biblical  and  evan- 
gelical;  as  a  pastor,  judicious  and  sympathetic; 
as  a  friend,  true-hearted  and  generous.  He  is 
strongly  attached  to  the  doctrines  and  polity  of  his 
own  denomination,  and  labors  earnestly  to  pro- 
mote its  interests,  but  cherishes  the  most  kindly 
and  fraternal  feelings  towards  the  followers  of 
Christ  of  every  name.  Mr.  Woods  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  the  great  missionary  and  educational 
movements  of  the  day,  and  the  cause  of  humanity 
everywhere  finds  in  him  warm  symjiathy  and  gen- 
erous support. 

He  has  two  brothers  in  the  Baptist  ministry, 
both  of  whom  have  already,  though  young,  distin- 
guished themselves  as  able  ministers  of  the  New 
Testament, — Rev.  II.  C.  Woods.  A.M.,  pastor  of 
the  First  cliurch,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  Rev.  B. 
A.  Woods,  A.M.,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
New  London,  Conn. 


Woods,  Rev.  H.  C,  was  born  of  Baptist  parent- 
age in  Homer  township.  Licking  Co.,  0.,  July  11, 
1842;  was  converted  to  Christ  when  about  fifteen 
years  of  age;  vf  as  baptized  by  Rev.  David  Adams 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Jer- 
sey, O. 

Very  soon  after  his  conversion  the  duty  of 
preaching  the  gospel  was  deeply  impressed  upon 
liis  mind.  After  preparing  for  college,  he  spent 
the  Freshman  year  at  Denison  University,  Gran- 
ville, 0.  The  Sophomore  year  he  entered  Madison 
University,  N.  Y.,  graduating  from  college  in  1805, 
and  from  the  theological  seminary  in  1807. 

He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Uaptist  church  at 
Fayetteville,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  20,  1807.  His  labors  in 
his  first  field  were  accompanied  by  the  divine  bless- 
ing in  conversions,  and  in  other  ways  strengthen- 
ing the  church.  In  consequence  of  failing  health, 
he  resigned  the  pastorate  in  the  spring  of  1872. 
lie  spent  about  one  year  regaining  his  health  in 
Colorado.  In  March,  1873,  he  accepted  the  call 
of  the  Baptist  church  of  Greeley,  Col.  He  labored 
in  this  field  one  year  and  a  half,  and  was  greatly 
prospered  in  his  work.  In  October,  1874,  he  ac- 
cepted the  call  of  the  First  Biiptist  church  of  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  Nov. 
1,  1874.  His  pastorate  with  this  church  still  con- 
tinues (1880),  and  his  labors  Iiave  been  greatly 
blessed,  the  church  having  more  than  doubled  its 
membership  under  his  ministrations.  His  excel- 
lent wife  died  Feb.  28,  1876.  His  second  marriage 
was  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Eaton,  the  youngest  <laughter 
of  the  late  G.  AV.  Eaton,  1).I».,  of  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  married  July  11,  1878.  As  a  preacher  and 
pastor  his  position  has  been  an  honorable  one  with 
the  churches  he  has  served.  In  all  the  benevolent 
work  of  the  denomination,  at  home  and  abroad,  he 
has  borne  an  active  part. 

Woodsmall,  Rev.  Harrison,  president  of  tlie 
Alabama  Baptist  Normal  and  Theological  School 
for  colored  people,  at  Selma,  Ala.,  was  born  in 
Owen  Co.,  Ind.,  June  9,  1S41.  His  parents,  Jef- 
ferson 11.  Woodsmall  and  Malvina  Wilhite,  wei-o 
Virginians,  and  l)rought  him  up  on  a  farm,  send- 
ing him  to  country  schools  in  the  fall  and  winter 
months.  At  sixteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
State  University,  where  he  remained  a  student 
until  the  civil  war  broke  out,  when  he  enlisted,  in 
June,  1861,  in  the  ,1 4th  Indiana  Regiment.  He 
served  in  Virginia,  and  was  wnundoil  at  the  battle  of 
Antietam.  Afterwards  he  rose  to  be  first  a  captain, 
and  then  a  major,  in  the  115th  Indiana  Regiment. 

He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1863,  when  at 
home  on  a  furlough,  after  being  wounded,  and 
joined  Little  Mount  Baptist  church.  While  in 
the  army  he  n)anagod  to  study  law,  and  at  the 
return  of  peace  he  attended  a  law-school  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.,  afterwards  practising  the  profession 


WOODWARD 


WOOLSEY 


in  Indiana  for  about  six  years.  Durini;  those  years 
lie  took  an  active  part  in  Sunday-school  and  tem- 
perance work,  and  also  in  politics.  Convictions 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  enter  the  niinistry  were 
gradually  ripenin;;  in  his  mind,  and  tlioujrh  he  re- 
moved to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  ami  enj;a;;iMl  in  the 
practice  of  the  law,  he  could  not  shake  oil'  the.se 
impressions.  They  deepened  while  he  was  attend- 
ing the  State  Convention  at  Mankato,  and,  after  a 
week's  decisive  strugijle,  on  bended  knee,  with  the 
Bible  alone  for  the  man  of  his  counsel,  he  threw 
up  the  law  and  returned  to  Indiana,  resolved  to 
give  himself  to  such  work  as  the  Lord  mightdirect. 
After  spending  some  months  in  voluntary  labor 
among  the  colored  people  of  Indiana,  he  deter- 
mined to  enter  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  for  a  course  of  preparatory  study.  He 
went  to  Greenville  in  1872,  and  remaiM<:d  until  the 
summer  of  1873,  when  he  began  work  among  the 
colored  people  of  Georgia,  as  an  appointee  of  the 
Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con- 
vention. While  laboring  in  this  Held  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  E.  Howes,  of  -Macon,  Dec.  29, 
1873.  The  following  year  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment under  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety, and  labored  among  the  colored  people  in 
Georgia  for  six  months.  He  ne.xt  employed  him- 
self as  an  evangelist  fur  the  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety, holding  ministers'  institutes  in  Georgia,  Ala- 
banm,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky  until  some  time  in 
1877.  In  such  work  he  is  an  adept,  and  fully  com- 
prehends the  wants  of  the  colored  ministers,  and 
knows  how  to  meet  those  wants.  His  efforts  were 
very  successful  while  thus  engaged. 

In  January,  1878,  he  took  charge  of  the  .\la- 
bama  Baptist  Normal  and  Theological  School, 
under  the  management  of  the  colored  Baptists  of 
Alabanui.  It  was  opened  by  Mr.  and  -Mrs.  Wood- 
small  in  a  Baptist  church  in  Selma.  Grounds  (30 
acres)  and  temporary  buildings  were  contracted 
for.  Mrs.  Woodsmall  at  once  turned  to  Indiana 
for  a  teacher  and  her  support.  .Miss  Emma  E. 
Jordan,  of  Indianapolis,  went  as  teacher,  and  the 
Baptist  women  of  the  State  guaranteed  her  salary. 

The  work  has  gone  on  very  auspiciously.  During 
the  year  the  colored  Baptists  of  Alabama  have 
raised  SODOU  for  the  school.  The  property  is  now 
v.'orth  S10,00l).  The  school  numbers  over  300 
pupils. 

Mr.  Woodsmall,  though  constitutionally  frail  of 
body,  has  vast  energy,  clear  views,  and  great  faith 
in  God  and  Christianity.  He  gave  himself  and  his 
whole  property  to  the  cause,  and  he  is  now  seeing 
the  fruits  of  his  labor.  The  Home  Jlission  So- 
ricty  has  api>ropriatod  S200l(  per  annum  to  the 
work  since  April  I.  ISSii. 

Woodward,  Rev.  William,  a  native  of  South 
Carolina,  came    to  .Vhiliama   earlv   in    his   youth. 


where  he  enjoyed  a  long  und  useful  life.  He  was  a 
citizen  of  extensive  intiuence.  Served  several  ses- 
sions in  the  senate  of  the  State  from  West  Alabama. 
But  he  found  his  highest  honor  and  happiness  in  the 
Christian  ministry.  Few  were  better  versed  in  the 
affairs  of  state  ;  ievver  still  were  as  well  acquainted 
with  the  Word  of  God,  and  he  loved  it  and  preached 
it  with  great  power.  He  died  Sept.  7,  1871,  aged 
seventy-nine.  His  father  was  a  Baptist  minister. 
His  brother,  the  Hon.  J.  A.  Woodward,  now  of 
Talladega,  was  for  many  years  a  distinguished 
niiMiiljer  of  Congress  from  South  Carolina. 

Woolsey,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  bom  in  Austerlitz, 
N.  v.,  in  ISO.i  ;  converted  when  quite  young;  edu- 
cated at  Hamilton,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1833.  Among  his  classmates  were  Comstock. 
Dean,  IIi>warii,  and  Webb,  who  went  as  mission- 
aries to  till!  heathen.  Before  leaving  Hamilton, 
Mr.  Woolsey  supplied  the  church  at  Cassville  for 
about  two  years,  where  a  goodly  shower  of  convert- 
ing grace  descended  and  many  souls  were  brought 
to  Jesus.  He  declined  a  pressing  call  to  settle  in 
Cassville.  In  the  spring  of  1834  he  accepted  an 
invitation  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  of  Pike, 
in  Western  New  York,  where  the  spirit  soon 
brought  souls  in  numbers  to  the  Saviour.  In  Pike 
he  received  ordination. 

Through  failing  health  Mr.  Woolsey  purposed  to 
visit  the  South,  and  on  his  way  he  preached  in  the 
Central  Baptist  church  of  PbiUuli'lphia,  by  whose 
kind  people  he  was  persuaded  to  try  the  effect  of 
their  climate  upon  his  enfeebled  system,  and  to  take 
charge  of  their  church.  He  took  the  oversight  of 
the  Central  church,  and  served  it  with  great  accept- 
ance for  three  years.  During  this  period  he  gained 
the  confidence  of  the  Baptists  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  reputation  of  a  very  able  and  scholarly  preacher. 

.Mr.  Woolsey  accepted  an  invitation  from  the 
Blockley  (Philadelphia)  church  on  his  retirement 
from  the  pastorate  of  the  Central,  and  labored 
among  them  faithfully  for  two  years,  during  which 
signal  blessings  rested  upon  jiis  ministry.  But  his 
labors  were  too  much  for  his  feeble  health,  and  in 
.March,  1840,  he  accepted  an  invitation  from  the 
Baptist  church  of  Norwalk,  Conn.,  which  he 
served  for  seven  years,  and  then  was  constrained 
by  his  old  trouble  to  retire  from  its  pastorate. 
.\fterwanls  he  accepted  an  agency  from  the  Amer- 
ican and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  to  wlio.sc  service 
he  gave  five  years  of  untiring  and  fruitful  effort, 
when  the  Norwalk  church  gave  him  a  unanimous 
call  to  return  among  them,  which  brought  him  back, 
to  their  great  joy  and  profit.  The  Bible  Society, 
highly  appreciating  his  talents  and  his  success,  ap- 
pointed him  its  financial  secretary.  In  this  ofl5ce 
he  rendered  such  service  as  few  men  had  the  ability 
to  give. 

Mr.  Woolsey  is  the  author  of  several  publica- 


WORCEftTER 


1276 


WORDEK 


tions,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  "  The  Doc- 
trine of  Christiiin  Baptism,  Examined  by  the  Ac- 
lcnowled<;;e(]  Principles  of  Biblical  Interpretation." 
Of  this  work  Benedict  says,  "  The  title  of  Mr. 
Woolsey's  book  ia  well  sustained  throughout  his 
discussions."  It  is  a  work  of  very  <;reat  merit,  a 
republication  of  which  would  lie  of  great  service 
to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Mr.  Woolsey  is  a  man  of  extensive  learninj;,  of 
decided  ability,  well  versed  in  general  literature, 
with  the  manners  of  one  who  was  natuiully  fitted 
for  "  good  society,"  and  who  had  fre(|iK'iit  oppor- 
tunities for  using  his  special  gifts. 

Ilis  churches  and  the  communities  .surrounding 
them  had  the  highest  regani  for  Mr.  VVoolsey  as  a 
minister,  a  man  of  learning,  and  a  public  benefac- 
tor. Church  resolutions,  newspaper  commenda- 
tions, and  the  admiration  of  social  circles  gave  Mr. 
Woolsey  assurances  of  his  great  popularity,  and  of 
the  warm  regard  which  men  of  all  opinions  and 
positions  cherished  for  him. 

In  a  happy  old  age  this  blameless  and  distin- 
guished servant  of  God,  in  Germantown,  Philadel- 
phia, is  awiiiting  the  Master's  summons  to  enter 
u|ion  his  eternal  reward. 

Worcester  Academy  was  originally  chartered 
as  the  Worcester  County  Manual  Labor  High 
School.  One  of  the  purposes  in  view  in  laying  the 
foundations  of  the  institution  was  to  establish  a 
school  "  where  every  possible  advantage  should  be 
afforded  for  productive  manual  labor,  so  that  in- 
struction, while  it  should  be  good,  should  not  be 
expensive."  ; 

At  the  first  meeting,  held   in  March,   1832,  of 
those  who  took  a  special  interest  in   establishing 
such    an   institution   as  was   contemplated    by   the 
charter,  it  was  resolved  to  raise  a  fund  of  $olX)0  as 
a  partial  endowment  of  the  proposed  school,  and  I 
that   it  should    be    located   at   Worcester,    Mass.  | 
Nearly  all  the  subscribers  to  the  fund  were  Bap- 
tists.    Application  was  made  to  the  Legislature  of  ] 
Massachusetts  for  an^  aci  of  incorporation,  whicii 
w^as  granted  and  signed  Feb.  -8,  1834.     Hon.  Isaac  i 
Davis  was  chosen  president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  j 
and  arrangements  were  made  at  once  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  suitable  building.     Sixty  aci-es  of  land 
were  purchased  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city  for 
the  purposes  of  the  school. 

The  new  building  having  been  completed,  was 
formally  dedicated  June  4,  1834,  and  the  school 
was  formally  opened  with  about  30  pupils,  under 
the  charge  of  Silas  Bailey,  afterwards  so  well 
known  in  the  West  as  Dr.  Silas  Bailey,  who  had 
recently  graduated  from  Brown  University.  The 
students  continued  to  increase  until,  in  two  years, 
there  were  135.  The  second  principal  wivs  Samuel 
S.  Greene,  now  Prof.  S.  S.  Greene,  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, who  remained  in  office  two  years,  and  was 


succeeded  by  Mr.  Nelson  II.  Wheeler,  whose  term 
of  service  was  ten  years.  In  the  number  of  pupils, 
and  in  the  value  of  the  instruction  imparted,  the 
schiiol  was  in  a  condition  of  decided  prosperity. 
But  it  became  involved  in  pecuniary  embarrass- 
ments, whicli  crippled  its  usefulness,  and  placed  a 
heavy  load  of  care  and  responsibility  upon  its  trus- 
tees. Gradually,  however,  through  the  excellent 
management  of  Mr.  Davis,  the  institution  emerged 
from  its  difficulties,  and  in  1804  it  was  reported 
not  only  to  be  IVee  from  debt,  but  in  the  pos.session 
of  property  worth  at  least  $33,000.  Various  at- 
tempts were  made  from  time  to  time  to  merge  the 
institution  into  another  in  its  immediate  neigh- 
borhood, or  to  transfer  its  funds  to  the  Newton 
Theological  Seminary,  to  found  a  professorship  for 
the  instruction  of  students  who  were  not  sufficiently 
advanced  to  study  Hebrew  and  Greek.  All  these 
attempts,  although  sometimes  quite  seriously  en- 
tertained, proved  .abortive.  The  friends  of  the 
school,  convinced  that  it  was  needed,  rallied  once 
more  to  its  aid.  An  endowment  was  raised  suf- 
ficiently large  to  settle  the  question  that  it  was  to 
remain  in  the  city  where  it  had  originally  been 
located,  and  that  it  should  lie  an  academy  of  a  high 
order,  and  under  the  special  control  of  Baptists. 
In  the  summer  of  1869  the  grounds  once  occupied 
by  the  "  Ladies'  Collegiate  Institute,"  four  acres  in 
extent,  a  pleasant  and  commanding  site  within  the 
city  limits,  were  purchased,  the  buildings  erected 
for  the  purposes  of  the  institute  put  in  thorough 
repair,  and  the  Worcester  Academy  found  its  new 
home  on  one  of  the  most  attractive  heights  of  the 
beautiful  city  of  Worcester.  The  academy  is  out 
of  debt,  and  has  a  property  in  real  estate  estimated 
to  be  worth  $100,000,  and  invested  funds  exceed- 
ing S.')0,000,  with  pledges  to  a  considerable  addi- 
tional amount.  Under  its  present  principal,  Mr. 
N.  Leavenworth,  it  is  prospered,  and  as  a  feeder  of 
Blown  University  it  is  doing  a  good  work  in  fitting 
young  men  to  enter  our  oldest  seminary  of  learning. 

The  Worcester  Academy  owes  a  great  debt  of 
gratitude  to  Hon.  Isaac  Davis.  He  was  the  presi- 
dent of  its  board  of  trustees  for  forty  years,  and  for 
most  of  this  long  period  its  treasurer.  In  the  dark- 
est days  of  its  adversity  he  believed  that  a  prosper- 
ous future  was  before  it,  and  it  is  owing  very 
largelv  to  his  wise  and  judicious  management, 
under  the  divine  blessing,  that  its  present  condi- 
tion of  prosperity  h.as  been  reached.  It  has  had 
other  warm  and  devoted  friends,  who  have  stood 
by  it  in  all  its  varying  fortunes. 

Worden,  Rev.  Horace,  w-as  bom  at  West 
Stockbridge,  .Mass..  Feb.  9,  1812.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  he  was  converted,  uniting  first  with  the 
-Methodists,  but  subsequently  becoming  a  Baptist, 
he  was  baptized  in  1843,  uniting  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Quincy,  111.,  to  which  place  he 


i-l,'  K/    J. 


WORD EN 


1278 


WORE ALL 


had  in  the  mean  time  removed.  He  liud  been  n 
preacher  while  a  Metliodist,  but  was  now  licensed 
by  the  church  in  Quincj,  and  shortly  after  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Barry.  Jn  1><46,  under 
appointment  of  the  Home  Mission  Society,  lie  be- 
came a  missionary  in  Iowa,  remaining;  about  six 
years  in  that  State.  His  health  failing,  he  re- 
turned to  (iuiney,  and  has  .since  been  engaged  in 
mission  labor;  a  work  involving  much  self-denial, 
but  in  which  he  enjoys  many  evidences  of  the  di- 
vine blessing. 

Worden,  Rev.  Jesse  Babcock,  the  grand.son 
of  a  brother  of  Rev.  Peter  Worden,  was  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  R.  I.,  July  IS,  1787.  In  1S12  he 
was  drafted,  and  served  his  country  in  several  mil- 
itary positions  during  the  war  with  (ireat  Britain. 
When  hostilities  ceased  he  devoted  himself  to 
business,  for  which  he  had  many  qualifications. 
He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  l.SKi  in  North 
Woodstoclc,  N.  Y.,  and  in  JSIS  he  was  ordained. 
After  sixteen  years'  service  elsewhi're  he  became 
co-pastor  with  the  Rev.  Davis  Dimock  in  Montrose, 
Pa.,  in  ISIJ.')  for  a  short  time,  and  sole  pastor  of 
the  ohui'ch  from  1838  until  1844.  He  labored  after 
1844  in  Susquehanna  County,  whi're  he  died  Aug. 
(),  1855.  Mr.  Worden  was  an  instructive  preacher 
and  a  very  faithful  pastor.  He  possessed  elements 
of  great  efficiency  as  a  minister,  his  labors  were 
attended  with  more  than  ordinary  success,  and  liis 
precepts  and  example  made  an  indelible  impression 
upon  many  in  Northern  Pennsylvania.     ^ 

Worden,  Oliver  N.,  was  born  in  New  Wood- 
stock, N.  Y.,  in  1817  ;  acquired  the  art  of  printing 
in  the  office  of  the  Utica  Baptist  Keijixter,  and,  like 
many  other  masters  of  type-setting,  he  became  a 
learned  historian  and  a  ready  writer.  For  more 
than  forty  years  he  has  contributed  to  various  po- 
litical, moral,  religious,  and  historical  periodicals. 
He  has  published  newspapers  in  Montrose,  Athens, 
Tunkhannock,  and  Lewisburg.  He  was  twenty- 
seven  years  a  member,  and  eleven  years  the  scribe, 
of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  university  at  Lew- 
isburg. He  was  three  years  a  clerk  in  the  senate 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  fifteen  years  clerk  of  the 
Northumberland  Association.  He  has  edited  ''  The 
Life  and  Times  of  Sheardown,"  "Family  Record,'' 
"  Half-Century  History  of  the  Northumberland 
Association,"  and  "Half-Century  History  of  the 
Bridgewater  Association." 

Mr.  Worden  was  an  original  thinker,  a  man  of 
patient  painstaking  in  collecting  materials,  of  ex- 
treme conscientiousness,  of  great  usefulness  in  the 
denomination,  and  a  brother  beloved  as  widely  as 
he  is  known.  He  prepared  a  manuscript  Baptist 
history,  the  puljlication  of  which  would  be  of  great 
advantage  to  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  It  wIlT  soon  be  given  to  the  printer. 
He  died  near  New  Mllford.  Pa!,  April  28,  1881. 


Worden,  Rev.  Peter,  was  bom  in  1729,  con- 
verted among  th(^  New-Lights,  and  ordained  at 
Warwick,  R.  I.,  in  1751.  He  removed  to  Berk- 
shire Co.,  Mass.,  In  J7f)9,  and  he  died  in  1805. 
John  Leland,  at  his  death,  spoke  of  him  as  "  the 
arduous  Worden,  who  had  been  In  the  ministry 
longer  than  any  Baptist  preacher  left  l)ehind  in 
New  England.  '  In  the  minutes  of  the  Shaftsbury 
Association  for  1808  there  Is  the  following  record 
about  him  :  "  For  dignity  of  nature,  soundness  of 
judgment,  meekness  of  temper,  and  unwearied 
labors  in  the  ministry  but  few  have  equaled  him 
in  this  age.  He  was  the  father,  founder,  and 
guardian  angel  of  this  Association  until  his  age 
prevented.  He  followed  the  work  of  the  ministry 
about  sixty  years." 

Work,  Rev.  Perley,  was  bom  In  AVIlIlamsburg, 
Vt.,  Sept.  II,  1813,  and  died  at  Oshkosh,  Wis., 
Aug.  11,  1877.  He  was  educated  at  Oneida  Insti- 
tute, in  Whitesborongh,  N.  Y.  After  his  cimver- 
sion  and  call  to  the  ministry  he  pursued  a  course 
of  theological  study  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  grad- 
uated in  1841.  He  was'  sent  to  Wisconsin  as  a 
missionary  by  tin;  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  in  1847,  and  began  his  labors  at  Sheboygan. 
Subsequently  he  served  the  churches  at  Omro, 
Ripon,  Waukau,  First  church,  Oshkosh,  and  She- 
boygan Falls.  He  was  a  devoted  minister  of 
Christ,  a  faithful  preacher,  and  very  successful 
pastor.  He  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  his 
brethren  in  the  ministry. 

Worrall,  A.  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in 
1831,  and  graduated  from  Mercer  University  with 
honor  in  1855.  He  studied  theology  under  Dr.  J. 
L.  Dagg  and  Dr.  N.  M.  Crawford.  He  taught 
Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Baptist  College  In  Missis- 
sippi, and  afterwards  Greek  and  Hebrew  In  Union 
University,  Tenn.  After  the  war  was  president  of 
Mount  Lebanon  University,  La.,  and  had  unusual 
success.  He  was  for  a  time  editor  of  the  Western 
Recorder,  of  Louisville,  Ky.  For  health  he  re- 
moved to  California,  and  there  did  much  to  endow 
the  Bajitlst  College.  He  is  now  president  of  Mount 
Pleasant  College,  Iluntsville,  Mo.  The  college  is 
fortunate  in  obtaining  such  a  president. 

Worrall,  Rev.  Moses  Hoagland,  was  born  at 
Charlestown.  Ind.,  Aug.  4,  183.5.  His  father.  Rev. 
Isaac  Worrall,  was  an  active  and  influential  Baptist 
minister.  The  .son  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Charlestown  church  at 
the  age  of  fourteen.  Receiving  his  education  chiefly 
at  Cincinnati  and  Covington,  his  first  public  service 
w^as  as  principal  of  the  Main  School  in  the  latter 
city.  In  compliance  with  the  request  of  citizens, 
he  opened  an  academy  fur  the  preparation  of  young 
men  for  college,  and  for  advanced  st\idy  In  the  clas- 
sics and  sciences.  The  large  attendance  made  the 
erection  of  a  building  at  once  necessary,  and  the 


WORRALL 


1279 


WRIGHT 


school  became  well  known  as  the  Covington  Clas- 
sical and  Scientific  Academy,  later  as  Worrall's 
Chissioal  and  Scientific  Academy  for  Girls  and 
Boys.  Notwitlistandin;;  liis  eminent  success  in 
this  line  of  work,  Mr.  Worrall  continued  to  be 
pressed  by  convictions  of  duty  as  to  the  ministry. 
Yielding  to  these,  he  was  licensed  by  the  First 
church  of  Covington,  March  31,  1868,  and  was 
called  as  pastor  of  the  Columbia  Uaptist  church, 
Cincinnati,  in  February  of  the  following  year,  re- 
ceiving ordination  in  April  of  the  same  year.  His 
subsequent  pastorates  have  been  at  Troy,  0.,  and 
Springfield  and  Princeton.  III.,  the  scene  of  his 
present  labors.  He  is  an  effective  preacher  and  a 
hard-working  pastor.  As  the  result,  his  work  on 
each  of  the  fields  named  has  been  telling  and  fruit- 
ful. 

Wright,  Rev.  David,  son  of  Uaviil  and  Martha 
(Hubbard)  Wright,  was  born  in  New  London, 
Conn.,  July  30,  1788.  His  father,  a  graduate  of 
Yale  College  and  a  lawyer,  died  in  1798.  David 
from  1801  to  1810  worked  in  a  printing-office  in 
Boston  ;  converted  under  Dr.  Stillman,  and  united 
with  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  April  28. 
1805 ;  thought  to  become  a  missionary  printer ; 
studied  in  Boston,  in  Norwich,  and  in  Wallingford, 
Conn.,  under  Rev.  Joshua  Bradley  ;  assisted  Mr. 
Bradley  in  teaching,  and  sup|ili('d  the  pulpit  of  the 
North  Haven  Baptist  church  ;  ordained  in  South- 
ington.  Conn.,  Aug.  9,  1815;  in  his  very  long  min- 
istry his  settlements  were  at  Westfield  Farms,  Cum- 
mington,  Westminster,  Westfield.  and  Conway, 
Mass. ;  Waterville  and  Ilomulus,  N.  Y.  ;  North 
Colehrook.  North  Lyme,  and  Clinton,  Conn. ;  served 
as  State  missionary  in  Massachusetts  and  Connec- 
ticut, and  among  Indians  of  Martha's  Vineyard  : 
agent  of  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  for 
New  Hampshire;  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  from  Westfield  Farms  ;  was  never  phys- 
ically strong,  but  strong  in  lieart  and  intellect; 
logical  and  mighty  in  the  Scriptures;  an  excel- 
lent Greek  scholar;  a  wise  aiid  prized  counselor; 
preached  over  8000  sermons  ;  constituted  five 
churches;  now  lives  in  Essex,  Conn.,  at  the  age 
of  ninety-two ;  in  his  prime  a  preacher  of  power; 
wielded  withal  an  efficient  pen  ;  honored  and  be- 
loved by  all. 

Wright,  Rev.  J.  C,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina. l>ec.  10,  1831);  came  with  his  parents  to 
Alabama  in  childhood ;  graduated  in  Howard 
(College  in  1856.  His  ministry  for  many  years 
was  with  churches  in  West  Alabama;  was  pastor 
in  Clinton,  Greensborough,  and  Gainesville, — some 
of  the  strongest  churches  in  the  State,  among  a 
wealthy  and  intelligent  people.  For  some  years 
since  the  late  war  he  resided  on  his  farm  in  Cal- 
houn County,  and  preached  in  the  region  around 
him  ;  now  pastor  of  the  Broad  Street  <!hurch  in  the 


city  of  Mobile.  Mr.  Wright  is  an  eloquent  and 
scholarly  preacher;  his  sermons  always  have  an 
ornate  finish,  ami  are  delivered  in  graceful  style. 

Wright,  Lyman,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon  Pomeroy 
and  Abigail  Wright,  was  born  in  Westford,  Otsego 


LYM.^N    WRIGHT,   D.l). 

Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  28,  1816.  He  was  converted  Jan. 
5,  1830;  baptized  Sept.  3,  1831,  and  joined  the 
Westford  Baptist  church.  He  was  educated  at 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution  ; 
ordained  as  an  evangelist  Feb.  11,  1838,  and  sup- 
plied the  Westford  church  the  succeeding  year. 
lie  became  pastor  at  Exeter,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1839;  succeeded  Ilev.  A.  P.  Mason,  at  Clockville, 
.Madison  Co.,  in  1841  :  settled  at  Fayetteville, 
Onondaga  Co.,  in  1845;  served  the  American 
Baptist  Missionarj'  Union  as  collecting  agent  for 
one  year;  took  charge  of  the  church  in  Norwich, 
Chenango  Co.,  in  1854 ;  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in 
18.58;  in  Norwich,  a  second  term,  in  1839;  be- 
came financial  secretary  of  the  New  York  Baptist 
Education  Societv,  and  part  of  the  time,  in  con- 
nection with  it,  agent  for  Madison  University,  in 
1861.  While  thus  employed  he  increased  the  en- 
dowment fund  of  the  university  $72,000. 

He  returned  to  the  pastorate  after  this  work  was 
done,  settling  with  the  Newburgh  church  in  1864, 
and  with  the  Binghamton  church  in  1869,  where 
he  remaine(l  until  his  death,  in  1878.  He  has 
with  his  personal  supervision  assisted  the  church 
in  erecting  a  commodious  edifice.  Ilis  ministerial 
labors  extend  over  a  period  of  more  than  forty 
years.     In  all  of  his  jiastorates  he  has  been  faith- 


WRIGHT 


1280 


WYCKOFF 


ful,  and  successful  in  winnint;  souls  for  the  king- 
dom, having  baptized  moi-e  than  1100  converts 
into  the  fellnwsliip  of  the  churches  he  has  served. 

Wright,  Judge  Selden  S.,  is  one  of  the  most 

honored  jiulu;es  in  the  State  of  California,  and  an 
exemplary  member  of  the  First  Baptist  chureh, 
San  Francisco.  Born  March  7,  1822,  in  Essex  Co., 
Va. ;  son  of  Thos.  Wright,  Jr.,  and  Mary  Daley 
Jones;  graduated  at  AVilliam  and  Mary  College  in 
1842;  he  removed  to  Lexington,  Miss.,  in  184.3; 
practised  law,  in  partnership  with  lion.  Walter 
Brooke,  until  1851,  when  he  removed  to  Yuzoo  City, 
and  was  the  same  year  elected  vice-chancellor  of 
the  middle  district  of  Mississippi,  and  re-elected  in 
1855.  In  1855  he  resigned  and  removed  to  Car- 
rollton.  Miss.,  and  practised  law  with  William  B. 
Helm,  ;\s  partner,  until  1859,  when  he  removed  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  arriving  .at  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
Jan.  3,  1860.  He  practised  law  until  1868,  when 
he  was  elected  probate  judge  for  the  city  and  county 
of  San  Francisco.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  City  and  County  Court,  and  in  1876  re- 
elected to  the  same  office,  which  he  held  until  the 
office  expired.  Jan.  1,  1880.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Jas.  K.  Clinton,  at  Lexington,  Miss.,  in  184.3, 
where  his  brother,  Rev.  Thos.  Wright,  is  an  es- 
teemed Baptist  minister.  While  practising  his 
profession  he  has  always  identified  himself  with 
his  brethren  in  the  churches  where  he  has  resided, 
and,  on  reaching  San  Francisco,  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church,  in  whose  welfsire  he  has 
been  deeply  interested  during  his  twenty  years' 
residence  in  California. 

Wright,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  born  March  22, 
1813,  in  Cambri.lge,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  of  a 
New  England  ancestry,  the  seventh  generation 
from  Lieut.  Abel  Wright,  of  Springfield,  Mass., 
in  1655.  Converted  at  eighteen,  he  was  baptized, 
with  111  other  converts,  by  the  venerable  Daniel 
Tinkham,  into  the  White  Creek  church,  in  the 
great  revival  of  1831.  He  prepared  for  college 
at  Union  Academy,  Bennington,  Vt.  Ho  was  or- 
dained at  Stillwater,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  23,  1837,  and, 
after  preaching  two  and  a  half  years,  entered  the 
seminary  at  Hamilton  in  December,  1839,  where 
he  spent  three  years,  chiefly  in  theological  study, 
graduating  in  1842;  served  various  churches, 
mostly  in  Eastern  New  York  and  Western  Ver- 
mont. His  longest  pastorate  was  at  old  Ticon- 
deroga,  from  1854  to  1800,  in  which  time  he  bap- 
tized, with  other  cnnverts,  the  father  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Cook,  known  as  Deacon  Wm.  II.  Cook,  of 
the  Baptist  Church,  a  solid  farmer.  In  1853  he 
published,  by  request,  "  A  History  of  the  Old 
Shaftsbury  Association  from  1780  to  1853,"  in  a 
12mo  volume  of  464  pages,  which  interested  100 
churches  and  6  Associations  that  now  occupy  the 
territory  of  the  origin.al  body.     He  has  also  pub- 


lished several  local  church  histories,  and  written 
for  the  periodical  press,  secular  and  religious.  He 
is  located  at  Glen's  Falls,  AVarrcn  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Wright,  Rev.  Thomas  Goddard,  son  of  Rev. 
David  Wright,  was  born  in  Westfield,  .Mass.,  Jan. 
18,  1820;  converted  and  baptized  at  eleven  in 
Cummington,  Mass. ;  began  holding  meetings  im- 
mediately, and  soon  rejoiced  over  nearly  a  score 
converted  through  his  efforts  ;  graduated  at  Water- 
ville  College  (now  Colliy  University),  Me.,  at 
nineteen,  and  from  Hamilton  Theological  Semi- 
nary, N.  Y.,  at  twenty-two;  supplied  one  ye.ar  at 
Avon  Springs,  N.  Y.,  then  settled  in  Lyons,  N.  Y., 
and  was  ordained  -Vug.  7,  1844.  His  subsequent 
ministry  was  in  Claremont,  N.  IL,  Sandisfield, 
Mass.,  Newark,  N.  J.,  AVestport  ami  Wappinger's 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  Roadstown,  N.  J.,  with  First  Colian- 
sey  church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Westerly,  R.  I., 
Newfane  and  Watkins,  N.  Y.,  and  Media,  Pa.  In 
Newark,  N.  .J.,  he  served  as  missionary,  inaugura- 
ting its  present  city  mission  plan,  and  organizing 
the  North  church  ;  also  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where, 
in  connection  with  other  labors,  he  organized  the 
Mantua  mi-ssion,  and  left  it  when  ready  to  be  rec- 
ognized as  the  present  Mantua  church.  He  was 
alwiiys  true  to  New  Testament  Baptist  doctrine. 
He  lias.been  a  successful  harmonizer  of  church  dif- 
ficulties, careful  in  the  reception  of  members  into 
the  church,  and  .a  promoter  of  missions  and  educa- 
tion. He  has  a  son  (Wm.  K.)  who  is  pastor  at 
Cohoes,  N.  Y.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of 
South  Jersey  Institute,  at  Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  and  its 
first  secretary.  AYhile  at  Hamilton  he  compiled 
and  arranged  a  music  book  called  the  "  Chapel 
Choir,''  which  was  ))ublished  by  the  institution, 
and  used  for  many  years  in  the  chapel  services.  . 
He  is  in  good  health  at  sixty,  and  bids  fair  to  do 
service  for  the  Master  for  several  years  to  come. 

Wyatt,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Southeastern  Arkansas,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1805,  and  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1848.  He 
preached  extensively  in  all  the  region  between 
the  Oinichita  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  and  gathered 
many  churches.  He  died  in  1853  of  malarial  fever, 
contracted  during  a  missionary  tour  in  the  Missis- 
sipjii  bottom. 

WyckofiF,  William  H.,  LL.D.,  the  youngest  of 
the  family  of  Rev.  Cornelius  P.  and  Elizabeth 
Richmond  Wyckoff,  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
Sept.  10,  1807. 

He  finished  his  .academic  studies  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y. ;  spent  two  years  at  Hamilton  College,  and 
was  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1828. 

Having  then  a  high  reputation  for  his  wide 
range  of  information  and  accurate  scholarship,  he 
was  appointed  principal  of  a  celebrated  collegiate 
school  in  New  York  City. 

He  studiSd  successively  law  and  medicine ;  was 


WYER 


1281 


WYNN 


regarded  as  an  authority  in  ancient  and  mndern 
history  ;  was  well  versed  in  general  literature,  and 
excelled  in  mathematics.  The  late  Prof.  Charles 
Anthon,  LL.D.,  said  of  him,  that  he  helieved  there 
was  no  one  in  this  country  superior  to  him  in  a 
knowledge  of  Greek  and  Latin.  He  had  also  made 
scholarly  attainments  in  Hebrew  and  in  some  of 
tlie  modern  European  languages.  His  study  of  the 
Biljle  was  earnest  and  unremitting. 

Having  a  retentive  memory,  extensive  reading 
had  given  him  a  wealth  of  inteliectual  resources, 
which  enhanced  his  fine  conversational  gifts,  and 
furnished  him  with  copious  illustrations  in  his 
preaching. 

The  Laight  Street  Baptist  church  called  him  to 
the  ministry  in  1S46.  He  was  the  founder  and — 
from  18.3'J  to  1846— the  editor  of  The  Baptist  Ad- 
vocate {now  tl^e  Examiner  and  Chronicle). 

As  a  manager  of  the  Sunday-School  Union,  pres- 
ident of  the  Young  Men's  City  Bihle  Society  and 
of  the  Baptist  Domestic  Mission  Society,  and  a 
worker  in  other  benevolent  enterprises  iu  his  na- 
tive city,  he  was  active  and  efficient. 

lie  took  part  in  organizing  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  in  1835,  and  was  its  corre- 
sponding secretary  from  184C  to  1850,  when  the 
American  Bible  Union  was  founded,  of  which  he 
was  secretary  till  his  death. 

To  the  work  of  the  Bible  Union,  in  its  efforts  to 
procure  and  circulate  the  most  faithful  versions  of 
the  Scriptures,  he  gave  his  best  energies  and  his 
steadfast  support.  His  voluminous  correspondence 
in  the  interests  of  the  society  attests  his  devotion 
to  the  cause.  In  the  excited  controversy  occa- 
sioned by  the  movement  for  the  revision  of  the 
English  Bible  his  part  was  prominent,  but  he  was 
careful  not  to  ovei-step  the  bounds  of  Christian 
courtesy.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Madison  University  in  1858. 

He  was  the  author  of  various  religious  and  edu- 
cational books.  His  disposition  was  genial  and 
sympathetic ;  his  nature  refined  ;  his  life  pure  and 
devout. 

Of  his  seven  children,  five  survive  him.  His 
sudden  death  on  Nov.  2,  1877,  was  caused  by  a 
rupture  of  the  heart,  unaccountaljle  to  the  eminent 
physicians  who  were  present  at  the  post-mortem 
examination.  Dr.  WyckofT  performed  a  mighty 
work  fur  pure  versions  of  the  Word  of  God. 

Wyer,  Rev.  Henry  Hartstene,  was  bom  in 
South  Carolina.  July  20,  182',).  He  was  )>repared 
for  college  at  a  classical  school  in  Savannah,  (ia.  ; 
was  graduated  from  the  Columbian  College,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  receiveil  his  theological  education 
at  the  Princeton  Seminary,  N.  J.  In  18.54  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Upperville  and  Ebenezer 
churches,  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.  In  18.56  h§  removed  to 
Lynchburg,  where  he  remained  until  1859.     From 


18.59  to  1866  he  was  pastor  of  the  Oakland  and  Hope- 
ful churches.  From  1866  to  1871,  Mr.  Wyer  was 
principal  of  the  Fau(|uier  Female  Institute,  an  ex- 
cellent school,  anil  also  pastor  of  the  church  In 
Warrenton,  Va.  At  present  lie  is  the  pastor  of  the 
Carter's  Run  and  Broad  Hun  churches,  the  former 
of  which  was  organized  by  the  Rev.  John  Pickett, 
who  was  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  for  preach- 
ing the  gospel.  The  latter  was  organized  liy  the 
Rev.  David  Thomas  in  1702.  and  has  had  among 
its  pastors  such  well-known  men  as  Wm.  Fristoe, 

C.  George,  and  Jolm  Ogilvie. 

Wyer,  Rev.  Henry  Otis,  was  born  in  Beverly, 
Mass..  .Mareh  19.  18U2;  educated  at  Waterville  Col- 
lege, Me.,  and  at  Columbian  College,  AVashington, 

D.  C.  His  piety,  zeal,  and  talents  attracted  at- 
tention in  Savannah,  to  which  he  came  in  1824. 
and,  notwithstanding  his  inexperience,  he  was 
elected  pastor  of  the  church  there,  and  called  to 
ordination,  Dr.  AVin.  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  then  pastor 
at  Augusta,  and  Rev.  James  Shannon  officiating. 
He  remained  pastor  of  the  church  about  ten 
years,  when  excessive  labors  broke  his  health 
down  and  he  had  to  resign. 

Among  others  whom  he  was  instrumental  in 
bringing  to  Jesus  and  baptizing  were  Dr.  Richard 
Fuller,  Dr.  J.  II.  De  Votie,  and  Rev.  I).  G.  Daniel. 
As  a  preacher  he  had  few  equals,  for  he  was  es- 
pecially fitted  for  the  pulpit  by  his  sonorous  voice, 
comprehensive  mind,  cultivated  intellect,  and  sanc- 
tified heart.  His  characteristics  were  clearness, 
unction,  and  force.  Hundreds  were  converted  under 
his  ministry,  the  church  at  Savannah  was  revived 
and  built  up,  and  the  Baptist  cause  in  the  city 
greatly  advanced  by  his  labors.  He  passed  away 
May  8,  1857,  at  Alexandria.  Va.,  in  the  fifty-sixth 
year  of  his  age. 

Wynn,  Isaac  Caldwell,  D.D„  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J.,  Feb.  22,  1835  ;  was  bap- 
tized in  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  by 
Rev.  1.  X.  Ilayhurst,  in  March,  18.54:  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  University  of  Lewisburg  in  18.58;  was 
principal  of  the  academic  department  of  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg  from  1859  to  1864.  From 
1864  to  1867  he  held  the  principalship  of  a  classi- 
cal academy  at  Danville,  Pa.  Became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Hatborough,  Pa.,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1867,  where  he  was  ordained  Feb,  13,  1868, 
July  I,  1870,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Tabernacle 
church  of  Camden,  N.  J. 

During  his  pastorate  the  First  and  Tabernacle 
churches  of  Camden  were  united  in  1872  under  the 
corporate  title  of  the  Fourth  Street  Baptist  church 
of  Camden,  of  which  he  is  still  pastor.  His  spirit 
is  so  conciliatory,  and  his  wisdom  so  practical,  that 
he  has  been  instrumental  in  bringing  into  complete 
harmony  two  communities  formerly  worshipping 
in  separate  buildings;  and  the  blessing  of  God  has 


WYNN 


12«i' 


VATES 


prospered    the  church   in  conversions,  in   the   in- 
creased piety  of  tlie  raenihers,  and  in  tlie  favor  of 


Wyoming  Institute  of  Delaware,  The,  with 

grounds  and  Ijuildini;.  costing  S^^)(IOI.),  was  estab- 
lished in  IStl"  by  a  joint-stoi'k  company  at  Wy- 
ninini;,  Kent  ('o..  Del.  Kev.  0.  F.  Flippo,  then  a 
missionary  in  Delaware  of  the  American  Baptist 
Homo  Mission  Society,  after  consultinj;  prominent 
Baptists,  by  assistance  from  individuals  and  a  loan 
from  the  society  under  which  he  was  actinir,  pur- 
chased it  for  the  dcnoniination  for  a  school  and 
place  of  worship.  For  two  years  he  took  its  general 
oversight,  visiting  churclies  and  collecting  money 
to  pay  for  it.  In  1872,  Rev.  M.  Heath,  A.M.,  wa.s 
elected  principal,  a  position  which  he  still  holds 
(l.SSO).  lie  has  furnished  it  with  his  own  appa- 
ratus, employed  teachers,  and  conducted  its  educa- 
tional interests  on  his  own  responsibility.  It  was 
recliartered  in  187."),  providing  for  a  large  majority 
of  Baptists  in  the  board  of  trustees.  The  courses 
of  study  for  both  sexes  require  three  years  beyond 
ciunnnni-scliool  braindies.  Since  1S74  there  has 
licen  a  graduating  class  each  year  e.\cept  one. 
No  <lcbts  have  been  incurred  since  1873.  About 
S2O0I)  have  been  paid  on  the  original  indebted- 
ness, and  SIOOO  remain  unpaid.  The  institu- 
tion has  usually  from  four  to  six  teachers.  The 
Largest  annual  attendance  was  for  the  year  ending 
June,  1870,  when  101  were  registered.  This  insti- 
tution is  of  great  advantage  to  that  portion  of  the 

the  people  uf  Oamden.     In  1879  the  university  at  I  people  of  Delaware  surrounding  it,  especially  to  tin- 

Lewisburg  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  i  citizens  of  Wyoming. 


4-^ 


Yates,  Rev,  Aaron,  a  leading  Baptist  minister, 
who  resides  at  Arkadelphia,  Ark.,  was  born  in 
Georgia  in  1817;  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1850; 
began  to  preach  in  1854.  Ilis  labors  have  been 
chiefly  devoted  to  churches  in  Dallas  and  the  ad- 
joining counties,  and  have  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful. 

Yates,  M.  T.,  D.D.,  was  l)orn  in  Wake  Co., 
N.  C,  in  1819;  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Mount  Pisgah  church  in  October,  1836 ; 
went  to  school  to  George  W.  Thompson,  near  Wake 
Forest  College,  in  1838;  became  a  beneficiary  of 
the  Convention,  and  was  graduated  from  W.ake 
Forest  College  in  1846  ;  was  ordained  in  October, 
1846,  during  the  session  of  the  Convention  in  the 
city  of  Raleigh.  Rev.  Thomas  Meredith  preached 
the  sermon.  Rev.  William  Ilill  .Jordan  offered  the 
prayer,  Dr.  James  B.  Taylor,  of  Richmond,  de- 
livered the  charge,  and    the   venerable   Dr.  Wait 


presented  the  Bible.  Immediately  after  his  ordi- 
nation he  and  his  wife  sailed  for  China,  where 
they  have  been  laboring  for  thirty-five  years.  Dr. 
Yates  has  visited  the  United  States  three  times  dur- 
ing this  period,  in  search  of  health,  and  he  is  now 
publishing  in  the  Bililictil  Remrdir  "  Reminis- 
cenc^es  of  a  Long  Missionary  Life,"  which  will  be 
issued  in  book  fnrm  after  the  series  has  been  com- 
pleted. 

Dr.  Jeter,  clarum  el  venerahile  nomen,  once  said 
to  the  writer  that  "  he  regarded  Dr.  Yates  as  the 
ablest  missionary  whom  he  had  ever  known."  I 
asked,  "Did  yiai  knciw  Judson  ?  '  "  Yes,"  he  re- 
plied. "  I  knew  Judson  :  but  Yates  has  more  mind 
than  Judsnn."  During  the  war  between  the  States, 
Dr.  Yates  was  enabled,  by  a  judicious  investment 
of  some  money  he  had  left  on  interest  in  New 
York,  to  sustain  the  missionaries  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention   in   China,  who  were  cut   off 


VEAMAN 


1283 


VMfSKli 


from  rill  communication  with  tlic  lioiird  that  sent 
them  out.    Dr.  Yates  has  rendered  valualile  service 


interests  of  the  .State,  lie  was  for  a  time  proprie- 
tor and  editor  of  the  Cvntnil  Jiuplist,  also  chan- 
celh)r  of  William  .Jewell  (Jolle<;e,  and  president  of 
the  .Missouri  (leneral  Association.  He  still  holds 
this  office,  presidinj;  with  dignity  and  jiivinj;  gen- 
eral satisfaction. 

In  1870  he  resigne<l  the  caieof  the  Thin!  oliureh. 
and  fir  two  years  was  pastor  of  thi>  (Harrison  Ave- 
nue eliureh,  a  new  interest.  This  eliar^re  ho  re- 
signed, and  he  is  now  pastor  at  Glasgow,  and 
secretary  of  the  General  Association.  His  natural 
eloquence  and  superior  mental  endowments  give 
Iiim  great  power  over  an  audience.  He  is  an  in- 
dependent   thinker,  bold    in    his  utterances,  with 


M.   T.    V.^TF.S,   D.I). 

in  the  translation  of  the  Scriptures,  and  in  issuing 
evangelical  tracts  in  Chinese.  He  was  honored 
with  the  title  of  D.U.  by  Wake  -Forest  College  in 
1872. 

Yeaman,  W.  Pope,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Har- 
din Co.,  Ky.,  May  28,  1832.  He  was  the  third 
in  a  family  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  were 
sons.  His  father  was  a  man  of  culture,  and  emi- 
nent as  a  lawyer.  His  mother  was  Miss  Lueretia 
Helm,  sister  of  ex -Gov.  Helm,  of  Kentucky,  a 
lady  of  talent.  Si.x  of  the  brothers  became  law- 
yers. Dr.  Pope  Yeaman  studied  law  with  his 
uncle.  Gov.  John  Z.  Helm,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  For  nine  years 
Dr.  Yeaman  devoted  him.self  to  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  able  as  an  advocate,  and  was  retained  in 
diffiimlt  cases.  At  the  age  of  twenty-seven  he  en- 
tered the  ministry  and  received  ordination.  Hi.s 
tirst  pastorate  was  at  Nicholasville,  Ky.,  where  he 
divided  his  time  with  East  Hickman  church,  in 
Fayette  County,  succeeding  Ryland  T.  Dillard, 
D.D.,  who  had  preached  there  thirty-seven  years. 
In  1862  he  became  pastorof  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Covington,  Ky.  In  December,  ISt')7.  he  was  ' 
callcMl  to  the  (!entriil  I5a|)tist  church  of  New  York 
City.  In  March,  1870,  be  a(^'epted  a  (^all  to  the 
Third  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  In  the  same 
year  William  Jewell  College  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  Dr. 
Yeaman  has  been  active  in  all  the  denominational 


IV.    I'OI'E    VE.KMAN,    II. D. 

throngs  of  warm  friends.     His  influence  and  use- 
fulness in  Missouri  are  very  great. 

Yeiser,  Rev.  George  0.,  was  born  in  Lancaster, 
Grand  Co.,  Ky.,  Dec.  4,  182').  He  was  brought  up 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church  ;  gra<Iuiited  at  Centre 
College  in  1848;  followeil  the  profession  of  the 
law  for  eight  years  ;  was  collector  of  V .  S.  internal 
revenue  in  the  lirst  collection  district  in  Kentucky 
in  1864  and  1865.  On  June  5,  1868,  he  suffered 
an  affliction  that  was  blessed  in  bringing  his  soul 
to  God.  On  searching  the  Scripture  for  authority 
for  infant  sprinkling  he  became  convinced  that  im- 
mersion alone  is  baptism.  He  was  baptized  in 
September,  1868;  ordained  Aug.  .'),  1875;  became 
pastor  of  till!  Baptist  church  in  Ashland,  Neb.,  Aug. 
15,  1875.  Siru-e  1878  he  ha.s  been  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  churches  at  Red  Cloud  and  Guide  Kock. 
Neb. 


YERKES 


1284 


YOUNG 


Yerkes,  David  J.,  D.D,,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gonu'i-y  Co.,  I';i.,  Jan.  27,  1825;  was  graduated  at 
Columbian  College,  D.  C,  in  1848  ;  ordained  at 
Ilollidaysburg,  Pa.,  184y,  and,  after  a  pastorate  of 
seven  years  at  that  place,  took  charge  of  the  First 
I'hurcli  (if  Pittsburgh  for  four  years,  then  tlie  First 
cliiireh  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  for  three  years,  from 
which  hii  went  to  the  First  church  of  Plainfield, 
\.  J.,  in  the  fall  of  ISGii.  The  degree  of  I>.1).  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Columbian  College  and  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  in  1870.  Since  the  settle- 
ment of  Dr.  Yerkes  in  Plainfield  a  fine  new  church 
edifice  has  lieon  built  and  paid  for,  several  exten- 
sive revivals  have  been  enjoyed,  and  the  member- 
shi)i  of  the  rhiiroh  has  increased  to  800. 

Young,  Aaron  H.,  was  born  in  1780,  in  Fair- 
fax Co.,  Va.  He  was  brought  to  Kentucky  by  his 
parents  when  a  child,  and  was  converted  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Peter  Dud- 
Icy-  He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  lived  at 
MarthaviUe,  where  he  helped  to  organize  the  Friend- 
ship Baptist  church.  Afterwards  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis  County  and  joined  the  Fee  Fee  church. 
His  house  was  the  home  of  Peck,  Hurley,  Music, 
and  Williams,  the  pioneer  preachers  of  Missouri. 
He  loved  knowledge,  art,  and  the  Saviour's  gospel. 
Mr.  Young  was  a  useful  layman,  and  a  great  helper 
to  the  church. 

Young,  Rev.  C.  B.,  an  aged  minister  in  Mar- 
shall Co.,  Miss.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1815;  began  to  preach  in  1837;  removed  to  Mis- 
sissippi in  1840;  ordained  in  1845,  and  during 
the  thirty-five  years  of  his  useful  ministry  he  has 
supplied  a  number  of  churches  in  Marshall  and  the 
surrounding  counties,  where  his  labors  have  been 
greatly  blessed.  At  the  age  of  sixty-six  he  is  waiting 
beside  the  river,  with  a  long  life  of  usefulness  be- 
hind and  the  prospect  of  rest  beyond. 

Young,  Hon.  Edward,  Ph.D.,  was  born  in 
Nova  Scutia,  Dec.  11,  1814,  and  was  educated  at 
llorton  Academy,  now  Acadia  College.  He  was 
engaged  for  a  while  in  commercial  pursuits,  but, 
removing  to  Philadelphia,  became  a  publisher  of 
statistical  works.  On  coming  to  Washington,  he 
was  chosen  chief  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Statistics, 
which  position  he  held  for  more  than  eight  years, 
with  great  honor  to  himself  and  usefulness  to  the 
commercial  interests  of  the  government.  While 
chief  of  this  important  bureau,  he  was  appointed  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States  a  delegate  to 
the  International  Statistical  Congress  held  in  St. 
Petersburg,  Russia,  in  1872,  and  won  for  himself  in 
that  distinguished  assembly  a  high  reputation  as  a 
statistician.  He  served  as  one  of  the  vice-presidents 
of  that  congress.  The  emperor  of  Russia  was  so 
favorably  impressed  with  the  ability  of  Dr.  Young 
that  he  sent  him  a  valuable  diamond  ring,  which,  by 
a.special  act  of  CongresSfhe  was  permitted  to  accept. 


It  is  a  fact  well  worthy  of  record  that  Dr.  Young, 
who  has  always  been  a  zealous  advocate  of  tem- 
perance, and  an  opponent  of  theatrical  representa- 
tions, in  consequence  of  their  corrupting  tenden- 
cies, while  in  Russia  steadfastly  declined  to  partake 
of  wine,  so  abundantly  furnished  at  the  tables  of 
the  emperor  and  of  other  members  of  the  royal 
family  ;  and  also  to  visit  the  theatre  in  Moscow, 
when  all  the  other  members  of  the  congress  made 
the  visit  at  the  invitation  of  the  authorities  of  that 
city.  W^liile  attending  the  congress,  the  fact  was 
brought  to  Dr.  Young's  notice  that  the  "  Stund- 
ists,''  who  are  mainly  Baptists,  were  imprisoned 
in  Southern  Russia,  charged  with  disseminating 
heresy  and  drawing  away  from  the  orthodox 
(Russo-Greek)  church  some  of  its  members  ;  he 
used  his  influence,  naturally  great  under  the  cir- 
cumstances of  his  position,  with  the  high  officials 
of  Russia  to  secure  their  liberation.  In  this  merci- 
ful labor  he  was  greatly  aidc<l  by  his  friend.  Baron 
de  Ro/.en,  grand  master  of  the  court  and  confiden- 
tial friend  of  the  emperor,  who  kindly  undertook 
to  interest  in  behalf  of  the  imprisoned  Baptists 
Prince  Dondouroff-KorsakofiF.  governor-general  of 
Kiev,  in  which  place  the  "  Stundists"  were  held 
for  trial,  the  result  of  which  was  that  a  new  trial 
before  a  higher  court  was  granted,  and  the  de- 
cision made  that,  although  the  prisoners  were  cul- 
pable, yet  they  were  not  guilty  of  disseminating 
heresy,  and  were  consequently  discharged,  with 
the  exception  of  two,  who  were  sent  to  the  authori- 
ties of  another  jurisdiction.  Dr.  Young  stands 
deservedly  high  as  a  writer  in  his  special  field  of 
studies  and  labors.  He  edited  for  many  years  a 
temperance  paper  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  subse- 
quently industrial  journals  in  New  York  and 
Philadelphia.  In  addition  to  numerous  regular 
monthly,  quarterly,  and  annual  reports  on  the 
commerce  and  navigation  of  the  United  States,  he 
prepared,  in  1871,  a  special  report  on  immigration, 
in  which  a  vast  amount  of  valuable  information 
with  regard  to  the  advantages  of  the  country  was 
furnished  for  those  looking  towards  a  settlement 
here.  Of  this  work  20,000  copies  were  published 
in  English,  10,000  in  German,  and  10,000  in 
French,  for  which  the  author  was  awarded  a  medal 
and  diploma  by  the  Interruitional  Geographical 
Congress  at  Paris  in  1875.  In  1872  he  issued  a 
special  report  on  the  "  Customs-Tariff  Legislation 
of  the  United  States,"  which  is  a  standard  work 
in  this  and  in  other  countries.  His  last  work,  on 
"  Labor  in  Europe  and  America,"  has  received  the 
very  highest  commendations  from  economists  and 
statesmen  in  this  country  ami  in  Europe.  He  has 
also  nmde  frequent  valuable  contributions  to  the 
monthly,  weekly,  and  d.aily  journals,  chiefly  on 
economical  subjects.  He  is  an  honorary  member 
of  the  Statistical  Society  of  London,  and  owing 


YOUNG 


1285 


YOUNG 


to  his  reputation  as  a  statistician  the  government 
of  Canada  has  been  desirous  of  seciirinj;  his 
services.  He  is  at  the  present  time  (1879)  at 
Ottawa,  cnjiajied  in  special  service. 

Dr.  Youn;;  has  lieon  for  many  3ears,  and  still  is, 
a  member  of  the  First  Haptist  church,  W'ashini;- 
ton  ;  is  a  deacon  of  the  chundi,  ami  was  for  several 
years  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 
The  Columbian  College,  in  recognition  of  his  val- 
uable services  to  the  government,  conferred  upon 
him,  ill  1S67.  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  (as 
did  also  Acadia  College),  and  in  1.^71  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  Dr.  Young  is  interesteil 
in  the  higher  education  of  the  youth  of  the  coun- 
try, and  has  given  to  the  Columbian  College  a 
gold  medal,  "The  Young  prize  for  excellence  in 
metaphysics,''  annually  awarded  to  the  best  student 
in  imnital  )ihilisopliy. 

Young,  Rev.  George  Whitefleld,  was  bom  in 
Amherst  Co.,  V'a.,  Feb.  15,  18U7.     His  father, -John 


REV.  OEllRGE    WHlTEFIEI.n    YOUNG. 

Young,  was  a  Baptist  minister  of  whom  honorable 
nicnlion  is  made  in  Rev.  James  B.  Taylor's  "  His- 
tory of  Virginia  Baptist  Ministers''  as  "one  of 
those  who  wore  imprisoned  for  Christ's  .sake." 

liev.  George  W.  Young  united  with  the  Prospect 
Baptist  church  of  Amherst  Co.,  Va..  in  1827  :  in 
April,  1845,  he  was  ordained  in  Elim  church,  Hay- 
wood Co.,  Tenn.,  having  left  his  native  State  in 
October,  1829  :  he  continued  serving  the  best  inter- 
ests of  this  church  until  his  death,  Dec.  .'5.  1S74.  in 
the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  instrumental  in  the  formation  of  Hermon 


church,  Lauderdale  Co.,  and  he  was  its  pastor  for 
several  years.  In  1852  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  Woodlawn  church,  and  served  it  until 
declining  health  forced  him  U>  resign.  In  1869  he 
accepted  the  pastoral  care  of  Salem  church,  Lau- 
derdale Co.,  and  in  187.3  commenced  his  labors 
with  Bloomington  (now  Brighton)  church,  Tipton 
Co. 

The  Big  llatchie  Association  frequently  selected 

I  Rev.  G.  W.  Young   as  its  moderator,  and  he  was 

I  repeatedly  elected  president  of  the  West  Tennessee 

I  Baptist  Convention.     These  offices  of  dignity  and 

I  worth  were  conscientiously  an<I  satisfactorily  filled. 

His  great  influence  w.as  always  exerted  for  the  good 

of  humanity.     Iljs  appearance  was  commanding, 

his  manners  were  social  and  easy.     He  had  a  kind 

word   for  all  who  came  in  contact  with  him  ;  his 

affection  and  gentleness  won  the  sympathies  of  the 

young,  and  their  welcome  made  his  visits  doubly 

enjoyable. 

His  piety  was  of  the  quiet,  practical  order,  un- 
obtrusive, but  not  to  be  mistaken. 

A  short  time  previous  to  his  death  he  reviewed 
his  past  life  and  labors,  and  in  commenting  upon 
theiii  to  an  intimate  friend  and  associate  he  re- 
marked that,  "so  far  as  the  doctrines  he  had  preached 
were  concerned,  he  believed  them  all,  and  in  his 
practice  of  them  had  nothing  to  regret ;  that  with 
eternity  in  view,  he  wiis  more  than  ever  convinced 
that  it  was  wrong  to  affiliate  with  the  teachers  of 
error.'  "  I  know  whom  I  have  believed,  "  were 
the  words  uttered  by  him  just  befiire  yielding  up 
his  spirit,  showing  that  his  faith  did  not  forsake 
him  in  the  hour  of  death. 

He  passed  away  from  this  life  Dec.  3,  1874,  but 
his  memory  still  remains  honored  by  the  church 
and  those  who  knew  him. 

Young,  Rev.  Jesse,  one  of  a  noble  band  of  pio- 
neers in  South  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South  Car- 
olina, and  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1811:  or- 
dained in  1827  ;  was  indefatigable  in  his  labors  to 
plant  primitive  Christianity  in  South  Mississippi 
and  F.astern  Louisiana,  and  was  blessed  as  the 
instrument  in  establishing  laany  churches;  died 
in  1.S47. 

Young,  Mrs.  M.  J.,  was  born  in  Beaufort,  N.  C, 
about  182M.  Her  father.  Xathan  Fuller,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  Samuel  Fuller,  who  came  to  America 
in  the  "  Mayflower."  His  paternal  grandmother 
was  a  daughter  of  Michael  Pacquenett,  a  Huguenot, 
of  Bordeaux,  who  emigrated  to  this  country  after 
the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and  married, 
in  Virginia,  a  direct  descendant  of  John  Rolf  and 
Rebecca,  his  wife,  better  known  as  Pocahontas. 
Her  mother  is  the  daughter  of  Dr.  .lohn  Marshall, 
Essex,  England,  who  was  eilucaled  at  Eton  and 
Trinity  College,  Oxford.  Mrs.  Young  was  edu- 
cated chiefly  under  Episcopal  influence,  at  Greens- 


YOU  NO 


1286 


YOUNG 


boroiif;li,  Ala.,  iuid  nover  licanl  a  Uaptint  serinoii 
till  sixteen  years  of  a;;e,  when  she  first  heard  Uev. 
D.  P.  Bestor  preach.  Reinovinf;  to  Houston, 
Texas,  in  1843,  slie  continued  to  attend  the  Episco- 
pal church,  teach  a  Sunday-school,  read  her  prayer- 
book,  and  felt  hurt  when  it  was  said,  "Oli,  never 
mind,  let  her  read  her  prayer-hook,  when  she  is 
converted  she  will  join  the  Baptist  Church." 
Through  the  influence  of  Kev.  W.  M.  Tryon  she 
was  induced  to  examine  the  New  Testament  as  to 
her  duty  about  baptism,  and  in  IS4()  shi;  was  bap- 
tized by  Mr.  Tryon  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Houston  Baptist  church.  The  administrator,  de- 
.scendcd  from  the  Welsh  Baptists,  told  her  that 
throujih  him  she  hail  received  upostolic  baptism, 
through  the  succession  of  the  ancient  Christian 
(rhurcli  of  Wales.  In  February,  1847,  she  was 
married  to  Dr.  S.  O.  Youn;;,  of  South  Carolina, 
who  died  the  same  year.  She  has  written  short 
poems,  stories,  and  letters  of  travel  ;  is  the  author 
of  "  Cardena,"  a  serial,  showin;;  that  .Judaism  has 
no  consistent,  loi;ioal  developmeut  except  in  Bap- 
tist faith,  and  a  work  on  botany,  published  by  A. 
S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  New  York,  to  which  is  added  the 
most  complete  flora  of  Texas  yet  published.  Her 
attainments  as  a  botanist  have  been  recoi^nized  by 
eminent  scientists  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  she  has  distinj;uished  correspondents,  literary, 
scientific,  historical,  poetical,  tlieoloi;ical,  and  mili- 
tary. She  has  been  Te.xas  State  botanist,  and  su- 
perintendent of  public  schools  at  Houston,  Texas. 
She  was  the  Texas  member  of  the  Woman's  Cen- 
tennial Committee,  and  was  honored  by  HisUracc 
the  Duke  of  Richmond  and  Gordon,  K.O.  She  is 
connected  either  actively  or  honorarily  with  numer- 
ous associations  for  pomolo;;ical,  horticultural,  and 
scientific  purposes  in  .\merii!a.  She  is  <levoted  to 
the  interest  of  the  Houston  Baptist  church,  and  all 
worthy  Baptist  enterprises.  She  has  fascinating 
conversational  powers,  and  writes  in  an  attractive 
style,  commandiiif^  the  hifrh  re(;ard  of  all  who  are 
numbered  aiiionj;  licr  friends  or  acquaintances. 

Young,  Rev.  Robert  F.,  was  born  near  ('oates- 
ville.  Pa.,  Sept.  4,  1810.  From  the  time  of  his 
f;reat-^randfather,  Ninian  Youni;, — who  in  1754  re- 
sided on  and  owned  a  tract  of  about  two  hundred 
acres  in  East  Fallowfield,  Chester  Co., — his  family 
were  farmers,  and  Robert  himself,  until  near  man- 
hood, led  the  same  hardy  life. 

Denominationally,  the  earlier  generations  of  the 
family  were  almost  exclusively  Presbyterian  ;  but, 
about  the  close  of  the  year  1774,  the  <;randfather 
of  Mr.  Young  married  Martha,  sister  of  the  late 
and  still  revered  Deacon  Thomas  Shields,  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Philaih'lphia,  and  to  this 
L'raft  from  a  more  orthodox  stuck  is  probably  due 
the  large  number  of  Baptists  in  the  Youni;  family. 
And  no  doubt,  too,  it  was  in  part  owing  to  the  ex- 


ample and  influence  of  this  lady,  wlioui  Mr.  I'oung 
still  remembers  in  her  latter  days  as  a  constant 
Bible-reader  and  (I  Arm  Baptist,  as  well  as  to  his 
own  iloep,  youthful  convictions,  that  he  was  led  to 


REV.    ROnERT    F.  VOUNG. 

be  baptized  in  1824,  to  unite  with  the  Hcphzibah 
church. 

When  only  seventeen,  Mr.  Young,  feeling  called 
to  preach  the  gospel,  began  the  preparatory  study 
of  Latin  and  Greek  at  Moscow  Academy,  above 
Sadsburyville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

In  1831  he  was  licensed  by  the  Bethesda  Bap- 
tist church,  Chester  Co.,  and  the  same  year  en- 
tered the  Literary  and  Theological  Institution  at 
Hiimilton,  N.  Y. 

After  studying  at  Hamilton  two  years,  early  in 
the  fall  of  1833  Mr.  Young  left,  ami  toi.k  charge 
of  religious  meetings  at  Milestown,  near  Philadel- 
phia, out  of  which  the  Union  Baptist  church  was 
constituted  in  November,  1833,  of  which  he  became 
the  first  pastor.  He  was  ordained  Feb.  19,  1835. 
During  this  year  he  commenced  a  course  of  study 
in  Greek,  theology,  etc.,  under  the  late  Rev.  Dr. 
W.  T.  Brantly,  Sr.,  of  Philadelphia,  which  was 
per.severingly  continued,  with  other  duties,  for  sev- 
eral years. 

In  May,  1834,  Mr.  Young  began  preaching  at 
Chestnut  Hill  as  an  out-station.  There  was  no 
Baptist  church  nearer  than  Rcixborough.  As- 
sisted by  th(^  pastor  of  that  church, — the  Kev.  D. 
A.  Nichols, — evening  meetings  were  held  during 
the  month  of  August. 

After  ten  evenings   thus  spent,  eleven    persons 


vorsa 


1287 


YOUNG 


related  their  "  cxperiemie"  and  weie  bii|itlzed, 
Miss  M.  A.  Gilbert,  now  Mrs.  Young,  her  father, 
the  late  lionored  Deacon  Israel  Gilbert,  her  mother 
and  brother,  the  late  Dr.  Jonathan  (iilbert,  beinj; 
among  the  candidates. 

From  these  nioetiti{^s  the  Chestnut  Hill  Baptist 
ihiindi  was  .suniinoned  into  life,  and  reeoi^nizi'd 
Sept.  17,  1834,  of  whieh  Mr.  Young  took  charge 
-Ian.  1,  1835.  This  pastorate  was  continued  for 
fourteen  years.  Here  he  first  developed  to  all  that 
became  acquainted  with  him  his  now  well-known 
cliaracter, — that  ''  of  a  inan  above  reproach  or 
doubt," — ^of  pure,  humble,  prayerful,  consistent, 
and  earnest  life. 

His  labors  during  this  period  were  abundant  in 
iiis  own  parish  and  in  several  outlying  stations. 
In  183.").  by  his  e.tertions  and  by  the  liberality  of 
liis  father-in-law,  Deacon  Gilbert,  amid  much  op- 
position, the  Baptist  meeting-house  of  Chestnut 
Hill  was  built.  For  about  eighteen  months,  while 
laboring  in  Chestnut  Hill,  Mr.  Young  preached 
for  the  church  at  Mount  Pleasant,  and  during  that 
time  its  membership  was  doubled.  About  thi.s  time 
also  he  held  Sabbath  afternoon  and  week-day  even- 
ing services  in  the  Mennonite  chapel  and  elsewhere 
at  Oermantowu,  which  resulteil  in  the  first  baptism 
there,  that  of  a  Mrs.  Fisher,  of  School  Lane,  who 
afterwards  united  with  the  church  at  "  the  Hill." 
For  four  years  he  alternated  with  the  Rev.  Horatio 
G.  Jones,  D.D.,  in  supplying  the  church  at  Balli- 
gomingo  on  Sunday  afternoons,  and  in  adminis- 
tering the  ordinances.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Young 
began  preaching  on  Lord's  day  afternoons,  and  oc- 
casionally during  the  week,  in  the  "school-house" 
at  Cold  Point,  in  Plymouth.  Montgomery  Co.  By 
subscri[itions,  which  he  obtained,  he  bought  a  lot, 
and  built  the  first  house  of  worship  there,  bap- 
tizing about  forty  converts,  who  retained  their 
ineml)er.ship  at  Chestnut  Hill  until  the  Plymouth 
church  was  organized.  In  April,  1838,  Mr.  Youog 
had  the  privilege  of  baptizing  the  first  seven  per- 
sons at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  the  germ  of  the 
present  church  there.  On  the  20th  of  ^lay,  184."), 
Mr.  Young  baptized  Christopher  Oarr,  aged  one 
hundred  and  one  years,  a  veteran  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, and,  at  the  same  time,  his  great-granddaugh- 
ter, aged  eleven  years,  while,  on  another  occasion, 
he  administered  the  rite  to  a  household,  consist- 
ing of  Capt.  John  llunston,  his  wife,  and  four 
daughters. 

On  the  1st  of  October,  1849,  Mr.  Young  removed 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Salem,  N.  J.,  where 
he  had  a  successful  pastorate  of  five  years.  The 
church  was  much  strengthened,  and  101  persons 
were  added  by  baptism.  Through  liis  efforts  most 
of  the  debt  then  remaining  on  the  church  edifice 
was  paid,  and  by  his  suggestion  an  attempt  was 
made,  by  the  call  of  a  convention,  to  establish  a 


school  "of  higher  gra<le"  within  the  jurisdiction 
and  under  the  control  of  the  West  -lersey  Baptist 
Association. 

In  April,  18o2,  an  educational  committee  was 
aiqiointed,  the  rear  lecture-room  of  the  Salem 
church  was  fitted  up  for  school  purposes,  and,  dur- 
ing the  first  year,  sixty  pupils  were  in  attendance. 
Soon,  however,  this  promising  enterprise,  so  dear 
to  the  heart  of  its  moving  spirit,  was  for  the  time 
abandoned  :  but  it  was  again  renewed  in  1805,  and 
became  the  flourishing  South  Jersey  Institute,  lo- 
cated at  Bridgeton. 

Mr.  Young  remained  at  Salem  until  October, 
1854,  when  he  returned  to  Chestnut  Hill,  and  re- 
built their  present  neat  meeting-house,  and  gath- 
ered the  scattered  flock. 

In  March,  1859,  at  the  request  of  the  Baptist 
Committee  on  City  Missions,  he  left  "  the  Hill," 
and  went  to  the  nineteenth  ward,  Philadelphia, 
and  the  following  May  organized  the  present 
Frankford  Avenue  Baptist  church,  with  twenty-six 
constituent  members.  Here  he  remained  till  De- 
cember, 1801,  when  the  church  numbered  125. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1802,  he  took  charge  of 
the  church  at  Iladdonfield,  N.  J.  In  this  exten- 
sive field  he  has  since  labored  with  the  most  sub- 
stantial success.  The  church  property  has  been 
greatly  improved,  a  debt  resting  upon  it  liquidated, 
and  an  elegant  parsonage  provided.  To  the  single 
Lord's  day  school,  held  in  the  lecture-room  of  the 
clinrcli,  five  mission  schools,  at  various  points,  have 
been  added,  .and  they  arc  all  flourishing,  while  more 
than  300  converts  have  been  baptized. 

Outside  of  the  church,  too,  here,  as  in  his  other 
parishes,  his  influence  for  good  has  developed  itself 
in  various  ways,  but  in  none,  perhaps,  more  prom- 
inently than  as  the  ever  outspoken  and  uncompro- 
mising foe  of  the  demon  of  intemperance. 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Young  is  one  of  a  type  too 
fast  passing  away.  His  sermons  evince  careful 
preparation,  abound  in  Scriptural  quotations,  and, 
though  intensely  Baptistic,  are  full  of  generous 
sentiments  to  men  of  dift'erent  opinions  from  his 
own.  His  voice  is  pleasantly  modulated,  his  enun- 
ciation clear,  and  his  manner  in  the  pulpit  is  sol- 
emn and  impressive.  He  has  now  spent  about 
forty-eight  years  in  the  pastoral  oflice,  baptizing 
more  than  twenty  converts  in  each  year  of  his 
ministry.  '"  He  is  still,  "  in  the  words  of  a  brother 
clergyman,  "  vigilant  anil  earnest  in  the  .Master's 
service,  and  with  little  apparent  abatement  of  his 
early  vigor  for  the  work  he  so  much  loves." 

Youn^,  'William  Mcintosh,  D.D.,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Kdinburgh,  Scotland.  At  a  very  early  age 
he  was  brought  to  this  country  by  an  uncle,  who 
resided  at  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  with  whom 
he  remained  but  a  short  time,  as  he  soon  learned 
that  it  was  the  intention  of  his  uncle  to  have  him 


ZRALT 


1288 


ZlOirS  ADVOCATE 


trained  for  the  Catholic  priestliood.  Filled  with 
disgust,  he  left  hira  to  dwell  among  strangers. 
Finding  his  way  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  he  was  soon 
converted  and  baptized.  He  believed  that  he  was 
called  of  God  to  preach  Christ,  and  at  the  Ac- 
aileniical  School  in  Worcester.  Mass.,  he  prep!ire<l 
himself  to  enter  Columbian  College,  from  which 
he  graduated  with  honor,  and  was  chosen  class 
orator.      His  first  charge  was   near  Norfolk,  Va. 


From  this  place  he  removed  to  Williamsburg, 
Va.,  and  afterwards  to  Wilmington,  N.  C.  Leav- 
ing the  South,  he  came  to  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  where 
he  I'eniained  several  years.  Spent  one  year  in  Oil 
City,  Pa.,  two  years  in  Woliurn.  Mass.,  and,  after 
a  pastiirate  of  nearly  four  years  in  Meadvillc,  Pa., 
he  was  called  to  Cheyenne.  AVyuming,  where,  after 
organizing  a  church,  he  was  suddenly  called  to  his 
reward  Feb.  20,  1879. 


>  i-aci «  I 


Zealy,  J.  T.,  D.D.,  late  pastor  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  | 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1830;  educated  in 
the  Military  School  of  South  Carolina;  ordained  I 
at  Beaufort  in  1851  ;  was  some  time  pastor  at  Tal- 
ahassee,  Fla.  ;  Cheraw,  S.  C.  :  five  years  pastor  at 
Columbia,  S.  C.  ;  during  the  war  was  president  of   : 
several  female  colleges;  in  18G8  became  pastoral 
Houston,  Texas,  where  be  continued  seven  years  ; 
was  then  called  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he  con- 
tinued until  recently. 

Zion's  Advocate,  a  weekly  religious  paper,  the 
organ  of  the  Baptist  ilendmination  in  the  State  of 
Maine.  The  first  number  of  this  pa|)er  was  pub- 
lished Nov.  11,  1S28,  under  the  editorial  nmnage- 
ment  of  Rev.  Adam  Wilson,  who,  with  great  cour- 
age and  selfdenial,  conducted  its  affairs  for  ten 
years.  It  then  came  into  the  hands  of  Rev.  Joseph  j 
Ricker,  whose  connection  with  it  continued  until 
Dec.  27,  1842,  when  Dr.  Wilson  resumed  the  edi- 
torial chair,  having  as  assistant  Rev.  Lewis  Colby, 
at  the  time  pastor  of  the  Free  Street  church  in 
Portland.  Mr.  Colby  held  this  relation  a  few 
months  only,  and  until  the  paper  was  sold,  in  1848, 
Dr.  Wilson  was  sole  editor.  The  Adporate  having 
been  purchased  by  Mr.,  now  Prof.,  S.  K.  Smith, 
of  Colby  University,  the  first  numlier  under  his 
management  was  issued  Sept.  1,  1848,  and  the 
paper  was  enlarged  to  seven  columns  instead  of 
six,  and  was  called  Zion's  Advocate  and  Eastern 
Watchman,  the  name  which  it  now  bears.  Mr. 
Smith  held  his  office  until  his  election  to  a  profes- 
sorship in  Waterville  College,  when  the  paper  came 
into  the  hands  of  Mr.,  now  Prof.,  J.  B.  Foster,  who 


had  charge  of  it  for  eight  years,  when  his  election 
to  a  professorship  in  Waterville  College  led  to  his 
resignation  and  the  transfer  by  purchase  to  Rev. 
W.  H.  Shailer,  D.D.,  then  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church  in  Portland.  Mr.  J.  W.  Colard  was 
associate  editor  with  Dr.  Shailer  during  nearly  the 
entire  period  of  the  latter  gentleman's  connection 
with  the  paper.  The  office  of  the  Advocate  was 
burned  at  the  time  of  the  great  tire  in  Portland. 
July  4,  1866.  Fortunately,  the  paper  of  that  week 
had  been  sent  out,  and  the  next  week  a  small  sheet 
was  issued.  The  paper  resumed  its  old  size  the 
week  following.  Thus  there  has  been  no  break  in 
the  weekly  issue  of  the  paper  since  its  commence- 
ment in  1828.  The  present  editor  and  proprietor. 
Rev.  Henry  S.  Burrage,  a  graduate  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity of  the  class  of  1861,  purchased  the  paper 
from  Rev.  Dr.  Shailer  in  September.  1873,  and  en- 
tered upon  his  editorial  duties  October  22  of  that 
year.  In  April.  1877.  the  paper  was  enlarged  to 
its  present  eight-column  size,  and  it  has  entered 
upon  the  second  half-century  of  its  existence, 
taking  a  place  among  the  best  denominational  pa- 
pers in  the  country.  It  has  had,  and  now  has,  a 
valuable  chiss  of  contributors  to  its  pages.  The 
infiuence  it  has  had  in  the  enlargement  and  eleva- 
tion of  the  Baptist  churches  in  Maine  has  been 
very  great.  While  kind  and  courteous  in  spirit, 
it  has  unflinchingly  maintained  what  it  has  sin- 
cerely believed  was  '•  the  faith  once  delivered  to  the 
saints."  Conducted  in  the  same  spirit,  for  the 
future  it  will  continue  to  be  worthy  of  the  best 
patronage  the  Baptists  of  Maine  can  give  to  it. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


A. 


Alderson,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Yorkshire, 
England,  in  16'J9.  His  father,  Rev.  Jolin  Aliler- 
son,  \va.s  a  minister  of  respectable  standing  in 
his  denomination.  His  son,  the  subject  of  this 
notice,  was  a  wayward  youth,  and,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  or  twenty,  came  to  America  on  board  a 
British  man-of-war.  Locating  in  Xew .Jersey,  near 
the  old  Bethlehem  church,  he  worked  in  the  field  for 
a  respectable  fanner  by  tlie  name  of  Curtis,  whose 
favor  he  secured,  and  whose  daughter  he  married. 

Having  embraced  the  Saviour  in  the  fullness  of 
his  heart,  he  was  baptized,  and  received  into  the 
Bethlehem  church.  Possessing  a  clear  intellect 
and  a  heart  deeply  imbued  by  divine  grace,  he 
was  encouraged  to  give  himself  to  the  ministry  of 
the  Word.  At  length  he  was  sent  forth  as  a 
herald  of  the  Cross  by  his  church. 

Thomas  Hollis,  of  London,  who  was  noted  in  his 
day  for  aiding  Baptist  ministers  with  good  bouks, 
had  presented  Rev.  -John  Alderson,  of  Yorkshire, 
with  several  volumes,  among  which  were  ''  Reach 
on  the  Parables,"'  "  Keaoh  on  Scripture  Meta- 
phors," large  folio,  and  '"  Cottin's  Concordance," 
quarto,  London,  1635.  The  aged  liither  sent  these 
hooks  to  his  son  as  an  evidence  of  his  inexpressible 
pleasure  in  learning  that  he  had  clianged  his  man- 
ner of  life  and  was  now  a  preacher  of  the  gospel. 
Mr.  Alderson  removed  to  Germantown.  and  here 
continued  in  the  ministry  until  1755.  when  he  lo- 
cated in  Rockingham  Co..  Ya. 

This  frontier  country  had  been  previously  vis- 
ited by  himself,  Benjamin  Griffith,  Samuel  Eaton, 
and  John  (iano.  On  tlie  urgent  solicitation  of  the 
few  brethren  there  Mr.  Alderson  was  induced  to 
settle  as  their  preacher,  and  on  the  6th  of  August, 
1756,  he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  them  into 
a  church,  called  Smith's  and  Linville  Creek  church. 

A  little  Baptist  church,  which  became  extinct, 
existed  in  the  Isle  of  \Vight  County  in  1714.  The 
Opeckon  was  constituted,  in  Berkeley  County,  in 
1743,  and  this  church,  constituted  by  Mr.  Aider- 
son,  was  the  third  that  had  a  name  in  the  State  of 
Virginia.  Though  twice  dispersed  by  the  inroads 
of  the  Indians,  "after  two  or  three  years,"  says 
82 


Semple,  the  historian,  '■  they  rallied  again,  and  put 
their  church  matters  in  regular  order.  On  the  12th 
of  October,  1762,  Mr.  Alderson  attended  the  meet- 
ing of  the  Philadelphia  Association,  when  his  church 
was  received  as  a  member  of  that  body.''  Subse- 
quently, Mr.  Alderson  removed  to  Botetourt  Co., 
Va.  Like  many  of  the  early  Baptist  ministers  of 
that  State,  he  did  not  escape  persecution.  He  was 
imprisoned  in  the  jail  at  Fincastle.  Ilediedin  1781, 
in  the  eighty-third  year  <if  his  age,  and  was  buried 
in  the  grave-yard  of  his  neighborhood,  afterwards 
abandoned  and  overgrown  with  tall  oaks,  with 
neither  hillock  nor  stone  to  mark  his  resting-place. 
Alexander,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  -Jan.  30,  lS2'.i, 
in   the  city   of  Quebec.      His  parents,  who  were 


REV.  JOHN    ALEXANDER. 


Scotch  Presbyterians,  died  when  he  was  yet  an  in- 
fant. Converted  in  1845,  he  at  once  consecrated 
himself  to  God  for  the  ministry,  and  in  1846  he  en- 

1289 


ALLISON 


1290 


ARNOLD 


tered  Knox  College  (Presbyterian),  Toronto,  where 
he  completed  the  course  of  five  years  then  pre- 
scribed, with  a  partial  attendance  at  King's  (now 
University)  Collt'jie.  In  IS.jl  he  was  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  Free  Presbyterian  chiircli,  Niagara,  On- 
tario. From  thence,  in  I8<')4,  he  removed  to  Brant- 
ford,  where  he  formed  what  is  now  known  as  Zion 
Presbyterian  church,  and  secured  the  erection  of 
the  fine  edifice  owned  by  that  body.  While  in 
Braiitford,  in  obedience  to  Christ  and  conscience, 
he  left  the  Presbyterian  communion,  and  was  bap- 
tized, in  December,  1860,  by  the  late  Dr.  Fyfe,  be- 
coming a  member  and,  in  a  few  weeks,  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church.  In  1863  he  was  called 
to  the  First  church,  Montreal,  where  he  remained 
seven  years,  when  he  returned  to  Brantford,  and 
aided  in  forming  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church. 
Five  years  later  he  took  charge  of  another  new  in- 
terest in  the  same  city,  now  the  East  Ward  church. 
He  subsequently  spent  a  short  time  in  advocating 
the  cause  of  the  Grand  Ligne  Mission,  three  months 
with  the  church  in  Ottawa,  111.,  and  a  year  and  a 
half  as  pastor  in  Simoiie,  Ontario.  He  entered 
upon  his  present  pastorate  at  Brockville,  Ontario, 
in  response  to  a  twice-repeated  call.  Mr.  Alexan- 
der is  one  of  the  most  useful  and  honored  men  in 
the  Baptist  ministry  in  Canada.  His  work  in 
Brantford  and  Montreal  was  specially  fruitful,  and 
laid  the  foundation  of  much  of  the  present  prosper- 
ity of  the  cause  in  those  cities.  For  seven  years  be 
was  secretary  of  the  Eastern  Home  Missionary  Con- 
vention and  of  the  Sunday-School  Union,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mission,  in  wWch  objects 
he  took  a  very  deep  and  practical  interest. 

Allison,  Rev.  J.  V.,  of  Pawnee  Rock,  ■Kansas, 
was  born  in  1S15,  in  Western  Pennsylvania;  edu- 
cated at  Philadelphia,  and  ordained  in  1840,  and 
settled  a.s  pastor  at  Willistown.  His  next  charge 
was  that  of  Vincent  Baptist  church  at  Chester 
Springs,  in  the  same  county.  From  his  pastorate 
at  Vincent  be  was  called  by  tlie  board  of  the  Penn- 
.sylvaiiia  Baptist  Convention  to  serve  as  financial 
agent,  and  two  years  later  was  appointed  by  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg 
financial  agentof  that  institution.  After  two  years 
of  service  on  behalf  of  the  university  he  accepted 
a  call  from  the  Blocklcy  Baptist  church,  Philadel- 
phia, from  which  he  removed  to  .Mount  Carroll, 
III.,  and  labored  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State 
as  missionary  and  pastor  for  a  period  of  twenty- 
four  years,  organizing  three  churches  and  building 
four  meeting-houses.  In  1874.  entirely  prostrated 
physically,  and  with  but  faint  hope  of  ever  being 
able  to  labor'  in  the  ministry  again,  he  resigned 
his  charge,  and  the  following  year  removed  to  bis 
present  location  in  the  Arkansas  Valley,  Kansas. 
But  the  change  of  climate  wonderfully  restored  his 
health,  and  he  is   now  (April,  1881)  actively  en- 


gaged in  the  work  of  the  ministry  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society, 
having  four  young  churches— Kaymond,  Pawner 
Rock,  Larned,  and  Walnut — under  his  charge, 
three  of  which,  and  one  other,  having  been  organ- 
ized under  his  labors. 

Alward,  Rev.  Ephraim,  was  bom  in   New 

Brunswick,  .June  2,  1830.  His  parents  removed  t" 
Ohio  in  his  infancy,  and  he  was  converted  at  four- 
teen. At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  removed  to  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.,  where  he  was  baptized  in  .January. 
1849.  Soon  after  this  he  entered  William  Jewell 
College,  Mo.,  from  which  he  graduated  in  185.'). 
About  the  time  of  leaving  college  he  was  ordained. 
He  removed  to  Kansas  in  January,  18.')8,  and  was 
the  first  Baptist  minister  that  located  in  Northeast 
Kansas,  and  for  four  consecutive  j'ears  was  the 
itinerant  mission.ary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  in  that  region.  He  has  been  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  churches  at  Springfield,  Mo.,  at 
Red  Oak.  Iowa,  and  in  Kansas  at  Burlingame,  To- 
peka,  Hiawatha,  and  Wathena. 

Arnold,  Hon.  Welcome,  was  bom  in  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.,  Feb.  5,  1745.  He  took  up  his  residence 
in  Providence,  where  he  commenced  business  as  a 
commission  merchant.  His  industry  and  ability 
arrested  the  attention  of  President  Manning,  of 
Brown  University,  in  whose  church — the  First 
Baptist — he  was  a  worshiper.  As  the  war  of  the 
Revolution  came  on,  Mr.  Arnold  being  now  alone 
in  business,  began  to  develop  still  more  strikingly 
his  talents  as  a  merchant.  lie  entered  into  navi- 
gation extensively,  and  was  so  largely  interested  in 
the  ownership  of  vessels  that  it  is  said  that,  .ilthough 
he  accumulated  a  handsome  fortune  as  the  result 
of  his  enterprise,  thirty  vessels  were  captured  by 
the  British  or  lost  in  some  way  during  the  period 
of  the  war  of  each  of  which  he  was  a  part  owner. 
He  represented  the  town  several  years  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  four  times  was  elected  Speaker 
of  the  house.  Had  he  chosen  he  might,  without 
doubt,  have  been  elected  governor  of  the  State. 
For  this  position,  however,  he  had  no  special  am- 
bition, his  large  business  requiring  so  much  atten- 
tion that  he  could  not  command  the  time  to  attend 
to  the  duties  of  the  office.  Although  not  a  meni- 
bor  of  the  church,  Mr.  Arnold  was  a  decided  and 
pronounced  Baptist,  and  liberally  contributed, 
like  his  fellow-merchants  of  the  Brown  family,  in 
sustaining  public  worship  in  the  new  sanctuary,  in 
the  erection  of  which  he  took  a  deep  interest.  He 
was  a  personal  friend  of  both  President  Manning 
and  President  Maxcy,  and  gave  generously  to  the 
funds  of  Brown  University,  of  which  he  was  a 
trustee  from  1783  to  his  death,  which  occurred 
Sept.  .30.  1798.  Among  his  descendants  may  be 
mentioned  the  name  of  his  grandson,  the  late  Hon. 
S.  G.  Arnold,  a  .sketch  of  whose  life  mav  be  found 


ARTHUR 


1291 


BEUGLESS 


In  the  "  Encyclopaediii."  Among  the  Baptist  lay- 
men of  Rhode  Ishind  he  takes  a  wortliy  place,  and 
his  memory  is  respected  in  liis  adopted  home. 

Arthur,  William,  D.D.,  was  horn  in  County 
Antriij),  of  Scotch-Irish  stock,  a  people  whose 
descendants  Imve  given  the  United  States  several 
presidents,  many  valiant  soldiers,  and  hosts  of 
useful  citizens.  Mr.  Arthur  was  a.  graduate  of 
IJelfast  College.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in 
his  eighteenth  year,  and  entered  the  Baptist  min- 
istry. From  18.55  to  1863  he  was  pastor  of  the 
<"alvary  church  in  New  York.  He  served  the 
churches  at  Bennington,  Ilinesburg,  Fairfield,  and 
W'illistown,  V't.  ;  and  at  York.  Perry,  Greenwich, 
.Schenectady,  Lansinghurg,  Hoonic,  West  Troy, 
and  Newtonville,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died  in  October, 
1873.  Pr.  Arthur  was  an  author  of  extensive 
learning,  and  a  minister  of  great  usefulness  and 
piety.  His  distinguished  son,  Chester  A.  Arthur, 
is  now  President  of  the  United  States. 


Asplund,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Sweden ;  came 
to  England  in  177.')  ;  was  in  the  British  navy  for 
Slime  time,  from  which  he  deserted,  and  settled  in 
Xorth  Carolina.  lie  joined  the  Baptist  church  at 
Balhird"s  Bridge.  Chowan  Co.,  in  1782;  removed 
to  Southampton,  Va.,and  was  ordained.  In  1791- 
!  i)4  he  published  his  first  and  second  "  Baptist  Reg- 
ister." In  these  two  productions  he  treasured  up 
invaluable  statistics  of  the  Baptist  denomination. 
Morgan  Edwards,  Isaac  Backus,  11.  B.  .Semple,  and 
John  Asplund  are  the  greatest  literary  benefactors 
of  American  Baptists.  He  says  "  he  made  a  tour 
of  the  Baptist  churches  to  obtain  the  necessary  in- 
formation (for  his  work).  He  traveled  about  7(X)0 
miles  in  about  eighteen  months,  chiefly  oh  fool, 
and  visited  about  2l.i  churches  and  fifteen  Associa- 
tions." (Introduction  to  his '■  Register"  for  1791.) 
He  was  drowned  in  Fishing  Creek,  Va.,  in  1807. 
while  attempting  to  cross  it.  The  literary  work 
of  this  Swedish-American  is  rare  and  costly. 


B. 


Balcom,  Rev.  George,  was  bom  at  Oxford, 
Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  was  a  brother  of  the  late 
Hon.  Ransom  Balcom.  of  Binghamton,  and  of  Rev. 
B.  F.  Balcom,  of  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.  Converted 
after  he  had  reached  the  maturity  of  early  nian- 
hood  and  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  life,  he 
gave  himself  to  the  ministry  with  all  the  ardor  of 
his  large  heart. 

In  his  native  State  he  labored  with  marked  suc- 
cess, especially  as  .-in  evangelist.  Removing  to 
Kansas  in  1870,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  Master's 
work  with  his  accustomed  zeal,  aiding  pastors  in 
special  meetings  and  laboring  with  much  self-de- 
nial among  the  feeble  churches  and  in  the  destitute 
regions  on  the  frontier.  Dui-ing  his  ministry  of 
twenty-seven  years  he  baptized  more  than  2000, 
and  several  converted  umler  his  labors  are  now 
preaching  the  gospel.  He  died  in  Cawkei-  City, 
Kansas.  Dec.  21.  1^79,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year. 

Berry,  Rev.  Philip,  was  born  near  Hacken- 
sack,  X.  J..  Feb.  10,  1837.  His  parents  were  of 
Huguenntic  descent  (Berri  and  Homey n),  and  were 
strii-t  members  of  the  Reformed  Hutch  Church.  He 
graduated  at  Rutgers  Cullcge,  N.  .J.,  in  ls.'i7.  and 
at  the  Theological  Seminary  in  that  place  in  1800. 
During  his  theological  course  he  paid  a  visit  to. 
Oermany,  and  on  his  return  was  shipwrecked  by 
the  burning  of  the  steamer  '"Austria."  of  the 
Hamburg  line,  in  which  catastrophe  000  persons 
perished  and  but  88  were  saved.     The  shock  re- 


ceived by  this  accident  was  so  severe  that  he  never 
recovered  from  it.  His  first  settlement  after  grad- 
uation was  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  In  1863  he 
was  commissioned  bv  the  American  Board  as  n 
missionary  to  Syria.  Here  he  labored  for  two 
years,  greatly  enjoying  the  work ;  besides  ac- 
quiring' the  Arabic  language,  he  laid  in  stores  of 
knowledge  of  the  greatest  value  in  Scriptural  in- 
terpretation. But  owing  to  the  enervating  eflTect 
of  the  climate,  both  upon  himself  and  upon  Mrs. 
Berry,  they  returned  to  this  country  in  the  autumn 
of  1803.  For  six  years  after  this  he  labored  in 
preaching  and  teaching  among  the  Pcdobaptists. 
At  length  his  views  on  baptism,  which  for  twelve 
or  fifteen  years  had  caused  him  grave  doubt.s  and 
difficulties,  were  submitted  to  the  test  of  Scripture 
alone,  and  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church,  Worcester,  Mass.,  in 
February,  1872.  After  laboring  in  Massachusetts 
for  five  years  in  preaching  the  gospel,  he  was 
chosen  assistant  editor  of  the  National  Baptist  in 
the  spring  of  1*>78.  His  special  work  on  the  paper 
is  the  conducting  of  the  Bible  School  and  the  Liter- 
ary Department. 

.Mr.  Berry  is  a  man  of  devoted  piety,  and  of 
great  usefulness. 

Bengless,  Rev.  J.  D.,  was  born  in  Delaware 
Co.,  Pa..  Oct.  18,  1830.  In  his  eighteenth  year, 
his  father  having  removed  to  Philadelphia,  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  the  Baptists,  and  he  was  so 


BEVAN 


1292 


BUCHAN 


thoroui^lily  convinced  of  the  harmony  of  their  prin- 
ciples with  divine  revelation  tliat  the  followinf; 
year,  upon  a  profession  of  faith,  he  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Eleventh  Baptist  ehnreli, 
I'liiladelphia.  In  1850  he  entered  the  university 
at  Lewisl)urL',  from  which  he  graduated  in  IStiO. 

After  leaving  the  university  he  was  for  a  time 
an  assistant  to  the  editor  of  the  Christian  Chi-un- 
icte,  the  Baptist  paper  of  Pennsylvania.  Subse- 
quently he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Pawtuxet 
cliurch  of  Rhode  Islaml.  'f  hen  lie  served  as  chap- 
lain of  the  2d  11.  I.  Infantry  until  wounded  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  volunteer  service  with  his  regiment  in  June, 
1864,  and  was  commissioned  by  President  Lincoln 
a  cliaplain  in  the  navy  July  2,  1864,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  lie  has  seen  active  service  in  peace 
and  war  in  almost  all  the  lands  and  waters  of  the 
globe.  He  participated  in  the  two  assaults  on  Fort 
Fisher. 

He  is  president  of  the  Associatiim  of  Naval  Chap- 
lains of  the  United  States,  an  organization  having 
for  its  object  the  increased  eflSciency  of  the  corps. 

Chaplain  Beugless  has  culture,  intellect,  and 
piety;  he  is  fitted  by  character,  genius,  and  broad 
education  for  any  position  in  his  profession  on  sea 
or  on  land. 

Bevan,  Isaac,  D.D.,  was  born  in  South  Wales, 
Jan.  27,  ISI  I,  He  was  converted  at  seventeen  and 
baptized  ;  commenced  preaching  at  nineteen  ;  was 
ordained  at  twenty-one,  and  immediately  left  for 
this  country.  His  parents  were  worthy  members 
of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Very  soon  after  his  arrival  in  this  country  he 
went  to  Cold  Si)ring,  N.  Y.  His  first  pastorate 
was  in  Fishkill  Plains,  and  continued  seven  years. 
In  connection  with  his  labors  on  this  field  he  did 
considerable  work  that  was  blessed  of  God  at  Red 
Mills,  Carmel,  Patterson,  Stanford,  Pine  Plains, 
Amenia,  Pleasant  Valley,  Matteawan,  and  Wap- 
pinger's  Falls.  In  connection  with  these  labors 
the  following  churches  were  organizeil  :  Cold 
Spring,  Putnam  Valley.  Matteawan,  Wuppinger's 
Falls,  and  Beekman.  After  this  he  was  pastor  at 
Amenia  two  years  :  at  Rhinebeck  and  Tivoli  nearly 
six,  and  at  Hamilton  two. 

In  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  his  pastorates  have 
been  at  Reading,  eight  years;  at  Scranton,  ten 
years  ;  at  Clark's  Green  and  Hyde  Park,  ten  years. 
For  part  of  two  years  he  was  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Penn.sylvania  Baptist  State  Convention. 

Few  men  have  prized  more  highly  the  privilege 
of  preaching  the  gospel.  His  courteous  bearing 
towards  all  Cliristians  of  whatever  name,  coupled 
with  an  unflinching  adherence  to  truth,  endeared 
him  to  thousands  who  listened  to  his  preaching. 

Binga,  Rev.  A.,  Jr.,  was  bom  June  I,  1843,  at 
Amherstburg,  Ontario,  Dominion  of  Canada.     He 


is  the  son  of  a  Baptist  minister  who  was  one  of 
the  fathers  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  that  region' 
After  pursuing  his  studies  at  King's  Institute,  On- 
tario, he  spent  several  years  in  studying  medicine. 
He  was  baptized  in  February,  I8(')7,  licensed  to 
preach  in  the  following  April,  and  ordained  in  Sep- 
tember. In  18t)8  he  became  principal  of  the  Al- 
bany Enterprise  Academy  in  Ohio,  in  connection 
with  which  position  he  preached  regularly  every 
Sunday.  In  1872  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Manchester,  Chesterfield  Co.,  Va., 
and  for  nine  years  has  been  most  successful  in  his 
labors.  During  this  period  he  has  baptized  544 
persons.  On  three  different  occasions  he  had  the 
pleasure  of  baptizing  over  120  candidates,  and  at 
one  time  baptized  128  persons  in  fifty-five  minutes. 
Mr.  Binga  has  a  wide  fielil  of  usefulness.  He  has 
served  as  principal  of  the  colored  school  in  Man- 
chester, as  recording  secretary  of  the  liaptist  State 
Convention,  as  secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Sun- 
day-School Convention,  and  chairman  of  the  For- 
eign Mission  Board.  He  has  written  considera- 
bly as  associate  editor  of  several  papers,  .and  as 
contributor  to  the  columns  of  the  Relii/iiius  Herald. 
He  is  a  good  prc.icher,  a  judicious  counselor,  a 
warm  friend  of  higher  education,  earnestly  inter- 
ested in  all  movements  which  have  for  their  object 
the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the  denomina- 
tion, and  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  colored  Baptists 
of  A'irginia. 

Blackall,  Clarence  H.,  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  18.')6  ;  was  graduated  after  a  full  course  in 
architecture  in  the  Illinois  Industrial  University 
under  Dr.  John  M.  Gregory  ;  spent  two  years  in 
Paris  in  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  under  the  celebrated 
architect  M.  Andre.  While  in  Paris  he  was  an 
efticient  laborer  in  the  American  chapel,  and  cor- 
responded with  marked  ability  for  the  Slaiulard, 
of  Chicago,  the  National  Baptist,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle,  of  New  Y'ork. 
He  gives  promise  of  success  in  his  profession  and 
usefulness  in  his  church. 

Broadus,  Hon.  Edmund,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va., 
long  a  prominent  member  of  the  Virginia  Legisla- 
ture, and  a  very  influential  layman  in  the  Shiloh 
Association :  a  wise,  good,  and  useful  man  ;  elder 
brother  of  William  F.  and  Andrew  Broaddus,  and 
father  of  -James  M.  and  John  A.  Broadus.  (The 
name  is  contracted  from  Broadhurst,  which  is  now 
pronounced  so  in  London.) 

Buchan,  David,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
March  3,  1807.  He  was  descended  from  a  long 
line  of  pious  ancestors,  a  line  which  included 
Ebenezer  Erskine,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland.  His 
father  was  an  elder  in  a  Scotch  Baptist  church. 
He  was  educated  for  the  legal  profession,  but  re- 
linquished it.     When  quite  a  youth  he  was  con- 


BUCHAN 


1293 


BUCKNER 


verted  and  bapti/.oil.  In  1834  he  emigrated  to 
Canada,  and  settled  near  the  town  of  Paris,  where 
he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  a  Baptist  church. 
The  beautiful  edifice  in  which  this  church  now 
worships  was  erected  at  his  sole  cost  in  1864.  In 
lS4y  he  removed  to  Toronto,  and  started  a  weekly 
Baptist  newspaper. — Tlie  Pioneer.  Two  years  after 
he  was  appointed  by  the  government  bursar  of 
Toronto  University  and  Colleges,  an  office  which 
he  held  until  his  death.  For  many  years  a  mem- 
bc'r  of  Bond  .Strec^t  Baptist  church,  Toronto,  he  at 
length  left  it,  with  others,  to  form  a  new  church  in 
Yorkville,  of  which  he  was  the  senior  deacon  and 
principal  supporter.  lie  was  also  for  several  years 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  By  his  re- 
moval the  various  denominational  societies  in  the 
province  of  Ontario  lost  an  earnest  advocate,  a 
generous  contributor,  and  a  wise  counselor.  An 
ardent,  loy.al  Baptist,  lie  was  also  a  friend  to  the 
cause  of  evangelical  religion  by  whomsoever  repre- 
sented. At  the  time  of  his  de.ath,  Oct.  17,  1877,  he 
was  president  (for  the  third  time)  of  the  Home  Mis- 
sion Convention  of  Ontario.  He  was  smitten  with 
apoplexy  on  his  own  threshold,  as  he  was  starting 
out  to  attend  a  ineoting  of  the  board. 

Buchan,  Humphry  Ewing,  M.A.,  M.D.,  son 
of  David  Buchan,  was  Ijorn  at  Braeside.  near  Paris, 
Ontario,  May  20,  1842.  He  graduated  B.A.  in  the 
University  of  Toronto  in  1864,  and  M.B.  in  medi- 
cine at  the  same  university  in  1867.  and  subse- 
quently spent  two  j'c.ars  at  the  leading  hospitals 
of  London  and  Glasgow.  While  in  .Scotland  he 
passed  the  exauiination  and  received  the  license  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Physicians,  Edinburgh,  and 
the  Faculty  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Glasgow. 
He  is  consulting  physician  to  the  Hospital  for 
Sick  Children,  Toronto,  ,and  physician  to  Toronto 
General  Hospital.  He  is  al.so  the  representative 
of  Toronto  University  on  the  Council  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario. 

Dr.  Buchan  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caldi- 
cott  in  1863.  In  1877  he  was  elected  deacon  of 
the  .larvis  Street  church,  Toronto.  He  was  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday-school  from  1877  to  1880, 
when  he  resigned  on  account  of  professional  duties. 
He  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Con- 
vention of  Ontario  in  1877-78.  He  is  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Toronto  Baptist  College,  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Baptist  Union  of  Can.ada.  For  two 
years  he  was  managing  editor  of  the  Christian 
Helper,  which  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  start- 
ing. No  layman  as  young  as  Dr.  Buchan  is  better 
known  or  more  deservedly  popular  in  his  native 
province. 

Buck,  William,  was  bom  in  Ancaster,  Ontario, 
Aug.  22,  1S28.  He  was  trained  in  the  public 
schools.  At  the  present  time  (1881)  he  is  one  of 
the  largest  manufacturers  in  the  Dominion.    He  is 


identified  with  many  enterprises  of  a  national,  lit- 
erary, and  religious  character,  and  supports  every- 
thing that  seems  to  promise  the  welfare  of  society. 
He  is  president  of  the  Brantford  Board  of  Trade,  a 
director  nf  the  Royal  Loan  Society,  the  Brantford 
Young  Ladies"  College,  and  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  of  Brantford.  He  is  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church,  of  which 
he  was  one  of  the  earliest  members,  and  also  of  the 
Canadian  Literary  Institute,  Woodstock,  and  of 
the  Toronto  Baptist  College.  In  1869-70  he  was 
president  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Convention  of 
Ontario.  Mr.  Buck  is  an  earnest,  practical  Chris- 
tian, a  liberal  giver,  and  a  wise  counselor.  He  is 
one  of  the  pillars  of  the  denomination  in  Canada. 

Buckner,  Rev.  Daniel,  w,is  born  in  Laurens 
District,  S.  C,  Sept.  3i).  ISOI.  His  father  re- 
moved, in  1S07,  to  Kast  Tennessee.  In  the  spring 
of  1SI6  the  Spirit  led  him  to  Christ,  and  he  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Lick  Creek,  now 
AVarrensburg,  church,  Greene  Co.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1827.  He  labored  extensively  in  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  traveling  in  all  directions 
and  fi;r  long  distances  to  tell  the  story  of  the  Cross. 
He  possessed  apostolic  zeal,  self-denial,  and  suc- 
cess. In  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  removed  to 
Texas,  where  he  still  lives,  feeble  with  age  and 
full  of  hope,  and  where  God  has  also  blessed  his 
labors. 

He  preached  for  fifty  years,  and  baptized  2500 
persons.  Of  the  5000  converted  under  his  minis- 
try, twenty-five  of  those  whom  he  immersed  became 
ministers  of  the  gospel.  The  distinguished  Indian 
missionary  and  the  able  editor  of  The  Texas  Baptist 
are  liis  sons. 

Buckner,  H.  F.,  L.D.,  resides  at  Eufaula,  Creek 
Nation.  He  is  a  man  of  consuming  zeal,  of  more 
than  ordinary  natural  ability,  and  of  great  perse- 
verance. He  w.as  born  Dec.  18,  1818,  near  New- 
port, East  Tenn.  He  was  converted  when  a  small 
boy,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Madi- 
sonvilh".  Tenn..  in  1832,  being  baptized  by  his  own 
father.  In  1S35  he  entered  the  Southwestern 
Theological  Seminary,  where  he  remained  three 
years.  He  went  to  Alabama  in  183S,  and  en- 
gaged in  teaching.  From  early  youth  it  had  been 
his  desire  to  preach,  but  it  was  not  until  his  resi- 
dence in  Alabama  that  he  consented  to  enter  the 
ministry.  Licensed  in  1839,  he  was  soon  after  or- 
dained, and  took  charge  of  four  churches,  at  the 
same  time  continuing  his  studies  in  the  University 
of  Alabama.  In  the  mean  time  his  parents  h.id 
removed  to  Kentucky,  where  he  rejoined  them  in 
1841.  He  became  a  .State  missionary  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  of  Kentucky,  and  labored  with 
great  success,  chiefly  in  Greenup  and  the  adjoining 
counties.  In  1848  he  became  a  missionary  to  the 
Indians,  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Indian 


BUTLEI! 


1294 


CABANISS 


Mission  Assoriiition,  wliose  lioarU  resided  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  and  when  the  liahilities  and  assets  of  that 
board  were  transl'erred  to  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
.  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, in  1855,  he  became  the  missionary  of  that 
Convention,  and  has  continued  this  relation  until 
the  present  time.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Baylor  University. 

Wherever  he  has  been  engaged  Dr.  ISuckner  has 
been  successful  ;  but  it  is  by  his  labors  as  an  In- 
dian missionary  that  he  is  I)est  known  to  the  de- 
nomination. Among  the  Indians  he  is  exceedingly 
popular,  and  he  wields  a  great  influence  over  thtm. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  Creek  grammar,  and  has 
translated  the  gospel  by  John  into  the  Creek  lan- 
guage, besides  which  he  has  compiled  a  Creek 
hymn-book.  Acting  mostly  as  a  superintendent  of 
missions,  he  ha.s  been,  and  still  continues  to  be,  an 
exceedingly  useful  missionary  among  the  Indians 
iif  the  West.     (See  article  on  Indian  .Missions.) 

Butler,  Rev.  John,  was  bom  in  Nottingham 
West,  N.  II.,  April  13,  17S9,  and  hopefully  con- 
verted at  the  age  of  fourteen,  under  the  preaching 
of  Rev.  Thomas  Paul.  On  Oct.  6,  1806,  he  united 
with  the  church  in  N'ewbury  and  Newburyport, 
Mass.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  April,  1809, 
and  in  ISIO  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Han- 
over, Mass.,  where  he  remained  fourteen  years.  He 
then  removed  to  Waterville,  Me.,  where  he  estab- 
lished a  school  for  young  ladies,  meanwhile  preach- 
ing most  of  the  time  ;  during  his  fourteen  months' 
residence  in  this  place,  he  baptized  sixty  persons. 
His  next  settlement  was  in  East  Winthrop,  where 
he  commenced  his  labors  in  May,  1825,  devoting  a 
part  of  his  time  to  teaching.  Here  he  remained 
six  years.  On  the  8th  of  May,  1831,  he  began  his 
pastorate  in  North  Yarmouth,  where  he  continued 
until  Oct.  15,  1835,  and  then  accepted  jin  agency 
from  the  State  Convention,  to  jireach  for  feeble 
churches  and  in  destitute  sections  of  Maine.  This 
position  he  held  for  nearly  two  years.  The  next 
ten  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  doing  the  work 
of  an  evangelist,  preaching  wherever  the  provi- 
dence of  God  called  him.  During  this  period  he 
was  engaged  in  eighteen   revivals  of  religion,  in 


which  it  is  estimated  that  about  1200  persons  were 
hopefully  converted.  In  the  year  18.54,  several  of 
his  children  having  established  homos  in  Ohio  an<l 
Kentucky,  Mr.  Butler  removed  to  that  part  of  the 
country.  The  state  of  his  health  was  such  that 
he  was  unable  to  preach  much.  The  last  baptismal 
service  which  he  performed  was  in  Middletown,  0.. 
the  candidates  tieing  his  three  grandchildren.  Hi- 
died  at  the  home  of  his  son  Charles,  in  Franklin, 
O.,  July  1,  1856.  During  his  forty-eight  years  in 
the  ministry  he  labored  in  as  many  as  forty-two 
revivals,  the  first  and  the  last  being  with  the 
church  where  he  was  first  settled,  in  Hanover. 
Mass. 

Butler,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Water- 
ville, Me.,  Oct.  I'J,  1824:  was  fitted  for  college  at 
the  Yarmouth,  Me..  Academy  ;  spent  the  first  three 
years  of  his  college  course  at  Georgetown  College, 
and  was  a  graduate  of  what  is  now  Colby  Univer- 
sity in  the  class  of  1842.  His  ordination  took  place 
at  Turner,  Me.,  Oct.  28.  1845.  Here  be  remained 
nearly  five  years, — 184.5-50, — when  he  became 
agent  of  the  Missionary  Union  for  Maine  and  East- 
ern Massachusetts,  resigning  in  the  fall  of  18.50 
to  take  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Eastport. 
Mc,  where  he  remained  till  Sept.  3,  1859.  From 
June  14,  1800,  to  May  10,  1803,  he  w.as  pnstoi- 
at  Auburn  ;  from  1804  to  1869,  at  Camden  ;  from 
1869  to  1872,  at  Albion,  III. ;  from  1872  to  No- 
vember, 1873,  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas ;  from 
November,  1873,  to  Oct.  1,  1876,  at  Second  church 
in  Bangor,  Me. ;  from  November,  1873,  to  October, 
1S7(>,  at  Dexter;  from  April,  1877,  to  April, 
187S,  at  North  Vas.salborough -.  and  at  Hallowell 
from  April,  1880.  to  April,  1881.  He  represented 
Vassalborough  and  Windsor  in  the  State  Legis- 
l:iture  of  1880.  He  was  the  private  secretary  of 
Vice-President  Hamlin  from  1861  to  March  4. 
1865.  Dr.  Butler  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  his  alma  mater,  of  which  institution  he  has 
been  a  trustee  since  1856,  in  the  year  1873.  In 
addition  to  his  labors  as  a  pastor  he  has,  through 
the  whole  period  of  his  ministry,  performed  much 
labor  as  an  evangelist  in  Maine,  Massachusetts, 
Illinois,  and  Kansas. 


»  oge    ( 


o. 


Cabaniss,  Judge  E.  G.,  was   bom   in   Jasper  '  the  State.    He  settled  in  Forsyth,  Monroe  Co.,  and 

Co.,  Ga.,  in  1MJ5,  and  died  suddenly  at  Atlanta  in  '  was  elected  county  clerk   in    1826,   retaining  the 

1871.     After  completing  a  course  at  Harvard  Col-  office  twenty-five  years.     He  was  also  clerk  of  the 

lege,  in  1822,  he  was  called  to  the  bar  in  Georgia,  Court  of  Ordinary  for  the  same  length  of  time, 

and  rose  to  be  one  of  the  most  eminent  judges  in  I  He  was  elected  clerk  of  the  house  of  representa- 


CAIRNS 


1295 


UATES 


lives,  in  the  Legislature,  in  1840,  and  in  IS57  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  Flint  circuit,  which  position 
lie  held  until  1861  with  distinguished  credit  to 
himself.  He  was  elected  .State  senator  in  1862; 
he  was  also  appointed  Confederate  States  tax  col- 
lector and  comuiissioner  for  Georgia,  retaining  the 
position  honorahly  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In 
1805  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  constitutional 
convention,  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year 
was  elected  to  Congress.  Early  in  the  year  1871 
he  was  appointed  hy  the  governor  auditor  of  the 
State  road,  called  the  "  Western  and  Atlantic  Kail- 
road,"  and  removed  his  family  from  Forsyth  to 
Atlanta,  where  he  suddenly  e.tpired.  -Judge  Ca- 
lianiss  united  with  the  Baptists  in  1S3G,  and  was  a 
man  of  deep  piety,  and  of  great  faithfulness  to 
Christ.  He  assisted  in  organizing  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  in  May,  1845,  and  for  many 
years  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University.  A 
strong  temperance  man,  a  bright  Mason,  and  a 
conspicuous  example  of  uprightness,  honor,  and 
integrity.  In  his  death  Georgia  lost  one  of  her 
noblest  citizens  and  most  reliable  counselors,  in 
whose  heart  there  was  no  guile. 
Cairns,  Rev.  James,  was  bom  in  Scotland. 

.\])ril  y.  1S24.  xVt  tifteen  he  was  converted  and 
united  with  the  Presliyteriali  Church.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1849  he  came  to  America.  After  living  some 
time  in  New  York  he  removed  to  Zanesville,  O. 
-Vt  this  period  the  Baptists  were  engaged  in  erecting 
a  house  of  worship,  and  the  pastor,  Rev.  D.  E. 
Thomas,  came  to  Mr.  Cairns  and  asked  for  a  contri- 
bution ;  he  replied  that  he  could  give  no  assistanci' 
to  such  bigoted  people  as  the  Baptists,  for  although 
they  admitted  that  others  were  on  the  way  to 
heaven,  yet  they  would  not  admit  members  of 
other  churches  to  the  Lord's  Supper.  Sir.  Thomas 
defended  his  principles,  and  as  the  subject  turned 
upon  baptism,  it  was  arranged  that  they  should 
hold  a  discussion  at  the  home  of  Mr.  Cairns,  and 
that  the  Bible  should  be  the  only  authority  used. 
While  engaged  in  preparing  for  it,  Jlr.  Cairns, 
much  against  his  will,  was  convinced  that  immer- 
sion is  the  only  Bible  mode  of  baptism.  Mrs. 
Cairns,  who  was  assisting  her  husband  in  Ills  re- 
searches, came  to  the  same  conclusion.  .lune  12, 
1M52,  they  were  both  baptized.  .Mr.  Cairns  re- 
moved to  Bloomington,  III.,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  there,  where,  in  October,  185ti,  he 
was  ordained  as  pastor  of  Smith's  Grove  church. 
-Vfterwards  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Fairliurg  churih,  and  remained  live  and  a  half 
years,  during  which  the  church  increased  from  40 
to  288  members.  He  was  afterwards  pastor  of 
the  churches  at  Lacon,  Rochelle,  Polo,  and  Cam- 
bridge, 111.  From  the  latter  place  he  removed  to 
Wiiitield,  Cowley  Co,,  Kansas,  and  became  the 
pastor  of  the   First  Baptist  church   of   that  city. 


Mr.  Cairns  has  baptized  about  500  persons.  He 
has  been  instrumental  in  erecting  several  church 
oditices,  and  be  has  organized  si.xteen  churches. 

Cameron,  Eev.  A.  A,,  was  born  in  Breadalbane, 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  in  1841.  He  has  sprung 
from  a  ministerial  family ;  his  father,  his  uncle, 
grand-uncle,  and  quite  a  number  of  other  near  rela- 
tives have  been  or  are  clergymen.  He  received  bis 
early  education  in  the  Free  Church  School  of  Law- 
ers,  and  the  parish  school  of  Killin.  At  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  became  tutor  in  a  gentleman's 
family,  in  Lochs  Glenlyon.  In  185"  he  emigrated 
to  Canada,  his  father  being  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Breadalbane  Baptist  church,  Ontario.  He 
pursued  his  further  education  in  the  grammar- 
scho<jls  of  Vankleek  Hill  and  L'Original.  He 
taught  school  as  a  first-class  teacher  for  five  years ; 
entered  the  Baptist  College,  Woodstock,  Ontario, 
as  a  theological  student  in  1864  ;  graduated  in  April, 
1867  :  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church. 
Strathroy,  the  following  June;  and  was  calleil 
to  his  present  pastorate  in  Ottawa,  the  capital  of 
the  Dominion,  in  1871.  In  the  latter  city  he  has 
met  with  much  success.  He  is  an  eloquent  and 
effective  speaker,  a  great  controversialist,  and  a 
stanch  Baptist. 

Cameron,  Rev,  Robert,  was  born  in  1839, 
in  Oxford  (u.,  Ontario.  He  became  a  Christian 
in  1859,  In  1861,  under  Methodist  Episcopal 
auspices,  he  began  to  preach.  He  was  baptized  in 
the  autumn  of  1802.  He  graduated  B.A.  in  1868, 
and  M..V.  in  1869,  from  the  University  of  Toronto. 
While  pursuing  his  collegiate  course  he  became 
succe.-^sively  pastor  in  Lorra,  Ontario,  and  editor 
of  the  Bajitist  Freeman.  On  gniduating  he  settled 
for  a  short  time  over  a  church  in  Fairport,  N.  Y. 
During  this  pastorate  he  went  to  England  in  the 
interests  of  the  Grand  Ligne  Mission.  On  his 
return  he  was  pastor  for  a  time  in  New  York, 
He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Haptist  Union, 
but  in  1875,  being  dissatisfied  with  the  course  of 
that  paper,  he  withdrew  entirely  from  it,  and  from 
further  co-operation  with  the  so-called  liberal  Bap- 
tists. On  visiting  Canada  shortly  after,  he  received 
a  unanimous  invitation  to  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
church,  Brantford,  of  which  he  is  still  the  highly- 
esteemed  and  successful  pastor. 

Cates,  Rev,  M,  D.,  was  bom  In  Orange  Co., 
N.  C.  In  April,  1834,  be  came  to  East  Tennessee. 
March  II,  1838,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellow- 
of  the  McMinnville  church.  In  1S43  he  went  to 
school  in  Xashville,  after  this  to  Union  University, 
at  Murfreesborougb.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
.McMinnville  church.  Oct.  13,  1844,  Elders  Bradley, 
Kimbrough,  and  Matthew  Hillsman  constituting 
the  Presbytery.  During  his  missionary  work  he 
constituted  three  churches.  In  January,  1846,  he 
was  elected  pastor  of  the  church  at  Marion.  Cannon 


CUEVES 


1296 


CROWELL 


Co.,  and  continued  as  such  over  nine  years.  In 
April,  1.S40,  lie  returned  to  the  university  and  re- 
mained one  session.  During  tins  year  lie  published 
a  small  hymn-book,  the  '■  ('onipanion,"  of  which 
3.i00  were  sold.  The  second  edition  of  10,000  was 
sold  directly.  After  this  ho  enlarf;ed  the  work, 
and  called  it  "The  Baptist  Companion;"  of  it. 
tUHMl  were  published.  After  the  war  he  made  a 
new  selection,  "The  Sacred  Harp,"  which  was 
published  in  I'liiladelphia.  Several  of  the  hymns 
in  this  collection  are  his  own.  lie  lias  published 
some  other  valuable  works,  amonj;  which  is  "The 
Voice  of  Truth."  He  is  now,  aii<l  has  been  for  a 
number  of  years,  editor  and  publisher  of  The  Bap- 
list  Messeiii/er.  at  Woodbury,  Teiin..  an  able  Baptist 
paper. 

Cheves,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  bom  in  Crawford  Co., 
Ga.,  Jan.  17,  1^.51,  and  is  a  lineal  descendant  of 
the  once  celebrated  and  distinguished  Langdon 
Cheves.  Ilis  father  died  when  he  was  about  seven 
years  old.  Mui-h,  therefore,  devolved  upon  the 
mother,  who  nobly  met  all  the  denian<ls  of  a  large 
family,  and  reared  them  to  occupy  useful  positions 
in  society.  Young  Cheves  joined  the  church  when 
about  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  soon  after  was  im- 
pressed with  the  idea  of  preaching.  He  was  two 
years  at  (ieorgetown  College.  Ky..  and  two  years 
at  .Mercer  University,  Ga.,  where  he  graduated. 

When  his  school  duties  were  over  he  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cuthbert. 
Ga.,  which  he  resigned  after  a  year  of  service  to 
go  to  Europe  to  prosecute  his  studies.  He  was 
for  a  while  at  the  seminary  at  (ireeinille,  .S.  C. 
While  in  Europe  he  was  at  the  University  of 
Leipsic  nearly  two  years.  He  now  resides  at 
Nashville,  and  is  the  proprietor  and  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  liap/isl  Reflector,  which,  under  the 
present  management,  is  becoming  one  of  the  most 
popular  papers  in  the  Southwest. 

Mr.  Cheves  is  a  young  man  of  culture,  piety, 
and  deciiled  iibility. 

Cote,  Rev.  C.  H.  0.,  M.D.,  was  burn  at  Quebec, 
Canada,  in  the  year  1809,  of  French-Canadian  pa- 
rents. He  was  educated  for  tlie  medical  profession. 
In  the  Canadian  rebellion  of  1S37-3S  he  joined  the 
"  Patriots,''  after  having  previously  distinguished 
himself  as  a  leader  of  the  disaffected  party  in  the 
House  of  Assembly.  For  some  time  he  was  a  resi- 
dent at  Swanton,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  with 
a  price  set  upon  his  head.  Nominally  a  Roman 
Catholic,  he  was  secretly  an  inBdel.  He  was  con- 
verted in  Swanton,  under  a  sermon  from  the  wurds, 
"Believe  on  the  Lord  .Jesus  Christ  and  thou  shall 
be  saved."  Shortly  afterwards  he  began  to  bear 
public  testimony  to  the  gospel.  He  fixed  his  resi- 
dence at  Chazy,  where  he  opened  his  house  for 
worship,  and  endeavored  to  guide  his  French-Cana- 
dian neighbors  into  the  way  of  truth,  with  encour- 


aging results.  In  October,  1843,  Dr.  Cote  removed 
to  St.  I'ie,  one  of  the  Grande  Liirne  Mission  sta- 
tions: but  his  health  gave  way  shortly  after,  and 
he  was  compelled  to  .seek  a  warmer  climate.  lie 
spent  some  months  at  Savannah,  and  returned,  in 
the  spring  of  1844,  completely  recovered.  In  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  was  ordained  at  St.  Pie.  He  became 
the. agent  of  the  Grande  Ligne  Mi.ssion  in  the 
United  .States,  collecting  during  the  summer  and 
returning  to  preach  in  Canada  in  the  winter.  St. 
Marie  was  the  scene  of  the.se  winter  labors,  which 
were  greatly  blessed.  He  died  in  great  peace  while 
attending  the  Lamoille  Association  at  Ilinesburgh. 
in  l.'^.'iO.  Dr.  Cote's  death  was  a  very  heavy  trial 
to  till'  mission. 

Cresswell,  Samuel  J.,  D.D.,  »as  bom  in  Eng- 
land in  1802 ;  was  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  Tabernacle  church  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
a  man  of  much  mental  activity  and  power,  and 
possessed  the  deepest  interest  in  divine  truth  niid 
religious  movements.  He  united  business  pursuits 
with  the  duties  of  the  ministry,  and  did  much  to 
foster  the  beginnings  of  many  local  interests.  He 
was  a  lover  of  good  books  and  good  men  ;  and  was 
especially  identified  with  the  work  of  ministerial 
education.  He  died  Aug.  29.  1877.  He  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  frofn  Madison  University.  His 
large  and  valuable  library  is  now  in  possession  of 
the  university  at  Lewisburg  by  the  gift  of  his 
children. 

Crowell,  'Williain,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
field,  Mass.,  Sept.  22.  1>0I'..  He  received  his  liter- 
ary an<l  tbe<jlogical  education  at  Brown  and  New- 
ton. While  pursuing  his  studies  at  the  latter  he 
preached  in  several  villages  and  towns  around  Bos- 
ton, especially  at  Quincy,  where  he  gathered  a 
congregation  in  a  large  gambling-room  in  a  house 
formerly  used  as  a  tavern,  and  such  was  the  bless- 
ing attending  his  ministrations  in  this  room  that  a 
church  was  organized. 

.Soon  after  leaving  Newton,  Mr.  Crowell  accepted 
the  editorship  pf  the  Christian  Watchman.  This 
position  he  held  for  ten  years,  when  the  Waichmati 
and  the  Christian  Reflector  were  united.  During 
this  period  the  pajier  prospered,  and  its  reputation 
was  not  surpassed  by  ;iny  denominational  organ  in 
the  country. 

While  in  Boston,  in  184.5.  he  preached  twice 
every  Sunday,  and  taught  in  the  Sunday-school. 
After  leaving  Boston  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  in  AVaterville.  Me.,  and  continued  to 
serve  it  for  about  two  years,  when  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  to  take  editorial  charge  of  T/ie 
Westein  Watchman.  He  held  this  position  for  ten 
years,  making  the  paper  a  power  among  the  grow- 
ing hosts  of  Missouri  Baptists.  A  variety  of  causes 
led  him,  just  as  the  late  war  was  about  to  convulse 
the  nation,  to  retire  from  the  editorial  chair  of  The 


2 
2 

W 


•'m 


DA  VANT 


1298 


DAWSOU 


Western  Watchman,  after  which  lie  served  as  pastor 
for  a  short  period  at  Freeport,  III.,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  ministerial  and 
other  lahovs  in  New  Jtrsey.  lie  died  in  August, 
11^71.  '/'/(''  Watchman  and  HiJIiiIdi-,  oI  IJoston,  of 
August  31,  1S71,  says  of  him.  '•  His  mind  was  one 
of  uncommon  discrimination  and  clearness.  We 
mourn  the  loss  of  so  ahle  and  good  a  man,  and 
that  his  '  sun  should  have  gone  down  while  it  was 


yet  day.' "  Dr.  Crowell  was  one  of  the  most  tal- 
ented and  cultured  men  in  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion, his  piety  was  all-pervading,  and  he  shed  a 
genial  and  hlessed  light  over  the  entire  relations 
of  life.  Thdusands  niiinrned  hisdeatli  as  an  afflic- 
tion to  the  whole  IJaptist  Israel.  He  was  the  au- 
thor of  several  works,  chief  among  which  was 
"  The  Church  Member's  Manual,  "  now  used  as  » 
text-book  in  some  of  our  theological  seminaries. 


D. 


Davant,  R.  J.,  was  horn,  lived,  and  died  in 
Beaufort  District,  S.  C.  He  died  in  1872,  having 
probably  passed  his  sixtieth  year.  A  perfect  glolje 
presents  no  salient  points  to  take  hold  of.  Brother 
Davant'.s  character  was  so  regularly  developed  and 
his  life  so  smooth  as  to  present  a  difficulty  some- 
what similar.  As  a  lawyer,  he  had  no  superior  at 
a  bar  that  ranked  second  to  that  of  Charleston 
only.  He  was  for  many  years  commissioner  in 
equity,  and  all  his  business,  private  and  profes- 
sional, was  conducted  with  a  regularity  approach- 
ing mathematical  accuracy.  Yet  no  man  was  ever 
freer  from  the  stiffness  of  routine. 

But  above  all,  he  was  a  Christian.  He  w.as  long 
a  deacon  of  the  church  where  the  writer  was  pastor, 
and  we  have  never  known  one  to  whom  the  term 
pillar  more  properly  applied. 

He  was  president  of  the  Augusta  and  Port  Royal 
Railroad  Company  for  several  years,  and  the  com- 
pletion of  the  road  is  largely  due  to  him. 

Dawson,  John  Edmonds,  D.D.,  was  born  March 

7,  ISll.'i,  in  Wasliington  Co.,  (!a.  He  enjoyed  excel- 
lent educational  advantages  at  .^ladison  and  at 
Mount  Zion  Academy,  Hancock  Co.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1827,  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the 
church  at  Indian  Creek.  Into  all  matters  of  de- 
nominational interest  he  now  entered  with  great 
zeal  and  earnestness,  and  became  thoroughly  iden- 
tified with  Sherwood,  Mallary,  Campbell,  Hillyer, 
Crawford,  and  Mell. 

He  was  ordained  Jan.  14,  l.s:55.  His  first  charge 
was  the  Eatonton  church.  From  that  time  until 
the  day  of  his  death,  Nov.  IS,  ISCiO,  he  was  a  zeal- 
ous preacher  of  the  gospel,  laboring  mostly  in  the 
middle  and  western  part  of  the  State,  and  rising 
to  the  highest  rank  in  the  ministry. 

Mercer  University,  of  which  he  had  been  a  trus- 
tee for  many  years,  conferred  on  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1858. 

His   countenance  was   east    in   a  noble  mould. 


whose  classic  features  and  swelling  brow  were  in- 
dicative of  a  grand  intellect.     He  possessed  an  un- 


usual degree  of  refinement.     Frtun  his  conversion 


■  -^v'«*f  ■ 


•lOlIN    EDMONIIS    IIAUSON,   D.I). 

he  was  an  ardent  friend  of  the  State  Baptist  Con- 
vention, the  grand  promoter  of  missions,  education, 
temperance,  and  Sunday-schools  among  the  Bap- 
tists of  Georgia.  Extensive  reading,  much  inter- 
course with  able  and  well-stored  minds,  together 
with  an  excellent  memory  and  great  mental  vigor, 
enabled  his  bright  and  rapid  intellect  to  grasp 
much  that  was.  advantageous  to  him.  In  any 
circle  where  he  moved  he  was  the  leading  spirit. 

While  discoursing  eloquently  once  at  Milledge- 
ville  upon  the  shortness  of  time  and  the  necessity 


DEirz 


1299 


DOVBLKDAY 


of  instantly  aoceptinj;  Jesus,  expressly  in  view  of 
the  uncertainty  of  life,  lie  accidentally  struck  one 
of  the  )iul|iit  laiii|)s,  hurliii;;;  it  to  the  floor,  where 
it  lay  broken  into  a  thousand  fragments.  ".See," 
said  he,  "that  splendid  lamp,  which  but  a  moment 
af;o  stood  at  my  right  hand  the  perfection  of  beauty 
and  utility  !  Now  it  is  but  a  heap  of  broken  glass, 
— a.  ruin!  So  frail  is  ;/'j»rlife!  By  what  an  at- 
tenuated thread  is  it  suspended  !  How  small  a 
thing  may  snap  the  brittle  cord!  Let  this  acci- 
dent impress  upon  your  minds  the  solemn  truths  I 
have  been  urging  upon  your  attention,  and  warn 
you  to  flee  lunp  to  the  only  safe  refuge." 

He  not  unfre(|uently  ro>e  to  absolute  sublimity, 
completely  enthralling  and  overpowering  his  hear- 
ers. In  all  the  true  attributes  of  oratory  and  elo- 
quence he  probably  never  had  an  e<|ual  in  Georgia, 
certainly  not  a  superior. 

Dr.  Dawson  was  distinguished  as  an  educator 
and  as  an  able  writer.  His  remains  were  curried 
to  his  native  State,  and  buried  at  Columbus,  Ga.. 
amid  the  lamentations  of  thousands. 

Dr.  John  L.  Dagg,  long  president  of  Mercer 
University,  says,  "  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Dawson  was 
one  of  the  ablest  it  has  been  my  privilege  to  hear." 

Deitz,  Rev.  Charles  M.,  Ridley  Park.  Pa.,  was 
burn,  Oct.  7,  IS'JO,  in  Philadelphia;  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Fourth  Baptist  church,  Phila- 
delphia, March  S,  1846;  licensed  1854;  ordained 
in  March,  1858;  graduated  from  the  Central  High 
School,  Philadelphia,  in  1845,  from  Lewisburg  Uni- 
versity in  1854,  and  from  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  in  1856;  has  been  a  successful  pastor  in 
New  Jersey,  and  for  a  time  financial  agent  of  the 
South  Jersey  Institute.  He  has  also  been  pastor 
of  the  Coatesville,  Holmesburg,  and  Ridley  Park 
churches  in  Pennsylvania  ;  lias  been  moderator  of 
Central  Union  Association  and  of  Phihidel|ihia 
Baptist  Ministers'  (Conference.  He  is  a  curator  of 
the  university  at  Lewisburg. 

Denovan,  Rev.  Joshua,  was  born  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  in  182'J,  and  was  "born  again"  in  the 
summer  of  1851.  His  education  was  obtained  in 
the  parish  scIiodIs  and  in  the  University  of  Glasgow. 
He  was  formally  ordained  to  the  ]iastorate  of  a 
Presbyterian  church,  and  during  a  ministry  of 
about  eight  years  was  much  blessed.  In  the  fall 
of  1864,  when  the  membership  of  the  church  num- 
bered nearly  800,  he  renounced  Pedobaptism  and 
was  immersed  on  a  profession  of  his  faith.  This 
act  resulted  in  the  severance  both  of  natural  and 
ecclesiastical  ties.  His  health,  unilerniineil  by 
years  of  excessive  work,  and  months  of  mental 
anxiety,  now  utterly  broke  down.  Advised  to  seek 
a  change  of  climate,  he  arrived  in  Canada  in  the 
autumn  of  1866,  and  retired  to  the  quiet  and  beau- 
tiful hill  country  of  Missisquoi.  Quebec.  Nine 
months  of  absolute  rest  eflected  a  great  improve- 


ment in  his  physical  condition,  and  he  gradually 
found  his  way  back  into  the  active  ministry.  lie 
sjient  nearly  two  years  in  preaching  in  several  needy 
country  places, — St.  Arniand.  Smith's  Falls,  Carle- 


RF.V.  josniA    nENOV.lS. 

ton  Place,  and  Almonte.  He  was  settled  as  pastor 
(1869-71)  in  the  town  of  Stratford.  Ontario,  and 
(1871-77)  in  Montreal.  In  1^77  he  was  engaged 
in  a  special  effort  for  the  evangelization  of  Frencli 
Canadian  Roman  Catholics,  and  in  March,  1878,  he 
entered  u]ion  his  present  pastorate, — Alexander 
Street,  Toronto.  He  was  secretary  for  five  years 
of  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  Convention  East,  and 
has  been  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Convention  of  Ontario  since  1878.  A  devoieil  ser- 
vant of  Christ,  a  great  preacher,  and  a  fearless 
advocate  of  truth,  Mr.  Denovan  commands  the  high 
esteem  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  I'anada. 

Donbleday,  Hon.  XJ.  F.,  was  born  in  Lebanon, 
N.  Y..  Dec.  15,  1792,  and  died  in  Bclvidere,  III., 
Nov.  14,  1866.  He  added  to  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  an  extensive  knowledge  of  the  higher 
mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences.  In  early 
life  he  settled  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  where  for  about 
thirty  years  he  edited  and  published  the  Cayuyii 
Patriot.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1831,  and 
re-elected  in  1833,  both  of  which  terms  he  served 
with  marked  ability.  When  the  civil  war  broke 
out  he.  took  strong  ground  for  the  Union.  His 
sons,  Maj.-Gen.  Abner  Doubleday,  Col.  Thomas  D. 
Donbleday,  and  Brig. -Gen.  U.  Doubleday,  by  their 
devotion  and  success  in  arms,  showed  the  power 
of  the  father's  teaching  in  respect  to  the  principles 


DRYDEN 


1300 


EDWARDS 


of  patriotism.  He  was  baptized  into  tlip  fellowship 
of  the  IJaptist  church  of  Scipio,  N.  Y.,  by  Hev.  II.-I. 
Eddy,  D.D.,  in  1S41.  lie  removed  to  New  York 
City,  and  was  elected  a  deacon  of  the  Sixteenth 
Baptist  church.  He  also  served  as  deacon  of  the 
church  at  Blooininjjton,  111.  The  writer  has  a 
manuscript  of  a  work  written  by  him  on  "The 
Harmony  of  Science  with  the  Bible  Account  of  the 
Six  Days  of  Creation.''  It  is  worthy  of  publication, 
and  may  yet  be  given  to  the  world. 

Dryden,  John,  M.P.,  was  born  in  1840,  near 
Brookliii.  jirovince  of  Ontario.  Converted  in  1858, 
he  united  with  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  body,  to 
which  other  members  of  his  family  were  attached. 
In  18(i|   he  was  led  to  .see  the  believer's  duty  re- 


i;arding  baptism,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  of  the  townshi))  of  Wliitby,  of  which  he  is 
now  the  leadinj;  supporter.  Mr.  Dryden  received 
a  liberal  education,  an<l  lia.s  attained  a  hii^h  stand- 
ing for  culture  and  intelligence.  In  March.  1879, 
he  was  unanimously  cho.sen  by  the  Reform  con- 
vention of  Siiutli  Ontario  as  their  candidate  for  the 
representation  of  the  constituency  in  the  Provincial 
Parliament,  and  was  duly  elected  in  the  following 
June.  As  a  citizen,  a  legislator,  and  a  follower  of 
Christ,  he  is  abundant  in  labors  for  the  public 
good.  Mr.  Dryden  serves  the  denomination  as  a 
director  of  the  Ontario  Baptist  .Missionary  Conven- 
tion, and  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Toronto  Theological  Seminarv. 


E. 


Eaton,  Prof.  James  R.,  Ph.D.,  son  of  Geo.  W. 
Eaton,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  11,  1834.  On  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ 
he  was  baptized  into  the  membership  of  the  church 
at  Hamilton,  June  14,  1846;  graduated  from  Mad- 
ison University  in  18.'J6,  and  from  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1858.  In  1859  he  became 
Adjunct  Profe.s.sor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Sci- 
ence in  Union  University,  JIurfreesborough,  Tenn. 
From  1859  to  the  spring  of  1861  he  was  Professor 
of  Ancient  Languages  in  Bethel  College,  Russell- 
ville,  Ky. ;  during  the  war  he  held  a  secular  posi- 
tion in  New  York.  From  1806  to  1869,  Prof  Eaton 
occupied  the  chair  of  Natural  Science  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Louisville,  Ky.  In  the  spring  of  1869 
he  became  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  William 
Jewell  College,  Liberty,  Mo.,  which  position  lie 
still  occupies.  In  1876  Madison  University  con- 
ferred an  him  the  degree  of  l>octor  of  Philosophy. 
He  has  an  abiding  impression  that  he  was  called  \ 
to  teach,  and  has  consecrated  himself  to  the  same  { 
work  in  which  his  distinguished  father  spent  his 
life, — the  education  of  the  Baptist  ministry.  His  ! 
motto  in  the  class-room,  "  What  is  worth  doing  at 
all  is  worth  doing  well."  is  the  principle  that 
governs  his  own  life. 

Eaton,  Leonard  Hobart,  was  born  in  Groton,  I 
Grafton  Co.,  N.  H.,  April  20,  1>S17.  At  the  age  of 
eleven  he  removed  to  Newton,  Mass.,  and  at  six- 
teen to  Lowell,  where  he  enjoyed  the  advantages 
of  its  excellent  public  schools.  In  1837  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  teacher  in  the  North  Grammar-School. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  baptized  by  the  Kev. 
Lemuel  Porter,  and  united  with  the  Worth  en  Street 


church.  He  removed  to  Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  in  1839. 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church.  He  was 
one  of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Grant  Street 
Baptist  church.  In  1843  he  was  elected  principal 
of  the  Third  Ward  Public  School  in  Alleghany 
City,  and  filled  that  position  seventeen  years.  In 
1847  he  united  with  the  Sandusky  Street  Baptist 
church ;  and  five  years  later  was  appointed  a  dea- 
con. Both  these  relations  have  been  sustained  to 
the  present  time.  He  served  as  superintendent  of 
the  Sunda3'-school  of  this  church  for  a  period  of 
thirty  years,  extending  from  1X48  to  1878.  In 
1860  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Forbes  Public 
School  of  Pittsburgh,  the  largest  in  that  city.  This 
position  he  still  holds. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  school  control- 
lers in  Alleghany  City  eight  years;  president  of 
the  Baptist  Social  Union  of  Pittsliurgh,  Alleghany, 
and  vicinity  five  years  ;  ami  president  of  the  Sun- 
day-School Convention  connected  with  the  Pitts- 
burgh Baptist  Association  thirteen  years.  He  is 
now  (1881)  a  director  of  the  Baptist  Summer  Re- 
sort at  Point  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.  :  president  of  the 
Young  Men's  Bible  Society  of  Pittsburgh;  and 
president  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Humane 
Society. 

Edwards,  Col.  B.  W.,  was  bom  in  Spartanburg 
Co.,  S.  C,  Jan.  24,  IS24.  His  parents  removed 
to  Georgia  in  his  childhood.  His  health,  for  many 
years,  was  so  poor  that  little  hope  of  his  living  to 
uumhood  was  entertained.  But  his  constitution 
having  improved,  he  entered  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1847,  and  graduated  in  1850.  Having 
returned  to  Georgia,  he  taught  school  and  studied 


EDWARDS 


1301 


EMERY 


law  for  one  year.  lie  was  then  admitteil  to  the 
bar  in  1851,  and  soon  after  went  to  the  sauieschool 
at  Harvard,  Mass.,  where  he  i^raduated  in  USo3. 

He  now  returned  to  his  native  State,  locatinjj; 
first  at  Sumter  and  afterwards  in  Darlington  County, 
where  he  now  resides.  He  was  commissioner  in 
equity  for  five  years,  beginning  in  ISOl.  In  the 
same  year  he  entered  the  Confederate  service,  but 
was  soon  after  discharged  on  account  of  ill  healtli. 

He  has  long  been  a  deacon  of  the  Darlington 
Baptist  church  and  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school,  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Furnian  University  for  fifteen  years,  and  for  the 
past  two  years  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Con- 
vention. He  is  very  prompt  and  etlicient  as  a  pre- 
siding officer.  In  quiet,  unobtrusive  usefulness  he 
has  no  superior  in  the  State. 

Edwards,  Gen.  0.  E.,  a  native  of  Spartanburg 
District,  S.  ('.,  was  )) mi  Xov.  1'.1,  ISl'.).  He  took 
an  academic  course  at  (llenn  Spring,  finishing  it  in 
1843.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1S45,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Spartanburg 
Court-House.  He  was  repeatedly  sent  to  the 
Legislature  from  his  native  district,  and  was  a 
member  when  the  war  began.  He  was  elected  a 
brigadier-general  of  militia  in  18'')4.  At  the  bi>- 
ginning  of  the  war  he  raised  a  regiment  and  en- 
tered the  Confederate  army  in  command  of  the 
13th  S.  C.  Volunteers.  He  was  mortally  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  while  in  command 
of  McGowan's  brigade,  and  died  a  few  days  after 
at  Goldsborough,  N.  C,  on  his  way  home.  He  was 
buried  at  Spartanburg.  He  had  long  been  a  deacon 
of  the  Spartanburg  Baptist  church  and  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbath-school. 

In  battle  he  was  brave  almost  to  a  fault,  as  tlie 
writer  knows  personally,  and  his  death  was  prob- 
ably due  to  his  entire  forgetfulness  of  his  own 
safety.  He  left  a  gap  in  the  church  and  the  com- 
munity that  is  scarcely  filled  even  to  the  present 
day. 

Edwards,  Rev,  Solomon,  was  born  in  Barn- 
well Co..  S.  C.  He  was  born  in  slavery,  the  prop- 
erty of  Rev.  Klliott  Estess.  From  his  boyhood 
he  was  honest  and  diligent.  In  early  life  he  was 
a  foreman  on  the  plantation.  His  education  is 
limited,  the  writer  having  taught  him  most  of  what 
he  knows.  But  nature,  or  rather  nature's  God, 
has  endowed  him  with  unusual  common  sense.  He 
has  been  preaching  for  many  years,  and  we  earn- 
estly hope  may  long  continue  to  preach,  as  no 
man  within  our  knowledge  could  fill  his  place. 
His  people  receive  his  words  almost  as  those  of  an 
oracle,  and  it  is  well  that  they  are  words  of  wis- 
dom and  truth. 

He  is  of  pure  African  e.xtraction,  nearly  six  feet 
high,  and  strongly  built.  Ilis  countenance  is  very 
pleasing,  and  at  a  glance  shows  his  superiority  to 


most  of  his  race.  Whatever  improvement  is  to  be 
made  in  the  colored  race  must  be  made  chiefly 
through  such  ukmi  as  Brother  Edwards. 

Elford,  Charles  James,  was  burn  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  .May  11,  1820.  Left  an  orphan  in  early 
years,  he  went  to  Greenville,  S.  C,  when  a  mere 
boy.  While  emplo^'ed  as  clerk  in  a  store  he  used 
every  spare  moment  for  study,  and,  with  the  bless- 
ing of  God  on  his  earnest,  patient,  and  well-di- 
rected efforts  at  self-improvement,  he  rose  from  one 
position  to  another  till  he  attained  to  eminent  dis- 
tinction at  the  bar.  An  ardent  Christian  and 
leader  in  every  good  work,  he  devoted  himself  es- 
pecially to  the  interests  of  the  Sunday-school.  In 
this  sphere  his  influence  on  the  young  and  on 
Sunday-school  workers  throughout  the  State  was 
productive  of  results  for  good  far  beyond  that  of 
many  ministers  of  the  gospel.  Kiml  Words,  a 
Sunday-school  paper,  issued  first  at  Greenville, 
S.  C,  now  at  .Macon,  Ga.,  owed  its  origin  to  him. 
With  his  dying  breath  leaving  to  the  .Sunday-school 
over  which  he  had  long  presided  the  message, 
"  Tell  them  to  come  to  heaven  ;  that's  all,"  he  closed 
his  earthly  service  in  Greenville,  May  25.  1867, 
honored  as  a  public  benefactor  by  the  whole  com- 
munity, 

Emery,  George  Freeman,  was  liorn  at  Paris, 
Oxford  Co.,  Me..  Xov.  lU.  1S17.  He  fitted  for  col- 
lege under  private  tutors,  and  at  the  Farmington 
Academy,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, in  the  class  of  1836.  On  graduating  he  stu- 
died law  with  his  father,  -Judge  Stephen  Emery, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  Xov,  10.  1838,  and 
formed  a  law  partnership  with  his  father,  which 
continued  about  ten  years.  In  1846  he  removed 
to  Portland.  While  residing  in  Paris  he  was  for 
si.K  years  register  of  probate  for  Oxford  County. 
After  his  removal  to  Portland  he  was  appointed, 
in  1848,  clerk  of  the  I'.  S.  Circuit  by  Judge 
Woodbury,  and  continued  under  three  of  his  suc- 
cessors. He  resigned  his  office  on  removal  to 
Boston  in  1877,  where  he  became  connected  with 
the  litisiiiii  Post,  a  leading  daily  paper,  of  which 
he  w.is  <diosen  editor-in-chief  in  1880.  and  now 
1 1881)  holds  this  position.  Mr.  Emery  was  bap- 
tized, with  his  wife.  Sept.  23,  18.55.  by  Rev.  G, 
W.  Bosworth,  D.I).,  and  united  with  the  Free 
Street  Baptist  church  in  Portland.  Me.  In  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  prosperity  of  that  church 
he  took  adeoii  interest.  He  was  for  a  consiiierable 
time  the  superintendent  of  its  Sabbath-.school. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  getting  up  an  organiza- 
tion to  provide  for  poor  and  devoted  ministers, 
also  the  corporation  to  manage  the  "  Greenough 
Fund''  for  building  churches  in  Maine.  For  a  time 
he  was  a  trustee  of  Colby  University,  and  was  a 
prominent  layman  among  the  Baptists  of  his  native 
State.     Mrs.  Emery  was  the  daughter  of  John  W. 


EMERY 


1302 


FELLER 


Appleton,  Esq.,  a  Ipadinji  Baptist  of  Maine,  anil 
sister  of  Hon.  .John  Applotoii.  M.C.,  and  minister 
pli'nipotentiary  to  Russia  under  President  Hu- 
clianan.  The  first  wife  of  Viee-I'resident  Hamlin 
was  a  sister  of  Mr.  Emery,  and  his  second  wife  a 
half-sister. 

Emery,  Hon.  James  S.,  was  horn  in  Industry, 
Franklin  (^o.,  Mi'.,  and  was  graduated  in  18.51  at 
Colby  University.  He  was  made  president  of  the 
Vermont  Literary  and  Scientific  In.stitution  at 
Brandon  in  that  State.  He  commenced  the  study 
of  the  law  in  New  York  City  in  1S.02,  where  he 
wa.s  admitted  to  tlie  Imr  in  Feliruary.  1S54.  He 
was  one  of  a  hundred  youni;  men  who  foun<lcd 
Lawrence,  Kansas,  in  Sr|)temher  of  the  same  year. 
This  was  the  first  settlement  from  New  England 
made  in  the  new  Territory  just  entered  under  the 


Kansas-Nebraska  bill.  He  took  grounds  fitf  a  free 
State,  and  was  one  of  a  committee  sent  to  the 
free  States  in  behalf  of  free  Kansas.  He  was  a 
member  from  Lawrence  of  two  of  the  constitu- 
tional conventions  which  Kansas  had  before  she 
was  received  into  the  Union.  lie  was  twice  chosen 
to  a  seat  in  the  Legislature,  and  in  1S()4  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mr.  Lincoln  U.  S.  district  attorney  for 
his  State,  which  post  he  held  about  three  years. 
He  was  one  of  the  seven  constituent  members  of 
the  first  Baptist  church  formed  in  the  Territory, 
in  January,  18.i5,  at  Lawrence.  It  was  through 
his  efforts  mainly  that  the  State  University  of 
Kansas  was  located  at  the  city  of  his  residence. 
Beinp;  a  friend  of  learninj;,  he  is  often  called  be- 
fore the  public  in  literary,  historical,  and  religious 
addresses.     He  is  a  man  of  talent  and  piety. 


F. 


French,  George  B..     For  article,  see  page  417. 


GFIIROK    li.    KRENCU. 

Feller,  Madame  Henrietta,  was  horn  April  2, 

1800.  at  Monta;.'ny.  a  \illa;;«  in  the  Canton  de 
Vaud,  Switzerland.  In  1803  her  father,  .M.  Odin, 
removed  with  his  family  to  Lausanne,  where  Hen- 
rietta enjoyed  superior  educational  advantages.    In 


1822  she  married  M.  Louis  Feller,  of  Lausanne, 

I  '  ' 

one  of  its  most  respected  citizens.     Within  five 

j  years  she  was  left  a  widow.     Her  only  child,  a 

[  daughter,  had  died  a  short  time  before.  Previous 
to  these  sad  bereavements  she  had  become  a  de- 
cided and  active  Christian,  and  after  her  husband's 
death  she  consecrated  her.self  still   more  fully  to 

j  the  service  of  Christ.  In  1835,  M.idame  Feller  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  .a  dear  friend,  the  wife  of  a 

i  !>wiss  missionary  in  Can.ada,  describing  the  spirit- 
ual destituticpn  of  the  Fiench  Canadians,  and  ex- 
hortini;    her  to  give  herself  to  missionary  work. 

I  This  she  regarded  as  a  call  from  God,  and  on  the 
17th  of  August,  in  the  same  year,  she  left  Lau- 
sanne for  the  scene  of  her  future  toils.     She  was 

I  accompanied  by  Louis  Koussy,  a  member  of  the 
church  in  Lausanne,  and  of  the  Mission  Institute 
in  the  same  city.  They  reached  Montreal  on  the 
31st  of  October,  and    shortly  after  settled   in  the 

i  village  of  St.  Johns.  Madame  Feller  spent  lier 
first  year  in  Canada  in  earnest  efforts  for  the  en- 
lightenment and  salvation  of  the  French  Catholics 
by  domestic  visitation,  by  the  instruction  of  chil- 

1  dren,  and  by  the  distril)ution  of  the  Scriptures.    In 

I  September,  1836,  she  removed  to  La  Grand  Ligne, 
encouraged  by  the  success  which  h.id  attended  Mr. 
Koussy's  ministrations  in  that  place.  She  com- 
menced  her  work   in    the   garret  of  a  small  log 

j  house,  where  she  taught  a  school  of  children  by 
ihiy  and  a  class  of  adults  by  night.  In  this  garret 
also  she  resided,  subjecting  herself  to  great  priva- 
tion. She  visited  the  poor  and  the  sick,  carr3ing 
the  Word  of    life   into  many  a  home,  when  the 


FILLMORR 


1303 


GRANDE 


preacher,  Mr.  Houssy,  woiilil  have  been  repelleil. 
Thus  was  laid  the  toundatioii  of  tlie  mission  of 
which,  for  thirty-two  years,  Madame  Feller  was 
the  leading  spirit,  and  which,  lonj;  before  she 
died,  had  become  one  of  the  most  useful  institu- 
tions in  Canada.  She  died  at  the  Grand  Lij;ne 
.Mission-House  on  the  29tli  of  March,  1X68.  It 
lias  been  well  said  tiiat  "  Henrietta  Feller  was 
raised  up  for  a  great  work.  She  has  left  her  mark, 
by  God's  j;race,  on  Lower  Canada." 

Fillmore,  Mrs.  Millard,  widow  of  ex-President 
Fillmore,  was  liorn  at  .Morristown.  N.  .7.,  Oct.  27, 
1S1.3.  Her  maiden  name  was  ("arolineCarmichael, 
y  ounsestdau^rliter  of  Charles  Carmichael  and  Tempe 
Wickhani  Bhichly.  She  w:is  baptized  by  the  late 
Rev.  Geo.  B.  Ide.  D.l).,  and  was,  with  her  first  hus- 


band, the  late  Ezekiel  C.  Mcintosh,  Esq.,  of  Al- 
bany, a  member  of  the  venerable  Dr.  Welch's 
church.  She  was  married  to  Mr.  Fillmore  by  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Hasue,  D.D.  She  was  a  woman  of 
great  refinement  and  culture,  and  had  a  richly- 
stored  mind  resulting  from  extensive  reading. 
Her  mansion  was  exquisitely  furnished,  being 
adorned  with  a  very  large  collection  of  expensive 
paintings.  She  was  constant  in  her  attendance  at 
her  chosen  church,  the  Washington  Street  Baptist, 
of  Buffalo,  of  which  slie  was  a  faithful  member. 
She  was  a  liberal  giver  to  denominational  mission- 
ary societies  and  to  every  good  cause.  She  loved 
to  read  the  sermons  of  Spurgeon,  and  enjoyed  direct 
Christian  conversation.  She  died  in  Buffalo,  Aug, 
11,  1881, 


II  » I  im  I  <  II 


G. 


Oates, .Rev.  Granville,  was  born  in  Maine,  [ 
Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  17,  1829.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church, 
having  been  converted  in  childhond,  through  the 
instrumentality  of  a  mother  who  did  not  live  to 
know  on  earth  the  result  of  her  faithfulness.  For 
three  years  subsequent  to  18.i0  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  Broome  County.         j 

In  18.53  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  or-  ] 
<lained  at  West  Xanticoke   in  January  of  the  fol-  | 
lowing  year.     He  continued  to  labor  in  the  State 
<ir  New  York,  and  chiefly  among  the  churches  of 
the  Broome  and  Tioga  Association,  for  thirteen 
years,  spending  two  years  at  West  Nanticoke,  six 
years  at  Centre  Lisle,  four  years  at  Mott's  Corners,  j 
and  one  year  at  Ovid. 

In  the  spring  of  1867  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  Home  Mission  Society  to  labor  in  ! 
the  West.  Locating  soon  after  at  Highland,  he  | 
devoted  ten  years  to  missionary  work  in  Northeast 
Kansas,  gathering  the  churches  of  Roy's  Creek, 
Hiawatha,  Sabetha,  Valley  Falls,  and  Blue  Rapids. 
In  1878  he  became  jiastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
Kmporia,  which  had  been  in  a  languishing  condi- 
tion for  some  years.  In  June  he  resigned  the  care 
of  this  church  to  accept  an  appointment  as  gen- 
eral missionary  of  Kansas.  | 

Gee,  Rev.  W.  Sandford,  was  bom  near  Bowling 
(ireon,  Ky.,  March  I'l.  Is47.  His  parents  removed 
to  Illinois  in  1852 ;  was  brought  np  upon  a  farm  ;  ] 
taught  school  for  seven  years  ;  was  ordained  in 
Illinois ;  graduated  from  the  theological  depart- 
ment of  Shurtleff  College.  His  first  pastorate,  of 
three  years,  was  at  Mount  Vernon,    At  present  he  i 


is  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Lincoln, 
Neb,,  where  he  has  labored  for  three  years.  He 
was  elected  chaplain  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives in  the  session  of  b^8I. 

Grande  Lig^e,  Evangelical  Society  of,  was 
commenced,  at  the  close  of  1835,  by  Madame  Fel- 
ler and  Rev,  Louis  Roussy.  who  had  recently  left 
Switzerland  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the  gospel 
to  the  benighted  French  Canadians.  Numerous 
Romish  churches,  colleges,  convents,  hospitals, 
and  asylums,  with  their  immense  wealth,  were 
both  the  signs  and  instruments  of  undisputed  pajial 
sway  over  Lower  Canada,  It  seemed  to  be  abso- 
lutely inaccessible  to  the  gospel,  and.  previous  to  the 
.arrival  of  Madame  Feller  and  Mr.  Roussy,  no  sus- 
tained effort  had  been  made  to  enlighten  it.  There 
are  now  several  societies  en>;aged  in  the  work  of 
French  Canadian  evangelization,  but  the  Baptist 
mission  was  the  pioneer.  Very  little  was  done  for 
a  year  or  two ;  Mit  after  the  opening  had  been 
made  many  friends  of  other  denominations  helped 
the  infant  cause.  In  1840  an  institute  was  begun  at 
La  Grande  Ligne,  with  the  primary  view  of  train- 
ing future  laborers, — evangelists,  teachers,  and  pas- 
tors. At  the  same  time  it  furnished  the  best  means 
of  educating  the  grown-up  children  of  isolated  Prot- 
estant converts  living  in  the  midst  of  Roman  Cath- 
olic communities. 

In  1851  a  school  for  girls  was  opened  at  St.  Pie; 
but  in  18,55  the  mission  premises  were  burned,  and 
the  Feller  Institute,  !vs  it  was  called,  was  removal 
to  Longueil,  This  has  since  been  removed  to 
Grande  Ligne,  where  all  the  educational  work  of 
the  mission  is  now  conducted.     The  new  Feller 


GRA VES 


1304 


GUNN 


Institute  building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  §8000, 
and  was  opened  July  1,  ISSO,  free  from  debt. 

"  It  is  estimated,"  says  tlie  Rev.  A.  TliiTiien. 
'■  that  over  4000  French  Canadians  have  been  led 
til  embrace  the  gospel  through  the  direct  instru- 
mentality of  this  mission,  15  churches  have  been 
organized,  2000  young  people  educated,  and  22 
voung  men  prepared  for  the  ministry,  or  for  evan- 
gelists and  colporteurs."  Several  French  p.istors 
and  missionaries  now  laboring  among  their  fellow- 
countrymen  in  the  United  States  were  converted 
and  trained  at  La  Grande  Ligne.  Of  these  are 
Kevs.  L.  Auger,  of  Stryker,  O. ;  11.  B.  Desrocbcs, 
of  Detroit,  Mich.  :  F.  X.  Smith,  of  Fall  Kiver, 
.Mass. ;  J.  N.  Williams  and  F,.  Lager,  who  labored 
among  the  scattered  French  Canadians  in  New 
Kngland ;  and  A.  Chatrand,  of  Elivon,  Kansas. 
Most  of  the  French  churches  in  the  United  States 
also  owe  their  existence,  indirectly  at  least,  to  the 
(Jrande  Ligne  Mission.  There  are  seven  churches 
directly  connected  with  the  mission. 

Graves,  Rev.  Henry  L.,  was  born  in  Yancey- 
ville,  X.  C  Feb.  22,  l.slO;  graduated  from  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  and  Hamilton  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  X.  Y. ;  ordained  in  November, 
KH37  :  was  the  first  president  of  Baylor  University. 
Texas,  from  1846-1851  ;  served  acceptably  as  pastor 
of  the  Independence  church  ;  during  the  war  was 
president  of  the  Fenmle  College,  Fairfield,  Texas, 
.ind  from  1874-75  was  president  of  Baylor  Female 
I'lillege.  lie  was  the  first  president  of  the  Texas 
Baptist  State  Convention,  and  ably  filled  the  same 
oflice  for  sixteen  years.  Morell's  '"  Flowers  and 
Fruits,  or  Thirty-Six  Years  in  Texas,"  says  of  him  : 
"  His  qualifications  entitle  him  to  the  position,  in 
the  estimation  of  his  brethren,  of  a  refined  and 
educated  Christian  gentleman."  He  has  been 
moderator  of  Union  As.sociation.  and  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Baptist  Education  Society  of  Texas, 
and  has  seen  much  service,  and  has  always  been 
regarded  as  a  wise  counselor  in  Baptist  assem- 
blies. 

Grier,  Prof.  William  Thompson,  A.M.,  was 
born  near  Salem,  X'.  J.,  May  11,  1850.  Having 
lieen  fitted  for  college  at  an  academy  in  his  native 
town,  he  entered  the  Freshman  class  of  the  uni- 
versity at  Lcwisburg  in  September,  1807.  In  1871 
he  w^as  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class,  and  was  immediately  elected  Profes.sor  of 
Ancient  Languages  in  Monongaliela  College,  Pa. 
He  remained  there  four  years,  during  a  part  fif  the 
time  acting  as  president  of  the  college.  In  this 
position  he  was  very  successful,  and  his  work  was 
highly  appreciated.  The  presidency  of  the  college 
was  ofiTered  to  him,  but  he  declined  to  accept  it. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Latin  Lan- 
guage and  Literature  in  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  and  his  success  has  more  than  justified  his 


choice.  lie  is  deservedly  popular  both  in  the  univer- 
sity and  outside  of  it.  The  standard  of  scholarship 
in  his  department  is  high.     I'rof.  (irier  promises  to 

I  become  one  of  the  scholars  of  the  denomination. 
He  is  a  thorough  teacher,  is  an  excellent  speaker, 

I  and  everywhere  well  represents  the  university. 

I  GrofF,  Prof.  George  G.,  M.D.,  was  bom  in 
I  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  in  April.  1S51.  He  received  his 
I  early  education  in  Phix'nixville  and  Norristown 
and  in  the  State  Xoriiial  School  at  West  Chester, 
lie  subsequently  entered  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, and  afterwards  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  Brooklyn.  X'.  Y., 
in  1877.  Heat  once  beramc  the  teacher  of  Xatural 
Sciences  in  the  .State  Xornial  School  at  West  Ches- 
ter, which  position  he  held  until  l.S7'J,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  uni- 
versity at  Lewisburg.  This  position  he  fills  with 
marked  ability,  and  with  much  acceptance  to  all 
who  know  his  daily  life. 

Grow,  Rev.  T.  D.,  was  Ijorn  at  Hartland,  Vt., 
Jan.  24,  1824.  His  grandfather  was  a  pioneer 
Baptist  minister  in  Vermont.  His  brother.  Rev. 
James  Grow,  of  Connecticut,  was  one  of  the  first 
to  assist  in  the  foreign  work,  sending  Dr.  Juds(m 
S.jO,  out  of  ji200  salary,  before  the  mission  was 
thoroughly  organized.  His  cousin  was  a  mission- 
ary to  Siam,  iind  died  there.  His  widow  is  now 
the  wife  of  Dr.  Dean.  lie  was  educated  at  New 
Hampton,  N.  II..  and  ordained  May  1,  18.50.  in 
Kane  Co..  111.  .Most  of  his  ministerial  work  has 
been  in  AV^isconsin.  Missouri,  and  Kansas.  Quite 
a  number  of  churches  have  been  formed  under  his 
labors. 

Gunn,  Rev.  David  Brainard,  was  bom  in  Mon- 
tague. Mass..  .May  S.  IS2o  :  had  very  early  impres- 
sions respecting  his  need  of  Christ  as  his  .Saviour  ; 
also  that  he  should  become  a  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel. When  about  ten  years  of  age  he  was  convicted 
of  sin,  but  he  did  not  at  that  time  indulge  a  hope 
in  Jesus.  In  January,  1838,  he  was  specially 
moved  by  the  Holy  .Spirit  and  led  into  light,  and 
he  enlisted  as  Christ's  soldier.  Upon  the  follow- 
ing 'J'hanksgiving-day  he  was  baptized  with  three 
brothers  and  a  sister.  In  18.54.  being  greatly 
strengthened  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  he  began  in  earn- 
est the  work  of  soul-winning.  He  was  licensed 
by  the  Shelburne  Falls.  Mass.,  Baptist  church,  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  Wishing  to  devote  him- 
self wholly  to  the  ministry,  he  sold  out  his  business 
and  home,  and  removing  to  the  West,  settled  in 
Warsaw,  111.,  organized  a  church,  and  was  ordained 
as  its  pastor  in  August.  1857.  There  he  toiled 
nearly  four  years,  and  added  to  it  about  1.50  mem- 
bers. Afterwards  he  held  brief  pastorates  in  Car- 
thage, 111.,  and  Hannibal,  Mo.  Early  in  1865  he 
settled  in  .Sandwich,  111.,  where  in  the  fourth  year 
of  a  very  pleasant  pastorate  his  health  completely 


JAMES 


1307 


LEHMAN 


James,  Rev.  John  Sexton,  son  of  Prof.  C.  S. 
.);iuje.s,   was  born   in    Philadelphia,   Pa.,  -July  20, 
18-lS.     lie  was  baptized  in   February,  1864.     He  i 
was  ccraduated  with  lionor  from  the  university  at  j 
Lewisbur;;  in   1868,  and  from  Crozer  Theological  j 
Seminary  in  1871.    He  then  .spent  a  year  in  prose-  [ 
cntinn  his  .studies  at  the  Universities  of  Erlangen  j 
and  Leipsic,  Germany.    On  his  return,  he  accepted  > 
a  call  to  AUentown,  Pa.,  and  was  ordained  in  Oc-  | 
tober,  1872.   He  still  serves  this  important  church.  '• 
Mr.  James  edited  a  revision  of  Kurtz's  "Church  ' 
History,"  with  additions  from  the  seventh  German  ! 
edition.     The  work  is  largely  used  as  a  te.\t-book 
in  American  theological  seminaries.    He  was  pres- 
ident  of    the    Pennsylvania    Baptist    Ministerial 
Union  in  1879,  and  of  the  Alumni  Association  of 
the   University  at  Lewisburg  in   1880.     He  was 
moderator  of  the  Reading  Association  in  1879  and 
l.SSO.    Mr.  James  is  a  successful  pastor  and  a  clear 
and  impressive  preacher. 

Jones,  Prof.  J.  E.,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  Lynch- 
burg, Va. ;  baptized  in  the  spring  of  1868,  and  en- 


tered the  Richmond  Institute,  Richmond,  Va.,  in 
October  of  the  same  year  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
paring for  the  gospel  ministry.  Having  completed 
the  course  there  in  1871,  and  having  finished  his 
preparatory  training  in  the  grammar-school  of 
Madison  University,  N.  Y.,  he  entered  Madison 
University  in  1872,  and,  after  a  successful  course 
of  study,  was  graduated  in  1876.  In  the  same 
year  the  American  Baptist  Hume  Mission  Society 
appointed  him  an  instructor  in  the  Richmond  In- 
stitute, and  intrusted  him  with  the  branches  of 
language  and  philosophy.  In  1877  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  ministry.  In  1879  his  atma  mater 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Prof.  .Jones  is  an  efficient  teacher,  a  popular  and 
instructive  preacher,  and  a  forcible  writer.  In  1878 
he  held  a  newspaper  controversy  with  the  Roman 
Catholic  Bishop  Keane,  of  Richmond,  in  which  the 
bishop,  in  the  estimation  of  many  most  competent 
to  judge,  was  worsted.  Prof.  -Jones  is  regarded  as 
one  of  the  most  promising  of  the  young  colored 
men  of  the  South. 


L. 


Lehman,  Rev.  G.  W.,  the  aged  and  highly  re- 
vered pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Berlin,  Ger- 
many, and  one  of  the  most  prominent  Baptist 
ministers  in  that  land,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Hamburg,  Oct.  23,  1799.  In  his  youth  he  was 
an  engraver  in  Berlin,  being  at  the  same  time 
actively  engaged  in  religious  labor  and  in  circu- 
lating the  Bible,  which  he  had  early  learned  to 
love  and  cherish.  In  1830  he  first  met  with  Mr. 
Oncken  and  felt  himself  specially  drawn  to  him. 
After  Mr.  Oncken's  baptism  Mr.  Lehman  was  led 
prayerfully  to  consider  this  question,  but  it  was 
not  until  the  year  1S37  that  he  liocame  fully  settled 
in  his  convictions  concerning  believer's  baptism. 
He  was  baptized  near  Berlin  \>y  Mr.  Oncken,  with 
six  others.  May  13,  1837,  and  on  the  following  day 
the  little  flock  of  baptized  believers  was  organized 
as  the  Baptist  church  of  Berlin.  Mr.  Lehman  was 
soon  appointed  by  the  church  as  their  pastor,  and 
faithfully  preached  to  the  people  while  still  pursu- 
ing his  daily  avocations.     He  was  forced  to  pursue 


his  work  of  love  under  great  difficulties  and  dis- 
couragements. In  1838,  Mr.  Lehman  entered  the 
service  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
devoting  one-half  of  his  time  to  this  work  as  its 
missionary.  In  1840,  Mr.  Lehman  went  to  Eng- 
land to  receive  ordination  :  he  was  ordained  June 
29,  1840,  in  Salter's  Hall  chapel.  Cannon  Street, 
London,  Rev.  J.  II.  Ilinton  oB'ering  the  ordaining 
pr.ayer.  Since  that  time  the  work  in  Berlin  has 
been  prospering  under  his  faithful  labors,  and  it 
has  extended  into  the  surrounding  regions  far  and 
wide. 

Mr.  Lehman  is  gifted  with  peculiar  talents;  he 
occupies  a  *ery  influential  position  among  the 
Baptists  in  Germany.  The  cause  in  that  country 
is  indebted  to  him  to  a  degree  which  it  will  not 
be  easy  to  overestimate.  Although  partially  dis- 
abled by  the  weakness  of  age,  Mr.  Lehman  still 
retains  the  pastorate  of  the  church  to  which  he  has 
devoted  his  youthful  energies  and  the  strength  of 
his  manhood. 


MABIE 


1808 


MAliSH 


M. 


Mabie,  Rev.  H.  C,  was  born  in  Belviderc 
Boone  Co.,  111.,  June  20,  1847.  lie  is  a  descendant 
of  several  generations  of  Baptists.  His  jrreat-grand- 
fatlicr,  Rev.  Daniel  Mabie.  was  one  of  the  pioneer 


REV.   II.  C.   MABIE. 

ministers  of  Central  New  York.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Belvidore  in  184.5.  His  early  life  wa.s 
under  the  Christian  influence  of  a  pious  home  and  of 
the  revered  Dr.  Roe,  pastor  of  the  Belvidere  church. 

At  twelve  he  was  converted  and  baptized.  At 
sixteen,  while  in  college,  his  heart  was  greatly  re- 
freshed by  divine  grace,  and  from  this  period,  while 
still  studying,  his  labors  were  rewarded  with  con- 
versions among  students,  in  military  camps  and 
hospitals,  and  in  neighboring  churches. 

He  graduated  from  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1868,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1875.  He  was  or- 
dained in  Rockford,  111.,  in  October,  1869,  when  he 
spent  four  prosperous  years  as  the  pastor  of  the 
State  Street  church.  In  1S73  he  resigned  his  charge 
to  complete  his  theological  studies,  and  in  the  mean 
time  he  organized  the  church  at  Oak  Park,  and 
served  it  as  pastor  for  two  years.  In  1875  he  be- 
came pastor  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  and  labored  there 
for  three  and  a  half  years  with  much  success; 
during  this  pastorate  he  was  a  member  for  two 


years  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Missionary 
Union.  At  the  commencement  of  Brown  University 
in  1878  he  preached  the  annual  sermon  before  the 
Society  of  Missionary  Inquiry.  Early  in  1879  he 
accepted  a  unanimous  call  to  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Indianajiolis,  Ind..  where  the  Ijlossiiig  of 
God  lias  rested  upon  liis  labors  abundantly  :  debts 
have  been  paid,  union  binds  the  large  memtiership 
together,  liberality  distinguishes  their  gifts,  and 
conversions  are  frequent.  Mr.  Maliie  is  a  man  of 
ability  and  culture,  of  wisdom  and  grace,  and  be- 
fore him,  if  the  Lord  spares  his  life,  there  are  bril- 
liant prospects  of  usefulness,  while  around  liim 
there  are  throngs  of  loving  friends. 

Marsh,  Rev.  W.  H.  H.,  was  born  in  Chester 
Co.,  Pa.,  July  14,  18.36.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  which  he  has  continually  extended  until 
he  has  become  one  of  the  best-informed  men  in  the 
denomination.  He  was  ordained  when  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  After  supplying  the  Bethesda  and 
Caernarvon  churches  in  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Lower  Providence  church,  Mont- 
gomery Co..  and  remained  there  four  years ;  then 
settled  with  the  Blockley  church,  West  Philadel- 
i  phia,  where  he  exerci.sed  his  ministry  until,  in 
1865.  he  accepted  a  pressing  call  to  the  Second 
church  of  Wilmington,  Del.  During  his  six  years' 
pastorate  at  Wilmington  an  oppressive  debt  was 
paid,  the  church  edifice  was  greatly  improved,  an 
organ  purcha.sed,  and  a  lot  for  a  mission  secured, 
upon  which  the  Bethany  church  now  stands.  Mr. 
Marsh  removed  from  Wilmington  to  take  the  over- 
sight of  the  Central  church  of  Salem,  Mass.,  where 
he  labored  for  eight  years.  In  December,  1880,  he 
settled  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  as  pastor  of  the 
young  and  vigorous  Remsen  Avenue  church.  In 
his  pastorates  Mr.  Marsh  has  always  been  suc- 
cessful. 

He  is  a  diligent  student,  an  extensive  reader, 
and  a  large-hearted  brother.  His  intellectual 
powers  are  of  a  high  order,  and  his  sermons  are 
distinguished  by  deep  thought  and  gospel  truth. 

He  has  written  extensively  for  the  Baptist  Quar- 
iolij,  the  Riblwthaa  Sacra, a.nA  the  denominational 
papers.  The  Publication  Society  has  issued  iiis 
■'  Modern  Sunday-School."  He  has  also  the  man- 
uscript of  a  work  upon  which  he  has  been  long 
engaged,  and  which  he  expects  to  publish  soon. 

Mr.  Marsh  is  regarded  with  affection  wherever 
he  is  known,  and  his  labors  have  been  a  blessing 
to  the  churches  and  the  world. 


STA  UGIirOK 


1309 


TYLER 


s. 

Staughton,  William,  D.D.     For  article,  see  page  1007. 


«'II.I,1,\M    STAlKillTllN.    11.11. 


Tyler,  James  E.,  who  fm-  nouily  twenty  years 
has  been  actively  identified  with  Baptist  interests 
in  Chicago,  was  born  at  Hillsdale,  Columbia  Co., 
N.  Y.,  March  11,  1811.  During  his  infancy  the 
family  removed  to  West  Stockbridge,  Mass.  When 
be  was  sixteen  be  became  clerk  in  the  village  store, 
and  the  proprietor  removing  soon  after  to  Canaan, 
N.  Y.,  be  was  persuaded  to  accmnjiany  him.  In 
1829  he  became  a  resident  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  con- 
necting himself  there  with  an  insurance  office.  A 
branch  being  established  in  Louisville,  Mr.  Tyler 
took  charge  of  it.  and  that  city,  in  1834.  became 
his  home.  Business  prospered,  and  he  was  in  due 
time  ranked  witli  the  wealthy  and  influential  citi- 
zens of  the  place.  Mr.  Tyler  undertook,  in  ISo'.f, 
a  tour  of  the  East,  visiting  Kgypt  and  the  Holy 


Land  ;  some  letters  home,  descriptive  of  his  jour- 
ney, finding  publication  in  the  Louisville  Journal, 
then  edited  by  George  D.  Prentice.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  war  he  removed  North.  In  1862  he 
established  himself  in  Chicago,  and  soon  took  a 
pla<:e  beside  the  successful  business  men  of  that 
city. 

Mr.  Tyler  early  interested  himself  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  serving  as  one  of  its  trustees. 
In  the  establishment  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
he  actively  shared,  serving  also  upon  the  board  of 
this  institution.  As  a  liieniber  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  be  has  coiitribiiled  generously  to  the 
various  buihling  and  mission  enterprises  of  that 
body.  His  gifts  to  the  seminary  have  also  been 
large. 


VINTON 


1310 


WALDROP 


Y. 


Vinton,  Justus  H.,  D.D.,  wus  born  in  Willinj;- 
ton,  Conn.,  Feb.  17,  1806.  When  ten  years  of  a;;e 
he  was  converted,  and  .soon  after  united  witli  the 
Baptist  church  of  Ashford.  At  si.\teen  he  felt  the 
call  of  God  to  preach  the  gospel.  In  1826  he  en- 
tered Hamilton  Institution  to  study  for  the  minis- 
try. In  1830,  one  year  after  a  day  of  fasting  and 
prayer,  to  learn  liis  duty  in  reference  to  going  West 
as  a  missionary,  when  he  was  stronglj'  impressed 
that  lie  sliould  go  to  Burmah,  he  finally  decided  to 
spend  his  life  in  that  heathen  country.  While  at- 
tending to  college  duties,  and  during  vacations,  he 
preached  wherever  he  had  an  opportunity,  and  he 
had  some  great  revivals  at  this  early  period. 

In  July,  1834,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vinton  sailed  for 
Burmah  in  the  "Cashmere,''  and  landed  in  Maul- 
main  in  December  of  that  year.  During  their 
passage,  in  answer  to  fervent  prayers  and  faithful 
preaching,  a  number  of  the  ofiScers  and  men  of  the 
vessel  were  converted.  Having  learned  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Karens  fnJin  a  native  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  the  missionary  and  his  wife  left  for  the 
jungle  a  week  after  they  landed,  and  commenced 
to  preach  among  a  people  to  whom  the  Saviour  had 
never  been  presented,  and  they  continued  for  three 
months,  going  from  village  to  village,  telling  the 
story  of  the  Cross  to  hungry  multitudes,  and  con- 
verts rewarded  these  toils  wherever  they  went. 
For  many  years  Dr.  Vinton  was  engaged  in  this 
blessed  work,  and  he  was  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful missionaries  that  ever  led  souls  to  Jesus. 
Throngs  were  born  again,  many  churches  were  es- 
tablished, preachers  and  teachers  were  sent  out, 
and  a  mighty  work  was  performed  for  God  and  for 
the  races  dwelling  in  Burmah. 

In  Rangoon  his  labors  for  the  people  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  last  war  with  England  were  as- 
tonishing; he  and  his  wife  cared  for  a  multitude 


of  the  sick,  they  bought  rice  on  credit  and  distrib- 
uted it  among  the  famine-stricken,  they  cared  for 
orphans  and  widows,  and  they  told  the  story  of  the 
Cross  ;  in  any  community  a  preacher  of  such  a 
spirit  would  be  heard  with  special  interest,  and 
we  are  not  surprised  that  in  twenty  months  he 
baptized  441  converts. 

He  was  beloved  and  almost  worshiped  through- 
out the  Karen  jungles,  and  the  English  offici.als, 
recognizing  his  extraordinary  worth,  sent  hira 
money  to  sustain  his  schools  and  gifts  to  aid  him 
in  his  work,  and  cherished  him  and  his  wife  in 
their  hearts. 

Dr.  Vinton  was  mighty  in  prayer,  firm  in  will 
to  do  what  was  right,  untiring  in  effort,  generous 
to  a  fault,  and  wholly  consecrated  to  God.  In 
Connecticut,  where  he  was  peculiarly  well  known, 
when  a  difference  existed  between  him  and  the 
Missionary  Union,  the  denomination  sympathized 
with  the  great  missionary  ;  they  knew  his  unsur- 
passed worth,  and  no  society  could  keep  them  from 
contributing  liberally  to  sustain  this  prince  of 
missionary  preachers.  He  died  in  Burmah,  March 
31,  1858. 

His  noble  wife,  born  in  Union,  Conn.,  April  19, 
1807,  and  converted  at  eighteen,  had  the  same  mis- 
sionary spirit  that  made  her  husband  ready  to  sac- 
rifice everything  for  the  salvation  of  idolaters. 
She  told  the  women  and  children  of  Burmah  about 
the  Saviour,  and  labored  in  this  way  for  Christ 
with  glorious  results,  and  after  Dr.  Vinton's  death 
the  converts  and  churches  hearkened  to  her  counsels 
with  a  reverence  almost  unparalleled.  She  died  in 
Burmah,  Dec.  18,  IStU.  Her  danglitcr,  Mrs.  R.  M. 
Luther,  is  doing  effective  service  for  foreign  mis- 
sions in  Pennsylvania,  while  Justus  B.Vinton,  D.l)., 
her  son,  is  a  worthy  successor  of  his  honored  father 
in  extending  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  in  Burmah. 


i>   »  i^g    «    o- 


w. 


Waldrop,  Rev.  A.  J.,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1815,  in 
Christian  Co.,  Ky.  Came  with  his  parents  to  Jef- 
ferson Co.,  Ala.,  in  1818,  and  has  continued  there 
to  this  date ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Hosea  Hol- 
combe  in  1832;  was  ordained  in  1842.  He  has 
been  pastor  at  Ruhamot  thirty-two  years,  at  Spring- 


ville  twenty,  and  at  Cahaba  twenty-five  years, — 
three  of  our  best  country  churches.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  influential  ministers  in  the  State,  and 
a  strong  and  gifted  preacher.  He  held  several 
prominent  civil  positions.  His  son,  Elisha  AVal- 
drop,  is  also  a  good  minister  of  Jesus  Christ. 


ADDITIONAL    SUPPLEMENT/ 


Alderson,  Rev.  L.  A.,  was  one  of  the  efficient 
pioneer  Baptists  of  Kansas.  He  resides  now  at 
Atchison.  He  says,  "On  one  Sunday  inornini;  in 
August,  1S30,  when  I  waseif;hteen  years  of  aj;e,  and 
was  just  closing  my  Sophomore  year  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Ohio,  my  room-mate  handed  me  a  copy 
of  Doddridge's  '  Rise  and  Progress,'  requesting  me 
to  read  it  until  the  nine  o'clock  bell  should  ring 
for  prayers.  Kntirely  out  of  respect  to  him  I  com- 
menced reading  at  the  first  page,  intending  to  push 
the  book  aside  and  take  up  other  reading.  Before 
finishing  the  second  page  I  was  surprised  to  find 
myself  weeping,  and  in  a  few  minutes,  while  reading 
the  third  page,  there  came  upon  me  such  a  crush- 
ing sense  of  my  sinfulnr.is  in  the  sight  of  God  that 
I  was  most  iniseralilo.  and  remained  six  or  seven 
days  without  peace  until  the  reading  of  a  small 
tract  of  the  American  Tract  Society  opened  up  the 
way  of  life  so  plain  that  I  was  enabled  to  trust  in 
the  Saviour. 

"Schooled  among  the  Presliyterians,  and  all  my 
associates  being  connected  with  their  congregation, 
I  expected  to  unite  with  them.  To  strengthen  me 
in  my  purpo.se  I  read  one  of  the  ablest  books  then 
in  popular  use  in  favor  of  infant  membership  and 
sprinkling.  But  it  occurred  to  me  that  it  would 
be  well  to  read  something  on  the  other  side.  I 
called  upon  our  professor  of  mathematics,  who  a 
year  or  two  before  had  astonished  our  faculty  by 
joining  the  Baptists.  I  asked  him  for  .something 
to  read  on  the  Baptist  side  of  the  question.  He 
stepped  to  his  library  and  took  down  a  small  Testa- 
ment. 'Here,'  said  he,  'is  the  best  book  I  can 
give  you  on  that  subject.' 

"  I  returned  to  my  room  resolved  to  read  the 
New  Testament  through  and  mark  every  passage 
that  seemed  to  have  a  bearing  on  the  mode  and 
subjects  of  baptism.  Before  getting  to  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles  my  mind  was  fully  made  up.  I  re- 
turned to  my  old  homo  in  Western  Virginia,  and 
in  May,  1832,  I  was  baptizeil  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Greenbrier  Baptist  church  by  Rev.  V.  M.  Mason. 
On  the  15th  day  of  September,  1834, 1  was  ordained 
by   Rev.   Alexander   Freeman,   Rev.   William   C. 

*  Received  too  laty  for  the  Supplement ;  the  page  is  indicated  by 
tigureB  an<l  an  alphabetical  lelter. 


Ligon,  and  Rev.  Scervant  .Jones,  at  the  old  Green- 
brier church,'' 

Barksdale,  Judge  W.  R.,  of  Halifax  Co.,  Va., 
is  only  tliirty  years  of  age,  but  he  has  attained  an 
enviable  reputation  as  a  scholar,  a  jurist,  and  a 
Christian  workpr.  He  is  the  moderator  of  his  dis- 
trict Association,  a  vice-president  of  the  Baptist 
General  Association  of  Virginia,  and  a  gre.at  worker 
in  every  good  cause.  His  friends  predict  for  hira 
a  brilliant  career. 

Beale,  Rev.  Geo.  Wm.,  is  a  young  man  in 
wliose  face  there  arc  mingled  the  signs  of  manly 
strength  and  unaffected  humility.  He  could  lead 
a  forlorn  hope  without  faltering,  and  then  kneel 
down  by  a  dying  soldier  and  plead  for  his  salvation. 
Reared  in  elegance  and  refinement,  he  is  a  good 
soldier  of  Christ,  and  despises  anj'  pleasure  that 
stands  in  the  way  of  duty. 

He  is  a  native  of  the  Northern  Neck,  a  section 
of  Virginia  famous  for  the  number,  intelligence, 
and  activity  of  its  Baptists.  He  is  the  son  of  Gen. 
Beale,  at  present  a  member  of  Congress  from  that 
district,  who  is  himself  an  humble  and  zealous 
Christian  gentleman.  That  he  has  been  well  trained 
for  his  work  is  satisfactorily  evinced  by  his  minis- 
terial record.  The  opening  years  of  his  public  life 
were  spent  in  tlie  section  that  gave  him  birth. 
While  there  lie  baptized  his  own  father  and  a 
younger  brother,  who  is  now  one  of  our  most  la- 
borious and  useful  young  preachers.  For  several 
years  he  was  pastor  in  the  city  of  Georgetown,  and 
though  it  is  most  unfruitful  soil  for  Baptist  seed, 
he  did  much  to  elevate  and  strengthen  a  struggling 
cause.  He  was  warmly  esteemed  liy  his  little 
church,  and  it  was  a  bitter  trial  for  them  to  give 
him  up. 

Two  years  ago  he  removed  to  Halifax  County 
and  assumed  charge  of  the  churches  at  the  Court- 
house and  Black  Walnut,  in  which  he  has  made  a 
most  favorable  impression.  He  is  a  preacher  of 
marked  ability.  Those  who  know  him  intimately 
testify  to  his  deep  piety,  and  upon  that  fact  mainly 
must  rest  his  usefulness.  It  is  only  the  man  whom 
God  hears  when  he  pr.'iys  that  the  people  will  heed 
when  he  ^ircachcs. 

Boyd,  Judge  John  Alexander,  was  born  in 

1310a 


BOTD 


1310b 


BROADDUS 


the  city  of  Toronto,  Ontario,  Canada,  April  23, 
1S37.  He  was  educated  at  Upper  Canada  College 
and  Toronto  University,  and  his  career  was  that  of 
a  prize-winner  tliroughout.  He  obtained  a  scholar- 
ship upon  entering  the  university  in  1856,  and  won 
the  gold  medal  in  modern  languages  when  gradu- 
ating in  1860.    In  the  following  year  he  proceedec 


JIDGE   JUHX    ALEXAXDER    BOYD. 

to  the  M.A.  degree,  and  was  subsequently  for  a 
number  of  years  one  of  the  university  examiners. 
He  still  interests  himself  in  educational  matters, 
and  is  chairman  of  the  University  College  Convo- 
cation, and  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Toronto  Bap- 
tist College.  Mr.  Boyd  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
D.  B.  Read,  Q.C.,  with  whom  he  entered  i/ito  part- 
nership in  1863.  Several  years  later  he  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Blake  &  Kerr,  in 
which  he  continued  until  appointed  master  in 
chancery.  After  a  short  term  of  service  in  that 
important  office  he  rejoined  the  firm  since  so 
well  known  as  Blake,  Kerr  &  Boyd,  the  leading 
law  firm  in  the  province  of  Ontario.  In  the  spring 
of  1881  he  was  elevated  to  the  bench  as  chief  judge 
of  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  (a  court  of  equity), 
and  now  bears  the  distinguished  title  of  chancellor 
of  Ontario.  No  appointment  made  by  the  Canadian 
government  during  several  years  past  was  more 
popular  than  this,  both  with  the  bar  and  the  general 
public  of  the  province.  Mr.  Boyd  was  for  many 
years  a  teacher  in  and  superintendent  of  the  Bond 
Street  Baptist  Sunday-school,  Toronto,  and  for  the 
past  five  years  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Yorkville  school.  He  is  also  senior  deacon  of  the 
Yorkville  Baptist  church. 


REV.  AxijREH    liRnAinii  s.     (See  article,  p.  138.) 

Broaddus,  Andrew,  Jr.,  D.L.,  son  of  the  cele- 
brated pulpit  orator,  Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus,  Sr., 
was  born  May  17,  18IS,  at  Grovesby,  ^Caroline 
Co.,  Va.  He  had  early  religious  impressions,  but 
was  twenty-four  j-ears  of  age  when  he  was  bap- 
tized, Sept.  26,  1846,  by  Rev.  Robert  W.  Cole. 

Educated  at  Rappahannock  Academy,  Caroline 
Co.,  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Richmond  College,  Va.,  and  a  close  student  ever 
since,  he  has  one  of  the  best-trained  and  best-in- 
formed minds  in  the  Virginia  pulpit. 

In  1847  he  was  ordained  bvRevs.  A.  Broaddus,  Sr., 
Addison  Hall,  R.  H.  Bagby,  Howard  W.  Montague, 
and  Robert  W.  Cole.  Ever  since  he  has  been  an 
earnest  and  devoted  pastor,  giving  to  his  churches 
his  whole  time  and  talents. 

He  has  been  pastor  of  Mount  Calvary,  Carmel, 
Bethesda,  and  Salem  churches  in  Caroline  County, 
and  of  Upper  King  and  Queen  church  in  King  and 
Queen  County.  Salem  and  Upper  King  and  Queen 
have  divided  his  labors  for  over  thirty  years,  and 
the  mutual  affection  of  these  two  chui-ches  and 
their  pastor  seems  to  make  it  quite  certain  that  he 
will  close  his  ministry  in  their  service.  It  is  a  high 
tribute  to  his  ability  as  a  preacher,  his  character  as 
a  Christian,  and  his  efficiency  as  a  pastor  that  Dr. 
Broaddus  has  spent  his  whole  ministerial  life  with 
the  people  among  whom  he  was  brought  up,  and 
seems  more  securely  entrenched  in  their  affections 
to-day  than  ever  before. 

He  has  refused  all  overtures  to  city  pastorates, 
and  has  gloried  in  being  a  "country  minister." 
He  has  baptized  about  seventeen  hundred  believers, 


BROWN 


1310c 


BROWN 


and  he  fias  labored  in  meetings  with  other  pastors 
in  which  several  thousand  persons  have  been  im- 
mersed. 

He  has  been  for  jears  a  leader  among  the  Bap- 
tist hosts  of  Virginia,  and  has  exerted  a  potent' 
influence  in  directing  their  energies  in  "  every  good 
word  and  work.'' 

The  Rappahannock  Association  has  long  been 
regarded  as  the  "  banner  Association''  of  Virginia, 
and  it  owes  its  position  very  largely  to  the  labors 
of  Dr.  Broaddus  and  his  intimate  friend,  the  la- 
mented Dr.  Richard  Hugh  Baglty. 

His  three  sons  (Rev.  -Tulian  Broaddus,  of  Middle- 
sex County,  Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus,  of  Lancaster 
County,  and  Rev.  Luther  Broaddus,  of  South  Caro- 
lina) are  all  useful  Baptist  clergymen. 

As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Broaddus  is  clear,  Scriptural, 
effective,  and  frequently  eloquent.  As  a  pastor,  he 
is  affectionate;  the  unflinching  advocate  of  correct 
discipline.  His  churches  are  among  the  best  trained 
and  most  liberal  in  the  country. 

He  is  one  of  the  readiest  debaters  and  most 
powerful  platform  speakers  in  the  State.  Many  of 
his  speeches  are  worthy  of  permanent  preservation 
in  just  the  form  in  which  he  delivered  them. 

He  has  ver}' decided  opinions,  and.  upon  suitable 
occasions,  does  not  hesitate  to  state  and  defend  them. 
But  he  is  courteous  to  those  who  differ  from  him. 

An  affectionate  husband  and  father,  a  good  citi- 
zen, a  warm-hearted  friend,  and,  above  all,  a  de- 
voted Christian,  he  is  as  widely  loved  as  he  is 
known.  Thousands  would  utter  a  hearty  "  amen'' 
to  the  prayer  that  ho  may  be  long  spared  to  devote 
his  splendid  gifts  to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Brown,  A.  B.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Am- 
herst Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  20,  1821. 

He  professed  conversion  when  he  was  -about 
twenty,  and  was  for  a  time  an  Episcopalian,  but 
his  sincere  desire  to  know  the  will  of  Christ  soon 
led  to  a  change  of  views,  and  he  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Mount  Moriah  Baptist  church 
by  Rev.  S.  B.  Rice,  M.D. 

Young  Brown  took  charge  of  a  school  at  seven- 
teen, and  has  been  teaching  during  a  great  part 
of  his  life.  He  spent  one  year  as  a  student  at 
AVashington  College  (now  'Washington  and  Lee 
University),  where  he  won  a  fine  reputation,  and 
accomplished  a  two  years"  course  in  one.  He  pur- 
posed returning  the  next  session,  but  circumstance; 
changed  his  plans. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia,  and  reveled  in  the  advantages  of 
that  great  institution.  Dr.  Brown  has  made  splen- 
did progress  in  almost  every  branch  of  learning. 

Not  long  after  he  professed  conversion  he  began 
to  speak  of  Christ  to  others,  soon  he  was  licensed, 
and  in  1845  he  entered  fully  into  the  work  of 
preaching  the  gospel  and  became  an  appointee  of 


the  State  Mission  Board  in  Lewis  County,  where 
he  was  successful  in  his  work. 

In  1850  he  became  pastor  of  Arbor  and  other 
churches  in  the  Roanoke  Association. 


A.   B.   BROVVX,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

In  1S54  he  went  to  Ilollins  Institute,  Roanoke 
County,  where  he  spent  three  years  in  successful 
te.iching. 

In  1857  he  took  charge  of  the  Hampton  church, 
where  he  gathered  much  fruit  for  the  Master,  and 
gained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest 
preachers  in  the  State. 

When  Dr.  •!.  A.  Broadus  resigned  the  pastorate 
of  the  Charlottesville  church  in  1859,  a  hearty  in- 
vitation was  extended  to  Dr.  Brown  to  succeed  him, 
and  he  accepted  the  call,  to  the  deep  regret  of  his 
loving  people  in  Hampton.  He  had  here  a  conge- 
nial university  atmosphere,  and  he  studied  and 
preached  with  grand  results.  The  writer  remem- 
bers hearing  Prof.  Lewis  Minor  Coleman,  the 
scholar,  and  the  skillful  artillerist,  say  one  day  at 
his  camp-fire  in  the  most  loving  and  glowing  terms, 
"  Dr.  Brown  more  completely  than  any  man  I  ever 
heard  has  my  exact  range.     He  hits  me  every  time." 

Relating  this  to  Dr.  Brown  one  day.  he  seemed 
touched  by  this  tribute  of  liis  noble  friend,  and  he 
replied,  "Ah!  I  fear  that  when  1  had  Coleman's 
'  range"  I  was  shooting  over  the  heads  of  the  rest 
of  the  congregation." 

The  breaking  out  of  the  war  suspended  the  uni- 
versity, many  of  the  best  men  of  his  church  went 
into  the  army,  and  Dr.  Brown  felt  constrained  to 
resign  his  pastorate  the  second  year  of  the  war  and 


CARLETON 


1310d 


COLEMAN 


po  back  to  liis  old  place  as  professor  in  Ilollins 
Institute. 

In  1864  he  became  a  missionary  chaplain  in  Car- 
ter's artillery  battalion,  Second  Corps,  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  and  bore  no  mean  part  in  the 
labors  of  tliosc  great  revivals  during  which  over 
fifteen  thousand  of  Lee's  veterans  professed  faith 
in  Christ. 

Many  of  his  sermons  to  the  scddiei-s  were  rare 
specimens  of  what  a  great  professor  has  defined 
true  eloquence  to  be, — "  Login  set  onjire." 

In  the  winter  of  1864  he  returned  to  Pittsylvania 
County,  and  became  pastor  of  several  churches, 
which  he  served  successfully  until  September,  1881, 
when  he  came  to  fill  the  chair  of  English  in  Rich- 
mond College. 

Dr.  Brown's  seventeen  years  of  quiet  country 
life  were  diligently  improved,  and  he  brings  to  his 
college  duties  native  ability,  ripe  scholarship,  "  apt- 
ness to  teach,"  and  the  power  of  a  profound  thinker. 

No  man  in  A^irginia  is  heard  with  more  pleasure 
on  the  platform  or  in  the  pulpit  by  intelligent  peo- 
ple than  Dr.  IJrown.  Devotedly  pious,  and  of  pure 
life,  Dr.  Brown  is  admired  and  loved  by  multitudes 
of  friends,  and  many  prayers  ascend  to  God  that 
he  may  be  long  spared  to  grace  the  position  he  fills, 
a'nd  leave  his  impress  on  the  young  men  who  gather 
around  liiiii  in  our  grand  old  college. 

Carleton,  Rev.  George  J.,  was  bom  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Oct.  12,  1812,  of  good  Baptist  stock;  his 
father,  Jonathan  Carleton,  Jlsq.,  being  favorably 
known  as  a  deacon  of  Dr.  Baldwin's  church,  and 
also  a  deacon  of  the  Federal  Street  church  (now 
Clarendon  Street),  once  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Howard  Malconi.  His  mother  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
Hezekiah  Smith,  of  Haverhill,  and  united  with  his 
church  when  it  cost  something  for  a  young  girl  to 
come  out  on  the  Lord's  side.  George,  their  son, 
was  educated  in  Boston,  and  at  Amherst  College 
and  Brown  University. 

He  was  born  again  M.ay  16,  18.'!1,  and  was  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowshi)i  of  the  Federal  Street 
church.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Andover,  Mass.,  June  15,  1836;  became 
second  p.astor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  Sept.  1,  1839.  After  leaving  Wil- 
mington he  labored  several  years  as  an  evangelist, 
and  then  settled  over  the  Baptist  church  in  West 
Cambridge  for  six  years  (now  Arlington),  from 
whence  he  removed  to  Newton  Centre,  where  he 
now  resides.  He  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  prison  ten  years.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  volumes,  "The  Unique,"  1844;  "Rambles 
about  Boston  on  Efforts  to  do  Good,"  1856. 

Mr.  Carleton's  parents  kept  an  open  house  for 
Baptists  in  Boston  for  many  years,  dispensing 
cheerful  and  liberal  hospitality.  His  father  was 
interested  with    N.   R.    Cobb,  Levi   Farwell,  and 


other  good  men  in  the  inception  and  founding  of 
Newton  Theological  Seminary.  The  son  is  a  Chris- 
tian, and  a  minister  of  great  worth. 

Chambers,  Rev,  Job  Hodson,  was  born  in 
'Burlington  Co.,  N.  J..  -Ian.  1,  1848.  He  was  bap- 
tized in  1864.  In  1872  he  was  graduated  by  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  with  the  highest  honor  of 
his  class.  While  in  the  university  he  supplied  with 
great  acceptance  the  pulpits  of  the  Elimsport  and 
Win  field  Baptist  churches  for  a  considerable  period. 
He  pursued  the  full  course  of  study  at  the  Crozer 
Theological  Soniinary,  graduating  in  1875. 

During  his  seminary  course  he  was  pastor  for 
some  time  of  the  Bethesda  Baptist  church  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  ordained  in  May,  1875,  and  on 
the  first  of  June  following  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Olivet  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.  This  posi- 
tion he  still  occupies.  lie  is  a' preacher  of  marked 
ability,  aiul  an  earnest  working  pastor.  Under  his 
faithful  and  prudent  labors  the  church  has  grown 
much  in  strength  and  Christian  activity,  and  has 
removed  an  oppressive  debt  of  $16,000. 

He  preached  the  doctrinal  sermon  before  the 
North  Philadelphia  Association  in  1877,  and  was 
president  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  Crozer 
Seminary  in  1881.  He  has  been  for  several  years 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Historical  So- 
ciety. Ho  is  a  member  of  the  boards  of  manage- 
ment of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  So- 
ciety, the  Pennsylvania  General  Association,  the 
Philadelphia  Baptist  City  Mission,  and  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Historical  Society.  Mr.  Chambers  is 
one  of  the  best  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  in  his 
State. 

Coleman,  Rev.  James  D„  of  Caroline  Co.,  Va., 
was  born  at  Concord,  in  that  county,  Dec.  15,  1814; 
spent-his  whole  life  amid  the  scenes  of  his  youth, 
and  died  on  the  spot  where  he  was  born,  on  the  21st 
of  November,  1878. 

Of  a  long  line  of  distinguished  ancestors,  the 
father  of  Mr.  Coleman  was  a  famous  teacher,  and 
as  principal  of  Concord  Academy  gave  his  sons  a 
thorough  classical  training.  Mr.  Coleman  thus 
imbibed  in  youth  a  taste  for  learning  which  he 
cultivated  to  the  close  of  life,  being  a  fluent  reader 
of  Latin,  Greek,  and  French,  as  well  as  a  de- 
lighted drawer  from  the  "pure  wells  of  English 
un<lefiled."  He  was  baptized  in  1841  by  Dr.  J.  B. 
Jeter,  and  united  with  Bethany  church,  Spott- 
sylvania  County,  and  soon  after  he  was  licensed 
to  preach.  In  1845  he  was  ordained  at  Bethany, 
and  became  pastor  of  Burrus'  and  Bethel  churches, 
Caroline  County,  to  which  latter  he  removed  his 
membership,  and  of  which  he  continued  to  be  pastor 
until  his  death. 

For  the  last  ten  or  twenty  years  of  his  life  he  was 
also  pastor  of  Round  Oak,  Bethesda,  and  Liberty. 
During    this    period    the    churches   were    greatly 


D  UNA  WAY 


1310E 


FIFE 


8trenj;thotied  and  blessed  with  the  divine  presence, 
and  by  means  of  many  revivals  in  all  his  churches,  in 
which  he  usually  labored  without  any  ministerial 
aid.  It  is  supposed  that  he  baptized  into  member- 
ship with  these  churches  at  least  1800  persons,  while 
some  have  estimated  the  number  as  much  greater. 
As  a  pastor  he  was  faithful  and  laborious,  and 
strove  to  do  his  whole  duty,  and  in  this  endeavor 
secured  sympathy,  love,  and  respect  from  his 
members.  For  many  years  in  the  earlier  part 
of  his  ministry  he  was  the  efficient  clerk  of  the 
Goshen  Association,  and  one  of  the  most  zealous 
and  inBuential  members  of  its  Missionary  Board, 
serving  as  secretary  of  that  board  at  the  time  when 
its  operations  were  most  extensive,  sustaining  in 
whole  or  in  part  several  foreign  missionaries,  two 
or  three  among  the  Indians,  and  fifteen  in  the 
valley  of  Virginia.  lie  was  a  warm  friend  and 
advocate  of  home  and  foreign  missions,  to  which 
he  gave  liberally  of  his  pecuniary  means;  and  to 
his  wisdom  and  zeal  as  secretary  of  the  board  is 
largely  due  their  success  in  establishing  and  build- 
ing up  the  Baptist  church  at  Staunton,  Va.,  besides 
many  other  missionary  stations  in  the  valley.  For 
ten  or  twelve  years  prior  to  his  death  he  was  al- 
ways chosen  moderator  of  the  Association  when- 
ever he  attended  its  sessions.  As  a  Baptist,  Mr. 
Coleman  was  decided  and  in  full  accord  with  his 
denomination.  Being  fully  persuaded  in  his  own 
mind  that  the  Baptists  "  oonteml  for  the  faith  which 
was  once  delivered  to  the  saints,''  that  tlioy  practise 
the  ordinances  as  they  were  instituted,  and  that 
their  form  of  church  government  is  that  of  the 
apostolic  churches,  he  loved  his  denomination, 
labored  earnestly  to  build  it  up,  and  rejoiced  in  its 
success  everywhere.  It  was  to  him  an  inexpres- 
sible pleasure  to  meet  and  mingle  with  his  brethren 
from  other  fields  of  labor  in  our  general  meetings. 
His  delight  would  manifest  itself  in  his  smiling  face 
and  cordial  grasp  of  a  brother's  hand.  As  a  Chris- 
tian, Mr.  Coleman  seemed,  like  Barnabas,  to  be 
"  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  of  faith,  and  to  walk, 
like  Enoch,  with  his  God."  He  was  a  man  of  earn- 
est piety  and  great  faith.  He  was  an  able  jtreacher 
and  an  influential  man,  and  he  died  widely  lamented. 
Dunaway,  Rev.  Adoniram  B.,  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  5,  1S42,  of  religious  parents, 
and  he  was  born  of  the  Spirit  of  God  in  August, 
1858,  and  was  soon  thereafter  baptized  into  the  fel- 
lowship of  Lebanon  Baptist  church  by  the  Rev. 
Addison  Hall.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  late 
war  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  a  cavalry  company 
from  his  native  county,  attached  to  the  Ninth 
Regiment  of  Virginia  Cavalry,  in  the  Confed- 
erate army.  lie  served  during  the  war  in  the 
commands  of  Gens.  Stuart  and  Hampton.  Mr. 
Dunaway  was  licensed  to  preach  in  September, 
1870,  and  was  regularly  ordained  to  the  gospel  min- 


istry in  July,  1S71.  and  immediately  took  charge 
of  Farnham  church  in  ]{iehmond  Co.,  Va.,  and 
Lebanon  church  in  Lancaster  County,  which  he 
served  for  seven  years,  and  during  that  period  the 
membership  of  Lebanon  was  more  than  doubled, 
and  Farnham  was  greatly  strengthened.  Besides 
preaching  for  his  regular  churcdies,  he  has  aided 
other  pastors  in  meetings  whenever  convenient,  and 
always  very  acceptably,  and  with  great  success. 
These  efforts  gave  Mr.  Dunaway  more  than  a  local 
reputation,  so  that  upon  the  death  of  the  late  la- 
mented Rev.  James  D.  Coleman  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  Bethel,  Bethesda,  Round  Oak,  and 
Liberty, — four  large  country  churches  in  Caroline 
Co.,  Va.  He  took  charge  of  these  in  April,  1879, 
giving  to  each  one  Sunday  a  month.  During  the 
first  year  of  his  pastorate  in  Caroline  he  preached 
five  consecutive  weeks  in  protracted  meetings  with- 
out ministerial  aid,  and  had  more  than  one  hun- 
dred additions  to  his  churches,  and  they  have  stead- 
ily increased  in  numbers  and  efficiency  under  his 
ministry,  and  they  are  greatly  attached  to  him. 
He  is  gaining  daily  an  extensive  reputation  in  Vir- 
ginia as  an  humble,  earnest,  and  eSicient  minister 
of  God's  AVord.  He  is  an  occasional  contributor 
to  the  Jieli(/iijus  Herald  of  Richmond.  Mr.  Duna- 
way is  justly  considered  one  of  the  most  promising 
young  ministers  of  this  State. 

Fife,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  the 
year  l~'J4,  and  died  at  his  residence  near  Char- 
lottesville, Va.,  Oct.  6.  1876,  in  the  eighty-third 
year  of  his  age.  Brought  up  under  Presliyterian 
training,  he  adopted  Baptist  views,  and  was  bap- 
tized in  Edinburgh  by  Dr.  Innes.  At  sixteen  he 
began  to  speak  for  Christ,  and  when  at  nineteen 
he  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Richmond,  he 
had  fully  entered  upon  his  "abundant  labors"  of 
sixty-six  years  in  the  gospel  ministry. 

When  he  first  came  to  Richmond  he  was  a  suc- 
cessful surveyor,  but  he  soon  removed  to  Gooch- 
land County,  where  for  many  years  he  was  one  of 
the  most  energetic,  popular,  and  efficient  ministers 
that  ever  labored  in  Virginia.  He  was  especially 
successful  in  the  "  four  days'  meetings''  of  the  time, 
which  were  after  a  while  changed  into  our  modern 
"  protracted  meetings,"  and  he  was  sent  for  from 
near  and  remote  places  to  conduct  such  meetings. 

Dr.  Jeter  said  of  him  in  this  connection,  "Fife 
was  among  the  first,  if  he  was  not  the  very  first, 
^f  the  Baptist  ministers  who  labored  in  such  meet- 
ings. His  gifts  eminently  fitted  him  for  the  service. 
The  freshness,  vigor,  and  pathos  of  his  sermons 
rendered  his  ministry  everywhere  acceptable.  One 
of  the  early  meetings  of  this  order  was  conducted 
by  him  and  Baptist  in  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Richmond.  Fife  preached  and  Baptist  exhorted, 
for  which  he  had  a  remarkable  gift.  It  was  one  of 
the  most  successful   meetings  ever  held   in  Rich- 


FOOTE 


1310r 


FRAZER 


mond.  To  this  diiy  the  prosperity  of  the  Baptist 
denomination  hei"c  is  largely  due  to  its  influence." 
The  converts  in  connection  with  his  evangelistic 
labors  were  numbered  by  thousands.  He  was 
always  an  active  promoter  of  missions.  He  and 
his  friend.  Rev.  Edward  Baptist,  were  unquestion- 
ably the  founders  of  the  Baptist  General  Associa- 
tion of  Virginia,  which  was  organized  in  Richmond 
in  June,  182.'?. 

AVhen  the  L'reat  memorial  meeting  of  this  body 
was  held  in  Richmond  in  June.  1873,  he  was  pres- 
ent, and  there  were  no  happier  men  in  the  vast 
throng  than  James  Fife,  one  of  the  founders,  and 
J.  B.  Jeter,  the  first  missionary  of  this  grand  or- 
ganization. Noble  veterans  of  the  cross,  they  were 
full  of  labors  and  full  of  honors. 

He  never  ceased  to  love  the  courts  of  the  Lord, 
and  to  do  what  he  could  to  win  souls  to  Christ. 
Always  active  in  preaching  to  and  caring  for  the 
spiritual  interests  of  the  colored  people,  he  was  for 
some  time  after  the  war  the  pastor  of  one  of  their 
churches  in  Charlottesville,  and  the  warm  place  he 
had  in  their  affections  was  attested  by  the  throngs 
of  coloi-eil  persons  who  attended  his  funeral. 

He  died  at  home  ministered  to  by  loving  hands, 
and  was  buried  by  neighbors  and  friends  among 
whom  he  had  lived  for  many  years.  He  has  left 
behind  :i  friiixnint  memory  and  a  spotless  record. 

Foote,  Rev.  C.  C,  was  born  in  .Massillon,  O.,  in 
March,  18.31.  His  father  was  an  attorney-at-law 
in  that  place,  and  a  graduate  of  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

He  was  left  fatherless  in  infancy,  and  was  taken 
by  his  mother  to  her  native  town.  Shalersville, 
Portage  Co.,  0.,  where  he  passed  his  childhood,  at- 
tending the  village  schools.  At  twelve  years  of 
age  he  was  converted,  and  the  next  year  was  im- 
mersed, and  there  being  no  Baptist  church  there, 
he  united  with  the  Disciples.  Soon  afterwards  he 
removed  to  Summit  Co.,  0.  In  1848  he  entered  the 
classical  school  of  Prof.  Henry  Childs,  in  Cleveland. 

In  November,  1851,  he  began  a  three  years'  course 
of  study  at  Hiram  College,  0.,  during  the  last  two 
years  of  which  he  taught  classes, — chiefly  in  Latin, 
Greek,  German,  astronomy,  algebi'a,  and  philos- 
ophy. 

In  18.52,  while  a  student,  he  began  to  preach,  and 
the  next  year  supplied  the  pulpit  in  Shalersville. 
He  was  formally  set  apart  to  the  ministry  in  Hiram 
in  November,  1854,  and  through  the  following  thr^ 
years  occupied  pulpits  successively  in  Sharon,  Pa., 
and  in  Shalersville  and  North  Bloomfield,  O. 

In  the  spring  of  1858  he  entered  upon  his  first 
regular  pastorate  in  Ravenna,  0.  Following  that 
he  had  pastoral  charges  in  Cleveland,  0.,  New  York 
City,  and  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

In  1870  and  1871,  while  in  New  York  City,  he 
occupied  a  place  on  the  board  of  managers  of  the 


American  Bible  Union,  serving  as  recording  secre- 
tary of  that  society;  he  w.is  associated  with  Drs. 
Armitage  and  W.  H.  AV\cko£Fas  the  Committee  on 
Versions. 

In  Philadelphia  he  took  the  course  of  elocution 
in  the  National  School  of  Elocution  and  Oratory. 

In  July,  1879,  he  was  regularly  ordained  to  the 
Baptist  ministry  in  the  Centennial  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia.  From  that  time  he  occupied  the  chair 
of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  in  the  National 
School  of  Elocution  and  Oratory,  and  supplied  va- 
rious Baptist  pulpits  in  that  city  until  February, 
1881,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Topeka,  Kansas. 

About  four  hundred  students  have  come  umler 
his  instruction  as  a  teacher,  and  about  one  thousand 
persons  have  been  converted  under  his  ministry. 

Mr.  Foote  is  a  devoted  Christian  and  a  preacher 
of  decided  ability. 

Frazer,  Hon.  Robert,  was  bom  in  Orange  Co., 
Va.,  in  1839,  and  was  baptized  in  1852.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1859,  he  entered  the  University  of  Virginia, 
and  enjoyed  until  the  spring  of  1861  the  advan- 
tages of  that  great  seat  of  learning.  He  was  anx- 
ious to  complete  his  course  at  Charlottesville,  but 
when  Virginia  called  her  sons  to  her  defense 
Robert  Frazer  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in  the 
Rockbridge  Artillery,  which  was  composed  of  se- 
lect young  men,  whose  guns  were  heard  on  well- 
nigh  every  field  in  which  the  Army  of  Northern 
A'irginia  fought,  and  which  won  a  distinguished 
reputation  in  the  Confederate  army.  Mr.  Frazer 
was  one  of  the  bravest  soldiers  in  this  well-known 
battery.  In  1863  he  was  disabled  by  severe  wounds, 
and  returned  to  the  university.  In  1864  he  ac- 
cepted an  appointment  as  professor  in  the  Florida 
Military  Institute,  which  position  he  filled  with 
marked  ability  until  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  returned  to  Virginia. 

For  several  years  he  taught  a  boys'  school  in  his 
native  county,  and  in  1869  became  associated  with 
Rev.  H.  H.  Wyer  in  the  conduct  of  the  Fauquier 
Female  Institute,  becoming  its  president  in  1872. 

Mr.  Frazer  has  never  taken  any  active  part  in 
politics,  but  when  in  1874  (without  solicitation) 
he  was  appointed  consul  to  Palermo,  he  accepted 
the  position.  He  devoted  himself  so  faithfully  to 
the  duties  of  his  consulate  that  when  at  the  end 
of  two  years  he  resigned,  he  was  urged  by  the 
State  Department  to  remain,  although  it  was 
known  that  his  politics  were  not  in  accord  with 
those  of  the  administration.  But  in  going  abroad 
he  had  perfected  himself  in  modern  languages, 
and  he  insisted  on  returning  to  his  loved  work  as 
president  of  the  Fauquier  Female  Institute  of  War- 
renton,  Va. 

With  fine  grounds  and  buildings,  and  with  an 
established  reputation  for  the  thoroughness  of  its 


JUNmNGS 


1310G 


JONES 


iostruction,  Prof.  Frazer,  one  of  the  ablest  edu- 
cators in  the  country,  has  before  him  a  flattering 
career  of  usefulness.  Of  pleasing  address,  a  born 
teacher,  and  devoted  to  his  calling,  above  all,  an 
earnest  Christian  and  active  .Sunday-school  super- 
intendent, Prof,  Frazer  .stands  among  the  foremost 
of  our  Virginia  Baptist  laymon. 


^, 


TH05I.XS    HUME.   .SR. 

Hume,  Thomas,  Sr,  (See  article,  p.  557.) 
Jennings,  Mr.  Francis,  was  born  at  Melksham, 
Wiltsliiri'.  England,  Nov.  3.  18(IS,  and  was  the  son 
of  AVilliam  and  Mary  (Johns)  Jennings.  From 
1815  till  1821  he  attended  the  Baptist  Sunday- 
school  at  Trowbridge.  His  mother  was  a  Baptist. 
He  was  baptized  Oct.  7,  1827,  by  Rev.  feter 
Ainstie,  of  the  Bethesda  church.  He  came  to 
America  in  May,  1842,  and  joined  the  Saiisom 
Street  church.  He  was  a  constituent  member  of 
the  Bethesda  church,  which  name  was  given  it  at 
his  suggestion,  being  that  of  the  church  in  which 
he  professed  his  faith  in  the  old  country.  His  at- 
tention was  first  led  to  religion  from  conversations 
with  his  Sunday-school  teacher  and  from  reading 
hymns.     That  by  Anna  Steele,  beginning 

**The  Saviour  calls,  let  every  ear 
Attend  the  heavenly  sound," 

affected  him  deeply,  and  made  him  anxious  to  know 
all  about  its  author.  He  got  a  number  of  hymn- 
books,  and  their  perusal  gave  him  a  taste  for 
hymnology.  Hearing  that  a  Mr.  David  Creamer, 
a  Methodist  in  Baltimore,  had  a  similar  taste.  Mr. 
Jennings  visited  him.  and  found  him  a  true  yoke- 
fellow and  deeply  imbued  with  a  like  love  for 
hymns  and  their  authors.     Compelled  to  work  for 


his  daily  bread,  Mr.  Jennings  devoted  such  leisure 
as  he  could  get  to  the  study  of  hymnology,  and 
collected  all  the  books  on  the  subject  he  could  hear 
of.  At  one  time  he  had  over  3W  hymn-books. 
They  are  now  in  the  library  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society.  His  next  collection  num- 
bered about  600  volumes,  which  he  gave  to  the 
American  Baptist  Historical  Society.  The  exten- 
sive knowledge  of  Mr.  Jennings  led  to  the  prepar- 
ation by  him  of  the  biographical  index  of  authors  of 
hymns  to  be  found  in  the  Baptist  Hymn  and  Tune 
Book.  He  has  also  written  largely  for  the  National 
Baptist  on  hymns  and  their  authors.  His  acquire- 
ments  are  very  remarkable.  In  1876,  Rev.  Edwin 
M.  Long  published  a  book  entitled  '■  Illustrated 
History  of  Hymns  and  their  Authors."  In  it  he 
bears  the  following  testimony  to  Mr.  Jennings: 
■•  In  the  preparation  of  this  work  we  have  been 
aided  in  the  synopsis  and  other  particulars  by  our 
friend,  Mr.  Francis  -Jennings,  who  may  fitly  be  de- 
nominated a  walking  encyclopaedia  of  hymnology. 
He  is  a  native  of  British  soil,  around  which  cluster 
the  most  interesting  associations  of  hymn  history. 
Having  devoted  half  a  century  in  treasuring  up 
dates  and  facts,  it  is  no  wonder  that  while  his  locks 
are  becoming  silvered  with  the  frosts  of  many 
winters  his  life-long  zeal  in  this  department  re- 
mains unabated."  He  contributed  to  the  erection 
of  two  Baptist  church  edifices  at  Franklinville, 
Philadelphia,  giving  $500  at  one  time  when  he  was 
receiving  one  dollar  a  day  for  severe  labor. 

Mr.  .Jennings  lives  in  West  Philadelphia,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Mantua  Baptist  church. 

Jones,  Rev.  Reuben,  was  born  in  Islo  of  Wight 
Co.,  Ya..  Xuv.  30,  1808.  His  father  removed  to 
Smith  Co.,  Tenn.,  in  1815.  There,  on  the  13th  of 
November,  1831.  he  made  a  profession  of  religion 
among  the  Methodists.  Soon  after  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  received  into  the  Tennessee  Annual 
Conference;  he  labored  two  years  on  circuits,  and 
one  each  in  Nashville,  Murfreesborough,  and  Tus- 
cumbin.  Ala. 

He  was  then  transferred  to  the  Virginia  Confer- 
ence in  1839.  After  filling  one  appointment  at 
Williamsburg  and  Hampton  he  changed  his  views, 
and  was  baptized  by  Putnam  Owens  at  Mill  Swamp 
Baptist  church,  in  Isle  of  Wight  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  1, 
1841.  After  reordination,  November,  1841,  he  be- 
came pastor  first  of  Jlill  Swamp  and  Smithfield 
churches,  in  Isle  of  Wight  County,  three  years; 
next  of  Suffolk  and  Shoulders  Hill,  in  Xanseinond 
and  Norfolk  Counties,  five  years;  next  of  Cumber- 
land Street,  in  Norfolk  City,  five  years :  next  of 
Helena.  Ark.,  nearly  two  years ;  finally,  returned 
to  Shoulder's  Hill,  at  Churchland,  Norfolk  Co.,  Va., 
Sept.  1,  1855,  where  he  has  been  twenty-six  years, 
having  ''held  the  fort"  all  through  the  war. 

He  WHS  a  delegate  in   the  last  meeting  of  the 


LARCOMBE 


1310H 


PATTERSON 


Baptist  Triennial  Convention  in  Philadelphia  in 
1844,  and  a  constituent  member  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  organized  at  Augusta,  Ga., 
in  May,  1845.  He  was  four  years  moderator  of 
the  Portsmouth  Association,  Virginia,  one  of  the 


REV.    REl  liEN    .lONES. 

most  influential  Associations  in  the  State,  and  sev- 
eral times  vice-moderator  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion. 

Mr.  Jones,  assisted  by  Rev.  G.  J.  Hobday,  by 
request  of  the  body,  prepared  a  manuscript  history 
of  tlie  "  Virginia  Portsmouth  Baptist  Association," 
includini;  historical  sketches  of  its  churches,  and 
biographical  sketches  of  deceased  ministers,  etc. 
This  work  lias  been  published  in  book  form,  making 
a  neat  volume  of  302  pages. 

Mr.  Jones  is  now  in  his  seventy-fourth  year,  but 
still  strong  and  active,  and  preaches  with  the  vigor 
of  younger  years.  The  church  over  which  Mr. 
Jones  presides  is  in  some  respects  one  of  the  best 
churches  in  our  State,  and  its  efficiency  is  clearly 
attributable  to  his  faithful  minisU'y.  He  is  the 
patriarch  of  the  Portsmouth  Association.  In  its 
deliberations  his  voice  is  potent,  and  his  influence 
is  as  gentle  as  it  is  miglity.  He  ranks  well  as  a 
preacher.  His  sermons  are  carefully  made,  full  of 
awakening  points,  and  solemnly  delivered.  On 
the  platform  he  is  peculiarly  felicitous.  He  has  a 
vein  of  genuine  poetry  in  his  soul,  and  sometimes 
indulges  in  bursts  of  poetic  eloquence. 

Larcombe,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Phila- 
delphiii,  May  I'J.  1791.  and  died  in  that  city  Oct.  1, 
1861.  He  was  a  descendant  of  a  family  of  the 
Waldenses,  which  became  identified  with  the  Hu- 
guenots of  Languedoc.      About  the  time  of   the 


revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  the  family  left 
France,  and  settled  in  Wliippinghain,  Isle  of  Wight. 
One  of  the  family  passed  over  to  Bristol,  England, 
and  soon  emigrated  to  America,  and  settled  on  the 
Connecticut. 

At  sixteen  young  Larcombe  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia.  In  1S21  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  Ijy  the  church  at  Hopewell,  N.  J. 
Later  he  was  ordained,  and  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Burlington.  After  a  year  he  took  the 
oversight  of  the  church  at  Bordentown.  Four  years 
afterwards  he  was  called  to  the  church  in  Colebrook, 
Conn.  His  next  field  of  labor  was  at  Danbury. 
Then  he  settled  with  the  church  at  Saugerties.  N.  Y*. 
In  1835  he  came  back  to  Philadelphia,  and  for  three 
years  was  occupied  in  teaching  and  preaching  for 
destitute  churches  in  the  vicinity.  In  1838  he  was 
appointed  ''  moral  instructor"  in  the  Eastern  Peni- 
tentiary, and  he  filled  this  position  for  twenty-three 
years. 

Mr.  Larcombe  was  a  good  man,  and  in  his  prison 
congregation,  as  in  his  other  fields  of  labor,  he  led 
souls  to  Jesus  and  honored  his  Master.  His  end 
was  full  of  peace. 

Morgan,  Rev,  Abel,  Sr.,  was  born  in  1673,  in 
AUtgoch,  County  of  Carmarthen,  Wales:  he  was 
ordained  in  Blaenegwent  in  Monmouthshire.  He 
came  to  Pennsylvania  early  in  1711  ;  he  resided  for 
a  time  in  Philadelphia,  and  then  removed  to  Penne- 
pek.  Immediately  after  his  arrival  he  took  charge 
of  the  church  at  Pennepek,  exercising  his  ministry 
there  and  in  Philadelphia  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Dec.  16,  1722.  His  five  children  "mar- 
ried into  the  Holmes,  Howell,  Sprogle,  and  Keen 
families,"  and  in  1770  lie  had  sixteen  grandchildren. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  Welsh  Concordance,  which 
was  printed  in  Philadelphia  in  1730,  and  of  a  Welsh 
translation  of  the  "Century  Confession,"  —  the 
London  Confession  of  1689, — with  the  articles  on 
"  Singing  of  Psalms"  and  '"  Laying  on  of  Hands"' 
added  to  it. 

Mr.  Morgan  was  a  great  and  good  man,  and  ex- 
erted a  powerful  influence  in  favor  of  the  Saviour's 
kingdom  in  his  native  land,  and  during  his  com- 
paratively brief  American  ministry.  His  remains 
now  rest  in  the  ground  owned  by  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia  in  Mount  Moriah  Cemetery. 

Patterson,  Rev.  George,  was  by  birth  a  Scotch- 
man, but  came  to  this  country  in  early  life.  In 
young  manhood  he  felt  called  of  God  to  preach  the 
gospel,  and  being  a  resident  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
he  entered  the  theological  seminary  conducted  by 
the  celebrated  Dr.  Staughton.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  war  of  1812  he  removed  to  Virginia,  where 
he  subsequently  married  and  died.  He  was  the 
first  pastor  of  the  Cumberland  Street  church  in 
Norfolk,  in  whose  service  he  gained  the  warm  af- 
fection of  the  writer  of  this  sketch.     His  ordina- 


PATTERSON 


131% 


ROE 


tion  services  were  conducted  by  Dr.  Staiishton  and 
the  Rev.  William  White,  of  Phihidelphia,  who 
came  to  Norfolk  in  a  sailing-vessel,  occupying  sev- 
eral days  in  the  trip,  and  running  some  risk  of  cap- 
ture from  British  war-vessels  on  the  coast.  They 
remained  many  days  in  Norfolk  and  ]ireached  with 
great  acceptance  to  immense  throngs. 

The  visit  of  these  eloquent  ministers  gave  Jlr. 
Patterson  a  brilliant  introduction  to  the  citizens  of 
Norfolk,  where  his  talents  and  eftbrts  were  instru- 
mental in  securing  extensive  prosperity  for  the 
church  to  which  he  ministered.  While  he  resided 
in  Norfolk  he  was  abundant  in  labors  and  emi- 
nently blessed  in  winning  snuls  to  Jesus.  During 
his  first  year  he  baptized  about  forty  persons,  and 
among  them  were  not  a  few  who,  during  life,  con- 
tinued pillars  of  the  church. 


Pleasants,  Rev.  Stephen,  was  bom  Jan.  12, 

IT'y.  jiiiued  the  chunli  in  1799,  began  to  preach 
in  1824,  and  died  Nov.  28,  1852.  He  lived  and 
died  in  Person  Co.,  N.  C. 

In  1832,  Kev.  James  Osborn  made  a  division  in 
the  County  Line  Association  on  missions.  Mr. 
Pleasants  and  a  few  others  were  excluded.  In 
1833  they  forme<l  the  Beulali  Association,  of  which 
Mr.  Pleasants  became  moderator,  and  he  held  this 
ofiBce  until  his  death  in  1852.  He  had  a  character 
as  pure  as  the  virgin  snow,  and  a  mind  as  clear  as 
crystal.  His  style  was  like  a  flowing  river.  His 
moral  influence  will  never  die  ;  his  life  was  a  bles- 
sing to  mankind. 

Robertson,  Rev.  Jolin,  was  born  in  Rocking- 
ham Co.,  X.  C.  in  ISUJ.  About  1830  he  removed 
to  Grainger  Co.,  Tenn.     He  professed  religion  and 


KM    II  MliNLl     INSTITI  TK. 


Enshrined  in  the  aflections  of  the  writer  will 
always  be  the  Fauquiers.  Chamberlaines,  Mallorys, 
Fiveashes,  Wrights,  Langleys,  Calverts,  Bushes, 
Summerses,  Coxes,  Barrons,  Andersons,  and  others 
of  that  time,  and  the  Pendreds,  Ilendrens,  Ste- 
venses,  and  Keys,  and  others  of  the  generation 
that  preceded  them. 

Few  events  in  the  past  history  of  Norfolk  were 
more  important  than  the  arrival  of  the  packet  that 
brought  Mr.  Patterson.  His  faith,  his  holy  life, 
his  burning  zeal,  his  untiring  labors,  with  heaven's 
blessing,  gave  the  Baptists  a  measure  of  blessing 
in  Norfolk  that  called  for  devout  gratitude  all  over 
Virginia,  and  opened  for  him  a  place  in  the  hearts 
of  hi.s  people  from  which  nothing  could  remove 
him.  He  mounted  the  first  round  of  the  ladder  of 
success,  which  subsequent  pastors  have  so  nobly 
ascended,  and  though  he  has  long  since  rested 
from  his  labors  his  memory  is  still  precious. 


le.  |, 


joined  Puncheon  Camp  church.  He  shortly  after- 
wards was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He  lived  on 
one  side  of  a  mountain  and  a  good  physician  on  the 
other.  When  he  came  near  Mr.  Robertson  he  fre- 
quently left  the  medicine  and  prescription  for  him 
to  give.  He  knew  something  of  law  and  medi- 
cine. In  1839  he  i-eturned  to  Kockinghaui  Co.. 
N.  C,  and  was  for  years  a  missionary  in  the  Beu- 
lah  Association.  He  built  up  many  churches  and 
accomplished  an  immense  amount  of  good.  He 
was  a  splendid  debater.  He  studied  his  library 
well,  and  always  had  arguments  at  command.  He 
died  in  Surry  Co.,  N.  C  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

Roe,  Col.  Edward  R.,  M.D.,  was  born  at 
Lebanon,  0.,  •June  22,  1>Lj.  His  father  was  a 
lawyer,  but  abandoned  the  profession  and  became 
a  Swedenborgian  clergyman  of  considerable  note 
in  Ohio.  His  education  was  chiefly  obtained  in 
the  public  schools.     He  graduated  with  the  degree 


ROTALL 


1310J 


SANDS 


of  M.D.  at  Louisville,  Ky.  lie  had  great  attain- 
ments in  natural  sciences.  For  ten  years  he  was 
editor  of  The  Allieneum,  of  Indiana ;  The  Journal, 
The  Cnnstitittionalist,  The  Illinois  Baptist,  The 
Statesman,  and  The  Bloomington  I'aniafpaph,  of 
Illini)is.  He  published  a  volume  entitled  '"God 
and  Man  by  the  Light  of  Nature,''  nearly  the 
whole  edition  of  which  was  destroyed  by  the  great 
Chicago  fire.  lie  also  published  "  Elbib,"'  show- 
ing the  harmony  of  the  Bible  with  the  true  teach- 
ing of  nature.  He  is  the  author  of  many  maga- 
zine articles  on  scientific  snlijccts.  In  18.50  he 
delivered  a  course  of  lectures  at  Shurtleff  College, 
Illinois.  He  was  appointed  lecturer  on  chemistry 
and  physiology  in  the  Normal  University  of  Illi- 
nois, and  he  also  filled  the  professorship  of  physi- 
ology in  the  Medical  College  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  has  delivered  many  popular  lectures  on  various 
subjects.  When  in  1861  a  regiment  of  infantry  was 
organized  in  the  Normal  University  (the  Normal 
Regiment,  No.  33)  he  was  commissioned  major, 
and  served  until  disabled  by  a  wound  before  Vicks- 
burg.  For  heroic  service  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  elected  clerk 
of  the  McLean  County  Courts,  and  also  served  as 
United  States  marshal  of  the  southern  district  of 
Illinois.  In  early  life  he  had  been  skeptical,  but  in 
1840  ho  was  converted,  and  he  was  baptized  in 
White  River,  Indiana.  He  is  about  to  bring  out  a 
work  entitled  '"  Life  and  its  Manifestations."  His 
friends  who  have  read  some  of  its  chapters  are  im- 
pre.ssed  with  its  ability  to  overthrow  the  fake 
theories  of  modern  unbelieving  scientists. 

Royall,  Rev.  WiUiam  Bailey,  son  of  Ilev. 
William  Royall,  D.D.,  was  liorn  in  Charleston,  S.  C, 
Sept.  2,  184-1,  professed  faith  in  Christ  at  the  age 
of  thirteen,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Richard 
Furman,  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  entered  Furman  Uni- 
versity, and  nearly  finished  the  course  there,  but 
took  his  degree  of  A.B.  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1861,  with  which  institution  his  father  had  lately 
become  connected. 

He  served  four  years  in  the  army  during  the  late 
war,  first  in  the  Santee  Artillery,  and  afterwards 
as  a  member  of  the  Fifty-fifth  North  Carolina 
Regiment. 

He  became  tutor  in  Wake  Forest  College  in  1866, 
and  Professor  of  Greek  in  1S70.  He  was  ordained 
in  1869,  Drs.  W.  M.  AVingate,  W.  T.  AValters,  AV. 
T.  Brooks,  and  AV.  Royall  constituting  the  Presby- 
tery. He  has  served  the  churches  of  Louisburg, 
Youngsville,  and  Forestville  as  pastor.  He  has 
the  reputation  of  being  an  excellent  teacher  and 
preacher,  and  his  genial  manners  and  gentle  dis- 
position endear  him  to  all  who  know  him. 

Sands,  William,  the  founder  of  the  Religious 
Uetald,  was  born  in  England  in  1793,  and  died  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  Aug.  30,  1868. 


He  was  a  printer  by  trade,  and  came  to  America 
in  1818.  For  some  time  he  was  employed  on  the 
National  Intelligencer,  in  AA^ashington.  Afterwards 
he  removed  to  Baltimore,  and  became  proof-reader 
in  the  printing  establishment  of  John  1).  Toy. 

Soon  after  he  went  to  Baltimore  he  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church  by  the  Rev. 
E.  J.  Reis,  but  subsequently  ho  joined  the  .Second 
church. 

In  December,  1827,  he  was  induced  by  Deacon 
William  Crane  to  remove  to  Richmond,  and  under- 
take the  establishment  of  a  A''irginia  Baptist  paper, 
which  was  greatly  needed. 

Accordingly  he  issued  on  the  llth  of  January, 
1828,  the  first  number  of  the  Religious  Herald. 
Deacon  Crane  furnished  the  money  and  credit  ne- 
cessary to  buy  .an  outfit  and  start  the  paper.  Rev. 
Henry  Keeling  was  for  a  time  the  editor,  and  Mr. 
Sands  was  general  manager,  proof-reader,  etc.  In 
the  course  of  several  years  Mr.  Keeling  retired, 
and  Mr.  Sands  became  sole  editor  and  proprietor. 

It  is  impossible  to  realize  the  difficulties  which 
beset  Mr.  Sands  in  establishing  his  paper;  and  yet, 
by  patient  industry,  rigid  economy,  and  skillful 
management,  he  overcame  the  obstacles  in  his  way. 
paid  back  every  borrowed  dollar,  and  made  the 
Religious  Herald  a  power  in  the  land,  and  for 
thirty-seven  years  wielded  an  influence  which  won 
for  him  the  fitting  title  of  "  Nestor  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Press." 

In  18.57  he  associated  with  him  in  the  editorial 
conduct  of  the  paper  Rev.  David  Shaver,  D.D., 
whose  scholarship  and  signal  ability  enriched  its 
columns  and  made  the  Herald  of"  Sands  <fe  Shaver" 
the  peer  of  any  religious  jiaper  in  the  land. 

The  writer  of  this  sketch  had  the  privilege  not 
long  since  of  looking  through  a  file  of  the  Religious 
Herald  while  Sands  &  Shaver  conducted  it,  and  he 
has  been  greatly  struck  not  only  with  the  ability 
and  real  value  of  the  editorials,  but  by  the  evan- 
gelical, devout,  and  conservative  spirit  which  runs 
through  them.  The  issue  of  the  Herald  for  that 
memorable  week  in  April,  1861,  which  witnessed 
the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter,  the  secession  of  A'irginia, 
and  the  beginning  of  the  great  "  war  between  the 
States,''  contains  not  the  slightest  editorial  allusion 
to  these  stirring  events,  and  only  the  briefest  men- 
tion in  the  column  of  "secular  news." 

And  the  editorials  of  the  Herald  daring  the  war 
will  be  searched  in  vain  for  any  bitter  denuncia- 
tion of  the  North. 

On  the  death  of  Mr.  Sands,  Dr.  Jeter  thus  spoke 
of  him  in  an  editorial  in  the  Religious  Herald ; 

"  As  an  editor  he  was  remarkable  not  for  the  bril- 
liancy of  his  thoughts,  or  the  elegance  of  his  style, 
but  for  the  soundness  of  his  judgment,  the  wisdom 
of  his  counsels,  the  conservatism  of  his  views,  and 
the  kindness  of  his  spirit.     Others  might  sow  the 


SANBS 


1310k 


SPENCER 


seeds  of  discord,  his  aim  was  to  heal  dissensions 
and  pronintc  brotliorly  love.  Ho  was  a  sound  and 
earnest  but  not  a  bifjotcd  and  intolerant  Baptist, 
lie  duly  appreciated  piety  and  jrood  works  in  all 
communions.  He  was  well  instructed  in  Baptist 
history,  principles,  and  discipline,  and  was  fre- 
qiiontly  consulted  by  individuals  and  churches  on 
questions  of  faith  and  practice,  and  his  answers 
were  freely  given  and  generally  satisfactory.  He 
prided  himself  on  the  accuracy  of  his  historical, 
and  especially  his  statistical,  knowledge.  His  head 
was  an  encyclopaedia.  Facts,  dates,  numbers,  were 
at  his  tongue's  end.  and  his  memory  was  rarely  at 
fault  concerning  them.  In  all  our  denominational 
enterprises  he  felt  a  lively  interest,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  Sunday-schools,  missions,  education, 
temperance;  in  short,  every  good  cause  found  in 
him  an  earnest  and  consistent  advocate." 

On  the  3d  day  of  April,  lISG.i,  the  office  and  fi.x- 
tures  of  the  Religious  Herald  were  consumed  in 
the  great  conflagration  which  destroyed  the  heart 
of  the  business  portion  of  Richmond. 

Sands  &  Shaver  were  never  able  to  resume  pub- 
lication, and  finally  sold  their  "  good-will"  to  Jeter 
&  Dickinson.  Mr.  Sands's  editorial  career  thus 
closed  in  the  flames  which  lighted  the  way  for  the 
retreating  Confedei-ates  and  the  victorious  Federals 
at  the  close  of  the  memorable  siege  of  Richmond. 

But  his  influence  still  lives,  and  shall  go  on  for 
ever.  We  justly  honor  the  Virginia  Baptist  heroes 
who  in  the  last  century,  from  the  grated  windows 
of  their  prisons,  preached  to  the  throngs  who  gath- 
ered to  hear  them.  We  speak  the  praises  of  our 
eloquent  preachers  and  earnest  workers  of  later 
days,  our  Broadduses,  Seraple,  Kerr,  Taylor,  Jeter, 
Poindexter,  Witt,  Ryland,  Howell,  and  other  wor- 
thies, who  laid  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of 
our  Baptist  prosperity  in  Virginia.  But  at  least 
equal  honor  is  due  to  this  quiet,  patient,  zealous 
worker,  who  for  thirty-seven  years  sent  into  the 
homes  of  the  people  a  messenger  giving  no  uncer- 
tain .sound,  but  ever  pleading  for  "the  old  paths" 
of  righteousness,  and  urging  the  hosts  of  the  Lord 
to  be  "  ready  continually  unto  every  good  word  and 
work." 

For  forty  years  Mr.  Sands  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Richmond  ;  punc- 
tual in  his  attendance,  liberal  in  his  contributions, 
and  wise  in  his  counsels.  His  health  had  been 
feeble  for  some  time,  but  he  passed  suddenly  away 
at  last.  As  he  was  caressing  one  of  his  grand- 
children he  sank  back  on  the  sofa  and  expired.  At 
the  last  meeting  of  the  Dover  Association  which  he 
attended  he  was  elected  moderator,  and  in  an  ap- 
propriate valedictory  address  said,  with  a  good  deal 
of  emotion,  "I  shall  never  meet  my  brethren  again 
on  earth."  And  so  it  proved.  His  work  was  done. 
and  iiolilv  done. 


Smith,  Henry  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Smith- 
tuwn,  L.  I..  May  '.I.  1.S2S.  of  Presbyterian  parents. 
He  was  early  converted  to  Baptist  views,  and  bap- 
tized into  the  fellowship  of  the  Cannon  Street 
c^hurch,  New  York,  Feb.  19,  1843.  He  was  fitted 
for  college  in  the  academical  department  at  Hamil- 
ton, and  was  graduated  from  the  Now  York  Uni- 
versity. He  was  licensed  to  preach  when  under 
twenty  years  of  age  by  the  Central  church  of 
Brooklyn.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  at  Hastings  on  the  Hudson,  April 
24,  1851.  He  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Banksville,  Conn.,  Jan.  1,  18.H.  He 
began  his  pastorate  of  the  First  BIoomReld  church. 
New  Jersey,  Oct.  1,  ISyS.  Here  he  gave  more  than 
ten  years  of  efficient  pulpit  and  pastoral  work.  He 
was  called  from  this  place  to  fill  the  pulpit  of  the 
large  and  important  First  New  Brunswick  church, 
made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  Riddell.  He 
commenced  his  work  here  A]iril  1,  1869.  The 
years  since  have  been  years  of  constant  growth. 
During  his  pastorate  two  large  and  flourishing 
churches  have  been  organized  from  the  member- 
ship of  the  First  church.  The  benevolent  contri- 
butions of  these  years  have  been  over  S130.000. 
Dr.  Smith  is  a  faithful  and  tender-hearted  pastor, 
an  effective  pulpit  speaker,  and  eminently  Scrip- 
tural in  matter.  He  is  a  close  student  of  God's 
word  in  the  original  tongues,  a  man  of  wide  read- 
ing, and  a  frequent  contributor  to  current  litera- 
ture. 

His  labors  have  extended  beyond  his  own  parish. 
From  1865  to  1879  he  was  secretary  of  the  State 
Convention,  performing  a  large  amount  of  work  in 
building  up  the  feeble  churches  of  New  Jersey. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Missionary  Union,  also  a  trustee  of  Peddle  Insti- 
tute. Lewisbui'g  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1879.  No  man 
has  had  more  to  do  in  the  development  and  mould- 
ing of  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  State  in  the  last 
twenty  years  than  Dr.  Smith. 

Spencer,  J.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Allen  Co., 
Ky.,  Sept.  9,  1826.  He  was  lirought  up  on  a 
farm.  From  a  child  he  was  fond  of  solitude,  and 
spent  most  of  his  Sabbaths  and  holidays  wander- 
ing in  "  the  dim  old  forests,"  among  the  rocky  cliffs 
and  along  the  clear  mountain  streams,  feeling 
need  of  no  other  company  than  that  of  twenty- 
three  children  (of  which  he  was  the  third)  born  to 
William  Spencer,  and  two  orphans  and  three  step- 
children raised  by  that  devoted  Christian  father 
and  philanthropist.  He  taught  school  to  acquire 
the  means  of  attending  college.  He  professed  con- 
version, and  united  with  Hopewell  Baptist  church, 
near  his  birthplace,  Jan.  20,  1849.  He  had  selected 
the  law  for  his  profession,  and  purchased  a  SUnall 
library  of  standard  works,  preparatory  to  entering 


SPENCER 


1310i 


THOMAS 


a  law-sdiool.  These  books  he  read  carefully- 
Meanwhile  he  joined  a  debating  society,  in  which 
he  disclosed  some  talent  for  speaking.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  the  spring  of  1853,  and  or. 


J.    n.    SPEXCER,   D.I). 

dained  by  the  venerable  Thomas  Scrivenor  and 
others  May  6,  1S.54.  Soon  afterwards  he  entered 
Bethel  College  at  Russellville,  Ky..  having  preached 
as  often  as  convenient  from  the  time  he  was  li- 
censed. He  usually  preached  Saturdays  and  Sun- 
days while  attending  college.  He  was  compelled 
to  leave  school  before  the  close  of  his  junior  year 
on  account  of  failing  health.  He  was  immediately 
employed  by  some  liberal  brethren  as  missionary 
of  Bays'  Fork  Association,  in  his  native  county. 
His  labors  were  much  blessed.  In  October,  1857, 
he  took  pastoi'al  charge  of  the  church  at  Clover- 
port,  Ky.  In  1800  he  resigned  this  position  to 
accept  that  of  missionary  of  Nelson  Association. 
Sept.  15,  1861,  he  settled  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ky.  In 
October,  1862,  he  took  pastoral  charge  of  the  church 
at  Henderson,  Ky.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1863. 
being  satisfied  that  he  was  not  qualified  for  the  pas- 
toral office,  he  resigned  it  to  become  missionary  of 
Long  Run  Association,  which  includes  the  churches 
of  Louisville,  Ky.  After  occupying  this  position 
a  year,  he  was  employed  by  the  board  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  as  evangelist  for  the  State  at  large 
for  several  years,  since  which  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  work  of  an  evangelist  on  his  own  pecuniary 
responsibility,  principally  in  the  central  part  of 
Kentucky.  He  has  labored  in  this  work  almost 
continually  down  to  the  present  time,  preaching 
one  year  573  sermons,  avei'aging  an  hour  in  length. 


He  has  witne.ssed  the  reception  into  the  churches 
of  nearly  4000  per.sons. 

In  early  life  he  became  interested  on  the  subject 
of  politics,  made  a  few  speeches,  and  wrote  for  sev- 
eral political  papers,  but  coming  to  the  conclusion 
that  this  course  was  incompatible  with  the  guspel 
ministry,  which  he  then  had  in  view,  he  abandoned 
politics  altogether.  While  in  the  pastoral  ofiice  he 
wrote  many  pieces  on  various  literary  subjects,  and 
a  number  of  short  poems,  some  grave  and  others 
humorous.  In  1863  he  published  a  small  pam- 
phlet on  the  Action  of  Baptism.  In  1806  he  pub- 
lished the  Life  of  'I'homas  -I.  Fisher,  the  celebrated 
pulpit  orator,  in  a  small  volume  of  208  pages.  He 
has  nearly  ready  for  the  press  the  "  History  of  the 
llise  and  Progress  of  the  Baptists  on  the  American 
Continent,  with  especial  Reference  to  their  Strug- 
gles for  Religious  Liberty."  He  was  the  principal 
Kentucky  contributor  to  Cathcart's  "  Baptist  Ency- 
■  elopsedia."  He  is  also  engaged  in  writing  a  history 
;  of  the  Kentucky  Baptists.  These  and  various  arti- 
I  cles  and  sermons  published  in  the  religious  period- 
I  icals,  have  all  been  the  work  of  brief  periods  of 
\  time  snatched  from  the  arduous  labors  of  an  itin- 
erant evangelist.  His  present  residence  is  Pleasure 
Ridge  Park,  Jefferson  Co.,  Ky.  Dr.  Spencer  en- 
joys the  confidence  and  love  of  throngs  of  admiring 
friends,  who  honor  him  for  his  successful  work  and 
great  worth. 

Thomas,  Archibald,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Caro- 
line Co..  V;i.,  March  ;2S.  ITlMi.  When  compara- 
tively young  he  removed  to  Richmond,  and  entered 
upon  an  active  and  successful  business  cai-eer.  In 
the  year  1826  he  was  led  to  a  full  acceptance  of 
Christ  as  his  personal  Saviour.  Reared  under 
Pedobaptist  teachings,  he  was  inclined  to  unite 
with  "the  church  of  his  fathers,''  and  strong  in- 
fluences were  now  used  to  effect  this  object,  but 
an  earnest  study  of  the  New  Testament  convinced 
hira  that  the  Baptists  were  right,  and  while  he  was 
arranging  to  follow  the  Saviour  his  devoted  wife 
found  Jesus,  and  promptly  decided  to  be  baptized. 
He  determined  to  wait  a  while,  but  on- his  way  to 
the  river  where  she  and  others  were  to  be  immersed, 
he  was  so  overwhelmed  witli  a  conviction  of  the  im- 
propriety of  delay  that  he  offered  himself  to  the 
church,  was  received  at  the  water's  edge,  and  bap- 
tized by  Rev.  John  Kerr,  then  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  and  "  went  on  his  way  rejoicing." 
From  that  day  he  was  a  rigid  adherent  of  the  pe- 
culiar tenets  which  separate  Baptists  from  others, 
and  while  always  charitable,  he  was  ever  decided 
in  maintaining  and  propagating  his  Baptist  prin- 
ciples. 

In  February,  1827,  he  was  made  a  deacon,  and 
"  used  well"  the  office  up  to  the  day  of  his  death. 
Intelligent,  zealous,  punctual,  devout,  liberal,  and 
firm,  he  loved  the  "old  First  church''   with  rare 


THOMAS 


1310m 


THOMAS 


devotion,  and  was  ever  found  at  tho  post  of  duty, 
whether  in  the  Sunday-school,  the  prayei--nieetin;j;, 
the  cliurch  conference,  or  the  more  puiilic  services 
of  the  sanctuary.     He  was  a  rigid  disciplinarian. 

He  was  deeply  interested  in  benevolent  objects, 
and  especially  in  foreign  missions.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  from  its  organization, 
and  down  to  a  short  period  before  his  death  he 
was  its  efficient  treasurer,  giving  to  it  gratuitous 
labors  which  were  worth  thou.sanda  of  dollars. 
Not  content  with  mere  official  duty,  he  would  fre- 
r|uently  write  the  missionaries  affectionate  and 
wise  letters.  Returned  missionaries  always  found 
beneath  his  roof  a  warm  welcome. 

As  a  citizen  and  an  active  business  man,  Mr. 
Thomas  was  honored  and  respected  by  all  who 
knew  him.  As  a  husband,  father,  and  friend,  he 
was  ever  aft'ectionate  and  true,  and  his  home  was 
not  only  adorned  witli  all  that  wealth  and  taste 
could  afford,  but  culture  and  piety  reigned  there. 

He  was  "  given  to  hospitality,"  and  never  seemed 
happier  than  when  his  spacious  mansion  was  filled 
with  guests,  and  especially  with  ministers,  in 
whose  society  he  took  peculiar  delight. 

Tlie  saintly  Dr.  James  B.  Taylor,  who  knew  him 
intimately,  said  of  him.  "  Brother  Thomas  was  a 
decided,  reliable  friend.  In  his  statements  he  was 
frank  and  outspoken,  and  while  he  might  some- 
times appear  unduly  blunt  in  his  reproofs,  all  who 
knew  him  saw  beneath  an  apparently  blunt  man- 
ner a  warm,  affectionate  heart." 

He  had  been  in  failing  health  for  some  time,  but 
his  summons  was  sudden.  Soon  after  retiring  to 
rest  on  the  night  of  May  1,  1861,  the  quick  ear  of 
his  devoted  wife  detected  sounds  of  labored  breath- 
ing, but  before  help  could  be  summoned  he  had 
quietly  fallen  "asleep  in  Jesus."  When  loving 
friends  bore  him  to  the  tomb  a  sad  vacancy  was 
left  in  his  church,  his  home,  the  community,  and 
among  the  Baptists  of  Virginia.  His  memory  will 
long  be  precious  among  those  who  knew  him. 

Thomas,  James,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Caroline  Co.. 
Va.,  in  ISUIi.  He,  though  not  a  college  graduate, 
has  a  fine  education,  secured  from  early  training, 
e.Ktensivo  reading,  the  societ}'  of  cultured  persons, 
and  the  constant  exertions  of  a  powerful  and  inquir- 
ing mind,  so  that  he  has  a  marked  place  among  the 
well-informed  business  men  of  Richmond  and  Vir- 
ginia. One  would  infer  from  his  pure  English,  ex- 
tensive information,  and  fine  conversational  powers 
that  he  was  a  collego-bred  man. 

Mr.  Thomas's  business  career  has  been  one  of 
indomitable  energy,  high  intelligence,  skillful  man- 
agement, strict  integrity,  and  splendid  success. 

Beginning  business  in  Lynchburg,  Va.,  he  speed- 
ily found  it  necessary  to  select  a  wider  field  for 
the  exercise  of  his  financial    ability,  and  accord- 


ingly he  removed  to  Richmond,  where  he  soon  be- 
came the  leading  manufacturer  in  his  business  in 
the  worhl.  and  introduced  his  numerous  brands  not 
only  all  over  America  but  in  Europe  and  elsewhere. 

Mr.  Thomas's  factories,  which  were  then  the  most 
complete  in  existence,  were  destroyed  by  fire  in 
July,  18.53,  but  were  promptly  rebuilt.  His  losses 
during  the  Confederate  occupancy  and  evacuation  of 
Richmond  (by  the  destruction  of  his  buildings  and 
the  derangement  of  his  business)  were  estimated 
at  from  seven  to  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars: 
but  he  went  on  his  career  of  energy  and  success, 
in  no  wise  disheartened  by  these  .serious  reverses. 

Mr.  Thomas,  if  he  had  entered  the  legal  pro- 
fession or  politics,  would  have  risen  to  great  dis- 
tinction. With  almost  intuitive  knowledge  of  men 
and  rare  powers  of  perception,  he  combines  keen 
analysis,  rapid  gener.alization,  discriminating  logic, 
and  the  force  of  character  which  secure  distinction 
and  success  in  statesmanship  and  jurisprudence. 
As  a  financier  he  would  have  taken  rank  with  the 
best  in  the  land. 

As  a  Christian  and  a  Baptist  Mr.  Thomas  has 
won  for  himself  a  "good  degree"  in  connection 
with  the  old  First  Baptist  church,  into  whose  fel- 
lowship he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  .John  Kerr. 
Always  an  active  church  member,  punctual  in  his 
attendance  on  tlie  services  of  the  church  and  at 
its  business  meetings,  a  libei'al  contributor  to  its 
support,  a  wise  counselor,  and  an  active  helper  in 
all  of  its  efforts,  5Ir.  Thomas  has  been  especially 
a  promoter  of  peace  and  harmony,  and  has  fre- 
quently prevented  serious  alienations  by  his  judi- 
cious personal  efforts.  Besides  generous  pecuniary 
support,  his  pastors  have  always  found  in  him  a 
wise  counselor,  a  sympathizing  friend,  and  a  con- 
stant, never-foiling  upholder.  It  is  delightful  to 
watch  him  as  he  drinks  in  the  gospel,  whetlier 
from  the  logical  .Jeter,  the  impassioned  Burrows, 
the  devout  Warren,  or  the  eloquent  Hawthorne, 
and  it  is  a  privilege  to  talk  with  him  in  private, 
and  find  the  hold  which  the  "  doctrines  of  grace" 
have  on  his  mind  and  his  heart.  He  is  a  diligent 
student  of  the  Bible,  and  fond  of  conversing  with 
those  competent  to  throw  liglit  on  the  meaning  of 
passages  of  .Scripture.  For  years  before  an  efficient 
teacher,  in  1847  he  succeeded  James  C.  Crane  as 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  filled  the 
office  until  1866  with  marked  ability  and  success, 
tho  school  enjoying  during  his  superintendency  the 
highest  degree  of  prosperity  it  has  ever  known. 
As  a  superintendent  he  was  enthusiastic,  patient, 
sagacious,  progressive,  firm,  liberal,  watchful  of 
youthful  talent,  and  in  full  sympathy  with  the 
young.  On  the  very  day,  at  the  very  hour  his  fac- 
tories were  in  flames  he  attended  and  supervised  a 
Sunday-school  picnic,  saying  that  he  had  "given 
his  word  "  to  the  children  and  would  not  forfeit  it 


THOMAS 


1310N 


THOMAS 


on  account  of  the  fire.  He  was  almost  the  first  in 
the  South  to  introduce  the  improved  and  more  at- 
tractive music  into  his  Sunday-school,  and  when 
ill  health  compelled  him  reluctantly  to  yield  his 
office  the  school  numbered  over  700,  having  grown 
under  his  skillful  nianajienient  from  250  pupils. 

Education  has  had  in  Mr.  Thomas  a  warm  friend 
and  liberal  supporter.  The  Richmond  Female 
Institute  was  founded  largely  through  his  exer- 
tions and  aid.  Richmond  College  is  indebted  to 
him  more  than  to  any  other  man  for  its  great  use- 
fulness, lie  is  the  oldest  living  trustee,  presides 
over  the  board,  has  endowed  a  professor.sliip,  which 
bears  his  name,  and  in  all  its  struggles  has  been  a 
cheerful  and  munificent  contributor  to  the  college. 
The  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  its 
chequered  career  has  never  appealed  to  him  in 
vain.  A  score  of  young  men  and  women  have 
been  educated  through  his  unknown  benefactions. 
Many  young  preachers  have  had  hours  of  gloom 
cheered  and  brightened  by  his  timely  help.  His 
private  gifts,  unrecorded  and  often  unsuspected, 
are  like  a  perennial  stream.  The  poor  of  his 
church  have  rested  heavily  on  his  heart,  and  the 
injunction  to  remember  them  has  not  been  forgotten 
in  creed  or  in  practice. 

It  is  in  the  home  circle  that  Mr.  Thomas  appears 
probably  to  the  greatest  advantage,  as  his  domestic 
attachments  are  unusually  strong.  His  house  for 
years  has  been  renowned  for  '"  old  A'irginia  hospi- 
tality," and  thousands  have  found  under  his  roof 
genial  cheer  and  cordial  welcome.  Ilis  large  fam- 
ily, consisting  for  many  years  of  one  son,  Wm. 
D.  Thomas,  D.D.,  and  seven  accomplished  daugh- 
ters, is  the  model  of  a  happy  home  circle,  where 
parents  and  children  and  grandchildren  live  in  the 
fellowship  and  unreserve  of  mutual  confidence  and 
unbroken  love.  It  is  due  to  truth  and  justice  to 
add  that  much  of  this  harmony  and  affection  is  to 
be  ascribed  to  the  pious,  discreet,  unselfish,  loving 
wife,  the  daughter  of  Deacon  Richard  Northam, 
who  has  walked  by  his  side  as  companion  and 
friend  for  forty  years,  and  who  has  been  a  strong 
but  quiet  and  beneficent  force  in  the  life  of  this 
successful  and  useful  man. 

Thomas,  William  D.,  D.D.,  son  of  James 
Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Richmond,  was  born  in  Caroline 
Co..  Ya.,  in  1833. 

Prepared  for  college  at  good  schools  in  Richmond, 
he  was  always  a  diligent  student,  entered  Richmond 
College  well  advanced,  and  gr.aduated  with  high 
distinction.  From  it  he  went  to  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and,  after  diligent  study,  won  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts,  which  has  been  regarded  as  the 
highest  evidence  of  real  scholarship  conferred  by 
any  college  in  the  country.  He  w.is  pronounced 
by  his  professors  one  of  the  best  graduates  they 
had  ever  sent  out. 


Reared  by  pious  parents  and  in  the  efficient  Sun- 
d.ay -school  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Richmond, 
Dr.  Thomas  had  e.arly  religious  impressions,  and 
during  a  great  revival  in  which  Dr.  Richard  Fuller 
assisted  the  pastor,  Dr.  Jeter,  he  was  converted. 
Owing  to  the  sickness  of  Dr.  Jeter,  he  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Fuller.  Coming  into  the  kingdom  under 
the  impress  of  two  such  men  as  Jeter  and  Fuller, 
having  the  guidance  of  pious  f?iends,  and  having 
both  at  Richmond  College  and  the  University  of 
Virginia  the  best  influences  thrown  around  him,  he 
was  a  consistent  Cliristian.  and  had  from  time  to 
time  serious  convictions  in  reference  to  entering  the 
gospel  ministry. 

After  leaving  the  university  he  read  law  for  a  year 
with  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Richmond,  but  at  the  ex- 
piration of  that  time  he  decided  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  preach,  and  promptly  laid  aside  hjs  law  books. 

Soon  afterwards  he  was  ordained,  and  became 
pastor  of  Mount  C.irmel  church,  Caroline  Co., 
where  he  at  once  won  a  reputation  as  a  preacher 
and  a  warm  place  in  the  affections  of  his  people. 

In  October,  1857,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  chui-eh 
at  Warrenton,  Va.,  in  which  he  labored  until  the 
spring  of  1S62,  when  the  tide  of  war  rolled  over 
his  home  ;  his  church  was  taken  for  a  hospital,  and 
he  retired  inside  the  Confederate  lines. 

While  in  Warrenton  he  was  also  for  a  time  pas- 
tor of  Broad  Run  church,  in  Fauquier,  and  Blue 
Run,  in  Orange  County. 

Dr,  Thomas's  pastorate  in  Warrenton  was  very 
useful  in  adding  to  the  numbers  and  efficiency  of 
the  church,  in  building  a  new  and  beautiful  house 
of  worship,  in  establishing  a  flourishing  female 
institute,  and  in  generally  building  up  the  cause 
thi'oughout  that  region. 

In  1864  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at 
Greenville,  S.  C,  the  then  location  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and  remained  in 
this  pastorate  until  October,  1871,  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Freemason  Street  church,  Norfolk. 
Having  in  his  congregation  at  Greenville  the  pi-o- 
fessors  and  students  of  the  seminary,  and  of  Fur- 
man  University,  Dr.  Thomas  preached  to  one  of  the 
most  cultivated  congregations  in  the  country,  and 
yet  he  so  fully  met  the  demand  upon  him,  that  Dr. 
John  A.  Broadus  fitly  voiced  the  general  sentiment 
when  he  said,  in  a  recent  editorial  in  the  Religious 
Herald.  ''I  sat  under  Dr.  Thomas's  ministry  for 
seven  years,  and  should  be  more  than  delighted  if 
I  could  enjoy  that  privilege  for  seven  years  more.'' 

From  October,  1871,  to  August,  1881,  Dr. 
Thomas  served  the  church  in  Norfolk  with  an  un- 
tiring industry  and  zeal,  a  wise  discretion,  and  a 
marked  ability,  which  left  his  impress  on  the 
church  and  the  community,  and  caused  deep  grief 
when,  in  August,  1881,  he  resigned  to  accept  a 
professorship  in  Richmond  College, 


TURPIN 


1310o 


WHITING 


Taken  as  a  whole,  Dr.  Thomas's  pastorate  in 
Norfolk  was  one  of  the  most  successful  known  in 
Virginia,  nut  simply  in  bringing  members  into  the 
church,  but  in  training  them  for  efliciency  in  every 
department  of  churcli  work.  Indeed,  each  of  his 
pastorates  has  been  successful,  and  he  has  always 
been  able  to  win  the  warm  affection  as  well  as  the 
enthusiastic  admiration  of  his  people.  Dr.  Thomas 
is  regarded  by  colBpetent  judges  as  an  able,  clear, 
and  powerful  preacher  of  the  gospel.  As  a  plat- 
form speaker  he  is  very  effective,  as  a  debater  he 
has  few  equals,  and  is  considered  fully  able  to  sus- 
tain himself  against  all  competitors. 

Earnest  in  his  manner,  clear  as  a  sunbeam  in  his 
statemcnt.s,  closely  logical  in  his  arguments,  cour- 
teous to  his  opponents,  yet  incisive  in  his  rejoin- 
ders, Dr.  Thomas's  points  are  always  well  taken, 
and  maintained  with  the  skill  of  a  trained  polemic 
and  the  power  of  a  great  thinker,  and  those  who 
have  witnessed  his  debates  with  such  men  as  Drs. 
Jeter  and  Poindexter,  Governor  Jos.  K.  Brown,  and 
others  of  our  "giants,"  have,  without  liesitation, 
placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  our  debaters. 

lie  was  unanimously  elected  to  the  chair  he  now 
fills  in  Richmond  College,  because  the  trustees  sa\f 
in  his  native  intellect,  fine  attainments,  studio'us 
habits,  and  high  character  just  the  qu.alities  needed, 
and  the  several  months  he  has  been  in  the  profes- 
sorship have  shown  him  to  be  a  fine  lecturer  and 
an  admirable  teacher. 

Reared  in  affluence.  Dr.  Thomas  has  never  spared 
himself,  but  by  his  constant  hard  work  has  richly 
merited  the  place  he  has  secured  among  our  accom- 
plished scholars  and  able  preachers. 

Turpin,  Eev.  John  Broadns,  was  bom  in 
Henrico  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  28,  1848,  and  reared  in 
Richmond,  whither  his  parents  removed  soon  after 
his  birth. 

He  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a  refined  Christian 
home,  had  early  religious  impressions,  and  in  the 
autumn  of  1863  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Leigh  Street  Baptist  church  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  B.  Solomon.  In  October,  1867,  he  entered  Rich- 
mond College,  where  he  was  a  successful  student, 
graduating  with  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  the  summer 
of  1870. 

In  October,  1S70,  he  entered  the  Law  School  of 
Richmond  College,  then  under  the  able  conduct  of 
Judge  Halyburton,  Wm.  Green,  LL.D.,  and  J.  L. 
M.  Curry,  LL.D.,  and  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
B.L.  in  the  summer  of  1S71.  He  was  at  once  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Richmond,  and  entered  enthu- 
siastically upon  his  chosen  profession  with  every 
prospect  of  finding  "  room  at  the  top.''  But  the 
Lord  called  him  into  the  gospel  ministry,  to  which 
he  was  ordained  at  Leigh  Street  church  in  June, 
1S73.  Soon  after  he  took  charge  of  the  Black 
Walnut  and   Halifax  Court-House   churches,  and 


has  since  devoted  his  whole  time  to  preaching  the 
gospel. 

On  Nov.  13,  1S73,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan 
Lamar  Curry  (only  daughter  of  Dr. -J.  L.  M.  Curry), 
whose  devoted  piety  and  untiring  zeal  won  for  her 
the  love  of  all  with  whom  she  came  in  contact,  and 
exerted  an  influence  in  promoting  the  success  of 
her  husband  which  cannot  be  measured.  This 
noble  Christian  woman  died  Jan.  7,  1S81. 

Mr.  Turpin  accepted  the  call  of  the  Warrenton 
church  in  January,  1879,  and  has  just  completed 
three  years  of  most  encouraging  work. 

"  As  a  preacher,  he  is  quiet  and  dignified  in 
manner,  studious  and  faithful  in  the  production  of 
his  sermons,  and  solemn  and  tender  in  his  delivery. 
He  has  gentleness  without  effeminacy,  humility 
combined  with  courage,  and  self-reliance  without 
conceit,  lie  is  steadily  growing,  and  will,  if  spared, 
be  richly  useful  in  the  ministry. 

"  Brother  Turpin  will  disappoint  many  expecta- 
tions if  he  does  not  become  one  of  our  most  effective 
men.  AVith  the  advantages  of  a  good  mind,  rich 
culture,  and  a  host  of  loving  friends  to  cheer  him 
on,  he  must  do  well.  The  gates  of  golden  opportu- 
nities are  open  before  him."  His  past  record  pre- 
dicts large  coming  successes. 

Wells,  Rev.  Richard,  was  bom  in  Richmond, 
Va..  Aug.  3,  1n27.  He  united  with  the  church  in 
1846,  and  commenced  to  preach  in  1861.  He  re- 
mained a  slave  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  be- 
came pastor  of  a  Baptist  church  in  Manchester, 
Va.,  in  August,  1865.  About  500  members  were 
added  to  this  church  during  a  pastorate  of  five 
years.  He  took  charge  of  the  Ebenezer  Baptist 
church,  Richmond,  in  1870.  This  church,  under 
his  judicious  leadership,  has  reached  a  membership 
of  over  1500.  For  a  while  Mr.  AVells  was  a  stu- 
dent of  the  Richmond  Institute.  He  is  a  good 
pastor,  a  hard  student,  an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a 
wise  an<l  trusted  leader. 

Whiting,  Rev.  Samuel  M.,  was  born  in  Sutton, 
Mass.,  -June  125,  1825,  graduated  from  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Hartford,  in  1846,  and  from  Newton  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  in  1850.  He  was  ordained  May8. 1850, 
in  the  First  Baptist  church,  Hartford,  and  was  mar- 
ried the  next  day  to  Miss  Mary  Elizabeth  Flint,  of 
that  city.  In  June  following  they  sailed  from 
Boston  for  Assam.  India,  as  missionaries  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and  arrived 
at  Gowahati.  .Vssam,  in  April,  1851. 

His  missionary  service  in  India  covers  a  period 
of  "a  little  over  ten  years,  a  decade  rendered  re- 
markable in  the  history  of  our  mission  by  the  en- 
largement of  missionary  operations  and  the  tri- 
umphs of  the  cross  over  the  powers  of  heathenism. 
Mr,  AVhiting  was  qualified  by  natural  endowments, 
culture,  learning,  piety,  and  zeal  to  enter  into  and 
help  forward  this  aggressive  work.     He  translated 


WIGBTMAN 


1310p 


WILLIAMS 


large  portions  of  the  Old  Testament  from  Hebrew 
into  Assamese,  a  work  which  reflects  great  credit 
upon  his  accurate  scholarship.  He  was  successful 
as  pastor  and  preacher,  as  teacher  and  translator, 
as  editor  and  financier,  provins  himself  equal  to 
all  these  high  trusts.  For  four  years  he  took 
charge  of  the  printing  establishment,  and  for  two 
years  he  had  the  whole  charge  of  the  mission  at 
Sibsagor. 

He  was  greatly  beloved  by  his  missionary  asso- 
ciates and  the  native  Christians,  and  trusted  and 
honored  by  the  executive  officers  of  the  American 
Baptist  Missionary  Union.  lie  did  a  great  work 
for  Assam,  and  left  behind  him  there  a  name  and  an 
influence  that  will  live  in  all  coming  time.  He  re- 
turned to  this  country  in  1861,  and  entered  at  once 
into  earnest  work  for  the  Master.  For  seven  years 
he  was  the  successful  pastor  of  the  church  in  Col- 
chester, Vt.  While  there  he  performed  a  large 
amount  of  varied  and  useful  work  in  the  Xew 
Hampton  Institute  at  Fairfax,  and  in  the  various 
religious  organizations  of  the  State.  He  was  very 
hichlv  esteemed  in  ministerial  circles  beyond  the 
Baptist  denomination,  and  was  pronounced  by  the 
best  judges  in  Vermont  the  foremost  Hebrew  scholar 
in  the  State.  He  w.is  as  modest  and  unassuming  as 
he  was  profound  in  scholarship. 

For  four  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  ancient  and 
venerable  church  in  Windsor,  Vt.  From  which 
he  was  called  to  Fair  Haven,  Conn.,  where  he 
found  the  church  without  a  house  of  worship. 
While  looking  faithfully  after  the  spiritual  inter- 
ests of  the  people,  he  succeeded  in  erecting  their 
present  beautiful  church  edifice  on  Grand  Street. 
The  spiritual  interests  of  the  church  were  also 
greatly  built  up  under  his  ministry. 

In  the  midst  of  these  abundant  labors  his  health 
gave  way.  and  he  was  forced  to  retire  from  the 
active  ministry  of  the  Word.  He  removed  to  New 
Haven,  an  invalid  in  steadily  failing  health,  where 
he  died  Feb.  21,  1878. 

He  was  a  devoted  Christian  and  a  most  faithful 
minister.  His  memory  is  fragrant  in  the  recol- 
lection of  thousands. 

Wightman,  Eev.  Jesse,  son  of  Rev.  Timothy 
Wightman.  of  Groton.  Conn.,  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  West  Springfield, 
located  at  Agawam.  .Sept.  28,  1790.  The  church, 
consisting  of  eleven  members,  was  organized  in 
June  of  the  same  year.  He  held  the  pastoral  office 
up  to  the  day  of  bis  death,  which  occurred  .Sept. 
20,  1817,  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years.  He  was 
a  man  of  great  personal  worth  and  distinguished 
usefulness.  The  sweet  savor  of  his  name  still 
lingers  (1S44)  among  the  descendants  of  his  former 
ch.arge. 

Williams,  Rev.  W.  B.,  was  born  Feb.  12, 1843,  in 
Halifax  Co..  Va.    He  studied  theology  at  the  South- 


ern Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and  afterwards  at 
Crozer,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  useful  pastors  in 
Virginia.  As  an  evangelist  and  as  an  active  worker 
in  enterprises  of  general  benevolence,  he  is  honored 
far  and  wide.  Full  of  wisdom,  and  firmly  adhering 
in  practice  as  well  as  in  theory  to  the  doctrine  of 
the  final  perseverance  of  the  saints.  Mr.  Williams 
inspires  jny  and  hope  in  many  hearts. 

Williams,  Rev.  Wm.  Harrfcon,  is  a  native  of 
Richmond.  Va.  .\t  an  early  age  he  made  a  profes- 
sion of  religion,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  B.  Manly, 
.Jr..  and  received  into  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Richmond,  in  March,  18.54.  While  a  student  of 
Richmond  College  he  received.  April  25,  1858.  a 
license  to  pre.ich  the  gospel.  He  graduated  in  July, 
1861,  with  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.     With  a 


REV.   WM.    M.^RRISOX     WII.I.HMS. 

superior  education,  fine  talent.s  for  business,  and 
excellent  opportunities  for  engaging  in  secular  pur- 
suits, he  persisted  in  his  purpose  of  preaching  the 
gospel.  He  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  at  Greenville,  S.  C,  in  the  beginning 
of  .September.  1861,  and  continued  one  session,  the 
course  being  interrupted  by  the  civil  war.  During 
the  greater  part  of  that  conflict  he  served  as  an 
army  chaplain  in  the  field,  and  as  a  chaplain  of 
Winder  Hospital,  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  Dec.  13,  1863. 

Mr.  Willi.ams's  first  pastorate  was  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  beginning  in  July, 
1865.  Here  he  continued  some  fourteen  months, 
regathering  the  scattered  members,  reorganizing 
the  church,  and  rebuilding  the  house  of  worship. 


WILLIAMS 


13104 


WILLIAMS 


"The  labors  of  Mr.  Williams  in  Fredericksburg 
were  efficient  and  successful." 

Anxious  to  complete  his  interrupted  theological 
course,  Mr.  Williams  resigned  his  charge  at  Fred- 
ericksburg in  September,  1SG6.  and  re-entered  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  lie  con- 
tinued his  studies  here  for  two  sessions,  and  in  May, 
1868,  received  his  diploma  as  "full  graduate  of  the 
seminary." 

In  October,  1SC8,  Mr.  Williams  accepted  a  call 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Charleston,  S.  C.  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
pastor,  l>ut  soon  after,  to  the  great  regret  of  the 
people,  he  removed  from  the  city  to  secure  a  more 
hopeful  field. 

He  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Staunton, 
Va.,  in  September,  1869.  During  this  past^irate  of 
loss  than  two  years  the  Sunday-school  was  trebled 
in  numbers,  and  there  was  a  large  increase  in  the 
membership  of  the  church.  The  period  was  also 
marked  by  the  establishment  of  a  Baptist  Female 
College  under  Prof.  John  Hart,  one  of  A'irginia's 
most  distinguished  educators.  It  was  felt  in  Staun- 
ton that  a  master-hand  had  been  at  work  in  the 
Baptist  church,  and  that  there  was  abundant  cause 
for  gratitude  to  God  for  the  labors  of  such  a  minis- 
ter as  their  pastor. 

In  January,  1872.  he  became  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  Of  his  work  in 
Tuscaloosa,  J.  II.  Foster,  D.U.,  professor  in  the 
University  of  Alabama,  speaks  as  follows: 

"  His  first  sermon  was  received  with  universal 
gratification.  Its  matter  and  manner  left  no  one 
in  doubt  about  the  character  of  the  preaching  we 
were  to  expect,  and  it  proved  a  fair  sample  of  those 
that  were  to  follow.  Some  weeks  afterwards,  an 
old  and  devotedly  pious  deacon,  of  high  intelli- 
gence and  rich  experience,  said,  '  That  preaching 
will  do  good.  It  is  full  of  the  marrow  of  the  gospel, 
and  has  an  unction  from  above.  God  will  bless  it.' 
This  utterance  impresses  me  as  a  judicious  and 
truthful  criticism,  and  subsequent  developments 
confirmed  the  inferences  expressed. 

■'  Mr.  Williams  was  already  a  man  of  enlarged  and 
liberal  culture.  But  fully  appreciating  the  grow- 
ing demands  of  our  people  for  careful  pulpit  prepa- 
ration, he  applied  himself  assiduously,  not  only  to 
such  studies  as  might  directly  illuminate  the  themes 
of  his  discourses,  but  also  to  those  tlnit  might  en- 
large and  intensify  his  conceptions  of  the  broad 
and  sure  foundations,  and  the  systematic  super- 
structure of  the  Christian  system.  Withal  he  gave 
no  little  attention  to  current  and  standard  litera- 
ture. This  varied  study  was  all  brought  to  bear 
upon  his  chosen  work;  and  he  evinced  a  gradual 
and  steady  growth,  increasing  breadth  of  thought, 
and  greater  fertility  and  variety  of  illustration. 
His  public  services,  therefore,  throughout  his  whole 


pastorate  of  nearly  six  years,  grew  more  and  more 
attractive. 

"  In  the  doctrines  and  practices  that  distinguish 
Baptists  he  was  orthodox,  outspoken,  and  firm, 
without  being  ofifensive  to  any  who  entertained 
diflierent  views.  He  cherished  and  manifested  a 
conservative  Christian  spirit,  a  spirit  of  love  to  all 
Christians,  which  endeared  him  to  the  pastors  and 
members  of  churches  of  other  denominations,  and 
gave  him  influence  with  them. 

"  His  genial  intercourse  with  the  young  of  both 
sexes  won  for  him  their  confidence  and  esteem, 
and  greatly  increased  his  power  to  do  them  good. 
During  a  large  proportion  of  his  pastorate  he 
maintained,  by  the  consent  of  all  concerned,  a  vol- 
untary connection  with  the  Alabama  Central  Fe- 
male College,  as  instructor  in  mental  and  moral 
philosophy  and  English  literature,  that  he  might 
the  better  exert  a  salutary  infiuence  over  the  pupils 
of  the  school.  The  Sunday-school  children  always 
enjoyed  his  frequent  addresses  to  them.  In  the 
seasons  of  revival,  with  which  our  church  was 
several  times  blessed,  a  very  large  proportion  of 
the  additions  made  to  our  number  was  from  the 
ranks  of  the  young. 

"  In  all  our  Associational,  district,  and  Sund.ay- 
school  meetings  the  presence  of  Mr.  Williams  was 
hailed  with  joy,  and  the  part  he  bore  in  important 
discussions  in  those  bodies  will  be  long  and  grate- 
fully remembered.  He  rendered  frequent  and  effi- 
cient aid  to  the  pastors  of  neighboring  churches  in 
their  protracted  meetings,  and  in  all  this  region 
his  memory  is  still  cherished  as  a  faithful  and  de- 
voted pastor,  an  humble  and  consecrated  man  of 
God,  and  an  able  minister  of  the  Xew  Testament." 

In  Xovember,  1877,  Mr.  Williams  took  charge  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Charlottesville,  Va.  This  is 
regarded  as  a  specially  important  post,  because  of 
its  immediate  vicinity  to  the  University  of  Virginia. 
The  pastorate  continues  at  this  date  (February. 
1882),  and  the  writer,  who  has  been  a  member  of 
his  church  during  these  past  four  years,  and  en- 
joyed intimate  personal  relations  with  Mr.  Wil- 
liams, desires  to  repeat  for  the  Charlottesville  pas- 
torate all  the  good  words  said  above  by  Dr.  Foster 
respecting  the  Tuskaloosa  pastorate.  He  must  add, 
however,  what  Dr.  Foster  should  not  have  omitted, 
that  Mr.  Williams's  attainments  and  efficiency  have 
been  greatly  enhanced  by  the  influence  of  a  noble 
Christian  wife.  Dr.  Jeter  used  to  say  that  if  he 
could  be  a  little  boy  again,  he  would  like  to  have 
Mrs.  Williams  for  his  mother. 

It  is  the  earnest  and  unanimous  desire  of  its 
members  that  Mr.  Williams  should  continue  in 
charge  of  our  church  indefinitely,  for  his  pastorate 
has  been  marked  by  a  steady  growth  in  the  numtjor 
and  piety  of  the  membership,  and  by  its  increased 
activity  and  liberality  in  all  Christian  benevolences. 


YARBROUGH 


1310r 


YARBROUOH 


It  is  not,  however,  merely  in  Charlottesville  and 
vicinity  that  his  influence  is  felt  and  his  worth 
appreciated.  Throughout  the  State  he  is  highly 
esteemed  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  best  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Baptist  ministers. 

Yarbrough,  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  was  bom  in 
1827  in  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C.  He  was  baptized  Oct. 
20,  1846,  by  Rev.  J.  J.  James,  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Milton  church.  lie  was  licensed  to  preach 
Nov.  IT,  1849.  lie  was  ordained  to  the  ministry 
at  the  Keulah  Association  in  Person  Co.,  N.  C,  in 
August,  1852. 


He  died  in  November,  I860,  in  Chatham  Co., 
N.  C.  He  was  agent  for  some  time  of  the  North 
Carolina  Baptist  State  Convention.  He  raised  an 
excellent  seminary  at  Mount  Vernon  Springs,  Chat- 
ham Co.,  N.  C. 

He  was  a  great  mechanic.  AVhen  fifteen  he  made 
a  saw-mill  without  any  instruction,  which  ran  well 
for  many  years.  Few  men  did  more  good  for  eight 
years  than  Mr.  Yarbrough.  His  death  was  a  pub- 
lic calamity.     His  influence  will    never  die,  and 

i  thousands  for  years  to  come  will  mourn  his  early 

'  departure. 


'or^yT^ 


APPENDIX. 


THE   PHILADELPHIA  COiNFESSION   OF  FAITH. 


1.  Of  thk  Holy  Scriptures. — 1.  The  Holy  Scripture  is 
the  only  sufficient,  certain,  ami  infallible  rule  of  all-saving 
knowledge,  faith,  and 

obedience;  although 
the  light  of  nature, 
and  the  worlts  of  crea- 
tion and  providence 
do  so  far  manifest  the 
goodness,  wisdom,  and 
power  of  God  as  to 
leave  men  unexcusa- 
ble;  yet  are  they  not 
sufficient  to  give  that 
knowledge  of  God  ami 
his  will  which  is  neces- 
sary unto  salvation. 
Therefore  it  pleased 
the  Lord  at  sundry 
times,  and  in  divers 
manners,  to  reveal 
himself,  and  to  declare 
that  his  will  unto  his 
ehurch;  and  after- 
ward, for  the  better 
preserving  and  propa- 
gating of  the  truth, 
and  for  the  more  sure 
establishment  and 
comfort  of  the  church 
against  the  corruption 
of  the  flesh,  and  the 
malice  of  Satan  and  of 
the  world,  to  commit 
the  same  wholly  unto 
writing;  which  maketh 
the  Holy  Scriptures  to 
be  most  necessary, 
those  former  ways  of 
God's  revealing  his 
will  unto  his  people 
being  now  ceased. 

2.  Under  the  name 
of  Holy  Scripture,  or 
the  Word  of  God  writ- 
ten, are  now  contained 
all  the  books  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment, which  are  these : 

Of  the  Old  Testament, — Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus, 
Numbers,  Deuteronomy,  Joshua,  Judges,  Ruth,  1  Samuel, 


CONFESSION 

F  A  IT  H, 

Put  forth  by  the 

Elders  and  Brethren 

Of  many 

Congregations 

O  F 

C  H  R  I  ST  I A  N  S 

(Baptized  upon  ProfefTion  of  their  Faith) 
In  London  and  the  Cotmtry. 

Adopted  by  the  Baptift  Association 

w^/g^  Philadelphia,  Sept. 25.  1742. 

The  Sixth  Edition. 

To  which   are  ajdod. 

Two  Articles  viz.  Of  Impofition  of  Hands, 
and  Singing  of  Pl'ahns  in  Publicic  Worfl^ip. 

Also 

A  Short  Treatife  of  Church  Difcipline. 

iV:tk  the  Ueurt    Man  bdic'vtth    unto  Rigbteoufuefs,    tind  ivitb  the 

Mc-Jth  Coufqficn  it  maJe  unto  Sal-vation,  Rom.  lo.  20. 
Scjrch  t$t  Scri/Jtutejj  John  5.  39. 

Philadelphia:  Printed  by  B.  Frankj-iw. 

M,DCC,XLIII. 


FAC-SIMILE  OF  THK  TITLE-PAr.E  OF  THE  PHILADKLPHIA 
OOXFKSSION  OF  FAITH,  ADOPTED  BY  THE  PHILADELPHIA 
BAPTIST  ASSOCIATION,  SEPTEMBER  25,  1742,  AND  PIUNTED 
BY   BENJAMIN    FRANKLIN  IN    17t;i. 


2  Samuel,   1   Kings,  2  Kings,  1  Chronicles,  2  Chronicles, 
Ezra,   Nehemiah,   Esther,  Job,  Psalms,    Proverbs,    Eccle- 

siastes,  The  Song  of 
Songs,  Isaiah,  Jere- 
miah, Lamentations, 
Ezekiel,  Daniel,  Husca, 
Joel,  Amos,  Obadiah, 
Jonah,  Micah,Nahum, 
Habakkuk,  Zcphan- 
iah,  Haggai,  Zecha- 
riah,  Malachi. 

Of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, Matthew,  Mark, 
Luke,  John,  The  Acta 
of  tlie  Apostles,  Paul's 
Epistle  to  the  Roman?, 
1  Corinthians,  2  Cor- 
inthians, (lalatians, 
Kphesians,  Philjppi- 
ans,  Colossians,  1  Thes- 
saloninns,  2  Thcssaio- 
nians,  1  Timothy,  2 
Timothy,  to  Titus,  to 
Philemon,  the  Epistle 
to  the  Hebrews,  the 
Epistle  of  Jiimus,  the 
first  and  second  Epis- 
tles of  Peter,  the  first, 
second, and  third  Epis- 
tles of  John,  the  Epis- 
tle of  Jude,  the  Reve- 
lation. All  which  are 
given  by  the  inspira- 
tion of  God  to  be  the 
rule  of  faith  and  life. 
3.  The  books  com- 
monly called  Apoc- 
rypha, not  bting  of 
divine  inspiration,  are 
no  part  of  the  canon 
(or  rule)  of  the  Scrip- 
ture, and  therefore  an* 
of  no  authority  to  the 
church  of  God,  nor  to 
be  any  otherwise  ap- 
proved, or  made  use 
of,  than  other  human 
writings. 

1.  The  authority  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  for  which  it 
ought  to  be  believed,  depcndeth  not  upon  the  testimony  of 

1311 


1312 


APPENDIX. 


any  man  ur  church,  but  wholly  upon  God  (who  is  Truth 
itself ),  the  author  thereof;  therefore  it  is  to  be  received, 
because  it  is  the  Word  of  God. 

5.  We  may  be  moved  and  indutsed  by  the  testimony  of  the 
church  of  God  tw  an  high  and  reverent  esteem  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures;  and  the  heavenliness  of  the  matter,  the  efficacy 
of  the  doctrine,  and  the  majesty  of  the  style,  the  consent 
f»f  all  the  parts,  the  scope  of  the  whole  (which  is  to  give 
all  glory  to  God),  the  full  discovery  it  makes  of  the  only 
way  of  man's  salvation,  and  many  other  incomparable  ex- 
cellencies, and  entire  perfections  thereof,  are  arguments 
whereby  it  doth  abundantly  evidence  itself  to  be  the  Word 
of  God;  yet.  notwithi^tanding  our  full  persuasion,  and  as- 
surance of  the  infallible  truth,  and  divine  authority  there- 
of, is  from  the  inward  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  bearing 
witness  by  and  with  the  Word  in  our  hearts. 

6.  The  whole  counsel  of  God  concerning  all  things  neces- 
sary for  his  own  glory,  man's  salvation,  faith  and  life,  is 
either  expre.ssly  set  down,  or  necessarily  contained  in  the 
Holy  Scripture;  unto  which  nothing  is  at  any  time  to  be 
added,  whether  by  new  revelation  of  the  Spirit  or  tradi- 
tions of  men. 

Nevertheless,  we  acknowledge  the  inward  illumination 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  to  be  necessary  for  the  saving  under- 
standing of  such  things  as  are  revealed  in  the  Word,  and 
that  there  are  some  circumstances  concerning  tlie  worship 
of  God  and  government  of  the  church  common  to  human 
actions  and  societies,  which  are  to  be  ordered  by  the  light 
of  nature  and  Christian  prudence,  according  to  the  general 
rules  of  tlic  Word,  which  are  always  to  be  observed. 

7.  All  things  in  Scripture  arc  not  alike  plain  in  them- 
selves, ni)r  alike  clear  unto  all,  yet  those  things  which  are 
necessary  to  be  known,  believed,  and  observed  for  salva- 
tion, are  so  clearly  propounded  and  opened  in  some  place 
of  Scripture  or  other,  that  not  only  the  learned,  but  the  un- 
learned, in  a  due  use  of  ordinary  means,  may  attain  to  a 
sufficient  understanding  of  them. 

8.  The  Old  Testament  in  Hebrew  (whiidi  was  the  native 
language  of  tlie  people  of  (Jod  of  ohi),  anci  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  Greek,  which  (at  the  time  of  writing  it)  was  most 
generally  known  to  the  nations,  being  immediately  inspired 
by  God,  and,  by  his  singular  care  and  providence,  kept 
pure  in  all  ages,  are  therefore  authentical ;  so  as  in  all  con- 
troversies of  religion  the  church  is  finally  to  appeal  unto 
them.  But  because  these  original  tongues  are  not  known 
to  all  the  people  of  God  who  have  a  right  unto,  and  interest 
in,  the  Scriptures,  and  are  commanded,  in  the  fear  of  God, 
to  read  and  search  them,  therefore  they  are  to  be  trans- 
lated into  the  vulgar  language  of  every  nation  unto  which 
they  come,  that  the  Word  of  (iod,  dwelling  plentifully  in 
all,  they  may  wornhip  him  in  an  acceptable  manner,  and, 
through  patience  and  comfort  of  the  Scriptures,  may 
hope. 

y.  The  infallible  rule  of  interpretation  of  Scripture  is  the 
Si-ripture  itself:  and  therefore,  when  there  is  a  (question 
about  the  true  and  full  sense  of  any  Scripture  (which 
is  not  manifold,  but  one),  it  must  be  sciirched  by  other 
places  that  speak  mure  clearly. 

10.  The  supreme  judge  by  which  all  controversies  of  re- 
ligion are  to  be  determined,  and  all  decrees  of  councils, 
opinions  of  ancient  writers,  doctrines  of  men,  and  private 
spirits  are  to  be  examined,  and  in  whose  sentence  we  are 
to  rest,  can  be  no  other  but  the  Holy  Scripture  delivered 
by  the  Spirit,  into  which  Scripture,  so  delivered,  our  faith 
is  finally  resolved. 


II.  Of  God  AND  OF  TiiK  HoLv  TiuMTY. — 1.  TheLorilour 
God  is  but  one  only  living  and  true  God  ;  whose  subsistence 
is  in  and  of  himself,  infinite  in  being  and  perfection,  whose 
essence  cannot  be  comprehended  by  any  but  himself;  a 
most  pure  Spirit,  invisible,  without  body,  parts,  or  passions, 
who  only  hath  immortality,  dwelling  in  the  light  which 
no  man  can  approach  unto,  who  is  immutable,  immense, 
eternal,  incomprehensible,  almighty,  every  way  infinite, 
most  holy,  most  wise,  most  free,  most  absolute,  working 
all  things  according  to  the  counsel  of  his  own  immutable 
and  most  righteous  will  for  his  own  glory,  most  loving, 
gracious,  merciful,  long-suffering,  abundant  in  goodness 
and  truth,  forgiving  iniquity,  transgression,  and  sin,  the 
rewarder  of  them  that  diligently  seek  him,  and  withal 
most  just,  and  terrible  in  his  judgments,  hating  all  sin. 
and  will  by  no  means  clear  the  guilty. 

2.  God  having  all  life,  glory,  goodness,  blessedness,  in 
and  of  himself,  is  alone  in,  and  unto  himself  all-sufficient, 
not  standing  in  need  of  any  creature  which  he  hath  made, 
nor  deriving  any  glory  from  them,  but  only  manifesting 
his  own  glory  in,  by,  unto,  and  upon  them,  he  is  the  alone 
fountain  of  all  being,  of  whom,  through  whom,  and  to 
whom  are  all  things,  and  he  hath  most  sovereign  domin- 
ion over  all  creatures,  to  do  by  them,  for  them,  or  upon 
them,  whatsoever  himself  pleaseth ;  in  his  sight  all  things 
are  open  and  manifest,  his  knowledge  is  infinite,  infallible, 
and  independent  upon  the  creature,  so  as  nothing  is  to 
him  contingent  or  uncertain:  he  is  most  holy  in  all  his 
counsels,  in  all  his  works,  and  in  all  bis  commands;  to  him 
is  due  from  angels  and  men  whatsoever  worship,  service. 
or  <»bedience,  as  creatures  they  owe  unto  the  Creator,  and 
whatever  he  is  further  jdeased  to  require  of  them. 

3.  In  this  Divine  and  Infinite  Being  there  are  three  sub- 
sistences, the  Father,  the  Word  (or  Son),  and  Holy  Spirit, 
of  one  substance,  power,  and  eternity,  each  having  the 
whole  divine  essence,  yet  the  essence  undivided ;  the  Father 
is  of  none  neither  begotten,  nor  j)roceeding  ;  the  Son  is 
eternally  begotten  of  the  Father ;  the  Holy  Spirit  proceed- 
ing from  the  Father  and  the  Son,  all  infinite,  without  be- 
ginning, therefore  but  one  God,  who  is  not  to  be  divided 
in  nature  and  being,  but  distinguished  by  several  peculiar 
relative  properties  and  personal  relations;  which  doctrine 
of  the  Trinity  is  the  foundation  of  all  our  communion  with 
(iod,  and  our  comfortable  dependence  on  him, 

III.  Of  God's  Dfxukf.. — 1.  God  hath  decreed  in  himself 
from  all  eternity,  by  the  most  wise  and  holy  counsel  of  his 
own  will,  freely  and  unchangeably,  all  things  whatsoever 
comes  to  pass  ;  yet  so  as  thereby  is  God  neither  the  author 
of  sin,  nor  hath  fellowship  with  any  therein,  nor  is  vio- 
lence offered  to  the  will  of  the  crieature,  nor  yet  is  the  liberty 
or  contingency  of  second  causes  taken  away,  but  rather 
established,  in  which  appears  his  wisdom  in  disposing  all 
things,  and  power  and  faithfulness  in  accomplishing  his 
decree. 

2.  Although  God  Itnoweth  whatsoever  may  or  can  come  to 
pass  upon  all  supposed  ccmditions,  yet  hath  he  not  decreed 
anything  because  he  foresaw  it  as  future,  or  as  that  which 
would  come  to  pass  upon  such  conditions. 

3.  liy  the  decree  of  God,  for  the  manifestation  of  his 
glory,  some  men  and  angels  are  predestinated  or  foreor- 
dained to  eternal  life,  through  Jesus  ;Christ,  to  the  praise 
of  his  glorious  grace;  others  being  left  to  act  in  their  sin 
to  their  just  condemnation,  to  the  praise  of  his  glorious 
justice. 

4.  These  angels  and  men  thus  predestinated  and  foreor- 


THE  PHILADELPHIA    CONFESSION  OF  FAITH. 


1313 


Uained  are  particularly  and  unehangeably  dcf^igneil ;  and 
thv-'ir  number  so  certain  and  definite,  that  it  cannot  be 
either  increased  or  diminished. 

5.  Those  of  mankind  that  arc  predestinated  to  life,  (Jod, 
before  the  foundation  of  the  world  wa.^  hiid,  according  to 
his  eternal  and  immutable  puriM)se,  and  the  s^ecret  counsel 
and  good  pleasure  of  his  will,  hath  chosen  in  Christ  unto 
everlasting  glory,  out  of  his  mere  free  gniee  and  love; 
without  any  other  tiling  in  the  cresilure  :is  a  e(»ndition  or 
cause  moving  him  thereunto. 

fi.  As  God  hath  appointed  the  elect  unto  glory,  so  he  hath 
by  the  eternal  and  most  free  purpose  of  his  will  foreor- 
dained all  the  means  thereunto,  wherefore  they  who  are 
elected,  being  fallen  in  Adam,  are  redeemed  by  Christ,  are 
effectually  called  unto  faith  in  Christ,  by  his  Spirit  work- 
ing in  due  season,  are  justified,  adopted,  sanctified,  and 
kept  by  his  power  through  faith  unto  salvation;  neither 
are  any  other  redeemed  by  Christ,  or  effectually  called, 
justified,  adopted,  sanctified,  and  saved,  but  the  elect  only. 

7.  The  doctrine  of  this  high  mystery  of  predestination  is 
to  be  handleil  with  special  prudence  and  care:  that  men  at- 
tending the  will  of  God  revealed  in  his  Word,  and  yielding 
obedience  thereunto,  amy.  from  the  certainly  of  their  ef- 
fectual vi)cation,  be  assured  of  their  erernal  election;  so 
shall  this  dof^trine  afford  matter  of  praise,  reverence,  and 
admiration  of  God,  and  of  humility,  diligence,  and  abun- 
dant c()nsolation  to  all  that  sincerely  obey  the  gospel. 

IV.  Of  Creation. — I.  In  the  beginning  it  jdeased  God 
the  Father,  8on,  and  Hfdy  Spirit,  for  the  manifestation  of 
the  glory  of  his  eternal  power,  wisdom,  and  goodness,  to 
create  or  make  the  world,  and  all  things  therein,  whether 
visible  or  invisible,  in  the  space  of  six  days,  and  all  very 
good. 

2.  After  God  liad  made  all  other  creatures  he  created 
man,  male  and  female,  with  reasonable  and  immortal  souls, 
rendering  them  fit  unto  that  life  to  God  for  which  they 
were  created,  being  made  after  the  image  of  (iod,  in 
knowledge,  righteousness,  and  true  holiness:  having  the 
law  of  God  written  in  their  hearts,  and  power  to  fulfill  it ; 
and  yet  under  a  possibility  of  transgressing,  being  left  t<i 
the  liberty  of  their  own  will,  which  was  subject  to  change. 

3.  Besides  the  law  written  in  their  hearts,  they  received 
a  command  not  to  eat  of  the  tree  of  knowledge  of  good  and 
evil ;  which,  whilst  they  kept,  they  were  happy  in  their 
communion  with  God,  and  had  dominion  over  the  creatures. 

V.  Of  Divine  Puoviuknck. — 1.  God,  the  good  creator 
of  all  things,  in  his  infinite  power  and  wisdom,  (h»th  uphold, 
direct,  dispose,  ami  go\ern  all  creatures  and  things,  from 
the  greatest  even  to  the  least,  by  his  most  wise  and  holy 
providence,  to  the  end  for  which  they  were  created,  ac- 
cording unto  his  infallible  foreknowledge,  and  the  free 
and  immutable  counsel  of  his  ow?i  will,  to  the  praise  of  the 
glory  of  his  wisdom,  power,  justice,  infinite  goodness,  and 
mercy. 

2.  Although  in  relation  to  the  f«u-eknowledge  and  decree 
of  (tod,  the  first  cause,  all  things  come  to  pass  immutably 
;iud  infallibly:  so  that  there  is  not  anything  befalls  any 
by  chance,  or  without  bis  providence;  yet,  by  the  same 
providence,  he  ordereth  them  1<»  fall  out  according  to  the 
nature  of  secomi  causes,  either  necessarily,  freely,  or  con- 
tingently. 

S.  (Jod  in  his  ordinary  pro\  idcnce  maketh  use  of  means  ; 
yet  is  free  to  work  without,  above,  and  against  them,  at 
his  pleasure. 

4.  The  almighty  p<»wer.  unsearchable  wisilom.  and  infi- 


nite goodness  of  God  so  far  manifest  themselves  in  his  provi- 
dence, that  his  determinate  counsel  extendeth  itself  even 
to  the  first  fall,  and  all  other  sinful  actions  both  of  angels 
and  men  (and  that  not  by  a  bare  permission),  which  also 
he  most  wisely  and  powerfully  boundeth.  and  otherwise 
ordereth  and  governeth  in  a  manifold  dispensation,  to  his 
most  holy  ends;  yet  so  as  the  sinfulness  of  their  acts  pro- 
ceedeth  only  from  the  creatures,  and  not  from  (Jod,  who, 
being  most  holy  and  righteous,  neither  is  nor  can  be  the 
author  or  approver  of  sin. 

5.  The  most  wise,  righteous,  and  gracious  God  doth  often- 
times leave  for  a  season  his  own  children  to  manifold 
temptations  and  the  corruptions  of  their  own  hearts,  to 
chastise  them  for  their  former  sins  or  to  discover  unto  them 
the  hidden  strength  of  corruption  and  deceitfulness  of  their 
hearts,  that  they  may  be  humbled,  and  to  raise  them  to  a 
more  close  and  constant  dependence  for  their  support  upon 
himself,  and  to  make  them  more  wat^^bful  against  all 
future  occasions  of  sin,  and  for  other  just  and  holy  ends. 

So  that  whatsoever  befalls  any  of  his  elect  is  by  his  aj>- 
})ointment,  for  his  glory,  and  their  good. 

6.  As  for  those  wicked  and  ungodly  men.  whom  Gml  as 
a  righteous  judge,  for  former  sin,  doth  bliml  and  harden; 
from  them  he  not  only  withholdeth  his  grace,  whereby 
they  might  have  been  enlightened  in  their  understanding 
and  wrought  u}ion  in  their  hearts,  but  sometimes  also 
withdraweth  the  gifts  which  they  had.  anci  exposeth  them 
to  such  objects  as  their  corrujitions  make  occasion  of  sin; 
and  withal  gives  them  over  to  their  own  liiat.s  and  tempta- 
tions of  the  world,  and  the  power  c(f  Satan,  whereby  it 
comes  to  pass  that  they  hanlen  themselves,  even  umler 
those  means  which  God  useth  for  the  softening  of  others. 

7.  As  the  ])rovidence  of  (iod  doth  in  general  reach  to  all 
creatures,  so,  after  a  more  special  manner,  it  taketh  care 
of  his  church,  and  disposeth  of  all  things  to  the  good 
thereof. 

VI.  Or  THE  Fall  of  Man,  Sin.  and  tiik  Pi  nishment 
Thereof, — 1.  Although  tJ<Kl  created  man  upright  and  per- 
fect, and  gave  him  a  righteous  law  which  had  been  unto 
life,  had  he  kept  it,  and  threatened  death  upon  the  breach 
thereof;  yet  he  did  not  long  abide  in  this  honor.  Satan, 
using  the  subtility  of  the  serpent  to  seduce  Eve,  then  by 
her  seducing  Adam,  who.  without  any  compulsion,  did 
willfully  transgress  the  law  of  their  creation  and  the  com- 
mand given  unto  thera  in  eating  the  forbidden  fruit ;  which 
(Jod  was  j>leased  according  to  his  wise  and  holy  counsel  to 
pcimit,  having  ]iurposed  to  order  it  to  his  own  glory. 

2.  Our  first  parents,  hy  this  sin.  fell  from  their  original 
righteousness  and  communion  with  God,  and  we  in  them, 
whereby  death  came  ujmn  all:  all  becoming  dead  in  sin 
and  wholly  defiled  in  :)ll  the  faculties  and  parts  of  soul  and 
body. 

;;.  They  being  the  root,  and,  by  God's  appointment, 
standing  in  the  room  and  stead  of  all  mankiml  ;  the  guilt 
of  the  sin  was  imputed,  and  corrupted  nature  conveyed  to 
all  their  posterity,  tiescending  from  them  by  ordinary  gen- 
eration, being  now  eoneeive<i  in  sin,  and  by  nature  children 
of  wrath,  the  servants  of  sin.  the  subjects  of  death,  and  all 
other  miseries,  spiritual,  temporal,  and  eternal,  unless  the 
Kurd  Jesus  set  them  free. 

4.  From  this  original  corruption,  whereby  wo  are  utterly 
indisposed,  disabled,  and  made  opposite  to  all  good,  and 
wholly  inclined  to  all  evil,  do  proceed  all  actual  trans- 
gressions. 

.'».  This  eorru)ttion  of  nature,  during  this  life,  doth  re- 


1314 


APPENDIX. 


main  in  those  that  are  regenerated;  and.  although  it  be 
through  Christ  pardoned  and  mortified,  yet  both  itself  and 
the  first  motions  thereof  are  truly  and  properly  sin. 

VII.  Of  Goo's  Covenant. — 1.  Thedisianee  between  God 
and  the  creature  \^  so  great,  that  although  reasonable  crea- 
tures do  owe  obedience  unto  him  as  their  Creator,  yet  they 
could  never  have  attained  the  reward  of  life  but  by  some 
voluntary  condescension  on  God's  part,  wliich  he  hath 
been  pleased  to  express  by  way  of  <'(>ven:int. 

2.  Moreover,  man  having  brought  himsolf  under  thecurse 
of  the  law  by  his  fall,  It  pleased  the  Lord  to  make  a  cove- 
nant of  grace,  wherein  he  freely  offereth  unto  sinners  life 
and  salvation  by  Jesus  Christ,  requiring  of  them  faith  in 
him,  that  thuy  might  be  saved;  and  promising  to  give 
unto  all  those  that  are  ordained  unto  eternal  life  hi.s  holy 
Spirit,  to  make  them  willing  and  able  to  believe. 

3.  This  covenant  is  revelled  in  the  gospel,  first  of  all  to 
Adam  in  the  promise  of  salvation  by  the  seed  of  the  woman, 
and  afterwards  by  farther  steps,  until  the  full  discovery 
thereof  was  completed  in  the  New  Testament;  and  it  is 
founded  in  that  eternal  covenant  transaction  that  was  be- 
tween the  Father  and  tbe  .Son  about  the  redemption  of  the 
elect ;  and  it  is  alone  by  the  grace  of  this  covenant  that  all 
of  the  posterity  of  fallen  Adam,  that  ever  were  saved,  did 
obtain  life  and  blessed  immortality;  man  being  now  ut- 
terly incapable  of  aceepL:ince  with  (iod  upon  those  terms 
on  which  Adam  stowl  in  his  state  of  innocency. 

VIII.  Of  CnniST  THE  Mediator. —  I.  It  pleased  God.  in 
his  eternal  purpose,  to  choose  and  ordain  the  Lord  Jesus, 
his  only  and  begotten  Son,  according  to  the  covenant  made 
between  them  both,  to  be  the  Mediator  between  God  and 
man;  the  prophet,  priest,  and  king;  head  and  Saviour  of 
his  church,  the  heir  of  all  things,  and  judge  of  the  world  : 
unto  whom  he  did  from  all  eternity  give  a  people  to  be  ))i.< 
seed,  and  to  be  by  him  in  time  redeemed,  called,  justified, 
sanctified,  and  glorified. 

2.  TheSonofGod,  the  second  person  in  the  Holy  Trinity, 
being  very  and  eternal  God,  the  brightness  of  the  Father's 
glory,  of  one  substance,  and  equal  with  him;  who  made 
the  world,  who  upholdeth  and  governeth  all  things  he  hath 
made  :  did.  when  the  fullness  uf  time  was  come,  take  upon 
him  man's  nature,  with  all  the  essential  properties  and 
common  infirmities  thereof,  yet  without  sin;  being  con- 
ceived by  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  womb  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
the  Holy  .Spirit  coming  down  upon  her.  and  tbe  power  of 
the  Most  High  overshadowing  her,  and  si>  was  made  of  a 
wuman,  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  of  the  seed  of  Abraham  and 
David,  according  to  the  Scriptures  :  so  that  two  whole,  per- 
fect, and  distinct  natures  were  insc))arably  joined  together 
in  one  person,  without  conversion,  composition,  or  con- 
fusion; which  person  is  very  God  and  very  man,  yet  one 
Christ,  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and  man. 

.3.  The  Lord  Jesus  in  bis  human  nature  thus  united  to  the 
divine,  in  tbe  person  of  the  Sun,  was  sanctified  and  anointed 
with  tbe  Holy  .Spirit  above  measure ;  having  in  him  all  the 
treasures  of  wisdom  and  knowledge;  in  whom  it  pleased 
the  Father  that  all  fullness  should  dwell;  to  the  end  that, 
being  holy,  harmless,  undefiled,  and  full  of  grace  and  truth, 
he  might  be  thoroughly  furnished  to  execute  the  office  of  a 
Mediator  and  Surety;  which  office  he  took  not  upon  him- 
self, but  was  thereunto  called  by  his  Father;  who  also  put 
all  power  and  judgment  in  bis  band,  and  gave  him  com- 
juandment  to  execute  the  same. 

4.  This  office  the  Lord  Jesus  did  most  willingly  under- 
take, which  that  he  might  discharge,  he  was  made  under  the 


law.  and  did  perfectly  fulfill  it,  and  underwent  the  punish* 
ment  due  to  us,  which  we  should  have  home  and  suffered, 
being  made  sin  and  a  curse  for  us ;  enduring  most  grievous 
sorrows  in  his  soul  and  most  painful  sufferings  in  his  body; 
was  crucified  and  died,  and  remained  in  the  state  of  the 
dead,  yet  saw  no  corruption:  on  the  third  day  he  arose 
from  the  dead,  with  the  same  body  in  which  he  suffered, 
with  which  he  also  ascended  into  heaven  ;  and  there  sitteth 
on  the  right  hand  of  his  Father  making  intercession;  ami 
shall  return  to  judge  men  and  angels  at  the  end  of  the 
world. 

5.  The  Lord  Jesus,  by  his  perfect  obedience  and  sacrifice 
of  himself,  which  he  through  the  eternal  Spirit  once  offered 
up  unto  God,  hath  fully  satisfied  the  justice  of  God,  pro- 
cured reconciliation,  and  purchased  an  everlasting  inherit- 
ance in  the  kingdom  of  heaven  for  all  those  whom  the 
Father  hath  given  unto  him. 

6.  Although  the  price  of  redemption  Wiis  not  actually 
paid  by  Christ  till  after  his  incarnation,  yet  the  virtue,  effi- 
cacy, and  benefit  thereof  was  communicated  to  the  elect  in 
all  ages  successively  from  the  beginningof  the  world,  in  and 
by  those  promises,  types,  and  sacrifices  wherein  he  was  re- 
vealed and  signified  to  be  the  seed  of  the  woman  which 
should  bruise  the  serjient's  head ;  and  the  Lamb  slain  from 
the  foundation  of  the  world,  being  the  same  yesterday,  and 
to-day,  and  forever. 

7.  Christ,  in  the  work  of  mediation,  acteth  according  to 
both  natures,  by  each  nature  doing  that  which  is  proper  tu 
itself:  yet,  by  reason  of  the  unity  of  the  person,  that  which 
is  proper  to  one  nature  is  sonietimes  in  Scripture  attribute<l 
to  the  person  denominated  by  the  other  nature. 

8.  To  all  those  for  whom  Christ  hath  obUiined  eternal  re 
demption  he  doth  certainly  and  effectually  apply  and  com- 
municate the  same  :  making  intercession  for  them  :  uniting 
them  (o  himself  by  his  Spirit :  revealing  unto  them,  in  and 
by  the  W<trd,  the  mystery  of  salvation  :  ]iersuading  them  to 
believe  and  obey;  governing  their  hearts  by  his  M'ord  and 
Spirit,  and  overcoming  all  their  enemies  by  his  Almighty 
power  and  wisdom,  in  such  manner  and  ways  as  are  most 
consonant  to  his  wonderful  and  unsearchable  dispensation  : 
and  all  of  free  and  absolute  grace,  without  any  condition 
foreseen  in  them  to  procure  it. 

9.  This  office  of  Mediator  between  God  and  man  is  proper 
only  to  Christ,  who  is  the  prophet,  priest,  and  king  of  tbe 
Church  of  God;  and  may  not  be  either  in  whole,  or  any 
part  thereof,  transferred  from  him  to  any  other. 

10.  This  number  and  order  of  offices  is  necessary  ;  for,  in 
respect  of  our  ignorance,  we  stand  in  need  of  his  propheti- 
cal office;  and,  in  respect  of  our  alienation  from  God  and 
imperfection  of  the  best  of  our  services  we  need  his 
priestly  office  to  reconcile  us  and  present  us  acceptable  unto 
God  ;  and,  in  respect  of  our  aversenees  and  utter  inability 
to  return  to  God,  and  for  our  rescue  and  security  from  our 
spiritual  adversaries,  we  need  his  kingly  office  to  convince, 
subdue,  draw,  uphold,  deliver,  and  preserve  us  to  his 
heavenly  kingdom. 

IX,  Of  FicEE  Will. — 1.  God  has  indued  the  will  of  man 
with  that  natural  liberty  and  power  of  acting  upon  choice, 
that  it  is  neither  forced  nor,  by  any  necessity  of  nature, 
determined  to  do  good  or  evil. 

2.  Man,  in  his  state  of  innocency,  had  freedom  and  power 
to  will  and  to  do  that  which  was  go*jd  and  well  pleasing  to 
God;  but  yet  was  mutable,  so  that  he  might  fall  from  it. 

3.  Man,  by  his  fall  into  a  state  of  sin,  hath  wholly  lost  all 
ability  of  will  to  any  spiritual  good  accompanying  salva- 


THE  PHILADELPHIA    CONFESSION  OF  FAITH 


1315 


tion  ;  so  as  a  natural  man,  being  altogether  averse  from 
that  good  and  dead  in  sin.  is  not  able,  by  his  own  strength, 
to  convert  himself  or  to  prepare  himself  thereunto.  l 

4.  When  God  converts  a  sinner,  and  translates  him  into  | 
the  state  of  grace,  he  freeth  him  from  his  natural  bondage 
under  sin,  and,  by  his  grace  abme.  enables  him  freely  to 
will  and  do  that  which  is  spiritually  good;  yet  so  as  ' 
that,  by  reason  of  his  remaining  corruptions,  he  doth  not 
perfectly  nor  only  will  that  which  is  good,  but  doth  also 
will  that  which  is  evil. 

5.  The  will  of  man  is  made  perfectly  and  immutably  free 
to  good  alone  in  the  state  of  glory  only. 

X.  Of  EFFKtTrAL  Calling. — I.  Those  whom  God  had 
predestinated  unto  life,  he  is  pleased,  in  his  appointed  and 
accepted  time,  effectually  to  call  by  his  Word  and  Spirit  out 
of  that  state  of  sin  and  death  in  which  they  are  by  nature 
to  grace  of  salvation  by  Jesus  Christ;  enlightening  their 
minds  spirituolly  and  savingly  to  understand  the  things 
of  God;  taking  away  their  heart  of  stone  and  giving  unto 
them  an  heart  of  flesh  ;  renewing  their  %vills.  and,  by  his 
almighty  power,  determining  them  to  that  which  is  good, 
and  effectually  drawing  them  to  Jesus  Christ;  yet  so  as 
they  come  most  freely,  being  made  willing  by  his  grace. 

2.  This  effectual  cull  is  of  Gotl's  free  and  special  grace 
alone,  not  from  anything  at  all  foreseen  in  man,  nor  from 
any  power  or  agency  in  the  creature  co-working  with  his 
special  grace;  the  creature  being  wholly  passive  therein, 
being  dead  in  sins  and  trespasses,  until,  being  quickened 
and  renewed  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  he  is  thereby  enabled  to 
answer  this  call,  and  to  embrace  the  grace  ofTereil  and  con- 
veyed in  it,  and  that  by  no  less  power  than  that  which 
raised  up  Christ  from  the  dead. 

3.  Elect  infants,  dying  in  infancy,  are  regenerated  and 
saved  by  Christ  through  the  Spirit,  who  worketh  when, 
and  where,  and  how  he  pleaseth  ;  so  also  are  all  other  elect 
persons  who  are  incapable  of  being  outwardly  called  by  the 
ministry  of  the  Word. 

4.  Others  not  elected,  although  they  may  be  called  by  the 
ministry  of  the  Word,  and  may  have  some  common  opera- 
tions of  the  Spirit,  yet,  not  being  effectually  drawn  by  the 
Father,  they  neither  will  nor  can  truly  come  to  Christ, 
and  therefore  cannot  be  saved;  much  less  can  men  that 
receive  not  the  Christian  religion  be  saved,  be  they  never 
so  diligent  to  frame  their  lives  according  to  the  light  of 
nature  and  the  law  of  that  religion  they  do  profess. 

XI.  Of  Justification. — 1.  Those  whom  God  effectually 
callcth  he  also  freely  justifieth,  nOt  by  infusing  righteous- 
ness into  them,  but  by  pardoning  their  sins,  and  by  account- 
ing and  accepting  their  persons  as  righteous;  not  for  any- 
thing wrought  in  them  or  done  by  them,  but  for  Christ's  sake 
alone ;  not  by  imputing  faith  itself,  the  act  of  believing,  or 
any  other  evangelical  obedience  to  them,  as  their  right- 
eousness, but  by  imputing  Christ's  active  obedience  unto 
the  whole  law,  and  passive  obedience  in  his  death,  for  their 
whole  and  sole  righteousness;  they  receiving  and  resting  on 
him  and  his  righteousness  by  faith,  whith  they  have  not  of 
themselves  :  it  is  the  gift  of  (n>d. 

2.  Faith  thus  receiving  and  resting  on  Christ  an<l  his 
righteousness,  is  the  alone  instrument  of  justification  ;  yet 
it  is  not  alone  in  the  person  justified,  but  is  ever  accom- 
panied with  all  other  saving  graces,  and  is  no  dead  faith, 
but  worketh  by  love. 

3,  Christ,  by  his  obedience  and  death,  did  fully  discharge 
the  debt  of  all  those  that  are  justified;  sind  did,  by  the 
sacrifice  of  himself,  in  the  blood  of  his  cross,  undergoing 


in  their  stead  the  penalty  due  unto  them,  make  a  proper, 
real,  and  full  satisfaction  to  God's  justice  in  their  behalf; 
yet,  inasmuch  as  he  was  given  by  the  Father  for  theoa, 
and  his  obedience  and  satisfaction  accepted  in  their  stead, 
and  both  freely,  not  for  anything  in  them,  their  justifica- 
tion is  only  of  free  grace,  that  both  the  exact  justice  and 
rich  grace  of  God  might  be  glorified  in  the  justification  of 
sinners. 

4.  God  did,  from  all  eternity,  decree  to  justify  all  the  elect, 
and  Christ  did,  in  the  fullness  of  time,  die  for  their  sins, 
and  rise  again  for  their  justification;  nevertheless,  they 
are  not  justified  personalty  until  the  Holy  Spirit  doth,  in 
due  time,  actually  apply  Christ  unto  them. 

5.  God  doth  continue  to  forgive  the  sins  of  those  that  are 
justified;  and,  although  they  can  never  fall  from  the 
state  of  justification,  yet  they  may,  by  their  sins,  fall 
under  God's  fatherly  displeasure;  and,  in  that  condition, 
they  have  not  usually  the  light  of  his  countenance  restored 
unto  them  until  they  humble  themselves,  confess  their 
sins,  beg  pardon,  and  renew  their  faith  and  repentance. 

fi.  The  justification  of  believers  under  the  Old  TcsUtment 
was,  in  all  these  respects,  one  and  the  same  with  the  jus- 
tification of  believers  under  the  New  Testament. 

XII.  Of  Adoption. — 1.  All  those  that  are  justified,  God 
vouchsafed,  in  and  for  the  sake  of  his  only  Son,  Jesus 
Christ,  to  make  partakers  of  the  grace  of  adoption,  by 
which  they  are  taken  into  the  number,  and  enjoy  the  lib- 
erties and  privileges,  of  children  of  God;  have  his  name 
put  upon  them;  receive  the  spirit  of  adoption;  have  ac- 
cess to  the  throne  of  grace  with  bfddness ;  are  enabled  to 
cry  Abba.  Father:  are  pitied,  protected,  provided  for,  and 
chastened  by  him  as  a  father ;  yet  never  cast  off,  but  sealed 
tti  the  day  of  redemption,  and  inherit  the  promises  as  heirs 
of  e\erlasting  salvation. 

XIII.  Of  Sanctificatios. —  1.  They  who  are  united  to 
Christ,  effectually  called,  and  regenerated,  having  a  new 
heart  and  a  new  spirit  created  in  them,  through  the  virtue 
of  Christ's  death  and  resurrection,  are  also  further  sanctified, 
really  and  personally,  through  the  same  virtue,  by  his  Word 
and  Spirit  dwelling  in  them.  The  dominion  of  the  whole 
body  of  sin  is  destroyed,  and  the  several  lusts  thereof  are 
more  and  more  weakened  and  mortified  ;  and  they  more  and 
more  quickened  and  strengthened  in  all  saving  graces,  to 
the  practice  of  all  true  holiness,  without  which  no  man 
shall  see  the  Lord. 

2.  This  sanctification  is  throughout,  in  the  whole  man, 
yet  imperfect  in  this  life;  there  ahideth  still  some  remnants 
of  corruption  in  every  part,  whenee  ariseth  a  continual 
and  irreconcilable  war:  the  flesh  lusting  against  the  spirit 

I  and  the  spirit  against  the  flesh. 

3,  In  which  war,  although  the  remaining  corruption  for 
a  time  may  much  prevail,  yet,  through  the  continual  sup- 
jily  of  strength  from  the  sanctifying  Spirit  of  Christ,  the 
regenerate  part  doth  overcome;  and  so  the  saints  grow  in 
grace,  perfecting  holiness  in  the  fear  of  Gn<l,  pressing  after 
an  heavenly  life  in  evangelical  obedience  to  all  the  com- 
mands which  Christ,  as  Head  an<l  King,  in  his  Word  hath 
prescribed  to  them. 

XIV.  Of  S  A  VINO  Faith.— 1.  The  grace  of  faith,  whereby 
the  elect  are  enabled  to  believe  to  the  saving  of  their  souls, 
is  the  work  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ  in  their  hearts,  and  is  or- 
dinarily wrought  by  the  ministry  of  the  Word,  by  which 
also,  and  by  the  administration  of  Baptism,  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  prayer,  and  other  means  appointed  of  God 
it  is  increased  and  strengthened. 


1316 


APPENDIX. 


2.  By  this  faith,  a  Chri^Jtian  belifvctb  tu  he  true  whatso- 
ever is  revealed  in  tlie  WdhI  for  the  authority  of  (lod  him- 
self;  anil  also  ajiprehendeth  an  excellency  therein  above 
all  other  writinj^s  ami  all  things  in  the  world,  as  it  bears 
forth  the  glory  of  <Ioil  in  his  attributes,  the  excellency  of 
Christ  in  his  niitiiro  iiml  offices,  anil  the  jjowcr  and  fullness 
of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  his  workinj^s  and  operations;  and  so 
is  enabled  to  cast  his  soul  upon  the  truth  thus  believed, 
and  also  acteth  differently  upon  that  which  each  i)artieu- 
lar  passage  thereof  containeth  ;  yielding  obedience  to  the 
commands,  trembling  at  the  threntcnings,  and  embracing 
the  promises  of  Goil  for  this  life  and  that  which  is  to  come  ; 
but  the  principal  acts  of  saving  faith  hath  immediate  rela- 
tion to  Christ,  accepting,  receiving,  and  resting  upon  him 
alone  for  justification,  sanctifieation,  and  eternal  life,  by 
virtue  of  the  covenant  of  grace. 

3.  This  faith,  although  it  bo  different  in  degrees,  nnd  may 
be  weak  or  strong,  yet  it  is  in  the  least  degree  of  it  differ- 
ent in  the  kind  or  nature  of  it  (as  is  all  other  saving  grace) 
from  tlie  faith  and  common  grace  of  temporary  believers; 
:ind  therefore,  though  it  may  be  muny  times  assailed  and 
wenkened,  yet  it  gets  the  victory,  growing  up  in  many  to 
the  iittainment  of  a  full  assurance  through  Christ,  who  is 
both  the  author  and  finisher  of  our  faith. 

'.  XV.  Of  Repentanck  unto  Life  and  Salvation. — 1. 
Such  of  the  elect  as  are  converted  at  riper  years,  having 
sometimes  lived  in  the  state  of  nature,  and  therein  served 
divers  lusts  and  ])leasures,  (Jod,  in  their  effectual  calling, 
giveth  them  rejientance  unto  life. 

2.  Whereas  there  is  none  that  doetli  good  andsinneth  not, 
and  the  beet  of  men  may,  through  the  power  and  deceitful- 
ness  of  their  corruption  dwelling  in  them,  witli  the  preva- 
leney  of  temptation,  fjill  into  greater  sins  and  provocations. 
<^od  hath,  in  tlie  covenant  of  grace,  mercifully  provided 
that  believers  so  sinning  and  falling  be  renewed  thr<jugli 
repentance  unto  salvation. 

3.  This  saving  repentance  is  an  evangelical  grace,  where- 
by a  person,  being  by  the  Jloly  Spirit  made  sensible  of  the 
manifold  evils  of  his  sin,  doth,  by  faith  in  Christ,  humble 
himself  for  it  with  godly  sorrow,  detestation  of  it,  and  self- 
abhorrcncy,  praying  for  pardon  and  strength  of  grace,  with 
a  purpose  and  enileavor,  by  supplies  of  tlie  Spirit,  to  walk 
before  God  unto  all  well-pleusing  in  all  things. 

4.  As  repentance  is  to  be  continued  through  tlie  wliolc 
course  of  our  lives,  upon  the  account  of  the  body  of  death 
and  the  motions  thereof,  so  it  is  every  man's  duty  to  re- 
pent of  his  particular  known  sins,  particularly. 

6.  Such  is  the  provision  which  (Jod  hath  made,  through 
Christ  in  the  covenant  of  grace,  for  the  preservation  of  be- 
lievers unto  salvation,  that,  although  there  is  no  sin  so 
small  but  it  deserves  damnation,  yet  there  is  no  sin  so  great 
that  it  shall  bring  damnation  on  them  that  repent;  which 
makes  the  constant  preaching  of  repentance  necessary. 

XVI.  Or  (tood  WoHKs. — 1.  Good  works  are  only  such  as 
(jod  hath  commanded  in  his  Holy  Word,  ond  not  sueh  as, 
withimt  the  warrant  thereof,  arc  devised  by  men  out  of 
blind  zeal  or  upon  any  pretense  of  good  intentions. 

2.  These  good  works,  done  in  obedience  to  God's  com- 
mandments, are  the  fruits  and  evidences  of  a  true  and  lively 
faith  ;  and  by  them  believers  manifest  their  thankfulness, 
strengthen  their  assurance,  edify  their  brethren,  adorn  the 
profession  of  the  gospel,  stop  the  mouths  of  the  adversn- 
ries,  and  glorify  God,  whose  workmanship  they  are,  createil 
in  Christ  Jesus  thereuntil,  that,  having  their  fruit  unto 
holiness,  they  may  liave  the  eml,  eternal  life. 


?>.  Their  ability  to  do  good  works  is  not  at  all  of  themselves, 
but  wholly  from  the  Spirit  of  Christ ;  and  that  they  may  be 
enabled  thereunto,  besides  the  graces  they  have  already  re- 
ceived, there  is  necessary  an  actual  intiueni-e  of  the  same 
Holy  Spirit  to  work  in  them  to  will  and  to  do  of  liis  good 
pleasure  :  yet  are  they  not  hereupon  to  grow  negligent,  as 
if  they  were  not  bound  to  ]ierform  any  duty,  unless  ujion 
a  special  motion  of  the  Spirit,  but  they  ought  to  be  diligent 
in  stirring  up  the  grace  of  God  that  is  in  them. 

4.  They  who  in  their  obedience  attain  to  the  greatest 
height  which  is  possible  in  thi.s  life,  are  so  far  from  being 
able  to  supererogate  and  to  do  more  than  God  requires,  as 
that  they  fall  short  of  much  which,  in  duty,  they  arc 
bound  to  do. 

b.  We  cannot,  by  our  best  works,  merit  pardon  of  sin  or 
eternal  life  at  the  hand  of  God,  by  rea.son  of  the  great 
disproportion  tluit  is  between  them  and  the  glory  to  come, 
and  the  infinite  distance  that  is  between  us  and  God,  whom 
by  them  we  can  never  pr<ifit  nor  satisfy  for  the  debt  of  our 
former  sins  ;  but  when  we  have  dtine  all  we  can,  we  have 
done  but  our  duty  and  are  unpiofitable  servants;  and  be- 
cause, as  they  are  good,  they  jiroceed  from  his  Spirit,  and, 
as  they  are  wrought  by  us.  they  arc  defiled  and  mixed  with 
so  much  weakness  and  imperfection,  that  they  cannot  en- 
dure the  severity  of  God's  judgment. 

6.  Yet  notwithstanding  the  persons  of  believers  being 
accepted  through  Christ,  their  good  works  also  arc  accepted 
in  him,  not  as  though  they  were  in  this  life  wholly  un- 
blamable and  unre|irova.ble  in  God's  sight,  but  that  he, 
looking  upon  them  in  his  Son,  is  plea^^ed  to  accept  and  re- 
ward that  which  is  sincere,  altliough  accompanied  with 
many  weaknesses  and  imperfections. 

7.  Works  done  by  unrcgenerate  men,  although  for  the 
matter  of  them  they  may  he  things  which  God  commanils, 
and  of  good  use  both  to  themselves  and  others  ;  yet,  because 
they  proceed  not  from  a  heart  purified  by  faith,  nor  are 
done  in  a  right  manner  according  to  the  Word,  nor  to  a 
right  end,  the  glory  of  God,  they  are  sinful  and  cannot 
please  God,  nor  make  a  nnm  meet  to  receive  grace  from 
God  ;  and  yet  their  neglect  of  them  is  more  sinful  and  dis- 
jilcasing  to  God. 

XVII.    OfTHI;  pEItSEVF-RANCEOFTHRSAINTS. —  1.    ThoSe 

whohi  God  hath  accepted  in  the  Beloved,  effectually  called 
and  sanctified  by  his  Spirit,  and  given  the  jirecious  faith  of 
his  elect  unto,  can  neither  totally  nor  finally  fall  from  the 
state  of  grace,  but  shall  certainly  j  terse  v  ere  therein  to  the  end 
and  be  eternally  saved,  Seeing  the  gilts  and  callings  (ff  God 
are  without  repentance  (whence  he  still  begets  anil  nour- 
isheth  in  them  faith,  repentance,  love,  joy,  hope,  and  all 
the  graces  of  the  Spirit  to  immortality),  and,  though  many 
storms  and  floods  arise  and  beat  against  them,  yet  they 
shall  never  be  able  to  take  them  off  that  foundation  and 
rock  which  by  faith  they  are  fastened  upon  ;  notwith- 
standing, through  unbelief  nnd  the  temjitations  of  Satan, 
the  sensible  sight  of  the  light  and  love  of  God  may,  for  a 
time,  be  cloudecl  and  obscured  from  them,  yet  it  is  still  the 
same,  and  they  shall  be  sure  to  he  kept  by  the  power  of 
God  unto  salvation,  where  they  shall  enjoy  their  jiurchased 
possession,  they  being  engraven  upon  the  jialm  of  his 
hands,  and  their  names  having  been  written  in  the  book 
of  Life  from  all  eternity. 

2.  This  perseverance  of  the  saints  depends  not  upon  their 
own  free  will,  but  upon  the  immutability  of  the  decree  of 
election,  flowing  fiom  the  free  and  unchangeable  love  of 
God,  the    Father,  upon   the  ef!ieacy    of  the  merit   and  in- 


THE  PHILADKLi'UlA    CONFESSION  OF  FAITU. 


1317 


tercession  of  Jesus  Christ  and  union  with  liim,  the  oath  of 
(Jod,  the  abiding  of  his  Spirit,  and  the  seed  of  God  within 
them,  and  the  nature  of  the  covenant  of  grace;  from  all 
which  ari.^eth  also  the  (rcrtainty  and  infallihility  thereof. 

'A.  And  though  they  may,  through  the  teni[)tation  of  Satan 
and  of  the  world,  tht'  prevalency  of  corruption  rcinaining 
in  them,  and  the  negh'ct  of  means  of  tlieir  prcservatiiui, 
fall  into  grievous  sins,  and  for  a  time  ccjntinue  therein, 
whereby  they  incur  God's  displeasure  and  grieve  his  Holy 
Spirit,  couio  to  have  their  graces  and  comiurts  impaired, 
have  their  hearts  hardened  and  their  consciences  woundL-ii, 
hurt  anti  scandalize  others,  and  bring  temporal  judgments 
upon  themselves,  yet  they  shall  renew  their  repentance 
and  be  preserved,  through  faith  in  Christ  Jesus,  to  the  end. 

XVIir.  Of  thk  Assurance  of  (iitACii  and  Salvation. 
—  1.  Although  temporary  believers  and  other  unregencnite 
men  may  vainly  deceive  themselves  with  false  hopes  and 
c;i.rnal  [>resumptions  of  being  in  the  favor  of  (lod  and  state 
of  salvation,  which  hope  of  theirs  shall  perish  ;  yet  such  as 
truly  believe  in  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  love  him  in  sincerity, 
endeavoring  to  walk  in  all  good  conscience  before  hira, 
may,  in  this  life,  be  certainly  assured  that  they  are  in  the 
state  of  grace,  and  may  rejoice  in  the  hope  of  the  glory  of 
God,  which  hope  shall  never  make  them  ashamed. 

2.  This  certainly  is  not  a  bare  conjectural  and  probable 
persuasion,  grounded  upon  a  fallible  hope,  but  an  infal- 
lible assurance  of  faith,  founded  on  the  blood  and  right- 
eousness of  Christ,  revealed  in  the  gospel ;  and  also  upon 
the  inward  evidence  of  those  graces  of  the  Spirit  unto 
which  promises  are  made,  and  on  the  testimony  of  the  Spirit 
rif  adoption,  witnessing  with  our  spirits  that  we  are  the 
children  of  God,  and,  as  a  fruit  therectf,  keeping  the  heart 
both  humble  and  holy. 

3.  This  infallible  assurance  doth  not  so  belong  to  the  es- 
sence of  faith  but  thnt  a  true  believer  may  wait  long,  and 
conflict  with  many  difficulties,  before  he  be  partaker  of  it ; 
yet  being  ennbled  by  the  Spirit  to  know  the  things  which 
are  freely  given  him  of  God,  he  may,  without  extraordi- 
nary revelation,  in  the  right  use  of  means,  attain  there- 
unto; and  therefore  it  is  the  duty  of  every  one  to  give  all 
diligence  to  make  their  calling  and  election  sure,  that 
thereby  his  heart  may  be  enlarged  in  peace  and  joy  in  the 
Holy  Spirit,  in  love  and  thankfulness  to  God,  and  In 
strength  and  cheerfulness  in  the  duties  of  obedience,  the 
proper  fruits  of  this  assurance:  so  far  is  it  from  inclining 
men  to  looseness. 

4.  True  believers  may  have  thii  assurance  of  their  salva- 
tion divers  ways  shaken,  diminished,  and  intermitted  ;  as 
by  negligence  in  preserving  of  it,  by  falling  into  some 
special  sin,  which  woundeth  the  conscience  and  grieveth 
the  vSpirit ;  by  some  sudden  or  vehement  temptation  ;  by 
(iod's  withdrawing  the  light  of  his  countenance  and  suffer- 
ing even  such  as  fear  him  to  walk  in  darkness  and  to  have 
no  light ;  yet  are  they  never  destitute  of  the  seed  of  God 
and  life  of  faith,  that  love  of  Christ  and  the  brethren,  that 
sincerity  of  heart,  and  conscience  of  duty,  out  of  which,  by 
the  operation  of  the  Spirit,  this  assurance  may  in  due 
time  be  revived,  and  by  the, which,  in  the  mean  time,  they 
are  preserved  from  utter  despair. 

XIX.  Of  the  Law  of  Gon. — 1.  God  gave  to  Adam  a  law 
of  universal  obedience  written  in  his  heart,  and  a  particular 
precept  of  not  eating  the  fruit  of  the  tree  of  knowledge  of 
good  and  evil ;  by  which  he  bound  him  and  ail  his  posterity 
to  personal,  entire,  exact,  and  perpetual  obedience,  promised 
life  upon  the   fulfilling,  and   threatened  death  upon  the 


breach  of  it,  and  indued  him  with  power  and  ability  to 
keep  it. 

2.  The  same  law  that  was  first  written  in  the  heart  of  man 
continued  to  be  a  perfect  rule  of  righteousness  after  the 
fall,  and  delivered  by  God  upon  Mount  Sinai,  in  ten  com- 
mandments, and  written  in  two  tables,  the  four  first  con- 
taining our  duty  towards  God,  and  the  other  six  our  diitv 
to  man. 

3.  Besides  this  law,  commonly  called  moral,  (Jod  wa> 
pleased  to  give  to  the  peojde  of  Israel  ceremonial  laws,  con- 
taining several  typical  ordinance**,  partly  of  worship,  pro- 
figuring  Christ,  his  graces,  actions,  sufierings,  ancl  benefits, 

i  and  partly  holding  forth  divers  instructions  of  moral  duties, 
all  which  ceremonial  laws,  being  appointed  only  to  the 
time  of  reformation,  are  by  Jesus  Christ,  the  true  Messiah 
and  only  Lawgiver,  who  was  furnished  with  power  from 
the  Father  for  that  end,  abrogated  and  tnken  away. 

4.  To  them  also  he  gave  sundry  judicial  laws,  which  ex- 
])ired  together  with  the  state  of  that  people,  not  obliging 
any  now  by  virtueof  that  institution, — their  general  equity 
only  being  of  moral  use. 

5.  The  moral  law  doth  forever  bind  all,  as  well  justified 
persons  as  others,  to  the  obedience  thereof,  and  that  not 
only  in  regard  to  the  matter  contained  in  it,  but  also  in 
respect  of  the  authority  of  God,  the  Creator,  who  gave  it; 
neither  doth  Christ  in  the  gospel  any  way  dissolve,  but 
much  strengthen  this  obligation. 

t).  Although  true  believers  be  not  under  the  law,  as  a 
covenant  of  works,  to  be  thereby  justified  or  condemned, 
yet'  it  is  of  great  use  to  them,  as  well  as  to  others,  in  that,  as 
a  rule  of  life,  informing  them  of  the  will  of  God  and  their 
iluty,  it  directs  and  binds  them  to  walk  accordingly;  dis- 
covering also  the  sinful  pollutions  of  their  natures,  hearts, 
and  lives,  so  as,  examining  themselves  tliercby,  they  may 
come  to  further  conviction  of,  humiliation  for,  and  hatred 
against  sin,  together  with  a  clearer  sight  of  the  need  they 
have  of  Christ  and  the  perfection  of  his  obedience  :  it  is 
likewise  of  use  to  the  regenerate  to  restrain  their  corru|i- 
tions,  in  that  it  forbids  sin.  and  the  threatenings  of  it 
servo  to  show  what  even  their  sins  deserve,  and  what  afflic- 
tions in  this  life  they  may  expect  for  them,  although  freed 
from  the  curse  and  unallayed  rigor  thereof.  "These  prom- 
ises of  it  likewise  sliow  that  (iod's  aj^probation  of  obedience, 
and  whiit  blessings  they  may  expect  upon  the  performance 
thereof,  though  not  as  due  to  them  by  the  law  as  a  cove- 
nant of  works;  so  as  man's  doing  good  and  refraining 
from  evil,  because  the  law  eneourageth  to  the  one,  and  de- 
terreth  from  the  other,  is  no  evidence  of  his  being  under  the 
law  and  not  under  grace. 

7.  Neither  are  the  forementioned  usesof  the  law  contrary 
to  the  grace  of  the  gospel,  but  do  sweetly  comply  with  it, 
the  Spirit  of  Christ  subduing  and  enal)ling  the  will  of  man 
to  do  that  freely  and  cheerfully,  which  the  will  of  (Jod,  re- 
vealed in  the  law,  requireth  to  be  done. 

XX.  Of  thk  Gospel  and  the  Kxtest  of  tmk  Ghack 
THEKEOF. — 1.  The  covenant  of  works  being  broken  by  sin, 
and  made  unprofitable  unto  life,  God  was  pleased  to  give 
forth  the  }u()mise  of  Christ,  the  seed  of  the  woman,  as  the 
means  of  calling  the  elect,  and  begetting  in  them  faith  and 
repentance  ;  in  this  ]>ronnse,  the  gospel,  as  to  the  substance 
of  it,  was  revealed,  and  therein  effectual  for  the  conversion 
and  salvation  of  sinners. 

2.  This  ])romise  <>f  Christ,  and  salvation  by  him.  is  re- 
vealed only  by  the  Word  of  God;  neither  do  the  works  of 
creation  or  j)rovidcnce,  with  the  light  of  nature,  make  dis- 


1318 


APPEND  LY. 


covery  of  Christ  or  of  grace  by  him>  so  luucb  a?  in  a  general 
or  obscure  way,  much  less  that  men,  destitute  of  the  reve- 
lation of  him  by  the  promise  or  j^ospel,  should  be  enabled 
therehy  to  attain  saving  faith  or  repentance. 

3.  The  revelation  of  the  gospel  unto  sinner;*,  made  in 
divers  times  and  by  sundry  parts,  with  the  addition  of  prom- 
ises and  precepts,  for  the  obedience  required  therein,a8  to  the 
nations  and  jjcrsoiis  to  whom  it  is  grunted,  is  merely  of  the 
sifvoreign  will  and  good  pleasure  of  God,  not  being  annexed 
by  virtue  of  any  promise  to  tlie  due  improvement  of  men's 
natural  abilities,  by  virtue  of  comni'in  light  received  with- 
out it,  which  none  ever  did  make  or  can  so  do;  and,  there- 
fore, in  all  ages  the  jjreiiching  of  the  gospel  has  been  granted 
unto  persons  and  nations,  as  to  the  extending  or  limiting 
<if  it,  in  great  variety,  areording  to  the  counsel  of  the  will 
of  God. 

4.  Although  the  gospel  be  the  only  outward  means  of 
revealing  Christ  and  saving  grace,  and  is,  as  such,  abun- 
dantly sufficient  thereunto;  yet  that  men,  who  are  dead 
in  trespasses,  may  be  born  again,  quickened,  or  regener- 
ated, there  is,  moreover,  necessary  an  effectual,  insupera- 
ble work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  upon  the  whole  soul  for  the 
producing  in  them  a  new  spiritual  life,  without  which  no 
other  means  will  effect  their  conversion  unto  God. 

XXr.  Of  <'iiuistian  liiuKitTV  and  Libkhtv  of  Con- 
sciESCK. — 1,  The  liberty  which  Christ  hath  purchased  for 
believers  under  the  gospel  consists  in  their  freedom  from  the 
guilt  of  sin,  the  condemning  wrath  of  God,  and  rigor  and 
curse  of  the  law,  and  in  their  being  delivered  from  this 
present  evil  world,  bondage  to  rfatan,  and  dominion  of  sin, 
from  the  evil  of  afflictions,  the  fear  and  sting  of  death,  the 
victory  of  the  grave,  and  everlasting  damnation  ;  as  also  in 
their  free  access  to  God,  and  their  yielding  obedience  unto 
him,  not  out  of  slavish  fear,  but  a  childlike  love  and  will- 
ing mind. 

All  which  were  common  alao  to  believers  under  the  law 
for  the  substance  of  them;  but,  under  the  New  Testament, 
the  liberty  of  Christians  is  further  enlarged  in  their  f.ec- 
dom  frc)m  the  yoke  of  tlio  ccrctnunial  law,  to  which  the 
Jewish  church  was  subjected,  and  in  greater  boldness  of 
access  to  the  throne  of  grace,  and  in  fuller  communications 
of  the  free  Spirit  of  God.  than  believers  under  the  law  tlid 
ordinarily  partake  of. 

2.  God  alone  is  Lord  of  tiie  conscience,  and  hath  left  it 
free  from  the  doctrines  and  eommandments  of  men,  which 
are  in  anything  contrary  to  his  Word  or  not  contained  in  it. 
So  that,  to  believe  such  doctrines,  or  to  obey  such  com- 
mands, out  of  conscience,  is  to  betray  true  liberty  of  con- 
science; and  the  requiring  of  an  implicit  faith  and  abso- 
lute and  blind  obedience  is  to  destroy  liberty  of  conscience 
and  reason  also. 

3,  They  who,  upon  jiretense  of  Christian  liberty,  do  prac- 
tise any  sin,  or  cherish  any  sinful  lust,  as  they  do  thereby 
pervert  the  main  design  of  the  grace  of  the  gospel  to  their 
own  destruction,  so  they  wholly  destroy  the  end  of  Christian 
liberty;  which  is,  that,  being  delivered  out  of  the  hands 
<if  all  our  enemies,  we  might  serve  the  Lord  without  fear, 
in  holiness  and  righteousness  before  him  all  the  days  of 
our  lives. 

XXIL  Of  Rkli(;ioi;s  AVonsnip  and  the  Sabbath-Day, 
— 1.  The  light  of  nature  shows  that  there  is  a  God  who  hath 
lordship  and  sovereignty  over  nil ;  is  just,  good,  and  doth 
good  unto  all ;  and  is  therefore  to  be  feared,  loved,  praised, 
called  upon,  trusted  in  and  served,  with  all  the  heart  and 
all  the  soul,  and  with  all  the  might.     But  the  acceptable 


way  of  worshiping  the  true  God  is  instituted  by  himself, 
and  so  limited  by  his  own  revealed  will  that  he  may  not  be 
worshiped  according  to  the  imaginations  and  devices  of 
men,  or  the  suggestions  of  Satan,  under  any  visible  repre- 
sentations, or  any  other  way  not  prescribed  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures. 

2.  Religious  worship  is  to  be  given  to  God,  the  Father, 
Son,  and  Holy  Spirit,  and  to  him  alone;  not  to  angels, 
saints,  or  any  other  creatures;  and,  since  the  fall,  not 
without  a  Mediator,  nor  in  the  mediation  of  any  other  but 
Christ  alone. 

3.  Prayer  and  thankfulness  being  one  sjiecial  part  of 
natural  worship,  is  by  God  required  of  all  men.  IJut  that  it 
may  be  accepted,  it  is  to  be  nuule  in  the  name  of  the  Son, 
by  the  help  of  the  Spirit,  according  to  his  will;  with  un- 
derstanding, reverence,  humility,  fervency,  faith,  love,  and 
perseverance,  and,  with  others,  in  a  known  tongue. 

4.  Prayer  is  to  be  made  for  things  lawful,  and  for  all  sorts 
of  men  living,  or  that  shall  live  hereafter;  but  not  for  the 
dead,  nor  for  tliose  iif  whom  it  may  be  known  that  they 
have  sinned  the  sin  unto  death. 

5.  The  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  preaching  and  hearing 
the  Word  of  <iod,  teaching  and  admonishing  r)nc  another 
in  psalms,  iiymns,  and  spiritual  songs,  singing  with  grace 
in  our  hearts  to  the  Lord,  as  also  the  administration  of 
baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper,  are  all  parts  of  religious 
worship  of  God,  to  be  performed  in  obedience  to  him  with 
understanding,  faith,  reverence,  and  godly  fear;  more- 
over, solemn  humiliation,  with  fastings  and  thanksgiving, 
upon  special  occasions,  ought  to  be  used  in  a  holy  and  re- 
ligious manner. 

6.  Neither  prayer  nor  any  other  part  of  religious  worship 
is  now,  under  the  gospel,  tied  unto  or  made  more  accepta- 
ble by  any  place  in  which  it  is  performed  or  towards  which 
it  is  directed;  but  God  is  to  be  worshiped  everywhere  in 
spirit  and  in  truth;  as  in  private  families  daily  and  in 
secret,  each  one  by  himself,  so  more  solemnly  in  the  public 
assemblies,  which  are  not  carelessly  nor  willfully  to  be  neg- 
lected or  forsaken,  when  God,  by  his  Word  or  j)rovidence, 
ealleth  thereunto. 

7.  As  it  is  the  law  of  nature  that  in  general  a  proportion 
of  time,  by  God's  appointment,  be  set  apart  for  the  worship 
of  God,  so,  by  his  Word,  in  a  positive,  m.oral,  and  perpetual 
commandment,  binding  all  men  in  all  ages,  he  hath  par- 
ticularly appointed  one  day  in  seven  for  a  Sabbath  to  be 
kept  holy  unto  him,  which,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
world  to  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  was  the  last  day  of  the 
week,  and,  from  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  was  changed 
into  the  first  day  of  the  week,  which  is  called  the  Lord's 
day;  and  is  to  be  continued  to  the  end  of  the  world  as  the 
Christian  Sabbath,  the  observation  of  the  last  day  of  the 
week  being  abolished. 

8.  The  Sabbath  is  then  kept  holy  unto  the  Lord  when 
men,  after  a  due  preparing  of  their  hearts  and  ordering  their 
common  affairs  aforehand,  do  not  only  observe  a  lioly  rest 
all  the  day  from  their  own  works,  words,  and  thoughts 
about  their  worldly  employment  and  recreations,  but  also 
are  taken  up  the  whole  time  in  public  and  private  exer- 
cises of  his  worship,  and  ip  the  duties  of  necessity  and 
mercy. 

XXiri.  Of  Singing  of  Psalms. — 1.  AVe  believe  that 
singing  the  praisesof  God  is  a  holy  ordinance  of  Christ,  and 
not  a  part  of  natural  religion  or  a  moral  duty  ()nly  ;  but  that 
it  is  brought  under  divine  institution,  it  being  enjoined  on 
the  churches  of  Christ  to  sing  psalms,  hymns,  and  spiritual 


GUNN 


1305 


HILDJlKTlf 


failed    for   two    years.      Then    slowly    returning 
strength  enabled  him  to  engajio  as  a  supply,  wliicli 
after  a  year  or  two  led  him  into  evangelistic  and 
missionary   labors,    which  have   been    continued,  ; 
mostly  in  the  Stiites  of  Illinois  and  Kansas,  until  j 
the  present  time.     (!od   has  signally  blessed  Mr.  I 
Gunn's  ministry. 

Glinn,  Rev.  Elihu,  was  born  in  Montague,  ! 
Mass.,  Jan.  3,  KslS.  His  ancestors  were  of  the 
Puritan  stock,  and  had  been  stanch  Baptists  on 
both  sides  for  several  generations,  being  the  ear- 
liest settlers  in  that  part  of  the  State,  and  among 
those  who  suffered  persecution  from  the  "  standing 
order"  for  conscience'  sake.  He  publicly  confessed 
Christ  in,  his  twenty-Krst  year.  His  carlii'st  desire 
was  til  secure  an  education  and  become  a  minister 


of  Christ.  He  entered  the  Freshman  class  in  Madi- 
son University  in  1844,  and  he  graduated  from  the 
theological  seminary  in  l>S4il.  He  was  soon  after 
ordained  at  North  Sunderland,  Mass.,  and  went 
as  a  missionary  to  the  new  State  of  Iowa.  Settled 
first  at  Keokuk,  then  a  frontier  town  of  loOO 
people.  He  was  then  president  of  the  Central 
University,  of  Iowa,  five  years.  Afterwards  he  was 
pastor  at  Mount  Pleasant  nearly  nine  years.  He 
then  came  to  Kansas,  and  was  pastor  at  Atchison 
three  years,  district  secretary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  for  Kansas  and  Mis- 
souri three  and  a  half  years,  and  .since  5Iay,  1877, 
he  has  been  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Fort 
Scott,  Kansas.  Mr.  (>unn  has  baptizcil  447  per- 
sons, including  all  of  his  five  children. 


H. 


'  Hardwicke,  Rev.  J.  F.,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1837;  united  with  the  church  when  a  boy;  com- 
menced preaching  when  but  eighteen.  After  pur- 
suing his  studies  with  his  brother,  Rev.  J.  B. 
Hardwicke,  he  entered  a  classical  school.  In  186'J 
he  matriculated  at  the  .Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  at  Greenville,  S.  C.  AVbon  the  war 
compelled  its  school  to  suspend  he  retired  to  Vir- 
ginia, and  entered  upcm  the  pastorate.  lie  served 
the  church  at  Milton,  N.  C,  and  also  that  at  Ephe- 
sus.  He  then  removed  to  Western  Virginia,  and 
succeeded  in  establishing  a  church  at  Huntington. 
.Mr.  Hardwicke  is  now  pastor  at  Hnwling  Green, 
Ky.  A  man  of  genial  disposition,  blessed  with  a 
mind  of  decided  vigor,  and  a  close  student  of  the 
Scriptures,  he  ranks  with  the  best  preachers  of  his 
State. 

Harris,  Rev.  Elmore,  was  born  in  1854,  near 
the  city  of  Bnintford,  Ontario,  Canada.  His  father 
was  a  manufacturer,  and  intended  his  son  for 
the  same  calling  ;  but  God  bad  otherwise  designed. 
He  was  brought  to  Christ  in  April,  1870,  and  in 
the  following  year,  when  but  a  lad  of  seventeen,  he 
preached  his  first  sermon.  For  nearly  two  years 
he  studied  in  the  high  school  in  Beamsville,  and 
the  Collegiate  Institute  of  the  city  of  St.  Cath- 
arines. He  afterwards  attended  the  University 
of  Toronto,  taking  two  scholarships  in  classics  and 
the  first  prizes  in  Oriental  languages.  He  grad- 
uated in  1877,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.A.  In 
1876,  a  year  before  he  finished  his  university  course, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
St.  Thomas,  where  he  still  labors  with  great  ac- 
ceptance. During  his  five  years'  ministry  the  First 
83 


and  Zion  churches,  unfortunately  severed,  have 
been  united,  and  a  handsome  structure  erected  in 
the  centre  of  the  city,  costing  S17,000.  The  mem- 
bership has  more  than  doubled.  Mr.  Harris  is  one 
of  the  rising  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  of  the 
New  Dominion. 

Harris,  Jolm,  of  Braiitfurd,  Ontario,  Caiuida, 
was  born  in  1841,  in  the  township  of  Townsend,  in 
the  same  province.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  his  father,  Mr.  Alan- 
son  Harris.  He  is  a  man  of  considerable  means 
and  of  distinguished  liberality.  He  is  at  present 
the  teacher  of  a  large  Bible-class,  numbering,  at 
times,  150  persons,  in  the  First  church,  at  Brant- 
ford.  There  are  continual  acce.ssions  to  the  church 
from  this  class.  He  has  also  an  excellent  gift  in 
presenting  the  gospel  to  the  unsaved,  and  has  been 
greatly  blessed  in  this  work  in  the  neighborhood 
of  his  own  city  and  at  other  points.  An  earnest 
Bible  stuilent,  a  diligent  worker,  a  generous  con- 
tributor to  all  benevolent  and  denominational  ob- 
jects, and  a  true'  friend,  he  has  fairly  won  the 
high  position  he  holds  among  the  Baptist  laymen 
of  Canada. 

Hildreth,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  at  ."^outh 
Bend.  Ind.,  -Ian.  24.  Is;>s.  In  1853  the  family  re- 
moved to  S.andy  ville,  Iowa,  where  Mr.  Hildreth  was 
baptized  in  185'J  :  licensed  to  preach  in  1800.  In 
1861  he  was  called  to  the  church  at  Lovilia,  and  the 
following  year  was  ordained.  He  entered  Central 
University,  preaching  once  on  the  Sabbath  for  the 
First  church  of  Pelia  while  he  remained  in  the 
school. 

He  removed  to  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  and  served  the 


HOARD 


I30() 


HUNG  ATE 


church  there  one  year,  and  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment from  the  Aniericiin  Baptist  Publication  So- 
ciety as  general  Sunday-school  missionary,  in 
■which  connection  he  remained  over  three  years. 
After  a  brief  pastorate  at  Pleasant  Hill,  Mo.,  he 
became  general  missionary  of  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  in  which  work  he 
continued  three  years,  and  during  which  be  bap- 
tized 484  persons. 

In  1872  he  removed  to  California,  remainini; 
four  years,  preaching  for  the  Tabernacle  church, 
San  Francisco,  and  the  church  at  San  Jos6.  He 
returned  East  in  1870,  and  settled  with  the  church 
at  New  Albany,  Ind.,  where  he  remained  four 
years,  until  called  to  the  Union  Baptist  church  of 
Pittsburgh,  his  present  field  of  labor. 

Mr.  Hildreth  has  built  ten  houses  of  worship, 
raising  for  this  purpose  $107,000.  He  received 
into  the  churches  with  which  he  has  labored  2017 
persons,  of  whom  he  has  baptized  1530.  In  1879 
Judson  University  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  D.I). 

Hoard,  Hon.  Samuel,  since  1830  has  resided 
at  Chicago,  one  of  its  earliest  and,  during  the 
nearly  half  a  century  of  his  residence  there,  one 
of  its  most  useful  and  honored  citizens.  He  was 
born  at  Westminster,  Mass.,  May  20,  ISOO,  of 
English  parentage,  some  of  his  ancestry  having 
been  persons  of  rank  and  fortune.  Receiving  an 
academical  education,  he  pursued  to  some  extent 
the  study  of  law,  but  later  embarked  in  journalism, 
being  connected,  in  1828,  with  the  EepiMican,  of 
Franklin,  N.  Y.,  in  association  with  Mr.  .Tames 
Long,  who,  like  himself,  had  married  a  daughter 
of  John  Conant,  Esq.,  of  Brandon,  Vt.  In  1833 
we  find  him  associated  with  Silas  Wright,  after- 
wards so  prominent  in  State  and  national  politics, 
in  the  editorial  management  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
Uepvhlican.  Removing  to  Chicago  in  1836,  he  was 
syieedily  called  to  various  posts  of  honoi-able  ser- 
vice, among  them  that  of  State  senator  and  clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court.  In  1845  he  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business,  and  continued  in  it  for  many 
years  as  one  of  the  successful  merchants  of  the 
young  and  growing  city.  Mr.  Lincoln  appointed 
him  postmaster  of  the  city  in  1SG5.  He  has  also 
served  for  a  considerable  period  as  president  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  Among  the  earliest  and  most 
efficient  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  he 
was  one  of  those  who,  in  1864,  united  in  consti- 
tuting the  present  Second  church,  and  in  both 
these  organizations  he  has  been  active  and  efficient 
to  a  remarkable  degree,  for  fifteen  years  conducting 


with  peculiar  tact  and  success  a  large  infant-class 
in  the  First  church,  and  for  ten  years  a  young 
men's  Bible-class  in  the  Second.  During  eleven 
years  past  he  has  served  in  the  last-named  church 
as  its  senior  deacon.  Mr.  Hoard  was  one  of  the 
original  corporators  of  the  University  of  Chicago, 
and,  until  advancing  age  made  it  seem  to  himself 
desirable  that  he  should  retire,  remained  one  of  the 
most  valued  members  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

Homan,  Rev.  N.  B.,  was  born  in  Spencer  Co., 
Ky.,  on  Sept.  7,  1822.  His  father  removed  to  Put- 
nam Co.,  Ind.,  when  he  was  about  five  years  old. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  deeply  concerned 
in  regard  to  his  salvation.  He  removed  to  Jones 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1847.  He  was  "  born  again"  in  that 
place,  and  baptized  in  the  spring  of  1848.  In  that 
year  he  and  nine  others  formed  the  Baptist  church 
of  Fairview,  -Jones  Co.  In  the  year  1855  he  was 
called  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry.  On  the 
26tli  of  April,  1856,  he  was  ordained,  and  he  served 
the  Fairview  Baptist  church  as  pastor  over  fifteen 
years,  the  Ananiosa  church  four  years.  On  Jan.  I, 
1873,  he  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
at  Vinton,  Benton  Co.  In  October,  1875,  he  went 
to  Kirwin,  Phillips  Co.,  where  he  has  remained  up 
to  the  present  time,  laboring  as  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist churches  of  Kirwin  and  Pbillipsburg. 

Hungate,  Rev.  James  De  P.,  was  born  in 
Washingt(m  Co.,  Ind.,  July  28,  1831.  He  was  re- 
ceived into  the  Mill  Creek  Baptist  church  at  four- 
teen. When  eighteen  he  was  impressed  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach.  He  graduated  from 
Franklin  College  in  1854,  and  was  ordained  in 
1856,  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Salem, 
Marion  Co.,  111.,  in  1858,  where  he  built  a  meet- 
ing-house and  the  membership  of  the  church  in- 
creased from  six  to  seventy-six  members.  In  1860 
be  was  appointed  a  missionary  by  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  Nebraska.  In 
May,  1864,  he  started  across  the  plains  with  his 
wife  and  children  in  a  wagon,  and,  after  a  weari- 
some journey  of  102  days,  be  arrived  safe  in  the 
Willatnette  Valley,  Oregon.  He  was  for  three 
years  pastor  at  Salem,  the  State  capital,  when  the 
church  incre.ased  from  thirty-six  to  ninety-eight 
members.  He  taught  a  Bible-class  of  thirty  young 
people,  most  of  whom  he  baptized.  In  December, 
1868,  he  removed  to  California,  where  he  labored 
as  a  supply  at  Petaluma  and  other  places.  In  the 
autumn  of  1872  he  returned  to  Nebraska,  and  in 
1879  he  became  pastor  at  El  Dorado,  Kansas,  where 
his  labors  have  been  blessed  in  erecting  a  meeting- 
house and  in  building  up  the  church. 


rill-:  riiiLADKLruiA  coyF^s.siox  of  faitil 


i;{i9 


songs;  and  that  the  wliole  church,  in  their  public  assem- 
blies (as  well  as  private  Cliristians),  ought  to  sing  (iod's 
praises  according  to  the  best  light  they  have  received. 
Moreover,  it  was  practised  in  the  great  representative 
church  by  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  with  his  disciples  after 
lie  had  instituted  and  celebcated  the  sacred  ordinance  (»f 
his  holy  supper  as  a  commemorative  token  of  redeeming 
Iiive. 

XXIV.  Of  Lawfl'I- Oaths  AND  Vows.— 1.  A  lawful  oath 
i;i  a  part  of  religious  worship,  wherein  the  person  swearing 
in  truth,  righteousness,  and  judgment  solemnly  calleth  t^od 
to  witness  what  lie  swcarcth,  and  to  judge  him  according 
to  the  truth  or  falseness  tliereof. 

2.  The  name  of  God  only  is  that  by  which  men  ought  to 
swear,  and  therein  it  is  to  be  used  with  all  holy  fear  and 
reverence;  therefore  to  swear  vainly  or  rashly  by  that 
i^lorious  and  dreadful  name,  or  to  swear  at  all  by  any  other 
thing,  is  sinful  and  to  be  abhorred;  yet,  as  in  matter  of 
weight  and  moment,  for  confirmation  of  truth  and  ending 
all  strife,  an  oath  is  warranted  by  the  Word  of  God,  so  a 
lawful  oath,  being  imjmsed  by  lawful  authority,  in  such 
matters  ought  to  be  taken. 

3.  Whosoever  taketh  an  oath  warranted  by  the  Word  of 
God  ought. duly  to  consider  the  weightincss  of  so  solemn 
an  act,  and  therein  to  avouch  nothing  but  what  he  know- 
eth  to  he  the  truth  ;  for  that  by  rash,  false,  and  vain  oaths 
the  Lord  is  provoked,  and  for  them  this  land  mourns. 

4.  An  oath  is  to  be  taken  in  the  plain  and  common  sense 
of  the  words,  without  equivocation  or  mental  reservation. 

5.  A  vow,  which  is  not  to  be  made  to  any  creature,  but 
to  God  alone,  is  to  be  made  and  performed  with  all  religious 
care  and  faithfulness;  but  popish  monastical  vows  of  per- 
petual single  life,  jirofessed  poverty,  and  regular  obedience 
arc  so  far  from  being  degrees  of  higher  perfection  that 
they  are  suj^erstitious  and  sinful  snares  in  which  no  Chris- 
tian may  entangle  himself. 

XXV.  Ofthi:  Civil  Maoistrate. — 1.  God.  the  supreme 
Lord  and  king  of  all  the  worM,  hath  ordained  civil  magis- 
trates to  be  under  him  over  tlic  people,  for  his  own  glory 
and  the  public  good,  and  to  this  end  hath  armed  them  with 
the  power  of  the  sword  for  defense  and  encouragement  of 
them  that  do  good  and  for  the  punishment  of  evil-doers. 

2.  It  is  lawful  for  Christians  to  accept  and  execute  the 
office  of  a  magistrate,  when  called  thereunto;  in  the  man- 
agement whereof,  as  they  ought  especially  to  maintain 
justice  and  peace,  according  to  the  wholesome  laws  of  each 
kingdom  and  commonwealth,  so,  fur  that  end,  they  may 
lawfully  now  under  the  New  Testament  wage  war  upon 
just  and  necessary  occasions. 

3.  Civil  magistrates  being  set  up  by  God  for  the  ends 
aforesaid,  subjection  in  all  lawful  things  commanded  by 
them  ought  to  be  yicMed  by  us  in  the  Lord,  not  only  for 
wrath  but  for  conscience'  sake ;  and  we  ought  to  make  sup- 
plications and  prayers  for  kings  and  all  that  are  in  au- 
thority, that,  under  them,  we  may  live  a  quiet  and  peaceable 
life  in  all  godliness  and  honesty. 

XXVI.  Of  Mauriagk. — I.  Marriage  is  to  be  between 
one  man  and  one  woman  ;  neither  is  it  lawful  for  any  man 
to  have  more  than  one  wife,  nor  fur  any  woman  to  have 
more  than  one  husband  at  the  same  time. 

2.  Marriage  was  ordained  for  the  mutual  help  of  husband 
and  wife,  for  the  increase  of  mankind  with  a  Icgitiumte 
issue,  and  for  preventing  of  uncleanness. 

3.  It  is  lawful  for  all  sorts  of  people  to  marry  who  arc 
able  with  judgment  to  give  their  consent:  yet  it  is  the  duty 


of  Christians  to  marry  in  the  Lord;  and  therefore  such  as 
profess  the  true  religion  should  not  marry  with  infidels  or 
iilolaters,  neither  should  such  as  are  godly  be  unequally 
yoked  by  marrying  with  such  as  are  wicked  in  their  life 
or  maintain  damnable  heresy. 

4.  Marriage  ought  not  to  be  within  the  degrees  of  con- 
sanguinity or  affinity  forbidrlen  in  the  Word ;  nor  can  such 
incestuous  marriage  ever  be  made  lawful  by  any  law  of 
man  or  consent  of  parties,  so  as  those  persons  may  live 
together  as  man  and  wife. 

XXVII,  Of  THE  Church. — 1.  The  catholic  or  universal 
church,  which,  with  respect  to  the  internal  work  of  the 
Spirit  and  truth  of  grace,  may  be  called  invisible,  consists  of 
the  whole  number  of  the  elect  that  have  been,  are,  or  shall  be 
gathered  into  one  under  Christ,  the  head  thereof,  and  is  the 
spouse,  the  body,  the  fullness  of  him  that  filleth  all  in  all. 

2.  All  persons,  throughout  the  world,  professing  the  faith 
of  the  gospel  and  obedience  unto  God  by  Christ  according 
unto  it,  not  destroying  their  own  profession  by  any  errors, 
everting  the  foundation,  or  unholiness  of  conversation,  are 
and  may  be  called  visible  saints;  and  of  such  ought  all 
particular  congregations  to  be  constituted. 

3.  The  purest  churches  under  heaven  are  subject  to  mix- 
ture and  error,  and  some  have  so  degenerated  as  to  become 
no  churches  of  Christ,  but  synagogues  of  Satan  ;  neverthe- 
less, Christ  always  hath  had  and  ever  shall  have  a  kingdom 
in  this  world,  to  the  end  thereof,  of  such  a.<  believe  in  biin 
and  make  profession  of  his  name. 

4.  The  Lord  Jesus  Christ  is  the  head  of  the  church,  in 
whom,  by  the  appointment  of  the  Father,  all  power  for  the 
calling,  institution,  order,  or  government  of  the  church  is 
invested  in  a  supreme  and  sovereign  manner;  neither  can 
the  pope  of  Rome  in  any  sense  be  head  thereof,  but  is  that 
Antichrist,  that  man  of  sin  and  son  of  perdition,  that  ex- 
alteth  himself  in  the  church  against  Christ  and  all  that  is 
called  God,  whctm  the  Lord  shall  destroy  with  the  bright- 
ness of  his  coming. 

5.  In  the  execution  of  this  power  wherewith  he  is  so  in- 
trusted, the  Lord  Jesus  calleth  out  of  the  world  unto  him- 
self, through  the  ministry  of  his  Worcl  by  his  Spirit,  those 
that  are  given  unto  him  by  his  Father,  that  they  may  walk 
before  him  in  all  the  ways  of  obedience  which  he  pre- 
scribcth  to  them  in  his  Word.  Those  thus  called  he  com- 
mandetb  to  walk  togetlier  in  particularsocieliesorchurches, 
for  their  mutual  edification  and  the  due  performance  of 
that  public  worship  which  he  requireth  of  Iheui  in  the 
world. 

6.  The  members  of  these  churches  are  saints  by  calling, 
visibly  manifesting  and  evidencing  in  and  by  their  pro- 
fession antl  walking  their  obedience  unto  that  call  of  Christ: 
and  (to  willingly  consent  to  walk  together  according  to  the 
appointment  of  Christ,  giving  up  themselves  to  the  Lord 
and  to  one  another  by  the  will  of  God,  in  professed  subjec- 
tion to  the  ordinances  of  the  gospel. 

7.  To  each  of  these  churches  thus  gathered  according  to 
his  mind,  declared  in  liis  Word,  he  hath  <;iven  all  that  power 
and  authority  which  is  any  way  needful  for  their  carrying 
on  that  order  in  worshiji  and  discipline  which  he  hath  in- 
stituted for  them  to  observe,  with  commands  and  rules  for 
the  due  and  right  exerting  and  executing  that  power. 

8.  A  particular  church,  gathered  and  completely  organ- 
ized according  to  the  mind  of  Christ,  cimsists  of  i)fficers  and 
members  ;  and  the  othcers,  appointed  by  Christ  to  he  chosen 
and  set  apart  by  the  church  so  called  ami  gathered,  for  the 
peculiar  administration   of  ordinances  and   execution   of 


1320 


A  FF  END  IX. 


power  or  duty  which  lie  intrusts  them  with,  or  culls  tliein 
to,  to  be  continued  tu  the  end  of  the  world,  are  bishops,  or 
elders,  and  deaeonH. 

9.  The  way  appointed  by  Christ  I'ortliecallinj;  of  any  ]'im-- 
son,  fitted  and  gifted  hy  tho  Holy  Spirit,  unto  tlie  office  of 
bishop,  or  elder,  in  a  church,  if  that  lie  be  cho.-^cn  thereunto 
by  the  comnmn  suflVngc  of  the  church  itt^eif.  and  soitMiinly 
set  apart  by  fjisting  and  prayer,  with  inijiosition  of  hand^ 
of  the  eldership  of  the  church,  if  there  be  any  before  con- 
stituted therein  ;  and  of  ii  deacon,  that  he  be  chosen  by  the 
like  suffrage,  and  set  jipart  by  jmiycr  and  the  like  imposi- 
tion of  hands. 

10.  The  work  of  pastors  being  constantly  to  attend  the 
service  of  Christ  in  hisehurches,  in  the  ministry  of  the  Wctrd. 
and  prayer,  with  watciiing  for  their  souls  as  they  that 
must  give  an  account  to  him,  it  is  incumbent  on  the 
churches  to  whom  they  minister  not  only  to  give  them  ail 
due  respect,  but  also  to  communicate  to  them  of  all  their 
good  things,  according  to  their  ability,  so  as  they  may 
have  a  comfortable  supply,  without  being  themselves  en- 
tangled in  secuhir  affairs,  and  may  also  be  capable  of  ex- 
ercising hospitality  towards  others;  and  this  is  required 
by  the  law  of  nature  and  by  the  express  order  of  our  Lord 
Jesus,  who  hath  ordained  that  they  that  jireach  the  gospel 
should  live  of  the  gospel. 

11.  Although  it  be  incumbent  on  the  bishops  or  pastors 
of  the  churches  to  be  iifstant  in  preaching  the  Word,  by 
way  of  office,  yet  the  work  of  preaching  the  Word  is  not  so 
peculiarly  confined  to  them  but  thsit  others  also  gifted 
:ind  fitted  by  the  Holy  Spirit  lor  it,  and  approved  nnil 
called  by  the  cdiurch,  may  and  ought  to  perform  it. 

12.  As  all  believers  are  bouncl  to  join  themselves  to  par- 
ticular churches,  when  and  where  they  have  opportunity  so 
to  do,  so  all  that  !i re  admitted  unto  the  privilegesof  a  church 
are  also  under  the  censures  and  government  thereid".  ac- 
cording to  the  rule  of  Christ. 

13.  No  church  members,  u])on  any  ofiense  taken  by  them, 
having  performed  their  duty  rerjuired  of  them  towards  the 
person  they  arc  offended  at,  ought  to  tiisturb  church  order. 
or  absent  themselves  from  tlie  assemblies  of  the  cluirch,  or 
atlininistration  of  any  ordinance,  upon  the  account  of  such 
offense  at  any  of  their  fellow-members,  but  to  wait  upon 
Christ  in  further  proceeiling  of  the  church. 

14.  As  each  church  and  all  the  members  of  it  arc  bound 
to  pray  continually  fur  the  good  and  prosperity  of  all  the 
churches  of  Christ  in  all  ]>laces,  and  ujion  all  occasions  to 
further  it,  every  one  within  tho  bounds  of  their  places  and 
i-allings,  in  the  exercise  of  their  gifts  and  graces,  so  the 
churches,  when  planted  by  the  providence  of  God,  t*o  as 
they  may  enjoy  opportunity  and  advantage  for  it,  ought 
to  hold  comuiunion  among  themselves  f<tr  their  peace,  in- 
crease of  love,  and  mutual  edification. 

13.  Cases  of  difficulty  or  difl'crences.  either  in  point  of 
doctrine  or  administration,  wherein  either  the  churches  in 
general  are  concerned,  or  any  <me  church,  in  their  peace, 
union,  and  edification;  or  any  member  or  members  of  any 
church  are  injured  in  or  by  any  proceedings  in  censures 
not  agreeable  to  truth  and  order;  it  is  according  to  the 
mind  of  Christ  that  many  churches,  holding  communion 
together,  do.  by  their  messengers,  meet  to  consider  and 
give  their  advice  in  or  about  the  matter  in  difi"erence,  to 
be  reported  to  all  the  churches  concerned;  howbeit  these 
messengers  assembled  are  not  intrusted  with  any  church 
power,  properly  so  called;  ur  with  any  juri:^diction  over 
the  churches  themselves,  to  exercise  any  censures  either 


over  any  churches  or  persons;  or  to  impose  their  deter- 
mination on  the  churches  or  offices. 

XXVIII.  Op  tiik  Comminios  of  Saints. — 1.  AH  saints 
that  are  united  to  .Jesus  Christ,  their  bead,  by  his  Spirit  and 
faith,  although  they  are  not  made  thereby  one  person  with 
him,  have  fellowship  in  his  graces,  sufferings,  death,  resur- 
rection, and  glory,  and,  being  united  to  one  another  in 
love,  they  ha\  e  cummunion  in  each  other's  gifts  and  graces, 
and  are  obligetl  to  the  performance  of  such  duties,  public 
and  |)rivate,  in  an  orderly  way.  as  to  conduce  to  their 
mutual  good,  both  in  the  inward  and  outward  man.  • 

2,  Saints  by  profession  are  bound  to  maintain  a  holy 
fellowsliip  and  comiuunion  in  the  worship  of  God,  and  in 
jierforming  such  rither  spiritual  services  as  tend  to  their 
mutual  edification;  as  also  in  relieving  each  other  in  out- 
ward things,  according  to  their  several  abilities  and  neces- 
sities; which  communion,  according  to  the  rule  of  the 
gospel,  though  especially  to  be  exercised  by  them  in  the 
relations  wherein  they  stand,  whether  in  familiejt  Or 
churches,  yet  as  God  ofl"ercth  opportunity,  is  to  be  ex- 
tended to  nil  the  household  of  faith,  even  all  those  who 
in  every  place  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus; 
nevertheless,  their  communion  one  with  another  as  saints 
doth  not  take  away  or  infringe  the  title  or  projrerty  which 
each  man  hath  in  his  goods  and  possessions. 

XXIX.  Or  IJai'Tism  and  tiik  Lord's  SuppEn. — I.  Bap- 
tism and  the  Lord's  .Supper  are  ordinances  of  positive  and 
sovereign  institution,  appointed  by  the  Lord  Jesus,  tho 
only  Lawgiver,  to  be  continued  in  his  church  to  the  end  of 
the  xvorld. 

2.  These  holy  iippuintments  are  to  be  administered  by 
those  only  who  are  qualified  and  thereunto  called,  accoril- 
ing  to  the  commission  of  Christ. 

XXX.  Of  IJaptism. — 1.  Baptism  is  an  ordinance  of  the 
New  Testament  ordained  by  Jesus  Christ,  to  be  unto  tho 
party  bajitized  a  sign  of  his  fell<iwship  with  him  in  his  death 
and  rcsuneetion  ;  of  his  being  engrafted  into  him;  of  re- 
mission of  sins;  and  of  his  giving  up  unto  God,  through 
Jesus  Christ,  to  live  and  walk  in  newness  of  life. 

2.  Those  who  do  actually  profess  repentance  towards  God, 
faith  in,  and  ohcilienee  to  our  Lord  Jesus,  arc  the  only 
proper  subjects  of  this  ordinance. 

3.  The  outward  element  to  be  used  in  this  ordinance  is 
water,  wherein  the  party  is  to  be  baptized,  in  the  name  of 
the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Sjiirit. 

4.  Immersion,  or  dipping  of  the  person  in  water,  is 
necessary  to  the  due  administration  of  this  ordinance. 

XXXr.  Op  Laving  on  op  Hands. — 1.  AVe  believe  that 
laying  on  of  hanils.  with  prayer,  upon  baptized  believers, 
as  such,  is  an  ordinance  of  Christ,  and  ought  to  be  sub- 
mitted unto  by  all  such  persons  that  are  admitted  to  par- 
take of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  that  the  end  of  this  ordi- 
nance is  not  for  the  extraordinary  gifts  of  the  Spirit,  but 
for  a  farther  reception  of  the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise,  or  for 
the  addition  of  the  graces  of  the  Spirit,  and  the  influences 
thereof  to  confirm,  strengthen,  and  comfort  them  in  Christ 
Jesus;  it  being  ratified  and  established  by  the  extraordinary 
gifts  of  the  Spirit  in  the  primitive  times,  to  abide  in  the 
church,  as  meeting  together  on  the  first  day  of  the  week 
was.  Acts  ii.  I,  that  being  the  day  of  worship,  or  Christian 
Sabbath,  under  the  gospel :  and  as  preaching  the  Word  was. 
Acts  X.  44,  an<l  as  baptism  was.  Matt.  iii.  Iti,  and  prayer 
was.  Acts  iv.  ^1,  and  singing  psalms,  etc.,  was,  Acts  xvi. 
25,  26,  so  this  of  laying  on  of  hands  was,  Acts  viii.  and 
xix.  ;   for,  as  the  whole  gospel  was  confirmed  by  signs  and 


THK  PHILADELPHIA    CONFESSION   OP  FAITH. 


1321 


wonders,  and  divers  mirucles  and  j^ifts  of  the  Holy  Ghost 
in  general,  so  was  every  ordinance  in  like  manner  con- 
firmed in  particular. 

XXXII.  Of  THK  Loun's  Supper. — 1.  The  Supper  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  was  instituted  by  him  the  same  night  wherein 
lie  was  betrayed,  to  be  observed  in  his  chur(dies  unt"  the 
end  of  tlic  world,  for  the  perpetual  remeinbrnnoc  and  show- 
ing forth  the  sacrifice  of  himself  in  his  death,  cunfiriniition 
of  the  faitli  of  believers  in  all  the  benefits  tliereof,  their 
spiritual  nourishment  and  growth  in  him,  their  further 
engagement  in  and  to  all  duties  which  they  owe  unto  him, 
anri  to  be  a  bond  and  i)ledge  of  their  communion  with  him 
and  with  each  other. 

2.  In  thisordinanee,  Ciirist  isnnt  offered  up  to  his  Father, 
nor  any  real  sacrifice  made  at  all  for  remission  of  sin,  of 
the  quick  or  dend,  but  only  a  memorial  of  that  one  offer- 
ing up  of  himself  by  himself  upou  the  cross,  once  for  all; 
antl  a  spiritual  oblation  of  all  jiossible  praise  unto  God  for 
the  same.  So  that  the  popish  sacrifice  of  the  mass,  as  they 
cal!  it,  is  most  abominable,  injurious  to  Christ's  own  only 
sacrifice,  the  alone  propitiation  for  all  the  sins  of  the  elect. 

3.  The  Lftrd  Jesus  hath  in  this  ordinance  appointed  his 
ministers  to  pray,  and  bless  the  elements  of  bread  and 
wine,  and  thereby  to  set  them  apart  from  a  common  to  a 
holy  use,  and  to  take  and  break  the  bread,  to  take  the 
cup,  nml,  they  communicating  also  themselves,  to  give 
both  to  the  cummunicants. 

■4.  The  denial  of  the  cup  to  the  people,  worshiping  the 
elements,  the  lifting  them  up  or  carrying  them  about  for 
adoration,  and  reserving  them  for  any  pretended  religious 
use,  are  all  contrary  to  the  nature  of  this  ordinance  and  to 
the  institution  of  Christ. 

5.  Thcoutward  elements  of  thisordinanee,  duly  set  apart 
to  the  uses  ordained  by  Christ,  luive  such  relation  to  him 
crucified  as  that  truly,  although  in  terms  used  figuratively, 
they  are  sometimes  called  by  the  name  of  the  things  they 
represent,  to  wit,  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ,  albeit  in 
substance  and  nature  they  still  remain  truly  and  only 
breatl  and  wine,  as  they  were  before. 

6.  The  doctrine  which  maintains  a  change  of  the  substance 
of  bread  and  wine  into  the  substance  of  Christ's  body  and 
blood,  commonly  called  transubstantiation,  by  consecra- 
tion of  a  priest,  or  by  any  other  way,  is  repugnant,  not  to 
Scripture  alone,  but  even  to  common  sense  and  reason,  over- 
throweth  the  nature  of  the  ordinance,  and  hath  been  and 
is  the  cause  of  manifold  superstitions,  yea,  of  gross  idola- 
tries. 

7.  Worthy  receivers,  outwardly  partaking  of  the  visible 
elements  in  this  ordinance,  do  then  also  inwardly,  by  faith 
really  and  indeed,  yet  not  carnally  and  corporeally,  but 
spiritually,  receive  and  feed  upon  Christ  crucified  and  all 
the  benefits  of  his  death:  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ 
being  then  not  corporeally  or  carnally.but  spiritually  pres- 
ent to  the  faith  of  believers  in  that  ordinance,  as  the  ele- 
ments themselves  are  to  their  outward  senses. 

S.  All  ignorant  and  ungodly  persons,  as  they  are  unfit  to 

84 


enjoy  communion  with  Christ,  so  are  they  unworthy  of  the 
Lord's  table,  and  cannot,  without  great  sin  against  him, 
while  they  remain  such,  partake  of  these  holy  mysteries, 
or  be  admitted  thereunto;  yea,  whosoever  shall  receive  un- 
worthily, are  guilty  of  the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord, 
eating  and  drinking  judgment  to  themselves. 

XXXIII.  Of  the  Statf,  of  Man  afteii  Death  anp  of 
THE  Kesurhection  OP  THE  Deao. — 1.  The  bodies  of  men 
after  death  return  to  dust  and  see  corruption  ;  but  theirsouls, 
which  neither  die  nor  sleep,  having  an  immortal  subsist- 
ence, immediately  return  to  God  who  gave  them;  the 
souls  of  the  righteous,  being  then  made  perfect  in  holi- 
ness, are  received  into  paradise,  where  they  are  with 
Christ,  and  behold  the  face  of  God,  in  light  and  glory, 
waiting  for  the  full  redem])tion  of  their  bodies;  and  the 
souls  of  the  wicked  are  cast  into  hell,  where  they  remain 
in  torment  and  utter  darkness,  reserved  to  the  judgment 
of  the  great  day ;  besides  these  two  places  for  souls  sepa- 
rated from  their  bodies,  the  Scripture  acknowledgeth  none. 

2.  At  the  last  day,  such  of  the  saints  as  are  found  alive 
shall  not  sleep  but  be  changed,  and  all  the  dead  shall  be 
raised  up  with  the  seif-same  bodies,  and  none  other;  al- 
though with  different  qualities,  which  shall  be  united  again 
to  their  souls  forever. 

3.  The  bodies  of  the  unjust  shall,  by  the  power  of  Christ, 
bo  raised  to  dishonor;  the  bodies  of  the  just,  by  his  Spirit, 
unto  honor,  and  be  made  conformable  to  his  own  glorious 
body. 

XXXIV.  Of  the  Last  Judgment. — 1.  God  hath  ap- 
pointed a  day  wherein  he  will  judge  the  world  in  righteous- 
ness by  Jesus  Christ,  to  whom  all  power  and  judgment  id 
given  of  the  Father;  in  which  day  not  only  the  apostate 
angels  shall  be  judged,  but  likewise  all  persons  that  have 
lived  upon  the  earth  shall  appear  before  the  tribunal  of 
Christ  to  give  an  account  of  their  thoughts,  words,  and 
deeds,  and  to  receive  according  to  what  they  have  done 
in  the  body,  whether  good  or  evil. 

2.  The  end  of  God's  appointing  this  day  is  for  the  mani- 
festation (pf  the  glory  of  his  mercy  in  the  eternal  salvation 
of  the  elect;  and  of  his  justice  in  the  eternal  damnation 
of  the  reprobate,  who  arc  wicked  and  disobedient;  for 
then  shall  the  righteous  go  into  everlasting  life,  and  re- 
ceive that  fullness  of  joy  and  glory  with  everlasting  reward 
in  the  presence  of  the  Lord;  but  the  wicked,  who  know 
not  God,  and  obey  not  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  shall  be 
cast  into  eternal  torments,  and  punished  with  everlasting 
destruction  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord  and  from  the 
glory  of  his  j)Ower. 

3.  As  Christ  would  have  us  to  be  certain-ly  persuaded  that 
there  shall  be  a  day  of  judgment,  both  to  deter  all  men 
from  sin  and  for  the  greater  consolation  of  the  godly  in 
their  adversity,  so  will  he  have  that  day  unknown  to  men, 
that  they  may  shake  off  all  carnal  security,  and  be  always 
watchful,  because  they  know  not  at  what  hour  the  Lord 
will  come,  and  may  ever  be  prepared  to  say.  Come,  Lord 
Jesus,  come  quickly.     Amen. 


1322 


APPENDIX. 


THE  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DECLARATION   OF  FAITH.' 


T.  Op  the  Scriptikes. — AVe  believe  that  the  holy  Bible 
was  written  by  men  divinely  in:?pired,  and  is  a  perfect 
treasure  of  heavenly  instruction:  that  it  has  God  for  its 
author,  salvation  for  its  end,  and  truth  without  any  mix- 
ture of  error  for  its  matter;  that  it  reveals  the  principles 
by  which  God  will  judge  us,  and  therefore  is.  and  shall  re- 
main to  the  end  of  the  world,  the  true  centre  of  Christian 
union,  and  the  supreme  stamhird  by  which  all  human  con- 
duct, creeds,  and  opinions  should  be  tried. 

II.  Op  the  True  Gon. — We  believe  tiint  there  is  one, 
and  only  one,  living  and  true  God,  an  intinite.  intelligent 
Spirit,  whose  name  is  Jehovah,  the  Maker  and  Supreme 
Ruler  of  heaven  and  earth,  inexpressibly  glorious  in  holi- 
ness, and  worthy  of  all  possible  honor,  confidence,  and 
love  ;  that  in  the  unity  <)f  the  Godhead  there  are  three  per- 
Bons, — the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost, — equal  in 
every  divine  perfection,  and  executing  distinct  but  har- 
monious offices  in  the  great  work  of  redemption. 

III.  Of  the  Fall  of  Man. — We  believe  that  man  was 
created  in  holiness,  under  the  law  of  his  Maker:  but  by 
voluntary  transgression  fell  from  that  holy  and  happy 
state;  in  consequence  of  which  all  mankind  arc  now  sin- 
ners, not  by  constraint  but  choice;  being  by  nature  utterly 
void  of  that  holiness  required  by  the  law  of  God;  positively 
inclined  to  evil ;  and  therefore  under  just  condemnation  to 
eternal  ruin,  without  defense  or  excuse. 

IV.  Op  the  Way  of  Salvation. — We  believe  that  the 
salvation  of  sinners  is  wholly  of  grace;  through  the  me- 
diatorial offices  of  the  Son  of  God  ;  who  by  the  appointment 
of  the  Father,  freely  took  upon  him  our  nature,  yet  with- 
out sin;  honored  the  divine  law  by  his  personal  obedience, 
and  by  his  death  made  a  full  atonement  for  our  sins;  that 
having  risen  from  the  dead,  he  is  now  enthroned  in 
heaven;  and  uniting  in  his  wonderful  person  the  tender- 
est  sympathies  with  divine  perfections,  he  is  every  way 
qualified  to  be  a  suitable,  a  compassionate,  and  an  all- 
sufficient  Saviour. 

V.  Of  Justification. — AVe  believe  that  the  great  gospel 
blessing  which  Christ  secures  to  such  as  believe  in  him,  is 
justification;  that  justification  includes  the  pardon  of  sin, 
and  the  promise  of  eternal  life  on  principles  of  righteous- 
ness ;  that  it  is  bestowed,  not  in  consideration  of  any  works 
of  righteousness  which  we  have  done,  but  solely  through 
faith  in  the  Redeemer's  blood;  by  virtue  of  which  faith 
his  perfect  righteousness  is  freely  imputed  to  us  of  God: 
that  it  brings  us  into  a  state  of  most  blessed  peace  and 
favor  with  God,  and  secures  every  other  blessing  needful 
for  time  and  eternity. 

VI.  Of  the  Freesess  of  Salvation. — AVe  believe  that 
the  blessings  of  salvation  are  made  free  to  all  by  the  gos- 


•  Cutting's  Historical  Vindications,  p.  19t. 


pel :  that  it  Is  the  immediate  duty  of  all  to  accept  them  by 
:  a  cordial,  penitent,  and  obedient  faith;  and  that  nothing 
I  prevents  the  salvation  of  the  greatest  sinner  on  earth  but 
'  his  own  determined  dejiravity  and  voluntary  rejection  of 
I  the  gospel ;  which  rejection  involves  him  in  an  aggravated 
I  condemnation. 

i  VII.  Of  Grace  iv  Rr(;eneration. — We  believe  that  in 
j  order  to  be  saved  sinners  must  be  regenerated,  or  born 
j  again  :  that  regeneration  consists  in  giving  a  holy  disposi- 
I  tion  to  the  mind  :  that  it  is  effected  in  a  manner  above  our 
I  comprehension  by  the  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  in  connec- 
1  tion  with  divine  truth,  so  as  to  secure  our  voluntary  obe- 
dience to  the  gospel ;  and  that  its  proper  evidence  appears 
I  in  the  holy  fruits  of  repentance,  and  faith,  and  newness  of 
I  life. 

A''fII.  Of  Repentance  am>  Faith. — AVe  believe  that 
repentance  and  failh  are  .-acred  duties,  and  also  inseparn- 
I  ble  graces,  wrought  in  our  souls  by  the  regenerating  Spirit 
I  of  God;  whereby,  being  deeply  convinced  of  our  guilt. 
I  danger,  and  helplessness,  and  of  the  way  of  salvation  by 
'  Christ,  we  turn  to  God  with  unfeigned  contrition,  confes- 
sion, and  supplication  for  mercy  ;  at  the  same  time  heart- 
'  ily  receiving  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  as  our  Prophet,  Priest, 
I  and  King,  and  relying  on  him  alone  as  the  only  and  all- 
I  sufficient  Saviour. 

IX.  Of  Gon's  Purpose  of  Grace. — We  believe  that 
I  election  is  the  eternal  purpose  of  God,  according  to  which 

'  he  graciously  regenerates,  sanctifies,  and  saves  sinners, 
that  being  perfectly  consistent  with    the  free  agency  of 
;  man.  it  comprehends  all  the  means  in  connection  with  the 
end ;  that  it  is  a  most  glorious  display  of  God's  sovereign 
I  gopdness,  being  infinitely  free,  wise,  holy,  and  unchange- 
able-, that  it  utterly  excludes  boasting,  and  promotes  hu- 
mility, love,  prayer,  |)raise.  trust  in  God,  and  active  imi- 
I  tation  of  his  free  mercy:   that  it  encournges  the  use  of 
I  means  in  the  highest  degree;  that  it   may  be  lu^certained 
I  by  its  effects  in  all  who  truh-  believe  the  gospel ;   that  it  is 
,  the  foundation  of  Christian  assurance:  and  that  to  ascer- 
tain it  with  regard  to  ourselves  demands  and  deserves  the 
\  utmost  diligence. 

X.  Of  Sanctification. — We  believe  that  sanctification 
is  the  process  by  which,  according  to  the  will  of  God,  we 
are  made  partakers  of  his  holiness,  that  it  i?  a  progressive 
work:  that  it  is  begun  in  regeneration;  and  that  it  is  car- 
ried on  in  the  hearts  of  believer.*  by  the  presence  and 
power  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  the   Sealer  and   Comforter,  in 

\  the  continual  use  of  the  apjiointed  means — especially,  the 
Word. of  God,  self-examination,  self-denial,  watchfulness, 
and  prayer. 

XI.  Of  the  Perseverance  of  Saints. — AVe  believe  that 
I  such  only  are  real  believers  as  endure  unto  the  end;  thnt 
'  their  persevering  attachment  to  Christ  is  the  grand  mark 


THE  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DECLARATION  OF  FAITH. 


132S 


which  (listin^uUhes  them  from  superficial  professors;  thnt 
a  special  providence  watches  over  their  welfare;  and  they 
arc  kept  by  the  power  of  God  through  faith  unto  siilva- 
tion. 

XII.  Of  TiiK  Haumuny  OK  tiik  Law  and  thk  (jospkl. 
— We  believe  that  the  law  of  God  i?  the  eternal  and  un- 
ehangeable  rule  of  his  moral  jjoveriiment ;  that  it  is  holy, 
just,  and  good:  and  that  the  inal;ility  which  the  Scrip- 
tures ascribe  to  fallen  men  to  fulfill  its  precept.^,  ari.^es  en- 
tirely from  their  love  of  sin;  to  deliver  them  from  which, 
and  to  restore  them  through  a  mediator  to  unfeigned  obe- 
dience to  the  holy  law,  is  one  great  end  of  the  g05j)el,  and 
uf  the  means  of  grace  connected  with  the  establishment  of 
the  visible  church. 

XIII.  Ok  a  Gospel  Chirch. — We  believe  that  a  visi- 
ble church  of  Christ  is  a  congregation  of  baptized  be- 
lievers, associated  by  covenant  in  the  faith  and  fellowship 
of  the  gospel;  observing  the  ordinjinces  of  Christ;  gov- 
erned by  his  law.s ;  and  exercising  the  gifts,  rights,  and 
privileges  invested  in  them  by  his  Word;  that  its  only 
scriptural  officers  are  bishops  or  pastors,  iind  deacons 
whose  qualifications,  claims,  and  duties  are  defined  in  the 
epistles  to  Timothy  and  Titus. 

XIV.  Of  Baptism  and  the  Lord's  SrppF.R. — We  be- 
lieve that  Christian  baptism  is  the  immersion  in  water  of 
a  believer,  into  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  Son,  ami 
Holy  <Jhoat;  to  show  fortli,  in  a  solemn  and  beautiful  em- 
blem, our  faith  in  the  crucified,  buried,  and  risen  Saviour, 
with  its  effect,  in  our  death  to  sin  and  resurrection  to  a 
new  life;  that  it  is  prerequisite  to  the  privileges  of  a 
church  relation;  and  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  in  which  the 
members  of  the  church   bv  the  sacred  use  of  bread  and 


wine,  are   to  commemorate  together   the  dying   love   of 
Christ;  preceded  always  by  solemn  self-examination. 

XV.  Of  tiik  Christian  Sacbath. — We  believe  that  the 
first  day  of  the  week  is  the  Lord's  day,  or  Christian  Sab- 
bath;  and  is  to  be  kept  .sacred  to  religious  purposes,  by 
abstaining  from  all  secular  labor  and  sinful  recreations; 
by  the  devout  observance  of  all  the  means  of  grace,  both 

'  private  and  public;  and  by  preparation  for  that  rest  that 

I  remaineth  for  the  people  of  God. 

!  XVI.  Of  Civil  Govkknment. — We  believe  that  civil 
govcrnuient  is  of  divine   appointment,  for  the   interests 

I  and  good  order  of  human  society ;  and  that  magistrate.<i 
arc  to  be  prayed  for,  conscientiously  honored,  and  obeyed ; 

;  except  only  in  things  opposed  to  the  will  of  our  Lord  Jesus 

:  Christ,  who  is  the  only  Lord  of  the  conscience,  and  the 
Prince  of  the  kings  of  the  earth. 

XVII.  Of  the  Righteous  and  the  Wicked. — Wc  be- 
lieve that  there  is  a  radical  and  essential  difference  between 
the  righteous  and  the  wicked;  that  such  only  as  through 

'  faith  are  justified  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  sanc- 
tified by  the  Spirit  of  our  God,  are  truly  righteous  in  his 
esteem  ;  while  all  such  as  continue  in  impenitence  and  un- 
belief are  in  his  sight  wicked,  nnd  under  the  curse;  and 
this  distinction  holds  among  men  both  in  and  after  death. 

XVIII.  Of  the  W^oitLD  to  Come. — We  believe  that  the 
end  of  this  world  is  approaching;  that  at  the  last  day, 
Christ  will  descend  from  heaven,  and  raise  the  dead  from 
the  grave  to  final  retribution;  that  a  solemn  separation 
will  then  take  place;  that  the  wicked  will  be  adjudged  to 
endless  punishment,  and  the  righteous  to  endless  joy;  and 
that  this  judgment  will  fix  forever  the  final  state  of  men 
in  heaven  or  hell,  on  principles  of  righteousness. 

[Fur  a  form  of  Church  C-ovenaiU,  see  page  283.] 


1324 


APPENDIX. 


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Fac-simile  from  original  Records,  of  the  order  for  the  banishment  of  Roger  Williams. 


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1iS85.    "Whereas  Mr.  Roger  Williams,  one  of  the  elders  of  the  charch  of  Salem,  hath  broached  and  divulged  dyvera  oewft  aod  daogerous  opioioos  against 

Srd  Sept.  the   aucthorite   of  magistrates,    as   also   with  otherfi  of  defamcoo.  both  of  the  magistrates  aad  churches  here,  aud  tliat  before  any  codviccod.  aod  yet 

maintaineth  the  eame  without  reiraceoo,  it  is  therefore  ordered,  that  the  said  Mr.  WiUiaras  shall  depte  out  of  this  jurisdicfou   withio  aixe  weeltea 

Dowe    Qexte    ensuelDg.    web  if  bee  neglect    to  pforme,    it  shall  he  lawful!  for  the  Gouv'r  atid  two  of  tbe  magiatrates  lo  sead  turn  to  some  place 

oat  of  this  jurisdiccoD,  not  to  returoe  aoy  more  without  licence  from,  tbe  Court. 


Order  banishing  the  Founders  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Boston. 


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^Ixy*  Whereas  Thomas  Gold  (and  others)  obstinate  and  tarbuleot  Aooabaptista,  have  some  time  eince  combined    themselves    wb  others  io  a  pretended 

16G8.  Q^m-^lj    eslatejr» jf< K to  .  tbe    great    griefe    and  offeoce  of  the -godly  orihodc)x  ^^oi/jnaod  about  two  years  since  were  enjoyoed  by  this  Court  to 

deaiet    Irom    said    practise    and  to  retarne  to   our  allowed  Ctturch  AasemblieSfXJt «'«  xthis  Court  doe  judge  it  accessary  that  they  be  removed  to 

some  other  part  of  this  country  or  elsewhere:  and  accordiogljr  doeth  order  that   (they)  '  doe  before  the  twentieth  of  July  next  remove  themselves 

oQt  of  thia  jurisdlccoQ. 


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ROGER  WILLIAMS  TO  JOHN   WINTHROP,  Jr. 


For  the  WonsniprcLi,  Mr-  John  Wi.vturop  at 
Nemelg  These. 
Sir, — Respective  salutacions  to  you  both  and 
sister  Lalte  :  At  this  instant  (tlie  first  of  the  weeke 
toward  noone)  I  receave  yourse  and  shall  be  glad 
(if  God  will)  you  may  gaine  a  reasonable  passage 
by  us  before  the  hardest  of  winter,  although  I  can- 
not advice  you  (but  to  pray  against  winter  flights 
and  journeyes)  yet  if  the  necessitie  of  God's  provi- 
dence so  cast  it  I  shall  be  glad  that  we  might  have 
you  Prisoner  in  these  parts  yet  once  in  a  few  dayos 
(though  in  deepe  snow)  here  is  a  beaten  path  &c. 
Sir  Nenekunat  againe  importunes  me  to  write  to 
youre  Father  and  youreselfe  about  his  and  hunt- 
ing at  Pefjut,  that  you  would  allso  be  pleased  to 
write  to  youre  Father.  I  have  endeavoured  to  sat- 
isfie  him  what  I  can,  and  shall,  yet  I  am  willing  at 
present  to  write  to  you,  not  so  much  conceaving 
that  you  can  further  gratifie  him  at  this  time,  but 
that  f  may  by  this  opportunitie  salute  you  with  the 
tidings  from  the  Bay  tlie  last  night,  ."^kipper  Isaack 
and  Moline  are  come  into  the  Bay  with  a  Dutch 
ship  and  (as  it  is  said)  have  brought  letters  from 
the  States  to  call  home  this  present  Dutch  Gover- 
noure  to  answer  many  complaints  both  from  Dutch 
and  English  against  him  :  In  this  ship  are  come 
English  passengers  and  bring  word  of  the  great 
Trialls  it  pleasotli  the  Most  High  and  only  Wise  to 
exercise  both  oure  native  England  and  these  parts 
allso. 


The  Prince  is  said  to  be  strong  at  sea  and  among 
other  mischiefes,  has  taken  Mr.  Trerice  his  ship 
which  went  from  hence,  and  sent  it  for  France  it 
seemes  their  Ilendevnuz. 

It  is  said  that  after  Cromwell  had  discomfited 
the  Welsh,  with  GOCVJ  he  was  forced  to  incounter 
19  thousand  Scots  of  whome  he  tooke  900()  prison- 
ers &c. — great  store  of  Scots  and  Wellsh  are  sent 
and  sold  as  slaves  into  other  parts  :  Cromwell  wrote 
to  the  Parliament,  that  he  hoped  to  be  at  Edinburg 
in  few  dayes. 

A  commission  was  sent  from  the  Parliament  to 
try  the  King  in  the  He  of  Wight,  lately  prevented 
from  escape. 

The  Prince  of  Orenge  and  the  States  are  falling, 
if  not  already  fallen  into  Warrs  which  makes  some 
of  the  States  to  tender  MunnJldoes  as  place  of  Re- 
treat. 

Sir  to  liim  in  whose  favour  is  Life  I  leave  you, 
desiring  in  him  to  )>e 

Youre  Worships  unworthy 

Roger  Wii.m.vms. 

■lohn  prays  you  to  be  earnest  with  Mr  IloUet 
about  his  bowse  hoping  to  be  back  in  a  fortnight. 

1      (Labeled,    "rec'd    dec', — undoubtedly    lii48. — 
j  J.B.) 

I      Mass.  Hist.  Collections,  Third  Series,  vol.  ix.  pp. 
1  276-77. 


1328 


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